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i^ICHELIN'S ILLUSTRATED GUIDES
TO THE BATTLEFIELDS (1914-1918)

LILLE

BEFORE AND DURING THE WAR

Published

In France -. by MICHELIN & C'« — CLERMONT-FERRAND

In England : by MICHELIN TYRE C L'" — 81, Fulham Road, LONDON, S.W.

In the U.S.A. : by MICHELIN TIRE C — MILLTOWN, N. J.

BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE

JACOB H. SCHIFF

ENDOWMENT FOR THE PROMOTION

OF STUDIES IN

HUMAN CIVILIZATION

1918

iTBte Due

jA^j-^itp^

0& T- 4-H 99 » -

Hote

k.ey to^AFBTtrai

flSsjjB Comtortable hotels, with mo- j 100 m. About 100 yards from the hotel,

dern. or modernised installn. ( Depot tor " bouteilles

flSs Well-managed hotels. Compressed air ] d'air Michelin " for

ICCJ Oent'al Heating. (inflation of tyres.

[Lj Electric Light. IT= Repair shop.

|BJ Batii-room. Agt de Manufacturer's agent.

[WCJ Modern W. C's. [3] Garage and number of cars it

^104 Telephone Number. will accomodate.

-T* Telegrapfiic address. U Inspection pit.

Gar [6] Accommodation for automo- [E] Petrol can be obtained here.

biles and the number of cars E" Electric plant where accumula-

which can be accommodated. tors may be recharged.

Box Private lock-up compartments. lA-A] Ajient of " Automobile Associa-

Att Adjoining the hotel. j tlon" of England.

HOTELS and MOTOR=AGENTS

{fiSSiB Hotel Bellevue, 35. rue Jean-Roisin et ^7-19, arande-Place, Lift [CC] [Li

[B] [WC) Gar. 100 m. (20] -r H6tel Bellevue ^ 12-98.
SiSA Hdtel de I'Europe, 30-S3, rue Basse, Lift [CC] [L] [B] [WCl Gar. [15] U ^4.75.
{Qj Hotel et Restaurant de la Paix, 46, rue de Paris, [CC] [L][B1 IWC] Gar. att.
m 1539.

t^" STOCK MICHELIN (Compressed air) Garage Dulleux, S6. rue de I'HdpUat-Mili-
taire. Annexe : rue de Fontenay. Agt de : Corre la Licorne, [30] t [E] E'.'
[A-A] -T' Dulieux-Automobiles ^ 14.04.

— STOCK MK HELIN (Compressed air) Agence Renault, 141, boulevard Carnot.

La Madeleine-16s-Lille, [30] U [E] E" |% 19.78 (r^seau Lille) -r Renauto.

— STOCK MICHKLIN, Louis Vallez, 5, rue du Palais- Rihour. (401 [E] E'

t^ 22.70.

— STOCK MICHELIN. Grand Garage Farcot, 6S-70, rue JlfeMrein (2^9, rwe iVa-

tinnale) [80] t [E] E" ^ 20.20.

— STOCK MICHELIN (Compressed air) Succursale des Automobiles Berliet, IS',

r-ueNationale (100](100] [E] E"Autoberlie-Lille ^16.96.

— STOCK MICHELIN. bte des Anciens Etablissements Hanhard et Levassor

(Succ"), 187. boulevard de la Republique (new boulevard), La Made-
leine-16s-Lille, 140] U [E] E" -r' Panhard-Levassor ^ 5.83 (rfeseau Lille).

— STOCK MICHELIN, Agences Hotchkiss, lbi3, rue de la Chambredes Comptee.

[20] D (E| E" ^ 26.83.

— STOCK MICHELIN, Repair Shop for motor-cars. Emile Faure et Cie, ave-

nue Verdy et rue du Ballon, La Madeleine-16s-Lille [20] D [E] f^ 14.27
(rfiseau Lille).

— STOCK MICHELIN, Kalfleche et Bachmann, 147, boulevard de laBepublique,

La Madeleine-l^s-Lille [10] U [E] E" t^ 24.18 (rfeseau Lille).

— STOCK MICHELIN, E. Bouriez et Uie, 1,0-52. rue Jean-Bart el 239, boule-

vard de la Republique, La Madeleine-les-Lille. Agts de .'Peugeot [10]
U [E] E" ^ 3.88 (rfiseau Lille).

— Society Anonyme des Autos et Cycles Feugeot (Succursale de la}, 62, bou-

levard de la Liberie. ^ 20.84.

— KoEchlin, SI, rue Colson, [30] D [E] E" (% 18.30.

— Marcel Villette, .5, rue St-Augustin, [10] U [E] ^ 26.81.

— John et Henry Sergy. 340, rue Nationale, [15] U (lj E" 1^27.24.

— Succursalelh Schneider et Cie, 3, /■ti.eSi-Genoi's, [30] U[E]'f Theiderco(^2.92.

— Usine Pipe, 56, boulevard de la Liberie et 5 bis, rue de VOrpheon, [50]

20 boxes U [E] E".

— iVlannessier, rue Nationale, [E].

' The above information dates from March 1st. i9i9, and may no longer be exact
\rhen it meets the reader's eye. Tourists are llierefore recommended to consult the latest
edition of the " Michelin Guide to France " [English or French), before setting out on
the tour described in this volume.

The " Michelin Wheel"

BEST of all detachable wheels
because the least complicated

Elegant

It embellishes even the finest coachwork.

Simple

, It is detachable at the hub and fixed by
six bolts only.

Strong

The only wheel \Yhich held out on all
fronts during the War.

Practical

Can be replaced in 3 minutes by anybody
and cleaned still quicker.

It prolongs the life of tyres by cooling
them.

AND THE CHEAPEST

IN MEMORY

OF THE MICHELIN EMPLOYEES AND WORKMEN WHO

DIED GLORIOUSLY FOR THEIR COUNTRY

LILLE

BEFORE AND DURING THE WAR

Cornell University Library
DC 801.L682L72 1919

Lille before and during the war,

3 1924 028 187 288

All rights of translation, adaptation or reproduction (in part or whole), reserved

in all countries. [ ' /,' '

i: k (95.3S2I

■^\

ORIGIN AND CHIEF HISTORICAL EVENTS

The marvellous tales of " Liliane " and the forest rangers Phinaerl
and Lyderic, which take Lille back to the days of Julius Caesar, are mythical.
The first mention of Lille in history dates back to the 11th century, when
the town was divided into the " casirujn " or entrenched camp of the Counts
of Flanders, (where Baudoin V erected the Basilica and Forum in about 1050),
and the " forum " (today the Grand' Place), where the church of St. Martin
already existed.

The " forum " grew rapidly in the 12th century ; the suburb of Fives,
with its two churches of St. Saviour and St. Maurice, being enclosed with-
in the new wall. There were no further changes of importance until the
17th century, when the Vauban fortifications to the North further enlarged
the town. It was only in 1858 that Moulins, Vazemmes and Esquermes
were included in the southern portion of the town, leaving the important
suburbs of Fives and St. Maurice outside the ramparts.

Its situation on the frontier embroiled Lille in all the great wars. In
1213, Philippe-August took it twice from Count Ferrand, burning it com-
pletely the second time, to punish the inhabitants for having received their
former chief. Philippe le Bel took it in 1297, and built the Chateau de
Courtrai to commemorate the event. The Flemish conquered it in 1302,
but were defeated in 1304 at Mons-en-Puelle by Philippe, who forced them
to abandon the town after a month's siege. Then, for half-a-century, Lille
belonged to the Kings of France, but the marriage of the Duke of Burgundy,
Philippe le Hardi with the Heiress of Flanders, in 1369, restored it to the
counts. When Maximilian of Austria espoused Marie of Burgundy, daugh-
ter and Heir of Charles the Bold, last Duke of Burgundy, Lille became part
of his dominions.

At the head of his armies, Louis XIV, besieged and took it in 1667
after " nine days of trench fighting ", and the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
confirmed the capture.

As an advance citadel, it defended the northern frontier, but in 1708,
the Spanish were before its gates, and Marshal de Boufflers, after exhaust-
ing his supplies and ammunition, was obliged to surrender to Prince Eu-
gene and the Duke of Marlborough. After a five years' occupation, the
Treaty of Utrecht gave it back to France in 1713.

In 1792, it was besieged by 30,000 Austrians under Albert of Saxe-
Cobourg, who bombarded it day and night for nine days. The famous Lille
gunners beat off the enemy, wlio raised the siege, and the Convention
having decreed that " the town had deserved well of the country ", a com-
memorative column was erected in the Grand'Place (p. 26).

In the Franco-German war of 187'^-1871, Lille remained outside the
battle area, and the only local souven , connected with that struggle was
a visit from M. Antonin Dabost (now President of the French Senate) in
October 1870. Leaving Paris, which was besieged, in a balloon named
" The Universal Republic ", he landed between Rocroi and Mezi^res, going
thence on foot to Belgium, and from there to Lille. He was received by
the Commissary of the Government for National Defence (Mr. Testelin)
(p. 50) and General Bourbakl, who had escaped from Metz, and harangued
the people from the steps of the Grand' Garde^ Plaee de la Bourse, p. 29). i

In 1914, the victorious Germans were at its gates, and the Capita of
Flanders was; destined to suffer a four years' occupation.

LILI,E AND THE GREAT WAR

THE NORTHERN FRONTIER

LILLE AND THE GREAT WAR

Importance and Military Situation of Lille in 1914

Lying between the rivers Lys, Escaut and Scarpe, in the plain before
the hills of Artois, Lille forms an isolated advance-post between Maubeuge
(which guards the Pass of the Oise), and Dunkirk (which commands the
region of the Dunes). Vauban had fortified the place, but the treaties
of 1815 and 1871 deprived France of her essential points of support, and
rendered these defences valueless. In 1873, General Siri de RlvUres,
Director of the Engineering Section at the Ministry of War, commenced
a comprehensive scheme which aimed at the reorganization of the entire
northern frontier, whereof Lille was one of the pivots.

Situated in the centre of France's richest coalfields and allied industries.
Lille has justly been called the " Key to France's Treasure-House " (see
" Le secret de la fronliere ", by M. Fernand Engerand, 1918). To enable
it to withstand a surprise attack and hold out against a long siege, the
city's intermediate defences were increased to such a degree that Lille
became the point of support of the French frontier between the rivers
Sambre and Lys. By thus protecting the Arsenal of Douai, it became
possible to assemble a reserve army within the entrenched camp of Lille,
31 miles in length. The total cost of these works was 126.000.000 frs.

But, as in Vauban's days, a reactionary movement set in against defen-
sive works, and it was demonstrated by their opponents that besieged towns
must fall, and that in future, the destinies of nations would be decided in
the open battlefield. In 1880, the works of S6re de Rivieres, were abandoned.

In the meantime, the great cities of the north, with Lille at their head.

LILLE IN 1914

NAPOLEON BRIDGE DESTROYED BY THE REIREATING GERMANS (See p. 52).

had become industrial centres ol primary importance, tlianks to their
wealth of raw materials (coal, iron and steel). To protect them from the
horrors of war, it was considered only necessary to make open towns of
them. The fortifications of Lille were among the first to be condemned,
as being of no real value, and a Bill to this effect was passed by Parliament.

Collaborators of S6r6 de Rivieres gave the alarm in March 1899, pointing
out that the neutrality of Belgium was insufficient protection, that its vio-
lation was inevitable, that the Pass of the Oise was an open road for inva-
sion, that with Lille outflanked, the Forest of Saint-Gobain (which Laon
and La Ffire, whose dismantling the Bill provided for, would no longer be
able to protect) would fall, and that the enemy would be at, the gates of
Paris within a few days.

Finally, the fortifications of Lille were not dismantled, but were allowed
to fall into disuse.

On the other hand, the eastern frontier was considerably strengthened. It
was in vain that the Belgian General Brialmont, who had just completed the
forts of Antwerp and Liege, pointed out that the abandonment of the northern
frontier would inevitably cause a violation of Belgium's neutrality. Like
her peaceful neighbour, France relied on the sacredness of treaties, and made
it a point of honour to leave that part of her frontier practically unprotected.

At that time, Germany was neglecting the East, and making all her
railways converge towards the Pass of the Oise. In other words, a frontal
attack against the East being considered impracticable, Germany decided
to turn it from the north. The fortifications of Lille were again condemned
in November 1911, and it is a curious coincidence that this was the year
of the Agadir Incident and of the first tangible German threats of War.

In July 1914, 3,000 artillery-men and nearly a third of the guns had
been removed from the fortifications. On August 1st, the Governor, Gener-
al Lebas, received orders to consider Lille an open town, but on August 21st
his successor, General Herment, increased the garrison troops from 15,000
to 25,000, and later, to 28,000 men, taking units from each of the regiments

THE CAPTURE OF LILLE

in the 1st region. At this time, the armament consisted of 446 guns and
79,788 shells, to which were added 9,000,000 cartridges, 3,000 75 m/m shells
and 12 47 m/m guns sent from Paris.

How Lille fell in 1914

(See Maps on pages 3 and 6)

At the beginning of the battle of Charleroi, General d'Amade was in the
vicinity of Lille, with territorial divisions extending from Dunkirk to Mau-
beuge. The 82nd. division alone held the entire space between the Escaut
and the Scarpe, with advance posts at Tournai, Lille and Deul^mont. It
was manifest that these troops were insufficient to offer serious resis-
tance. However, the first care was to defend the town. For two days,
trenches and shelters were made, and the troops sent to their respective
positions.

On August 23rd, the British, defeated on the previous day at Mons,
retreated, leaving Tournai unprotected. The Germans drove out the 82nd
territorial division and entered the town. Elsewhere, they advanced as
far as the railway-station Roubaix-Tourcoing, blowing up the station of
Mouscron. The French territorials counter-attacked vigorously, and units
of the 83rd and 84th regiments reoccupied Tournai during the night.

In the early morning of the 24th., General de Villaret, commanding
the 170th. brigade, organized the defence of the bridges over the Escaut,
where sharp fighting took place. However, his troops were obUged to fall
back about noon, before the numerically superior enemy forces.

While these events were taking place close to Lille, the Mayor requested
that the town should not be needlessly exposed to the horrors of a siege.
A meeting of the principal civil authorities (town councillors and members
of both Houses of Parliament) was held, at which it was decided to petition
the Government to declare the town open, and withdraw the military.
At 5 p. m. on the 24th., a telegram arrived from the War Minister, with orders
to consider Lille undefended, and to evacuate the troops between La Bass^e
and Aire-sur-la-Lys.

On the 25th., the right wing of the German army was reported to be
advancing, protected by about three divisions of cavalry with supporting
artillery. Patrols reached the outskirts of the town soon afterwards.

General Herment executed the orders he had received. Moreover,
he knew that the neighbouring town of Maubeuge was holding out with
45,000 men, and that the Belgian army was intact at Antwerp.

On September 2nd, enemy detachments entered Lille, disappearing three
days later. The town was only occupied by patrols, who had orders to
secure the German right (Von Kluck's army), which was executing its famous
flanking movement. Then came the Victory of the Marne. After the Ger-
man retreat and the indecisive Battle of the Aisne, the enemy began their
northward movement known as the " Race for the Sea ", the aim of which,
on either side, was to turn the adversary's wing.

On October 3rd., Joffre formed the 10th. army under General de Maud'huy
to reinforce his left and prevent its envelopment. The 21st. Army Corps
arrived from Champagne, and the 13th. Division detrained to the West
of the town.

On the morning of the 4th., battalions of Chasseurs, belonging to the
13th. division, received orders to take up positions to the North and East
of the town. After spending the night at Armenti^res, they passed through
Lille, where they had an enthusiastic reception.

THE CAPTURE OF LILLE

ThelVth battalion, which was to occupy the suburb of Fives, was met with
a sharp fusillade as It left the ramparts. Organizing promptly, it drove the
enemy from the railway station and fortifications, capturing a number of
machine-guns and prisoners. To the North of the town, the French troops
came into contact with German patrols near Wambrechies and Marquette.whlle
the 7th cavalry Division had skirmishes in the neighbourhood of Fouquet..

Meanwhile, the garrison, consisting of territorials and Algerian mounted
troops, took up positions to the South at Faches and Wattignies, in liaison,
at Ronchin, with other units of the 13th Division. The enemy attacked at
this point, and reached the railway.

On the 5th, after a sharp counter-attack, the French took Fives, HcUemmes,
Flers, the fort of Mons-en-Baroeuil and Ronchin. To the "West of the town,
cavalry engagements took place along the Ypres Canal. On the 6th,
the 13th Division left the outskirts of the town, following the 21st Corps in
the direction of Artois. Only two battalions of Chasseurs were left in Lille.
The French cavalry engaged the enemy successfully near Deulfimont.

On the 7th, the two battalions of Chasseurs rejoined the 13th Division,
the defence of Lille being left to the territorials and Algerian troops. On
the 9th and 10th, the 2nd cavalry Corps engaged the enemy near Estaires-
Merville (between Aire-sur-la-Lys and Armenti^res), but was unable to
open the road to Lille, which was then left to its fate.

At 10 a. m. on the 9th, the first enemy aeroplane appeared, and dropped
two bombs on the General Post Office. In the afternoon, all men from 18 to
48 years of age were ordered to the B^thune Gate, with instructions to leave
Lille immediately.

THE BOMBARDMENT

A crowd of people from Lille, Tourcoing, Roubaix and the neighbouring
villages, left on foot for Dunkirlt and Gravelines. Several died on ttie way
of ejchaustion, others being taken prisoners by the Uhlans. The last train
left at day-break on the 10th. At 9 a. m., the first enemy shell burst,
being followed by many others which fell in the neighbourhood of the
station, and on the Prefecture and Palais des Beaux Arts. The afternoon
was quiet, but at 9 a. m. the bombardment began again, lasting until 1 in
the morning, then from 5 a. m. to 8 a. m. and from 10 a. m. to 6 p. m.
On the 12th, when the garrison capitulated, 80 civilians had been killed
and numerous buildings destroyed by the bombardment. That part of
the town near the railway station was almost entirely destroyed (see
plan, p. 25).

The rue Faidherbe, Cafe Jean, Grand HStel, Grande Pharmacie de
France, part of the Rue des Ponts-de-Comines, and the whole of the Rue
du Vieux-March6-aux-Poulets were in ruins. The Hotel Continental in
the Parvis-St. -Maurice Square, was a mere heap of rubbish. The Rue de
Bethune, Rue de I'Hopital-Militaire and Rue du Molinel were partially
destroyed. In the Boulevard de la Liberte, the premises of the " Belle
Jardiniere " Stores were wiped out (p. 38).

At 9 a. m., on October 13th, while hundreds of fires were still burning,
five companies of Bavarian troops entered the town, followed throughout
the day by Uhlans, Dragoons, Artillery, " Death Hussars " and Infantry.
The occupation had begun.

THB DELIVERANCE

RO'JLERS 1
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The Manoeuvre of Marshal Foch.

This map shows the successive advances of the Allies, from August i (i/8) to October i8 (iS/io).
On October l6 (t6/io), the line reached (shown by thick dots) threatened Lille with enve-
lopment and forced the enemy to retreat along a wide front.

THE DELIVERANCE

The Deliverance

For more than three years, the inhabitants of Lille had heard the guns
thundering almost at their gates, as for a long while, the front was bounded
by Armenti^res, Vermelles and Lens. In December 1914, the Battle of
Artois partially cleared Arras. The offensive of Ma!/-.7unc 1915 was mark-
ed by the capture of Notre-Dame-de-Lorette, Ablain-St.-Nazaire, Carency,
Souchez, stopping at Vimy Ridge and hemming in Lens on the south. The
victory of September-October 1915 cleared Lens further to the North, by
the capture of Loos. In March 1918, a powerful German offensive from
Armenti^res, forced the Allies back for several months, until the successive
and correlated offensives of the Allies, under Foch, beginning on July 18th,
finally liberated the French soil, town by town, and village by village. In
August and September there was an advance along the whole front from the
Argonne to the Artois, while in October, the Artois-Picardy front also burst
into flames.

While the French, in the centre of their line of attack, crossed the Oise
at Mont-d'Origny, to the South- West of Guise, the British, North of Douai
and East of Lens, encircled Lille more closely on the South, and approached
S6clin, Aubourdin and Quesnoy-sur-Deule.

At the other end of the front, on the left, Belgian^ British and French
forces under the King of Belgium, Albert I, took the offensive, and on the
14th, 15th and 16th of October,, in spite of the rain and mud, took Roulers,
Thourout and Courtrai. Meanwhile, the 2nd British Army captured Menin,
crossed the Lys 9 miles from Lille, taking from the rear the northern defences
of the latter. In possession of Menin and Bouchain, the British continued
to encircle Lille and Douai, and approached the two ends of the important
Menin-Tourcoing-Roubaix-Cysoing-Orchies-Somain-Cambrai railway.

On the 14th, the Germans, who were preparing to evacuate Lille, des-
troyed the railway behind them, and on the 15th, burnt the goods station
of St. Sauveur, after hurriedly plundering it.

At 4 a. m. on the 17th, the inhabitants were ordered to form up and
march towards the British lines.

At 5 a. m. on the 17th the last of the Germans left Lille, after blowing
up all the bridges and a number of locks on the canal.

At noon, on the 1,536th day of the war, the 5th British Army entered
Lille, after a four years' occupation.

Although they had organized powerful defences to a depth of 12 miles
around the town (barbed-wire entanglements, concrete trenches etc.),
the Germans made only a faint show of resistance. To console the people
at home, the newspapers (Strassburger Post) announced that " retreat was
the only wag to preserve the elasticity of the front and prevent a break-through
at all costs " (See opposite, Map showing, step by step, the advance of the
Allies, from August 1st. to October 18th 1918).

The joy of the liberated population may best be expressed by the words
with which the Mayor of Lille received President Poincari on October 21st :
" For four years, we have been like miners buried alive, listening for the sound
of the rescuers' picks; then all at once the dark gallery opens and we perceive
the light. "

In Paris, the news was received with singing and cheers. In the Place
de la Concorde, the Statue of Lille was decorated with the French and Brit-
ish colours and flowers. The Fourth National Loan, named the " Libe-
ration Loan ", opened under the most favourable conditions.

tME DELIVERANCE

FRENCH AND BRITISH PRISONERS

(riu Faidherbe and place du THdtrt, betore the ruins of the Cafi Jean)

(Most of the photographs in the '« Occupation of Lille »

portion of this guide, were taken by M. Hazebroucg, engineer, in spite of enemy

prohibitions and threats).

BRITISH TROOPS DEFILING IN THE RUE LfeON GAMBETTA, OCTOBER 21 1918.

(A portrait of the Kins of Belgium is seen in one cf the shop windows).

THE OCCUPATION

The Kaiser in motor-car, in the Place Cormontaigne.

THE GERMAN OCCUPATION

The German occupation began on October 13th 1914. From the lath,
to the 28th. of that month, it was Major General Wahlschaffe who directed
the operations, levied the War Contributions and chose the hostages. His
successor. Artillery General Von Heinrich, was appointed Governor on
October 25th., and held the post until December 27th. 1916,. when he was
made Governor of Bucarest. General Yon Graevenitz was Chief of the
Kommandantur, which occupied the premises of the Credit du Nord bank
in the Rue Jean Roisin.

The King of Bavaria and the Kaiser in the Place de la Gare.

THE OCCUPATION

The Hostages and War Contributions

Sixty hostages were chosen from among the most notable persons in
the town, and included the Bishop (Mgr. Charost), the Prelect of the North
(M. Tripont), MM. Delorg and Chesquiire, Members of ParUament, the
Mayor (M. Delesalle), and deputy mayors. In groups of ten, they were
made to spend the night in turns at the Citadelle {photo p. 59).

From December 31st., they were required merely to sign a presence-
sheet, but were later again forced to spend the whole of their time (day and
night) in the Citadelle, this time in groups of five. Finally, they had to
sign a presence-sheet each morning and evening until October 5th 1915,
when this formality was dispensed with, i. c. after the Census operations
had been completed.

In November 1914, began exorbitant exactions in the guise of War Con-
tributions. On the 4th, Von Graevenitz demanded a million frs, to be
paid on the 10th ; then two milUons on the 17th, and three miUions on the
24th, in addition to the expense of feeding the troops, which alone amounted
to 10.000 frs. daily. After much negociating, the Governor finally agreed
first to give more time, then to reduce the amounts of the contributions.

To ensure an effective control, a very strict census of the population
was taken on August 27th. 1915. Particulars of the persons in each house
were constantly posted up, and after September 1st., identity-cards with
photographs were obligatory. To be found in the street or even standing
on one's doorstep without this card, was punishable by fine (3 to 30 marks)
or imprisonment (one to three days).

1. jacquet's
identity

CARD

(see p. i6).

#><l».

CARTE

D'llDENTIT^

] N" de la carle d'ideiilil^

; /V £/«r Amfjcenkarle,} . y / y / ■ "

; N" du certificat d'inscription 'T.JJi^y/^ - ^ /J^
I ,.\'.der WehrfilMge^tKj. y^ C

Nom fit priSnoros ^^iCO^^/C^iCfyr . ^>

I W6 lo..'^., ....
(Gebaren am}.

am.

I'rolessioD
(■Stond;.
: Dottiicitc

{<e-gt(ifA~--

-i"

i^L^.

(J^

Rue /^^>2<^ .i^fl'^i^^^^^ y^

■ Cetle carle est exclusivemciit personnelle. Elic lie

' droll & aucune prerogative (libre cireuiation. elc),

' Elle sera toujours porl^e par son proprifStairc tjiii d^*i-ra ia

' presenter A loute'rdquisition.

[ Signature du possesseuf :.
I (iNom ol prfinom) '

; (VnteritehrifU iIps .lulmbers) :
\ O'ifvnd /iiuaiii

T> WCOTO Oia. A.»«IB

Cacbot 'dfl la Matna

SIGNALEMENT :
(Peraonalbeschreibung )

Taille iGrOsse) ..y/TX^ _._
Cljfevenx (Ilaare) ^i-*^.

Yeui {Augen) /r?*»^^«*r*'K<'»-rf

Ncz \Nase) ...'.. £7ra.ai<;'*-*?*-t-«^ . ..-
Barbe (Bart) . «'W*^^*-*.«a-«.^i^^..
Signes parlicuKeia j-. rr^cs***^/ -

iDesond. Kennzeidien)

Dteee Karte diiirit ledigliek ziiiu Aufweiae
(tes Jahabers, irekher sie au-la hri xicU iragen
und aiif Vtrlangen voTzfi-jfu mufif.

Slitnitlurc it IViiipiflii^ i]Di eat mpauiMe
lit IV'ii'llludp ia em !iidli|up. .'

THE OCCUPATION

Passes

In January 1915,
the Kommandan-
tur drew up rules
for the granting ol
passes, a fruitful
source of profit to
the Germans, and
of annoyance to
the population. A
scale of prices pro-
vided even for the
shortest journeys.
Funeral processions
going to the South
Cemetery were also
required to have passes (free), to go through the Porte des Postes. and
were escorted by soldiers, both going and coming, to prevent the people from
leaving the ranks.

However, little by little, the people took up their occupations again.
Forty schools for boys and girls re-opened early in November. Of the
remainder, five had been destroyed, two turned into hospitals and ten into
barracks. The higher
schools and later, the
Lyc^e reopened, as did
also the Conservatoire,
whose pupils were
exempted from having
passes. The only news-
papers allowed were
the Bruxellois and the
Gazette des Ardennes,
both under German
control. On November
15 1915, at the request
of the Kommandantur,
the Municipality start-
ed the bi-weekly
Bulletin de Lille, which
appeared on Thursdays
and Sundays, and con-
tained the Proclama-
tions, Birth and Death
notices, etc.

Next came the Re-
quisitions : saddles
and bridles, bicycles,
photographic apparat-
us, telephones, bedding
and horsehair (ph. op-
posite). The Germans
relentlessly seized all
bedding, including
that of the old people,
some of whom died of
cold from sleeping on

REQUISITIO-
NING BED-
DING IN
THE RUE
RATISBONNE.

THE OCCUPATION

t=^

bare stone floors. Neither sickness nor old age could soften them,
and when at last Lille was relieved, very few houses contained any
bedding.

Famine

The town now began to be threatened with famine. Since 1914, bread
had only contained one-third of wheat flour. At the request of the Military
Authorities, the Mayor sent an urgent appeal to Switzerland for help,
to save the women and children from starving, and cited the case of Stras-
burg generously revictualled by her in 1870. In March 1915, a Commission
of Swiss Officers visited Lille, but was unable to conclude arrangements.
On April 19th, after lengthy negociations, the Comiii National Beige, under
the patronage of the Ambassadors of the United States and Spain, obtained
permission to revictual the famine-threatened town.

In the meantime, recourse was had to various expedients to eke out the
stocks of food. In December, wheat flour was mixed with rye, Indian corn
and rice. In April, potatoes were added. On the 11th, bread cards were
inaugurated, fixing the daily ration per head at 9 oz. The inhabitants
were divided into two classes, the ration being distributed every other

dav.

The gold, silver and copper coinage disappeared, and was replaced by
cardboard pennies and paper " bons " (photos above and below.).

THE OCCUPATION

i 1 ■■

Bijf'iri

1 ^^^^^'^W

■j^^^Mj i^BHHji^l

^^^^^^^B* 1 -' J'- ' ' . ^^^^B :M^^BBB

^h^lj^

THE KAISER AND THE KING OF BAVARIA, in front of the ruin}, in the Rue de Tournai
(Place de la GareJ ,

THE REIGN OF TERROR

Prohibitory Decrees followed in quick succession, in an endeavour to
terrorize the people, who were forbidden to possess arms, approach the
prisoners, import Belgian tobacco, or sell their wares in the streets, breaches
being punished often with vindictive severity. Two of the first victims
were the Prefect (M. Trepont) and his secretary (M. Borromie), the former
accused of treason, the latter of stirring up revolt against the German
Authorities. Their " crime " was that, on August 24th, in conformity with
their duty, they had mobilized the French citizens, within sight of the enemy.
They were roughly handled at the time by the German soldiers, and would
probably have been shot, but for the intervention of one of the University
professors (M. Piquet) who, acting as interpreter, managed to smooth
matters over. After being closely watched and spied on, they were arrest-
ed on February 17th 1915. M. Borrom^e was tried by Court Martial on
March 13th., and sent to prison at Alrath. Nine months later (December
27th 1915), his release was obtained through diplomatic representations.
The Prefect was sent as hostage first to Rastatt, then to Cellaschloss in
Hanover, and his liberation was only obtained on January 17th 1916.

In April 1915, a system of Roll Calls was inaugurated, to prepare the
way for the wholesale deportations which followed. At a given time and
place, the people were required to present themselves, with a small quantity
of baggage. Absentees were first fined, then imprisoned, the penalty increas-
ing in severity with each succeeding " offence ".

Domiciliary searches were carried out at all hours of the day and
night, for hidden soldiers, arms, carrier-pigeons, smuggled French news-
papers, and the like.

Then, as if fines, imprisonment and starving were not punishment
enough, the Germans started shooting.

THE OCCUPATION

AVIS

Les personnes meationnSes oi-dessous ont 6t6
condamnfees par le Tribunal dn Gonseil de
Guerre et fusiI16es oe mesne jour & la Citadelle,
i savoir : ~ ■ - . .

Lo Soua-Lhsulenaal

La Comaertant

Eufitene JACQUET
Ernest DECONINCK

Georejes MAERTENS
Sylvere VERHULST

i' Poar avoir cache I'aviateur an^lus qui a atlerri a
Watliffnics, Ic If Mars dernscp, I'avoir fcebergre ct lui
avoir lacilite son passag'e en France, de sorte qu'il a pu
rejoindrc les iigncs enncmies;, ^'

2*'Poiir avoir b.ilretenu el aide des Slembres des Armces
cnnciuies el. aprcs avoir quiite leur uDiforrae, seiourne
(Inns Lille cl Ics environs et Scs avoir fail evader en France.

Par proclamation du Gouverneur, du 7 Avril
1915, ces deux cas 6tant consid6r6s comme
espionnage, sont portfes 4 la j^connaissance du
public pour quils servent d'avertissement. ^

LE GOUVERNEUR

Lille, If 22 Septembre fftfS.

NOTICE

EuGftNE JACQUET.
Ernest DECONINCK.
Georges MAERTENS.
SYLVifeRE VERHULST.

The undermentioned persons were tried by Court-Martial and sliot today at
the Citadel :

Wholesale Wine merchant :
Second-lien tenant :
Shop-keeper :
Workman :

1) For hiding the British aviator who landed at Wattignies on March 11 last,
supplying him with food and lodging and helping him to reach France and get
back to the enemy lines.

2) For assisting members of the enemy forces, helping them to remain in Lille
and neighbourhood in civil dress, and procuring their evasion to France.

In conformity with the Proclamation of the Governor, dated April 7 1915, these
two cases are considered as espionage, and are brought to the notice of the public
as a warning.

Lille, September 22 1915. The Governor.

The Case of the Four

When, on October 12th 1914, the small garrison which was holding Lille,
surrendered, several hundred French soldiers escaped capture and hid
themselves in the town. Until evasion should be possible, it was necessary
to feed and shelter them, and this M. Jacquet, a wholesale wine merchant,
undertook to do. A good organizer, his coolness and courage fitted him

THE OCCUPATION 17

JkM. Aut^ c/«-c JiS**.^^ ^
Cue uLp/n..e*J^ cU^ /^a/i>tZ^ /-cn^ Cc ^jr^tZ^a."^ —

a't/cc'x.'-ii:^'^^ /'^»i~-^^2-^t^ 2&t-ai^-c»*^«S^ uJ^
A^^ ^a^if^v^x^ /j^ouUr dJ/L>-^ oL^^/^^ c^

1 HtftM^

The Citadel, Lille, September 22, 1915.
My Beloved Wife and Cliildren.

At the moment of starting for the place of execution, I tenderly embrace your
dear image lor the last time. My last kiss, from the bottom of my heart, here for
you. Farewell ! Long live France ! E. Jacquet.

well for the task. He was assisted by his daughter Geneviive (who, later,
narrowly escaped being shot), bis friends Deconinck and Georges Maertens
and a Belgian, Sylvire Verhulst.

On March 11th. lOl,"), a British aviator was forced to land in the town,
after having bombed a German telephone station. Hidden by Jacquet,
he eventually escaped to Belgium, guided by Melle. Genevieve. A few
days later, he again flew over the town and dropped notes reading as follows :

" Lieatenanl Mapplebeck sends his compliments to the Kommandant
of the German Forces in Lille, and regrets that he was unable to make his
acquaintance daring his recent pleasant stay in the neighbourhood. "

The joy of the inhabitants and the rage of the Kommandantur may
be better imagined than described in print. Orders were immediately
given, and the " Polizei " set to watch. Previously, on March 16th, notices
had been posted up aU over the town, threatening with death any person
who should hide " any member of the enemy forces ".

Hostages, including the foremost persons in the town, were imprisoned,
in the Citadelle, while the liberties of all were severely curtailed. Passes to and
from the surrounding villages were stopped, and "lights out" was saunded
at 5 p. m.

Being unable to imprison the entire population, the Kommandant
deprived them of liberty and air in mid-summer.

Meanwhile Jacquet, who knew that he was suspected, made light of
the danger.

Arrested several times under various pretences, all efforts to incrimi-
nate him failed. However, a spy was at last found, who undertook, to
do the business. Passing himself off as a French prisoner, he asked Jacquet
and his friends to help him. and then betrayed them to the " Polizei ".

THE OCCUPATION

THE MOAT or
THE CITA-

DELLE where

M Jacquet,

his friends

and Trulin

were shot.

A new search enabled the Germans to lay hands on 2,000 frs. in gold, but
they could not find any incriminating documents (the list of the soldiers in
hiding, 200 in number, was in the upholstering of an arm-chair at Deco-
ninck's house).

In consequence of the spy's information, Deconinck's house was watched.
Informed of the recent search of Jacquet's premises, Deconinck was looking
round for a safer hiding-place, when his next-door neighbour, who was in
the secret, suggested that the armchair would be safer in her keeping.
The offer was well-meant but unfortunate, as the Police, who were on the
watch, seized the chair, smashed it and found the list. Returning at once
to Jacquet's house, they arrested him and his daughter, and locked them
up in the Citadelle.

At the same time, Deconinck, Maertens and Verhulst were arrested.

Jacquet's daughter, Melle Genevieve, owed her life to lack of evidence.

The four men were tried on September 16th. and sentenced to death.
They were shot on the morning of September 22nd, and died bravely,
" standing, their hands free, and their eyes unbandaged ". Their last
words, shouted together, were : " Vive la France, Vive la R6publique. "
Their names are inscribed on the Roll of Honour of the Army, and the
Journal Officiel of December 8th. 1918 announced that the Legion d'Honneur
had been conferred on Mr. Jacquet.

Execution of Leon Trulin

When the war broke out, Lfeon Trulin, a Belgian subject, aged 17, was
living at Lille. Intensely patriotic by nature, he burned to serve his
country against the hated invader. With the help of a few comrades,
among whom were Raymond Derain and Marcel Golli, he got together various
documents and succeeded in bringing them to the Allies across the Dutch
frontier. In 1915, he decided to go back to France and enlist in the Belgian
Army, in company with his friend Derain. On October 3rd, they arrived at the
frontier. For three hours, in the dark, they burrowed under the "live"
wire entanglements, when suddenly the alarm was given. Lights flared up,
shots were fired, and Trulin and his companions were taken. The docu-
ments found on Trulin proved to be his death warrant. His friends
Derain and Gotti were condemned to penal servitude for life.

On his way to the place of execution, on November 8th, Trulin's neive
(he was 18), gave way for a moment, but recovering himself quickly, he
walked to the post with a firm step, and so another name was added to the
long list of the victims of Kaiserism.

THE OCCUPATION

;^v

';>„riv.,u.„

.V /',„.„//,/, 'Ji,/,,„^,„

i.^ ai»

K;«^,^t

^ /,..... ..y,, /../,„. , ^ %=(^ .^,,

»'*s~.

-"^

'^--<C

trulin's
passport.

^ -y^/^i-it^

^^^

:^ ;^

TRUUN S

LAST LETIEK
^ TO HIS

MOTHER
_^ {/>. 20 et2l).

.^^fwasssaSJC*^

TBULIN S LAST LETTER

^'Ifa

^ui^^£4^ ■jjipiA

C*Cp^-v*.*»^^^

Aa^- ,|ju^_^ ^gu-o 4Wl«<^ , It -VM^ -/i,.^ Ja^^IoJ-

•a;.^ .^U-urH. -px^ |l^ f^^ S'-t^ t*^/"^i

tA.onAjnw^ 1^ I^IDiT-u. fj^un^JU' ^o/nAj^ (Jr
/-rZ"^ a^'"-^^'^ -f .I'h^-ti^tj. " [TW. /w* -tA^ !*«-

.%fi,<Ji /j.VJ'-'Tt^ <,

(TRANSLATION)

My dearest Mother,

November 7, 1915,

I am very sorry for all I have done since I left home on June 30.

I suffered greatly during July, often homeless, then in September Ufe changed,
I was a Uttle happier, I had a pleasant time in Holland and England for a month,
then came back to Belgium, when suddenly misfortune overtook me. By ill luck
I was caught within half a minute of Dutch territory.

I beseech you not to despair, live for Renfe, who would be an unfortunate orphan,
also for my brothers and sisters, set them an example of resignation and lift up
your head, your son has given his life for the Fatherland (Long live little Belgium).

I embrace you with all niy heart, courage mother, we shall see each other again
some day, kiss my brothers and sisters tor me and tell them your son knew how
to die.

Now I am going to lie down, it is already late, to be ready for the execution
tomorrow.

I forgive everybody, friends and enemies, I pardon, because, they do not pardon

trulin's hKwr letteh

Li/^

iyujiAH'

\XOiStM^vviA^ iM^^'

%CiM)A

Vr \nu<j l-trUo 'ijiA' ■L^o^'V^-^jr'

ITRANSLATION)

You will find a note-book, in which I have noted my last wishes.
I ask you to forgive Denfique for what he has done, I have forgiven him, it is
the request of a doomed man.

Your son, who causes you much suffering and is deeply grieved.

L60N Trulin.

I have put 5 marks in the note-book which is in my bag, for one or two masses
and an indulgence, I have given the rest to the Priest for the same purpose.

November 7, 1915, the last day before my death.

Excuse me, if I do not write very well, I am writing on a garden table.

Courage, dear Mother, courage, brothers and sisters, live in peace, without
hatred.

I die a good Christian.

W.oN Trulin.

22 TtlE OCCUPATION

The Explosion of the " Dix-huit Fonts "

On January 11th, 1910, at about 2 o'clock in the morning, a terrific
explosion shoolc the town, hurling huge stones and debris in all directions
for a distance of several miles. An ammunition depot situated in the
South-East portion of the ramparts, between the Gates of Valenciennes and
Douai, about 400 yds distant from the railway station of St. Saviour, had
blown up. It was an enormous underground vault, commonly known as
the " Dix-huit Fonts ", because of the 18 massive stone arches which formed
the entrance.

It will probably never be known how many thousand shells and tons
of explosives blew up, as the greatest secrecy was observed by the German

Authorities. All the soldiers who
were there were killed. The damage
was tremendous, whole streets and
numerous factories, including two
large spinning-mills, were entirely
destroyed.

At the funeral, which took place
on Saturday, January 15th. 1916,
there were 108 coffins, but this figure
does not include the numerous per-
sons who were literally pulverized
by the explosion. The noise of the
latter was heard at Breda, in Holland,
nearly a hundred miles away, and
houses as distant as the Rue Jeanne
d'Arc, Place Philippe le Bon and Rue
des Postes were destroyed by the
flying stones. In general, the catas-
trophe was stoically borne by the inha-
bitants, one citizen remarking: "There
were enough shells to have massacred
whole regiments. Better we should
mourn our dead, than the precious
lives of so many of our soldiers. "

One huge stone weighing more than
a ton, fell in the studio of the sculp-
tor Deplechin (Rue de Douai), Director of the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, who
carved the bas-relief " Lille in Tears " on it (see Ilinerary, p. ,36, and photo
above) .

The Deportations

In 1916, the prohibitions increased in number, the people being forbidden
to leave their houses after 6 p. m., or before 7 a. m. ; to criticise the news
published by the Authorities, to remain at their windows, or to stand on
Iheir doorsteps, under a penalty of 5 to 10 days' imprisonment. They were
also forbidden to use the trams without a special permit. These measures
paved the way for the deportations of April-May 1916. During Easter
week, under the pretence that the revictualUng of the population was
difficult, the Governor decided to deport the inhabitants of Lille, Tourcoing
and Roubaix into the country, and make them cultivate the soil. Rumours
to that effect had been rife for several days previously, but the people
would not believe it. However, all doubts were cleared away on April 20th,
when posters warned the people to hold themselves in readiness with about
70 lbs of luggage. The 21st was a day of painful suspense. On the 22nd
a I 3 a. m., German soldiers hemmed in the Fives quarter, and placed Ma-

THE OCCUPATION

ij6 « h

THE HOTEL-
DE-VILLE
BURNING on

the night of
April 24
1916.

chine-guns at the corners of the streets. House by house, street by street,
amid blows from the butt-ends of their rifles, the Germans forced the
people out of their houses. They were counted like cattle, and the number
checked with the sheet posted up on each house. Those who were to go,
mostly girls, were forcibly taken from their parents and led away between
fixed bayonets, then loaded into cattle-trucks and sent to an unknown
fate. Girls were taken from mothers and wives from husbands, with cold-
blooded indifference. It was in vain that the Mayor and the Bishop indig-
nantly protested, the former to the Kommandantur and the latter from
the pulpit. Methodically, this abomination was perpetrated.

For ten days, the people lived in mortal suspense, asking themselves
if and when their turn would come.

On Easter-Sunday night, Ihe 64 Ui. German Infantry regiment surrounded
the Vauban Quarter, the horror ot the scene being intensified by the Hotel-
de-Ville in flames.

Each night, until April .30tb, 1,800 to 2,000 persons were wrested from
their homes.

Although grealty depressed, the deported people recovered their courage
as the trains left the station and to the amazement ot the Germans, sang
the " Marseillaise " in a mighty chorus.

Twenty-five thousand persons, mostly women and children, were for-
cibly taken from their homes and made to cultivate the soil, break stones,
build bridges, make sand-bags, turn shells etc., their only food consisting
of a little black " bread ", nauseating soup and broken scraps of meat.

As soon as the French Government learned the facts, a Note was sent
to the Neutral Powers, protesting against these inhuman deportations,
which were ordered by General Von Graevenilz, and executed by the 64th
Infantry Regiment, commanded by Captain Himmel.

Five months later, thanks to the intervention of the King of Spain,
Alfonso XIII, these unfortunate people were allowed to go back to their
homes.

For several months in 1917, things Went better, but in 1918, the German
Authorities recommenced deporting. A first batch of men and women
was interned at Holzminden, while on another occasion, the women were
sent to Holzminden and the men to Jewie near Vilna (Lithuania). The
Official Records, to which the reader is referred, contain full details of these
inhuman crimes and of the abominable treatment to which the exiles were
subjected : privations of every kind, humiliation, torture and degrading
occupations.

On September 30th. 1918, the Kommandantur ordered the evacuation
of all males from 15 to 60 years of age, but the German soldiers carried out

2-1

THE OCCUPATION

thcirinstructions in a half-hearted
way, and many escaped. The ap-
proaching sound ot the guns and
the lax discipline of the soldiers
announced the Allies' Great Vic-
tory and the coming deliverance
to the war-weary people.

On October 17th, the British
troops entered Lille.

The Ruined Industries
of Northern France

Before the War, Northern
France was one of the most
flourishing industrial centres in
the country.

The metallurgical Arms of
the North produced annually
over a million tons of steel,
representing nearly a quarter
of the country's total produc-
tion. This steel was transform-
ed locally into finished articles.
The exceedingly prosperous tex-
tile industry was carried on mainly at Tourcoing, Roubaix, Rhcims and Sedan.
The Ilax industry was also concentrated around Armentifires, Lille
and Halluin.

The cotton mills of Roubaix, Tourcoing and Lille were extremely pros-
perous and important.

The following general figures give an idea of the industrial importance of
this region, whicli contributed one-sixth of the country's total taxes. Before the

War, the annual industrial produc-
tion was estimated at 4,000,000,000
frs, of which the textile industries
accounted for 2,500,000,000 frs.
The industries of Northern
France have been ruined, not
so much by the War, as by the
systematic pillaging and des-
tructions carried out l^' the
Germans.

Official documents left behind
in Brussels by the routed enemy,
brought to light the existence of
two German Organizations : the
" Abbau Konzern " and the
" Wumba Waffen und Muni-
tions-Beschaffuugs Anstalt ".
The mission of the former was to
cripple France industrially, by
methodically destroying her fac-
tories and mills, while the latter's
agreeable and profitable task was
to sell stolen French machinery
and tools to competitive German
industrial concerns.

VISIT TO THE TOWN

To enable tourisls to visit the town quickly and thoroughly, we have drawn
up 4 itineraries, each of which starts from and returns to the Grande Place.

1st Itinerary (p. 25 to 35). — The Centre of the town. The Ruins

in 1914.

2nd Itinerary (p. 36 to 48). — From the Grande Place to the
' ' Dix-huit Fonts ' ' . The Ruins in 1916 .
3rd Itinerary (p. 49 to 54). • — • From the Grande Place to the Citadelle.
4th Itinerary (p. 55 to 58). — The Old Town.

FIRST ITINERARY

Quarters destroyed by the bombardment of 1914 ; rue de Paris, rue de
Tournai, rue Fjiidherbe, etc.

Monuments seen on the way : The " Bourse ", Town Hall, Palais de
Rihour, St. Maurice's Church, Tournai Gate, Theatre, " New Bourse "

Starting-point : the Grande Place.

Starting from the Grande Place, follow the streets indicated by thick lines,
in the direction of the arroivs.

The blocks of buildings shown by the blank spaces were destroyed by the 1914 bombardment.

2fi

THE GRANDE PLACE

THIS OCCUPATION : PARADE OF GERMAN SOLDIERS IN THE GRANDE PLACE,

I.eit : Column commemorating 1792 ; right : Corner of the Bourse

The Grande Place

In the centre of the Square is a fluted Granite Column by Benvignal;
erected in 1848 to commemorate the Siege of Lille in 1792. At the top is a
statue of Jeanne Maillolle holding a lighted torch in her hand. During
the siege of the town in 1792, she crossed the enemy lines and set fire to
the Austrian batteries which were shelling the town. The name of this
heroic woman was given to one of the streets, in which a later hero,
M. Eugene Jacquet, lived {see p. 44). The inhabitants have surnamed the
statue '" The Goddess "-

THE DELIVERANCE : ENTRY OF THE 5TH ERIIISH ARMY INTO LILLE.

In iroijt THE n GODDESS M STATUE (left} and the thea'ire (behind the Bours-i.

See Ilinerary, p. 25

Behind the column is the " Bourse " or Stock Exchange. Square in
shape, it stands between the Grande Place, Rue des Sept-Agaches, Place
du Theatre and Rue des Manneliers. Rising above the roof is a polygonal
turret, the upper part of which forms a terrace with small timber-work
campanile. It has been restored in recent times.

The " Bourse

^The Bourse is the finest specimen of 17th century Flemish architecture
in France. Dissatisfied with transacting their business in the open,
twenty-four merchants of Lille petitioned the King of Spain, Philippe IV,
for permission to erect a building in the Place du GrandjMarche, to be
known as the " Bourse ".

The plans of the architect Julien Desire were accepted in 1652. It was
stipulated in the specifications that the fafades should be " of like symmetry
and construction ", that only the armorial bearings of the King were to
appear over the entrances, and that the twenty-four buildings composing
the edifice should be beneath one continuous roof, so as to form a harmonious
whole. The petitioners were to guarantee the completion of the building
within a given space of time.

Today, shops on the ground-floor hide part of the fafade, so that it is
difficult to distinguish "the bossages and semi-circular tympanums, but the
rich, severe ornamentation of the upper stories, composed of caryatids,
pilasters, pediments, and garlands carved in the stone-work, is plainly
visible. The different periods of life (childhood, youth and old age) and the
passions, are depicted. The head of King Midas with stellated crown is
especially noteworthy. A judicious use of brick with stone, while ensuring
a harmonious ensemble, reposing to the view, also causes the relief motifs
to stand out well.

THE BOURSE

THE INTERIOR COURT OF THE BOURSE, WITH STATUE NAPOLEON I.

AN INTERIOR GALLERY OF TBE BOURSE

FROM THE BOURSE TO THE HOTEL UE VILLE

01 the four doors ornamented with scroll-work, horns of plenty and
royal coats of arms, in the four sides of the edifice, one gives access to the
interior courtyard which is lined with four wide arcaded galleries. Doric
columns of polished black stone support the vaulting, which is of brick,
with binding ribs and nerves of white stone. On the plinth are heads of
leopards connected by garlands of flowers and foliage. A bronze statue
by Lemaire, representing Emperor Napoleon I, protector of the national
Industries, stands in the middle of the courtyard. This statue was inaugu-
rated in 1854, and was cast from old presses from the Mint of Lille, which
had previously been made from guns taken at Austerlitz.

The interior galleries of the Bourse were decorated in. 1850.

Facing each of the bays formed by the intercolumniations, are large
tablets of marble surrounded by carvings, which recall those of the fa?ade.
In the midst of this sculpture are the symbols of commerce, industry and
science. Inscriptions recall the most important dates and institutions
relating to the commerce and industry of Lille. The busts over them
represent great inventors or learned men (Jacquart, Philippe de Girard,
Chaptal, Brongniart, Chevreul).

On leaving the Bourse, cross the square to the left, and enter the Place de
Rihour.

At the corner of the Grand'Place, the black fafade of the Grand' Geirde
decorated with trophies and curved pediments bearing the arms of France
and Lille, should be noticed. A large shell-hole in the left-hand pediment
has been temporarily bricked up.

Cross the ruins of the Hotel de Ville, burnt down on April 24th 1916 (photo
below), at the time of the deportations. To the right, abutting on the Hotel
de Ville, is the Palais de Rihour which escaped damage from the fire.

THE HOTEi, DE vil.l,E, 'burnt down on the night of April 24 igi6 (set p. 23),

THE PALAIS Uli KIllOUR

THE I'ALAIS

DE RIHOUR

AND THE

RUINS OF

THE HOTEJ.-

DE-VILLE

The Palais de Rihour

Built in 1457-1462, tliis palace was the residence of Philippe le Bon,
Duke ol Burgundy. Only an octagonal Turret, the Guard-Room and the
Chapel of brick and white stone remain. The H6tel-de-Ville was erected
on it"! site.

The low Guard-Room, in which the Town Records are kept, is divided
in the middle by three polygonal columns unequally interspaced. The
stone staircase with ribbed vaulting and graceful ornamentation, was
formerly the grand staircase. Transferred to its present position, it now
leads to the chapel known as the " Salle du Conclave ", where the magis-
trates of Lille sat until 1789.

To the right of the chapel is a brick building, the faf ade of which is divid-
ed by two similar gables. Jutting out at the corner, is an octagonal
Turret containing two small vaulted chambers. Above is a third room
with timber-work ceiUng, known as the " Oratory of the Duchess ". An
opening in the wall communicates with the chapel, and through it the
choir is visible. From this room, which is reached by a spiral staircase of
stone inside the turret, it is possible to hear the service without being seen.

Re-cross the H6tel-de- Ville ruins and return to the Place de Rihour. Follow

THE RUE DE

PARIS ; in the
background:

THE
THEATRE

and

THE NEW
BOURSE.

See Itinerary, p. 25

the Rue de la V ieilte-ComMie
and Rue du Sec-Arembault
(plan, p. 25) ; the latter comes
out into the rue de Paris, in front
of St. Maurice's church.

The Church of St. Maurice

{historical monument).

The church was seriously
damaged by the bombardment
of October 1914 which set fire
to the root.

It is a curious specimen ol
the 15th century Gothic-Flam-
boyant style of Walloon-Flan-
ders, and comprises live naves
of equal height arranged quin-
cuncially, whereas most of the
churches belonging to that pe-
riod have three naves under a
single roof, the aisles being
shorter than the great nave,
while the tower is necessarily
placed over the main entrance (see

ST.

MAURICE'S
CiniRCH

Si'. Catherine's Church, p. 54).
It also contains an ambulatory and an apse formed by polj'goiia! cha-

pels.

The facade, with its three portals, steeples of open construction, and
white stone tower at the entrance, dates from the second iialf of tlie 19th
century. The old square tower was pulled down in 1826, as unsafe. These
different alterations were carried out under the direction of the architect
Lannissie. According to Monseigneur Dehaisnes, the remarlcable exterior
of this church is due to these
successive restorations and al-
terations.

Inside the church are rows
of round slender columns with ^^^^^_^^^,— ^„- ,., n-jsyn , —
sculptured capitals, irregularly ^^^ffinP^^|^^^^||^^9 church^ ^
spaced. ^^^^^^li1i//^0^^^^^^«lili9l^^^H ^«s navk.

The springing of the bind-
ing ribs or projecting arches
which line the vaults, and tlieir
graceful arched branches, rest
on and meet at the capitals.
The point of intersection of
the arches is marlfed by a pend-
ant lieystone. High and broad
muUioned windows (note the
stone uprights dividing the
bays) amply Ught the interior.
In the choir aisles are the follow-
ing paintings : St. Charles
Borrom^e and St. Francis, by
Van Oost and " Les Disciples
d'Emmaiis",by VanderBurgh;
in the chapel of St. Barbara :
" Vision de Ste. Therese ", by

CHURCH OF ST.-MAURICE

DOOK OF THE VESTRY

Van Oost and a Landscape, by Van der Burgh; in the chapel of the Virgin :
" Mariage de la Vierge ", by Wamps, " Glorification de la Vierge ", by Van
Minne and " La CSne ", by Van Audenaerde. In the vestry are 15th and
16th century chasubles and 17th century tapestries.

CHEVET OF ST. MAURICE'S CHURCH.

See Itinerary, p. 25

THE KUE DU PARVIS-PAINT-MAtElCE (see plan, p. 25).

(The photographer with his bach to the Church, laced the Rue Scheipers. In the background
are the theatre and the campanile of the nouvelle bourse).

After visiting the Churcti, take the Rue da Priez, behind the Church, leading
to the Place de la Gare.

THE RUE DES FONTS DE COMINES (see plan, p. 25).

The operator faced the rue Scheipers. In the background is the church of saint Maurice.
against which he had his hack when taking the preceding photograph.

■M

THE TOURNAl GATE

THE STATION AND KUE DE TOORKAI (seep. 15).

Follow the Rue de Tournai, on the right (numerous houses damaged by
shells) as far as the Tournai Gate.

THE TOURNAI GATE.

A iemporary road replaces the bridge over the moal, aesaoyeU by the retreating Germans,

THE PLACE DU THEATRE

RUINS IN THE EUE FAIDHEREE.
View taken from the Place du TftSdtre, In the background

THE STATION.

The Tournai

Gate was built in
the reign of Louis
XVI.

The bridge
over the moats of
the ramparts,
which the Germans
blew up before leav-
ing, has been tem-
porarily repaired .

Return by the
Ruede Tournai and
the Rue Faidlierbe
(partially in ruins)
as far as the Place
du TMdtre : see the
Nouvelle Bourse
surmounted by a
tower, and the
New Theatre,
inaugurated during
the German occu-
pation.

RUINS

IN THE KT'E

DE TOURNAI

RUINS

IN THE RUE

DES ARTS.

SECOND ITINERARY

starting from the Grande Place, follow the streets indicated by continuous
black Unes, in the direction of the arrows.

"i^^^

THE PREFECTURE

RUINS IN THE EtJH DE E^THUNE.

SECOND ITINERARY

From the Grande Place to the Douai Gate quarter, destroyed by
the Explosion of the u IS Fonts » .

Principal sights on the way : The Prefecture, Museum and Paris
Gate.

Starling Point : The Grande Place.

To the right of the Grand' Garde, take the Rue Neuue, continued by the
Rue de Bithune (one of those which suffered most from the bombardments).

Follow this street to the Place de Bithune and to the Place Richebi; see the
bronze equestrian Statue of General Faidherbe (1896), at the foot of which
are two feminine figures with palm-branches and arms symbolizing France
and Lille. Two bas-reliefs representing the battles of Pont-Noyelles and
Bapaume adorn the sides. The Monument is the combined work of the
architect Pugol and the sculptor Mercii.

In front of the statue : Boulevard de la Libert^ and the fine Place de la
R6publique ; on the right is the Prefecture, on the left, the Palais des
Beaux Arts.

The Prefecture is a richly ornamented building, erected in 1869 from

THE PREFECTURE, Place de la Republigue.

THE MUSEUM

TIIK PAT.AIS

DE5

BEAUX-^BTS.

the plans of llie
architect Mal-
leau. The walls
have been deeply
scarred in places
by shell splinters
(note the while
patches on the
blackened fagade).
ThePalaisdes
Beaux Arts was
inaugurated in
1892.

Composite in
style, it is very
richly ornament-
ed. Flanked by
two round pavil-
ions with cupolas
containing stair-
cases, its principal fafade is in the Rue de la Republique. The Museum
of Lille is installed there.

THE MUSEUM OF LILLE

This is one of the finest provincial museums in France. As early as 1795,
it contained 183 works of art. A Consular Decree, dated the 14th Fructidor,
Year IX, added 46 paintings taken from the collections of the Louvre and
Versailles. The first catalogue dated 1850, comprised 274 works of art,
which number had increased to 1,275 at the time of the inventory of January
1st 1908.

The Museum during the War

The Museum was the edifice which most suffered from the German bom-
bardments. On October 11th 1914, it was struck by 75 shells. The curator
took measures at once to have the roof repaired and protect the collections.
However, the Museum was not proof against German greed. On
Saturday, November 17th, two officers, accompanied by military police-
men came to " requisition " the works of art, in the name of the German

Authorities. After
visiting the differ-
ent rooms, and
being unable to ob-
tain the keys of the
cabinets, they broke
open the latter and
took all the medals
and miniatures,
which they placed
in paper bags from
a neighbouring gro-
cers's shop. The cur-
ator protested the
sam e day, both ver-
bally and in writ-
ing, to the Kom-
mandantur and
Military Governor.

THE MUSEUM

The miniatures wore brouglil bacli on November 19th., and the medals
on December 3rd, less various antique gold jewels, two miniatures and two
gold medals which had been " lost "

Later, two well-known German art experts Herr Demmler and Ilerr
Professor Klemen, armed with carefully annotated catalogues, made a gener-
al " requisition " comprising : 1,500 drawings (including those by Raphael
and Michael Angelo), 420 paintings and 518 other works of art, all of which
were packed up, labelled and sent off. The famous " Wax Head " (page 43)
had, however, been hidden away in an underground vault, and replaced by a
copy.

In an endeavour to justify their action, the Germans sent out a radiogram
on November 4th 1918, stating that the Museum of Lille had been damaged
so seriously, as to be unsafe for works of art, and that at the request of the
curator, an inventory of the collections had been made and the latter trans-
ferred first to Valenciennes and then to the Old Museum in Brussels.

VISIT TO THE MUSEUM

The collections are classed under four distinct heads : paintings,
modern sculpture, archeological £ind lapidary specimens and the
Wicar collections.

I. — Paintings

The Flemish and French schools are the best represented. (For a
detailed description of the paintings, see " La peinlure au ISIasie de Lille ",
by Frangois Benoit, 3 vols. ;n-4°,
with reproductions, 1908).

The Spanish school includes a
St. Jerome, by Ribera, dated 1643.

The Italian school contains
The Martyrdom of St. George by
Veronese (duplicate of the painting
by San Giorgis Maggiore at Vero-
na) ; two circular panels : Eloquence
and Science (symbolized by two
Venetian women with auburn
hair), also by Veronese; The Flight
into Egypt by Carlo Saraceni, and
the Assumption of the Virgin by
Piazzetta (two very original paint-
ers little known in France) ; a
delicate " Virgin with wild roses ".
of exquisite colouring, by Ridolfo
Ghirlandajo ; " Magdalene at the
feet of Christ " and a " Judith and
Holopherne " by Lambert Zaslris
(often called Lambert Lambard) —
two paintings of limpid colour-
ing; (note the delicate lilac-grey
tints).

As befits the " Capital of
Flanders ", the Flemish and Dutch Schools of the North are fully
represented.

The Mystic Press, by Jean Bellegan:be; the triptych, Virgin surrounded
by Angels, attributed to Girard David; the first portrait of Philippe le Bon,

THE

MARTYRDOM

Sr. GEORGE,

bv Veronese
(CI. LL)

tHE MUSEUM

attributed to Pierre Etret; the Sym-
bolical Fountain, an exceedingly fine
altar-screen panel by Thierry Bouts de
Haarlem, is particularly noteiivorthy ;
a portrait of Emperor Charles Quint at
the age of 32, by Christophe Amberger
and Charles-Quint taking the Monk's
Gown, by Nicolas Francken (he Elder.
Rubens is represented by seven paint-
ings : The Descent from the Cross,
of admirable clearness ; the expres-
sion is more natural than that of the
painting in Antwerp ; Vision of the
Virgin appearing to St. Francis, of warm
colouring ; St. Bonaventure Meditating,
and St. Francis receiving the Stigmas
(two fine long panels) ; The Death of
Magdalene (a somewhat monotonous
^^^ but strangely intense monochrome).
l^^^mQi^ ''-_ ' 'X'T ^^M yon Dyck is well represented by the

following : The Crucifixion, considered
by Paul de St. Victor to be his greatest
masterpiece (the figure of Christ stands
out clearly against a cloudy sky pierced by lightning) ; Portraits of ah
Old Lady and Marie de Mfedicis (in the background are seen Antwerp and
the Escaut). The following artists are also represented : Jordaens, by the
Prodigal Son, Christ and the Pharisees, the Temptation, and a wonderful
study of cows ; Gaspard de Crayer, by Martyrs buried alive (fine harmo-
nious composition) ; F. Franchoys, by a Portrait of the Prior of the Abbey
of Tongerloo, Gisherts Mutsarts, dated 1645. (Paintings by this artist
are exceedingly rare). Verspronck, by the Portrait of Young Boy ; Jansen

PORTRAIT OP OLD LADY,

by van Dyck (Cliche LLJ.

BOY S PORTRAIT,

by Verspronck (Cliche LL)

THE MUSEUM

Van Ceulen, by a very fine portrait of Anne Marie de Scliurmann ; Pieter
Codde, by Conversation, of delightful colouring.

The French school, although incomplete (Prudhon, Ingres and Anioine
Watleau are not represented), is nevertheless rich and instructive. First
of all an anonymous, 17th century Portrait of an Architect, whose pale
harsh face arrests the attention and haunts the memory. Ph. de Champaigne
is represented by the Good Shepherd ; Resioul by a Jesus at Emmails ;
Mignard, by A Judgment by Midas ; Largilliere, by a very fine portrait
of his father-in-law, the painter, John Forest ; Douvi (native of Lille), by
a fine portrait of the painter Savage ; Jean Voilles, by a delightful portrait
of Madame Li6nard ; Frangois Watleau (grand nepTiew of Antoine Wat-
teau), by two amusing sketches : Procession of our Lady of the Vine in 1789
and The Old Clothes Market of Lille ; David by his first picture after return-
ing from Rome, " B^lisaire " (1781), of which there is a reduced copy in
the Louvre (this painting marks the re-birth of the antique) ; Boilly, a
native of the district of Lille, is fully represented by his Triumph of Marat
— masterpiece of great truth and delicacy — and 28 portraits of artists

THE TRIUMPH OF MAPAT, by Boitiy (CHcke LL).

painted for the picture " Reunion d'artistes dans I'ateher d'Isabey ". The
following are the names of these portraits : Van Dael, flower painter ;
Houdon, sculptor, (grey overcoat) ; Chaadei, sculptor, seated ; Duplessis
Berleaux, designer (head resting on hands) ; Hoffman, art critic (long pow
dered hair) ; Redoute, flower painter ; Bourgeois, designer ; Demarne, painter ;
Thibaut, architect ; Swibach, genre painter ; Lemoi, sculptor ; Serangeli,
historical painter, (half-length, hands in pockets) ; Taunay, landscape
painter ; Isabey (red coat) ; Percier, architect (looking at a plan) ; Talma,
actor ; Drolling, portrait-painter (red waistcoat) ; Corbet, sculptor (grey
coat and white waistcoat) ; Meynier, painter ; Fontaine, architect ; Blot,
engraver; Bidaull, painter; Boilly-Chenard, singer; Girodet-Trioson,
Girard and the remarkable group Leihiere and Carle Vernet.

In the modern school, the following are especially noteworthy : La
M^dfie, by Engine Delacroix (strikingly dramatic), L'apr6s-diner & Ornans,

THE MUSEUM

by Courbel, the colouring of which is unfortunately fading ; La Becqu6e,
charming genre painting by Millet; Effet du Matin, by Corot, remarkable

for its beautiful effects of silvery

light.

II. — Sculpture

Of the collections of sculpture, only
the fine bust of Bonaparte by Corbet,
dated 1799, is worthy of special men-
tion.

III. — Archeological and Lapidary
Museum

The Archeological Museum contains
the following remarkable works of art :
Three 14th century statuettes of the
Virgin (two of wood, one of marble) ;
an ivory diptych of the Crucifixion ;
a 13th century reliquary cross of
Flemish origin ; divers curious specimens
of brass-'work, including the Censer of
Lille, rightly considered a masterpiece ;
a richly embroidered altar-cloth, repre-
senting the Annunciation.

IV. — • The Wicar Collections

The important Wicar Collections
were bequeathed by the Lille painter, Jean Baptist Wicar, pupil of David
(1762-1834), who in 1815, succeeded in protecting the Museum of Lille
from spoliation by the Allies.

Commissary to Bonaparte in Italy, and later Director of the Royal
Academy at Naples, Wicar adopted Roman nationality, and collected a
large number of fine drawings and art treasures. Parts of his collections
are today at Oxford; The famous ■' Wax Head " (p. 43) is in the centre
of the Wicar Room.

There are several Renaissance bronzes worthy of note, also a marble
bas-relief by Donatello, representing the Beheading of John the Baptist,
and a fine terra-cotta Head of Child by Verrochio. The drawings merit
careful inspection. The following are especially remarkable : studies on
pink and yellow grounds, by Filippo Lippi, Filippino, Cbirlandajo, and
La Verrochio ; Head of Bald Man, by Montegna; 14 drawings on parchment,
representing scenes from the Metamorphoses, Children's Games and Ara-
besques, attributed by L. Gonse to Jacopo Francia, attest marvellous delicacy
and skill ; two sheets of caricatures by Leonard de Vinci and 60 sketches by
Raphael; studies in black and red by Michael Angela, especially a Dead
Christ, figure of a naked man, fantastic masks and a series of 184 architec-
tural drawings, generally known as the " Book of Michael Angelo ". Anni-
bal Carrache, Le Guide, Guerchin, Sodoma and Andri del Sarto are also well
represented.

On the other hand, French drawings are few in number, the most remark-
able being one by David for his " Serment des Horaces ". The others
include : " Le Corps de Garde ", by Boilly (fine, carefully finished drawing) ;
A naked Woman, by Watteau; two drawings by Ingres for his " Apotheose
d'Homdre " ; a drawing by Poussin for the " Massacre des Innocents " ;
a wonderful Portrait of Old Man, by Lagneau, an artist little known in the
reign of Louis XIII, but a great master ; lastly a fascinating fusain drawing
by Millet : " Le Troupeau de Moutons au milieu d'un bois "-

THE MUSEUM 43

The " Wax Head "

The moet celebrated work of art in the collections is the Wax Head
(T§te de Cire), which has so often been reproduced in engravings, pho-
tograplas and casts. This funeral souvenir, which stands in a golden niche
in the middle of a room draped with red plush, was made to perpetuate
the memory of a young girl 15 to 18 years of age. The pedestal and
draperies are of terra-cotta, and date from the 18th century.

Of Italian origin, the head is attributed by some to Raphael, by others
to Leonard de Vinci. The possibility of its being antique, is no longer

THE

WAX HEAD.

(Cliche LL).

admitted. According to Gonse, it came from the Tuscan studio of Orsino
Benitendi, and dates from about 1480. The wax was tinted at a later
date.

Leaning to one side, the face is pensive in expression. The neck is
flexible and sits with easy grace on the shoulders. The cheeks are rather
broad and somewhat flat, the chin round and short. A faint smile hovers
I'ound the delicate mouth. The eyes are considered by some to be rather
small. The waving hair is divided into two graceful masses, which are
rolled up on the back of the neck.

The expression of the face is enigmatical and changes with the angle
from which it is regarded. Psychologists and artists alike will long discuss
its charms.

When the two German experts Herr Demmler and Herr Professor Klemen
" requisitioned " the collections of the Museum (p. 38), what they took
away was a copy of this head, the original having been hidden in one of
the underground vaults. It narrowly escaped destruction in October 1918
when the Germans, previous to evacuating the town, cut the water-mains,
so that the sub-basement of the Museum was flooded. Fortunately, the
water did not rise high enough to do serious damage, and the head was
eventually restored intact to its velvet pedestal.

Wear the Museum, at the corner of the Rue Jeanne Mailloite and the Hue

1ll]i UNIVEHSITV

Denis-Godefroy which opens on the Boulevard de la Liberli, in line with the
Museum) , is the house where M. Eugene Jacquet lived (his apartment was
on the 1st floor, see photograph below and page 16).

Leave the Place de la Ripublique by the Rue Nicolas Leblane (at the corner
ot the Square, by the side of the Museum) at the end of which is the Church of

St. Michael. Conti-
nue as far as the Place
Philippe le Bon : in
the middle. Monu-
ment to Pasteur ;
071 the left, Univer-
sity of Lille.

The University
of Lille occupies spa-
cious buildings inau-
gurated in 1895. An
important library
and various wings
have since been add-
ed, including the Coal
and the Gosselet Geo-
logical and Mineralo-
gical Museums, the
Electro -Technical
M. jACQUEi's BOUSE. gud Pastcur Insti-

tutes, etc. The University of LiUe is the second in importance in France.
On the left, at the end of the Place Philippe le Bon, take the Rue Solfirino
which crosses the Place Jeanne d'Arc and leads to the Rue de Douai.

From the Place Philippe le Bon. the tourist may visit the curious Monu-
ment built by the Germans in the Southern Cemetery, where several thou-

THE UNIVERSITY

sands of their soldiers were buried. The monument represents a Walkyrie
carrying off a dead warrior to the Walhalla (p. 64).

To reach the Cemetery, take the Rue des Pyramides, on the right of the
Church, then the Rue des Posies, go through the Porle deS Posies and follow
the Rue du Faubourg des Posies to the cemetery. Return to the Porte des
Posies, taking on the right the Boulevard Victor Hugo which leads back to the
crossing of the Rue Solfirino and the Boulevard des Ecoles (see Itinerary, p. 36).

If preferred, the tourist can go direct from Philippe le Bon Square to the
Douai Gate, via the Rue Solfirino (continued by the Rue de Douai), passing
between the University and SI. Michael's Church.

See Itinerary, p. 36

CEAIER
CAOSED
BY THE
EXPLOSION.

The " Dix-huit Fonts " (see p. 22)

On reaching the Rue de Douai, the cracked walls of the houses, many
of them roofless, which were damaged by the Explosion of the Germein
Amunition Depot known as the " Dix-huit Fonts ", come into view. The
tourist will get a closer view of them as he proceeds. At the Douai Gate,
talis the Boulevard de Belfort on the left, which leads to the scene of the
catastrophe. The crater is still plainly distinguishable, although its sides
are no longer sharp, and grass is springing up everywhere.

Climb to the highest point of the fortifications above the crater, to get a good
view of this moving scene.

To the right and left extends the regular and picturesque line of the
Vauban fortifications, the red brick walls standing out well against the
green of the grass-covered slopes. In the nearest walls are large crevices.

SPINNING
MILL DES-
TROYED
BY THE
EXPLOSION.

THE " DIX-HUIT I'ONTS s

THE RUE
DE RONCHIN

while below, the tourist sees the crater strewn with rubbish and portions
of the vaulting. In front, the wrecked splnnlng-mills, of which only the
chimneys remain standing, and the devastated streets (Rue de Ronchin
Rue de Tr6vise, etc.), form impressive silhouettes.

Return to the Douai Gate, in front of which traces on the ground mark
the site of a block of buildings burnt down by the Germans in October 1914
when they entered the town. Take again the Rue de Douai, then the Bou-
levard des Ecoles, following the latter to the Rue and Porte de Paris.

To the right of the Rue de Paris, in the Boulevard Louis XIV are the
School of Arts and Crafts and the Pasteur Institute)

THE RUE
DE RONCHIN,

:Jj/$ill

i ji

ijffip^^JljjI^^T^^^^

HB^^^K

j^St

pKKMP^g&rp^'' -^"giwyami

^^^

'^'/^^^S^BmS^BsSBBL

r- US'

^BS^m^mm

See Itinerary, p. 36

The Paris Gate

This gale was built in 1685-1695 from the plnns of a local architect
(Simon Vollant), to commemorate the return of Lille to France (1 667).
It was completely restored in 1895. The demolition ol' the old line o f for-
tifications left this gate isolated in the middle of the town, and it was to
ornament and finish off those portions which adjoined the ramparts, that
additions in the same style were then made. The whole forms a Monu-
mental Gate and Triumphal Arch.

In a large semi-circular arch is the Royal Coat of Arms, while below
are the Arms of Lille carved on a stone tablet. On either side of the latter
are channels for receiving the drawbridge levers.

To the right and left, two Doric columns on pedestals support the whole
of the entablature with frieze and cornice, above which are trophies, helmets
and flags. On pedestals between the columns are statues of Hercules (on
the right) and Mars (on the left), while above are sculptured motifs in derai-
relief.

The most remarkable part of the monument is the great sculptured motif
which crowns the whole. In the middle, Victorj' seated amidst arms and
standards, raises her right hand to crown the King (Louis XIV), seen in
the medallion Immediately below. At Victory's feet, somewhat to the
right and left, two figures of Fame proclaim the glory on trumpets.

The whole is expressive and graceful, attesting the great ability of the
artist in treating this somewhat commonplace theme.

Take the rue Carnot to the right of the Gate, ikirting the Square Ruaull,
which is the continuation, as far as the Hospital of St. Saviour.

This hospital, sometimes known as that of St. John the Evangelist, was

I'HE NOBLE Tower

foundedinl216, after
the battle of Bouvi-
nes, by the Countess
Jeanne de Constan-
tinople. The present
brick and stone build-
ings date from the
17th and 18th cen-
turies.

In the Middle-
Ages, hospital wards
contained an altar
at one end, so that
the patients could
hear Mass from their
beds. A heavy cur-
tain was then drawn,
cutting off the altar
from the remainder
of the room.

In the hospital of
St. Saviour, the choir
of the chapel, which
is lighted by high,
broken-arch win-
vaulted room, openingon the right, serves as an

THE

NOBLE

TOWER.

dows, still exists. A low,
oratory for the nuns.

Skirting the Hospital on the right, the tourist comes to the Noble Tower.
Built in 1459, the Noble Tower was formerly the centre of the town's
defences. It consisted originally of three stories, one of which contained
ribbed Gothic vaulting. Of great size and massive construction, the
tower is flanked by two smaller ones connected by a curtain. The upper
portion of the tower has disappeared.

Near by, is seen the steeple of the church of St. Saviour, a modern,
pseudo-Byzantine edifice.

Return to the Paris Gate, via the Ruaull Square, taking again ilie Rue

de Paris. On the left,

J. at n' 224 is a high

gabled wall, con-
taining vestiges of a
broken - arch bay,
all that remains of
the old Hospice
Ganthois, founded
in 1466 by Jean de
la Cambe, surnam-
ed Ganthois. The
right wing was
rebuilt in the 17th
century. Over the
entrance appears
the date - 1664 "-
An interior court,
shaped like a cloi-
ster, leads to the
patients' ward.

THIRD ITINERARY

(Follow the arrows along the streets indicated by continuous lines).

From the Grande Place to the Citadelle.

Monuments to be seen on the way : The Monument to Desrousseaux
in the Jussieu Square, the TesteUn Monument, the Church of the
Sacred Heart, the Palais Rameau ; the Bridges over the Deule,
Monument to Negrier, Churches of St. Andre and St. Catherine.

The temporary bridges mentioned further on, existed in April 1919.
In whatever state the tourist may find them, he need only follow Ihe Deule
canal, after the Jardin Vaubeui, cross the first bridge he meets, and tarn back
to the left (if necessary) on the other side, until he comes to the avenue which
opens out on the right opposite the Boulevard de la Liberti, and which leads
to the Citadelle.

Leave the Grande Place by the Rue Nationale, following the lalter as far
as the church of the Sacred Heart, whose high unfinished tower will be seen
on the right. To the right is the Jussieu Square (landscape garden laid
out by Barillet in the moats of the old fortifications), at the entrance to
which is a monument to the local poet and song- writer Desrousseaux

THE PALAIS HAMEAfJ

MONl'MENT

TO DES-

SOUSSEAUX,

vard Vauban, on the right of which is

(photo opposite),who started his
career (1820-1892) as a simple
working-man, and whose dia-
lect songs are still sung. At
the foot of the monument is
the figure of a young mother
rocking her child to sleep, re-
calling the composer's most
popular song: "Dors, min p'tit
qainguin. "

Cross the Boulevard 'de ]la
Liberty, then skirt the Testelin
Monument. M. Testelin was
Prelect of the North of France
and " Organizer of National
Defence in the North in 1870-
1871 "- The monument bears
traces of the bombardment,
while the bronze statues which
surrounded the pedestal were
carried away by the Germans.

On reaching the Church

of ! the Sacred Heart, turn

to \the right and follow the

Rue de Solferino to the Boule-

ihe Palais Rameau.

The Palais Rameau

THE

PALAIS

RAMEAU.

This fairly large building was erected in 1878; with the financial help
of an agriculturist named Rameau. The principal hall is used for exhibi-
tions, more especially horticultural. The rather curious facade includes

a bust of Rameau flanked by
figures of the goddesses Flora
(flowers) and Pomona (fruits).
In the rear of the Palace Gar-
den is a fine circular conser-
vatory.

On leaving the Palais, take
on the right the Boulevard Vau-
ban which, a little further on,
crosses the Jardin Vauban
(pretty public garden), leading
to the Canal de la Moyenne
Deule.

Skirting a portion of the Cit-
adelle and continuing the canal
of the Haute Deule, this canal
connects Lille with la Bassde
and Douai. The river Deule was
first opened up to navigation
in 1271, while in 1830, its sid-
ings were improved and the
water-way deepened.

(In April 1919, it was neces-
sary to follow the Deule as far
as the Square du Ramponneau,

THE CITADELLE

THE
CITADKLLE

where a temporary wooden bridge had been built close to a half-destroyed
foot-bridge. After crossing the bridge, visitors had to come back to the left
as far as the first avenue on the right leading to the Citadelle (see p. 49).

The Citadelle

This masterpiece of the fortification art is the work of Vauban
(17th. century). In shape a regular pentagon, it includes numerous detached
out-works. Entrance to it is gained through the Royal Gate, which dates
from 1670 (photo above). It contains barracks and a chapel (photo below),
and it was in the latter, that the hostages of Lille spent their nights during
the German occupation (p. 12).

Jacquet, Deconinck, Maortens, Verhulst and Trulin were shot
in the northern moats by the Germans (p. ISV

After visiting the Citadelle, re-cross the bridge, turn to the left and follow
the Fagade de I'Esplanade, fine avenue planted with linden-trees, which
runs alongside the canal. The ruins of Napoleon Bridge, blown up by
the retreating Germans, will be noticed (photo p. 52).

Further on, at the northern end of the avenue, is the Negrier
Bridge which was also destroyed by the Germans. Looking towards
Napoleon Bridge, the toTverof St. Catherine's church appears above the

CITADELLE
CHAPEL.

NAPOLEON BRIDGE

NAPOLEON
BRIDGE

before
destruction.

THE NAPOLEON BRIDGE dated from 1912. It was destroyed by the retreating Germans

(see -b. 10).

Beyond the bridge is seen the tower oj St. Catherine's church (see p. 54).

This photograph was taken from the Negrier Bridge (p. 53).

NEGRIER BRIDGE

NEGRIER
<^ BRIDGE.

trees bordering the canal. Near by, is the statue of General Negrier by
Bra (1849), photo below, which was damaged by flying debris, when the
bridge was blown up.

Take the Rue da Magasin on the right to the rue Royale, and follow the latter to
the right. With its continuation, the Rue Esquermoise, which leads to the
Grande Place, the Rue Roy ale forms one ot the main arteries of the old town.

The Churcli of St. Andre is reached shortly afterwards.

Church of Saint- Andr6.

This church was erected in 1702. The doorway, with its two tall mo-
dern statues of St. Peter and St. Andrew in niches, is of two different orders,
superposed and divided by an entablature,

the whole being surmounted by a triangular ■ [

pediment..

Near the entrance are two peiintings :

The Purification, and the Adoration of
the Wise Men, by Otto Venius. In the
southern aisle is a St. Theresa in Heaven
by A. de Vuez; in the chapel of St. Joseph :
God sending his Son to save the World,
by Van Oast; on the High Altar ; Mar-
tyrdom of St. Andrew by a local artist,
G. Descamps; on either side of the choir,
marble busts of St. Peter and St. Paul, by
Quellin; in the northern aisle, the Annun-
ciation by A. de Vuez; in the Chapel of
the Virgin, the Virgin giving the scapulary
to one, Simon Stock, by Jean Van Oost ;
a silver Tabernacle with bas-relief repre-
senting The Crucifixion, by the local gold-
smith Baudoux; an 18th century, wrought-
iron railing ; 16th century sacerdotal
ornaments from theAbbey of Loos. The
pulpit {phofo p. 54) by J.-B. Daneson of
Valenciennes, dates from 1876. Its sound-

GENERAL
NEGRIER.

ST. CATHERINE S CHURCH

THE PULPIT,

CHUnCH

OF ST.

ANDRi:.

ing-board represents a heavy curtain
raised by an angel.

Further on in the Rue Royale, after the
Banque de France, in a small street on
Ihe right, is the Church of St. Catherine
(photo below).

Church of St. Catherine

Like many Flemish churches, that of
St. Catherine has no transept, and con-
sists of three practically identical naves.
Standing out from the fagade, a large
square tower, flanked at the corners by
eight buttresses, supports the ancient
timber-work belfry — one of the finest
in the region. The bell-chamber is
lighted by broken-arch bays. One of the
heavy bells (1403) bears a curious ins-
cription in rhymes. Below the tower
is the great doorway

The exterior decoration is very sober
in style. The right-hand side of £he
building is masked by houses. The left
facade, between whose high mullioned
windows are buttresses decorated with small ornamental arcades, has
been restored in modern times. Belts of foliage run round the gutters of
the roof. The carvings on the great and small doorways are modern.
Inside the church are two rows of columns on moulded bases, the corbels
of whose capitals are ornamented with foliage. The nerves of the vaulting
are plaster.

In the northern aisle, is a painting by Rubens : The Martyrdom of

St. Catherine, dating from
about 1622 ; in the Chapel
of our Lady of Lourdes, on
the left of the choir, in a
small niche, is a statuette of
our Lady of the Seven Afflic-
tions, given by Philippe le
Bon, in 1450, to the collegiate
of St. Peter. In the Chapel
of the Sacred Heart, to the
right of the choir, is a small
15th century funeral monu-
ment in a niche. The car-
ved stalls ornamented with
statues are also noteworthy.
After visiting the church,
return to the Rue Royale; at
nos. 1 and 3, curious 17th
century houses.

Attheendofthe Rue Royale,
take the Rue Esquermoise,
(which is ihe continuation, and
which contains 18th century
houses at nos. 83 arid 101),
as far as the Grande Place.

FOURTH ITINERARY

(Follow the arrows along Ihe streets indicated by continuous lines)

From the
Roubaix
Gate, tourists
may go to the
Eaii Ceme-
tery, where

JACQUET

and TRULiN
are buried
(see p, 24)

THE OLD TOWN

Chief Buildings : The Church of our Lady of the Vine ; Gomtesse
Hospital, Law Courts. Church of St. Magdalene, Hotel des Ceinonniers,
Roubaix Gate.

Starting from the Grande Place, cross the Place du Thidtre and take the
Rue de la Grande Chaussie, on the left of the Nouvelle Bourse : 13th and 14th
century houses at nos. 11, 14, 15, 42 and 52. On ihe right take the Rue des
Chats Bossus and Place du Lion d'or, leave the Place St. Martin on the right
and take the Rue de la Monnaie on the left. At n" 31 in this street, opens a
narrow passage leading to the Church of Our Lady of the Vine, which
is being erected on the site of the Castle of Buc. When finished, it will
be one of the largest of modern Gothic churches. The inhabitants of Lille
have already surnamed it " the Cathedral ". Building was begun in 1855,
from plans by the English architects Glutton and Burges, revised by the
Jesuit, Arthur Martin. 13th century in style, the choir, over crypt, is only
half-finished, while the remainder of the edifice has not yet been begun.

In the chapel of the apse, over the altar, is a statue of Our Lady of the
Vine, venerated since the 13th century as the Patron Saint of the town.
In a chapel on the left are plans and a model in relief of the finished basi-
lica.

Return to the Rue de la Monnaie, at n" 32 of which is the Comtesse
Hospital.

5()

THE PALAIS DE JUSTICE

The Comtesse Hospital was founded in 1243, by Countess Jeanne de
Flandre ; the entrance dates from 1649, and opens on to a curious vaulted
passage. A 15th century gable faces the Rue Comtesse.

Inside are paintings by Arnould de Vaez and Wamps. The chapel
contains fine timber-work vaulting and a commemorative tablet
inscribed with the names of the French officers who died in this hospital
of wounds received at the Battle of Fontenoy.

Follow the Rue de la Monnaie, as far as the Place du Conceit. Turn
to the right, as far as the Canal de la Basse Deule, by the side of which is the
Colonnade of the Law Courts (1837) (photo below).

The Deule is an important river about 40 miles long, which tr&verses
the whole of the coalfields of Northern France, and helps to carry the enor-

THE PAlrAIS DE JUSTICE AND THE PONT-NEUF.

mous traffic connected with the metallurgical, cotton, woollen and sugar in-
dustries of that region.

Follow the Deule Quay to the left, to the steps of the Pont-Neuf (If motoring
or driving, the tourist will have to go via the Place du Concert, Rue St. Andri,
then taking on the right the Rue du Pont Neaf). The latter crosses the Deule
by the Grand Pont or Pont Neuf, formerly called the Pont Royal. Built
in 1701 from plans by the architect Vollant, this bridge connects up the two
parallel roads which run alongside the canal. Originally, it was composed
of six arches, two of which spanned the river, the other four passing over
the low-level roads on either bank.

To allow the trams to pass, the two arches on the quay where the
colonnade of the Palais de Justice stands, have been replaced in recent
times by an unartistic platform resting on iron pillars, which has spoilt the
appearance of the bridge.

Steps connect the bridge with the quays.

After crossing the bridge, the tourist arrives in front of the Churcb of
St. Magdalene (1675), a vast round edifice surrounded by chapels and
surmounted by a cupola. It contains several interesting paintings •
on the High Altar, the Resurrection of Lazarus, by Jacques Van Oosl; under
the dome. The Four Doctors of the Latin Church, by the same painter ;
in the Chapel of Our Lady of Help, The Adoration of the Shepherds, by

THE ROUBAIX GATE

Rubens; in the Chapel of the St.
Sacrement, Christ crucified, by
Van Dyck: at the entrance to
the choir, The Woman of Sa-
maria and the Canaanitish Wo-
man, by Arnould de Vuez.

Follow the Rue de Thionville,
which begins opposite St. Mag-
dalene's Church, then turn to the
left into the Place de Gand, at the
end of which is the Gand Gate.
On the right, take the Rue de Cour-
trai which leads to the Place aux
Bluets. At the lower end of this
square, turn to the left into the
Rue des Urbanistes, then take the
first street on the right, the Rue des
Canonniers, whichskirts the Hotel
des Canonniers. The latter,
formerly an Urbanist Convent,
was given by Napoleon in 1804
to the " Sedentary Gunners
Corps " of Lille. It contains town
records and a small museum of
local interest.

A little further on, at the comer of the Rue des Canonniers and the Rue
de Roubaix is the old Hdtel d'Aigremont, dating from the 18th century.

Turning to the left into the Rue de Roubaix, the tourist uomes out in front
of the Rouliaix Gate.

ST. MAG-
DALENE';
CHURCH.

I THE
ROUBAIX
GATE.

THE ROUBAIX GATE

ROUBAIX
GATE.

As in the case of the Tournai Gate (p. 34), the retreating Germans blew up the bridge over the
moat, seen on p. 57 (before) and above (after) the explosion. A temporary road replaces

the bridge.

ROUBAIX GATE

The Roubaix or St. Maurice Gate dates from about 1620, and was
erected from the plans of Jean de Mesre, Jean Pelil and Jean Fayet. Of
its three entrances, the middle one only is ancient. Above each entrance
is carved a coat of arms. The one in the centre, forming a tympanum, is
between two pilasters supporting a triangular pediment. At the top is a
row of battlements, with a stone niche surmounted by a broken pediment
in the centre. The niche contains the statue of a woman.

Over the passage is a slate-roofed building ornamented with coloured
glazed bricks.

Go through the gate and talce the Rue du Faubourg de Roubaix to the
Eastern- Cemetery. The graves of Jacquet and Trulin are in that part
of the cemetery marked K. 6. on plan (p. 24).

Return to the Grande Place by the Rue de Roubaix, Rue des Ponts-de-
Comines and Rue Faidherbe.

ROUBAIX-TOURCOING

From Lille to Roubaix and Tourcoin^, via the Boulevard des Trois

Villes.

Total Distemce, including return journey : 16 miles.

ROUBAIX, one of France's chief industrial centres, is of very ancient
origin. The first important mention of it in history, however, only goes
back to the 15th century (1469), when one, Peter of Roubaix, obtained per-
mission from Charles the Bald, to manufacture cloth. It was occupied
and sacked several times by foreign invaders. In 1792, it was taken by
the Austrians, in 1794 by the English and in 1914 by the Germans.

In 1554, Roubaix, which had become a rival to Lille, obtained permission
from Charles-Quint and later (1609) from the Council of the Arch-Dukes
of Austria, to manufacture velvet, fustian and common grey linen cloth.

A decree of the State Council in 1762, granting similar privileges to all
the parishes, was the subject of long lawsuits, which were decided against
Lille.

The popular song-writer, Gustave Nadaud (1820-1893) was a native of
Roubaix.

There are no monuments in the town anterior to the Revolution.

The population, largely composed of the working-classes, increased
rapidly between 1881 and 1891, and numbered 120.000 in 1914. The
suburbs : Wattrelos, Lys, Croix, Wasquehal and Mouvaux, are extensions
of the town itself and are growing steadily.

Since. 1830, Roubaix has been an important centre for wool combing
and spinning, the machinery employed comprising 700 washing, carding,
combing and weaving machines and 300.000 spindles. Before the War,
the wool-spinning mills produced 6.000 tons of yarn annually, the whole
of which was used in France.

The dyeing and finishing industries, which date back to 1760, had
steadily prospered. In 1914, 48 firms, employing 8.000 work-people, were
engaged in this branch.

TOURCOING shared the fate of Flanders during the course of its his-
tory. The English and Flemish burnt it during the 14th century, while the
French seized it in 1477. In 1566-1568, it was twice sacked by the Gueux,
and the Duke of Albe held it to ransom. From 1667 to 1708, it was an-
nexed to France by Louis XIV. Later, it fell successively under the yoke
of the Austrians, Dutch and Saxons. Qn May 18th 1794, the French
beat the Duke of York's troops at Tourcoing, and paved the way for the
Victory of Fleurus on June 26th.

Tourcoing is essentially an industrial town. Its population has
steadily increased since 1491, when it numbered 2.500. In 1851, it had
grown to 27.615 and in 1914, to 82.644.

From time immemorial, Tourcoing has been a wool manufacturing
centre. Here, the wool is first washed and dried, then treated with cocoa-
nut fat, before combing, and lastly spun. Since 1845, the combing has been
done mechanically (Heilman's system). The same may be said of the
.spinning, which, since 1811, was done on Bobo machines. Before the War,
5.000 tons of spun wool were exported annually.

Among the specialities made at Tourcoing were : fine thread, table-
cloths and tapestry-w^ork of mixed silk and mercerized cotton (well-
known for their fine colouring and reasonable price), and carpets of the
Wilton and Oriental types.

PANORAMA OF EOUBAIX (Cliche LL}.

ROUBAIX

Itinerary : Leave Lille by the Boulevard Carnoi at the Place du TMatre,
between the Theatre and the New Bourse. Follow the Boulevard des Trots
Villes to Roubaix. Enter the latter by the Rue de Lille, follow its continua-
tion, the Rue Neuve, which leads to the Grande Place : Hotel de Ville and
Church of St. Martin.

Hotel de Ville

The present building is the work of the architect Laloux (1911) ; It
replaced the old Town-Hall, built in 1845 and pulled down in 1907. The
latter, as the town grew, had several times been enlarged and otherwise
altered, but had finally become too small for a population of more than
50,000 workpeople and an annual production exceeding 500,000,000 frs.
in value.

The new Town-Hall is a fine building, with a frieze representing scenes

THE HOTEL
DE VILLE

(Cliche I.L).

from the local industries. A wing on the right serves as the Stock-Ex-
change, while another on the left contains the town's records.

Church of Saint-Martin

This church, which was rebuilt and transformed in 1849. recalls vaguely
the 15th century Gothic style of the original edifice. Only the steeple
is ancient. The church has five, naves and contains four ancient tombs
and a Flemish altar-screen.

Take, the Rue de la Gare, lo the Nord-West of the Grande Place. At the
corner of the Rue Nain is the National School of Industrial Arts, to which

THE GRANDE PLACE AND CHURCH OF ST. MARTIN (Cliche LL)

has been added a Museum of Paintings and Sculpture (recently organ-
ized by M. Victor Champier), a Textile Museum and a Library contain-
ing 15.000 volumes.

The School proper (whose courses, which are well attended, include
dyeing, spinning, weaving, etc.) and its annexes (museum and Ubrary) are
installed in a fine building erected in 1889 from the plans of the architect
F. Dutert, who designed the Galerie des Machines in Paris. Built of dressed
stone and brick,- the three doorways lead to the library, museums (sculpture,
paintings, art-history and textiles) and the public lecture-hall.

The central pediment by Allar, represents Industry and Art. On
the pediments of the pavilions are symbolized : The Arts {by Lanson)
and the Sciences (by Hughes). The frieze (by Laoust) represents, symbo-
lically, the various branches of learning taught in the school.

At the station, take the Rue de I'Alma on the right, then turn to the left into
the Rue de Tourcoing, which leads straight to Tourcoing.

TOURCOING

THE GKANDE
PLACE.

Heavy German Artillery crossing the Square.

TOURCOING

The Rue de Roubaix {continuation of the Rue de Tourcoing) is prolonged
bg the Rue Carnot, which leads to the Grande Place. Here the tourist will
find the Church of St. Christopher.

ST, Christopher's church (Cliche L1.1

TBE DOOR-WAY (Clichi Ll.j,

TOUHCOING

THF. CRAN
PLACE.

German Review in the Grande Place.

The Church of Saint-Christopher

The original church was erected in the 12th or 13th century, but was
entirely rebuilt in 1860, in 15th century Gothic style. The body of brick
and stone, with its various balustrades, graceful sculptured pinnacles, and
richly decorated tracerj' windows, recalls the churches of that period, but
it is evident from the aspect of the interior, where the decoration is less
rich, that the church is modern. The spire above the tower is 17th century.

To the N. W. of the church is the Hotel de Ville, a modern, French
Renaissance building, surmounted by a large dome. It contains a library
of about 10.000 volumes, a museum of fine paintings, mostly modem
{Paul Chabas, David, Guardi, Harpignies, Peter Naefs, Henri Zo, Henri
Zuber) and specimens of old clothstuffs of local manufacture.

CONTENTS

Origin and chief historical events 2

How Lille lell in 1914 5

The deliverance 9

The German occupation 11

The Case of the Four 16

The Execution of L^on Trulin 18

The Explosion of the « Dix-huit Ponls 22

The Deportations 22

1st Itinerapy 25

The Grande Place . . .'~ 26

The Bourse 27

The H6tel de Ville . . 29

The Palais de Rihour 30

The Church of St Maurice 31

The Street and Gate of Tournai 34

2nd Itinerary 36

The Museum 38

The Ruins of the . Dix-huit Ponts 45

The Paris Gate 47

The Noble Tower 48

3rd Itinerary 49

The Palais Rameau 50

The Citadelle 51

The Napol6on and N6grier Bridges 52

The Churches of St. Andr6 and St. Catherine 54

4th Itinerary

The Church of Our Lady of the Vine .

The Palais de Justice

The Roubaix Gate

Roubaix and Tourcoing. . . . .

55
55
56
57

GBRMAN MONUMENT IN THE ^ODTH CEMETERY tll.LE (see p. 44

X-2. 114-6-1920

IMP. Cn.SSAC, PARIS

" OFFICE NATIONAL DU TOURISME "

17, Rue de Suresna. PARIS-VIIl^

The "Office National du .Tourisme "was created by
Act of Parliament on April 8th 1910, and reorganised
in 1917. It enjoys civil privilege? and financial autonomy.

It is directed by an Administrative Council chosen
by the Minister of Public Works.

Its mission is to seek out every means of developing
travel '; to urge, and if necessary to take any measure
capable of ameliorating the conditions of the transport,
circulation and sojourn of tourists.

It co-ordinates the efforts of touring societies;and indus-
tries, encourages them in the execution of their programmes
and stimulates legislative and administrative initiative
vi^ith regard to the development of travel in France.

It promotes understanding between the Public Services,
the great Transport Companies, the " Syndicats d'lnitia-
tive " and the " Syndicats Professionnels ".

It organises propaganda in foreign countries ; and tends
towards the creation of Travel Inquiry Offices in France
and abroad, with a view to making known the scenery and
monuments of France, as well as the health-giving powers
of French mineral waters, spas and bathing places.

ALL INQUIRIES WITH REGARD TO TRAVELLING
SHOULD BE ADDRESSED
TO THE " TOURING-CLUB DE FRANCE "

65, Avenue de la Gfande-Armee, 65
PARIS (XVin

BEAUTIFUL FRANCE
4, - ANJOU — TOURAINE

Dotted with picturesque old castles, and rich in sou-
venirs of a gldrious past, these provinces — surnamed by
the poets "The Garden of France" ■ — are celebrated for,
their wondrous fertility, smiling landscapes and splendid
Renaissance mansions. A favorite resort with motorists
of all countries, the tour known as ''.The Castles of the
Loire" enjoys, in particular, a world-wide reputatiMi. '

Principal Sights : Among the more celebrated castles
are : . ,

, In the neighbourhood of Blots : Chambord (Renaissance
marvel), Cheverny and Chaumont.

Near, Tours (in- the valley of the Loire) : Amboise, home
of Charles VIII ; Langeais, feudal castle ; Villandry,
Usse and Luynes.

Valley of the Vienne : Chinon, first meeting-place of
Joan-of-Arc with Charles VII.

Valley of the Indre , .• Azay-le-Rideau, Renaissance
Museum ; Loches, residence of Agnes Sorel, favorite of
Charles VII.

Vallelj of the Cher : Chenonceau, built on a bridge in
the bed of the river ; Valen; ay.

In the neighbourhood of Saumur and Angers : Montreuil-
Bellay, Brissac, Serrant and Durtal.

AH the great cities arotind here are interesting : Angers,
Middle-Age castle, cathedral, "Vieux Logis " and impor-
tant industries; Saumur, imposing feudal castle and
town-hall; Tours, cathedral, towers of St. Martin and
. Charlemagne and great bridge over the Loire ; Blois,
magnificent castle (Louis XII and Franfois I) ; Orleans,
cathedral, Renaissance town-hall and immortal Joan-of-
Arc souvenirs.

-ONE TRAVELS BEST IN FRANCE WHEN A MEMBER
OF THE " TOURING-CLUB DE FRANCE "

MICHEUN TOURING OFFICES

MICHELIN TYRE Co. Ltd., LONDON

Touring Offite : 81, Fulham Rosd, S. W.

MrCHELIN & Cie, CLERMONT-FERRAND

Toun'ng Office : 97. Boulevard Pereire. PARIS

-y.i^ i' "^-^-, ^^^~

Wh^ ask the Way, when

Michdin will tell you free of charge ?

Drop a line, ring us up, or call at one of our
Touring Offices and you will receive a carefully
worked out description of the route to follow.

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Full text of "Lille before and during the war"

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