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RECORDS OF THE PAST:

BErNC

ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS

OF THE

ASSYRIAN AND EGYPTIAN MONUMENTS.

PURI.ISIIF.D UNDER THE SANCTION
OF

THE SOCIETY OF BIBLICAL ARCH^OI.OGN'.
VOL. VI.

ECxYPTIAN TEXTS.

LONDON-
SAMUEL BAGSTER AND SONS,

15, PATERNO.STF,R ROW.

/?./^^^7

/ cORfMF

L. i o H i\ '\\ \

RECORDS OF THE PAST.

VOL. VI.
EGYPTIAN TEXTS.

NOTE.
Every Text here given is either now translated for the first
time, or has been specially revised by the Translator to the
date of this publication.

PREFACE.

This sixth volume of the " Records of the Past "
contains a scries of Egyptian translations of historical
and other texts. Among those relating to history-
will be found the first half of the great Harris Papyrus,
the largest and most important of its class of all
hitherto discovered, and throwing c^rcat light upon the
condition of Egypt in the reign of Ramcscs III.
Besides the historical texts several mythological ones
of great interest will be found in the volume, such as
the Hymns to the god iVmen, the Destruction of
Mankind by the gods, and a curious Magical Text,
embodying singular mythological ideas, and of some
interest in connection with the study of ancient magic,
which played a very prominent part in Egyptian
science and ethics, and can scarcely be separated at
the present day from its mythology. Besides the
Magical Text poetiy is represented by the Song of
the Harper, and fiction by the Story of Saneha, and
the Tale of the Garden of Flowers. The interest
taken in this publication is shown by the authors of
such pieces which originally appeared in French or

ii PREFACE.

German having kindly prepared or revised the English
translations, so that they appear in their last and most
correct form. The publication itself has called forth
the commendations of all interested in the study,
especially those who have paid attention to Egyptian
philology and history. It is in fact only by the
perusal of these translations of original documents in
their integrity that the mind of ancient Egypt can be
appreciated and understood. Without such aids the
dissertations or works on Egypt are after all compila-
tions more or less imperfect, without the freshness and
strange originality offered by perusal of the words of
the original authors, scribes of thirty centuries and
more ago, the first men of letters in the ancient world,
who wrote these remarkable compositions in the valley
of the Nile. The flourishing period of literature ap-
pears to have been the XlXth Dynasty, a golden age
of history, poetry, and fiction, although these branches
of literature flourished as early as the Xllth Dynasty,
and ethical philosophy began about the period of the
Vth Dynasty. Gradually developing, literature culmi-
nated under the native monarchs, but rapidly declined
with the fall of the Ramessides. Specimens of the best
period of writing will be found in the present volume,
which completes the first half of the series proposed
to be issued in this form.

S. BIRCH.
yd February, 1876.

CONTENTS.

Preface

Sepulchral Inscription of Ameni . . .

By S. Birch, LL.D.

Inscription of Aahmes, son of Abana

By p. LE Page Rendlf.

Letter of Panbesa ...

By C. \V. Go.iDwiN, M.A.

Annals of Rameses III. : —
The Conquests in Asia

By S. Birch, LL.D.

The Creat Harris Papyrus, Part I.

By Phof. Eiseni.ohr and S,

Stele of the Coronation

By G. Maspero.

The Inscri])tion of tlie Governor Nes-hor

By Paut, Pierret.

Stfele of King Horsiatef

By G. Maspero.

Hymns to .Amen

By C. W. Goodwin, M.A.

Inscription of the Destruction of Mankind by Ra

By F.DOv-\RD Naviii.e.

Birch, LL.D.

103

11 CONTENTS.

Egyptian Magical Text ... ... ... ... 113

By S. Birch, LL.D.

The Song of the Harper 127

By Lunwio Stern.

The Story of Saneha ... ... ... ... 131

By C. W. GoonwiN, M.A.

The Tale of the Garden of Flowers ... ... 151

By Francois Chabas.

List of Further Texts ... ... ... ... 157

SEPULCHRAL
INSCRIPTION OF A:\IENI

xith DVNAsrV.

TRAN'SLATED BY

S. BIRCH, LL.D.

T^HIS inscription is engraved on a calcareous stone

tablet of the period of the Xlth d\-nast\-. It has

a mention of the Star Sirius or Dog Star, and it

is published by Sharpe, Egjfiiaii Inscriptions, p. 17,

British Museum, No. 162. At the time of the Xllth

dynasty the festival of the manifestation of Sothis,

apparently to mark the fixed year and the Sothic

cycle, often appears, but it probably came into use

shortly before, as this tablet is either of the Xlth
VOL. VI. 2

2 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

dynasty, at its close, or just at the commencem
of the Xllth, the name of the person for wh
it was made having been derived from one of
kings or rulers of the Xlth dynasty who was cal
by the same appellation.

INSCRIPTION OF AMENI.

1 Act of homage to Osiris who dwells in the West.
Lord of Abutu," in all good i/W pure

2 places he gives sepulchral meals of bread and beer, of
cattle and fowl, of all things

3 good to the devoted to the great god, the Superintend-
ent of archers, the chief person Amen'i, son of Baku
justified

4 hands are given to him out of the barge in the distant
places of the West, he receives the offerings on

5 the great table in all the festivals of the Karneter"
" Come in peace " is said to him by the Chiefs of
Abutu,' in the Uaka festival '

6 in the festi\al of Thoth, in the festival of Sekar,' in
the festi\al of the appearance of Khem

7 in the festival of the rising of Sothis, in the )early
festival, in all the great festi\als made

8 to ( isiRis who dwells in the 'West, the great god, for the
sake of the Superintendent of the archers, the Chief,
Ami;ni.

9 His wife beloved, doing his will daily, the prophetess of
Athor, Mat-hu born of Ameni, justified

10 his eldest granddaughter Khentikhrati

11 his son tnil\- loving him in his heart, doing his will daily,
the Chancellor Athorsi a devoted person, justified

12 the barber Khentikhrati

' Abydos. ° Hades.

* Meaning uncertain, a moveable feast. "* Socharis.

RECORDS OF THE PAST.

13 the slave Gefahapi '

14 the lady's maid Khui

15 the Steward Ajieni

16 the SteAvard Sautit.

Or, Hapi the slave bearing bread.

INSCRIPTION OF AAHMES,
SON OF ABANA.

TRANSLATED BY

P. LE PAGE RENOUF.

T^HE following inscription occurs in a tomb of the
period of the XVI Ilth dynasty, at Elkab or Eilei-
thyia, and has been published by Lepsius, Dcnkmaeler
Abth. III., Bl. 1 1, and Champollion, Xoticc descriptive,
fc, Paris, 1870, p. 655. It has been translated in part
by M. the late Vte. Emmanuel de Rouge, Mctiwirc sur
I'inscriptioji du Tonibcait d'AImits clicf dcs nautoniers
in the Jl/i'inoiirs de I' Institut dc France, Prem. serie,
Tom. III., 4to. Paris 1851, but not entirely, and partly
by Professor Brugsch-Bey in his Histoirc d' Egyptc, 4to.
Paris, 1859, P- 80, 81, ^6, 90, although not together,
nor in continuous order. The present is the first
continuous and complete translation of the whole
inscription, the only remaining part of the text being
the statement of the amount of land presented to
Aahmes, amounting to 60 sta, and the list by name of

6 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

the slaves obtained by Aahmes in the course of the
campaigns. It is one of the most important of the
historical inscriptions as it gives the account of the
campaign against the Hykshos at the commencement
of the XVIIIth dynasty, and the siege of their strong-
hold, Avaris. Born in the days of Sekenen-Ra the
Egyptian monarch, contemporary with the later
Shepherd kings, Aahmes served under Aahmes or
Amasis I, Amenophis I, and Thothmes I. These
monarchs, it will be seen from the inscriptions, had
personally entered the field, and Aahmes was witness
of their prowess in some of the actions in which they
had been engaged. Like all the great Egyptian
officers he had seen active service both on the
Northern and Southern frontiers of Egypt. It was
one of the most critical periods in the history of
Egypt, and this inscription together with the li'^ Sallier
Papyrus throws great light on the comparatively
obscure events of the time of the Shepherd kings.
The names of some of the places are obscure especially
those of the localities in the neighbourhood of Avaris.
The name Teta-an that of the chief of the Hykshos is
not elsewhere found ; it appears after the siege of
Avaris and final expulsion of the Shepherds.

S. B.

INSCRIPTION OF AAHMES.

The Captain-general of Marines, Aahmes, son of Abana,
the justified,

1 He saith : I speak to you, all men, in order that I may
inform you of the honours which ha\e fallen to my lot.
I have been presented with gold seven times in the face

2 of the whole land; and with slaves both male and female.
I have acquired very many landed possessions. The
warlike name which he hath made shall not perish

3 ever in this land. He saith : I came into existence in
the city <jf Eilethyia ; my father was an officer of King
Skkknkn Ra ; Baija

4 son of Re-an r was his name. I performed the duties of
an officer in his place on board the ship called the Calf
in the days of King Nei!-pehii-Ra,' the justified.

5 I was (then) too \()ung to have a wife, and I was clad in
the uniform of the Shennu.' But as soon as I had a
house I betook myself

6 to the ship called the North, for the purpose of taking
part in the war. And it was my duty to follow the
Sovereign on foot when he went out on his chariot.

7 \\'e laid siege to the city of A\aris and I had to fight on
foot in presence of His Majest}-. I was promoted

8 to the ship called Cha-em-Mennefer.' We fought upon
the canal of Patetku of A\aris. Here I obtained
prizes ;

9 I carried off a hand, mention of which was made to the
Reporter Royal, and there was given to me the golden

' Aahmes I.

° "^1' couchais dans le lit Ri'^im'," Chabas.

' Literally, "Crowned in Memphis."

8 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

(collar) of valour. I fought a second time at this place
and a second time I took prizes

10 there. I carried off a hand and there was given to me
a second time the gold of valour. There was fighting at
Takamit, at the south of this city

11 and I carried away prisoner a live man. I plunged
into the water far in bringing him off; in order to avoid
the road to the

12 town, I crossed over with him through the water.
Mention of this was made to the Reporter Royal and I
was presented with gold once more. We

13 took Avaris, and I carried off as captives from thence
one man and three women, in all four heads; and His
Majesty gave them to me for slaves. We

14 laid siege to Sharhana in the year 5, and His Majesty
took it. I carried off from thence captives, two women
and one hand. And there

15 was given me the gold of valour. Likewise there were
given me the captives for slaves. But as soon as His
Majesty had slaughtered the Asiatic barbarians

16 he returned to Chent-hen-nefer for the purpose of de-
stroying the Anti of Nubia, and His Majesty made a
great slaughter of them.

17 I carried away captives, two live men and three hands,
and I was presented once more with the gold and
likewise the two slaves were given to me. Than came

18 His Majesty down the river, his heart dilated with valour
and victory ; he had conquered the people of the South
and of the North. Then came the Pestilence' of the South

19 introducing its devastation, and profaning the gods of
the South in its grasp. It was found by His Majesty at
Tent-ta-qabu' and His Majesty carried off

' Identified by M. Chabas with the "Shepherds."
^ A place determined by water.

INSCRIPTION OF AAHMES. 9

20 all his men as living captives. And I brought off two
officers whom I had seized on the ship of the Pestilence.
And there were

2 1 given to me five heads for my share and five sta of land
in my own city. It was done to all the company of the
marines in like manner. Then that enemy

22 named Tkta-an came, and rebels joined him. But
His Majesty slaughtered him and his slaves even to
extinction. And then were

23 given to me three heads and five sta of land in my own
city.

It was my lot to convey King Sor-ka-ra' on his
journey up to Kush for the purijose of extending

24 the frontiers of Egypt. His Majesty smote that Anti'
of Nubia in the midst of his troops ; taken by assault
they escaped not ....

25 .... so as not to exist. Behold I was at the head of
our soldiers, and I fought as it behoved me. His
Majesty was witness of my valour as I carried off two
hands and brought

26 them to His Majesty, ^^'e pursued his people and his
cattle. I took a living prisoner and brought him to His
Majesty. In two dajs I brought His Majesty back to
Egypt

27 from the Upper source. And I was presented with the
gold, received two female slaves besides those which I
had brought

28 to His Majesty, and was raised to the dignity of
" Warrior of the King."

It was my lot to convey King A-vchetkr-ka-ra' on
his journey up to Chent-hen-nefer

* Amenophis 1.

' Name of hostile tribes on the southern boundaries of Egypt.

' Thothmes I.

lO RECORDS OF THE PAST.

29 for the purpose of chastising the guilty among the tribes

and of exterminating the I fought upon the

river ....

30 the ships at the stranding; and I was raised to the
dignity of Captain-general of the marines. His Majesty

[Another portion of the inscription proceeds as follows :]

1 His Majesty became more furious than a panther, and
he shot his first arrow, which stuck in the knee of that
wretch . . fainting before the asp. Then was

2 made of them in an instant .... their people were
carried off as live captives. His Majesty returned down
the river, all the regions being in his grasp. That

3 vile Anti of Nubia was kept with his head down on the
royal ship when he landed at the Apet."

4 After this he went to the Rutennu' for the purpose of
taking satisfaction upon the countries. His Majesty
arrived at Naharina,' where he encountered that enemy,
and organised an attack. His Majesty made a great

5 slaughter of them ; an immense number of live captives
was carried off by His Majesty. Behold I was at the
head of our soldiers, and His Majesty saw my valour

6 as I seized upon a chariot, its horses and those who
were on it as living captives whom I took to His
Majesty. I was once more presented with the gold.

7 I have grown up and have reached old age ; my honours
are like . ... (I shall rest in the tomb) which I have
myself made.

* A well-known part of the city of Thebes : the modern Karnak.
^ Syria. ^ Mesopotamia.

LETTER OF PANBESA,

CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF THE CITY OF RA.MESES,
XlXth DYNASTY.

TRANSLATED BY

C. W. GOODWIN, M.A.

TN the A aastasz Papyrus III., Plate i, line ii, is pre-
served the following letter containing a description
of the town of Rameses, near to the fortress of Aa-
nechtu, built by Rameses II, on the confines of
Egypt and Canaan.

This town has been recently supposed to be Zoan
or Tanis and the point of departure of the Exodus.
The letter has been parti}' translated by the Rev. I.
Dunbar Heath, Exodus Papyn, 8vo., Lond., 1855, p. 73.
This letter is of great interest, giving in poetic strain
the account of the city, and the sentences as is usual
in poems, have red dots placed above them to show
the lines. Many of the names of fruit and fish are

12 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

obscure, although the document throws great light on
their nature, whether of the aquatic kind of plants or
else from trees in the arboreta or Egyptian orchards.
As there is a considerable demand for explanatory
notes a few have been added to assist the reader
about the obscurer words, phrases and places which
are mentioned in it. Many of the things were brought
from distant places as far as the Euphrates and other
foreign lands and it would seem to have been one of
the most flourishing cities of Egypt at the time. The
document is unfortunately much mutilated and the
only parts untranslated are those which have suffered
from worms or from being torn.

S. B.

LETTER OF PAXBESA.

1 The Clerk Pant.icsa salutes his Lord,

2 the Clerk Amenemapt. Long hve the King !

3 This is sent for the information of My Lord.

4 Again I salute My Lord.

5 I proceeded to Pa-R amessu Meiamen '

6 I found it flourishing in' good things without a ri\al,

7 like the foundations of Thebes .'

8 the abode of felicity.

9 Its meadows are filled with all good things,

10 it is well-provisioned daily.

1 1 Its pools (are filled) with fish, its ponds \nth fowl ;

1 2 its fields are verdant with grass,

1 3 the Affs-dovfer ♦ is in its . . ; '

14 the 7^v;?-(7/t'(?-plant ' whose taste is like honey

15 is in the fields of the tubs.'
Its threshing-floors are full

16 of barley and wlicat

.' towards the sky ;

1 7 bunches of leeks in the beds ;

18 gourds in the arbour ;

l!////d//hld-(rmt,''

' City named " House of Ramessu-ML-iamen." ' Abounding in.

3 Lacuna.
* Unknown plant. S.B.

' Edible plant, perhaps cucumber or melon kind. S.B.
*» Watering-machines.

' Sometimes written .Inruhama or Aluhama ; supposed grapes or
raisins. S.B.

14 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

19 Tephu-{vi\i, called' ;'

20 TeMuiit' from the arboretum ;

21 sweet wine of the produce of Egypt

22 which is superior to honey.

23 Red Wzi^-fish from the river of ' Hlies;

24 Baran-fish from the river Haruma ;
2 5 £arai-fish mixed with J?aka-6sh

'fish

26 from the river Puharta*

Aiu-hih . . . ,' from the river ; '

27 Ifanata-fish [rom. . . .' of Aa-nechtu.'

28 The pool of HoRUS furnishes salt,

29 the Pahura lake furnishes nitre ;^

30 its . . . .^ for the going and coming.'

3 1 There is a supply of provisions there daily.'

32 Gladness dwells within it, '

33 none speaks scorn of it.

34 The little ones in it are like the great ones

35 (They say) Come let us celebrate its heavenly festivals

36 and the season feasts.

37 The papyrus-marsh is adorned with Afenku-Howcr ^

38 the pool of HoRUS with the ^«-flower;'°

39 there are ^Sahara-flowers from the arboretum,

40 festoons from the vineyards '

41 fowls in flocks, to adorn '

' Perhaps tet, olives. S.B.

° Supposed to be figs or dates. S.B. ^ Lacuna.

* Euphrates. ^ The frontier fortress.

^ One of the natron or bitter lakes near the Isthmus of Suez.

' Of boats. s Market.

^ A flower of red and violet colour. S.B.
'° Apparently another kind of water plant. S.B.

LETTER OF PANBESA. I 5

42 The sea abounds with Baka-fv^ ' and A/u-fish.

43 It . . . ' their boundaries.

44 The virgins of Aa-nechtu are well apparelled e\tjry
day;

45 sweet oil is on their heads, with new curls.

46 They stand at their doors,

47 their hands adorned with nosegays,

48 with bouquets of Pa-Hathor,

49 garlands of the lake Pahiira^

50 on the day of the arrival of ,

51 Ra-user-ma S(;Ti;P-EN-RA,'

52 the war-god * of the world,

53 the morning of the feast of Kaha-ka ;

54 all assemble one with another

55 to recite their petitions.

56 There are sweet drinks in Aa-nechtu ;

57 its liquors are like sugar,

58 its syrups like the taste of

59 caroobs ' surpassing honey.

60 lieer of Kati comes from the port ;

6 1 wine from the vineyards ;

62 sweet refreshments from the lake

63 Sakabaima ; ' garlands from the arbours.

64 The sweet singers of Aa-nechtu

65 are of the school of Memphis ;'

' The locust tree of the desert, Ceralmiin siliqua.

' Lacuna. ' The prenomen of Ramses II.

* Mentu or Mentu Ra, the Eg-yptlan war-g-od. S.B.
' The fishes and plants here named have not as yet been certainly
identified.
" Unknown locality. S.B.
' The !Mimplitlulr< fuclla: of the Latin authors. S.B.

1 6 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

66 joy remains there prolonged, unceasing.

67 Ra-user-ma Sotep-en-ra,

68 the war-god of the world,

69 Ramessu Meiamen, is its god.

ANNALS OF RAMESES III.

XlXth DYNASTY.

THE CONQUESTS IN ASIA.

TRANSLATED BY

S. BIRCH, LL.D.

nPHIC following inscription i.s at Thebes before the
Treasury of the Temple of Chonsu at Medinat Habu,
founded by Rameses III. of the XXth dynasty, and
is published by Duemichen, Historische Inschriftcn alt-
(Egyptischcr Denkmaeler, fo., Leipzig, 1867, Taf xi., xii.
It accompanies a picture representing the god Amen-
Ra wearing the hawk plumes and the tcicr or cap of the
lower country, and tunic round the loins, armlets and
bracelets round the arms advancing to the left. In
the right hand he holds the scimitar x^P^' ^ surmounted
by a disked ram, and in his left hand the end of a

VOL. VI. 8

1 8 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

cord which passes round the neck of the fifth prisoner
to the ninth. The goddess of the West, or the Western
Thebaid, with a bow and mace in her hand, holds
a cord passing round the necks of the four first
prisoners. Of three of these only the upper parts of
the name remain. They are thirty-nine in number,
and amongst them are the Pelasgi, Turseni or
Etruscans, Chalybes, Matennu or Greek isles, and
Carchemish.

THE CONQUESTS IX ASIA.

1 Says Amen Ra, Lord of the thrones of the two
countries, to my beloved son of my loins, Lord of the
Upper and Lower country Ra-user-ma' beloved of A^[E^^
rich in years like Ptah-Tanin, overthrow-

2 ing his opponents, I have smitten for thee every land,
thou hastenest, leading thy frontiers in thy grasp

3 thou hast taken every land in its iwic-nl' and fortresses

4 (thou hast taken it) on its north. Th)' spirit'

5 is great, it has encircled every land the fear

6 of thee, it has dragged the lands captive. Thou art
like Har* over the two countries

7 The Sun of the Bow-bearing barbarians.' I ha\e magni-
fied (thy victories, I have overeased) thy i)Owers, I gi\e
the terror of thee in the hearts of the countries of the
Huanebu'

8 great is thy cutting of their members, Thy Majesty
drags them in chains ;

9 thy hands swooi) ()\er the heads of thy enemies.

10 I h:ive been placed ()\or their heads, the Herusha'

1 1 (came) submissive to thy name,

12 thy countenance' pre\ails oxer them, thy mace is in thy
right, and thy war axe in thy left hand then, thou hewest
the hearts

I- of cowards, Chiefs Jiave come to thee bearing tribute mi
their backs, all the good products of their

' Prenomen of Rameses III. ' Xnii is the division or section.

' Bnii appears to mean an inward cimsciousness or tlioughts of the l<in;.j
as WL-ll as, or even rather than, the protectinc; demons.
* Horus.
' Or the Nine bows, probably a Libyan confederation of nine tribes or
cities.

" The supposed Haunnt, J<n-eii or /o»f<. The name of the Greeks, by
some connected with the Aryan Yaimii, and the Latin jHrcH.t.
' Lastern foreigners, nomad or Bedouin tribes. " .Y«, or "diadem.''

RECORDS OF THE PAST.

14 lands, the lands of the North I have given thee
Egypt as thine inheritance," the Nine-bow barbarians as
vassals of thy palace the South have come in terror
prostrate to thy spirits. I have opened to thee the
roads of Punt '

15 with perfume and incense to thy crown. Passed has
my valour in thy limbs to destroy the invaded countries.
I place Amen, and Barui,^ with thee, and Khonsu,
HoRUS in thy limbs,* each god prevails following in thy
service to the perverse lands of the savages.'

16 I let Thy Majesty tread on them as I do. A jackal pas-
turing' off the bodies of the North,' I give thee power of
HoRUS and Set, Lord of diadems, the dominions and
things of their divisions.

Prisoners :

Ma . . . .»

Pu-lu(sata) '

Puter ....

Gaga-ma

Tur-shakha'°

Kharubu

Ka-tina

Al-MAR

Sa-ri

Ta-taru "

Ta-kanasa

Tarui Shabu

Ba-ga-ru

A(ru)si

Amana

Arukan

Perikara

. ubai

Karuna

Kairuga

Aburt

Kabusiu

Aimaru

U . . NI-UHA

KUSHPATA

Kannu

Ru-a-nis

A-PA-KHA

Shabi

Ga-auru

KiNI-SEN .

. EN 32

MOURUNASA

Garnai

Ta-sukha 35 Mat(b)uri 36 Ta-baru
37 Matenau 38 Karukamasha"

' Bu nefer, " good place." " The Regio Barbaria.
3 Baal. ■• Em sa, "behind " or " to protect."
' Xem, " the ignorant," or xem rut, " ignorant men," " savages."

' Menu, here determined by a gryphon, perhaps "a gryphon."

^ Perhaps the Mast, Masuasa or Maxyes.

« The Pulusata or Pelasgi. "> Tur, Chalybes.

" Or, The pool of Tatu. " Carchemish.

ANNALS OF RAMESES III.

Professor EISENLOHR and S. BIRCH, LL.D.

'T'HE following document is found on the papyrus
generally known as the Gnat Harris Papyrus,
one of the finest, best written, and best preserved that
have been discovered in Egypt. It measures 133 feet
long by i6i| in. broad and was found with several
others in a tomb behind Medinat Habu. Purchased
soon after by the late A. C. Harris of Alexandria it
was subsequently unrolled and divided into 79 lea\es
and laid down on cardboard. With the exception of
some small portions which are wanting in the first,
the rest of the text is complete throughout. After the
decease of Mr. Harris, his collection of papyri was
brought to England by his daughter. Miss Harris, and
sold to the British Museum through the mediation of
Professor Eisenlohr, who was then in England.

The historical portion of the papyrus was trans-
lated with a comment, by Professor Eisenlohr and
published in his \\'ork Dcr grossc papyrus Harris, citi
li'ichtigcr Beit rag zur legyptischcn Gcsliichlc, i2mo.,
Leipzig, 1 87 J, and in a paper printed in the Trans-
actions of the Society of Biblical A rclueology, Vol. I.,
Pt. II., p. 355-384. Dr. Birch published a translation
of the first 23 pages in the Zcitschrift fur irgyptisc/ic
Sprachc. 4to., Berlin, 1872, p. 119; 1873, pp. 9, 34,

2 2 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

65,97, 152. Another translation of the whole papyrus
except the lists of objects given to the temples was
given by Professor Eisenlohr in the same Zeitschrift,
1873, pp. 15 and foil, 49, 98, and 154; 1874, pp.
23-25. A translation of the historical portion com-
prised in pages 75-79, was given by M. Chabas in his
work Rccherches pour scrvir a Vhistoire de la XlXth
dynastic, Chalon, 1873. The object of the papyrus is
the address after death of the king Rameses III,
recounting the benefits he had conferred upon Egypt
by his administration and delivery of the country
from foreign subjection and also the immense gifts
which he had conferred on the temples of Egypt,
of Ammon at Thebes, Turn at Heliopolis, and Ptah
at Memphis, etc. The last part is addressed to the
officers of the army consisting partly of Sardinian
and Libyan mercenaries, and to the people of Egypt
in the 32nd year of his reign and is a kind of
posthumous, panegyrical discourse or political will
like that of Augustus discovered at Ancyra. The
papyrus itself consists of the following divisions, three
of which are preceeded by large coloured plates or
vignettes : PL I., Introduction ; PL II.-XXIIL, Dona-
tions to the Theban deities; PL XXIV.-XLIL,
Donations to the gods of Heliopolis; PL XLIIL-
LVL, Donations to the gods of Memphis ; PL LVIL-
LXVI ; Donations to the gods of the North and
South ; PL LXVII.-LXXIV., Summary of donations ;
PL LXXV.-LXXIX., Historical speech and con-
clusion. Throughout the monarch speaks in the first
person, the list excepted.

ANNALS OF RAMESES III.

PLATE I.-

1 The year 32, the 6th of the month Epiphi of the reign
of the King of Upper and Lower I'lgypt, Ra-user-ma
beloved of Amen, the hving ' the Son of the Sun Rameses
Ruler of An,' beloved of all gods and goddesses

2 The King crowned in the white crown like Osiris, the
luminous ruler of Akar,' like Tum over the great house
in Taser^ who comes for ever and ever King of the
Abyss, King of Upper and Lower Iv^^pt Ra-user-ma
beloved of Amen, the li\ing, the Son of the Sun,
Rameses ruler of An,' living, the great god

3 who says worshipping the adoration, the thanksgivings,
and numerous and mighty actions which he did as King a
Ruler on earth at the house of his noble father A.mkn Ra
King of the gods

4 Mui', XiiNsu" Lords of Uas,' the house of his noble
father Tiui, Lord of the two lands of An,' Ra Harem-
akhu° Iusaas Nebhetep all the gods of An for the
house of his noble father, Ptah, Chief of the Southern
wall

5 Lord \ivifying the two lands, Sk.chet the greatly be-
loved of Ptah, Nefer-tum protecting the two lands and
the gods of the temple of Ptah-ka,' for the house of his
noble fathers all the gods and goddesses of the South

' The plates refer to the forthcoming publication of the British Museum,
and the divisions into which the papyrus was cut and laid down by the
late Mr. A. C. Harris.

^ Anx uta snaO, " life, established and sound." ' Heiiopolis.

* Name of Hades. ^ Another name of the entrance of Hades.

'-' Khons, son of Mut and Amen.

' Tile Thebaid. ^ Harmachis title of Ra. " Memphis.

24 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

6 and North by the good glorious works (which he per-
formed to) the men of the land of Egypt and of every
land assembled altogether at one time, to inform

7 the fathers, the gods and goddesses of the South and
North, (men) mortals, intelligences, mankind of the nu-
merous glorious actions which he did on earth while great

Ruler of Egypt.

PLATE 2.

Picture of King before Amen Ra, the goddess Mut

and Chonsu.

DONATIONS TO THE GODS OF THEBES.

PLATE 3.

1 Celebrate, and return thanks for the glorious actions
which he did for the house of his noble father Amen-Ra,
King of the gods, Mut, Khonsu and all the gods of
Uas'

2 Says the King the Ra-user-ma beloved of Amen the
living' the Son of the Sun, Rameses Ruler of An the
great god adoring his father that noble god Amen-Ra
King of the gods the substance which was at first,

3 the god of gods who produced himself, lifting his hand,
raising the crown, maker of existences, creator of beings,
himself a mystery to men and gods, give to me thy ears
Oh Lord of the gods,

4 listen to my adorations which I make thee, let me come
to thee at Uas' thy reserved city, be deified in the cycle
of thy gods, thou art at peace at thy strong place in
Nebanx

5 at the noble face of thy propylasa. Let me be united to
the gods Lords of the Empyreal gate, like my father

' Thebes. ' Anx ula siial', "life, established and sound."

ANNALS OF RAMESES III. 25

Osiris Lord of Taser,' may my soul be like the soul
of the company of the gods who are at rest where thou art

6 in the horizon for ever and ever. Give breath to my
nostril, water to my soul, to eat the substance and the
food of thy divine offerings, may my noble form remain
before thee

7 like the great gods Lords of Akar, may I go in and
depart from thee like they do, thou hast ordered my
spirits like theirs against my accusers. Establish my
peace offerings brought to my

8 person' continually' for ever and ever, I am King on
earth. Ruler of the living, thou hast set the (towu on my
head when thou madest the passage in peace to the noble
temple,

9 thou sittest on thy seat dear to thy v/i^h, I am
established in place of my father as thou madest to
HoRUS in the place of Osiris. I neither excluded'' nor
deprived '

10 another of his place. I have not infrini^ed what thou
hast ordered being before me. Thou ga\est peace and
joy to my people ; every land is adoring before (thee). I
look at the pious works

1 1 I did as King. I redouble for thee the mighty and
glorious numerous actions, I made for thee a noble
house of millions of years placed on the hill of Nebankh'
facing thee,

PLATE 4.
I built with carved stone, sandstone and black stone, with
lintels' of gold" and brass making its tower of stone
visibly elevated above

' Tsci; Hades. ' A'a, " person.''

' Jmrm, "continually,"' or "day by day."

■* Ausl:ak. ' Huru, or " drew" out of his place.

" Lord of the living- world. ' Columns (Br.)

8 Uas)iu " electrum,'' or "copper."

2 6 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

2 carving engraved with the chisel in the great name of
Thy Majesty. I built a wall around it fabricating, favoured
indeed, having a door and passages of carved stone.

3 I dug a lake in front of it full of water from heaven,
planted with groves in its meadows like the land of the
North, filling its treasury with the products of the land
of Egypt,'

4 gold silver and all precious stones for hundreds of
thousands, its granaries had their heaps' of corn and
barley, its fields and herds multiplied like the sands of
the shore. I made tribute to it

5 the lands of the South as those of the North, the land
of Khent, and Taha to it bringing their work, filled with
captives which thou gavest to me of the Pat,' the youths*
were ten thousands.

6 I carved thy statue reposing within it Amen Num Heh'
was its noble name, embellished with real stones like the
horizons, at its progress there is rejoicing to see it.

7 I made for it vases" for the tables of good gold and
others of silver and brass without number. I made
numerous divine offerings presented before thee, with
bread, wine and beer, fat geese

8 numerous oxen calves' and cattle, antelopes and goats
offered on his altar. I dragged as hills great statues' of
alabaster and engraved stone,'

9 giving them life in making (them) repose at the right

" Kami, " Black land." = Mas mas, " measured," " full."

' Nine-bow barbarians.

"• Able bodied tarnu of my foundation.

^ Name of the image " Amen uniting Eternity.''

*• Or "drinking" vessels.

' Renen, " virgin,'' or " young cattle."

3 Moiiiu, " statues,*' or "monuments.''

^ Hiisi, "carved," perhaps applies to alabaster, "carved alabaster."'

ANNALS OF RAMESES 111. 27

and left of its gate cut in the great name of Thy Majesty
for ever, other statues of waw' stone, sandstone,

10 figures of black stone placed in it, I sculptured Ptah
Sekar, Xefer TuiM in the company of all the gods of
heaven and earth in its shrine made of pure gold

11 and silver, making' (them) of jewels, and real stones,
rich indeed : I made t(j thee a noble palace of the King
in it like the house of Tllm abo\e, the columns

12 the hinges and gates of gold,' the great cornice* crowned
of pure gold.* I made for it transj)orts loaded with com
and barley to tow them to

PLATE 5.

1 its granary without cessation I made for it a store
house, great boats on the river laden with numerous
things for its noble treasury

2 It is surrounded with orchards, and seats and bowers
loaded bearing fruit ami flowers to Thy Majesty. I built
their summer houses having

3 places for light. I dug a tank before them, the ponds
laid out with lillies

4 I made for thee a secret horizon in thy city of Uas'
facing thy propyla;a, Lord of the gods, the house of
Rameses-hek-An the living in the house of A.mex,
placed in heaven having the disk '

5 1 built its walls of car\ ed stone having great columns of
good gold, I filled its treasury with the things my arms
fetched to offer

6 before thee in the course of the day' I made festive to

' AJtKiii^ or mafu, a kind of stone, perhaps Red Syenite.

' Or, ornamenting them with meh, "iewels."

^ [/asm metal, by some conjectured to be "copper" or "electrum.''

' The show balcony. ' Good or best g'old. ' Thebes.

' .Imni men em pel kar Alcii, It^ name. ' Em karl hni, "daily."

28 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

thee Southern Thebes with the great monuments I
builded for thee a temple in it like the seat of the
Universal Lord,' the divine temple of " Rameses Ruler
of An the living

7 embracing delight in Thebes.'" A second time I made
thy monuments in Uas, the strong, where reposes thy
heart near thy face — the house Ra-user-ma beloved of
Amen the living in the house of Amen.

8 I made to thee a secret shrine at one time' of good stone
of granite, the doors in its face"* are of brass, made and
cut in thy divine name

9 like the shrine of the Universal Lord, built of stone like
a miracle, enriching it with eternal gifts ; the columns in
front of mafu stone, the doors

10 and lintels of gold. I furnished it with servants,' and
endowed it with treasures by hundreds of thousands.

1 1 Thy image was placed at rest in it like the Sun in the
two horizons, it was set up in its place for ever and ever
in thy very noble court

12 I made thee a great table of silver wrought, covered
with good gold studded with jewels having figures of the
living Lord of wrought gold and stands ' having thy
divine offerings placed before thee.

PLATE 6.
I I made thee a great sanctuary' for thy propylon
plated with good gold with jewels, stone; its vases of
gold holding wine and beer to be served up before
thee every morning.

' Neherier, or " Entire Lord," the recomposed Osiris.
" Jmen num resau, the name of the temple.
' En Sep ua, " at once." ' Her herf, " in front of it."

5 Tamau. « Jl', stands.

' Xenti) "an inner place," it is determined by wood.

ANNALS OF RAMESES III.

2 I made for thee store places for the show' festivals with
slaves male and female I supplied them with bread and
beer, oxen, fowl, wine, incense, fruit, fodder, vegetable
pure offering before thee in the course of the day' in
continual addition to what was (stored) before.

3 I made thee noble pectoral plates' of gold with jewels,
great collars filled with perfect jewels* to tie on at thy
festivals, and at each of thy celebrations in thy great
strong place in Apt-asu.'

4 I made for thee an image of the Lord of wrought gold
deposited in its place in thy noble shrine.

5 I made for thee great inscriptions' of beaten gold, cut
in the great name of Thy Majesty having my adorations.'

6 I made for thee other inscriptions of beaten silver in
the name of Thy Majesty on the tablet' of the temple.

7 I made for thee great plates' of beaten silver cut in the
name of Thy Majesty engraved with the chisel having
the tablets and registers of the temples which I made in
Ta-mera "

8 during my reign on earth to perpetuate thy name for
ever and ever and ever, thou art their guide " in respond-
ing face to lace.

9 I made for thee other plates of beaten brass," they
were six sided of the colour of gold, cut and engraved by

' L'li her hel; "show face festivals," i.e., when there was an appearance,
or exhibition of the god.

° Or "daily," the word ameni continually increasing.

' Via, " pectoral plates'' were so called, also "amulets."

* Kiitmer, or kamei ken, this last word perhaps a variant of sebeii,
" mixed," " various."

■' Thebes. ' Or " scrolls.'' ' Or " with my prayers."

» Or " the rule of the temple." ' Or " tablets," aiinu.

■° The name of Northern Eg-ypt. " Or " prophet."

■- Or "bronze."

30 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

the chisel in the great name of Thy Majesty with lists of

the sanctuaries and of the temples also
lo the numerous praises, and adorations I made to thy

name, thou wast pleased to hear them Oh Lord of the

gods !
Ill made thee a great crater of pure silver, its lip was of

gold cut in thy name, the cover upon it was beaten out

of pure silver, a great vase of gold having covers and

feet.

12 I worked for thee (images of honour)' of the goddess
MuT and the god Khonsu the work was made anew in
the place' of the gold, made of good gold plated all
round with jewels and precious stones, engraved collars
before and behind

13 prepared' with their clasps their hearts are delighted on
account of the glorious deeds I did for them.

PLATE 7.

1 I made for thee great tablets at thy treasury plated with
good gold with coverings of precious stones* the great
board hinge of silver having coverings' of gold touching
the floor.

2 I gave thee ten of tens of thousands of bushels of com
to supply thy divine offerings continually for transporting
to Thebes' every year to fill thy granaries with corn and
barley.

3 I brought thee captives of the Nine bows and prisoners
of the countries of the foreigners for thy court I made
the road to Thebes like a foot leading to thy presence
having numerous offerings.

4 I added to thee festivals in the yearly festivals to offer
before thee at each of thy celebrations. They were pre-

■ Or " fans." ' Or " house."

3 Or " furnished." ■* Or " studded with gems." s « Frames."

' Uas, Western Thebes.

ANNALS OF RAMESES III. 3I

pared with bread, beer, cattle, geese, wine, incense, fruit
innumerable. They were contributed anew of the Chiefs
and workmen and in addition to all the honours I gave
thy form.

5 I constructed for thee thy grand barge Userha of 130
cubits on the river, (made) of great cedar trees and rivets
of brass plated with gold moving through the water like
the boat of the Sun going to the land of Bakh giving life to
all who have sight at

its api)earance, its great cabin within of good gold
(adorned) with settings of all kinds of precious stnnes, like
the place of " The God whose face is terrible," of good
gold from front to back having a cornice of iinvi bearing
the a^ crown.

7 I lead to thee Piiiit,' \\\\\\ its fragrance to go round
thy divine abode in the morning, I planted incense trees
in thy front court nev'cr seen again since former times.

8 I made for thee gallies transports, and ships of war
with soldiers equipped with their arms on the Great
Sea or Mediterranean. I gave them Captains of the
bowmen, and C'aptains of gallies provided with numerous
crews without numlx>r to bring the things of the land of
'laha' and the hinder parts of the earth to thy great
treasuries in Uas '

9 I gave thee flocks of the South and iVorth having
cattle, geese and beasts in hundreds of thousands, having
superintendents, herdsmen, keejjcrs, officers, wiirkmen and
numerous keepers behind carrying fodder for the cattle to
sacrifice Oh Lord of the gods ! to thy image in all thy
festivals. Thy heart is at peace through them.

10 I gave thee numberless gardens' of wine in Southern
Ut and Northern Ut,' likewise others in the South in

' Arabia or the Regio Barbaria. ' Ndrthcrn Palestine.

' Western Thebes.

■• Gardens of winL-, 2.e., " vineyards." * The Mareotis.

32 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

their numerous reckoning, in the land of the North as it
were hundreds of thousands. I provided them with
numerous gardeners from the captives of all lands having
a pond for my watering

1 1 prepared having lotuses having spirits and wine, bring-
ing water to lay before thy face in powerful Thebes.

12 I planted thy city of Uas' with groves, and meadows,
asi flowers," and scented flowers for thy nostril.

13 I built a house for thy son Khonsu in Thebes of good
he^vn stone of sandstone and black basalt, I plated its
folding doors of the gate with gold, and overlaid it with
electnim like the horizon of heaven.

PLATE 8.

1 I ornamented thy images in the place of the gold hall
with all noble precious stones which my hands brought

2 I made to thee a noble quarter in the city on the
North, established as thy place of service for ever and
ever, the house of " Rameses-hek-An, living greatest of
the powerful " ' it belongs to him for ever and ever !

3 I assigned to it the lands of Egypt, having their tributes
the men of every country, to assemble within it, provided
with great gardens, and places' planted with all fruit trees
loaded

4 with their fruit, and a divine pathway covered with
flowers of every land, with asi'' and tufi^ plants and
seeds like sands.

5 I made for thee the support of Egypt overflowing by
the lands of every country, great olive trees having olives
enveloped by walls, all round Hke parasangs' planted in
great

' Western Thebes. ° A kind of lilly or water plant.

' The name of the palace. ■• Or "walks."

' The reed or papyrus. » Or stadia, a great length.

ANNALS OF RAMESES III. 33

6 groves in all the numerous paths, the oil from them
like the sand of the shore to be brought for thy support
to the powerful Thebes, jars of wine likewise innumerable
I offered to thy face continually.

7 I built for thee thy divine abode in the midst of its
area, fabricating" and making the construction of square
stone, its doors and its lintels were of gold, nailed together
by brass, I inlaid' it with precious stones like the bolts
of heaven.

8 I carved in it thy noble figure crowned like the Sun who
illuminates the world \vith rays, "Amen of Ramesks-
hek-An the hving," was its great noble name, I filled its
house with male and female slaves, I brought from the
lands of the East ;

g the horoscopers of the divine abode, who were taken b\-
selecting the children of the Chiefs, I caused its treasury
to overflow all with things, with things of every land \\'cre
its granaries heaped up on high, its herds in the stalls,
were multiplied like the sand

10 its cattle was sacrificed to its honour, divine offerings
continually full and pure were before thee. Its barns'
had fatted geese, its poultry yards had fowls of heaven.'

1 1 The gardens had vines bearing fruit, plants and flowers.

1 2 I made thee a grand house in the land of Khent ; »
I inscribed m it thy noble name, like the heaven above, the
" house of Ramksks-hek-An the greatest of the powerful,"
fixed and with thy name for ever !

PLATE 9.
I I built for thee a sacred abode in the land of Taha "
like tlie horizon of heaven which is above, the temple

' Or " benevolent indeed." ' " Ornamented."

3 Or " poultry yards."
■• Such as doves and pigeons. ' Situation unknown.

' Northern Palestine.

VOL. VI. *

34 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

of Rameses-hek-An, the living, in the land of Kanana'

2 in the quarter' of thy name, I carved thy image reposing'
in it, the house of Amen of Rameses-hek-An the living.
The nations of the Rutennu* came to it

3 bringing their tribute before it to its gods, I brought the
entire land to thee, having their products to bring them
to Thebes, thy holy city,

4 I made to come to thee the hearts of the nomes of
Egypt, they were inclined to thee, the company of the gods
were for thee, making that land well,* I built for them
temples, gardens having trees,

5 fields, cattle, herds. Numerous slaves were thine for ever,
thy eye was upon them, thou art their guide for ever !

6 I produced' thy very great images which are in the
nomes of the land of Egypt, I made to be sculptured
thy temples

7 which were in ruins. I doubled the appointed offerings
for their eminence' besides the continual increase of those
\\'hich were before them.

8 Lo such was the collection of all (things) which I made
before thee, noble divine father. Lord of the gods, men
and gods see my glorious actions which I did for thee,
and my energy while upon earth.

PLATE TO.

1 The collection of things, cattle, gardens, fields, gallies,
repositories, cities, which the living King gave to the
house of his noble father

2 Amen Ra, King of the gods, Mut, Khonsu and the
gods of Western Thebes, as property for ever :

3 The house ° of the King Ra-user-ma, beloved of Amen

' Canaan. * Thebaid.

' Or "laid," " placed." ■• Syrians, or Mcsopotamians.

' Or " protecting." 6 Bak, "served."

' Ka, " service." " dignity," or " person." » Or " temple."

ANXALS OF RA.MESES III. 35

the li\'ing, in the house of Amex, at the South and North
side, under the Chiefs of that temjjle, provided wth all its
things : heads, 62,626.

4 The house of Ra-user-ma, beloved of Amex, the living, in
the house of Amex, at the South and North side, under
the Chiefs, equi]ii)cd -ivith all things, 970.

5 The house of Rameses, the Ruler of .\n, the living, in the
house of Amkn', at the South and North side, under the
Chiefs equipped with all its things, 2623.

6 The house' of "Ramf.ses the Ruler of An the li\-ing
connecting joys" in the house of .\mex, under the High
Priest, equipped with all its things, 49.

7 The cattle herds of Ra-cskr-ma, lielo\ed of Amex, the
living, in the house of Amex, which are belonging to the
Sun abounding in truth," beloved of Amex, the living,
captured from the rebels on the great river, 113.

8 The herds of the Sun, abounding in truth, hclo\cd of
Amen, the living, taken' from the .Mashauasha on "The
\\aterof the Sun" under Pi \i the Superintendent of the
House, of the Abishuasha, 971.

9 The herds of Ra.mi.ses, the Ruler of An, the living, in
the house of Ami:n, on the great river, 1S67.

ID The herds of Ra-iiser-ila, beIo\ed of Amex, the li\'ing,
in the house of .\mex, given by the men of the great
river, under the (iovernor of the South side, 34.

11 The herds of R\meses, Ruler of An, in the house of
Amex, under Kai the Superintendent of oxen, 279.

1 2 The house of " Rameses Ruler of .\n, the hving, the most
powerful" the cities which His Majesty gave thee in the
South and North, in the district of the house of Amen-Ra,
King of the gods called " the victor),'' which thou hast
made. It is established for e\er, 7872.

' iTi "temple." " The prenomcn of Rameses III.

' Xrf, "stripped" " plundered," or "caught."

36 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

13 The house of Rameses the Ruler of An, the living, in
the house of Khonsu, 294.

14 The men which he gave to the house of Khonsu in Uas,
Neferhetp, Horus, Nebkhenthat,' pieces ' 249.

15 The Kharu and Nahsi which His Majesty captured and
gave to the house of Amen Ra, King of the gods, to
the house of Mut, to the house of Khonsu ; pieces, 2607.

16 The bows of the Ra-user-ma, beloved of Amen, the
living, gracious to his temple, in the house of Amen, the
men taken whom he gave to that house, 770.

PLATE II.

1 The images, processional statues, the hearts which (are
taken care of by the Chiefs)' feather bearers, the Officers
and men of the land

2 which His Majesty gave to the district'^of the temple of
Amen Ra, King of the gods, for the victories (and) to
answer about them for ever and ever !

3 Gods, 2556, making head, people, 5044.

4 Total of herds, 86,486.

5 Herds and cattle, 421,362.

6 Orchards and gardens, 433.

7 Fields, arouras, 868,i68j^.

8 Barges, gallies, 83.

9 Chambers* of cedar and acacia, 46.

10 Towns of Egypt, 56.

11 Towns of Kharu, g. Total, 65.

PLATE 12a.
I The useful things for the service of the men, and all
the persons of the abode of the King of Upper and

' " Lord of the extent of heart."

' Sef, literally, " turns," or " pieces."

' A doubtful and difficult sentence, " are held in office."

* Or magazines of cedar and acacia wood.

ANXALS OF RAMESES III. 37

Lower Egypt, Ra-uskr-ma, beloved of Amen-Ra, the
living, in the house of Amen,

2 on the South and North, who are under the Chiefs of
the house of the Ra-user-ma, beloved of Amex, the living,
in the house of Amex, in the district of the house of

, Rameses, Ruler of An, in the house of Amen,

3 the temple of Rameses the Ruler of An, " uniter of
joys" of the Apt, the house of Rameses, the Ruler of An,
in the house of Khonsu, the five herds of cattle

4 made for that house, which the King of Upper and
Lower Egypt, Ra-uskr-ma, the living, the great god, gave
to their treasury, the store house and the granary with
their annual increase.

5 Fine gold, ten,' 217, kat,' 5.

6 Gold of the land of Kabti, Un, 61, kat, 3.

7 Gold of Kush, ti-ii, 290, kat, 8^.

8 Fine gold of the land, ten, 569, kat, 6^.

9 Silver, ten, 10,964, kat, 9.

10 Total gold and silver, ten, 11,546, kat, 8.

11 Brass, ten, 26,320.

12 Royal linen, fine byssus, coloured cloths, 3,722.

13 Linen, ten, 3,795.

14 Incense, wax, oil, perfumes,' i,049-

PLATE 12b.

1 Spirits and wine, aan, 25,405.

2 Siher in things, of the work of the men given for divine,
offerings, ten, 3,606, kat, i.

3 Sacks of corn prepared by the labourers, 309,950.

4 Bundles of fodder, 24,650.

' Ten, the highest Eg-yptian Troy weight, equal to 90 grammes or
1400 grains Troy.
' Kal, the drachm or ounce, equal to 9 grammes or 140 grains Troy.
3 Or "liquors."

38 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

5 Flax, nekJit,"- 64,000.

6 Waterfowl taken by the fowlers, 289,530.

7 Oxen, heifers, steers, calves, cattle of Kat,' cattle of Ru,
cattle of Egypt, 849.

8 Oxen, heifers, steers, calves of the produce of the herds
of Khari' 17. Total, 866.

9 Valuable geese, 544.

10 Cedar boat, heads 11.

11 Acacia boat of the port of the shore, boats for the
conveyance of cattle, gallies, and transports, 31.

12 Total of cedar and acacia boats, 82.

1 3 The things of Ut * in many numbers for divine offerings.

PLATE 13a.
I Gold, silver, real lapis lazuli, real stones, bronze,^ byssus

linen, (other) cloth.'
3 Finest byssus, coloured linen,' liquors,' waterfowl, all

the things which the King of the Upper and Lower

country, Ra-user-ma, beloved of Amen, the living, the

great god gave

3 as offerings of the living Lord for supplies (to) the house
of his noble father, A.men-Ra, King of the gods. Mux,
(and) Khonsu, from

4 the first year to the thirty-first year,' making thirty-one
years.

5 Good gold signets, 42, making ten, 21.

6 Good gold settings of rings for the finger, 22, making ^f«,
3, kai, 3.

' "Cuttings," or cut.
' Kat, the same as the drachm, probably cattle of weight.
^ Northern Syria, or Palestine.
"• Supposed to be the lake Mareotis.
^ Baa^ copper, or metal in general.

^ Called maku, a mi.Ned material. ' Or, linen for scribes.

» Oiili, or " scents." » Of his reign.

ANXALS OF RfUIESES III. 39

7 Good gold \\ith gems, rings for the finger, 9, making
ten, I, kat, 31^.

8 Good gold, settings of gems, and all real precious stones,
pendants of the pillar of Amex, i, ten, 22, kat, 5.

9 Good gold beaten into a sheet i, making ten, 9, kat, 5 J^.

10 Total of wrought good gold, ten, 57, kat, 5.

1 1 Gold of second (quality)' setting gems in finger rings, 42,
making ten, 2, kat, 53^.

1 2 Gold of second (quality) beakers, 30, making ten, 2, kat, 5.

13 Total of gold of second quality, ten, 35, kat, ^2-

14 White gold" rings for the finger, 310, making ten, 16,
kat, 3^.

PLATE 13b.

1 'White gold name rings, 264, making ten, 4S, kat, 4.

2 A\''hite gold made into rings for the fingers of the god,
108, making ten, 717, kat, 8.

3 Wliite gold coverings of pectoral plates, 155, making
te)i, 6, kat, 2.

4 Total of white gold ten, 90, kat, 7j<C.

5 Total of good gold, of second (qualit}') gold, of white
gold, ten, 183, kat, 5.

6 A sihcr crater the lip of gold on a stand, making ten, 112,
kat, 5.

7 A silver cover of a crater, making ten, 12, kat, 3.

8 The silver ladle of a crater, making ten, 27, kat, 7.

9 Silver craters, 4, making te/i, 57, kat, 4)2.

10 Silver amshoirs' having co\'ers, 31, making ten, 105,
kat, 4.

11 Silver squares having covers, 31, making ten, 74, kat, 4.

* Either bitter, or sep snab " twice,'' i.e., " twice refined," or else inferior
second class, being mentioned after best iiefer, or good gold.

' A distinction is drawn between iiub hut, " gold white," and hut }iui,
" white gold," silver; the first is reckoned with gold and may be electrum.
^ Or "censers.''

40 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

12 Silver arku,^ 6, making ie/i, 30, kai, 3.

13 Silver beaten plates, i, making ten, 19, kat, 2,%-

14 Silver beaten tablets, 2, making ten, 287, kat, }^.

15 Silver beaten,' /if«, 100.

16 Total of silver and beaten vases, ten, 827, kat, ij^.

PLATE 14a.

1 Total of gold and silver in beaten or wrought vases,
ten, 1,010, kat, 6)^.

2 Stones of real lapis lazuli, 2, making ten, 14, kat, j4-

3 Bronze' beaten tablets, 4, making ten, 822.

4 Incense, ten, 5140.

5 Incense, measures,'' 3.

6 Incense, hannu,^ 20.

7 Incense, wood of, 15.

8 Cakes of incense, in ephas, 100.

9 Royal linen dresses, 37.

10 Royal linen overcoats, 94.

11 Royal linen garments, 55.

12 Royal linen caps, 11.

13 Royal linen sheets of HoRUS, 2.

14 Royal linen iitu, i.

15 Royal linen ear flaps,' 690.

16 Royal linen straps, 489.

1 7 Royal linen clothes of the statue of Amen, 4.

PLATE 14b.

1 Total of royal linen of different kinds, 1383.

2 Mixed ' linen cases, i.

* The word arku has the determinative of basket and measure, and is
probably a vessel.

^ Kniiknn, possibly "various," rather than "beaten'' silver in various
articles.

' Or, " copper," Vaa.

* Same as corn measure. ^ Or " bins." <> Ateks,

^ Maku, *' mixed material."

ANNALS OF RAMESES III. 41

3 Mixed linen caps, i.

4 Mixed linen ties," clothes of the (statue) ' of the god
Amen, i.

5 Mixed linen clothes, various, 3.

6 Good South linen coverlids, 2.

7 Good South hnen iittit, 4.

8 Good South linen overcoats, 5.

9 Good South linen ear flaps, 31.

10 South linen straps, 29.

1 1 Good South linen tunics, 4.

12 Total of various good South linen clothes, 75.

13 Embroidered' caps, 876.

14 Embroidered girdles, 6779.

15 Total of coloured* cloths, various, 7125.

16 Total of royal, mixed, fine and coloured, various, 8586.

PLATE isa.
I Wliite * incense, jars, 2159.
" White incense, jars, 12.

3 Honey, jars, 1065.

4 Oil of Kami," jars, 2743.

5 Oil of Kharu,' masa jars, 53.

6 Oil of Kharu, jars, 1757.

7 White " fat, jars, 911.

8 Goose fat, jars, 385.

9 Paint, jars, 20.

10 Total of cosmetics, taucmen, weight, 9125.

11 Spirits of wine, coloured jars, 1377.

12 Spirits of wine, jugs,' mi.

13 Wine, jars, 20,078.

' Kalata. ' Pa-xa-neter, " noble wood."

' Either painted, or else "scribe's caps."
* Or, " scribe's clothes."

' Either hut, "white,'' or tiat, "green," "fresh." " Egypt.

' The Syrian Coast. s Or, " fresh." ' Kabu.

42 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

14 Total of spirits and wine, jars and jugs, 22,556.

15 Cornelian ' pectoral plates, 185.

16 Lapis lazuli pectoral plates, 217.

PLATE isb.

1 Jasper scarabs, 62.

2 Turquoise scarabs, 224.

3 Natron, and salt scarabs,' 24.

4 Lapis lazuli scarabs, 62.

5 Various stone scarabs and pectoral plates, 165.

6 Various stone signets with bezels,' 62.

7 Crystal signets, 1,550.

8 Crystal beads, 155,000.

9 Crystal pieces of vases, 155.

10 Wood for ship building, 31.

1 1 An alabaster slab, i .

1 2 Cedar harps, 6.

13 A cedar rule, i.

14 Palm trees 3, weighing icn, 610.

15 A mulberry tree i, weighing ten, 800.
1 5 Bundles of straw, 19.

PLATE 1 6a.

1 The plant ta s'kej>s, sacks, 246.

2 The plant ta s'heps, bundles, 82.

3 Fruit, sacks, 52.

4 Nakapetha fruit, sacks, 125.

5 Aiifta* fruit, sacks, lor.

6 Dates from Mahau, sacks, 26.

7 Beans, bushels ' of, 46.

8 Grapes, quantities,' 1809.

9 Grapes, bunches, 1869.

' llir.-,, a stone of two different colours. * Nu, " glass."

5 Or, " settings." ■• Or, Fala. ' Or, " measure."

» Bushels.

ANXALS OF FLV.MESES III. 43

10 Fruit of the douni palm, bunches, 375.

11 Dates, ephas, i668.

1 2 Cattle, various, 299.

13 Water-fowl,' 2490.

14 Cleese of another kind, 5200.

15 llcc^c, living," 126,300.

PLATE i6b.

1 Fat y;cese, flocks, 20.

2 Natron, bricks, 44,000.

3 Salt, bricks, 44,000.

4 Onions, ropes, 180.

5 C>nions, loads, 50.

6 Onions, scni/ujici, 77.

7 Onions, nd:id. 2.
S ScM/i' jilants, 60.

9 /Vj7// flowers, bMu-ns, 1150.

10 Atenaka," 60.

1 1 Onions, sacks. 50.

12 Pure and selected, 250.

13 Corn for the divine ofterings of the tesrivals of the
heaven, and the annual festi\als which the King Ra-
LSKR-MA, beloved of Amen, the living, the great god

14 has gnven contmually in addition to his father Amex-K.a
the King of the gods, Mu r. ChoxsU, and all the gods of
the Thebaid, die divine ofTenngs, made double for*

15 diose which were before from his first year to his 31st
year making 31 years, 2,981,074 measures.

PLATE 17a.
I The offerings of the festivals augmented by the King,
die R_\-usFK-.MA, bckned of A.mex, the living, die great
god, for his father A.mex

' Or, " living: geese," or " gccse pairs.'

' Or, ■* pairs." ^ Unknown plant or fruit.

* Unknown plant or fruit * A'l;. , or "increase."

44 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

2 Ra, the King of the gods, Mut, Chonsu, and all the
gods of the Thebaid for the twenty days' oiferings of the
festivals,

3 the Ra-user-ma, beloved of Amen, the living, the
festivals of the Thebaid to Amen, from the 26th of the
month Pachons, to the 15th of the month Pa)Tii,

4 making twenty days, from the 22nd to the 32nd year,
making eleven years, with the offerings of

5 the festivals of Southern Apt, from the nineteenth of
of Mechir to the 15 th of Phamenoth, making 27 days,
from

6 the first to the 31st year, making 31 years.

7 Good bread, for offerings, 1,057.

8 Good bread, great tails, 1,277.

9 Good bread, large phalli, 1,277.'

10 Good bread, like enclosures, 440.

11 Good bread, for offering, great rolls, 43,620.

1 2 Papyrus slips or roots for the place of incense, 685.

13 Beer for the cellar, bottles, 4,401, making ....

14 Good bread, flesh, flour for the show place, hoteps' 165.

15 Good bread, flesh,, flower, great baskets of gold,' 485.

PLATE 17b.

1 Good bread, flesh, flour for eating, hoteps, 11,220.

2 Good bread, flesh, flour for eating, 9845.

3 Good bread, flesh, flour, plates for the Chief (of the
temple), 3720.

4 Good bread for divine offerings, baskets of gold full, 375.

5 Good bread for divine off'erings, baats, 62,540.

6 Good bread for divine offerings, /^rj, 106,792.

' For ta en hanuii, bread in shape of a phallus, see Brugsch, UTorterbuch
1534-

' A quantity, perhaps "basket."

' Or baskets; the character being either tiia "basket," or mil; "gold,"
the hoteps may be also baskets.

ANNALS OF RAMESES III. 45

7 Good bread of white flour for divine offerings, pyramids,
13,020.

8 Good bread, great loaves for food, 6200.

9 Good bread, ornamental pastry, 24,800.

10 Good bread, biscuits, 16,665.

11 Good bread, great loaves, 992,750.

12 Good wheaten bread, loaves, 13,340.

13 Good bread, white pyramidal loaves for offering, 572,000.

14 Good bread, pyramidal loaves, 46,500.

15 Good bread, buns kohista,' 441,800.

PLATE 18a.

1 Good bread for offering, 127,400.

2 Kiki, white pyramidal loaves, 116,400.

3 Good bread, cakes, 262,000.

4 Total of good bread, different loaves, 2,844,357.

5 Fine flour, sacks tciiitem, 444.

6 Flour, ephas apt, 48,420.

7 Fine flour, ephas apt, 28,200.

8 Meal, jars, tut,^ 3,130.

9 Spirit, ai/ip/ionc, 2,210.

10 Spirit, earthen jugs, 310.

11 Wine, aiiiplioric, 39,510.

12 Total spirits and wine, ajtiphorcc, 42.030.

13 Beer, various hins, 219,215.

14 Sweet balsam,' amphoric, 93.

15 Sweet balsam, or oil hins, hannu, 1,100.

PLATE 1 8b.

1 Wliite incense, amphoric, 62.

2 Incense ephas, apt various, 308,093, amounting to*

' Keluskla of the Eg-yptians, the Greek kallisteus, a painted cake or
kind of bread. See Pollux, Onomaslicon, Lauth, Zeilsch. f. agypt. Spr.
1S68, p. 91, (I.5).

' Tut either a Kalathos or jar. ' Bika, or " palm wine."

♦ Some weight omitted.

46 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

3 Incense for burning," amphora, il%.

4 Red balsam,' amphora, 31.

5 Oil, }ickh, a?nphorcB, 93.

6 Oil, kins, 110,000.

7 Honey, amphonc, 310.

8 White fat, amphora, 93.

9 Olive oil, amphora, 62.

10 Southern linen, ribbons, 155.

11 Southern linen, sashes, 31.

12 Linen coloured, covers or cushions, 31.

13 Coloured straps, 44. Total, 261.

14 Wax, ten, 3100.

15 All good fruit, sacks, 620.

16 All kinds of good fruits, pints, 620.

PLATE 19a.

1 All fruit, hoteps, 559,500.

2 Fruit, baskets, 98,550.

3 Figs for work people, ephas, 310.

4 Figs for work people, weighed, 1410.

5 Figs, bunches, 55.

6 Figs in ephas, 15,500.

7 Figs, pints, 310.

8 Flax, hanks, 3100.

9 Taas, or ta s'heps, plants, hoteps, 220.

10 Taas, or ta s'heps, fruit, bunches, 155.

11 Sesamum, hoteps, 1550.

12 Shamaten, corn, bushels, 620.

13 Khignna, bushels, 310.

14 Khignna, grapes, 6200.

15 Grapes, mesta,^ 117.

16 Grapes, pints, 1550.

' Sika " to light," " to burn."
' Or, " palm wine." s " Bunch.'-

ANNALS OF RA:iIESES III. 47

PLATE 19b.

1 Southern /«- corn, bushels, 8985.

2 GrajiL's, sacks, 620.

3 Papyrus sandals, 15,210.

4 Salt, measures, 15 15.

5 Salt, bricks, 69,200.

6 Natron, bricks, 75,400.

7 Dresses, pieces, 150.

8 Flax, Jc/'xA' 265.

9 Water reeds, bundles, 3270.

10 \\'riting reeds, bundles, 4200.

11 Leather sandals, pairs, 3720.

12 Doum dates in ephas, 449,500.

13 A/ii/nri/nia," in ephas, a/>/, 15,500.

14 Ahihaniaa, pcrira, 1240.

15 Olives, pints, 310.

16 Earthen jars of water, 9610.

PLATE 20a.

1 Papyrus seeds in ejjhas, (?//j-, 3782.

2 Dates in ephas, 930.

3 Cows, 419.

4 Heifers, 290.

5 Bulls, 18.

6 Steers, 28 1.

7 Young bulls, 3.'

8 C'ahes, 740.

9 Buffaloes, ig.*

10 Cattle, 1 1 12.

11 Total of all sorts of cattle, 2892.

12 Deer of the antelope leucorj-x, i.

13 Antelopes, 54.

' "Broken."
Supposed to be dried grapes, raisins. ' Tcr^a, taurus, '

* Tepu so called from their blowing.

48 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

14 Ibex goats, i.

15 Dorcas goats, 81.

16 Total, 137.

17 Total of all sorts of cattle, 3029.

PLATE 20b.

1 Geese,' living, 6820.

2 Geese, yna' (living), 1410.

3 Geese, living, 1534.

4 Cranes,' living," 150.

5 Ducklings, living, 4060.

6 Water-fowl, living, 25,020.

7 Turtle doves, living, 57,810.

8 Birds, living,' 21,700.

9 Geese, living, 1240.

10 Pigeons,Miving, 6510.

11 Total, various fowl, 126,250.

1 2 Earthen jars,' of water having wooden wells ' filled with
fish, 440.

13 Fresh fish, 2200.

14 Shced fish, 15,500.

15 Salted ukas'' fish, 15,500.

PLATE 2 1 a.

1 Prepared fish, 441,000.

2 Plants worked as flowers in screens, 124.

3 Tall nosegays of plants, 3100.

4 Plants worked in fragrant flowers in baskets, 15,500.

5 Waterflowers '° in ephas, 124,351.

' Some read " fat." ' The Chen or Chenalopex, of the Greeks.

' Tau the Grushcinerea. * Or pairs throughout.

s Pat.

^ The bird or nestling" of heaven.

^ Karhu are the modern gooleh of the Arabs.

3 Kar she xmuiy having wood or tree.

5 UkaSj linire anointing oil. See ChampoUion, Mon. Eg. Text. Descf., p. 479.

'° The j4si was a marsh flower, or kind of lotus-

ANNALS OF RAMESES III. 49

6 Flower cro\vns, 60,450.

7 Flower buds,' 620.

8 Blue flower, chains, 12,400.

9 Flowers, handfuls, 46,500.

10 Flowers, tdmers, no.

11 Lotus, handfuls, 144,720.

12 Lotus nosegays, 3410.

13 Lotus, handfuls, 1 10,000.

14 Papyrus tufi, nosegays, 68,200.

15 Papyrus tufi, handfuls, 349,000.

PLATE 2 lb.

1 Great nosegays, ah, made of flowers, 19,150.

2 Palm branches,' 65,480.

3 Palm cuttings,^ 3100.

4 Fodder, tdincr, 2170.

5 Fodder trusses, 770,200.

6 Waterflowers, handfuls, 128,650.

7 Corn, nosegays, 11,000.

8 Straw, handfuls, 31,000.

9 Vegetable, nosegays, 1,975,800.

10 Vegetables, hotcps, 1,975,800.

11 The addition to it of the 2756 statues and hearts
besides those which were before.

12 Good gold, silver, /<•//, 18,252, kat, 1^.

13 Real stones and other stones, tm, 18,214, ^'^^, 3-

14 Black metal,' and white metal, lead and (tin),'/t7?, 112,132.

15 Cedar as/t wood, various trees, 328.

16 Persea wood, various trees, 4415.

' Karu huta. ' Matau. ' Hajik.

* Baa or " bronze," the Eg-yptians had no brass ; the metal baa is said
to be " black," "white," and the "colour" of gold.

* Tehj, an unknown metal, often mentioned with these mixed metals.

VOL. VI. 5

50 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

PLATE 2 2.

1 Rejoice on what that god has assented to thee Amen the
bull of his mother, the Ruler of the Thebaid," thou
wilt let me approach, save thou me, conducted in peace

2 that I may be reposing in Ta-ser like the gods, be
associated to the perfect spirits of Manu' who are be-
holding thy beams at the morning.

3 Hear my prayer my Father, my Lord, may I be one of
the company of the gods who is with thee. Crown my
Son as King in the place of Atum, make him

4 a powerful hero, living Lord of the Lands, King of
Upper and Lower Egypt Lord of the two Lands, Ra-
USER-MA approved of Amen, the living, Son of the Sun,
Lord of diadems, Rameses the true Ruler, beloved of
Amen,' the living, the substance '

5 proceeding from thy limbs. Thou art leading him to
be King. He is a boy, appoint him for living Ruler, over
the country, and over mortals, and let him reign for
millions of years,

6 and all his time appointed with health and power,* place
thy crown on his head, seated on thy throne, the two
ursei on his brow, may his divinity make

7 him beyond* all Kings, his greatness like thy Chieftain-
ship as Lord of the Nine bows,' make his limbs grow as a
boy daily ° thou art a buckler behind' him

* Uas, the district of Thebes, especially W. Thebes or Medinet Habit.
' Region of the sea or ocean.

' Names and titles of Rameses IV.

* Essence, mai the sperme, semen.

' Or, "perfect in welfare and health."
' Or, "greater than all king-s."

' Western Barbarians, a. kind of Enneapolis or confederation of nine
tribes.

* " Make his limbs youthful as a child continually.''

' Ua lefi, an ambiguous expression; bucklers are generally held
" before," though they were sometimes worn by Egyptians on their backs.

ANNALS OF RA^rESES III. 51

8 daily, make his sword and his mace ' powerful over the
Eastern foreigners, fallen at the fear of him as to Baal.'
He may enlarge his frontiers at his wish.

9 Terrified (are) all lands and countries at his approach.
Make Tameri ' rejoiced. Defeat all the evil, enemies
and all assaulters :

10 grant him to be estabUshed in heart, resolute in heart,
music, song, and dance before his beautiful face, give
the love of him in the heart of the gods and goddesses,
the delight and the reverence of him

1 1 in the hearts of men. Fulfil the good things which
thou toldest * me on earth for my son who is upon my
throne. Allow him it to transmit ' his

12 kingdom to the son of his son, be thou to them for
defence answering for them. They are to thee as servants
are, their eyes are upon thee making the glories '

PLATE 23.

1 of thy person for ever and ever. Conduct them, make
them continually religious. Thy words they are stable as
brass.

2 Assignest' thou to me a rule of 200 years make them for
my son who is on earth ; prolong

3 his duration of life beyond all Kings in return for the
merits" which I have done to thy person. What the
King does through thy order

4 thou crownest it;' do not undo' what thou hast done.
O Lord of the gods make the Nile overflow'" in his
days to

' Or "club," it is however a wooden weapon.
° Baal and Astarte are the chief g-ods of the Phoenicians.
' Northern Egypt. * Or, " promised.''

' Literally, "let" or "be it that he may connect or tie his kingdom."

* Xn, or " glorious actions."
' A change of person as in Sallier Papyrtis. * " Let it succeed."

' Or, " may it not retrocede " or " be brought back."
'° "A great powerful inundation."

52 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

5 supply his kingdoms with plenty of food. Let the Chiefs
the molesters of Egypt laden

6 on their backs come to his noble palace, the King, the
Lord of the two worlds, the Ra-user-ma, approved of
Amen, the living, Son of the Sun, Lord of Diadems,
Rameses the true Ruler, beloved of Amen, the livmg."

PART IL— HELIOPOLIS.

PLATE 24.
Coloured plate representing the king standing in adoration
before the gods of Heliopolis, Haremakhu, Tum, Nausaas,
and Athor Nebhetep.

PLATE 25.

1 The adorations, glorifications, prostrations commending
the merits' which the King, the Sun abounding in truth,
beloved of Amen, the living, the great god, made

2 to his father Tum, Lord of the two countries of An, to
Ra-Harmakhu, to Nausaas, to Nebthetp, and all the
gods of An. Said the King, abounding in truth, beloved
of Amen, the great god

3 adoring his father that noble god, Tum Lord of the two
lands of Annu, Ra-Harmakhu. Glory to thee, Oh Ra,
Tum universal Lord, creator of those who are, rising

4 in the heaven, illuminating this world with his rays, the
hidden, and those in the West turn their face to thee,
they rejoice at the sight of thy beauty, all persons are
delighted at

5 thy appearance, thou hast made heaven and earth, thou
hast made me King on the two lands the living Ruler
on thy great throne thou hast handed over to me the
whole lands to

' Rameses IV. ' " Glorious actions."

ANNALS OF RAMESES III. 53

6 the circle of the Sun's orb ; they are afraid falling pros-
trate at my name as they are at thy name, approaching
to offer numerous mighty presents

7 to thy house. I have caused to be carved thy enceinte
in the house of Ra, filling thy treasury with the things of
the lands of Kami ' loading its granaries with grain and
barley,

8 they were going to stand still since these are Kings. I
formed a statue of thy known form, I placed it in the
shrine which is in thy divine house, I made directions for
the

9 priests who are in the house of Ra, I gave the divine
allowances of food more than were before,

10 I made An to be pure to the circle of its gods. I built
its temples which were gone to decay. I sculptured their
gods in their secret shapes, of gold silver and all
precious stones, an eternal work.

11 I made thee a grand house, within thy temple, firm as
heaven, having the orb of the Sun before thee, founded
with sandstone laid on granite, car\ed munificently '

PLATE 26.

1 in good work, remaining on thy name. It is a great
secret horizon, of Harmachis, the great seat of gold, the
bolts of katmcr, tliy mother reposing

2 in it. She is rejoiced, satisfied with its view. I provided
it with recruits of my foundation, utensils, fields, cattle
without number.

3 I made to thee great statues in Pa-Ra of granite stone,
figures of TuM, tliey are in great images, benevolent in
(their,) conveyance,

4 reposing on their seat for the eternity in thy great,

" Eg-ypt.
° S-mmx, " doings it liberally " or " generously," mcn\ em art, " perfect
work," as in the inscriptions of the Hatasu obelisk.

54 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

splendid, favoured court, engraved with thy divine name,
hke the heaven.

5 I made to thee splendid ornaments of good gold with
meh, with real lapis lazuli, real turquoises. I let thy
body be set up in the great house, glorifying thy dignity

6 in thy strong seat. My noble limbs protect by yearly
gifts thy great beloved image.

7 I made to thee a secret chapel of ^a-stone, Tum,
Tefnut reposing in it, the bolts on it of brass covered

8 with gold, engraved with the great name of Thy
Majesty for the eternity.

9 I made to thee great scrolls for the use of thy temple
remaining in the library of the land Mera' making the
stands to hold (them) graved with the chisel, remaining
to thee for the eternity without diminution.

ro I made to thee a splendid balance of electrum, it was
not made anything like it since the time of the god,
Thoth sitting above it as the master of balance

II as a great splendid baboon of gold in skilful work,
weighing in it before thy face, supplying thee with gold,
silver as hundred thousands, conveyed as tributes

PLATE 27.

1 before thee in their trunks given to thy splendid
treasury in Pa-Tum. I added to it offerings continually
to provide its altars every morning.

2 I made to thee apartments for opening on festivals
building (them) on holy ground in the land of An, of
divine work. I filled them with good slaves of selection,
corn to ten thousands to provide them.

3 I made to thee a holy apartment with offerings increasing
those which were before so long as Kings are. I suppHed
them with all things without deficiency to provide the
circle of thy gods on the morning.

' Northern Egypt.

ANNALS OF RAMF.SP^i III.

4 I made to thee an apartment of sacrifices in thy theatre
full of offerings, numerous gifts with great sacrifices on
gold and silver to present them to thy form Oh Lord of
gods. I furnished them,

5 I completed them with corn and barley the spoil which
I brought from the Nine bows. They are to thy form,
Oh unique god who made heaven and earth. .Multiplied
are the yearly festivals before thee.

6 I made to thee stables containing young oxen, apart-
ments to bring up fowls anew with geese and ducks.

7 I let be purified the divine lakes of thy house. I removed
all evil which was on them. They increased after their
plan since the time of the creation of earth. Thy gods
are satisfied and rejoiced with them.

8 I gave sliethu and vines to be conveyed to the land of
An thy strong secret seat, orchards, meatlows, nurseries
anew, the Lords of the land of life live upon them.

9 I made to thee large gardens provided with their trees,
with s/iethu, vines in the house of Tum. The circle of
gods of Hek-kes,' enjoys the festivals to satisfy thy
beauty daily.

10 I made to thee lands of olives in thy town An. I pro-
vided them with gardeners, numerous people for making
pure first-rate oil of Egypt to burn the lamps in thy
splendid abode.

11 I made to thee alleys and woods with acacias and dates,
lakes provided with lotusses, papyrus, asi flowers, flowers
of every land, tdiiicr, aas, khant, odoriferous for thy
fine face.

12 I made to thee new grounds with ■p^rtsherat.'' I multi-
plied their fields which were diminished to multiply the
sacrifices with all things for thy great, splendid and
beloved name.

' Name of Heliopolis. " Com or barley.

56 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

PLATE 28.

1 I made to you numerous fields on the islands a new in
the Southern and Northern district as ten thousands,
made for them tablets inscribed with thy name. Thou
remainest in the scrolls to the eternity.

2 I let be filled the cage with birds. I let be brought an
aviary' to thy town An for offering them to thy form, father
Ra. Convey to the circle of thy gods who is in thy company.

3 I made to thee a treasury guard bringing their yearly
works to thy splendid treasury.

4 I made to thee a hunting guard to bring antelopes to
offer them to thy form on all festivals.

5 I gave to thee boatmen and carters of people of my
foundation to load the product of the lands, the income
to bring them in ship to the treasury in Pa Ra to multiply
thy offerings for millions of times.

6 I gave slaves for the service of thy harbour to serve the
harbour on thy strong seat

7 I made watchmen from slaves provided with men to
serve and protect thy theatre.

8 I made slaves of the service for the use of thy harbour,
the service of thy holy grain for thee in the same manner.

9 I made to thee granaries full of corn, what was gone
backwards, became to millions.

10 I made to thee statues of fabricated gold reaching the
earth before thee with offerings. I made others in the
same manner of pure silver to satisfy thy eminence in
every time.

Ill made a great inner hall on thy theatre with vessels of
gold and silver for skethu' provided with offerings in
numerous things to present them to thy form, Oh great
prince.

' Not exactly an aviary, but a vivarium for birds and other animals.
" Spirits.

ANNALS OF RAMESES III. 57

12 I made to thee vessels for water without number of
silver and gold with meh ' inscribed on thy name, per-
fuming-pans, jars, large baskets, jugs, cans, numerous
pots to convey them to

13 thy face with water aqd wine. The circle of thy gods is
satisfied and joyed at them.

PLATE 29.

1 I made to thee ships of burthen equipped with crews to
bring the things of Taneter" to thy treasury and thy store
house.

2 I made for thee, and built the house of Horus in front
of the temples, building its precincts which were ruined.

3 I let be planted for thee, the noble wood which is
within it, placing meadows and papyrus within the fields.
It was going to rest since before.

4 I gave thee to plant, the pure wood of thy divine abode,
I put it in its proper place, which was bare, I provided
it with gardeners to plant it, to water the shethu in the
place which is known.

5 I gave to thee great festiwils of thy front court more
than what was before since there were kings, prepared with
young cattle, goats of the hill, oil, frankincense, and honey,

6 fermented liquors, wine, gold, silver, royal linen, numerous
clothes, vegetables, and all flowers for thy handsome face '

7 I made thee great festivals in the temple of Hapi;' all
the company of the gods strives to appear in the festival.

8 I made thee a grand house on the North of An, con-
structed of eternal work, engraved in thy name, the house'
of millions of years of Rameses, Ruler of An, the living,
in the house of Ra, in the North of An,' I provided it

' Gems. ° Northern Arabia.

' This epithet is contrasted with " terrible face " of Chnum.

* The Nile. ' Or " temple."

' Tel-el-N'ahoudeh, the remains of this temple existed till very lately.

58 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

with men and things to be led to thy house, and gardens

having flowers for thy front court.
9 I made for thee herds of cattle making it glorious,

prepared with numerous cattle without number, given as

an offering' to thy form in all thy festivals, I doubled

their progeny which were to thy name.
10 I gave to thee herds for thy noble house to supply thy

divine abode with numerous supplies, " the herds of

Rameses, the Ruler of An, the living, multiplied and

placed in the house of Ra," filling them with beasts, and

keepers also, never to fail for thy person,
ir I gave to thee masons, builders and carvers to carve

thy noble house, to restore thy abode.
1 2 I made for thee " the house of Rameses, the Ruler of

An, the living, in the house of Ra " provided with men and

things like the sand.

PLATE 30.

1 I made for thee the great Western abode, and lake of
thy mother Nausaas the Ruler of An.

2 I let thee have sacred possession of numerous families,
bringing their sons to thy house, transporting others.'

3 I made to be raised for thee black cattle, and great
bulls, pure without blemish in the fields.

4 I made large boats for thy great daughters Nausaas,
Nebhetp the choice in An

5 of cedar, of nara, the head of khentesh wood, they were
plated with gold, like a boat of millions of years.

6 Lo their registers,' before thee. Oh My Father Lord, to
let the circle of thy gods see my merits.*

' Or " to offer them."

' Or " the prey of foreigners."

' Sehuu, "assembly," or " review." ^ Or "glorious deeds."

ANNALS OF RAMESES III. 59

PLATE 31.

1 The register of the things, of the cattle, gardens,
orchards, fields, boats, store houses, cities which the King,
beloved of Amen, the living, the great god, gave

2 his noble father Tum, Lord of the two lands of An, Ra,
Harmakhu, as possessions for ever and ever :

3 The house of Rameses, Ruler of An, the living, in the
house of Ra under the authority," of Ur.ma' Chiefs with
all things, heads 1485.

4 The men he gave to the house of Tum, Lord of the
two lands of An, Ra Harmakhu, who are in the
dominion of the temple under his authority 4583.

5 Those of the temple of Rameses, Ruler of An, the
living and well, in the house of Ra on the North of An,
under the authority of the Scribe and Chief Constructor
Pa-ra-hotep prepared with all its things 2177.

6 " The new place of the palace of life and health"' which
is in that place under the authority of the Scribe, the
Chief Constructor, Tetimes, Chiefs 1779.

7 The new place * of Rameses the Ruler of An, the living,
and well ' the life of the two lands which is under the
authority of the Scribe, the Chief of the Constructors,
Har-ai 247.

8 The officers, children, chief Mariiiin'' Apcnii'' and
established men who are in that place 2093. Total
heads 12,963.

PLATE 32a.

1 The different cattle, 45,544.

2 Ciardens and orchards, 64.

' Literally " the stick." ' Compare the word Ulema.

' The Pharaoh.

^ Or "shore.'' ^ Some read '* may he live for ever."

' Title of Syrian chiefs or people.

' The word supposed to be Hebrews.

6o RECORDS OF THE PAST.

3 The fields, acres," 160,084 y^ %.

4 The store places of cedar and acacia wood, 5 3^ .

5 Transport vessels, boats, 3.

6 Towns of Kami,' 103.

7 The required property of the work people of the house
of Rameses, Ruler of An, the living, in the house of Ra,'

8 those of the house of Rameses, Ruler of An, the living,
in the house of Ra on the North of An, the temples and
herds of that house

9 under the power of the Chiefs, in their yearly tribute
10 the silver, ten, 586, kat, 3^ i^.

PLATE 32b.

1 Bronze, ten, 1260.

2 The royal linen, the common linen,* the better Southern
linen, the good Southern linen, the Southern Scribe '
cloths, various, 1019.

3 The divine incense, honey, oil, various jars, 482.

4 Spirits of wine and wine, various jars, 2385. •

5 Silver in things for the use' of the men for divine
offerings, te?i, 456, kat, 3^.

6 Com of the produce of the husbandmen, bushels, 77,100.

7 Green herbs, bundles, 4800.

8 Hemp, trusses, 4000.

9 Fowl, the produce of the fowlers, and netters, 37,465.

10 Oxen, heifers, various calves, cattle of kat,'' number of
herds, 98.

1 1 Ducks, by purchase, 547.

12 Cedar barks, i.

13 Acacia boats of burthen and transport, 7.

" Or ** cubits square."

' Egypt. ^ Heliopolis. * Maku.

' Or " coloured."

» Or, " the work, already used." ' Or, "weight."

ANNALS OF RAMESES III. 6 1

14 The property of Ut ' in numerous reckonings for the
sacred support.

PLATE 33a.

1 The gold, silver, real lapis lazuli, real turquoise, precious
gems, black brass, and royal linen, mixed linen. Southern
linen. Southern Scribe ' cloth,

2 perfumes, all the property which the

3 King, the Ra-user-ma, beloved of Amen, the living, the
great god, gave as tribute to the living Lord, Tum, Lord of
the lands of An, Ra, and Harmakhu,

4 from the first to the 31st year : 31 years.

5 Good gold of his land, gold of the balance, ten, 1278,
kat, 9 yi

6 the pure gold, choice gold, white gold' in vases and
ornaments, ten, 198, kat, 3'-^.

7 Total of gold, ten, 1479, '^'''^' 3-

8 Silver of its land of the balance, silver vases, ten, 1891,
kat, Yi.

9 Silver beaten plates i, making ten, 394.

10 Total of silver ten, 2255, kat, y^..

1 1 Total of gold and silver, ten, 3734, kat, 3^.

12 Real lapis stones, i, making ten, i, kat, i.

13 Lapis and turquoise scarabs of large size, 36.

14 Black bronze of the balance, ten, 67, kat, 3.

15 Bronze beaten plates, 2, making ten, 400, kat, 3.

PLATE 33b.

1 Bronze vases, ten, 141 6, kat, i.

2 Total of bronze te7i, 18 19, kat, i.

3 Royal linen, mixed' hnen, good South linen, South
linen coloured cloths, various, 18,793.

' Supposed to have been the lake Mareotis.
■ Or "coloured." ' Electrum. * Maku.

62 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

4 Perfumes, ten, 1787.

5 Perfumes, bushels, 2.

6 Incense, or gum trees, 10.

7 Balls' of incense, or gum in ephas 100.

8 Frankincense, oil, honey, cosmetics, various, 3740.

9 Spirits, wine, various jars, 103,550.

10 Frankincense preparations,' 530.

11 Frankincense, great ephas, 62.

12 Best manna of Punt,' ten, 300.

13 Steatite signets tipped with gold, 11.

14 Alabaster, to?, 50.

PLATE 34a.

1 Green felspar, ten, 50.

2 Jasper, ten, 200.

3 Stone of iron haematite, table,* i.

4 Steatite signets, 200.

5 Crystal, and gem pieces, various, ten, 2195.

6 Crystal carved, /u'n, 10.

7 Crystal beads, 22,450.

8 (Figs) and tasheps, bunches, 17.

9 Fig tree, ten, 2000.

10 Barley of Khara,' bushels, 5.

1 1 Linum* seed, bushels, 5.

12 Tree or wood for making a galley, 31.

13 A mulberry' and ebony wand, i.

14 Wood for making the beam of a balance, i.

15 Acacia wood bram,^ of 4 cubits, i.

' Or, "seed," "fruit."
" Karutuka, Coptic sjors, ' S.W. Arabia-

* Aners en hai i.
' Syria, or the Syrian coast. " Or "flax."

' Mera, or sycamore. * Ssnatem wood.

ANNALS OF RAMESES III. 63

PLATE 34b.

1 Stripped Persca wood, of 2 cubits, i.

2 The mulberry chair of a balance, of 3 ells, 4 palms, i.

3 Wooden root of the akana of a bin, i.

4 Land of olives laid out i, making 53^ acres.

5 Vineyards of all trees proper, 2.

6 Corn for the sacred supplies of the festivals of the
heaven, and the annual festival which added

7 the King Ra-user-ma, beloved of Amen, the living, the
great god, to his noble father Tum, Lord of the land of
An, Ra Harmakhu,

8 in addition the stores continually increasing which the
living Lord doubled those which were before

9 from the first year to the 31st year making 31 years,
measures, 97,624,

10 the offerings to the sacrifices which were added by the
King, Ra-user-ma, beloved of Amen, the living, the great
god, to that house

1 1 in addition to the sacrifices which were at first, year by
year, commencing in his 9th year continuing to his 31st
year making 23 years.

1 2 Good bread offered to the great house of gold 460.

13 Good bread in shape of a phallus, sacks, 460.

PLATE 3Sa.

1 Good bread for offerings, great loaves,' 23,000.

2 Good bread, bushels of offerings, 80,500.

3 Good bread, cakes of the baker, 920.

4 Good bread, great cakes, 460,000.

5 Good bread, white pyramids for ofi'ering, 80,500.

6 Good bread, white pyramids high, 920,000.

7 Good bread, white pyramids, caps, 103,500.

8 Good bread, kalcs'ta, 34i5oo.

' Sacks.

64 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

9 Good bread, offering loaves, 80,500.

10 Bread select, white pyramids, 80,500.

11 Total good bread, loaves, various, 1,760,420.

12 Rations of food of bulls, 69,000.

13 Rations of barley, 11,500.

PLATE 35b.

1 Rations of food, flour, tafurata, 2875.

2 Food, flour small sacks, 46.

3 Beer, pints, 198,260.

4 Spirits, amphorce, painted, 1380.

5 Spirits, caabs, 2990.

6 Wine, amphorce, 16,100.

7 Total of spirits wine, amphorae and caabs, 20,470.

8 Cows, 966.

9 Heifers, 1886.

10 Bulls, 703.

11 Steers, 1242.

12 Calves, 1242.

13 Cattle, 591 1.

14 Total of cattle, various, 11,960.

15 Cows of the leucoryx, 230.

PLATE 36.

1 Living geese, 1150.

2 Living goshngs, 2300.

3 Living waterfowl, 13,800.

4 Total of (living) waterfowl, 17,250.

5 Honey, pints, 92.

6 Bright' frankincense, pots, 9200.

7 Frankincense, vases of cakes, 4500.

8 Frankincense white, pyramid, 450.

9 Frankincense, hoteps, 34,500.

' kahcrka, same word as "beaker," but with the determinative of
"festival "and "light."

ANNALS OF RAMESES III. 65

10 Frankincense baskets, 126,500.

11 Frankincense vases, 26,500.

1 2 Papyrus slips made for frankincense various cups ephas,

34,5°°-

13 Fruits, tet7fiers, 690.

14 Fruits, pints, 23,000.

15 Fruit, hoteps at first, 34,500.

PLATE 36b.

1 Fruit, hoteps, various, 1,150,000.

2 Fruit, taisara, 4600.

3 Fruit, baskets, 23,000.

4 Papyrus slips in ephas, various, 23,000.

5 Doum dates, hoteps, 4600.

6 Dates, pyramids, 4600.

7 Corn' kagas, flower kagas, bushels, 23,000.

8 Lotus, handfuls, 46,000.

9 Asi, various ephas, 483,000.

10 Ast, handfuls, 231,500.

1 1 Flower crowns, 46,000.

1 2 Papyrus, nosegays, 483,000.

PLATE 37a.

1 Papyrus, great pools, 6900.

2 Reeds, bushels, 92,000.

3 Asi, titis^ 69,000.

4 Wax in cups, apt, 26,500.

5 Dates, mata, 241,500.

6 Milk, pints, 8600.

7 Curds of milk, handfuls, 92,000.

8 Flower nosegays, 1,150,000.

9 Flowers, hoteps, 1,150,000.

10 Herbs, hoteps, 4600.

11 Leaves oi atennika^ 92,000

' Pro, or "fruit of." ' An unknown measure.

' Melons or cucumbers.

VOL. VL *

6'6 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

12 Firewood, trees, 11,500.

13 Charcoal, mcser^ 2300.

PLATE 37b.

1 Offerings for the books of the god Nile, which he added
anew in the house of the Nile the father of the gods

2 together with the registers of the Nile which are
appointed in the pool ' of Kabh, in the temple of Ra and
Harmakhu,

3 the books of the Nile which are appointed in the temple
of Anup, Lord of Sapt, in Nerau, besides the things which
were before

4 from year to year from the first year to the 31st year
makes 31 years.

5 The books of the Nile which the King Ra-user-ma,
beloved of Amen, the living, the great god, augmented
8 years, making 31 years.

6 The books of the Nile 272, making

7 Good bread for divine offerings, various cakes, 470,000.

8 Good bread for divine offerings, biscuits, pyramids, rings,
879,224.

9 Food various, ephas, 106,910.

10 Corn heaps, offerings of bread, 46,568.

n Beer, hins various, 49,432.

12 Corn, bushels, 61,172^^.

13 Cows, 291.

14 Heifers, 17.

PLATE 38a.

1 Calves, 51.

2 Bulls, 2564. Total, 2923.

3 Goats, 1089.

4 Geese, 192.

5 Living geese, and stubble geese, klim, 3938.

' Bundles. ° Or the well of the Nilometer at Elephantine.

ANNALS OF RAMESES III. 67

6 Closlings, 364.

7 Waterfowl, 2653.

8 Doves, 68.

9 Various birds, 19,928.

10 Total of various fcv/!, 27,143.
n Spirits, caa/is, 209.

12 Wine, atnphora, 7154.

13 Fresh fat, gills, 3513, each of ^ hin, makinj; /lins, 024;,^.

14 Onions, gills, 12.712.

I'LATE 38b.

1 Cifapes, gills, 12,712.

2 Natron, pots, 12,712.

3 Dry dates, pots, 11,872.

4 Gums, pots, 11,872.

5 Green paint, pots, 11,872.

6 Stihiuni, pots, 11,872,

7 Frankincense, censers, 848.

8 Frankincense, spers, 424.

9 Frankincense, pots 87,344, making dr\- frankinceiue,
ten, 23,008.

10 Incense, baskets, 6420.

11 Incense, pots, 2568.

12 Incense, pots, 1304.

13 Fresh incense, hins, 85.

14 Oil, hins, 85.

15 Flower or fruit, jars, 254,240.

PL.Vl'K 3v

1 Fruit, baskets, 2572.

2 Fruit, jars, 154,672.

3 Grapes, jars, 11,872.

4 Gni|)cs, twigs, 11,872.

5 Heads of fruit, pints, 9600.

6 Honey, puka measures, 20,800 jars, each a ^ hin, making
5200 hins.

68 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

7 Honey, jars 1040, each i hin jars, making hins, 1040.

8 Honey for food, hins 7050, ma 25.

9 Fresh fat for food, hins 1419, ma 25.

10 Tas wood, logs, -3036.

1 1 Ointments, pots 848, each of J^ hin, making hins 424.

12 Ointment, jars 3036, ad ^, making him 758.

13 (Shelled beans), pots, 11,998.

PLATE 40a.

1 Sgep,]zx%, 11,872.

2 Sgep in bushels, 106,000.

3 Tenruka in bushels, 106,000.

4 Fodder, trusses, 159,000.

5 Fodder, loads, 11,872.

6 Pints of water, 71,200.

7 6'/^a/ flowers, bunches, 43,900.

8 Fresh flour, pints, 4240.

9 Fresh sweet scented flowers, 106,000.

10 Milk and dates, dishes, 11,872.

1 1 Paint, jars, 1 2,040.

12 Milk, jars, 12,040.

13 Milk in hins, 198.

14 Anhamaa' in apts, 99,000.

1 5 Teph fruit, karahuta measures, 848.

PLATE 40b.

1 Asi flowers, tetmers, 848.

2 Asi flowers, handfuls, 8480.

3 Flower crowns, 43,640.

4 Vine twigs, handfuls, 74,000.

5 Plants, processional nosegays, 114,804.

6 Plants, hoteps, 114,804.

7 Gold figures of the Nile, misa' 6784.

8 Silver figures of the Nile, nusa, 6784.

' Raisins.
' This word is a variant of Nusa in the statistical tablet of Karnak
signifying a weight for metals, 2 te)}s.

ANNALS OF RA.MESES III. 69

9 Real lapis lazuli figures of the Nile, misa, 13.56S.

10 Real turquoise figures of the Nile, imsa, 13,568.

11 Iron figures of the Nile, nusa, 6784.

12 Bronze standing figures of the Xile, nusa, 67S4.

13 Lead figures of the Xile, iiusa, 67S4.

14 Tin figures of the Nile, nusa, 6784.

15 White meiia stone figures of the Xile, nusa, 6784.

PLATK 41a.

1 j\fd/ni statues of the Xile, nusa, 6784.

2 Alabaster (gesnict) statues of the Xile, nusa, 6784.

3 (Ircen filspar statues of the Xile, nusa, 67S4.

4 Alabaster (gcsi) statues of the Xile, nusa, 6784.

5 Jasper statues of the Xile, nusa, 67S4.

6 Carnelian stone statues of the Xile. nusa, 67S4.

7 Kcnem statues of the Xile, nusa, 6784.

8 Stibium statues of the Xile, nusa, 6784,

9 ^<?////;- statues of the Xile, nusa, 6784.

10 7}/;- stone statues of the Xile, nusa, 6784.

11 Bronze statues of tlie Xile, nusa, 6784.

12 Different gems, ////J(7, 13,568.

13 Crystal signets. 10,196.

14 Cr\stal necklaces, 10,196.

15 Crs'stal shaslia fragments. 10,196.

PLATE 41b.

1 Sycamore statues of the Xile, 5096.

2 S\i amore figures of the goddess Rep.\, the wife of the
Xile, 5098.

3 Linen tunics, 10,196.

4 Stone ornaments, 31.650.

5 Logs of wood for burning, 510.

6 Charcoal, niascrs' 17.

PLATE 42.
I Complete to me the \alour which I gave thee oh father,

' An unknown measure.

70 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

I penetrate the great quarter like Osiris, may I receive
• the repose,' I coming forth before thee, I smell

2 the frankincense and the gums like the assembly of the
gods, may thy rays anoint my head daily, my soul lives, it
is seen at the head of the morning making

3 the wish of the heart of the noble father like I glorified
thy form, as I was on earth, listen to my vows that I may
do what I say, announce to the gods like the

4 men, favour my son as King, as Lord of the lands, may
he rule the two countries, like you as living Chief in the
land of Egypt "

5 Ra-user-ma approved of Amen, the living, thou hast
chosen to thee as heir, to magnify thy name, placing the
white crown and the divine Sekhemt crown on his head
as thou art crowned

6 on earth, as HoRUS, the Lord of Diadems, keep all his
limbs sound, let grow his time, his eye be strong to
regard millions of renewed love. May his time

7 on earth be like the meshei,^ arranged as the powerful
bull, leading the Upper and Lower country, give him the
Nine bow barbarians quite under his feet, they salute

8 his name, his sword over them. Thou thou hast begotten
him. He is a youth, thou hast nominated him for the Heir
apparent forthedouble throne of Seb saying he shall be King

9 on the throne of him who begat him, increase them
being firm and favoured, give him great kingdoms, elevate
very great festivals like (Ptai-i) Tatunan

ID the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, the Lord of the
Upper and Lower country, Ra-user-ma, approved of
Amen, living Son of the Sun, Lord of Diadems Rameses
true Ruler, beloved of Amen, the living.

■ Or " thy food." ' Ta Mera.

» The North-pole.

{To be Continued in Vol. VHL)

i
STELE OF THE CORONATION.

TRANSLATED BY

G. M AS P E R O.

T^HIS stele was found at Gebel-Barkal and brought
to Egypt by order of the Khedive: the inscription
was first analysed by Mariettc-lSc)' in the Rcvtw
Archt'ologiqiic, 1865, T. III., then translated and com-
mented upon by myself in the licviic Archcologiquc,
1873, T. I. The engraved text in Maricttc's Moiiii-
niciits Divers, T. I, pi. 9, contains some slight omissions
and errors which have been corrected b}- means of a
paper impression in the Muscc du Louvre.

This tablet rather unexpectedly confirms some
statements of Diodorus, Lib. Ill, 5, about the Egyptian
kingdom of I'Lthiopia ; it records at length the cere-
monial used at the election and coronation of an
Ethiopian king. The cartouches in it ha\'e been
purposely destroyed ; but the rest of the protocol
exists, and proves the king to have been Ramerka
Aspalut, the son of Queen Nensau. In the upper
part of the tablet, King Aspalut is represented as
kneeling before Amen-Ra. Behind the god, the
goddess

" MuT, I, ad)' of heaven,"
is represented as saying to the king

72 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

" I give thee all life and power, all health, all joy for
ever ! "
In front of the monarch, Queen Nensau is shaking
two sistra, and

1 Says the Royal Sister, Royal Mother, Queen of Kush
(Nensau) : " I came to thee Amen-Ra, Lord of the seats
of both lands, great god

2 (residing) in his shrine, the destroyer, the one who
giveth strength unto him who is obedient unto him, that
thou mayest establish firmly thy son whom thou lovest,

3 (Aspalut) ever-hving, upon the supreme seat of Ra, so
that he may be greater upon it,

4 than all (the gods) and all the goddesses ; multiply thou
his years of life upon (earth) like unto Aten ' in heaven,

5 give thou unto him life and power all from thyself,
health all from thyself, all joy from thyself, and the rising
upon Hor's seat for ever."

To which prayer Amen-Ra answers :

1 Says Amen of Napata : ' " My son beloved,

2 (Aspalut) ! I give thee the rising

3 of Ra, his sovereignty upon his seat !

4 I set the two crowns firmly upon thy head,

5 even as heaven is firm upon (its) four pillars !

6 Be living, be prospering, keep renewing thyself and
turning young again like Ra,

7 for ever ! May all lands, and all strange countries be
collected under

8 thy two sandals ! '"

' The god of the Solar Disk made into an heretical divinity in the time
of the XVII 1th dynasty, by Amenhotep IV., who took the name of Khuenaten.

° The Capital of the Ethiopian dynasty.

3 This is a commonly represented subject on the mummy cases of the
Rgyptian monarchs and officers of state.

STELE OF THE CORONATION.

1 The first year, the second month of Pert, the fifteenth,
under the Majesty of the HoRUS, splendour of the rising
(sun), Lord of Southern and Northern countries, splendour
of the rising (sun), the strong-hearted one, King of both
lands. Lord of both worlds (Ramerka), Son of the Sun,
Lord of diadems, (Aspalut), beloved by Amem-Ra,
Lord of the seats of both worlds, in Du-ab : Lo ! there
was

2 the whole host of His Majesty in the town called Dii-ab,
— the god who dwells in it, Dudun Khfnti-nowert' is
the god of Kush, — after the Hawk' had been laid to his

3 place ; ' and, lo ! there were officers after the heart of
His Majesty's host, six men ; and there were ofticers after
the heart of the Chancellor, six men ; and lo ! there were

4 wise men' after the heart (of the Head ^\'ise-man), six
men ; and, lo ! there were Magistrates and Chiefs of the
Signet-bearers of the Royal House, six men ; and they
said unto tlie whole host : " Let us go, that we may raise

5 a Lord for us who be like unto a young bull whom no
men dare to withstand 1" So this host mourned vcr)-
much, very much, saying ; " There is a Lord standing
amongst us, without our knowing him 1 O

6 may \vc know him I may we go under him ;* may we
serve unto him, even like both lands served unto Horus,
Son of Isis, after he sat upon the seat of his father
Osiris ! may we worship the two uraei

' Duduneii or Dudun residinsf in the land Xowert, viz., in Middle Nubia.
' The Hawk of Horus, the Emblem of the deity and therefore of
sovereignty.
' .^fter the late kincr had been buried.

' l/cr ti-t-ii, Literally, "superintendents of books," the royal magi.
^ Literally, *' enter under him."

74 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

7 of his crown ! " Then said each of them unto his mate:
" There is nobody knows him but Ra himself, may he
keep all evil from him in whatever spot he is in ! " Then
said

8 each of them unto his mate : " But Ra is down in the
land Ankhet,' and his diadem is in the midst of us.'' Then
said each of them unto his mate : " It is true ! since the
time

9 heaven was, since the royal crown was, Ra decreed ' to
give it unto his son whom he loves, so that the King be
an image of Ra amongst the living ; ' and has not Ra
put himself in this land, that this land may be in peace ? "
Then said

10 each of them unto his mate : " But Ra has he not gone
away to heaven, and is not his seat empty without a King,
together with all the beneficent exertions of his hands,
which he uses to give unto his son whom he loves,
because Ra knows, to wit, that (with their aid) the King
makes good laws upon his throne ! "

1 1 So this whole host mourned, saying : " There is a Lord
standing amongst us without our knowing him ! " Said
the host of His Majesty, exclaiming all with one mouth :
" Why ! there is this god, Amen-Ra, Lord of the seats of
both worlds, in Dfi-uab, who is the god of Kush. Let

12 us go to him ! Let us not tell a word in ignorance of him,
for it is not good the word told in ignorance of him ! Let
us put the case to the god who is the god of the kingdom
of Kush since the time of Ra, that he may lead us ! For

13 the kingdom of Kush is (a gift) of his hands, which he

' Ankhel, " The country of life," the West. The phrase signifies only
that the king-, identified with Ra, is dead and the throne is vacant.

' Literally, " A decree of Ra it is, since heaven was, since the royal
crown was, to give it, etc.

' Literally, " So that he be an image of Ra the king amongst the living."

STI-.LK OF THE CORONATIDM. 75

giveth unto his son whom he loveth. Let us make
adorations to his face, throw oursel\es upon our beUies,
and say to his face : Wc come to thee, Amen, give us our
Lord to vivify us, to build temples for the gods and
goddesses all of the Southern and Northern lands, to
make

14 offerings to them. W'e tell not a word in ignorance of
thee ; but thou art our lead, and may not a word be told
in ignorance of thee ! " Then said this host, the whole of
it: "A good word it is, in faith!-' a million of times.
When the Generals of His Majesty,

[5 together with \k\% Friends of the Royal J louse,' reached the
temple of Amkx, they found the Prophets and High-
Priests standing at the door of the temple. They said
unto them : " (We) come to the god Amex-JLv in Du-uab,
that he may give us our Lord to vivify us, to build
temples

16 for the gods and goddesses all of Southern and Northern
lands, to make offerings to them. We tell not a word in
ignorance of this god, for he is our leader." When the
Prophets and High-Priests entered the temple they did
all what was required to purify it, they poured libations
of water, \\-ine and [xrfumes unto it. When the Generals
of His Majesty cntercti the temple

17 together with the officers of the Royal House, they
threw themsel\'es upon their bellies before this god
saying: '' A\'e come to thee, Amen-R.\, Lord of the seats
of both worlds, in Du-uab, that thou mayest give us a
Lord to vi\ify us, to build temples for the gods of
Southern and Northern lands, to make offerings, and all
the munificent

18 exertions of thy hands, which thou givest unto thy son

' Semrrli~u iin pn-^utut. The "friends of the Royal House" are pro-
bahly the <^t^oi toO jSaaiAcois of which Diodorus speaks (Lib. 111., u. 7).

■J 6 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

whom thou lovest ! " Then they put the Royal Brothers
before this god, without his selecting one of them, but
when they put a second time the Royal Brother, son of
Amen, accepted as an infant by Mut, Lady of Heaven,
the son of Ra (Aspalut), ever-Kving, then, said this god

1 9 Amen-Ra, Lord of the seats of both worlds : " He is
the King your Lord, to vivify you. He is the builder of
all temples in Southern and Northern lands ! He is the
maker of offerings for them ! His father was the Son of
Ra . .' deceased, his mother, the Royal Sister,
Royal Mother, Queen of Kush,

20 Daughter of Ra (Nensau) ever-living, whose mother
was the Royal Sister, Divine Star of Amen-Ra, King of
the gods of Thebes, .... . , ' deceased, whose
mother was the Royal Sister . . ' deceased,
whose mother was the Royal Sister . . . . '
deceased, whose mother was the Royal Sister . . '
deceased, whose mother was the Royal Sister . . '

2 1 deceased, whose mother was the Royal Sister, Queen of
Kush, . ' deceased." He is your Lord." Then
the Generals of His Majesty, together with the officers of
the Royal House, threw themselves upon their beUies
before this god, and smelt the earth ' very much, very
much, and made acclamations to this god for

22 the power he gave unto his son whom he loves, the
King of Upper and Lower countries, (Aspalut) ever-
living. When His Majesty went in to appear before his
August father, Amen-Ra, Lord of the seats of both
worlds, he found all the crowns of the Kings of Kush

* Lacuna.

' All the names have been erased.

' To smell the earth, srn-to, is an Egyptian idiom signifying " to make
obeisance to," "to respect," "to congratulate." (Birch, Dictionary of
Hieroglijphics, p. 497, b.)

STELE OF THE CORONATION. 77

with all their sceptres put before this god. Said His
Majesty before this god :

23 " Come to me, .-Vmen-Ra, Lord of the seats of both
worlds in Dfl-uab ; give me all the beneficent virtues which
are not in my heart, that I may love thee. Give me the
crown that I may love thee, together with the sceptre."
Said the god : " There is for thee the crown of the
Royal Brother, Lord of Upper and Lower countries

.' deceased.

24 His diadem stands upon thy head as firmly as

stands upon thy head, and his sceptre is in thy grasp
overthro\ving all thy foes." Then His Majesty rose
(before Amen, put his crown upon his head), seized the
sceptre with his fist ; His Majesty threw himself upon his
belly before this god,

25 and smelt the earth very much, very much, saying :'
" Come to me, Amen-Ra, Lord of the seats of both
worlds, in DQ-uab . . .' " Grant me life, stability and
power all, health and joy all, even like unto Ra, for ever :
a good old age,

26 may he give it unto me . . . .

[The end of the royal speech is lost. The king asked to be
victorious over all his foes ;]

" (Grant me) that they (may come to me) bowini;. Grant
diat I may be loved throughout the land of Kush."

[To which prayer the god answered :]

27 "(I give thee) all the strange lands, the whole of them.
Thou shall even not have to say: 'O! that I may get
that!' for ever and ever.''

28 When (His Majesty) went out (of) the temple to his

' Lacuna.
' The common form of emphatic comparison in hierogrlyphic writing'.

78 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

host, like a (destroyer), his whole host rejoiced very
much, very much, shouting (and exulting, for) their heart
(was) happy for his sake, and they worshipped him,
saying :
29 " Come and put all strange countries (before us).

[To commemorate his coronation, king Aspalut founded
annual feasts, the description of which filled the last two lines.
After various items of loaves and offerings, he granted Amen
or his priests]

" one hundred and forty barrels of beer.''

THE INSCRIPTION OF

THE GOVERNOR NES-HOR,

IN THE LOUVRE.

SAITE DYNASTY.

PAUL PIERRET,

Conservateur- Adjoint.

A FINE statue in the Museum of the Louvre' repre-
sents a functionaiy of Apries, named Ncs-Hor, who
was governor of the southern provinces of Eg-3-pt.
He is kneehng and holds the effigy of the Triad which
was adored at the Cataracts. The pillar against which
his back leans, bears the following Inscription, from

' No. A 90, of the Catalog'ue.

8o RECORDS OF THE PAST.

which it is proved that this statue, now unfortunately-
denaturalized by a modern restoration, came from
the more ancient of the two temples of Elephantine,
now destroyed. The text of it has been faithfully
reproduced in Clarac, Royal Musemn of the Louvre,
No. 16^.

INSCRIPTION OF NES-HOR.

..." His Majesty hath placed him in a most high
dignity,
dignity of his eldest son, (as) Governor
of the regions of the South,'
5 to repulse from thence the rebellious communities.
He hath established his fear amongst the people of the

South
and hath driven them towards their mountains.
He hath sought the graces of his master,
10 the King Apries' whose favour was for (him) Nes-Hok,
surnamed (Psametik-Menkh,) son of (Aufrer,)*
born of the lady (Ta-tent-hor), truthful.
He says: "O Lord of the creating-ardor,
maker of gods and men, Khnum, Lord of Nubia,
15 Sati and Anouki;, Ladies of Elephantine !

' Half of the first column is blank.

' The title of" Prince of Ethiopia" is, in fact, usually given to the heir
to the crown. ,.

' Apries, Hophra, or Uahprahet as he is called in the hieroglyphic
inscriptions, was one of the petty king's of the Dodecarchy in the Saite
dynasty. He was the son of Psametik II by his aunt and mother the
Princess Neitaker. He conquered Cyprus and Phenicia taking the city of
Sidon by assault, and invited by Zedekiah king of Judah, came to his help
against Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon. His assistance was, however,
useless and only provoked an Assyrian invasion of the Delta of Egypt.
Uahprahet reigned twenty-five years, when he was dethroned by an insur-
rection among his subjects, strangled, and buried at Sais. His name has
been supposed to mean, " the Sun enlarges his heart."

* Tke same name, though not the same person, as the Hophra of
Hebrew Scriptures.

VOL. VI. 7

82 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

I am gladdened by your persons ; I adore your beauties ;

I am incapable of weariness in the act of loving your
persons ;

my heart is full of your persons . . .
20 I call to your mind what I have done for your dwellings.

I have rendered your temple splendid by silver vases,

oxen, geese sar, and geese apt, in great numbers,

of which I have constituted the feeding in their park,

as well as that of their Keepers, for ever and eternally ;
25 I have built their house in this locality.

I have made a gift of excellent wine

of the country of Aoun' and of the South, of wheat and of
beer

I have had your storehouse constructed anew,
30 in the great name of His Majesty.

I have given oil of the tree Tesheru,'

for the burning of the lamps of your temple.

I have given weavers, servants, tailors for the august
habiliment
35 of the great god and the gods of his cycle,

for whom I have built chapels in his temple ;

(these chapels) I have founded them for eternity

by order of the good god Apries, life-eternal.

Remember that I have made embellishments in your
40 dwelling,

in its centre. Let Nes-Hor perpetuate himself

in the mouth of the citizen, in recompense of that !

Let my name be placed in your dwelling,

that my person may be remembered after my existence.

' It was wine of Syria. The inscription of Amenemheb tells us that
Aoun was at the west of Halep or Aleppo.

■ Otherwise called "The Red Tree," from teshr, "red." The species
has not yet been identified.

INSCRIPTION OF NES-HOR. 83

45 Let my staUie be erected to perpetuate my name
and that it may not perish as if I were put
in a dwelling afflicted with the ark of the Amu,'
of the people of the North, of the Asiafics and the
profane . . .'
50 I have had a march made against the Shasu' of the upper
country, '

in the midst of them. The terror of His Majesty
was against the wicked act they executed
after having strengthened their heart in their design.
55 I have not let them advance quite into Nubia,

I have let them approach the jjlace where was His

Majesty
who hath made a great carnage amongst them."
The Governor of the South, Nks-Hor says : "O Prophets
60 and Priests

of this temple of Khnum, Lord of Nubia, of Sati and of

Anouke' . .'
you shall be favoured by your gods, your body will prosper

' j4amu, " People," an Egyptian word which was applied indiscrimi-
nately to tliL' yellow race, or any of the Semitic nations or tribes with whom
they were at war. It was derived from the Semitic noun am, which
means " people " also.

' Lacuna.

' The Shashous, or Schasu, was a generic term applied to the Arab or
Bedouin tribes who inhabited the desert between Syria and the North-
eastern frontier of Egypt ; they were a great source of annoyance to the
Egyptian kings, and were conquered but only for a short time, both by
Amenhotep I of the XX'lIlth, and Seti I of the XlXth, Dynasties.

* Anouke, an Egj'ptian warlike goddess, possibly of Syrian origin. She
was represented as a woman with a spear in her hand, and with a peculiar
crown formed of high feathers curving outwardly from a white bonnet
upon her head. She was the third member of the great Nubian Triad,
and her worship dates to the period of Osirtesen III. of the Xllth Dynasty,
Her festival took place on the 2Sth day of Paophi and the 30th of Athyr.

84 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

by means of divine food, you will transmit your dignities
65 to your children according as you shall say :

Proscynhna to Khnum, Sati, Anouke, and to the divine
cycle of Elephantine . . .'

' Lacuna.

STELE OF KING HORSIATEF.

XXVIth DYNASTY.

TRANSLATED BY

G. MASPERO.

'T'HE text of this tablet is published in Mariette's

Monuments Divers, T. i, pi. ii, 12, 13. In the first

picture, the

"King of Upper and Lower Countries Si-Amen Mri
(amoun), Son of the Sun Horsiatef."

accompanied by the

" Royal Mother, Royal Sister, Queen of Rush, I'fs-

MANOFER,"

presents two collars of different kind to

" Amen Ra, Lord (of the seats of both worlds),
residing in Du-uab, the giver of hfe, stability, power."

who saith :

" I give thee life and power all, all stability, all health,
all joy; I give thee the years of time and eternity."

86 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

In the second scene, the king accompanied by

" The Royal Sister, first wife Behtalis

presents the collars to

" Amen-Ra, Lord of the seats of both worlds, residing
in Thebes, the giver of life."

King Horsiatef lived about the time of Amasis II.

OBVERSE OF THE TABLET.

1 In the thirty-third year, in the second month of the
season of Pert, the twenty-third, under His Hohness the
mighty Bull, the risen in Napata, Lord of diadems,

2 Supporter of the Gods, who chastiseth all foreign lands,
King of Upper and Lower Countries, Si-amen Mei-
(amoun). Son of Ra, Lord of the two regions. Lord of
diadems,

3 all powerful I>ord,' Son of Ra, of his loins (and) loving
him, HoR-si-ATEF, ever-living, beloved of Am?;n-Ra, Lord
of the seats of the two worlds on the sacred (hill,)' "unto
whom wc give

4 life, stability, power all, strength all, all joy e\'en like
unto Ra for evermore." To begin with, they prompted

5 Amen-Napata, my gracious Father, to gi\e me the
Nahasi-land ;' when first, they made me

6 put on my royal crown,* when first his gracious eyes saw
me,

7 they sjioke unto me, saying: "Go to the temple of
AMEN-NAiwrA, within the Hall

8 of the Northern-Land." I feared, I entreated an ancient
man very much, saying : " Lo ! adoration (unto God !)"

9 (and) he spoke unto me, saying : " Seek thou for thy
two hands : he who raises

lo my statue ' is safe." They bade me go before Amen-
Napata, my

' Literally, " Lord of doing- the thingfs." " Dii, omitted in the text.

' The " Nahasi land," is the land of the Negroes.

■* Sha-mtu a ar mer-apeta fa seh. Mcr is here migcre, not amare.

5 Shepti-a, literally, he who ''builds" my statue.

88 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

1 1 gracious Father to tell : " Give me the crown of the
Nahasi-land." Sayeth

12 Amen-Napata unto me : "I give thee the crown of the
Nahasi-land ; I give

1 3 thee the four quarters of the whole Earth ; I give thee
the water which is good ; I give thee

14 the water which is wanting in goodness ; ' I give thee all
thy foes under thy sandals.

15 Whatever tribe' comes to thy hands/ it shall not be
successful ; whatever tribe

16 thou comest to with thy hands, its thigh shall not
prosper

17 (nor) its feet (either)." So having seen him, I poured
a great (libation) for that which gave me Amen, my

18 Gracious Father, while I stood within the shrine of
Amen-Napata,

19 in the middle of his sanctuary. And after these things,
(I) went to honour Amen-

20 Ra, Lord of Qemten'' (and) I said, saying: "Amen-
Napata ; " (I) went to honour Amen-Ra, Lord

2 1 in Panoubs,' (and) I said, saying : " Amen-Napata ; "
I went to honour Bast

22 of Tar,' (and) I said, saying : "Amen-Napata." Then
they spoke unto me saying : " Let him go i

23 to the temple of Amen of Taro . . res;' people say
they have not yet done building (it)."

* Either the Red Sea, or the marshes of the Upper Nile.

' Shdb-t., cfr. «?* Ethiop., homo.

^ Adi-ui-k. The meaning of this word is doubtful.

^ An unknown town between Dongolah and Pnoubs.

^ The Pnoiips, IXi/oui// of Ptolemy near Ouady-Halfah.

' An unknown town perhaps Derr.

' An unknown town of Nubia, perhaps in the vicinity of Napata.

STELE OF KING HORSIATEF. 89

24 And again, I built, I painted and finished it for five
months ; (then) seeing

25 the temple in Apet of Amen-Napata, that there was a
want of gold about it, I gave

26 the temple in Apet, to wit, forty ten ' of gold, and five
thousand one hundred and t^zn\.y pegas of gold-nuggets.

27 They spoke unto me saying : " The house of the brother-
hood, it is destitute of gold."

28 (So) I caused the acacia-wood to be conveyed to
Rekaro ;' (and) I was gracious (unto them)

29 (and) I made it to be conveyed even unto Napata. I put
gold on the two fronts of that temple, gold (to the value)

30 of forty ten, (and) I put in its treasure twenty ten of gold,
and one hundred gold nuj,fgets

LEFT SIDK OF THE TABLET.

1 O Amen of Napata, I give

2 thee beads for (thy) neck

3 of four ten ; ' one image

4 of the local Amen, wrought

5 in gold ; with one triad of gods

6 wrought in gold ;

7 with one Ra ^^TOUght (in gold) ;

8 with three gold mirrors ; with

9 two collars of gold ; with

10 beads of gold, one hundred and thirty-

11 four; with ten of silver one hundred;* witli vi-

12 al of silver, one ; \vith //(i;v-vial

' .^bout 3,654 gr., S. ' An unknown town of Nubia.

5 About 365 gr., 4S. ■• 9.137 gT-

go RECORDS OF THE PAST.

13 of silver, one; with bottles

14 of silver, five; with cup of silver,

1 5 one ; with mahen-ajp of silver, one ; with

16 drinking-horn of silver, one; with

1 7 chiselled ducks, nine ; with ka-

18 r(7- vases of copper, four ; -wiih. Maga-mi

1 9 vases of copper, one ; with hd-hi-ma vases of copper,

20 two ; with incense-burners of copper, two ; with

2 1 Akhdkh-yast of copper, one ; with sekara-cnps of copper
2 2 fifteen ; with Pddenm(-va,ses of copper, five ; with

23 two great caldrons, making in all thirty-two ; with

24 two hundred ien of dry perfumes ; ' with frank-incense,

25 three great jars ; widi honey, five great jars.

26 And again another time, when began

27 the House of the thousand years' to go (to pieces), I
caused

28 (it) to be built (again) for thee; I set for thee

29 its roof; I built

30 for thee a stable for oxen, of cubits

3 1 one hundred and fifty-four. I consecrated one venerable
little temple.

32 (So) when I came (to make) my prayer,

33 saying: " Lo ! adoration (to God!)" I said,

34 saying : " Verily, as befits a King of Egypt, I have
built

35 for thee ! I gave thee perpetual offerings ! And again,

36 I gave thee oxen, five hundred ; I gave

37 thee two ?nahen of milk, daily;

38 I gave thee adorers, ten ; I gave thee,

39 captives, men, fifty, women, fifty, making in all

40 one hundred. O, Amen of Napata, nothing was grudged

" 18,274 g-r.
' Pa-fe kha reiipel. Probably the name of a temple in Napata.

STELE OF KING HORSIATEF. 91

41 thee!' I am (the man)' who gave thee, all that was
convenient ! "

42 And in the second year, the third month of Pert, the
23rd, they made

43 him go against the foe : he cut

REVERSE OF THE TABLET.

1 the Rehrehsa;' and

2 Amen severed this people's thighs which were

3 stretched against me. I struck a blow amongst them,

4 (I) made a great slaughter. Also, in the third year, die
second month of Pert, the fourth, I struck a great blow

5 amongst the foes in Maddi," I made a slaughter amongst
them.

6 That is what thou didst for me.' In the fifth year, the
second month of Shemu, the twelfth, (in the reign of) the
Son of Ra,

7 HoRSiATEF, L.h.s." for ever, I sent my bowmen, and my

8 horsemen against the foes in Maddi ; and they made
near the town of Aneroua-

9 -r onslaught against them, they made a great slaughter
amongst them,

' Literally, "There was no counting (of things) for thee."
' The paper impression in the Louvre seems to give here the remains of
the word iu, individual.
■* An unknown people of Ethiopia, perhaps the Rhausi.

* The Matiiia of the Grecian inscriptions in Axum, Mathice of Plinj-
vi., XXXV., perhaps the Mastitce, MoerrtTat, of Ptolemy iv. 7, one of the
Bedju-tnhes,

* The printed text has Au hi khen mtuk a ari-ni, instead of which the
paper impression in the Louvre gives : m ma sep{sen) mtuk a ari-ni.

' L.h.s., an abbreviation of the words " life," " health," " strength," in
Egyptian dnkh^ uia, sent'. The formula unkh, uzu, seiii is usually written
after the name of a king, or a title of royalty.

92 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

10 they took their Lord, and made a great slaughter
amongst the people of Chief Aroga ....-'

11 TA. The sixth year, the second month of Shemu, the
fourth, (in the reign of) the Son of Ra, Horsiatef, ever
living, I collected

1 2 the multitude (of my soldiers) against Maddi, I struck a
great blow amongst (its)

13 towns, I made slaughter, great slaughter amongst them
in the town Hebsi. I took

14 its bulls, its cows, its asses, its rams, its goats, its

15 male slaves, its female slaves, its . . :' thy good
influence it is, thyself it is who didst (all these things) for
me, (O Ajien) !

1 6 The Chief of Maddi sent to me saying : " Thou art my
god ! I am thy

1 7 slave ! I am (but) a woman ! " When he came to me,
he caused the ... .' to be brought by

18 a Messenger. I went to do (honour) to Amen of
Napata my gracious Father :

1 9 I gave thee a great many oxen. The eleventh year, the
first month of Pert, the fourth, I sent my

20 bowmen to Taqana,* under the (command) of my
servant Gasau,

21 (for) the so-called Barga and Samensa* had reached
the town of Soun.* He struck a great

2 2 blow amongst them, and killed Barga with Samensa
23 their Chiefs. Thy good influence (O Amen), thyself it

is who didst (all those things) for me. The sixteenth

year, the first month of Sha, the 15th,

' Lacuna.
^ A word omitted in the tablet.
^ Adennu, a word of unknown meaning.
^ Or Maqajia, an unl<nown town in Nubia.

^ Aps ran-u. Literally, "count of their 7iames, Bargil and Samensa,"
*• Soun, an unknown town near Taqana.

STELE OF KING HORSIATEF. 93

24 I sent my bowmen together with my horsemen against
the foes in Makheti.'

25 They struck a great blow amongst (them) ; my bo^vmen
made a great slaughter ; they took

26 their finest cattle. In the eighteenth year, the first
month of Pert, the first, (in the reign of ) the Son of Ra,
HoRSiATEF, ever living, came

27 the foes of Rehrehsa, the name of their Chief,
(Kheruaa), in Beroua.' I stopped him : thy good
influence, thy

28 two valiant thighs (O Amen), struck a blow amongst his
(people) ; I made slaughter amongst them,

29 a great slaughter amongst them, I beat him back, and
thyself it is (O Amen) who didst it for me, that the
foreigners

30 arose in the middle of the night and fled. The twenty-
third year, the third month

31 of Shemu, the i8th, (in the reign of) the Son of Ra,
HoRSiATEF, ever living, came the Chief of the land
Rehrehsa,

32 Arua, together with his vassals,' in Berui. I struck

33 a blow amongst (his people), I made a great slaughter
amongst them, I beat him back, he rose

34 (to flee). I made slaughter amongst the people of
Shaikara,* who came (to his aid), having made

35 an alliance with him. Thy good fear, thy two thighs
struck the Chief

36 ' (he fled before) my bowmen and my horse-
men. The year

' An unknown people. " Meroe.

' The printed text has Kli, the paper impression in Louvre gives.
Neb sep{seji).

' An unknown people. ' Lacuna.

94 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

37 thirty-three, the first month of Per, the r5th, (in the
reign of) the Son of Ra, Horsiatef, everHving, I sent to
him, Amen

38 of Napata, my gracious Father, to say : " Must I send
my

39 bowmen against the land Makheti?" He sent to me.
Amen of Napata, saying :

40 " Let him send ! " I sent spies

41 to the number of fifty, with horsemen. The (men of the)
four lands of Makheti that were (collected)

42 in Takat, my people smote them. No one remained
from amongst them ! No one escaped

43 from amongst them ! No one from amongst them took
his feet away ! No one from amongst them

44 proceeded further ! . . ' My men took their Chiefs.'

RIGHT SIDE OF THE TABLET.

1 They began by telling me

2 saying : " Goes to the ruin the Temple of the third
month of Pert,

3 (at which time) there is the feast of Ptah." I built it
for thee (again).

4 I built thee a golden temple,

5 One house of life in gold, six houses in wood,

6 four pillars of stone. And again, they

7 began telling me, saying :

8 " The Royal House goes to

9 ruin (so much) that people can enter in (it)." I

■ Lacuna.
° The rendering- of this passage is very doubtful.

STELE OF KING HORSIATEF. 95

10 built a Royal House, four

1 1 houses in Napata, and fifty houses which I caused

12 to be surrounded by their walls. And a-

13 gain I built a '

14 each side of which had fifty cubits,

1 5 making for the four sides two hundred cubits (in all).

16 And again, I caused to be planted for thee,

17 six orchards with one vine

18 (in each), making six in Napa-

19 ta. I gave thee the thrice excellent orchards,

20 which are in Berua, making six (in all).

21 I caused offerings to be done, every

22 twelfth night, (to the value of) one hundred and
fifteen measures of corn, thirty-eight measures of barley,

23 making (in all) for corn and barley one hundred and
fifty-three measures.

24 And they caused, some towns

25 being in ruins, that I did not

26 make any exception (in repairing them) from

27 the ruin . . . .' And

28 they caused me to give a feast to Osiris

29 in . '-tai. I gave a feast

30 to Osiris residing in Berua. I gave three feasts

31 to Osiris and Isis in Merta.

32 I gave four feasts to Osiris and Isis

33 in Garr. I gave a feast to

34 Osiris, Isis and Hor in Sehrosa.

35 I gave a feast to OsiRi and Amen-a-

36 ABDi ' in Sakalogh.

37 I gave a feast to HoR in Karta. I

38 gave a feast to Ra in Mahh.' I gave

' Lacuna.
' Jmcn in the East. " ' Or Mash^,.

96 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

39 a feast to Anhour' in Arotanki.

40 I gave a feast to Osiris in Napata.

41 I gave two feasts of Osiris in NehknL

42 I gave a feast to Osiris and Isis in Pa-qem.

43 I gave three feasts of Osiris in Pnoubs, for ever.

^ Anhour, *Ovovpt^ of the Greeks, one of the solar gods, was the local
divinity of Abydos. His name appears to signify " He who leads (an) the
high of heaven {hour)."

HYMNS TO AMEN

TRANSLATED BY

C. W. GOODWIN, M.A.

nrHESE beautiful poems are contained in the
Anastasi Papyri in the collection at the British
Museum. They have been mostly translated in
French by M. F. Chabas, from whose interpretation
I have occasionall}' found reason to differ.

The Papyrus itself is considerably mutilated, and
bears no date, but from the character of the script

VOL. VI. S

98 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

there can be little doubt that it is of the period of
the XlXth Dynasty.

These Hymns have been published by myself
with excgctical notes in the Transactions of the
Society of Biblical Archeology, Vol. II, Part 2, 1873,
p. 353; and, as before mentioned, in French by M.
Chabas in the Mdangcs Egyptologigucs, 1870, p. 117.

HYMN TO AMEN.'

1 " Oh ! Amkn. lend thine ear to him

2 who is alone before the tribunal,

3 he is poor (he is not) rich.

4 The court oppresses him ;

5 silver and gold for the clerks of the book,

6 gamients for the scr\'ants. There is no other Amf.x,
acting as a judge,

7 to deliver (one) from his miscn,- ;

8 when the poor man is before the tribunal,

9 (making) the poor to go forth rich."

I-n'MX TO AMKN.'

1 " I cry, the beginning of wisdom is the way of Amf.n','

2 the rudder of (truth).

3 Thou art he that giveth bread to him who has none,

4 that sustaineth the servant of his house.

5 Let no Prince be my defender in all my troubles.

6 Let not my memorial be placed under the power

7 of any man who is in the house My Lord is (my)
defender ;

8 I know his power, to wit, (he is) a strong defender,

9 there is none mighty except him alone.
10 Strong is .\mi:x, knowing how to answer,

^ 2 Anastasi, page S, line 5, to page 9, line i.

2 Anastasi, page 0, line 2, to page 10, line i.

^ The Phrase which I have translated " the way of Amen " is literally
" the water of Amen." In Fgvpt the ri\'er Nile was the great road or
hii^hway, hence by an easy metaphor, the water was used to signify " the
way " that is the will, command or rule.

lOO RECORDS OF THE PAST.

1 1 fulfilling the desire of him who cries to him ;

1 2 the Smi the true King of gods,

13 the Strong Bull, the mighty lover (of power)"

HYMN TO AMEN.'

1 " Come to me, O ! thou Sun ;

2 HoRUS of the horizon give me (help) ;

3 Thou art he that giveth (help) ;

4 there is no help -nathout thee,

5 excepting thou (givest it).

6 Come to me Tum,' hear me thou great god.

7 My heart goeth forth towards An '

8 Let my desires be fulfilled,

9 let my heart be joyful, my inmost heart in gladness.

10 Hear my vows, my humble supplications every day,

1 1 my adorations by night ;

1 2 my (cries of ) terror .... prevailing in my mouth,

13 which come from my (mouth) one by one.

14 Oh ! HoRUS of the horizon there is no other besides
like him,

1 5 protector of millions, deliverer of hundreds of thousands,

1 6 the defender of him that calls to him, the Lord of An.^

17 Reproach me nof with my many sins.

18 I am a youth, weak of body.'

19 I am a man without heart.

20 Anxiety comes upon me ' as an ox upon grass.

^ 2 Anastasi, page 10, line i.

^ Turn or Atum, the setting' sun, Lord of Heliopolis.
^ Heliopolis the city of Turn.
* Or, " do not censure me."

^ Literally, " without his body." It seems to mean weakness, mutilation,
or disability.

" Literally, " upon my mouth."

HYMNS TO AMEN. lOI

21 If I pass the night in . . ' and I find refreshment,

22 anxiety returns to me in the time of lying down."

[The previous compositions are addressed to the Supreme
Being, under the names of Amen, Horus, and Tum. all identical
with the Sun. But for the old Egyptians the ruling Pharaoh
of the day was the living image and vicc-gerent of the Sun, and
they saw no profanity in addressing the king in terms precisely
similar to those with which they worshipped their god. The
following address or petition, which also is found in the Anastasi
Papyri is a remarkable instance of this.]

HYMN OR ODE TO I'HARAOH.'

1 " Long live the King \'

2 This comes to inform the King

3 to the Royal Hall of the lover of truth,

4 the great heaven wherein the Sun is.

5 (Give) thy attention to me, thou Sun that risest

6 to enlighten the earth with this (his) goodness.

7 The solar orb of men chasing the darkness from Egypt.

8 Thou art as it were the image of thy father the Sun,

9 who rises in heaven. Thy beams penetrate the ca\em.

I o No place is without thy goodness.

I I Thy sayings are the law of ever)- land.

1 2 when thou reposest in thy jialace,

13 thou hearest the words of all the lands.

14 Thou hast millions of ears.

1 5 Bright is thy eye above the stars of hea\-en,

16 able to gaze at the solar orb.

1 7 If anything be spoken by the mouth in the cavern,

' Lacuna. ' 2 Anastasi, page 5, line 6.

» Literally, "in health, life and strength;" but the king- being the
subject of the wish I have ventured to Anglicise the phrase as above.

I02 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

1 8 it ascends into thy ears.

19 Whatsoever is done in secret, thy eye seeth it,

20 O ! Baenra Meriamen," merciful Lord, creator of
breath."

[This is not the language of a courtier. It seems to be a
genuine expression of the belief that the king was the living
representative of Deity, and from this point of view is much
more interesting and remarkable, than if treated as a mere
outpouring of empty flattery.]

The king- Meneptah son of Rameses 11., and his immediate successor.

I03

INSCRIPTION

THE DESTRUCTION OF MANKIND.

THANSLATED BY

EDOUARD NAXILLE.

'T'HIS inscription is engraved on tiic four walls
of a small chamber called that of the cow in
the tomb of Seti I.; the text has been published
for the first time in the first part of the fourth
volume of the Transactions of the Society of
Biblical Aniuioh\^j, Ft. I., Vol. I\'., p. i and foil.,
and accompanied by a translation. The present
translation does not comprise the whole of the
inscription, lines 44-45 which gi\'c the description
of the celestial cow have been omitted, as well as
the end from line S4 which contains a hymn to
the gods of the East. A rc\ision of my French

I04 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

translation has led me to adopt some slight changes
and to make a few additions which will be found in
the English version.

Unfortunately the bad state of the walls of the
tomb has produced great gaps in one of the most
important parts of the inscription ; but there is reason
to think that in the tomb of one of the later
monarchs named Rameses there is a reproduction of
the same inscription, which may perhaps enable us to
restore the original text at a future period.

lOS

DESTRUCTION OF MANKIND.

PLATE A.-

I the god being by himself, after he has been

established as King of men and the gods together, there

was ...
2 His Majesty, living and well, in his old age.

His limbs arc of silver, his flesh of gold, his articulations

of genuine lapis lazuli, there was .

3 . . mankind. Said by His Majesty, li\ing and
well, to his followers : I call before my face Su,'

4 Tefnut, Seb, Nut,' and the fathers and mothers ^^•ho
were with me when I was still in Nun,* and I prescribe to
Nun who brings his companions

5 with him : bring a small number of them, that the men
may not see them, and that their heart be not afraid.
Thou shalt go with them into the sanctuary, if they agree
with it

6 until I shall go with Nun to the place were I stand,
When those gods came . . those gods in his
place ; they bowed down

7 before His Majesty himself, who spake in the presence
of his fadier, of the elder gods, of the creators of men
and of wise beings, and they spake in his presence,

' These plates are those of the Transactions of the Society of Biilical
Jrchceolo^y.

' A solar god, brother of Tefnut. ' Wife of Seb or Saturn.

* Deity of the heavenly water.

I06 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

8 (sa)dng) Speak to us that we may hear it. Said by Ra'
to Nun : Thou firstborn of the gods whose issue I am,
and you ancient gods, behold the men
_ 9 who are born of myself ; they utter words against me ;
speak to me what you will do in this occurrence ; behold,
I have waited, and I have not destroyed them, until I
shall have heard

10 what you have to say. Said by the Majesty of Nun :
My son Ra, thou god greater than he who is his father,
and who created him ; I remain . . . (full of )

1 1 great fear before thee ; let thyself consider in thy heart
(what we have to do). Said by the Majesty of Ra :
Behold, they are running away over the whole land, and
their hearts are afraid

12 Said by the gods in the presence of His Majesty : May
thy face allow us to go, and we shall smite those who
plot evil things, thy enemies, and let none (remain
among them)

13 go as Hathor.' The goddess started, and she smote
the men over the whole land. Said by the Majesty of
the god : Come in peace, Hathor, thou hast done (what
I had prescribed).

14 Said by the goddess : I am living, that I have prevailed
over men, and my heart is pleased. Said by the Majesty :
I shall prevail over them, (and I shall complete)

15 their ruin. And during several nights there was Sechet'
trampling the blood under her feet as far as Heracleopolis.
Said by (the Majesty of Ra)

16 I call before me my Messengers ; let them hasten, and

■ The "Sun "or Helios.
The Egyptian Aphroditi5 or Venus.
' Wife of Ptah, allied with Bast or Bubastis.

THE DESTRUCTION OF MANKIND. I07

run, and hurry to the utmost of their strength, and the
Messengers (came)

17 immediately. Said by the Majesty of the god: Let
them begin with Elephantine, and bring to me fruits in
(juantity. And when the fruits had been brought, they
were given . .

18 the Sekti of Heliopolis was grinding the fruits while the
priestesses poured the juice into \ ases ; and those fruits
were put in vessels (with the)

19 blood of men; and there were made se\en thousand
pitchers of drink. And there came the Majesl)' of the
King of Lfpper and Lower I'igypt, with the gods to see
the drink after he had ordered

20 to the goddess to destroy the men, in three days oi
navigation. Said by the Majest)- of Ra : It is well done,
all this. 1 shall now protect

2 I men on account of this. Said b)- Ra : I raise now my
hand that 1 shall not destru)' men. The Majesty of the
King of U]-)|)er and Lower Kg)pt, Ra, ordered

I'LATE B.

2 2 in the midst of the night to pour out the water of the
\essels, and the fields were entirely co\ered with water
through the will oi the Majesty of the god; and there
came

23 the goddess at the morning, and she found the fields
co\ ered with water and she was pleased with it and she
drank to her satisfaction, and she went awa}- satisfied, and
she saw no

24 men. Said b)' the Majest}- of Ra to this goddess :
Come in peace, thou gracious goddess, and there arose

ro8 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

the young Priestess of Amu." Said by the Majesty of Ra:
2 5 to the goddess : I order that hbations be made to her at
every festival of the new year, under the direction of my
Priestesses. Hence comes that libations are made under
the direction of Priestesses at the festival of Hathor,

26 through all men since the days of old.

Said by the Majesty of Ra to the goddess : There is a
burning disease which torments me. What is it that gives

27 me pain ? Said by the Majesty of Ra : I am living that
my heart is weary to be with them (the men) ; I have not
at all destroyed them ; it is not a

28 destruction which I have done myself Said by the gods
who followed him : Away with thy weariness; thou hast
obtained all thou desirest. Said by the Majesty

29 of the god to the Majesty of Nun : My limbs are
suffering long ago. I cannot walk, until I reach another
(to support me). Said by the Majesty of Nun : My son
Su, thou shalt do

30 thy father in his creations. My daughter

Nut, put Said by Nut : As it seems to my

father Nun

31 there was Nut . . . the Majesty

of Ra on her back there were the men.

32 . . . and they saw him on the back of

(cow;) said to him by the

33 men : let us smite the enemies, the rebels

34 His Majesty arrived in the sanctuary . . . the cow

with them ; the earth was in darkness ; when

he gave light to the earth in the morning, the men

35 were going forth, bearing their bows shoot

' Name of a place or town.

THE DESTRUCTION OF MANKIND. 109

their arrows against my enemies. Said by the Majest}- of
the god : your sins are behind you, destruction of
enemies

36 removes destruction ... to destruction. Said b\-
the Majesty of the god, I have resoKed to be hfted up;

37 who is it whom Nut will trust with it ? and there arose
. . . Said by the Majesty of the god : Remove me
from them, carry me that I may see

38 and there arose . and the Majesty of the god
saw the inner part (of the sanctuary) and he said : I
assemble and give the possession

39 of these multitudes of men, and there arose

Said by the Majesty of the god : Let a field of rest
extend itself, and there arose a field of rest. Let the
plants grow

40 there, and there arose the field Aalu.' I establish as
inhabitants all the beings which are suspended in the sk)-,
the stars, and Nut began

41 to tremble \ery strongly. Said by the Majesty of R.\ :
I assemble there the multitudes that they may celebrate
thee, and there arose the multitudes. Said by the
Majesty of Ra .

42 My son Su, take with thee my daughter Nut, and be
the guardian of the multitudes which li\ e in the nocturnal
sky;

43 put them on thy head, and be their fosterer; hence
comes that

44 . . . . this chapter is said to the cow which is called
die multitude of beings.

[The description of the cow is omitted.]
56 Said by the Majesty of the god to Thoth : Call before

■ Name of the Eg^-ptian Elysium.

no RECORDS OF THE PAST.

me the Majesty of Seb, saying: Hasten, come im-
mediately. When the Majesty of Seb arrived, the
Majesty of the god said : Be the guardian
3 7 of thy serpents which are in thee, let them fear me such
as I am, thou shalt know their wisdom, and afterwards
thou shalt go to the place in which is my father Nun, and
thou shalt tell him :

58 Be the guardian of the reptiles of land and water, and
afterwards thou shalt write in all the abodes in which are
thy serpents, sapng : Beware to take hold of anything ;
let them know that for a long time

59 I have been giving them light, and all that concerns
them belongs to their father and thou art their father in
this land eternally. Beware afterwards of those en-
chanters

60 whose mouth is subtle, through whom I am enchanted
myself, if I . . . I cannot preserve myself, because
of the long time which

61 has been before (because of my old age); I send them
to thy son Osiris. Be the guardian of their children ; for
the hearts of their elders are perverted through their
intelligence, they do what

62 they like, on the whole earth, through the charms which
they have in their bodies. Said by the Majesty of the
god : I call before me Thoth, and Thoth came im-
mediately. Said

PLATE C.
€3 by the Majesty of the god to Thoth : Come let us leave

the sky
64 and my abode, because I wish
■65 to make a luminary
66 in the inferior sky and in the deep region

THE DESTRUCTION OF MANKIND. Ill

67 where thou inscribest the inhabitants, and thou art the
guardian of

68 those who do

69 evil

70 the followers whom my heart hates.

71 But thou art my abode, the god of my abode ; behold,
thou wilt be called Thoth, the abode of R a. I shall
give thee .to send . . and there arc^e the ibis of
Thoth. I shall

72 give thee to raise thy hand in the ]iresence of the ;^'ods,

greater than the and there arose the t\\'o wings

of the ibis of Thoth ; I shall give thee to embrace

73 the two parts of the >l^y, with thy beauty and with thy
rays, and there arose the moon-crescent of Thoth. I
shall give thee to turn thyself towards the Xorthem
nations; and there arose the cynocephalus' of Thoth
which is

74 in his escort. Thou art under my dominion. All eyes
are open on thee, and all men worship thee as a L,od.
He who says those words himself

75 is anointed with balsam and oil; a censer is in his hand,
and incense

76 behind both his ears ; his lips are purified with /■<■/, and
he is clothed with two new

77 tissues; he is washed with pure water and has put on
sandals

78 of wood ; the sign of Ma' is on his tongue in fresh colour
/-('/ of the scribes. ^Vhen Thoth intends

79 to read this Book to Ra, he purifies himself during nine
dayS. The prophets and the men must do

■ Sacred ape of the g-od Thoth or Chons.
" The goddess of truth.

112 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

80 the same ; he who reads it, and makes all the cere-
monies which are prescribed in this book

81 his life time is multiplied . . . added; he has his eyes,

82 he has all his limbs, his steps are not hindered

the men. He is like

83 Ra himself on the day of his birth ; his property is not
lessened, and his monument is not destroyed."

A kind of rubric.

113

EGYPTIAN AIAGICAL TEXT,

FROM A PAPYRUS IN' THE BRITISH MUSEUM.

TRANSl.ATl- L) BY

S. BIRCH, LL. D.

T^HE Papyrus of which the following is a transla-
tion, is in the British Museum, and came from the
collection of Mr. Salt (No. 8J5). It is \'cr)' fragile, and
of a VLi)' dark brown colour, of a softer texture than
the material usually employed. Unfortunately the
beginning is not complete, so that it is not possible
to know the number of pages that are wanting. It
still contains twcnt)' pages of hieratic writing of nine
lines to the page, and the careful and distinct hand in
which it is written shows it to have been part of a
book. The text is as yet unpublished, greater
interest attaching to the class of historical papyri,

\01.. VI. 8

114 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

but it resembles in its contents the papyri of Leyden
and the Louvre, especially those recently published
by M. Maspero, Meinoire sur quelqiies papyrus du
Louvre, 4to., Paris, 1875. Besides the hieratic text
the papyrus contains some vignettes and hieroglyphic
inscriptions in the secret or later hieroglyphs, which
appear in use as early as the XlXth Dynasty, but the
present papyrus appears to have been written between
the period of the XXIst and XXVIth Dynasties. It
is divided into sections, or chapters, like the Ritual,
and appears to be one of a magical class. Its chief
interest is the esoterical explanations it affords of the
growth of plants.

IIS

MAGICAL TEXTS.

PAGE I.
r It is said by night not by day, which would bring evil

2 on earth. The gods put their hands on their heads the
earth is shaken.

3 When he goes forth the mom remains, the sky .' in

4 the earth is broken to pieces, the waters are in confusion
and arc no longer navigable.

5 The . ' (gods) listen : mankind complains, the souls weep.

6 The goddesses, men, souls, the dead, animals

7 complain much,

8 . .'the heart ' they bring

PA(;E 2.

1 causes strength to be doubled, and flame renewed. It is
the liquid spirit the Sux gave to his son. When Horus

2 weeps, the water that falls from his eyes grows into
plants producing a sweet perfume. \Vhen Baha' lets fall

3 blood from his nose, it grows into plants changing to
cedars, and produce turpentine instead of the water.

4 When Shu and Tefnut' weep much, and water falls from
their eyes, it changes into plants that produce incense.

5 When the Sun weeps a second time, and lets fall water
from his eyes, it is changed into working bees ; they work

6 in the flowers of each kind, and honey and wax are
produced instead of the water.

7 When the Sun becomes weak, he lets fall the perspiration
of his members, and this changes to a liquid.

S .' linen, it has become . . .'

9 . . . ■

* Lacunze. ^ Typhon, the Greek Babys or Bebfin.

* 3 Twin children of the Sun, raale and female.

Il6 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

PAGE 3.

1 much, he bleeds, and the blood changes to salt ..."
chooses them for remedies, the Sun coming from

2 which they give to the divine members. When the Sun is
weak he perspires, water falls from his mouth to the earth,
and changes to the plants

3 of the papyrus. When Nephthys ' is very weak, her per-
spiration flows and is changed to the plant Tas.

4 The region of Benben and Ai, when the Sun sits there,
he perspires

5 there. The region of Tami, when Ptah sits there, he
perspires. Regions Tatta and Ha-

6 tefa, when Osiris sits there, his perspiration falls there.
The two gorges of Elephantine ..."

7 perspires there. Shu and Tefnut give it to the divine
members, they produce them in . . '

8 he opens his mouth divine in this day

9 by his orders. The gods Shu

PAGE 4.

1 and Tefnut, See, Nu, Horus, Isis, Nephthys, Thoth,
vivify him daily, Shu and Tefnut

2 are full of solicitude for the substance of the heart, they
weep much, they place a book

3 on him, it is the hair of a scorpion, the great one of the
Sun, called the devouring throat

4 which swallows the ..." he is on earth and is the
strangler.

5 He has been called the ... .' he who leads the over-
thrown, who swallows the wicked ones.

6 Shu and Tefnut place their son Horus son of Isis,
on the . . . .'

' Lacuna. ' Sister of Osiris and Isis.

MAGICAL TEXTS. 1 1 7

7 throne of his father, they upset Set,' they drag (him;
to the secret place of punishment in the East.

8 HoRUS kills him in his name, the god strangles

9 the \vicked enemies that are there, the gods and
goddesses protect this god in his divine being,

p.\(;e 5.

1 each day upsetting the wicked ones for e\cr in the land
of Uasbuasb, of Ab, of Scsu,

2 of Testes, of Khnem. .Si;t's blood falls in the cities ;
this is the Eastern palm tree. For the wax . .'all

made for the wicked ones

4 to destroy tlie bad race, and to [ircvent his soul from
escaping punishment.

5 Do not sit down yourself there, enter not there, for it
is the great region of the benefactor who

6 protects the King in his palace ; they therefore bring
them and place tliem under

7 Si'.Kiii-T, vomiting flames against the wicked ones to
suffocate them. .\s to the palm tree of the AVest,

8 it belongs to ()siRis. Oil! fatal words keeping the
lieart of the Magic liook.

9 The 2 0th Thoth is the day to receive the Book of
Orders. Life

lo and death proceed from it : the i\Iagic Book was in-
corporated in that day. This hidden book triumphs

IWGE 6.

1 over enchantments, connects ligatures, prepares ties,
destroys the lock. Life and death proceed from it.
Come not beneath its influence.

2 If any one falls in its power, he dies (as if killed by
blows) forthwith. Go not \ cry far, for life and death are
in it; the Scribe of . . .' has made it in his name for the
Treasur}'.

' Typhon, enemy and brother of Osiris. ' Lacuna.

Il8 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

3 The oar of the lake is Horus who overthrows

4 his accusers, he draws them from the region of Eastern
Hut. The lake-oar is the tamarisk tree, having seven
ells, and two spithams,^ it makes the third.

5 A club has been brought from the Eastern region by the
Sun, and he overthrows his enemies therewith. It is
four spithams high. There are four mansions of life

6 at Abydos, (each) is built four stories high and is in-
ternally wainscoated with palm wood. There are four
mansions of life

7 Osiris is master thereof The four houses are Isis,
Nephthys, See and Nu. Isis is placed in one, Nephthys

8 in another, Horus in one, Tahuti in another, at the
four angles : See is above, Nu

9 is below. The four outer walls are of stone. It has
two stories, its foundation is sand

lo its exterior is jasper, one is placed to the South, another
to the North, another to the AVest, another to the East.

PAGE 7.

1 It is very hidden, unknown, invisible, nothing save
the Solar disk

2 sees it. It escapes men that go there. The Sun's
Librarians, the Treasure Scribes are within. Shu . . .

3 he who causes to retrograde, is Horus who strikes the
enemies of his father Osiris. The writer of his divine
books is Thoth

4 who vivifies it each day, its excellency is neither seen
nor heard. The body of water is hidden going

5 to plunge the Amu who do not go there : though near,
he does not see it. This book

6 is that which is therein. The souls of the Sun are
around ; this great god approaches them to kill his enemies.
Those that dwell there are

' The Egyptian span.

MAGICAL TEXTS. II9

7 the Sun's Librarians. The Sun's servants protect his son
Osiris daily. Shu and Tefnut make charms

8 to fascinate these wcked conspirators. Tei-nut changes
her shape into a club of four Spithanis (long) inside of

9 this place, facing the room wherein the god dwells, she
makes a crown of divine flowers round the neck of this god,

10 she decorates her own neck, she is like fire against the
wicked ones, like the North wind to the nostrils of licr
son ()siRis.

PAGE 8.

1 Shu takes the shape of an eagle's wing; he makes a lock
or tress of sheep's wool to go round this god's neck ; it is

2 placed on the throat of (Osiris). Shu gives breath to the
nostrils of his son Osiris to repel his enemies, they are
repulsed

3 from his members. He makes this body protected, he
watches over the King in his palace.

4 Shu says : O thou shut in the Solar disk, hidden in thy
house ! O you enemies who retain the breath far from him
turn

5 your faces. A lock of hair has been made to suffocate
your souls. I am Shu who destroys your bodies. Tefnut
says

6 () thou; hidden by the roof; hidden by the dooi
lock, the cowards are upset by thy blows ! I am

7 Tefnut, thundering against those who are kept on the
earth, who are annihilated for ever. Si;b sa)s

[Here follow some secret hieroglyphs.]

8 Nu says : the god Nu is hidden in the divine mystery.

See is hidden

PAGE 9.

I in his shape, Isis protects him, Xephthvs watches over

him, as protectors of the lock of the fiery lake of the

sea proceeding in its course.

I20 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

2 The accusers live and die ! your souls are annihilated,
your bodies are not preserved, your souls are annihilated,
you are no longer on this earth.

3 . . . .' drags their enemies before the King. Retrograde
ye damned, the son of Tefnut resists, he prevails against
the Avicked ones

4 by the hair of a cow, passing yesterday, carrying to day
the blood of the mystic eye, the skin of the head of a
ur/rns serpent, the eye

5 of a dwarf, "Lord of the waters, rejoicing, raising
and lowering the gate of heaven soul of souls, creation of
creation, only one created'" in the South and in the
North, very hidden

6 in his members, hidden in his greatness, thou the t)rpe
who lives by thy life.

7 O ye wicked ones, the flames of Awen-Ra are in his
members, they cannot be extinguished at all,

8 ever devouring your bones. His shape is hidden, his
type is hidden

9 his name is unknown, he repels the children emanating
from him he gives the flame

lo to you, ye are consumed.

[Then are depicted four regions or amulets.]

1 A circle of a green herb, a drop of well-water. The
following objects must be placed therein : the heart of a
jackal, the nostril of a pig, the urine of an ape. This is
followed by

2 a plate of beaten gold wherein an eagle's wing is to be
figured.

3 An heart-formed object; opposite which is written
hieratically : "Thou triumphest over thy enemies." In the
interior are secret hieroglyphics or unintelligible anaglyphs.

4 A crocodile carrying a feather on its head, sitting on a

^ Lacuna.
^ The words between inverted commas are in the secret writincr.

MAGICAL TEXTS. 12 1

particular shaped wheel ; inside the wheel is an iimus
serpent ; a legend relative to a crocodile calls it :
"The turner of destruction crocodile, that which
nurtured by impurity, the great truth, burning its enemies
by the entire revolution of the hole.'" The Umiis legend
calls it " The great mother, mistress of the burning hole,
burning with its figure, mistress of shade, nurtured with
blood, mistress of the unfaithful she, nourished by him."
It is said of the rec^ion " this region is detestable, it sees
the . . " of a father by his son, it cannot be seen or
heard.''

PAGE II.

1 The burning brasier^

2 The great fire-basin

3 prciKired by him who affrights

4 the overthrown : he that is headless

5 the [ilace of death, the place

6 of life : the great rock

7 throwing fire against Sirr and his companions.

PAGE 1 2.

1 The fire coming from the mouth against the wicked
ones (name of first ape).^

2 The Mistress of flame burning the accusers (name of
second ape). Li\inL; off the

3 blood of the ONcrthruwn (name of third ape) Mistress of
death who lives

4 by seizing (name of fourth ape). The one is made for the
throat band

5 of him who hides his name ; the other is made

6 for the throat band of the -Sux, another

7 is made for the throat band of Ptah.

' Karri, "hole" or "lock," it is applied to the abodes of the damned in
Hades.

^ Lacuna. ^ r/^i', " brasier " or "censer.''

"* Perhaps the names of the apes and braziers, cap. cxxxi. of the Ritual.

122 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

8 another is made for the throat band of Osiris,

[Below in a square is painted an Asiatic man, bearded, kneel-
ing and tied at the elbows to the god Nub, with an animal's
head and ears cut off ; these two images are back to back. On
the side of Nub are read :]

The accusers have failed, the vile Set with his companions.
[On the Asiatic's side are read :]

The vile hardened hearts.

[Below this scene are four adoring apes to which the aforesaid
legends refer.]

PAGE 13.

1 Mistress of place of punishment, or mistress of fire, by
which she prevails (name of first serpent).

2 Very terrible in battle (name of second serpent). Mistress
of tears

3 who lives off them (name of third serpent). She whose
sparks subdue (name of fourth serpent). They are

4 the words of the books or chapters, to overthrow
enemies.

5 The Book to place Enemies in the Fire, the one to Drive
away the Foe :

6 That to Destroy Enemies.

[Below a vignette with four urai serpents.]

PAGE 14.

I The four brasiers are

1 The mistress of theft living by it :

3 she whose figure is red against the profane :

4 the groaning figure :
5' living off the living.

6 These are the titles of the four books : the Old

7 Book ; the Book to Destroy

8 Men ; the Great Book ;
g the Book to be as God.

MAGICAL TEXTS. 123

PAGE 15.

[The vignette of this page represents the house of Osiris whereof
the preceding pages speak in detail. The house is square, the
,,'od stands in the interior on a pedestal cubit-shaped emblem
of Truth. Below is an oval bearing the name of the goddess,
Neith and the Nine Bows, emblems of foreign nations. Before
the house is hieratically written :]

O thou daily hidden one

[The house has a door at each cardinal point; in an interior
angle is the emblem of life. At the exterior angles are the
names of Horus, Thoth, Isis, and Nephthys. In the middle of
the sides is written ;]

Very hidden, very reserved.

PA(;E 16.

1 Chapter to Open the Gate of this House : " I have
opened heaven I have opened earth I enter. O yc
Western and Eastern doors

2 let me enter ; I am the wind pashing by you.

3 Chapter to Dpen the Place of the Chapel of Seat of
Neith. I am the seat of Neith, hidden

4 in the hidden, concealed in the concealed, shut up in
the shut up, unknown I am knowledge.

5 I am the lion of the ape, I am the hidden in flame,
which never ceases, heaven

6 is closed, the waters are shut up ; where waters are
terrible flame is quiet. See the goddess of Nu and the
god Nu come to-

7 gether, they are detained. The disk is wanting above.
\'our protection . . . .' the dwelling of Neith

8 is the (gorge)" of Enhur,^ god of Tennu ' the mystical.
He is hidden in the way of the (gorge);'

9 it is the mvster\- of magic, and the salvation of some
one. The words of Shu, when he made his son triumph,,
and placed his enemies

10 under him : he placed the tahsman at the throat and

' Lacuna. ' Throat. ' Onouris or Mars. * Tennu, Silsills.

124 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

saved him (from his enemy). He made him safe thereby.
Shu wept

1 1 when he was beaten by him. He gives Hfe to Kami ' in a
moment, by the breath of his mouth giving motion to
Osiris. The words of

12 Shu after placing the tahsman to his throat, I am the
daily hidden genius who hides himself beneath life, burning

PAGE 17.

1 in his hole, protected by the talisman

2 which masters every foreigner, country South, North,
AVest, East, who oppose

3 dead or living ones subject to this god. The palm tree

4 becomes like Osiris in Niti.

5 Troth took it to bind Osiris to the great crown.

6 The palm . ." by order of the seventeenth and nineteenth,
tiventy-fourth and twenty-fifth days of the month Thoth
[The amulet is against the Pct-ma, Brugsch, Geographic, 1. 49,

Nos. 282-5, 3.t the end of the 7th line after the master of Silsilis is
with Ta or At s'ta fcka, mystic passage of " The Eradicator."
Now come in secret characters the ingredients to be mingled for
magical results.]

PAGE 17.
[ist line shows a marine monster like a dolphin with four
feet and a tail ending in a serpent's head. San-iiu Hut-ur;
" Plunger of the Sea," followed by the Nile god.]

1 The plunger of the Sea.^

2 A jar of sand.

3 Divine incense.

4 Incense of Shu and Tefnut.

5 A jar of wine for Amen-Ra.

6 Nile water mixed with a jar of wine.

7 Take a jar of oil, foam of the liquid called shot,'' and wine,
wash it making thereof a lufirJ

^ Egypt. ^ Lacuna.

3 A dolphin. * " Spirits of Wine," or " Effervescing- Wine."

' "A compound," or "good compound."

MAGICAL TEXTS.

125

PAGE 18.

First Formula: In the place where one makes the image of
Osiris, who dwells in the ^\'cst, flowers of the sea water
4 jars ; 4)4 jars of sand or sea weed; 2j< jars of essence
of cedar oil; 2j^ jars of liquid shot, put in a mystic pot
of earthenware firm in his hands, and 10 iirivi serpents
shaped like the white croN\Ti on the head. Do not con-
sider the work unknown. One grain of incense, one
smoke or fumigation, 2 jars of bitumen, 2 wax candles,
2' j jars of foam oi (tas).

Thou hast done all he has done, he will make the
breath return, he embalms the work, he is unknown.

Sci(>iid Foriiiiila : 2 grains of incense, 2 fumigations, 2
jars of cedar oil, 2 jars of tas, " jars of wine, 2 jars of
liciuid s/iot. At the place of tli) heart, they embalm
strongly. Thou art protected (against accidents) of life ;
thou art protected against a violent death ; thou art pro-
tected against fire, thou escapcst in hea\en, and thou art
not ruined on earth. He has been saved from (death) and
has not been consumed by the gods.

PAGK 19.

1 If one proceeds under it, one dies in that time, the
m}'ster\' is \er\- great.

2 The Sun is Usikis. Make him . .' with thy owti hand
and with thy smallest finger.

3 He is jilaced as a mummy of the tree amam and sycamore
... '2 cubits I digit high ;

4 his side being in a slieep, and the hind part

c; being of reed. Behind is a sanctuan,- of fine gold of

6 8 cubits " digits high, tlie . ..." of the sanctuary of
cedars 10 cubits 2 digits high ;

7 his li'wcr part made s'ait- wood of Sesou 3 cubits
broad the

' Lacuna. " Acacia, or sont wood.

126 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

8 . . .' of reeds in the interior. Put this behind the
vase.

PAGE 20.

[Vignette containing Osiris standing at the right, holding a
sceptre with his two hands ; behind the god is the figure of the
goddess Pasht, with this inscription :]

Thy mother Tefnut vivified thee.

[Before Osiris is a standing lioness carrying the crown atf,
and vomiting fire. Behind Tefnut is Nephthys and behind
Pasht is Isis. After this scene, one sees a square surmounted
by a lioness, crowned with the atfj one side the square
is a sheepskin stretched, in the behind of which is Osiris
standing, turning to the right. This object has analogous
legends with the names of the gods Amen-Ra and Ptah, the
title of Osiris ; " He who Dwells in the West," and the following
explanations :]

Shu is thy father, he vivifies thee ; thy father is Set

thy mother is Nu, they vivify thee;

[On the right one sees a lioness couchant carrying the crown
atf J her mouth exhajes fire ; she is called " Menti," name of a
lion-headed goddess :]

Who breathes fire at night.
[Below this lioness are four iirai serpents each wearing a
head ornament in symbol. The first wears the hut or white
crown, probably represents Sati, the Egyptian Juno. The second
wears the red crown teshr of Neith, the Egyptian Minerva, the
third wears a solar disk and represents a goddess attached to the
Sun-god's pure disk. The fourth wears the lunar disk, ordinarily
only worn by the ibis, cynocephali, and the emblem of the Moon's
masculine type; but. as Thoth has a feminine type, so may
the Moon have one too. The two ends of the vignette are ter-
minated by two gods each wearing four feathers. Their heads
are in shape a rolled object, ending behind with a feather or
something analogous. " He gives the North wind to thy nostrils."
The other legend is solely the word " wind." Seem to be the types
of Shu.]

' Lacuna.

THE SONG OF THE HARPER.

TRANSLATED BY

L U D \V I G S T E R X .

HTHE text of the following song, found in the tomb
of Neferhctep at Abd-el-Gurnah, is a good speci-
men of Egyptian poetry of the XYHIth Dynasty. It
was first copied by Mr. Dijmichcn {Historische Iii-
scliriftcn H. 40,) and subsequently by myself In
addition to a translation in the Zcitsclirift fiir
dgyptischc Spraclic 1873, p. 58, I gave some critical
observations in the same journal of 1875. Professor
Lauth of Munich translated it in an appendix to his
essay on the music of the ancient Egyptians.

The song is very remarkable for the form of old
Egyptian poetry, which like that of the Hebrews
delights in a sublimer language, in parallelisms and
antitheses, and in the ornament of a burden ; no
doubt it was sung, and it seems to be even rythmic,
forming \erses of equal length.

Urcd uriii pu ma

Pa shall ncfcr khcpcr

Khctii her scbt tcr rck Rd

Janidu her at r ast-scu.

128 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

Though part of the text is unhappily much muti-
lated, we yet may gather the general ideas of the
poem from the disjecta tnembra which remain.

It is a funeral song, supposed to be sung by the
harper at a feast or anniversary in remembrance of
the deceased patriarch Neferhetep, who is represented
sitting with his sister and wife Rennu-m-ast-neh, his
son Ptahmes and his daughter Ta-Khat standing by
their side, whilst the harper before them is chanting.
The poet addresses his speech as well to the dead as
to the living, assuming in his fiction the former to be
yet alive. The room of the tomb, on the walls of
which such texts were inscribed, may be thought a
kind of chapel appointed for the solemn rites to be
performed by the survivors. The song which bears a
great resemblance to the Song of the House of King
Antef lately translated by the eminent Mr. Goodwin,
affords a striking coincidence with the words which
Herodotus (II. 78)' asserts to have been repeated on
such occasions, whilst a wooden image of the deceased,
probably the figure called usheb, was circulating among
the guests. " Look upon this ! " they said, " then drink
and rejoice, for thou shalt be as this is."

^ See Records of the Past, Vol. IV., p. 117.

129

THE SONG OF THE HARPER.

[Chanted by the singer to the harp who is in the chapel of the
Osirian, the Patriarch of Amen, the blessed Xefcrhotcp.]

He says :

The great one is truly at rest,

the good charge is fulfilled.

Men pass away since the time of Ra,'

and the youths come in their stead.

Like as Ra reappears c\cr}- morning,

and Tum' sets in the horizon,

men are begetting,

and women are conceiving.

Every nostril inhaleth once the breezes of dawn,

but all born of women go down to their places.

Make a good da>-, ( ) holy father !
Let odours and oils stand before thy nostril.
Wreaths of lotus are on the amis and the l)osom of thy
sister,

dwelling in thy heart, sitting beside thee.

Let song and music be before thy face,

and leave behind thee all c\il cares !

Mind thee of joy, till cometh the day of pilgrimage,

when we draw near the land which loveth silence.

Not . . . .' peace of heart . . ^ his loving son.

Make a good day, O blessed Xeferhhtep,

thou Patriarch perfect and pure of hands !

He finished his existence . . (the common fate of men).

Their abodes pass awa\',

and their place is not ;

they are as they had never been bom

since the time of R.\.

(They in the shades) are sitting on the bank of the river,

thy soul is among them, drinking its sacred water,

■ The Sun.

^ A form of the Sun god of the West, the chief god of HeliopoHs.

^ Lacuna.

VOL. VL 10

130 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

following thy heart, at peace '

Give bread to him whose field is barren,
thy name will be glorious in posterity for evermore ;
they will look upon thee . ..."

(The Priest clad in the skin)' of a panther will pour to
the ground,
and bread will be given as offerings ;
the singing women . . . .'
Their forms are standing before Ra,
their persons are protected . . . .'
Rannu^ will come at her hour,
and Shu will calculate his day,

thou shalt awake ' (woe to the bad one !)

He shall sit miserable in the heat of infernal fires.

Make a good day, O holy father,
Neferhotep, pure of hands !
No works of buildings in Egypt could avail,
his resting place is all his wealth . . . .'
Let me return to know what remaineth of him !
Not the least moment could be added to his life,
(when he went to) the realm of eternity.
Those who have magazines full of bread to spend,
even they shall encounter the hour of a last end.
The moment of that day will diminish the valour of the
rich '

Mind thee of the day, when thou too shalt start for the land,

to which one goeth to return not thence.

Good for thee then will have been (an honest life,)

therefore be just and hate transgressions,

for he who loveth justice (will be blessed).

The coward and the bold, neither can fly, (the grave)

the friendless and proud are alike ....

Then let thy bounty give abundantly, as is fit,

(love) truth, and Isis shall bless the good,

(and thou shalt attain a happy) old age.

* Lacuna.
' The panther's skin was the special characteristic of the dress of the
priest of Khem the vivifier.

* Rannu, an Egyptian goddess who presided over the harvest.

13'

THE

STORY OF SANEHA,

AN
EGYPTIAN TALE OF THE Xllth DYNASTY.

TRANSLATED BY

C. W. GOODWIN, M.A.

'T'HE following Egyptian narrative of an auto-
biographical kind may serve to vivify two very
ancient kings, already well known to us by monu-
ments, Amenemha I. and Osirtesen I., the first two
sovereigns of the twelfth dynasty. The papyrus
from \\'hich this narrative is taken is preserved in
the Museum of Berlin, having been purchased by
Dr. Lepsius for that collection in London many years
ago. A fac-slmile of this manuscript and of three
others in the same handwriting was first published in
i860, in the concluding volume of that gigantic work
Denhndlcr ^Egyptcns, Abth. \'i., Bl. 104 and foil. All
four papyri remained undeciphered, notwithstanding

132 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

their tempting appearance, until 1863, when the task
was undertaken simultaneously by M. Chabas and the
writer of the present version, but without concert or
communication. M. Chabas produced the result of his
researches in November, 1863, in a work entitled Les
Papyrus Hic'ratiques de Berlin, recits d'il y a quatre
inille ans. The present writer read his translation to
the Society of Antiquaries, in the month following,
after having seen the work of M. Chabas, but without
having occasion to make any material alteration in
consequence. The two translations in fact, if not
precisely identical, agreed in all essential points.

The four Berlin papyri appear to be the work of
the same hand, yet the writing varies very much in
different parts. The best written parts are those
where the lines are vertical ; when the scribe had got
tired of this arrangement, or, perhaps, when he was
afraid of wanting room, he lapsed into the ordinary
horizontal arrangement of lines, and his writing
becomes careless and bad.

No. I, the subject of this translation, wants the
commencement ; but there remain three hundred and
eleven lines or columns. In some parts the divisions
of sections are distinguished by headings in red ink.

Nos. 2 and 4 contain portions of an extremely
curious legend of a rustic, who is robbed of his asses
by a tyrannical officer, and brings his complaint to
the governor of the province. The governor, at the

STORY OF SANEHA. I33

suggestion of King Nebkara, the last monarch it
seems of the Ilird Dynasty, affects to despise the
appeal, for the purpose of testing the veracity or the
perseverance of the rustic, who utters a series of
eloquent harangues, all of which are taken down in
writing to be reported to the king. This primaeval
law case unluckily wants the final decision, which we
may be satisfied, however, was in the rustic's favour.
The two papyri in which this story is contained are
not parts of the same copy. The text of No. 2
coincides towards the end with the beginning of that
of No. 4, so that they must be parts of two different
copies. A small part of a third copy which supplies
the beginning of the story exists in the British
Museum.

The Berlin papyrus No. 3 contains the concluding
part of a sort of poetical effusion, not veiy easy to
characterize.

Nothing has been recorded as to the finding of
these papyri ; we know not whether they came from
a Theban or a Memphite tomb, or whether from
some other kind of repository ; for it seems strange
that works of this kind should be buried with the
dead. If they came from a tomb they may have
been pieces copied by the occupant with his own
hand, and which he delighted to peruse when alive.
From the style of the handwriting, and from various
peculiarities in the language, they may be unhesi-

134 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

tatingly assigned to the Xllth or Xlllth Dynasties,
that is to the old Egyptian empire, previous to the
invasion of the Hykshos. When the dominion of
Egypt was restored, and the Asiatic invaders ex-
pelled, a certain change had taken place in the
Egyptian language and writing, so that monuments
of this later period are easily distinguishable from
those which belong to the ancient kingdom.

The papyrus No. i, with which we are now princi-
pally concerned, purports to have been composed in
the Xllth Dynasty, and relates, as we have said, to
events in the reigns of its first two kings. The copy
at Berlin is not the composer's autograph, as it closes
with the scribe's note that it had been copied from
beginning to end, as found in the original. In all
probability then the actual text dates from the reign
of one of the later kings of the Dynasty. It belongs
to one of the most remarkable periods of Egyptian
history, about which we happen to be very well
informed by the monuments. With the exception of
the book of the Proverbs of Ptahhotcp, preserved in
the Biblioth^que National e, and \h% Ritual of the Dead,
the works contained in these Berlin papyri are the
most ancient compositions which have been yet
published. A few other papyri of as old, or it may
be an older date, are known to exist.

135
THE STORY OF SAX EH A.

1 . . ■ one of them, to make me obey

2 the words which he had spoken.

3 When I was on the point of setting out,

4 my heart was troubled ; my hands shook,

5 numbness fell on all my limbs.

6 I staggered, yea, I was in perple.xity

7 to find myself a place of repose.

8 I simulated a herbseller in order to travel ;

9 two journeys made I, and returned liack.
10 I desired not to approach this mansion.'
Ill longed to become free.

1 2 I said there is no life besides that.

13 I quitted . . . the house of the sycamore.

14 I lay down at the station of Snefru,

15 I pa^iscd the night watch in a corner of the garden.

16 I rose up when it was day,

17 and found one preparing for a journey.

18 When he perceived me he was afraid.

19 When the hour of supper was come,

20 I arrived at the town of ... .

2 1 I embarked in a barge without a rudder ....

22 I came to Abu .... I made the journey on foot

23 until I came to the fortress which the King

24 had made to keep off the Sakti.'

25 An aged man, a herbseller, received me ;

26 (I was) in alarm seeing the watchers upon tire v.all,

27 in daily rotation.

28 But when the time of darkness was passed,

29 and the dawn came,

30 I proceeded on from place to place,

' The text begins in the middle of a sentence. ' The palace.

' Eastern Foreigners, enemies of Egypt. S.B.

136 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

31 and arrived at the station of Kamur.'

32 Thirst overtook me in my journey,

33 my throat was parched ;

34 I said this is the taste of death.

35 I hfted up my heart, I braced my limbs,

36 I heard the pleasant voice of cattle.

37 I beheld a Sakti.'

38 He demanded of me whither I journeyed (saying),

39 " O thou that art from Egypt."

40 Then he gave me water,

41 he poured out milk for me.

42 I went with him to his people.

43 They brought me on from place to place,

44 I came to ... I arrived at Atima.

45 (Wliile) I was there Ammu-anshi '

46 the King of Upper Tennu* sent for me.

47 He said to me, " Remain with me ;

48 thou mayest hear the language of Egypt."

49 I told him of these affairs

50 (so that) he understood my condition,

5 1 he listened to my disgrace.

52 Certain men of Egypt who were among his guests

53 questioned me. Then he said to me,

54 "To what end hast thou performed these things . . . .

55 Is it true that the wealth of the house of

56 King Amenemha reaches to heaven?

57 That the wealth of it is incredible?"

5 8 I said, " It is certain." I came from tlie land of the Tamahu,'

59 I rebuked my heart, I tamed my courage.

60 I was unwearied in (travelling),

61 I stopped not in the ways of the renegade,

^ A town in Lower Egypt of the 13th or Heliopolite nome, Brugfsch,
Geog. I., 150, 260. S.B.

^ Eastern Foreigner. S.B. ^ Local king not otherwise known.

* Uncertain site, perhaps SilsiUs. S.B. ^ Libya.

bTORY OF SAX EH A. 1 37

62 I was not an idler, not ....

63 no listener to counsels of sloth,

64 my name was not heard in the place of reproof,

65 I relaxed not. \\'hen I was brought

66 to this land," it was as though a god was in it ;

67 a land such as one which a beneficent god presides over,

68 one whose terror extends to the lands like Sechet'

69 in the season of pestilence. He spoke to me,

70 and I answered him, (saying) " Save us !"

7 1 His son comes home, bringing prosperity

72 to the affairs of his father.

73 He also is a god, without fears,

74 none such was ever before him,

75 he is most skilful in affairs,

76 beneficent in mandates, going out and coming in.

77 Wlien he bids, he makes the regions flourish.

78 His father is in his palace,

79 he announces to him how much he has profited.

80 Moreover he is a valiant man,

81 doing deeds of strength with his sword,

82 there is not his equal. Behold him goingupagainstthePetti,'

83 he suppresses violence, he chastens pride,

84 abasing regions, his enemies rise not up again

85 that which is before him stands not,

86 but bows the knee. . .

87 He is joyful when he sees multitudes,

88 he lets not his heart remain behind.

89 He is cheerful when he sees contest,

90 he rejoices when he goes up against the Petti. He takes
his shield ....

91 he redoubles his blows, he smites,

' Egypt-

" Or Pasht, the g-oddesses Sechet, Bast or Bubasis, Ptah, of which one
was the wife, formed with their son Ncfer-Atum the Memphite triad.
' Western Forcii;nL'r>., "Bows." S.B.

138 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

92 and none escape his javelin,

93 not a warrior of the Petti can bend his bow ;

94 his hmbs are hke (those of)

95 the greyhound of the great goddess,

96 his javeHn is named Chemet ' . . . .

97 His country loves him above itself,

98 rejoicing in him above a god

99 Men and women run to call upon his name, (saying),
100 " He is like a King, a conqueror from the egg."

loi His countenance ever since he was born,

102 has multiplied births, and each one is from God.

103 This land rejoices in his rule, he widens his boundaries.

104 He subdues the lands of the south,

105 he covets not the lands of the north.

106 He has become a master over the Sakti,

107 repelling the Nemma-sha.°

108 When he marches forth

109 he knows how to clear the way before him.
no He ceases not to do good to the land

111 of those who are of his race.

112 He ' said to me,

113 "Yea, Egypt is safe; it is good . . .

114 Behold as long as thou art with me,

115 I will do thee good."

116 He placed me over his children,

11 7 he married me to his eldest daughter,

1 1 8 he endowed me with a part of his land

119 of the choicest which belonged to him,

120 from one extremity to the other.

121 It was a good land, Aam ' was its name ;

122 there was the fruit tabh in it, and the fruit aru.

123 It abounded in wines more than in water . . .

1 ((

Desire." ' People whose situation is unknown.

' The King of the Tennu. ■• A Southern tribe.

STORY OF SANEHA. I39

24 Its honc\' was plentiful, and its palms,

25 all its trees were fruit-bearing.

26 There was barley in it, and wheat,

27 there was no limit to its cattle.

28 Moreover, licence was t-onfLrrcd upon me

29 of going wherever I chose.

30 He made me a master of servants

3 1 of the choicest of his land.

32 'rherc was gi\cn me bread nf Man/,'

33 wiiic daily, of flesh a dish, of fowl in a plate,

34 besides the ,L;ame of the field,

35 which was prepared for me,

36 and was brought to nic,

37 besides that which was supplied for my dogs.

3.S There was given me abundance of milk in cxery pail.

39 I ]3assed many years ; children were born to mc.

40 The)' became strong, each one ;

4 1 a valiant ruler over his ser\ants .

42 All men respected me.

43 I ga\e water to the thirsty,

44 I set the wanderer in the w ay.

45 I took away the oppressor of the Sakti,

46 putting a slop to \'iolence ;

47 the rulers of lands, 1 cau^cll them to come.

48 The King of Tennu permitted me

49 to [lass manv vears amongst his people.

50 K\ery land which I visited I caused it to contribute

51 of the forage of its pastures, I divided its cattle,

52 I took away its sla\e population,

53 I delivered ... I smote the men.

54 It fell to my sword and to my bow,

55 at my feet, in my many exploits ....

56 He' was satisfied, he loved me,

' According to M. Chabas, mant is a drink. ' The King-.

140 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

157 perceiving my prowess ;

158 he made me chief of his children,

159 beholding the valour of my arm.

160 There came a strong man of Tennu

161 to challenge me in my dwelling ;

162 he was a distinguished man, he had no rivals,

163 he had driven them all away.

164 He said that he would fight with me ;

165 he hoped to conquer me ;

166 he desired to divide my cattle

167 amongst the troop of his followers.

168 The King consulted about him with me.

169 I said, " I know him not,

170 I have never been his guest,

171 I am far from his dwelling,

172 I have never opened his door,

173 or passed over his hedges.

1 74 He is jealous at seeing me in the performance of his duties,

175 (he wishes) to take from me cats and dogsbesides also cows.

176 He exacts oxen, goats, bulls, to seize them to him.

177 Is there not .... besides me;

178 is there no Petti to smite ....

179 liehold If his desire is to fight,

180 let him tell his business.

181 Doth God forget . . . like those who are dead?"

182 I bent my bow, I drew forth my arrows ;

183 my dagger was blunt, I sharpened it.

184 I accoutred myself

185 When it was dawn, Tennu came,

186 she gathered together all her servants,

187 she marshalled the districts which belonged to her,

188 she longed for this fight.

189 Every heart turned towards me.

190 Women and men shouted.

STORY OF SANEHA. I4I

191 T'Wcry heart was sorry for mc.

192 'J'liL'y saiil, " Is there another champion

193 able to fight with him?"

194 'I'hen (he took) his shield,

195 his javehn, his bundle of darts.

i')(> r.iit when I appeared, armed (to meet) him,

177 I turned aside his arrous to the earth,

19.S so that not one lay by anotliLT.

199 lie exhausted his arrows upon me.

200 My javeliti struck in his nei k,

201 he c lied out (for mere y) he fell ujion his face,

202 I threw to him his sword,

203 I put my chain upon his bai k.
20. 1 I'A'ery Amu was |-;lad.

205 ] devoted his ( oni uliines lo Mf.niu.'

206 The King .Ammii ansiii disc liarged hi:n,

207 and put nie in his oHic e.

joS Then 1 took his t^oods, I ili\ided his cattle,

20I) that wiiic li he desired to do to me I did unto him.

210 1 took possession of the things

211 which were in his home. I shipped his chamber,

212 1 got great treasure and wealth, I got much cattle.

2 1 3 but let (lod be gracious to him whom he hath raised up,

214 whom he dro\e into another land ;

215 let him be like the Siui, his heart mild.

216 Ideeing I fled from before him,

217 I was reeei\ed into a house.

21S Wandering I wandered and was hungry ;

2ic) bread was set before me;

220 I fled from his land naked ;

221 there was gi\en to me line linen.

222 ( )ne . . there were sent to me many concubines.

223 My mansion was spacious, my place was famous,

' Muntii an Egyptian wai-yoJ, a form of the sun.

142 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

224 like a house of all the gods,

225 until I fled from this country.

226 Grant me (to return) home.

227 Permit me to show myself

228 Have I not suffered anxiety?

229 What more is there to boast?

230 (Let me) be buried in the land where I was bom.

231 Let there be a fortunate lot hereafter;

232 grant me pardon.

233 He acts like a beneficent being ....

234 his heart pities him who beseeches him

235 that he may live in the land.

236 He is to him like the Sun.

237 He is gracious,he Hstens to the prayer of one at adistance.

238 He stretches out his arm to smite the earth with it,

239 (and him) who does not bring him oblations.

240 My name (saith he) is King of Egypt ;

241 he who lives in his domains,

242 serving the Queen of the Earth in his house.

243 I hear the complaints of her children.

244 " O let his streams refresh my limbs.

245 Old age descends, infirmity overtakes me,

246 my eyes are heavy, my hands paralyzed, my legs stagger.

247 AVhen numbness of heart comes, bring me forth;

248 let them carry me to the eternal home,

249 the servant of the Lord of all ;

250 yea let them say, ' Happy (new) birth

251 and eternal transmigrations ' to me.''

252 Behold then, spoke His Majesty

253 King Cheperkara," the Blessed,

254 to the superintendent of ... .

25s His Majesty sent him to me with kingly gifts ;

256 yea, he accorded to me, like a ruler of all the lands,

^ Osertesen I. of the 12th dynasty of which this is the prenomen.

STORY OF SANEHA. I43

257 that the King's children who were in his house,

258 should cause their complaints to be heard.

259 Copy of the mandate brought to me

260 " AmeneiMha," hving for ever and to eternity.

261 A royal mandate to the servant Saneha.

262 Behold there is brought unto thee

263 this mandate from the King to inform thee.

264 Thou hast traversed the countries,

265 proceeding from Atima' to Tennu,

266 going from country to country as thy heart Ijid thee.

267 Behold that which thou hast done thou hast done.

268 Thou shalt not be called to account

269 for what thou hast said, or hast not said,

270 in the assembly of the young men,

271 (nor) on account of thy having devised this business.

272 Thy heart accomplished it.

273 Thy heart was not faint.

274 Thou didst aspire to a name which should be

275 in the palace, durable, flourishing, like the sun,

276 exalting its head among the kingdoms of the earth,

277 its offspring in the palace ....

278 Thou hast amassed treasures;

279 they shall be and abide with thee in their fulness . .

280 If thou comest to Egypt,

281 thou shalt see a house prepared for thee.

282 If thou dost homage to the Great House

283 thou shalt be numbered amongst the Counsellors.

284 That is certain.

2S5 Lo ! thou hast arrived at middle age,

286 thou hast passed the flower (of youth).

287 Think upon the day of burial,
2 88 of the passage to Amenti.

' Amenemha I. predecessor and co-reg'ent with Osertesen I.
' Name like Atuma or Edom. S.B.

144 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

289 There shall be given thee jars of cedar oil,

290 wrappages by the hands of . . .,'

291 service shall be done to thee in carrying forth,

292 in the day of burial. An image of gold, the head of
lapis-lazuli,

293 a canopy above thee made of meska'

2 94 beasts for thy hunting, players on instruments before thee.

295 The poor shall make their moan

296 at the door of thy tomb.

297 Prayers shall be addressed to thee ....

298 Strong shall be thy limbs, thy nerves sound,

299 like a Lord in white amongst the King's children.

300 There shall be none before thee in the land,

301 no Amu shall surpass (thee).

302 Thou shalt not be treated like the fleece of a sheep,

303 it shall be done according to thy wish.

304 The great ones of the land shall vie in doing honour
to thee."

305 When this mandate reached me,

306 I was standing in the midst of my people.

307 When it was presented to me I laid myself on my belly.

308 I touched the soil.

309 I gave it to be read out before my chosen men,

310 yea, I caused my household to assemble

311 to fulfil these things, I being myself like one mad,

312 for the regions of . . , yea,

313 the good deliverer inclines his heart to deliver me . . .

314 Thy Majesty permits me to proceed in person home.

315 Copy of the answer to the mandate

316 which I made without (delay), saying,

317 "By most gracious favour,

318 concerning this flight of mine which I made

319 to him that knows it not.

^ Some goddess whose name is lost. ° Some wood.

I I

STORY OF SANEHA.

145

320 Thy Majesty is the good god,

321 Lord of both lands, loving Ra,

322 paying homage to Mf.xtu . . . .'

323 Lord of the scimitar in both lands,

324 Son of Horus-Ra, image of Atho.m '

325 and his society of gods . . '

326 the great Prince of Abydus,

327 the crown Ara' adorns thy head,

328 the Chief regents of the waters of the great sea

329 in the midst of the lands, the great Queen of Punt,*

330 Netpe ' the elder, Ra,

331 and all the gods of the land of Ky\'pt'

332 and the islands of the great sea.

333 May they bring thee life and strength,

334 let them bring their presents,

335 granting their durations without bounds,

336 eternity without limits.

337 Let thy fear increase in the lands and regions.

338 Mayest thou chastise the waters. . . '

339 The message . . .' from the King's Majesty

340 unto me, it is a terror to say it,

341 it is too great to be repeated.

342 The great god, the equal of the Sun god,

343 is mocking me. He himself grants me

344 to be near him to give counsel to him,

345 to be intrusted with his affairs.

346 Thy Majesty is hke HoRU.s,

347 the power of thy arm extends over all lands.

348 The mandate, moreover, which Thy Majesty

349 caused to be brought by another hand from Atima,'

350 unto Anush, e\en unto Kashu,'

' Lacuna. " Or Turn, setting' sun and demiur^os. S.B. ■* Urseus.

* Arabia. -' Or Xid, goddess of the ether. S.B.

^ According to M. Chabas, the land of Edom. S.B.

' Unknown sites. S.B.

VOL. VI. 11

146 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

351 to the Mennus' in the lands . . ." the princes of .

352 May it please Your Majesty,

353 let not Tennu be called to account before thee,

354 as it were thy dogs.

355 Behold this flight which I made,

356 it sought it not, it was not of my counsel,

357 it suggested it not to me, it distinguished not

358 between me and any other person.

359 It was like a dream as it appeared.

360 I journeyed from Abu' . . . .' from the land Unnui,*

361 without fear, without any one coming after me.

362 I listened not to the counsels of sloth,

363 my name was not heard in the voice of doubt,

364 except for a little while, my limbs were rigid,

365 my feet stumbled " God provided me

366 (a guide) in this flight, to lead me.

367 Behold, I am not as one afraid,

368 (I am as) one knowing the land.

369 The Sun god hath put thy fear throughout the land,

370 thy dread is in the region.

371 Before Iwas set as lord over this place,

372 behold thou hadst clothed this dwelling,

373 shining like the Sun.

374 Dost thou desire water from the river?

375 it furnishes drink;

376 dost thou desire rain from heaven?

377 it gives nourishment.

378 Thou speakest, and behold I bequeath my goods

379 to the children which I have begotten in this place.

380 When I have finished doing this,

381 let Thy Majesty do as it pleases thee.

382 I live from the breath which thou givest,

^ Supposed Shepherd race. S.B. ' Lacuna.

' Elephantine. * Unknown sites on the Eastern frontiers. S.B.

STORY OF SANEHA. I47

383 loving the Sun HoRUS

384 the image of thy noble countenance,

385 loving what is agreeable to the lord of Thebes.

386 May he live for ever.''

387 I passed a day in Aam,

388 in distributing my goods to my children.

389 My eldest son was over my servants.

390 My servants, yea, all my goods,

391 were in his hand, my men and all my cattle,

392 my fruit-ljearing trees, and all my woods of dates.

393 When I had finished.

394 I appointed over the regions a director,

395 who was over the workmen,

396 to send word home to give an account.

397 His Majesty sent his chief steward,

398 controller of the royal house.

399 There were loaded boats with him,

400 bearing royal presents of all sorts.

401 The Sakti came to (see) my setting off.

402 I chose out one of them all,

403 in the name of all the officers, for the office of .

404 Upon my return to visit the town again

405 on the morrow morning,

406 they came shouting to me their farewells.

407 Their farewells came for a good journey,

408 to bring me to the palace.

409 When I reached the land

410 I was received by the King's children,

4 1 1 standing on the walls to conduct me ;

4 1 2 the counsellors guided me to the palace,

413 to bring me on the way to the court.

414 I found His Majesty in the Old Place,

415 in the pavilion of pure gold.

' The name of the office is unfortunately lost.

148 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

416 When I was near him I fell on my belly,

417 amazed before him.

418 The god addressed me mildly,

419 I was as one brought out of the dark ;

420 my tongue was dumb, my limbs failed me,

42 1 my heart was no longer in my body,
42 2 to know whether I was alive or dead.

423 His Majesty said to one of the counsellors,

424 " Lift him up, that I may speak to him."

425 His Majesty said,

426 " Behold thou wentest beating the lands, as a run-away.

427 Age has come upon thee.

428 Old age has overtaken thee.

429 It is no small boast thou hast.

430 Not a Petti surpasses thee.

431 Be not silent and without words ; famous is thy name."

432 I was afraid to answer.

433 I answered in terror :

434 " Behold," I said, " oh, my Lord,

435 how can I answer these things ?

436 Behold, is not the hand of God upon me ?

437 It is terrible.

438 It remains within me as something causing (pain).

439 Behold I am before thee.

440 Thou art powerful. Let Thy Majesty

441 do as it pleases thee."

442 When the King's children had been admitted,

443 His Majesty said to the Queen,

444 " Behold Saneha. He went as an Amu,'

445 he has been made into a Sakti."

446 Then arose a very great shout

447 from the King's children, with one voice.

448 They said to His Majesty,

" Asiatic.

STORY OF SAN EH A. 1 49

449 " He is not in the right,

450 oh ! my Lord the King !"

451 His Majesty said, " He is in the right.''

452 Then he caused them to bring their treasures,

453 their chains of . . .' He converted them .

454 to the use of the King.

455 " By the javeUns of the Queen of Heaven . . '

45 6 in whose nostrils is hfe, the Lord of the Stars is reconciled . . '

457 from the mouth of Thy Majesty.

458 Thou hast been merciful

459 as the born Lord of the land.

460 Hail to thee, Lord of all.

461 Strong is thy house, overthrowing thy enemies.

462 Grant the breath which is in men,

463 grant to us that our affairs may prosper in this way.

464 A son of Mehi,' a Petti,

465 born in the land of Egypt, fled in fear of thee.

466 He escaped from the land through dread of thee.

467 being ashamed to behold thy face.

468 Doth not the eye fear to look at thee?"

469 His Majesty said, " Let him not fear,

470 let him cease to be in dread.

471 He shall be a counsellor among the officers,

472 he shall be set among the chosen ones.

473 AVlien ye go forth to the palace

474 precedence shall be given to him.

475 \\'hen he goes out of the palace

476 the King's children shall attend him.

477 proceeding even unto the great gates."

478 1 was installed in the house of a Prince,

479 there were treasures in it, there was a fountain in it,

480 the dews of heaven watered it.

4S1 From the treasury (were sent) garments of kingly attire,
' I.acuna. " The north.

ISO RECORDS OF THE PAST.

482 spices of the finest, such as the King's Nobles love

483 in every chamber. There were all sorts of liquors

484 for my limbs . . . .' for my hair.

485 They were brought from the . . . .'

486 country of clothes by the Nemma-sha.

487 I was clothed with fine linen.

488 I was anointed with the finest oil,

489 I lay down upon a couch, there was given to me . . .'

490 oil of . . . .' wood to anoint myself with it.

49 1 There was given me a house of . . . ' befitting a counsellor.

492 There were many labourers employed to build it,

493 all its timbers were new.

494 There was brought refreshment from the palace

495 three or four times a day,

496 besides what the King's sons gave.

497 No sooner was it finished

498 than I built myself a tomb of stone

499 amongst the tombs of the chief officers.

500 His Majesty chose its site.

501 The chief painter designed it, the sculptors carved it,

502 the chief purveyor who was over the upper country,

503 brought earth to it;

504 all the decorations were made of hewn stone.

505 When it was ready I was made

506 superior lord of the field in which it was,

507 near the town, as was done to the chief counsellor.

508 My image was engraved upon its portal,

509 of pure gold. His Majesty caused it to be done.

510 No other was made like unto it.

511! was in favour of the King until the day of his death came.

512 It is finished (from) its beginning to its end

513 as it was found in the copy.

' Lacuna.

lil

THE TALE

THE GARDEN OF FLOWERS.

A STORY OF EGYPTIAN' SOCIAL LIFE
IN THE XlXth IiVXASTY.

TRANSLATED BY

!\I. FRANCOIS CHABAS.

'T'HIS singular and gjraphic stor)-, which like many
other Egyptian MSS. is unfortunately onl>- a frag-
ment, is contained in one of the hieratic pap^-ri
belonging to the Museum at Turin. The original
was published by MM. Plc\'te and de Rossi, in
Lc Papyrus dc Turin, PI. 79, 80, 81, 82. It con-
-sists of several separate fragments which have been
put in order by myself M}- translation was first
read before the Academic des Inscriptions et Belles-
Lettres at Paris, 17th April 1874, and published in
Lcs Cotiiptcs rendu::, 4e. serie, Tom. II, p. 117. It is
substantially the same as that which is now presented
in an English version. As illustrating the character
of Eg}-ptian social life, and as a parallel to the de-

152 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

scription of " The woman that flattereth with her
lips " in the Book of Proverbs, this episode, short as
it is, has a pecuhar value.

Another tale of the same purport occurs among the
papyri collected for the Museum at Boulaq by His
Excellency Mariette-Bey, but it unfortunately is still
in a far worse condition than the Episode of the Garden
of Flozvcrs. Of the original papyrus, which like the
former belongs to the time of the Ramses, nearly
cotemporary with the Exodus of the Jews, there
remain only seventeen fragments, which are so short
and imperfect that their sequence will always be a
puzzle. What can be decyphered relates to an
Egyptian who fell, like the hero of the tale of the
flower garden, in a love net, and was entrapped by
some Messenger of love. He followed the charmer
to a place where he perceived several youths
who were crowned with flowers and lying upon
couches. Mention occurs of garments taken away,
as in the story of Joseph. Colloquies abound and
generally run on the subject of sweet or bitter re-
collections of the past, oaths, bliss never to be realized
love-declarations and reproaches, intermingled with
narratives of robberies and bastinadoes. There
remains enough to awaken regret for the loss of a
document which when entire, contained the most
eventful romance yet found amongst the few remnants
already known of the Egyptian literature.

153

THE TALE OF THE GARDEN OF FLOWERS.

1 She led me, hand in hand, and we went into her garden
to converse together.

2 There she made me taste (of) excellent honey.

3 The rushes (of the garden) were verdant and (all) its
bushes flourishing.

4 There were currant (trees) and cherries redder than
the ruby.'

5 The ripe peaches " (of the garden) resembled bronze,

6 and the groves had the lustre of the stone nas/icm,'

7 The vieiini'' unshelled like cocoa nuts they brought
to us,

8 its shade was fresh and air\-, and soft for the repose of
love.

9 When she met me, the daughter of the Chief (high)
Superintendent of the orchards

10 had sent her as the messenger of love,

1 1 " Come to me," she called unto me,

I 2 " and enjoy thyself a day in the room of a young girl who
belongs to me,

13 the garden is to-day in its glory'

14 there is a terrace and a parlour"'

[Here there is a lacuna of about one line. The messenger now
addresses herself to the seductive Phrjne who has sent her.]

15 "When noble fiien behold thee' they are joyful, and thy
sight ravishes them,

1 6 let them come to thy habitation,

' Fruits termed kaiou and iipau, which probably had nothing in
common with cherries and currants except their colour.

" The Persea fruit, a species of sacred almond.
' Green felspar or (Amazon stone, Leps. Todl. c. 159). * An unknown fruit.
' Literally, " in its day glory." ' In the French text rendered l-oudoir.

154 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

17 and bring their precious jewels with them,

18 that they may be intoxicated by thy embraces, without
Iiaving been drunk.

19 Hear me, they come with their riches,

20 and they bring the hquor hak^

2 1 for all thy young maidens, (they bring)

22 all kinds of bread for repast,

23 cakes of yesterday, and fresh of to-day,

24 and all the delicious fruits for parties of pleasure.

25 Come, and make this a happy day."

26 From the first to the third day she was seated in the
shade

27 her Khenmh" was at her right hand, and her servant'

28 carried out all her orders.

29 A cask of beer was placed upside down

30 that she might drink thereof at her pleasure, and her
brother' also.

3 1 Her servant was a sister in her rendezvous,

32 ..... .

[Here ends the second page, the commencement of the third
is wanting as is also the first words of all the remaining lines ;
from them we gather that the young lover, who is described as a
prince, entered into the enjoyment of the voluptuous pleasures
prepared for him by the lady, the messenger' then comes
to him to profit by his liberality while his good humour remains,
and urges him to — ]

33 " Bestow on her (the lady) a necklace of lapis lazuli, or

of lilies ' and tulips,

• »

^ A kind of beer imported from Syria.
^ The khenmh or Master, was the so called Lena j possibly the same as
the "keeper" in Canticles.

^ A favourite maiden.
' The word brother seems here to be used in the same sense, as the
term fraier sometimes is in Latin poetry.
^ Vevtremelteuse, in the French translation.

' Probably a collar of gold lotus blossoms inlaid with precious stones
or enamelled en doisomie.

TALE OF THE GARDEN OF FLOWERS. 155

34 give enough for all her maidens,

35 and let this be a day of joyfulness."

[The Prince now speaks.]

36 " I came forth from the shady bower, from the secret
place,

37 and the maidens perceived me and said,

38 ' Behold him, he is really going away,

39 come let us caress him, and make him fulfil his day; '

40 let us use all our arts to retain him.'

41 She had in her mouth a sycomore fniit.

42 Her gardener came and said unto her,

43 'Attention, (listen) it is the brother of the Queen

44 thou art then comjiarable to this august lady.'

45 If there is no servant, I myself will be the waiter,

46 who will serve thee when those whom thy love captivates,
(upon this) '

47 she suffered him to place her in her pavillion in the
grove,

48 She offered me no coarse (common) beverage to drink.

49 I did not fill my stomach with river water.

50 We amused ourselves by jesting and saying : 'AH drinking
is forbidden here '^

51 By my life my well beloved one, bring me close to thee.

52 The sycomore fig '

[Here ends the lower part of page three. From the fragments
that remain the following sentences may be restored.]

53 Gi\'e me the sycomore fig that thy lips have tasted

54 and let me eat of it.

55 I do not kiss with my lips only."

^ Gen. xxix. 37.
' The g-ardener addresses the Prince ; this frequent and interrupting
change of person is common in Egyptian composition.

^ Ironically as if it were a sacred place, wine being forbidden to be
drunk in the temples, see Herod. Eulerfe, 63, Plutarch, de hid, 6, and
Gontlwtii Hierati U'riiini^, 1S5S.

"* Lacuna.
* The original is too anomalous for translation even in a Latin dress.

156 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

56 . . . . _ .

57 such were my pleasures in the PaviUion of the grove.

58 There I rested all the while;

59 she was with me as a sister with her brother.

60 Then came there other lovers (to her bower),

61 they were intoxicated with mustuni; '

62 they made themselves drunk with palm wine,

63 and the perfumed drink of Kemi.''

64 All desire to depart forsook me,

65 and I stayed in that garden twelve months.

66 (Then I perceived at last that they deceived me.)

67 Then I threw away the tulip,

68 the one that I had placed the evening before in my
chamber.'

69 (I reproached myself)

70 I who am a great military Chief! *

7 1 They look upon me as an inferior Captain.

72 if they recommence this (rude) behaviour

73 I will not be silent to them about it *

74 (At the next interview)

75 The crime is discovered (and)

76 I undergo the punishment of thy love

77 That TumS '"•

[These are the last words of the text which are now visible. The
prince seems to charge (some deity) to avenge him. The Tale
implies a longer termination which may be however considered
as irretrievably lost.]

^ In French inout.

^ A composite liquor like Metheglin.

^ The tulip was probably more particularly mentioned in that portion
of the story which is missing, it may have been a love token.

** LacuntE.

^ Turn, or Atum, the god of the setting sun, perhaps the deity who
should avenge the Prince on the courtesans.

157

LISTS OF FURTHER TEXTS FOR TRANSLATION.

ASSYRIAN.

ARRANGED BY

GEORGE SMITH.

Uteris on History and Chronology.

Eponym Canon (Cun. Ins., Vol. Ill, p. i).
Historical Canon (Cun. Ins., Vol. II, p. 52).
Synchronous History (Cun. Ins., ^'ol. II., p. 65).

Histoi ical.

Legends of Izdubar (texts unpublished). (Deluge Tablets.]
Inscriptions of Urukh king of Babylonia (Cun. Ins., \o\. I

Inscriptions of Dungi son of Urukh (Cun. Ins., A'ol. I, p. 2)
Early Babylonian Dated Tablets (texts unpublished).
Brick of Samsi-vul I, ruler of Assyria (Cun. Ins., \'ol. i, p. 6)
Inscription of Agu and other early kings.
Inscriptions of Burna-buriyas king of Babylon (Cun. Ins.

Vol. I, p. 4, etc.).
Inscriptions of Kuri-galzu king of Babylon (Cun. Ins.

Vol. I, p. 4, etc.).
Inscriptions of Pudil king of Assyria (Revue -A.r., Nov., 1869)
Monolith of Maruduk-bal-idina I, king of Babylonia (text

unpublished).
Tablet of Vul-nirari I, king of .\ssyria (text unpubHshed).
Small Inscriptions of Vul-nirari (various).
Inscriptions of Shalmaneser I, king of Ass)Tia (various).

IS8 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

Inscriptions of Tugulti-ninip, king of Assyria (various un-
published; one Cun. Ins., Vol. Ill, p. 4).

Inscriptions of Assur-risilim, king of Assyria (Cun. Ins.,
Vol. Ill, p. 3).

Brick and Cone Inscriptions of Vul-bal-idina, king of Babylon
(various).

Inscriptions of Nebuchadnezzar I, king of Babylonia (un-
published).

Cylinder of Tiglath-Pileser I, king of Assyria (Cun. Ins.,
Vol. I, pp. 9-16).

Other fragments of Tiglath-Pileser (various).

Contracts dated in the reign of Maruduk-nadin-ahi, king of
Babylon (various).

Inscriptions of Assur-bel-kala, king of Assyria (Cun. Ins.,
Vol. I, p. 6).

Inscriptions of Samsivul IV, king of Assyria (Cun. Ins.,
Vol. Ill, p. 3).

Contract dated in the reign of Simma-sihu king of Babylon
(Layard's Ins., p. 53).

Inscriptions of Assur-nazir-pal (various).

Bull Inscription of Shalmaneser II (Layard's Ins., p. 12, etc.).

Inscriptions of Vul-nirari III, king of Assyria (Cun. Ins.,
Vol. I. p. 35).

Fragments of Annals of Tiglath-Pileser II, king of Ass)rria
(various).

Fragments of Inscriptions Shalmaneser IV, king of Assyria
(various).

Inscription of the Second Year of Sargon (unpublished).

Nimrud Inscription of Sargon (Layard's Ins., p. 33).

Cyhnder (Barrel) of Sargon (Cun. Ins., Vol. I, p. 36).

Prism of Sargon (unpublished).

Fasti of Sargon (Botta).

Annals of Sargon (Botta).

Other Inscriptions of Sargon (various).

LISTS OF FURTHER TEXTS. 1 59

Tablet of Kalah Shergat.

Nebbi Yunas Tablet (Cun. Ins., Vol. I, pp. 43, 44).

Bull Inscriptions of Sennacherib (Cun. Ins., \'ol. Ill, pp. 12

and 13).
Other Inscriptions of Sennacherib (various).
Cylinder of ' Esarhaddon king of Assyria (Cun. Ins., Vol. I,

PP- 45-47)-
Various other Inscriptions of Esarhaddon (Cun. Ins.,

Vol. I, etc.).
Egyptian Campaign of Esarhaddon (S. 2027).
Portions of Cylinders B, C, D, and E, of Assurbanipal

(Smith's Assurbanipal).
Various Historical Tablets of Assurbanipal (Smith's Assur-
banipal).
Hunting Texts of Assurbanipal (Cun. Ins., Vol. I, p. 7).
Inscriptions of Assur-ebel-ili king of Assyria (Cun. Ins., Vols.

I and III).
Cylinder of Bcl-zakir-iskun king of Assyria (Cun. Ins. Vol. I,

p. 8).
Inscription of Nabopalassar king of Babylonia (unpublished).
Senkereh Cylinder of Nebuchadnezzar (Cun. Ins., ^'ol. I.

P-5i)-
Borsippa Cylinder of Nebuchadnezzar (Cun. Ins., Vol. I,

P; 51)-
Various other texts of Nebuchadnezzar.
Tablet dated in the reign of Evil Merodach, king of Babylon.
Cylinder of Nergal-shar-ezer king of Babylon (Cun. Ins.,

Vol. I, p. 67).
Cylinders of Nabonidas king of Babylon (Cun. Ins., Vol. I,

pp. 68, 69).
Other texts of Nabonidas (various).
Brick of C\tus, king of Babylon (Trans. Soc. Bib. Ar., Vol. 11,

pt. I). '
Inscription on Tomb of Cyrus.

l6o RECORDS OF THE PAST.

Dated Tablets in reign of Cambyses (various).

Inscriptions of Darius.

Inscriptions of Xerxes, king of Persia.

Inscriptions of Artaxerxes, king of Persia.

Later Inscriptions of Persian, Greek, and Parthian periods.

Mythology and Religion {mostly unpublished).
The Lubara Legends.
History of the Evil Spirits.
Hymn to the Moon God.
Hymns to Ninip.
The War of the Gods.
Names and Titles of Ishtar.
Incantations for removing Curses.
Prayers of Amil-urgal.
Prayer against Eclipses.
Various other Prayers.

Various Mythological Stories and Invocations.
Tablets against Witchcraft.

Fable {unpjiblished ).
The Horse and the Ox.

Government (mostly unpublished).
Tablet with Advice and Cautions to Kings.
Various Reports and Despatches.
Various Tablets with Laws and Reports of Law Cases.

Private Life.
Further Deeds of Sale and Barter.
Further Loan Tablets.
Private Letters.
Lists of Property.

Science, etc. {partly unpublished).
Geographical Lists.
Lists of Animals and Birds (Delitzsch).

LISTS OF FURTHER TEXTS. l6l

Lists of Minerals and their uses.
Lists of ^\'ooden Objects.
Grammatical Tablets (a selection from).
Mathematical Tablets.

Astrology and Astronomy.

Further Selections from the great Chaldean A\'ork on As-
trology.

Further Selections from Astronomical and Astrological
Reports.

A Selection of Omens from Terrestrial Objects and Events."

PHCEXICIAX.
Sarcophagus of Ashmunazer (Due de Luynes, Miinoirc,

1856).
Marseilles Inscription (Judas, 1857).
The Moabite Stone (Ginsburg, 187 1).
Selected Mortuary Inscriptions.

KYPRIOTE.
The Tablet of Dali.
Selected Kypriote Inscriptions.

' Selections of these only printed in \'ol. I.

VOL. VL 12

l62

EGYPTIAN.

{Tentative List only.)

ARRANGED BY

P. LE PAGE RENOUF, F.R.S.L.

Historical Documents.
Ancient Empire :

Inscription of Cheops (Boulaq).

Inscription of Tomb of Ameni (Benihassan I).

„ Tomb of Nahre-si Chnum-hotep (Beni-

hassan II).
Xlth Dynasty :

Sepulchral Inscription of Ameni (Birch).
XVIIIth Dynasty :

Inscription of Aahmes son of Abna(Denk. Ill, pi. 12).
„ Aahmes, formerly called Pensouvan

(Louvre C, 49).
„ Thothmes I, at Kamak (Denk. Ill, 18).

,, Hat-a-su (Duemichen, Hist. Ins., 19, 20).

Other Monuments of Thothmes III (Birch and De

Roug^).
Inscription of Amen-em-heb at Abd-el-Gumah (Ebers).
Inscription of Haremhebi.
Inscriptions of Amenophis III (Denk. Ill, 65 and

following).
Monuments of the Disk Worshippers.
XlXth Dynasty :

Triumphal Inscription of Seti I at Kamak (Denk. Ill,

126).
Inscription of Seti I, at Radesieh.
Sarcophagus of Seti I (Bonomi).

LISTS OF FURTHER TEXTS. 1 63

Dedicatory Inscription of Rameses II, at Abydos

(Maspero).
Triumphal Inscriptions (Denk. Ill, 165, etc).
Historical Inscription at Abusimbel (187).
Great Tablet at Abusimbel (194).
Inscription of Bek-en-chonsu (Deveria).
List of Kings :

Turin Papyrus.
Tablet of Abydos.
Tablet of Sakkarah.
XXth Dynasty :

Inscription of Seti II (Duemichen, Hist. Ins., 1-5).

,, Rameses III (Rosellini, Burton, Greene,

and Duemichen, tibi supra 13 to 15).
The Great Harris Papyrus of Rameses II. : remaining
two sections.
XXIst Dynasty :

Tablet 4th year of Rameses IV.
Tablet of Temple of Chonsu at Kamak.
Ethiopic period :

Inscription of Queen Madsenen^

Inscription of King Nastosenen |.Mariette's Monuments.
"Stfele de I'inthronisation." J
Persian and Ptolemaic :

Inscription of Darius (El Khargeh).
Tablet of Aahmes (Pierret).
Statuette Naophore du \'atican.
Tablet of Tafnecht at Naples.
Inscription of Ptolemy son of Lagos.
Inscription of Alexander Acgos (Zeitschrift).
Tablet of Canopus.

" Bauurkunde der Tempelanlagen von Edfu" (Due-
michen).
Two Ptolemaic Tablets (Birch).

164 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

Selection of Obelisk Inscriptions.
„ Apis Tablets.

Religious or Magical Texts.

Ancient Forms of Sepulchral Offerings, etc. (Tablets of

Ancient Empire).
The Ritual of the Dead.
Spells in Lepsius (" Aelteste Texte").
Harris Magical Papyrus.
Magical Papyrus (Louvre).

" Horus on Crocodiles" (various texts, Leydenand elsewhere).
Spells in Tomb of Bek-en-ren-ef
" Mettemich Tablet."
Legend of Horus (Naville).
The Rhind Papyri.
Sarcophagus of Aroeri (Bonomi).
„ Necht-en-heb.

„ T'at-hra (Louvre).

„ British Museum, 32.

Litanies of the Sun (Denk. Ill, 203).
Apis Stelae (a very large number).
Selection of Hymns, such as the following :

To Ammon (Denk. Ill, 237).

Other Hymns to Ammon (Goodwin).

Ap-heru-mes (Berlin, in Brugsch Monumens, pi. III).

Meri ( „ „ „ pi. IV).

Fragments of the Hymns of the Disk Worshippers.

Several in British Museum.

„ Duemichen's publications.

Great Psalm to Ammon (Leyden I, 350).
Calendar of Lucky and Unlucky days (Sallier, Chabas).
Calendars of Festivals from as Early Date as possible to

Roman Period.

LISTS OF FURTHER TEXTS. 165

Literature, Philosophy, Science, Economy.
Proverbs, Prisse Papyrus (Chabas).
Moral Precepts (Louvre).
" Rules of Life " (Papyrus at Boulaq, lately published by

Marietta).
Song of the Oxen (Denk. Ill, lo).
Three Amatory Songs (Goodwin).
Medical Papyrus (BerHn).

,, „ (British Museum).

„ ,, (Ebers Papyrus).

Geometrical Papyrus (British Museum).
Calendar of Astronomical Observations in Tombs of XXth

Dynasty (Renouf).
Letters on all varieties of subjects in the Sallier, Anastasi,

Leyden, and Bologna Papyri.
Registers, etc., (RoUin and other Papyri).
Accounts (Louvre).
Receipts for making Kyphi, etc.
Catalogues of the Temple Library at Edfu.

Law and Police.

Abbott Papyrus (Spoliation of Tombs).

" Pap. Judiciaire de Turin " (Deveria).

"Pap. Judiciaire Amhurst" (Chabas).

Report on Capture of Fugitive Slaves (Leyden I, 368,

Chabas).
Complaint against Paneba (British Museum Papyrus, Salt,

Chabas).
Petition to king Amenophis (Chabas).
Complaint agamst Thefts committed by certain ^\'orkmen

(Chabas).

i66

LIST OF ARTICLES

Which have appeared in ttie "RECORDS OF THE PAST"
up to this date, Feb. j, iSyd.

EGYPTIAN TEXTS.

Inscription of Una.
Annals of Thothmes III.

Statistical Tablet.

Tablet of Thothmes III.

Battle of Megiddo.

Inscription of Amen-em-heb.

Inscription of Anebni.

Inscription of Aahmes.

Obelisk of the Lateran.
Tablet of 400 Years.
Invasion of Eg)rpt by the Greeks in the reign of

Meneptah.
Dirge of Menephtah I.
The Possessed Princess.
Rosetta Stone.

Sepulchral Inscription of Ameni.
Annals of Rameses III.

The Conquests in Asia.
Egyptian Magical Text.

By S. BIRCH, LL.D.

LIST OF TRAN'SLATIONS. 167

The Great Harris Papyrus. Part I.

By Messrs. Eisenlohr and Birch.

Hymn to Amen-Ra.

Tale of the Doomed Prince.

Treaty of Peace Between Rameses II. and the Hittites.

NeapoUtan Stele.

Festal Dirge of the Egyptians.

Letter of Panbesa.

Hymns to Amen.

The Story of Saneha.

By C. W. Goodwin, M.A.

Instructions of Amenemhat I.
Ethiopian Annals.

Stele of the Dream.

Stfele of the Excommunication.

Stele of the Coronation.

Stfele of King Horsiatef

By G. Maspero.

War of Rameses II with the Khita.

By Prof. E. L. Lushesgton.

Inscription of Pianchi Mer- Anion.
Hymn to the Nile.

By Rev. F. C. G.ok, M.A.

Tablet of Nefer-Hotep.
The Tablet of Ahmes.
Inscription of Queen Madsenen.
The Inscription of the Governor Nes-hor.
By Paul Pierret.

t68 records of the past.

Travels of an Egyptian.

Obelisk of Rameses II.

Hymn to Osiris.

The Tale of the Garden of Flowers.

By Francois Chabas.

Lamentations of Isis and Nephthys.
The Book of the Respirations.

By P. J. DE HoRRACK-

Tale of the Two Brothers.

Tale of Setnau.

Inscription of Aahmes son of Abana.

By P. LE Page Renouf.

The Destruction of Mankind.

By Edouard Naville.

The Song of the Harper.

By LuDwiG Stern.

Egyptian Calendar.
Table of Dynasties.
Measures and Weights.

ASSYRIAN TEXTS.

Inscription of Rimmon-Nirari.
Monolith Inscription of Samas-Rimmon.
Babylonian Exorcisms.
Private Will of Sennacherib.

LIST OF TRANSLATIONS. 1 69

Assyrian Private Contract Tablets.

Assyrian Astronomical Tablets.

Assyrian Calendar.

Tables of Assyrian Weights and Measures.

Synchronous History of Assyria and Babylonia.

Tablet of Ancient Accadian Laws.

Kurkh Inscription of Shalmaneser.

Table of Assyrian Laws.

Accadian Liturgy. '\

Babylonian Charms.

Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser IL

Accadian Hymn to I star.

Tables of Omens.

By Rev. A. H. Savce, M.A.

Inscription of Khammurabi.
Bellino's Cylinder of Sennacherib.
Taylor's Cylinder of Sennacherib.
Legend of the Descent of Ishtar.
Inscription of Esarhaddon.
Second Inscription of Esarhaddon.
Sacred Assyrian Poetry.
Sargina I. Infancy text.
Inscription of Nabonidus.
Darius Inscription Nakshi-Rustam.
War of Seven Evil Spirits.

By H. Fox Talbot, F.R.S.

Annals of Assurbanipal.
Early History of Babylonia. Part I.

Part IL

By George Smith.

170 RECORDS OF THE PAST.

Behistun Inscription of Darius.
Inscription of Tiglath Pileser I.

By Sir H. Rawlinson, K.C.B., D.C.L.

Annals of Assur-nasir-pal.
Inscription of Nebuchadnezzar.
Inscription of Tiglath Pileser II.
Inscription of Neriglissar.

By Rev. J. M. Rodwhll.

RECORDS OF THE PAST.

VOL. I.

ASSYRIAN TEXTS.

CONTENTS :

INSCRIPTION OF RIMMON-NIRARI.
Bv REV, A. tt SAYCE, M.A.

INSCRIPTION OF KHAMMURABI.
By H. fox TALBOT, F.R.S.

MONOLITH INSCRIPTION OF S AM AS-RI M M ON.
By REV. A. H. SAYCE, M.A.

BELLINO'S CYLINDER OF SENNACHERIB.
By H. FOX TALBOT, F.R.S.

TAYLOR'S CYLINDER OF SENNACHERIB.
By H. FOX TALBOT, F.R.S.

ANNALS OF ASSURBANIPAL (CYLINDER A).
Bv GEORGE SMITH.

BEHISTUN INSCRIPTION OF DARIUS.
By SIR H. RAWLINSON, K.C.B., D.C.L.

BABYLONIAN EXORCISMS.
Bv REV. A. H. SAYCE, M.A.

PRIVATE WILL OF SENNACHERIB.
Bv REV, A. H. SAYCE, M.A,

ASSYRIAN PRIVATE CONTRACT TABLETS.
By REV. A. H. SAYCE, M.A.

LEGEND OF THE DESCENT OF ISHTAR.
By H. FOX TALBOT, F.R.S.

ASSYRIAN ASTRONOMICAL TABLETS.
Bv REV. A. H. SAYCE, M.A.

ASSYRIAN CALENDAR.
Bv REV. A. H. S.\YCE, M.A.

TABLES OF ASSYRIAN WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
By REV. A. H. S.\YCE, M..\.

LISTS OF FURTHER TE.VTS, ASSYRIAN AND

EGYPTIAN.

Selected by GEORGE SMITH, and P. LE PAGE RENOUF.

RECORDS OF THE PAST.

VOL. II.

EGYPTIAN TEXTS.

CONTENTS:

INSCRIPTION OF UNA.
By S. birch, LL.D.

INSTRUCTIONS OF AMENEMHAT I.
By G. MASPERO.

ANNALS OF THOTHMES III.

Statistical Tablet. Tablet of Thothmes III. Battle of Megiddo.

Inscription of Amen-em-heb.

By S. birch, LL.D.

THE WARS OF RAMESES II WITH THE KHITA.
By prof. E. L. LUSHINGTON.

INSCRIPTION OF PIANCHI MER-AMON.
By rev. F. C. cook, M.A., Canon of Exetee.

TABLET OF NEWER-HOTEP.
By PAUL PIERRET.

TRAVELS OF AN EGYPTIAN.
By FRANCOIS CHABAS.

THE LAMENTATIONS OF ISIS AND NEPHTHYS.
By p. J. DE HORRACK.

HYMN TO AMEN-RA.
By C. W. GOODWIN, M.A.

the tale of the two brothers.

By p. le page renouf.

the tale of the doomed prince.

By C. W. GOODWIN, M.A.

EGYPTIAN CALENDAR. TABLE OF DYNASTIES.

EGYPTIAN MEASURES AND WEIGHTS.

LISTS OF FURTHER TEXTS, ASSYRIAN AND

EGYPTIAN.

Selected by GEORGE SMITH and P. LE PAGE RENOUF.

RECORDS OF THE PAST.

VOL. III.

ASSYRIAN TEXTS.

CONTENTS:

EARLY HISTORY OF BABYLONIA.
BY GEORGE SMITH.

TABLET OF ANCIENT ACCADIAN LAWS.

SYNCHRONOUS HISTORY OF ASSYRIA AND
BABYLONIA.

BY REV. A. H. SAYCE, M.A.

ANNALS OF ASSU R-N ASIR-P AL.
BY REV. J. M. RODWELL, M.A.

KURKH INSCRIPTION OF SHALMANESER.
BY REV. A. H. SAYCE, M.A.

INSCRIPTION OF ESARHADDON.

SECOND INSCRIPTION OF ESARHADDON.

BY H. F. TALBOT, F.R.S.

AN ACCADIAN LITURGY.
BY REV. A. H. SAYCE, M.A.

SACRED ASSYRIAN POETRY.
BY H. F. TAI.BOT, F.R.S.

BABYLONIAN CHARMS.
BY REV. A. H. S.WCE, M.A

LIST OF FURTHER TE.XTS.

RECORDS OF THE PAST.

VOL. IV.

EGYPTIAN TEXTS.

CONTENTS:

HISTORICAL TEXTS:—

ANNALS OF THOTHMES III.:—

Inscription of Anedni. Inscription of Aahmes. Obelisk of the

Lateran.

BY S. BIRCH, LL.D.

OBELISK OF RAMESES II.

BY FRANCOIS CHABAS.

TREATY OF PEACE BETWEEN RAMESES II. AND

THE HITTITES.

BY C. W. GOODWIN. M.A.

TABLET OF 400 YEARS.

INVASION OF EGYPT BY THE GREEKS IN

THE REIGN OF MENEPHTAH.

DIRGE OF MENEPHTAH. POSSESSED PRINCESS.

BY S. BIRCH, LL.D.

TABLET OF AHMES.

BY PAUL PIERRET.

NEAPOLITAN STELE.

BY C. W. GOODWIN, M.A.

ROSETTA STONE.

BY S. BIRCH, LL.D.

ETHIOPIAN ANNALS:—

STELE OF THE DREAM.

BY G. MASPERO.

INSCRIPTION OF QUEEN MADSENEN.

BY PAUL PIERRET.

STELE OF THE EXCOMMUNICATION.

BY G. MASPERO.

MYTHOLOGICAL AND ROMANTIC TEXTS:—

HYMN TO OSIRIS.

BY FRANCOIS CHABAS.

HYMN TO THE NILE.

BY REV. F. C. COOK.

FESTAL DIRGE OF THE EGYPTIANS

BY C. W. GOODWIN, M.A.

BOOK OF RESPIRATIONS.

BY P. J. DF, HORRACK.

TALE OF SETNAU.

BY P. LE PAGE RENOUF.

LIST OF FURTHER TEXTS.

RECORDS OF THE PAST.

VOL. V.

ASSYRIAN TEXTS.

HISTORICAL TEXTS:

LEGEND OF THE INFANCY OF SARGINA 1.

BY H. F. TALBOT, F.R.S.

INSCRIPTION OF TIGLATH-PILESER I.
BY SIR HENRY RAWLINSON, K.C.B., D.C.L., ETC.

BLACK OBELISK INSCRIPTION OF SHALMANESER U.
BY REV.. A. H. SAVCE, M.A.

INSCRIPTION OF TIGLATH-PILESER II.
BY REV. J. M. RODWELL, M.A.

EARLY HISTORY OF BABYLONIA, PART II.
BY GEORGE SMITH.

INSCRIPTION OF NEBUCHADNEZZAR.
BY REV. J. M. RODWELL, M.A.

INSCRIPTION OF NERIGLISSAR.
BY REV. J. M. RODWELL, M.A.

INSCRIPTION OF NABONIDUS.
BY H. F. TALBOT, F.R.S.

INSCRIPTION OF DARIUS AT N AKS H I-RUSTAM.
BY H. F. TALBOT, F.R.S.

MYTHICAL TEXTS:

ACCADIAN HYMN TO ISTAR.

BY REV. A. H. SAVCE, M.A.

WAR OF THE SEVEN EVIL SPIRITS AGAINST HEAVEN.
BY H. F. TALBOT, F.R.S.

TABLES OF OMENS.
BY REV. A. H. SAY'CE, ILA.

LIST OF FURTHER TEXTS.

ASSYRIAN AND EGYPTIAN CLASSES.

SECOND SESSION.

These Classes recommenced under the sanction of the
Society of Biblical Archaeology on 7th February, 1876.

The Egyptian Class is held on the Saturdays in
February, March, and April, at Eight p.m. and it is
conducted by Dr. Birch, and Mr. P. Le Page Renouf.

The Assyrian Class is held on the Monday after-
noons during the same months at Five p.m. and it is
conducted by the Rev. A. H. Sayce.

The Admission to these Classes is free, by tickets, to be
obtained on appHcation to the Secretary, Mr. W. R. Cooper,
9, Conduit Street, W.

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