iit I"
IWm
<wm
i n 17 iTTIT! ilTi • ITTT I ym , TFTl- IMTn :
li p
liililiijili
THE GIFT OF
^:hAm..<:i^.ia^^^
5
h.z^zo.^S..
\th:.is..
3777
Cornell University Library
F 1585 T25
Philadelphia in the Civ I War 1B61-1865
olin
3 1924 028 861 842
Cornell University
Library
The original of this book is in
the Cornell University Library.
There are no known copyright restrictions in
the United States on the use of the text.
http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028861842
CONCERNING THIS BOOK
The appropriation of $100,000 for the erection of a monument in
honor of the Soldiers and Sailors of Philadelphia in the Civil War
and for the publication of this book was provided for as an item in^
the loan bill of 191 1, approved by vote of the people. The movement
for this appropriation was initiated by the Grand Army Association,
with the co-operation of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion and the
Sons of Veterans, forming a Joint Committee of the representatives of
each body, which met October twenty-sixth, nineteen hundred and eleven,
and by resolution recommended an official historian. This action was
subsequently ratified by the Joint Committee of Councils on Soldiers and
Sailors Monument, and the sum of $10,000 was fixed upon for the cost of
io,Doo copies of the book. The general direction and scope of the
publication was entrusted, by Mayor Blankenburg, to a special Advisory
Committee. The book was completed at the end of the year nineteen
hundred and thirteen.
PHILADELPHIA
IN THE
CIVIL WAR
1861 1865
FRANK H. TAYLOR
ILLUSTRATED FROM CONTEMPORARY PRINTS
AND PHOTOGRAPHS AND FROM DRAWINGS
BY THE AUTHOR
PUBLISHED BY THE CITY
1913
E.V.
h-Z'^^O^S
Members of Joint Standing Committee of Councils on Soldiers'
Monument, 1910-11.
EDWARD J. ADAMSON, Thurber T. Brazer, Eduard Buchholz,
James E. Byram, William J. Crawford, Kennedy Crossan, E.
S. Davis, John W. Davidson (Chairman), Alfred M. De Pre-
fontaine, Thomas J. Duff, E. B. Gleason, James Hazlett, William
H. Holmes, Thomas S. T. Mackaleer, Neale MacNeill, George McCurdy,
Melchor Myers, William F. Morrison, David F. Murphy, Walter C.
Rex, Fred. Schwarz, N. J. Schumacker, Walter T. Sykes, John, G.
Voigt, W. W. Weaver, William C. Williams.
Members of Joint Standing Committee of Councils on Soldiers'
Monument, 1912-1913.
Edward J. Adamson, Elias Abrams, Eduard Buchholz, John Bethke,
William J. Crawford, George P. Darrow, P. Oliver Derr, A. M.
De Prefontaine, George A. Gilson, James Gourie, John H. Hahn
(Chairman), Henry J. Klos, Henry C. Kline, Bernard J. McGuigan, S.
McQuade, John R. Minehart, George Mitchell, Francis P. Moitz, John
J. McKinley, Jr., William H. MiUick, David F. Murphy, George C
Parry, Sheldon Potter, F. A. Smith.
Supervisory Committee on Historical Book.
(Appointed by Mayor Rudolph Blankenburg.)
Col. Robert B. Beath, Lieut.-Col. John P. Nicholson, Major-Gen. Tames
W. Latta. •'
Printed under direction of the Department of Supplies,
Hon. Herman Loeb, Director.
Copyright, 1913.
by RUDOLPH BLANKENBURG
Jor the City.
Printed by
DUNLAP PRINTING COMPANY,
Philadelphia, Pa.
OFFICE OF THE MAYOR
PHILADELPHIA
March 14th, igiz
Coi,. Robert B. Bbath,
Philadelphia, Pa.
My DfiAR Cownel:
I have taken the liberty of appointing you a member of a special committee of
three to ' co-operate with me in regard to the publication of a book, "Philadel-
phia in the Civil War," by Frank H. Taylor.
As an old soldier, you are undoubtedly interested in the work, and I am very
desirous to have it do full credit to all those concerned in its publication. The
other members of the Committee are Colonel John P. Nicholson and General
James W. Latta. *****
Hoping you will accept the appointment and thus help me in a worthy cause,
I am, with regards.
Very truly yours,
RUDOLPH BLANKENBURG,
Mayor.
REPORT OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE
December ist, 1913.
Hon. Rudolph Blankenburg,
Mayor of the City of Philadelphia.
The members of the Special Committee appointed by you to co-operate with
you in the publication of "Philadelphia in the Civil War," by Frank H. Taylor,
respectfully submit that:
They have read the manuscript while the work was in course of preparation,
followed the proof as its publication progressed, have been repeatedly in session,
and in constant consultation with the author. The book is the result of the
author's conscientious, resourceful, intelligent and untiring industry. Original
research has uncovered facts not heretofore disclosed; official records appealed to,
and personal recollections sought for to supply matter not previously available.
The literary construction of the work exhibits a control of language which,
while it preserves a most attractive and readable style, concentrates the material
from a great mass of the literature of the times.
The regimental sketches have been verified or revised either by leading mem-
bers of the associations, where regimental associations have been maintained, and
in their absence from the personal recollections of survivors.
The illustrations are from contemporary prints, with original drawings by
the author. They have been selected with a discriminating judgment, many are
of especial historic value, and together they give to the text a sentiment that
invites the reader's close attention.
A substantial historic asset, added to the City archives, the work will ever
remain a "living witness" to Philadelphia's prompt and patriotic response in men
and means when the country most needed the help of the soldier and the sailor.
ROBERT B. BEATH,
JOHN P. NICHOLSON,
JAMES W. LATTA,
Committee.
THE TRIBUTE OF WAR
THERE is "a theme of martial music which represents the ap-
proach, the presence and the departing march of a body of
soldiery. The first faint notes grow clearer and louder until,
amid the acclaim of trumpets, the brisk beat of drums and
with the quick stride of an aspiring movement, the troops sweep by in all
the brilliance and panoply of war, and then their tread slowly recedes
away."*
So the Union volunteers of the great American war came, in proud
array, along the flag-draped corridors of our national history, passed on
to their mission, consecrated to the cause of national integrity. What-
ever may now be told of their heroism and triumph can be but an echo
of the music which led them on ; which stirred the souls of all loyal and
patriotic men and women of that far-gone time.
Written half a century beyond the days of which it relates, this
book is, at best, only an outline of events, guiding the student of our
local annals to those abundant sources of information, the numerous
regimental histories, official records and personal narrations to be found
in the libraries, wherein the glory, suffering and sorrow of war are de-
picted, and where the names and deeds of all soldiers and sailors of
Philadelphia who had a part in the great conflict are inscribed. There
has been but scant room between these covers to portray the ardor of
the men, the sacrifices by women, the patriotic toil of children in the
schools. It was a time of all-pervading self abnegation, changing the
fortunes of a whole community. Out of the travail of this loyal city has
arisen her prosperity and greatness of to-day.
Monuments are erected to the honor of our heroes of the Civil War,
but the greatest of memorials is the splendid fact of a Union restored
and perfected, looking out upon the world unafraid, based upon the rock
of enduring Freedom, an example for the patriots of every nation to
follow, and in the consummation of which the people of Philadelphia
had an honorable part.
♦From an address by Colonel William McMichael upon the placing of the
corner-stone of the First Regiment Armory, April igth, iS&s.
PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEER AND MILITIA ORGANIZATIONS COMPOSED OF, OR
INCLUDING, PHILADELPHIA COMPANIES WHICH SERVED
IN THE COURSE OP THE CIVIL WAR
Washington Brigade, ist and 2d Regiments, Gen. William F. Small, not
mustered in.
Three Months' Service, i86i.
17th, i8th, igth, 20th, 2ist, 22d, ,23d, 24th Infantry; Commonwealth Artillery;
First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry; McMullen Rangers.
Three Years' Service.
23d, 26th, 27th, 28th, 29th, 31st, 32d, 33d, 36th, 41st, s6th, s8th, 6ist, 66th, 67th,
68th, 69th, 71st, 72d, 73d, 74th, 7Sth, 8ist, 82d, 88th, 90th, 91st, 9Sth, 98th, 9gth,
io6th, 109th, iioth, 114th, iisth, ii6th, ii8th, 119th, 121st, 147th, isoth, iS7th,
183d, i86th, 187th, i88th Infantry; 2d, 3d, sth, 6th, 8th, 9th, nth, 12th, 13th, 14th,
iSth, i6th, 17th, i8th, 19th, 20th Cavalry; 2d and 3d Artillery; 2d Provisional
Heavy Artillery; Schaffer's Battery A; Independent Company Engineers.
Colored Troops.
3d, 6th, Sth, 22d, 24th, 25th, 32d, 41st, 43d, 4Sth, 127th Infantry; colored troops.
These regiments were raised as a part of the United States Army and were
not credited to the State of Pennsylvania.
One- Year Service.
I92d, 198th, 199th, 203d, 213th, 214th, 2isth Infantry, and Keystone Ind.
Battery.
Nine Months' Service.
154th and 179th Infantry.
Six Months' Service, 1863.
20th Cavalry; First Battalion Infantry; Third Battalion Infantry; Woodward's
Ind. Battery.
Militia Emergency Service, 1862.
7th (not mustered), Sth, 9th, 20th, 21st, 2Sth Regiments; Battalion (National
Guards); Ind. Battalion Baldwin Light Infantry; Haine's Ind. Company Infantry;
Wilson's Ind. Company Infantry; Robertson's Ind. Battery; Miller's Ind. Battery;
Landis' Ind. Battery.
MiuTiA, Ninety Days' Service, 1863.
32d, 40th, 44th, 45th, 49th, sist, S2d, S4th, ssth, s6th, S7th, s8th, 59th, 6oth
Infantry; Rich's Ind. Company Infantry; Frishmuth's Ind. Battery; Fitzki's Ind.
Battery; Basting's Ind. Battery; Dana Troop, Cavalry.
MiitiTiA Emergency Service, 1863.
2oth, 31st, 33d Infantry; Mann's Ind. Company Infantry; Spear's Ind. Com-
pany Infantry; Campbell's Ind. Company Infantry; I^andis Ind. Battery; Miller's
Ind. Battery; First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry.
One Hundred Days' Service, 1864-1865.
196th, 197th Infantry; Keystone Battery; Stroud's Ind. Railroad Troop;
Southard's Ind. Company Infantry (colored troops).
5
COlNTErNTS
PagB
The Shadow of Armed Conflict 9
President-elect Abraham Lincoln at Philadelphia IS
The State Military Establishment i|
Pennsylvania Militia, Philadelphia Commands, 1861 18
Historic Militia Commands of the City 20
Artillery Corps, Washington Grays 21
The National Guards 23
Landis Battery 23
The Scott Legion 24
The State Fencibles 25
The U. S. Arsenals at Philadelphia 26
The Washington Brigade, 1861 27
The Closed Gate at Baltimore • 3°
Organization and Work of the Military Department of Pennsylvania 31
The Three Months' Volunteers, 1861 33
Philadelphia Commands, Three Months' Service, 1861 35
The Philadelphia Home Guard 40
May and June, 1861. A Surplus of Enlistments 41
The Military District of Philadelphia 43
War Service of the Railroads 44
The Three Years' Regiments 48 to 184
Army Bands 185
Colored Troops, Camp William Penn 186
Some of the Fighting Regiments 19S
Fort Delaware and Fort Mifflin 19$
The Navy 200
Work at the Old Philadelphia Navy Yard and in Private Ship Yards 201
War Service of Our Ships 204
The Naval Hospital and Home 206
The Refreshment Saloon Movement in Southwark 207
The Cooper Shop Soldiers' Home and the Soldiers' Home in the City of
Philadelphia 213
Before Antietam 215
Philadelphia Troops, Emergency Militia of 1862 218
The Civil War Financed in Philadelphia ; 220
The Military Hospitals at Philadelphia 224
Philadelphia Surgeons who Served 227
The Citizens' Volunteer Hospital 230
West Philadelphia (Satterlee) U. S. General Hospital 231
Mower U. S. General Hospital 234
A Key to the Official Records of the Military Hospitals 235
The United States Army Laboratory 236
The Invalid Corps, Companies Recruited in Philadelphia '. 236
Patriotic Volunteer Firemen !'.!!!!,!!! 237
The Union League of Philadelphia !!!!!!!!'!' 230
The Invasion of 1863, Gettysburg 242
Local Defences in 1863 '.!'.'.'.!!!.!.'. 24s
Organizing for Defence !!'.!!'.!!!!!!! 245
E^mergency Militia from Philadelphia, 1863 !!!!!!!!!!!!'.! 247
Ninety-Day Militia from Philadelphia, 1863 !!!".!".!'.!! 240
6
Pagb
Monuments, Markers and Tablets at Gettysburg 252
Gettysburg, 1913 256
Semi-Centennial Reunion at Gettysburg, July, 1913 257
July 4th, 1863 259
The Ellets and the Mississippi Ram Fleet 259
Philadelphia Companies Enlisted in Regiments of Other States 260
Eastern Troops to the Army of the Cumberland 261
The United States Sanitary Commission 262
The Christian Commission 264
The Patriotic Clergy and Chaplains 265
Bounties and Drafts 267
Camp Philadelphia 270
Camp Cadwalader 270
The One- Year Regiments, 1864-5 271
Enlisted for Nine Months 275
One Hundred Day Troops, 1864-5 276
Army Necrology 280
Citizens of Philadelphia who Gained the Rank of General Officers 292
Brevets in Philadelphia Regiments 294
Regiments Losing Fifty or More Killed or Fatally Wounded 207
Boy Soldiers of "61-65" •■ 298
Central High School in the Army and Navy 300
U. of P. in War 301
Girard College in the Army 301
A Pennsylvania Monument at Cold Harbor 302
Recruiting Stations in Philadelphia 302
Some Local Associations for the Aid and Comfort of the Soldiers 306
Relief from the City 310
When Richmond Fell 310
Three Sundays 311
The Welcome Home, 1865 313
Famous War Songs 314
Return of the Colors 315
Major-Gen. Charles Ferguson Smith 320
The Dahlgrens 320
Thomas Buchanan Read 321
James E. Murdock 322
Military Order of the Loyal Legion 323
Grand Army of the Republic 324
Memorial Day in Philadelphia 328
National Cemetery at Philadelphia 329
Grand Army Association 330
Regimental Associations 330
Organizations of Naval Veterans 331
The Association of Union Ex- Prisoners of War 332
The Women's Relief Corps 333
Army and Navy Medal of Honor Men 334
The Sons of Veterans, U. S. of A 337
Principal Memorials of the Civil War Located in Philadelphia 338
Reorganization of the National Guard of Pennsylvania 339
Regimental Histories at the Libraries 341
War Chronology, Philadelphia 344
Index 356
ILrLrUSTRATIOIVS
Facing Page
Alexander Henry, War Mayor of Philadelphia 8
Philadelphia Zouaves Passing Independence Hall lo
A Soldier of the First Infantry i7
Frankford Arsenal 24
Schuylkill Arsenal 25
Pennsylvania R. R. Station and The Girard House in 1861 32
P. W. & B. R. R. Station 33
Armory, National Guards 4°
City Arsenal and Ladner's Military Hall 41
Tablet, Gen. George A. McCall 72
Camp Washington, Easton, Pa 73
Union Volunteer Hospital 80
Cooper Shop Soldiers' Home 80
State Arsenal, Broad Street 81
Broad Street U. S. General Hospital 81
Citizens' Volunteer Hospital 96
Moyamensing Hall and Old Carriage Factory, Fifth and Buttonwood Streets . . 97
Camp Meigs, Sixth Cavalry 112
Camp Ballier, 98th Infantry, and Camp N. P. Banks, 114th Infantry 113
Camp Stanton, 19th Cavalry 136
Camp Union, Ii8th Infantry 137
Camp Gallagher, 13th Cavalry 137
Camp William Penn 184
School for the Selection of Officers for Colored Troops 185
Fort Delaware, Confederate Prisoners 192
Fort Mifflin, A Prison for Deserters 193
U. S. Navy Yard, Foot of Washington Avenue 200
U. S. S. New Ironsides and U. S. S. Tuscarora 201
Passing Regiments from the North and East 208
Union Volunteer Refreshment Saloon 209
Offices of Jay Cooke & Co., U. S. Mint 216
New Post Office 217
Pennsylvania Bank 217
Satterlee General Hospital, Location 224
General View, Satterlee U. S. General Hospital 225
Mower U. S. General Hospital 232
Cuyler U. S. General Hospital 233
Union League Club House 240
Bronze "Tablet, Union League Memorial 241
Defence of the City of Philadelphia, Poster .- 248
Scene at Fifth and Chestnut Streets, June, 1863 249
Government Laboratory, U. S. Array 264
U. S. Naval Home and Hospital 264
Fair of the U. S. Sanitary Commission ] . . 265
Types of Fire Ambulances !...!!'.'.! 272
Hibernia Engine 27i
Ambulance of the Philadelphia Fire Engine Co 273
Return of the Colors, July 4th, 1866 ^12
Civil War Memorial in Fairmount Park ,1,
Tablet on Site of Camp, 88th Infantry Xi'i
Headquarters, G. A. R., Department of Pennsylvania '...'..'.'. 328
School Children, 33d National Encampment, G. A. R '..'......'. 329
Brevet Major-Gen. St. Clair A. MulhoUand and Staff, Founders' Week Parade! 329
Statue of President Lincoln, Fairmount Park \ 3,5
Leaders of the Union Armies in Bronze \\\ ,,-
8
ALEXANDER HENRY, WAR MAYOR OF PHILADELPHIA.
From a painting by J. Henry Brown, 1859.
THE SHADOW OF ARMED CONFLICT
Ante Bellum Conditions in Pliiladelphia
IN the disturbed period preceding the actual outbreak of the Rebellion,
Philadelphia, situated but a few miles above the latitude of the old
divisional line of Mason and Dixon, was far from being locally
united upon the problems of the time. Although this city, by reason
of its Revolutionary shrines and traditions, is the very Mecca of the
American patriot, there were important political and commercial reasons
why she should hesitate to become actively arrayed against the South and
its institutions. Twenty-three years before the commencement of civil
war an uncontrollable riot, representing, in a degree, the sentiment of a
large proportion of the people, had destroyed the new Pennsylvania Hall,
"devoted to the rights of man," and driven from the city the little group
of anti-slavery enthusiasts there assembled. New England looked upon
Philadelphia as a southern rather than a northern community.
From early in the century a large percentage of the manufactured
goods made here had been shipped, by sea, to every southern port. The
completion, in 1838, of the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Rail-
road, having its headquarters at Eleventh and Market Streets, in this
city, provided another strong bond uniting Philadelphia to the South.
The tonnage rates from this port to all southern points were far below
those of New York and Boston. The South, long the most wealthy and
luxury-loving section of the country, was Philadelphia's best customer.
The extensive jobbing houses arrayed along Market, Chestnut and the
river front carried, as a rule, profitable lines of slave-state accounts.
Every Southern belle considered Philadelphia-made boots as a neces-
sity, while Philadelphia household furnishings were to be found in every
southern store. Southern side-boards were inevitably provided with
Philadelphia ales. This city, in turn, was a great consumer of the products
of the South. Lumber and turpentine were especially required by our
industries, and our mills were large users of southern cotton.
Prior to the completion of the Pennsylvania (Central) Railroad
through to Pittsburgh, New York and New England commanded the
Western trade. Philadelphia merchants were, it will be seen, by virtue of
location and direct rail and water connection, driven to foster their
traffic with the South and the West Indies, and to shrink from whatever
circumstance might endanger it.
In the fifties the capital invested in Philadelphia factories exceeded,
according to Freedley (the industrial authority of the city), $ioo,ooc,ooo
and our operatives numbered 132,000. We required a market for goods to
the value of $145,000,000 annually.
Against this generally close relationship of business with the southern
people there stood, almost alone, the conscience of the Society of Friends,
10
which was either passively or ac*-ively arrayed, upon moral grounds,
against slavery. The main roii^c of the once famous "underground rail-
way" led through this city toward the further north and freedom. Bryant,
in his History of the United States, records that, in 1850 "Philadelphia
was the only place in the country, probably, where any feeling upon the
subject (of slavery) asserted itself and that there it was chiefly confined
to Friends." The first anti-slavery society in America was organized by
Philadelphia Quakers before the Revolutionary War.
In a pamphlet, recently from the pen of Ex- Attorney General William
U. Hensel, relating to "The Christiana Riot and Treason Trials of 1851,"
it is stated that the "Vigilance Committee" of Philadelphia, which included
Robert Purves, J. Miller McKim and William Still, had been instrumental,
directly or indirectly, in effecting the escape, in the course of a few years,
of not fewer than nine thousand slaves. The affair near Christiana, a
small hamlet upon the main line of the Pennsylvania Railroad, close to
the eastern border of Lancaster County, followed closely upon the enact-
ment of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850. A Maryland slave-owner named
Gorsuch, with his son and several other persons, undertook to reclaim
two of his slaves. In the ensuing fight he was killed and his son was
wounded. Mr. Gorsuch was acting within the law, but the trials, held in
Philadelphia, resulted in the acquittal of the two members of the Society
of Friends and the blacks who resisted the Marylanders. Col. Alexander
K. McClure, in his "Recollections," dignifies this as "the first battle of
the war." It stirred the whole south, and further affected the southern
trade of Philadelphia, which was drifting steadily toward New York
City.
But all of the milestones along the thorny road of anti-slavery were
regarded in Philadelphia, by the masses, with little more than passive
interest. The "Underground Railway" was commonly spoken of as some-
what of a mythical joke.*
The New York Tribune of May i, 1857, stated that "Philadelphia
has at least twenty manufactories of textile fabrics where New York has
one, and her superiority in the fabrication of metals, though less decided,
is still undeniable." The most welcome patrons of our hotels came from
the South. There weYe frequent interchanges of visits between our local
military organizations and those of Baltimore, Richmond, Charleston and
other southern cities. New Jersey's leading seashore resort. Cape May,
was filled, in summer, with slave-holding families. Our medical colleges
constantly graduated southern students, and many of the remedial prepara-
tions as well as the medical books, then in use all over the South, were
made here.
Politically, the Philadelphia vote was almost uniformly of a shade
*The body of John Brown was taken through Philadelphia December 4th,
1859. The incident was attended with a pro-slavery demonstration at the rail-
road station. Broad and Prime Streets.
II
agreeable to the watchful southern people. Our congressional represen-
tatives affiliated, generally, with the southern members when at Wash-
ington.
Between 1845 and 1857 the vessels engaged in the coal-carrying trade
from Port Richmond largely exceeded in number and capacity the whole
foreign tonnage of the city of New York. Much of this traffic was
coastwise southward.
In 1858 a list of twenty-five millionaires was compiled in Philadelphia.
This was a rich showing for that period, and to such capitalists more
business with the South spelled prosperity.* Baldwin locomotives were in
use upon every southern railroad. Philadelphia wagons and carriages
were common all over the South. Southern printers obtained their type
from this city, and here also were made the Bibles and school books for
the southern trade.
The spirit of the Mexican War, in which Pennsylvanians fought
side by side with southern troops, was an influence, in this city, for the
ensuing twenty years or more, in cementing southern affiliations despite the
agitation of the anti-slavery group.*
The ascendency of anti-southern ideas in Philadelphia may be said
to date from June Vj, 1856, when the first Republican Convention as-
sembled in the city.
The Union sentiment engendered by the excitements of the Buchanan-
Fremont Presidential campaign remained aglow through the following
years. It found expression in a variety of' seemingly insignificant ways.
But the business interests remained, as a whole, in an attitude of waiting
and hoping.
In the closing months of i860, although orders and remittances
were still reaching Philadelphia merchants from their southern cus-
tomers, there was a considerable falling off of demand from that portion
of the country, and an equally evident hesitation upon the part of shippers
to seek further trade in that field. Commercial bodies were greatly
concerned and many good citizens still believed that Philadelphia's duty
was that of an arbitrator between the extremists of both North and
South. George William Curtis, of New York, was announced to lecture
in the city, upon December 13th, as the representative of anti-slavery
elements, but the threats of riot were so loud that Mayor Henry dissuaded
him from the attempt. Instead, upon the same date, a monster citizens'
meeting was held in Independence Square for the purpose of extending
the olive branch to the South through promises of concessions. The
resolutions adopted were sent to South Carolina, but evoked no reply, t
*In a list of two hundred and fifty-seven names of local citizens who paid
Government assessments upon their incomes, thirty-one were taxed for $100,000
or more, thirty-three upon _$7S,ooo or more, thirty-four upon $50,000 or more,
and one hundred and fifty-nine for sums less than $50,000.
tAt this meeting two hundred and fifty vice-presidents and secretaries, in-
cluded nearly everybody then prominent in the city. Addresses were made
12
Another meeting, called by "one hundred and fifty prominent citi-
zens," was assembled to devise measures "to remove all ground of com-
plaint against the northern States and to secure the perpetuity of the
Union." This meeting developed bitterness over the resolutions and
accomplished nothing.
About the same time the Board of Trade met for a similar purpose
with no effective results. Still another gathering, called by leading
Democrats, met at National Hall, upon January i6th, to protest against
"coercion." One of the speakers, Benjamin Harris Brewster, Esq., said
that it was uncertain whether Pennsylvania "would go with the North
or "with the South or stand by herself." A resolution carried at this
meeting claimed "the wrongs of the South as our own." Judge Wood-
ward, afterward Democratic candidate for Governor, expressed the hope
that Pennsylvania would also secede.
Among the wealthier families of the city there had always been a
considerable infusion of southern blood. Southern men were engaged
in business here and their wives and daughters had a conspicuous part
in society aifairs. The Sunday Dispatch, of April 14, 1861, stated that
in a single square of Walnut Street, "occupying palatial residences,"
were twenty-two southern families, also that the commander of the
First Division of Pennsylvania Militia owned one of the largest planta-
tions in Louisiana; that the officer in command of Fort Delaware was
a southerner. Many of these adopted Philadelphians continued true to
the Union cause. Many such families were divided and subjected to
great distress.
Upon the day when President Lincoln succeeded to his high office,
of the 974 southern officers in the army and navy of the United States,
but 172 had resigned. They, too, doubted the coming of the war and
were slow to turn their backs on the old flag.*
Following the accession of the new administration there ensued a
marked avoidance of mention, in the Philadelphia newspapers, of local
military matters, although activity continued, all over the city, in recruit-
ing and drilling. There was still a hope that the southern people, a
large proportion of whom were not favorable to separation, might yet
advance new propositions. It was thought well to give the President
by Mayor Henry, presiding officer; Joseph R. IngersoU, Theodore Cuyler, and
Judge George W. Woodward. The resolutions there adopted recognized the
validity of the Fugitive Slave Law, deprecated all denunciations or interference
with slavery and generally went to the limit of oratorical conciliation, an attitude
which was soon resented by many who had been brought into the matter with the
expectation of hearing something more patriotic in flavor.
♦With the beginning of hostilities, 322 naval officers of southern birth or
affiliations resigned from the national service, they were replaced by volunteer
officers. Many southern officers remained loyal and served faithfully in the
Union fleets through the war.
Twenty-five of the thirty Major-Generals and forty-two out of ninety Brigadier-
Generals in the Confederate army were graduates of West Point Military Academy.
13
a chance to meet them half way. This policy of silence and waiting con-
tinued for several weeks. Meanwhile, Philadelphia merchants were re-
sponding to the urgent orders of retail customers in Charleston and other
southern points, and were hurrying ship-loads of merchandise down the
coast to reach destinations in advance of the date set for the enforcement
of the Confederate import duty. Agents of southern bankers were scour-
ing the financial quarters of Philadelphia and New York trying to find a
market for Confederate bonds. In at least one Philadelphia factory
rifles were being made, during March and the early days of April, for
southern soldiers. Very little activity was seen at the Navy Yard. Upon
April 6th the total number of workmen engaged there was two hundred
and eighty-five. No effort had been made to refit the dismantled frigate
St. Lawrence, long moored at the wharf.
The conciliationists, at this time, called themselves "Silver Grays."
Their opponents stigmatized them as "dough faces." When the test of
courage was applied many a "Silver Gray" went gamely away in the
ranks and many of their defamers stayed safely at home.
A report having been spread about that the southern business men
intended to repudiate their northern debts, numbers of them forwarded
checks, with indignant denials, accompanied with friendly assurances
that the South did not want war and her merchants deplored separation.*
Upon the twelfth day of April the Confederates opened fire upon
Sumter, and Philadelphia, in common with all sections of the loyal
North, awoke from her dream of peace. Upon April 15th the President
called upon Pennsylvania for sixteen regiments of volunteers. At this
time the number of uniformed militia of Philadelphia aggregated about
4,500 men. Several organizations had already tendered their services.
The local regiments and battalions became the nuclei toward which the
majority of recruits were drawn. The first of the recruiting posters,
later so familiar, was pasted around the city on the 13th, inviting citizens
to rally at Military Hall for the formation of a company.
The story of the patriotic support given by the city of Philadelphia
to the cause of the Union during the following years of the great war
begins here. It was a part of the supreme effort of twenty-two millions
of people, living in the free and border States and the Territories, to
compel less than six millions, in the slave States, to stay iti the Union
and submit to its laws. The emancipation of 3,700,000 slaves, which was
to come later, was not a question at issue upon the commencement of the
struggle. The impending conflict was purely a matter of saving the nation.
The war was now on. Upon April i8th the Sixth Massachusetts
♦However willing the southern merchants may have been to make payment
to northern shippers of goods it was soon beyond their power to do so. Under
the provisions of a Confederate Statute enacted upon May 21st, 1861, payment was
forbidden upon all debts due to northern individuals or corporations. The money
thus due was ordered into the Confederate treasury. (American Historical Re-
view, October, rpia.)
14
regiment arrived and took quarters at the Girard House, which had been
closed upon March ist. At three o'clock, on the morning of the 19th,
a body of Philadelphia recruits under General Wm. F. Small started,
via Baltimore, for Washington. The Massachusetts regiment, which
left at the same time, forced its way through Baltimore and reached
Washington, but the attempt of the Philadelphians, without arms_ or
uniforms, to traverse Baltimore resulted in disaster and humiliation.
The scattering return of these demoralized volunteers was followed by
the destruction of bridges upon the Washington route. This compelled
the New York Seventh Regiment and the Eighth Massachusetts Regiment
to embark from the foot of Washington Avenue, on April 20th, upon
steamers for Annapolis. The honor of being first to reach the national
capital was already held by the infantry companies from Allentown,
Reading, Pottsville, and Lewistown, which had proceeded from Harris-
burg via the Northern Central Railroad. Philadelphia now devoted
herself, with characteristic energy and system, to the one great duty
of providing the Government with soldiers properly armed and equipped
as far and as fast as they were needed. In the course of the war
which then began this city was represented in nearly 150 regiments,
battalions, independent batteries, cavalry troops and other detached bodies
(including emergency troops not called outside of the State), the majority
of which were entirely local, and in addition to which were numbers
of Philadelphia companies serving in regiments of other States, as well
as thousands of sailors, marines and regular army recruits who cannot
be accurately enumerated.
The effect of war upon business in Philadelphia in the early months
of the struggle was a source of great anxiety among large employers.
At the establishment of M. W. Baldwin & Co., where eighty locomotives
had been built in the preceding year, matters were nearly at a stand-
still. Many of the hands were discharged and plans were considered
for turning the plant into a factory for shot and shell. Unexpectedly,
however, the National Government ordered many engines and the "war
railroads" required many more. Between 1861 and '65 Baldwin's turned
out 456 locomotives, many of them the heaviest and most powerful
ever constructed. At the ship yards, machine shops, textile mills and
in factories of many lines. Government contracts soon afforded abundant
employment. Our workmen were able to provide heavy and light
artillery, swords, rifles, camp equipage, uniforms and blankets in great
quantities. This activity continued throughout the period of the war.
PRESIDENT-ELECT ABRAHAM LINCOLN AT PHILADELPHIA
A NIGHT JOURNEY TO WASHINGTON
MANY and widely diiferent accounts of the journey through
Baltimore to Washington, undertaken on the night of Feb-
ruary 22d, 1861, by the President-elect have been published.
The following story has been written after a careful study
of the formal statements left by the officials who were participants in
the event.
Upon January 30th, 1861, President S. M. Felton, of the Phil-
delphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad Company, summoned Allan
Pinkerton, a well-known detective of Chicago, to Philadelphia, engaging
his services to assist in safe-guarding the railroad against threatened
injury in Maryland. Mr. Pinkerton placed a number of his men along
the line. One of these detectives, Timothy Webster, joined a disloyal
company of cavalry at Ferryman's, Maryland. It was through this
source that Pinkerton learned the details of the proposed murder of
Mr. Lincoln while en route through Baltimore. When Mr. Lincoln
arrived at Philadelphia, from New York city, upon the evening of Feb-
ruary 2ist, a messenger summoned Mr. Norman B. Judd, of his party,
to a conference with Mr. Pinkerton. Later in the evening the latter
was introduced to Mr. Lincoln and told him of the plot. A similar
warning was brought by Mr. Frederick Seward from his father in
Washington. It was difficult to convince Mr. Lincoln that the danger
was real. He insisted upon proceeding, with his entourage, to Harris-
burg at once after the ceremony of raising the flag upon Independence
Hall early upon the following morning. At the conclusion of the re-
ception at the State Capitol a consultation was held at the hotel, where
Mr. Pinkerton urged his story upon Judge David Davis, Capt. John
Pope, Col. Ward H. Lamon, John G. Nicolay and David Hunter. There
were also present G. C. Franciscus, General Agent of the Pennsylvania
Railroad Company, and Henry Sanford, of the Adams Express Com-
pany. These officials finally induced Mr. Lincoln and his advisers to
abandon the Northern Central Railroad train, scheduled for the journey
to Baltimore, and to return to Philadelphia. Governor Curtin called at
the hotel in a carriage, ostensibly to carry Mr. Lincoln to his residence.'
The only member of his traveling party who entered the carriage was
Col. Ward H. Lamon. Unobserved, the President-elect boarded a special
train which was hurried eastward. The persons with him were Mr.
G. C. Franciscus, John Pitcairn, Jr., General Baggage Agent; T. E.
Garrett, Col. W. H. Lamon, General Superintendent Enoch Lewis, and
Allan Pinkerton. At Harrisburg, two officials of the American Tele-
graph Company, Messrs. W. P. Westervelt and Captain Burns, with
Andrew Wynne, an employe, drove two miles out of the city and
15
i6
grounded the wires of the Northern Central line. No dispatches went
out of Harrisburg that night.
Mr. Lincoln's "special" reached West Philadelphia late in the
evening, but too soon for close connection with the train for Wash-
ington. The closed carriage containing Mr. Lincoln and Col. Lamon,
together with Allan Pinkerton and General Superintendent H. F. Kenny,
of the P., W. and B. Railroad, the latter on the box with the driver,
proceeded slowly down Market Street, up Nineteenth Street to Vine
Street, and thence down Seventeenth street to the P., W. and B. Depot.
Chairs for the party had been arranged for by "Mrs. Warne," one of
Pinkerton's agents. It was represented to the chair car conductor
that one of the passengers was an "invalid gentleman" who must be
admitted at the rear of the coach, and have a rear chair. The other
engaged seats were occupied by Allan Pinkerton and his agents.* Two
officials of the Company, Messrs. George Stearns and William Stearns,
remained on guard throughout the night. So carefully were the plans
consummated that none of the train employes of either road were aware
that Mr. Lincoln was aboard. Col. Thomas A. Scott,t waiting anxiously
through the night at Harrisburg in company with Col. Alex. K. McCIure,
was rejoiced to receive, soon after six A. M. upon the 23d, a dispatch
from Washington assuring him of the safe arrival of Mr. Lincoln.
THE STATE MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT
THE report of the Adjutant-General of the State of Pennsyl-
vania of January, 1861, estimates the militia of the State (men
subject to service) at 350,000, enrolled as follows: Twenty
divisions, sixty-seven brigades, three hundred and one companies,
of which forty-seven were cavalry, fifty-four artillery, one hundred and
twenty-five infantry and seventy-five rifle corps.
The actual organized and uniformed State force aggregated 56,500
and comprised four hundred and seventy-six companies. The arms owned
♦This narration has been read and approved by Comrade Wm. B. Spittall a
surviving Pinkerton who was one of the guards upon lie car. ' '
Allan Pinkerton was delegated by Gen. McClellan to organize the Secret
Service Corps of the Army. He held a commission as "Major E. T. Allen" this
being the maiden name of his wife. ' '
tCol. Thomas A. Scott, then Vice President of the Pennsylvania Railroad Com-
pany, acted for a time upon the staff of Governor Curtin. On April 27th 1861"
he was appointed, by the Secretary of War, Superintendent of Railways and' Tele-
graphs, his immediate duties being the restoration of transportation between An
napolis and Washington.
A SOLDIER OF THE FIRST INFANTRY. National Guard of
Pennsylvania
(Gray Reserves), 1861-1911.
(Henry K. Bush Brown, Sculptor.)
17
by the State, chiefly apportioned from the Federal Government, were
12,080 muskets, many of them flint-locks, 4,706 rifles, 2,809 cavalry
swords, 3,147 pistols and 60 six-pound bronze cannon. A large percent-
age of this material was unfit for service.
This condition accounts for the inability of the State to equip newly-
formed bodies of soldiery with weapons for which they were constantly
appealing in the winter and spring of 1861.
The inadequacy of the State military establishment in 1861 is evi-
denced by the Act of the Legislature dated April 12th, providing for
the office of adjutant-general, which official was also designated to act
as paymaster-general, inspector-general and judge advocate. He was
bonded in the sum of $20,000. His salary was $500 per year, with an
allowance of $3 per diem for each day "when actually engaged in the
service of the State."*
The lessons of unreadiness upon the part of the State, taught by
the experiences preceding the invasion of September, 1862, do not ap-
pear to have resulted in any legislative measures of improvement.
According to good authority, the State militia law in effect in June,
1863, had been in force since 1822. Under this law, when any portion
of the enrolled militia was required for duty, it was the business of the
Adjutant-General to notify the brigade inspectors who were to order
officers of regiments or companies to divide their commands into ten
parts by drawing names from a box. The first tenth was to be first
called and the other parts or classes in the order of their numbers, but
it was provided that men who had served in the War of 1812 should
only be called out as a last resort. Amendments were made in 1849 and
1858 which enrolled all able-bodied men between the ages of 18 and
45 years, with the proviso that those who did not care to identify them-
selves with the uniformed militia might escape service by paying fifty
cents annually, t
The effort to summon, muster and forward emergency militia
through the operation of this antique machinery was largely responsible
for the friction which now and then occurred between the officials at
the State Capital and the military officers of Philadelphia.^
It is only fair to reflect that Pennsylvania has never been, in times of
peace, other than an example of a commonwealth founded upon high prin-
ciples of humanity and devoted to the development of internal resources.
It was the confidence of her strength as expressed in the minds of
generations of her law makers, so largely of Quaker influence, that led
to the neglect of the State military arm and of the martial spirit dormant
within her borders.
♦Report of Adjutant-General, State of Pennsylvania, 1866.
t Inquirer, June 24th, 1863.
JThe officials of the reorganized Pennsylvania State Military Establishment
included Henry H. Smith, Surgeon General; Reuben C. Hale, Q. M. General;
Col. William McMichael and Major Craig Biddle, all of Philadelphia.
PENNSYLVANIA MILITIA, PHILADELPHIA COMMANDS, 1861
THE Legislature of the State of Pennsylvania enacted a law
"for the Regulation of the Militia of this Commonwealth, which
was approved by the Governor, April 21st, 1858. Section First
reads: "Be it enacted, etc., that in addition to the three Brigades
of the First Division of the City of Philadelphia, authorized by the Act
to which this is a supplement, there shall be organized within the City
of Philadelphia another Brigade to be called the Reserve Brigade, which
shall consist of four Regiments of Infantry and one Squadron of Cavalry,
for the special defence of the city." . , j-
The Philadelphia militia regiments, when thus reinforced, consisted of
the following organizations :
First Regiment, First Brigade, First Division, which includes the old National
Grays.
Rifle Battalion, First Brigade, First Division.
First Regiment, Pennsylvania Artillery.
Second Regiment, Second Brigade, First Division.
First Regiment, Third Brigade, First Division, Philadelphia Light Guard.
First Regiment, Third Brigade, First Division.
The new Reserve Brigade, Brig.-Gen. Patterson, was composed of :
First Regiment, Gray Reserves, Col. P. C. EUmaker.
Second Regiment, Blue Reserves, Col. Alfred Day.
Third Regiment, Gray Reserves, Col. C. M. Eakin.
*The Scott Legion, Washington Grays, and First Troop Philadelphia City
Cavalry, were independent organizations.
THE RESERVE BRIGADE INFANTRY, PENNSYLVANIA MILITIA.
While the active members of the Artillery Corps Washington Grays,
were preparing to accompany Col. Francis E. Patterson's new regiment
into the field, a number of the retired and contributing members of this
historic corps met, pursuant to a newspaper notice, upon April 17th,
1861, to consider the formation of a "Reserve Guard" "for the protection
of the city and support of the Constitution and laws of the United States
of America." At a second meeting, held two evenings later at Sansom
Street Hall, an organization was completed which was, by resolution,
entitled "The First Regiment Infantry, Gray Reserves, of the City of
Philadelphia." Peter C. Ellmaker was elected colonel and was commis-
sioned by the Governor of the State on April 21st.*
♦The North American and United States Gazette printed, April 22d, 1861,
a list of six hundred and fifty-eight names of citizens who had enrolled in this
regiment, which included those of a large number of men then prominent in the
ofiRcial, business and professional life of the city. This list has been preserved
upon the pages of the History of the ist Regiment, of which Major-Gen. James
W. Latta is the author.
18
19
As a part of the organized militia force of the State this regiment
was known as the "3d." By Act of Assembly dated May 3d, 1861, and
enforced by the Adjutant-General on September 7th, 1861, Col. Ell-
maker's command was designated the "ist Regiment Infantry, Reserve
Brigade."
Col. Ellmaker's regiment was quickly uniformed, and, in June, was
armed, by special order of Hon. Simon Cameron, Secretary of War,
with smooth-bore percussion muskets from the United States Arsenal at
Frankford. Drills, occasional parades and escort duty provided plenty
of work for the command throughout the year. Changes of personnel
among the officers and men, due to a desire for volunteer service, were
constant. Under the call for emergency militia the ist Regiment served
in 1862 as the "7th Regiment, Infantry Militia," this tour of duty
covering two weeks. In 1863 the "Gray Reserves" were enlisted for
the Gettysburg campaign into the national service as the "32d Regi-
ment, Pennsylvania Ninety-day Militia." This command was on duty
forty-two days. The ii8th (Corn Exchange) Regiment, and the 119th, in
the three years' service were both largely composed of both officers and
rank and file of men connected with the "Gray Reserves."*
The old National Guards' organization, an effective and popular regi-
ment, ready for any service required of it, was known in the Reserve
brigade as the First Blue Reserves.t
The 3d Regiment, Reserve Brigade, commanded by Col. Constant M.
Eakin, served as the 2Sth Regiment, under the emergency call of Sep-
tember, 1862, as guards at Camp Brandywine, Delaware, for the protec-
tion of the Dupont Powder works.
The 4th Regiment, known as the "Second Blue Reserves," was ident-
ified, under Col. Alfred Day, as the 8th Regiment in the Emergency
force of September, 1862, and as the 33d Regiment, Col. William W.
Taylor, in the Emergency Campaign of July, 1863.
♦The militia of the State of Pennsylvania was re-organized by Act of As-
sembly dated April 7th, 1870, and by a supplement to the Act of 1864, as the
"National Guard of the State of Pennsylvania," and thereafter the regimental
commands were numbered serially. The ist Regiment, Gray Reserves, retained
its original number.
f'Historic Militia Commands of the City."
HISTORIC MILITIA COMMANDS OF THE CITY
F
ROM these well-trained bodies of State and independent soldiery
hundreds of officers, many of whom gained high rank, were sup-
plied to the volunteer regiments of Pennsylvania and of other
States.
THE FIRST TROOP, PHILADELPHIA CITY CAVALRY
T
HE origin of this, the oldest military organi-
zation in the United States, is co-incidental
with the beginning of the colonial movement
which resulted in the war of the Revolution
and the eventual union of the American States under
the Constitution. In the course of the deliberations
of the first Continental Congress, in Carpenters' Hall,
Philadelphia, the colonial delegates appointed a Com-
mittee of Correspondence, charged, among other
duties, to initiate a force of defence "to maintain the
I rights of the people against the continued oppression
of the British Government." This committee of three
met, on November 17th, 1774, at the State House,
and on the evening of the same day, with twenty-five
other gentlemen, formed a company of cavalry des-
ignated "The Light Horse of the City of Philadel-
phia." The troopers were identified with the old and
exclusive clubs long famous as the Colony in Schuyl-
kill, founded in 1732; the Schuylkill Company of Fort
St. David's, dating from 1753, and the Gloucester Fox
Hunting Club, formed in 1766, and several were also members of the
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick and the Scottish St. Andrew's Society, which
dates from 1749.
The Troop was the first to carry a flag bearing thirteen stripes. In
the course of the Revolutionary War the Troop and detachments of its
members performed many notable services in the patriotic cause. The
command was also in the field in the course of our second war with Great
Britain. The present title and the existing uniform were adopted in
1833-
Between the years 1793 and 1865 the Troop furnished to the Pennsyl-
vania Militia (National Guard) eleven major-generals and thirteen briga-
dier-generals.
20
21
In the course of the Civil War seventy-three members of the Troop
lecame officers in the Union armies. Eight of them were killed or died
a the service.*
The Troop tendered its services to the Government upon each oc-
lasion of emergency, and was in the field in the summer of 1861, and
igain during the Gettysburg campaign, two years later. The command
)ccupied its first armory, on Twenty-first street above Chestnut street,
n 1874, and its present armory in 1901. The Troop is now identified
vith the Pennsylvania National Guard; but whether clad in khaki of
he field and camp or the picturesque dress uniform familiar in our local
nilitary parades, its members continue to maintain the honorable tradi-
ions of readiness and self-sacrifice for which the command has ever
)een distinguished.
ARTILLERY CORPS WASHINGTON GRAYS
A number of citizens who had served, during
the War of 1812, in Captain John Swift's
Second Company of Washington Guards, met
upon April 19th, 1822, and organized the "Vol-
unteer Corps of Light Infantry," of which Captain Swift
(afterward Mayor of the city) was elected commander.
Upon June 27th, 1827, the title was changed to that of
"The Light Artillery Corps Washington Grays." Six
years later it was modified to that of "The Artillery
Corps, Washington Grays." This command, indepen-
dent in character, was exclusive in its personnel and long
enjoyed a reputation as a "crack" organization. Among
its honorary members was the Marquis de Lafayette.
At the call of the Government, in 1861, two com-
panies of infantry represented the "Grays" as "A" and
"F" in the 17th Regiment in the three months' service.
Upon April 17th, 1861, the honorary and contributing
members, chiefly composed of those over forty-five years
old, met at the Wetherill House, upon Sansom street
above Sixth street, and decided to form a "Reserve Corps"
(see The Reserve Brigade, Infantry). At a second meet-
ing, held upon the 19th, at Sansom Street Hall, an organi-
*The officers who perished while in the service were Gen. David B. Birney,
Col. William Sergeant, 210th Infantry; Major Charles F. Taggart, 2d Cavalry;
Major Robert Morris, Jr., 6th Cavalry; Capt. Henry J. Biddle, A. A. G.; Brevet
Ueut.-Col. J. Penrose Ash, 5th U. S. Cavalry, and Lieut. J. Hamilton Kuhn,
^h Infantry.
22
zation was perfected which became the "First Regiment Infantry, Gray
Reserves, Reserve Brigade of the City of Philadelphia." Every com-
missioned officer, with one exception, -had been at some time a member
of the Artillery Corps, Washington Grays.
The old command of the "Grays" continued to maintain its dis-
tinctive organization. From this well-drilled body, in 1862, Company
"A" of the 2ist Regiment Emergency Militia wis recruited, and in 1863
the "Grays" furnished Company "A" and part of "B" to the 49th Reg-
iment, Ninety Day Militia.
In the course of the Civil War the "Grays" were represented by
members in the volunteer troops of seven other States, the District of
Columbia, the Regular Army, Marine Corps, and the Navy. From a
total of four hundred and forty-two members of the "Gray's" Battalion
who volunteered, one hundred and eighty-one received commissions.
Among these officers three became Major-Generals, nine Brigadier-Gen-
erals, eleven Colonels, fifteen Lieut.-Colonels, twenty Majors, sixty-one
Captains and sixty-two Lieutenants. Twelve of these officers were
killed or died while in the service.
In February, 1878, the corps was increased to a battalion of four
companies. In 1879 the battalion lost its independent status as a
military body, being then merged with the Weccacoe Legion and des-
ignated the "Third Regiment, National Guard of Pennsylvania." Sub-
sequently, through the intervention of the veteran members, the active
contingent was transferred, as Company "G," to the First Regiment.
National Guard of Pennsylvania.
A fund having been provided, of which $2,000.00 was presented by
Col. Edwin N. Benson, for the erection of a monument to the members
who participated in the Civil War, it was dedicated at Broad Street
and Girard Avenue upon April 19th, 1872. It was subsequently adorned
with the figure of a soldier in the uniform of the corps at a cost to the
Old Guard of about $5,000, and placed in Washington Square.
"GRAYS" WHO ENTERED THE REGULAR SERVICE.
Blake, George Alexander H...Brig.-Gen., U. S. Cavalry.
Blanchard, William ist Lieut., 2d U. S. Cavalry.
Burnett, Robert Lyon Major, U. S. Army.
Brown, James M ist Lieut, iiith U. S. Colored Infantry.
Engle, Archibald Hill Major, 13th U. S. Infantry.
Pagan, Louis Estell Captain, U. S. Marine Corps.
Harris, Enon M ist Lieut., 8th U. S. Colored Infantry.
Hough, Alfred Lacey Colonel, pth U. S. Infantry.
Kneass, Charles L Brevt.-Major, U. S. Army.
Pollock, William K 2d Lieut, ist U. S. Artillery.
Randolph, Wallace Fitz Major-Gen., U. S. Army. ,
Wallace, George W Lieut-Col., 12th U. S. Infantry.
White, John Chester Major, U. S. Army.
THE NATIONAL GUARDS
1
^ ■ '^HE National Guards Regiment of Philadelphia
originated in a single company formed in 1840
under Capt. Thomas Tustin, who was suc-
ceeded in 1844 by Capt. Stephen B. Kingston.
In 1846 Capt. Peter Lyle became commanding officer and
recruited the company for the Mexican War; but its
services were not required.
In 1856 the organization was incorporated as the
"Infantry Corps, National Guards of Philadelphia." The
armory built by the command, located on Race street, be-
low Sixth street, was opened on November i6th, 1857.
The "National Guards" first paraded as a regiment on,
December nth, i860.
As a part of the Reserve Brigade Militia the regi-
ment was known as the "First Blue Reserves."
The regiment tendered its services to the Government
on April i6th, 1861, arid was mustered in on April 27th,
for three months, as the 19th Regiment Volunteers. Fol-
lowing this term of service the 2d Regiment, National
Guards, became the basis of the 90th Regiment Volun-
teers under Col. Peter Lyle. A large proportion of the
three-year regiments originating in Philadelphia contained field and com-
pany officers who had been schooled in the National Guards.
Under command of Major Jeremiah W. Fritz the regiment was in the
field, in September, 1862, during the Antietam Campaign.
In addition to its services as the 90th Regiment, the National Guards
were active in organizing, and furnished officers for Baxter's Philadelphia
Fire Zouaves (72d Regiment), the 196th and 213th Infantry, the S2d
(2d Union League 90-Day Regiment, 1863), and other bodies of troops
sent into the field.
The Old Guard of the Regiment, composed of veterans and retired
members, has long maintained a distinctive organization.
LANDIS' BATTERY
ON April 19th, 1861, at a meeting held in the office of Chapman
Biddle, Esq., it was determined to revive an old company of
artillery dating from 1844 as the basis of a new organization,
which became Company A, ist Regiment, Pennsylvania Artil-
lery, and of which Chapman Biddle was elected captain. This command
23
24
included in its membership many of the best known and most affluent
citizens of that period. Captain Biddle and Lieut. Alexander Biddle re-
signed in August to recruit the I2ist Regiment of Infantry. Henry D.
Landis, who had also been active in old Company I, was elected captain.
In addition to repeated service in periods of emergency, Company
A (Landis' Battery) furnished from its membership many officers who
were identified with the regular and volunteer service, among them
Captain Frank H. Furness of the 6th Cavalry (Rush's Lancers) ; Cap-
tain T. C. Williams of the regular army; Captain James M. Lennard,
Jr.; Dr. S. Weir Mitchell of the Medical Corps, U. S. Army Hospitals
at Philadelphia; Major Harry C. Egbert of the regular army; Col.
John M. Gries, 104th Infantry; Major A. G. Rosengarten, 15th Cavalry;
Captain William Elliot Furness; Surgeon William F. Norris; Captain
Charles Chauncey, 2d Cavalry; Joseph B. Blakiston, 15th Cavalry; Cap-
tain Charles E. Cadwalader, 6th Cavalry (Rush's Lancers), and Gen.
Isaac J. Wistar.
Some other distinguished Philadelphians who were attached to this
command and served in emergency periods were C. Stuart Patterson,*
John G. Johnson, Judge Robert N. Willson, Judge F. Amedee Bregy,
Charles Morgan, Charles G. Leland, W. G. Leland, A. A. Outerbridge>
Edward W. Patton, C. Redwood Wright, Francis I. Maule, Clement
Biddle, William H. Rawle, Samuel C. Perkins, Woodruff Jones, Ed-
ward C. BuUard, Thomas Hart, Jr., William D. Winsor, William S.
Stewart, Richard S. Willing, Duffield Ashmead, Alexander Johnstone,
Alfred C. Lambdin, Joseph Meehan, John B. Thayer, James D. Young,
Rodman Wister, Thomas M. Newbold and Edward Pennington, Jr.
THE SCOTT LEGION
OF the Philadelphia militia companies which volunteered for
service in the war with Mexico the City Guards, Monroe
Guards, Light Guards, Cadwalader Grays, and Jefferson
Guards were organized as the First Regiment. After the re-
turn of the survivors they formed the "Scott Legion," and this veteran
body not only supplied many well-drilled officers to the Union forces, but
became the nucleus of the 68th Regiment Infantry Volunteers, one of
the most notable of Pennsylvania's fighting commands of the three-year
enlistment.
*Dr. Charles K. Mills relates in a recent narration of his experiences as an
infantryman at the shelling of Carlisle by the Confederates, that he saw Mr Patter-
son, of the battery, wounded in the sword hand.
FRANKFORD ARSENAL, Bridesburg, Philadelphia.
Main Entrance. z. Old Store Building.
3. Commandant's Residence.
(From war time photographs.)
SCENES AT THE SCHUYLKILL ARSENAL. 1862.
(The white horse is "Old Bill," Gen. Meade's war horse.)
From photographs in possession of Mr. Richard P. Barr.
THE STATE FENCIBLES*
Ti
iHIS infantry corps dates from the martial
period of our second war with Great Britain.
It was organized in June, 1813, and served in
the field during a portion of the following year
under Capt. Clement Biddle as part of the advance
Light Brigade. Lieut. Hartman Kuhn was elected cap-
tain in 1815, being soon afterward succeeded by John C.
McCall. Two years later James Page became captain,
remaining in this rank nearly fifty years, in the course
of which the command enjoyed a national reputation as
a "crack" drill corps.
When the Civil War impended, a second company
of Fencibles was recruited, the two serving as Com-
panies E and K, of the i8th Regiment of the three
months' enlistment. Subsequent to this tour of duty
the majority of the officers and men entered the three
years' service, principally in the 72d and 82d Regiments.
The reorganized Fencibles responded to the emergency
call of 1862, serving in Col. Alfred Day's 8th Regiment,
and again, in the Gettysburg campaign, the command
volunteered, being attached to Col. W. W. Taylor's 33d Emergency Regi-
ment. In the course of the war the Fencibles furnished to the army two
hundred and five of its active and retired members, a large proportion of
them holding commissions. After the war ended, the old military spirit
was dormant, but in 1871, with the election of John Ryan to the captaincy,
the State Fencibles entered upon a new and brilliant career. The com-
mand was increased to a battalion of four companies in 1877, and, under
Major Ryan, attained the highest proficiency in precision of drill. Major
Ryan died in 1886. Subsequent commanders have been Majors Wesley
Chew, William A. Witherup, Thurber T. Brazer (to June, 1913), and
Thomas S. Lanard. Incident to the Spanish-American War the State
Fencibles formed a battalion of the 6th Regiment, N. G. P., but later with-
drew from the National Guard, and is now an independent body, sustained
by the city. A feature of the Centennial parade of the battalion in May,
1913. was the presence of the "old guard," under Major Emanuel Furth,
costumed in uniforms of the type worn by the command a century ago.
*The list of organizing members, as they are given in the newly published
history of the corps ("One Hundred Years with the State Fencibles," Lanard),
includes representatives of a large proportion of the leading Philadelphia families
of the time. The first public mention of the organization appeared in the
American Daily Advertiser, July gth, 1813.
25
THE UNITED STATES ARSENALS AT PHILADELPHIA
UPON April 3d, 1861, Capt. Josiah Gorgas, the commandant
at the depot of military materials at Bridesburg (Frankford
Arsenal), Philadelphia, who was a native of Pennsylvania,
had resigned in order to cast his fortunes with the South,
and had been succeeded by a loyal officer.*
This important establishment, generally called "The Frankford
Arsenal," had been a part of the Government property in this city
forty-five years. The reservation covered fifty-nine acres upon the
shore of the Delaware River. The principal structures were the usual
barracks, two large Arsenal buildings, two store-houses, a hospital, pow-
der magazine and work-shops. At the opening of the war the materials
on hand were supposed to include about 18,000 muskets, a great
amount of saltpetre and sulphur, 50,000 pounds of powder, per-
cussion caps, primers, cartridges and general military stores, of
which horse equipments were the most important. These supplies were
being sent away by the new commandant to "the front" as rapidly as
possible, and space was being cleared for an augmented force of work-
people to be employed in the preparation of ammunition.
A brief paragraph appeared in a Philadelphia newspaper upon Janu-
ary 30th, 1861, stating that, upon the preceding day twenty car-loads
of rifles had been shipped from the Frankford Arsenal "to Washing-
ton." A few weeks earlier an attempt to ship munitions of war from
the United States Arsenal at Pittsburgh to southern points had created
a riot and the order was countermanded. It may well be doubted if
that consignment of rifles from the Frankford Arsenal ever reached the
national capital.!
In April, Gen. William F. Small, searching for arms for his "Wash-
ington Brigade," applied (after receipt of urgent telegrams from Wash-
ington) to the commandant of the Frankford Arsenal, and the latter
♦Captain Gorgas was a Pennsylvanian, appointed cadet from New York. He
went South, where he attained, in the Confederate service, the rank of brigadier-
general and chief of ordnance.
tOn November ist, 1859, there were stored at the Frankford arsenal, as set
forth in an official report of that date, 19,404 muskets. In, the course of the year
i860 the traitorous Secretary of War, John B. Floyd, had caused to be sent from
Springfield, Watervliet and other Northern arsenals to those of the South, or had
sold to the Governors of the Southern States at $2.50 each, muskets and rifles to
the number of 119,000. With his connivance, experts, some employed from abroad
by the agents of the South, were openely allowed the use of models and drawings
of weapons, field guns and machinery at the Northern arsenals, and were instructed
in the making of shells and fuses at the Government armories. This continued to
the date of Floyd's resignation at the end of the year. One of his last official
acts was to telegraph to the commandant of the arsenal at Baton Rogue to deliver
5,000 guns to the Governor of Louisiana.
26
27
replied that he had no authority to issue anything to troops not mustered,
and, in any event, could only provide fifteen hundred guns, a large
proportion being of doubtful value. When, in May, strenuous efforts
were being made to equip and forward the i8th, 19th, 22d and 23d
(three months) Regiments, the officers of those long-suffering troops
protested, with one accord, against the useless, antiquated and misfit
muskets offered to them from this Arsenal.
The United States Arsenal, located upon Gray's Ferry Road, be-
tween Carpenter street and Washington avenue, and commonly called
"The Schuylkill Arsenal," was established in the year 1800.* Adjoining
it upon the north is the United States Naval Hospital and Naval Home.
The Arsenal was, throughout the Civil War, an important depot for
uniforms, blankets and equipments for the outfitting of the armies of
the Republic. In addition to the large regular force employed in the
several workshops and warehouses a great number of persons, chiefly
from families of soldiers and sailors in the service or who had died
under enlistment, were kept employed in thousands of the humble homes
in this section of the city. The operations here were so constantly
urgent that warehouses outside were leased by the Government. One
of these "branch Arsenals" was the building adjoining the Custom
House, upon the west, afterward replaced by the Post Office. Other
storehouses for military clothing and equipment were created at William
Gault's brew-house at Twenty-first and Spruce streets, at the old hotel
building Twenty-fourth and Chestnut streets (built in 1833) and at
Murphy & Allison's machine shop on the Schuylkill river north of Market
stree't. In the "emergency" summers of 1862 and 1863 a company of the
employees was recruited to assist in defending the State. At one period
of the war the increase of the "contract system" in making uniforms
threatened the employment of several thousand women. A committee of
their number visited Washington and secured an order from President
Lincoln ensuring a continuance of their means of support.
THE WASHINGTON BRIGADE, 1861
AMONG men of military experience engaged, early in 1861, in
the formation of tentative bodies of volunteers in the City of
Philadelphia were Col. William F. Small and Col. Charles Ange-
roth. Col. Small's battalion was known as the "Washington
Guards." These organizations had headquarters at Military Hall, upon
*The official name of this Arsenal was changed in 1873, by order of the Govern-
ment, to "Philadelphia Depot of the Quartermaster's Department, U. S. Army."
28
Third street, below Green street, and it was there, on January 19th,
that the two commands resolved to unite as the "Washington Brigade,
and elected Col. Small commander. The "First Regiment" was coni-
posed chiefly of recruits of American birth. The "Second Regiment
(Angeroth's) was strongly German in composition.
On January 28th, 1861, Gen. Small had offered to President Bu-
chanan the services of eight hundred men for garrison duty, in order
to relieve an equal number of regular troops for more urgent work
in the South. On February 4th the "Washington Guards" organization
was offered to Governor Curtin for any emergency service required.
This tender was acknowledged, by order of the Governor, on March 2d,
1861.*
When the attack on Fort Sumter stirred the North to action, Gen.
Small renewed his offer of assistance, and on April iSth received a_ dis-
patch from the Hon. Simon Cameron, Secretary of War, promising
"acceptance if in Washington this week." This was followed by a dis-
patch from the War Department stating that arms and equipments
would be furnished at Washington. On April i6th, Major George P.
M'Lean, of the First Regiment, Washington Brigade, telegraphed from
Washington, "The Governor (Curtin) expects your command here at
once." Urgent messages were also received from Hon. Eli Slifer, Sec-
retary of the Commonwealth, dated from Harrisburg the same day.
Under date of April 17th, Mr. Dickinson, Aide-de-Camp to Gov-
ernor Curtin, forwarded to him a list of officers for the brigade, which
had been prepared by General Small, for whom commissions were de-
sired. Without waiting for these commissions, Gen. Small arranged
with President Samuel M. Felton, of the Philadelphia, Wilmington and
Baltimore Railroad Company, to entrain the brigade at Philadelphia,
at midnight on the i8th, and to pass through Baltimore at daybreak.
On the evening of April i8th. Gen. Small assembled his men at Jones'
Hotel, on Chestnut street, above Sixth street. At the appointed time
seven companies of the ist Regiment and five companies of the 2d
Regiment marched to Broad and Prime Streets Depot, from which
they departed at 3 A. M. April 19th. A second train, carrying the 6th
Massachussets Regiment, which had barracked the previous evening at
the Girard House, closely followed: Before reaching Baltimore the
train of the 6th Massachusetts troops, who were uniformed and armed,
was given precedence. The Washington Brigade reached the Balti-
more Station at noon upon the 19th, only to be surrounded by a dense
mob, frenzied by th^ street battle incident to the march through the
city of the Massachussetts soldiers earlier in the day. The attack of
the infuriated secessionists upon Gen. Small's unarmed men, who were
♦Andrew Gregg Curtin, War Governor of Pennsylvania, was born at Bellefonte.
Pa., April 28th, 1817. He became Minister to Russia in the Grant Administra-
tion in 1869.
29
without protecting escort, resulted in injury to many, the dispersal of
others into the country, and the return of the balance, after long delay,
by train, to Philadelphia. One of the recruits, George Leisenring, was
repeatedly stabbed, as he sat in a car, and died four days later at the
Pennsylvania Hospital, the first volunteer of Philadelphia who perished
in this war for his country.*
Those of the Philadelphians who did not succeed in regaining the
comparative safety of the cars were either temporarily concealed by
friendly residents or made, in squads, for the open country. Some of
these hapless fugitives experienced considerable hardship and indignity,
but all eventually reached friendly territory east of the Susquehanna.
Smarting beneath a certain amount of underserved ridicule the majority
of the men sought enlistment in other regiments then forming.
Gen. Small was criticised severely in many quarters for his rash
attempt to take his men through Baltimore without the means of de-
fending themselves, but the records show that had the railroad company
fulfilled its understanding regarding the hour of arrival there, he would
probably have led his men into Washington and have been acclaimed
a hero. The result of this mischance was the disbandment of the Wash-
ington Brigade. Gen. Small persisted^ however, in his patriotic efforts,
and, making his headquarters at the Montgomery Hotel, at Sixth and
Willow streets, finally had the satisfaction of being mustered into the
National service as Colonel of the 26th Penna. Infantry on May 2Sth,
1861. The mustering date was, however, moved back to May 5th,
and this command became the first of the three years' regiments of
the State of Pennsylvania. The Second Regiment of the Washington
Brigade became the 27th Regiment Penna. Light Artillery under Col. Max
Einstein, and was mustered for three years' service upon May 31st, 1861.
The Washington Brigade appears in the official list of volunteer organi-
zations in the National service, in 1861, as published by the War De-
partment in 1885, and the 26th Regiment was permitted to inscribe upon
its battle-flag the legend, "Baltimore, April 19th, 1861."
Nearly a year after the Baltimore incident the General Assembly
of Maryland voted the sum of $7,000.00 to be distributed to the families
of the three men killed and of the seventeen men wounded upon that
date in the Sixth Massachusetts Regiment, but no indemnity or apology
was ever offered by Maryland for the indignity placed by Baltimore
upon the men of the Washington Brigade, or the murder of one of its
members.
♦Records of the Pennsylvania Hospital show that George Leisenring, aged 26
years, single man, born in Germany, was brought to the hospital April 19th, 1861,
suffering from penetrating wound of thorax, and died on the 22d. This volunteer
was a private in Company C, Captain Henry Ungerer, 2d Regiment Washington
Brigade. No information regarding location of the grave in which he rests has
been found after search among the city records.
THE CLOSED GATE AT BALTIMORE
APRIL i8th, 1861, the Secretary of War, Hon. Simon Cameron,
telegraphed to Governor Thomas H. Hicks, of Maryland, no-
tifying him that the Government had reason to believe that
Northern troops passing through Baltimore would be inter-
fered with. Upon the same date Bvt.-Lieut.-General Winfield Scott
informed Major Clark, Quartermaster, U. S. A., stationed at Baltimore,
that two or three Massachusetts and one New York regiment would
pass through that city "within two or three days." Meanwhile, the Bal-
timore and Ohio Railroad Company had refused to transport troops
being forwarded by Ohio. Transportation was also refused to the 7th
Regiment, of New York, and other volunteer organizations.
Like Philadelphia, Baltimore had assumed, in the winter of 1860-61,
the role of mediator between the discordant sections North and South.
In the preceding October a reform Mayor and City Council had been
elected by a large majority. It was the "departing dynasty," according
to J. Thomas Scharf, the historian of Baltimore, that led to the trouble
that followed. Late in October, at the ceremonies incident to the open-
ing of Druid Hill Park, several thousand children sang the "Star Spangled
Banner," accompanied by the band of the "Blues."* This sentiment of
love for the national song in the city where the words were first given
to the nation was rudely shaken, however, by the election of Abraham
Lincoln, of whose character and intentions the newspapers of the city
reported nothing but evil.
The first of the rioting in Baltimore, in April, 1861, was that of
a crowd angered by the display of a Confederate flag upon a vessel
in the harbor. Four days later a mob captured a Confederate flag and
a cannon on Federal Hill. The flag was destroyed and the cannon
thrown into the harbor. But upon the same day another mob followed
five companies of Pennsylvania Militia (the "First Defenders") across
the city with jeers and insults.
Baltimore, as far as the excitable elements were concerned, was
in a chaotic frame of mind. The city was persuaded, through its news-
papers, that the State was "bemg invaded." The logical consequence
was the mobbing of the 6th Massachussets Regiment upon April 19th,
and the repulse of Gen. Small's helpless and ununiformed Philadelphians.
Whatever of loyalty to the Union then remained in Baltimore was
dormant. It was only after the occupation of the city by Federal regi-
ments (which included Col. Morehead's Philadelphia Light Guard and
♦Among the citizens of Baltimore afterward arrested by the Union troops gar-
risoned in the city and placed, as a prisoner of war, in Fort McHenry, was Francis
Key Howard, Esq., the grandson of the author of the "Star Spangled Banner."
Mr. Howard was also detained nearly a year at Fort Lafayette and Fort Warren.
30
31
Col. Lyle's National Guards) and the arrest or flight of the secession
leaders that the loyal people dared to come forth. *A committee of
these citizens then published an address, in their effort to set the city
right in the eyes of the North, which was distributed to all passing
regiments. It was as follows:
"Soldiers, we welcome you to this city as men who are willing to defend
the best Government on earth in the hour of its greatest need. We do not
view you as barbarians whose only idea is hatred of the southern people, whose
only intentions are to commit shameful crimes in violation of all law, as is
charged upon you by the leaders of the Rebellion. We believe you to be actuated
by a. noble and honest patriotism, desiring only to preserve unimpaired the
National Union. With this understanding, we wish you success and ask God's
blessing upon your bodies and souls during your perilous marches. May we
again behold this nation united and prosperous under one government and one
flag." — The Loyal Citizens of Baltimore.
ORGANIZATION AND WORK OF THE "MILITARY DEPART-
MENT OF PENNSYLVANIA
MAJOR-GEN. Robert Patterson was appointed on April 19th,
1861, to the command of the "Military Department of Wash-
ington," which included not only the District of Columbia,
but also Maryland and Pennsylvania. A few days later this
Department was limited to Pennsylvania, Delaware and a part of Mary-
land, and officially designated "The Department of Pennsylvania."
Major-Gen. Patterson, in his capacity of department commander,
telegraphed under date of April 19th to Lieut.-Gen. Scott for authority
to requisition arms and clothing from the Government Arsenals in Phila-
delphia. In response he was ordered to send 5,000 muskets to arm the
regiments near Harrisburg. On April 19th Gen. Patterson telegraphed
to Gen. Scott, saying "The law of necessity over-rides all laws. We must
have arms, ammunition, clothing and equipments. Gen. Cadwalader
is decided, as I am, that our men shall not be made inmates of hospitals
for want of comfortable garments which the Government has at our
doors and which may be talcen by others." Still there was no equipment
forthcoming.
President J. Edgar Thomson, of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company,
wrote to Secretary of War, Simon Cameron, on April 23d, that "the people
of Philadelphia are mortified that the Bostonians have got nearly a week
ahead of them, and that few troops are ready." Four days later Simon
Cameron wired Mr. Thomson as follows : " I am really gratified to hear
from you that our military friends in Philadelphia have opened their
eyes to the existing state of affairs in the country. * * * * All of my
orders and wishes of the past week have been neglected."
32
Lieut.-Gen. Scott telegraphed to Gen. Patterson to send no troops
deficient in equipment. Still the doors of the Arsenals remained locked.
Gen. Patterson busied himself in establishing camps of instruction for
his unarmed regiments at York, Chambersburg, Lancaster, Harrisburg
and Philadelphia. In reporting these arrangements he added, "The im-
poverished condition of the Quartermaster's Department here in regard
to tents, canteens and other camp and garrison equipment will prevent
the execution at an early day of any plan of operations."
The Secretary of War sent an order to Gen. Patterson on May Sth
as follows : "Send immediately six regiments of Pennsylvania volunteers
to this city (Washington) via York, Pa."
Of the sixteen regiments being fitted for service in this State at
that time but one had tents, and much of the ammunition did not calibre
with the guns.
About this time Baltimore, having been roundly anathematized by
the entire North, sent out word that the northern soldiers might go
through their streets, but they would like to have some regular troops
pass through first. In partial concession to this request, when the fine
"ist Artillery" Regiment, armed as infantry, under the command of
Col. Francis I. Patterson, left for the South on the morning of May 9th,
the command was accompanied by a battalion of regular infantry (three
companies) and a battery of regular artillery. Thus, three weeks after
the passage through of the 6th Massachusetts Regiment, Philadelphia had
a regiment in the field.
Every effort was now being made to outfit the i8th, 19th, 22d and
23d Regiments. When the muskets, so long awaited, were finally de-
livered to these commands, their respective Colonels, W. D. Lewis, Jr.,
Peter Lyle, Turner G. Morehead and Charles P. Dare, made a protest,
stating that a large proportion of the guns were worthless, having
broken locks, rusted barrels and misfit bayonets. Major Porter, A. A. G.,
wrote that "the guns are horrible, and if a collision should arise the re-
sponsibility is fearful. The officers will not take it."
With regard to the issue of these defective fire-arms to our patient
and patriotic regiments of the three-months' service, the Department
Commander, exasperated from his experiences and depressed by his heavy
task, wrote on May 9th to his Assistant Adjutant General : "It appears
that the regiments here are now entirely neglected by the State authorities,
who are sending everything to the regiments in the interior."
Gen. Benjamin F. Butler, with the 6th Massachusetts and Sth New
York Regiments and Cook's Battery, occupied Federal Hill, Baltimore,
on the night of May 12th. Two days later the i8th, 19th and 22d Regi-
ments left Philadelphia, in command of Gen. Cadwalader, for that city.
STATION OF THE PENNSYLVANIA R. R., ELEVENTH AND MARKET STREETS.
GIRARD HOUSE, i86t. Used as a barracks and factory for military clothing.
H
O
M
H
O
z
<
o
O
Z
I— I
HI
w
a
<
M
M
w
K
H
O
O
H
in
THE THREE MONTHS' VOLUNTEERS, I86I
T
(HE traditions of the Pennsylvania militia
are interwoven with those of the American
Revolution and of subsequent wars in
which the nation has been engaged. The
various subordinate commands in the State have
always been the nuclei of companies and regiments
which have instantly responded to the call of the
Commonwealth and the nation, and it was logical
that the "three months' regiments" of the State,
recruited under the first call of President Lincoln,
should have been largely composed of these Key-
stone guardsmen. It will ever stand to the glory
of Pennsylvania that five companies of her militia
were the "First Defenders" of the City of Wash-
ington and the guardians of the Capitol building
and archives in April, 1861.
That these "minute men" were all from interior
cities does not detract from the spirit of military
ardor and activity then pervading Philadelphia. All
of the then existent State militia commands in this
city were included in the volunteer regiments from
Philadelphia, which served under the three months'
call in 1 86 1, and these organizations included many
of the best, most patriotic soldiers which this State provided. A large
proportion of the officers of the "three years' " regiments, formed later,
had a part in the "three months' " campaign, and the majority of the
rank and file, upon discharge, promptly re-enlisted for the long service
that the war exacted from the "three years' " soldiers. The Pennsyl-
vania militia organization was the school of the Pennsylvania volunteers.
In the confusion of the time, due to the necessity of protecting
the rail route leading directly from Harrisburg to Washington, the pro-
cess of mustering and forwarding to exposed points in Maryland the
hastily-formed regiments at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, had the earliest
attention of the Government mustering officers. Thus it happened that
the first of the waiting regiments at Philadelphia to become soldiers
of the nation was numbered the 17th, although it was actually inducted
into the volunteer army before some of the Camp Curtin regiments to
whom lower numerical designations were given.
Pennsylvania regiments raised under later call by the Govern-
ment were sent forward singly and brigaded from Washington. The
three months' troops of the Keystone State formed a complete army of
twenty-five regiments of infantry and a small force of cavalry, officered
3 33
34
by the Governor of the State. This force numbered 20,979 officers and
men. j- 1. iu
The services performed by the Philadelphia volunteers of the three
months' campaign were most important, as they had an active part m
guarding the routes leading southward and in keepmg Maryland withm
loyal territory pending the formation of an army of the North under
the call for "three years or the war." They also enabled the veteran
Major-General Robert Patterson to enter Northern Virgmia and thus
prevent a strong Confederate advance upon Washington at that time.
The task of the regiments along the upper Potomac river, under Gen.
Patterson, in the early summer of 1861, was not battle, but a show of
force.* Fifteen months prior to the event of Fort Sumter, ex-President
Franklin Pierce had written to Jefferson Davis : "I have never believed
that the actual disruption of the Union can come without blood, and if
through the madness of Northern abolitionism, that dire calamity must
come, the fighting will not be along Mason and Dixon's line merely. It
will be within our own borders, in our own streets." t Although one
great battle and eight minor engagements were fought upon the soil
of Pennsylvania, and thirty battles and skirmishes occurred in Mary-
land, the "three months' " campaign, under the direction of Major-Gen-
eral Robert Patterson, determined that the chief theatre of the drama
of war should be in the heart of old Virginia.
Jefferson Davis, in an address made at Stevenson, Alabama, in Feb-
ruary, 1861, said : "Your border States will gladly come into the Southern
Confederacy within sixty days, as we will be their only friends. *****
The grass will grow in the Northern cities where the pavements have
been worn off by the tread of commerce. We will carry war where it
is easy to advance — where food for the sword and torch . awaits our
armies in the densely populated cities, and though they may come and
spoil our crops, we can raise them as before, while they cannot rear
the cities which took years of industry and millions of money to build."J
The best answer to this deliverance ever made was the salvation
of Maryland by the soldiers of Pennsylvania under Patterson, with the
approval and aid of the loyal citizens of that "border State."
Truly, the months of weary and nearly bloodless marches and
countermarches of the Pennsylvania brigades through Maryland and
Northern Virginia in 1861 were not in vain.
* Major-Gen. Patterson, then a prominent manufacturer of Philadelphia, was
born in the county of Tyrone, Ireland, in the year 1792. He came to America
while yet a boy. He served as a volunteer in the War of 1812-14, with the rank of
captain. In the Mexican War he held a commission of major-general. As a result
of his three-months' campaign and due to contradictory orders from Washington he
was unjustly treated by the military authorities in 1861. He was afterward ex-
onerated. His death occurred on August 7th, 1881.
tMcPherson's History of the Rebellion.
JThe American Conflict, Greeley.
PHILADELPHIA COMMANDS OF THE THREE MONTHS'
SERVICE, 1861*
THE eight regiments, one cavalry troop, one
artillery company and one independent company
furnished by Philadelphia under the first call
by the President, dated April 15th, 1861, to serve
three months, were as follows :
Seventeenth Regiment Infantry.
Colonel Francis E. Patterson.
The First Regiment of Artillery was mustered upon
April 25th, 1861. This organization included the Wash-
ington Grays, Philadelphia Grays, Cadwalader Grays,
National Artillery, West Philadelphia Grays, Independent
Grays, and State Guards. Col. Patterson had been,
twenty years previously, a member of the Washington
Blues of Philadelphia, organized by his father. Gen.
Robert Patterson. After a brief business career in New
Orleans he had joined the Texas Rangers, became a Lieu-
tenant in Magruder's Regular Battery, of the First Ar-
tillery, U. S. A. Later he had held the rank of captain
in the 9th Regiment Infantry (regulars), on duty in
Oregon, finally accepting his present command, which,
leaving Philadelphia via Baltimore, upon May loth, 1861, was the first
Philadelphia regiment to reach Washington. Upon May 15th the regi-
ment was designated, by Governor Curtin, "The 17th Regiment, Penna.
Volunteer Infantry." This regiment was, at first, quartered in the Capitol
building, but later performed guard duty along the upper Potomac river,
as a part of Gen. Patterson's column operating in that section. Com-
panies B and C of the regiment were engaged in a skirmish at Edward's
Ferry, Va., upon June 17th. Mustered out upon August 2d, 1861.
Eighteenth Regiment Infantry.
Colonel William D. Lewis, Jr.
The old First Regiment Infantry Militia was mustered upon April
24th, 1 86 1. This regiment included the State Fencibles, Washington
♦General and Brigade Commanders of Patterson's Army, three months'
troops, 1861, were Major-Gen. Robert Patterson, Major-Gen. W. H. Keim,
Brig.-Gen. George Cadwalader, Brig.-Gen. James S. Negley, Brig.-Gen. E. C.
Williams, Brig.-Gen. George C. Wynkoop.
35
36
Blues, Minute Men of '76, National Grays, Garde Lafayette and Zouaves.
The officers whose State commissions dated from 1858 were contmued
in their respective ranks. Upon May 14th this command proceeded to
Fort McHenry and upon May 22d entered Baltimore, then under mili-
tary control of Major-General Benjamin F. Butler, and was here engaged
in provost duty. Two companies were dispatched to the National Ar-
senal at Pikesville, from which they removed the Government property
to Fort McHenry. The regiment continued in service ten days beyond
the period of enlistment, and was mustered out at Philadelphia upon
August 7th, 1861.
Nineteenth Regiment Infantry.
Colonel Peter Lyle.
The Second Regiment Infantry Militia, nine companies, mustered
April 27th, 1861. Part of this regiment was already on duty at Perry-
ville, guarding the railroad and the Susquehanna river bridge. The
regiment, which had been increased from a militia battalion in i860, was
ordered to Fort McHenry and Baltimore upon May loth, where it
remained during and for some days beyond the term of service, engaged
in the maintenance of loyalty and good order. Mustered out at Phila-
delphia August 29th, 1861.
Twentieth Regiment Infantry.
Colonel William A. Gray.
The Scott Legion (an independent organization) was mustered
April 30th, 1 86 1. This regiment was barracked in the building adjoining
the Custom House upon the west. The men were clad in the uniforms
of the pattern worn by many members in the War with Mexico. Later,
after a considerable stay at Suffolk Park, the regiment was sent to Major-
Gen. Robert Patterson's command, with which it remained until mustered
out July 20th, 1861.
Twenty-first Regiment Infantry.
Colonel John F. Ballier.
"The German Rifle Regiment" mustered April 29th, 1861. Included
were the Lafayette, Sarsfield, Washington, Philadelphia and Jackson Rifle
Companies. From the 20th to the 29th of May the regiment was en-
gaged in drill and target practice at Suffolk Park. It then joined Major-
General Robert Patterson's command operating upon the upper Potomac
river, and was mustered out August 8th, 1861. A majority of the enUsted
men and officers subsequently became identified with the several distinc-
tively German regiments raised for the three-year service in Philadelphia
and New York City.
37
Twenty-second Regiment Infantry.
Colonel Turner G. Morehead.
This regiment was formed from the First Infantry Militia, Phila-
delphia Light Guard, and was mustered April 24th, 1861. Upon the
day of the surrender of Fort Sumter, April 14th, this command had
been accepted by Governor Curtin, and, with headquarters at the State
Arsenal, had filled its ten companies at the date of muster. Logan
Square was used as a drill ground. In company with the i8th and 19th
Regiments the command departed May 14th, by rail, for Fort McHenry
and Baltimore, where it remained to date of muster out, August 7th,
1861.
Twenty-third Regiment Infantry.
Colonel Charles P. Dare.
This command was originally the Artillery Battalion, Third Brigade,
First Division, Pennsylvania Militia. It was mustered as infantry upon
April 2ist, 1861, and immediately sent to Perryville, Havre de Grace
and other points near the lower Susquehanna river. It had been pre-
ceded to this section by Col. Dare, temporarily assigned to command of
the 4th Regiment, from Montgomery County, who also took with him
Company A, of the 23d (Continental Guards). This was, therefore, the
first fully equipped Philadelphia company to leave for the scene of the
war.* At Perryville, Col. Dare was placed in command of the post,
which included regulars, volunteers, and a fleet of gunboats and trans-
ports. Relieved, upon May nth, by the nth Pennsylvania Regiment,
the 23d Regiment proceeded to Chambersburg, Pa., and there joined
the force of General Patterson, being engaged in the several movements
of that campaign. The "23d" formed part of a force of Union troops
composed of regulars and volunteers which met the Confederates at
the action of Falling Waters, West Virginia, upon July 2d, 1861, and
shares with the First Troop, Philadelphia City Cavalry, also present,
the honor of participating in the first, battle of the Civil War which was
fought south of the Potomac river, in which Pennsylvania troops were
engaged.t The regiment was mustered out upon July 31st, 1861. The
"23d" was the first properly enlisted regiment of Philadelphia troops in
the field. When the regiment re-enlisted in the "three years' " service it
was allowed to retain its original number in the Pennsylvania line. Under
the synonym, "Birney's Zouaves," the reorganized regiment was uniformed
as zouaves, but when this showy costume was worn out it adopted the
regulation blue of the infantry.
♦Bates' History, Vol. I, page 40.
tDyer's Compendium, page 1578.
38
Twenty-fourth Regiment Infantry.
Colonel Joshua T. Owen.
The "24th" was recruited from the old 2d Regiment of the Second
Brigade. It was composed largely of men of Irish birth or descent.
Being well advanced in its formation, it was accepted and mustered upon
May 1st, 1861.
The command included the Irish Volunteers, Hibernia Greens, Em-
mett Guard, Meagher Guard, Jackson Guard, Shields Guard, Patterson
Light Guards and United Guards. Company H was raised m Wil-
mington, Delaware.
Early in June this command arrived at Chambersburg, Pa., and par-
ticipated in the several movements of Major-General Robert Patterson's
troops, ending at Harper's Ferry. At the urgent request of the General
in command the 24th Regiment remained on duty two weeks beyond its
term of service, being mustered out August iSth, at Philadelphia.
The Commonwealth Artillery Company.
Captain James E. Montgomery.
This company was raised in Philadelphia and mustered upon April
24th, 1861, to serve three months. The command was promptly sent
to reinforce the small garrison of regulars at Fort Delaware. At the end
of its tour of duty the battery was mustered out upon August Sth, 1861.*
The First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry.
Captain Thomas C. James.
Thirty officers and men of this Troop having been mustered
into the United States service upon May 13th, 1861, at Point Breeze,
Philadelphia, four weeks after its tender to the Governor of l,the State,
reported at Carlisle, Pa. Upon May 30th, the Troop was attached to
the Second Regular Cavalry, Col. George H. Thomas. The Troop had
been provided at Philadelphia with regulation cavalry uniforms. Moving
thence to Shippensburg and Chambersburg, the cavalry encamped at
the latter point. On June 7th the command, with other troops, arrived
at Greencastle, Pa., and then advanced to Williamsport, Maryland,
upon the upper Potomac river. The division, under Gen. Cadwalader,
here crossed the river into West Virginia. At Falling Waters, upon
July 2d, the Troop was engaged with the enemy, thus winning the dis-
tinction of being the first body of Pennsylvania cavalry under fire during
the Civil War. The Union column re-crossed the Potomac upon July
2d. Skirmishing upon the way to Martinsburg, Charlestown was reached
upon the 17th. Here the objective point was changed to Harper's
*This command is not included in "Bates'" list, but is recorded by "Dyer"
(pages 216 and 217).
39
Ferry, where the column arrived upon July 21st. While in the field the
Troop was reinforced by forty-one recruits. The Troop was afterward
stationed at Sandy Hook, Maryland, from which camp it returned to
Philadelphia, and was mustered out upon August 17th.
Residence of Major-Gen. Robert Patterson, Southwest corner Thirteenth and Locust Streets
McMullin's Rangers.
This company was organized chiefly from the membership of the
Moyamensing Hose Company, on May 20th, 1861, and served with Gen.
Patterson's force in the three months' campaign. The McMuUin Rangers
are credited, together with the 23d Regiment, with participation in the
action at Bunker Hill, W. Va., July 15th, 1861. (Dyer, page 970.)
The number of officers and men from Philadelphia in the three
months' service of 1861 was about 5,700.
THE PHILADELPHIA HOME GUARD
BY authority of an Act of Assembly adopted upon May i6th, 1861,
the Mayor and Councils of Philadelphia decided to form a Home
Guard Brigade, not to exceed ten thousand men, to be composed
of five regiments of the line, one regiment of light infantry,
one regiment of riflemen, one regiment of cavalry and two regiments
of artillery. These troops were intended to be distinct from the State
Militia and to be subject to the orders of the city authorities. Member-
ship in this organization did not exempt citizens from liability of draft.
Philadelphia was empowered to collect a special tax to uniform and
equip the Home Guard.
Brig.-Gen. A. J. Pleasonton was appointed in command. In No-
vember, 1861, the use of the market house, at Broad and Race streets,
was given to the Home Guard as an armory. Many independent com-
panies were absorbed into this organization. On February 22d, 1862,
the Home Guard paraded the following troops:
First Regiment Infantry Col. John M. Bickell.
Second Regiment Infantry Col. Charles P. Dare.
Third Regiment Infantry Major William B. Thomas.
First Battalion, First Regiment Rifles Major Harry Pressner.
First Battalion, Second Regiment Rifles Major Charles E. GraeflE.
Company B, First Regiment Artillery Capt. Matthew Hastings.
Company C, First Regiment Artillery Capt. Mark G. Biddle.
Company D, First Regiment Artillery Capt. E. Spencer Miller.
First Troop, City Home Guard Capt. John Bavington.
Washington Light Cavalry Capt. J. W. Hall.
In an official report to the Mayor, Brig.-Gen. Pleasonton stated that
he had in line, upon that occasion, 2,096 men, all well armed and pro-
vided with uniforms, including overcoats. He reported as absent 2,162
men. At a later period the brigade commander claimed that the "Home
Guard" had supplied to the army 3,000 infantry and a battery of ar-
tillery. A number of officers who afterward became distinguished in
the volunteers graduated from this force, and it is probable that the
most valuable results gained from this local attempt to maintain a mu-
nicipal military body is to be found in the foregoing fact. During the
Confederate invasion of the State, in September, 1862, nineteen com-
panies of the Home Guard were sent to the Cumberland Valley and else-
where.
40
ARMORY OF THE NATIONAL GUARDS REGIMENT,
Race Street below Sixth Street.
I CITY ARSENAL, Race Street below Broad Street
X. LADNER'S MILITARY HALL. Third Street below Green Street.
IVIAY AND JUNE, 1861. A SURPLUS OF ENLISTMENTS
IN the latter days of May a rush of enlistments, beyond all require-
ments, possessed the youth of the city.* New companies were con-
stantly projected, each having its distinctive name and enthusiastic
enrollment. The streets, public squares and suburban tracts were
alive with drilling squads of recruits. The Philadelphia newspapers
clamored at the injustice of the Government in allowing the State of
New York to send fifty-two regiments into the field while accepting
from Pennsylvania but twenty-six regiments. Hundreds of men, im-
patient of the uncertainty of local enlistment, went individually to New
York City and there entered the National service. The agents of other
States opened recruiting offices in Philadelphia. The regular army,
marine corps and navy absorbed much of the best material.f
Many of the tentative companies, advertised in hand-bills and
through the daily papers, were afterward merged, and others of the
surplus finally became identified with the "Home Guards," the first
company of which, the "City Grays," was enrolled at the Philadelphia
Bank Building on May 25th, 1861.
The names of many colonels and lesser officers much in evidence
in the newspapers of that period were conspicuously absent from the
roster of the field and staff of the regimental organizations. The fighting
colonels who were to lead many a regiment through historic campaigns
were often, in the beginning, modest officers of the line or men in the
ranks.
When a company had found its place and letter in a regiment, its
recruiting title was generally forgotten, but every old soldier, who first
handled musket or sabre in one of those ambitious formative organiza-
tions, has always held a sentimental interest in the original names by
which they were known.
SEPARATE COMPANIES FORMING IN PHILADELPHIA IN 1861.
Spring Garden Minie Rifles, joined 71st Regiment.
Franklin Guards, joined 71st Regiment.
Pennsylvania Guards, joined 71st Regiment.
Marion Guards, joined 29th Regiment.
2d Company West Philadelphia Grays, joined 2gth Regiment.
♦Probably the most notable instance of enlistments from a single Philadelphia
family was that of the seven Neilson brothers, six of whom served in the army and
one in the navy. Of this group two are now living, one of the survivors being
Gavin Neilson, Assistant Clerk of Common Council, who lost an arm at Spot-
sylvania.
tThe first of the military funerals of which Philadelphia was destined to
see so many was that of Lieut. John Trout Greble, U. S. A., a young officer of
artillery, killed on June loth, 1861, at Big Bethel, Va. The military burial, on
June 14th, impressed the public greatly with the sad realities of war.
41
42
United Rifles, joined 29th Regiment.
Belmont Guards, joined 29th Regiment.
Koska Guards, joined 29th Regiment.
Wayne Artillery Corps, joined 29th Regiment.
Federal Guards, joined 29th Regiment.
Henry Clay Fencibles, joined 29th Regiment.
Morgan Artillery, joined 29th Regiment.
Dougherty Guards, joined 2gth Regiment.
Lincoln Cavalry (3 companies), joined ist New York Cavalry.
State Fencibles, 3d Company, joined 82d Regiment.
Read Guards, joined 4th Pennsylvania Reserves.
Able Guards, joined 4th Pennsylvania Reserves.
Dickson Guards, joined 4th Pennsylvania Reserves.
Quaker City Guards, joined 4th Pennsylvania Reserves.
Harmer Guards, joined 4th Pennsylvania Reserves.
Wayne Guards, joined 12th Pennsylvania Reserves.
Duncan Guards, joined 8th Pennsylvania Reserves.
City Guards (Schuylkill Arsenal Employees).
, Wetherill Blues, joined 82d Regiment.
Penn Rifles, joined 2d Reserves.
Governor's Rangers, joined 2d Reserves.
Hibernia Target Company, joined 2d Reserves.
Governor's Rangers, 2d Company, joined 2d Reserves.
Governor's Rangers, 3d Company, joined 2d Reserves.
Taggart Guards, joined 2d Reserves.
Independent Rangers, joined 2d Reserves.
Constitution Guards, joined 2d Reserves.
Consolidation Guards, joined 2d Reserves.
Scotch Rifles, joined, 2d Reserves.
Germantown Guards, joined 3d Reserves.
Ontario Infantry, joined 3d Reserves.
De Silver Grays, joined 3d Reserves.
Philadelphia Guards, joined 7th Reserves.
Ridgeway Guards, joined 7th Reserves.
Douglas Guards, joined 7th Reserves.
Philadelphia Merchant Troop joined 3d Cavalry.
Curtin Hussars became 12th Cavalry Regiment.
Washington Troop joined 14th Cavalry.
Garde Lafayette joined 82d Regiment.
Gymnast Zouaves joined 23d Regiment.
Other companies then being recruited in different sections of the City were
the Washington Rifle Reserve Guard, Minute Guards (from Jefferson Grammar
School), Atalanta Guards, Henry Guards (city police), Kirkwood Rangers,
Wissahickon Rifles, Brownell Zouaves, Light Infantry Corps (U. of P.), Com-
monwealth Light Infantry, Quaker City Artillery (ist and 2d companies),
National Guard Cadets, Pennsylvania Cadets, Garde Lafayette Cadets, Boys'
Own Infantry, United States Zouaves, Washington Zouaves, Philadelphia Cadets,
Hamilton Rifles, Jayne Rifles, Bustleton Home Guard, Ellsworth Zouave Cadets,
Penn Treaty Home Guard, Girard Home Guard, Ironside Guards, Union Artillery
Guard, Municipal Guard, Buena Vista Rangers, Maennerchor Rifles, Blucher's
Home Guards, Freeman's Rifle Corps, Gas Works Company.*
*As an example to the employees of the City Gas Works, the Board of Trustees
took the Oath of Loyalty to the United States Government. It was subsequently
administered to all of the workmen, who were represented, in August, 1862, by
one hundred and eighteen men in the army, in addition to which two companies
were afterward formed which joined Roberts' Artillery.
THE MILITARY DISTRICT OF PHILADELPHIA
The Military District of Philadelphia was commanded in the course
of the war by the following officers :
Brig.-Gen. William R. Montgomery.
Brig.-Gen. O. S. Terry.
Major-Gen. N. J. T. Dana.
Lieut.-Col. William D. Whipple, U. S. A., and
Major-Gen. George Cadwalader.
The latter officer succeeded Major-Gen. Darius N. Couch in June,
1865, as commander of the Department of Pennsylvania and established
his headquarters at Philadelphia. Later he was succeeded by Major-Gen.
A. A. Humphreys. The provost headquarters in the city was stationed,
under Capt. John Orr Finnic, at the old Pennsylvania Bank building
on Second street near Dock. The site is now covered by the U. S. bonded
warehouse.
The United States provost marshals for the several districts com-
prising the City of Philadelphia were :
1st District, Captain William E. Lehman.
2d District, Captain Edwin Palmer.
3d District, Captain Jacob S. Stretch.
4th District, Captain D. M. Lane.
5th District, Captain Mahlon Yardley.
In January, 1864, the provost guard at Philadelphia consisted of
about two hundred and fifty men, detached from numerous regiments
and under command of Lieut.-Col. H. A. Frink, with headquarters at
Fifth and Buttonwood streets.
A provost company of eighty men, under Capt. Finnic, was stationed
at this time at Fort Mifflin.
The District of Philadelphia was an important command. The
provost marshal held supervision of the thousands of convalescent
soldiers then in the local military hospitals, returning them to their
respective regiments when again fit for further service. He provided
hospital supplies and issued vouchers for the payment of soldiers in
hospitals or on special duty. Good order among the multitude of soldiers
always thronging the streets required his constant attention. His force
was increased in the spring of 1864 to a full regiment, the i86th
Infantry. The Military District of Philadelphia was discontinued in
August, 1865.
43
WAR SERVICE OF THE RAILROADS
IN 1861, Philadelphia's rail connection with the South consisted
of the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore, the Pennsylvania,
the Northern Central and the Cumberland Valley Railroads.* The
importance of the first and second, from a military standpoint, was
recognized long before the outbreak of the war. The third and fourth
became, in the course of the struggle, "bones of contention" between
the Union and the Confederate forces upon many occasions. Although
the burden of responsibility was heavy and constant, the officers of these
corporations worked nobly to assist the National Government throughout
the war. This patriotic attitude of the railroad officials had already
been shown in the safe conduct of President-elect Lincoln to Washington
upon the night of February 22d, 1861.
Realizing that the resentment of the disloyal element south of the
Susquehanna River, because of this feat, would probably result in damage
to the company's property. President Samuel M. Felton, of the Phila-
delphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad, organized a select force
of about two hundred men to guard the bridges, and act, if necessary,
as a military body. A train was kept in readiness to concentrate them
at any time, and in order to allay suspicion, they were put at work white-
washing the bridges, some of which were given, it is said, six or seven
coats, a very good protection against fire. Immediately following the
transportation of the 6th Massachusetts Regiment and of the unarmed
Philadelphians under Gen. Small into Baltimore, with the attendant
rioting, the Mayor and Police Commissioners of that city ordered the
destruction of the bridges. The work was entrusted to a force in charge
of Isaac R. Trimble, formerly a superintendent of the railroad company.
As a result, upon April 20th, the Harris Creek bridge at Baltimore,
and the Bush River bridge were burned. The draw of the long Gun-
powder River bridge was burned six days later. All telegraph wires
leading from Baltimore were cut. It required twenty-four days of
hard work to repair the damage, and in the meantime troops and supplies
were carried from Perryville and Havre de Grace upon the large trans-
port steamer Maryland, the Philadelphia ice boat and other vessels, to
*The ' Pennsylvania Central Railroad occupied the building upon the south side
of Market street east of Eleventh street in 1852, when the Philadelphia, Wilming-
ton and Baltimore Railroad Company vacated it upon completion of its new
terminal building at Broad and Prime streets. It was here that the "Pennsylvania"
was organized and it was, for a dozen years or more, its main point of arrival and
departure, the cars being hauled to and from West Philadelphia by mules. The
hotel on the site of the present New Bingham House was built in 1812 by Gen.
Thomas Leiper, and was then quite out of town. In the Civil War period it was
still called the "New Mansion House." It was conducted at that time by James
I<ondoni and was practically an annex to the railroad "depot."
44
45
Annapolis, Md. With the occupation of Baltimore by an effective
Federal force under Gen. B. F. Butler, and the arrest of the pro-southern
leaders, the latent Union sentiment of the city again manifested itself.
The only further damage to the P., W. and B. line was done in July,
1864, by a raiding party from Gen. Jubal Early's force, known as
Gilmour's guerillas, which partially burned the Gunpowder River bridge
and a few cars. The P., W. and B. was destined to become, in the
following years, the greatest military highway in history.
Mr. Thomas A. Scott was granted leave of absence from the
Pennsylvania Railroad in 1861, in order to serve the Government as
Assistant Secretary of War. He was, at this time, thirty-seven years
old, and endowed with great energy as well as experience. It was his
task to facilitate the movement of troops by rail and to establish
telegraphic service in the field. At his instance the first military telegraph
station in America was opened in the office of Governor Curtin at Harris-
burg, April 17th, 1861, by William Bender Wilson, who later became
manager of military telegraphs at Washington.
Mr. Scott was given a commission, by President Lincoln, as Colonel
of the District of Columbia Volunteers. Among the young men he
summoned to Washington to aid him was Frank Thomson, who was
not yet twenty years old; but who was well versed in the line of work
assigned to him. Under the orders of Col. Scott he organized the
Military Telegraphic Corps, the first auxiliary of its kind in the world,
from among the dispatchers of the Pennsylvania Railroad. It was
the duty of this corps to maintain the important lines used by the armies
in the field in servicable condition.*
The Northern Central Railroad, in which the Pennsylvania Railroad
Company soon afterward acquired a controlling interest, was operated
as a separate corporation under President James Donald Cameron.
Joseph N. Du Barry, superintendent of this line, Col. O. N. Lull, of
the Cumberland Valley Railroad, and other officials co-operated with
General Superintendent Enoch Lewis and Division Superintendent
Samuel D. Young, of the Pennsylvania System, in maintaining a
mounted patrol along the southern border of the State as a safeguard
against raids. The members of this patrol made constant use of a line
of telegraph extending from Chambersburg to Bedford, keeping the
railroad officials at Harrisburg and through them the War Department,
fully informed of predatory movements by the enemy. It was due to
the energy of the Northern Central officials that the five companies of
Pennsylvania militia, known in history as the "First Defenders" were
promptly and safely conveyed to Washington when President Lincoln
summoned troops for the defense of the National Capitol.
*In May, 1861, Major Fitz-John Porter, A. A. G., Department of Pennsylvania,
acting under orders, had prepared to burn the bridges of the Baltimore and Ohio
Railway and of the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad, if necessary,
to impede any general advance of the Confederates northward.
46
Until the opening of the Civil War the railroad had never been
a factor in army campaigns. The alternate destruction and rebuilding
of tracks in the disputed territory in the earlier part of the war made
it imperative to employ experts familiar with work of that character.
In April, 1862, the Secretary of War called to Washington Mr. Herman
Haupt, of Philadelphia, an engineering graduate of West Point, who
had previously occupied the position of the Pennsylvania Railroad's first
general superintendent, and was, at the time, engaged upon important
work in Massachusetts. He was appointed Chief of Construction and
Transportation, with the rank of Colonel. In recognition of invaluable
services rendered the Government, Col. Haupt was promoted to the
rank of Brigadier-General in September, 1862. Gen. Haupt and his
subordinates performed heroic service in many times of need and
danger.
Prominent among the railroad men who served in this branch of the
army were W. W. Wright, of the Pennsylvania Railroad staff, v/ho be-
came Gen. Sherman's Chief of Construction upon the campaign through
Georgia and the Carolinas; General Adna Anderson and E. C. Smeed
formerly of the Catawissa Railroad. It was with the co-operation of
such practical engineers that, under the active personal supervision of
Col. Thomas A. Scott, Col. D. C. McCallum, successor to Gen. Haupt,
was able to transport General Hooker's force of twenty-two thousand
men with all of their impedimenta from Catlett's Station, Va., to Georgia
and Tennessee, over a distance of nearly twelve hundred miles in eight
days.
William J. Palmer, private secretary in 1861 to President John
Edgar Thompson of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, resigned to
take command of the famous "Anderson Troop" of cavalry, and in
1862 recruited and took command of the i6oth Regiment, better known
as the 15th Pennsylvania Cavalry, which he continued to lead to the
end of the war.
The list of officers of the line and field in the Federal armies who
thus left the service of the railroads for that of their country was large
and their achievements brilliant. One of the most distinguished instances
was that of President George Brinton McClellan, of the Ohio and Mis-
sissippi Railroad Company, a former captain of the regular army.*
The patriotic attitude of the Philadelphia railroad officials is illus-
trated in a circular issued to all employees by the Philadelphia and Read-
ing Railroad Company, proposing to them to devote one day's pay in
each month to the purchase of Government bonds, the interest to be
re-invested until the close of the war. This was very generally done.
*Capt. McClellan was a native of Philadelphia. He was attached to the Corps
of Engineers, having graduated at West Point in 1846. He had resigned from the
army in 1857. He was a son of Dr. George McClellan of Philadelphia. He
was born at the southwest corner of Seventh Stre-et (then Columbia Avenue)
and Walnut Street, December 3d, 1826.
47
The Railroad Companies voted large sums of money to the relief of
soldiers' families * The Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company
performed valuable service throughout the war by the rapid transpor-
tation of troops and actively providing coal at its tide-water terminals
for naval use. And while considerable rioting among the foreign miners
in the coal regions, in resistance to drafts, required the presence of
troops, that section of the State sent some splendid regiments to the
front-t
Through at least a portion of the war period the official envelopes
of the Pennsylvania Railroad bore the then popular device of cannon
and flags. The subscriptions made at various times by the "Pennsylvania"
for the help of the Sanitary Fair and the military hospitals amounted
to $220,000, and for homes for orphans of deceased soldiers and sailors,
$50,000.
*In later years a large proportion of the men who occupied important and
responsible positions with the railroad companies centering at Philadelphia were
returned veterans of the armies of the Union cause.
tin the summer of 1864 the wide-spread spirit of disloyalty, existing in the
Pennsylvania coal regions, manifested by strikes and riots, induced the Govern-
ment to take military control of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad in order
to secure the necessary supply of coal for naval purposes.
In September, 1863, troops stationed at Pottsville were the loth N. Y. Infantry,
1st N. Y. Artillery and the Invalid Corps.
Railroad Battery built for the P. 'W. Sc B. R. R. Company by Baldwin & Co.
THE THREE YEARS REGIMENTS
I
N the course of an address delivered at Orchard
Knob, Tennessee, upon November 13th, 1897,
Comrade John Tweedale, late of the Fifteenth
Cavalry, Pennsylvania Volunteers, said : "It
does not come to each generation to be privileged to
offer life that a Nation may live. In our time the
opportunity came and we accepted it." In the
highest sense, the "three year" men of the Union
Armies "accepted" their duty. There were among
them recruits lured by large bounties, unwilling
men who had been conscripted, some who had no
higher motive than adventure, but the greater part
were actuated by the purest spirit of patriotism, for
which they willingly gave up education, business op-
portunity, trade and security, to face unknown
dangers, death, disease and Southern prison pens.
These men were paid, from month to month, and
when the paymasters closed their accounts, at the
end of the war, the Government owed them nothing
in agreed-upon dollars and cents. What was this
pay? The average monthly pay of the commis-
sioned officers in an infantry regiment, not including
commutations for rations, servants and forage, was $58.75 per month,
or $1.82 per diem.
The pay of a captain of infantry, including allowances, when com-
puted on a gold basis, which represented in 1864 its true purchasing
power, was less than $60 per month, out of which he subsisted himself,
bought clothing, equipments and paid his servant.
The enlisted men really received a little more than $8 per month.*
It has been estimated that from depreciated money alone the three-year
soldiers lost $250,000,000.
Three years away from the ordinary avocations of life was a handi-
cap for the returned soldier, which many found a losing factor in his
resumption of a civilian life. The "three year" soldiers did not figure
out the cost — they "accepted" an opportunity to fight for the salvation of
country and flag.t
♦Army and Navy Journal, November 19, 1864, page 196.
tSeventy-two per cent, of all enlistments were for the term of three years.
The average strength of the Union armies, volunteers and regulars, during
the war, was 809,777. This figure does not include the militia serving as State
troops. The maximum strength of the land forces (not including militia) did
not reach 1,000,000 men until May ist, 1865, and the highest number reached was
1,000,516. ("The Soldier in the Civil War," Frank Leslie Reprints.)
48
TWENTY=THIRD REGIMENT INFANTRY
(Birney Zouaves)
Colonel David B. Birney to February 17th, 1862.
Colonel Thomas H. Neill to December 13th, 1862.
Colonel John Ely to December 6th, 1863.
Colonel John F. Glenn to September 8th, 1864.
Total Enrollment, 1,589 Officers and Men.*
T^
HIS regiment was organized under the first
call for troops, on April 21st, 1861, under
1^ command of Col. Charles P. Dare, being the
first regiment that left Philadelphia fully
armed and equipped. It was mustered out on July
31st and re-enlisted August 2d under command of
Col. David B. Birney.f
Breaking camp at the Falls of Schuylkill, the
regiment left in September for Washington. Soon
afterward the regiment was recruited to fifteen com-
panies, of which twelve were from Philadelphia and
one each from Pittsburg, Wilkes-Barre and Columbia.
Col. Birney was promoted February 17th, 1862, as
brigadier-general, and Capt. Thomas H. Neill, of the
Sth U. S. Infantry, became colonel of the regiment. At
this time four of the companies were detached to the
61 St Pennsylvania Infantry and a fifth was absorbed
into the remaining ten companies. The "23d" first
met the enemy at Warwick Creek, Williamsburg
and Bottom's Bridge, losing a few men wounded. At
Fair Oaks, Seven Pines and in the final movements
of the Peninsular campaign the regiment saw heavy
fighting with much loss, being engaged at White Oak Swamp, Charles
City Cross Roads and Malvern Hill. The "23d" was next sent to the
Bull Run Campaign, via Alexandria, Va., participating in the battle of
Chantilly. In September it was part of an independent brigade under
Col. Thomas H. Neill, detached to guard the fords of the upper Potomac,
*When Philadelphia companies are specified in headings the total enrollments
apply to them only, in other cases the entire regimental enrollments are given.
tCol. Dare died soon afterl the return of his regiment. Col. Birney was
advanced to the rank of brigadier-general on February 17th, 1862. He died while
in command of the Tenth Army Corps on October i8th, 1864.
Gen. David B. Birney died at the Eagle Hotel on the West Chester turnpike,
near Llanerch, a fact recalled by the newspapers in connection with the recent
destruction of the time-honored hostelry by fire.
4 49
50
just crossed by Lee in the Maryland campaign. Here the regiment lost
twenty-six men of Company B by capture.
At Fredericksburg, upon the night of December loth, the "23d" led
the army across the Rappahannock River upon the pontoon bridge at
Franklin's Crossing. Col. Neill here took command of a brigade, and
Lieut.-Col. John Ely became colonel. In May, 1863, the regiment, with
the Sixth Corps, was again in front of Fredericksburg, where five com-
panies, under Lieut.-Col. John F. Glenn, made a preliminary attack upon
Marye's Heights, losing sixteen men. In the final charge the "23d"
voluntarily rushed into a weak point, and entered the works, assisting in
capturing, with the Sixth Corps, everything in sight, losing seventy-two
men. For this feat one hundred silver medals were afterward pre-
sented to participants by Col. Ely. Upon the afternoon of the same
day (May 3d) the "23d," with Gen. Sedgwick's Sixth Corps, again met
the enemy at Salem Church. Skirmishing and marching through June,
the 23d Regiment entered upon the famous forced march of the Sixth
Corps, which brought all-important help to Meade at Gettysburg. Ar-
riving upon the scene at 4 P. M., July 2d, they were promptly sent to
the support of the Fifth Corps, near Little Round Top, but without
actual engagement. In the conflict of the third day Shaler's Brigade,
including the "23d," was sent to the Twelfth Corps at Gulp's Hill, where
they became engaged, driving Johnston's force back to their works, and
in the afternoon it was marched, under the heavy artillery fire preceding
Pickett's assault, to the left center of the battle line formed to receive
him. The regimental loss in these various movements was two officers
and twenty-nine men killed and wounded. The monument of the 23d
Regiment at Gettysburg is located at Gulp's Hill, where it was engaged.*
On July 5th the Sixth Corps followed Lee's retreating army in the
direction of the Potomac River, capturing large numbers of prisoners.
While in camp at Warrenton the regiment received a re-enforcement of
one hundred and forty-six drafted men, and was assigned to the Second
Division, Sixth Corps. Col. Ely returned and resumed command on
September 2d, 1863, and soon afterward the regiment was again march-
ing, guarding and skirmishing in the movements of the Sixth Corps,
this period covering the affairs at Rappahannock Station, Kelly's Ford
and the Mine Run. At the beginning of December, 1864, the regiment
was back in its old camp at Warrenton, where, because of disabilities.
Col. Ely resigned and Lieut.-Col. John F. Glenn was commissioned
colonel. At the end of the year two hundred of the men re-enlisted as
♦The Gettysburg Battlefield Commission first offered the regiment a monument
site at either to the right of Little Round Top or to the left of Gen. Meade's
headquarters. Eventually the "23d" proved its claim to the location on Gulp's
Hill and there erected its monument. After the State appropriation was made
for the cost of regimental monuments the "23d" expended its share thereof in
the addition of a bronze figure of a Zouave. When this had been done the
monument was rededicated.
51
veteran volunteers. The balance of the regiment was dispatched, in
January, under Major William J. Wallace, to Johnson's Island, Lake
Erie, for guard duty over the prison for Confederate officers, the veteran
contingent joining them on February nth, 1864. The opening of the
summer campaign found the "23d" again upon familiar ground in Vir-
ginia, and on May 14th the command was detailed to guard and convoy
freshly captured prisoners, then very numerous. This work and the de-
struction of the railroad trackage was performed under command of
Col. Isaac C. Bassett, of the 82d Regiment, Pennsylvania Infantry. The
"23d" rejoined the Army of the Potomac at the North Anna. At Cold
Harbor, on June ist, the "23d" met with its most trying experience,
losing, in the futile effort to break the Confederate line, nine officers
and one hundred and eighty-eight men, killed or wounded. The remnant
of the regiment remained on the firing line until, ten days later, the
movement was made to the investment of Petersburg. Here the old
Sixth Corps was kept busy, night and dav. in the trenches. After a hot
skirmish at Ream's Station, the scene again changed. The Sixth Corps
was hurried away to Washington, then threatened by the tireless Early,
who was followed to the Shenandoah Valley. While engaged in the
Valley the term of enlistment of the "23d" expired. The veterans and
recruits were transferred to the 82d Pennsylvania Regiment. At Phila-
delphia the command was mustered out on September 8th, 1864.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died from wounds oflficers, 6 ; men, 126.
Died from disease or other causes " 3 ; " S6.
Wounded, not mortally " 18 ; " 434.
Captured or missing " i ; " 78.
BATTLES AND ENGAGEMENTS.
Warwick Creek, Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, White Oak Swamp, Charles City
Cross Roads, Turkey Bend, Malvern Hill, Fredericksburg, Marye's Heights, Salem
Church, Gettysburg, Funkstown, Mine Run, Cold Harbor, Petersburg; also present
at Second Malvern Hill, Chantilly, Rappahannock Station, North Anna, Hanover-
town, Fort Stevens, D. C., and in Shenandoah Valley campaign to August 23d, 1864.
TWENTY=SIXTH REGIMENT INFANTRY
Colonel William F. Small to June 30, 1862.
Colonel Benjamin C. Tilghman to July 26, 1863.
LiEUT.-CoL. Robert L. Bodine to June 18, 1864.
Total Enrollment, 1,523 Officers and Men.
THIS regiment, recruited by Col. William F. Small, late com-
mander of the "Washington Brigade," was the first of the
"three years' " regiments of Pennsylvania. It was mustered in
to date from May 5th, 1^61. With the exception of a part of
Company K it was composed of Philadelphia volunteers. *The regi-
ment moved to Washington upon June 17th, where Company B, Capt.
John B. Adams, was detached for special duty at headquarters of Gen.
George B. McClellan. This company rejoined the regiment in Feb-
ruary, 1863. The "26th" was attached to Grover's Brigade, Hooker's
Division, Third Corps, and wintered in camp at Budd's Ferry, Mary-
land. In April, 1862, the "26th" was engaged upon the Virginia Penin-
sula, sharing in the actions of Yorktown and Williamsburg. At the
latter battle Col. Small was wounded, necessitating his retirement from
the service. Lieut.-Col. Benjamin C. Tilghman succeeded to the col-
onelcy. The regiment participated in the battles of Fair Oaks, Seven
Pines and Malvern Hill, and in the movements leading to Harrison's
Landing, on the James river. Leaving Yorktown by steamer for Alex-
andria, Va., the Third Corps was advanced to the Rappahannock
river, met the enemy at Bristoe Station, and on August 29th, 1862, lost
heavily at the second battle of Bull Run. In December, 1862, the "26th"
was engaged in the attack upon Fredericksburg. At the battle of Chan-
cellorsville it was again severely depleted. In this battle Col. Tilghman was
wounded, and, later, resigned. Lieut.-Col. Robert L. Bodine assumed
command. Early in June, 1863, the regiment was detailed to guard
the wagon train of the Third Corps upon a march which finally led to
South Mountain and Gettysburg. The Third Corps was engaged in the
great battle at this historic field upon the second and third days. The
"26th" went into the fight with three hundred and sixty-four rank and
file, losing two hundred and thirteen killed and wounded. Of the eigh-
teen officers, two were killed and nine severely wounded. Three color
bearers were killed. At Beverly Ford, in August, 1863, the regiment
was reinforced by one hundred and ninety-two recruits from Phila-
*CoI. Small had served in the Mexican War as Captain of the Monroe Guards.
Lieut-Col. Rush Van Dyke had also served in Mexico as captain of the Mont-
gomery Guards. Both of these companies were from Philadelphia and numbers
of their members were enrolled in the 26th Regiment.
52
53
delphia. A series of marches and skirmishes kept the regiment fully
occupied through the autumn and the winter was spent in road construc-
tion and camp routine. At this time the Third Corps was disbanded
and the "26th" became a part of the Second Brigade, Third Division,
Second Corps. On May 4th, 1864, the regiment, under Major Samuel
G. Moffitt (Col. Bodine having been promoted Bvt.-Brig.-General)
was again on the march, and in the thick of the fight at the "Wilder-
ness," losing twelve killed and twenty-seven wounded. On the loth
the "26th" charged the enemy at Spotsylvania, and two days later
shared in a greater charge upon the same ground, capturing two Na-
poleon guns. Here the regiment lost twenty killed and forty-five
wounded. Many of the casualties were inflicted by an attack upon
the left flank of the army by Rosser's cavalry. At North Anna River
a week later, the "26th" fought its last battle, and, its term of service
having expired, was sent to Philadelphia, arriving upon June 5th, 1864.
The men whose enlistments had not ended were transferred to the 99th
Regiment, Penna. Infantry. After a splendid reception by the people of
Philadelphia the regiment was mustered out June i8th, 1864.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed in action officers, 5; men, ^^
Died of Wounds " i; " 63
Died of disease or other causes " 2; " 73
Wounded, not mortally " 22 ; " 398
Captured or missing " 65
BATTLES.
Yorktown, Williamsburg, Oak Grove, Seven Days' Battles, Manassas, Fred-
ericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spotsylvania and
also present at Savage Station, White Oak Swamp, Glendale, Malvern Hill, Chan-
tilly, Kelly's Ford, North Anna and Totopotomoy.
TWENTY=SEVENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY
Colonel Max Einstein to October 2d, 1861.
Colonel Adolph Buschbeck to June nth, 1864.
Total Enrollment, 1,346 Officers and Men.
THE staunch German element of the Northern Liberties and
Kensington districts which had been so largely represented in
the Second Regiment of General Small's "Washington Brigade,"
proceeded, immediately after the Baltimore episode, to organize
a regiment of light artillery. Col. Max Einstein, its commander, offered
the services of his regiment to the Government, but the acceptance was
accompanied with the proviso that the command should serve as in-
fantry and as such it was mustered in. May 3Dth and 31st, 1861. The
term of service was, however, dated to begin upon May 5th. Camp was
established in Camden, N. J., from which the regiment proceeded to
Washington June i8th, encamping at Kalarama Heights. Here it was
assigned to the First Brigade (Blenker's) of the Fifth Division, Army
of the Potomac. This division formed the reserve of the battle of
Bull Run and being posted at Centreville Heights was not actively
engaged. The "27th" was the only Philadelphia regiment identified
with that disastrous Union advance and rout, and its men covered the
retreat of the army like veterans. In August, Company F, Captain
Chauncey Spering, was detached for duty at the Washington Arsenal
and did not rejoin the regiment. Upon September '7th, 1861, Lieut. Col.
Charles Anger oth and Major William Schoenleber resigned, their re-
spective successors being Adolph Buschbeck and Lorenz Cantador. Col. .
Einstein resigned October 2nd, 1861, and the officers named were
promoted as Colonel and Lieutenant Colonel. Colonel Buschbeck was
soon afterward placed in command of the brigade. It was not until in
winter quarters that the officers received their commissions, and the
regimental colors were not provided until February, 1862. Under the
McClellan organization the "27th" became a part of Lieut.-Colonel
Stahl's Brigade, Blenker's (German) Division, First Corps. In the
spring of 1862 Blenker's Division marched westward to join the Moun-
tain Department, then commanded by Major Genl. John C. Fremont,
with headquarters at Franklin, West Virginia. At Cross Keys and
Port Republic, in the Valley of the Shenandoah, the regiment experienced
its first duels with the enemy, with great credit to its officers and men.
Through July, August and September, the "27th" participated in a
retrograde movement, which led in the direction of Washington. Major
General Franz Sigel had superseded Fremont in command of the Moun-
tain Department. The First Corps crossed the Blue Ridge and the
54
55
"27th," with the 45th New York and a battery, now became the extreme
outpost of the Army, jind the rear-guard of Pope's retreat. At Rappa-
hannock Station, Freeman's Ford and White Sulphur Springs the
command was under constant fire. Skirmishing and fighting across
the country to the vicinity of Centreville, the Confederates were en-
countered in force upon the old Bull Run field, upon August 28th, 1862,
where, as usual, the "27th" was in the thick of the fight. This action
was preliminary to the more important battle known as the "Second
Bull Run," occurring upon the 30th, from which, after a hard day's
work, the "27th," with a detachment of "Bucktails," covered the retreat,
which led through Vienna to Falls Church, Va. Upon September 21st
the brigade was moved forward to Centreville, Va.
Upon October 26th, 1862, the "27th" was attached to the First
Brigade of the Second Division, Eleventh Corps. Between this date and
February 5th, 1863, when the regiment was finally allowed to establish
winter quarters at Stafford Court House, Va., it was constantly employed
in building roads, clearing ground for defences and similar heavy duty,
varied with picket duty and skirmishing.
The campaign of 1863 opened, in earnest, with the disastrous battle
of Chancellorsville, in which the "27th" lost heavily. The Confederate
success on this field was promptly followed by the invasion of Maryland
and Pennsylvania. The Eleventh Corps was rushed into Maryland and,
constantly watching the movements of the enemy upon its left-flank,
was but little behind the First Corps in reaching Gettysburg, where it
arrived at noon, upon July ist, plunging at once into the conflict. In
the melee many of the men were killed, wounded or captured. The
balance of the regiment retired to Cemetery Hill, and there, at night-
fall of the 2d, joined in the repulse of the famous "Louisiana Tigers."
The "27th" remained upon this part of the field assisting in the defence
of the right flank, upon the 3d, being exposed much of the time to a
destructive fire. The command was among the first to enter Gettysburg
upon the morning of the 4th of July. The regimental loss in this series
of battles was two officers and twenty-two men killed, three officers and
sixty-five men wounded, one officer and forty-four men captured.
Two months later, after having received an accession of one hundred
and seventy conscripts, the "27th" entered upon a new chapter of adven-
ture. With the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps it became a part of an army
of twenty thousand men under Major General Joseph Hooker, dispatched
to the assistance of General Rosecrans, who was beleaguered at Chatta-
nooga, Tenn. The journey, by rail, was accomplished in eight days, tra-
versing five States. On September 9th the Eleventh Corps marched from
Murfreesboro, Tenn., to a point thirteen miles south, where the command
fortified, but was advanced by rail to Stephenson, Ala., reporting here
to General Hooker. The task of the troops was now to force a junction
with Rosecrans. The way led through Bridgeport, Ala., twenty miles
west from Chattanooga, via Shell Mound, beyond which, to Wauhatchie,
56
Tenn., the route was through the wild and picturesque valley of the
Tennessee River. While in camp near Wauhatchie, Lieut.-Col. Cantador
resigned, being succeeded by Major Peter A. McAloon. The brigade,
including the "27th," marched into Chattanooga upon November 22d,
and, with Sherman's troops, participated in the fight of Orchard Knob and
in the assault upon Missionary Ridge. One officer and forty-five men
were killed and six officers and eighty men were wounded. Among the
latter was Lieut.-Col. McAloon, who died upon December 7th. The
command of the regiment now devolved upon Major August Reidt. The
remnant of the "27th" was immediately sent, with other troops, upon a
forced march under General Sherman, without tents or blankets, to the
relief of General Burnside at Knoxville, but was returned to Chattanooga
in December. The "27th" was now placed in the First Brigade of
Geary's Division. At this time the men claimed that the term of service
of the regiment had expired, but, after considerable discontent had been
manifested, the command marched away toward Atlanta, a part of Sher-
man's victorious column, to wage further battles at Rocky Face, Dug
Gap, Resaca and Dallas. At the latter point the war-worn survivors
received orders to proceed to Philadelphia, where they arrived upon May
31, 1864, and were soon afterwards mustered out, having served three
years and two months. Lieut.-Col. August Reidt was the only original
field officer of the regiment who remained to the end of the term of
service. The total strength of the regiment, together with conscripts
and recruits, was thirteen hundred and forty-six officers and men. Of
these, three hundred and thirty-six officers and men, including those in
Company F (detached) , came home with the regiment, and a large
portion of this remnant had been wounded in one or more of the many
battles in which they had been engaged.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died from wounds of5cers, 5; men, 73
Died from disease or other causes " " 62
Wounded, not mortally " 3 ; " 26
Captured or missing " i ; " 76
BATTLES.
Cross Keys, Rappahannock River, Groveton, Bull Run (second), Chancellors-
villa, Gettysburg, Hagerstown, Orchard Knob, Missionary Ridge, Rocky Face Ridge,
Resaca, Dallas.
TWENTY=EIQHTH REGIMENT INFANTRY
Colonel John W. Geary to April 25th, 1862.
Colonel Gabriel de Korponay to March 26th, 1863.
Colonel Thomas J. Ahl to March i8th, 1864.
Colonel John J. Flynn to November 3d, 1865.
Philadelphia Companies C, D, I, K, M and P.
Total Enrollment, 975 Officers and Men.
IN June, 1861, Col. John W. Geary began the organization of a regi-
ment of fifteen companies, six of which were recruited in Philadel-
phia and nine in the counties of Luzerne, Westmoreland, Carbon,
Huntingdon, Allegheny and Cambria. Col. Geary uniformed and
equipped the regiment at his own expense. The original uniform was
gray, but this was afterward discarded for the regulation blue. The
command was mustered in upon June 28th, 1861, as the Twenty-
eighth Regiment. The camp was located at Oxford Park, Philadelphia.
Ten companies were sent, upon July 27th, to Harper's Ferry, wh6re
Col. Geary was ordered by Major-General N. P. Banks to patrol duty
along the Potomac River. This involved great vigilance and some
desultory skirmishing. The "28th," with several Massachusetts and
Wisconsin companies, under the command of Col. Geary, met and de-
feated a force of Confederates at Bolivar Heights, West Virginia, upon
October i6th, and again, a few days later, at Loudon Heights. For
these achievements the regiment was especially commended by the Presi-
dent, Secretary of War and Gen. Banks. Upon October 21st, the
regiment was present at the affair of Ball's Bluff. A week later at Nolan's
Ferry, Md., a Confederate column was repulsed in an effort to cross the
Potomac and enter Maryland. For more than three months the bridges
and ferries of the Potomac were protected and then, upon February
24th, 1863, Col. Geary once more crossed the river and again drove
the enemy from Bolivar Heights, and beyond Leesburg. On March
Stii he occupied that point and pushed on to Snickers Gap in the South
Mountain, and thence to White Plains, with several brisk skirmishes
en route at Middleburg and Salem. Here, fifty miles southwest from
Harper's Ferry, Col. Geary's force proceeded to repair the Manassas
Railroad. Upon April 2Sth, 1862, Col. Geary received a commission
as Brigadier-General of Volunteers. Lieut.-Col. Gabriel de Korponay
now became Colonel of the "28th." The brigade, now under Gen. Geary,
continued to guard and make effective the Manassas Railroad over a
distance of fifty-two miles. At the western extreme of this line, at
Front Royal, in the Valley of the Shenandoah, a portion of the "28th"
was engaged with other troops in a defensive fight in which the infantry
with Knap's Battery did effective work. Upon July loth, 1862, orders
57
58
were issued constituting the "28th," and other troops of Gen. Geary's
command, the Second Brigade, First Division, Second Corps. A month
later the designation was changed to First Brigade, Second Division,
Second Corps. Upon August 9th the "28th" was sent to dislodge the
enemy from possession of Thoroughfare Gap (Cedar Mountain). Part
of the regiment reached the field of Cedar Creek at night in time
to participate in the battle at that point. In this affair Gen. Geary
was wounded. At Bristoe Station the "28th," in the face of the advanc-
ing enemy, destroyed, by order, several locomotives, a large number of
cars and all of the Government supplies stored there. The "28th"
reached Bull Run upon the day following the second battle upon that
field. From September 2d to the i6th the First Brigade was upon the
march which was ended at Antietam, Md., a distance of one hundred
and twenty-five miles in torrid weather. In the hard-fought battle of
the 17th the regiment lost, in killed and wounded, two hundred and
sixty-one officers and men, a record exceeded by but one other command
present. The trophies of the "28th" were two guns and five flags.
Two days later the regiment found itself once more at the scene
of its early victories, upon Loudon Heights, Harper's Ferry.
Five companies, including M and P, of Philadelphia, were detached
on October 28th, 1862, to become a nucleus for the 147th Regiment, then
forming at Harrisburg.
General Geary returned to duty and assumed command of the Second
Division, at Bolivar Heights. Upon December 9th the Twelfth Corps
was ordered to Fredericksburg, but the "28th" was left ot Dumfries, Va.,
upon the Potomac River, where it was attacked by a large force of
Stuart's Cavalry. The latter were driven northward by Geary's Divi-
sion, resulting in an engagement at Occoquan, Va., a few miles south
of Mount Vernon. For four months, dating from January ist, 1863,
the "28th" enjoyed comparative rest at Acquia Creek. Then it was
hurried away upon a forced march to Chancellorsville, and three days
later counted its losses to be above one hundred killed and wounded of
the three hundred officers and men in line. Among the killed was Major
L. F. Chapman, who had been in command. Upon March 26th, 1863, Col.
De Korponay resigned and Capt. Thomas J. Ahl of Company H was
commissioned colonel. Up to this period the regiment had been armed
with Enfield rifles, carrying sword bayonets. These were now replaced
with Springfield rifles. Along with the hurrying army en route to head off
the determined Confederates under Gen. Lee, in their break toward Penn-
sylvania, the Twelfth Corps began its northward march. It was des-
tined to reach the scene at Gettysburg upon the morning of July 2d,
1863, being stationed at the "point of the hook" upon Gulp's Hill. Being
well fortified the "28th" lost in this great battle but twenty-five killed,
wounded and missing. The regiment followed with other troops, upon
the heels of the retreating Confederates seventy-five miles, finally reach-
ing Sandy Hook, Md., upon the Potomac River, on the i8th. Geary's
59
division next met the enemy at Manassas Gap, where the last of the
"28th's" battles upon Virginia soil was waged. The Eleventh and Twelfth
Corps had been selected, for their oft-proven fighting qualities, to go
to the help of the Army of the Cumberland. The "28th" with Geary's
Pennsylvanians speeded westward, over the Baltimore and Ohio Rail-
road, to the Ohio River and on through Ohio, Kentucky and Tennessee
to Murfreesboro, Tenn., arriving in time to save the railroad connecting
with Bridgeport upon the Tennessee River from the tender mercies of
Wheeler's Cavalry. Upon joining the Army of the Cumberland Gen.
Geary's Brigade became a part of the Twentieth Corps, through the
merger into that organization of the old Eleventh and Twelfth Corps.
The "28th" missed the battle of this division at Wauhatchie, after a twen-
ty-eight-mile march. In this battle Capt. E. R. Geary, the eighteen-year-
old commander of Knap's Battery), and son. of Gen. Geary, was killed.
ITpon November 24th, the Second Division, including the "28th," was
ordered to storm the heights of Lookout Mountain. All that historic
day of the famous "battle above the clouds" the struggle continued.
Around the rock-strewn flanks of Lookout the battle surged and the
clouds were lurid with fires, but in the morning, when the mists had
swept away, the host of soldiery in and around Chattanooga, saw the
stars and stripes waving from the cliffs of the mountain. This splendid
feat won the unstinted praise of Gen. U. S. Grant, who reviewed and
thanked Geary's Division at Wauhatchie. The "28th" was in the action
at Missionary Ridge upon November 2Sth, and on the 27th again
met the enemy at Ringgold, Ga., where the regiment lost thirty-four
killed and wounded, including among the killed Lieut. Peter Kahlor of
Company E, a veteran of the Mexican War. In December the regiment,
having re-enlisted, returned home for thirty days, at the expiration of
which it rejoined the Armyof the Cumberland. Upon March i8th, 1864,
Col. Ahl resigned and Lieut.-Col. John J. Flynn was commissioned in his
place. In April the regiment helped to punish the enemy at Guntersville
and Triano upon the Tennessee River, and in May placed two more
affairs to its credit at Snake Creek Gap and Dalton Road, Ga., fol-
lowed by a week of continuous fighting near New Hope Church, Ga.
In June the advance toward Atlanta was contested at Pine Knob, Pine
Hill and Lost Mountain, Muddy Creek, Noses' Creek, Kolb's Farm,
Kenesaw Mountain and upon July 3d the battle of Marietta, considered
the key to the city of Atlanta, which was approached upon July 5th,
1864. This prize was not to be had, however, without further effort.
It was necessary to chastise Hood and his cohorts at Peach Tree Creek.
Atlanta fell upon September 2d. So constant was the battling all through
this campaign that it has been called the "hundred days' fight," the
progress of the Union forces being one of constant victory.* The "March
♦The total losses of Sherman, in killed, wounded and captured, between Chatta-
nooga and Atlanta were estimated to be 31,300.
6o
to the Sea" began upon November 15th. This remarkable tour de force
required five weeks of constant marching and skirmishing, out of all
touch with the North and without reserve supplies. The Fourteenth
and Fourth Corps formed the left wing of the army. The men seemed
to know that they were making history. Savannah was occupied upon
December 21st. The 28th Regiment captured and occupied Fort Jackson.
The Pennsylvanians of Geary's Division were the first to enter the city.
The troops extinguished the fires kindled by the Confederates and re-
stored order and confidence. Within a few days Philadelphia was busy
raising money for and sending food to the "starving people of the city."
The left wing started from Savannah upon the long, wet and
muddy journey westward and northward upon January 19th, 1865. This
occupied eleven weeks, up to the date of Johnston's surrender. As a
result of the capture of Columbia, capital city of the "mother of seces-
sion," the city of Charleston, heroically defended for more than four
years, was abandoned by the garrison under McLaws. Upon February
24th, 1865, Gen. Joseph E. Johnston was appointed by the Richmond
Government to the command of the Carolinas, and that capable officer
came into conflict with the Union forces in numerous skirmishes and
in two severe battles, at Averysboro, N. C, and Bentonville, N. C. At
Goldsboro, N. C, Gen. Sherman found, upon March 23d, Schofield's
force awaiting him. Raleigh, N. C, was occupied upon April 13th, and
here, upon the 26th, Gen. Johnston surrendered upon terms similar
to those extended to Lee by Grant, seventeen days earlier, at Appo-
mattox. In referring to the march of the Union force "from Atlanta
to the Sea," and from Savannah to Raleigh, the Confederate Gen. John-
ston said that "these troops were the toughest and most ready army
since Julius Caesar commanded the Roman legions."
The 28th Regiment, including its re-enlistment, was in the field
more than four years. "It served in twelve States and was engaged in
as many skirmishes and battles as any regiment in, the army.
The Philadelphia companies of the regiment were mustered out
upon July i8th, 1865.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died from wounds ofBcers, 6 ; men, 151
Died from disease or other causes " 3 ; " 124
BATTLES AND ENGAGEMENTS.
Pritchard's Mill, Berlin (September 19th, 1861), Point of Rocks (September
24th, 1861), Berlin (September 29th, 1861), Bolivar Heights, Point of Rocks (De-
cember 19th, 1861), Leesburg, Middleburg, Linden, Northern Virginia campaign,
Antietam, Hillsborough, Lovettsville Road, Old Wilderness Tavern, Chancellors-
vilk, Gettysburg, Fair Play, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Ringgold or
Taylor's Ridge, Mill Creek Gap, Resaca, Pumpkin Vine Creek, New Hope Church,
Pine Knob, Kulp's House, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta:,
Savannah, North Edisto River, Congaree River, Durham Station or Bennett's
House.
TWENTY=NINTH REGIMENT INFANTRY
Colonel John K. Murphy to April 23d, 1863*
Colonel William D. Rickards, Jr., to November 2d, 1864.
Colonel Samuel M. Zulick to July 7th, 1865.
Total Enrollment, 2,108 Officers and Men.
UNDER the name of "The Jackson Regiment" this strong com-
mand was recruited entirely in Philadelphia, by Col. John K.
Murphy in. May, June and July, 1861: Headquarters were
located in the building adjoining the Custom House, upon the
west. The ten companies were known as the Marion Guards, West
Philadelphia Greys,.United Rifles, Belmont Guards, Koska Guards, Wayne
Artillery Corps, Federal Guards, Henry Clay Fencibles, Morgan. Artillery
and Dougherty Guards.
Upon July 1 6th the regiment went into camp at Hestonville. The
heavy expense of recruiting, and of uniforms and subsistence was borne
by the officers. The uniforms, as in the case of many other of the
early regiments, were of gray cloth. The companies were mustered
during June and July and the command was designated the 29th Regi-
ment of the line, and was the third of the five Philadelphia infantry
regiments destined to win glory in both the eastern and western armies.
Upon August 3d, the "29th" left Philadelphia for Sandy Hook, Mary-
land, there joining the army under Major-General N. P. Banks, being
attached to the Third Brigade, First Division, Second Corps. The work
and experiences of the "29th" under Gen. Banks were parallel with those
of the "28th," involving the guarding of ferries along the upper Potomac
River, and the occupation of the country westward along or south of
the Shenandoah River, co-operating with Fremont's Mountain Depart-
ment with almost constant skirmishes with Confederate cavalry parties.
In a skirmish with the Louisiana Brigade at Winchester, Va., upon
April 25th, 1862, Col. Murphy with a considerable number of the regi-
ment were made prisoners. These, together with two companies cap-
tured on May 23d by the Confederates at Front Royal, aggregated a
loss of seven officers and one hundred and forty-eight enlisted men.
Three Companies, C, E. and F. of the "29th," under command of
Major Michael Scott, were present at the battle of Cedar Mountain
upon August 9th, but not actively engaged. Upon September 17th the
regiment was at Antietam, but being upon provost and rear guard duty
did not meet with heavy fighting. Col. Murphy and his fellow officers
having been exchanged, returned to the regiment upon October 22d.
*In the War with Mexico Col. Murphy was captain of the National Artillery
from Philadelphia.
61
62
After a period of provost duty at Hagerstown, the regiment rejoined
the brigade near Fairfax Station, Leesburg, Va., of which Col. Murphy,
as senior officer, took command. The brigade was then moved to Alex-
andria, Va. Following the experience of Burnside's famous "mud
march" the "29th" went into camp at Stafford Court House, Va., where,
in command of Lieut.-Col. William D. Rickards, winter quarters was
built and the regiment devoted itself to the routine of drill and guard
duty. Upon March 21st, 1863, the "29th" became a part of the Second
Brigade, Second Division, Twelfth Corps. The new brigade was com-
posed entirely of Pennsylvania regiments. Upon April 26th, 1863, the
regiment moved from its camp toward Fredericksburg, arriving at Chan-
cellorsville upon the evening of the 30th. In the battles of May ist to
4th, the "29th" lost six men killed and thirteen wounded. With the
general movement of the army toward Maryland and Pennsylvania, in
June, 1863, the "29th" performed the long and exhausting march ending
at Gettysburg, reaching the field, with Geary's division, upon the ist
of July, occupying Round Top. Upon the morning of the 2d, the "29th"
was sent to the right of the line at Gulp's Hill. At 7 P. M. the brigade
was hurried away to assist the left flank, in the direction of Little Round
Top. Returning to Gulp's Hill it was hotly engaged in that wilder-
ness of forest and rocks to the end of the battle, losing, altogether, fifteen
killed and fifty-nine wounded or missing. The pursuit of the retreating
Confederates led the Twelfth Corps back to the region of Harper's
Ferry and the Shenandoah River and thence on to the South Mountain
and Thoroughfare Gap, but the quarry had escaped. On September
23d, the regiment, proceeding to Washington, was entrained with the
rest of the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps, and sent to join the Army of
the Cumberland. At Murfreesboro, Tenn., Col. Rickards was ordered
to the command of the Twelfth Corps regiments already arrived. While
engaged in building a fort at Fosterville, upon the Nashville and Chatta-
nooga Railroad, the force was ordered to Stephenson, Ala., by rail and
there reported to Gen. Hooker. From this point the "29th" was sent
forward through a wild and picturesque country to Wauhatchie Junction,
the regiment being at once placed on picket duty. This precaution frus-
trated a night attack in which the enemy was badly beaten. This was
the battle of Wauhatchie, in which the Union force consisted of four
New York and three Pennsylvania Regiments and Knap's Battery.
General Longstreet's troops, met here, numbered three to one of the
Federal force.
Upon November 24th, at daylight, the "29th" occupied the right
of Major-Gen. Geary's division in the picturesque action called the
"Battle above the Clouds." The column advanced up the west slope
of Lookout Mountain at a place about three miles south from the point
which overlooks the Tennessee River. When the head of the line
reached the vertical escarpment of rock the column faced left and swept
along the slope, through the tangle of rocks and forest growth, followed
63
by the supporting line of the Third Brigade. The enemy swarmed
along the cliff and down the narrow gorges to the attack. Hundreds
of the Confederates surrendered and were sent to the rear. In the
midst of lowering clouds, here, eighteen hundred feet above the valley,
the fight surged around the point, past the Craven house and on, to
another defensive work, just south of the Summertown road, which
leads up to the mountain from Chattanooga. Here the advance rested.
To the thousands of spectators in the valley the scene seemed, indeed,
a battle in the skies. The "29th" remained in the darkness, when
friend or foes could not be distinguished, until 9.30 P. M. then being
relieved. At dawn, the following morning. Col. Rickards, with a number
of his men, ascended ladders found in a cleft of the cliff, and upon
gaining the summit, discovered that the enemy was gone. While there
an officer of the 8th Kentucky (Union) Regiment and several men
came up the Summertown road and waved a flag within sight of the
city and camps below. A party from the iiith Pennsylvania Regiment
also ascended the ladders, and the incident is shown in bronze upon
their tablet, affixed to the rock at this point. The tablet of the "29th,"
near by, does not refer to the circumstance.
Losing no time the brigade crossed the valley upon the Rossville
Gap road and captured a brigade from Polk's left wing upon Missionary
Ridge, and the next day, November 26th, fought his retreating rear
guard at Rossville, then moving upon Ringgold, Georgia, where the
enemy was encountered in force and a severe action was fought with
his rear guard. This was glory enough for three days, and the regi-
ment rested upon its honors once more at Wauhatchie. The "29th"
was mustered out on December 8th and on the loth two hundred and
ninety of the officers and men were mustered into the first "veteran"
regiment formed for further service in the Union Army.* Gen. Geary's
Division passed in review of the "29th" and the General complimented
the regiment upon its patriotic action.
This entitled the command to a visit home. The "29th" arrived
in Philadelphia upon December 23d, 1864, where it was honored with
a great military reception, with addresses of welcome at National Guards
Hall and a dinner at the "Cooper Shop." Three months later, having
recruited to a strength of twenty-one officers and five hundred and
eighty-eight enlisted men, the regiment barracked at Chester, Pa., leaving
for the front early in April. The regiment was now attached to the
*Under a general order dated June 2Sth, 1863, able-bodied volunteers who
had served more than nine months in the United States forces, and who could
pass the mustering officer, were eligible to re-enlistment as veteran volunteers for
three years' service. Such veterans were allowed a month's pay in advance, a
furlough and a bounty and premium of $402.00, payable in instalments at specified
intervals. It was provided that the full sum thus awarded was to be paid to
any veteran honorably discharged at any time prior to the full term of his enlist-
ment. Veteran volunteers were distinguished by service chevrons upon the sleeve.
General Order No. igi.
64
Third Brigade, Second Division, Twentieth Corps. With Gen. Sherman's
army the "29th" fought its way through to Atlanta. At Kennesaw Moun-
tain Col. William Rickards was so badly wounded that he was retired
from the service and Lieut.-Col. Samuel M. Zulick was commissioned
in his place. Under this officer the regiment continued from Atlanta to
Savannah and thence to Goldsboro and Raleigh, a march of nearly one
thousand miles. After a rest of four months with comparatively un-
eventful service the regiment was mustered out at Alexandria, Virginia,
upon July 17th, 1865, after a service of four years and one month. The
"29th" was engaged in the last great battle of the war, at Bentonville,
N. C, on March 19th, 1865.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died from wounds officers, 4 ; men, SS-
Died from disease, accident and in prison " i ; " 66.
Wounded, not mortally " T, " 125.
Captured or missing " 7 ; " 164.
BATTLES, ETC.
Harper's Ferry, Winchester, Campaign of the Shenandoah Valley, Woodstock,
Edenburg, Stony Creek, Front Royal, Backton Station, Winchester, Bull Run
(guarding trains), Antietam, Chambersburg, Maryland Heights, Fairfax, Mud
March, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Pursuit of Lee, Movement with Hooker
Detachment, Bridgeport, Ala., Wauhatchie, Lookout Mountain, Ringgold, Mission
Ridge, Ringgold Gap, Atlanta Campaign, including Dalton, Resaca, Cassville,
New Hope Church, Dallas, Allatoona Pass, Marietta, Pine Hill, Lost Mountain,
Golgotha Church, assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Ruff's Station, Chattahoochie
River, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Expedition to Tuckum's Bridge, March to
the Sea, Siege of Savannah, Campaign of the Carolinas, Bentonville, Bennett's
House, Surrender of Johnston, Muddy Creek, Noses Creek.
THE RESERVE CORPS OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF
PENNSYLVANIA
1
/* ■ ^ HE rapid formation of regiments for the Na-
tional service, through Pennsylvania, in the
spring of 1861, having deprived the State of
its uniformed militia force, the Legislature,
upon the initiative of Governor Curtin, enacted a law,
upon May 15th, providing for the formation of a body
of troops to be sustained by the State for defence
against internal disorder and invasion. It was also
provided that this "Reserve Corps" should be subject,
at all times, to call by the Government. Under this
Act thirteen regiments of infantry, one regiment of
cavalry and one regiment of artillery were soon as-
sembled and in camps of instruction at Easton, West
Chester, Harrisburg and Pittsburg. Philadelphia was
represented in this corps by twenty companies of in-
fantry and four companies of artillery, in which were
enrolled about 3,000 men.
The command of this Reserve Division was
tendered by Governor Curtin to, and accepted by,
Col. George A. McCall, a native of Philadelphia and
a veteran officer of the United States army, who had
retired from the service in 1853 and was residing upon,
his farm in Chester County. He was given a State commission as Major-
General, and proceeded to organize the several camps.* Two regiments
from this force, the Fifth and Thirteenth Reserves, were accepted by the
Government for guard duty upon the upper Potomac river and in West
Virginia. After the battle of Bull Run, responding promptly to the urgent
call of the President for troops to defend Washington, the entire Reserve
Corps enlisted in the United States service for three years. It was not
until the reserve regiments were encamped at Tenallytown, upon George-
town Heights, that they were brigaded. Maj.-Gen. George A. McCall
having received his commission from the United States Government,
selected as his brigade commanders Brig.-Generals John F. Reynolds,
George Gordon Meade and E. O. C. Ord, all fellow cadets at West
Point.f
The record of the Pennsylvania Reserves in the following years
♦The command of the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps was tendered by Governor
Curtin to Major-Gen. George B. McClellan before it was offered to Gen. McCall.
("McClellan's Own Story.")
tThe staff of Gen. McCall included Lieut.-Col. Henry J. Biddle, A. A- G-,
Capt. Henry Sheetz and Capt. Henry Coppee, all of Philadelphia,
5 65
66
forms one of the most brilliant chapters in the annals of the great Re-
bellion. Upon June 27th, 1862, Gen. Reynolds was captured by the
enemy, and three days later Maj.-Gen. McCall was made a prisoner at
the battle of New Market. A return of ill health, resulting from hard-
ships before exchange, compelled the latter to resign. Maj.-Gen. Truman
Seymour then became 'the commander of the Reserve Corps pending
the return and appointment to that position of Maj.-Gen. John F. Rey-
nolds. Just before the battle of Antietam Gen. Reynolds was detailed
to the command of the Pennsylvania militia. Maj.-Gen. George Gordon
Meade then commanded the Reserves until called to lead the Fifth Corps.
The last commander of this splendid corps was Maj.-Gen. Samuel Wylie
Crawford, who led the remnant of the division in its heroic work at
Gettysburg.*
In the critical days just before the battle of Gettysburg, when news-
papers of other States were reproaching Pennsylvania because of her
inability to defend her State borders from invasion without help from
outside, the editor of the Philadelphia "Inquirer" wrote, July ist, 1863:
■'At the first call to defend the National Capital Pennsylvania's valleys
overflowed with volunteers, and the excess was embodied into a military
organization armed, equipped and maintained out of her own treasury.
Then she was capable of defence. But when McDowell's army was
overthrown at Bull Run the National authorities called again for instant
help, and Pennsylvania contributed her only State corps to the defence
of the Nation, for the whole war, fifteen thousand nine hundred men,
infantry, cavalry and artillery. That body is known to history by its
brilliant fighting in almost every battle since Bull Run as 'The Penn-
sylvania Reserves.' "
At the close of their term of service, in the summer of 1864, the
"Reserves" were accorded great honors at Harrisburg and Philadelphia.
PHILADELPHIA COMPANIES ATTACHED TO THE PENNSYLVANIA
RESERVE CORPS, THREE YEARS' SERVICE.
Thirty-first Regiment, Second Reserves. Companies A, B, C, D, E, G, H and K.
Thirty-second Regiment, Third Reserves. Companies E, G and K.
Thirty-third Regiment, Fourth Reserves. Companies A, B, D, G and I.
Thirty-sixth Regiment, Seventh Reserves. Companies E, G and K.
Forty-first Regiment, Twelfth Reserves. Company A.
Forty-third Regiment, First Artillery Reserves. Batteries C, D, G and H.
These troops were part of the Third Division, First Corps, and
the Third Division, Fifth Corps, Army of the Potomacf
*Major-Gen. S. Wylie Crawford, of Philadelphia, was a surgeon in the small
garrison under Major Anderson at Fort Sumter in 1861.
tThe traveler southward, after passing Fredericksburg may see upon the east-
ward side of the railroad a stone pyramid. It was erected by Confederates upon
the spot where they met the Pennsylvania Reserves. Just beyond is the house
within which Stonewall Jackson died.
THIRTY=FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY (SECOND RESERVES)
Colonel William B. Mann to October 30th, 1861.
Colonel William McCandless to June i6th, 1864.
Total Enrollment, 850 Officers and Men.*
THIS regiment was recruited under the direction of William
B. Mann, Esq., and was taken by him to Camp Washington,
the Reserve camp at Easton, Pa., of which Col. Mann was
appointed commander May 27th, 1861. The eight Phila-
delphia companies were : Co. A, Penn Rifles ; Co. B, Governor's Rangers ;
Co. C, Hibernia Target Co.; Co. D, Governor's Rangers; Co. E, Scotch
Rifles; Co. G, Taggart Guards (partly from Lancaster Co.); Co. H, In-
dependent Rangers ; Co. K, Consolidation Guards
Responding to the call of the War Department, the command was
moved from Harrisburg to Baltimore in the latter part of July, and
thence to Sandy Hook, Maryland, reporting to Gen. N. P. Banks with-
out the formality of muster into the United States service. This led
to complications which resulted in the defection of a large proportion of
the rank and file. Many of the men returned to Philadelphia and en-
tered other regiments. By order of Major-Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks
the regiment was disturbed by the disbandment of several companies.
This displaced a number of excellent officers, for some of whom
other places were found. The regiment was active in the movements
under Banks in the vicinity of the Potomac river, above Washington.
Upon September 25th the Reserve Division was joined at Tenallytown,
Md., and the "31st" was assigned to the First Brigade, commanded by
Gen. John F. Reynolds. Entering Virginia with the Reserves, the bri-
gade was near Ball's Bluff upon the morning of the unfortunate battle
at that point, but was ordered back to camp by Gen. McClellan. Col.
William B. Mann resigned upon November ist, and was succeeded by
Lieut.-Col. William McCandless, who was not, however, commispjoned
as colonel until the following August (1862). Late In May, 1862, the
Reserves were sent to Fredericksburg to operate in the direction of
Richmond, but were recalled, and upon June 8th embarked upon a
steamer, landed at White House, on the Pamunkey river, and marched
to Dispatch Station, within ten miles from Richmond. At Mechanics-
ville, six miles north of Richmond, upon June 26th, and at Gaines' Mill,
the next day, the "31st" had its first battles, in which the command lost
twenty-two killed, forty-two wounded and a number captured. The
next move was through White Oak Swamp, where, in the close fighting
at Charles City Cross Roads, the regiment lost heavily, and upon July
1st was in reserve at Malvern Hill, nine miles east of Richmond. Al-
*Philad?lphia companies only.
(>7
68
though victors, the army was withdrawn by McClellan and the Reserves
found themselves at Harrison's Landing, on the James river. The
struggle was now transferred to the Rappahannock river, where Pope
faced Lee, and where, on August 29th, the second battle of Bull Run
was fought. Col. McCandless was among the wounded. The battle
of South Mountain was fought on the way to Antietam. At the latter
field the "31st" was under fire upon both the i6th and 17th of September.
Here, out of one hundred and seventy-one men in line, the regiment
lost twenty-six killed, wounded and missing. At Fredericksburg, in
December, the "31st," on the left of the line, killed, wounded and cap-
tured the 19th Georgia Regiment. Of one hundred and ninety-five
rank and file in the "31st" the loss was thirty-nine killed, wounded
and missing. Being greatly reduced and war-worn, the regiment was or-
dered to the vicinity of Washington, where it went into camp
under Maj. George A. Woodward. Upon June 17th, 1863, the officers
of the "31st" signed a petition to be allowed to go with the Army of
the Potomac, then hastening to Pennsylvania. Accordingly, the First
and Third Brigades were attached to the Fifth Corps and started north.
The Reserves reached Gettysburg upon the 2d of July at 5 P. M., plung-
ing immediately into the battle in support of the Third Corps, in front
of Little Round Top, driving the enemy back in confusion. In the
afternoon of the 3d, the regiment, with the 3d. nth and Bucktail Regi-
ments, advanced and cleared the wheat field and woods, in front of Little
Round Top, of the enemy, capturing many prisoners. The regimental
loss here was forty killed and wounded. Early in September, 1863,
Lieut.-Col. Woodward was succeeded in command (as Lieut.-Col.) by
Maj. Richard Ellis. In the operations of the Army of the Potomac,
early in 1864, the regiment was engaged in fights at Mine Run, Briscoe
Station and New Hope Church. At Spotsylvania the regiment lost
twenty killed, wounded and missing. Upon May 31st, 1864, six days
after its term of service had expired, the "31st" fought its last battle
upon the site of its first fight, three years before, near Mechanicsville,
Va. In this last encounter the enemy was annihilated or captured. The
regiment was soon afterward sent to Harrisburg and Philadelphia, where,
with many honors, the remnant was mustered out June i6th, 1864.
TOTAL LOSSES (Regimental).
Killed or died from wounds ofScers, 4; men, 82
Died of disease " 2 ; " 54
Wounded, not mortally " 22 ; " 207
Captured or missing " 5 ; " 48
BATTLES OR ENGAGEMENTS.
Mechanicsville, Gaines' Mill, Glendale, Malvern Hill, Groveton, Second Bull Run,
South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Bristoe Station, Rappahan-
nock Station, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomoy,
Bethesda Church.
THIRTY=SECOND REGIMENT INFANTRY (THIRD RESERVES)
Colonel Horatio G. Sickel to June 17th, 1864.
Philadelphia Companies, E, G and K.
Total Enrollment, 338 Ofl&cers and Men.
AMONG the numerous companies of volunteers raised in Phila-
delphia at the outbreak of the war, which were unable to
find places in the three months' service, were the De Silver
Grays, of Holmesburg; the Germantown Guards and the On-
tario Infantry. The captain of the latter was Horatio G. Sickel. These
companies became respectively E, G and K of the Third Reserve Regi-
ment which Capt. Sickel commanded as colonel throughout the three
years of its service. The "32d" was organized at Easton, Pa., in May,
June and July, 1861, and under its colonel, an officer of twenty years'
experience, rapidly gained in efficiency. The command was mustered
at Harrisburg upon July 27th, and sent to the Reserve camp at Tenally-
town, near Washington, where it joined the Second Brigade under
Brig.-Genl. George Gordon Meade. Entering Virginia with the Reserve
Division, the movements of the regiment were identical with those of
the 31st or Second Reserve Regiment. In the course of the several battles
occurring at Mechanicsville, Gaines' Mill, White Oak Creek and Charles
City Cross Roads within six days, the "32d" lost about two hundred
officers and men, killed, wounded or missing, but it inflicted a heavier
loss upon the Confederates. At Malvern Hill, upon July ist, 1862,
the regiment was in reserve and had no casualties. The Reserves were
moved by water from Harrison's Landing to the Potomac in July, and
pushed forward to assist Gen. Pope at Rappahannock Station. This
led to the battle of the Second Bull Run, with a resulting heavy loss in
the regiment. At South Mountain the "32d" was upon the edge rather
than in the thick of the fight, but in the two days' conflict at Antietam
lost, in killed and wounded, fifty-one officers and men. At Fredericks-
burg, on December 13th, the regiment had its part with the Reserve
Division on the left, losing, in killed, wounded and missing, one hundred
and twenty-eight. This was the regiment's last fight in Virginia. The
remnant of survivors were placed in camp near Washington, and at-
tached to the newly formed Twenty-second Corps. The "32d" remained
here nearly a year, then, with the Fourth Reserves, both under the com-
mand of Col. Sickel, it was sent to meet further warfare in a new
field. Under command of Maj. William Briner the "32d" was taken
to Martinsburg, West Virginia, and in this section was subjected to an
exhausting service far more trying than fighting open battles, as the
mountains were infested with the guerilla cavalry of the enemy, and
69
70
the railroads were in need of constant guarding. In March the Third
and Fourth Reserves were sent to Harper's Ferry, but immediately re-
turned to West Virginia, in the vicinity of Grafton, and upon April
22d, 1864, moved by steamers down the Ohio river to the Great Kanawha
river, camping at Brownstown, West Virginia. Here Col. Sickel re-
turned to resume command of his old regiment, but was placed by Gen.
George Crook in charge of the Reserves brigade. The "2,26." was then
under command of Capt. Jacob Lenhart. The troops thus assembled
formed an expedition intended to destroy the railroad line south of the
Allegheny Mountains, over which Gen. Lee's army received the greater
portion of its subsistence. This involved a forced march of three weeks
in mud, storm and cold, throug;h a wild and desolate country, but the
task was accomplished. The chief features of this heroic raid were the
battle of Cloyd Mountain, upon May 9th, and of N,ew River, upon the
loth. At Cloyd Mountain the two Reserve regiments lost nearly one
hundred officers and men. Among those killed were Col. Richard H.
Woolworth, of Philadelphia, formerly Major of the Third Reserves,
but, at the time, in command of the Fourth Reserves. The wounded
were subjected to great suffering in the course of the march, which ended
at Meadow Bluff ten days after the battle. Upon May 22d the brigade
was ordered home, its term of service having expired. The return
occupied nine picturesque, happy days by steamer and rail via Pittsburgh,
the brigade reaching Philadelphia upon June 8th, 1864, and there the
troops were mustered out upon the 17th of June. The recruits and
re-enlisted veterans of the brigade still remaining in the field were formed
into a battalion, which subsequently became a part of the 54th Regiment
Veteran Volunteer Infantry. This battalion included, out of the two
Reserve regiments, one hundred and three Philadelphians, who shared
the fortunes of the "54th" to the end of the war.*
TOTAL LOSSES (Philadelphia Companies).
Killed or died from wounds men, 17.
Died from disease officers, i ; " 7-
Wounded, not mortally " 16.
Captured or missing " 8.
BATTLES.
Mechanicsville, Gaines' Mill, Charles City Cross Roads, Glendale, Malvern
Hill, Gainesville, Groveton, Bull Run, South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg,
Cloyd Mountain, New River Bridge, Newport.
*These veterans experienced further service in the Shenandoah Valley under
Sheridan and in the closing scenes of the siege of Petersburg. During the pursuit
of Gen. Lee's troops after the fall of Richmond the "S4th" was captured and
held until the capitulation at Appomattox when, after considerable hardship, they
regained their liberty.
THIRTY=THIRD REGIMENT INFANTRY (FOURTH RESERVES)
Colonel Robert G. March to October ist, 1861.
Colonel Albert L. Magilton to December 3d, 1862.
Colonel R. H. Woolworth to May 9th, 1864.
Colonel Thomas F. B. Tapper to June 17th, 1864.
Philadelphia Companies A, B, D, I and G.
Total Enrollment, 497 Officers and ilen.
FIVE companies from Philadelphia, the Able Guards, Quaker City
Guards, Dickson Guards, Reed Guards and Harmer Guards
were sent in June, 1861, to the Reserve camp at Easton, Pa.,
and enrolled with companies from Montgomery, Lycoming,
Monroe, Susquehanna and Chester Counties to form this regiment. Fif-
teen of the field officers were from Philadelphia. The "33d" was mus-
tered in at Harrisburg July 17th, and sent to Baltimore, encamping
there at Carroll Hill on July 21st. Part of the command occupied the
Stewart mansion in the city, assisting in the suppression of the disloyal
element of the population. At the end of August the "33d" moved to the
reserve camp at Tenallytown, Md., near Washington. Col. March re-
signed in October, being replaced by Albert L. Magilton, late Lieut.-Col.
of the Second Reserves. Under this experienced officer the regiment im-
proved greatly in drill.
The "33d" was, at this time, assigned to the Second Brigade, First
Corps. The Brigade commander was Gen. George G. Meade. Eager for
active service, the Reserves enterd Virginia upon October 9th. At the
battle of Dranesville, Va., twenty-five miles northwest from Washington,
upon December 20th, 1861, the "33d" was in the supporting line and
not actively engaged, but in the movement under Gen. McClellan, in
the costly "on to Richmond" campaign, between Mechanicsville and Mal-
vern Hill the "33d" lost two hundred officers and men, chiefly during a
desperate bayonet fight in defence of Randall's battery at Gaines' Mill.
These inexperienced troops drove back the on-rush of seasoned Ala-
bamians and saved the guns. Under Pope, the "33d" fought at the
second Bull Run and at South Mountain, Md., on the way to Antietam.
In the two battles of the Antietam campaign the regiment lost seventy-
five officers and men, killed and wounded. Three months later, at
Fredericksburg, Va., upon December 13th, the Reserve Division, led
by Gen. Meade, charged the Confederate right wing with success. Here
the "33d" lost thirty-eight killed and wounded. A few days later
Col. Magilton resigned and Lieut.-Col. Richard H. Woolworth assumed
command. This officer was commissioned as Colonel in the following
March. The Reserve Division was placed upon routine duty in the de-
71
72
fences of Washington, remaining here nearly a year. Upon January
6th, 1864, the "33d" was sent to join the force in West Virginia, then
concentrating under Major-Gen. George Crook, in the Kanawha Valley.
The services of the regiment, in the exhausting but successful expedition
southeastward across the Allegheny Mountains, were identical with those
of the Third Reserves. At Cloyd Mountain, Va., Col. Woolworth,
leading the brigade, and Capt. Prosper M. Davis were killed. At New
River Bridge, Va., May loth, 1864, the "33d" had its final meeting with
the enemy. After a few days of rest the regiment, with such of its
wounded as could be transported, was sent via the Ohio river and Pitts-
burg to Philadelphia, where it was mustered out upon June 17th, 1864.
Just prior to the dissolution of the regiment a portion of the men
re-enlisted in a battalion, which was subsequently merged with the S4th
Regiment Infantry. This additional service included fifty-seven men
from the Philadelphia companies of the Fourth Reserves.
TOTAL LOSSES (Regimental).
Killed or died from wounds officers, 2 ; men, 76
Died from disease " i ; " 60
BATTLES AND ENGAGEMENTS
Dranesville, Mechanicsville, Gaines' Mill, Savage Station, Charles City Cross
Roads, White Oak Swamp, Malvern Hill, Second Bull Run, South Mountain,
Fredericksburg, Cloyd Mountain, New River.
THIRTY=SIXTH REGIMENT INFANTRY (SEVENTH RESERVES)
Colonel Elisha B. Harvey to July 4th, 1862.
Colonel H. C. Bolinger to August 19th, 1864.
Philadelphia Companies, E, G, and K.
Total Enrollment, 284 Officers and Men.
PHILADELPHIA was represented in this regiment by the Ridg-
way Guards, Co. E., Capt. Charles S. Peall, Second Philadelphia
Guards; Co. G, Capt. John C. Chapman, and Douglass Guards,
Co. K, Capt. Casper Martino. The balance of the regiment was
recruited from the interior counties in the Eastern sections of the State.
At Camp Wayne, near West Chester, Pa., the regiment was drilled
and uniformed. Upon July 21st, 1861, under Col. Elisha B. Harvey, the
"36th" left via Baltimore for Washington, where it was mustered into
the United States service upon July 27th. A week later the regiment
■ imm i n i ii i unjiniii imnwKiitwr
1565
GENERAL GEO. A.WCM
FIRST COMMANDER OF PENNSYLVANIA
RESERVE VOLUNTEER CORPS |
ARMY OF THE POTOMAC 1
PRESENTED BY PENNA.RESERVE POST N° 191 '
GRAND ARMY OF TttE REPUBLIC V":
. . ■ 1911 a? ;^
TABLET PRESENTED BY PENNSYLVANIA RESERVE POST 191, G. A. R..
TO GENERAL GEO. A. McCALL SCHOOL, at Seventh and Delancey Streets.
73
marched to Tenallytown, there joining the Reserve Division, being as-
signed to the Second Brigade, commanded by Brigadier-General George
G. Meade. Late in August the regiment was sent to Gen. Banks
for guard duty at Great Falls, on the Potomac river. The autumn and
winter were spent in camp upon Virginia soil, near Washington. With
the opening of the active season in April, 1862, the "36th" was stationed
at Fairfax, Va. With part of the First Corps, the regiment shared in
the advance of the Reserves upon Richmond, which resulted in the
battles of Mechanicsville and Gaines' Mill. At the latter affair the "36th"
fought like veterans to save Butterfield's battery and lost, in killed and
wounded and captured, half of its force. Assisting in guarding Gen.
Hunt's artillery column in the retreat, and in desultory fighting through
Savage Station, White Oak Swamp and Charles City Cross Roads, the
Reserves reached Malvern Hill, and after that victory moved on to
Harrison's Landing. In that week of battles the "36th" had lost three
hundred and one men. In August the Reserves were on the firing line
along the Rappahannock river with the Army of Northern Virginia.
At the close of Pope's campaign, after further heavy losses, the regi-
ment went back to its old camp of the year before, but was at once
ordered northward. On September 14th, 1862, the command helped
to drive the enemy out of the passes of South Mountain and hurried
on to Antietam. Upon this field the "36th" again suffered heavily
and added greatly to its laurels. At Fredericksburg the regiment made,
with other First Corps troops, the glorious but fruitless charge upon
the Confederate right, capturing many prisoners and a battle flag. The
worn remnant of the "36th" was relieved, together with the Reserve
Corps generally, from further hard fighting until April i8th, 1864. It
then marched away from its camp at Alexandria to have a share in
the campaign which began with the battle of the Wilderness. This
proved the Waterloo of the "Seventh Reserves." While driving the
retreating enemy the regiment was ambuscaded, with the exception of
Co. B, and two hundred and seventy-two officers and men were cap-
tured.
The few officers and men who were not captured at the Wilderness
continued to rally around their colors and to fight. They numbered,
together with recruits, one hundred and ten officers and men. This
battle-scarred contingent was mustered out, at Philadelphia, upon June
l6th, 1864.
TOTAL LOSSES (Philadelphia Companies).
Killed or died from wounds, or from disease officers, i; men, 32
Died in prison at Andersonville " 21
BATTLES AND ENGAGEMENTS.
Mechanicsville, Gaines' Mill, Savage Station, White Oak Swamp, Charles City
Cross Roads, South Mountain, Antietam, Wilderness,
FORTY=FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY (TWELFTH RESERVES)
CoLONEi, John H. Taggart.
Philadelphia Company A, 124 Officers and Men.
Re-enlisted (in 190th Regt.) 34 Men*
ALTHOUGH formed and commanded by a Philadelphian, this
regiment contained but one local company. This became Co.
A, of which the Captains were Henry B. Whisner and Franklin
Daniels. The "41st" served throughout its term of enlistment
with the Army of the Potomac, taking part in the several campaigns
and many battles in which the Pennsylvania Reserve Division so dis-
tinguished itself. At the end of its enlistment thirty-four members of
Company A re-enlisted as veterans.* Many others were discharged for
disability and, at muster out, upon June nth, 1864, at Harrisburg, the
company had present but seventeen officers and men.
LOSSES (Company A).
Killed or died from wounds men, 10.
Died from disease " 3.
BATTLES AND ENGAGEMENTS
Dranesville, Mechanicsville, Gaines' Mill, Glendale, Malvern Hill, Groveton,
Bull Run (second). South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Bristoe
Station, Rappahannock Station, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna,
Totopotomoy, Bethesda Church.
THE RESERVE BATTERIES.
Twenty-one Philadelphians held commissions in the Pennsylvania
Reserve regiments not herein recorded. One of the most distinguished
was the second Colonel of the 13th Reserves (Bucktails).t
The records of the four Philadelphia batteries originally recruited
as a part of the ist Artillery Reserves (43d Regiment) will be found in
the artillery group of the three years' commands, inasmuch as the batteries
never served with the Reserve Corps, but were assigned, as occasion
required, to co-operate with numerous other bodies of troops.
♦These veterans participated, as part of the Third Brigade, Third Division, Fifth
Corps, in the battles of Charles City Court House, Petersburg, Weldon Railroad and
Hatcher's Run, Five Forks and Appomattox.
tGen. Thomas Leiper Kane was born in Philadelphia, January 27th, 1822. He
founded the town of Kane, Pa., and in 1861 recruited the ist Bucktail Regiment
(42d Pennsylvania Volunteers). He was promoted to brigadier-general June 7th,
1862, and to brevet major-general March 13th, 1865. At Gettysburg, although
on sick leave, he led his brigade. Gen. Kane was wounded in two battles and was
captured at Harrisonburg. He died December 26th, 1883.
74
FIFTY=SIXTH REQIMENT INFANTRY
Colonel Sullivan A. Meredith to November 29th, 1862.
Colonel J. William Hofmann to March 7th, 1865.
Colonel Henry A. Laycock to July ist, 1865.
Total Enrollment, About 1,600 Officers and Men.
THIS regiment was formed from companies raised chiefly in the
northern counties of the State. Two of its three colonels were
citizens of Philadelphia, as were also twelve of its field and
company officers and many of its rank and file. The "56th" was
mustered in at Camp Curtin, upon September ist, 1861, and remained at
Harrisburg until March 8th, 1862. Its early active service was in the
vicinity of Washington and along the lower Potomac River. Upon
August 9th, 1862, near Fredericksburg, the command was assigned to
Doubleday's Brigade, King's Division, McDowell's First Corps. At
Rappahannock Station the "56th" had its first encounter with the enemy.
Col. Meredith being among those wounded. A second engagement fell
to the "s6th" in the same vicinity the following day. At South Moun-
tain Lieut.-Col. Hofmann commanded the brigade, the regiment being
in command of Capt. Fred. Williams. In the difficult but successful
charge up the mountain many of the men were killed or wounded. At
Antietam the regiment lost comparatively few. Two weeks later, on the
way south, the enemy was routed out of the way at Union, Va. In this
affair the regiment lost fifteen. Lieut.-Col. Hofmann resumed com-
mand upon November nth. In the Fredericksburg advance of Decem-
ber the regiment escaped casualties, although under artillery fire. A
period of inactivity followed the never-to-be-forgotten "mud march,"
ending with the opening of the Chancellorsville campaign planned by
Gen. Hooker. This long interval in its comfortable camp of log huts
at the mouth of the Potomac Creek was always regarded by the men of
the "56th" as the most enjoyable of their experiences, with just enough
of drilling to keep the men in good shape.
Lieut.-Col. Hofmann was promoted to the colonelcy, and the "s6th"
took the field in 1863 with twenty-one officers and two hundred and
eighty-nine enlisted men. At Pollock's Mills, Chancellorsville and
Brandy Station the regiment repeatedly proved its effectiveness under
fire. The march to Pennsylvania began upon June 25th. The "56th"
was only second to the "76th" New York in the column of the First
Corps, but was first in position upon the morning of July ist, 1863,
75
76
and secured the honor of opening the battle of Gettysburg.* With-
the heroic First Corps the regiment made the splendid first day's fight,
sharing the glory and vicissitudes of that fateful day with the Eleventh
Corps, holding the swarming lines of the enemy in check until reinforced.
The morning of the 2d found the "56th" with Wadsworth's depleted
division, holding the crest of Gulp's Hill, repelling the desperate as-
saults of the Confederate left wing, including that made, late in the
day, near the cemetery. The regiment was called upon, late in
the afternoon of the 3d, to support the artillery at the cemetery, but
the battle had ended. The losses of the "56th" were one officer and
sixteen men killed or mortally wounded ; five officers and fifty-three men
wounded; one officer and fifty-four men captured or missing, out of
seventeen officers and two hundred and thirty-five men in action. Nearly
all of the casualties occurred upon July ist. In the course of the fol-
lowing month Col. Hofmann brought from Philadelphia a considerable
accession of recruits. Without further important fighting the "s6th"
entered upon camp routine through the following winter. In March
the veterans re-enlisted with the usual joyful holiday period at home.
The command returned to camp upon April 20th, 1864. Two weeks
later began the series of fierce conflicts in the Wilderness, a deadly
month of constant sorties, assaults and marches, with almost daily losses
of comrades by bullet, shell or capture. Upon June i6th the army crossed
the James River and coiled about Petersburg. In September the old
First Corps was consolidated into a division and assigned to the Fifth
Corps. Col. Hofmann, having been breveted brigadier-general, Lieut.-
Col. George B. Osborn was promoted as colonel, but soon afterward re-
tired from the service. The next commander of the "56th" was Lieut.-
Col. John T. Jack. Its last commander was Lieut.-Col. Henry A. Lay-
ccck, under whom the regiment shared the trials and triumphs of the
closing months of a struggle so needlessly prolonged.
The muster out took place July loth, 1865, at Philadelphia.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed officers, 5 ; men, 73
Wounded " 26 ; " 329
Captured or missing " 2 ; " 178
BATTLES AND ENGAGEMENTS.
Rappahannock Station, Sulphur Springs, Gainesville, Groveton, Second Bull
Run, South Mountain, Antietam, Union, Upperville, Fredericksburg, Pollock's Mills,
Chancellorsville, Brandy Station, Gettysburg, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spotsylvania,
North Anna, Totopotomoy, Bethesda Church, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Weldon
Road, Poplar Spring Church, Hatcher's Run, Dabney's Mill, Boydton Road, White
Oak Road, Five Forks, Appomattox Court House.
*An exception must be made in favor of Buford's Cavalry regiments, which
were engaged in skirmishing with the Confederate advance before the arrival of
any of the First Corps.
FIFTY-EIQHTH REGIMENT INFANTRY
Colonel J. Richter Jones to May 23d, 1863.
Colonel Carlton B. Curtis to July 2d, 1863.
LiEUT.-CoLONEL Cecil Clay to January 24th, 1866.
(Philadelphia Companies A, B, C, D and K.)
Total Enrollment, 850 Officers and Men.
THIS regiment was formed on February 13th, 1862, by the
union of two partially organized regiments, one of which was
being raised in Philadelphia and the other at Camp Curtin, Har-
risburg. The Philadelphia companies, which had been encamped
at Roxboro, proceeded by steamer to Fortress Monroe, the left wing
joining them, by rail and steamer, at that point. The command arrived
at Camp Hamilton, on Hampton Roadstead, on the day of the naval
battle between the Monitor and the Merrimac.
The "58th" formed part of the column, under Gen. Wool, which
occupied Norfolk and Portsmouth. Through the balance of the year the
regiment was employed in guard duty, reconnoissances and work upon
the forts in that section. On January 5th, 1863, the regiment embarked
with the expedition under Major-Gen. J. G. Foster (i8th Army Corps)
to New Berne, N. C. The troops entrenched eight miles westward, be-
tween the Neuse and Trent Rivers. From this base frequent advances
were made, with attendant skirmishing. In one of these, undertaken on
May 22d, at Batchelor's Creek Station, Col. Jones was killed.* Under
command of Col. Curtis the "58th" was ordered to Washington, N. C,
and, with other troops, held the post, in the face of frequent attacks,
until withdrawn, late in April, 1864. The "58th" was now assigned to
the Eighteenth Corps, which operated south of the James River with the
army of Major-Gen. Benjamin F. Butler. In May the Eighteenth Corps,
under Gen. W. F. Smith, joined the Army of the Potomac. A portion of
the regiment, including Companies B, D and K, of Philadelphia, took
part in a gallant charge at Cold Harbor on June ist. During the severe
battle at this place, on the 3d, the "s8th" drove the enemy from his
rifle pits, holding the position, under deadly fire until re-enforced. The
Eighteenth Corps was now returned, by transports, to Bermuda Hundred,
on the James River, and the investment of Petersburg began. The
veterans of the regiment who had re-enlisted were sent upon furlough to
Philadelphia on June 24th. They returned to camp with numerous recruits
on August 25th. The arms of the regiment were, at this time, exchanged
♦Writing from Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, on January 13th, 1862, Col. Jones
urged an official friend at Washington to induce the Secretary of War to send the
S8th Regiment on this expedition, as the command wanted active service.
n
78
for new Springfield rifles. On the night of September 28th portions of
the Tenth and Eighteenth Corps, under Major-Gen. E. O. C. Ord, crossed
to the north side of the James River and, in the morning, advanced to-
ward Richmond. The "58th," under Major Charles A. Winn, and the
i88th Pennsylvania Regiment, Major F. H. Reichard, were formed for
the assault upon Fort Harrison, one of the most formidable of the de-
fensive works around the Confederate capital. The charge across open,
rising ground and the capture of the works is recorded as one of the
most brilliant episodes of the war. Six of the nine officers of the "sSth"
and one hundred and twenty-eight, out of the two hundred and twenty-
eight men in line, were killed or wounded. The loss of the "i88th" was
also very heavy. After the arrival of additional troops the survivors of
the two regiments were sent into another fight, at the left, close to the
James River, where the field was in range of the enemy's gunboats.
This movement, which failed, again cost the assailants large loss. Re-
peated assaults upon Fort Harrison were made by the Confederates the
next day, but the citadel was held. The "58th" participated in further
affairs, in the autumn, eastward of Richmond. On November 19th Capt.
Cecil Clay, of Company K, promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel,
was placed in command. The regiment was active in the final campaign
which resulted in the fall of Petersburg and Richmond. The regiment
was retained in service, under the direction of the Freedman's Bureau,
for provost duty in tidewater Virginia.* It was finally mustered out at
City Point on January 24th, 1866, the last of the fighting infantry regi-
ments of the Keystone State to stack arms, fold its colors and return
to civilian life.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died from wounds officers, 6; men, 68
Died from disease " 6; " 139
BATTLES AND CAMPAIGNS.
Occupation of Norfolk, Sufifolk, New Berne, Cove Creek, Sandy Ridge, Kinston,
Wise's Cross Roads, Dover Road, Kinston (April 28th, 1863), Gum Swamp,
Batchelor's Creek. On duty at Washington. Advance on Neuse River roadj
Blounts' Creek, Butler's Campaign, James River, Fort Darling, Drewr/s Bluff,
Bermuda Hundred, Cold Harbor. Siege of Petersburg and Richmond, including
Hare's Hill, Chapin's Farm, New Market Heights, Fair Oaks. Expedition to
Fredericksburg (March, 1865). Signal Hill, near Richmond. Occupation of Rich-
mond.
♦Service of this character was peculiarly distasteful to the Union regiments,
being devoid of the excitements and ardor of campaigning. The men were scat-
tered in detachments over large sections, the inhabitants of which naturally re-
garded them as oppressors and enemies, this requiring great self-control upon
the part of the rank and file. The "sSth" is credited, however, in having made
many friends while on provost duty, and they certainly enforced order where it
was sorely needed.
SIXTY=FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY
Colonel Oliver H. Rippey to May 31st, 1862*
Colonel George C. Spear to May 3d, 1863.
Colonel George F. Smith to September 7th, 1864.
Colonel Robert L. Orr to June 28th, 1865.
Philadelphia Companies G, H and I.
Total Enrollment, 500 Officers and Men.
THIS regiment was formed at Pittsburgh, being hastened to
Washington, when not fully recruited, on March ist, 1862.
Companies M, O, P and R of the 23d (Pennsylvania) Regi-
ment, enlisted between August 12th and September 4th, 1861,
were transferred to the 6ist, thus filling the command to maximum
strength.f The regiment was assigned to the First Brigade, First
Division, Fourth Corps, then commanded by Major-Gen. Erasmus D.
Keyes. The "6ist" participated in the Peninsular movement upon York-
town, Williamsburg and Richmond. In its first important encounter
with the enemy, at Fair Oaks, May 31st, 1862, the regiment suffered
almost unprecedented losses. Eleven officers and two hundred and
ninety-nine enlisted men were killed or wounded or were missing.
Col. Rippey* was among the dead, Lieut.-Col. Spear (wounded) and
Major Smith were among the captured. The command now devolved
on Capt. Robert L. Orr, of Company H, who posted the regiment on
the new line, occupying the field of the battle. Almost daily here and
near Seven Pines the regiment skirmished to the 28th, then moving in
the "change of base" to Malvern Hill and Harrison's Landing. The
Four.th Corps was withdrawn from the James River late in August,
moving to Centreville, Washington and the Maryland shore of the
Potomac River. The "6ist" reached Antietam upon the evening of Sep-
tember 17th, assisting in the running fights with the retreating Con-
federates. Lieut.-Col. Spear had been exchanged, and, upon return, was
promoted to command. In October the division was transferred to the
Sixth Corps, with which the regiment was engaged at the first (Burnside)
*Col. Rippey, a veteran of the Mexican War, had served in the three-months'
campaign as Lieut.-Col. of the 7th Regiment. George C. Spear was promoted
as Lieut.-Col. from the rank of junior major of the 23d. The Continental Guard,
which had been raised by Capt. Spear prior to his promotion, was the first company
which left Philadelphia for the South. George F. Smith, commissioned major,
was promoted from the rank of captain in the 49th Regiment.
tThe companies thus transferred became G, H and I in the "6ist." They
were commanded as follows: Company G, Capts. John W. Crosby, William M.
Dawson, Vincent P. Donnelly, John Barrett and Charles H. Bewley; Company H,
Capt. Robert L. Orr ; Company I, Capts. George W. Mindil and Charles S. Greene.
79
8o
assault at Fredericksburg, December 13th, 1862. In February, 1863, the
"6ist" was placed in a light brigade of the Sixth Corps.
At the second battle of Fredericksburg, on May 3d, 1863, the "61 st"
was selected as the "forlorn hope" to open the fight for the possession of
the hills. The regiment made the desperate charge, gaining Marye's
Heights and captured two guns from the Washington Artillery of New
Orleans, the first ever lost by that famous battery. The command now
devolved, in the absence of other field officers, upon Major George W.
Dawson. Following this charge the "6ist" was immediately sent to
again meet the enemy at Salem Heights, with further severe punish-
ment. Under the third Colonel (Smith) the "6ist" made, with the
Sixth Corps, the famous forced march to Gettysburg. The light brigade
to which the "6ist" was attached (Neill's) was sent to reinforce the
Twelfth Corps at the extreme right of the line. The regiment was not,
therefore, seriously engaged. The regiment wintered at Brandy Station.
In the spring (1864) the command was recruited to five hundred men.
From the opening of the Wilderness Campaign, upon May 5th, to its
close, less than six weeks later, the regimental loss was (according to
Bates' History) in killed, wounded and missing, about thirty officers and
four hundred men. In early July the Sixth Corps was suddenly hurried
from the front of Petersburg to Washington, once more imperiled by
the restless enemy. In the resulting clash at Fort Stevens and the pur-
suit, further loss of officers and men reduced the thin line of survivors.
The term of service expired on September 3d, 1864. Under Col. Smith
the regiment returned to Pittsburgh. The veterans and recruits were
formed into five companies as the "Sixty-first Battalion." Subsequently,
Col. Smith returned to the command. Of the original Philadelphia en-
listed men, seventeen re-enlisted. In its last fight Lieut.-Col. John W.
Crosby, formerly captain of Company G, lost his life.
The records of the Adjutant-General, War Department (as shown by
a report of April 4th, 1888) indicate a total regimental loss, from all
causes, of nine hundred and thirty-two officers and men. The "6ist"
lost more officers, killed, than any other regiment in the Union Army.*
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed officers, 2 ; men, 27
Wounded " 2; " 36
Died of disease " 12
Captured " S
BATTLES AND ENGAGEMENTS.
Fair Oaks, Malvern Hill, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Marye's Heights, Salem
Heights, Gettysburg, Rappahannock Station, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor,
Petersburg, Fort Stevens, Opequon, Fisher's Hill, Cedar Creek, Petersburg, Sailor's
Creek, Appomattox C. H. (surrender).
'''"Regimental Losses," Fox.
UNION VOLUNTEER HOSPITAL.
Adjoining the old Navy Yard.
COOPER SHOP SOLDIERS' HOME, Race and Crown Streets.
STATE ARSENAL, S. E. COR. OF SIXTEENTH AND FILBERT STREETS.
'Z^-^-'
r
TT-n
I''' '„ • S ' , ^r 8 L
F> Y |4r ^1 It- Is I ,.}J. i I. 'lil
BROAD STREET U. S. GENERAL HOSPITAL.
On the site of present Parkway Building, Broad and Cherry Streets.
SIXTY=SIXTH REGIMENT INFANTRY
Colonel Alfred W. Chantry to January i8th, 1862.
Colonel John Patrick to February 6th, 1862.
THIS organization, which was recruited in May and June, 1861,
was declined by the State authorities upon the ground that
the city's quota had been filled. Its officers received au-
thority from the Secretary of War to proceed with their work,
and upon June 13th were notified that if the regiment was fully rfe-
cruited and uniformed within ten days it would be mustered in. In
order that the command might comply with this condition a patriotic
citizen, Benjamin L. Berry, guaranteed the cost of the uniforms. The
repeated delays and discouragements, however, resulted in the with-
drawal of many of the men. The recruits were barracked at the Girard
House, and later, at the building adjoining the Custom House. In
August the command was mustered in at its camp in Camac's Woods.
The urgent need of more troops in the vicinity of Washington
prompted the Government to call for many organizations still in the
course of formation. When, on August 24th, Col. Chantry's com-
mand left for the front it consisted of a battalion of five companies.
At Washington these companies were assigned to the first of three
brigades constituting a provisional division under the command of
Gen. Fitz John Porter. Additional recruits were sent on from Phila-
delphia, and the adjutant's report of October loth showed a total strength
of six hundred and twenty officers and men.* The regiment was known,
up to this period, as the "30th."
In September it was sent to the command of Gen. Banks, at which
time it was 'finally recognized as a part of the Pennsylvania contingent
and numbered as the "66th." Upon January i8th, 1862, Col. Chantry
was relieved and Lieut-Col. Patrick was commissioned to succeed him.
Three weeks later this officer and a number of the company officers re-
signed. Upon March ist, by order of Governor Curtin, the regiment
was disbanded. Companies A and G were assigned to the 99th Regi-
ment. Companies B, C and D were transferred to the 73d Regiment.
Companies E, F and K were distributed among the companies of the
"73d." The subsequent records of the companies and men thus dis-
posed of prove that the "66th" was composed of good fighting material
whjch had been badly handled, through no fault of its men in the
process of becoming soldiers of the Union.
*Bates' History, Vol. 2.
6 81
SIXTY=SEVENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY
Colonel John F. Staunton to September 4th, 1864.
Colonel John C. Carpenter to July 14th, 1865.
Philadelphia Companies, B, E and I.
Total Enrollment, 360 Officers and Men.
THE "67th" was one of the semi-Philadelphia regiments, the
greater part of its recruits coming from nine of the northern
and western counties. Authority for its formation was issued
upon July 24th, 1861, by the Secretary of War. Col. Staun-
ton, three of his field officers and twelve company officers were Phila-
delphians. The regiment was soon located in camp at Camac's Woods,
where it remained until April 3d, 1862, when it was ordered to guard
duty at Annapolis, Md., and at Camp Parole, near that point.
In February, 1863, the "67th" was moved to Harper's Ferry, and
later was stationed, under Gen. Robert H. Milroy, at Berryville, Va., to
patrol the lower Shenandoah Valley and its gaps. Upon June 15th, 1863,
the regiment was cut off from the main column by a large Confederate
force, near Winchester, and was captured, with the exception of about
seventy-five men. The officers were detained in prison a year, but the
enlisted men were exchanged in, October.
While in camp at Brandy Station a large proportion of the men
re-enlisted. Three hundred and fifty rank and file, with their officers,
were sent home on furlough. Upon return to duty the veterans were
stationed at Port Royal and White House, Va.
In June the recruits, who had been with the 135th Regiment (Penn-
sylvania), rejoined the "67th" in front of Petersburg, taking part in
an affair at Reams' Station. The third Confederate advance into Mary-
land caused the transfer of the Third Division of the Sixth Corps by
transports to Baltimore, and by rail, to checkmate Early. This move-
ment ended, the Sixth Corps became a part of Sheridan's force, meeting
the enemy again at Winchester on September 19th, 1864 (Opequon),
and subsequently driving Early out of the defences at Fisher's Hill (Sep-
tember 22d, 1864), and far to the southward.
Near Strasburg, Va., a month later, the "67th" was identified with
the battle of Cedar Creek, which was made famous by the stirring
war poem (T. Buchanan Reid), "Sheridan's Ride."
At the end of the year the Sixth Corps was returned to the army
in front of Petersburg, the "67th" participating in the siege and for-,
ward movement which ended at Appomattox, after which it marched
with the column sent on to Danville, a precautionary measure, which
was ended by Johnston's surrender upon April 26th. The last com-
82
83
mander of the regimental remnant was Captain John C. Carpenter, of
Company E. One Philadelphia officer, Capt. William E. Tucker, died
from wounds while in the field.
TOTAL LOSSES. (Philadelphia Companies.)
From wounds and disease ofBoers, i ; men, 55
BATTLES.
Winchester, pursuit of Lee's army after Gettysburg, Wapping Heights, Rappa-
hannock, Bristoe Campaign, Kelly's Ford, Brandy Station, Mine Run, Payne's
Farm, Rapidan, White House, Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court House, assault on
the Salient, North Anna, Totopotomoy, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Reams' Station,
Monocacy, Charlestown, Opequon, Winchester, Fisher's Hill, Cedar Creek, siege of
Petersburg, Appomattox Campaign.
SIXTY=EIQHTH REGIMENT INFANTRY
Colonel Andrew H. Tippen.
Philadelphia Companies A, B, C, D, E, F, G and K.
Total Enrollment, 1,049 Officers and Men.
WHEN Col. Tippen undertook the organization of this regi-
ment it attracted many of the officers and enlisted men of
the 20th Regiment, of the three months' service, in which Col.
Tippen had ranked as major. This experienced officer had
seen service in Mexico as a lieutenant in the regular infantry. Lieut.-Col.
Anthony H. Reynolds, Major Thomas Hawksworth, Major Robert E.
Winslow and Capt. Michael Fulmer were also veterans of the Mexican
campaign. The "68th" was, with good reason, known as the "Scott Legion
Regiment." The regimental camp was located in Frankford, Philadel-
phia. Company H was raised at Pottstown and Company I in Chester
County.
The urgent need of more troops resulted in the muster of the
regiment upon September 2d, 1862, and its immediate departure for
Washington, where it was encamped upon Arlington Heights. Early in
October the "68th" was sent to guard Conrad's Ferry, on the upper
Potomac River. Soon afterward a detachment of about forty men, guard-
ing the regimental baggage, was captured. Under the Burnside regime
the "68th" was assigned to Robinson's Brigade, Birney's Division, Third
Corps. At Fredericksburg, December 13th, 1862, the regiment exper-
ienced its first battle in support of artillery. Major Hawksworth was
mortally wounded and Lieut. Joseph E. Davis was killed. About forty
of the enlisted men were killed or wounded. At Chancellorsville the
regiment met with severe fighting and additional losses, capturing a
stand of colors and a number of prisoners. In this battle Captains
84
James Shields and John D. Paulding were mortally wounded. Sickles'
Third Corps reached Gettysburg from Emmittsburg upon the evening
of July 1st, the "68th" taking position just east of the Peach Orchard.
Here, upon the 2d, it was exposed to continuous artillery fire, and, at
sunset, was involved in the terrific fighting on Sickles' front, resulting
in a retreat of the survivors to the new line near Little Round Top.
Here the regiment was held in reserve upon the 3d, with some additional
losses. The regimental casualties in this battle were four officers killed
or mortally wounded, thirty-four men killed or mortally wounded, nine
officers and one hundred and seventeen men wounded, thirteen men cap-
tured. The officers who lost their lives were Capt. George W. McLearn
and Lieutenants Andrew Black, John Reynolds and Lewis W. Ealer.
Upon the return to Virginia the "68th" was engaged at Wapping Heights
and, on October 14th, at Auburn. Col. Tippen was taken prisoner at
the latter affair and was absent, at Libby Prison, nine months, during
which time Lieut.-Col. Robert E. Winslow commanded. Hard fighting
and heavy marching signalized the closing weeks of 1863. Capt. Milton
S. Young was killed at Locust Grove on November 27th. With the
opening of the campaign of 1864 the "68th" went with that portion of
the Third Corps which was consolidated with the Second Corps, then
commanded by Gen. Hancock. In April the "68th" was selected as
provost guard at the headquarters of Gen. Meade, under the immediate
command of the Provost General of the Army, an honor which did not,
however, absolve it from reserve duty upon the battle line. Col. Tippen
was exchanged and resumed command upon June 26th. Headquarters
duty occupied the regiment during the balance of its stay in Virginia, a
detachment being stationed at City Point. In the last charge upon the
enemy's lines at Petersburg the "68th" was with the storming party,
losing Major John C. Gallagher, mortally wounded, and a number of
officers and men. At Sailor's Creek, upon April 6th, 1865, the Confed-
erate General Ewell and his force were captured. The "68th" was
detailed to guard the officers, about six hundred in all, to City Point.
While en route the prisoners were informed, much to their dismay, that
Gen. Lee had surrendered. The regiment returned to the headquarters
in charge of six thousand recruits, being then sent, in company with
the 143d Pennsylvania Regiment, to Hart's Island prison camp, near
New York, for guard duty. Here the regiment remained until mus-
tered out June 9th, 1865.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died from wounds officers, 10; men, 58
Died of disease or other causes " 51
Wounded, not mortally " 15 ; " 190
Captured or missing " 3 ; " 100
BATTLES AND ENGAGEMENTS.
Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wapping Heights, Auburn, Kelly's
Ford, Mine Run, Wilderness, Guinea's Station, Petersburg.
THE "CALIFORNIA" REGIMENTS, LATER KNOWN AS THE
PHILADELPHIA BRIGADE
SELDOM, among the records of American soldiery, have the un-
certainties of official procedure been more strikingly illustrated
than in the case of the four so-called "California" regiments of
1861, which were destined to win fame and glory as the "Phila-
delphia Brigade."*
Early in May, 1861, a number of citizens of the Pacific coast, who
were in Washington, decided that California ought to be represented in
the Army of the Union upon the Atlantic slope, and to that end urged
Edward D. Baker, then United States Senator from Oregon, to form
a regiment in the East to the credit of that distant State. Senator
Baker decided to undertake the task provided that he be allowed to
enlist men for three years. At the instance of the President, the Secre-
tary of War addressed Senator Baker as follows : "You are authorized
to raise for the service of the United States a regiment of troops (in-
fantry), with yourself as colonel, to be taken as a portion of any troops
that may be called from the State of California by the United States,
and to be known as the 'California Regiment.' Orders will be issued to
the mustering officer in New York to muster the same into service as
presented." t
Senator Edward D. Baker was, at this time, a striking figure among
the great men of the nation. He was fifty years old, and of commanding
appearance and great eloquence. Born in London, Eng-land, he had
emigrated in 181 5, with his father's family, to Philadelphia, where his
father taught school, and the future United States Senator found, when
old enough, work as a weaver in a mill near Eleventh and Christian
streets. When he was nineteen years old the Baker family moved to
Illinois, where his career ran parallel with that of his friend and some-
time opponent, Abraham Lincoln. Thus, in time, Baker became a
Congressman, forsaking this honor to lead a regiment in the war with
Mexico. Upon his return he was again sent to Congress from Illinois,
after which he became associated with Isaac J. Wistar, of Philadelphia,
in a law firm at San Francisco. It was largely due to his influence
that California was held against secession intrigue. In December, i860.
Col. Baker found himself once more in Washington, as the first Senator
*0n April 21st, 1861, a meeting of citizens of California was held at the Me-
tropolitan Hotel in New York City, Senator Edward D. Baker being one of the
vice-presidents. Resolutions were adopted "to raise a regiment composed of men
from the Pacific coast and others who might choose to join."
tThe Union force of actual Californians comprised eight regiments of infantry,
two regiments and one battalion of cavalry and a battalion of mountaineers, all
of which were engaged throughout the war in maintaining order in the Depart-
ment of the Pacific.
85
86
from the new State of Oregon. When, a few months later, the oppor-
tunity came to him to again assume the sword, he looked to New
York city for the material of his projected regiment. Mr. Wistar, an
old Indian fighter, advised him, however, to depend upon Philadelphia,
and the latter, who became one of his officers, began recruiting here. As
a result, of the ten companies raised, nine were from Philadelphia and
one from New York city. As fast as companies were formed they were
sent to New York city for muster and to camp at Fort Schuyler. They
were regarded as a part of the regular army. They were uniformed in
gray suits, which had been confiscated in New York when just ready
to be shipped to a Confederate artillery regiment. The "First California
Regiment" paraded in Philadelphia upon June 29th, 1861, many people
supposing the men to be actual California soldiers. After a brief stay
at Suffolk Park they were sent south. While in camp at Washington
the regiment was increased to fifteen companies, the accessions coming
from Philadelphia. Senator John C. Breckenridge tried to induce a
revolt in the camp during the absence of Col. Baker, but the eloquence
of their leader, upon his return, prevailed.
In October, 1861, by authority of the President, Col. Baker increased
his command to a brigade. The additional regiments thus credited to
California were those of Colonels Owen, Baxter and Morehead, all
from Philadelphia, respectively designated the 2d, 3d and Sth California
Regiments. The 4th California Regiment, as planned, was composed of
artillery and cavalry. These troops were soon detached. After the
unfortunate affair at Ball's Bluff, in which Col. Baker was killed, the
State of Pennsylvania claimed these four splendid infantry regiments
as a part of its quota, and they became known as "the Philadelphia
Brigade," Pennsylvania Volunteers. The gray uniforms of the initial
regiment, then designated the 71st Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers,
had been discarded for the Union blue, and the men were no longer in
danger of being mistaken by their comrades for Confederates. Under
the command of Brig.-Gen. W. W. Burns, they were now identified with
Gen. Sedgwick's Division of the Second Corps.
The Philadelphia Brigade was unique in the history of the Civil War
as the only organization of its kind coming from a single city of the
North. The story of its achievements and losses forms one of the
most brilliant pages in the annals of our citizen soldiery of the patriotic
Quaker City.
On July 1st, 2d and 3d, 1887, the veteran Confederates of Pickett's Division
were the guests of the Philadelphia Brigade at Gettysburg, where these former
enemies met in the first assemblage of the kind on record.
Again, on July 3d, 1913, a stirring incident of the semi-centennial week at
Gettysburg, the few survivors of these historic combatants met at "the stonewall."
In token of this final meeting each participant was given a medal provided at
the- instance of Hon. John Wanamaker.
SIXTY=NINTH REQIMENT INFANTRY
CoLONEi, Joshua T. Owen to November 29th, 1862
CoLONEi, Dennis O'Kane to July 3rd, 1863.
LiEUT.-CoL. William Davis to July ist, 1865.
Total Enrollment, 1,715 Officers and Men.
THE basis of this regiment was a body of Irish-American
militia known as the Second Regiment, Second Brigade, First
Division Pennsylvania Militia, out of which the 24th Regiment
was formed for the three months enlistment, under Col.
Joshua T. Owen.* At the conclusion of this service Col. Owen
speedily organized a new regiment of ten companies which was accepted
by the Government and mustered in by Col. Edward D. Baker as
the "Second California" Regiment, August 19th, 1861. Subsequently,
two companies of Zouaves taiown as the "Baker Guards" were added
to the command.
The regiment was located at Camp Owen, Haddington, until
September 17th, when it proceeded to Washington, where the men were
promptly placed at work upon construction of defences on Virginia soil.
The "69th," now with Sumner's Second Corps, placed its first battle
upon its flag at Yorktown, and to that "Fair Oaks" was added a few
weeks later.
In the McClellan movement around Richmond, following the battle
of Gaines' Mill, the "69th" won fame by a spirited onslaught upon the
Confederate line at Glendale, in support of the Pennsylvania Reserve
Corps, an action pronounced by Gen. Hooker, who directed it, to
have been "the first successful bayonet charge of the war." Ofttimes,
on other fields, the "69th" demonstrated its Celtic superiority in the
use of the bayonet. At Antietam the regiment lost heavily. In Novem-
ber, 1862, Col. Owen became brigade commander and Lieut.-Col.
Dennis O'Kane was promoted to the colonelcy. At Fredericksburg, in
December, the "69th" was in the thick of the fight, losing fifty-one
officers and men killed, wounded or captured. At Chancellorsville the
"69th" assisted in covering the retreat. The Philadelphia Brigade marched
with the Second Corps from Uniontown, Maryland, to Gettysburg, a
distance of twenty miles, arriving upon the field late on July ist.
♦Joshua Thomas Owen was a native of Wales. He graduated in and prac-
ticed law in Philadelphia and established with his brother the Chestnut Hill
School for Boys. He served as a private of the First Troop, P. C. C, in the
three months' campaign, following which he helped to organize the 69th Regiment
Infantry. He was promoted as brigadier-general for gallant conduct at the
battle of Glendale, June 30th, 1862. After the war he became a legal publisher.
Died November 7th, 1887.
87
lEtere the brigade was placed in the Union center upon Cemetery Ridge.
At this point, on the evening of July 2d, a charge of the Confederate
line, following Sickles' fight, was handsomely repulsed. The assault
upon Rickett's guns at the right, occurring at about the same hour,
resulting in the bloody repulse of the "Louisiana Tigers," has attracted
far more historic attention. All day, July 3d, the "69th" with the "71st"
and "726" Regiments and two companies of the "io6th" lay upon the
battle line while the artillery fought its Titantic duel. Here, at the
"copse of trees" was the center of the storm. At three o'clock the
long, gray line of Pickett's men was seen advancing across the valley.
The "flying wedge" of this heroic force headed straight for the stone
wall. From the awful melee around the guns of Wheeler and Cushing
the Philadelphia Brigade wrested victory.
Out of two hundred and fifty-eight officers and men in this scene
of carnage the "69th" lost six officers and thirty-six men killed, seven
officers and seventy-six men wounded, two officers and sixteen men
taken prisoners. Among the slain were Col. Dennis O'Kane and
Lieut.-Col. Martin Tschudy.
The remnant of the "69th" under Capt. William Davis, of Com-
pany K, was returned to Virginia, where there was more work to do.
In March, 1864, the survivors re-enlisted, and after a splendid
reception at Philadelphia, returned, with Lieut.-Col. William Webb in
command, to the old fighting ground, battling, in Hancock's Corps,
through the Wilderness, at Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor and Petersburg.
Here the "io6th" (originally the "Fifth California") was merged as
a separate battalion with the "69th." At Reams Station Lieut.-Col.
Davis was wounded and Major Patrick S. Tinen took command.
In February, March and April, 1865, the regiment shared in the
battles of the final campaign, and in its last fight, at High Bridge,
Virginia, witnessed the death of Gen. Thomas A. Smyth of Phila-
delphia, the last brigade commander to fall in the course of the war.
This gallant officer began his military career as captain of Company
H of the old "24th." Soon afterward the men who had re-enlisted
and the recruits were transferred to the 183d Regiment.
The balance of the regiment was mustered out on July ist, 1865.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died from wounds officers, 12; men 166
Died from disease " 3 ; " no
Wounded " 31 ; " 315
Captured or missing " 4; " 181
BATTLES.
Yorktown, Fair_ Oaks, Peach Orchard, Savage Station, Glendale, Malvern
Hill, Chantilly, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Kelly's
Ford, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomoy, Cold Har-
bor, Petersburg, Strawberry Plain, Deep Bottom, Reams' Station, Boydton Road,
Dabne/s Mill, Hatcher's Run, Appomattox Court House.
SEVENTY=FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY
Colonel Edward D. Baker to October 21st, iJ:?6i.
Colonel Isaac J. Wistar to November 29th, 1862.
Colonel R. Penn Smith to July 2d, 1864.
Total Enrollment, 1,665 Officers and Men*
THE story of the formation of this command as the "ist Cali-
fornia" Regiment has been outlined upon preceding pages. Soon
after the death of Col. Edward D. Baker at Ball's Bluff, a lament-
able affair in which the regiment lost heavily, the brigade was
claimed as a part of its quota by the State of Pennsylvania and was so
credited. The four commands were designated the "69th," the "71st,"
"72d" and "io6th" Regiments, and became the "Philadelphia Brigade,"
Pennsylvania Infantry. Upon recovery from his wounds, inflicted at Ball's
Bluff, Lieut.-Col. Isaac J. Wistar became colonel of the "71st." Brig. -Gen.
The neglected little military cemetery at Ball's Bluff.
W. W. Burns commanded the brigade, which was attached to Sedgwick's
Division of the Second Corps. Early in 1862 the "71st" was engaged
under Gen. N. P. Banks in West Virginia. The Philadelphia Brigade
was soon transferred to the Virginia peninsula, where Gen. McClellan
was operating against the enemy at Yorktown and Williamsburg. The
Union advance was pushed to within sight of Richmond. At Fair Oaks
the "71st" was engaged in constant fighting and skirmishing for four
weeks. After the battle of Gaines Mills the "change of base" from the
*A portion of this regiment was recruited at Odd Fellows' Hall, Frankford.
89
90
Chickahominy River to the James River developed several attacks upon
the army's endless wagon trains, in the course of which the regiment
participated in four battles, making repeated charges and losing many
ofidcers and men before resting at Malvern Hill. At Harrison's Landing,
upon the James River, five companies, L, M, N, P and R, were disbanded,
the men being assigned to the depleted original ten companies. The
scene of action was now transferred to the region in front of Wash-
ington, resulting in the battles of Chantilly and the Second Bull Run,
where the "71st" assisted in covering the rear of Pope's retreat. In the
northward movement which checked the Confederates at Antietam, Brig.-
Gen. O. O. Howard commanded the Philadelphia Brigade. The "71st"
left upon the field of Antietam one-third of its strength. In the Fred-
ericksburg campaign, nearly three months later, the regiment, led to
fruitless sacrifice by Lieut.-Col. John Markoe, was again a heavy loser.
The survivors fought again, under Hooker, at Fredericksburg, after
which they wintered in camp at Falmouth. The Second Corps, under
Maj.-Gen. Hancock was sent, in June, 1863, to Pennsylvania. The "71st"
was now under command of Col. Richard Penn Smith. Arriving at
Gettysburg the regiment was placed in the center of the battle-line.
Upon the afternoon of July 2d the brigade became involved in a charge
during the attack upon Gen. Sickles' position, but the supreme test of
its endurance was reserved for the final scene. It was just at this point
that the "high-water line" of the great Rebellion is now fittingly marked.
Here the gray billow broke against the solid wall of the Army of the
Potomac, never to return. At Gettysburg the regiment lost ninety-
eight officers and men. Following the retreating enemy back to the
soil of Virginia, the Second Corps fought, through the autumn, over
long-familiar ground. The "71st" wintered at Stevensburg. When the
army resumed operations in May, 1864, Lieut.-Col. C. Kochersperger
was in command. He was wounded at the battle of the Wilderness.
Capt. Mitchell Smith, who succeeded him, was killed at Spotsylvania.'
At Cold Harbor the regiment made its last stand. It was now entitled
to discharge. The veterans and recruits were transferred to the "69th"
Regiment. One hundred and fifty-three men returned to Philadelphia
and were mustered out on July 2d, 1864.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died from wounds officers, 14; men, 147
Died from disease or other causes " i ; " 98
Wounded " 24; " 372
Captured or missing " 10; " 320
BATTLES.
Falls Church, Poolesville, Ball's Bluff, Fair Oaks, Peach Orchard, Savage
Station, Glendale, Antietam, Fredericksburg (1862), Fredericksburg (1863), Gettys-
burg, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, Bethesda Church, Cold
Harbor. Present also at Yorktown, Malvern Hill, Bristoe Station and 'Totopotomoy.
SEVENTY.SECOND REGIMENT INFANTRY
(Baxter's Philadelphia Fire Zouaves)
Colonel De Witt Clinton Baxter.
Total Enrollment, i,6oo Officers and Men.
THE volunteer firemen of Philadelphia were patriotic, intelli-
gent and brave, and were prompt in their response to the call
of President Lincoln in April, 1861, enlisting in large numbers
in the three months' regiments soon afterward in the field. At
the end of this term of service they were equally ready to volunteer "for
three years or the war." The regiment of Fire Zouaves, which Col.
De Witt Clinton Baxter formed, was composed of this fine, hardy material,
nearly every fire company in the city being represented in its ranks.
Camp was established at Haddington, near the old Bull's Head tavern.
The regiment was mustered in August loth, 1861, and left for Wash-
ington on September i6th. The command was assigned to Baker's
Brigade, Sedgwick's Division, Sumner's Corps.
This brigade, having its origin as the "California Brigade" under
direct authority of the President, was rated, at that time, as a body of
regular troops. It was only after the death of Col. E. D. Baker that
the several Philadelphia regiments of which it was composed were
claimed by the State of Pennsylvania and given numerical designations
accordingly.
While at Camp Observation, Maryland, the Fire Zouaves were
increased to fifteen companies, having a muster roll of about 1,600 officers
and men. The uniform then worn, of the showy French Zouave pat-
tern, and the picturesque drill of the regiment attracted great popular
admiration.*
Col. Baker fell at Ball's Bluff, Va., October 22d, 1861. He was
succeeded in command of the brigade by Gen. W. W. Burns. The four
regiments were rechristened as the "Philadelphia Brigade," and as such
became a part, throughout their entire term of service, of the Second
Corps.
After six months of comparatively peaceful guard duty and marches
along the upper Potomac River and in the Shenandoah Valley the brigade
entered upon the Peninsular Campaign, covering the interval from April
4th, when the march began from Fortress Monroe, to the return to
that point on August 22d, and including the movements and battles
outlined in the experiences of the 69th and 71st Regiments.
*The greater part of the regiment eventually discarded this conspicuous
uniform in the course of the Peninsular Campaign. At Gettysburg the 72d was
garbed in the plain blue uniforms of the regulation pattern, the figure of the
Zouave in bronze being but a type of the regimental synonym.
91
92
The "72d" reached Alexandria, Va., on August 28th, hastening
thence with the Corps to the support of Pope's force, arriving near
Manassas in time to assist in covering his retreat. At Antietam the
"72d" met with severe and prolonged fighting and heavy loss. The
campaign ended with further losses in the occupation of Fredericks-
burg and operations at Chancellorsville. The regiment was encamped at
Falmouth, Va., to the opening of the Gettysburg campaign. The com-
mand reached the field on the evening of July ist and went into po-
sition near the center of the battle line, and there, at the "bloody angle,"
stands today the Zouave, in bronze, typifying, with clubbed musket, the
heroic hand-to-hand battle the regiment made on July 3d, 1863. When
the advance of the Confederate column across the valley began the
"72d" was posted in support and to the rear of the batteries upon
Hancock's front. As the enemy drove in the brigade pickets from the
Emmitsburg road, the regiment was rushed to the front line, striking
the assailants at the famous stone wall and the "clump of trees." Upon
the morning of that eventful day the Fire Zouaves numbered four
hundred and fifty-eight officers and men. After the fury of the con-
flict was past there were but two hundred and sixty-six of the "72d"
left for further duty. Soon afterward Col. Baxter succeeded Gen. Webb
in command of the brigade. Lieut.-Col. Theodore Hesser now com-
manded the Fire Zouaves, only to fall, a few months later, at Mine Run.
In the campaign of 1864 the regiment fought in the Wilderness, at
Spotsylvania, and again, with heavy loss, at Cold Harbor. At Peters-
burg the Philadelphia Brigade, all four regiments in line, stormed the
Confederate defences and held them. This was the "72d's" last battle.
A few days later the survivors were sent home and were mustered out.*
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or mortally wounded officers, 12 ; men, 198
Died from disease or other cause " i ; " iig
Wounded in action, not mortally " 25 ; " 533
Captured or missing " 2 ; " 163
BATTLES.
Yorktown, Fair Oaks, Peach Orchard, Savage Station, Glendale, Malvern
Hill, Chantilly, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Mine Run,
Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomoy, Cold Harbor, Petersburg.
*The semi-centennial anniversary of the muster in of the 72d Regiment,
Baxter's Zouaves, was celebrated by the survivors and their families at Belmont
Mansion on October 12th, 1911. Of the one hundred and fifteen living at that
date, sixty-five attended. Among them were Major John Lockhart and Capt.
Thomas F. Longaker, the only surviving officers.
ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTH REGIMENT INFANTRY
Colonel Turner G. Morehead to April 5th, 1864.
LiEUT.-CoL. William L. Curry to May nth, 1864.
Total Enrollment, 1,020 Officers and Men.
AFTER the return of the 22d Regiment, of the three-months'
enlistments, its Colonel, Turner G. Morehead, a veteran of the
Mexican War, and some of his officers commenced to recruit
a new regiment for the three-year service. It was mustered
in during August, September and October, 1861. Many members of
the Philadelphia Light Guards and a large number of the enlisted men
of the "22d" joined this command, which was first known as the "Fifth
California" Regiment, being part of Colonel Baker's California Brigade,
but later as one of the four regiments composing the Philadelphia
Brigade.
The "io6th" joined Colonel Baker's Brigade just prior to the
battle of Ball's Bluff, Va., in which part of his force was trapped.
Under Brigadier-General William W. Burns, and as a unit to the
Second Army Corps in the Second Brigade, Second Division, Second
Corps of the Army of the Potomac, the "io6th" shared in all of the
marches and battles of the Philadelphia Brigade through the Virignia
Peninsula up to the gates of Richmond, and from Savage Station to
Harrison Landing, fighting desperately at Savage Station, at Glendale
and Malvern Hill, then in the succeeding Pope Campaign, where, at Flint
Hill, acting as rear guard of the army in the retreat from the Second
Bull Run, they led the enemy into a trap, inflicted great loss upon him
and checked his advance in that direction, thence along the road that
led to Antietam.
Here, with Gen. Oliver O. Howard as Brigade Commander, on
that beautiful September morning, in what is known as the "West
Wood," the brigade fought heroically against fearful odds when all
the other troops had left, holding their ground until the enemy, in over-
whelming numbers, swept around their flank, compelled them to retire,
leaving upon that part of Antietam's bloody field five hundred and
forty-five of their members killed and wounded.
The Second Corps now returned to Virginia and to Fredericks-
burg's fatal field where, for the first time, the Philadelphia Brigade was
commanded by one of Philadelphia's sons, Brigadier-General Joshua
T. Owen, who led his brigade in that fearful charge upon Marye's
Heights, until he got within ninety yards of the famous stone wall, and,
unwilling to give up one foot of the ground he had gained with such
heavy loss, directed his men to lie down, and all that long, cold De-
93
94
cember day they lay there, subjected to both infantry and artillery fire,
until relieved after dark.
The regiment had been so depleted by the storm of battle at An-
tietam and Fredericksburg that, after a winter in camp and accession
of recruits, it reported to Gettysburg, along with the equally reduced
69th, 71st and 72d Regiments, with but three hundred and thirty-five
officers and men. The brigade was now commanded by Brigadier-Gen-
eral Alexander S. Webb. Arriving upon the field on the morning of
the second, Companies A and B were at once advanced as skirmishers
to the Emmitsburg road, and during the morning made a gallant at-
tack upon the Bliss House, between the lines, and with the help of
four companies of the 12th New Jersey Regiment, dislodged the enemy,
burned the house and barn and captured one hundred prisoners.
Near the conclusion of the heavy fighting on the left of our line,
on the afternoon of July 2d, when Wright, with his Georgia brigade,
had swept around the right of Sickles' command and had captured the
guns of Brown's Rhode Island Battery and was forcing his way to
the position of the Philadelphia Brigade, Gen. Hancock ordered the
io6th Regiment to charge upon the advancing enemy, upon whom the
brigade was pouring a withering fire. Dashing over the low stone
wall the regiment rushed the then discomfited enemy and drove him
back to and beyond the Emmitsburg road, recapturing the guns of
Brown's Battery and two hundred and fifty prisoners, principally of the
48th Georgia Regiment, including its colonel and twenty officers. The
regiment returned to its position with the brigade and was immediately
hurried to the right, upon request of Gen. Howard, leaving a detail of
fifty men and two full companies, A and B, with the brigade, upon
the front of Gibbon's Division of the Second Corps.
In the gathering shadows of evening a gray column of Early's men,
among them the vaunted "Louisiana Tigers" was sent swarming up
the slope of Cemetery Hill east of the Baltimore pike, where Rickett's
and Weiderick's batteries needed instant help, and the "io6th" arrived
in time to join with the decimated regiments of Howard's Eleventh
Corps, saved the guns of those batteries, and hurled back the few sur-
vivors of that gallant and deadly sortie.
On the morning of the fourth, the regiment was ordered to advance
and reconnoitre towards the town. Finding their way but feebly con-
tested, they pushed forward and found that the enemy had evacuated.
Thus the "io6th" Regiment was among the first to enter Gettysburg
since the retreat through it on the night of July ist. Its outpost line
and the two companies that remained with the brigade shared the glory
of the repulse of Pickett at the "clump of trees."
After Gettysburg, the Philadelphia Brigade, less than a regiment in
numbers, returned to Virginia, and went into camp near Brandy Station
for the winter, during which time many of the regiment re-enlisted.
In April, 1864, Col. Morehead resigned.
95
During the summer campaign of 1864, battle followed battle with
terrible regularity, as the waning fortunes of the Confederacy made its
brave soldiery more desperate, and our men more determined to bring
the war to an end, beginning with the three-days' battle of the Wilder-
ness and continuing through Spotsylvania Court House, North Anna,
Totopotomoy, Cold Harbor and Petersburg, in all of which the regiment
was in the thickest of the fighting and suffered the heavy loss of five
officers and one hundred and ten men from its already reduced num-
bers. Among the many lost at Spotsylvania was Lieut.-Col. William L.
Curry, who died, a month later, of his wound.
Before Petersburg, the "io6th" was given surcease of fighting, when
Its term of enlistment expired, but, unfortunately, before that event,
on June 22d, 1864, three officers and ninety-one men were taken prisoners.
On July 27th the veterans and recruits were consolidated into
three companies, F, H and K, and united with the 69th Regiment for
field service, but retained its identity as a separate battalion. The re-
mainder of the regiment was sent to Washington, and after a period
of guard duty at Arlington Heights, for about thirty days, was ordered
to Philadelphia and was mustered out on September loth, 1864.
The io6th Battalion, left in the field, served through Deep Bottom,
Reams Station, Boydton Plank Road, Hatcher's Run and Dabney Mills
to the scene of the surrender of Appomattox, participated in the Grand
Review at Washington, and was mustered out on June 30th, 1865.*
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died from wounds officers, g ; men, 90
Died of disease or other causes " i ; " 94
Wounded, not mortally " 24 ; " 373
Captured or missing " 5 ; " 152
BATTLES.
(Including those of the io6th Battalion.)
Yorktown, Fair Oaks, Peach Orchard, Savage Station, Glendale, Malvern
Hill, Flint Hill, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Haymarket, Gettysburg,
Kelly's Ford, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna. Totopotomoy,
Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Strawberry Plains, Deep Bottom, Ream's Station,
Boydton Plank Road, Hatcher's Run (February 6 and 7, 1865), Hatcher's Run
(March 25, 1865), Dabney's Mill, Appomattox Court House.
*0n October l8th, igii, fifteen of the thirty survivors of the regiment met ,at
1 108 Sansom street to celebrate the semi-centennial anniversary of organization.
Those present were Col. R. W. P. Allen, the only surviving original officer;
Thomas Thompson, Dr. G. J. R. Miller, Col. Joseph R. C. Ward, J. E. Heller,
W. H. Huddell, George Waldron, Joseph Weber, George Hellem, William H.
Abrams, Daniel E. Ridge, Maurice Finn and Sergt.-Major William H. Neiler.
SEVENTY=THIRD REGIMENT INFANTRY
Colonel John A. Koltes to August 30th, 1862.
Colonel Gustavus A. Muehleck to January 27th, 1863.
LiEUT.-CoL. William Moore to February 8th, 1864.
LiEUT.-CoL. Charles C. Cresson to August 24th, 1865.*
Total Enrollment, 1,260 Officers and Men.
THIS regiment, largely recruited from the local German rifle
companies, was originally known as the "Pennsylvania Legion."
It was encamped, during the summer of 1861, at Engle & Wolf's
farm, upon the east side of the Schuylkill River. The regiment,
under Col. John A. Koltes, left for Washington upon September 24th,
where it was assigned to Blenker's German Division. The autumn and
winter were devoted to camp and picket duty in Virginia. Upon March
3d, 1862, three hundred and fifty men from the disbanded 66th Regi-
ment were added to its ranks. In May the division joined Fremont's
Mountain Department in West Virginia, the 73d scoring its first battle
at Cross Keys. Under Gen. Sigel, the German regiments formed a
staunch rear guard for Pope's retreat, incident to which were the battles
of Freeman's Ford and Groveton. At the hard-fought battle of the
second Bull Run, August 30th, the "73d" was the target for deadly
artillery fire, losing two hundred and sixteen killed and wounded, in-
cluding Colonel Koltes, acting brigade commander, and Capt. Augustus
Breuckner, acting major. Without further engagements the "73d" win-
tered at Falmouthj Va. At this time Lieut.-Col. William Moore suc-
ceeded Col. G. A. Muehleck, resigned. Under Hooker's reorganization
the regiment formed part of Col. A. Buschbeck's First Brigade, Second
Division of the Eleventh Corps. At Chancellorsville the regiment lost
one hundred and six officers and men, killed, wounded and missing.
Among the killed was Capt. Henry J. Giltinan. Capt. Jacob Liebfried
was mortally wounded.
After a week of hurried marching, from Edward's Ferry, the
Eleventh Corps reached Gettysburg upon July ist. At two o'clock P. M.
the "73d" was in position and charged into the town, assisting effectively
in halting the Confederates. The regiment's second position fronted upon
the Taneytown road, west of the Junction of the Emmitsburg road,
being exposed to continuous artillery fire. An assault was made at this
point by a Confederate column, which was repulsed with great loss. Upon
the second the "73d" occupied the same position upon the scene of the
*Lieut.-Colonel William Moore was commissioned colonel January 27th, 1863.
Lieut.-Colonel Charles C. Cresson was commissioned colonel May ist, 1865.
Neither of these ofScers was mustered with the above rank.
96
MOYAMENSING HALL (Christian Street Hospital, U. S. Army).
OLD CARRIAGE FACTORY AT FIFTH AND BUTTONWOOD STREETS, used as a
hospital, military prison and provost barracks.
97
final Confederate assault in the afternoon. When the enemy withdrew
the regiment, with its brigade, occupied the town. The regimental losses
were seven killed and twenty-seven wounded out of fourteen officers and
three hundred and eighteen men present.*
At Alexandria, Va., during the remainder of the summer, the "73d"
was occupied, under Colonel Moore, who had returned, in convoying
drafted men. In September the Eleventh Corps was transferred, under
Gen. Hooker, to the West. Late in October the brigade marched from
Bridgeport, Tenn., toward Chattanooga, having a skirmish en route at
Wauhatchie. Upon arrival at Chattanooga Col. Moore retired from
command, being invalided, and as the regiment had no field officers,
Lieut-Col. Joseph B. Taft, of the 143d New York Regiment, was placed
in command.
The "73d" was in the storming line at Missionary Ridge upon No-
vember 2Sth. In the terrific fighting which ensued, Colonel Taft was
killed, and nearly all of the survivors of the "73d" were made prisoners.
The regimental flag was secreted about his person by Capt. John Ken-
nedy, of Company H, and after his exchange, six months later, was
brought safely home. The remnant of the "73d" wintered at Chatta-
nooga. In January, 1864, those who re-enlisted were given a veteran's
furlough. The old Eleventh Corps, being merged into the Twentieth
Corps, the veterans and recruits of the "73d" marched and fought with
Sherman to Atlanta, on to Savannah and northward through the Caro-
linas. The last commander of the regiment was Lieut.-Col. Charles C.
Cresson. At Bentonville, N. C, it fought in the last important battle of
the war. After the surrender of Johnston, at Raleigh, N. C, the "73d"
marched to Alexandria, Va., where it was mustered out on July 14th,
1865.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed, or died from wounds officers, S ; men, 96
Died of disease " o; " 114
Wounded, not mortally " 18 ; " 303
Captured or missing " 18 ; " 160
BATTLES AND ENGAGEMENTS.
Cross Keys, Rappahannock River, Groveton, Bull Run (second), Chancellors-
ville, Gettysburg, Wauhatchie, Missionary Ridge, Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, New
Hope Church, Pine Knob, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, March to
the Sea, Savannah, Bentonville, Durham Station (Johnston's Surrender).
♦Having no field officers the regiment was commanded in this battle by Capt.
D. F. Kelly. The "73d" was among the first troops to occupy the town of Gettys-
burg as the Confederates withdrew on the morning of July 4th. Skirmishing
with the rear guard of the enemy from street to street, they were hailed with
joy by the inhabitants, who had remained concealed in their homes awaiting, with
intense anxiety, the issue of the battle.
SEVENTY=FOURTH REGIMENT INFANTRY
CoLONEi, Alexander von Schimmelfennig to November 9th, 1862.
Colonel A. von Haetung to July nth, 1864.
Colonel Gottlieb Hoburg to August 29th, 1865.
Philadelphia Companies A and K.
Total Enrollment, 197 Officers and Men.
THE "74th" was largely composed of men of German birth or
parentage. Originating at Pittsburgh, the majority of its re-
cruits were from the western counties. It was mustered into
the United State service, as the 3Sth Regiment, upon September
14th, 1 861, and was then sent to camp at Engle & Wolf's farm, near
the Columbia Bridge, upon the Schuylkill River, Philadelphia.
Col. Schimmelfennig was an experienced officer of the Prussian
Army, and this fact attracted many German veterans to the regiment.
While at Philadelphia a detachment, locally recruited by Capt. Alexander
Von Mitzel, was added to Company K. Later, while in winter quarters
at Hunter's Chapel, Virginia, a Philadelphia company joined the com-
mand, under Capt. Von Hartung. This company had been on duty
at Fort Delaware and became Company A. The number of the regiment
was changed to "74th" and it was attached to Blenker's German Division.
In March, 1862, the "74th" marched to the Shenandoah Valley to
reinforce Fremont's Mountain Department, assisting in driving Stone-
wall Jackson's force southward after the battle of Cross Keys. Under
Major-Gen. Franz Sigel a forced march was made to Cedar Mountain.
In Pope's movement of August, 1862, the regiment met the enemy at
Freeman's Ford. Here Brig. -Gen. Henry Bohlen, commanding the
brigade, was killed, Col. Schimmelfennig taking his place. Battles fol-
lowed at Groveton and Bull Run (second). During the Antietam cam-
paign the "74th" was posted in the defences of Washington. Col.
Schimmelfennig having been promoted, the command fell upon Major
Von Hartung, who subsequently became colonel.
Under Hooker, in 1863, Sigel's troops were in the disaster at
Chancellorsville, where the "74th" lost heavily while protecting the re-
treat. The First Brigade, Third Division of the Eleventh Corps, arrived
at Gettysburg early in the afternoon of July ist. ' The "74th" was first
advanced to the west of the Carlisle Road in support of artillery. In this
position the regiment lost one hundred and three officers and men out of
one hundred and thirty-four present (at the site of its monument).* The
♦(Quoted from dedication address by Capt. Paul Rohrbacker, Gettysburg, July
2d, 1888.) The official records, as well as the monumental inscription at Gettys-
burg, testify that the "74th" numbered, at that battle, three hundred and eighty-one
officers and men, losing a total in killed, 10; wounded, 40; captured or missing, 60.
98
99
remnant retreated to the new line at Cemetery Hill, where those of the
command who had been on picket duty rejoined. This position was held
to the end of the battle.
Upon August 7th the Third Division, now under Brig.-Gen. George
H. Gordon, was transported to South Carolina, serving upon the coast
islands near Charleston until August 17th, 1864. In September the
majority of the veterans were mustered out. The regiment was re-
cruited and reorganized and assigned to guard the Baltimore and Ohio
Railway. In March, 1865, seven new companies were added. The regi-
ment was finally mustered out at Clarksburg, Va., upon August 2gth
1865. '
Forty of the commissioned officers serving at various periods with
the regiment were from Philadelphia.
TOTAL LOSSES (Regimental).
Killed in action officers, 2; men, 39
Died of wounds « jg
Died of disease and other causes " i ; " 71
Wounded, not mortally \\\ •• g'- <• 129
Captured or missing '. « ^j •• J28
BATTLES AND ENGAGEMENTS.
Cross Keys, Freeman's Ford, Groveton, Second Bull Run, Chancellorsville,
Gettysburg, John's Island, James Island.
SEVENTY=FIFTH REGIMENT INFANTRY
Coi<ONEL W. Henry C. Bohlen to April 28th, 1862.
Colonel Francis Mahler to July ist, 1863.
Major August Ledig to March 8th, 1864.
LiEUT.-CoL. Alvin von Matzdorff to September ist, 1865.
Total Enrollment, 1,293 Officers and Men.
THIS fine regiment was recruited in 1861 almost entirely from
among the patriotic German citizens of Philadelphia. Num-
bers of its officers had been schooled in foreign armies. Col.
Bohlen had served as aide to Gen. Worth, in Mexico. In
recognition of this fact the regiment's first rendezvous, at Hestonville,
was named "Camp Worth." The "75th" was mustered in by companies
during August and in September, prior to its departure for Washington,
on the 26th. Joining Gen. Louis Blenker's German division the regi-
ment established its camp at Hunter's Chapel, Va. Aside from minor
detours the command remained here until the following spring. On
lOO
April 6th, 1862, the "75th" was sent, in inclement weather, to the
Mountain Department at Winchester. At Berry's Ferry, on the
Shenandoah river, while Companies I and K were being taken across,
the craft utilized sank, drowning two commissioned officers, Capt.
Christian Wyck and Lieut. Adolph Winter, and fifty-one men, who were
engulfed by the weight of their accoutrements. First Sergeant Joseph
Tiedemann, of Company K, lost his Ufe in an effort to save his captain.
This tragic affair cast a long-felt gloom over the regiment.
Reporting to Major-Gen. Fremont at Winchester, on April i8th, Col.
Bohlen was commissioned brigadier-general, and with Fremont's First
Corps the regiment, under Lieut.-Col. Mahler, joined the other German
regiments from Philadelphia in an advance in pursuit of the retreating
Confederates up the Shenandoah Valley. At Cross Keys and Port
Republic the "75th" was engaged on the left flank, losing heavily. At
this time the regiment became a part of the Second Brigade, Third
Division, First Corps, of which Major-Gen. Franz Sigel, who had suc-
ceeded Fremont, was in command. This energetic German officer now
led his troops eastward, across the Blue Ridge, in order to effect a
junction with Gen. Pope's army. Lieut.-Col. Mahler received his
commission as colonel on July 20th. At the battle of Freeman's Ford,
on August 22d, Gen. Bohlen was killed.* In close and desperate fighting
at the second battle of Bull Run the regiment lost one hundred and
thirty-three, killed and wounded. Among those killed were Lieutenants
William Froelich and William Bowen. Five officers were wounded.
More than a score of non-commissioned officers and men were honored
with special mention in reports for bravery on this field. Sigel's
corps was designated the "Eleventh" in November. When the army
undertook its abortive winter sorties upon Fredericksburg, the "75th"
experienced its full share of mud marching. At Chancellor sville. May
2d, 1863, the regiment, upon the exposed right flank of the battle line,
was overcome by an avalanche of Stonewall Jackson's men, losing in
the confusion its Lieut-Colonel and forty men captured. The regi-
ment rallied near United States Ford and remained there until assigned
a position in the second line of battle.
The movement preceding the Gettysburg campaign began on June
12th. Nineteen days later the Eleventh Corps, approaching Gettysburg
after a trying fourteen-mile march from Taneytown, on the morning
of July 1st, heard the guns of the First Corps. Hurrying through the
village, to the great joy of the residents, the Eleventh Corps formed
its line of battle to the right of the Carlisle road, advancing to the
attack at one o'clock. The two Corps here held back the determined
and confident Confederates until late in the day, then retreating to a
new position upon Cemetery Hillj providentially fortified by Gen.
Steinwehr.
*The body of Gen. W. Henry C. Bohlen rests in the family vault in front of
St. John's Evangelieal Lutheran Church, Race Street below Sixth Street.
lOI
In its part of the conflict of that momentous day the "75th"
was arrayed against a portion of Dole's Brigade, Rode's Division. Ewell's
Corps, which inflicted upon it a loss of seventy-two per cent, in killed
and wounded, of the fifteen officers and one hundred and seventy-nine
men actually on the firing line.* Two officers and twenty-nine men were
killed, six officers and ninety-seven men were wounded and three men
were captured or missing. This percentage of loss was exceeded at
Gettysburg by but one other regiment, the ist Minnesota, which recorded
casualties of eighty-two per cent. The losses of the "75th" all occurred
within the deadly half hour during which the command was under fire.
Among the killed were Lieuts. Henry Hauschild and Louis Mahler; of
the wounded Col. Francis Mahler and Lieut. William J. Sill died in
consequence. After Col. Mahler had been wounded the command
devolved upon Major August Ledig, an experienced and courageous
officer, t
The Eleventh Corps was transferred to the Army of the Cum-
berland in the autumn of 1863. At the end of its journey westward
the "75th" was stationed at Bridgeport, Alabama, to guard the railroad
bridge spanning the Tennessee River at that point. In the subsequent
movement to Wauhatchie the regiment was engaged in support of Gen.
Geary's Pennsylvanians in the night battle of October 28th and 29th,
taking some prisoners. The "75th" was present at the several closing
battles around Chattanooga, after which it was sent in the direction
of Knoxville with a column moved for the re-enforcement of Burnside.
On January 2d, 1864, the regiment was re-mustered as a veteran organi-
zation, and returned upon furlough to Philadelphia. Two months
later, with many recruits, it rejoined the Army of the Tennessee near
Nashville. At the battle of Franklin, Tenn., on November 30th, Com-
pany E, then on outpost duty, was captured. A large mounted de-
tachment was organized in the fall of 1864 for duty at headquarters,
being thus engaged for several months in provost and scout service.
Without further battles the "7Sth" was retained in the army to Sep-
tember 1st, 1865, when it was mustered out,, and arrived on the 12th
♦While in bivouac at Tanejrtown on the evening of June 30th fifty men
were detached from the regiment to assist in guarding the reserve ammunition
train. This contingent, absent on this duty from the encounter of July ist,
has not been duly allowed for by military writers generally in estimating the
percentage loss on that day by the 7Sth Regiment.
tCol. Mahler was crippled in the thick of the fight by the fall of his
horse, which had been shot, but he remained a conspicuous figure in the
encouragement of his line, receiving a mortal wound at the moment when the
''7Sth," outflanked, began to fall back. At this instant Lieut. T. Albert Steiger,
in command of Companies I and K, ran to his assistance and, despite the
imminent danger of death or capture, brought him, with great difficulty from
the field. Col. Mahler died on the morning of July 4th at the field hospital of
the Eleventh Corps.
102
in Philadelphia, having served more than four years. Two hundred
and thirty-six officers and men were present at the discharge.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed, or died from wounds officers, 6; men, S7
Died from disease "^ 57
Drowned (on the Shenandoah) " 2 ; " Si
Wounded, not mortally " n; ^^ 2I9
Captured, or missing " 4'> " 95
BATTLES.
Cross Keys, Freeman's Ford, Groveton, Second Bull Run, Fredericksburg,
Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wauhatchie, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge,
Franklin, Nashville.
EIQHTY=FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY
Colonel James Miller to May 31st, 1862.
Colonel Charles F. Johnson to November 24th, 1862.
Colonel H. Boyd McKeen to June 3d, 1864.
Colonel William Wilson to June 29th, 1865.
Philadelphia Companies A, B, C, D, E and F.
Total Enrollment 1,100 Officers and Men.
THE "81st," recruited in Philadelphia and the counties of Carbon
and Luzerne by James Miller, a soldier of the Mexican War,
was assembled at the camp near Easton, Pa., the officers and
men being mustered in during August, 1861. The regiment
proceeded to Washington October loth, there being attached to Casey's
First Brigade, First Division, Second Corps. Routine duty occupied
the winter and spring to the opening of the peninsular campaign.
At Fair Oaks the regiment experienced its, first important battle,
Col. Miller being among the slain. Lieut. Horace M. Lee, of Company
F, was mortally wounded. Capt. Samuel Sherlock, of Company D, was
killed on picket June 15th. During the "change of base" the regiment
fought at White Oak Swamp, Peach Orchard, Savage Station, Glendale
and Malvern Hill, losing Col. Johnson, Captains Connor and Harkness
wounded, and Lieut.-Col. Eli T. Connor killed. Late in August the
"8ist" was hurried to the field of the Second Bull Run, arriving at
the end of the fighting. On the way to Antietam, in September, the
regiment assisted in clearing the pass at South Mountain. The regimental
losses at Antietam, chiefly incurred in a gallant charge by Richardson's
Division, included Capt. Philip R. Schuyler and Lieut. William H.
Vandyke, killed.
103
In the Burnside campaign against Fredericksburg the "8ist" was
under fire at Falmouth. In November Col. Johnson resigned because of
wounds and Major H. Boyd McKeen was promoted to colonel.
At the battle of Fredericksburg, December nth- 15th, 1862, the
"Sist" charged through the town with the division, losing Lieut. Clinton
Swain, of Company C, killed. In this assault, also. Col. McKeen and five
captains were wounded and a large number of the rank and file were
killed or wounded. In the Chancellorsville campaign of April, 1863,
further losses were incurred. Guarding the northward roads and clearing
the passes en route, the Second Corps was occupied in June on its way
to Gettysburg, arriving on the field on the evening of July ist. Taking
Its place in the line of battle, the "81 st" was posted, at first, near the
cemetery, but later moved in support of Sickles' position in front of
Little Round Top, here participating, in the terrific fighting, in the after-
noon, upon that portion of the field. From one hundred and seventy-
five officers and men present the regiment lost, killed, nine men ; wounded,
five officers and forty men; captured, eight men.
In the Mine Run campaign Capt. David J. Phillips was killed.
Early in January, 1864, the "8ist" re-enlisted, and, with the opening
of the campaign, Col. McKeen was advanced to command of the brigade
and Major William Wilson assumed command of the regiment. This
officer was commissioned colonel on October 30th, 1864. After Spot-
sylvania the Second Corps essayed, without success, to dislodge the enemy
at Cold Harbor. Col. McKeen here fell, at the head of his troops, a
dauntless leader, bearing the scars of three former wounds.
In front of Petersburg Capt. David H. Ginder was killed, during
tht assault of June 17th. At Strawberry Plains, in July; Ream's Station
and Deep Bottom, in August, the "8ist" won further laurels. The
winter was spent in the trenches before Petersburg. In the final cam-
paign the regiment escaped material losses to April 7th, when, almost^
within sight of Appomattox, the "8ist" was one of three regiments sent,
under Brig.-Gen. Nelson A. Miles, into a charge on the entrenched
Confederates, and was nearly destroyed. Captains Charles Wilson and
John Bond, both Philadelphians, were killed. At the end of this dis-
astrous affair there remained only Col. William Wilson, two line of-
ficers, thirty-six enlisted men and the colors.*
The "thin short line" left in the field was returned to Washington
and mustered out on June 29th, 1865.
The "8 1 St" lost more officers and men in the four years of service
than any other command largely composed of Philadelphia volunteers.
Of the field and stafif, four were killed in battle and two died from
disease; of the line officers, fourteen were killed outright, and of the
wounded, some afterward died in consequence.
♦Oration of Capt. Harry Wilson, September 12th, 1889, at dedication of monu-
ment, Gettysburg, page 409, "Pennsylvania at Gettysburg," Vol. I.
I04
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed, or died from wounds oificers, i8 ; men, 190
Died from disease, etc " 2 ; " 89
Wounded, not mortally " 44; " S18
Captured or missing " 3 ; " 190
BATTLES.
Yorktown, Fair Oaks, Peach Orchard, Savage's Station, White Oak Swamp,
Glendale, Malvern Hill, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg,
Bristoe Station, Kelly's Ford, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna,
Totopotomoy, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Strawberry Plains, Deep Bottom, Ream's
Station, Petersburg (Squirrel Level Road), White Oak Road, Sutherland Station,
Amelia Court House, Farmville (Cumberland Church), Appomattox.
EIQHTY.SECOND REGIMENT INFANTRY
Colonel David H. Williams to February 14th, 1863.
Colonel Isaac C. Bassett to July 13th, 1865.
Total Enrollment (about) 2,300 Officers and Men.
THIS regiment was organized at Washington, July 27th, 1861,
nine companies being from Philadelphia and one (B) from
Pittsburgh. It was attached to Graham's Brigade, First Di-
vision, Fourth Corps. In the course of its history it was con-
secutively identified with the First Brigade, Third Division, Sixth Corps ;
the Fourth Brigade, First Division, Sixth Corps, and the Third Brigade,
First Division, Sixth Corps. The division remained on duty in the
defences of Washington to March loth, 1862, then advancing on Man-
assas, and a few days later embarked to Fortress Monroe and marched
up the Peninsula against Yorktown and Williamsburg. At Fair Oaks,
in its first severe battle, the "82d" lost thirty-two men killed and wounded.
During June the regiment was engaged in the "change of base," being
engaged at White Oak Swamp and Glendale. At Malvern Hill, July
1st, Lieuts. James B. Grier and Mark H. Roberts were killed. In Sep-
tember the division moved from Harrison's Landing, by transports, to
re-enforce Gen. Pope. Following the battle of Chantilly the Maryland
Campaign resulted in the battle of Antietam, the 82d being under fire
at Sharpsburg. Couch's Division was now transferred to the Sixth
Corps, with which the regiment fought at Williamsport and in the De-
cember attack upon Fredericksburg. While in winter quarters Col. Wil-
liams was succeeded in command by Lieut.-Col. Bassett.
The campaign of 1863 opened with the Chancellorsville struggle.
At the second attempt on Fredericksburg the "82d" formed part of the
assaulting column at Marye's Heights (May 3d), and also fought on
the same day at Salem Church, losing heavily. Among the fatally
wounded was Capt. John H. Delap.
I05
The evening of July ist, 1863, found the regiment encamped on
Pipe Creek, near Manchester, Maryland, thirty-seven miles southeast
from Gettysburg. Here the Sixth Corps began its forced march of
seventeen hours. In the battles of the 2d and 3d of July the "82d" had
few casualties. The pursuit of Lee ended with an action near Funks-
town, July I2th. In the Bristoe Campaign the regiment supported the
cavalry at Brandy Station, and in November was engaged at Rappa-
hannock Station and Robertson's Tavern. Part of the regiment re-
enlisted as a veteran organization while at Brandy Station on January
1st, 1864, being accorded a furlough home. Those who had not re-
enlisted were sent with Shaler's Brigade to guard duty at the Johnson's
Island Prison Camp in Lake Erie. This detachment returned to the
front in May and participated in the battle of Spotsylvania. The 82d
Veterans met with its greatest ordeal at Cold Harbor on June 3d, 1864,
losing there, in killed, wounded and missing, one hundred and seventy-
three officers and men. Among the killed was Lieut. Robert G. Creigh-
ton. Crossing the James River on June i6th the brigade was involved
in the operations in the vicinity of Petersburg until hurried, with the
Sixth Corps, to the defence of Washington, then threatened by Early.
The pursuit now led into West Virginia, with actions at Charlestown
and Halltown. At Halltown the non-veterans completed their term of
service and were ordered home. The veterans and recruits were organ-
ized into a battalion of five companies, retaining the regimental number.
This contingent served under Gen. Sheridan in the final Valley cam-
paign and through the winter and spring siege of Petersburg. In its
last battle, at Sailor's Creek, three days before the surrender at Ap-
pomattox, Lieut. William H. Myers was killed. Following the dispersal
of the Confederates in Virginia the "82d" marched to Danville and three
weeks later turned homeward. After the Sixth Corps review at Wash-
ington on June 8th the battalion was returned to Philadelphia, and on
July 13th, 1865, was mustered out.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died from wounds officers, 5 ; men, 107
Died from disease or other causes " 61
Wounded, not fatally " 21; " 378
Captured or missing " 52
BATTLES, ETC.
Warwick River, Yorktown, Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, White Oak Swamp,
Glendale, Malvern Hill, Chantilly, Antietam, Williamsport, Fredericksburg,
Franklin's Crossing, Marye's Heights (Fredericksburg), Salem Church, Banks'
Fbrd, Gettysburg, Funkstown, Culpeper Court House, Rappahannock Station,
Mine Run, Robertson's Tavern, Spotsylvania (non-veterans). North Anna, Toto-
potomoy, Hawe's Shop, Hanover Court House, Cold Harbor, Weldon Rail-
road, Fort Stevens, Snicker's Gap, Charlestown, Halltown, Winchester, Siege of
Petersburg, including Dabney's Mills, Hatcher's Run, Fort Steadman, Fall of
Petersburg, Sailor's Creek, Appomattox Court House.
EIQHTY=EIQHTH REGIMENT INFANTRY
(Cameron Light Guards)
Colonel George P. McLean to December 14th, 1862.
Colonel George W. Gile to March 2d, 1863.
Colonel Louis Wagner to June 6th, 1865.
Philadelphia Companies, C, D, E, F, G, I and K.
Total Enrollment, 1,400 Officers and Men.
THIS regiment was recruited under the title of the "Cameron
Light Gmards," three of its ten companies, A, B and H, coming
from Reading and vicinity. The first camp (Stokley) was
located near the Schuylkill river, just below the Wissahickon
creek, the site, now appropriately marked, being within the present limits
of Fairmount Park. The companies were mustered in during August
and September, 1861. The regiment received mai^ching orders and
left the city October 5th. Muskets and the regimental number in the
Pennsylvania line were provided at Alexandria, Va., where the com-
mand was posted through the fall and part of the winter. Upon Feb-
ruary 18th, 1862, five companies were sent to guard the forts upon
the Maryland side of the Potomac. Two months later the entire regi-
ment was ordered to rendezvous at Cloud's Mills, Md., where it was
assigned to Brigadier-General A. Duryea's Brigade, First Corps,
in company with the 107th Pennsylvania Infantry. On April isth,
1862, the "88th" was sent to picket the railroad west of Bull Run.
Early in May the regiment embarked at Alexandria for Aquia Creek,
advancing, on the nth, to the Rappahannock river. The tactics of the
Confederates here defeated the Federal plans. After a return over the
same route the "88th" was entrained at Alexandria for Manassas. From
this point, under Ma j .-Gen. E. O. C. Ord, the Division started upon a
march to the Shenandoah Valley, a .trying and fruitless expedition, entail-
ing a loss of about one hundred men upon the regiment, due to exposure
and exhaustion. At Cedar Mountain, Rickett's Division, of which the
"88th" was a part, was placed in support of artillery. Pope's arduous
campaign ended with the second battle of Bull Run. In this terrific
contest the "88th" lost twenty-eight officers and men killed (including
Lieut.-Col. Joseph A. McLean and Capt. Belsterling of Company C),
eighty-five wounded and forty-eight missing. Under Major Gile the
"88th" marched through Washington on the night of September Sth.
With brief respite the regiment was hurried to South Mountain and
Antietam, and reached this historic field with three hundred and fifty
men. Here the loss was eighteen killed and sixty wounded. During
the battle. Major Gile being wounded, Capt. H. R. Myers assumed
106
107
command. A few days later the remnant of the "88th" was led by
Capt. Griffith, of Company H, who commanded until, on October 30th,
Col. George P. McLean returned to the camp. Soon afterward this
officer resigned because of ill health. Major George W. Gile was com-
missioned Colonel and Capt. Louis Wagner Lieut.-Col. Burnside's
winter campaign against the stronghold of Fredericksburg involved the
"88th" in the costly assault upon the Confederate right at Franklin's
Crossing, the regimental loss being seven killed (including Acting Ad-
jutant Charles H. Kartsher and Lieut. George H. Fulton), and thirty-
four wounded. After the famous "mud-march" of January, 1863, the
regiment, now commanded by Lieut.-Col. Louis Wagner, who had been
wounded at Bull Run, August 30, 1862, occupied winter quarters at
Fletcher's Chapel, Va. The campaign of 1863 began with a brief ad-
vance, late in April, across the Rappahannock, and a forced march by
the brigade to the Union right at Chancellorsville. *The march of
eighteen days to Gettysburg, under Major B. F. Foust, ended upon that
field on July ist.
Hurrying from its bivouac of the night before, the First Corps
was the first body of infantry to reach the scene. Gen. Reynolds, with
Wadsworth's Division, hastened to the support of Buford's Cavalry,
northwest of the town. On arrival of Gen. Henry Baxter's Brigade
it was placed in the line of battle from which, led by the "88th," a charge
was made, resulting in the capture of many prisoners and three battle flags,
of which the "88th" brought back two.f Baxter's brigade checked the
left advance of the Confederates until the Union artillery was withdrawn.
In the re-alignment of the army, after the arrival of Gen. Hancock,
at 3 P. M., Baxter's Brigade was placed at Cemetery Hill. During
the afternoon of the 2d the brigade was sent to the left to assist the
Third Corps, but returned after dark to Cemetery Hill. On the third
day Baxter's Brigade served with the Eleventh, Twelfth and Second
Corps in turn, and that night was advanced, as the Confederates re-
treated, on picket duty. The loss of the "88th" was ten killed, fifty-
four wounded and forty-two missing, out of two hundred and ninety-six
officers and men engaged.
Through rain and mud the "88th" now returned to the long deso-
lated wilds of Virginia. Its subsequent service included almost constant
movement, hardships and fighting. The regiment re-enlisted on Feb-
*0n returning from this arduous duty, Lieut.-Col. Wagner was compelled to
apply for leave of absence by reason of his wounds breaking out anew. Later
he was assigned to duty at Camp William Penn, Chelten Hills, Pa., for the
organization of colored troops, and at the conclusion of this duty returned to
the regiment and was mustered out as Colonel, his commission dating from
March 3, 1863.
tThe colors c^^)tured by the "88th" were those of the 23d North Carolina and
I2th Alabama Regiments. The prisoners captured exceeded in numbers the officers
and men of th» "SStli" present in the charge.
io8
ruary 6th, 1864, and enjoyed a furlough of two months. The old
First Corps had been consolidated with the Fifth Corps. Many recruits
were added. In the Wilderness, at Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, Peters-
burg, and Weldon Railroad and through the waning struggle, down to
Appomattox, the regiment added glory to its colors. In the final cam-
paign, at Five Forks, the "88th's" last battle, several of the original
members, including Capt. Thos. J. Koch and Lieut. Daniel J. Lehman,
were killed or fatally wounded.
The Fifth Corps remained at Appomattox until April 15th. After
the surrender the "88th" received an accession of several hundred con-
scripts. The original members who participated in the Grand Review
at Washington numbered less than one hundred. The regiment was
finally mustered out upon June 30th, 1865.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died from wounds officers, 7 ; men, 98
Died of disease " 72
Wounded, not mortally [] 28; ''^ 336
Captured or missing " S ; " 104
BATTLES.
Cedar Mountain, Rappahannock Station, Thoroughfare Gap, Second Bull
Run, Chantilly, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Mine Run,
Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomoy, Bethesda Church, Cold
Harbor, Petersburg, Weldon Railroad, Dabney's Mills, Boydton Road, Five Forks,
Appomattox.
NINETIETH REGIMENT INFANTRY
Colonel Peter Lyle.
Total Enrollment, 1,600 Officers and Men.
THE 90th Regiment was a re-organization of the 19th Regiment
pi the three months service, and the parent command of both
was the National Guard Regiment, 2d Regiment, First Bri-
gade, First Division Pennsylvania Militia. On August 29th,
1861, at a meeting held at the National Guards' Armory, it was resolved
to tender the services of the regiment to the Government. The War De-
partment accepted the offer and recruiting was commenced at once. The
"90th" established Camp McClellan, at Nicetown, and remained there
through the winter, leaving for Baltimore upon March 31st, 1862, where
arms were received. Three weeks later the regiment moved to Wash-
ington, from which six companies were sent to Aquia Creek and four
109
companies to Belle Plain. Later the command was brigaded at Fal-
mouth, Va., as part of the Second Brigade, Second Division, Third Corps.
Near the end of May the Second Division was sent in haste to the Shen-
andoah Valley, but Jackson's "foot cavalry" had vanished and the troops
returned to join Pope's army in time to move on Cedar Mountain, where
the "^oth" was first under fire. For two weeks, beginning upon August
15th, the Second Brigade marched and skirmished up to the battles of
Gainesville and the Second Bull Run, where the "90th" was depleted by
about two hundred officers and men in killed, wounded and prisoners.
The "90th" was in line at Chantilly, but not actively engaged.
On the way to Antietam the Second Brigade met and repulsed the Con-
federate force at South Mountain. At Antietam the "90th" lost ninety-
eight killed and wounded. Among the latter was Col. Lyle, Acting Bri-
gade Commander. In September the regiment was transferred to the
First Corps, with which it was identified through the ensuing eighteen
months. At Fredericksburg the command lost, among those killed, Lieut.
Charles W. Duke, of Company K, the first officer of the "90th" to perish.
In the Chancellorsville Campaign the regiment was in the battle line
upon May 3d, sustaining some loss. Upon the night of June 30th,
1863, the "90th" camped gladly upon Pennsylvania soil at Marsh Creek,
arriving in position at Gettysburg to the left of the Cashtown Road when
the battle was already raging, holding this position until the line was
forced back through the town to Cemetery Hill, there entrenching. Chap-
lain Horatio S. Howell was killed in front of the Lutheran Church dur-
ing the retreat.* The "90th" numbered that morning two hundred and
eight. All of its loss, a total of ninety-four killed, wounded or captured,
was suffered' in that heroic contest of the "first day" of Gettysburg.
Among the officers wounded were Capt. John T. Durang and Adj. David
P. Weaver. The First Corps was nearly destroyed.! In the great drama
of the second and third days the "90th" had but a minor part. Return-
ing to thei old Virginia battle region, the opposing armies surged to
and fro through the autumn and early winter, the devoted regiments
marching, countermarching, responsive to every alarm. The "90th" added
Mine Run to its battle list. In the course of the winter the First Corps
was consolidated with the Fifth Corps, the "90th" being united with
Maine, Massachusetts and New York troops to form the First Brigade,
Second Division.
At intervals the regiment received accessions of recruits, mainly in
drafted men, most of whom deserted whenever possible to do so. With
the opening of the Wilderness campaign the regiment met with disaster
through a confusion of orders, upon May 5th, losing half of its effective
*A bronze tablet marks the spot where Chaplain Howell, refusing to sur-
render, was slain.
tThe First Corps brought to Gettysburg 8,200 officers and men. Its total
casualties, in killed, wounded and prisoners, amounted to 5,683, leaving less than
twenty per cent, to answer roll call upon the morning of the 2d of July.
no
strength of two hundred and fifty-one men in an unsupported charge. At
Laurel Hill (Spotsylvania), upon the loth, it again lost heavily, including
Lieut. Jesse W. Super killed. The small contingent of the "90th" yet
remaining shared in the fortunes of the brigade (now in the Third Di-
vision) at Cold Harbor, North Anna and in the vicinity of Petersburg.
The regiment was now under the command of Capt. William P. Davis.
Its last important fight was incident to the destruction of the Weldon
Railroad, south of Petersburg, where Lieut. James S. Bonsall was killed
and a number of officers and men captured. Upon November 26th,
while in garrison at Fort Dushane (Weldon Railroad), the regiment's
term of service ended. Those entitled to discharge were mustered out,
and upon arrival at Philadelphia were received with great enthusiasm.
The veterans and recruits were attached to the nth Pennsylvania In-
fantry. Of the original officers at the time of the discharge, Lieut.-Col.
William A. Leech and Maj. Jacob M. Davis were in captivity. Eighteen
field and company officers were mustered out with the regiment or were
transferred to other commands. Col. Peter Lyle was one of the few
Philadelphia officers of his rank who were mustered out with their regi-
ments.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or mortally wounded officers S ; men, 98.
Died of disease " i ; " 126.
Wounded, not mortally See. Regt. Hist.
Captured or missing " " "
BATTLES AND ENGAGEMENTS.
Cedar Mountain, Rappahannock Station, Sulphur Springs, Thoroughfare Gap,
Bull Run, Chantilly, South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Fitzhugh House,
, Chancellorsville^ Gettysburg, Mine Run, Wilderness, Todd's Tav«rn, Spotsylvania,
Laurel Hill, Gumea Station, North and South Anna, Bethesda Church, Cold Harbor,
White Oak Swamp, Petersburg, Jerusalem Plank Road, Weldon Railroad, Poplar
Springs, Ream's Station, Hatcher's Run.
NINETY=FIRST REQIMENT INFANTRY
Colonel Edgar M. Gregory.
Total Enrollment, 2,ico Officers and Men.
THE 91st Regiment was recruited in Philadelphia during the
fall of 1861, and was mustered in on December 4th at Camp
Chase, located east of Darby Road at Fifty-first Street.* On
January 21st, 1862, the command moved to Washington, being
there employed in camp routine and provost duty. From April 22d to
August 23d the "91st" was stationed at Alexandria, Va., of which city
Colonel Gregory was Military Governor. On the latter date the regiment
was assigned to the First Brigade, Third Division, Fifth Corps. The
active field service of the regiment began with the hurried march of
the Fifth Corps to Antietam, the First Brigade arriving after the battle
had ended. The "91st" was destined, however, to share in the severe
fighting at Fredericksburg three months later, where the loss in officers
and men was one of the heaviest inflictions experienced in the course of
its service. While in line of battle upon the Fredericksburg road the
regiment was subjected to heavy artillery fire, losing Lieut. George
Murphy killed and Major Geo. W. Todd mortally wounded. In the
desperate charge upon the heights later in the day the "91st" lost two
officers and eighty-seven men killed and wounded. In the battle of
Chancellorsville, at the opening of the campaign of 1863, Col. Gregory
was severely wounded, t Capt. Theo. H. Parsons and Lieut. George
Black were mortally wounded.
The Fifth Corps reached Gettysburg on the morning of July 2d, and
the "91st" was posted upon Little Round Top, a position which it occu-
pied, despite the repeated assaults upon the left of the Union Line
throughout the day, and which it held to the end of the battle. The
"91st" now marched and camped alternately, with occasional skirmishes,
through forty-five days, traversing old battle scenes to the banks of the
Rappahannock River.
On December 26th, 1863, nearly all of the regiment re-enlisted, ar-
riving home on furlough January 3d, 1864, the event being signalized by
♦Prior to this date a partially organized regiment being formed by Col.
Edward E. Wallace, and which had been in camp upon Ridge road, was merged
into the "91st," of which the latter officer became lieutenant-colonel.
tColonel Gregory remained with the regiment and in the field to the close of
the war, and afterward, as an oflficer of the Freedman's Bureau, he served to No-
vember 30th, 1867. Eventually, he died from the effect of the wound h« received in
this batUe.
Ill
112
parade in, front of Independence Hall.* Six weeks later the command,
with numerous recruits, rendezvoused at Chester, Pa., leaving for Wash-
ington, under command of Lieut.-Col. Joseph H. Sinex, and rejoined
the Fifth Corps, which was soon afterward engaged in the series of
sanguinary battles between the Wilderness and the James River. Colonel
Gregory returned to the regiment at Cold Harbor. The "91st" effected
a crossing of the James River on June 13th, fighting its way to a
junction with the forces in front of Petersburg, losing eighty-two men
killed and wounded. Lieut. John Stewart died from wounds received in
this movement. At this time the veterans and recruits of the 62d Regiment,
Pennsylvania Infantry, not entitled to discharge, were assigned to the
"91st." All of the subsequent service of the regiment, covering a period
of ten months, was experienced south of the James River, the command
taking part in nearly all of the engagements around Petersburg, including
the destruction of the Weldon Railroad and the battle of Five Forks. In
two affairs at Hatcher's Run the regiment lost, respectively, Capt. James
H. Closson and Lieut. John Edgar, Jr., both of whom died from wounds.
At Appomattox the regiment was among those detailed to receive the
arms of the captured Confederates. Turning northward the regiment
marched through Petersburg and Richmond to Washington. Following
the Grand Review the "91st" was encamped at Alexandria to July loth,
where it was mustered out, reaching Philadelphia on July 12th, 1865. In
the course of its career the regiment experienced frequent brigade and
division changes, but it fought, throughout, under the Maltese cross of
the Fifth Corps, t
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed, or died from wounds officers, 6; men, 102
Died from disease or other causes " 2 ; " 84
Wounded, not mortally " 20; " 321
Captured or missing " o; " 69
BATTLES.
Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Rappahannock Station, Mine Run,
Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomoy, Bethesda Church, Cold Har-
bor, Petersburg, Weldon Railroad, Poplar Spring Church (Peeble's Farm), Raid on
Weldon Railroad, Hatcher's Run, Dabney's Mill, Second Hatcher's Run, Boydton
Plank Road, Five Forks, Appomattox Court House.
*The men who did not re-enlist were transferred to the iSSth Pennsylvania
Infantry.
tBadges, distinctive of the several army corps, were issued by general order
from headquarters of the Army of the Potomac on March 21st, 1863
The form of the badge designated the corps. The I divisions of the respective
corps were distinguished by the color of the badge. The First Division, red;
Second Division, white; Third Division, blue, etc. Sheridan's Cavalry Corps
wore a white badge in the pattern of a sun-burst with a blue centre showing
crossed sabres in gold. Wilson's Cavalry Corps badge was a red banner suspended
from a rifle and emblazoned with crossed sabres. All of the army corps adopted
distinctive badges excepting the Thirteenth and Twenty-first Corps.
2
<
>
Q
Z
<
>
<
'J
<
CAMP N. P.. BANKS, 114TH; REGIMENT, COLLIS' ZOUAVES, NICETOWN. July
and, August, 1862.
CAMP BALLIER, 98TH REGIMENT, RIDGE AVENUE. August and September, 1861.
NINETY=FIFTH REGIMENT INFANTRY
(Gosline's Pennsylvania Zouaves)
Colonel John M. Gosline to June 29th, 1862.
Colonel Gustavus W. Town to May 3d, 1863.
Colonel Thomas J. Town to August 6th, 1863.
Colonel John Harper to July 17th, 1865.
Total Enrollment, 1,962 Officers and Men.
COMPANY A of the 18th Regiment, in the three-months' service,
originated in the Washington Blues, a time-honored militia
organization dating from 1817, of which John M. Gosline was
captain. After its term of service had ended Capt. Gosline
with his Lieutenants, Gustavus W. Town, and Thomas J. Town, secured
authority to recruit a regiment of infantry under the synonym "Penn-
sylvania Zouaves." Seven weeks later the command was ready for the
field. All of the companies excepting a part of Company B (which con-
tained a contingent from Burlington County, N. J.) were recruited in
Philadelphia. "Camp Gibson" was established in Jones' Woods near
Hestonville. The regiment was known, numerically, as the "45th."*
The uniform, of a modified Zouave pattern, was neat and picturesque.
The regiment paraded through the city on October 12th, dined at the
Union Volunteer Refreshment Saloon and at 7 P. M. entrained for
Washington, where it established camp. On the 24th it paraded as
escort at the funeral of Col. Edward D. Baker, late commander of the
"California Brigade." The regiment was attached to Gen. Oliver O.
Howard's Brigade, but a few days later was ordered to Gen. John
Newton's Third Brigade of Franklin's Division in the vicinity of Alex-
andria. The "95th" wintered here, and with the opening of the cam-
paign of 1862, after a preliminary advance toward Richmond, Franklin's
Division was sent to the Peninsula and first met the enemy at West
Point at the head of York River. At Gaines' Mills, on June 27th, the
Pennsylvania Zouaves met with fearful loss. One hundred and sixty-
nine of its officers and men were killed or wounded. Among those who
fell mortally wounded were Col. John M. Gosline and Major William
B. Hubbs. Lieut. Hamilton Donahue was killed. The "95th" shared
in the subsequent battles and hardships incident to the "change of base,"
and in August returned by transport to Washington, being rushed at
once to the assistance of Gen. Pope at Manassas. At Crampton's Gap,
incident to the Antietam Campaign, the "95th" had a little battle of its
own, capturing many prisoners and gun from a Georgia battery. At
_*It was also numbered the "S4th," but when, in the following November, the
regiment was credited to the State of Pennsylvania it became the "95th,"
8 113
114
Antietam Franklin's Division broke the Confederate line and held the
field at the "Dunker Church." Here the "95th" lost two killed and
twenty wounded. After the futile demonstration under direction of
Burnside at Fredericksburg the "95th" built its winter quarters at White
Oak Church. On April 28th, 1863, two Philadelphia regiments, the
"119th" and the "95th," were detailed to cross the Rappahannock River
below Fredericksburg and protect the operation of building a pontoon
bridge at the point which was afterward known as Franklin's Crossing,
and which resulted in the storming of Marye's Heights and the coin-
cidental battle at Salem Church. In this stubborn and sanguinary fight
the "9Sth" lost five officers killed, eight wounded, one hundred and
sixty-nine enlisted men killed and wounded, and thirty-seven men cap-
tured.* The dead included Col. Gustavus W. Town, Lieut.-Col. Elisha
Hall and Adjutant Eugene D. Dunton. Major Thomas J. Town was
wounded. The "95th" shared in the great march of the Sixth Corps
to Gettysburg, being then under the command of Capt. Theodore H.
McCalla, and numbering three hundred and fifty-six men. The regi-
mental casualties at this field were small.
The campaign through the balance of the year added to the regi-
mental colors the names of Rappahannock Station and Mine Run. The
"95th" wintered in a fine camp on the Hazel River. While here two
hundred and forty-five of the original members re-enlisted, this being
the first regiment in the Army of the Potomac to veteranize. The
campaign of 1864, under Gen. Grant, began on May 4th with an advance
which continued through forty days of almost constant battling, which
included the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomoy and
Cold Harbor.
The regiment's first experience in this trying period was the loss
of Lieut.-Col. Edward Carroll, killed, in the Wilderness, on May 5th,
and a week later, at the "Bloody Angle" near Spotsylvania, where the
regiment rushed to the support of the right flank of the army and saved
the day, it was once more terribly depleted of officers and men.
In this hard-fought, but triumphant, campaign the regiment lost one
officer and forty-two men killed, five officers and one hundred and twenty-
three men wounded, of whom eleven afterward died.
The menace of Early against Washington sent the Sixth Corps hur-
rying to the defence of the capital. After the affair at Fort Stevens the
pursuit of the Confederates led into the Shenandoah Valley and resulted
in the battle of Fisher's Hill. At Middletown, on October isth, the
term of service of the non-veteran, original members expired. These
men were detained and were engaged, on October 20th, in a fight at
*Maior-Gen. St. Clair A. MulhoUand cites this disaster to the "'psth" in his
book, "Heroism of the American Volunteer," in these words :_ "This splendid Phila-
delphia regiment held ah advanced position where the fighting was desperate and
severe. * * The "95th" ranks with the 20th Massachusetts in having the largest
number of field and staff officers killed in a battle, each losing six."
115
Fisher's Hill, in which several were killed. They were mustered out on
November 2d.
The veterans and recruits were organized into a battalion of four
companies to which were joined a battalion of the 96th Pennsylvania
Infantry, both under the designation of the 95th Regiment. This re-
organized command participated in the battle of Cedar Creek, which
cleared the region of the enemy. It cost the "9Sth" nine killed and fifty-
seven wounded and missing. In December the Sixth Corps joined the
army in front of Petersburg. The "95th" had a share in the active work
which led up to the end of hostilities in Virginia. At its final battle.
Sailor's Creek, three days before the surrender, Capt. James J. Carroll
of Company A, a veteran officer of the original regiment, was killed.
After a brief period of duty at Danville the regiment proceeded, by
leisurely marches, to Washington, was mustered out on July 17th, 1865,
and reached Philadelphia on July 19th, being finally discharged five days
later.*
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died from wounds officers, 11 ; men, 172
Died of disease or other causes " i ; " 72
Wounded, not mortally " 20; " 410
Captured or missing " — ; " 76
BATTLES.
West Point, Gaines' Mills, Seven Days' Battles, Crampton's Gap, Antietam,
Fredericksburg, Franklin's Crossing, Marye's Heights, Salem Church, Gettysburg,
Rappahannock Station, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, Totopo-
tomoy, Cold Harbor, Fort Stevens, Summit Point, Opequon, Fisher's Hill, New
Market, Cedar Creek, Dabne/s Mill, Petersburg (Fort Fisher), Petersburg (as-
sault). Sailor's Creek, Appomattox Court House.
*0n the evening of October 12th, 191 1, survivors of the command held a
re-union banquet in Philadelphia in celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of
their departure to the war. A majority of the one hundred and thirty-three then
known to be living were present.
NINETY=EIQHTH REGIMENT INFANTRY
Colonel John F. Ballier to November 26th, 1862.
Colonel Adolph Mehler to March 12th, 1863.
Colonel John F. Ballier (re-mustered) to July 13th, 1864.
Lieut.-Colonel Charles Reen to June 29th, 1865.
Total Enrollment, 2,025 Officers and Men.
UPON the return of the 21st Regiment of the three months'
service, at the end of July, 1861, Col. Ballier formed, from its
ranks and with new recruits, the 98th Regiment, which was
gathered at Camp Ballier. The men were chiefly of German
origin.* Eight companies left Philadelphia for Washington on September
30th. Two companies, G and H, joined the command in December.
The regiment encamped through the winter at Tenallytown, Maryland. On
March 26th, 1862, the regiment was embarked to Hampton, Va., soon ad-
vancing as part of the Third Brigade, First Division, Fourth Corps, up the
Peninsula, first coming under fire at Williamsburg, May 5th, 1862. As
a part of the advance guard of the army the "98th" marched to Me-
chanicsville, near Richmond, arriving there on May 26th. It thus missed
the battles of Fair Oaks and Seven Pines, fought four days later. In
the "change of base" the regiment skirmished near Fair Oaks, and, on
July 1st, fought at Malvern Hill, losing about fifty killed, wounded and
missing. Suffering much from malarial sickness, the regiment marched
back to Yorktown and proceeded, on transports, to Alexandria, in time
to assist in covering the retreat from Bull Run. In September, the march
was made to Antietam, the division arriving after the close of the battle.
After establishing winter quarters near Falmouth the respite was broken
by the Burnside movement on Fredericksburg and the subsequent "mud
march," in January, 1864.
When Major-Gen. Hooker took command of the Army of the Po-
tomac the "98th" was transferred to the Third Brigade, Third Division,
Sixth Corps. With this historic corps the regiment fought at Marye's
Heights and Salem Heights (both on May 3d). Here Col. Ballier was
wounded and the command reverted to Lieut.-Col. George Wynkoop.
Upon the 4th the regiment was again in action near Bank's Ford, losing
twenty-nine officers and men killed and wounded.
At Gettysburg the Third Brigade was posted near Little Round Top
in the rear of Sickles' position and near the Trostle house. Here, being
out of direct gun fire, it was subject to few losses. After the close of
the campaign of 1863, at Mine Run, on December 2d, the regiment
established winter quarters at Brandy Station. At this time the com-
♦Company A was the exception, most of its members being Irishmen.
116
117
mand numbered but three hundred and twenty-nine; of these, all but
one hundred re-enlisted on December 23d. In January the "98th" was
removed to Charlestown, West Virginia. Soon afterward, leaving the
contingent not re-enHsted at Harper's Ferry, the regiment went to
Philadelphia, on furlough. Again in the field, under Col. John F. Ballier,
at the opening of the Wilderness Campaign, the regiment suffered re-
peated losses at Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomoy
and Cold Harbor. In five weeks the casualties were three officers and
twenty-four men killed, six officers and one hundred and two men
wounded.
At Petersburg the regiment assisted in the first Weldon Railroad
movement, after which the Sixth Corps was hurried upon transports to
Washington, joining the Nineteenth Corps, just arrived from New Or-
leans, in defending the Capital and its forts from threatened capture
by Early. At Fort Stevens, a few miles north of Washington, Early's
column was repulsed on July 12th and the crisis was averted. In this
affair the "98th" lost thirty-six officers and men killed and wounded.
Among the latter was Col. Ballier. In the Shenandoah campaign which
followed, at Opequon, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek (Sheridan's Ride)
two oflBcers and nineteen men were killed, six officers and fifty-six men
wounded. In January, 1865, the remnant of the "98th" left its camp,
near Winchester, to again join in the siege of Petersburg. The regiment
was now commanded by Lieut.-Col. Charles Reen. This officer was
severely wounded on April 2d in a skirmish which cost the regiment still
further losses. After the surrender at Appomattox seven hundred
drafted men and substitutes were assigned to the regiment, and it was
sent forward to Danville.* Following Johnston's surrender to Sherman,
the "98th" marched to Washington, where it was mustered out on Jtme
29th. The veterans were received at Philadelphia with great rejoicing
among the Germans and the citizens generally.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died from wounds oflBcers, 9 ; men, 112
Died of disease " i; " 72
Wounded, not mortally " 29 ; " 329
Captured or missing " 54
BATTLES.
Yorktown, Williamsburg, Malvern Hill, Fredericksburg, Marye's Heights,
Salem Heights, Gettysburg, Rappahannock Station, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spot-
sylvania, North Anna, Totopotomoy, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Fort Stevens,
Opequon, Fisher's Hill, Cedar Creek, Petersburg (Fort Fisher), Petersburg (as-
sault), Sailor's Creek, Appomattox.
*The conscripts and substitutes were without weapons upon this march, but
nevertheless added greatly to the work of the veterans, who were obliged to
watch both these unwilling warriors and the scattered parties of now irresponsible
Confederates.
NINETY=NINTH REGIMENT INFANTRY
Colonel Romaine Lujeane to November 7th, 1861.
Colonel Thomas W. Sweeney to January 24th, 1862.
Colonel Peter Fritz to June loth, 1862.
Colonel Asher S. Leidy to April 9th, 1864.
Colonel Edwin R. Biles to July ist, 1865.
Total Enrollment, 2,140 Officers and Men.
RECRUITING for this regiment was authorized in July, 1861, and
three companies, A, B and C, were ordered to Washington, as
a part of the 32d Regiment, on August 8th, under command
of Romaine Lujeane, an Italian officer, who soon afterward
resigned. The balance of the command was mustered in at various
dates to January x8th, 1862, being forwarded in detachments. A large
proportion of the men had served in the three months' campaign. By
the addition of two companies of the 66th Regiment, which became H
and K of the "99th," the regiment was fully organized. Col. Thomas W.
Sweeney and Lieut.-Col. William P. Seymour, the accredited organizers,
resigned in January, and Peter Fritz was commissioned colonel. Colonel
Fritz was placed in command of a chain of forts forming the southern
defences of Washington, among which the companies were distributed.
Colonel Fritz resigned June loth, 1862, and Lieut.-Col. Asher S. Leidy
was commissioned to succeed. The "99th" joined the Army of the
Potomac at Harrison's Landing, on July 4th, 1862, being attached to
the Second Brigade, First Division, Third Corps. Following a series
of movements, the Third Corps participated in the battles of the second
Bull Run and Chantilly.
At the first advance on Fredericksburg, December 13th, the "99th"
crossed the river on the left under Franklin, and amid desperate fighting
lost sixty officers and men killed and wounded. In the Chancellorsville
campaign Birney's Division, Third Corps, executed a notable charge by
moonlight, and later covered the retreat of the army.
The "99th," under command of Major John W. Moore,* made the
forced march to the field of Gettysburg from Emmitsburg, making its
bivouac on the night of July ist in the Peach Orchard. In the forma-
tion of the troops in front of Little Round Top on the 2d, the position
of the "99th" was near the Devils' Den. Here the "99th" defended its
position gallantly until relieved by a division of the Fifth Army Corps,
then pushing forward, in support of Webb's Brigade of the Second Corps,
to the Emmitsburg Pike, where it remained until the morning of July
*In September, 1864, Major John W. Moore was commissioned colonel of
the 203d Regiment, and was killed on January isth, 1865, in the final assault on
Fort Fisher, N. C.
118
tig
4th.* The official report indicates that the "99th" reached Gettysburg
with three hundred and thirty-nine officers and men, losing in killed,
wounded and missing one hundred and ten.
In the southward march the "99th" took part in the battle of
Wapping Heights. For nearly three months the regiment rested in camp
among the foot-hills of the Blue Ridge, and then, on October loth, it
was put in motion and was engaged in the Kelly's Ford and Mine Run
campaign.
In February, 1864, the majority of the men re-enlisted. Upon
return from furlough, on April 7th, 1864, the old Third Corps having
been consolidated with the Second Army Corps, the "99th" became a part
of Birney's Division.
On April 9th, Colonel Leidy resigned and was succeeded by Lieut.-
Col. Edwin R. Biles. Now the army under Grant, its new commander,
made its last crossing of the Rapidan. The great forward march, which
was to know no retreat, was commenced. The "99th" started, in this
campaign, with three hundred and twenty-five officers and men. At
Spotsylvania it captured two cannons, two battle-flags and many prisoners,
but it reached Cold Harbor with but four officers and sixty men. Here
the thin line was strengthened by the accession of the veterans and
recruits of the 26th Regiment. Thus reinforced, with the brigade, the
"99th" crossed the James River and was merged in the host of besiegers
around Petersburg. Late in July the Second Corps was sent to check a
Confederate movement at Deep Bottom, a second tour to this troublesome
point being necessary in August. Thereafter the fighting was all south
of the James River. In the two weeks preceding the surrender of the
rebel forces, as far as General Lee's army was concerned, the regiment
lost, near Appomattox, seventy-six men killed and wounded. Many of.
these were from a contingent of drafted men received on March 26th.
Marching to Washington, the "99th" participated in the Grand
Review, and upon July ist, 1865, was mustered out at Philadelphia.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died from wounds officers, 9; men, 124
Died from disease or other causes " i ; " 1 17
Wounded, not mortally " 29 ; " 412
Captured or missing " 2; " 155
BATTLES.
Bull Run (second), Chantilly, White's Ford, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville,
Gettysburg, Wapping Heights, Auburn, Kellsf's Ford, Mine Run, Wilderness,
Spotsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomoy, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Strawberry
Plains, Deep Bottom, Poplar Springs Church, Boydton Plank Road, Hatcher's
Run, Petersburg (Watkin's House), Amelia Springs, Appomattox Court House.
*When the regiment reached the pike it was deployed as skirmishers and
videttes sent forward in charge of Lieut. S. Bonnaffon, Jr. During the night of the
3d or the early morning of the 4th they discovered evidence that the enemy was
retreating or preparing to retreat, and so reported.
ONE HUNDRED AND NINTH REGIMENT INFANTRY
(Curtin Light Guards)
Colonel Henry J. Staineook to May 3d, 1863.
LiEUT.-CoL. Lewis W. Ralston to April 12th, 1864.
Total Enrollment, 1,055 Officers and Men.
UPON the return from 1 service of the 22d Regiment in the three
months' enlistment, Capt. Henry J. Stainrook, of Company C,
was commissioned as colonel of volunteers, and began the forma-
tion of a new regiment for the three years' term. Eight of the
ten companies were raised in Philadelphia.
Headquarters were established in the Globe Hotel, on Sixth street,
below Chestnut street, and later a camp was formed at Nicetown. Re-
porting at Washington, upon May loth, 1862, the regiment was assigned
to Cooper's Brigade, Second Division, Bank's Corps, and encamped at
Bolivar Heights, Virginia, then threatened by Jackson's column of Con-
federates. Here the regiment first encountered the enemy. Upon June
2d the brigade was sent to the Army of the Shenandoah, being assigned
to Prince's Brigade, Auger's Division, Banks' Corps, Army of Northern
Virginia. With this force the "109th" fought at Cedar Mountain, August
9th, 1862. Col. Stainrook was wounded here, but remained in the field,
later acting as commander of the brigade at Antietam, where, how-
ever, the "109th" was not actively engaged.
In September, following the last named battle, the regiment was as-
signed to the Second Brigade, Second Division, Twelfth Corps, and again
stationed at Bolivar Heights. In November it was joined to the Third
Brigade of the same division and corps. The only special event of the win-
ter in the experience of the regiment was the ever remembered "mud
march." In April, 1863, the "109th" was returned to the Second Brigade,
which was composed of the 109th, iiith, 124th and 125th Pennsylvania
Regiments. At the series of battles of May ist to 4th, 1863, known as
"Chancellorsville," the "109th" lost heavily, including its brave and
efficient Colonel (Stainrook), who was killed upon May 3d by a sharp-
shooter.
Upon the night of June 30th, 1863, the Twelfth Corps camped at
Littlestown, Pa., about twelve miles east from Gettysburg, resuming
its march upon the morning of July ist. At Two Taverns, a point
two miles from Gettysburg, upon the Baltimore Pike, the Second Brigade
was halted to rest. Resuming the march, it filed to the left, halting on
Little Round Top for the night. The "109th," mustering one hundred
and forty-nine officers and men, was marched early the following morn-
ing with the brigade to a position at the extreme right upon the Rock
Creek slope of Gulp's Hill, where it fortified and awaited the enemy.
120
m
The fighting here began in the evening, continued all night and well
into the morning of the third. The crash of cannon-fire, rattle of
musketry and the burning woodlands through the hours of darkness gave
no rest to the Union army. The final charge of the Confederates,
at this point, ended at 11.30 A. M. on the third, with their repulse.
The "109th" was then stationed along Baltimore Pike to the end of
the battle. At Williamsport, Maryland, on July 12th,, the retreating
enemy was just in front, but the opportunity to then and there wage a
final battle and probably hasten peace was lost.
At the end of September the Twelfth Corps was ordered, under
Major-Gen. Hooker, to the Army of the Cumberland, being combined with
the Eleventh Corps to form the Twentieth Corps. During October the
"lOQth" was engaged in the movements of approach to Chattanooga. Upon
the night of October 28th, six regiments of infantry and a section of
Knap's battery, including the 29th, 109th and iiith Pennsylvania Regi-
ments, were attacked at Wauhatchie, a railroad junction five miles west
of Chattanooga, by a superior force of the enemy. In a fierce battle
of three hours, at 3 A. M., October 29th, the assailants were defeated
with heavy loss. The casualties of the "109th" were four (one officer
and three enlisted men) killed and thirty wounded. The command also
fought at Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge. In January, 1864,
the regiment re-enlisted and was sent on furlough to Philadelphia. The
"109th" rejoined the division on May 5th as a part of the First Brigade.
Gen. Sherman's Georgia campaign now began. Marching south-
ward one hundred miles, the army fought its "one hundred days of
battles." The "109th" lost most heavily at Resaca and Pine Knob.
The heavy fighting ended with the fall of Atlanta. Then ensued the
great march to Savannah and, with the beginning of 1865, northward
through the Carolinas. At Goldsboro, N. C, upon March 31st, the
depleted "109th" was consolidated with the iiith Regiment.
With the surrender of the last armed force of the enemy the
"iiith" was marched to Washington, and mustered out on July 19th,
the veterans of the old "109th" reaching home upon the following day.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died from wounds officers, 3 ; men, 62
Died of disease or other causes officers, o; men, 58
Wounded, not mortally officers, 12; men, 180
Captured or missing officers, 3; men, 42
BATTLES, ETC.
Harper's Ferry, Cedar Mountain, Chancellorsville, Antietam, Gettysburg, Wau-
hatchie, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Resaca, New Hope Church, Pine
Knob, Kennesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, the Savannah Campaign,
and the Campaign of the Carolinas.
ONE HUNDRED AND TENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY
Colonel William D. Lewis, Jr., to December 20th, 1862.
Colonel James Crowther to May 3d, 1863.
LiEUT.-CoL. David M. Jones to October 9th, 1863.
Lieut.-Col. Isaac Rogers to May 28th, 1864.
LiEUT.-CoL. Enoch E. Lewis to June i6th, 1864.
LiEUT.-CoL. Frank B. Stewart to June 8th, 1865.
Total Enrollment, 1,475 Officers and Men.
THIS regiment was organized from six companies recruited west
of the Susquehanna and four companies, E, F, G and I, from
Philadelphia. It was mustered in on October 24th, 1861, and
rendezvoused at Camp Curtin. Col. William D. Lewis, of Phila-
delphia, had held the same rank in the i8th Regiment of the three
months' service. On January 4th, 1862, the regiment reported to Brig.-
Gen. Frederick West Lander, then at Hancock, Maryland, where the
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad was threatened. The regiment was as-
signed to Tyler's Third Brigade, Second Division, Fifth Corps (Banks).
Early in March the "iioth" moved to Winchester, near which, on the
23d, the division, now commanded by Brig.-Gen. James Shields (Gen.
Lander having died), fought the battle of Kernstown, in which the
regiment won great praise, in special orders, for gallantry. Out of
three hundred present the loss was fifty-two killed and wounded. Near
Fredericksburg, in June, the regiment was assigned to the Fourth Brigade,
Second Division, Third Corps, and with this corps was sent to the
Shenandoah Valley, disputing the Confederate advance at Port Republic
and Front Royal. The Fourth Brigade was on duty near Alexandria
and at Warrenton, W. Va. The "iioth" was now assigned to the
Fourth Brigade, Second Division, and, under Gen. Pope, fought at Cedar
Mountain, Thoroughfare Gap and Manassas. During the Antietam cam-
paign the regiment was stationed in the defences of Washington, and
was present, under Gen. Franklin, in the battle of December 13th, at
Fredericksburg, losing heavily. Upon the 23d Col. Lewis resigned be-
cause of disability, and Lieut.-Col. Crowther succeeded him. During
the winter the regiment was reorganized as a battalion of six companies.
In the Chancellorsville campaign of May, 1863, Col. Crowther was killed
and nearly half of the regiment were killed, wounded or captured. The
heavy losses of the Third Corps resulted in a readjustment, in which
the " Iioth" was assigned to the Third Brigade, First Division, com-
manded by Major-Gen. David B. Birney. In the great movement to
head off Gen. Lee from the invasion of Pennsylvania the Third Corps
was already lined up along Pipe Creek, fifteen miles south of Gettysburg
(a point proposed by Gen. Meade for the expected battle), when informa-
122
123
tion impelled Gen. Sickles to hurry to the support of the First and Eleventh
Corps. The Third Brigade was, however, left at Emmitsburg. It was
nearly noon upon the 2d of July when the "iioth" got into the battle
line, its position being at the Peach Orchard, the storm center of the
Confederate assault of the afternoon. Here Col. Jones was wounded
and Major Isaac Rodgers took command. When the regiment was
relieved and fell back to the main line it had lost fifty-three killed and
wounded out of one hundred and fifty-two officers and men present.
The "iioth," now numbering but little more than the strength of a
single company, was subjected to much active work during the fall
in the Rapidan and Mine Run movements. In January, 1864, the regi-
ment re-enlisted, and, after the usual furlough, was recruited and drilled
in preparation for the coming campaign. The brigade was transferred
to the 2d Corps (Hancock's), and Lieut.-Col. Isaac Rodgers was com-
missioned colonel. Six days of battles in the Wilderness now ensued,
during which the regiment again lost heavily. Col. Rodgers was mor-
tally wounded on May 12th. The way to Petersburg was attended with
constant skirmishes and battles, but the Second Corps crossed the James
River on June 14th, appearing in front of Petersburg, and was at once
sent into the cauldron of battle. Here the "iioth" was reinforced by
the veterans and recruits of the 115th Regiment. With this welcome
accession the "iioth" remained among the trenches and forts at Peters-
burg for the ensuing eleven months. In that long period of watching and
waiting the Second Corps crossed the James River upon two occasions,
in both of which the enemy was met and beaten at Deep Bottom. In an
attack upon Fort Steadman, made by the Confederates, upon March
2Sth, 1865, Lieut.-Col. Isaac C. Hamilton was severely wounded, and
the command devolved upon Major Frank B. Stewart, who was later
commissioned colonel, the last of the regiment's leaders. At Amelia
Springs, on April 5th, the enemy was once more encountered. This was
the regiment's twenty-sixth and last battle. The "iioth" participated
in the Grand Review and was mustered out upon June 28th, 1865.
TOTAL LOSSES. (Philadelphia Companies.)*
Killed or died from wounds officers, 3 ; men, 16
Died from disease or other causes " 18
Wounded, not mortally " i; " 13
Captured or missing " 9
BATTLES.
Hancock, Kernstown, Front Royal, Port Republic, Cedar Mountain, Thorough-
fare Gap, Second Bull Run, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Auburn,
Kelly's Ford, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, Totopotoraoy,
Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Strawberry Plains, Deep Bottom, Poplar Spring Church,
Boydton Road, Hatcher's Run, Petersburg (Watkins' House), Amelia Springs,
Appomattox Court House (surrender).
*Not including Company G, of which muster rolls are not on file.
INDEPENDENT CORPS, ZOUAVES D'AFRIQUE, INFANTRY
Captain Charles H. T. Collis.
THIS company included many French soldiers who had served
as Zouaves in the campaigns of France and who had been
identified with the i8th Regiment, in the three months' service.
It was recruited at Philadelphia by Charles H. T. Collis,
proposing to serve as a bodyguard to Major-Gen. N. P. Banks. The
uniform adopted was that of the French Zouaves d'Afrique and was
retained by the corps and by the 114th Regiment, to which it was later
attached, throughout the war.
The corps was mustered in and sent to Fort Delaware on August
17th, 1861, where it was thoroughly drilled in zouave tactics. Late in
September the Zouaves reported to Gen. Banks, at Darnestown, Md.
After a period of guard duty the corps went into winter quarters. In
the spring of 1862 the command served, for a short time, with Geary's
Independent Brigade and then rejoined Gen. Banks in the Shenandoah
Valley. In a number of battles and skirmishes, including Middletown,
Cedar Mountain, second Bull Run, Chantilly and Antietam, the Zouaves
had shown those qualities of dash and bravery for which this type of
infantry is usually famous. After the affair at Middletown, Capt. Collis
was commissioned colonel and detailed to proceed to Philadelphia and
recruit his command to a full regiment. With nine fully uniformed
companies he arrived at Washington upon August 31st, 1862. The
original company in the field, from which many of the officers of the
new regiment were selected, became Company A. (See 114th Regiment.)
ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY
(Collis Zouaves)
Colonel Charles H. T. Collis.
Total Enrollment, 1,100 Officers and Men.
THE single company of Zouaves d'Afrique which Capt. Collis
had recruited and led to war one year before, formed the
basis as Company A of the Zouave regiment raised in Phila-
delphia in the summer of 1862, and which as the 114th In-
fantry left the city upon September ist. At Washington this command
was encamped at Fort Slocum, but soon afterward was assigned to the
First Brigade, First Division, of the Third Corps, then commanded by
124
125
Major-Gen. David B. Birney. The Zouaves received their "baptism of
fire" on December 13th, when the division was rushed across the Rappa-
hannock river, at Franklin's Crossing, below Fredericksburg, to the assist-
ance of the Pennsylvania Reserves. The loss of the "114th" was twelve
killed and seventeen wounded.* The Third Corps appeared in front of
Fredericksburg again in January, 1863 (Burnside's "Mud March"),
and a third time at the end of April, at the beginning of the Chancellors-
ville campaign, crossing the river, however, at United States Ford, about
ten miles above the city. In the battle of May 3d the Zouaves fought
with heroic persistence, finally retiring with a loss of one hundred and
seventy-three killed and wounded. Of the twenty-seven officers present
only three escaped death or wounds. Among those killed were Maj.
Joseph S. Chandler and Capt. Frank A. Elliott of Co. F. The survivors
returned after this bitter experience to camp at Falmouth.
The Third Corps reached Gettysburg after the close of the fighting
upon July 1st, and was ordered to the left of the new line of battle, then
being extended to the Round Tops. On the morning of the 2d Gen.
Sickles advanced a portion of his corps, including the "114th," to and
across the Emmettsburg Pike to the right of the Peach Orchard, under
the command of Lieut.-Col. Fred. F. Cavada. The Zouaves were a fair
mark for the rebel pickets during the morning and for the artillery fire
that preceded the infantry attack later in the day. The Confederates
surged along the line like a billow sweeping a stormy beach, reaching
the front of the "114th" when the Zouaves were forced backward, some,
including Lieut.-Col. Cavada, in command, being captured. The regiment
re-formed under Maj. Edward R. Bowen, took a new position in front
of the Taneytown Road, but was not again heavily engaged in the course
of the battle. The regimental losses were nine men killed, one officer
and eighty-five men wounded, three officers and fifty-seven men captured
or missing. Four of the wounded men subsequently died from their in-
juries. Those captured were near the Sherfy House.
Through the fall and winter of 1863-4 Maj. Bowen continued in
command. Col. Collis being in command of the brigade. The regiment
shared the fortunes of the Third Corps in its marching and fighting, in-
cluding battles along the Rappahannock.
In April, 1864, the "114th" was honored by selection as the first
of six regiments of infantry and one regiment of cavalry organized as
an independent brigade for duty at the headquarters of Gen. Meade.
Col. Collis was appointed commander of this body of troops. This duty
continued until March iSth, 1865, and involved the assistance of other
troops in action, while the elite brigade from headquarters was expected
to exhibit a high standard of gallantry.
* An incident following the battle was the capture of the regimental band of
seventeen pieces, with their instruments. The unfortunate musicians were eventually
exchanged, and being provided with new instruments, remained with the regiment
to the end of the war. (Bates' History, vol. 3, page 1183.)
126
In the final weeks of activity around Petersburg the "114th" was
engaged in the storming of the Confederate works on April 2d, and, during
the pursuit, at Sailor's Creek. At the affair of the 2d, three veteran
officers who had originally served in the Zouaves d'Afrique of 1861 lost
their lives. They were Capt. A. J. Cunningham, Company A, Maj. Henry
M. Eddy,* and First-Lieut. Edward T. Marion, Company I..
After the Appomattox surrender the "114th" was transferred to
the Fifth Corps, with which the Zouaves marched to Washington, where
they were mustered out on May 29th, 1865.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died from wounds officers, 6 ; men, 83.
Died of disease or other causes " s ; " 3S-
Wounded, not mortally " 16; " 261.
Captured or missing . . . : " 4 ; " 122.
BATTLES.
(Including those of the Zouaves d'Afrique, afterward Company A, prior to the
organization of the regiment.)
Middlftown, Cedar Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorville, Get-
tysburg, Wapping Heights, Auburn, Kelly's Ford, Mine Run, Wilderness, Guinea's
Station, Petersburg.
ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY
Colonel Robert E. Patterson to December 2d, 1862.
Colonel F. A. Lancaster to May 3d, 1863.
Total Enrollment, 859 Officers and Men.
IN November, 1861, Col. Robert E. Patterson began the organization
of this regiment, the earlier recruits being placed in camp at
Hestonville. In March the command was encamped at Camden,
N. J. On May 31st the eight Philadelphia companies. A, B, C, E, F.
H, I and K moved to Harrisburg, where they were met by the "up
State" companies and assigned to guard duty over prisoners. On June
25th the regiment was ordered to Fortress Monroe, and thence to Har-
rison's Landing, being there assigned to the Third Brigade, Second Di-
vision, Third Corps. With the exception of the "115th" the Third Brigade
was composed of .New Jersey troops. On August 4th the regiment ad-
vanced with Hooker's Division to Malvern Hill and there first came
under fire. With the end of the McClellan movement the regiment
marched to Yorktown, embarked for Alexandria and joined in Pope's
campaign, during which it participated in the battles at Bristoe Station,
where Jackson's raiders were defeated, at the Second Bull Run (August
* Maj. Eddy was commissioned but not mustered.
127
29th) and at Chantilly. During the Antietam campaign the regiment
was stationed in the defences near Washington. In the first Burnside
advance upon Fredericksburg the "115th," temporarily in command of
Lieut.-Col. Olmstead of the 2d New York Infantry, was under heavy
and long continued fire in the course of Hooker's attack, near Franklin
Crossing. After the trying experience of the "mud march" Col. Olm-
stead was relieved and Lieut.-Col. Lancaster was commissioned colonel.*
At the opening of the battle, May 3d, Col. Lancaster was killed at
the head of his regiment. Under command of Major John P. Dunne
the "115th" pushed on and assisted in the capture of two stands of
colors and many prisoners. The regimental loss in killed, wounded
and missing was one hundred and eleven, including five officers killed
or mortally wounded, and three officers wounded, not mortally. At
Gettysburg the "115th," then mustering but one hundred and eighty-two
officers and men, shared the experiences of the Third Corps in the
actions in front of Little Round Top, on July 2d, losing three men
killed, eighteen wounded and three missing. The struggling armies now
surged back to the old, blood-stained fields and wilds of Virginia,
marching, skirmishing and camping by the way; to and fro across the
fords of the Rapidan the Third Corps advanced and retreated. After
the brief Mine Run campaign the "115th" encamped for the winter at
Brandy Station. In March the Third Corps was discontinued. The
old Second Division was transferred to the Second Corps. A new gen-
eral from the west set the bugles calling in May and the army was put
in motion. The objective point was Petersburg, and the fighting on the
way was terrific. In the Wilderness, at Spotsylvania, on the North
Anna and at Cold Harbor the "115th" gained glory and lost men. After
five weeks of this final battling upon the old fighting ground the "115th"
crossed the James River and advanced to Petersburg. Grant was there
to stay. The wasted regiments were revised. Of the "115th" but seven
officers and eighty-four men remained in the field. It was consolidated
into three companies and attached to the iioth Regiment, the field and
-staff officers being mustered out on June 23d, 1863. The subsequent
service of the veterans and recruits, thus transferred, is a part of the
story of the "iioth."
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed, or died from wounds officers, 6 ; men, 32
Died from disease " 2 ; " 40
BATTLES.
Malvern Hill (2d), Bristoe Station, Groveton, Bull Run (2d), Chantilly, Fred-
ericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North
Anna, Totopotomoy, Cold Harbor.
♦Colonel Patterson had been detailed to duty in charge of drafted men at
Philadelphia in November. Continued disability led to his resignation soon after-
ward. Colonel Lancaster recovered from his wounds and rejoined the regiment in
April, 1862.
ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY
Colonel Dennis Heenan to December 13th, 1862.
Colonel St. Clair A. Mulholland to June 6th, 1865.
Total Enrollment, 1,660 Officers and Men.
THIS regiment was recruited in the summer of 1862, during
which time it was in camp at Jones' Woods on the Lancaster
Pike. The command was mustered in on September ist, leaving
the following day for Washington, where arms, the old style
musket, and camp equipage were furnished. On the 6th the regiment
moved to Rockville, Md. A month later, at Harper's Ferry, the "ii6th"
was attached to Gen. Thomas Francis Meagher's Irish Brigade, Han-
cock's First Division, Second Corps.*
On the way to Fredericksburg in early November the Second Corps
skirmished at Snicker's Gap and Charlestown, Va. Reporting to Major-
Gen. Burnside, in front of Fredericksburg, the"ii6th" crossed the river
to the attack on the 12th, and on the following morning participated in
the historic assault upon Marye's Heights, in which the sacrifice of the
regiment included Lieut. Christian Foltz, killed; Lieut. Robert B. Mont-
gomery, fatally wounded; Major George H. Bardwell, Capt. S. G.
Willauer, Lieut. Robert T. Maguire, Lieut. Garrett Nowlen and Capt.
John O'Neill, wounded. The losses of the rank and file were twenty-
three killed and fifty-three wounded.
At the battle of Chancellorsville a detail of one hundred men of
the "ii6th" saved five guns of the Sth Maine Battery from between
the lines, a gallant act which added much to the fame of the command.
On June 14th, 1863, the Second Corps began its two-hundred-mile
march, ending at Gettysburg. The marching record of June 29th to
Uniontown, Pa., was thirty-three miles. The "ii6th" reached Gettys-
burg late on the evening of July ist, now rated as a battalion, taking
position on Cemetery Ridge. Following the attack upon Sickles' front on
the 2d, the "ii6th," which had been marched with the brigade to the
ground in front of Little Round Top. advancing, met the enemy at close
quarters and effected the capture of a large number of prisoners. That
evening the battalion returned to its first position, which it occupied dur-
mg the final Confederate charge on the 3d. The battalion lost a total of
thirty-seven killed, wounded and missing out of one hundred and
sixty-five officers and men present, t On August 13th, 1863, the orders
*The First Division of the Second Corps lost, in the course of the war, 2,287
killed, 11,724 wounded and 4,833 captured or missing — a total of 18,844, not includ-
ing fatalities from sickness.
t Address of brevet Major-Gen. St. Clair A. Mulholland, Gettysburg, September
nth, 1889.
128
129
came that regimental status of the "ii6th" was to be restored. Major
MulhoUand and other officers were ordered to Philadelphia to secure
recruits. During the period of Major Mulholland's absence the com-
mand devolved upon Senior Capt. Seneca Grubb Willauer.*
Incident to the gradual southward movement subsequent to Gettys-
burg the Second Corps, and especially the Irish Brigade, marched and
fought through the autumn and early winter, its greatest achievement
being participation in a rear-guard march of seventy-six miles in fifty-
six hours, in the course of which it fought two battles in one day, respec-
tively at Auburn and Bristoe Station, guarding the reserve artillery, the
army baggage and capturing two colors, five guns and four hundred and
fifty prisoners. After the trying Mine Run campaign, the battalion went
into winter quarters. In February Capt. Garrett Nowlen became tem-
porary commander. The regimental formation was restored on May 3d,
1864, when Major MulhoUand, having secured his recruits, resumed com-
mand with the rank of colonel, ready to follow General Grant, the new
head of the Army. Then followed the historic series of battles, begin-
ning with the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, Cold Harbor and
lesser combats, and then across the James River to the investment of
Petersburg, leaving all along the trail the graves of comrades fallen in
the awful carnage. Lieut.-Col. Richard C. Dale and Lieut. Henry Kiel
were killed at Spotsylvania. The officers wounded included Col. Mul-
hoUand, Capts. Frank Leib, F. E. Crawford, Charles Coslett, and
Lieuts. Louis Sacriste, Robert J. Alston, S. G. Vanderheyden, John
C. Wright, Zadoc B. Springer and Joseph W. Yocum. Of the enlisted
men fifty were killed, one hundred and twenty were wounded and thirty
were missing.
In its first assault at Petersburg the "ii6th" carried the Confederate
works at a loss of many killed, wounded and missing. At this time the
regiment was detached from the Irish Brigade and became a part of the
Fourth Brigade, then commanded by Gen. John R. Brooke, t The hard-
ships and monotony of life in the trenches gave a welcome zest to the
frequent battles on either side of the James River. In the course of the
ten months occupied in the reduction of the Confederate citadel the regi-
ment lost, among its numerous members slain, Capts. Garrett Nowlen,
Samuel Taggart and Henry D. Price. The "ii6th" made its last fights
in the four battles of the first week in April, 1865, and was not only
witness of the scene at Appomattox, but first to receive the news of the
surrender. After the Grand Review the remnant of the regiment arrived
home and was mustered out on June 6th, 1865. Brevet Major-Gen. St.
♦Acting Major Seneca Grubb Willauer commanded the Ii6th Battalion from
August 13th, 1863, to February 5th, 1864, when he was transferred to the Veteran
Reserve Corps, U. S. A.
+Maior-Gen. John R. Brooke, retired from the regular service in 1903, sur-
vives at the time this book is in course of publication, an honored member of the
military order of the Loyal Legion.
9
I30
Clair A. Mulholland, ,' riding at the head of his veterans, was the only
original officer to be present in the line.
TOTAL LOSSES *
Killed or died from wounds officers, lo; men, 141
Died from disease or other causes " 2 ; 86
Wounded, not mortally "^ 3i ; ,, 307
Captured or missing " 7'> " ^o6y '
BATTLES, ETC.
Charlestown, Snicker's Gap, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg,
Falling Waters, Auburn, Bristoe Station, Mine Run, Morton's Ford, Wilderness,
Todd's Tavern, Po River, Spotsylvania, Spotsylvania Court House, North Anna,
Pamunky River, Totopotomoy, Cold Harbor; assaults on Petersburg, Williams'
Farm; Siege of Petersburg, Deep Bottom, Strawberry Plains, Reams' Station,
Hatcher's Run, Dabney's Mills, Gravelly Run, Sunderland Station, Amelia Court
House, Sailors' Creek, Farmville, Appomattox.
ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY
Colonel Charles M. Prevost to September 30th, 1863.
Colonel James Gwyn to June ist, 1865.
Total Enrollment, 1,296 Officers and Men.
THE patriotic resolution of the Corn Exchange, of Philadelphia,
adopted at a meeting held upon July 24th, 1862, under which
immediate action was taken for the formation of a regiment
of infantry and its equipment, resulted in the rendezvous, one
month later, at Camp Union, near the Falls of Schuylkill, of the historic
command which, nearly one thousand strong, went forth as the ii8th
Regiment. To accomplish this result the Corn Exchange offered the
inducement of a liberal bounty, and provided each recruit with articles of
comfort not usually furnished by 'the Government. Many of the officers
had previously seen service in earlier commands. J
♦The figures relating to officers are taken from the Re^mental History,
brevet Maj.-Gen. St. Clair A. Mulholland. The record of losses in enlisted men
are from the official records of the Adjutant General of the Army.
fOf those captured forty-five died in the Southern prisons.
$Capt. Frank A. Donaldson had formerly served as an officer in the 71st
Regiment and was among those who were made prisoners of war at the action
of Ball's Bluff.
131
The regiment left Philadelphia upon September ist, 1862, reaching
Washington the following day, and was attached to the First Brigade,
First Division, Fifth Corps. A few days later the Fifth Cores was started
upon its trying march through Maryland, which ended at Antietam. Here
the "ii8th" was placed in support of artillery and was not actually in-
volved.
Three days after the battle the regiment participated in a reconnais-
sance, crossing the Potomac at a ford near Shepherdstown. The enemy
having been discovered in force and the purpose of the reconnaissance
accomplished, the troops were ordered to recross to the Maryland side
of the river. Through a mistake the order was not delivered to the
"i i8th", and it was left unsupported to resist the attack of a Confederate
division. The men, although mexperienced, less than three weeks from
home and armed with defective muskets, made a gallant stand, but were
overpowered and compelled to retreat across the river. The losses of
the "iiBth" were seventy-one officers and men killed or who died from
their wounds, seventy-five wounded and sixty-seven captured, a total
of two hundred and thirteen. The Confederate loss in the engagement,
in Gen. Hill's Division, was reported to be two hundred and sixty-two
officers and men.
Bumside's experiment, which occasioned the battle of Fredericksburg,
cost the "iiSth", at the assault upon Marye's Heights, seven killed, forty-
three wounded and sixteen missing. After the January "mud march"
the regiment went into winter quarters. In April Col. Prevost having
recovered from his wounds again took command. A few weeks later
Col. Prevost was promoted and placed in command of the Invalid Corps,
prior to which, however, he led the regiment through the fighting around
Chancellorsville.*
The Fifth Corps started northward upon June loth, having frequent
brushes with the Confederate cavalry en route. Arriving at Gettysburg
upon the morning of July 2d, the regiment was posted near Cemetery
Hill, but in the afternoon it was hurried to the support of Sickles, on
the left, where it became hotly engaged. The following morning the
command was sent to Round Top, which position it occupied to the end
of the battle. At Warrenton, Virginia, on August 6th, one hundred and
nine recruits arrived, and on September 15th one hundred and eighty-five
more were received. Desultory fighting kept the men moving through
the autumn. At the end of the year, at Beverly Ford, Lieut.-Col. Gwyn
received his commission as colonel. During the conflicts in the Wilder-
ness, and in the course of the advance to Petersburg, the "ii8th" had
heavy fighting with numerous casualties. In front of Petersburg the
fighting was constant. Grant was remorselessly wearing out the besieged
enemy. Regiments were used unsparingly, and the "118th" was accorded
*In 1864 Col. Prevost was stationed as commandant at the military prison
located at Elfflira. N. Y.
132
its full share of the work. Early in the following February the army
began upon the final chapter of the war. At Dabney's Mills several of the
regimental officers were killed or wounded. The whole region was alive,
at this time, with moving troops and the deadly grinding of the mills
of war. Petersburg fell upon April 2d, Richmond the next day, and
then, like a cyclone, Sheridan's cavalry swept after the fugitive remnants
still obedient to Lee. The Fifth Corps was at Five Forks upon
the 1st and there had its last fight. The Ii8th Regiment was among
the advanced troops at Appomattox. It was the first to receive and direct
the officer bearing the flag of truce from the Confederate headquarters
which resulted in the end of hostilities. It was deta;iled with the First
Brigade to receive the rebel arms and colors. Fifteen thousand muskets
and eighty-four battle flags were laid down along the brigade front. Turn-
ing homeward, the "ii8th" was in the line of the Grand Review at
Washington upon May 23d. A week later it was mustered out. Upon
arrival at Philadelphia the veterans were splendidly banqueted at Sansom
Street Hall by the Corn Exchange, and upon the loth of June marched
in the review of the returned Philadelphia volunteers.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died from wounds officers, 9; men, 132
Died from disease or accident " I ; " 112
Wounded, not mortally " 18; " 312.
Captured or missing " S ; " 285.
BATTLES.
Antietam, Shepherdstown, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Upperville, Gettys-
burg, Rappahannock Station, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna,
Totopotomoy, Bethesda Church, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Weldon Road, Poplar
Springs Church (Peeble's Farm), Hatcher's Run, Dabney's Mill, Boydton Plank
Road, Five Forks, Appomattox (surrender).
ONE HUNDRED AND NINETEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY
("Gray Reserves")
Colonel Petek C. Ellmaker to January 12th, 1864.
Colonel Gideon Clakk to June 19th, 1865.
Total Enrollment, 1,216 Officers and Men.
THE "119th," composed, in a large degree, of officers and
rank and file from the First Regiment Militia, of Philadelphia,
was known as the "Gray Reserve" Raiment. In its enthusi-
astic recruitment, the officers were effectively aided by a com-
mittee of thirteen citizens. The command was mustered in between
August isth and September 17th, 1862. Responding promptly to the
urgent orders of the Government, the raiment left Philadelphia on
September ist, not fully organized. From the Arsenal in Washington,
with the addition of a tenth company, the command, upon receiving guns
and accoutrements, was sent to Tenallytown. In October the regiment
joined the First Brigade, Second Division, Sixth Corps, then at Hagers-
town, Maryland. Moving to Falmouth, opposite Fredericksburg, in No-
vember, the regiment first came vmder fire in the effort to capture that
stronghold, on December 12th and 13th. After the "mud-march" of
January the "119th" remained in winter quarters. In February the regi-
ment was assigned to the Third Brigade, First Di^^sion, with which it was
identified throughout its subsequent career. Upon the opening of the
Chancellorsville campaign the Sixth Corps was moved, at night, to the
right bank of Rappahannock river, at Franklin's Crossing. On !May
3d, 1863, in the two battles of Marye's Heights and Salem Chiu-ch the
regiment lost twelve killed and one hundred and twelve wounded, or
about thirty-five per cent, of effective strength.
In the evening of July ist, 1863, the Sixth Corps was at Man-
chester, Maryland, from which camp, at ten o'clock, began the historic
forced march of thirty-seven miles to Gettysbure. Arrivin? at 4.30 P.
M. on the 2d, the corps remained in the rear of the Fifth Corps, taking
position, early on the 3d, at the extreme left, in rear of Round Top,
a post of great responsibility, but, as events proved, far from the heavy
fighting of the day. On tiie 4th the "119th" occupied Little Round
T<^. Pursuing and skirmishing with la^ard fragments of Lee's Army,
notably at Fairfield Gap and Funkstown, the Third Brigade finally
rested at Warrenton, where about two hundred recruits were received
by the "119th."
At Rappahannock Station, on November 7th, the Third Brigade,
under command of Col. Ellmaker, led the assault upon the enemy's
works, resulting in the capture of sixteen hundred prisoners and a large
amount of material. In tiiis brilliant affair the "119th" lost seven killed
133
134
and forty-three wounded, three of the killed being Capt. Cyrus M.
Hodgson and Lieuts. Edward Everett Coxe and Robert Reaney. After
the brief Mine Run campaign, the "119th" had a respite of six months
of routine. On January 12th, 1864, Col. Ellmaker resigned, and was
succeeded by Lieut.-Col. Gideon Clark.
With the beginning of the forward movement of May, 1864, di-
rected by Major-Gen. U. S. Grant, the armies met in the dark and
bloody Wilderness, and, in the week following May 5th, the "119th"
lost two hundred and fifteen oiBcers and men. Then, at the North
Anna, the Pamunkey, Totopotomoy and Cold Harbor, further weeks of
carnage ensued, until, on the 19th of June, the "119th" found its task
again in the trenches around Petersburg. In the course of the deadly
six weeks following its departure from its winter) quarters on, Hazel
river the regiment lost, among those slain in battle. Major Henry
P. Truefitt, Capt. Charles R. Warner and Lieuts. George G. Lovett,
Edward Ford and George C. Humes.
Soon after the return of the Third Brigade from the crippling of
the Weldon Railroad it was dispatched, withi the entire Sixth Corps,
to Washington, meeting Early's invasion at Fort Stevens, driving his
troops back to the hills and, under Sheridan, scattering them at Win-
chester.
At this time the "119th" was detached and detailed for duty at
Philadelphia, in anticipation of election disturbances. Its absence from^
the front covered a period of about two weeks. The command then
returned to Winchester, Va., where the Third Brigade remained until
November 30th, then returning to the vicinity of Petersburg.
In the final campaign, resulting in the dislodgement of the enemy
from Petersburg, and in the pursuit, ending at Appomattox Court House,
the regiment had its almost constant share of danger, loss and glory.
In the final assault at Petersburg Adjt. John D. Mercer was fatally
wounded. After the surrender the Sixth Corps was sent, as a pre-
cautionary measure, to Danville, but with the passing of the exigency,
turned homeward. The "119th" arrived in Philadelphia on June 6th
and on the 19th was mustered out.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died from wounds officers, 9 ; men, 132
Died from disease or other causes " i ; " 71
Wounded, not mortally " 12 ; " 279
Captured or missing " 75
BATTLES, ETC.
Fredericksburg, Marye's Heights, Salem Church, Gettysburg, Rappahannock
Station, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomoy, Cold
Harbor, Petersburg, Fort Stevens, Winchester (Opequon), Dabney's Mill, Peters-
burg (Port Fisher), Petersburg (assault). Sailor's Creek, Appomattox Court
House.
ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY=FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY
Colonel Chapman Biddle to December ist, 1863*
LiEUT.-CoLONEL Elisha W. Davis to April 20th, 1863.
LiEUT.-CoLONEL ALEXANDER BiDDLE to January 9th, 1864.
LiEUT.-CoLONEL Thomas M. Hall to January 9th, 1864.
Philadelphia Companies B, C, D, G, H, I, and K.
Total Enrollment, 891 OfScers and Men.
IN the formation of this regiment the recruits gathered largely from
Venango County for the proposed i4Sth Regiment by Elisha W.
Davis were included.f These mountaineers were organized as
Companies A, F and part of E. The balance of the regiment was
raised in Philadelphia. The "121st" camped near Chestnut Hill, in August
and September, 1862, and was soon afterwards sent to Arlington Heights,
Va. On October ist the command was moved to Frederick, Md., and at-
tached to the First Brigade, Third Division of the First Corps, which
was mainly composed of Pennsylvania Reserves, and commanded by
Major-Gen. George Gordon Meade. With these experienced troops the
"i2ist" entered its first battle, at Fredericksburg, December i.-^th, losing,
in the campaign, one hundred and eighty killed and wounded. The
heroic steadiness of the "121st" at Fredericksburg elicited special praise
from Gen. Meade. A number of officers and men were mentioned for
bravery in special orders, among them Lieut. Joseph G. Rosengarten, who
saved the colors after the color bearer had fallen.:]:
The routine of the winter camp was broken bv the "mud march"
and one or two minor expeditions. The activities of the army began upon
the opening of May, 1864, with the battle of Chancellorsville, where the
loss of the "i2ist" was small in numbers. One of the officers killed was
Capt. W. D. Dorr, a gallant soldier. § The First Corps began its north-
ward march (ending at Gettysburg) on June 12th, reaching the field and
*Col. Chapman Biddle had been identified with the old militia in Phila-
delphia and was among the first to act, at the critical moment, in April, 1861,
for the military support of the National Government. He organized Company A
of the 1st Regiment Pennsylvania Artillery, which was later known as Landis'
Battery. Capt. Biddle and Lieut. Alexander Biddle resigned in August to organize
an infantry regiment, which was designated the "121st."
fThe Venango County recruits, on arrival in Philadelphia, were placed in
Camp John C. Knox near Manayunk, where they were quartered until consoli-
dated with the "l2ist." They were chiefly woodsmen and good marksmen, thus
adding greatly to the effectiveness of the command.
JLieutenant Rosengarten was soon afterward detailed upon the staff of Major-
Gen. John F. Reynolds.
§Capt. William W. Dorr, of Company K, killed at Spotsylvania on May loth,
1864, was a son of the Rev. Dr. Dorr of Christ Church, upon the walls of which his
comrades placed a memorial tablet.
136
going into position upon the extreme left of the line at eleven o'clock
A. M. on July ist. This position was held nearly five hours.
The First Brigade, which had gone into battle with twelve hundred
and eighty-seven officers and men, numbered, for further duty at the close
of the day, but three bunded and ninety * In the retreat to Cemetery
Hill the regiment made a stand at the Seminary, and. from a barricade,
held the advancing Confederates back until nearly all of the army had
passed. Falling back through Gettysburg the "121st" called the roll. Out
of seven officers and two hundred and fifty-six men in the line that
morning, but two officers and eighty-two men responded, t Upon July
2d the regiment was posted on the Taneytown Road to the left of the
cemetery, and on the 3d near the center of the line and in reserve.
After Gettysburg, ten months elapsed before the regiment was again
engaged in battle. In the meantime it had performed a great amount
of marching, guard duty and picketing. In March, 1864, the remnants of
the First Corps were distributed, the "121st" going to the Third Brigade,
Fourth Division, Fifth Corps. With some brigade and division changes
it remained in this corps to the end of the war. Between May 4th and
June i6th, 1864, or from the Rapidan to the James, the Fifth Corps
fought its way almost daily, each brigade and regiment having its own
hardships, losses and victories. The "121st" lost many of its veteran
members and several officers. At Petersburg the regiment was engaged
upon the construction of the famous "Fort Hell," near the "Mine." It
participated in the first and second expeditions sent to destroy the Weldon
Railroad, and was in the affairs of Boydton Plank Road and Five Forks.
At Appomattox Court House the regiment was detailed to guard duty
during and after the formalities of the surrender. On May 12th it was
sent, with captured property, to Burkeville, and from that point began
the homeward march. At Washington it participated in the Grand
Review, and was mustered out on June 2d, 1865.
TOTAL LOSSES, t
Killed or died from wounds officers, 5 ; men, 104.
Died from disease or other causes " 2 ; " 66.
Wounded, not mortally, officers and men 293.
BATTLES.
Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North
Anna, Totopotomoy, Bethesda Church, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Weldon Railroad,
Peeble's Farm, Dabneys Mill, Boydton Plank Road, Five Forks, Hatcher's Run,
Appomattox Court House.
*The 1st Brigade was in command, at that time, of Lieut.-Col. Chapman Biddle.
The regiment was in command of Major Alexander Biddle.
tThe inscription upon the regimental monument indicates a loss, at Gettys-
burg, of twenty men killed or fatally wounded, five officers and ninety-three men
wounded, and sixty captured, out of three hundred and six present.
M 2
SI
1-1 a
bw" S
< g
u ^
H
I?
O
H
H
tn
Ph
<;
CAMP UNION, iiSTH REGIMENT, QUEEN LANE, FALLS OF SCHUYLKILL,
August, 1862.
CAMP GALLAGHER, 13TH CAVALRY (i BATTALION), FALLS OF SCHUYLKILL.
August and September, 1862.
ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY
LiEUT.-CoL. Ario Pardee, Jr.
Philadelphia Companies M and P.
Total Enrollment, 150 Officers and Men.*
WHILE the 28th Regiment was in camp at Louden Heights,
Virginia, in October, 1862, a regiment was organized at
that point, which became the "147th" Infantry of the Penn-
sylvania line. Five companies of the "28th" were transferred
to the new command, two of which, M and P, numbering one hundred
and fifty men, were from Philadelphia.* Major Ario Pardee, Jr., of the
"28th," became commander of the "147th," with the rank of lieutenant-
colonel. The two regiments were sometimes styled the "28th Legion."
The "147th," in the First Brigade, Second Division, Twelfth Corps, par-
ticipated in the second Burnside campaign of January and February,
1863, and the Chancellorsville Campaign of May, losing about one hun-
dred in killed, wounded and missing. In June, 1863, the regiment moved
with the Twelfth Corps to Gettysburg, taking position on the evening
of July 1st near Round Top, and later at Culp's Hill. On the night
of the 2d and forenoon of the 3d the "147th" was engaged at the latter
point, losing twenty-five killed and wounded. With the Hooker transfer,
the "147th" was sent to reinforce the Army of the Cumberland, becoming
a part of the Second Division of the Twentieth Corps. It was in line
at the battles of Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge and Ringgold.
On December 29th, 1863, the majority of the men re-enlisted and, after
the usual furlough, returned to join Gen. Sherman's campaign through
Georgia and the Carolinas, having a part, with the 28th and 29th Regi-
ments, in all of the dangers, hardships and glory of that crowning achieve-
ment of the war. The thrilling story of the arduous campaign of the
army led by Gen. William T. Sherman is equally the story of this
efficient regiment. Soon after the surrender of Gen. Johnston the Penn-
sylvania troops were moved to Washington and there, on July 15th, 1865,
the "147th" was mustered out of the service.!
BATTLES.
Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge, Ringgold, Dug
Gap, Rocky Fall Ridge, New Hope Church, Pine Knob, Nose's Creek, K«nesaw
Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta (march to the sea).
* In addition to these two Philadelphia companies, a company of drafted men
under Capt. Charles Fair, which had been on duty at the Schuylkill Arsenal, was
attached to the "147th" in September, 1863.
fThe casualties of the two Philadelphia companies are not obtainable.
137
ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH REGIMENT INFANTRY
(Third Bucktails)
CoLONEi, Langhorne Wister to February 22d, 1864*
CoLONEi, H. S. HuiDEKOPER to March 5th, 1864.
Colonel George W. Jones to June 23d, 1865.
Philadelphia Companies A, B, D and F.
Total Enrollment, 420 Officers and Men.
THIS regiment was partly recruited in Philadelphia (which fur-
nished companies A, B, E and F) and in the Counties of Craw-
ford, Union and McKean. It rendezvoused at Camp Curtin,
being mustered in on September 4th, 1862. Soon afterward the
command was sent to Washington and assigned to guard duty. Com-
panies D and K were stationed at the Soldiers' Home, where President
Lincoln and his family resided in the summers. The latter company,
from Crawford County, commanded by Capt. David V. Derrickson, was
retained to the end of the war as the special guard of the President.f
In February the "150th" became part of the Second (Bucktail)
Brigade (Brig.-Gen. Roy Stone), Third Division, First Corps. In
May General Stone's brigade was present at the battle of Chancellors-
ville, but was not actively employed. The Third Division, under Major-
Gen. Abner Doubleday, reached the scene of the opening battle at Gettys-
gurg at 11.30 A. M. on July ist. The "150th," mustering three hun-
dred and ninety-seven officers and men, was in position on the left of the
Chambersburg Pike, near Willoughby Run. This position was held
until near four o'clock, the regiment then retreating toward and through
the town. In the retreat the regiment colors were lost.t The remnant
of the regiment re-formed on Cemetery Hill, but two officers remaining.
Three officers had been slain. Col. Wistar and twelve of his officers, the
majority wounded, had been captured. On the morning of July 2d one
hundred and nine (including the two officers) were present for duty.
*Col. Langhorne Wister, of Philadelphia, had served as captain of Company
B, 42d Regiment, the original "Bucktails," which was designated the 13th Regi-
ment, Reserve Corps.
tPresident Lincoln wrote a "request" on November 1st, 1862, that this com-
pany should be allowed to remain as his personal guard. He honored Capt. Der-
rickson as a companion and friend. When the latter was transferred to duty in
Pennsylvania he was succeeded by Lieut. Thomas Getchell.
tThe colors were captured from a wounded color-bearer by North Carolina
troops, and were sent to Jefferson Davis. They were found among his effects
when he was captured, at the close of the war, and are now preserved at the
Capitol at Harrisburg.
138
139
During the day the regiment was active at various points of danger, and
after nightfall advanced and recaptured two guns of a regular battery,
lost during the afternoon. Retiring from picket duty early on the 3d,
and while on the battle line in the afternoon, some further casualties oc-
curred. The total regimental loss (as officially stated) was fifty-seven
killed, one hundred and thirty-nine wounded and seventy-seven captured
or missing ; a few of the latter, however, were accounted for the morning
of the 2d.
With an accession of recruits, the "150th" participated in the move-
ments of the army upon the Rappahannock, finally forming its winter
camp at Culpeper. Col. Wister, who had been exchanged, resigned on
February 22d. The regiment was transferred, in March, to the Third
Brigade, Fourth Division, Fifth Corps, and was now commanded by
Major George W. Jones,* promoted from captain.t
With the Fifth Corps the "150th" was engaged in the heavy fighting
which began on May 5th in the Wilderness, and which ended at Be-
thesda Church, on June ist. Crossing the James River the deadly
struggle was renewed around Petersburg. The "150th" was among the
troops at the Mine Explosion, the first move on Weldon Railroad (where
it built Fort Dushane), at Hatcher's Run, and, in December, in the de-
struction of the Weldon Railroad. As a great number of prisoners had
been captured the war-worn "150," with the "149th," was sent, as
guards, to the prison camp at Elmira, N. Y., and remained there on duty
until mustered out, on June 24th, 1865. Company K (President's
Guard) was mustered out at Harrisburg on June 15th, 1865.
TOTAL LOSSES.*
Killed or died from wounds officers, 4; men, 108
Died from disease or other causes " i ; " 94
BATTLES.
Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wilderness (two days), North Anna, Spotsyl-
vania (three days), Totopotomoy, Hatcher's Run, Bethesda Church, Petersburg,
Weldon Railroad. Dabney's Mill.
♦Both Lieut.-Col. Huidekoper and Major Thomas Chamberlin had resigned
on account of wounds.
tCapt. Cornelius A. Widdis (subsequently commissioned lieutenant-colonel) be-
came a prisoner July ist, 1863, at Gettysburg, and was not released until the
end of the war.
JCol. Thomas Chamberlin, the regimental historian, states that the exact
number of wounded, captured and missing cannot be enumerated. The regimental
history (Edition of 1905) includes a list of forty-nine men captured, of whom
twenty-three died at Richmond and Andersonville.
As a grraphic and entertaining presentation of experiences in a soldier's life,
few books of the Civil War equal the "Recollections of a Drummer Boy," a
work written by Harry M. Kiefer, of the isoth Regiment.
ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY=SEVENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY
LiEUT.-CoL. Edmund T. Tiers.
Total Enrollment, about 350 Officers and Men.
WHEN partially recruited in December, 1862, this command was
ordered to guard duty at Fort Delaware. Upon February
27th, 1863, the recruits of a tentative regiment, designated
the "is6th," "Board of Trade Rifles," were enlisted with the
"iS7th," the whole being organized as a battalion of four companies.
The battalion was assigned to duty in the defences around Washington
as a part of Tyler's Division, Twenty-second Corps.
In May, 1864, the battalion was attached to the Second Brigade,
Fourth Division, Fifth Corps. In this position and with the Second
Division later, the "157th" experienced a considerable period of fighting.
The battalion was transferred to the 191st Regiment* in front of
Petersburg on March 21st, 1865, and with that regiment shared in the
engagements and pursuit of the enemy immediately preceding the sur-
render of Lee's army at Appomattox. Soon after this great event the
"191st" marched to Washington, took part in the Grand Review upon
May 23d, and was mustered out June 28th, 1865.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died from wounds 31 ™sn.
Died from disease 34
BATTLES.
Bethesda Church, Petersburg, Mine Explosion, Weldon Railroad, Poplar
Springs Church, Yellow House, Boydton Plank Road, Hatcher's Run, Warren's
raid, Dabney's Mills, Hatcher's Run, Appomattox campaign.
♦The 190th and 191st Regiments were formed from veterans and recruits
of the several Pennsylvania Reserve regiments at the end of their respective terms
of service. The greater part of these regiments suffered capture and long imprison-
ment at Andersonville and other southern prison pens, where a large percentage
died. For an impressive narration of their experiences the reader is referred to
pages 281-287, Volume V, Bates' History of the Pennsylvania Volunteers. The men
of the "191st" still in the field, together with the "lS7th," were armed with
Spencer repeating rifles, with which they did effective work in the running fights
between Hatcher's Run and Appomattox.
140
ONE HUNDRED AND EIQHTY-THIRD REGIMENT INFANTRY
(Fonrth Union League Regiment)
Colonel George P. McLean to May 3d, 1864.
Colonel J. F. McCxjllough to May 31st, 1864.
Colonel James C. Lynch to March 13th, 1865.
Colonel George T. Egbert to July 13th, 1865.
Total Enrollment, 1,200 Officers and Men.
OF the nine infantry regiments of Philadelphia organized under
the direction of the Union League, the "183d" served longest
and experienced, by far, the most vicissitudes. It was re-
cruited during the fall of 1863 and through the following
winter. Camp was established in Frankford, but was subsequently lo-
cated in barracks upon the lot now covered by the buildings of the
Union League. The command left Philadelphia upon February 23d,
1864. The "183d" was the last distinctively local regiment sent to the
front. Upon reporting it was assigned to the First Brigade, First Di-
rision, Second Corps, then upon the Rapidan river.
The newcomers were led without dday into the very heart of war.
In the month dating from May 5th the brigade participated in seven
battles, a record for raw troops probably unequalled in the annals of
the Pennsylvania line.* In the course of the camoaign, during May,
Col. George P. McLean, Lieut-Col. William Powell, Major John Reynolds
and Adj. Theodore F. Mann resigned, the last named because of ill
health. Capt. John F. IMcCullough, a veteran officer of Company A,
140th Regiment, was commissioned colonel. This dficer was killed upon
May 31st, at Totopotomoy Creek. Two weeks later Capt. James C.
Lynch, of the io6th Regiment, Acting Inspector General of the Second
Division, Second Corps, was commissioned third colonel of the "183d."'
The regiment was moved to the front at Petersburg, being actively en-
gaged in assaults and skirmishes. While here the re-enlisted men and
recruits of the 72d Regiment (Baxter's Zouaves) were added to the
"183d." !Maj. George T. Egbert became lieutenant-colonel and Capt.
Augustine T. Lynch major. The Second Corps was twice sent across
the James river, meeting the enemy on both occasions. At Deep Bottom
the regiment assisted in the capture of four guns. At Ream's Station,
upon the ^^'eldon Railroad, south of Petersburg, the '■183d" was again
engaged, on August 25th. Diu-ing the fall and winter the regiment was
engaged in guard and outpost dut)- incident to the siege. Upon October
6th Col. Lynch was mustered out. He was succeeded by Lieut.-Col.
*At Spotsylvania, on Hay 14th, a party of volunteers from the brigade, led
by Captain Augustine T. Lynch, of this regiment, captured two Confederate guns
from between the lines.
141
142
George T. Egbert. Maj. Augustine T. Lynch became lieutenant-colonel
and Capt. Horace P. Egbert major.
In the constant fighting marking the final struggles of the besieged
Confederates, the regiment was repeatedly under fire, losing some offi-
cers and men killed, wounded or captured. In these movements the
First Division was detached and, under Gen. Nelson A. Miles,* joined
Gen. Sheridan's force at Five Forks, and while returning met the enemy
in an engagement, on April 2d, at Sutherland's Station, a point on the
South Side Railroad. The "183d" shared, also^ in the final combats
at Farmville and Appomattox. After the surrender the march to Wash-
ington and the Review of May 23d, the "183d" was returned to Phila-
delphia, where it was mustered out on July 13th, 1865.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died from wounds officers, S ; men, 92.
Died of disease or other causes " 3 ; " 89,
BATTLES.
Wilderness, Spotsylvania, Corbin's Bridge, Po River, North Anna, Toto-
potomoy, Cold Harbor, Petersburg,, Strawberry Plains, Deep Bottom, Ream's
Station, Five Forks, Sutherland Station, Farmville, Appomattox Court House.
*This detour is mentioned by Gen. Nelson A. Miles in his "Recollections."'
Cosmopolitan Magazine, March, 191 1, in these words:
"The hardest fighting and greatest loss of life occurred in the First
Division, Second Corps, in which more men were killed and wounded than in
any other division, East or West. This division broke through the enemy's
lines and routed a division of the enemy at Sutherland Station, made most
important captures at Sailor's Creek, and led the pursuit so vigorously and
tenaciously that Gen. Lee rode up to our very lines on the morning of April
gth to surrender the Army of Northern Virginia.
ONE HUNDRED AND EIQHTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INFANTRY
Colonel Henry Feink.
Total Enrollment, 1,079 Officers and Men.
T
HIS regiment was recruited in Philadelphia in the spring of
1864 for provost duty. Many of its officers had served in other
commands. The regiment was stationed at Philadelphia
throughout its term of service, which ended August 15th, 1865.
FIRST BATTALION INFANTRY (SIX MONTHS' SERVICE)
Lieutenant-Colonel Joseph F. Ramsey.
Total Enrollment (Philadelphia Companies), about 200 Officers and Men..
TWO companies of this regiment, C, Capt. John R. Miles, and
E, Capt. W. F. Robinson, were raised in Philadelphia. The
regiment was mustered in on June 23d, 1863, and was en-
gaged in various parts of the State on duty in provost and
draft riot emergencies. Co. C was stationed at the provost barracks,
Fifth and Buttonwood streets, Philadelphia. At the end of its period
of service the battalion was re-enlisted and recruited, forming the 187th
Regiment, three years' service.
ONE HUNDRED AND EIQHTY=SEVENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY
Colonel Joseph F. Ramsey to September 29th, 1864.
Colonel John E. Parsons to August 3d, 1865.
Total Enrollment (Philadelphia Companies), about 150 Officers and Men.
THIS riegiment was formed from the First Battalion Infantry,
in service six months, on provost duty from July, 1863, to
the end of the year, and which contained two companies, E
and F, from Philadelphia. Although all of the field officers
were from other communities of the State, at least seventeen of the com-
pany officers were Philadelphians.
143
144
The regiment was organized at Camp Curtin in March, 1864. The
command reached Washington on May 19th. Marching to the front
it joined the army during the battle of Cold Harbor and vras assigned
to the First Brigade, First Division, Fifth Corps. With this corps the
"187th" fought its way to join the lines then investing Petersburg,
and shared in the movements and sorties, involving continuous skirmish-
ing, through the summer, during which the regiment lost many officers
and men. On September 22d, 1864, the regiment was detached and
ordered to Philadelphia. With headquarters at Camp Cadwalader,* the
"187th" was employed on provost duty in Philadelphia and at disturbed
points in the State. t Col. Ramsey having resigned and Major George
W. Merrick being disabled from wounds, Capt. John E. Parsons (then
assistant adjutant-general of the brigade) was commissioned lieutenant-
colonel. The regiment acted as a guard of honor upon the arrival and
departure of the remains of President Lincoln in April, 1865. The
"187th" was assembled at Harrisburg and mustered out on August 3d,
1865.
TOTAL LOSSES (Philadelphia Companies).
Killed or died from wounds men, 8
Died from disease and other causes " . 9
BATTLES.
Cold Harbor, before Petersburg, Jerusalem Plank Road, Weldon Railroad
(June 2lst-23d, 1864), Mine Explosion, Weldon Railroad, August i8th-2lst, 1864).
*"No military rendezvous of any kind established in this city since the breaking
out of the war has been the cause of so much complaint or the source of as
many communications of a disparaging character as Camp Cadwalader. These
complaints consist mainly of suffering endured by the men stationed there and
injustice done them by a certain set of unprincipled officials who have charge of
matters and things generally within the enclosure. Filthy quarters, miserable diet,
embezzlement of money belonging to soldiers, an utter disregard for the welfare
and comfort of the men, constitute a portion of the evils complained of and which
have caused so many desertions that would otherwise not have taken place." Quoted
from a Philadelphia newspaper (History of the 187th Regiment).
tifVt all times, dating from the first draft, a considerable element of the Penn-
sylvania population dwelling in remote sections were strongly opposed to military
service. In this respect they held the same attitude as that of the loyal mountaineers
of the South, who only became soldiers of the Confederacy upon compulsion. The
tasks of the military detachments sent out under the orders of the provost marshals
to enforce conscriptions, capture deserters and break up disloyal gatherings were
full of incident and danger. The "Army of Fishing Creek" is not mentioned in
Official Reports, but that it deserves a place in Civil War history is vouched for
by a correspondent of the Philadelphia Inquirer, who was witness of its "invasion
of Columbia County," in September, 1864, a narration of which may be found in
"The American Bastile," John A. Marshall, page 310.
ONE HUNDRED AND EIQHTY=EIQHTH REGIMENT INFANTRY
Colonel George K. Bowen to March 27th, 1865.
Colonel John G. Gregg to July ist, 1865.
Colonel James C. Briscoe to November 26th, 1865.
Colonel Samuel Irvin Givin to December 14th, 1865.
Total Enrollment, 1,200 Officers and Men.
TWENTY months after the 1526 Regiment (3d Heavy Artillery)
had entered the service, a regiment of infantry was formed
from its surplus men, of whom about six hundred volunteered
for the purpose, and, with additional recruits, the command
took the field as the "i88th," under command of Lieut.-Col. George K.
Bowen, formerly captain of Company C, iS2d Regiment. A large pro-
portion of the officers and many of the enlisted men were Philadelphians.
At Yorktown in April, 1864, it was assigned to the Third Brigade, First
Division, Eighteenth Corps. Early in May the corps was embarked to
Bermuda Hundred and advanced to invest Fort Darling, a strong work
at Drury's Bluff, six miles below Richmond. During an assault on
May i6th the right wing of the regiment was driven back from an
advanced position and in course of the movement was fired upon by the
supporting troops by mistake, the loss partly from this error being eleven
men killed and sixty wounded. In the terrific fighting of June ist and
3d at Cold Harbor the "i88th" again lost a large percentage. The corps
was now moved to the lines at Petersburg, occupying an exposed posi-
tion on the extreme right. Here, in two month's time, the "i88th" lost
about half of its effective force from powder and sickness.
At the capture of Fort Harrison the skilled artillerymen of the
"i88th" manned the fortress guns and materially expedited the flight
of the enemy, who returned, however, to suffer still worse punishment
at the hands of the captors, on the following morning. In holding
Fort Harrison against the persistent efforts of the Confederates to re-
cover it, the "i88th" lost, in killed and wounded, about one hundred
and sixty officers and men.
At the end of the campaign the Eighteenth Corps was reorganized
as the Twenty-fourth Corps. Four hundred recruits now joined the
regiment and winter quarters was constructed. On March 4th, 1865,
the brigade (now the "Third" of the Third Division) was sent on an
expedition by transports to Fredericksburg, to destroy Confederate
supplies. As soon as it was discovered at Fort Harrison, on April 3d,
that Richmond was being deserted by the enemy the Union troops
were rushed to the city, the "i88th" assisting in subduing the fires and
in restoring public order. The Third Brigade was encamped at Man-
chester. Some weeks after the surrender at Appomattox the members
10 145
146
of the iggih Regiment, whose enlistments had not expired, were merged
with the "i88th," Col. James C. Briscoe, of the former, taking com-
mand, and the regiment moved to Lynchburg. Upon the promotion of
Col. Briscoe as brigadier-general in command of the post, Lieut.-Col. S.
Irvin Given was advanced to the colonelcy. The several companies were
stationed at Danville and other points in Virginia to enforce good order,
and remained in this trying service until December 14th, when the regi-
ment was assembled at City Point and mustered out.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died from wounds officers, 10; men, 114
Died from disease officers, 2 ; men, 66
BATTLES, ETC.
Drewry's Bluff, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Chaffin's Farm, Fair Oaks (second),
occupation of Richmond.
INDEPENDENT COMPANY ACTING ENGINEERS
Captain Henry E. Wrigley to November 8th, 1862.
Captain Albert S. White to March 29th, 1863.
Captain William P. Gaskill to July sth, 1864.
Captain Samuel C. Smith to June 20th, 1865.
170 OfiScers and Men.
THIS was a special command of civil engineers, draughtsmen,
artisans, mechanics and sailors. The expense of organiza-
tion and equipment was met by William Struthers, a dis-
tinguished Philadelphian. The outfit included tools, forges
and material required in field work. The men carried short carbines.
The company was mustered upon August 9th, 1862, and encamped at
Camp Struthers, Philadelphia. Soon afterward the company was em-
ployed upon the defences in front of Washington. After the battle of
Antietam the headquarters of the command was established at Harper's
Ferry, and from that point the force operated in detachments, in the
work of construction or destruction, for the assistance of the Army of
the Potomac, as circumstances required. A portion of the company ac-
companied the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps when they were transferred
to the Army of the Cumberland, and laid a pontoon bridge across the
Ohio river at Belleair for the passage of the troops.
In November, 1862, Capt. Wrigley was transferred to the Corps of
Topographical Engineers, and was succeeded by First Lieut. Albert S.
White. This officer died upon March 29th, 1863, and First Lieut. Wil-
lian Penn Gaskill commanded the company until July sth, 1864. The
last captain was Samuel C. Smith, who was out just prior to the dis-
charge of the company upon June 20th, 1865.
FORTY.THIRD REGIMENT LIGHT ARTILLERY
(First Light Artillery Reserves)
Colonel Charles T. Campbell to December 9th, 1861.
Colonel Robert M. West to May 29th, 1864.
LiEUT.-CoL. James Brady to July 19th, 1865.
Philadelphia Batteries C, D, G, and H.
Total Enrollment, Philadelphia Batteries, 912 Officers and Men.
o
UT of a large body of recruits gathered at
Philadelphia by James Brady, in April, 1864,
four batteries of light artillery were finally
organized, and with four companies from
the interior of the State, and, subsequently, one from
Washington, D. C, a regiment of field artillery was
accepted by the State as the fourteenth of the Re-
serve Corps regiments, and when taken over by the
National Government it was enrolled as the "Forty-
third" of the Pennsylvania line.
The Philadelphia batteries were armed and ac-
coutred by the city, and the regiment, as a whole, was
made ready for war by the State. The four local
batteries, C, D, G and H, were commanded, in the
course of the war, by fifteen captains, and the practice
of designating artillery organizations, in accounts of
battles, by the names of their pro tern, commanding
officers leads to great confusion of identity.
Battery C — Captains, J. G. Simpson, Jeremiah McCarthy and
Sharp L. Williams. 166 officers and men.
Battery D (partly from Blair County) — Captains Edward H.
Flood, Michael Hall, Andrew Rosney and William Munk.
(Estimated) 148 officers and men from Philadelphia.
Battery G — Captains, Robert M. West, Mark Kern, Frank P.
Amsden, Belden Spence and L. Eugene C. Moore. 330 officers and men.
Battery H — Captain, James Brady, Andrew Fagan and Lord B. Richards. 268
officers and men.
The new artillery regiment thus provided by Pennsylvania under
the law creating the reserve force was sent to the Government early in
August, 1861, and located at Camp Barry, near the Capitol. As rapidly
as the companies were supplied with horses and ammunition they were
sent out to different divisions of the army, and each battery or group
wrought its own history. The regiment was never thereafter gathered
together.
Battery C was assigned to Smith's Division, D and H to Buell's
147
148
Division, engaged in constructing forts near Washington, and G was
sent to McCall's Reserve Division. Subsequently C was united with
D and H under Buell, but during the Peninsular campaign against York-
town the three batteries were identified with Gen. Couch's Division,
Fourth Corps. The history of these batteries is so nearly parallel that
it is here presented (as in Bates' History) in group form.
After the siege of Yorktown and battle of Williamsburg followed
the deadly battles of Fair Oaks and Seven Pines upon May 31st, 1862,
where the batteries won the praise of Gen. Keyes in his official report.
After the battle of Gaines' Mill the artillery of the Fourth Corps cov-
ered McClellan's retreat through White Oak Swamp and at Charles
City Cross Roads. At Malvern Hill the batteries were in reserve, and
covered the rear of the column on the way to Harrison's Landing. In
July several changes occurred among the officers through promotion.
E and H were now constituted reserve batteries of the Fourth Corps,
and garrisoned at Yorktown, on the Peninsula. C and D were still at-
tached to Couch's Division and were incorporated in the Sixth Corps.
The next great battle was at Antietam, upon September i6th, 1862,
where the artillerymen defended the Burnside bridge. In December the
three batteries were kept busy for a week in front of Fredericksburg,
shelling the enemy across the Rappahannock. About this time C and
D batteries were consolidated as Battery D. The campaign of 1863
opened with Chancellorsville, during which the batteries took part in
the attack on Marye's Heights, and fought, the same day, at Salem
Church. Battery D did not share in the glory of Gettysburg. Battery
H made the march from Washington, but arrived after the close of
the battle. Soon afterwards Battery D was transferred to the Army
of the Shenandoah, with which it was in line at the battle of Cedar
Creek, Va., October i8th, 1864, where the timely arrival of the Sixth
Corps resulted in the recapture of their lost guns and turned defeat
into victory. The artillery survivors of this fierce hand-to-hand battle
were now reinforced from Washington by a/ party of recruits. Bat-
tery C was revived, and the two commands posted along the upper Po-
tomac during the balance of the war. They were mustered out at
Harrisburg upon the 29th and 30th of June, 1865.
Battery G, together with A, B and E, shared in the campaigns of
the Pennsylvania Reserve Division. Thus the Philadelphia artillery
arm is represented in the enduring records of that splendid body of
troops. The brief resume of the deeds done by the infantry regiments
is equally the story of its artillery. Battery G was the only one of the
four Philadelphia companies which lost an officer in battle. Capt. Mark
Kern was killed at Bull Run upon August 30th, 1861. At Gettysburg,
Battery G was attached to the Third Volunteer Brigade, Artillery Re-
serve, and temporarily commanded by Capt. R. B. Ricketts. Battery
H was also present at this battle. During the latter part of its term
of service Battery G was garrisoned at Fort Foote, a massive defensive
149
work upon the Potomac river, below Washington. The battery was
finally mustered out, at Philadelphia, upon July 29th, 1865.
The four Philadelphia batteries of the "43d" lost, by death, eighty-
one men. Very few were lost by capture. Taking into account
the long list of engagements in which these troops participated, the
relatively small number of fatalities, especially among the officers, as
well as the fact of immunity from capture, are most remarkable.
BATTLES AND ENGAGEMENTS.*
Battery C— Yorktown, Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, Seven Days' Battles, James
River Road, Savage Station, Charles City Cross Roads, Glendale, Malvern Hill,
Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Mayre's Heights, Salem Heights, Bank's
Ford, (after consolidation with Battery D) Berryville, Opequon, Winchester, Fish-
er's Hill, Cedar Creek.
Battery D — Yorktown, Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, Seven Days' Battles, James
River Road, Charles City Cross Roads, Malvern Hill, Sulphur Springs, Antietam,
Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Mayre's Heights, Salem Heights, Bank's Ford,
Berrsrville, Opequon, Winchester, Fisher's Hill, Cedar Creek.
Battery G — Mechanicsville, Gaines' Mill, Charles City Cross Roads, Glendale,
Malvern Hill, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Pollock's Mill Creek, Fitzhugh's
Crossing, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Mine Run, Morton's Ford.
Battery H — Yorktown, Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, Seven Days' Battles, Bottom's
Bridge, Glendale, Malvern Hill, Gettysburg.
■•"Dyer's Compendium.
ONE HUNDRED AND TWELFTH REGIMENT ARTILLERY
(SECOND HEAVY ARTILLERY)
Colonel Charles Angeeoth^ Sr., to June 21st, 1862.
Colonel Augustus A. Gibson to August 3d, 1864.
Colonel James L. Anderson to September 29th, 1864.
Colonel William M. McClure to March 8th, 1865.
Colonel S. D. Strawbridge to January 29th, 1865.
Total Enrollment, 5,315 Officers and Men.
THE attractions of garrison service made
the formation of heavy artillery regiments
for the national forces an easy task. In
the autumn of 1861 the 112th Regiment
( Second Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery) was organ-
ized by Charles Angeroth, who had been identified
as colonel with the 2d Regiment, "Washington
Brigade," and as lieutenant-colonel with the 27th
Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry. This
command was intended to be a siege or field regi-
ment to conform to the regulations of the United
States Army. Ten companies were raised in Phila-
delphia and in the counties of Franklin, Allegheny
and Monroe. Three companies were sent, upon
January 9th, 1862, to Fort Delaware, and upon
February 25th the remaining companies left camp,
in Camden, N. J., for Washington, where they were
garrisoned in the defences north of the city. Here, in March, the three
companies from Fort Delaware rejoined the regiment, to which, later,
were added two independent companies which had been recruited in
Luzerne County and had also been stationed at Fort Delaware. These
were designated Companies L and M. The "112th" rebuilt and remained
in the forts in the vicinity of Washington until May 27th, 1864. In the
meanwhile Col. Augustus A. Gibson, a captain of the regular artillery
service, who had suceeded Col. Angeroth (resigned June 21st) upon June
25th, 1862, had drilled his command into a condition of great efficiency,
and it had increased in numbers to the astonishing figure of 3,300 men.
The Government finally issued an order, upon April i8th, 1864, organizing,
from the surplus men, the "Second Provisional Heavy Artillery." Two
days later this provisional regiment, officered from the old command, was
sent to the Ninth Corps, joining it at Brandy Station May 4th, partici-
pating in all of its fighting at Mine Run, Spotsylvania, Wilderness, Cold
Harbor, Petersburg, Weldon Railroad, Hatcher's Run, Mine Explosion
and Dinwiddle. With the single exception of the First Maine Heavy
ISO
Artillery, this regiment lost more men killed than any other in the
course of the war.
Upon May 27th the "112th" joined the Second Brigade, Second
Division, Eighteenth Corps, at Cold Harbor. Here the regiment was
divided into three battalions and handled as infantry. The Second
Battalion, under Capt. Paul T. Jones, participated in a charge in front
of Petersburg, losing ten killed and sixty-five wounded. Upon August
3d, 1864, Col. Gibson was returned to service with the regulars, and
Major James L. Anderson assumed the command.
In the constant fighting around Petersburg and Richmond the regi-
ment had lost more than half of its effective strength. The nine hun-
dred were joined, upon September sth, by the remnant of four hundred
and thirty-seven men of the "Provisionals." This contingent had been
a part of the assaulting column at the disastrous Petersburg Mine Ex-
plosion, losing there over four hundred men. In the assault at Chaffin's
Farm (Fort Harrison) the "112th" charged Fort Gilmer, losing four
hundred and sixty-five officers and men killed, wounded and captured.
In this battle Major Anderson was killed. His commission as colonel
reached camp two days later. He was succeeded by Captain William
M. McClure, of Battery F, who was promoted colonel October 30th,
1864.
The original term of service ended in January, 1865 ; the men, how-
ever, very generally re-enlisted. While upon the James River the regi-
ment was recruited to a strength of over two thousand men. Col.
McClure was honorably discharged upon March Sth, 1865. The colonelcy
reverted, upon April i6th, to Lieut.-Col. S. D. Strawbridge. Battery A
participated in the capture of Fort Fisher, N. C. Part of Battery M
manned the guns at Fort Stevens and Fort De Russe when Early made
his attack on Washington. Two detachments of the regiment served
in Light Batteries B and D, United States Horse Batteries. Those in
Battery B fired the last guns at Appomattox.
After the surrender the regiment was retained at Petersburg and
in the lower counties of Virginia upon provost duty until its final dis-
charge at Philadelphia, February i6th, 1866, being the last Philadelphia
regiment, with one exception, in the service. It was the largest regiment
in the Union Army.*
TOTAL LOSSES.
Kiljed or died from wounds officers and men, 163
Died from disease or other causes " " " 585
Captured " " " 863
*A full roster of the officers and men of the regiment and of the Provisional
regiment formed in 1864 from the surplus men is on file at the War Department,
Washington, but is not among the records of the Adjutant General's office at Har-
risburg. All obtainable names are included in the very adequate history of the regi-
ment prepared by Geeorge W. Ward, Secretary of the Survivors' Association.
INDEPENDENT BATTALION (MARINE ARTILLERY)
Major Hermann Segebarth.
About 300 Men.
MUSTERED January, 1862. Companies A and B of this com-
mand were assigned to duty at Fort Delaware, and were
recruited, in August, 1862, to four batteries, which became,
upon February 17th, 1863, a part of the Third Heavy Ar-
tillery. (i52d Regiment.)
ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-SECOND REGIMENT (THIRD
HEAVY ARTILLERY)
Colonel Joseph Roberts to November 9th, 1865.
Total Enrollment, 4,978 Officers and Men.
IN August, 1862, Col. Herman Segebarth received authority from
the War Department to increase the two companies, forming a
battalion of marine artillery (which had served at Fort Delaware
in the preceding year), to a regiment of heavy artillery. A month
later Major Joseph Roberts, of the Fourth United States Artillery,
was engaged in the formation of a battalion of heavy artillery. The
recruits were gathered from various parts of the State of Pennsyl-
vania but were rendezvoused at Philadelphia and Camden, N. J. Early
in 1863 these commands were consolidated as the I52d Regiment, Heavy
Artillery. The original and recruited companies of marine artillery
became Companies A, B, G, H, K and L. Roberts' battalion became
C, D and F. Major Roberts was commissioned colonel and Hermann
Segebarth became major. The regimental headquarters was established
at Fortress Monroe. Company H was stationed at Baltimore.* De-
♦Company H was sent to Fort Delaware from Camp Ruff, in Camden,
under arrest for insubordination, due to a fraud practiced upon the men in con-
nection with their bounties, an offence finally resulting in the discharge of Major
Segebarth from the service. (Pennsylvania at Gettysburg, Vol. II, page 900.)
The company was stationed at Baltimore during its entire term of service. At
various times it served as a naval detachment, heavy and light artillery and as
cavalry. It was present at Gettysburg as a light battery attached to the cavalry
corps, one section taking part in the battle. It was recruited chiefly in I^ebanon
County, but contained a number of Philadelphians.
153
tachments served in the Naval Brigade, upon the James River and its
tributaries, and at the capture of Fort Fisher. In an engagement at
Smithfield, Virginia, the gunboat containing Company A was attacked
and Capt. John Krause, with many of his company, were captured.
Twenty-one of these prisoners perished at Andersonville and Salisbury
from starvation. Company I was detailed as guard at headquarters.
Army of the James, and in that capacity witnessed the scene of the
surrender at Appomattox Court House. Upon April ist, 1864, six
hundred men from the regiment volunteered to enlist in a new regiment
which was designated the "i88th" Pennsylvania Infantry. The several
companies of the I52d were constantly sent out upon special service
with the Army of the James and Army of the Potomac, acting, as
occasion demanded, as light and heavy artillery and infantry. One of
the detachments, a part of Company F, was returning from Wilmington,
N. C, upon the steamer "General Lyon." This vessel was burned off
Cape Hatteras and twenty-one of the men were lost.
At Fortress Monroe a portion of the regiment guarded Camp Ham-
ilton, a prison and distribution camp, and after the close of hostilities
in the field it was the lot of the "i52d" to guard the late President
of the Confederacy. Few regiments in the service were called upon to
perform such varied service and none performed it more effectively.
Companies A and B were mustered out at Fortress Monroe July nth,
1865. Company H was mustered out at Baltimore upon July 25th, 1865.
The balance of the regiment was retained at Fortress Monroe until
November 9th, when it was mustered out at that point.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or mortally wounded men 19
Died from disease and in prison officers, I ; men, 214
SERVICE AND BATTLES.
Detachments of all the companies excepting H served at times in Graham's
Naval Brigade upon the Virginia rivers. Companies A, B, F and G, defence of
Suflfolk, April and May, 1863. Detachment of Company A at Smithfield, N. C.,
February ist, 1864, and at siege of Plymouth, N. C, April, 1864. Companies
D, E and G serving in forts around Richmond and Petersburg, from May, 1864,
to end of the war. Company F on guard duty at prison camp, near Fortress
Monroe, from September, 1863, to end of the war. Company I at Headquarters,
Army of the James, and present at the surrender at Appomattox. Company M
acting as siege artillery with Army of the James to end of the war. Detachments
of Companies F and G fought at Fort Fisher, January isth, 1865. Company H
stationed at Baltimore, was on duty at Gettysburg.*
*The nature of the varied forms of service performed in the course of its line
of duty by heavy artillery cannot be expressed in any enumeration of the skir-
mishes, engagements or battles its component parts may have experienced. The
chief value of this arm is the guarding of forts and fortified camps, but its bat-
teries were often found also upon the battle line and acting not infrequently with
the navy.
INDEPENDENT BATTERY E (KNAP'S)
Philadelphia Men, 40.
UNDER the direction of Brig.-Gen. John W. Geary, by authority
of the War Department, a number of men from the ranks of
the 28th Regiment Infantry were detached, at Point of Rocks,
Maryland, to fill a Pittsburgh company in the formation of an
independent battery of light artillery. Forty of these men were taken
from the two Philadelphia companies of the "28th." First Lieut. Joseph
M. Knap, Company L of the "28th," was commissioned captain. This
battery, mustered in upon October ist, 1861, was thus intimately related
to the "28th" and served with the latter, under Gen. Geary, in the Army
of the Potomac, Army of the Cumberland and in the campaign, under
Gen. Sherman, from Chattanooga to Atlanta, Savannah and Goldsboro,
N. C. In this campaign it fought in one of the late battles of the war,
at Bentonville, N. C, on March 19th, 1865, being the only Pennsylvania
battery present. Capt. Knap resigned upon May i8th, 1863, and was
succeeded by First Lieut. Charles A. Atwell (killed at Wauhatchie, Tenn.,
October 29th, 1863). The third captain was James D. McGill, who
resigned in July, 1864, and the fourth, Thomas S. Sloan. First Lieut.
Edward R. Geary, son of Gen. Geary, was killed in the action at Wau-
hatchie, Tenn., October 29th, 1863.*
Capt. Knap commanded an emergency battery from Pittsburgh dur-
ing the summer of 1863, and in 1864 organized a "90-day" militia bat-
talion of independent artillery.
INDEPENDENT BATTERY A (HEAVY ARTILLERY)
Captain Frank Schaffer to February 28th, 1862.
Captain Stanislaus Mlotkowski to June 30th, 1865.
150 Officers and Men.
RECRUITED in the fall of 1861, this battery was stationed at
Fort Delaware through the three years of its service. A de-
tachment of non-re-enlisted men, was mustered out September
19th, 1864. Those who re-enlisted as veteran volunteers re-
mained at the fort up to the period of their discharge, June 30th, 1865.
*In addition to the two commissioned officers of the battery killed at Wau-
hatchie, the command lost twenty-four men killed and wounded out of forty-eight
present. The enemy left upon the field more men than were in the entire Union
force opposed to them.
CAVALRY VOLUNTEERS. THREE YEAR ENLISTMENTS
PHILADELPHIA furnished to the Union
armies more cavalrymen than any other
city with the possible exception of New
York. The only body of volunteer cavalry
in the field during the three months' campaign, and
the first volunteer regiment of cavalry mustered
"into the three-year service were of Philadelphia
origin. This arm attracted a large element from
youth of position and wealth. The officers were
generally worthy of the men they led.
F1FTY=NINTH REGIMENT (SECOND CAVALRY)
Colonel R. Butler Price to January 31st, 1865.
LiEUT.-CoL. Jos:. P. Brinton to February 28th, 1865.
Major Joseph Steele to June 17th, 1865.
Colonel William W. Sanders to July 13th, 1865.
Total Enrollment, 1,970 Officers and Men.
OF the twelve companies composing this regiment seven. A, B,
C, E, G, H and K, were recruited in Philadelphia, the bal-
ance coming from the interior counties. The command was
formed between September, 1861, and April, 1862. The Phila-
delphia companies were rendezvoused at Camp Patterson, Point Breeze.
Upon April 14th, 1862, the regiment was assembled at Baltimore,
and upon the 25th proceeded to Washington, and, being furnished with
mounts, was encamped at Cloud's Mills, Va., where the command was
assigned to Cooke's Brigade, ist Reserve Army Corps. Early in August
the regiment moved to the Rapidan River and there joined Gen. N. B.
Buford's Brigade of the Second Corps. In the course of Pope's cam-
paign at Cedar Mountain, the second Bull Run and Chantilly the regi-
ment performed important services and sustained considerable loss. On
September loth Col. Price succeeded Gen. Buford in command of the
brigade. Lieut.-Col. Joseph P. Brinton assumed command of the regi-
ment. On October ist Price's Brigade became the First Brigade, Bay-
ard's Division. In the autumn movements on the Occoquan River, a tri-
butary of the Potomac, a portion of the regiment was overwhelmed,
155
iS6
losing about one hundred killed, wounded and missing. Wintering in this
section, the 2d Cavalry joined the Second Brigade of Stahel's Division,
at Fairfax Court House, on April 4th, 186;^. In the Gettysburg campaign
this division was commanded by Major-General Alfred Pleasonton. The
duties of the regiment at Gettysburg, as it was attached to the provost
guard at headquarters, being the patrol of the rear, to escort the body of
Gen. Reynolds and guard three thousand prisoners to Westminster, Mary-
land, and, later, to perform provost duty after the battle ; its losses were
few. After the pursuit of the enemy and a series of forays, the regiment
was attached, on October 19th, to the Second Brigade, Second Division,
Cavalry Corps. The cavalry was actively engaged in the various clashes
of the Mine Run campaign and in a raid into the Shenandoah Valley.
While in winter quarters at Warrenton a large proportion of the regi-
ment re-enlisted. When the veterans returned, with many recruits, the
2d Cavalry participated in the battle at Todd's Tavern, on May 7th, 1864,
and in Sheridan's raid toward Richmond, destroying the railroad and sup-
plies, defeating Stuart's Cavalry at Yellow Tavern and attacking the
works within sight of the Confederate capital. Crossing the Chickahominy
River, the raid was continued to the James River, after which the cavalry
finally rejoined the army. A second equally daring raid, for the de-
struction of the railroads, formed a part of the cavalry duties in the
general advance commanded by Gen. Grant. In July the Second Brigade
was employed in front of Petersburg. Subsequently it accompanied
the expedition to Deep Bottom, north of the James River, and was
engaged in the afifairs of August 14th and i6th at Malvern Hill and
Charles City Cross Roads. In February, 1865, Lieut.-Col. Brinton was
honorably discharged. He was succeeded by Junior Major Joseph Steele.
Under this officer the regiment participated in the campaign incident
to the reduction of Petersburg and the event of Appomattox.
After a brief connection, with the ist Pennsylvania Provisional
Cavalry the regiment was mustered out at Cloud's Mills, Va., July 13th,
1865.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died from wounds officers, 6 ; men, 52
Died from disease or other causes " 2 ; " 183
Wounded, not mortally " 9 ; " 108
Captured or missing " i ; " 90
BATTLES.
Wolf town, Cedar Mountain, Rappahannock Station, Catlett's Station, Second
Bull Run, Chantilly, Occoquan, Gettysburg, Bristoe Station, Mine Run, Wilderness,
Todd's Tavern, Beaver Dam Station, Yellow Tavern, Ground Squirrel Bridge,
Richmond Fortifications, Meadow Bridge, Brook Church, Hawes' Shop, Hanov«r
Court House, Cold Harbor, Trevilian Station, White House Landing, Baltimore
Cross Roads, St. Mary's Church, Jerusalem Plank Road, Lee's Mills, Malvern Hill,
Deep Bottom, White Oak Swamp, Ream's Station, Poplar Spring Church, Wyatt's
Farm, Stony Creek Station, Boydton Road, Hatcher's Run, Appomatto?c Campaign.
SIXTIETH REGIMENT (THIRD CAVALRY)
(Young's Kentucky Cavalry)
Colonel William H. Young to October 31st, 1861.
Colonel William W. Averill to September 26th, 1862.
Colonel John B. McIntosh to July 21st, 1864.
Lieut.-Colonel Edward S. Jones to August 24th, 1864.
Total Enrollment, 1,856 Officers and Men.
WILLIAM H. YOUNG, of Kentucky, undertook the organi-
zation of this regiment in Philadelphia in the summer
of 1861. The several companies were recruited in various
sections. Companies A (the Merchant Troop), B, C, F, I, K
and M were raised in Philadelphia, D came from Washington (being
known as the "President's Mounted Guard"), E was recruited in Lycom-
ing, Clinton and Tioga Counties, G was of Pittsburgh origin. H (the
old "Adamantine Guards," dating from 1801) was from Cumberland
County, L came from Schuylkill County. A few of the men in Com-
pany I were from Delaware County. The first company (A) was sent
to Washington on July i8th and other companies speedily followed, al-
though without uniforms or equipments. The regiment was assembled
and equipped in Washington Park, Washington, D. C. It was, as official
records prove, the first volunteer cavalry regiment of the Union Army to
take the field.*
The unfortunate and unaccountable synonym of the regiment re-
sulted in its failure to secure its proper numerical designation and it thus
became known to fame as the "3d" Cavalry.
Soon after organization the command of the regiment was given to
William W. Averill, a graduate of West Point and an accomplished of-
ficer of the regular army, under whom the men were thoroughly drilled
through the winter at Camp Marcy, upon the site of which the important
army post of Camp Meyer is now located. With the opening of an
active campaign on March loth, 1862, the 3d Cavalry was the extreme
advance of the Army of the Potomac, and the first Union troops to
enter Centreville and to traverse the battlefield of Bull Run since the
♦Headquarters Cavalry Brigade.
Washington, D. C, September ix, 1861.
Colonel W. H. Young, Commanding Kentucky Cavalry.
Colonel, allow me to congratulate you upon having put the first regiment of
cavalry in the field. * * * *
George Stoneman, Brig.-Gen. and Chief of Cavalry.
(Extract)
157
158
disastrous rout of the summer of 1861. A few days after this episode
the regiment was embarked from Alexandria via Fortress Monroe to
the Virginia Peninsula. Here the 3d Cavalry was attached to Heintzel-
man's Third Corps. Following the reduction of Yorktown and Williams-
burg the cavalry swept in advance of the army toward its goal at Rich-
mond. Then followed the month of battles and marches, beginning with
Fair Oaks and ending at Malvern Hill and Harrison's Landing, the
cavalry constantly defending the! army trains from the inroads of the
enemy. At Harrison's Landing the cavalry arm was reorganized, the
"3d" being assigned to the First Brigade, which was in command of
Col. Averill, who was active in forays upon both sides of the James
River. When McClellan's army again moved the 3d Cavalry proceeded
down the Peninsula, embarked at Yorktown, and on September 6th
reached Washington and was at once hurried through Maryland, and on
the evening of September i6th Companies C and H were the advance
troops to first develop the enemy's position at Antietam. Upon Col.
Averill's promotion to the rank of brigade commander, another cavalry
officer of the regular service, Lieut. John B. Mcintosh, a graduate of the
Naval Academy, was commissioned colonel. After a period of frequent
brushes with the enemy the "3d" went into winter quarters on Potomac
Creek, remaining there until the following March. At this time the
Cavalry Corps was organized under Gen. Stoneman. The cavalry signal-
ized the beginningf of the campaign of 1863 at Kelly's Ford, "the first
cavalry battle of the Civil War." Then followed Chancellorsville and
Stoneman's raid and the prelude to Gettysburg. Upon that field the
Second Cavalry Division, far out upon the right flank, had its own
battle, of momentous importance to the army and the Nation, but ob-
scured by the dramatic events nearer the town. It was here that the
"3d" was the point of the flying wedge that broke Stuart's advance and
saved the lines on Cemetery Ridge and the reserves from attack in the
rear. The tactical importance of this action as a factor in the general
result of the battle cannot be overestimated.
The autumn movements included actions at Culpeper, Rapidan Sta-
tion and Occoquan. At the latter affair Lieut. Ellwood Davis, of Com-
pany H, was killed. In the trying Mine Run experience the "3d" was
engaged at New Hope Church and Parker's Store, losing fifty-three men,
killed, wounded and captured. At the end of the year the regiment was
"veteranized." Those who re-enlisted, at a time when the conditions
were most depressing, numbered seventy-five. This contingent, together
with men whose terms of enlistment had not expired and five newly re-
cruited companies, carried the colors of the "3d" through to Appomattox
and for several months later. A tragic event, occurring at this period,
was the death of Capt. Walter S. Newhall, drowned, on December 18th,
1863.* (Note on following page.)
Under a new commander, coming from his western triumphs, the
Army of the Potomac renewed, in the spring of 1864, its determined
159
efforts to carry the flag of the Union further south. The Cavalry Corps
was now led by Major-Gen. Philip H. Sheridan. The 3d Cavalry was
honored by selection for duty at Headquarters of the army, tinder the
command of the Provost Marshal General, and as the escort of Gen.
U. S. Grant once more led the army toward the James River. The 3d
Cavalry was the first to reach Butler's "bottled up" command. An order
was issued on July 17th which resulted in the formation of the veterans
and recruits into an independent veteran battalion.
The non-veterans when entitled to discharge were sent to Wash-
ington and thence to further duty in the Shenandoah Valley. This con-
tingent was finally mustered out at Philadelphia, August 24th, 1864. The
Philadelphians who remained with the colors reached home, as part of
the 5th Cavalry, one year later.
The 3d Battalion escorted Gens. Grant and Meade into the fallen
City of Petersburg and a few days later led the army, as escort of Gen.
Meade, to AppomattoJc Court House, and was witness of the formal
surrender agreed upon at the McLean house.
While engaged upon provost duty at Richmond the 3d Battalion
was consolidated into four companies and under Lieut.-Col. James W.
Walsh the command was transferred to the sth Cavalry. Here the
identity of the "3d" was lost. These troops were mustered out at Rich-
mond on August 7th, 1865, and returned by sea to Philadelphia. A
number of the officers afterward entered the regular army, one. Col. John
B. Mcintosh, reaching the rank of brevet major^eneral.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died from wounds officers, I ; men, 44
Died from disease or other causes " 2; " 125
Wounded, not mortally " 7 ; " 59
Captured or missing " 7 ; " 161
BATTLES.
MagTuder's Ferry, Springfield Station, Vienna, Yorktown, WilHamsburg, Sav-
age Station, Jordan's Ford, Charles City Cross Roads, Malvern Hill, Sycamore
Church, Antietam, Harper's Ferry, Four Locks, Unionville, Piedmont, Ashby's Gap,
Amissville, Newby's Cross Roads, Keliys Ford, Hartwood Church, Stoneman's
raid, Brandy Station, Aldie, Gettysburg, Old Antietam Forge, Shepherdstown, Cul-
peper, Rapidan Station, Occoquan, Mine Run, Ellis' Ford, Warrenton, Wilderness,
Spotsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomoy, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Boydton Plank
Road, Weldon Railroad, Hatcher's Run, Appomattox Court House.
*Fearless, enterprising and efficient, Capt. Walter Symonds Newhall, of the
Germantown family of the name, was the admiration of every cavalryman.
In the opening months of the war he had served as an officer under the
intrepid Major Zagonjri in the western army. At the date of his death he was
Acting Assistant Adjutant General on the brigade staff. Upon starting to join his
brother, Capt. Frederick C. Newhall, of Gen. Pleasonton's staff, upon a visit home,
he was drowned by his horse falling upon him at a ford of an effluent stream of
the Rappahaimock River. Ever afterward the Newhall memorial flag was carried
with the regimental colors at the head of the regiment.
SIXTY=F1FTH REGIMENT (FIFTH CAVALRY)
(" Cameron Dragoons " )
Coi,oNEL Max Friedman to March gth, 1862.
LiEUT.-CoL. Stephen E. Smith to September 29th, 1862.
Colonel David Campbell to October 13th, 1862.
Lieut.-Col. William Lewis to April 29th, 1864.
Colonel Robert M. West to August 7th, 1865.
Total Enrollment, about 3,000 Officers and Men.
THIS regiment was composed of twelve companies, of which ten
were recruited in Philadelphia, and two, L and M, in Pittsburgh.
Under the synonym of the "Cameron Dragoons" the command
was regarded as an independent organization, being formed
by direct orders of the Secretary of War. In October, 1861, it was
credited by the Government to the quota of the State of Pennsylvania,
and was designated by Governor Curtin as the 65th Regiment of the
line. In its formative period it was encamped upon Ridge road, near
Girard College, leaving for Washington on August 22d, where the Pitts-
burgh companies reported later. The urgent need of cavalry at that time
resulted in the immediate use of these untried troopers who began, by de-
tachments, their active service as scouts under Brig.-Generals Louis
Blenker and William P. Smith, in the Army of the Potomac, and later
as part of the advance brigade commanded by Col. Robert M. West.
In May, under the command of Col. David Campbell, the regiment was
transferred to the vicinity of Yorktown and Williamsburg, Va., (with
the exception of Companies I and K) operating in the rear of the army
then moving toward Richmond. The regiment remained in this section
of Virginia about sixteen months, and although liberally recruited, was
greatly reduced from malarial sickness, which filled the hospitals and
caused many deaths.* In this interval Col. Campbell had been captured,
exchanged and had resigned, the command devolving on Lieut.-Col. Wil-
liam Lewis. On September 8th, 1863, the regiment was ordered to Nor-
folk, and thence sent into the Dismal Swamp and Currituck regions of Vir-
ginia and North Carolina. The warfare in this truly dismal section of
the South, against guerillas and bushwhackers, was difficult and trying.
At Great Bridge, in Norfolk Co., Va., in October, 1864, about one-half
* The records of this regiment reveal the interesting fact that, although in
active service through a period of four years, but one of more than one hundred
officers was killed, this solitary exception being Lieut. Samuel M. Williamson, of
Company H, who refused to surrender after being twice wounded. The relatively
large mortality list of officers and men who succumbed to disease was the inevitable
result of almost constant campaigning in the malarial tidewater lowlands of
Virginia and North Carolina.
160
i6i
of the regiment re-enlisted. Soon afterward the regiment was assigned
to a brigade of cavalry commanded by Col. Samuel P. Spear, of the
nth Pennsylvania Cavalry, then near Norfolk, and participated in an
expedition intended to liberate the prisoners held at Richmond. This
movement failed, and the sth Cavalry returned to its winter camp at
Great Bridge, Va. In March, 1864, the regiment received two hundred
and thirty-one recruits. Lieut.-Col. Lewis was mustered out on April
29th, and Maj. Christopher Kleinz was appointed to succeed him.
With the beginning of the active campaign of 1864, in May, the
Fifth Cavalry distinguished itself in Kautz's effective raid into Sussex
County to cripple the Weldon Railroad. This finally brought the regi-
ment into touch with Gen. Butler's force at Bermuda Hundred, from
which base another raid was made upon the Richmond & Danville Rail-
road, and after much skirmishing the command returned to the James
river. On May 22d Col. Robert M. West, of the 43d (Pennsylvania)
Regiment (^First Artillery Reserve Corps) was commissioned colonel of
the 5th Cavalry, which was now employed in the early demonstrations
which began the long siege of Petersburg, and in June participated in
Wilson's raid, resulting in the further destruction of the Weldon Rail-
road. In the cavalry battle at Ream's Station the regiment lost in killed,
wounded and captured, about three hundred men.
In the series of swift actions, north and south of the James river,
the cavalry was invariably at the front, and when the 5th Cavalry es-
tablished winter quarters at Charles City Road it was but a shadow of
a regiment. It remained here, on the picket line, to March 2Sth, 1865,
when, under Lieut.-Col. Christopher Kleinz, it joined the cavalry led by
Major-Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, thus having a spirited share in the fighting
which led to the surrender of Appomattox. After this event the cavalry
division was sent to Lynchburg, but, a few days later, began its march
toward Richmond and Washington. On May 19th three hundred and
thirty-one officers and men were mustered out, and on June 6th the re-
mainder was consolidated with the 3d Cavalry, which, in turn, was
mustered out on August 7th, at Richmond, Va.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died from wounds officers, i ; men, 76.
Died from disease or in southern prisons* " 6 ; " 210.
BATTLES, ACTIONS, ETC.
Pohick Church; Flint Hill and Hunter's Mill; scout to Gloucester Point (de-
tachment) ; scout about Williamsburg; Mechanicsville (skirmish) ; seven days
before Richmond (Companies I and K) ; Savage Station; White Oak Swamp
Bridge; Malvern Hill; reconnaissance to Gloucester, etc. (detachment), Williams-
burg and Fort Magruder; scout from Yorktown; Burnt Ordinary; Olive Creek
Church (detachment) ; Williamsburg ; Whittaker's Mills ; Chowan River ; Nine
*0f those captured from the Sth Cavalry, seventy-six died in the Southern
prison pens.
II
l62
Mile Ordinary; Diascund Bridge; Dix's Peninsular campaign; Barnesville; Balti-
more Crossroads; Bottom's Bridge (July 2d); Bottom's Bridge (Aug. 26-29) ;
New Kent Court House; Dismal Swamp region, N. C; KempsviUe, Indiantown,
Drummond Lake (Companies F and H) ; advance to Raleigh (detachment) ;
Currituck Court House; Back Bay; scout from Great Bridge (detachment) ;Bmgo
Landing (detachment); Camden Court House; expedition to South Mills and
Camden; Wistar's expedition toward Richmond; Deep Creek; Ballahock Station;
expedition to the Blackwater (detachment) ; Kautz's raid on the Petersburg and
Weldon R. R.; Kautz's raid on Richmond and Danville R. R.; before Petersburg;
siege operations against Petersburg and Richmond, including Roanoke Station;
Wilson's raid; Staunton River Bridge; Stony Creek; Ream's Station; demonstra-
tion to Deep Bottom and Malvern Hill; New Market Heights; Darbytown Road;
Charles City Crossroads; Fair Oaks; Appomattox campaign, including Dinwiddie
Court House, Five Forks, Hatcher's Run, near Amelia Court House; Burkesville,
Sailor's Creek, Prince Edwards Court House, Appomattox Court House; duty at
Richmond and other points to Aug. l6th, 1865.
SEVENTIETH REGIMENT (SIXTH CAVALRY)
Colonel Richard H. Rush to September 29th, 1863.
Colonel Charles L. Leiper to June 17th, 1865.
Total Enrollment, 1,800 Officers and Men.
OF the ten original companies of this regiment, known as the
"Philadelphia Light Cavalry," nine were of local origin and
one, Company G, came from Reading. Col. Rush, who had
an enviable reputation as a cavalry officer of the regular ser-
vice, was authorized to select his officers, and they were chosen with
reference to their social standing, soldierly qualities and experience in the
three-months' regiments then returning from the field. Recruiting began
at headquarters, 883 Market street, on July 27th, 1861. As rapidly as
companies were formed they were sent to Camp Meigs, on the Logan
Estate at Old Second street and Nicetown lane. Major-Gen. George B.
McClellan expressed the wish that the command should be armed with
lances, a weapon not before used by American troops. This suggestion
was adopted by the officers.! The lances were provided at the end of
*Col. Richard Henry Rush was born in England January 14th, 1825, his
father being at the time United States^ Minister to the Court of St. James. He
graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1846 and served with
the army in Mexico. After his discharge from the colonelcy of the 6th Cavalry
he became commander of the Veteran Reserve Corps. He died October 17th,
1893-
fThis weapon was nine feet long, with an eleven inch, three-edged blade.
The staff was of Norway fir, with a ferrule and counter-poise at the heel. Each
lance bore a scarlet swallow-tailed pennant. They were made under the super-
vision of the titled European officers attached to the staff of Major. Gen. McClellan
who probably suggested the innovation to him, The lance was discarded eventually,
being unsuited to use in the South.
163
November and were carried by the 6th Cavalry at the presentation of
State flags on December 4th (in which five infantry regiments par-
ticipated) and in a street parade on December 6th, long remembered as
one of the most imposing military displays ever seen in Philadelphia.
Thereafter the regiment was called "Rush's Lancers." It was com-
pletely uniformed, equipped and mounted by the Government before be-
ing ordered into active service.
On December loth Companies A, B, C and F proceeded to Washing-
ton, and the balance of the command followed within a few days. The
regiment was encamped at Camp Barclay, north of the city. On January
1st, 1862, to the music of their splendid mounted band, the Lancers,
nearly 1,000 strong, paraded through the Capital City.
The 6th Cavalry entered Virginia on March loth, 1862. On May 3d
it was embarked upon a fleet of schooners and tug boats to Fortress
Monroe, being attached to Emory's Second Brigade, Cavalry Reserve.
During the month the regiment as a whole, or in detachments, fought
its way up the peninsula, sharing the fortunes of McClellan's army, then
near Richmond, picketing the roads and covering the retirement of the
artillery and wagon trains through the "change of base." With the ex-
ception of three detached companies the regiment acted as headquarters
guard from Harrison's Landing, and in early September moved from
Washington, with Pleasanton's Cavalry Division, upon the Antietam
Campaign. In the battle of the 17th (Antietam) the regimental loss was
slight. In October the Confederate raider, Gen. J. E. B. Stuart, occupied
the attention of the cavalry in Maryland.
Two additional companies were recruited in Philadelphia and, as L
and M, joined the regiment in November. Part of the regiment was de-
tailed as headquarters guard in December in Franklin's Grand Division,
during the Fredericksburg campaign. After the "mud march" substan-
tial winter quarters were built at Belle Plain Landing, on the Potomac
River. Illness, due to exposure in the early campaign of 1862, compelled
Col. Rush to resign. Major Robert Morris, Jr., taking, temporary com-
mand. During the Chancellorsville campaign the regiment raided with
Stoneman's Cavalry in the rear of the Confederates, destroying the rail-
roads and canals. At Beverly Ford, on May 9th, the 6th Cavalry charged
the Confederate artillery, and sustained its greatest loss, many of the
officers and men being killed, wounded or captured. With the Cavalry
Reserve Brigade the regiment reached Gettysburg on the night of July
s 2d, occupying a position at the extreme left near Round Top, fighting
dismounted, on the 3d, losing twelve officers and men killed and
wounded. Merritt's Cavalry was immediately sent to Williamsport,
Maryland, and there fought the retreating Confederates, at heavy cost,
meeting them again in the passes of the Blue Ridge, with further casual-
ties. After a period of recuperation at Washington the 6th Cavalry
entered upon the Mine Run campaign, later going into winter quarters
near Culpeper. Qu December 31, 1863, one hundred and forty men re-
164
enlisted. In the two months of constant battling, from Spotsylvania
through to Petersburg, the 6th Cavalry followed Sheridan in two effective
raids. At Petersburg, on July 3d, Major James Starr, who had been
wounded in the Wilderness, resumed command. In August the cavalry
were hastened to the Shenandoah Valley, there encountering the usual
summer raiders. While in this section a large proportion of the men
were mustered out. The veterans and recruits were sent to the re-mount
camp in Maryland, and in November the regiment was quartered at
Hagerstown. At Winchester, Va., in January, eight hundred recruits were
added to the regiment and Major Leiper was mustered as lieutenant-
colonel.
On February 27th Merritt's First Cavalry Division moved as a part
of Sheridan's force upon the last chapter in their long and varied record
of warfare. After four weeks of destructive energy the cavalry reached
Petersburg. In the exciting final running fight to Appomattox the regi-
ment waged its last battle, dismounted, on the White Oak Road. After
the dispersal of Lee's brave fragment of an army the regiment was sent
to Danville, Va.* On June 17th, 1865, at Washington the men of the
old "6th" were merged with the adf and 17th Provisional Cavalry and
were subsequently sent to Louisville, Kentucky, there being mustered out
on August 7th.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died from wounds officers, 7 ; men, 72
Died from disease or other cause " 3 ; " 86
Wounded, not mortally " 11 ; " 222
Captured or missing " 6 ; " 204
BATTLES, ETC.
Hanover Court House, Beaver Dam Station, Gaines' Mill, Glendale, White
Oak Swamp, Malvern, Hill, Jefferson, Crampton's Gap, Antietam, Fredericksburg,
Occoquan, Stoneman's Raid, Beverly Ford, Aldie, Gettysburg, Greencastle, Wil-
liamsport, Boonsboro, Beaver Creek, Funkstown, Falling Waters, Manassas Gap,
Brandy Station, Bristoe Station, Mine Run, Charlottesville, Wilderness, Spotsyl-
vania, Beaver Dam Station, Yellow Tavern, Meadow Bridge, Old Church, Cold
Harbor, Trevilian Station, Petersburg, Deep Bottom, Berryville, Smithfield,
Waynesboro, Dinwiddie Court Hose, Five Forks, Appomattox Court House.
*"No organization in either the regular or volunteer service enjoyed a more
enviable reputation in every respect, and its service was of so valuable a character
to the Government that every endeavor was made by me, after its muster out, to
have an organization formed, the nucleus of which should be such officers and
men of the original regiment as were desirous of again entering the service."
Philip H. Sheridan,
Major-Gen., U. S. A.
fThe 2d Provisional Cavalry was commanded by Col. Hampton S. Thomas,
late major of the 1st Cavalry.
EIQHTY-NINTH REGIMENT (EIGHTH CAVALRY)
Colonel Ernest G. Chorman to January, 1862.
Colonel David McM. Gsegg to January 17th, 1863.
Liedt.-Cql. Samuel Wilson to October 17^1, 1864.
Colonel Pennock Huey to January 13th, 1865.
Colonel Wiluam A. Coksie to August 3d, 1865.
Total Enrollment, 1,816 OfiScers and Men.
THIS raiment was recruited in July, August and September,
1861, being originally planned as a command of moimted
rifles. The Philadelphia companies were C, D, E, F, G, H,
I, K, L and M ; the latter company, however, was partly raised
in Backs and Montgomery counties. Companies A and B came fnMn
Chester and LyctMning counties respectively. The organization camp
was at Nicetown. Leaving Philadelphia on October 4th, the raiment
was soon afterward stationed upon Arlington Heights, Va., bemg at-
tached to Gen. Fitz J(An Porter's Division. In January, 1862, CapL
David McM. Gr^^, of the 6th (Regular) Cavalry, was commissioned
as colonel, and under this officer the command became thoroughly effi-
cient In April the 8th CaA'alry was ordered to Hampton, Va. After
the capture of Yorktown the regiment was sent up the Peninsula, meeting
with parties of the enemy at New Kent Court House and Bottom's
Bridge, In the campaign against Richmond the 8th Cavalry was
alternately advance and rear guard of the armj', and was involved in
constant skirmishes between Seven Pines and Fair Oaks, through to
Malvern Hill and Harrison's Landing, Late in August the regiment was
transported to Alexandria and attached to the Second Brigade, Brig,-
Gen. Alfred Pleasonton, Ca\-alry Division. In the campaign which
included the battle of Antietam the 8th Cavalry rode through Maryland
and on to Gettysburg, then endangered by raiders. The regiment reached
Antietam the day after the battle. Upon its southward march, in eighteen
days, b^inning with November ist, the command fought thirteen actions
and skinnishes. One squadron was present with Franklin's Grand Di-
vision at the battle of Fredericksburg on December 12th- 14th. With
its camp at Falmouth and at Aquia Landing the 8th Cavaln,- picketed
the lower Rappahannock River through the winter. In January Col.
Gr^g was promoted to the rank of brigadier-general, !Major Pennock
Huey being commissioned colonel. The regiment was now attached to
Pleasonton's Cavalry Division. On April 21st, 1863, die cavalry- held
the fords of the Rappahannock, the "8th" leading the extreme advaince
to ChancellorsviUe. On the evening of May 2d, at the left of the Union
line, the 8th Cavalry unexpectedly encountered the leading column of
Jackscm's Qmfederates. CoL Huev ordered and led a charge into the
i6s
i66
mass of infantry, in which about one hundred and fifty of the regiment
were killed and wounded. Among the officers who died here was Major
Peter Keenan, second in command.* It was near this scene, and as a
result of the charge, that Major-Gen. Thomas Jonathan Jackson ("Stone-
wall") was wounded by his own troops, in the darkness, from the effects
of which he died eight days later.
After an affair near Bank's Ford and several weeks of patrol duty
in King George County the regiment, leaving Falmouth, moved north-
ward toward Maryland. The Second Brigade, under Col. Huey, joined
in Gen. Kilpatrick's raid upon the Confederate rear, which included a
midnight battle at Monterey Pass, and severe engagements at Hagers-
town, Williamsport, Boonsboro, St. James College and Jones' Cross
Roads, all incident to the Confederate retreat from Gettysburg. At
Williamsport, Md., on July 14th, the regiment waged the last fight of
the campaign north of the Potomac River.
Throughout the balance of the summer and the autumn the activities
of the 8th Cavalry included a succession of engagements, skirmishes and
raids which ended with the dash of December into the Luray Valley,
and a second raid across the Blue Ridge at Chester Gap in early January,
1864, which was attended with great suffering from the intense cold.
At Warrenton winter quarters were established and here the regiment
re-enlisted, being given the usual furlough. The campaign of 1864 be-
gan with the cavalry raid, led by Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, through the
Wilderness up to the fortifications of Richmond. In the course of this,
and a subsequent raid to Gordonsville, the 8th Cavalry sustained heavy
losses constantly. Through July and August the "8th" rode and fought
alternately through the region south of Petersburg and the old battle
grounds north of the James River. Finally, on August 20th, it crossed
the James for the last time in the course of the war. Through the fall,
winter and spring there was no such thing as "cease firing" for the
cavalry. Few kept count of the forays, the skirmishes, the battles. It
was one constant Titanic struggle up to that disastrous cavalry duel at
Farmville, two days before the surrender, when the expiring prey turned
and left its heavy mark upon the 8th Cavalry. Those who escaped this
punishment made the final charge of the war in Virginia at Appomattox.
With the disappearance of an armed opponent force in Virginia the
cavalry was hurried toward the scene of Sherman's operations, but was
not needed. The 8th Cavalry was then sent to Lynchburg, its several
squadrons being stationed for the restoration of order in various towns.
On July 24th the 8th and i6th Cavalry Regiments were consolidated.
At Richmond, on August i ith, the men were mustered out of the service.
The regimental historian states that the 8th Cavalry participated in
♦The official report of Brig.-Gen. Alfred Pleasonton with regard to this
affair and the pubUcation of a poem entitled "Keenan's Ride'' led to a controversy
which was long and bitter. For details see "A True History of the Charge of the
8th Cavalry at Chancellorsville," Pennock Huey (Colonel), second edition, 1885.
i67
one hundred and thirty-five battles, engagements and skirmishes, a record
equalled by but one other command.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died from wounds officers, 5 ; men, 57.
Died from disease or other causes " 2 ; " 126.
Wounded, not mortally " 8; " 185.
Captured or missing ' " 6 ; " 3cS.
BATTLES, ETC.
Yorktown, New Kent Court House, Bottom's Bridge, the Chimneys, White
Oak Swamp (May 24th, 1862), Savage's Station (May 24th, 1862), Seven Pines
(May 24th, 1862), Fair Oaks (May 2Sth, 1862), Garnett's Farm, Fair Oaks (May
31st, June 1st, 1862), White Oak Swamp (June 28th, 1862), Malvern Hill (July
Tst, 1862), Haxall's Landing, Carter's Farm, Malvern Hill (August Sth, 1862),
Harrison's Landing, Falls Church, Sugar Loaf Mountain, Frederick City, Middle-
town, Antietam or Sharpsburg (September i8th, 1862), Blackford's Ford, Martins-
burg, Shepherdstown, Monocacy (mouth of the), Philoraont, Union, Upperville
(November 3d, 1862), Ashb/s Gap, Markham, Barbee's Cross Roads, Hazel River,
Corbin's Cross Roads or Amissville, Leedstown, Fredericksburg, Richard's Ford,
Ely's Ford, Ely's Ford Road, Tabernacle Church, Chancellorsville, United States
Ford, Bank's Ford, Gainesville, Thoroughfare Gap, Emmitsburg, Monterey Gap,
Smithsburg, Hagerstown, Williamsport, Boonsboro, Jones' Cross Roads, St. James'
College, Shepherdstown, Culpeper Court House, Rapidan Station, Sulphur Springs,
Auburn, Bristoe Station, Wilderness or Todd's Tavern, Spotsylvania, Beaver Dam
Ford, (jround Squirrel Church, Hungary Station, Brook Church or Fortifications
of Richmond, Gaines' Mill, Cold Harbor, Trevilian Station, St. Mary's Church,
Petersburg, Strawberry Plains, Deep Bottom, Reams' Station, Jerusalem Plank
Road, Stony Creek Road, Wyatt's House, Vaughan Road, Boydton Plank Road,
Belfield, Rowanty Creek, Hatcher's Run, Dinwiddie Court House, Five Forks,
Amelia Springs, Sailor's Creek, Parmville, Appomattox Court House.
NINETY-SECOND REGIMENT (NINTH CAVALRY)
(Lochiel Cavalry)
Colonel Edward E. Williams to October 9th, 1862.
Colonel Thomas C. James to January 13th, 1863.
Colonel Thomas J. Jordan to July i8th, 1865.
Total Enrollment, 2,400 Officers and Men.
THIS regiment was organized at Harrisburg on August 29th,
1 86 1. It was recruited chiefly in the interior counties, but also
contained a considerable number of Philadelphians. On No-
vember 20th the command moved to Kentucky, there serving
in detached battalions in the Department of the Cumberland, and later
in Teimessee. In September, 1862, the regiment was attached to the
i68
Cavalry Division, Army of the Ohio. The command continued to serve
in Kentucky and Tennessee, under Gen. Don Carlos Buell, engaged almost
constantly in defending those States from occupation by the Confed-
erates, and' in raids, often far into wild and desolate regions. Col. Wil-
liams resigned on October 9th, 1862, Lieut.-Col. Thomas C. James be-
ing promoted to the colonelcy. This officer died at Philadelphia on
January 13th, 1863.* Major Thomas J. Jordan, v^rho had been absent as
a prisoner of war for several months, became the third colonel, dating
from Col. James' death. The "9th" participated in the Rosecrans cam-
paign, losing heavily at the battle of Chickamauga. After an arduous
campaign in East Tennessee the regiment was re-enlisted and recruited
to a strength of twelve hundred officers and men.
In September, 1864, Col. Jordan was assigned to command of the en-
tire cavalry force in Tennessee, then opposing the Confederate force
of Gen. Wheeler. The regiment joined Gen. Sherman's army at Mari-
etta, Ga., in November, being assigned to the First Brigade, Third Di-
vision of Cavalry, and participated, after the fall of Atlanta, in the march
to Savannah and thence through the Carolinas, fighting its last battle near
Raleigh, and performing important service in connection with the negotia-
tions which finally led to the surrender of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston.
Throughout this campaign. Col. Jordan having been promoted to com-
mand of the brigade, the "9th" was commanded by Major John M.
Porter, under whom the command was finally mustered out at Lexing-
ton, N. C, on July i8th, 1865.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed, or mortally wounded officers, 6 ; men, 66
Died from disease " 2; " 155
BATTLES, ETC.
Lebanon, Ky., Spring Creek, Tompkinsville, Glasgow, Crab Orchard, Frank-
fort, Perryville, Raid to East Tennessee and Kentucky, Watauga Bridge, Jones-
ville, Union, reconnaissance from Franlkin, Spring Hill, Thompson's Station,
Rutherford Creek, near Franklin, Davis' Mills, Triune, Eaglesville, Middleton,
Guy's Gap, Shelbyville, Elk River, Jonesboro, Chickamauga, Sparta, Mossy Creek,
Dandridge, Fair Garden, McNutt's Bridge, Frankfort, Lawrenceburg, Readyville,
Woodbury, Camp Creek, Sweetwater, Lafayette, Ga., March to the Sea, Siege of
Savannah, Campaign of the Carolinas, Bennett's House.
*Col. Thomas C. James commanded the First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry
in the three months' campaign of 1861.
ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTH REGIMENT (ELEVENTH
CAVALRY)
(Harlan's Light Cavalry)
Colonel Josiah Harlan to August 19th, 1862.
Colonel -Samuel P. Spear to May 9th, 1865.
Colonel Frank A. Stratton to August 13th, 1865.
Philadelphia Companies C and E.
Total Enrollment, 390 Officers and Men.
UNDER authority of the Secretary of War, Josiah Harlan, of
Philadelphia, was engaged in August and September, 1861, in
raising a regiment to be known as "Harlan's Light Cavalry."
One company was recruited in Iowa, two in New York State,
one in Ohio and a part of another in New Jersey. Of the Pennsylvania
companies, "C" and "E"" were composed of recruits enlisted in Phila-
delphia. Organization was effected at Philadelphia on October 5th.
While in camp of instruction in Virginia, this command, in common
with others of its independent status, was rated as irregular and was,
as Congress required, added to the Pennsylvania line as the "io8th."
The several companies of the regiment served, in the course of their
enlistment, upon the Virginia Peninsula, in the Dismal Swamp and
Blackwater regions, in tide-water North Carolina, along the Weldon
Railroad, on the James River, in front of Richmond and in the Shenan-
doah Valley. The "io8th" achieved a high reputation as an active and
efficient scouting regiment. It was re-enlisted in November, 1864. The
regiment was conspicuous among the cavalry which, under Gen. Sheri-
dan, pursued the Confederates to Appomattox, at which time it captured
and delivered to the proper officials one hundred and ten field pieces,
forty-one mortars, six heavy guns and an immense amount of other
military stores.
Among the officers of non-Philadelphia companies, and upon the
staff, in addition to Col. Harlan, twenty were Philadelphians.
Company C was commanded successively by Captains John H.
Struthers, John Cassells and Randolph T. Stoops. This company en-
rolled a total of one hundred and ninety- three officers and men. Of
these one officer, First Lieut. Henry B. Neilson, was killed (at Ream's
Station, August 25th, 1864). Of the rank and file, eight men were
killed or died from wounds, disease, or while prisoners of war. A
number were wounded and captured.
The several captains of Company E were John Hartman, Jr., Amintor
Davidson, William Bailey (killed at Ream's Station, Va., June 29th,
1864), Robert S. Monroe (killed at Five Forks, Va., April ist, 1865,
169
170
while serving as major) and Charles Kirkham. Lieut. William Lan-
caster was killed at Five Forks, Va., April ist, 1865. Of the rank and
file fifteen men were killed or died from wounds, twelve died from
disease, and a number died while in Southern prisons*
BATTLES AND ENGAGEMENTS.
Beaver Dam, Franklin, Va., Siege of Suffolk, South Anna River, Ashland,
Stony Creek, Weldon Railroad, Jerusalem Plank Road, Petersburg Staunton
River, Reams Station, Front of Richmond, Five Forks, White Oak Road, Deep
Creek, Amelia Court House, Burkeville Junction, Prince Edward Court House,
Appomattox, and many minor affairs.
ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTEENTH REGIMENT (TWELFTH
CAVALRY)
(Curtin Hussars)
Colonel William Frishmuth to April 20th, 1862.
Colonel Lewis D. Pierce to December 13th, 1864.
' Captain Marcus A. Reno to July 20th, 1865.
Total Enrollment, 2,236 Officers and Men.
THIS regiment was composed, in the course o.f its term of ser-
vice, of recruits from all sections of Pennsylvania. Having its
rendezvous in Philadelphia, it naturally attracted a large num-
ber of local members. Of the officers its first colonel, William
Frishmuth, and at least twenty-seven others, were Philadelphians. The
regiment was encamped at Camp McReynolds, near the junction of Ridge
road and Columbia avenue, from January to April, 1862. Before being
ordered to the front Col. Frishmuth resigned.
Having performed guard duty near Washington, dismounted, the
regiment finally received mounts late in July. There was brief time for
cavalry drill before orders came directing the "12th" to reinforce Gen.
Pope. In this effort the regiment, led at the time by Major Darius
Titus, encountered, unexpectedly, a large force of Jackson's Confederates
near Manassas, and, choosing the alternative of a charge, lost, in killed
wounded and captured, two hundred and sixty. Major Titus was one
of those captured. Major James A. Congdon then withdrew the regi-
ment to Centreville and gave to Gen. McClellan, in person, important
information concerning the location of the enemy. The "12th" was then
sent to patrol the Maryland side of the Potomac River.
*A tabulated list of casualties in Companies C and E has not been obtainable.
171
Joining Pleasonton's Cavalry Division the regiment was active, under
Lieut.-Col. Jacob Kohler, in the Antietam campaign, and after the battle
was assigned, with the ist New York Cavalry, to guard the Baltimore
and Ohio Railroad. The regiment was attached. to the First Brigade,
Second Division of the Eighth Corps, Department of the Susquehanna,
operating in the Shenandoah Valley through the spring of 1863, being
then in command of Lieut.-Col. Joseph L. Moss. In June the regiment,
leading a reconnoissance upon the Front Royal road, discovered the ap-
proach of Lee's Army, and formed part of a force engaged in disputing
his advance, an incident of which was a night battle and a retreat to
Hancock on the Potomac. During the battle of Gettysburg the "12th"
operated in the vicinity of McConnellsburg, Pa., and following up the
Confederate retreat, captured a large number of prisoners with wagon
trains and artillery. At this time Col. Pierce had resumed command.
The regiment wintered at Martinsburg, West Virginia, and after re-
enlistment and the usual furlough, reassembled at that point in April,
1864, with many recruits.
The summer of 1864 was marked by a determined attempt to prevent
Early's Confederates from attacking Washington. The "12th" fought
his cavalry at Solomon's Gap, Pleasant Valley and Crampton's Gap.
Failing in his demonstration upon the capital Early turned northward,
which resulted in the second battle of Kernstown, where the "12th" lost
heavily and won special mention in the reports.
With Gen. Sheridan's Army of the Shenandoah, the "12th" formed
a part of Torbert's Division, with headquarters at Charlestown, Va.
Col. Pierce was succeeded, December 15th, by Capt. Marcus A. Reno,
an officer of the regular army. In the spring of 1865 the command was
sent across the Blue Ridge, with other troops, to clear that region of
guerillas, participating in a battle at Hamilton. Upon rejoining the
Cavalry Division at Winchester, a movement was started toward Lynch-
burg. This was halted by news of the surrender of Gen. Lee's Army,
after which the "12th," having assisted in the parole of all the Con-
federates in that section, was stationed at Winchester until mustered out
on July 20th, 1865.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died of wounds ofKcers, 2 ; men, 32.
Difed from disease " i ; " I07-
BATTLES, ETC.
Maryland Campaign, Antietam, Martinsburg, Moorefield, Newtown, Kear-
nysville Bunker Hill, Charlestown, near Winchester, reconnaissance to Wardens-
ville and Strasburg, Fishers' Hill, Cedarville, Winchester, McConnellsburg, Pa.,
Cunninghams' Cross Roads, Greencastle, Pa., Clear Springs, Martinsburg, Jeffer-
sonton near Winchester, Middletown, Winchester, Charlestown, Bolivar Heights,
near Hillsboro, Snicker's Ferry, Ashby's Gap, near Kernstown, Winchester,
Bunker Hill, Cherry Run, Winchester, Charlestown, Halltown, Mt. Zion Church,
Newtown, Harper's Ferry, near Hamilton, Goose Creek, Duty at Winchester
in the Shenandoah Valley.
ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT (THIRTEENTH
CAVALRY)
(Irish Dragoons)
Colonel James A. Gallagher to October 6th, 1863.
Colonel Michael Kirwin to July 14th, 1865.
Total Enrollment, 2,275 Officers and Men.
UNDER authority of the Secretary of War, James A. Gallagher,
of Philadelphia, undertook the formation of a squadron of
cavalry, to be known as the "Irish Dragoons," which was to
have been attached to the Irish Brigade, then being recruited
in New York city by Gen. Thomas Francis Meagher. Further au-
thority was given to increase this command to a regiment. Eventually
these troops were included in the Pennsylvania quota. Eight companies,
A, B, C, D, H, I, K and M, originated in Philadelphia.
In August, 1862, Companies A, B, C and D were encamped at
Frankford; Companies H, I and K were at Camp Gallagher, on the
site of the former camp of the 88th Regiment, Falls of the Schuylkill.
A detail of one hundred men was sent to Perryville and Elkton, Mary-
land, on September 8th, 1862, returning to Camp Gallagher one week
later. Companies H, I and K were ordered to Baltimore September
17th, where, at Camp Fairgrounds, they were joined by the companies
from the Frankford camp. Subsequently the remaining companies,
E, F and G, arrived, and at Camp Carroll the regiment was mounted.
The regiment was ordered to the Point of Rocks on December 13th
for scouting duty on both side of the Potomac River, having a skirmish
with White's Cavalry at Leesburg, Va., on January 8th, 1863. The regi-
ment was assigned February ist to Elliott's brigade, under Gen. Milroy.
Its first important battle, at Winchester, June I3-I5th, 1863, was
opened by the "13th," and after performing notable services the regiment
covered the retreat of the army to Harper's Ferry. The regimental loss
in the four days, in killed, wounded and missing, was three hundred and
twenty-two.
Gen. Lee's pontoon bridge at Falling Waters was destroyed by a
detail from Company H on July 2d. The regiment joined the Second
Brigade of Gregg's Cavalry Division on July 8th. At Culpeper, on
September 14th, the "13th" captured a large amount of stores.
At Jefferson, Va., in October, Col. Gallagher resigned as a result of
injuries and the command was assumed by Major Michael Kirwin.
At Sulphur Springs, on the Rappahannock River, October. 12th, the
regiment lost one hundred and sixty-three ofificers and men, nearly all
being made prisoners. On the 24th the regiment relieved the 2d Penn-
172
173
sylvania Cavalry, on duty at army headquarters. Company G was de-
tailed to the headquarters of the Second Corps. Three extra companies,
which had been sent to the regiment (not indicated on the official records),
were merged into the original companies in February, 1864. With
Gregg's cavalry, the "13th" participated in the Wilderness Campaign of
May 5th-iith, 1864, and accompanied Sheridan's raid, losing ten killed
and thirty-five wounded and missing, at Hawe's Shop. Here Capt. John
Kline was killed and Capt. Patrick Kane was mortally wounded. A
second raid was made toward Lynchburg, incident to which was a cavalry
fight at Trevilian Station. During the general advance to and across
the James River, initiated by Gen. U. S. Grant, Sheridan's cavalry, en-
gaged in convoy of the wagon trains, was in constant conflict with the
enemy. Gregg's Division fought a losing battle at St. Mary's Church,
a point ten miles north of Harrison's Landing. Here, the "13th" again
met with depletions. The regiment crossed the James River on June
3Crt:h, had a share in the advance to the Jerusalem Plank Road, and re-
crossed the James, skirmishing at Malvern Hill and Lee's Mills. At
Coggin's Point, on September i6th, a detachment of one hundred and
fifty from the "13th" were overpowered and captured. The regiment's
closing operations of 1864, in the vicinity of the James River and Peters-
burg, included battles at Wyatt's Farm, Boydton Plank Road and
Hatcher's Run. At the latter affair Capt. Nathaniel S. Sneyd was
among the killed. With a cavalry expedition to Stony Creek Station, on
the Weldon Railroad, December ist, the "13th" made its final battle,
although subsequently engaged in a number of minor affairs. In February
the regiment was transported to Wilmington, N. C, reporting to Gen.
Schofield. From that city it was sent southward to meet the head of
Gen. Sherman's Army. On March 13th a detachment of the regiment
had the honor of being the first of the eastern army to greet the veterans
of the great march "from Atlanta to the sea." A month later the flag
of the "13th" was raised by Sergeant Daniel Caldwell, of Company H,
upon the dome of the Capitol of the State of North Carolina, at Raleigh.
Following the surrender of Johnston's force, the "13th" was employed
in the restoration of order. On July 14th, 1865, the command was sent
to Philadelphia, being mustered out at Camp Cadwalader on the 27th.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died from wounds officers, 3 ; men, 67
Died from disease " 220
BATTLES.
Strasburg, Fisher's Hill, Winchester, Falling Waters, Culpeper, Sulphur
Springs, Auburn, Bristoe Station, Spotsylvania, Hawes' Shop, Cold Harbor, Deep
Bottom, Trevilian Station, Gaines' Mill, White House Landing, St. Mary's Church,
Lees' Mills, Malvern Hill. Wyatts' Farm, Boydton Plank Road, Stony Creek,
Hatcher's Run, Gravelly Run, Second Hatcher's Run, siege of Petersburg, ad-
vance on Raleigh, surrender of Johnston.
*Th« fact should be noted that the "13th" fought three times at Hatcher's Run.
ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY=NINTH REGIMENT (FOURTEENTH
CAVALRY)
(Stanton Cavalry)
Colonel James N. Schoonmaker to July 31st, 1865.
Captain Joseph W. Hall to November 6th, 1864. i
Captain Henry N. Harrison to November 2d, 1865.
Philadelphia Company A.
Total (Company) Enrollment, 233 Officers and Men.
ONE Philadelphia Company (A) was identified with the 14th
Cavalry. The balance of the regiment was raised in the
western counties of the State. Company A was recruited
chiefly in the rural upper section of the City by Capt Joseph
W. Hall, and was known as the "Washington Cavalry." The
regiment rendezvoused at Hagerstown, Md., on November 24th,
1862, under Col. James M. Schoonmaker of Pittsburgh, and after a
month of drill was assigned to picket duty along the lower Shenandoah
River, and after May, 1863, was attached to Averill's Fourth Separate
Brigade, Department of West Virginia. The regiment was active in
this mountain region during the greater part of its enlistment, perform-
ing a great amount of arduous and effective service. In April, 1864,
the "14th" was moved into the Shenandoah Valley under Gen. Hunter,
participating in the numerous battles and skirmishes incident to the
struggle for the possession of that rich source of supplies. After the
surrender of the Confederates at Appomattox the regiment was en-
camped at Washington, from where, on June nth, 1865, it was ordered
to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, where it was consolidated into a battalion
of six companies. Company A, then under command of Capt. Henry
N. Harrison, was detailed as headquarters' escort to Gen. G. M. Dodge,
department commander. The Company (A) was retained in the serv-
ice to November 2d, 1865, when it was mustered out and sent home.
TOTAL LOSSES (COMPANY A).
Killed or died from wounds, or while prisoners of war men, 17.
Died from disease " 8.
Total regimental loss, killed, died from wounds, disease or in
prison officers, 2 ; men, 393.
BATTLES AND ENGAGEMENTS.
Beverly, Huttonsville, Falling Waters (detachment), Moorefield (detachment),
Warm Springs, Greenbrier, White Sulphur Springs, Droop Mountain, raid on
Salem, raid on Saltville, Cove Gap, Lynchburg campaign, including New Market,
Piedmont, Lexington, Buchanan, near Lynchburg; Liberty, Salem, Winchester,
Moorefield, Sheridan Valley campaign, including Fisher's Hill, Weir's Cave, Cedar
Creek, Front Royal, Millwood, Ashby's Gap.
ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTIETH REGIMENT (FIFTEENTH
CAVALRY)
Colonel Wm. J. Palmer.
Total Enrollment, 1,700 Officers and Men.
THE regiment was formed of an independent company known
as the Anderson Troop, which was organized in October and
November, 1861, by Wm. J. Palmer, private secretary to John
Edgar Thomson, President of the Pennsylvania Railroad Com-
pany. It was intended as the headquarter guard to Brigadier-General
Robert Anderson, briefly in command of the Army of the Cumberland.
Its members, one hundred in niimber, were carefully selected from over
the State. The troop was accepted by Gen. Don Carlos Buell, Second
Commander of the Army, as his body guard. The troop maintained its
identity as a separate organization until after the battle of Stone River,
by which time it had become so depleted in numbers that the company,
then under the command of Lieut. Thos. S. Maple was, in March, 1863,
honorably mustered out of service.
In the siunmer of 1862 Capt. Pahner secured authority from the
War Department to raise a full regiment, and it became known as "The
Anderson Cavalry." All of the officers were selected from the Anderson
Troop. The care exercised in recruiting the men induced many to seek
an enlistment, and within two weeks the ranks were full, the men coming
from over thirty counties of the State. About thirty-five per cent, were
raised in Philadelphia, the enlistment being made in one of the offices of
the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, at Third street and Willings Alley.
All of the enrolled men were assembled at Carlisle, Pa., and on August
22d, 1862, were sworn into the United States service.
In September, 1862, the enemy invaded ^larvland. The regiment was
not yet fully organized, armed or uniformed, but Col. Palmer took two
hundred men on cars to Greencastle and, impressing horses, proceeded to
place his outposts around Gen. Longstreet's forces at Hagerstown, Md.
So well was this done that the report in the Confederate army was that
ten thousand of the Anderson Cavalry were in their front. Col. Palmer
went repeatedly within the enemy's lines and obtained much information,
which, with the assistance of William Bender Wilson, of the telegraphic
service, he was able to send to Governor Curtin, and for several days
this was all the information that Gen. McClellan had of his enemy. After
the battle of Antietam, Col. Palmer crossed the Potomac in an endeavor
to discover the movements of the Confederates, but their troops captured
him, although he had changed his uniform for a civilian suit and assumed
the character of a student in minerology. He was suspected as being a
spy, but no evidence could be had to sustain it He was held in Castle
175
176
Thunder until the following January, when he was exchanged. Col.
Palmer returned to his regiment in February, 1863, and at a most critical
period in its career, and under his superb management made it one of
the best in the army.
In November, 1862, the regiment took the cars for Louisville, where
the command received horses and soon started for Nashville. The capture
of Col. Palmer had prevented the regiment from completing its organiza-
tion. When it moved with the army to Stone's River only two hundred
and seventy-two men, under Majors Adolph G. Rosengarten and Frank
B. Ward, marched with them. In the engagements which followed it
suffered severely. Major Rosengarten was killed and Major Ward was
mortally wounded. Fourteen of the men were killed, ten wounded and
fifty-six captured.
Fully reorganized into twelve companies, the regiment served through
the Chickamauga Campaign, on duty at the headquarters of Major-General
Rosecrans, and engaged in scouting, courier and escort duties. After
the battle of Missionary Ridge, which resulted in the expulsion of Bragg's
army from this section, the command marched to the relief of Gen. Burn-
side at Knoxville, being the first to arrive. The winter campaign was
unusually severe, but eminently successful. The regiment took part in
six important engagements and captured numerous prisoners and a large
amount of Confederate equipment. They recaptured twenty-three Union
soldiers and nineteen army wagons. Their losses, among ofScers, were
one killed, two wounded and one captured; nineteen enlisted men were
wounded or captured.
Three companies, B, H and K, of the 15th Cavalry were detailed to
act as the escort at Gen. Thomas' headquarters in the Atlanta Campaign,
and when Atlanta was captured they returned to the regiment. One of
the men, Arthur O. 'Granger, of Company C, acted as private secretary
to General Sherman and was with him to the end. At the surrender of
Gen. Johnston it was he who wrote out the articles of capitulation.
Private A. D. Frankenberry, of Company K, was attached to the
Signal Corps, and when the Confederates swung around to the rear and
attacked Allatoona Pass, was stationed on Kenesaw Mountain. From
this place he signalled to Gen. Corse over the heads of the enemy the
message which inspired the once popular hymn (written by P. P. Bliss)
"Plold the Fort."
The regiment followed Sherman's army as far as Calhoun, Ga., and
from there was sent to help Gen. Gillam in an effort to capture Saltville.
At the same time Gen. Burbridge was coming down from the North to.
co-operate, but Burbridge was driven back and badly defeated. It was
necessary for Gillam to send a despatch to Burbridge, and Col. Palmer,
with seventy-five men, delivered it, after an adventurous ride over the
mountains into Kentucky.
When Sherman started on his march to the sea, Atlanta was
abandoned and Gen. Thomas fell back to the line of the Tennessee River,
177
and eventually to Nashville. After the battle here, in which Gen. Hood
suffered a disastrous defeat, the regiment followed in pursuit for two
hundred and fifty miles into the State of Mississippi, and succeeded in
capturing and destroying Hood's pontoon train of seventy-eight boats,
three hundred and ten wagons and capturing two pieces of artillery. This
pursuit and capture was highly commended.
In Gen. Grant's last official report of the move of the armies embrac-
ing the years 1864 and 1865, and embodying the movements of all the
troops in the field of over a million men, he only commends two regi-
ments — one of infantry for the defence of Paducah, Ky., and the "isUi"
for the destruction of Gen. Hood's train. When Gen. Sherman received
the dispatch of this capture he read it to his staff, and said, "The 'istli'
is the best regiment in my department. They can ride faster, do more
hard work and capture more trains than any regiment I have."
In January, 1865, Col. Palmer, with less than one hundred and fifty
men, crossed the Tennessee and at Red Hill, Ala., surprised and routed
the Confederate brigade commanded by Gen. Lyon and returned to
Huntsville, Ala., with one captured cannon and more prisoners than men
in the command.
In March, 1865, the command left Chattanooga, and at Knoxville
joined the Cavalry Division commanded by Gen. Geo. Stoneman. Col.
Palmer was, at this time, appointed a brigadier-general, and later, com-
manded the whole cavalry division. The "15th" was now commanded
by Lieut-Col. Chas. M. Betts.
The railroads of western North Carolina were pretty thoroughly de-
stroyed. Four companies, under Major Wagner, raided to Lynchburg,
Va., and gave the impression to Gen. Lee, who was then retreating before
Gen. Grant, that his command was the advance of the Army of the
Cujnberland. Wagner rejoined the regiment at Salisbury, N. C, and
soon after the whole division started in pursuit of the fugitive Con-
federate President and his cabinet, but the glory of his capture fell to
another command.
At this time Gen. Stoneman was making preparation to attack Salis-
bury, and demonstrations were ordered along the line of railroad at
prominent places to divert the attention of the enemy. Col. Betts, with
about a himdred men, marched towards Greensboro, N. C. Early in
the morning, after being in the saddle all night, he learned that the 3d
South Carolina Cavalry were in camp only half a mile distant. While
they were in much superior numbers he attacked vigorously at once, sur-
prised them while getting their breakfast and captured their commander.
Col. Johnston, and a large munber of his men — in fact, about twice as
many as Col. Betts had in his command.
Another battalion, under Capt. Kramer, got to Jamestown early in
the morning, burned a train of commissary stores for Lee's army, de-
stroyed an arms factory and captured more prisoners than he cared to
handle, one man, George Alexander, taking twelve.
178
The other battalion burned the bridge over Reedy Fork. Jefferson
Davis and the fleeing Confederate officials had crossed it not an hour
before. It was during this pursuit that Lieut.-Col. Betts captured seven
wagons containing the baggage and official papers of Gens. Beauregard
and Pillow and also about $2,000,000 in coin and securities belonging to
the Central Railroad and Banking Company of Georgia and of the banks
in Macon ; also over five million of Confederate money. This money was
sent, under guard, to headquarters, and after the rebellion ended was re-
turned, intact, to the owners.
The regiment marched to Nashville, completing the longest raid by
any cavalry force during the war, about 2,000 miles. June 21st, 1865,
it was mustered out of service. The "15th" was the only independent
scouting regiment in the Union service.*
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or mortally wounded officers, 3 ; men 22
Died of disease " 103
BATTLES AND ENGAGEMENTS.
Antietam, Hillsborough Pike, Stone's River, Lavergne, The Barrens, Rover,
TuUahoma, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, Gatlinsburg, Dandridge, Mossy Creek,
capture of Vance's Raiders, Fair Garden and Indian Creek, Resaca, Cassville,
Dallas, Peach Tree Creek, Jonesboro, Devault Ford, Carter's Station, Kingsport,
McKinneys Mills, Decatur, capture of Hood's pontoon and supply trains, Moulton,
Red Hill, Wickesboro, Wytheville, Greensboro, capture of Salisbury, capture of
3d S. C. Cavalry, capture of part of Jefferson Davis' train, capture of Gen. Bragg.
In addition numerous skirmishes not officially recorded.
*In reviewing the results accomplished by the "isth,'' one cannot but credit
them to the splendid soldierly qualities of Gen. Palmer, a Philadelphian, and to
the high character of its enlisted men. The General was, after the war, the
pioneer railroad builder of the West, and not only laid the rails, but peopled the
country, and was instrumental in opening up mines, factories and farms, through
which many millions are now in lucrative occupations. In 1907, while suffering
from a broken neck, occasioned by an accident, he called to his beautiful home
in Colorado Springs' all of the men of his old regiment, from every part of tlie
country, wherever they were located, and kept them in entertainment for a week,
paying every attendant expense.
ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTY=FIRST REGIMENT (SIXTEENTH
CAVALRY)
Colonel J. Irvin Gregg to August ist, 1864.*
LiEUT.-CoL. John R. Robison to August nth, 1865.
Total Enrollment, 1,266 Officers and Men.
THIS regiment, composed of men gathered from all portions of
Pennsylvania, had a considerable Philadelphia contingent,
chiefly in Company I, Capt. William H. Fry (afterward
major). The regiment was formed at Harrisburg in the
fall of 1862, and was sent to Washington November 23d. Early irt
January, 1863, the "i6th" was assigned to Averill's Cavalry Brigade,
which it joined near Falmouth, Va. At Kelley's Ford, March 17th, the
regiment achieved a victory, on the right flank, in this, its first important
battle.
In the Gettysburg campaign. Col. Gregg being in command of the
brigade, the "i6th" was led by Captain John K. Robison, who, as
lieutenant-colonel, continued in command throughout the enlistment.
The regiment participated in all of the great cavalry movements con-
nected with the campaigns of the Army of the Potomac, including Sheri-
dan's raid on Richmond, and was in at the death at Hatcher's Run,
Dinwiddle Courthouse, Five Forks, Amelia Springs and Sailor's Creek.
In this final group of battles many of the regiment were wounded. At
Farmville, on the 7th of April, Lieut.-Col. Robison received his third
wound. After a tour of duty at Lynchburg, subsequent to the Appomat-
tox surrender, the "i6th" was mustered out August 7th at Richmond, Va.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or mortally wounded officers, S ; men, 100.
Died of disease " 3 ; " I94
BATTLES, SKIRMISHES, ETC.
Rappahannack Bridge, Grove Church, Hartwood Church, Kelly's Ford, Elk
Run, Chancellorsville Campaign, Stoneman's Raid, Brandy Station, Aldie, Middle-
burg, Gettysburg, Shepherdstown, Culpeper C. H., Crooked Run, Bristoe Cam-
paign, Mine Run Campaign, Expedition to Luray, Kilpatrick's Raid, Rapidan Cam-
paign, Siege operations against Petersburg, including movements to Deep Bottom;
Malvern Hill, Strawberry Plains, Ream's Station, Poplar Springs Church, Dinwid-
dle C. H., Boydton Plank Road, Hatcher's Run, Stony Creek, Disputantia Station,
Dabney's Mills, Hatcher's Run, Appomattox Campaign, Expedition to Danville.
■'■ Colonel John Irvin Gregg began his military career as a private soldier in
the war with Mexico, from which he emerged a captain of regular infantry. For
services in the Civil War he was brevetted major-general of volunteers.
179
ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTY=THIRD REGIMENT (EIGHTEENTH
CAVALRY)
Colonel Timothy M. Bryan, Jr., to December 29th, 1864.
Colonel T. F. Rodenbough to October 31st, 1865.
Total Enrollment (Philadelphia Companies) about 45° Officers and Men.
ALTHOUGH Col. Bryan and a number of his officers were
Philadelphians, this command, as organized and placed in the
field, contained no Philadelphia companies, but early in 1863
two companies which had been partly recruited in this city
were added to the regiment, as L and M, at Washington.*
The 1 8th Cavalry served throughout its enlistment in the Army of
the Potomac and the Army of the Shenandoah. Both of its colonels
were West Point graduates and officers of the cavalry in the regular
service. With the exception of one company, the regiment was con-
solidated on June 24th, 1865, with the 22d Cavalry to form the "Third
Pennsylvania Provisional Cavalry." This command was stationed at vari-
ous points in West Virginia for the suppression of guerillas, after the
close of the war being mustered out at Cumberland, Maryland, on
October 31st, 1865.
TOTAL LOSSES (COMPANIES L AND M).
Killed or died from wounds ofBcers, I ; men, 12.
Died of disease and while prisoners of war " o; " I9-
Wounded, not mortally " i ; " 21.
BATTLES, ETC.
Chantilly, Aldie, Hanover, Hunterstown, Gettysburg, Monterey Pass, Smiths-
burg, Hagerstown, Boonsboro, Funkstown, Hagerstown, Falling Waters, Port Con-
way, Rapidan Station, Robertson's Ford, James City, Culpeper, Brandy Station,
Groveton, Buckland Mills, Hay Market, Stevensburg, Raccoon Ford, Kilpatrick's
raid, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, Yellow Tavern, Meadow Bridge, Hanover Court
House, Ashland Station, Bethesda Church, Cold Harbor, St. Mary's Church, Yellow
House (Weldon Railroad), Winchester, Summit Point, Charlestown, Kearnysville,
The Opequon, Front Royal, Milford, Waynesboro, Brock's Gap, Columbia Furnace,
Tom's Brook, Hupp's Hill, Cedar Creek, Lebanon Church, Mount Jackson.
* In the autumn of 1862 an enthusiastic citizen of Haddonfield, N. J., was
active in securing recruits for the "Continental Cavalry." Two companies, intended
as A and B, were camped at Haddonfield. Adverse circumstances led many of
the recruits to leave camp and to enlist elsewhere. Their names were,, however,
carried upon the company records as "deserters." Those who remained were,
with their officers, mustered into the service and attached to the i8th Cavalry.
180
ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTIETH REGIMENT (NINETEENTH
CAVALRY)
Colonel Alexander Cummings.
LiEUT.-CoL. Joseph C. Hess.
LiEXH'.-CoL. Frank Reeder.
Total Enrollment, 1,762 Officers and Men.
THIS regiment was recruited, with the exception of Companies
L and M, at Philadelphia, from June to October, 1863, its
camp being located (Camp Stanton) opposite Odd Fellows'
Cemetery. All of the officers, with one exception, and a
majority of the enlisted men had seen previous service. Early in No-
vember the regiment reported at Washington, from which it started,
on November 13th, for Mississippi, but enroute received orders to pro-
ceed to Columbus, Kentucky, where it was assigned by Major-Gen. A. J.
Smith, in command Department of the Tennessee, to Waring's Brigade,
Brig.-Gen. B. H. Grierson's Cavalry Division, Sixteenth Corps, CoL
Cummings having been detached on recruiting duty without further
service to the regiment.* The "19th" was how commanded by Lieut.-
Col. Joseph C. Hess. In February the regiment marched with Grier-
sons' column upon a raid into West Tennessee, there destroying large
supply depots and much railroad property. With headquarters at Mem-
phis, the cavalry engaged in a series of expeditions in Tennessee and
Mississippi with varying fortunes. At Guntown, Miss., on June loth,
the "19th" shared in a defeat at the hands of Forrest. Early in July
a detachment of the regiment accompanied Col. Klarge's expedition
from Memphis to Grand Gulf, Miss. In August, after further conflicts
with Forrest, the "19th" was moved rapidly to Little Rock and thence
into Missouri, against the force under Sterling Price. Returning to
Memphis on October 20th, the command was moved by transports to
Nashville, where, as a part of the brigade of Brig.-Gen. J. H. Hammond,
it was engaged in the battle of Nashville (December i5-i6th, 1864),
which resulted in the defeat of Hood's Confederates. This result en-
tailed a hot pursuit by the Union cavalry and a second notable battle
on January 2d, 1865, at Franklin, Miss. This campaign of pursuit con-
tinued through the month, with constant losses of officers and men.
Upon February 4tlT, 1865, at Gravelly Springs, Alabama, the regi-
ment was reorganized as a battalion of six companies (the supernumerary
* Col. Cummings was the origfinator of Cummings' Evening Telegraphic Bulletin,
the initial issue of which appeared in Philadelphia on April 12th, 1847. This paper
made a specialty of telegraphic news, and is perpetuated in the present Evening
Bulletin.
181
l82
officers being mustered out), and, under the command of Lieut. -Col.
Frank Reeder, embarked, with some detentions at Cairo and Vicksburg,
for New Orleans. From the Crescent City, a few days later, the com-
mand proceeded to Baton Rogue, operating from this point on scout
and picket duty through the following six months. On June 13th the
battalion was reduced to four companies, these companies. A, B, C and
D, occupying a region within which the embers of rebellion still
smouldered. On July 25th, at Clinton, La., the battalion defeated a Con-
federate detachment of Gen. Wirt Adams' command. In December,
Companies A and C were ordered into Texas, and in January, 1866,
near Marshall, Company A had a fight with guerillas, losing five men
killed.*
In April, 1866, the battalion was assembled at New Orleans, where,
after several weeks of provost duty, it was mustered out on May 14th,
the last of the Pennsylvania troops to turn homeward and resume the
occupations of peace.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died from wounds officers, o ; men, 15.
Died from disease " 3 ; " 109
BATTLES, SKIRMISHES AND EXPEDITIONS.
Movements to Union City, Trenton, CoUiersville, Tenn., and Okalona, Miss.
(including Egypt Station, West Point, Ivy Farm, Okolona, Tallahatchie River) ;
operations against Forrest in West Tennessee (including Cypress Creek 'and near
Raleigh, April 3d and 9th) ; expedition to Guntown, Miss, (including Tishamingo
Creek, Waldron Bridge and Davis Mills); Grand Gulf expedition; Oxford, Miss.,
expedition (including Hurricane Creek) ; detachment to Little Rock and Missouri
(including Noconah Creek, Co. F) ; Owens' Cross Roads, battle of Nashville,
Hollow Tree Gap, Franklin, West Harpeth River, 'King's Hill, Sugar Creek,
Gravelly Springs, service in Louisiana and Texas to end of enlistment.
♦Bates' History, vol. 5, page 4. The affair above mentioned, at Clinton, and
that at Marshall, are not found in the official lists of battles, engagements, etc.
ONE HUNDRED AND EIQHTY=FIRST REGIMENT (TWENTIETH
CAVALRY). SIX MONTHS' SERVICE
CoLONEi. John E. Wynkoop to January 7th, 1864-
Total Enrollment, 1,266 OflBcers and Men.
PURSUANT to an order of the War Department, dated June 9th,
1863, three cavalry regiments were organized in Pennsylvania to
serve six months. These troops were composed, in part, of ex-
isting independent companies and militia of the emergency class
and of new recruits. They were the 181st, i82d and iSsth Raiments
of the line, designated respectively the 20th, 21st and 22d Cavalry. The
first of these commands contained many men recruited in Philadelphia.
This raiment was organized in July, 1863, from five companies of
Emergenqr MiUtia and seven of six-months' men, at Camp Curtin, and
sent from that point upon scout duty, with other troops, into Maryland,
crowding upon and skirmishing with the rear-guard of the retreating
Confederate Army. Later, a battalion was stationed along the line of
the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in West A'irginia. Five companies
were detailed, in the draft riot period, to Philadelphia, Reading and Potts-
ville. The c(Hiq>anies upon the loyal border performed several effective
raids and met with some casualties. Brigaded with Federal cavalry and
artillery from Pennsylvania and Virginia, the 20th Cavalry helped to dear
a large section of country of dislo}-al elements. On muster out, January
7th, 1864, the regiment was reorganized on a three years' basis, with
camps at Philadelphia and Harrisburg.
ONE HUNDRED AND EIQHTY=FIRST REGIMENT (TWENTIETH
CAVALRY). THREE YEARS' SERVICE
Coi:,ONEi. John E. Wyxkoop to January 15th, 1865.
Colonel Gabriel Mtddlkton to June 2(^ 1863.
Total Enrollment, 1,500 OflScers and Men.
ON the ccHupletion of the term of service of the original r^-
ment, enlisted for six months, the command was re-organ-
ized on a three-year basis. Twelve of the Philadelphia officers
were retained. The r^^ment was mustered in at Harris-
buig and Philadelphia and assigned to the First Brigade, Second Di-
vision, Eighth Corps. Later the "20th" was attached to Gen. Franz.
Sigd's force in the Shenandoah Valley as part of the Second Brigade,
183
1^4
First Cavalry Division, with which it shared in the battle of New Market.
With the column of Major-Gen. David Hunter, who succeeded Sigel,
the regiment won fame by capturing nearly 800 prisoners at the battle
of Piedmont. Gen. Hunter then led his column, reinforced by divisions
under Gens. Crook and Averill, upon a demonstration against Lynch-
burg. The subsequent retreat into the fastnesses of West Virginia was
attended by great suffering, due to want of food for the men and forage
for the horses. Major-Gen. George Crook now assumed command. The
augmented force in this department was reorganized under Major-Gen.
Philip H. Sheridan. The 20th Cavalry was attached to the Second
Brigade, First EHvision Cavalry, Army of the Shenandoah, and actively
participated in the raid upon Gordonsville near the end of December,
1864, capturing two pieces of artillery and the fortifications in the en-
gagements at Magruder's Farm and Jack's Shop.
During this raid many of the men were severely frost-bitten. In
January the regiment was sent to Lovettsville, Va., and thence a few
weeks later to Duffield Station to protect the railroad against Moseby's
raiders. On February 26th the command moved to rejoin the brigade at
Winchester. During Hunter's raid the "20th" was always in the advance,
being the first to reach Staunton and Lynchburg. In July, 1864, the regi-
ment, now with Sheridan's force opposing Early, fortified at Hall Town,
and for doing so was rewarded, soon afterward, at Cumberland, with new
mounts. Through the autumn and winter the regiment was continually
moving and had no rest in winter quarters. It was considerably re-en-
forced at this time. The Army of the Shenandoah resumed active opera-
tions on February 27th, 1865. The "20th" was now in command of Col.
Gabriel Middleton. It was active in a destructive raid upon the commu-
nications and stores of the enemy, which ended in a junction with Gen.
Grant's army in front of Petersburg. The regiment participated in the
cavalry movements and the severe fighting which ended with the sur-
render of the remnant of the Confederate Army at Appomattox with
many casualties to officers and men. After the surrender the "20th" was
ordered forward to Danville and later to Washington, where it was con-
solidated with the 2d Cavalry as the ist Provisional Cavalry. This
organization was mustered out at Cloud's Mills on July 13th, 1865.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died from wounds ofBcers, 3; men, 22
Died from disease " 3 ; " 100
BATTLES AND ENGAGEMENTS.
New Market, Harisonburg, Piedmont, Staunton, Midway, Cedar Creek, Piney
River, Near Glasgow, Lynchburg, Salem, Martinsburg, Snicker's Ferry, Ashb/s
Gap, Kernstown, Bunker Hill, Martinsburg, Madison Court House, Liberty
Mills, Gordonsville, Swope's Depot, Staunton, Waynesboro, Goochland Court
House, Dinwiddle Court House, Five Forks, Scott's Cross Roads, Tabeirnacle
Church, Sailors' Creek, Appomattox Court House, in addition numerous
skirmishes and minor actions.
SCHOOL FOR THE SELECTION OF OFFICERS OF COLORED REGIMENTS,
I2I0 Chestnut Street.
ARMY BANDS
THE formation of the several Philadelphia regiments of the
three-months' service included the enlistment of many of the
best military musicians in the city. In some cases the pay for
extra musicians was borne by the regimental officers. Asso-
ciations of patriotic citizens subscribed to enable favorite regiments to
keep numerically strong bands in the field.* When the short term regi-
ments came home and recruiting became active for the three years'
regiments nearly all of the best bandsmen re-enlisted. For a time Birg-
field's excellent band enjoyed almost a monopoly of local engagements,
and was, in fact, in much demand for all home parades and other demon-
strations through the war.
General Order No. 91, October 26th, 1861, provided that no more
bands for volunteer regiments were to be mustered in, and that vacancies
occurring in the bands should not be filled. All enlisted bands in the
army were discharged by General Order dated July 29th, 1862, to take
effect within thirty days. It was provided, however, that a band of
sixteen pieces should be allowed to each brigade.
The following list comprises the best known of the military bands
attached to local regiments :
Band of 17th Regiment. Leader, J. Moosbruger.
Band of 21st Regiment. Leader, Conrad Hoffman.
Band of 23d Regiment. Leader, Theo. Herman.
Band of 27th Regiment. Leader, Theo. Artelt.
Band of 28th Regiment. Leader, William F. Simpson.f
Band of 2gth Regiment. Leader, Daniel Repass.
Band of 31st Regiment. Leader, Josiah Wagner.
Band of 6sth Regiment (mounted). Leader, William Ziegler.
Band of 70th Regiment (mounted). Leader, Philip Ehrmann.
Band of 71st Regiment. Leader, Edward Schemser.
Band of 7Sth Regiment. Leader, Rudolph Wittig.
Band of 82d Regiment. Leader, Alex. Anderson.
Band of 88th Regiment. Leader, E. Ermentrout.
Band of 90th Regiment. Leader, Jacob L. Bricker.
Band of psth Regiment. Leader, Joseph Whittington.
Band of 98th Regiment. Leader, Christopher Storz.
Band of lo6th Regiment. Leader, Fridoline Stopper.
Band of 114th Regiment. Leader, Frank Rauscher.
♦By General Order No. 15, May 4, 1861, regimental bands were limited to
sixteen musicians; additional men were at the expense of private subscription.
fit has been stated that this band was organized by Antrim C. Beck, one of
the eight brothers of the famous Beck's Band, four of whom were enlisted irf
the band of the "28th."
'Unrnf^m^^l^H^. y, ^ ^^u^^'^ ^liini' l]»ll'i^ejlCM'r. "n 1 »» . in,,,*
I8S
COLORED TROOPS— CAMP WILLIAM PENN
SEVEN years prior to the commencement of the Civil War the
Washington Union, organ of the administration of President
FrankHn Pierce, asserted that "if the Union of the States is dis-
solved and war ensues upon the question of a revival of the
slave trade, while the slave holders cannot hope to battle with success
against the Northern States, allied with England, they can and will place
a great army of negroes in the field and defy their enemies."* A lively
commentary upon that assumption is presented in the feat of a negro
pilot of Charleston Harbor, Robert Smalls,** who, early in 1862, with
eight other colored men, seized the armed steamer Planter and, running
her safely past the forts, delivered her to Admiral DuPont of the blockade
fleet. This incident strengthened the position of those who advocated
the enlistment of negroes in the Union army and navy.f Upon July
17th, 1862, Congress enacted a bill authorizing the President "to employ
as many persons of African descent as he may deem necessary and
proper for the suppression of the rebellion, and for this purpose he may
organize and use them in such manner as he may judge best for the public
welfare."^
The President made no haste to avail himself of this authority. He
first signed, as a war measure, the Emancipation Proclamation relating to
the slaves held in the disloyal States. This became effective upon Janu-
ary 1st, 1863, and it was not until then that the question of enrolling col-
ored troops was actively considered.§ Upon February 13th, 1863, Hon.
*Out of the entire Southern white population but three in one hundred held
a property interest in slaves. Of the slave-holding class but twenty per cent, owned
more than one slave. A large proportion of the political and military leaders of
the South were non-slave holders. Among them were Robert E. Lee, Joseph
E. Johnston and A. P. Hill. "Slavery and Abolition," Hart.
**Robert Smalls subsequently became a colonel of colored troops and after the
close of the war was elected to Congress from South Carolina.
tThe first recorded suggestioni for the employment of colored troops in the
Northern armies is found in a letter written to Hon. Simon Cameron, Secretary
of War, on April i6th, i86l, by Burr Porter, late major in the Ottoman Army.
(Official documents.)
JSoon after the occupation of New Orleans, in 1862, Major-Gen. Benjamin F.
Butler, recruited colored troops and in South Carolina Major-Gen. David Hunter
had formed negro regiments about the same time, this procedure being made the
subject of Congressional inquiry.
§President Lincoln, writing to Horace Greeley, date of August 22d, 1861,
said: "If there be those who would not save the Union unless at the same
time they could save slavery, I do not agree with them. If there be those who
would not save the Union unless they could at the same time destroy slavery,
I do not agree with them."
186
i87
Charles Sumner presented a bill providing for the enlistment of 300,000
colored troops. It was reported upon negatively. The State of Massa-
chusetts, however, proceeded to enlist the colored organization famous
^as the "54th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, Colored." One
company of this regiment (B) was raised in Philadelphia by James Mor-
ris Walton, Esq., who became major of the "S4th." Lieutenants Frank
M. Welsh and E. N. Hallowell were also active in securing Philadelphia
recruits. Nearly every company of the "54th" contained Philadelphia and
Pennsylvania men. This was true, also, of the 55th Massachusetts Col-
ored Regiment, of which Norwood Penrose Hallowell, of Philadelphia,
became colonel. So deeply rooted was the old prejudice in Philadelphia
against the blacks, that recruits raised here for the two above designated
regiments were sent away at night in small squads by rail. Referring
to these colored recruits the Philadelphia Inquirer said, June 26th, 1863,
that "Pennsylvania has already lost fully 1,500 men who have enlisted
in Massachusetts."
At a meeting held in Philadelphia upon March 2Sth, 1863, for the
promotion of a colored brigade to be commanded by Col. William An-
geroth, a committee, including Messrs. F. C. Philpot, James Logan, Jacob
Keefer, Charles Angeroth, Jr., W. Henry Moore and William Frishmuth,
reported that the Secretary of War had promised immediate authority to
proceed.*
At another gathering of citizens held in Sansom Street Hall on
the evening of June 19th, 1863, the following persons were named to
constitute a general committee for raising black regiments: Thomas
Webster, Chairman; J. Miller McKim, William H. Ashurst, Evan Ran-
dolph, N. B. Brown, Adolph E. Borie, William D. Kelley, George H.
Boker, Caleb H. Needles, William Rotch Wister, Thomas J. Megear,
Henry Samuel, Henry C. Howell, B. F. Reimer, George T. Thorn, Enoch
R. Hutchinson, William M. Tilghman, A. H. Franciscus, Cadwalader Bid-
die, Samuel S. White, William P. Stotesbury, George M. Connarroe,
George Truman, Jr., Charles Wise, John McAllister, Abraham Barker
and A. G. Cattell.
On the same date Lieut.-Col. Charles C. Ruff, U. S. A., notified
the Citizens' Bounty Fund Committee that, as mustering officer at this
post, he had "orders to authorize the formation of one regiment of ten
companies, colored troops, each company to be eighty strong, to be mus-
tered into the United States service and provided for, in all respects, the
same as white troops." A week later, as a rendezvous for this class of
troops. Camp William Penn was established outside of the city limit, in
Cheltenham township, Montgomery County. Lieut.-Col. Louis Wagner
♦General Order No. 143, May 22d, 1863, provided for a bureau to be
attached to the oiEce of the Adjutant-General at Washington to record all matters
relating to the organization of colored troops. Non-commissioned officers of
colored regiments were selected from the ranks.
i88
(of the 88th Regiment, Pennsylvania Infantry), who had been badly
wounded at Bull Run, was appointed to command the camp.
Upon June 17th, 1863, during the emergency excitement preceding
the battle of Gettysburg, a company of colored men, under Capt. A. M.
Babe, appeared at the City Arsenal and applied for uniforms and guns.
They were fitted out without question and sent to Harrisburg, but were
promptly returned to Philadelphia. This company was accepted by the
Government and mustered upon June 26th, 1863, and was said to have
been the first company of colored troops of Philadelphia enrolled in the
United States service.
When the opportunity came to the free blacks of the ' north to
enlist under the flag of the Union their leading men. '■ were prompt in
appeal to their manhood. In Philadelphia thousands of copies of a
circular were distributed reading in part as follows:
"This is our golden moment. The Government of the United States calls for
every able-bodied colored man to enter the army for the three years' service, and
join in fighting the battles of Liberty and the Union. A new era is open to us.
For generations we have suffered under the horrors of slavery outrage and wrong!
Our manhood has been denied, our citizenship blotted out, our souls seared and
burned, our spirits cowed and crushed, and the hopes of the future of our race
involved in doubt and darkness. But now the whole aspect of our relations with
the white race is changed. * * * * If we love our country, if we love our families,
our children, our homes, we must strike now while the country calls. More than
a million of white men have left comfortable homes and joined the armies of the
Union to save their country. Cannot we leave ours and swell the hosts of the Union,
save our liberties, vindicate our manhood and deserve well of our country? * * * *
Men of color ! Brothers and fathers ! We appeal to you ! By all your concern
for yourselves and your liberties, by all your regard for God and humanity, by all
your desire for citizenship and equality before the law, by all your love of country,
to stop at no subterfuges, listen to nothing that shall deter you from rallying for
the army. Strike now and you are henceforth and forever Freemen!"
Signers: — E. D. Bassett, William D. Forten, Frederick Douglass, William
Whipper, D. M. Turner, James McCrummell, A. S. Cassey, A. M. Green, J. W.
Page, L. R. Seymour, Rev. J. Underdue, John W. Price, Augustus Dorsey, Rev.
Stephen Smith, N. W. Depee, Dr. J. H. Wilson, J. W. Cassey, P. J. Armstrong,
J. W. Simpson, Rev. J. B. Trusty, S. Morgan Smith, William E. Gipson, Rev. J.
Boulden, Rev. J. Asher, Rev. J. C. Gibbs, Daniel George, Robert M. Adger, Henry
M. Cropper, Rev. J. B. Reeve, Rev. J. A. Williams, Rev. A. L. Stanford, Thomas
J. Bowers, Elijah J. Davis, John P. Burr, Robert Jones, O. V. Catto, Thomas J.
Dorsey, I. D. Cliff, Jacob C. White, Morris Hall, James Needham, Rev. Elisha
Weaver, Ebenezer Black, Rev. William T. Catto, James R. Gordon, Samuel Stewart,
David B. Bowser, Henry Minton, Daniel CoUey, J. C. White, Jr., Rev. J. P. Camp-
bell, Rev. W. J. Alston, J. P. Johnson, Franklin Turner and Jesse E. Glasgow.
White officers for the colored troops were selected with great care,
generally from regiments of white troops in the field. The committee
for the supervision of recruiting of colored regiments opened a school
of instruction at 12 10 Chestnut street, where, under the direction of
Maj. George A. Hearns, U. S. A. Commissioner, Col. John H. Taggart
(late an officer of the 12th Regiment, Veteran Reserve Corps), in-
structed applicants for commissions. Upon October 3d, 1863, the 6th
i8g
Regiment and four companies of the 8th Regiment, colored troops, were
paraded in the city under the command of Col. John W. Ames, and
escorted by Lieut.-Col. Louis Wagner and staff. These regiments were
reviewed at the Union League Club and provided with a dinner at the
Union Volunteer Refreshment Saloon. The soldierly bearing of these
troops won for them and their officers great praise from the newspapers
and the public*
The colored regiments mustered at Camp William Penn were num-
bered the 3d, 6th, 8th, 22d, 24th, 25th, 32d, 41st, 43d, 45th and 127th,
and as they were rated as part of the regular force of the United States
Army, they were not credited upon the quota of Philadelphia or of the
State of Pennsylvania.
The records for bravery under fire and efficiency in the campaigns
in which they were employed, to the credit of the colored soldiers in the
Union Army, were shared by the ten thousand nine hundred and forty
rank and file, and nearly four hundred white officers commanding them,
all of whom were originally assembled at Camp William Penn.
Upon a pillar of the Court of Honor erected in honor of the 33d
Annual National Encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic, Sep-
tember 4th to 9th, 1899, was inscribed the name, for distinguished hero-
ism, of Serg. Arthur Harold of Company A, 8th Regiment, United States
Colored Troops, who was killed at Petersburg.
In a general order of October nth, 1864, Maj.-Gen. Benjamin F.
Butler, referring to a charge made by these troops at New Market, wrote :
"Better men were never better led, better officers never led better men.
A few more such charges and to command colored troops will be the post
of honor in the American armies."
Ever since the Civil War colored regiments have been a part of the
military arm of the nation.
THIRD REGIMENT INFANTRY (U. S. COLORED TROOPS)
Colonel Benjamin G. Tilghman.
Organized at Camp William Penn in August, 1863, this regiment was
attached to the Fourth Brigade, Tenth Corps, and was stationed at Morris
Island, Charleston Harbor, S. C, at Hilton Head, S. C, and in Feb-
ruary, 1864, transferred to Vogdes' Division, District of Florida. With
this and other commands its subsequent service was confined to the State
of Florida. The "3d" participated in the assaults on Forts Wagner and
♦For the assistance of these volunteers the Colored Women's Sanitary Com-
mission was formed, with headquarters at 404 Walnut street. The officers were
Mrs. Caroline Johnson, President; Mrs. Arena Ruffin, Vice-President; Rev, Stephen
Smith, Treasurer; Rev. J. Asher, Secretary.
190
Gregg, and in operations at Charleston, S. C. ; also in a series of expedi-
tions and actions in Florida. For a considerable period the regiment
served as heavy artillery. The command was retained in the service for
garrison duty at Jacksonville, Fernandina and other points to October
2 1 St, 1865, when it was mustered out.
BATTLES, ETC.
Operations on Morris' Island, S. C, including Forts Wagner and Gregg, expedi-
tion to Florida, expedition to Lake City, Fla., expedition to Camp Milton, Fla.,
expedition to Bryant's plantation.
SIXTH REGIMENT INFANTRY (U. S. COLORED TROOPS)
Coi,ONEL John W. Ames.
Leaving Camp William Penn on October 14th, 1863, the "6th"
joined the army at Fortress Monroe, and was, in the course of its his-
tory, attached to the Eighteenth, Tenth and Twenty-fifth Corps. In its
two years of service the regiment had a more active part in a field of
operations covering a large portion of two States than any other colored
regiment originating in Pennsylvania. With its camp at Yorktown, Va.,
the regiment accompanied expeditions into North Carolina and to vari-
ous points on the peninsula, joining the colored division under Gen. B.
F. Butler on the James River in May, 1864, and participating in battles
and operations incident to the siege of Petersburg and Richmond. Its
most notable record was gained at the battle of Chaffin's Farm (New
Market Heights), where it lost most heavily. Here a company, led by
Capt. John McMurray, went into the charge with thirty-two men and
returned with but three. This was the greatest average company loss
recorded of any troops in the course of the war. It was in this charge
that Capt. Robert B. Beath, subsequently commissioned lieutenant-colonel,
lost his leg.
With the Twenty-fifth Corps in the operations on the North Carolina
coast at the beginning of 1865, the "6th" was in the advance upon and
capture of Fort Fisher, and in the following campaign, which cleared
eastern North Carolina of the enemy and finally led to a junction with
Gen. Sherman's army at Raleigh and the capitulation of Gen. Johnston,
after which the "6th" performed garrison duty at Wilmington, N. C, to
its muster out on September 20th, 1865.
The chaplain. Rev. Jeremiah W. Asher, lost his life at Wilmington
through attendance on men suffering from malignant fever.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or mortally wounded ' officers, 8; men, 79
Died of disease " 5 ; " 132
Wounded, not mortally, and missing (officers and men) 168
191
BATTLES.
Expedition against Richmond, skinnish near Williamsburg, expedition from
Yorktown to New Kent Court House, City Point, Petersburg (June pth, 1864),
Butler's operations against Petersburg and Richmond, Petersburg (assai^t June
iSth, 1864), Petersburg (June 16th, i8th, 1864), Dutch Gap, Chaffin's Farm (Fort
Harrison), Fort Fisher (December, 1864), Fort Fisher (January, 1865), Sugar
Loaf Battery, N. C, occupation of Wihnington. N. C, skirmish, Phillips Cross
Roads, N. C.
EIGHTH REGIMENT INFANTRY (U. S. COLORED TROOPS)
CoLONEi, John W. Fuller.
This regiment was ready for the field in December, 1863, and left
Philadelphia for Hilton Head, S. C, on January i6th, 1864, from which
point it was ordered to Jacksonville, Fla. At the battle of Olustee, a
point about fifty miles westward from that city, on February 20th, the
"8th" met with disastrous losses. Among the wounded was Capt. (after-
ward Lieut-Col.) C^orge E. Wagner, brother of Gen. Louis Wagner.
After several months of further campaigning in Florida the regiment was
sent to the Tenth Corps, operating in front of Richmond and Petersburg.
The "8th" was engaged in the battles of Chaffin's Farm (Fort Harrison),
Darbytown Road and the second Fair Oaks. After wintering in the
trenches before Richmond the r^ment participated in the final struggle
around Petersburg, and was present at the scene of the surrender at
Appomattox. After several weeks of duty at Petersburg the "8th" was
sent by transport to Texas, serving there until November. The regiment
was mustered out on the loth, and finally discharged at Philadelphia
December 12th, 1865.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or mortally wounded ofiBcers, 4; men, 115
Died of disease " 132
Wounded, not mortally " 245
Captured or missing " 72
BATTLES.
Olustee, Bermuda Hundred, ChafiSn's Farm, Darbjrtown Road, siege of Peters-
burg, Hatcher's Run, fall of Petersburg, pursuit of Lee, Appomattox Court House.
Note. — This regiment is included in the well-known and oft quoted list of "Three
Hundred Fighting Regiments." Fox.
TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT INFANTRY (U. S. COLORED
TROOPS)
Colonel Joseph B. Kjddoo.
This regiment proceeded from Camp William Penn to Yorktown,
Va., at the end of January, 1864, and as a part of Hinck's Division,
Eighteenth Corps, participated in Butler's demonstrations against Peters-
192
burg and Richmond, and was engaged in the attack on Fort Powhattan
incident to Grant's advance to and across the James River. The "22d"
was active in the heavy siege operations beginning in June, 1864, and
ending with the fall of Petersburg and Richmond, fighting in many
notable battles incident to that period of the war. It was honored by
selection as one of the first Union regiments sent into Richmond. It
was detailed as part of the escort at the funeral obsequies of President
Lincoln at Washington, after which it was sent to the Eastern Shore of
Maryland in pursuit of the assassins. The "22d" was now transported
to Texas as part of the Twenty-fifth Corps, where it was kept on patrol
duty along the Rio Grande River for four months. The regiment was
mustered out October i6th, 1865.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died from wounds officers, 2 ; men, 70
Died of disease, etc " I ; " 144
BATTLES, ETC.
Engag«d on duty near Yorktown, Butler's operations, Bermuda Hundred, Fort
Powhattan, Dutch Gap, assault at Petersburg, Chaffin's Farm (New Market), Fair
Oaks (October 27th, 28th, 1864), Chaffin's Farm. (November 4th), in trenches be-
fore Richmond, occupation of Richmond, duty in Texas to end of enlistment.
TWENTY=FOURTH REGIMENT INFANTRY (U. S. COLORED
TROOPS)
Colonel Orlando Brown.
This regiment was moved from Camp William Penn to Washington
May 5th, 1865. After a brief stay at (3amp Casey it was assigned to
guard prisoners at Point Lookout, Md., and subsequently to patrol
and provost duty at Richmond, Va., and points in Virginia, with head-
quarters at Burkeville. It was mustered out at Richmond October ist,
1865.
TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT INFANTRY (U. S. COLORED TROOPS)
Colonel Octavius A. Scroggs.
The right wing of this regiment left Philadelphia March 15th, 1864,
and was assigned to garrison duty at Beaufort, N. C, later joining the
left wing at New Orleans. In October the command was sent to Pensa-
cola, Fla., in which State it was garrisoned at Forts Pickens and Bar-
rancas to the conclusion of its service, December 6th, 1865.
CONFEDERATE PRISONERS AT FORT DELAWARE.
THIRTY-SECOND REGIMENT INFANTRY (U. S. COLORED
TROOPS)
Colonel George W. Baird.
Organized at Camp William Penn in the spring of 1864, the "32d"
was ordered to Hilton Head, S. C, arriving there on April 27th. A few
weeks later the command was sent to Morris Island, joining the troops
then operating against Charleston. Here and at points along the South
Carolina coast the regiment was on duty throughout its term of service.
It was mustered out August 22d, 1865.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died of wounds officers, 2; men, 35
Died of disease " 113
BATTLES. ETC.
Duty at Hilton Head, Morris' Island, siege operations, expedition to Boyd's
Neck, Honey Hill, raid on Savannah Railroad, Devaux Neck, James' Island, oc-
cupation of Charleston, Potter expedition. Dingle's Mills, Statesboro, Camden,
Boydkin's Mills, Beach Creek, Denken's Mills.
FORTY=FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY (U. S. COLORED
TROOPS)
Colonel Llewellyn F. Haskell.
This regiment left Camp William Penn October i8th, 1864, proceed-
ing to the vicinity of Richmond, there being attached to Hinck's Division,
Tenth Corps. The regiment remained with the Army of the Potomac
until May 2Sth, 1865, being then sent by sea to join the Twenty-fifth
Corps in Texas,* where it was engaged on guard and patrol duty. In
September, 1865, the "41st" was reduced to a battalion of four com-
panies. It was mustered out at Brownsville November loth, and dis-
banded at Philadelphia on December 14th, 1865.
BATTLES AND SERVICES.
Deep Bottom, before Richmond, Fair Oaks (October 27th, 28th, 1864), picket
duty at Chaffin's Farm, Hatcher's Run, Fall of Petersburg, pursuit of Lee, Ap-
pomattox Court House, on duty at Edenburg, Texas.
*The Twenty-fifth Corps was composed of colored troops of the Tenth and
Eighteenth Corps. It was created December 3d, 1864, and the entire corps
was transferred to Texas in May and June, 1865. It was commanded by Major-
Gen. Godfrey Weitzel.
13 193
FORTY-THIRD REGIMENT INFANTRY (U. S. COLORED
TROOPS)
Colonel Stephen B. Yeoman.
Organized at Camp William Penn, this regiment was stationed at
Annapolis April i8th, 1864. It was attached to the Ninth Corps from
September to November, being then transferred to the Twenty-fifth
Corps, and participated in the active campaigns incident to the siege of
Petersburg and Richmond, being often engaged. After the conclusion
of hostilities in Virginia the regiment was dispatched to Texas. It was
mustered out October 20th, and discharged at Philadelphia November
30th, 1865.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died of wounds officers. 3 ; men, 48
Died of disease " 188
BATTLES AND SERVICES.
Campaign from the Rapidan to the James River, before Petersburg, opera-
tions against Richmond, mine explosion, Weldon Railroad, Poplar Grove Church,
Boydton Plank Road, Hatcher's Run, before Richmond through the winter,
Hatcher's Run, fall of Petersburg, pursuit of Lee, Appomattox Court House, duty
at Petersburg and City Point, duty on the Rio Grande River to end of enlist-
ment.
FORTY=FIFTH REGIMENT INFANTRY (U. S. COLORED
TROOPS)
Colonel Ulysses Doubleday.
This regiment was recruited during the summer of 1864. Four
companies were ordered from Camp William Penn in July for garrison
duty at Arlington Heights. Six companies left Philadelphia late in Sep-
tember and were assigned to the Tenth Corps. These companies experi-
enced the fighting with which the command is credited, being engaged
in several of the battles incident to the investment of Petersburg and
Richmond. The battalion from Arlington joined the later companies in
camp at Chaffin's Farm and shared with them in the Appomattox cam-
paign, after which the regiment was ordered to Texas along with other
colored regiments and employed there on guard and provost duty. The
"45th" was mustered out at Brownsville November 4th, 1865.
BATTLES AND SERVICES.
Guard duty at Arlington (four companies), movements around Richmond,
Chaffin's Farm, Fort Harrison, Fair Oaks (October 27th, 28th, 1864), winter in
the trenches before Richmond, Hatcher's Run, fall of Petersburg, pursuit of Lee,
Appomattox Court House, guard duty at City Point, duty on the Rio Grande to
end of enlistment.
194
ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY
(U. S. COLORED TROOPS)
Colonel, Benjamin F. Tracy.
This regiment was the last to leave Camp William Penn. It was
ordered to City Point, Va., in September, 1864, and there attached to
the Tenth Corps. Its movements and engagements were identical with
those of the left wing of the "45th" Regiment, including the transfer
after Lee's surrender to further duty in Texas. It was mustered out
upon the Rio Grande river October 20th, 1865.
SOME OF THE FIGHTING REGIMENTS
AN oft-quoted list of three hundred regiments, selected from the
entire Union force for superior fighting records, by Col.
William F. Fox* includes the following commands identified
with Philadelphia : Cavalry — nth Regiment. Infantry — 26th,
28th, 6ist, 69th, 71st, 72d, 8ist, 95th, ii6th, ii8th, 119th, 121st, isoth
Regiments, 6th and 8th U. S. (Colored) Regiments. In qualifying his
selections. Col. Fox says: "It is not claimed that these are the three
hundred fighting regiments of the army, but that they are the three
hundred fighting regiments which evidently did considerable fighting dur-
ing the war."
An impartial study of the records made by a number of Philadel-
phia regiments not included in the above list must awaken a sense of re-
gret that their achievements as effective fighters were not duly considered
in the compilation thus set forth.
PHILADELPHIA REGIMENTS WHICH SUSTAINED A LOSS IN KILLED
AND MORTALLY WOUNDED EXCEEDING TEN PER CENT. OF
TOTAL ENROLMENT IN ACTIVE SERVICE.*
Total
6ist Regiment 237
69th "
72d "
8ist "
106th "
ii8th "
119th "
I2ISt "
i88th "
150th "
237
178
11.9 per c«
10.3 "
mt.
193
208
12.9
12.9
104
10.3
141
II.O
141
1 1-5
109
12.S
103
10.3
112
10.3
♦"Regimental Losses in the American Civil War."
FORT DELAWARE AND FORT MIFFLIN
FORT DELAWARE, the chief defensive work for the Port of
Philadelphia, was building, according to the original plan, in
1850* At this time historic Fort Mifflin, within sight pf the
present Navy Yard at League Island, was the only point of
protection afforded Philadelphia. During the Civil War a garrison was
maintained at Fort Mifflin, where large supplies of ammunition were
stored. Here, also, was the execution ground for deserters and "bounty
jumpers. "t Fort Delaware, located in mid-stream, upon an island of
one hundred and twenty-five acres, is a massive structure, its ground
plan forming an irregular pentagon. In 1861 its armament consisted
of nineteen columbiads, fourteen eight-inch guns and a large number of
smaller cannon. The range of gun-fire was three miles. This place
was admirably adapted for a military prison camp. The post was placed
in the command of Brig.-Gen. A. Shoepf, U. S. A. In April, 1861, a
single company of seventy regular artillerymen guarded the fort.J On
April 24th the Commonwealth Artillery, volunteers from Philadelphia,
reinforced the garrison. A guard-boat, the Hero, was employed as a
patrol. The space outside of the fort was gradually covered with bar-
racks for the prisoners of war who were guarded here at a later time.
The weakness of the forts of the Delaware River and Bay was a
cause of much anxiety to the civil and military authorities of Philadel-
phia and to the State Government, and while, in the course of the war,
much was done to strengthen the armaments of old Fort Mifflin and Fort
*In 1851 the construction work on Fort Delaware was in charge of Capt. George
B. McClellan, of the Corps of Engineers, U. S. A. He was subsequently sent by
Jefferson Davis, Secretary of War, to study military science in the Crimea. He
resigned from the army in 1857 to enter the field of railroad construction and
operation. In 1859, when a member of the Inquirer staff visited the fort, it was
far from completion, and no guns had been sent for emplacement. The work at
that period was under charge of Captain John Newton, U. S. A.
fin the winter of 1863-64 the crew of the bark A. I. were imprisoned at Fort
MifHin. This vessel, laden with heavy cannon from the Navy Yard, shells from
ordnance stores and powder from the Dupont Mills, was, it has always been
thought, destined to voluntarjr capture by the Confederates. The ship was finally
released by orders from Washington, but the mystery of the disloyalty in high
places revealed in this strange transaction was never cleared up. The case of
the owners against Provost Marshal Gen. George Cadwalader was only settled
by a verdict for the defendant five years later. The story has been recorded in
"A True Romance of the Rebellion," by A. A. Gen. Cyrus S. Haldeman.
Jit is stated in Sharf & Westcott's history that, on April igth, 175 men
proceeded to garrison Fort Delaware. The Commonwealth Artillery and Penn-
sylvania Guards left for Fort Delaware on the night of April 24th.
Fort Mifflin was garrisoned by the Richmond (Philadelphia) Artillery and
the Kensington Rifles with a detachment of police on the morning of April 23d, 1861.
196
197
Delaware, these works were not made secure against the danger of re-
duction, especially by "foreign" fleets, of which there was, much of the
time, good reason to be afraid. This reasonable apprehension was
reflected in repeated representations from the Pennsylvania Legislature
to the United States Government.*
Among the Philadelphia troops stationed at Fort Delaware, fol-
lowing those of the Commonwealth Artillery, were Segebarth's Marine
Artillery, two companies, and also Independent Battery A, Heavy Artil-
lery, Capt. Frank Schaflfer. From March ist, 1862, the battery was com-
manded by Capt. Stanislaus Mlotkowski. This command, enlisted for
three years, was stationed here from September 19th, 1861, to the con-
clusion of the war, having been reorganized at the end of its enlistment,
in September, 1864. It was finally discharged from service June 30th,
1865.
A battalion of four companies of the 157th Regiment, Lieut.-Col.
Edmund T. Tiers, was stationed at the fort in December, 1862. Com-
panies D, G and H, 3d Heavy Artillery, were stationed here in the
early part of 1862.
Companies L and M, of the 2d Heavy Artillery (112th Regiment),
were on duty at the fort two months, in the summer of 1863. The
196th Regiment, Penna. Vols. (5th Union League Regiment), was lo-
cated here in November, 1864.
The 215th Regiment (9th Union League Regiment), Col. Francis
Wister, served at the fort from June to August, 1865.
The prisoners were generally, if not altogether, conveyed to Fort
Delaware through Philadelphia. The largest single party of Confederates
arrived upon June 9th, 1863, and came from Vicksburg.f They num-
bered twenty-four hundred. As a rule, the prisoners, as well as their
* Joint Resolution approved February 26th, 1862 (Pamphlet Laws, 1862, page
550), relative to the defences of Delaware River and Bay.
Whereas, New exigencies have arisen to force upon the attention of Penn-
sylvania the unprotected condition of the eastern coast of the State. *****
Be it Unacted, etc., That, moved by the deepest solicitude in view of the con-
tinued delay of the United States Government, we urge upon our Senators and
Representatives in Congress the exertion of the most strenuous and immediate
efforts to secure a system of adequate defence for the Delaware River and Bay.
The Governor of this Commonwealth is requested to confer with the Governors
of New Jersey and Delaware to secure co-operation of these States in the further-
ance of this important object, alike indispensable to the interests of these States.
Again, by Joint Resolution of May 26th, 1862, the Pennsylvania Legislature
urged insistently and impressively that the Government should provide such de-
fensive works "as shall remove all apprehension from sudden invasion of either
domestic or foreign foes." The State authorities offered to pledge the credit of
the Commonwealth, if necessary, to the extent of one million dollars for this
purpose.
tThe siege of Vicksburg began upon May i8th. The surrender occurred on
July 4th. These prisoners were captured during the intervening assaults conducted
by Gen. U. S. Grant.
198
guards, were given a hearty meal at the refreshment saloons before
taking steamers at the foot of Washington avenue. This kindly treat-
ment was a surprise to the captives.
It was reported that on July ist, 1863, the prisoners at the fort
numbered three thousand five hundred and seventy-six. Prior to and
during the battle of Gettysburg these prisoners confidently expected speedy
release at the hands of the advancing Confederate army. Much anxiety
existed, with regard to them, in Philadelphia, and the guards were greatly
increased. During July and August, following the battle, in excess of nine
thousand additional prisoners arrived at the fort. This accession neces-
sitated more extensive hospital facilities. In September, 1863, a new hos-
pital, containing six hundred beds, and in every way sanitary and com-
fortable, was opened for the use of both the prisoners and their guards,
without distinction. As a story had been spread abroad that the prison-
ers were being ill-treated, a number of Confederate surgeons, confined
at the fort, united in a communication to the Philadelphia newspapers
denying the report and testifying to the very low death rate among
the prisoners. At this time there were many among the prisoners who
realized that the Confederacy was destined to fail and were glad to avail
themselves of an opportunity to enlist in the Union army.*
One detachment of two hundred recruits from among the prisoners
was taken to Baltimore and attached to a Federal cavalry regiment.
At a time when many thousand of our ill-fated Union volunteers
were being starved to death at Salisbury, N.- C. ; Florence, S. C, and
at Andersonville, Ga., the bill of fare served in the hospital, to Con-
federates, in the prison camp at Fort Delaware, was as follows:
Sunday :
Breakfast — bread and butter, cold meat, coffee. Dinner — ^beef soup, potatoes,
bread pudding. Supper — bread and butter, tea, stewed fruit.
Monday :
Breakfast — ^bread and butter, hash, coffee. Dinner — Irish stew, bread. Supper —
mush and milk, coftee.
Tuesday :
Breakfast — fried mush and molasses, coffee. Dinner — soup, roast beef, vege-
tables, bread. Supper — cold beef, bread and butter, tea.
Wednesday :
Breakfast — two eggs, bread and butter, coffee. Dinner — pork and beans, po-
tatoes, bread pudding. Supper — mush and milk, bread and butter, tea.
Thursday :
Breakfast — bread and butter, mush and molasses, coffee. Dinner — chicken soup,
potatoes, bread and rice. Supper — cold) beef, bread and butter, stewed
fruit, tea.
* To the West Philadelphia police is due the credit of capturing the only lone
invader, of the four dreaded northward forays of the Confederate hosts, who
succeeded in entering this City save as a prisoner of war. On July 22d, 1864,
George Bane, of Moseby's Cavalry, was picked up at Grays Ferry. Clad in his
dusty uniform, he disclaimed any credit as a deserter. Having been left in the
rear of Early's raiders, he "just thought he would like to see what Philadelphia
looked like," so he toured northward. He was registered at Fort Delaware.
199
Friday :
Breakfast— two eggs, bread and butter, coffee. Dinner— mutton stew, vege-
tables, bread. Supper — ^mush and milk, coffee.
Saturday :
Breakfast— fr.ied mush and molasses. Dinner— roast beef, potatoes, bread and
butter, coffee. Supper — cold beef, bread and butter, coffee.
Two books, written by Confederate civilians, furnish interesting
side-lights upon experiences of prisoners of war held in northern military
prisons during the Rebellion; period. The first of these, John A. Marshall,
author, entitled "The American Bastile," was printed in Philadelphia in
J869, and purports to set forth the sufferings of about one hundred
northern men arrested and immured upon various charges of treasonable
conduct. Of the list five persons, Charles and Edward Ingersoll, William
H. Winder, John Apple and John E. Robinson, were Philadelphians.
The pages of this work are strongly tinctured with the wrath of the
"unreconstructed" and cannot be regarded as impartial testimony. The
other, entitled "United States Bonds, or Duress by Federal Authority,"
was penned by the Rev. Isaac W. K. Handy (father of the late Moses
P. Handy, journalist), a minister of Portsmouth, Virginia. Dr. Handy's
book deals entirely with prison life at Fort Delaware, where he was
detained over a period of fifteen months, beginning July 21st, 1863.
This volume* is a valuable and temperate journal of "inside" experiences
at the great prison camp, dealing, as it does, with all fairness, concerning
the routine of the prison and the incidents of which he was a witness,
and testifying, in a modest way, to the religious influence he was able
to exert over a large proportion of his fellow prisoners. The book con-
tains the names of six hundred Confederates who were removed from
Fort Delaware on August 20th, 1864, by transport to Morris Island,
S. C, as a measure of reprisal.
Dr. Handy's estimate of the commandant at Fort Delaware is sug-
gested in the following quotation (Page 272) :
"I was passing a sally-port when I heard my name called by the Commandant,
and before I could cross over he said, 'You will be released in a few days.' As
I was approaching General Schoepf (who was walking with General Jeff. Thomp-
son) the Commandant said, pointing to me, 'He is a Rebel, too.' I inquired of
General Thompson how ihe happened to be at Fort Delaware. 'He came here,' said
General Schoepf, 'to be well treated. We know how to treat the soldier here,
don't you think so?' I very cordially assented to this remark. The General con-
tinued, 'You must not abuse me when you leave here.' 'I shall not be disposed to
do so,' I replied. 'You have always treated me with great kindness. I think you
have the good feeling of all the prisoners.' "
It is further related that the famous guerilla chief had been invited
to dine with the commanding officer and was visited, a little later, by
his reverend acquaintance, who found him comfortably roomed and
"seated in front of a good coal fire."
* A copy of Dr. Handy's book may be seen at the Philadelphia Library.
THE NAVY
PENNSYLVANIA was well represented in
the navy register of the Civil War period.
The most notable figure, native of Phila-
delphia, in the service was Capt. Charles
Stewart. This fine old sea fighter was born when
the British occupied Philadelphia in 1778. In 1862
he was promoted to the rank of rear admiral. For
a long term he was the senior retired officer of the
navy, and was only retired after seventy-one years
of service. He died, at the age of ninety-one, in
1869. Other distinguished naval officers, natives
of the State and all Philadelphians by birth or
residence, were:
Rear Admirals James L. Lardner, David Dixon
Porter, Sylvanus W. Godon, John A. Dahlgren, John C.
Howell, Elie A. F. Lavalette, Clark H. Wells, James
McQueen Forsyth, Lewis Wood Robinson, Henry Kuhn
Hoff, Edward York McCauley, George Wallace Melville,
John Marston, George Campbell Read.
Commodores William McKean, Joseph Beale, Edward
Rees Thompson, Garrett J. Pendergrast, John C. Febiger, William Talbot Truxton,
James H. Watmough, William J. McCluney, William Ronckendorf.
Captains Benjamin Franklin Garvin, George Cochran, Albert Carpenter
Gorgas, William Rawle Brown, Henry S. Steelwagen, H. A. Adams.
Commander Abner Reed.
Lieut. Commanders A. Boyd Cummings, John Livingston, D. Borthwick,
James Patterson Robertson, Clarke Merchant, Henry Douglas McEwan, George
H. White.
Lieutenants Frank M. Ashton, Harrison Allen, Henry Clay Mcllvaine.
U. S. MARINE CORPS.
Brig-Gen. Jacob Zeilin, Col. Charles Grymes McCawley, Col. James Forney,
Major John C. Cash, Lieut. James Black Young.
Surgeons Edward F. Carson, Samuel H. Peltz and William Whelan.
NECROLOGY.
Of the above officers those who were killed or died during the war included :
George Campbell Read, U. S. N., Rear Admiral. Died August 22d, 1862.
Garrett J. Pendergrast, U. S. N., Commandant, U. S. Navy Yard at Philadel-
phia. Died November 7th, 1862.
Abner Reed, Commander. Died July 12th, 1863, from wounds received in action.
Edward F. Carson, Surgeon. Died July 22d, 1864.
Samuel H. Peltz, Surgeon. Died January 15th, 1865.
William Whelan, Surgeon, Chief of the Naval Medical Bureau. Died June, i86S.
200
w
>
<
w
p
w
w
«
tn
Q -^
°a
E-' S
O c
. s
>
en
H
H
<
H
in
n
w
S
t3
U. S. S. NEW IRONSIDES.
j;
.!|
^
1
^^
J
X,
^^
^
(
.
/:
!;'■
L--^
m \
c
/Jk^-^
Jit--
/ ' ■.',!■
■ /J
P ' ■ .
/■''rV'
^
T^
^
' ■ '-'// illl '\ ,, Ai SLA.
i'/J III 1-fl iJA^^flHsH
^
m
H
S^^^^spgffijpj^^
1
cr^
U. S. S. TUSCARORA.
WORK AT THE OLD PHILADELPHIA NAVY YARD AND IN
PRIVATE SHIPYARDS
T
^HE first United States Navy Yard at Phila-
delphia was located in the First Ward, just
south of Washington avenue, and fronting
upon the Delaware River. The entrance
was on Federal street. It included, in an irregular
quadrangle, eighteen acres, which were enclosed upon
the land sides by a high brick wall. The principal
buildings were two great ship-houses, moulding lofts,
machine shops and barracks. A sectional floating dry-
dock was also a part of the equipment. In the ante-
bellum days the average number of men employed
was eight hundred. These civilian employees very
generally lived, with their families, in the neighbor-
hood.
The Navy Yard occupied the site of the pre-
Revolutionary Association Battery, where, at a later
period, Joshua Humphries had a shipyard. This
leading naval architect built the frigate United States
here, in 1797, and in 1799, launched the famous
frigate Philadelphia, which was presented to the Gov-
ernment by the State of Pennsylvania, a ship forever
associated with the brilliant exploit of Stephen Decatur in the harbor of
Tripoli.* The Government established the Navy Yard in the year 1800,
and it became the chief building and outfitting plant of the Navy. The
ship of the line North Carolina was launched here in 1820, and in 1837 the
frigate Pennsylvania, the largest ship ever constructed, up to that date,
was completed. The Vandalia, Dale, Germantown,, Wyoming, Raritan,
Wabash, Lancaster, Mississippi and Susquehanna were all built at this
yard by Philadelphia workmen. The Princeton, fastest ship of her time,
famous in the annals of the Kane Arctic Expedition, was turned out
here. Of these Philadelphia ships the Pennsylvania, Germantown and
Raritan were burned April 20th, 1861, at the Portsmouth, Va., Navy
Yard.
The Civil War gave employment, at this Navy Yard, to a force of
mechanics numbering, at times, 2,500 to 3,000 men. A remarkable
achievement was the building of the sloop of war Tuscarora, which was
constructed in fifty-eight days and launched on August 24th, 1861. This
♦Joshua Humphries was appointed First Chief Naval Constructor, and was
succeeded by his son, Samuel Humphries, who held the position to 1846.
201
202
feat had never been equalled in naval history. Upon December 7th
this fine ship was taken to New York for her armament, and in a few
months was busy hunting down Confederate privateers in European
waters. Constant repair and outfitting work throughout the war left
scant time for new construction. In February, 1861, the workmen were
busy outfitting "Water Witch," Jamestown, Pawnee and St. Lawrence.
In the course of the war, however, a number of notable sea fighters were
built "of good Delaware white oak" at this historic yard. Of the forty
United States warships upon the seas at the beginning at 1861 the
Brooklyn, Crusader, Falmouth, Mohawk, Macedonian, Pawnee, Poca-
hontas, Powhattan, Sabine, St. Louis, Wyandotte and Supply were en-
rolled in the home squadron. The balance were in distant parts of the
world, and as they gradually reported upon the coast they were assigned
to the various navy yards for refitting and recruiting. The Philadelphia
Navy Yard had, of these, its full quota.
Upon June i8th, 1862, the City Councils had undertaken a move-
ment to induce the Government to establish a new navy yard at League
Island. Eventually the city presented the site to the Navy Department,
and the Government began the preparatory work. After removal to that
location the old Navy Yard was sold at auction upon December 2d, 1875.*
The New Ironsides.
By far the most important vessel built at this port for war purposes
and the most formidable ship of the navy was the New Ironsides, the
contract for which was awarded to William Cramp & Sons. This
fighting monster was launched, armed and in service eleven months
after the work was commenced. She was a distinctly new type, having
a displacement of 5,080 tons, ship-rigged, 1,800 horsepower, and carried
sixteen 2,200 pounder Dahlgren guns and two Parrott rifled guns on
pivots. The broadside weight was 1,100 pounds. Her wooden framing
was the heaviest ever placed in a ship. She was sheathed with four-inch
iron plates backed with fourteen inches of oak. The plating covered the
ship from the spar deck to a line four feet below the water level. Length,
232 feet; beam, 57 feet 6 inches; draught, 15 feet. The New Ironsides,
being intended for coastwise service, was barque rigged. The plates
for the ship were made by Bailey, Brown & Co., of Pittsburgh, and
at the Bristol (Pa.) Iron Works. The engines were built by S. V.
Merrick & Sons, Philadelphia. This new type of sea fighter was
launched upon May loth, 1862, being christened by the venerable Com-
*Report of 1862, Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy:
In March, 1861, the navy had only 42 vessels in commission. Only 207 men
were available as recruits at all of the naval stations. The entire number of
seamen was 7,600. Upon December ist, 1862, the navy had 427 vessels in commis-
sion and building, the average strength of the naval force for the year being
about 20,000.
203
modore Charles Stewart, and soon afterward became the flagship of
Admiral S. F. Du Pont.
In the course of the war the New Ironsides participated in twenty
battles, including that of Fort Fisher, where she engaged the heavy
Confederate batteries at short range, and through it all sustained but
slight injuries. \Miile laid up at League Island in 1866 she was de-
stroyed by fire.
In other private shipyards hundreds of skilled mechanics were busy
upon Government ship construction and repair throughout the war, and
at the Neafie & Levy plant many of the engines were built for naval
use. This firm built the boilers for the ponderous iron submarine battery
which was constructed at Bordentown, N. J., by E. A. Stevens. A gun-
boat was also launched at Bordentown on March 15th, 1862, which
is said to have been the first warship ever built in New Jersey. In the
summer of 1862 two monitors, the Sangamon and Lehigh, were completed
at Chester, Pa., by the firm of Reaney, Son & Archbold. This firm also
built the steamer Wateree. Several gunboats were also built at Wil-
mington, Delaware.
Ships of \^'ar Buii,t at the Port of Philadelphia During the War.
At the U. S. Navy Y.vrd :
Sloop-of-War "Tnscarora." Launched August a4tli, 1861. Machinery, S. V.
Merrick & Sons.
Sloop-of-War "Juniata." Launched March 20th, 1862. Machinery, Pusey,
Jones & Co., Wilmington.
Sloop-of-War "Swatara." 1862. Machinery, Washington.
Steamer "Miami." Launched Nov. 17th, 1861. Machinery, S. V. Merrick &
Sons.
Sloop-of-War "Yantic" 1864. Machinery, S. V. Merrick & Sons.
Sloop-of-War "Monongahela." Launched July loth, 1862. Machinery, S. V.
Merrick & Sons.
Sloop-of-War "Shenandoah." Launched Dec. 8th, 1862. Machinery, S. V.
Merrick & Sons.
Gunboat "Kansas." 1863.
Steam Frigate "Neshaminy." Launched Oct 5th, 1865.
Steamer "Tacony." 1863. Machiner\'. Morris Towne & Co.
Ironclad double turret Monitor 'TTonawanda." 1864. Machinery, S. V. Mer-
rick & Sons.
In Private Ship Yards:
Gunboat "Kittanning." Launched Oct ist, 1861. Simpson & Neill.
Gunboat "Itasca." Laimched Oct 1st, 1861. Hillman & Streaker. Ma-
chinery, J. P. Morris & Co.
Gunboat "Wissahickon." Launched Oct 2d, 1861. John W. Lynn.
Gunboat "Sciota." Launched Oct 15th, 1861. Jacob Birely. Machinery, J. P.
Morris & Co.
Ironclad Frigate "New Ironsides." Latmched May loth, 1862. Wm. Cramp
& Sons. Machinery-, S. V. Merrick & Sons.
Transport "AVyalusing." Launched May 12th, 1863. Wm. Cramp & Sons.
Machinery, Pusey, Jones & Co., Wilmii^on.
Gunboat 'Pontiac." Launched May i6th, 1863. Birley, Hillman & Co.
Sloop-of-War "Chattanooga." Launched Oct 13th, 1864. Wm. Cramp & Sons.
204
The downtown river wards furnished a large percentage of the
men who formed the crews of the Philadelphia-built warships, and
later, when drafts impended in some of these wards, this fact and the
employment of thousands of men in the shipyards and machine shops
along or near the Delaware River was urged as a valid reason for the
deficiency found in filling their quotas of volunteers for the army.*
Numerous prize ships were brought to this port, and our ship owners
lost many merchant vessels at the hands of Confederate privateers. The
packet ship "Tonawanda," of the Cope Line, Capt. Theodore Julius, was
captured upon October 9th, 1862, by the famous "Alabama" and bonded
for $80,000. This bond was never enforced.!
WAR SERVICE OF OUR SHIPS
R
ECORDS of the war service of some of the
Philadelphia-built vessels of the Civil War have
been furnished for this book by the Navy De-
partment. They are as follows:
"Itasca," gunboat, 507 tons. Served during Civil War with
West Gulf Squadron; engaged in operations against Forts
Jackson and St. Philip, April 20th-24th, 1862; actively engaged
on Mississippi River, sharing in a number of captures; took
prominent part in Battle of Mobile Bay, Aug. Sth, 1864. Sold
in New York, November 30th, 1865.
"Juniata," sloop-of-war, 1240 tons. Commissioned Decem-
ber 4th, 1862; served with the North Atlantic Squadron,
cruising on coast, and taking a number of prizes; took part
in attacks on Fort Fisher, December 24th, 1864, and in Janu-
ary, 1865 ; cruised on coast of Brazil and west coast of Africa,
1866; out of commission, 1867-68. Sold, March 2Sth, 1891.
"Sciota," gunboat, 507 tons. Served with West Gulf Squad-
ron; took part in engagement with Forts Jackson and St.
Philip, April 24th, 1862; made the passage of Vicksburg
batteries, June 28th, 1862; engaged Ram "Arkansas" as she
passed the fleet; engaged batteries at Donaldsonville, October
4th, 1862; captured and destroyed a number of schooners in
the Rio Grande; sunk in a collision in Mississippi River with
*At the close of the war the United States navy had in service 51,500 seamen
and 7,500 officers. The total number killed during the war was 4,647 officers and
men. The value of the captures made by the navy was estimated for ships and
cargoes at $31,000,000. The sailors and marines enlisted from Pennsylvania during
the war numbered 14,307.
tWhile the English-built Confederate privateers, largely manned by British
crews, were capturing and burning American merchant ships, Philadelphia filled
205
"Antonia," July 14th, 1863; floated and repaired; co-operated with troops in Mata-
gorda Bay, December 29th, 1863 ; engaged batteries in St. Bernard River, February
8th and gth, 1864, capturing several schooners ; sunk by torpedo in Mobile Bay,
April 14th, 1865; raised and repaired. Sold at New York, October 2Sth, 1865.
"Shenandpah," sloop-of-war, 1375 tons. Served with North Atlantic Blockading
Squadron ; captured several blockade runners ; took part in attacks on Port Fisher,
December 24th, 1864, January 13-15, 1865 ; cruised in search of the Confederate
vessel "Florida," July, 1864; 1865, in South Atlantic Squadron; 1866-69, in Asiatic
Squadron; 1870-71, at Boston Navy Yard; 1872-73, on the European Station; 1874-
75, laid up in ordinary at New London ; 1876-77, laid up in ordinary at New York ;
T878-79, repairing at New York; 1880-82, flagship. South Atlantic Squadron; 1883,
repairing at Boston; 1884-86, on Pacific Station. Sold July 30th, 1887.
"Wissahickon," gunboat, 507 tons. Commissioned November 25th, 1861 ; served
with West Gulf and South Atlantic Blockading Squadrons ; on active duty in
Mississippi river, below Forts Jackson and St. Philip, passing forts with fleet,
April 24th, 1862; engaged batteries at Grand Gulf, June 8th to loth, 1862; passed
batteries at Vicksburg, June 28th, 1862; engaged Ram "Arkansas," July isth,
1862; engaged Genesis Point Battery, November 19th, 1862; engaged Fort Mc-
Allister, January 27th, 1863, and February ist, 1863 ; assisted in the destruction
of the Confederate Steamship "Nashville," February 28th, 1863; again attacked
Fort McAllister, March 3d, 1863 ; engaged batteries on Cumming's Point, July
1st, 1863; engaged Fort Morgan, July 12th, 1863, and Fort Sumter, August 17th
and i8th, 1863; took part in operations against Savannah, in December, 1864. Sold
at auction in New York, October 25th, 1^5.
"Miami," double-ender, 730 tons. Commissioned January 29th, 1862; took part
in operations against Forts Jackson and St. Philip, April, 1862; actively employed
in operations on Mississippi river in June and July, 1862; actively engaged with
North Atlantic Blockading Squadron in 1863, at Plymouth, N. C, and in the
Sounds of North Carolina, and engaged enemies' batteries in James river. Sold
at auction in Philadelphia, August loth, 1865.
"Monongahela," sloop-of-war, 1378 tons. Commissioned January 15th, 1863 ;
served with West Gulf and North Atlantic Squadrons; actively engaged with Ad-
miral Parragut's fleet at passage of Port Hudson, March I4th-isth and 20th, 1863;
was Farragut's flagship from May 23d to June 22d, 1863; active operations against
Port Hudson and Vicksburg, June 8th-23d, 1863; took part in Battle of Mobile
Bay, August Sth, 1864; rammed the Ram "Tennessee;" 1865, with West Gulf
Squadron and undergoing repairs; North Atlantic Squadron, 1866-67; carried by
tidal wave on St. Croix Island, November i8th, 1S67; repaired and placed in
service again; used as a training ship for midshipmen, and for several years as
a storeship ; while serving as station ship at Guatanamo Bay, Cuba, this ship was
totally destroyed by fire on the night of March 17th, 1908.
"Pontiac," double-ender. Put in commission July 7th, 1864; cruised in search
of Confederate Steamship "Florida;" took part in joint expedition in Broad river,
S. C, November 29th, 1864, and in operations against Savannah, December, 1864-
January, 1865. Sold October iSth, 1867.
"Wyalusing," double-ender. Commissioned February 8th, 1864; took active
part in action with Ram "Albemarle" and two steamers in Albemarle Sound, May
Sth, i864j running into and taking one of the steamers, the "Bombshell ;" took part
in bombardment and capture of Plymouth, N. C, October 30th, 1864; captured
several blockade runners. Sold at Philadelphia, October 15th, 1867.
a ship — ^the barque Achilles — with food to the value of $30,000 for the relief of
the starving operatives of British mills. New York City sent the ship George
Griswold with supplies to the same sufferers. Soon afterward this ship was cap-
tured by the privateer Georgia and bonded for $100,000.
THE NAVAL HOSPITAL AND HOME
THE Naval Home and Hospital, maintained at Philadelphia by
the United States Government, at Gray's Ferry avenue and
Bainbridge street, was established in 1826. It occupies ground
once the homestead of a noted Tory of the Revolution, James
Pemberton. For seven years, dating from 1838, the United States Naval
Academy was located here. The property was paid for by an assessment
of twenty cents per capita upon the sailors of the American Navy and
Merchant Marine. The beautiful grounds include twenty-five acres.
The main building, constructed in 1831, is of marble, three stories high
and three hundred and eighty feet long. It is flanked by the Governor's
and Surgeon's residences and a number of lesser structures. This at-
tractive "snug harbor" was crowded throughout the Civil War with
wounded, sick and retired officers and sailors from the war fleets of
the National Navy.
Fifty years after the opening of the Civil War veterans who fought
under Farragut, Porter, Du Pont and other great Admirals of that
period were still living at the Naval Home. The present average num-
ber of occupied rooms in the Naval Home is eighty-six.
THE REFRESHMENT SALOON MOVEMENT IN SOUTHWARK
WHEN, in the spring of 1861, the troops from New England,
New York State and New Jersey began to move southward,
the one available rail route brought them to Tacony or Camden,
N. J., from which steamboats conveyed them to the foot of
Washington avenue, Philadelphia, where trains of the Philadelphia, Wil-
mington and Baltimore Railroad awaited them. From the beginning of
this movement of hurrying soldiery, the patriotic families living in the
vicinity of the navy yard offered refreshments to the extent of their
limited abilities. The evident need of systematic handling of food and
coffee led Barzilai S. Brown, a grocer and fruit dealer, to act as a me-
dium of distribution, and this presently resulted in the lease of a small
boat-shop owned by James Grim, upon Swanson street, below Wash-
ington avenue, as a "free refreshment saloon for soldiers." This was
at first referred to as "Brown's," being so called in letters written to their
home newspapers by some grateful volunteers. The enterprise was or-
206
207
ganized, however, upon May 27th, 1861, as the "Union Volunteer Re-
freshment Saloon," and under that title was maintained until December
1st, 1865.
The Committee was composed of the following persons:
Arad Barrows, Chairman; J. B. Wade, Secretary; B. S. Brown, Treasurer;
J. T. Williams, Steward; Dr. E. Ward, Surgeon; Isaac B. Smith, Sr., Erasmus
W. Cooper, John W. Hicks, George Flomerfelt, John Krider, Sr., Isaac B. Smith,
Jr., Charles B. Grieves, James McGlathery, John B. Smith, D. L. Flanagan,
Chris. Powell, Capt. W. S. Mason, Curtis Myers, Chas. M. Clampitt, Richard
Sharp, James Carroll, Robert R. Corson, Samuel B. Pales, John T. Wilson,
Charles N. Young, John Savery, L. M. J. Lemmens, Chas. H. Kingston, Mrs.
Mary Grover, Mrs. Hannah P. Smith, Mrs. Priscilla Grover, Mrs. Margaret
Boyer, Mrs. Eliza J. Smith, Mrs. Mary A. Cassedy, Mrs. Elizabeth Horton,
Miss Annie B. Grover, Miss Mary D. Grover, Mrs. Helen B. Barrows, Mrs.
Mary L. Field, Mrs. Annie A. Elkinton, Mrs. Martha V. R, Ward, Mrs. Eliza
A. Helmbold, Mrs. Mary Green, Mrs. Emily Mason, Miss Martha B. Krider,
Mrs. Mary Davis Wade, Miss Sarah L. Holland, Miss Amanda M. Lee, Mjss
Catharine Baily, Miss Annie L. Field, Mrs. Eleanor J. Lowry, Mrs. Sarah J.
Flemington, Mrs. Kate B. Anderson, Mrs. Eliza G. Plummer, Mrs. Hannah F.
Baily, Mrs. Mary Lee.
Buildings were gradually added, as funds permitted, until full regi-
ments were promptly provided with washing facilities and bountiful
meals at the hands of the) hospitable men, women and maids of old
Southwark. The meals usually served consisted of beef, ham, bread
and butter, sweet and white potatoes, pickles, tea and coffee and some-
times cake or pie. Seven barrels of coffee and 15,000 cooked rations
were often made in one day. The hungry soldiers of well-filled regi-
ments from the northeastern states had a way of swarming from the
transfer boats at Washington street wharf at most inconvenient hours,
but the good people of Southwark were always ready for them. The
Second Maine Infantry, for instance, arrived at one o'clock upon the
morning of May 31st, and found the hot coffee, beef and bread all ready
for them, much to their surprise and delight, as had the 8th and 9th
New York Regiments and Garibaldi Legion, which had preceded them.
Facilities were provided in the shape of writing paper and envelopes,
enabling soldiers to write home. All letters were stamped, free of cost
to the writers, and mailed by their entertainers. Some of these old
envelopes bear the "frank" of Congressman Leonard Myers. The grati-
tude of volunteers for the splendid treatment thus given them was ex-
pressed in thousands of these hurried missives, many of which were
printed in distant newspapers, and the fame of patriotic Philadelphia
soon spread all over the East. In September, 1861, the needs of sick
and wounded soldiers left by their commands, many of them being cared
for in private homes, led to the establishment of a small hospital upon
the east side of Swanson street, close to the north wall of the navy
yard. This modest hospital was placed by the Committee in charge of
Dr. Elias Ward. It contained, at first, but fifteen beds, and was the
208
first military hospital opened in the city. Later, more roomy quarters wer
occupied upon the opposite or west side of Swanson street. Dr. War
continued at the post of duty throughout the war, and it was due to hi
efforts that this hospital, which ministered to thousands of sick an
wounded soldiers, was recognized as a regular Government establishmen
He was also actively interested with others in the purchase of a buric
lot for such soldiers as died here and were not claimed by relatives.
A "Soldiers' Guide," published by Robert R. Corson, State Militar
Agent, was distributed freely by the Committee of the Union Voluntee
Refreshment Saloon. In contained local addresses of army officials o
the several departments, places of interest, railroad stations and time
tables and similar information.
Out upon Washington avenue, at the foot of a lofty flagstaff a sma
cannon was placed, covered when not in use, by a box embellishe
with patriotic devices. When a troop train left Jersey City a telegrar
was sent to the "Union" and the gun was fired to notify the house
wives, often busy at their own domestic cooking, to hurry to the bi
sheds and make ready. It was the business of the small boys, full o
the ardor of the time, to watch up river for the coming of the boat;
When they were seen, thronging with hungry men, every youngste
rushed headlong up the tracks and the second gun was fired. Thi
lusty little cannon was credited by contemporary newspapers with
remarkable record. Cast at the Springfield Armory, it went with th
American Army to Mexico, was captured by the Mexicans at Ver
Cruz, remounted at the ancient fortress , of San Juan d'Ulloa, recap
tured from a Mexican gunboat, sent to Philadelphia, sunk upon the re
ceiving ship Union in the Delaware River, recovered and placed amon
the curios of the navy yard. When the war began it was used for th
defence of the railroad bridge at Perryville, and was finally loaned t
the Committee of the Union Volunteer Refreshment Saloon. It wa
popularly dubbed, at this period of its service, "Fort Brown." It wa
the first, it is claimed, to thunder out the news of the surrender of Ger
Lee, upon the night of April 9th, 1865. It is now preserved amon
the priceless trophies of Capt. Philip R. Schuyler Post, No. 51, G. A. R
in this city.
Fort Brown "
o
w
o
l-l
<n
m
t
209
The first of the despatches from the approaching commands came
upon the morning of May 27th, 1861, followed, in due time, by the 8th
New York Volunteer Infantry, Col. Blencker's sturdy German command,
and the next day, along with the 2d and 9th New Yorkers, the stunning
Garibaldi Regiment came, eleven hundred strong, clad in their picturesque
Italian uniforms. Close behind them were the heavy, grim regiments of
Maine, contrasting with Col. Cameron's 79th New York Highlanders,
more than a thousand of them, their kilted legs swinging to the drone of
bag-pipes. Those were gloriously inspiring days down in old Southwark,
and there was plenty of work in the old navy yard and outside among the
soldiers to help in saving the nation. All through June and July the troops
poured through the city, infantry, cavalry and artillery, hussars, zouaves
and voltigeurs; whole brigades of less showy but quite as resolute regi-
ments in the plain blue of the citizen volunteers. In July the "Union" fed
22,000 men, but that was light work compared with later records. The
newspapers at first printed glowing columns in description of favorite
regiments, but as time wore along the eye and mind tired of the con-
stant pageant. Through the hot summer days and nights the men and
women in the kitchens and dining sheds of the "Union," many of them
of advanced age, assisted by their aides, worked unceasingly. At this
time the three-months' regiments were returning, adding greatly to the
almost daily demands upon the Committee and its workers.
In the first eighteen months of its operation the "Union" supplied
meals to two hundred and twenty-four regiments, having an average
of nine hundred men each.
In February, 1863, a large building was added to the "Union" es-
tablishment, thus increasing the dining facilities and providing hospital
space upon the second floor. The work and materials for this structure
were nearly all contributed by a large number of business concerns
and individuals.
In the autumn of 1863 the captured Confederate Ram Atlanta
was loaned to the Union Committee and exhibited to the public at the
foot of Washington avenue, the admission charge adding greatly to the
funds of the saloon.*
It is not generally recorded in the many eulogies of the work per-
formed at the "Union," that at various times its Committee sent cloth-
ing, food and hospital supplies to soldiers in distant parts of the country.
For instance, ten large packing boxes were filled and shipped to sick and
wounded men at Rolla, Missouri, and supplies were forwarded to Anna-
*The Ram Atlanta was converted into an ironclad from an English blockade
runner named the Fingal. This work was done at Savannah at a reported cost of
$1,500,000, the money, it was stated at the time, having been derived from the sale
of jewelry by Southern ladies. The Atlanta was captured in fifteen minutes, witli
but five shots, by the U. S. Monitor Weehawken. in tiie Savannah River, upon June
17th, 1863. This craft was afterward repaired at the navy yard and sent out in
the following February as a war ship of the United States.
M
2IO
polis, Maryland, for the relief of destitute and sufiEering soldiers ex-
changed from Belle Isle, Richmond.*
Religious services were usually held on Sunday afternoons at the
refreshment saloons, being attended by large numbers of citizens and
soldiers. Music was provided by regimental bands and by the choirs
from downtown churches.
Perhaps the most trying period of the war to citizens generally
was that immediately preceding the battle of Gettysburg. Under the
stress of great anxiety the ladies of the "Union" addressed the soldiers
who had returned to their homes all over the East in the following words :
"The ladies of the Union Volunteer Refreshment Committee, on many a
wintry night, when they have waited to welcome, with kind words, the nation's
defenders, and to serve food to revive their weary frames, have been repaid
for their labor by the grateful thanks and 'God bless you !' of the noble patriots,
and these soldiers have, without exception, exclaimed, 'If ever Philadelphia needs
defenders she will find them in the men whom their kindness has succored!'
Ever have the ladies replied, 'If the hour of danger ever threatens we will remem-
ber your promise.' Soldiers, that hour has come. Shall they not find you to
have forgotten? Shall they welcome you again to our city as the defenders of
their homes and fire-sides, or shall they wait in vain?"
One of the first of the regiments to whom this appeal was made to
come to the defence was the famous New York "Seventh." With the
retreat of Gen. Lee's shattered army from Pennsylvania soil after the
battle of Gettysburg, the danger was soon forgotten in the care of the
thousands of the wounded brought to the city from that scene of carnage.
The "Cooper Shop."
The Cooper Shop Volunteer Refreshment Saloon was established
upon May 26th, 1861, its projectors having taken for the purpose build-
ings upon Otsego street, south of Washington avenue, previously used
as a cooperage by the firm of Cooper & Pearce. Emulating its neighbor,
the "Union," its Committee was actively engaged from the date of its
opening in the patriotic work of the time as it came, day by day, to their
hands. The stirring scenes witnessed at the one saloon were equally
experienced at the other.
Those active in this enterprise were:
William M. Cooper, H. W. Pearce, A. M. Simpson, W. R. S. Cooper, Jacob
Plant, Walter R. Mellon, A. S. Simpson, C. V. Fort, William Morrison, Samuel
W. Nickels, Philip Fitzpatrick, T. H. Rice, William M. Maull, R. H. Ransley,
L. B. M. Dolby, William H. Dennis, L. W. Thornton, T. L. Coward, C. L.
Wilson, R. G. Simpson, Isaac Plant, James Toomey, H. H. Webb, William Sprowle,
Henry Dubosq, G. R. Birch, Christopher Jacoby, James Tosing, E. S. Cooper,
Joseph Coward, J. T. Packer, Dr. A. Nebinger, R. Nebinger, Capt. A. H. Cain,
*In 1862 much-prized certificates were given to children for picking lint. So
great was the zeal of the boys and girls in the schools that the Secretary of
the United States Sanitary Commission sent out word late in the year that
no more lint could be accepted.
211
Capt. R. H. Hoffner, Joseph E. Sass, E. J. Herrity, Rev. Joseph Perry, Mrs.
William M. Cooper, Mrs. Sarah Ewing, Mrs. Catharine Vansdale, Mrs. Susan
Turner, Miss Catharine Alexander, Mrs. Grace Nickels, Mrs. Elizabeth Vansdale,
Mrs. Jane Coward, Mrs. Sarah Mellon, Mrs. Mary Plant, Mrs. Capt. Thos.
Watson, Mrs. E. Deaney, Mrs. M. Haines, Miss C. T. Cooper, Miss E. Whetstone,
Mrs. Louise P. TurnbuU.
The Cooper Shop Hospital was in charge of Dr. Andrew Nebinger,
who with his volunteer staff continued in service throughout the war,
ministering to the thousands of sick and wounded brought here in that
trying period.
From the funds available the Committee purchased a burial lot
at Mt. Moriah Cemetery. In its report of May loth, 1864, are found
the names of a General Committee of citizens, which includes many
patriotic persons not specified in the above list of the managers.
The two saloons were in constant receipt of large quantities of sup-
plies, coming not only from merchants and other individuals but from
special relief organizations formed for the purpose in the surrounding
counties of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. In the later years of the
war successful fairs were held in the refreshment buildings in order
to raise money.
Among those who came hungry and departed satisfied were 15,000
Southern refugees and freedmen and not a few Confederate prisoners.
There is a touch of grim humor in an announcement printed in the
"Fair Record" issued by the managers of the "Union" in which the
public is informed that visitors to the fair (then in progress) would
see some of the large numbers of Confederates from Vicksburg, then
being guarded through the city en route to Fort Delaware. These un-
fortunates were, however, well fed upon reaching the ever-bountiful
refreshment saloons.
Among the great and constant inflow of contributed supplies for
the refreshment saloons were large numbers of Bibles, prayer books
and tracts from the Presbyterian Board of Publication and daily papers
from the several newspaper offices of the city.
Near the close of the war Messrs. William Welsh, Frederick Fraley
and J. G. Rosengarten constituted the active committee of an organiza-
tion entitled "An Association to Procure Employment for Rebel De-
serters who have taken the Oath of Allegiance to the United States."
For this purpose the sum of $2,875.00 was raised.
Green meal tickets to be presented at the Union Volunteer Refresh-
ment Saloon were issued to many of these refugees, but the larger part
of the fund was finally turned over to the latter institution.
There was rivalry between the two refreshment saloons, but it
was the kindly competition of devoted men and women actuated by the
highest of motives. The stories of the two are inseparable. Neither
sought nor had Government, State or City aid; each had its hospital
annex; each endured to the end of the war. The money outlay of
212
the "Union" amounted to about $100,000, and that of the "Cooper Shop"
wa^ about $70,000. The "Union" fed nearly 900,000 soldiers; the
"Cooper Shop" provided meals for 400,000 men. Not less than 20,000
soldiers were cared for in the two hospitals.
Of the ladies who served faithfully several died during the war,
and others never recovered from the exhaustion incident to the work.
With impressive ceremonies at the Academy of Music the two
refreshment saloons were closed upon August 28th, 1865, but it is stated
by Mr. Samuel B. Fales that the latter institution was reopened and
supplied meals to some 30,000 more returning soldiers before finally
endinsf its splendid work upon the following ist of December.
Thirty-five years after the close of the war, during the memorable
33d Annual National Encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic,
in Philadelphia, thirty survivors of the Refreshment Saloon workers
were the honored guests of the Executive Committee. But few of them
now remain to rehearse the oft-told story of how Philadelphia fed the
soldiers of the Union.
A Soldier Boy's Letter.
Washington, June i, x86j.
"Dear Parents: — I will endeavor to give you a faint description
of our reception in Philadelphia, but I know that my pen cannot half
do justice to the subject, but I do know that the remembrance of it
will live in the hearts of our brave artillery boys as long as they are
able to train a gun or draw a sword in the defence of their country.
As soon as we reached the city we marched to the dining saloon,
about ten or fifteen rods from the ferry. As soon as we got there we
entered the wash-room, a room large enough to accommodate sixty or
seventy men to wash at a time. Then we were marched into a splendid
hall, with room enough to feed five hundred men at a time. There
were gentlemen to wait on us, and they would come around and ask
if we had plenty and urge us to eat more. We had nice white bread,
beautiful butter, cold boiled ham, cheese, coffee, with plenty of milk
and sugar. After we had eaten our fill, which was considerable, for
we had eaten nothing since morning, we returned to the streets. Our
knapsacks on the sidewalk were left without a guard, but they were
almost covered with little children who were watching to see that no
one disturbed them. One little fellow found a tin canister and he was
hunting around from rank to rank until he found the owner. We were
allowed a little time to rest, during which little girls in white went
all around through the ranks giving the men flowers and saying kind
things to them. It seemed that the people could not do us enough
honor. One little girl, about ten years old, came up to me and gave me
a half-blown rose, and stayed and talked with me until we started.
213
and then she put her little face up for a kiss with as much confidence
as she would to a brother. I never saw so many handsome girls in my
life. We had nearly a mile and a half to march, and of all the sights
I ever saw, that march beats them all. The sidewalk on each side was
lined with old men and matrons, young men and maidens, girls and
boys, and every one was trying to see who could shake the most soldiers
by the hand. It was the very best class of people who were out to meet
us. In some places the streets were completely blocked with them. It
was like so many people bidding good-bye to their own sons and brothers,
Anyone who thinks there is any lack of support for the war has only
to march through Philadelphia.
(Signed) FOSTER,
Company B."
THE COOPER SHOP SOLDIERS HOME AND THE SOLDIERS
HOME IN THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA
THROUGHOUT the war Philadelphia was constantly thronged
with soldiers who had been discharged from the army, many
of them destitute and helpless. This condition became more
serious as the struggle of the Union was prolonged. Soldiers
from other States were often the victims of robbery and violence. It was
to remedy, in some degree, this evil that the Cooper Shop Volunteer Re-
freshment Committee established a retreat at Race and Crown streets,
called the "Cooper Shop Soldiers Home." This was opened upon Decem-
ber 22d, 1863. The buildings occupied had formerly been used as a Gov-
ernment hospital, and were the property of the city. The principal
structure was the old Pennington residence. The beneficiaries of this
home were "soldiers and sailors who had been honorably discharged."
This is said to have been the first institution of its kind established in
the United States.
Board of Officers.
President, Dr. Ellerslie Wallace; Vice-President, Wm. M. Cooper; Treasurer,
Wm. Struthers; Secretaries, E. S. Hall and George R. Birch.
Managers — Robert P. King, Dr. Andrew Nebinger, H. W. Pearce, H. R.
Warriner, Thos. H. Rice, Caleb Cope, John F. Lewis, Philip Fitzpatrick, William
M. MauU, R. H. Ransley.
♦This boyish message home was written by Foster Dealing, of the loth
New York Heavy Artillery. It was printed in the Jefferson County News (N. Y.),
in June, 1863. The writer was living when this book was published.
214
Lady Managers— Mrs. M. C. Grier, President; Miss Anna M. RosSj* Vice-
President ; Mrs. Wm. Struthers, Mrs. J. Horner, Mrs. R. P. King, Mrs. C. Gibbons,
Mrs. J. W. Paul, Mrs. H. Brooks, Mrs. T. H. Powers, Mrs. E. A. Souder,
Mrs. W. S. Boyd, Mrs. W. D. Bispham, Mrs. J. Floyd, Mis. D. Haddock, Mrs.
H. Davids, Mrs. Dr. Wallace, Mrs. J. Eckel, Mrs. C. S. Rutter, Mrs. E. S.
Hall, Mrs. Dr. Knorr, Mrs. B. H. Moore, Mrs. Dr. Spooner, Mrs. T. Budd,
Mrs. W. Gillespie, Miss E. Emslie.
"The Soldiers Home in the City of Philadelphia" was incorporated
upon April 9th, 1864. This charter resulted in the merger of two "Sol-
diers' Home" movements.
In furtherance of the purpose by the incorporators to establish the
"Home" upon a permanent basis, a great fair was held at the Academy
of Music, opening October 23d, 1865. This resulted in a profit of
$107,166.00. Many public and private donations considerably increased
this amount.
In the spring of 1866 the managers secured from the Legislature
the large new State Arsenal building at the southeast comer of Sixteenth
and Filbert streets for their purposes. This structure had been used
by the Government as a convalescents' hospital. It was three floors
high and built of pressed brick. In 1866 the soldier occupants num-
bered an average of about two hundred. A school for the instruction
of maimed inmates in avocational education and a hospital were the lead-
ing features, t
The Soldiers Home continued at this site until June nth, 1872.
Following the closing of the Soldiers Home the Board of Managers
turned its attention to the care of soldiers' sons. A house at 3947 Market
street was taken for this purpose. Upon December 22d, 1873, this es-
tablishment was closed and the thirty-five inmates were transferred to the
Educational Home for Boys, together with the sum of $36,000 for their
maintenance and education covering a period of ten years, the beneficiaries
being placed in care of the Lincoln Institution upon arriving at the age
of twelve years. A number of girls were also provided for through
an arrangement with the West Philadelphia Home, at Forty-first and
Baring streets. Upon May 12th, 1884, the managers of the Soldiers
Home dedicated a Soldiers Monument at Mount Moriah Cemetery, upon
the lot owned by the Association, which contains the graves of sixty
soldiers. The corporation was finally dissolved in 1886. The funds
*The death of the devoted virorker for the creation of this Home, Miss
Anna M. Ross, due to her unremitting efforts at the Refreshment Saloon, is
still a sad memory with the few survivors among her associates. Post 94,
G. A. R., Department of Pennsylvania, bears the name of this martyr to duty,
and a city park in the Forty-third Ward also perpetuates her memory. Her grave
is in Monuinent Cemetery.
fAmong the humbler occupations adopted by the returned soldiers after the
close of the war was that of messengers. The men employed by the "Soldiers'
City Messenger Company" wore red military caps. The charge was one cent per
block.
and burial lot were transferred to the Pennsylvania Commandery of the
Loyal Legion July 2d, 1889.
Soldiers Home, Southeast Corner Sixteenth and Filbert Streets.
Board of Officers.
President— Ellerslie Wallace, M. D.;* Vice-President— Andrew Nebinger,
M. D. ; Recording Secretary and Treasurer— E. S. Hall ; Corresponding Secretary—
H. R. Warriner.
Managers— Wm. Struthers, Robert P. King, John R. Baker, James C. Hand,
Daniel Haddock, Jr., Jas. G. Hardie, H. C. Howell, George Trott, A. H.
Franciscus, C. L. Desauque, W. H. Kern, E. C. Knight, R. H. Ransley, E. A.
Souder, S. S. White, Charles J. Stille, Henry D. Moore, E. Tracy, Jos. Jeanes,
Robert M. Lewis.
Surgeon— J. A. McArthur, M. D.; Assistant Surgeon— Walter W. Wilson;
Steward— Capt. S. V. Odekirk; Matron— Mrs. Catharine Sprigman.
Board of Lady Visitors.
President— Mrs. Daniel Haddock, Jr.; Vice-President— Mrs. Robert P. King;
Treasurer— Mrs. James C. Hand; Recording Secretary— Mrs. H. C. Townsend;
Corresponding Secretary— Miss E. P. Eakin; Mrs. Jno. Carrow, Mrs. M. M.
Hallowell, Mrs. R. G. Chase, Mrs. R. R. Corson, Mrs. W. Allison, Mrs. T.
McCaulay, Miss E. Elmslie, Miss M. Hardie, Miss R. Wetherill, Mrs. Jas. G.
Hardie, Mrs. Chas.- S. Ogden, Mrs. EUiston Perot, Mrs. S. P. Godwin, Mrs.
J. Haseltine, Mrs. T. M. Perot, Mrs. E. S. Field, Mrs. A. E. Jones, Mrs.
M. Kelley, Miss A. M. Peters.
BEFORE ANTIETAM
WITH the departure of the new regiments, which had been in
camp at the beginning of September, 1862, the city lost much
of its martial stir, but recruiting, in order to fill the quota,
continued active. Several regiments were still in a formative
condition. On September 8th twenty-four large Sibley tents were placed
in Independence Square, extending from the rear entrance of the sacred
"Cradle of Liberty" along either side of the walk to Walnut street. That
*From Report of the Managers, Soldiers' Home, Sixteenth and Filbert
streets, Philadelphia, 1867. P. (3).
2l6
evening the scene presented was one never to be forgotten. Myriad
lights were festooned from the beautiful old trees and among the tents.
Birgfeld's famous band rendered inspiring patriotic music, but far louder
was the roar of the drums calling for recruits. Crowds surged through
this exciting, tumultuous "Midway of War" and in every tent officers
were busy writing down the names of volunteers. Old men and young,
inspired by the impending need of defence, hurried to enroll. Within
three days 295 recruits were enlisted at this Camp Independence, 251
of them going to regiments already in the field. Never since the read-
ing of the "Declaration" had these hallowed acres witnessed such a
wonderful scene.
From day to day the crowds hung about the bulletin boards. From
the fields of Cedar Mountain, Kelly's Ford, Bristoe, the second Bull Run
and Chantilly the guns of the determined enemy were roaring north-
ward, McClellan's brigades disputing the pathway, but in vain. On the
nth of September Governor Curtin telegraphed to Mayor Henry: "Stir
up your population to-night, form them into companies, send us 20,000
to-morrow."* The call of the War Mayor of Philadelphia was instant.
He summoned the whole citizenship to rally at the precincts of the
twenty-five wards, and act for the defence of the State and city. The
editorials of morning papers added to the overwhelming excitement. The
1 2th brought a furious drenching storm, but everywhere were little
groups of those who had responded, ready and willing, but lacking in
leadership. It was stated that comparatively few of those thus gathered
actually left the city. In the workshops better progress was made. At
Baldwin's, the alarm bell rang at nine o'clock A. M., and within an hour
two companies were marching to Independence Hall, the men carrying
their dinner pails. At the Whitney Car Works, at the establishments
of Bement & Dougherty, Mallack & Co., Furbish & Gates and Moore &
Co. companies were quickly gathered. A fully equipped company re-
ported from the works of William Sellers & Co. Employers generally
agreed to continue the wages of their men during their absence in the
field.
Companies and squads gathered, from the outlying districts and
from the centers of banking, around the depot of the Pennsylvania Rail-
road Company, some in uniforms and some in overalls, some armed and
others empty-handed, some sworn to service in due form, but others
free of this formality, and so the trains were filled and sent speeding
to help the Government in the saving of the capital city, and while this
outpouring still progressed and the city sat sleepless, the bulletins pro-
claimed the battles of South Mountain and Antietam. Records showed
that in seventeen months the old local militia had furnished more than
2,000 men, enlisted for three years, and nearly 400 officers. A new
*An enrollment of the City of Philadelphia made on September 14th, 1862,
showed a total of 106,806 persons liable to military duty, including 29,194 already
in the army service and 1,744 sailors and marines. Scharflf and Westcott, Vol. I.
OFFICES OF JAY COOKE & CO., adjoining the Girard Bank.
UNITED STATES MINT.
*■ THE NEW POST OFFICE. z. BANK OF PENNSYLVANIA.
Both used as barracks and headquarters of the Provost.
217
militia had been created, and this body stood ready to respond at any
time to the call of the Governor of the Commonwealth, for service
within the State or beyond the borders. The authority of the Governor
to call upon these troops was based upon the following provisions of the
State military law:
"Section i. — The militia of this Commonwealth may be called into service by
the Governor thereof in case of a rebellion or an actual or threatened invasion of
this or any neighboring State, but no part thereof shall be detained in service at any
time longer than three months, under the mere requisition of the Governor, with-
out the direction of the President of the United States.
"Section 2. — Whenever any 'part of the militia of the Commonwealth shall
be required for the public service by the President of the United States, if no
particular description of troops shall have been required, the Governor shall
detach the number of men demanded in such proportions of the several descrip-
tions as he may think proper."
Major-Gen. A. J. Pleasonton telegraphed to Governor Curtin, in
response to his urgent call for troops to defend the State borders, offer-
ing 5,000 men of the Home Guard organization. Considerable con-
fusion resulted from the announcement from Harrisburg that troops
would be accepted by companies only, these to be formed into regiments
and brigades after reporting at the State Capital.
Through the active efforts of the Committee on City Defence 23
companies, numbering nearly 2,000 men, were sent to Harrisburg within
forty-eight hours, and within seventy-two hours 4,000 men had been
sent. The ist Regiment (Gray Reserves) and 2d Regiment (Blue Re-
serves) reached Harrisburg on the 15th and were sent on to Chambers-
burg. The hastily formed companies, largely composed of working men,
were furnished with overcoats and other items of equipment from the
supply in the hands of the Committee of Defence.
From the nearly two hundred and fifty companies gathered at Har-
risburg from every part of the State a number of provisional regiments
were hastily formed. The Gray Reserves became the "7th Regiment;"
the second Blue Reserves became the "8th Regiment," the Philadelphia
companies of Captains Birney, Anderson, Binder, Price, Kemouth, Lever-
ing, Johns, Keen, Corrie, Horn and Heisler were formed as the "9th
Regiment." Those of Captains Smith, James, Marshall, Hartranft,
Steele and Taylor became part of the "20th Regiment." The companies
of Captains Rockafellow, Flynn, Murphy and Claghorn were attached
to the "21st Regiment." As rapidly as these organizations were perfected
the troops were pushed southward to, and in many cases beyond, the
southern boundary of the State.* A large number of companies were yet
to be grouped into regiments when the occasion for their services
passed, and within a few days nearly all of the militia organizations and
emergency volunteers were returned to their homes. The number of
*In a subsequent report Governor Curtin estimated that he had 15,000 men at
Harrisburg and Boonsboro, 10,000 at Greencastle and 25,000 more on the way.
2l8
men who went from Philadelphia to Harrisburg in response to the call
of the Governor was placed by the newspapers at 6,197. To this enumer-
ation should be added the 3d Regiment, Reserve Corps (militia) under
Col. C. M. Eakin (five companies), which had been sent to Camp Brandy-
wine, DuPont powder works, Delaware. This brief, but instructive, ex-
perience illustrated the inadequacy of the military machinery of the State.
It also stirred up the city fathers. On September 12th, despite the pro-
tests of an opposition element, Councils had conferred upon the Mayor
extraordinary powers and had voted the sum of $50o,ocx5 for the further
equipment of local soldiery. Companies were then forming in all sections
of the city, but these were not called upon for service at that time.*
PHILADELPHIA TROOPS, PENNSYLVANIA EMERGENCY
MILITIA OF 1862
SEVENTH REGIMENT, INFANTRY.
CoiONEL Napoi,eon B. Kneass.
1,100 Officers and Men.
Formed September 12th — isth, 1862, from the ist Regiment, Reserve Bri-
gade, First Division, Pennsylvania Militia, ist Regiment (Gray Reserves.) Dis-
charged September 26th, 1862. (Company L was a Light Battery commanded
by Captain Isaac Starr, Jr.)t
EIGHTH REGIMENT, INFANTRY.
CoLONEi, Alfred Day.
800 Officers and Men.
Formed September 12th, 1862, from the 4th Regiment, Reserve Brigade,
First Division, Philadelphia Militia. (Second Blue Reserves.) Discharged Sep-
tember 26th, 1862.
NINTH REGIMENT, INFANTRY.
CoLONEii John Newkumet.
650 Officers and Men.
Organized September 12th, 1862. Discharged September 26th, 1862.
*0n September 2Sth, 1912, a semi-centennial celebration was held at Altoona,
Pa., to commemorate the conference there of the War Governors of the loyal
States, upon invitation of Governor Andrew G. Curtin, for the purpose of sus-
taining President Lincoln with money and troops.
tStarr's Battery was recruited upon the old "Union Artillery." It became
Frishmuth's Battery in 1863.
219
TWENTIETH REGIMENT, INFANTRY.
CoLONEi, William B. Thomas.
650 Officers and Men.
Formed the 3d Regiment, Home Guard Brigade, September i8th, 1862.
Philadelphia Companies A, B, C, D, E, F and K. Discharged September 27th-30th,
1862.*
TWENTY-FIRST REGIMENT, INFANTRY.
Colonel Alexander Murphy.
400 Officers and Men.
Philadelphia Companies, A, B, C, F and G, formed September 12th to isth,
1862. Company A was formed by the Washington Grays. Discharged Septem-
ber 24th to 30th, 1862.
TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, INFANTRY.
Colonel Constant M. Eakin.
300 Officers and Men.
Formed from the 2nd Regiment, Reserve Brigade, First Division, Pennsylvania
Militia (First Blue Reserves), September 15th, 1862. On duty at the DuPont
Powder Works, Wilmington, Del. Discharged September 30th to October 1st,
1862.
BATTALION, INFANTRY.
Major Jeremiah W. Fritz.
Formed from the 2nd Regiment, Reserve Brigade, First Division, Pennsylvania
Militia (First Regiment Blue Reserves), September nth, 1862. Discharged Sep-
tember 22d, 1862.
INDEPENDENT BATTALION, BALDWIN LIGHT INFANTRY.
Company A, Captain Robert S. Patton.
Company B, Captain Charles Stuart.
Company C, Captain Oliver B. Wilson.
Organized September 12th, 1862. Discharged September 22d, 1862.
INDEPENDENT COMPANY, INFANTRY.
Captain Aquila Haines.
so Officers and Men.
Organized September nth, 1862. Discharged September 22d, 1862.
INDEPENDENT COMPANY, INFANTRY.
Captain John L. Wilson.
70 Officers and Men.
Organized September isth, 1862. Discharged September 23d, 1862.
*In a collision upon the Cumberland Valley Railroad the 20th Regiment lost
four men killed and thirty injured.
220
INDEPENDENT COMPANY, LIGHT ARTILLERY.
Captain Archibald McI. Robertson.
go Oflficers and Men.
Formed from Company B, ist Regiment Artillery, Home Guard Brigade,
September nth, 1862. Discharged September 2Sth, 1862.
INDEPENDENT BATTERY, LIGHT ARTILLERY.
Captain E. Spbncer Miher.
8s Officers and Men.
Formed from Company D, ist Regiment Artillery, Home Guard Brigade,
September 13th, 1862. Discharged September 24th, 1862.
INDEPENDENT BATTERY, LIGHT ARTILLERY.
Captain Henry D. Landis.
100 Officers and Men.
Formed from Company A, ist Regiment Artillery, Home Guard Brigade,
September 15th, 1862. Discharged September 26th, 1862.
THE CIVIL WAR FINANCED IN PHILADELPHIA
FROM the days of the American Revolution, when Robert Morris
gave his private means and the prestige of his business reputation
to Washington, our wars have been financed in Philadelphia. The
money to pay the cost of the War of 1812-14 was largely raised by
Stephen Girard, and that for the War with Mexico was gathered together
by E. W. Clark & Co.
When the long-feared Civil War became a reality the National debt
(April, i86r) amounted to about $64,000,000. At its close (August
31st, 1865) it had reached the enormous sum of $2,846,021,742.04, the
Nation's creditors being, chiefly, the millions of patriotic citizens, rich and
poor alike, who held the Federal bonds, the greater portion of which
had been sold to them by the house of Jay Cooke & Co. This establish-
ment had been formed January ist, 1861, by the partnership of Jay
Cooke and his brother-in-law, William G. Moorhead, and occupied modest
quarters upon the west side of Third Street, adjoining, upon the north,
the dignified Girard Bank.
Jay Cooke, born of New England parents, was a native of Sandusky,
Ohio, and came to Philadelphia in his seventeenth year upon the promise
of Mr. Moorhead of a clerkship in the office of the Washington Packet
Company, of which Mr. Moorhead was an officer. A year later young
221
Cooke entered the service of the bankers E. W. Clark &. Co. eventually
becoming a junior partner.
When the financiers of the North were called upon to support the
Government in its costly task of the National salvation, Jay Cooke &
Co. were hardly known, even locally, but Mr. Cooke, perhaps bearing
in mind the experience gained under E. W. Clark & Co. in war finance,
greatly desired to obtain some part of the Government's patronage.
In this the young firm was somewhat aided through the friendly rela-
tions of his brother Henry, an Ohio journalist, with the family of the
Secretary of the Treasury Chase.
At that period the banking capital of Philadelphia was $11,000,000,
of Boston $30,000,000 and of New York $66,000,000. Of the first
national bond issue amounting to $50,000,000 but $5,000,000 was allotted
to the Philadelphia banks, and of this sum Jay Cooke & Co. got but
$300,000. This relatively small portion was promptly sold and accounted
for. The dominant attitude of the New York financiers was, at that
time, that of a group of hard-headed magnates bent upon getting all
possible out of a severely-pressed applicant for money. When the issue
was disposed of the bankers met the President and his Cabinet at a
ditmer in Washington and the New York coterie told them plainly
that the Government must get along with the sum thus realized as
more help could not be promised. The attitude of the Philadelphia
bankers was more patriotic. At Washington and in Philadelphia Secre-
tary Chase frequently conferred with Mr. Cooke and recognized in
him a sound and capable ally. Later, in the course of the war, when
offered the position of Assistant Secretary of War, Mr. Cooke wisely
decided to stand by his business and push the sale of the bonds.*
News of the defeat of the Union army at Bull Run reached the city
upK>n the arrival from the front of an Inquirer correspondent upon the
morning of July 22d, 1861. The excitement and dismay pervading the
community, as the story spread, were beyond description. Upon his
own initiative Jay Cooke carried a subscription paper around the financial
district and, before night had secured the pledges of thirty banks, insur-
ance companies, firms and individuals, offering a loan of $1,737,500.00 to
the Government for sixty days at the rate of six per cent interest.
Upon May 15th, 1861, the Pennsylvania Legislature voted the sum
of $3,000,000 for the purpose of equipping the regiments of the State
Reserve Corps then forming. Cooke & Co. sold these bonds at par, a
feat which further attracted the notice of Secretary Chase, who appointed
the firm, upon September 4th, 1861, financial agents for the Government.
Upon the following day the bonds were placed upon sale and the office
of Cooke & Co. was thronged with crowds of large and small investers,
who in a short time absorbed one-fourth of the entire issue.
*From April isth to May 31st, 1861, the subscriptions to military funds by
citizens of the loyal States averaged $1,000,000 per diem.
222
Jay Cooke personally became subscription agent for the National
loan upon March 7th, 1862, this at once giving a vastly enlarged field
for the exercise of his remarkable talent and industry. A bond of
$1,000,000 was required by the United States Treasurer and this was,
with some difficulty, furnished. In 1861 the masses were relatively poor,
the per capita share of the entire money circulation of the country was
but $14.00. Gold and silver was becoming scarce, the country was
flooded with counterfeits of State bank currency. Every business man
kept a "detector" at hand and constantly studied its pages. Retail
trade, in fact every use for small change, was carried along with "shin
plasters" ranging, in face value, from two to fifty cents. These were
issued by all sorts of corporations without restraint.* A limited supply
of badly worn Spanish coins dubbed "fips" and "levies" eked out the
public need. In the latter part of 1862 postage stamps and street-car
tickets were used as currency, t Specie payments were suspended upon
Monday, December 30th, 1861, but the Government waited thirteen
months longer jjefore providing fractional paper currency, of which a
total of $50,000,000 was printed, and this form of exchange was in
common use until 1879. Under such conditions the selling of Govern-
ment or any other securities was made doubly difficult. At the beginning
of 1863 the Government owed the army $60,000,000. When Secretary
Chase finally decided to place the whole task of keeping the war chest
filled upon the broad shoulders of Jay Cooke, the latter lost no time in
perfecting an organization. He created a staff of nine managers of
States, placed chiefly in the Middle West; he appointed fifteen hundred
agents, kept under supervision by a small army of traveling corres-
pondents. He began a campaign of advertising marvelous in its scope
and originality. In this department he enlisted the abilities of a group
of then widely-known journalists, including Samuel Wilkeson, of the
New York Tribune; C. C. Norvell, of the New York Times, and John
Russell Young. His plan of advertising was all-pervading. It included
not only the large and constant use of display announcements, but
editorial and general reading columns. He bought space in not only
the daily papers but in weeklies, class and foreign publications. He
reached every farm-house in the loyal States through their home papers.
He bought the help, if not the good-will of the hostile Democratic
journals. All over the West, especially, the name of "Cooke" was used
to conjure hoards of savings from the traditional old stockings. In
New York and New England the bankers accounted for sales through
the Philadelphia office or that established by the Cooke's in Washington.
*In 1862 the City of Wilmington, Del., issued fractional currency in denomina-
tions of from five to fifty cents, and the act was pronounced legal.
tin the latter part of July, 1862, the public bought postage stamps in such
quantities, for currency purposes, that the Government prohibited their sale ex-
cepting for mailing purposes. Soon afterward the situation was relieved by the
appearance of the fractional currency, quickly dubbed "shin plasters,"
223
The year 1863 was witness of a great and distressing time of
speculative disturbance. Upon February ist, 1863, gold had advanced
to 160 and a month later to 172. Every time that the bonds of the
Nation, bearing the promise of payment with interest in gold, were
raided by the bears, Jay Cooke was there with the money to buy them,
as fast as offered, at par. At the Philadelphia office thirty clerks were
busy, night and day, over the immense details of this wonderful bus-
iness. Cooke & Co. had opened night offices for the accommodation of
the working classes, and when the Government began to send along
the first "20-40's" of the $500,000,000 loan they were sold faster than
the Register of the Treasury could sign them. At this time money was
coming in at the rate of a million and a half dollars per diem. Code
telegrams, reporting sales, fluttered down upon Mr. Cooke's desk like
a never-ceasing snow-storm.
As the war developed and the certainty of the Confederate failure
might be safely forecast, the desire of the fighting North to "see Lincoln
through the job" made it easier work for the money agencies to collect
and deliver the funds which were being so lavishly expended upon the
armies and the navy. The murder of the President intensified this
all-pervading wish to help. In four days of the week following the
tragedy, Cooke & Go's, sales were nearly $25,000,000, and in one hundred
and forty days ending July 28th, 1865, the house had sold securities
upon behalf of the Government to the face value of $700,000,000.*
Mr. Cooke's biographer places the total of the business done for
the^ Government by Jay Cooke & Co., in the course of four years, at a
billion and a half dollars. The gross commissions for the sales of all
but the earliest bond issue was a quarter of one per cent. Mr. Cooke
stated, in a letter to the Secretary of the Treasury, at the end of the war,
that his firm had realized, after deducting all expenses, a profit of
$220,054.49, this being about one-sixteenth of one per cent.
Throughout the war the officials of the Treasury Department and
the President not less, sought constantly the advice of this tireless Phila-
delphia banker. A Confederate officer is quoted by Mr. Cooke's pains-
taking biographer with the remark, "The Yankees did not whip us in
the field. We were whipped by the United States Treasury Department."
To the limited extent that this may be true, large credit belongs to the
Philadelphia banker who found the "sinews of war" as they were needed.
The subsequent career of the great financier of the war for the
Union, though clouded with bitter defeat in his efforts to promote the
Northern Pacific Railway, ended, as such a life should, in triumph.
♦Commenting upon the impending resignation of Secretary Chase, the Phila-
delphia Inquirer of July ist, 1864, said that when he assumed the duties of
Secretary of the Treasury he found that the Government was able to raise
but a limited amount of money, for much of which 12 per cent, interest was paid.
Up to that date he had raised $1,700,000,000, all of which was subscribed by the
people of the loyal States at a cost of 4 i/io per cent, interest.
THE MILITARY HOSPITALS AT PHILADELPHIA
Under Charge of the Medical Department,
Military Post of Philadelphia, i86i to 1865.
Medical Inspector— Ueut.-Col John L. Le Conte, U. S. A., 1103 Girard street.
Medical Director — John Campbell, Surgeon, U. S. A.
Assistant Surgeon— Wm. P. Grier, U. S. A., 1103 Girard street.
Medical Purveyor—Robert Murray, Surgeon, U. S. A., S and 7 N. Fifth street.
Inspector of Hospitals — ^J. Letterman, Surgeon, U. S. A.
U. S. Laboratory— A. K. Smith, Surgeon, U. S. A., Sixth and Master streets. _
Medical Director of Transportatiofir-R. S. Kenderdine, Surgeon, U. S. V. Citizen s
Vol. Hospital, Broad and Prime streets.
Office for Sick and Wounded Officers — 1103 Girard street.
Post Surgeon— Dr. John Neill, U. S. V.
State Military Agent— Robert R. Corson, 133 Walnut street.
PENNSYLVANIA was one of four of the loyal States among
whose soldiers of the Civil War the fatalities from battle exceeded
those caused by disease. The Pennsylvania troops lost from
battle casualties 56 per cent, and from disease 44 per cent, of all
deaths during the war.
In the course of the first year of the war, before the hospital
service became efficient, the general mortality in the army was 17.2
per cent, from battle casualties and 50.4 per cent, from disease per 1,000
troops. In the Atlantic Division, Army Medical Department, the mor-
tality from disease was 33.40 per cent., and in the Central Division
82.19 per cent, per 1,000 troops.
The percentage of deaths from sickness relative to total enlistments
was lower in Pennsylvania than in any other of the Northern States.
This fact was largely due to the geographical position of Philadelphia,
which enabled the State to employ transports to bring the wounded
men of Pennsylvania regiments from tidewater Virginia and by rail from
inland points to the military hospitals at this point, and the fine record
made here as a result of the patriotic labor of physicians and nurses in
the first year of the war. A State military agency located at Washington
assisted in caring for the sick and wounded of the Pennsylvania regi-
ments.* The Government decided to create several great army hospital
establishments at Philadelphia for the reception of sick and wounded
soldiers and sailors without relation to statehood. Indeed, the first
modest hospital opened in the city, that conducted by the Union Vol-
unteer Soldiers Refreshment Saloon Committee, was intended to care
*The interests of the Pennsylvania soldiers in hospitals were in charge of
Assistant Surgeon-General Alfred W. Green, of Philadelphia, stationed at Wash-
ington.
224
225
for the sick and wounded men of regiments from other States passing
through the city. These hospitals, the majority being located in old
buildings adapted to the purpose, numbered twenty-four.* After the
West Philadelphia Hospital was opened, in June, 1862, several of
the smaller hospitals were closed, and in January, 1863, upon the com-
pletion of the still larger Mower or Chestnut Hill Hospital, the number
was further reduced. In April, 1864, the official list contained but thir-
teen. In addition, there were several hospitals for soldiers maintained
by citizens, and both the Pennsylvania and St. Joseph's Hospitals cared
for large numbers at different periods of the war.
The earlier Government hospitals in the city in operation prior to
March ist, 1862, were located at Broad and Cherry streets. Twenty-
fourth and Cherry streets. Ninth and Christian streets. Twenty-second
and Wood streets and Fifth and Buttonwood streets.
By Act of the Legislature, date of February 28th, 1862, Surgeon
Gen. H. H. Smith was directed to send a hospital ship to bring sick and
wounded men from the scene of war, and it became expedient to do
so_a few weeks later. The steamer "W. Whilldin" was chartered and
proceeded to Yorktown, Va. It carried Surgeons David Gilbert, R. P.
Thomas, C. S. Bishop, R. J. Levis, D. S. Glenninger, H. L. Hodge, J.
McBride, J. W. S. Norris, G. W. Nebinger and W. P. Moon, also several
Sisters of Charity. This expedition returned with a large number of
men suffering from the results of the Peninsular Campaign. It was the
first of the many vessels thus laden which came up the Delaware River
in the course of the war.
Under the direction of Surgeon R. S. Kenderdine, a military hos-
pital car was maintained between Washington and Philadelphia attached
to regular trains and making three trips weekly.
The "high tide" of military hospital service in Philadelphia came
with the battle of Gettysburg. Upon July sth, 1863, Assistant Surgeon
Gen. James R. Smith telegraphed to Governor Curtin that the five thou-
sand empty beds in the Philadelphia army hospitals would be filled. All
through the following week the suffering, battle-torn humanity rolled
in upon the city until there were more than ten thousand soldiers to
be cared for by the host of surgeons and nurses awaiting them.
The friends and relatives of soldiers who were reported to be in
one or another of the military hospitals of Philadelphia came to the
city in large numbers from other States and often experienced much
difficulty in finding the objects of their anxiety. To assist such persons
the Y. M. C. A. and the United States Sanitary Commission published
hospital directories, including the names of all soldiers then or previously
inmates of the different hospitals, with directions for reaching them.
*Surgeon John Neill organized the earliest military hospitals at Philadelphia.
He was appointed medical director of the forces from Pennsylvania with the
rank of lieutenant-colonel. He died February ist, 1880.
15
226
In the course of the Civil War the military hospitals of the Nor
ministered to 6,454,834 cases of illness and wounds. Of these 195,0;
were fatal. Although Philadelphia received a larger proportion <
severely wounded men than the hospitals of the service as a whole, t)
average percentage of mortality was lower here than elsewhere.
The annual report of the Philadelphia Branch of the United Stat
Sanitary Commission, January ist, 1866, states that 157,000 soldiers ai
sailors were cared for in the general hospitals at Philadelphia during tl
war. ,
Out of the experience gained in the army hospitals of Philadelph
many patriotic young physicians developed the skill and knowledge whi(
has tended to make this community famous as a center of medical ai
surgical education.*
The Lesser Military Hospitals.
LOCATION AND CAPACITY.
McClellan General Hospital Germantown road and Cayuga street 400 be
Summit House General Hospital ...Darby road, West Philadelphia 522 be
Hestonville General Hospital Hestonville 172 be
Haddington General Hospital Haddington 200 be
Cuyler General Hospital Germantown 55° be
Smallpox General Hospital Islington lane SO be
Turners Lane General Hospital 275 be
Officers' General Hospital Camac's Woods 50 be
Episcopal General Hospital Front and York streets 325 be
Broad Street Hospital S. E. corner of Broad and Cherry
streets 650 be
St. Joseph's Hospital Girard avenue and Seventeenth
street 150 be
Master Street Hospital Sixth and Master streets 305 be
George Street Hospital Fourth and George streets 225 be
Fifth Street Hospital Fifth and Buttonwood streets 282 be
Race Street Hospital National Guards' Hall 412 be
Twelfth Street Hospital Twelfth and Buttonwood streets 152 be
Filbert Street Hospital State Armory, Sixteenth and Filbert
streets 430 be
South Street Hospital Twenty-fourth and South streets 253 be
Christian Street Hospital Ninth and Christian streets 220 be
*The medical records of great foreign wars from 1794 to 1850 show ti-
the fatalities in army hospitals resulting from amputations were 58 per cent,
all cases. The surgeons of the Union Armies saved about 75 per cent, of t
men operated upon.
In the course of six months, dating from July 1st, 1864, the military he
pitols at Philadelphia received 46,459 sick and wounded men. Of these 974 dit
11,737 deserted and 20,178 returned to duty. The balance were still in the he
pitals at the end of the year.
227
Catharine Street Hospital Eighth and Catharine streets 105 beds
Wood Street Hospital Twenty-second and Wood streets... 175 beds
Gtizens' Volunteer Hospital Broad and Prime streets 400 beds
_ The_ foregoing list is printed in the order in which it was published in
official circulars issued by the Government during the Civil War period and
without reference to priority of establishment The same order is adhered to in
the chapter following.
PHILADELPHIA SURGEONS WHO SERVED
THE McCLELLAN HOSPITAL, in the inunediate vicinity of
Wayne Junction, was in the class of general hospitals especially
constructed for the purpose. While, in the case of this hospital,
changes of personnel among the officers were frequent (and this
also apphes to the other military hospitals then in operation in Phila-
delphia), the officials most closely identified with the "Mcaellan," as
far as traceable, were: Surgeon in charge, Lewis Taylor; executive
officer, A. A. Surgeon J. P. Murphy; assL executive officer, Capt. T.
C Kendall of the Invalid Corps ; asst surgeons, Isaac Morris, Jr., Levi
Curtis, H. C Primrose, W. L. WeUs, H. B. Buehler and Richard A.
Qeeman.*
SxTMMiT House Hospital was situated on the site now occupied
by St Joseph's (CathoUc) Hospital, Darby road near Paschalinlle.
Surgeon in charge, J. H. Taylor, assisted by Surgeons L. Leavitt
(executive crfBcer), James A. Buchanan, G. W. Webb and S. R. Skillem.
At a later period the hospital was administered by Surgeon Winthrop
Saigeant
On August 24th, 1864, all of the white soldiers at the Summit House
Hospital were removed to the Satterlee Hospital to make room for
twelve hundred sick and wounded n^ro soldiers then being landed at
Grays Ferry.
Hestonville HosPirAL, in the suburb of that name, was in charge
of Surgeon D. Hayes Agnew, assisted by Surgeons R. Taylor and J.
Lodge.
Haddixgtox Hospital occupied the old Bull's Head Tavern at
Sixty-fifth and Vine streets. This building is still standing. This
hospital was opened November 2d, 1862, in charge of Surgeon R. J.
Levis. It was closed about one year later.
*This hospital, the last one established at Philadelphia daring the war, was
arranged upon the general plan of the Mower Hospital, having an elliptic corridor
from which eighteen wards radiated, the office building being in the center. It is
fully described in Part I, VoL 3, Medical and Surgical History of the Rebellion.
228
CxJYLER Hospital, Germantown, was established in the rear of the
Town Hall and opened on September 19th, 1862, in charge of Surgeon
James Darrach, with John Ashurst, Jr., A. A. S., as executive officer,
Asst. surgeons, William R. Dunton, J. M. Leedom, T. F. Betton and R.
N. Downs.
Islington Lane Hospital was known locally as the "Smallpox
Hospital," its function being the care of cases of this disease originating
in the other hospitals. Assistant surgeon in charge, James V. Patterson.
Turners Lane Hospital. A special study was made here of diseases
of the nerves caused by wounds. It was located near the junction of
Twenty-second and Oxford streets. Assistant Surgeon in charge,
Charles H. Alden; executive officer, A. A. Surgeon C. B. King; staff,
A. A. Surgeons Charles Carter, S. Weir Mitchell, W. W. Keen and
J. A. Da Costa.
The Officers Hospital was located in Camac's Woods near the
intersection of Eleventh and Berks streets. Surgeon in charge, William
M. Camac. Late in the course of the war this hospital was removed to
Twenty-fourth and Chestnut streets.
The Episcopal Hospital at Front and York streets was in charge
of Surgeons Richard A. Cleeman and Robert P. Thomas.
The Broad Street Hospital was opened February 2d, 1862, in
the old station building of the Philadelphia and Reading Railway Com-
pany on the site now occupied by the Parkway Building. Branches
of this hospital were afterward established in the old market house on
Broad street below Race street and on Cherry street east of Broad
street. Surgeon John Neill was appointed in charge, his staff including
Surgeons Thomas Yarrow, Henry Yarrow, Harrison Allen, H. M. Bel-
lows, Henry Eggleton and Thomas Eggleton; Medical Cadets James
Tyson, George W. Shields, E. R. Corson, Edward Livezy, J. W. Corson
and W. R. D. Blackwood. The ladies actively interested in this hos-
pital were from the many prominent families then resident near by.
This hospital was closed when the Mower Hospital was completed but
was reopened for a short time after the battle of Gettysburg, the surgeon
then in charge being W. V. Keating.
St. Joseph's Hospital occupied temporary buildings erected on the
property of the large Catholic institution of the name at Seventeenth
street and Girard avenue. Surgeon incharge, W. P. Moon.
The Master Street Hospital occupied a manufacturing building
at the northwest corner of Sixth and Master streets. It was opened
upon July 1st, 1862, and continued until after the Chestnut Hill Hospital
(Mower) was in operation, nearly a year later. It was considered one
of the most efficient establishments in the city.
Dr. Paul B. Goddard was surgeon in charge; resident surgeons,
Kingston Goddard, Jr., A. Hamilton Smith, Matthias K. Knorr ; visiting
surgeons, Drs. Wm. H. Pancoast, David Gilbert, Joseph Klapp and
Samuel Murphy; apothecary, Joseph B. Fox.
229
The building was subsequently used as a factory for supplying sheets
for the hospitals and underwear for the army.
The George Street Hospital occupied the building of the Order
of American Mechanics at Fourth and George streets. It was opened
June 20th, 1862. Surgeon in charge, Lewis D. Harlow. It was closed
on February 23d, 1863.
Fifth Street Hospital was established under the direction of
Surgeon Thomas G. Morton in the buildings of the Dunlap carriage
factory, at Fifth and Buttonwood streets. It was opened in February,
1862, and was discontinued a year later, after which the structures were
used as a military prison for Confederates and a barracks for the Provost
Guard. The hospital was in charge of Surgeon A. C. Bournonville,
assisted by Surgeons R. J. Dunglison and William M. Breed.
The Race Street Hospital occupied the armory of the National
Guards on Race street below Sixth street. It was closed March i8th,
1863, the patients being removed to Mower Hospital. Surgeon in charge,
A. C. Bournonville.
The Twelfth Street Hospital, at Twelfth and Buttonwood
streets, was opened October 22d, 1862, and continued about one year.
Surgeon in charge, Thomas G. Morton.
The Filbert Street Hospital was established in the summer of
1862 at the fine State Arsenal building, southeast corner of Sixteenth
and Filbert streets. The lower floors were used as a depot for military
clothing. Surgeon in charge, Richard A. Dunglison, assisted by Sur-
geons A. Douglas Hall, John W. S. Norris and S. Weir Mitchell. In
February, 1863, this became a convalescent hospital under Surgeon V.
P. Hibbard, and later in charge of Surgeons W. S. Forbes and Samuel
S. Storrow, consecutively. The assistant surgeons were J. Wilson
Magruder, James W. Draper, and A. Douglas Hall.*
The South Street Hospital was located at Twenty-fourth and
South streets. From its reputation for amputations it was often called
by the soldiers the "stump hospital." The surgeon in charge was Harry
C. Hart, who was succeeded in 1864 by Surgeon Henry James. The
assistant surgeons were F. F. Maury, E. A. Koerper and A. B. Stonelake.
The Christian Street Hospital was located on the south side of
that street below Tenth street, in Moyamensing Hall. Its proximity to
the "Baltimore Railroad station" and to the great refreshment saloons
gave it much importance. It was maintained to October 24th, 1864.
When opened it was in charge of Surgeon John I. Reese, and later was
under Surgeon R. J. Levis. Among those identified with this hospital
were Assistant Surgeons S. Weir Mitchell, George R. Morehouse,
Charles Holden, W. W. Keen, L. E. Nordmann and John H. Packard.
*A description of this hospital may be found in Dr. Mitchell's first novel, "In
War Time." It was here that this distinguished surgeon began his studies of
cases of nervous diseases, which he continued later at the Christian Street and
Turner^s Lane Hospitals.
230
The Catharine Street Hospital, at Eighth and Catharine streets,
was also convenient to the great highway of military travel across the
city, and of great service to passing troops. It was administered by Sur-
geon Robert R. Taylor.
Wood Street Hospital, Twenty-second and Wood streets, was one
of the earliest of the in-town hospitals, being continued to February 3d,
1863, when its officials and patients were transferred to the more salu-
brious environment of the Mower Hospital. Surgeon in charge, Caleb
W. Horner; assistant surgeons, S. H. Horner, William H. Gordon and
C. B. Voigt.
Among the Philadelphia surgeons who died in the service were:
Albert Owen Stille, Surgeon of the 23d Regiment, died at Fortress Monroe,
June 23d, 1862.
James Knighton Shivers, died at Atlanta, 1865.
Joseph Hopkinson, Mower Hospital, died July nth, 1865.
Charles Baker Riehle, Asst. Surgeon 8th Cavalry, died at Washington, Sep-
tember 14th, 1862.
Edward Donaldson, medical cadet, U. S. A., died at Washington, D. C, May
31st, 1864.
THE CITIZENS' VOLUNTEER HOSPITAL
FOREMOST in extent and capacity among the centrally located
hospitals, this beneficent establishment was located opposite the
depot of the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad,
upon the northeast corner of Broad street and Washington avenue.
It was especially intended for the reception of the more serious cases
of the sick and wounded constantly arriving from the army by train.
It was a clearing house from which the patients were gradually dis-
tributed to other hospitals. The managers and committees of humane
citizens of both sexes maintained volunteer committees in attendance at
all incoming trains to not only give instant help to those in need of it,
but to protect the soldiers from thieves and harpies, who were ever ready
to mislead and rob them. This hospital was opened on September Sth,
1862, and closed on August nth, 1865. Upon October 12th, 1863,
the first anniversary, it was stated that 30,000 soldiers had been cared
for, of whom but 80 had died. In its report of May loth, 1864, it
recorded that to that time above 50,000 men had been received. The
capacity of this hospital was 400 beds, but at times room was made
for 700 men. After great battles the nearby churches were utilized to
house the excess arrivals of the wounded. The Methodist Church at
Broad and Christian streets, the Presbyterian Church at Broad and
231
Fitzwater streets, and St. Theresa's (Catholic) Church, upon Broad
street, above Catharine street, were all used as temporary hospitals, as
were also many of the fire houses.
The cash receipts from contributors aggregated $43,436. Supplies
of perhaps greater value were donated. The ground upon which the
buildings stood was loaned to the association by Hon. Joseph Randall.
When the institution was closed a balance of $4,783.47 remained. This
was given to the Soldiers and Sailors Home and other military relief
associations.
The Citizens' Volunteer Hospital was in charge of Surgeon R. S.
Kenderdine, U. S. V.
President, T. T. Tasker, St.; Treasurer, Chas. P. Paret; Secretary, Thos. L.
Gifford.
Board of Managers: John Williams, W. L. Clayton, James Evans, John Kil-
patrick, Alex. Greaves, Samuel W. Middleton, Frank Bayle, John H, Clayton,
John Goorley, Wm. R. Pidgeon, Andrew McFetters, David J. Stevenson, Samuel
Bayle, Jos. L. Goff, Edmund Hopper, James D. Doherty, Edward H. Pyle, J. B.
Hancock, Wm. J. Verdette, George W. Lott, James L. Moore, David Foy, Henry
J. Fox, Wm. H. Taggart, Joseph M. Cardeza.*
WEST PHILADELPHIA GENERAL HOSPITAL, LATER DESIQ-
NATED THE SATTERLEE U. S. GENERAL HOSPITAL
Capacity, 2,S60 Beds
THE project of the extensive hospital located in the Twenty-
seventh Ward, West Philadelphia, has been credited to Dr. Isaac
I. Hayes, under whose direction it was built and who remained
at the head of its administration to the end of the war. The
site, now occupied by blocks of attractive, modern homes, was then
in the open country. The ground was about 90 feet above tide level,
sloping into the valley of a small creek, thus receiving good drainage.
The boundaries of the ground occupied extended 1,400 feet northwest-
ward from a point now within Clarence Clark Park, just south of
Baltimore avenue, at the intersection of Forty-fourth street. The average
width of the reservation was 650 feet. The group of buildings filled the
upper space, and these were surrounded by a high fence. The open
portion along Baltimore avenue, beyond the ravine of Little Mill creek,
*The annual reports of this hospital do not include the names of assistant
surgeons or of the many patriotic ladies and citizens who were in attendance here
during nearly three years of activity.
232
was used as a parade, and after the battles of Antietam and Gettysburg
was covered with tents for the wounded soldiers.
The Administration Building of two floors occupied the center of
the enclosure, flanked by the wards of one floor each, thirty-four in all.
These wards were of unequal length. When the group was finally com-
pleted by the builder, Wm. L. Sands, under a supplementary contract,
in November, 1862, the wards were furnished with 3,124 beds. In
addition to the hospital buildings proper quarters were provided for
a host of surgeons, attendants, nurses, guards, musicians, cooks, prmters
and other essential employees.
Dr. Hayes had assumed this task at a great sacrifice of personal
interest. Experience with the Second Grinnell Expedition to the Arctic
Region six years earlier had led him to further research in that field.
When the Civil War began he was absent in the far north upon his
schooner "United States." He first learned of the condition of war when
arriving at Halifax in October, 1861. He promptly abandoned his
scientific plans and tendered his personal services and the use of his
ship to the Federal Government. Both were accepted and he was as-
signed to hospital duty at Philadelphia.
The West Philadelphia U. S. General Hospital was opened for
the reception of military patients June 9th, 1862. During the morning
of the opening day twenty-five Sisters of Charity reported for duty,
having been assigned to the hospital by order of the Surgeon General
upon the recommendation, it is said, of Dr. D. Hayes Agnew and Dr.
Walter F. Atlee. In the afternoon about one hundred and fifty patients
were brought here from other hospitals.
In General Order No. 8, dated July 2d, Dr. Hayes announced his
staff as follows:
Resident Surgeons — D. McMurtrie, N. Hickman, H. Hillner, J. A.
Buchanan, George H. Deck, L. K. Baldwin, M. S. Perry, W. C. Dixon,
W. H. Matlack and C. E. Iddings.
Visiting Surgeons — Alfred Stille, T. Stewardson, E. A. Smith, F.
W. Lewis, W. F. Atlee, John G. Tull, R. A. Penrose, J. M. DaCosta,
H. West, J. B. Hutchinson, H. L. Lodge, J. H. Packard, E. Crowell,
D. H. Agnew, W. C. Halsey, Frank West and Caspar Wistar.
The Cadets were Messrs. Williams, Saunders, Knorr, Cadwell,
Lowndes, Byres, Trull, Dickson, Campbell, Keffer and Santee.
In a list printed in the "Hospital Register," a weekly paper printed
at the hospital, appear, in addition to the foregoing names, those of
Surgeons Joseph Leidy, Ezra Dyer and Edward A. Page. Cadet A. L.
Eakin was also added to the staff. In 1864 Surgeon W. H. Forwood,
U. S. A., became Executive Officer, succeeding Surgeon John S. Billings.
This hospital, known at first and so designated in official documents
as the West Philadelphia U. S. General Hospital, was named, on June
3d, 1863, in honor of Brig.-Gen. Richard Sherwood Satterlee, U. S.
A., a noted surgeon, native of Fairfield, Herkimer County, N. Y.,
233
and in the regular army service dating from his appointment as Assist-
ant Surgeon in 1822. Throughout the Civil War this officer held the
position of Medical Purveyor, with headquarters in New York City.
At the "Satterlee" military discipline was strictly enforced. A com-
pany of troops was assigned to guard duty, and as the hospital in-
creased in its invalid population, the guard was reinforced until it num-
bered 170 rank and file.
A good military band, under Prof. Theodore Hermann, provided
daily concerts and music for the dress parades and dirges for the dead.
Always hovering above their charges in the hospital wards were the
Sisters of Charity, forty-two in number, under the orders of Mother
Mary Gonzaga Grace. These nurses were not paid, but the Govern-
ment reimbursed for their services the order to which they belonged.
Rev. Nathaniel West, D. D., the Protestant Chaplain of the "Satter-
lee," wrote of these Catholic sister-nurses: "Better nurses, better at-
tendants, more noiseless, ceaseless performers of services in the hospital
could not be found. There is probably not a hospital in the public
service that would not be glad to have them." Much of the heavier,
more trying work at this and other hospitals was done by male assistants
known as "contract men."*
The Ladies' Aid Society, Penn Relief Association and Ladies' Asso-
ciation for Soldiers' Relief were all represented in the large numbers
of volunteer attendants at this and other hospitals. A number of ladies
of the neighborhood, with the aid of the Chaplain, established a hos-
pital library, reading and writing room. Newspapers from all sections
of the country were filed here daily. A billiard room and entertainment
hall were also maintained. These Were upon the southwestern side of
the reservation adjoining the still existent homestead of Dr. and Mrs.
Louis H. Twaddell, both of whom were active in volunteer work in
the often crowded wards, t
A large proportion of the patients sent to this hospital arrived upon
steamers which landed at a point just below the old Gray's Ferry bridge,
from which the sufferers were taken upon stretchers and in wagons
and ambulances along Warrington lane to Baltimore avenue. This now
forgotten lane extended across the plateau from the intersection of Gray's
Ferry road to the Warrington homestead, which yet stands, surrounded
with modern homes, just southward from the site of the Cherry Tree
tavern.
Chaplain West states that the full capacity of the hospital was in-
creased to 2,860 beds, in addition to which were 150 large tents to hold
*Rev. Nathaniel West, chaplain, died on September ist, 1864, aged seventy
years.
tUnder order dated October 2gth, 1863, no women were permitted to serve
in United States General Hospitals, excepting "matrons," unless provided with a
"certificate of approval" or directly appointed by the Surgeon-General. General
Order No. 351.
234
900 more persons. These are said to have been set up along Baltimore
avenue opposite and within the space now included in Clarence Clark
Park, upon the verge of the ravine. Until the completion of the hos-
pital at Chestnut Hill, this was the largest army hospital in the United
States. The Philadelphia Nurses' Corps, the first association of army
nurses in the service, was formed at this hospital.* The total number of
soldiers and sailors cared for at the "Satterlee" in the course of its
operation is believed to exceed 60,000. The Satterlee Hospital was closed
upon August 3d, i865.t
THE MOWER U. S. GENERAL HOSPITAL
Capacity, 4,000 Beds
SELECTING the highest level ground within the city limits, just
eastward of Chestnut Hill, where the altitude is 400 feet above
the river level, the National Government began the erection, in the
fall of 1862, of another vast hospital establishment. The official
in charge was Col. Charles H. Greenleaf, U. S. A., who was also Execu-
tive Officer. The space covered was 27 acres. The location was bounded
by Abingdon and Springfield avenues, the Chestnut Hill track of the
Reading Railroad and County Line road. The main frontage was op-
posite the station now known as Wyndmoor. This was an ideal site for
the purpose. The contractor who built the Satterlee Hospital was em-
ployed upon this work. The arrangement of the buildings was novel.
From a great, flatted, elliptical corridor forty-seven wards, each 175 feet
long, radiated outward like the spokes of a wheel. The fence enclosed
a space 912 feet wide and 1,037 feet long. The Administration and
Medical Department occupied the two-story building in the center. At
the far corners were the barracks of the guards. The large commissary
building faced the railroad. Kitchens, dining halls, power and heating
plants, guard houses and various other structures were grouped in the
open central space. A roomy parade and band stand was northeast from
*In December, 1864, Dr. Milton C. Egbert, a wealthy oil producer, of Venango
County, Pa., sent, in the name of his wife, $5,000 to be expended upon Christmas
dinners for the soldiers and sailors then in the military hospitals of Philadelphia.
The sum was apportioned among all of the hospitals excepting the "Mower,"
which had been otherwise provided for.
tSoon after the close of the war the hospital tract was purchased by a syndi-
cate, which divided it into building lots under the name of "Satterlee Heights."
"Sheridan avenue" is now Osage avenue and Fairview avenue is Larchwood ave-
nue. A map of this operation is preserved in a scrap book of the McAllister Col-
lection, Ridgway Library.
235
the Medical Building. All of the buildings, like those of Satterlee Hos-
pital, were built of wood and rough cast upon the outside. Water was
supplied from the Chestnut Hill water works reservoir.
Tramways extended through the corridor and along the center of
each ward to facilitate the carrying of patients and food. Many forms
of diversion were provided for the soldiers, and here, as in the vicinity
of the other hospitals, there was no lack of kindly attention upon the
part of the neighboring residents. Invalid and wounded soldiers destined
for the Mower Hospital were carried to the railroad station at Ninth and
Green streets in fire ambulances and thence in special cars.
The Mower Hospital was opened upon January 17th, 1863. The
capacity at that time was 2,820 beds for patients. The Surgeon in charge
was Dr. J. Hopkinson; Consulting Surgeon, J. H. B. McClellan; Execu-
tive Officer, Col. Chas H. Greenleaf, U. S. A. ; Assistant Surgeons, Isaac
Norris, Henry C. Primrose, W. George Foggo, C. R. Maclean, J. M.
Wallis, J. Wherry, M. L. Lauber, Robert Boiling, Horace Y. Evans, L.
W. Bickley, J. A. C. Hanley, J. G. Murphy, Wm. M. Welch, E. A.
Koerper, L. S. Morand, J. S. Somerville, A. H. Light, Albert Trego,
RoUin T. Baker, Lewis T. Garrett, D. P. Pancoast, C. C. Bonibaugh and
Chas. H. Budd.
The employees included one steward, 47 ward masters, 141 nurses
and two firemen. The guard, at first, consisted of a company from Wayne
County, Pa., under Capt. George W. Hubbell. A full band and drum
corps furnished daily music.
Soon after the opening about 1,700 patients were brought here,
mainly from a number of the small hospitals in town, which were then
discontinued.
The total admissions to the end of 1864 were 17,190. The number
was greatly increased near the close of the war.
A KEY TO THE OFFICIAL RECORDS OF THE MILITARY
HOSPITALS, UNITED STATES ARMY, LOCATED
AT PHILADELPHIA
THE unpublished reports and other documentary papers relat-
ing to these Civil War Hospitals are filed at the office of the
Adjutant-General, War Department, Washington. An index of
these records has been prepared by courtesy of that official for
use in this book. In order that it may be permanently accessible, copies
of this index have been placed in the libraries of the College of Physi-
cians, the Library Company of Philadelphia and the Historical Society
236
of Pennsylvania. It is understood that information, when important,
regarding any individual soldier or sailor who may have been an inmate
of those hospitals will be furnished by the Government upon presenta-
tion of sufficient data. This should be applied for, to secure attention,
through members of Congress representing districts in which applicants
reside.
THE UNITED STATES ARMY LABORATORY
T
"^ HE United States Laboratory, located upon the northeast cor-
ner of Sixth and Jefferson streets, in a factory building, was
established by direction of Surgeon Gen. Hammond in the
summer of 1863, and placed in charge of Prof. John M. Maisch,
of which he remained the director during the two and a half years of
its existence. Here a staff of chemists and other experts prepared sup-
plies for the medical and surgical requirements of the army and navy
at an estimated saving, as compared with previous costs, of $750,000.
THE INVALID CORPS, COMPANIES RECRUITED IN
PHILADELPHIA
IN May, 1863, the Government authorized the formation of an "In-
valid Corps."* This body was afterward designated the "Veteran
Reserve Corps," and was recruited from men of former service who
had been sick or wounded but were still fit for garrison and guard
duty. Under the direction of the Acting Assistant Provost Marshal of
Pennsylvania, twelve companies of these troops were formed at the
several army hospitals in Philadelphia, through the efforts of Col. Richard
H. Rush. Col. George W. Gile, late of the 88th Regiment, was ap-
pointed in command. The "Invalid Corps" was composed of two classes,
the more able-bodied companies being employed upon provost duty and
*The Invalid Corps consisted of 158 companies, of which 15 were from Penn-
sylvania. It was established by order of May 2Sth, 1863. By a subsequent order,
dated March i8th, 1864, the designation 'was changed to that of the Veteran Re-
serve Corps.
237
as guards, the second class being assigned as hospital clerks, cooks and
nurses.*
The companies recruited in Philadelphia were designated by num-
bers, as follows:
46th and issth, McClellan General Hospital ; Sist, 57th and I22d, Satterlee
General Hospital; S2d, 133d and 134th, Mower General Hospital; 131st, Summit
House Hospital; l62d, Cuyler General Hospital; 54th and spth, from the minor
hospitals.f
PATRIOTIC VOLUNTEER FIREMEN
N
O class of citizens responded
more promptly to their
country's call in the spring
of 1861 than the members
of the volunteer fire companies of
Philadelphia, then eighty-seven in
number. They were numerous in
all of the early regiments recruited
in the city, and composed the greater
part of the "23d," Birney's Zouaves,
and the "726." Baxter's Philadelphia
Fire Zouaves. The "fire-fighters"
were also well represented on the
many ships of war built and manned
at this port. The heroic records of
these men are to be found in the
regimental histories of our local
organizations, and in the naval re-
ports of the period. During the
summer of 1861 the city authorities
had acquired, by gift and purchase,
a number of fine rifled cannon with caissons and equipments. Later in
the year it was proposed to form an artillery regiment composed of fire-
men. So greatly had the various companies been depleted by enlist-
ments that it was not found practicable. The firemen, however, offered
the use of their horses for any emergency service. Twice in the course
*It was the duty of the senior officer of Invalid Corps detachments stationed
at General Hospitals to keep a record of all deaths and interments. General
Order No. 212.
tThese troops are not included in the totals of organizations credited to Phila-
delphia.
238
of the war, at the instance of Chief David M. Lyle, the tinie-honored
Hibernia Engine Company sent its steam engine, with a detail of men,
to Fortress Monroe and Washington, upon request of the War Depart-
ment. This powerful steam fire engine was built for the "Hibemias"_by
Reanie & Neafie, of Philadelphia, and was the pioneer engine of its kind
in this city, if not in the United States.
This patriotic company was organized in 1752. It was represented in
all of the wars of this country from the formation of the Government.
The Hibernia Target Company, formed in 1853, became a company in
the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps, this being the first full company of
firemen sent out during the Civil War by any fire organization in the
United States. The Northern Liberty and Vigilant Fire Companies,
also dating from long before the Revolutionary War, were proud of the
fact that their members had worn the uniforms of the Continentals as
well as of Zouaves. The first organization of local firemen in the field was
Capt. Wm. McMuUen's "Rangers," a company recruited from the "Moya-
mensing Hose" for the three months' service, under Gen. Robert Patter-
son, in 1861.
The total number of Philadelphia firemen who served in the Union
Army between 1861 and 1865 is estimated to have been about eleven
thousand.
Not less notable is the story of the splendid work accomplished by
the firemen of the city through their volunteer ambulance service, which
began with the Southwark Hose Company No. 9. These ambulances
were thirty-five in number. They were built with money subscribed by
the firemen and their friends and were maintained at the houses of the
Delaware, Southwark, Washington, Weccacoe, Diligent, Philadelphia
(2), Assistance, America, Fairmount, Northern Liberty, United States,
Vigilant, Good Intent, Globe, Mechanic, Decatur, Fellowship (2), Mon-
roe, Good Will (2), and West Philadelphia Engine Companies, and the
Franklin, Hope, Southwark, Western, Philadelphia, Good Will, Neptune,
Cohocksink, Kensington, Independence, Northern Liberty and West Phila-
delphia Hose Companies. Great rivalry existed between the several com-
panies in the artistic embellishment of their handsome and servicable ve-
hicles. They were kept in readiness for instant call. Upon the arrival of
vessels or trains filled with wounded and invalid soldiers the electric call
"9-6," repeated three times, was rung upon the bells in the fire towers, and
away the ambulances sped for the river front or the depots.
In the five days preceding Christmas, 1862, the ambulances, under
the direction of Chief David M. Lyle, carried 2,500 patients from the
Citizens' Volunteer Hospitals to others throughout the city.*
In many instances the fire companies invested their funds in Gov-
*It is stated in Lossing's History of the Civil War that the Philadelphia fire
ambulances carried from the trains to the hospitals and elsewhere one hundred
and twenty thousand sick or wounded soldiers.
239
ernment bonds, and when the sad harvest of battle was brought to our
doors the fire houses became temporary hospitals. Many of the dead of
the 72d Regiment, who fell at Antietam and Gettysburg, were exhumed
from graves upon the fields where they had fought by their brother fire-
men and given burial in the home cemeteries.
In 1867 the handsome ambulance of the Philadelphia Fire Engine
Company was sent to the Exposition Universelle at Paris as a part of
the United States Government display, and was exhibited in the Army
and Navy section. The company was awarded a bronze medal and a
diploma by the Exposition authorities.
For many years after the volunteer fire department had been dis-
banded the "old timers," when upon their frequent visitations to other
cities, generally carried along one or two war ambulances as the most
prized of their treasures.*
THE UNION LEAGUE OF PHILADELPHIA
AFTER eighteen months of war the outlook for the final success
of the Union cause was far from promising. In Philadelphia
the disloyal element openly expressed joy over Confederate vic-
tories in the faces of their patriotic neighbors. This exasperating
situation was discussed by a group of eminent citizens. It was decided
to invite other loyal men to meet at the residence of Mr. Benjamin
Gerhard, at 226 South Fourth street, to promote the formation of a
Union Club. Referring to that movement years afterward, Mr. George
H. Boker wrote :
"So timid and hesitating was the beginning of the Union Club that
the notice to certain gentlemen to meet in Mr. Gerhard's house seemed
to contain no authority for the assemblage. The receivers of the notes
of invitation were informed merely that there would be a meeting
of loyal men for a patriotic purpose. There was no signature to these
notes, and from the context one might have inferred that Mr. Gerhard,
for the nonce, had abandoned his house to the use of his friends.
*The survivors of the old-time fire companies still maintain local organizations
in the Veteran Volunteer Firemen's Association, Tenth street above Brown street;
the _ Volunteer Firemen's Association, Eighth and Buttonwood streets, and the
Active Volunteer Firemen's Association, at Buttonwood street and Old York road.
The Tivoli, William Penn and Taylor Hose Companies also continue their head-
quarters. These associations include many old soldiers and possess a number of
valuable collections of apparatus, relics and pictures.
240
The original promotors who met in response to the invitation were
Judge J. I. Clark Hare, Benjamin Gerhard, George Boker, Morton Mc-
Michael, Horace Binney, Jr., and Charles Gibbons. Several meetings
were subsequently held at private homes, and it has been stated, in a
recent semi-centennial review of the origin of the Union League, that
the formation of the club was regarded as a renewal of the historic
Wistar parties instituted by Dr. Caspar Wistar in 1798. At the seventh
meeting, held at the residence of Dr. John F. Meigs, upon December
27th, 1862, the title of the "Union League" was adopted. The first
meeting of the Union League was held in Concert Hall, upon January
22d, 1863. Meanwhile, the large residence of Mr. Hartman Kuhn, at
1 1 18 Chestnut street, had been rented by the club. This house, after-
ward known as the Baldwin Mansion, stood upon the site now occupied
by Keith's Theatre. The first President of the Union League was
William Morris Meredith, then Attorney-General of the State. The
membership had at this time grown to five hundred and thirty-six. The
house was opened for members upon February 23d, 1863, and the Union
League became at once a potent center of aggressive Union effort.
The following members were among the subscribers to a fund
to form and equip regiments for the national service:
William M. Meredith. Horace Binney, Jr. Joseph Allison.
J. Forsyth Meigs. William Welsh. Oswald Thompson.
Charles Gilpin. J. Reese Fry. Edwin Greble.
John B. Myers. J. Edgar Thomson. William Henry Rawle.
George H. Boker. James H. Orne. Charles J. Stille.
Henry C. Carey. H. C. Knight. Alexander Brown.
Daniel Smith, Jr. John G. Fell. William D. Lewis.
James W. Paul. Adolph E. Borie. George Trott.
Morton McMichael. Anthony J. Drexel. N. D. Browne.
James L. Glaghorn. George W. Childs. Lindley Smyth.
Daniel Dougherty. S. V. Merrick. Clement Barclay.
John Russell Young. Charles Gibbons. John W. Field.
The names of these gentlemen were inscribed upon the columns of
the Court of Honor of the 33d annual national encampment of the
G. A. R., held at Philadelphia in September, 1889, with their help and
that of others, the following regiments were organized :
4Sth Regt. Penna. 90-day Militia, Cols. Wm. D. Whipple and James T. Clancy.
Served July ist to Aug. 29th, 1863.
52d Regt. 90-day Militia. Col. Wm. A. Gray. Served July loth to Sept. 2d,
1863.
Spth Regt. 90-day Militia. Col. George P. McLean. Served July 9th to Sept.
9th, 1863.
183d Regt. Infantry. Cols. George P. McLean, J. F. McCulIough, James C.
Lynch, George T. Egbert. Served Dec. 24th, 1863, to July 13th, 1865.
ig6th Regt. Infantry. Col. Harmanus Neff. Served July 20th, 1864, to Nov.
17th, 1864.
198th Regt. Infantry. Col. Horatio G. Sickel. Served Sept. 2d, 1864, to June
4th, 1865.
rXIOX LZAGVE CLCB HOUSE, rti8 CHESTXTT STREET. Fdmaiy ajd. i86j. to May
tttii, iSBs- Site now ocaqned by Eeitli's Theatre.
BRONZE TABLET IN HONOR OF THE "UNION LEAGUE REGIMENTS," AT
UNION LEAGUE CLUB HOUSE.
(Henry K. Bush Brown, Sculptor.)
241
7. 2i3th Regt. Infantry. Col. John A. Gorgas. Served Feb. 24th, 1865, to Nov.
i8th, 1865.
8. 214th Regt. Infantry. Col. David B. McKibbin. Served March 21st, 1865, to
March 21st, 1866.
g. 215th Regt. Infantry. Col. Francis Wister. Served April 5th, 1865, to July
31st, i86s.
The Union League also assisted in the formation of the Third Bat-
talion Infantry (Fell's Chasseurs) and of five cavalry companies.
As an inducement to secure recruits the Union League offered, at
one time, a bounty of $300, and expended upon the several organiza-
tions a total of $108,000.
The Government established Camp William Penn, in Cheltenham
Township, Montgomery County, where, under the command of Lieut.-
Col. Louis Wagner, of the 88th Regiment, negro recruits of the State
were gathered. The Union League expended $33,000 upon their equip-
ment, etc. Each regiment sent out was presented with a stand of colors.
During the war period the Publication Committee constantly issued
patriotic circulars and also the Union League Gazette, of which 560,000
copies were sent out.
Upon the memorable evening of April loth, 1865, the news of the
surrender of Gen. Robert E. Lee's Confederate force was brought to
the Union League by Miss Louisa Claghorn and Mrs. John W. Forney,
who had followed an excited telegraph boy to the Press office and
obtained the dispatch after it had been copied for publication. The
original, attested by Mr. J. Gillingham Fell, then President, is still
preserved.*
Upon May nth, 1865, the Union League moved into its new
building upon Broad street, which it has occupied to the present time.
A bronze tablet placed in the corridor of the Union League clubhouse
and a bronze figure of a soldier of the Union army upon its pedestal
in front of the building upon Broad street are memorials of the war
period in the history of this influential and patriotic organization, f
♦History of the Union League Club.
tThe continued interest of the Union League in the events of the Civil War
is evidenced by the group of its members composing "The Pilgrims to the Battle-
fields of the Rebellion." This organization consists of thirty members, of whom
but a minority were soldiers of that period. The_ "Pilgrims" hold an annual
banquet on Lincoln's Birthday, and undertake a visit, each year, to some one
or more of the scenes of great battles and campaigns.
Upon the occasion of the semi-centennial of its organization, on February
I2th, 1913, a list was published of the following survivors of the nearly three
thousand members who were identified with the Club prior to May Sth, 1865.
They are, as given in the order of their election, as follows: Edward Smith
Kelly, Henry G. Morris, George Rice, J. Edward Addicks, Thomas Dolan, John
F. Graff, Capt. S. Emlen Meigs, Charles S. Cramp, Frank H. Wyeth, Wayne
MacVeagh, John G. Watmough, William M. Cramp, Judge William H. Armstrong,
Henry C. Butcher, Richard A. Lewis, Edgar W. Earle, Thomas S. Harrison,
William F. Biddle, Jacob N. Donaldson and James T. Graff.
16
THE INVASION OF 1863. GETTYSBURG
E
ARLY in the course of the war the London Chronicle^ viewing
the problem of the American people from a dispassionate
standpoint, had said:
"They have to discover, by hard trial, whether they have generals who can
command, soldiers who will fight, ministers with ability to organize and a National
spirit loyal enough to redeem the heavy burdens, the chilling disappointments and,
above all, the wearisome delays inevitable to a state of war. * * * _ Any temporary
sacrifice will be amply repaid if the national energies have been trained and society,
in every circle, has learned to set a due value on the possessions which have been
gained or preserved at a heavy cost of blood and treasure. If such should be the
result of the war, it will have proved the happiest event that ever happened in
America. They will have acquired a better title to respect from other nations and,
above all, they will have learned better how to respect themselves."
The sober truth of the foregoing estimate possessed the souls of
the people in Philadelphia in the early summer of 1863. The color,
the thrill and the glory of the war were all of the past. The news-
papers became monotonous with their brief daily records of military
funerals, of the return of the wounded from the splendid Philadelphia
regiments, shattered at Chancellorsville and Fredericksburg. There were
signs portent of another draft. The disloyal element of the city, no
longer cowed into hiding, became aggressive. They proclaimed the
war a failure, they held meetings under the shadow of Independence
Hall and their newspaper, the Age, defied patriotic people.
But there was no weakening of purpose with loyal Philadelphia.
The wives of soldiers to whom pittances, sorely needed, came from
husbands at the front, took the little hoards down to Jay Cooke & Co.
and bought Government bonds. That was the spirit and the sacri-
fice of the time in thousands of homes.
Many of the depleted regiments of New England and New York
state, whose terms of service were ended, were passing homeward
through the city. At the hands of the tired but steadfast men and
women of the great refreshment saloons they were, once more, bounti-
fully fed. Now and then a new regiment passed southward, clean in
their fresh uniforms and gay with the old spirit of '61.
There were also long gray lines of prisoners, limping, between their
guards, down Washington avenue and amazed to find a good meal and
kindly attention awaiting them before they embarked for Fort Delaware.
There was a feeling abroad that the war was approaching its
conclusion. In the beautiful June afternoons crowds were thronging
to Fairmount Park to enjoy the concerts of Birgfeld's popular band.
The Union League and the fire companies were busy planning for a
great Fourth of July parade, with banquets and fireworks in the even-
242
243
ing. Meanwhile, the veterans of Hooker's army were expected to force
back the strenuous gray lines of the enemy within the old battle regions
so familiar to both armies. But the newspaper dispatches, from day
to day, told the story of the unchecked advance of Confederate cavalry
toward the Susquehanna River.
On June isth President Lincoln had called for 100,000 militia to
be mustered into the national service and to serve six months. This
call was immediately followed by another from Governor Curtin, in
the course of which he said: "We must be true to the thirty-five thou-
sand Pennsylvanians who have fallen on the field of battle." Upon the
following day Mayor Henry summoned business men to close their
places and arm themselves.
At the City Arsenal buildings. Broad and Race streets, the rifles,
cannon, harness, fire-arms, uniforms, equipments, tents and commissary
utensils, which had been bought and stored by the city, awaited the
expected rush of volunteers, and as fast as they came, with the proper
requisitions, they were fitted out and sent to the trains. It was said
that a full company could be thus metamorphosed from civilians to
soldiers in half an hour.
On the 17th and i8th of June many bodies of the city military
proceeded to Harrisburg. Within the week following nearly all of
the local militia had gone. Several fine regiments from New York
and New Jersey (the first of them being the alert "7th" of New York
city) had traversed the city and were now upon the line of defence.
It now became evident that somewhere between Hagerstown and
Philadelphia Lee's seventy thousand veteran fighters must be turned
back or Philadelphia and probably Baltimore and Washington must
capitulate.
Despite the general fear of the people Philadelphia hospitality
was extended, that week, to a delegation of visiting officials from the
City of Cincinnati.
Upon June 29th Mayor Henry again issued an urgent admonition
to the citizents. He said : "You number more than fifty thousand able-
bodied men. The means to arm and equip yourselves are at hand.
Close your manufactories, workshops and stores before the stern neces-
sity for common safety makes it obligatory. Assemble yourselves forth-
with for organization and drill. * * * Spurn from you those who
would delude you to inactivity or disaffection. * * * Let no one
refuse to arm who will not be able to justify himself before man and
God in sight of a desolated hearth or of a dishonored family."* Few
public utterances of that time were the equal of this stirring call to
*As he wrote these fiery words the gray cavalry of Jenkins was within sight
of Harrisburg, and another column of raiders, under Rodes, was assessing York,
sixty-five miles from Philadelphia, for heavy tribute in shoes, food and money. The
nearest corps of Hooker's army was forty miles or more distant from the points
thus reached by the enemy.
244
duty. Business was very good in Philadelphia in the summer of 1863.
A large number of establishments were humming with Government con-
tracts. General manufacturing, locomotive and shipbuilding, these and
countless lesser undertakings occupied the earnest attention of a large
proportion of the "fifty thousand" thus addressed. To literally cease
from these activities meant heavy loss or ruin to many, but there was a
rousing response.*
That day policemen carried enrollment blanks from house to house,
and those who signed were told to go to Independence Square, where
the Mayor and the Commanding General awaited them. Here Major-
Gen. N. J. Dana instructed them how to organize and where to report
for service, t
The Evening Bulletin's versatile local historian, "Penn," recurring
to the stress of the week of Gettysburg, as affecting Philadelphia, says :
"On the day when Reynolds took his position at Seminary Ridge and began
the main fight. Governor Curtin was in Philadelphia. He communicated to the
Philadelphia authorities and to the officers of the Pennsylvania Railroad the
principal facts concerning the critical conditions at the State capital and the diffi-
culty of obtaining exact information from the Federal army, now that it was
on the point of contact with the advancing forces of the Confederates. It was at
this time that he made his memorable speech from the balcony of the Continental ;
he exhorted all Philadelphians to spring to arms at once, and some men in after
years recalled it as the most impressive in its earnestness that was heard here
in the course of the war. This was the speech which produced enough enlist-
ments during the next ten hours to make at least five regiments. Before nightfall
the city was in the midst of alarms; all business had come to a standstill, and the
report that Reynolds had fallen caused, for the moment, a profound depression.
Some dispirited citizens doubted whether the Governor would be able to get back
ta the Capitol, and the thought of the possibility that it might be necessary to
set up the State government in Philadelphia entered many minds."
♦Three regiments of Maine troops whose enlistments of nine months had
expired arrived in Philadelphia, homeward bound, on July ist, 1863. While dining
at the Union Volunteer Refreshment Saloon the Rev. Thomas Brainerd and
others appealed to them to remain here and assist in the defence of the city. They
were offered, upon the part of the city authorities, fifty dollars each if they would
stay ten days. A minority of the men and nearly all of the officers were willing
to do so, but the majority refused and all finally departed northward. "Life of Rev.
Thomas Brainerd."
tThe points designated as rendezvous for citizen volunteers were Commis-
sioners' Hall, at Thirteenth and Spring Garden streets; the City Armory, Broad
street, below Race street; the Market House, at Twenty-second and Spring Garden
streets, and Commissioners' Hall, at Thirty-seventh and Market streets. A stirring
instance of the answer made by the people was the appearance of one hundred
workmen at Independence Hall, demanding immediate enrollment. These men were
employed at the establishment of S. V. Merrick & Sons, then engaged upon ma-
chinery for war ships. At this great plant upon Washington Avenue three com-
panies of armed and uniformed infantry from the working force were maintained
by the firm. The volunteers thus mentioned were promptly sworn in, sent to
Harrisburg and became Company K of the 31st Regiment Emergency Infantry.
LOCAL DEFENCES OF 1863
AS a measure of protection against the threatened advance of
the Confederates upon Philadelphia in June, 1863, a Committee
of Defence was authorized by City Councils to establish a num-
ber of redoubts commanding the principal approaches. The po-
sitions of these earthworks were determined by officers of the United
States Coast Survey.* They were placed as follows : On the south side
of Chestnut street, east of the junction of Darby road; upon the east
side of the Schuylkill River, near the U. S. Arsenal; on the west side
of the Schuylkill River, below Gray's Ferry bridge; at the east end
of Girard avenue bridge; at Hestonville, near Lancaster avenue, and
on School House lane, near Ridge road.
The total cost of these defences, as shown by the records of the
City Controller, was $51,537.37. The largest of these works, located
at the Falls of the Schuylkill and known as "Fort Dana," was created
by the gas-works force, and cost only $3,559-47.1
As far as known no guns were mounted, as the danger ended with
the battle of Gettysburg. Several of the redoubts remained for a num-
ber of years after the war, as reminders of the strenuous, and, as some
critics thought, ridiculous, labors of the excited public of the time.
ORGANIZING FOR DEFENCE
THERE was no sufficient interval of time between the call of the
President, upon June 15th, and the clash of the opposed armies
at Gettysburg to carry through the plan of an organized force
of men enlisted to serve six months. The companies report-
ing at Camp Curtin were, therefore, formed upon either an "emergency"
basis (these troops becoming temporarily a part of the National force)
or upon an enlistment of ninety-day militia, the latter serving as State
*The officer in immediate charge of the work was Richard Meade Bache, of
Philadelphia.
tReaders interested in the Civil War chronicles of the old 21st Ward, cover-
ing the Ridge Road Camps and including the Falls of Schuylkill, Manayunk and
Roxborough districts, will find the military history of those sections, prepared by
Dr. Charles K Mills, both accurate and comprehensive. It was printed in serial
form in the Weekly Forecast, published by Ernest E. Carwardine, at the Falls of
the Schuylkill, during the summer of 1913. It is on file at the library of the His-
torical Society of Pennsylvania.
24s
246
troops. The newly created "Department of the Susquehanna" had been
placed under the command of Major-Gen. Darius N. Couch, U. S. A.,
with headquarters at Harrisburg. The handling of the constantly arriv-
ing militia and volunteers was in his charge.
After the battle of Gettysburg the 36th Regiment, ninety-day militia,
was sent to that place, and Col. H. C. Alleman was appointed Military
Governor, with other organizations in, his command. His duty was to
forward wounded and prisoners and gather property from the field. In
his report he stated that, in addition to a great amount of war material,
he had collected from camps and field hospitals twelve thousand and sixty-
one wounded Union soldiers, six thousand one hundred and ninety-seven
wounded Confederates, three thousand and six Confederate prisoners
and large numbers of stragglers. In this work the 51st Regiment, Col.
Oliver Hopkinson, assisted.*
The rapid concentration of the scattered divisions of Hooker by his
successor, Meade, in the pathway of Lee's army was a surprise to the
enemy, and the assemblage of fifty thousand emergency soldiery in re-
serve was a phenomenon.! Although but' one militia regiment had a
part in the battle, the moral effect caused by the gathering of the emer-
gency militia greatly impressed the Southern people and their Northern
allies everywhere.^
Among the many companies formed for local defence or emergency
service in June and July, 1863, were the following:
The Bridesburg Guard, composed chiefly of employees of Alfred Jenks & Son,
Lieutenant Colonel Barton H. Jenks. This fine Battalion made its own muskets
and was uniformed by its commander.
Independent Artillery Company, veterans of the Naval Home.
Gymnast City Guard, Captain Hillebrand. This was the fourth Gymnast
Company raised by this officer.
Independent Infantry Militia, composed of workmen at the Navy Yard.
Independent Battery, Light Artillery Militia, composed of workmen at the
Navy Yard. Captain Wells, U. S. A.
Independent Company of Minute Men from the Baptist churches.
*The official report of Major-Gen. Meade, November, 1863, of the battle of
Gettysburg, indicates the capture of 3 guns, 41 standards, 24,978 small arms and
13,621 prisoners. Union losses were 2,834 killed, 13,709 wounded, 6,643 missing.
fThe State of Pennsylvania furnished for the summer campaign of 1863
thirty-four regiments enlisted for ninety days and about five thousand emergency
men in separate companies and battalions. Very few of these troops died in
action or from wounds, but one hundred and twelve died from sickness.
JOn the 26th of June a militia regiment, which had been recruited and sent to
Gettysburg from Camp Curtin and designated the 26th Emergency Infantry, com-
manded by Col. W. W. Jennings, had been marched out the Chambersburg pike to
delay, if possible, the Confederate advance. This command, numbering 743 men,
encountered a battalion of White's (Confederate) Cavalry four miles from Gettys-
burg. One hundred and seventy-six of the regiment were captured and paroled. The
cavalry was finally repulsed and the 26th marched to Harrisburg. Ex-Governor
Samuel W. Pennypacker was a private in this regiment (page 764, "Pennsylvania
at Gettysburg," Vol. 2).
247
Independent Company Militia from First Presbyterian Church.
Independent City Guards, Capt. William Milward.
Franklin Guards, composed of clerks in the offices of the Pennsylvania Rail-
road and Philadelphia and Reading Railway Companies.
Merrick Guards, from the machine works of Merrick & Sons. On duty at
Harrisburg and at Cumberland, Maryland.
Independent Co., Infantry Militia, William Penn Hose Co.
Hatters' Guards, Capt. Isaac Williams (attached to the Merchants' Regiment).
Schuylkill Arsenal Company, Capt. W. H. Gray.
Russell Light Infantry, Col. William Mayer.
Pennsylvania Veterans (76 soldiers of 1812).
Norris Rifles, Carnell's iron foundry.
Pennsylvania Railroad employees, from Washington Avenue wharf, Capt.
John Whittaker.
United States Mint Company.
Germantown Home Guard, Capt. Marks J. Biddle.
Falls of Schuylkill Company, Capt. John Dobson.
Engineer Corps; students of the Polytechnic College. (Attached to the 3d
Regiment Home Guard, on duty at Dupont Powder Works, Wilmington, Del.)
National League Rifles. Capt. G. C. Steinbach.
Wissahickon Cavalry, Capt. Samuel W. Comly.
EMERQENCY MILITIA FROM PHILADELPHIA, 1863
TWENTIETH REGIMENT MILITIA, INFANTRY.
CotoNei, WnuAM B. Thomas.
971 Officers and Men.
This command was formed from the 3d Regiment of the Philadelphia Home
Guard Brigade. It was composed largely of attaches of the Philadelphia Custom
House. It had served as the 20th Regiment, Emergency Militia, in the Antietam
campaign of 1862. The regiment was mustered into the United States service
upon June 17th, 1863, and assigned to guard duty along the Northern Central Rail-
road, near York, from which it was forced back by the Confederates at Wrights-
ville. Pa. The "20th" joined the "27th" under Col. Jacob G. Frick, the First
Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry and some other commands there fortifying. Having
no artillery, after an engagement Col. Frick's force was obliged to retreat across
the Susquehanna river to Columbia, burning the bridge behind it.* The "20th"
was mustered out upon August loth, 1863. In the following year the regiment again
served for one hundred days as the I92d Infantry Militia, and finally, in 1865, as
the I92d Regiment Infantry Volunteers, under an enlistment of one year.
♦Historical Sketch, First Troop Philadelphia ,City Cavalry.
THIRTY-FIRST REGIMENT MILITIA INFANTRY.
Colonel John Newkumet.
716 Officers and Men.
Companies A, B, C, E and K from Philadelphia.
Mustered into United States service at Harrisburg, June 30th, 1863. Discharged
August 8th, 1863. Service in the Department of the Susquehanna.
248
Company K of this regiment, Capt. James B. German, was composed of work-
men from the establishment of S. V. Merrick & Sons.
THIRTY-THIRD REGIMENT MILITIA INFANTRY (BLUE RESERVES).
Colonel William W. Taylor.
6s4 Officers and Men.
Mustered into United States service at Harrisburg June 26th, 1863. Discharged
August 4th, 1863. Service in the Department of the Susquehanna. This regiment
was generally known as the "Blue Reserves," of the Reserve Brigade. Many of
its members had served in the 8th Regiment, emergency troops of September, 1862.
INDEPENDENT COMPANY MILITIA INFANTRY.
Captain William B. Mann.
100 Officers and Men.
Mustered into United States service at Harrisburg June 17th, 1863. Discharged
July 24th, 1863. Service in the Department of the Susquehanna. This was the first
command from Philadelphia to reach Harrisburg in response to the call of the Gov-
ernor, in June, 1863.
INDEPENDENT COMPANY MILITIA INFANTRY.
Captain John SpEar.
96 Officers and Men.
Mustered into United States service June 17th, 1863. Discharged July 21st, 1863.
Service in Department of the Susquehanna. This command was known as the
"Henry Guards," and was composed of members of the Philadelphia police force.
INDEPENDENT COMPANY INFANTRY MILITIA.
Captain Thomas E. Campbell.
150 Officers and Men.
Mustered into United States service July 2d, 1863. Discharged September l6th,
1863. On duty in Department of the Susquehanna.
INDEPENDENT COMPANY INFANTRY MILITIA.
Captain William F. Rich.
100 Officers and Men.
Mustered into United States service June 29th, 1863. Discharged July 8th, 1863.
INDEPENDENT BATTERY MILITIA LIGHT ARTILLERY.
Captain Henry D. Landis.
108 Officers and Men.
Originally recruited by Captain Clement Biddle as Company A, Home Guard
Regiment of Artillery. This battery was in the field for a short time during the
Antietam emergency. It was mustered into the United States service at Harrisburg
upon June 19th, 1863, "for the emergency." The battery was effectively engaged
in actions at Sporting Hill, a few miles west of Harrisburg, upon June 30th, and
at Carlisle, July 1st, when in the early evening the town was shelled by the Con-
federates. Mustered out July 30th, 1863.
DEFKMCE
OF THE
(in9F)»mAMii»i«ii
Office of the Mayor of the City of PhiMelpUa.
BY VMBTUE OF TBE AVTBOBiTY vested in me, by the Ac* ofdie Gcocral Assembly
of the Commonwealth of Peunsylvnnirt, entitled, "An Act relating to tiie Home Guard of the City of
Philadelphia, Approved the Sixteenth day of May Anno Domini one Ihousaud eight hundred and
•ixty one.
I do hereby require Brigadier General A. J. PLBASONTON, Coniminuler of the HOME
GUARD, to order out (and into tlie service of the City of PliiladelnliiiO THE WHOLE OF THE SilD GBAHII,
for the preservation of the public peace AND THE DEFENCE OF THE CITT. And I hereby
call upon all persons within the limits of the said City, to yield a PROMPT ADD HEADY OBEDIENCK to the
Orders of the said Commander of the HOME GUAKD, and of those actins under his authority in
the execution of his and their said duties.
/n wttneaa whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused' the Corporate Seal of the City
of Philadelphia, to be aflixed, this sixteenth day of June, A. D., one thousand eight hundred and
(ixty-three.
ALEXANDER HENRY,
Mayor of Philadelphia.
BEFORE GETTYSBURG, THE HOME GUARD ON DUTY.
(From a war time poster.)
HEAD-QUAKTEBS, HOME GUABD, CITY OF PHILADELPHIA,
June 16th, 1863.
V.^?"T.?^* authority of an Act of the General Assembly of (he Gommonn-ealth of Pennsylvania,
entitled " An Act relating to the Home Guard of the City of Philadelphia," approved the sixteenth
tS'^tS' A?'!?,A"."iJ?S'°'1!j"''* thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, and of the requirement of the
HON. ALEXANDEK HENKY, Mayor of the City made pursuant thereto, and hereto prefixed,
the undersigned assumes the duties "FOR THK fRESHlViTIOH 0? THE PUBLIC PEACE IM THE DEFENCE OF THE CUT."
He Invites the support and cooperation of Us fellow-citizens, and of all the Authorities,
I^ational, State and municipal, in Ike perforaiance of bis responsible duties.
A. J. PLEASONTOnr,
Wm. BRADFORD, Brigadier General Commanding in Philadelphia.
Assistant A^ntant OeneraL — e.Ti-ii.T.r»Tsfsi.ii
rt&w^
AT FIFTH AND CHESTNUT STREETS, JUNE, 1863.
(From Frank Leslie's Weekly.)
249
INDEPENDENT BATTERY MILITIA LIGHT ARTILLERY.
Captain E. Spencbr Miller.
102 Officers and Men.
Having been mustered into the United States service upon June igth, 1863,
"for the emergency," this battery was forwarded from Harrisburg to Chambersburg
with a column under Brigadier-General Joseph F. Knipe. Retreating before the
superior numbers of the enemy to Carlisle, the command was engaged in disputing
the approach of Ewell's Confederates toward Harrisburg. At Oyster Point, a few
miles west irom the State capital, the battery with its infantry support turned back
the invading column. This affair, upon June 28th, 1863, was the most northerly point
of conflict in the Civil War. The battery was mustered out July 2Sth, 1863.
FIRST TROOP PHILADELPHIA CITY CAVALRY.
Captain Samuel J. Randall.
75 Officers and Men.
With thousands of soldiers hastening to the Susquehanna river, the "First
Troop" entrained upon June i8th, 1863, at Mantua and proceeded to Harris-
burg. Two days later the troop was engaged in scouting upon the roads in the
vicinity of Gettysburg, encountering, at several points, advance parties of the
enemy. As the Confederates increased in force the Union advance retreated. The
troop passed through York to Columbia, but again recrossed the bridge at that
point, and after a skirmish with the enemy retreated, with the small Union force
present, across the Susquehanna. A detail of four troopers set fire to the bridge,
which was almost entirely destroyed. Upon the 2d a detachment of the troop
crossed the river upon scows and rode to York, there learning of the battle of
Gettysburg. From July i6th to 30th the troop was upon provost duty at Phila-
delphia.*
NINETY-DAY MILITIA FROM PHILADELPHIA, I863t
THIRTY-SECOND REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA NINETY-DAY MILITIA
(GRAY RESERVES), 1863. GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.
Colonel Charles Somers Smith.
894 Offiers and Men.
The 1st Regiment, Infantry Militia (Gray Reserves) reported at Harrisburg
upon the evening of June i8th, 1863. Mustered June 26th, tiie "ist" became, for
the time being, the "32d" Regriment, Ninety-Day Militia, United States Service.
The command assisted in the defence of Harrisburg, at Fort Washington, upon
the high western shore of the Susquehanna river. The "32d" reached Carlisle upon
*The expense borne by the troop in this campaign for equipping and other
essentials was $6,500.
_ tAll the Ninety-Day regiments of militia of 1863 were mustered into the
United States service "for the defence of the State of Pennsylvania."
2SO
the evening of July ist, 1863, accompanied by Landis' Battery, being subjected to
an artillery fire for several hours from a Confederate battery. One casualty
occurred in the "32d." Private Charles W. CoUaday, of Company D, was fatally
wounded by the fragment of a shell. This soldier is said to have been killed at a
point farther north than where any other Union volunteer fell during the war.
None of the Philadelphia troops of the "Ninety-Day" enlistment were present
at Gettysburg. The "32d" was ordered, with the brigade of Gen. Brisbane, upon
a tour of the South Mountain, in Maryland, and the lower Shenandoah Valley,
returning to Philadelphia upon July 27th, where the command was mustered out
August 1st.
FORTIETH REGIMENT INFANTRY, NINETY-DAY MILITIA.
Colonel Alfred M. Day.
700 Officers and Men.
Mustered into the United States service at Harrisburg, July ist, 1863. Dis-
charged, August 3d-4th, 1863. On duty Department of the Susquehanna. This com-
mand was known as the "First Coal Trade Regiment.''
The Coal Trade of Philadelphia uniformed and armed the 40th and 51st Regi-
ments of 1863, and paid a bounty of $25.00 to each recruit.
FORTY-FOURTH REGIMENT INFANTRY, NINETY-DAY MILITIA.
Colonel Enos Woodward.
1,000 Officers and Men.
Mustered in the United States service July ist., 1863. Discharged August 27th,
1863. On duty Department of the Susquehanna. This command was designated
"The Merchants' Regiment."
FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT INFANTRY, NINETY-DAY MILITIA.
Colonel James T. Clancy.
Mustered into United States service July ist, 1863. Discharged, August 29th,
1863. On duty Department of the Susquehanna. This command was designated the
"First Union League Regiment."
FORTY-NINTH REGIMENT INFANTRY, NINETY-DAY MILITIA.
Colonel Alexander Murphy.
950 Officers and Men.
Company A and part of Company B from Washington Grays, Company E
from Luzerne, Pa.; Company K from Lancaster. Mustered into the United States
Service July 14th, 1863. Discharged September 2d-3d, 1863. On duty Department
of the Susquehanna. (Second Corn Exchange Regiment.)
FIFTY-FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY, NINETY-DAY MILITIA.
Colonel Oliver Hopkinson.
783 Officers and Men.
Mustered into United States service July 3d, 1863. Discharged September 2d,
1863. On duty Department of the Susquehanna. This regiment was ordered to
Gettysburg following the battle, and assisted in the work of removing the wounded,
burying the dead and guarding the military material left upon the field. This com-
mand was known as the "Second Coal Trade Regiment."
251
FIFTY-SECOND REGIMENT INFANTRY, NINETY-DAY MILITIA.
CotoNEi, William A. Gray.
716 Officers and Men.
Mustered into the United States service July 9th, 1863. Discharged September
1st, 1863. On duty at Philadelphia. This command was known as the "Second
Union League Regiment."
FIFTY-NINTH REGIMENT INFANTRY, NINETY-DAY MILITIA.
CoLONEi, George P. McLean.
718 Officers and Men.
Mustered into United States service July ist, 1863. Discharged September 9th,
1863. On duty at Philadelphia. This command was known as the "Third Union
League Regiment."
SIXTIETH REGIMENT INFANTRY, NINETY-DAY MILITIA.
Colonel William F. Small.
361 Officers and Men.
Mustered into United States service June 19th, 1863. Discharged September
8th, 1863. On duty at Philadelphia. This command was known as the "Victualers'
Regiment."
INDEPENDENT COMPANY CAVALRY, PENNSYLVANIA NINETY-DAY
MILITIA.
Captain Richard W. Hammell.
104 Officers and Men.
Mustered into United States service July 2d, 1863. Discharged September i6th,
1863. On duty in the anthracite region of Pennsylvania. This command was known
as the "Dana Troop," and was organized largely from late members of the "An-
derson" Cavalry, under the direction of a committee of the Union League.
INDEPENDENT BATTERY LIGHT ARTILLERY, NINETY-DAY MILITIA.
Captain Benoni Frishmuth.
104 Officers and Men.
Mustered into United States service June 26th, 1863. Discharged August ist,
1863. On duty Department of the Susquehanna.
INDEPENDENT BATTERY LIGHT ARTILLERY, NINETY-DAY MILITIA.
Captain Edward Fitzki.
143 Officers and Men.
Mustered into United States service July 6th, 1863. Discharged August 24th,
1863. On duty Department of the Susquehanna.
MONUMENTS, MARKERS AND TABLETS AT GETTYSBURG
Indicating positions of Philadelphia Regiments and Batteries.
INFANTRI
Begiment.
Brigade.
Corps.
Location.
2d Res.
MeCandless
5
6
6
3
11
11
12
12
12
12
1
6
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
11
11
11
11
11
2
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
6
6
6
8
3
2
2
2
12
3
3
3
3
2
E
6
5
6
6
1
1
12
12
1
1
Ayres ave.. East Wheat Field.
Big Round Top.
Slocum ave.. North Culp's Hill.
Emmitsburg road. North of Sickles ave.
Coster ave.
East Cemetery Hill.
Slocum ave.. North Gulp's Hill.
(Marker) Rock Creek, east of Culp's Hill.
Slocum ave.. North Culp's Hill.
Slocum ave.. South Culp's Hill.
North Reynolds ave.
Neill ave.. Wolf HIU.
Peach Orchard.
Wheat Field road, opposite Peach Orchard.
Webb ave.. Stone Fence, The Angle.
(Company markers) Webb ave.. Stone Pence,
Angle.
Webb ave.. Stone Fence, The Angle.
Webb ave.. Stone Fence, The Angle.
Webb ave., north of Copse of Trees.
East Cemetery Hill.
West Howard ave.
(Markers) National Cemetery.
East Howard ave.
National Cemetery.
Sickles ave.. Wheat Field.
Slocnm ave.. North Culp's Hill.
Doubleday ave.. Oak Ridge.
(Marker) Forney Field. Oak Ridge.
(Marker) North Hancock ave., Ziegler's Grove.
(Marker) South Hancock ave.
Doubleday ave.. Oak Ridge.
North Hancock ave., Ziegler's Grove.
(Boulder) South Hancock ave.
(Howell Tablet) Chambersburg Street Luth
Church.
Sykes ave., Summit Little Round Top.
Wheat Field road, north of Valley of Death.
Field north of Valley of Death.
Sykes ave., north slope Little Bound Top.
Sickles ave.. Devil's Den Hill.
North Hancock ave.
Hancock ave., near Copse of Trees.
Emmitsburg road, Oodori Buildings.
(Marker) East Cemetery Hill.
Slocum are.. South Gulp's Hill.
Brooke ave.. southwest of Wheat Field.
Emmitsburg road, Sberty House.
Central Hancock ave., east of The Angle.
Brooke ave.. South Wheat Field.
Sickles ave., at The Loop.
Sickles ave., at The Loop (first position).
(Marker) Wheat Field road (second position).
North slope of Bound Top (third position).
Howe ave., east of Round Top.
North slope of Bound Top.
South Beynolds ave.
Central Hancock ave.
Geary ave.. South Gulp's Hill.
(Marker) Sykes ave., north slope of Little Bo
Top.
Stone ave., MePherson Ridge.
Central Hancock ave.
12th Res.
23
Fisher (9 companies)
Shaler
26
27
27
28
Carr.. _.
Coster
Candv
28
29
do
29
56
61
68
do
Cutler (9 companies).
Neill ...
68
69
69
71
72
72
73
do
Webb .
do
"IllldoIIIIIIIIIIIII"
do
The
74
Ampherfi; _,„ i
74
76
75
81
82
88
do ..
Krzyzanowski .
do
Cross
Shaler
Baxter
88
88
88
90
90
90
90
91
do
do ^..
do.
do
do
do
Weed
eran
95
Bartlett
98
Nevin .
98
99
99
106
106
106
109
110
do
Ward .,
Webb--.".V.".V-V.".V.V."i
do
do
Kane .
De Trobriand (6 com-
Danlea)
114
Graham
114
115
do
116
118
Kelly (4 companies) .j
Tilton
118
118
119
119
121
do
do
Russell
do
Blddle
121
147
147
do
Candy (8 companies)
150
160
Stone
do
252
Provost guard.
Mcintosh
do
Merritt
Companies E and I-
Huey
Gregg, J. Irvin-
Pamsworth
General
Head-
quarters.
Cavalry.,
—do
...do
General
Head-
quarters.
Cavalry..
...do
...do
OAVALBT
Meade ave.
Gregg ave.. East Cavalry battlefield.
Marker on Low Dutch road, extreme right. Army
of the Potomac.
Emmltsburg road, 1% miles south ol Peach Orchard.
Meade ave., Meade's Headquarters.
Fleasanton ave.
Deardorfl Farm, on right flank.
Confederate ave., Bushman Woods.
AKTILLEET
Battery.
Commander.
Corps.
Location.
1 (P and G)
Eicketts
Eeserve
12
n
East Cemetery Hill.
Slofiiim ave.. North Culp's Hill. (Section.)
Powers' Hill.
e: ....
Knap
E
do..
MARKERS OF BRIGADES, ARMY OF THE POTOMAC (INDICATING
POSITIONS OF BRIGADES, WHICH INCLUDED PHILADELPHIA
TROOPS).
INPANTET
Brigade.
Divi-
sion.
Corps.
Commander.
Location.
2
1
2
3
3
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
3
1
1
I
2
3
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
8
3
S
S
6
6
6
6
11
22
12
Butler .
North Reynolds ave.
2.
]
Biddle
Reynolds ave., south ol Springs road.
2
1.
2
Cross
Kelly.
Ayres ave. , center.
2
Webb -
Ward .
DeTrobriand
Hancoclr ave.. at The Angle.
2
3 .
sickles ave., Wheatfleld.
1
3
3. .
1_
McCandless
Ayres ave,. Center.
2
3
2
3
Nevin
Ooster
1
Ooster ave., center.
2
Krzyzanowslri
Kane —
2
OAVALET
Brigade.
Divi-
sion.
Corps.
Commander.
Location.
Eeserve
1
2
2
2
3
Cavalry..
Cavalry..
Cavalry..
Cavalry-
Cavalry..
Merritt .
Emmltsburg road. South Oavalry Field,
1- .
Mcintosh -
East Oavalry battlefield.
2 ,
3.i.
J. I. Gregg
Famsworth.. _— - -
Near Hanover road. East Oavalry battlefield.
1
Section 6, Confederate ave.
254
Location of Monuments
placed upon
Gettysburg Battlefield
by
Philadelphia
Regiments and Batteries
255
MONUMENTS AND MARKERS ERECTED BY THE GETTYSBURG
NATIONAL PARK COMMISSION.
Brevet Lieut.-Col. John P. Nicholson, Chairman.
Army of the Potomac Monument, Hancock Avenue, at the Angle.
corps of the abmt op the potomac
Corps.
CommandeT.
Location.
1
EeynoWs ave., south of Chambersburg pike.
2... „ .
Hancock
3
Sickles
5
Sykes
Little Bound Top, north slope.
Sedgwick ave., north of center.
6
Sedgwick-
11
12
R]ni»nTn
Slocum ave., south slope Gulp's Hill.
Pleasanton ave.
Cavalry
Plcasonton -
DrVISIONS, AEMT OP THE POTOMAC
Division.
Corps.
Commander.
Location.
]
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
5
5
5
6
6
6
11
11
11
12
12
Oavalry-.
do
- do
Wadsworth
Beynolds ave., north of Chambersburg pike.
2
3 .
Reynolds ave., north of Springs road.
I
OaldweU .
2
Gibbon j
3 J
Hays J
1
Bimey
2
Do.
2
2-II~IIIIII
do
Barnes
Sickles ave,, south of Emmitsburg road.
Sickles- ave., south of Wheatfleld road.
Knoll east of Ayres ave.
Crawford ave., near Plum Bun.
3
Crawford _
1- -
2
Wright J
Sedgwick ave., south of center.
3
Wheaton j
Barlow ..
Steinwehr
Sedgwick ave.
Howard ave., foot of Barlow Knoll.
Baltimore pike, opposite National Cemetery Gate.
Howard ave., west of Mummasburg road.
1
2
3 .
Schurz
1-
2
1_
Buford J
Gregg
Kilnatrick
Reynolds ave., near Beynolds Woods.
East Cavalry Pield, on Gregg ave.
2
3
Artillery
Beserve.
Tyler
South end, Pleasanton ave.
ARMY AF THE POTOMAC ITINERARY TABLETS.
Nine bronze tablets, Baltimore pike, front of
East Cemetery Hill.
Iron tablets:
June 29, 1863, Uniontown, Md.
June 29. 1863, Middleburg, Md.
June 29 and July 3, 1863, Westminster, Md.
June 30 and July 1, 1863, Hanover, Pa.
June 80 and July 1, 1863, Taneytown, Md.
Iron tablets— Continued:
June 30 and July 3, 1863, Manchester, Md.
July 1, 1863, Emmitsburg, Md.
July 1 and 7, 1863, Two Taverns, Pa.
July 2, 1363, Hunterstown, Pa.
July 5, 1863, Littlestown, Pa.
July 6. 1863, Pairfleld, Pa.
2S6
OTHER MONUMENTS OF SPECIAL INTEREST TO PHILADELPHIANS.
The National Monument National Cemetery.
Pennsylvania Memorial Hancock avenue (south section).
Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, Memorial .. National Cemetery.
"High Water Mark", (bronze book) Hancock avenue (copse of trees).
Maj.-Gen. George Gordon Meade Eques-
trian Statue Near High Water Mark.
Major-Gen. Winfield S. Hancock Eques-
trian Statue East Cemetery Hill.
Major-Gen. John F. Reynolds Equestrian
Statue Chambersburg Pike, McPherson Ridge.
Major-Gen. John F. Reynolds, statue. .. National Cemetery.
Major-Gen. John F. Reynolds (killed) .. Marker, Reynolds Grove.
Col. C. Fred. Taylor (killed) Marker, Ayres avenue.
Headquarters, Major-Gen. George Gordon
Meade Meade avenue and Taneytown Road.
Gregg's Cavalry Division, Monumental
Shaft East Cavalry battlefield.
U. S. Regulars' Monument Hancock avenue, south of High Water
Mark.
QETTYSBURQ— 1913
I
N the week beginning Sunday, June 30th,
1913, forty thousand survivors of the
Union armies met eleven thousand Con-
federate veterans, sharing with them, in
peace and amity, in the semi-centennial celebra-
tion of the Battle at Gettysburg. It was an
event unique in the history of human affairs.
As a renewed affirmation of the principle of
national sovereignty, as superior to that of any
subordinate part, by a now invincible free people,
it was of world-wide importance. Conceding all
honor and valor to the veterans of the Southern
cause, conceding nothing at variance with the
immortal sentences spoken there by Abraham
Lincoln, the soldiers of the North took the gray
Confederates to their hearts and together they
wrote a new and enduring pact and sealed it
with the red seal of that field of fields; and
where these men, once armed enemies, now com-
rades under one flag, stood face to face, their aged bodies young once
more with patriotic ecstasy, a great temple will arise, and on its walls
of marble and bronze will be recited the last chapter of the story which
257
began at Sumter. Those who were thus briefly gathered must soon pass
to their eternal bivouac, but centuries hence the message to posterity
here and then written will stir the souls and inspire the united action
of all patriots when our country is endangered from abroad or threatened
by dictators from within.
SEMUCENTENNIAL REUNION AT GETTYSBURG, JULY 1st
TO JULY 4th, 1913
THE movement which culminated in the great and impressive
gathering of Union and Confederate veterans upon the field
of Gettysburg, in celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the
battle at that place, originated at a meeting of citizens of
Gettysburg invited by Col. John P. Nicholson, Chairman of the U. S.
Gettysburg Battlefield Commission, held for the discussion of the pro-
ject on the evening of September 8th, 1908. At a subsequent meeting
held in the Court House a local committee was organized.
The Fiftieth Anniversary Commission of the Battle of Gettysburg
was created by the Pennsylvania Legislature pursuant to an enactment
adopted May 13th, 1909.
The Pennsylvania Legislature appropriated the sum of $150,000 for
the purposes of the celebration and the United States Government pro-
vided a like sum. The details of the preparatory work and the main-
tenance of the Camp were under the control of the War Department.
Subsistence was furnished by the State of Pennsylvania. Representa-
tive veterans of nearly all of the States attended the several meetings of
the Pennsylvania Commission, their reports resulting in appropriations
by the several Commonwealths, with few exceptions, providing for the
cost of transportation of veterans to the celebration and return to their
homes. The officers of the United States Army detailed to establish
the camp, the Pennsylvania Commission, the Commissions of the other
States, the Gettysburg Battlefield Commission, the Grand Army of the
Republic, the Confederate veteran associations and the citizens of
Gettysburg co-operated in a common purpose, to make the event memor-
able.
The number of veterans of the two armies who were gathered here
during the week of beginning June 29th, 1913, is estimated to have been
55,000. Many thousands of civilians were also attracted to the field.
The detail of four troops of the 15th U. S. Cavalry posted here for
guard duty was materially assisted in the care and guidance of the old
17
258
soldiers by a large detachment of boy-scouts from Philadelphia and by
a portion of the State police force. An extensive system of field
hospitals so thoroughly safeguarded the aged guests of the State and
nation that the number of deaths during the week (nine) was below the
normal average. The railroads transported the vast assemblage to and
fro with but little delay and without accident.
The members of the Battle of Gettysburg Commission: at the date
of the encampment were Col. J. M. Schoonmaker, Chairman; Brevet
Brig.-Gen. William D. Dixon, Brevet Col. R. Bruce Ricketts, Corporal
Irvin K. Campbell, Capt. William E. Miller, Capt. George F. Baer, Capt.
John P. Green; Secretary, Lieut.-Col. Lewis E. Beitler.
Of the original Commission Col. Lewis T. Brown, Adjt. William
Penn Lloyd and Major Alexander McDowell died before the period
of the celebration. Gen. Louis Wagner, the first chairman, Capt.
J. Richards Boyle, D.D., the first Secretary, and Gen. R. Dale Benson
resigned.
The vast encampment was planned by Brevet Lieut.-Col. Emmor B.
Cope, Engineer U. S. Commission. It was established ready for occu-
pancy by Major James E. Normoyle, U. S. A., and Capt. H. F. Dalton,
U. S. A., of the Quartermaster's Department. The U. S. Cavalry was
in command of Major Charles O. Rhoades, U. S. A.
Lincoln's Gettysburg Address Memorial
T
JULY 4th, 1863
HE late Henry Armitt Brown, Esq., speaking ten years after
the event, thus described the suspense of the people of Phila-
delphia while awaiting messages from the scene of conflict on
July 4th, 1863.
"It was the Nation's birthday, but there was no rejoicing. No sounds filled the
streets save the rattling of the hurrying wagons and the rapid tramp of marching
men. The frightened women gathered in the houses and 'muttered with white
lips.' Men talked on the corners in hushed and anxious crowds. The air grew
sultry and still. Suspense hung over all as in that breathless moment before the
breaking of a storm. Sullenly the great sun sank behind' the western hills round
as a shield and as red as blood. Men hurried to their homes, but not to sleep. On a
sudden there came a sound. Like the rushing of the cooling breeze it grew louder
and more loud. The people ran into the streets to clasp each other by the hand.
The clamor of many voices rose into the air as wild crowds jostled to and fro,
with shouts and rejoicing, only half knowing why. Then, from yon ancient steeple,
rang out the long familiar bell. The whole city was frenzied with delight. Rousing
herself, Philadelphia held her breath to hear how our own Meade had stood like a
lion between her and the foe as the wave of rebellion broke into spray and receded
from the heights of Gettysburg."
Far westward, among Pennsylvania's hills, the red sun went down.
In the stillness of a deserted battlefield men with lanterns and litters
were busy garnering the winrows of death. Slowly the long trains,
heavy with shattered survivors of yesterday, crept hitherward, and on
the morrow Philadelphia knew the price of her defence.
THE ELLETS AND THE MISSISSIPPI RAM FLEET
CHARLES M. ELLET, Jr., of Philadelphia, was, prior to the
Civil War, a civil engineer. Two of his important achievements
were the construction of the once famous wire bridge across the
Schuylkill River at Fairmount and the first suspension bridge at
Niagara Falls. To his fertile mind was due the idea of employing ram
steamers upon the Mississippi River and its tributaries for the purpose
of destroying the inland navy of the enemy. He argued the project so
strongly at Washington that he was given a commission as colonel of
engineers in March, 1862, in order to try the experiment. At Pittsburgh
and other pointfe on the Ohio River he rebuilt nine steamers. A portion
of the several crews were enlisted in Philadelphia. Detachments of
259
26o
sharpshooters were also placed upon the boats, these being volunteers from
Illinois regiments under the command of Capt. Alfred M. EUet. Col.
Ellet was mortally wounded in a brilliant naval battle at Memphis, June
6th, 1862. His son, Charles Rivers Ellet, a young physician, then became
fleet commander, acting under orders of Admiral Farragut. The vicissi-
tudes of the service undermined his health and he died at Bunker Hill,
111., October 29th, 1863, in his twenty-first year. Father and son rest in
Laurel Hill Cemetery. To their bravery and resource was largely due the
end of Confederate power on the lower Mississippi River.*
PHILADELPHIA COMPANIES ENLISTED IN REGIMENTS OF
OTHER STATES
AT a period when it became necessary to enforce drafts in order
to fill quotas, serious differences existed between the city au-
thorities and the Government officials, stationed in Philadel-
phia, with regard to the credits due the city upon the numbers
of men already serving in the national armies. Apropos of this, a special
committee of Councils, of which Joseph Sites was chairman (in charge
of the City Relief Fund for the families of soldiers), reported: "We are
furnishing relief to about two thousand families of soldiers enlisted in
other States. As the average of those seeking relief is one in three, it
is estimated that six thousand Philadelphia men are thus serving in regi-
ments of other States."
In the early summer of 1861 notices of the departure of detach-
ments of men for New York City and elsewhere outside of the State
of Pennsylvania were very frequent in the Philadelphia papers. Ardent
seekers for military glory, witnessing the march of New York troops
through the city, hastened to offer their services where there seemed
a better prospect of getting to the front. Officers of local companies,
tired of delay in the process of acceptance and muster here, took their
men where they were eagerly accepted. Philadelphia was already a
fertile ground for recruiting agents from adjoiriing States and continued
to be so until it finally became unlawful for outside agents to pick up
recruits in this community, t
*The Mississippi Marine Brigade, afterward organized to patrol the western
rivers, was a separate force of 2,000 men manning a fleet of eight vessels commanded
by Gen. Alfred M. Ellet. (History of the Nat. Asso. of Naval Veterans, Simmons.)
tBy an ordinance of Councils dated July 14th, 1864, the Mayor was authorized
to enforce in the city an Act of the Assembly to punish agents recruiting men for
military organizations of other States.
EASTERN TROOPS TO THE ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND
w;
'ITH the opening of the third year of the
war, upon, January 2d, 1863, came news of the
battle of Murfreesboro (or Stone's River),
an obscure railroad point in Tennessee
about fifty miles northwest from Chattanooga, where
the Confederate Gen. Bragg had his chief base of
supplies. This battle attracted but little attention
in the East, where the public were absorbed in watch-
ing the course of events in Virginia and upon the At-
lantic coast. The only Pennsylvania regiments en-
gaged at Stone's River with the large Federal force
assembled there under Major-Gen. W. S. Rosecrans
were the 77th, 78th, 79th and Both Infantry, and the
7th and part of the 15th Cavalry. Eastern troops
were few in the western armies, while, upon the con-
trary, western commands were numerous in the Army
of the Potomac. At the battle of Fredericksburg,
twenty-one western regiments participated, and at
Gettysburg the western States (not including West
Virginia) were represented by twent)'--six regiments
and four batteries. The East felt that the West was
abundantly able to take care of its own share of the war. It was
distinctly a surprise and a shock, therefore, when, on September 23d,
1863, twenty thousand picked troops were suddently taken from the
Army of the Potomac and hurried westward, under Gen. Hooker, to
Chattanooga.* The troops transferred were the Eleventh and Twelfth
Corps, which now became a part of the Twentieth Corps, t The isth
Pennsylvania Cavalry, largely composed of Philadelphians, was, up to
this time, with the exception of the 7th Cavalry and 9th Veteran Volun-
teer Cavalry, the only command in the Army of the Cumberland which
was of local interest. This regiment, commanded by Col. William J.
Palmer, was attached to the Second Division of the Fourteenth Army
Corps. The regiments arriving with Hooker, wholly or partly of Phila-
delphia volunteers, were the 27th, 28th, 29th, 73d, 75th, 109th, iiith
and 147th Infantry, and Knap's Ind. Battery E.
The result of the sanguinary battle of Chickamauga, fought Sep-
*Of the forty-nine regiments, one company of infantry and seven batteries in
the Hooker movement, thirty-five regiments, one company and three batteries were
from the eastern States.
tUnder General Order No. 72, dated March 24th, 1863, the original Twentieth
Army Corps was consolidated with the Twenty-first Corps to form the Fourth
Corps, which was placed in command of Major-Gen. Gordon Granger.
261
262
tember 19th, 1863, was to "bottle up" the forty thousand men under
Rosecrans at Chattanooga. This city is located upon a picturesque bend
of the Tennessee River, and is dominated by the lofty cliffs of Lookout
Mountain, and the heights of Mission (or Missionary) Ridge. Gen.
Bragg had occupied these points of vantage as well as the approaches
with a superior force, and had sat down, contentedly, to starve out the
Federals. Major-General Hooker's errand was to correct this condition
of things.
Upon October i6th, 1863, the several western departments of the
army were consolidated into the "Military Division of the Mississippi,"
and Major-General U. S. Grant was placed in command. His immediate
subordinates were Major-General William T. Sherman and Major-Gen-
eral George H. Thomas. The dramatic events which subsequently trans-
pired in the vicinity of Chattanooga and later upon Gen. Sherman's
famous march, "one hundred thousand strong," are outlined in the stories
of these regiments and that of the 15th Cavalry.
The following memorials stand in testimony of the services rendered
by the Philadelphia troops in the vicinity of Chattanooga.
27th Pennsylvania Infantry, Monument, Orchard Kjiob.
28th Pennsylvania Infantry, Monument on slope of Lookout Mountain.
29th Pennsylvania Infantry, Tablet, palisade of Lookout Mountain.
73d Pennsylvania Infantry, Monument, Missionary Ridge, near tunnel.
7Sth Pennsylvania Infantry, Monument, Orchard Knob.
109th Pennsylvania Infantry, Monument, Orchard Knob.
147th Pennsylvania Infantry, Monument, near Craven House, Lookout Mountain,
gth Pennsylvania Cavalry, Monument, near Glenn House, Chickamauga National
Park.
iSth Pennsylvania Cavalry, Monument, Dyer House, Chickamauga National Park.
Knap's Battery E, Monument, Orchard Knob.
THE UNITED STATES SANITARY COMMISSION
BY far the most beneficent of the many civilian organizations
formed for the help of the soldiers and alleviation of their suf-
ferings through the Civil War was the United States Sanitary
Commission, which originated with a group of ladies in New
York City, led by the Rev. Henry W. Bellows. This association was
given official status by the Secretary of War upon June 8th, 1861. The
members of the United States Sanitary Commission were: Rev. Henry
W. Bellows, Chairman; Prof. A. D. Bache, Chief of the U. S. Coast
Survey; Prof. Jeffries Wyman; W. H. Van Buren; R. C. Wood, Sur-
geon-General; Gen. G. W. Cullom, of Gen. Scott's Staff, and Alexander
263
Shiras. Branches of the Commission were formed in every large northern
city. Large sums of money were constantly placed at the disposal of the
officers, coming especially from the Pacific Coast. The officials and
committees toiled without pay. The Sanitary Commission undertook to
handle and forward supplies and comforts to the men at the front, and
to assist, by every humane means, in the relief work among the wounded
after the great battles. A general hospital directory was published by
a Bureau of Information, located at Washington, in order to enable
friends and relatives to find soldiers in the army hospitals. A claim
agency and pension agency were maintained without cost to the soldiers.
More than forty Soldiers' Homes were established, having a daily
average of twenty-three hundred inmates. Sixty hospital inspectors con-
stantly visited every portion of the army. Hospital trains were operated
over the railroads, and hospital vessels upon the seas. As far as pos-
sible the Commission supplied food, medicine and clothing to the prisoners
of war held in the South.
It is stated by Lossing, the historian of the Civil War, that the
Commission handled gratuitious supplies valued at $15,000,000 and
money to the amount of over $5,000,000.
In Philadelphia the local branch, located at 1307 Chestnut street,
received cash and supplies to the amount of $1,565,377, eighty per cent,
of which was expended outside of the city.
In connection with the battle of Gettysburg the Sanitary Commission
expended, in field work, $75,000. The outlay often exceeded $20,000
per diem. The local Commission provided a "lodge" at Thirteenth and
Christian streets for the temporary subsistence and shelter of soldiers.
In aid of the Sanitary Commission great fairs were held in New
York City, Brooklyn, Chicago, Boston, Albany, Buffalo, Cleveland, Pitts-
burgh, St. Louis, Cincinnati, Baltimore, Washington and Philadelphia.
In the spring of 1864 the Sanitary Commission projected the
Sanitary Fair at Philadelphia, which was opened upon Logan Square
on June 7th. The buildings, which were constructed in forty working
days, enclosed many of the trees. The main building extended through
the center of the square, from Eighteenth to Nineteenth street, and was
of Gothic arch design, 540 feet long and 60 feet wide. Single floor
buildings extended around the four sides of the square, and were con-
nected by corridors with the central feature called "Union Avenue."* A
splendid loan collection of paintings filled the northern corridor. A
great variety of displays and amusement features were provided. Presi-
dent Lincoln attended the Fair upon June i6th, accompanied by Mrs.
Lincoln. The Fair was open two weeks. The cost of the undertaking
*The Art Gallery was kept open to July 6th, when a sale of contributed
drawings and paintings was held. During July the buildings were used as bar-
racks for three thousand convalescents gathered to assist in repelling the then
threatening Confederate advance into Maryland and Pennsylvania.
264
was largely derived from popular subscription, and the enterprise netted
the Sanitary Commission $1,046,859-*
The New Jersey and Delaware Branches of the Sanitary Commission
worked nobly to assist in this splendid result.
The Executive Committee of the United States Sanitary Commission,
Local Branch of Philadelphia, was composed of Horace Binney, Jr.,
Chairman ; Matthew W. Baldwin, Rev. H. A. Boardman, John C. Cres-
son, J. I. Clark Hare, Samuel Powell, Thomas T. Tasker, Edward
Hartshorne, Caleb Cope, R. M. Lewis, Charles J. Stille, Fairman Rogers,
S. Vaughan Merrick and William M. Tilghman.
The Women's Pennsylvania Branch of the United States Sanitary
Commission was organized on February 2Sth, 1863. The special work
of this auxiliary was the relief of soldiers' dependents and the gathering
of supplies for the men in the field, t
The officers were Mrs. Caleb Cope, President and Treasurer; Mrs.
R. M. Lewis, Secretary. Executive Committee : Mrs. M. B. Grier, Mrs.
George Plitt, Mrs. Bloomfield Moore, Mrs. B. Griffith, Mrs. Wm. H.
Furniss, Mrs. D. Samuel, Mrs. J. Edgar Thompson, Mrs. Joseph R.
Chandler, Miss S. Dunlap, Mrs. Lathrop, Mrs. C. J. Stille, Mrs. T. A.
Budd, Mrs. R. M. Lewis, Mrs. M. M. Duane and Mr. Philip P. Randolph.
THE CHRISTIAN COMMISSION
UPON November 15th, 1861, delegates from fourteen branches
of the Young Men's Christian Association met in New York
City and organized the Christian Commission, electing George
H. Stuart, a distinguished citizen of Philadelphia, as permanent
chairman. The city, therefore, became the center of a national movement
for the moral and spiritual welfare of the soldiers. Of the nearly five
thousand agents of the Commission, eventually sent to the army every-
where, the first group was composed of fourteen members of the Phila-
delphia Y. M. C. A.
For a long period the Government army officers and many of the
chaplains tolerated, but did not heartily assist, the Commission's agents.
*A blank book, known as the "Record of Honor," was kept at the Sanitary
Fair, wherein the friends and relatives of soldiers were permitted to write of
their deeds of personal bravery. It was understood that this book was to be de-
posited at the Philadelphia Library, but it was probably lost.
tThe iinal report of the United States Sanitary Commission of January ist,
1866, included an estimate showing that Philadelphia furnished during the war
a total of 150,000 men. This was evidently based largely on surmise.
GOVERNMENT LABORATORY.
N, E, Corner of Sixth and Jeflferson Streets.
U. S. NAVAL HOSPITAL AND HOME.
265
Authority to visit and work among the soldiers was officially given
in some instances, and refused or revoked in others. Along with its
moral propaganda the Commission began to provide material comforts,
especially to the sick and wounded in the hospitals. In November, 1863,
an arrangement was effected with the Confederate authorities which
enabled the Commission to send food, medicine and clothing to the Union
prisoners confined at Richmond. It was not until September, 1864, that
an order was signed by General U. S. Grant giving the representatives
of the Christian Commission full privileges in the camps of the army.
In the three and a half years of its activity the Commission performed
a noble work.* The entire receipts in that period were $6,291,107.
The Philadelphia offices of the Christian Commission were located
at loii Chestnut street, where the assistance given to soldiers and sailors
and to strangers seeking relatives in the hospitals was constant and
important. The Christian Commission established cordial relations with
the United States Sanitary Commission, and they co-operated in the cities,
camps and on the seas everywhere in the glorious work to which both
organizations were devoted. The officers of the Christian Commission
were George H. Stuart, President; Joseph Patterson, Treasurer, and
Rev. W. E. Boardman, Secretary.
In August, 1864, the activities of the U. S. Christian Commission
required an enlargement of its executive personnel.. The Executive
Committee was increased from five to fourteen, and the general body
from twelve to forty-seven. The Philadelphia members of the Execu-
tive Committee, under the reorganization, were George H. Stuart, Chair-
man; Joseph Patterson, Treasurer; Rev. W. E. Boardman, Secretary;
John P. Crozer, Jay Cooke, Bishop M. Simpson, D.D., Stephen Caldwell
aud H. G. Jones.
THE PATRIOTIC CLERQY AND CHAPLAINS
WITH few exceptions the clergymen of Philadelphia were
staunch supporters of the Union cause. Many of them re-
signed their pastorates to accompany departing regiments as
chaplains. Others devoted themselves to exhausting and gratu-
itous labor in the military hospitals, and led in every humane enterprise
for the help of soldiers' families and the care of the orphans of men
who had perished while in the armies of the North.
*After every great battle the Christian Commission vied with the Sanitary
Commission in forwarding to field hospitals material comforts. In the summer
of 1864 its agents shipped cargoes of onions to the front, to the great delight of
the whole army.
266
Repeatedly, through proclamations from hundreds of pulpits, the
citizens were aroused to defensive action in time of emergency. Many
churches were offered and used as temporary hospitals. In the numerous
camps of rendezvous within the city limits Sunday services were con-
ducted by the local clergy, assisted by the choirs of their respective
churches, and day by day, as military funerals wended their sad course
to the cemeteries, it was the task of the minister and the priest to com-
fort the mourners in thousands of desolated homes. Foremost in con-
nection with the splendid records of the Union Volunteer Refreshment
Saloon stands the name of Thomas Brainerd, pastor of the old Pine
street church, out of whose congregation one hundred and thirty young
men entered the army and navy.*
Among the chaplains of Philadelphia regiments and hospitals were
the following:
Reverends William Fulton, James G. Shinn, Charles A. Beck, Charles
W. Heisley, Benjamin F. Sewall, Edward C. Ambler, Michael F. Martin,
Washington B. Erben, Gamaliel Collins, Ephraim Bast, Ferdinand
Miller, E. L. Wittig, Francis Goekeritz, Stacy Wilson, Charles W.
Clothier, Horatio S. Howell, t Joseph Welsh, Henry Ginal, John K.
Karcher, J. G. Rammel, Charles E. Hill, William O'Neill, B. R. Miller,
W. C. Ferriday, Charles Griffin, J. B. H. Janeway, Joseph F. Jennison,
David Kennedy, Samuel S. Huff, William J. Stevenson, Francis D.
Eagan, J. Pinckney Hammond, Henry S. Spackman, Richard Graham,
Nathaniel West, John Long, Alexander Shiras, James Wrigley and Jere-
miah W. Asher.J
*The Rev. Thomas Brainerd, a native of Lewis County, N. Y., was a familiar
figure in the war period, as he rode the streets on his white horse, bent on errands
of patriotic purposes, everywhere and in all kinds of weather. His figure is shown
upon the well-known drawing of the Union Volunteer Hospital by Thomas Moran.
A tablet at the Pine Street Church contains the names of twenty young men of
his congregation who perished in the war. On the occasion of the return of the
battle flags to the State of Pennsylvania, on July 4th, 1866, Dr. Brainerd delivered
the prayer of thanksgiving. He died six weeks later at Scranton, Pa., aged sixty-two
years.
tCaptain Horatio S. Howell was killed July ist, 1863, at Gettysburg (see goth
Regiment) .
tChaplain Asher died at Wilmington, N. C, from fever contracted in the hos-
pitals (6th U. S. colored troops).
BOUNTIES AND DRAFTS
OF the several general calls for troops issued by President Lincoln
in the course of the war, those antedating the call of August
4th, 1862, produced a surplus of volunteers. When men were
no longer willing to respond in sufficient numbers without
special inducement or compulsion the era of bounties and drafts began.
The right of the Government to enforce a conscription was bitterly
fought by the Democratic party, and was only confirmed after a Republi-
can had displaced a Democrat in the United States Supreme Court.*
Constantly increasing bounties were offered, when the necessity arose,
by the Government, the cities and their various wards. The bounties
paid out by the city of Philadelphia, under the last call for troops (De-
cember 19th, 1864), amounted to $2,177,879.77, this resulting in a com-
paratively small accession of recruits.
The final report of the City Bounty Fund Commission (created under
an ordinance of Councils, January 3d, 1865) indicates that the city paid
out a total of more than $9,000,000 in bounties in order to escape the
odium of a draft. The large sums paid for the same purpose by the
Ward Committees working to secure the quotas imposed upon them can-
not be estimated.
Philadelphia's total recruitment, as stated in the report cited, was
93.323 soldiers and sailors; those to whom bounties were paid num-
bered 25,300.t
The third call for troops, as issued by the President, brought the
total national requisition to 1,100,000 men. The quota of Philadelphia,
including the new call, was placed at 33,414. The city was credited, by
the Government officials, upon September 15th, 1862, with 29,094 men in
service, out of a total enrollment of 100,723 citizens subject to military
duty.
Thus, in the midst of the excitement and anxiety attending the week
of Antietam, the city was confronted with an apparent shortage of 4,230
men and the probability of a draft. It was to avert this stigma upon
the city that to the moderate national bounty the city authorities and the
citizens had added so liberally. The municipal bounty gave to every duly
certified recruit, at this time, $20.00 for nine monhs men, $30.00 for one
year men, and $50.00 for those enlisting for "three years or the war."
The ordinance creating the fund for this purpose was approved upon
July 26th, 1862. To the $500,000 appropriated by the city the Pennsyl-
* In the fall elections of 1863 in Pennsylvania, out of a total vote of 523,697
Governor Curtin was re-elected by the narrow majority of 15,335. The City of
Philadelphia saved the Republican party in this State from defeat.
tThe number of individuals who enlisted in Philadelphia cannot be definitely
stated. Many soldiers served under two and three separate enlistments.
267
268
vania Railroad Company added $50,000, and the Philadelphia and Read-
ing Railroad Company $25,000. A Citizens' Bounty Fund was also
raised.
The General Committee of this latter fund consisted of the following
persons : Alexander Henry, Mayor ; James McClintock, City Treasurer ;
Charles Gibbons; Charles D. Webster; William Welsh; J. Ross Snow-
den; Adolph E. Borie; S. W. De Courcey; George H. Stuart; Michael
V. Baker; George Whitney; James C. Hand; Lorin Blodgett; John V.
Addicks; John D. Watson, and James Milliken. Upon September 8th,
1862, the fund created by this Committee and the several Ward Commit-
tees aggregated $466,938.
In their estimate of the quota to be supplied by Philadelphia under
the third call, the Commissioners, Messrs. William H. Allen and B. Ger-
hard, accepted the records of Col. Charles F. Ruff, the United States
mustering officer, as a basis, deducting from the total 10 per cent, as
an allowance for men who had come from outside and enlisted in Phila-
delphia. They failed to take into account a number of regiments and
companies not mustered by that official. They credited to the city local
enlistments of sailors and marines, 1,754, and of Philadelphians enlisted
in other States, 644. These conclusions aroused the city authorities. A
joint committee of Councils was appointed to prepare an estimate through
tabulation of the muster rolls of the organizations thus far originating
in, this city. Upon September i8th they presented a report showing that,
exclusive of the eight three-months regiments of 1861, the city had fur-
nished officers and enlisted men to the number of 38,812. This estimate
did not include soldiers from Philadelphia serving in other States, sailors
and marines and recruits of the regular army taken from this city.
With regard to men from Philadelphia enrolled in the regiments of
other States, the Committee stated that there was reason to believe their
number to be nearly or quite 6,000. This calculation was probably ex-
cessive. The entire report of the Committee was ignored by the draft
officials. Upon the petition of the Mayor, the Governor postponed the
date for the draft in Philadelphia repeatedly. Strenuous efforts were
made in all parts of the city to "fill the quota," and finally, upon No-
vember 2d, the Commissioners were able to announce that the quota
had been completed.
Very few, if any, Philadelphians went into the army as drafted
men. The Philadelphia regiments in the field received, from time to time,
large accessions of drafted men who were assembled from other sections
of the State, and the frequency of the word "deserted" upon their rolls
is chiefly attributable to this fact.
The recurrent announcements of "another draft" was no more wel-
come in Philadelphia than elsewhere, but public sentiment, backed by the
presence of a sufficient military force, was sufficient to overawe the
chronic opponents of the Government, and the city was saved from the
disgrace of such scenes of riot as affected the city of New York in the
269
summer of 1863. There can be no doubt that, in connection with the mat-
ter of drafts, Philadelphia had more than once abundant cause for pro-
test. The estimates of the Federal officials on draft duty in the city
were invariably far lower, with regard to credits upon quotas, than
those of the city authorities. When the final call was issued the Gov-
ernment demanded from Philadelphia 17,514 men. Through the efforts
of city officials and others, foremost of whom was Henry Carey Lea,
Esq., the requirement was reduced March 24th, 1865, to 4,457 men, which
were furnished. At this time the net pay of volunteers, including their
bounties, was, for one year of service, $1,131.00; for two years, $1,687.00,
and for three years, $2,145.00. As nearly all of them were discharged
within a half year, their per diem compensation equalled a very good
wage.
DRAFT AND RECRUITING MEMORANDA.
In 1864 draft brokers in Philadelphia offered "$i,ooo and upwards" for
veterans re-enlisting as substitutes. In some wards ladies paid for substitutes.
John J. Kromer, 403 Chestnut street, published a pamphlet specifying the
diseases and afflictions which gave immunity from the drafts.
By common consent Ward Committees made assessments upon citizens for
money to provide substitutes for drafted men.
The congregations of a number of clergymen who were drafted paid for their
substitutes.
In July, 1863, a draft was enforced in the Fourth Congressional District, and
February and March, 1865, drafts took place in the Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth,
Seventh, Eighth, Ninth and Twenty-fifth Wards.
On August 8th, 1862, President Lincoln proclaimed that no citizen capable
of bearing arms should leave the country until the number of troops called for
at that time should have been enlisted.
General Order No. 33 was issued by the Adjutant-General at Washington by
instructions of the Secretary of War on April 3d, 1862, under which all recruiting
throughout the country was stopped and the recruiting service was ordered to
close up its offices and affairs. ("McCIellan's Own Story.")
Substitutes were accepted under the Act of Congress of March 3d, 1863.
Those thus exempted were given a certificate by the Board of Enrolment.
By General Order No. 163, dated June 4th, 1863, the Government provided
that any citizen, non-commissioned officer or soldier who brought a recruit for
either the regular or volunteer service to a recruiting rendezvous should receive
two dollars. After muster the recruit was to be given one month's pay in
advance.
Recruiting in Philadelphia ceased early in April, 1865. In the preceding four
months the State had sent to the army three regiments of infantry, 9,133 volunteers
and 6,67s drafted men to the old regiments in the field ; 75 separate companies and
387 men for the regular army ; a total of 25,840 officers and men.
J3I
)0
T«
CAMP PHILADELPHIA
AS Philadelphia had been designated as the rendezvous for the
drafted levies of the eastern counties of Pennsylvania, a camp,
known as "Camp Philadelphia," was established in the fall of
1862 near the western border of the city and a short distance
north of Market Street. Within a short time 7,000 men were assembled
here. The camp ground covered about ninety acres. Tents were pro-
vided by the thousand, and upon the margin of the scene an array of
booths were erected by amateur sutlers. Awaiting the slow process of
company formation, most of the conscripts, not yet uniformed, suffered
greatly from cold weather. Many of them were sent to the hospitals.
These men were enlisted for nine months. Some availed themselves
of the privilege of enlisting for three years, thereby securing a con-
siderable bounty. Discipline was lax and the men scattered almost at
will over the city. The provost guard, under Capt. J. Orr Finnic, was
kept busy rounding up the strays and in hunting deserters. It was esti-
mated that fully 3,000 of these conscripts deserted, and afterward some
of them wrote to those encamped at Norfolk, Va., ridiculing them for
not doing likewise. Many of these skulkers were caught, but large num-
bers escaped the provosts and left the State. Out of this material was
finally created many companies which won honorable records in the
service.
CAMP CADWALADER
THE necessity for a permanent point of assemblage within the
city, properly barracked and enclosed, where recruits might be
housed and regiments formed, resulted in Camp Cadwalader.
This camp was the most important military rendezvous in
the city. It consisted of an extensive group of barracks and other build-
ings enclosed by a high fence and was located upon Islington Lane, east
of Ridge Road. It faced the line of Twenty-second Street, the rear being
toward Twentieth Street and the south side toward the German Hospital
at Twentieth and Norris Streets. At times it was much overcrowded and
in the latter period of the war was the subject of many complaints from
soldiers and the public (see note following 187th Regiment). The camp
of the considerable guard force maintained here was located adjoining,
the guards being chiefly of the Invalid Corps. Many regiments were
organized and mustered in here and a large proportion of the returning
commands were sent here for muster out.
270
THE ONE.YEAR REGIMENTS, 1864=65
THE one-year regiments were organized to supply the deficiency
in the fighting line due to the waste of war among the old three-
year regiments, the return of many thousands whose period of
enlistment had expired and to take the place of the numerous
long-term commands on garrison, provost and guard duty, whose pres-
ence was required at the front. These new regiments offered the induce-
ments of liberal bounties and the prospect of a speedy end to the war.
They were largely officered by soldiers of experience, and the raw recruits,
many of them too young for acceptance at an earlier period, had the
advantage of comrades who had shared in the campaigns of the past.
When these one-year commands were mustered in they were fit for any
service required of them, and the fact that the majority of them ex-
perienced little or no fighting was not due to any lack of patriotic ardor.
One Hundred and Ninety-second Regiment Infantry.
Colonel William W. Stewart.
Total Enrollment, 1,000 Officers and Men.
A portion of this regiment had served in 1862 in the 20th Regiment
Militia (Emergency), and in 1863 in the 20th Regiment, Pennsylvania
Volunteer Infantry. These organizations had been recruited largely from
officials and employees of the United States Custom House at Philadel-
phia. The original I92d Regiment, formed from this source as volunteer
infantry, in July, 1864 (see One Hundred-day Regiments), was the basis
of the new organization, which was employed in the vicinity of Staunton
and Lexington, Virginia, during its term of service, without coming into
any notable conflict with the then weakened and scattering Confederates.
The regiment was mustered in during February and March, 1865, and
discharged August 24th, 1865.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Died from disease 16 men.
One Hundred and Ninety-eighth Regiment Infantry.
Colonel Horatio G. Sickel.
Lieut.-Colonel John B. Murray.
(Fourteen Cornpanies.)
Total Enrollment, 1,640 Officers and Men.
This strong regiment, known as the 6th Union League Regiment,
was destined to have an active part in several of the important engage-
ments incident to the last year of the war and to be "in at the death" at
271
272
Appomattox. The "198th" left Philadelphia on September 19th, 1864,
joining the army as part of the First Brigade, First Division, Fifth
Corps, in front of Petersburg, Va. Col. Sickel, who had been com-
mander of the 3d Regiment Reserves, was almost immediately appointed
to command of the brigade, being succeeded in the colonelcy by Lieut.-
Col. John B. Murray on September 30th. The regiment participated
in the battle at Peebles' Farm, and was, later, busily engaged along the
South Side Railroad. After a trying march for the destruction of the
Weldon Railroad, winter quarters were established near the end of De-
cember, and command was assumed by Major Edwin A. Glenn. With
the beginning of the campaign of 1865, the Fifth Corps met the enemy,
on February 5th, at Hatcher's Run, the First Division, including the
"198th," moving toward Dinwiddie Court House. On the following day
the "198th" executed two successful bayonet charges with entire success.
At the affair of Lewis' Farm the regiment, together with the 185th New
York, led by Gen. Sickel, drove the enemy from the field, but at great
loss. Twenty-eight officers and men were killed and one hundred and
seventeen wounded. Leaving this field on March 31st, the regiment
again met the enemy at White Oak Swamp, and on April ist, at Five
Forks, where, at the moment of victory, the commander. Major Glenn, fell
mortally wounded. Then began the pursuit of the retreating enemy, fol-
lowing the fall of Richmond, the long, exhausting march ending on
April 8th, within view of the remnants of Lee's Army at bay. The sur-
render took place on the 9th, and the war was over. The 198th was
mustered out at Philadelphia, amid an ovation, on June 3d, 1865.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died from wounds officers, 6 ; men, (tj
Died from disease " 44
BATTLES, ETC.
In front of Petersburg, Poplar Springs Church, Boydton Road (October 8th),
Boydton Road (October 27th), Hatcher's Run, Weldon Railroad, Dabne/s Mills,
Hatcher's Run, Boydton Road (March 29th), Lewis Farm, White Oak Road.
Five Forks, Appomattox Court House.
One Hundred and Ninety-ninth Regiment Infantry.
(Commercial Regiment.)
Colonel James C. Briscoe.
Total Enrollment, 1,462 Officers and Men.
The "199th" joined the "Army of the James" in October, 1865,
on the James river, being assigned to the First Brigade, Twenty-
fourth Corps, and under the direction of its veteran officers proceeded
to fortify, being at the extreme right. On March 27th the First Di-
vision crossed the river and, advancing southward, captured by assault,
six days later, Forts Gregg and Alexander, important Confederate works.
TYPES OF THE FIRE AMBULANCES.
(From photographs by R. Newell.)
HIBERNIA ENGINE. TWICE IN THE SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES.
AMBULANCE OF THE PHILADELPHIA FIRE ENGINE COMPANY, EXHIBITED AT
THE PARIS EXPOSITION OF 1867.
(From a painting in possession of the Veteran Volunteer Firemen's Association.)
273
In this affair, which President Lincoln, who was near-by, characterized
as "a most gallant charge," the "199th" lost eighteen killed, including two
officers, and ninety-one wounded, including six officers, one being Col.
Briscoe, who was brevetted brigadier-general for gallantry and placed
in command of the brigade. Incident to the pursuit of the retreating
Confederates, early in April, the regiment met the enemy at Rice's Sta-
tion and on the day preceding the surrender in a skirmish near Ap-
pomattox Court House. In these final scenes of combat the regiment lost
four killed and eight wounded. The "199th" was afterward placed in
camp with the First Division on the border of Richmond, where, on
June 28th, the original members were mustered out and the recruits as-
signed to the 1 88th (three year) regiment, of which Col. Briscoe was
appointed commander (see i88th Regiment).
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died from .wounds officers, 2 ; men, 30
Died from disease " 52
BATTLES, ETC.
Peebles' Farm, South Side Railroad, Weldon Railroad, Forts Gregg and
Alexander in front of Petersburg, Fall of Petersburg, Rice's Station, Appomattox
Court House, on duty at Richmond.
Two Hundred and Third Regiment Infantry.
Colonel John W. Moore.
Total Enrollment, 1,364 Officers and Men.
This regiment was recruited in Philadelphia and the counties of
Chester, Delaware, Lancaster and Lycoming, and was intended to serve
in the division of Major-Gen. David B. Birney as sharpshooters. After
the death of that gallant officer the project was abandoned and the com-
mand was rated as ordinary infantry. The officers were all veterans who
had served in earlier regiments. The regiment left Philadelphia on Sep-
tember 22d, 1864, and was attached to the Second Brigade, Second Di-
vision, Tenth Corps, then in front of Petersburg, Va.
The "203d" reached the scene just in time for the actions at
Chaffin's Farm and New Market Road, acting upon provost duty in
guarding prisoners to the rear. Between October sth and 28th the
command was under fire in various movements much of the time. Upon
the reorganization of the Army of the James the "203d" was attached
to the Second Brigade, Second Division, Twenty-fifth Corps. Early in
December the Second Division was sent as part of an expedition from
Fortress Monroe for the reduction of Fort Fisher, at the entrance of
the Cape Fear River, North Carolina. The attempt failed for the time
being, but was renewed with the same and additional troops under
Brig.-Gen. Alfred H. Terry. In the historic assault of January 15th,
1865, made in co-operation with the fleet of fifty-eight warships upon
this stronghold, the "203d" was in the lead, fighting like tigers; its
18
274
heroic Colonel falling, he raised the flag above his head in the hand-to-
hand contest. When, long after nightfall, the clamor of the battle ceased,
and the fort was in the hands of the Union forces, the "203d" had lost
forty-six killed, including Col. Moore, Lieut.-Col. Jonas W. Lyman and
two line officers and one hundred and forty-five officers and men
wounded. On February nth, an advance was made upon Wilmington,
N. C, which involved considerable fighting, but ended with the occupa-
tion of the city. Soon afterward the column met the equally victorious
troops of Major-Gen. Sherman near, Goldsboro and shared with them
in the glory of the capture of the force under the Confederate Gen. Johns-
ton, who surrendered on April 26th, 1865. This ended the final chapter
of fighting on the Atlantic seaboard. The "203d" was encamped at
Raleigh, N. C, to the date of its muster out on June 22d, 1865.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Killed or died from wounds officers, 4 ; men, 70
Died from disease " 72
BATTLES, ETC.
Chaffin's Farm, New Market Road. Fair Oaks, Expedition to Fort Fisher
(December, 1864), Capture of Fort Fisher (January, 1865), Sugar Loaf Battery,
N. C, Fort Anderson, N. C, Capture of Wilmington, N. C, advance on Goldsboro,
occupation of Raleigh, N. C, surrender of Johnston's Army.
Two Hundred and Thirteenth Regiment Infantry.
(Seventh Union League Regiment.)
Colonel John A. Gorgas.
Total Enrollment, 1,150 Officers and Men.
This regiment was mustered during February, 1865, and was com-
posed of recruits enlisted in Philadelphia and the counties of Berks,
Chester and Juniata. During its entire term of service it was detailed
upon guard duty. At first the command was stationed at Camp Parole,
Annapolis, Maryland, and at Frederick City, Maryland. Early in April
it was posted upon the northern defences of Washington, remaining on
duty here through the balance of its term of service. Mustered out No-
vember 1 8th, 1865.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Died from disease 18 men.
Two Hundred and Fourteenth Regiment Infantry.
(Eighth Union League Regiment.)
Colonel David B. McKibbin.
Total Enrollment, 1,400 Officers and Men.
The "214th" was recruited in Philadelphia and the counties of
Lancaster and Northampton and mustered in during March, 1865. Prior
275
to July the regiment performed guard and provost duty in the Shenan-
doah Valley. Then it was stationed at Washington, with the exception
of a detachment under Major Washington M. Worrall, located at An-
napolis, where that officer commanded the post. This was the last of
the Pennsylvania infantry regiments in the National service. It was mus-
tered out March 21st, 1866.
TOTAL LOSSES.
Died from disease 24 men.
Keystone Battery Independent Artillery.
Captain Matthew Hastings.
156 Officers and Men.
An infantry company, formed on April 21st, 1861, was eventually
enrolled as Company B, ist Regiment, Philadelphia Home Guard. The
Keystone Battery was recruited upon the latter company and was mus-
tered into the United States service for one year August 13th, 1862,
being immediately sent to Fort Ethan Allen, defences of Washington.
A few weeks later the battery was moved to Union Mills, Va., reporting
to Gen,. Alexander Hays, remaining hereto the early summer of 1863,
in the meantime participating in numerous movements without being
engaged in battle. At Gettysburg the battery was in reserve.* It was
present in the engagement at Snicker's Gap, following the retreat of
Lee. The command was mustered out August 20th, 1863.
ENLISTED FOR NINE MONTHS
One Hundred and Fifty-fourth Regiment Pennsylvania Infantry.
(Three companies), 165 Officers and Men.
Although a full regimental organization was effected before the
commissions were issued to officers, seven companies were detached and
the remaining three companies, under their respective captains, were
mustered in and placed upon provost duty at Philadelphia. These
companies were A, Capt. John T. Doyle, succeeded by Capt. Chas. Fair;
B, Capt. O. C. Cunningham; and C, Capt. Lemuel Howell; mustered out
September 29th and October 21st, 1863. These appear to have been the
only volunteer nine months troops originating in Philadelphia.
♦History of Battery A, Scott.
ENLISTED FOR SIX MONTHS
Third Battalion Infantry.
Lieutenant-Colonel T. Elwood Zell.
500 Officers and Men.
Organized at Philadelphia, with a.ssistance of the Union, League,
and mustered in during June and July, 1863. Discharged January 29th,
1864. Lieut.-Col. Zell was previously captain of Co. D, 121st Regiment
Infantry Volunteers. The battalion was known as the "Pennsylvania
Chasseurs." It was engaged during its term of service upon guard
and provost duty at various points in the State of Pennsylvania.
Woodward's Independent Battery.
Captain W. H. Woodward.
150 Officers and Men.
Organized during the impetus of enlistments resulting from the
Gettysburg emergency, this battery was accepted for six months' service,
being mustered in July 9th, 1863. The command served at various
points in Pennsylvania, and was mustered out November 4th, 1863.
ONE HUNDRED.DAY TROOPS— 1864=5
THE alarm caused by the Confederate Cavalry raid into Pennsyl-
vania in June, 1864, incident to which was the burning of
Chambersburg, induced the President to issue a call upon Penn-
sylvania for 12,000 militia or volunteers to serve one hundred
days "in the vicinity of Washington."
Governor Curtin, mindful of two stressful summer experiences of
the past, sent forth this characteristic and forceful admonition :
ExEcuTive Chamber.
Harrisburg, Sunday, July 10, 1864.
Hon. Alex. Henry, Mayor of Philadelphia, and to the People of Pennsylvania :
I refer to my recent proclamations calling for troops on the requisition of the
President.
You are not responding freely.
276
277
The enemies of our Government are active in deterring you, and efforts have
been made to dissuade you from the belief that any considerable rebel force is in
your vicinity, and many of our rnost loyal and patriotic citizens have been thus
deceived.*
Similar efforts were too successfully made last year at the moment when Lee's
army was actually on your border.
Despatches have been this morning received establishing the fact that General
Wallace, with 10,000 men, was yesterday compelled to fall back from Frederick.
He is believed to be in retreat towards Baltimore.
The communication between this point and Baltimore was cut this morning
by the rebels below Cockeysville.f
The authorities of the United States at Washington are so impressed with the
necessity of immediate effort, that they have this morning, by telegraph, author-
ized men to be mustered in by companies, which they had yesterday peremptorily
refused.
It is my duty to state to you the fact that your country requires your immedi-
ate service, and the safety of your own soil, and of our good neighbors in Mary-
land, may depend on your promptness.
Recollect that the mode of enlisting men is at the discretion of the Govern-
ment, and it is the duty of all to obey its requisitions.
It would be disgraceful in you to waste time in objecting to matters of form
and detail, or to profess that you would go if called in some different way. Those
who want an excuse for skulking may do so, but all who desire to do their duty
to their country will scorn such subterfuges.
Turn, therefore, a deaf ear to all mischievous suggestions from any quarter.
Do not lend yourselves to a betrayal of your country. Come forward, like men,
to aid her. The rebel forces will be easily defeated and driven away if you
do your duty, and I pray God so to enlighten you that the honor of the Common-
wealth may be maintained.
A. G. CURTIN.
Among the militia responding from Philadelphia were the following :
One Hundred and Ninety-second Regiment Infantry.
Colonel William B. Thomas.
Total Enrollment, 1,500 Officers and Men.
This regiment contained fifteen companies. It originated in the
"Revenue Guards" formed by Col. Thomas, then Collector of the Port,
from the force of the U. S. Custom House employees at Philadelphia.
As the 20th Regiment Pennsylvania Militia these troops had performed
emergency service in September, 1862, and were again enlisted as vol-
unteers in June, 1863. The "i92d" was, therefore. Col. Thomas' third
*A vote of July, 1864, upon a Constitutional amendment in Pennsylvania, in-
tended to enable soldiers in the field to exercise their franchise rights as citizens,
resulted in 27,211 in favor of and 9,930 against said amendment.
tApropos of a third Confederate advance northward, the Richmond Whig
printed a communication on July 24th, 1864, entitled "The Devoted Band," a part
of which is in these words : "Fire and sword must be carried into the houses of
those who are visiting these blessings on their neighbors. Philadelphia and even
New York are not beyond the reach of a long and brave arm. The moral people
of those cities cannot be better taught the virtues of invasion than by the blazing
light of their own dwellings."
278
command. At Camp Cadwalader, during July, 1864, the regiment was
mustered and sent at once to camp near Baltimore, soon afterward
moving to Fort McHenry, from which the command was ordered to
guard duty at the prison camp for Confederate officers at Johnson's
Island, Lake Erie. Within a few days the command was dispatched to
the Ohio River for guard and patrol duty at Galliopolis. Several com-
panies were here detached and sent to Winston, West Virginia. The
regiment returned to Philadelphia and was mustered out upon November
nth, 1864. Few short-term organizations experienced as much varied
service as the "i92d." After this tour of duty members of the several
companies enlisted in a company which, under Captain Thomas Mc-
Leester, became Company A, of a second I92d Regiment, which was
accepted by the Government for one year. This new regiment was com-
manded by Col. William W. Stewart and remained in the service until
August 24th, 1865. (See One-year Regiments.)
It should be noted that the members of the "Revenue Guards"
identified with these several enlistments were aided by their fellow em-
ployees in the Philadelphia Custom House, who raised a fund of $4,400
to assist their families during their absence.
One Hundred and Ninety-sixth Regiment Infantry.
(Fifth Union League Regiment.)
Colonel Harmanus Neff.
Total Enrollment, 958 Officers and Men.
This command, under Col. Harmanus Neff, organized with the co-
operation of the Union League Committee, was formed at Camp Cad-
walader on July 20th, 1864, and sent to the vicinity of Baltimore a week
later. From Camp Bradford, at this point, it was ordered to Camp
Douglas, Chicago, and employed in guard and exchange duty at the
large prison for Confederates. Company H was detailed to provost duty
at Springfield, 111. A brief period prior to the expiration of the term
of enlistment was spent on duty at Fort Delaware. Mustered out No-
vember 17th, 1864.
One Hundred and Ninety-seventh Regiment Infantry.
(Third Coal Exchange Regiment.)
Colonel John R. Haslett.
Total Enrollment, 932 Officers and Men.
With the assistance of the Coal Exchange of Philadelphia, which
had previously aided the 8th and Sist Regiments, State Militia, this
regiment was mustered into the United States service at Camp Cad-
walader upon July 22d, 1864. Col. John R. Haslett and his associate field
officers were experienced soldiers. The companies, with the exception
279
of a part of one company from Montgomery County, were recruited in
Philadelphia. Many of the rank and file had served in earlier com-
mands. The regiment was, however, destined to be assigned to the tedi-
ous and inglorious duty of guarding the prison camp of Confederates at
Rock Island, 111., and here it remained to the end of its period of en-
listment, when, upon return to Philadelphia, it was mustered out Novem-
ber nth, 1864.
Two Hundred and Fifteenth Regiment Infantry.
(Ninth Union League Regiment.)
Colonel Francis Wister.
Total Enrollment, 1,117 Officers and Men.
This, the last of the regiments sent out from Philadelphia, was com-
manded by Col. Francis Wister (of the 12th U. S. Infantry). Under
the auspices of the Union League it was mustered at Camp Cadwalader
in April, 1865, and ordered to duty in Delaware and upon the Eastern
Shore of Maryland. Following this service it was stationed at Fort
Delaware early in June, and remained there until mustered out upon July
31st, 1865.
Independent Company Infantry, Colored Troops.
Captain Converse Southard.
100 Officers and Men.
Organized at Camp William Penn, July 20th, 1864. Mustered out
November 14th, 1864. (See 119th Regiment, U. S. Colored Troops.)
Independent Railroad Troop.*
Captain George D. Stroud.
96 Officers and Men.
Mustered in July 9th, 1864. Mustered out October 31st, 1864.
Keystone Battery, Independent Artillery.
Captain Matthew Hastings.
150 Officers and Men.
Organized July 12th, 1864. Mustered out October 25th, 1864. On
duty at Huntingdon, Bloomsburg, Chambersburg, Greencastle, etc., De-
partment of the Susquehanna.
*An independent cavalry troop, composed of railroad oiEcials and employees,
commanded by Capt. G. D. Stroud, was equipped and mounted by the Pennsylvania
and the Northern Central Railroad Companies. This command Jeft Philadelphia
for Maryland on July 19th, 1864.
ARMY NECROLOGY
Commissioned Officers from Philadelphia Killed in Battles, or
WHO Died from Wounds and Sickness During the Civil War.
(Compiled from Bates' History of the Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1861-1865, and
from the Report of the Adjutant-General of Pennsylvania for 1866. It should
be especially noted that this list does not include the names of officers of the
regiments enumerated who were not specified as residents of Philadelphia.)
♦For names of general officers killed or who died during the war, see list of
officers of that rank.
iiTH REGIMENT.
Thomas S. Martin, Lieut-Col. Killed at Bull Run, Va., August 30th, 1862.
23D REGIMENT (3 years' service).
Dr. A. Owen Stille, surgeon. Died at Fortress Monroe, June 22d, 1862.
Joshua S. Garsed, ist Lieut., Co. B. Killed at Gettysburg, July 3d, 1863.
Benj. Thomas, 2d Lieut., Co. D. Died February 9th, 1862.
John G. Boyd, 2d Lieut., Co. D. Killed at Cold Harbor, June i, 1864.
James Johnston, ist Lieut., Co. E. Killed at Cold Harbor, June i, 1864.
Henry A. Marchant, Capt., Co. I. Killed at Cold Harbor, June I, 1862.
James G. Williamson, 2d Lieut., Co. K. Died of wounds, June 2, 1864.
26TH REGIMENT (3 years' service). Co. K not included.
Samuel G. Wregner, Sergeant-Major. Died of wounds received at Gettysburg,
July 2d, 1863.
Benj. R. Wright, 2d Lieut., Co. A. Killed at Gettysburg, July 2d, 1863.
Thomas P. Morris, 2d Lieut., Co. G. Killed at Spotsylvania C. H., May
I2th, 1864.
Benjamin R. Wright, 2d Lieut., Co. A. Killed at Gettysburg, July 2d, 1863.
Frank B. Bird, 2d Lieut., Co. H. Died July 31st, 1863, of wounds received
at Gettysburg.
John J. Flannery, 2d Lieut., Co. D. Died June isth, 1864, of wounds received
at Gettysburg.
John D. Sloan, Capt., Co. I. Killed at Mine Run, November 28th, 1863.
David Potts, 2d Lieut, Co. I. Killed at Bull Run, August 29th, 1862.
William S. Small, Capt., Co. K. Died at Philadelphia, February, 1864.
Thomas P. Morris, 2d Lieut., Co. H. Died July 31st, 1863, of wounds received
at Gettysburg.
27TH REGIMENT.
Peter A. M'Aloon, Lieut.-Col. Died December 7th, 1863, of wounds received
at Missionary Ridge.
Walter S. Briggs, Adjutant. Killed at Gettysburg, July 2d, 1863.
John Rumpel, ist Lieut., Co. E. Killed at Gettysburg, July ist, 1863.
James Hamilton Kuhn, ist Lieut., Co. G. Killed at New Market Cross Roads,
June 30th, 1862.
Frederick Luders, 2d Lieut., Co. K. Killed at Cross Keys, Va., June 8th, 1862.
28TH REGIMENT. Philadelphia Companies C, D, I, K, M and P.
Robert Warden, Major. Died at Winchester, Va., June 30th, 1862.
L. F. Chapman, Major. Killed at Chancellorsville, May 3d, 1862.
280
28l
Peter F. Laws, Capt., Co. C. Killed at Antietam, September 17th, 1862.
William C. Shields, ist Lieut., Co. G. Killed at Chancellorsville, May 3d, 1863.
George B. U. Martin, Capt., Co. H. Died at Bridgeport, Ala., March 24th, 1864.
29TH REGIMENT.
John J. McKeever, 2d Lieut., Co. A. Killed at Gettysburg, July 3d, 1863.
William Harrington, 2d Lieut., Co. B. Killed by railroad accident, March
4th, 1864.
James Kerr, 2d Lieut., Co. D. Died October 21st, 1864.
Ethan O. Fulce, 2d Lieut., Co. F. Killed at Fayetteville, N. C, March
14th, 1865.
Edward J. Harvey, 2d Lieut., Co. K. Killed at Gettysburg, July 2d, 1863.
31ST REGIMENT (2d Reserves). Philadelphia Companies A, B, C, D, E, G,
H and K
Augustus T. Cross, Adjutant. Killed at Antietam, September i6th, 1862.
James C. Manton, ist Lieut, Co. B. Died January 13th, 1864.
J. R. Nightingale. 2d Lieut., Co. C. Killed at Charles City Cross Roads,
June 30th, 1862.
John B. Fletcher, ist Lieut., Co. E. Died July 12th, 1862, from wounds
received at Charles City Cross Roads, June 30th, 1862.
Robert J. Clark, ist Lieut., Co. F. Died of wounds May 12th, 1864.
Max Wimpfheimer, 2d Lieut., Co. G. Killed at Antietam, September 17th, 1862.
32D REGIMENT (3d Reserves). Philadelphia Companies E and G.
John Connolly, 2d Lieut., Co. G. Died at Camp Pierpont, December 2d, 1861.
33D REGIMENT (4th Reserves). Philadelphia Companies A, B, D, G and I.
Richard H. Woolworth, Col. Killed at Cloyd Mountain, May 9th, 1864.
Prosper M. Davis, Capt., Co. I. Killed at Cloyd Mountain, May 9th, 1864.
Robert A. Moore, ist Lieut., Co. I. Died from wounds January gth, 1863.
36TH REGIMENT (7th Reserves). Philadelphia Companies E, G and K.
Daniel L. Sanders, ist Lieut., Co. K. Killed at Antietam, September 17th, 1862.
37TH REGIMENT (8th Reserves).
Thomas Jones, surgeon. Died of wounds May i6th, 1864.
43D REGIMENT (ist Light Artillerv Reserves). Philadelphia Batteries C, D,
G and H.
John G. Simpson, Capt., Battery A. Died at Philadelphia, December 8th, 1864.
F. McLaughlin, ist Lieut., Battery _ D. Died June 4th, 1862, from illness
contracted upon the Chickahominy.
Mark Kern, Capt., Battery G. Killed at Bull Run, August 30th, 1862.
Thomas Thornton, 2d Lieut., Buttery H. Died at Washington, March 26th, 1862.
52D REGIMENT.
George Scott, 2d Lieut., Co. D. Died July 3d, 1864, from wounds received
at James Island, S. C.
s6th REGIMENT.
Benjamin F. Young, 2d Lieut, Co. D. Killed May 2Sth, 1864.
58TH REGIMENT (Infantry).
Theodore Blakley, Capt., Co. B. Killed at Fort Harrison, September 29th, 1864.
Daniel F. Linn, Capt., Co. C. Died from wounds received at Fort Harrison,
September 29th, 1864.
Godfrey M. Brinley, ist Lieut., Co. D. Died at Beaufort, S. C, August
19th, 1863.
Joseph B. Paxon. Died of disease August 14th, 1864.
John F. Wood, Capt., Co. K. Died of disease at Richmond, Va., November
2Sth, 1865.
282
S9TH REGIMENT (2d Cavalry). Philadelphia Companies A, B, C, E, G and H.
Charles F. Taggart, Major. Died at Warrenton, Va., October 24th, 1863,
from wounds in action of October 22d, 1863.
Frank J. Dungan, 2d Lieut., Co. A. Killed at Todd's Tavern, Va., May
8th 1864.
Alfred Biles, ist Lieut, Co. B. Killed by guerillas, July 26th, 1863.
Jacob H. Martin, 2d Lieut., Co. K. Died of wounds August i8th, 1864.
Albert C. Walker, Capt, Co. M. Died August 3d, 1864.
60TH REGIMENT (3d Cavalry). Philadelphia Companies A, B, C, F, I, K and M.
Walter S. Newhall, Capt., Co. A. Drowned near Rappahannock Station, Va.,
December i8th, 1863.
George K. Hogg, ist Lieut., Co. K. Drowned at Nottingham, Md., September
I2th, 1861.
James E. Lodge, 2d Lieut., Co. F. Died (date unknown).
Elwood Davis, 2d Lieut., Co. H. Killed near Bull Run, October isth, 1863.
61ST REGIMENT. Philadelphia Companies G, H and I.
George C. Spear, Col. Killed at Mayres' Heights, May 3d, 1863.
John W. Crossby, Lieut.-Col. Killed at Petersburg, April 2d, 1865.
George W. Wilson, Adjutant. Killed at Spotsylvania, May 9th, 1864.
John Barrett, Capt., Co. G. Killed at Cedar Creek, Va., October 19th, 1864.
Alfred Moylan, ist Lieut, Co. I. Died July 8th, 1862, from wounds received
at Pair Oaks.
65TH REGIMENT (5th Cavalry).
Jonathan J. Phillips, 2d Lieut., Co. D. Died at Fortress Monroe, June
nth, 1864.
William E. Frick, ist Lieut., Co. F. Died October nth, 1861.
Samuel M. Williamson, ist Lieut., Co. H. Killed near Williamsburg, Va.,
January isth, 1863.
William H. Cameron, Capt., Co. I. Died June 26th, 1864.
James D. Brown, Capt., Co. K. Died August 9th, 1862.
Dietrich Bruno, ist Lieut., Co. L. Died August 29th, 1864.
67TH REGIMENT. Philadelphia Companies B and part of E and I.
William E. Tucker, Capt., Co. B. Died November 2d, 1862, from wounds
in action.
68TH REGIMENT.
Thomas Hawksworth, Major. Died January 7th, 1863, from wounds received
at Fredericksburg.
John Reynolds, 2d Lieut., Co. E. Killed at Gettysburg, July 2d, 1863.
John C. Gallagher, Capt., Co. C. Died April 3d, 1865, from wounds received
at Petersburg.
George W. McLearn, Capt, Co. D. Killed at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863.
Andrew Black, 2d Lieut., Co. D. Killed at Gettysburg, July 2d 1863
James Shields, ist Lieut., Co. E. Died May 5th, 1863, from wounds ' received
at ChancellorsviUe.
Milton C. Davis, Capt, Co. F. Killed at Orange Grove, Va , November
27th, 1863.
Lewis W. Ealer, 1st Lieut, Co. P. Died October 6th, 1863, from wounds
received at Gettysburg.
Joseph E. Davis, 2d Lieut., Co. F. Killed at Fredericksburg, December
13th, 1862.
John D Pauling, Capt., Co. I. Died May isth, 1863, from wounds received
at ChancellorsviUe.
69TH REGIMENT.
Dennis O'Kane, Col. Killed at Gettysburg, July 3d 1863
Martin Tschudy, Lieut.-Col. Killed at Gettysburg, July 3d. 1863.
283
James Harvey, Capt., Asst. A. G. Killed at Ball's Bluff, October 21st, 1861.
William Whildey, Adjutant. Killed at Cold Harbor, Va., June 3d, 1864.
James Dunn, 2d Lieut., Co. A. Killed at Antietam, September 17th, 1862.
Joseph McHugh, ist Lieut., Co. D. Killed at Antietam, September 17th, 1862.
James McGinley, ad Lieut., Co. D. Killed at Hatchers Run, February sth, 1865.
Andrew McManus, Capt., Co. E. Killed near Falmouth, Va., May 27th, 1863.
George C. Thompson, Capt., Co. F. Killed at Gettysburg, July 3d, 1863.
C. Howard Taylor, 2d Lieut., Co. F. Died of disease November 7th, 1862.
F. VonBierwirth, Capt., Co. G. Killed at Antietam, September 17, 1862.
Bernard Sherry, ist Lieut., Co. G. Died of wounds May isth, 1864.
Michael Mullen, 2d Lieut., Co. G. Killed at Gettysburg, Julv 3d, 1863.
Thomas Kelley, Capt., Co. H. Died May i8th, 1864, from wounds received
at Spotsylvania Court House, May 12th, 1864.
Thomas Carroll, 2d Lieut., Co. H. Died at Philadelphia, June 2Sth, 1862.
Charles F. Kelley, 2d Lieut., Co. H. Killed at Gettysburg, July 2d, 1863.
Michael Duffy, Capt., Co. I. Killed at Gettysburg, July 2d, 1863.
Josiah Jack, ist Lieut., Co. K. Killed at Spotsylvania Court House, May 12th,
1864.
70TH REGIMENT (6th Cavalry). Not including Company G.
Robert Morris, Jr., Major. Died at Libby Prison, Richmond, Va., August
13th, 1863.
Henry C. Whelan, Major. Died at Philadelphia, March 2d, 1864.
Stephen H. Martin, Adjutant. Killed at Old Church, Va., May 30th, 1864.
Theodore M. Sage, Quarter Master. Killed by guerillas at Elk Run, Va.,
November 4th, 1863.
Arthur E. Murphy, ist Lieut., Co. A. Killed at Cold Harbor, May 31st, 1864.
James Magee, 2d Lieut. Killed near Dinwiddle C. H., March 31st, 1865.
Charles B. Davis, Capt., Co. F. Killed at Beverly Ford, Va., June 9th, 1863.
William Sproule, 2d Lieut., Co. F. Died at Belle Plain, Va., May 8th, 1863.
Lewis Miller, ist Lieut., Co. L. Killed (date unknown).
71ST REGIMENT (First "California" Regiment). Philadelphia Companies A,
B, C, D, E, F, G, I and partly H and K.
Edward D. Baker, Col. Killed at Ball's Bluff, Va., October 21st, 1861.
John M. Steffan, Capt., Co. A. Killed at Gettysburg, July 3d, 1863.
J. W. Lingenfelter, Capt., Co. B. Killed near Chain Bridge, Va., September
2ist, 1861.
WiUiam H. Dull, Capt., Co. B. Killed at Gettysburg, July 3d, 1863.
William Wilson, 2d Lieut., Co. B. Killed at Antietam, September 17th, 1862.
William E. Otter, Capt., Co. C. Killed at Ball's Bluff, Va., October 21st, 1861.
Benjamin F. Hibljs, 2d Lieut., Co. D. Died of wounds received at Fredericks-
burg, Va., December 13th, 1862.
Joseph D. Williams, 2d Lieut., Co. D. Killed at Ball's Bluff, October 21st, 1861.
Christian A. Schaeffer, 2d Lieut., Co. F. Died at Poolesville, Md., March
3d, 1862.
E. Carlyle Norris, Capt., Co. G. Died May ist, 1863, from wounds received
in action.
James Clark, ist Lieut., Co. G. Killed in action May 23d, 1864.
Maurice C. Moore, ist Lieut., Co. H. Killed on picket, June 8th, 1864.
John Convery, 2d Lieut., Co. K. Killed at Antietam, September 17th, 1862.
George W. Kenney, ist Lieut., Co. N. Killed at Antietam, Md., September
17th, 1862.
72D REGIMENT (Baxter's Fire Zouaves).
Theodore Hesser, Lieut.-Col. Killed at Mine Run, Va., November 27th, 1863.
Andrew C. Supplee, Major. Died at Philadelphia, July 27th, 1864, from wounds
and exposure.
284
DeBenneville B. Shewell, Sergt.-Major. Died July 21st, 1862, of wounds
in action. „ „ . -.r t
Charles W. Gonigle, Capt., Co. B. Killed at Savage Station, Va., June
Richa^rdL! R^'Shreve, Capt., Co. B. Killed at Wilderness, Va., May 6th 1864.
Peter H. Willitts, Capt., Co. C. Killed at Antietam, September 17th, 1862
Michael Coste, ist Lieut., Co. C. Killed at Bristoe Station, Va., October
Andrew McBr'ide, Capt., Co. D. Killed at Gettysburg, July 3d, 1863
Sutton Jones, 2d Lieut., Co. E. Killed at Gettysburg, July 3d, 1863.
Edward G. Roussel, Capt., Co. G. Died October nth, 1862, from wounds
received at Antietam. ■, „^
James L. Griffith, ist Lieut., Co. I. Killed at Gettysburg, July 3d, 1863.
R. I. Parks, Jr., 2d Lieut., Co. K. Killed at Antietam, Md., September
17th, 1862.
73D REGIMENT.
John A. Koltes, Col. Killed at Bull Run, August 30th, 1862.
Aug. C. Brueckner, Capt., Co. A. Killed at Bull Run, August 30th, 1862.
Jacob Liebfried, Capt., Co. G. Died at Philadelphia from wounds received
at Chancellorsville, May 2d, 1863.
Henry Hess, Capt., Co. H. Died June 19th, 1864, of wounds received at
Pine Knob, Ga., June 15th, 1864.
Henry J. Giltinan, Capt., Co. K. Killed at Chancellorsville, May 3d, 1863.
74TH REGIMENT. Philadelphia Company K.
William Roth, 2d Lieut., Co. K. Killed at Gettysburg, July ist, 1863.
7STH REGIMENT.
Francis Mahler, Col. Killed at Gettysburg, July ist, 1863.
William J. Sill, ist Lieut., Co. C. Died July 21st, 1863, from wounds received
at Gettysburg.
William Froelich, ist Lieut., Co. E. Killed at Bull Run, August 30th, 1862.
Louis Mahler, 2d Lieut., Co. F. Killed at Gettysburg, July ist, 1863.
Adolph Winter, ist Lieut., Co. I. Drowned in the Shenandoah River, April
iSth, 1862.
William Bowen, 2d Lieut., Co. I. Killed at Bull Run,' August 30th, 1862.
Christian Wyck, Capt., Co. K. Drowned in the Shenandoah River, April
ISth, 1862.
Henry Hauschild, 2d Lieut, Co. A. Killed at Gettysburg, July 1st, 1863.
80TH REGIMENT.
Nicholas A. Wynkoop, Adjutant. Killed at Gallatin, Tenn., August 21st, 1862.
81ST REGIMENT. Philadelphia Companies A, B, C, D, E and F.
H. Boyd McKeen, Col. Killed at Cold Harbor, Va., June 3d, 1864.
Robert M. Lee, Jr., Lieut.-Col. Died (after leaving service) September 21st,
1863.
Charles Wilson, Capt., Co. A. Killed near Farmville, Va., April 7th, 1865.
Peter McGee, 2d Lieut., Co. A. Killed at Ream's Station, Va., August
2Sth, 1864.
Philip R. Schuyler, Capt., Co. C. Died September 21st, 1862, from wounds
received at Antietam.
Clinton Swain, Capt., Co. C. Killed at Fredericksburg, December 13th, 1862.
Horace M. Lee, ist Lieut., Co. F. Died June 3d, 1862, from wounds received
at Fair Oaks.
William H. Van Dyke, ist Lieut., Co. F. Killed at Antietam, September
17th, 1862.
Zadoc Aydelott, 2d Lieut., Co. F. Died January sth, 1863, from wounds
received at Fredericksburg.
285
82D REGIMENT (not including Company B).
James B. Grier, Quartermaster. Killed at Malvern Hill, Va., July ist, 1862.
Robert G. Creighton, ist Lieut., Co. F. Died June 2, 1863, from wounds
received at Cold Harbor, Va.
John H. Delap, Capt., Co. G. Died May 9th, 1863,, from wounds received
at Mayres Heights.
John F. McKernan, 2d Lieut., Co. G. Died April i8th, 1865.
Mark H. Roberts, ist Lieut., Co. K. Killed at Malvern Hill, July ist, 1862.
William H. Myers, ist Lieut., Co. K. Killed at Sailor's Creek, Va., April
6th, 1865.
88th REGIMENT. Philadelphia! Companies C, D, E, F, G, I and K.
Joseph A. McLean, Lieut.-Col. (Berks). Killed at Bull Run, August 30th, 1862.
Charles H. Kartsher, Adjutant. Killed in battle at Fredericksburg, December
13th, 1862.
John J. Belsterling, Capt., Co. C. Killed at Bull Run, August 30th, 1862.
Thomas J. Koch, Capt., Co. A. Killed at Five Forks, Va., April nth, 1865.
Harry Hudson, 2d Lieut., Co. C. Killed by a falling bridge near Mitchell's
Station, Va., August i8th, 1862.
Daniel G. Lehman, ist Lieut., Co. E. Died May 20th, 1865, from wounds
received at Five Forks, Va.
George B. Rhoads, Capt, Co. F. Killed at White Oak Swamp, Va., June
13th, 1864.
George H. Fulton, Lieut. Killed at Fredericksburg, December 13th, 1862.
Jacob Houder, Capt., Co. H. Killed on Weldon R. R., August 19th, 1864.
89TH REGIMENT (8th Cavalry). Philadelphia Companies C, D, E, F, G, H, I,
K, L and part of M.
Peter Keenan, Major. Killed at Chancellorsville, May ■^d, 1863.
J. Hazleton Haddock, Adjutant. Killed at Chancellorsville, May 3d, 1863.
George L. Bragg, Com. Sergeant. Killed August i6th, 1864.
William J. Latta, Capt., Co. I. Died at Washington, October Sth, 1862.
90TH REGIMENT.
Horatio S. Howell, Chaplain. Killed at Gettysburg, July ist, 1863.
Jesse W. Super, ist Lieut., Co. C. Killed at Spotsylvania C. H., May
10th, 1864.
Wilbur F. Myers, Capt., Co. F. Died at Philadelphia, August 24th, 1864.
James S. Bonsall, 2d Lieut. Killed at Weldon Railroad, August 19th, 1864.
Charles W. Duke, ist Lieut., Co. K. Killed at Fredericksburg, December
13th, 1862.
91ST REGIMENT.
George W. Todd, Major. Died December 19th, 1862, from wounds received
at Fredericksburg.
George W. Eyre, Q. M. Died of disease December 31st, 1862.
Thomas H. Parsons, Capt., Co. C. Died June 26th, 1863, from wounds received
at Chancellorsville.
John Stewart, ist Lieut., Co. C. Died June 22d, 1864, from wounds.
John Edgar, Jr., ist Lieut., Co. G. Killed at Hatcher's Run, Va., February
6th, 186s.
James H. Closson, Capt., Co. H. Died November 23d, 1864, from wounds
received at Chancellorsville.
George Black, ist Lieut., Co. H. Died May 6th, 1863, from wounds received
at Chancellorsville.
Horace B. Faust, Capt., Co. D. Died at Bealeton, Va., December i6th, 1863.
George Murphy, ist Lieut., Co. I. Killed at Fredericksburg, December
13th, 1862.
286
92D REGIMENT (9th Cavalry).
Col. Thomas C. James. Died at Philadelphia, January 13th, 1863.
9STH REGIMENT (Gosline's Zouaves).
John M. Gosline, Col. Died June 29th, 1862, from wounds received at
Gaines' Mill, Va. ,,,,,, j o^
Gustavus W. Town, Col. Killed at Salem Church, Va., May 3d, 1863.
Elisha Hall, Lieut.-Col. Killed at Salem Church, Va., May 3ti, 1863.
William B. Hubbs, Major. Died June 29th, 1862, from wounds received at
Gaines' Mill, Va. ^. , ,. ,r j o^
Eugene D. Dunton, Adjutant. Killed at Salem Church, Va., May 3d, 1863.
James J. Carroll, Capt., Co. A. Killed at Sailor's Creek, April 6th, 1865.
T. D. G. Chapman, Capt., Co. C. Killed at Salem Church, Va., May 3d, 1863.
Hamihon Donohue, ist Lieut., Co. C. Killed at Gaines' Mill, June 27th, 1862.
David Hailer, ist Lieut., Co. F. Killed at Salem Church, Va., May 3d, 1863.
Edward Carroll, Lieut.-Col. Killed at the Wilderness, May Sth, 1864.
Thomas Burns, Capt., Co. G. Died October 28th, 1864, from wounds received
at Cedar Creek, Va.
97TH REGIMENT.
George W. Hawkins, Lieut.-Col. Died of wounds August 28th, 1864, received
at Darbytown Road, Va.
Lewis H. Watkins, 2d Lieut., Co. H. Killed at Green Plains, Va., May
2Qth, 1864.
98TH REGIMENT.
John B. Kohler, Lieut.-Col. Killed at Cedar Creek, Va., October 19th, 1864.
John W. Beamish, Major. Killed ab Cold Harbor, Va., June 1st, 1864.
Edward Schwatlo, Adjutant. Killed at Cold Harbor, June 3d, 1864.
Chas. H. Weidman, 2d Lieut., Co. E. Killed at Wilderness, Va., May
5th, 1864.
Christian A. Gallas, 2d Lieut., Co. F. Killed at Malvern Hill, July ist, 1862.
William Sehr, Capt., Co. H. Killed at Malvern Hill, July ist, 1862.
Henry Hohenstein, ist Lieut, Co. I. Died December 13th, 1861.
George Bush, ist Lieut., Co. I. Died May 9th, 1863, from wounds received
at Salem Heights, Va.
Herman Solbrich, ist Lieut., Co. I. Died April 4th, 1865, from wounds
received at Petersburg.
John Heppler, 2d Lieut., Co. K. Killed at Opequan, September 19th, 1864.
99TH REGIMENT.
J. Wesley Chew, 1st Lieut., Co. A. Died January i8th, 1865.
Matthew N. Heiskill, ist Lieut., Co. B. Killed at Petersburg, Va., June
i8th, 1864.
Frederick Klein, ist Lieut., Co. B. Died April 20th, 1865.
Harrison Y. Clifton, ist Lieut., Co. D. Died at Annapolis, Md., from wounds
received at Sailor's Creek, Va.
George W. EUsler, 2d Lieut., Co. F. Killed at Petersburg, Va., September
loth, 1864.
Isador Hirsch, ist Lieut., Co. G. Killed at Petersburg, Va., June 17th, 1864.
John R. Nice, ist Lieut., Co. H. Died July 3d, 1863, from wounds received
at Gettysburg.
, William Fisher, ist Lieut, Co. H. Killed at Petersburg, Va., October loth, 1864.
Lewis F. Waters, Capt., Co. I. Killed at Spotsylvania C. H., Va., May
i2th, 1864.
Thomas R. Birch, ist Lieut., Co. K. Died at Alexandria, Va., January
Sth, 1862.
104TH REGIMENT.
John M. Gries, Major. Died of wounds June 13th, 1862.
28;
io6th regiment.
William L. Curry, Lieut.-Col. Died at Washington, D. C, July 7th, 1864,
from wounds received at Spotsylvania C. H., Va., May nth, 1864.
Ferdinand M. Pleis, Adjutant. Died August 2d, 1863, from vounds received
at Gettysburg.
Charles S. Swartz, ist Lieut., Co. A. Killed at Spotsylvania C. H., Va.,
May I2th, 1864.
William H. Smith, 2d Lieut., Co. B. Killed at Gettysburg, Julv 2d, 1863.
Joshua A. Gage, 2d Lieut., Co. D. Killed at Spotsylvania C. H., May
I2th, 1864.
S. R. Townsend, ist Lieut., Co. E. Killed at Cold Harbor, Va., June Sth,
1864.
Francis E. Foliet, ist Lieut., Co. I. Died April 19th, 1862.
Martin C. Frost, Capt., Co. K.
108TH REGIMENT (nth Cavalry). Company C.
Robert S. Monroe, Major. Killed at Five Forks, Va., April ist, 1865.
Henry B. Neilson, ist Li'eut., Co. C. Killed at Ream's Station, Va., August
2Sth, 1864.
Robert S. Monroe, Capt., Co. E. Killed at Five Forks, April ist, 1865.
WiUiam Lancaster, ist Lieut., Co. E. Killed at Five Forks, Va., April ist, 1865.
J09TH REGIMENT. All Philadelphia Companies excepting two.
Henry J. Stainrook, Col. Killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3d, 1863.
James Glendening, ist Lieut., Co. A. Killed at Wauhatchie, Tenn., October
29th, 1863. (Bates' History.)
Charles W. Norris, 2d Lieut., Co. C. Died June 21st, 1863, from wounds
received at Chancellorsville.
iioTH REGIMENT. Companies E, F, G and I.
William Stewart, Capt., Co. F. Killed at Fort Steadman, Va., March 2Sth, 1865.
William A. Norton, Capt., Co. I. Died at Washington, D. C, from wounds
received at Petersburg, Va.
W. H. Kochersperger, ist Lieut., Co. I. Died April loth, 1862, from wounds
received at Winchester.
II2TH REGIMENT. Heavy Artillery.
James L. Anderson, Col. Killed at Chaffin's Farm, Va., September 29th, 1864.
John S. Jarden, Capt., Co. C. Died November 9*^h, 1863.
Louis Fisher, ist Lieut., Co. K. Died at Petersburg, September 6th, 1865.
n3TH REGIMENT. 12th Cavalry.
Milton Funk, 2d Lieut., Co. C. Killed near Winchester, July 24th, 1864.
114TH REGIMENT (CoUis' Zouaves).
Joseph S. Chandler, Major. Killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3d, 1863.
A. J. Cunningham, Capt., Co. A. Killed at Petersburg, Va., April 2d, 1865.
Henry M. Eddy, Capt., Co. D. Died April nth, 1865, from wounds received
at Petersburg, Va.
Frank A. Elliot, Capt., Co. F. Killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3d, 1863.
Charles E. Henkel, 2d Lieut., Co. G. Died at Morrisville, Va., November
24th, 1862.
George M. Cullen, 2d Lieut., Co. G. Killed at Chancellorsville, May 3d, 1863.
Edward T. Marion, ist Lieut., Co. I. Killed at Petersburg, Va., April
2d, 1865.
H. C. McCarty, ist Lieut, Co. K. Killed at Gettysburg, July 2d, 1863.
iiSTH REGIMENT. Companies A, B, C, E. F, H, I and K.
P. A. Lancaster, Col. Killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3d, 1863.
James Malloy, ist Lieut., Co. B. Died of wounds May 3d, 1863.
288
George Cromley, Capt., Co. C. Killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3d, 1863.
Robert M. Jeffries, Capt., Co. P. Killed near Petersburg, Va., June i6th, 1864.
William L. Houpt, Capt., Co. I. Died at Falmouth, Va., January 26th, 1863.
George R. Curtis, Capt., Co. K. Died at Philadelphia, February 16th, 1863.
116TH REGIMENT.
Richard C. Dale, Lieut.-Col. Killed at Spotsylvania C. H., May 12th, 1864.
Christian Foltz, 2d Lieut., Co. A. Killed at Fredericksburg, Va., December
13th, 1862. „
Henry D. Price, ist Lieut., Co. C. (Brevet Major). Killed near Petersburg,
Va., October 27th, 1864. _ .
Garrett Nowlen, Capt., Co. D. (Brevet Major). Killed at Reams Station,
Va., August 2Sth, 1864.
Eugene Brady, ist Lieut., Co. D. Killed at Five Forks, Va., March 31st, 1865.
Samuel Taggart, Capt, Co. I. (Brevet Major). Killed at Ream's Station,
Va., August 2Sth, 1864.
Robert B. Montgomery, 2d Lieut., Co. L Died December^ 21st, 1862, from
wounds received at Fredericksburg, Va.
Capt. George Halpin, Co. A. Died at close of war from disease contracted
in a Confederate prison.
George H. Bibighaus, 2d Lieut., Co. D. Died at Washington, August 2Sth, 1863.
Henry Keil, 2d Lieut., Co. E. Killed at Spotsylvania C. H., May 21st, 1864.
Robert T. McGuire, ist Lieut., Co. B. Died- at close of war from wound
received at Fredericksburg.
Patrick Casey, ist Lieut., Co. K. Died November 9th, 1862, at Philadelphia,
from wounds received in action.
117TH REGIMENT (13th Cavalry).
Nathan S. Sneyd, Capt., Co. D. Killed at Hatcher's Run, Va., February
6th, 1865.
John Cline, Capt., Co. H. Killed at Hawes' Shop, Va., May 28th, 1864.
118TH REGIMENT (Corn Exchange Regiment).
Dendy Sharwood, Capt., Co. C. Died at Philadelphia, November 21st, 1863.
John Conahey, 2d Lieut., Co. E. Killed at Peeble's Farm,' Va., September
30th, 1864.
John Scott, Capt., Co. F. Killed at Dabney's Mills, Va., February 6th, 1865.
Daniel L. Ware, ist Lieut., Co. F. Died June 23d, 1864, from wounds
received at Cold Harbor, Va.
Courtland Saunders, Capt., Co. G. Killed at Shepherdstown, W. Va., Sep-
tember 2oth, 1862.
Richard W. Davis, Capt., Co. G. Killed at Gettysburg, July 2d,' 1863.
J. Rudhall White, 2d Lieut., Co. G. Killed at Shepherdstown, W. Va., Sep-
tember 20th, 1862.
Joseph W. Ricketts, Capt., Co. K. Killed at Shepherdstown, W. Va., Sep-
tember 20th, 1862.
Charles M. Young, Capt., Co. K. Died October 29th, 1864, from wounds
received at Peeble's Farm, Va.
J. Mora Moss, Jr., 2d Lieut., Co. K. Killed at Shepherdstown, W. Va., Sep-
tember 20th, 1862.
Arthur Steel, 2d Lieut., Co. G. Killed at Pegram's Farm, Va., September
30th, 1864.
119TH REGIMENT (Gray Reserves).
Henry P. Truefitt, Jr., Major. Killed at Spotsylvania C. H., Va., May
I2th, 1864.
John D. Mercer, Adjutant. Killed at Petersburg, Va., April 2d, 1865.
John R. Laurens, Lieut., Co. C. Died May 4th, 1864, of wounds received
at Wilderness.
289
William C. Moss, Capt., Co. D. Died at Washington, February nth, 1864.
Edward E. Coxe, 2d Lieut., Co. D. Died November 22d, 1863, from wounds
received at Rappahannock Station, Va.
George _C. Lovett, 2d Lieut, Co. G. Died May 30th, 1863, from wounds
received at Wilderness, Va.
Edward Ford, Jr., 2d Lieut., Co. I. Killed at Spotsylvania C. H., May
loth, 1864.
Charles P. Warner, Capt., Co. K. Killed at Spotsylvania C. H., May 12th, 1864.
Robert Reaney, 2d Lieut., Co. E. Killed at Rappahannock Station, November
7th, 1863.
Peter W. Rodgers, Capt., Co. B. Killed at Salem Church, Va., May 3d, 1863.
Cephas M. Hodgson, Capt., Co. B. Killed at Rappahannock Station, Va.,
November 7th, 1863.
George C. Humes, Capt., Co. B. Killed at Cold Harbor, Va., June 3d, 1864.
121ST REGIMENT.
Thomas M. Hall, Major. Died at Philadelphia, November 6th, 1864.
John lungerich. Adjutant. Died at Philadelphia, June 24th, 1864, from wounds
received at Jerico Ford, Va.
Samuel B. Haines, Q. M. Died of disease February 23d, 1863.
George W. Brickley, ist Lieut., Co. A. Killed at Fredericksburg, Va., Decem-
ber 13th, 1863.
Joseph Frank Sterling, Capt., Co. C. Died November 6th, 1863, from wounds
received at Gettysburg.
George W. Powell, 2d Lieut., Co. D. Died November 9th, 1863.
M. W. C. Barclay, 2d Lieut., Co. G. Killed at Fredericksburg, Va., Decem-
ber 13th, 1862.
William W. Dorr, Capt., Co. K. Killed at Spotsylvania C. H., May loth, 1864.
147TH REGIMENT. Philadelphia Companies M and P, from 28th Regiment
Wm. H. Hughes, 2d Lieut., Co. D. Killed at Chancellorsville, May 3d, 1863.
Thos. C. Baker, 2d Lieut, Co. D. Died July 5th, 1863, of wounds received
at Gettysburg.
Henry Elliott, 2d Lieut., Co. D. Died August 28th, 1864.
Wm. Tourison, ist Lieut., Co. E. Killed at Gettysburg, July 3d, 1863.
iSoTh REGIMENT (2d Bucktails). Philadelphia Companies A, B, C and F.
H. Chancellor, Jr., ist Lieut., Co. B. Died August 7th, 1863, from wounds
received at Gettysburg.
Cincinnatus Topham, ist Lieut., Co. B. Died at Washington, November
8th, 1862.
Charles P. Keyser, 2d Lieut., Co. B. Killed at Gettysburg, July ist, 1863.
160TH REGIMENT (isth Cavalry).
A. G. Rosengarten, Major. Killed at Stone River, Tenn., December 29th, 1862.
Harvey _S. Lingle, ist Lieut., Co. G. Died December 29th 1863, from wounds
received at Mossey Creek, Tenn.
Evan W. Grubb, 2d Lieut., Co. G. Killed at Stone's River, Tenn., December
31st, 1862.
Washington Airey, Capt., Co. L. Captured and died August 12th, 1865, from
consequent hardships.
180TH REGIMENT (19th Cavalry). Not including Companies L and M.
Edward Freeman, ist Lieut., Co. C. Died at Philadelphia, December 26th, 1864.
James E. Wenrick, Capt, Co. E. Died while a prisoner of war at Columbia,
S. C, October 23d, 1864.
181ST REGIMENT (20th Cavalry).
John C. Henry, Capt, Co. G. Died August 20th, 1864, from wounds re-
ceived at Winchester, Va.
19
ago
183D REGIMENT.
John M. Ottinger, ist Lieut., Co. A. Killed at Spotsylvania C. H., January
13th, 1864.
Charles H. Hamm, ist Lieut, Co. B. Died March 26th, 1863.
Benjamin B. Lathbury, ist Lieut., Co. C. Died at Richmond, Va., June 27th,
1864, from wounds received in action.
Alexander Campbell, Capt., Co. F. Died at Philadelphia, June 20th, 1864.
Joseph R. Smith, Capt., Co. G. Killed at Cold Harbor, Va., June 3d, 1864.
John Digman, Capt., Co. H. Died at Danville, Va., December 21st, 1864
John H. Hutt, Capt., Co. K. Killed at Spotsylvania C. H., Va., May 12th, 1864.
188TH REGIMENT.
Herman C. Moeller, Capt., Co. C. Killed at Cold Harbor, Va., June ist, 1864.
William Dieterlie, ist Lieut, Co. C. Killed at Cold Harbor, Va., June
1st, 1864.
Adam W. Mattice, 2d Lieut, Co. C. Killed at Cold Harbor, June 3d, 1864.
Hiram R. Shinkel, Capt, Co. E. Died at Richmond, Va., from wounds
received at Drur/s Bluff, May i6th, 1864.
Henry E. Breel, Capt., Co. I. Died September 22d, 1864, from wounds re-
ceived at Cold Harbor.
192D REGIMENT (6 months' service).
William E. Tyndale, ist Lieut., Co. B. Drowned October 21st, 1864.
198TH REGIMENT.
Edwin A. Glenn, Major. Died at City Point, Va., April nth, 1865, from
wounds received at Five Forks.
Charles I. McEwen, Major. Died from wounds received at Lewis Farm,
March 31st 1865.
George W. Mulfrey, Capt., Co. C. Died from wounds received at Lewis
Farm, Va., March 31st, 1865.
Andrew A. Pomeroy, Capt., Co. I. Killed at White Oak Road, Va., March
31st, 1865.
Charles W. Frasier, ist Lieut., Co. L. Died February 7th, 1865, from wounds
received at Hatcher's Run.
I99TH REGIMENT.
Patrick O'Murphy, Capt, Co. D. Killed at Fort Gregg, Va., April 2d, 1856.
Robert McMillan, ist Lieut., Co. I. Killed at Fort Gregg, Va., April 2d, 1865.
203D REGIMENT.
John W. Moore, Col. Killed at Fort Fisher, N. C, January isth, 1865.
Jacob T. Smallwood, Capt., Co. C. Killed at Fort Fisher, N. C, January
iSth, 1865.
R. W. Hemphill, ist Lieut., Co. H. Died of wounds February 13th, 1865.
210TH REGIMENT.
William Sergeant, Col. Died April nth, 1865, from wounds received at Five
Forks, Va.
INDEPENDENT BATTERY A (3 years' service).
Philip Seeker, 2d Lieut. Died at Philadelphia, July 30th, 1862.
INDEPENDENT COMPANY, ENGINEERS.
Albert S. White, Capt. Died at Philadelphia, March 29th, 1863.
THE MISSISSIPPI RAM FLEET.
Charles Ellet, Col., U. S. Engineers, Commander. Died June 21st, 1862, from
a wound received near Memphis during a naval engagement.
Charles Rivers Ellet, Col., Mississippi River Marine Brigade. Died at Bunker
Hill, 111., October i6th, 1863.
291
U. S. Army
13TH U. S. INFANTRY.
Archibald Hill Engle, Major. Killed at Resaca, Ga., May 14th, 1864.
Charles H. Brightly, U. S. A., Capt., 4th U. S. Infantry. Died Tune oth, 1864.
from wounds received in the Wilderness.
Charles Lombaert Kneass, Brevet Major, U. S. Army. Killed at Stone River
Tenn., December 31st, 1862.
1ST U. S. ARTILLERY.
William K. Pollock, 2d Lieut. Died at Fort Macon, N. C, August 4th 1863
2D U. S. ARTILLERY.
John Trout Greble, Lieut. Killed at Big Bethel, Va., June loth, 1861
Ulric Dahlgren, Col. of Cavalry. Killed during a raid under Gen. Kilpatrick,
near Richmond, March, 1864.
Caesar Rodney Fisher, U. S. A., ist Lieut., Cavalry. Died May 12th, 1864 from
wounds received at Upperville, Va.
Charles Douglas Waterman, Lieut.. U. S. Engineer Corps. Died September
28th, 1864, at Bordentown, N. J.
J. Penrose Ash, Brevet Lieut.-Col., sth U. S. Cavalry.
8TH U. S. COLORED INFANTRY.
Charles W. Fribley, Col. Killed at Olustee, Fla., February 20th, 1864.
iSTH REGIMENT ENGINEERS, NEW YORK.
Walter Scott, 2d Lieut. (Date of death unknown.)
40TH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS.
Washington Peel, ' ist Lieut. Killed before Petersburg, 1864.
Orlando G. Wagner, Brevet Capt., U. S. A. Died from wounds received at
Yorktown, April 21st, 1862.
6th regiment, U. S. COLORED INFANTRY.
Rev. Jeremiah Asher, Chaplain. Died at Wilmington, N. C.
Fred. Meyer, Lieut., Co. B. Killed at Chaffin's Farm, Va., September 2gth,
1864.
Henry Herbert, Capt., Co. G. Died at Goldsboro, N. C, May isth, 1865.
! DETACHED VOLUNTEER OFFICERS.
Henry J. Biddle, Capt. and A. A. G., Pennsylvania Reserve Corps. Died while
prisoner at Richmond, July 20th, 1862.
William D. Kirk, ist Lieut. (Commissary). Died at Alexandria, Va,, June
28th, 1864. from wounds received at Todd's Tavern.
Thomas H. Elliott, Capt. and A. A. G., formerly ist Lieut., Co. H, 28th In-
fantry. Killed near Atlanta, July, 1864.
The following commanding ofiiicers of Philadelphia regiments were
killed or died after separation from the regiments by reason of pro-
motion or who were not citizens of Philadelphia and therefore are
not included in the foregoing list:
23D REGIMENT.
David B. Birney, Brig. Gen. Died October i8th, 1864.
61ST REGIMENT.
O. H. Rippey, Colonel. Killed at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862.
292
7STH REGIMENT.
Henry Bohlen, Brig.-Gen. Killed at Freeman's Ford, Va., August 22d, 1862.
8ist REGIMENT.
James Miller, Colonel. Killed at Fair Oaks, May 31st, 1862.
88th regiment.
Joseph A. McLean, Colonel. Killed at second Bull Run, August 30th, 1862.
iioTH REGIMENT.
James D. Crowther, Colonel. Killed at Chancellorsville, May 3d, 1863.
116TH REGIMENT.
Richard C. Dale, Lieut.-Col. Killed at Spotsylvania, May 12th, 1864.
183D REGIMENT.
J. F. McCuUough, Colonel. Killed in action. May 31st, 1864.
CITIZENS OF PHILADELPHIA WHO GAINED THE RANK
OF GENERAL OFFICERS
(With Dates of Commissions)
REGULAR ARMY.
McClELLAn, GeoRGE B., Major-General, Commander Armies of the United States,
November Sth, 1861.
Meade, George G., Major-General, Commander Army of the Potomac, June 28th,
1863.
BRIGADIER-GENERALS.
Blake, George Alexander H March 13th, 1865
Barnes, Joseph K., Surgeon-General August 22d, 1864.
Hardin, Martin D March 13th, 1865.
Meigs, Montgomery C, Quartermaster-General May 15th, i86i.
McKibbin, David Bell March 13th, 1865.
VOLUNTEER ARMY.
MAJOR-GENERALS.
Patterson, Robert April i6th, 1861.
Birney, David B. (Died October i8th, 1864) May 20th, 1863.
Cadwalader, George April 2Sth, 1862.
Crawford, Samuel Wylie August ist, 1864.
Franklin, William B July i6th, 1862.
Heintzelman, Samuel P July i6th, 1862.
Humphreys, Andrew A July Sth, 1863.
*Parke, John Grubb July i8th, 1862.
Reno, Jesse L. (Killed at South Mountain, Md., Sep-
tember 14th, 1862) August 20th, 1862.
Smith, Andrew J May 14th, 1864.
Smith, Charles Ferguson (Died April 2Sth, 1862) March 22d, 1862.
293
BREVET MAJOR-GENERALS OF VOLUNTEERS*
Collis. Charles H. T March 13th, 1865.
Gregory, Edgar M August Qth, 1866.
Gwyn, James April ist, 1865.
Kane, Thomas Leiper March 13th, 1865.
Mindil, George Washington March 13th, 1865.
MulhoUand, St. Clair A March isth, 1865.
Neill, Thomas H March 13th, 1865.
Pennypacker, Galusha (Major-General, U. S. A., March
2d, 1867) March 13th, 1865.
Sickel, Horatio Gates March 13th, 1865.
Tyndale, Hector March 13th, 1865.
BRIGADIER-GENERALS OF VOLUNTEERS.
Bohlen, W. Henry C. (Killed at Freeman's Ford, August
22d, 1862) April 28th, 1862.
Brisbin, James S May 3d, 1865.
Brooke, John Rutter May 12th, 1864.
Campbell, Charles T March 17th, 1863.
Hays, Alexander (Killed in the Wilderness, May Sth,
1864) September 29th, 1862.
Haupt, Herman (Appointment vacated September 5th,
1863) September Sth, 1862.
Keim, William H. (Died May i8th, 1862) December 20th, 1861.
Meredith, Sullivan A November 2gth, 1862.
Naglee, Henry M February 4th, 1862.
Owen, Joshua T November 29th, 1862.
Patterson, Francis E. (Died November 27th, 1862) . ..April iSth, 1862.
Porter, Andrew May 17th, 1861.
Sully, Alfred G. September 6th. 1862.
Von Schimmelfennig, Alexander (Died September 7th.
1865) November 29th, 1863.
Wistar, Isaac J November 29th, 1862.
Williams, David H November 29th, 1862.
BREVET BRIGADIER-GENERALS.
Ballier, John F July 13th, 1864.
Bassett, Isaac C December 12th, 1864.
Baxter, DeWitt C • • March 13th, 1865.
Biles, Edwin R March 13th, i86s.
Bodine, Robert L March 13th, 1865.
♦GENERAL ORDER No. 72.
Washington, March 24th, 1863.
An Act to authorize the brevetting of volunteer and other officers in the
United States Service : Be it enacted, etc, That the President of the United States
be, and hereby is authorized, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate,
to confer brevet rank upon such commissioned officers as have been or may
hereafter be distinguished by gallant actions or meritorious conduct, which rank
and title shall not entitle them to any increase of pay or emoluments.
By order of the Secretary of War.
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjutant General.
294
Briscoe, James C March 13th, 1865.
Clark, Gideon March 13th, 1865.
Clay, Cecil March 13th, 1865.
Cummings, Alexander April i8th, l86s.
Ely, John April 15th, 1865.
Flynn, John May 13th, 1865.
Foust, Benezet F March 13th, 1863.
Frink, Henry A August isth, 1865.
Fritz, Peter, Jr March 13th, 1865.
'Gile, George W • -May 6th, 1865.
Gilbert, Charles Champion September 9th, 1862.
Gallagher, Thomas F March 13th, 1865.
Herring, Charles P March 13th, 1865.
Hofmann, J. William August i, 1864.
Huey, Pennock March 13th, 1865. ,
Irwin, William H March 13th, 1865.
Knowles, Oliver B March 13th, 1865.
Lynch, James C March 13th, 1865.
Leech, William Albert March 13th, 1865.
Lewis, William D., Jr March 13th, i86s.
Lyle, Peter .' March 13th, 1865.
McCormick, Charles C- March 13th, 1865.
Markoe, John March 13th, 1865.
Merrill, Lewis, U. S. A March 13th, 1865.
Morton, James St. Clair, U. S. A. (Killed at Peters-
burg, Va., June 17th, 1864) March 13th, 1863.
Morehead, Turner G March iSth, 1865.
Murphy, John K March 13th, 1865.
Palmer, William J November 6th, 1864.
*Potter, Carroll Hagedorn March 13th, 1865.
Price, Richard B March 13th, 1865.
Prevost, Charles M March 13th, 1865.
♦Patterson, Robert Emmett March 13th, 1865.
*Reno, Marcus A March 13th, 1865.
Rufif, Charles Frederick March 13th, 1865.
Selfridge, James L March 13th, 1865.
Thompson, Robert March 13th, 1865.
Tilghman, Benjamin C March 13th, 1865.
West, Robert M April ist, 1865.
Wagner, Louis March 13th, 1865.
Wister, Langhorne March 13th, 1865.
Winslow, Robert E March 13th, 1865.
Zulick, Samuel M March 13th, 1865.
PROMOTIONS BY BREVET IN PHILADELPHIA REGIMENTS, BELOW
THE RANK OF BRIGADIER-GENERAL.
(Compiled from the annual reports of the Adjutant-General of Pennsylvania for
the years 1865 and 1867.)
Anderson, William, First Lieut., 99th Infantry; brevet captain April 6th, 1865.
Armor, William C, Capt., 28th Infantry; brevet major March 13th, 1865.
Ashbrook, Joseph, Capt., 118th Infantry; brevet major July 6th, 1864.
Ashurst, Richard L., Adjutant, 150th Infantry; brevet major March 13th, 1865.
Ayres, Peter B., First Lieut., 90th Infantry; brevet captain April 6th, 1865.
♦Graduates of the U. S. Military Academy.
295
Banes, Charles H., Capt., 72d Infantry; brevet captain and assistant adjutant-
general May 15th, 1863.
Benson, R. Dale, First Lieut., 114th Infantry; brevet captain and major March
13th, 1865.
Binney, Horace, Capt., il8th Infantry; brevet major March 13th, 1865.
Bonnaffon, Sylvester, Jr., Capt., gpth Infantry; brevet major and lieutenant-colonel
March 13th, i86s.
Brady, James, Lieut.-Col., ist Artillery; brevet colonel March 13th, 1865.
Brinton, Robert M., Major, 2d Cavalry; brevet lieutenant-colonel April ist, 1865.
Brinton, Joseph P., Lieut.-Col., 2d Cavalry; brevet colonel August ist, 1864.
Breitenbach, J. R., Capt., io6th Infantry; brevet major aijd lieutenant-colonel
March 13th, 1865.
Brooke, William Rawle, Capt., 3d Cavalry; brevet major March 13th, 1865.
Cadwalader, C. N., Capt., 2d Artillery; brevet major and lieutenant-colonel March
13th, 1865.
Cavada, Frederick F., Capt., 23d Infantry; brevet captain and assistant adjutant-
general July 14th, 1862.
Casner, John F., Capt., 91st Infantry; brevet major October 27th, 1864.
Cassells, John, Major, nth Cavalry; brevet lieutenant-colonel March 13th, 1865.
Clark, Charles P., Capt., 99th Infantry; brevet major and lieutenant-colonel March
13th, 1865.
Clark, William, Capt., 82d Infantry; brevet major September 19th, 1864.
Clark, William, Major, 82d Infantry; brevet lieutenant-colonel April 6th, 1865.
Clarke, Gideon, Lieut.-Col., 119th Infantry; brevet colonel April 2d, 1865.
Carpenter, J. Edward, Capt., 8th Cavalry; brevet major March 13th, 1865.
Cosslett, Charles, Capt., ii6th Infantry; brevet major March 13th, 1865.
Crosby, J. W., Major, 6ist Infantry; brevet lieutenant-colonel July 12th, 1865.
Colwell, James, First Lieut., 82d Infantry; brevet captain April 6th, 1865.
Davis, Charles L., Capt., 82d Infantry; captain Signal Corps, U. S. A., March
3d, 1863.
Dechert, Robert P., Major, 29th Infantry; brevet lieutenant-colonel March 13th,
1865.
Dutton, James, First Lieut., 119th Infantry; brevet captain April 6th, 1865.
Fagan, Maurice E., Capt., 19th Infantry; brevet major and lieutenant-colonel March
13th, 1865.
Fayman, B. J., First Lieut., 91st Infantry; brevet captain, major, lieutenant-colonel
and colonel August i8th, 1864.
Foering, John O., First Lieut., 28th Infantry; brevet captain March 13th, 1865.
Frink, West, Major, 121st Infantry; brevet lieutenant-colonel April ist, 1865.
Ford, Edward L., Capt., 99th Infantry; brevet captain and aide-de-camp. Tenth
Corps, September 3d, 1864.
Fry, William H., Major, i6th Cavalry; brevet lieutenant-colonel March 13th, 1865.
Glenn, E. A., Major, 198th Infantry; brevet major and lieutenant-colonel April
1st, 1865.
Givin, Alexander W., First Lieut., 114th Infantry; brevet captain March 13th, 1865.
Goodman, Samuel, Adjt., 28th Infantry; brevet captain, major, lieutenant-colonel,
colonel March 13th, 1865.
Goodman, William E., Capt., 147th Infantry; brevet major March 13th, 1865.
Gordon, David, Capt., psth Infantry; brevet major April 6th, 1865.
Gray, William C, Major, 119th Infantry; brevet lieutenant-colonel April 6th, 1865.
Griffith, Orlp.ndo B., Capt., 82d Infantry; brevet colonel March 13th, 1865.
Gunther, William L., Capt., 198th Infantry; brevet major April ist, 1865.
Harper, John, Major, 95th Infantry; brevet lieutenant-colonel October 19th, 1864.
Harper, John, Lieut.-Col., pSth Infantry; brevet colonel April 6th, 1865.
Hand, Charles H., First Lieut., Il8th Infantry; brevet captain September 30th, 1864.
Hand, Charles H., Capt, 118th Infantry; brevet major April ist, 1865.
Hamersly, G. W., Quartermaster, i86th Infantry; brevet captain and major August
iSth, 1865.
296
Hartley, James, First Lieut., 114th Infantry; brevet captain April 9th, 1865.
Hassinger, David S., First Lieut., 119th Infantry; brevet captain April 6th, 1865.
Hill, William H, Capt., 99th Infantry; brevet first lieutenant. Signal Corps, U.
S. A., March 3d, 1863. . . ., , ,
Hindmarsh, Henry E., Lieut., gsth Infantry; brevet captain and major April oth,
1865.
Hughes, Robert B., Lieut.-Col., 199th Infantry; brevet colonel April 2d, 1865.
Ivers, Albert, Capt., 82d Infantry; brevet major April 6th, 1865.
Jones, D. D., Lieut, and Quartermaster, 88th Infantry; brevet captain July 17th,
1862.
Kimball, J. W., Capt, 198th Infantry; brevet major April ist, 1865.
Knight, William H., Capt., 82d Infantry; brevet major April 6th, 1865.
Landeli, E. A., Capt., 119th Infantry; brevet major December 5th, 1864.
Landell, E. A., brevet lieutenant-colonel April 6th, 1865.
Lambert, William Harrison, isth Cavalry (and adjutant 33d N. J. Infantry) ; brevet
major March 13th, 1865.
Lambdin, J. Harrison, First Lieut., 121st Infantry; brevet captain and A. A. G.
May i8th, 1865.
Latta, James W., Capt., 119th Infantry; brevet captain and A. A. G. April
20th, 1864.
Lentz, David H., Quartermaster, 91st Infantry; brevet captain and A. Q. M.
May 8th, 1864.
McCalla, Theodore H., Major, 9Sth Infantry; brevet lieutenant-colonel March
13th, 1865.
Mead, James P., Capt., 88th Infantry; brevet major and lieutenant-colonel March
13th, 1865.
Meade, George, Second Lieut., 6th Cavalry; brevet captain and aide de camp to
Genl. Meade May 22d, 1863.
Mitchell, S. B. Wylie, Surgeon, 8th Cavalry; brevet lieutenant-colonel March 13th,
1865.
Mitchell, James H., Capt., 8ist Infantry; brevet major March 13th, 1865.
Mitchell, R. W., First Lieut., 6th Cavalry; brevet captain and aide de camp to
Genl. Reynolds April 2Sth, 1863.
Morris, Thomas, First Lieut., 119th Infantry; brevet captain April 6th, 1865.
Morrow, A. J., Lieut.-Col., 6th Cavalry; brevet colonel March 13th, 1865.
Neiler, James R., Lieut-Col., 82d Infantry; brevet colonel April 6th, 1865.
Newlin, Alfred S., Capt., 114th Infantry; brevet major April 9th, 1865.
Newhall, Frederick C, Capt., 6th Cavalry; brevet major and aide de camp to
Gen. Sheridan May 3d, 1864.
Nicholson, John P., Quartermaster, 28th Infantry; brevet captain, major and
lieutenant-colonel March 13th, 1865.
Northrop, B. T., First Lieut., fed Infantry; brevet captain April 6th, 1865.
Nowlen, Garrett Capt., ii6th Infantry; brevet major August 2Sth, 1864.
O'Brien, John T., Capt., 82d Infantry; brevet major and lieutenant-colonel April
6th, 1865.
O'Neil, Henry, Major, ii8th Infantry; brevet lieutenant-colonel December 2d, 1864.
Orr, Robert L., Capt., 6lst Infantry; brevet major September 22d, 1864.
Orr, Robert L., Lieut.-Col., 6ist Infantry; brevet colonel April 2d, 1865.
Paul, Frank W., First Lieut., 2d Artillery; brevet captain March 13th, 1865.
Paul, H. W., Capt, Sth Cavalry; brevet major April Sth, 1865.
Prenot, Louis P., Capt., 82d Infantry; brevet major September 17th, 1864.
Reen, Charles, Lieut-Col., 9Sth Infantry; brevet colonel April 2d, 1865.
Roberts, Joseph W. P., First Lieut, 82d Infantry; brevet captain April 6th, 1865.
Rosengarten, Adolph G., Major, isth Cavalry; brevet colonel December 29th, 1862.
Rosengarten, Joseph G., First Lieut., 121st Infantry; brevet captain March 13th,
1865.
Saylor, Benjamin, Capt., 119th Infantry; brevet captain and commissary April
20th, 1864.
297
Sacriste, Louis J., Capt, ii6th Infantry; brevet major March 13th, 1865.
Sellers, Alfred J., Major, 90th Infantry; brevet lieutenant-colonel and colonel
March 13th, 1865.
Shenner, Benjamin C, Capt., 114th Infantry; brevet major April gth, i86s.
Silas Crispen, Capt. of Ordnance, U. S. A.; brevet lieutenant-colonel March 13th,
1865.
Smith, Charles Ross, Lieut.-Col., 6th Cavalry; brevet colonel March 13th, 1865.
Street, William L., First Lieut., 88th Infantry; brevet major March 13th, 1865.
Taylor, Samuel W., First Lieut, 26th Infantry; captain and aide d« camp to
Gen. Hooker May 21st, 1864.
Todd, George W., Major, 91st Infantry; brevet lieutenant-colonel December 13th,
1862.
Treichel, Charles, Major, 3d Cavalry; brevet lieutenant-colonel March 13th, 1865.
Veale, Moses, Capt., logth Infantry; brevet major March 13th, 1865.
Vezin, Henry A., Capt, 5th Cavalry; brevet major and lieutenant-colonel April
9th, 1865.
Vogel, T. K, First Lieut., 198th Infantry; brevet captain April oth, 1865.
Walters, A. H., Capt, ii8th Infantry; brevet major July 6th, 1864.
Warner, Henry C, Capt, 119th Infantry; brevet major April 2d, 1865.
Wessels, Francis, Capt., io6th Infantrv; brevet major and lieutenant-colonel March
13th, 1865.
White, C A., Adjt, 8th Cavalrj; brevet captain March 13th, 1865.
Whitehead, G. Irvine, First Lieut, 6th CavcJry; brevet major and judge advocate
March nth, 1863.
Wilson, William, Lieut-Col., 8ist Infantry; brevet colonel March 13th, 1865.
Wilson, James B., Capt, 118th Infantry; brevet major September 30th, 1864.
Weidersheim, Wm. A., Capt, ngth Infantry; brevet major April 6th, 1865.
Williams, John W., First Lieut., 6th Cavalry; brevet captain and A. A. G. April
14th, 1862,
Woodward, Evan M., Adjutant 2d Reserves; brevet captain March 13th, 1865.
Woodeard, George W., Private, isth Cavalry; brevet captain and A. A. G.
February 8th, 1865.
Wrigley, Samuel, Capt, 198th Infantry; brevet major March 13th, 1865.
REGIMENTS LOSING FIFTY OR MORE KILLED OR FATALLY
WOUNDED*
ABOVE TWO HUNDRED.
Second Heavy Artillery; 6ist, 72d and Sist Infantry.
ABOVE ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY.
Forty-third (ist Artillery Reserves) ; 28th, 69th, 9Sth, and ii6th Infantry.
ABOVE ONE HUNDRED.
Seventh, nth, i6th, 17th Cavalry; 41st Infantry (12th Reserves), 23d, 26th,
29th, s6th, 71st, 73d, 82d, 88th, 90th, 91st and i88th Infantry.
ABOVE FIFTY.
Second, Sth. 8th, 9th, 13th, 14th, i8th Cavalry; 31st (2d Reserves), 32d
(3d Reserves), 33d (4th Reserves), 36th (7th Reserves), s8th, 67th, 68th, 74th, 7Sth,
104th, 109th, 114th, 147th, 183d, 187th and 203d Infantry.
*Dyer's Compendium.
298
BATTLES IN WHICH PHILADELPHIA TROOPS SUSTAINED THE
GREATEST LOSSES OF ANY COMMANDS IN ACTION.*
KlUea, Wounded
and Missing.
Fair Oaks 6ist Regiment 263
Shepherdstown ii8th Regiment 269
Fort Stevens, D. C 98th Regiment 36
Strawberry Plains iioth Regiment 31
Fort Fisher 203d Regiment 191
Sailor's Creek 82d Regiment 89
Brandy Station 6th Cavalry 29
Wilson's Raid nth Cavalry 183
White Sulphur Springs, 14th Cavalry 102
Shepherdstown (July, 1863) i6th Cavalry 24
BOY SOLDIERS OF '61. '65
I
' N the course of a recent editorial in the Saturday
Evening Post it was stated that the Union Armies
of the Civil War included eight hundred and
" forty-six thousand boys sixteen years of age or
less, one million one hundred and fifty thousand of
eighteen years or less, and that ninety thousand boys
died in battle or from disease while in the service.
Every boy wanted to be a soldier. Thousands of
mothers trembled as they watched the martial fever lay
hold upon the veins of their school-boy sons. Thou-
sands of these children wept as the mustering officer
turned them away from the doors of the recruiting sta-
tions. In every vacant lot infant officers were drilling
their puerile squads. It was hard in those stirring days
to be so young, when the best one could do was to
march along abreast of the stunning bands of the
never-ending regiments of other and older boys, on
their way to the waiting military trains at Broad and
Prime streets, or to go down to the Navy Yard and
see the ships sail away. It was great to grow big enough and tall enough
to get into even the Home Guards.
At the High School it was ordained that any pupil, in the highest
grade, who enlisted was entitled to graduate with his class, although
♦These figures, from Fox's "Regimental Losses," vary, in some instances, from
other accepted records.
They do not include the losses of the 6th and 8th Regiments, U. S. Colored
Troops, at Chaffin's Farm, Va., and Olustee, Florida, of which records have not
been published.
299
absent on duty. Of twenty students who were examined for the position
of third assistant engineer in the navy none were rejected.
"The Boys' Own Infantry" was enrolled in the Home Guard Brigade,
and in Col. Eakins' Third Regiment of the same organization a company
of engineer cadets from the Polytechnic College served in guarding the
great Du Pont Powder Works on Brandywine Creek.
Major G. Eckendorf, a well-known tactician, was engaged at many of
the public schools in drill instruction. This officer also drilled officers
of boy companies and regiments in evolutions and the manual of arms.
Military schools, in which the pupils wore uniforms, were numerous and
popular. The students of the Pennsylvania Military Academy and the
Courtland Saunders Cadets repeatedly gave exhibition drills at the Acad-
emy of Music and at Musical Fund Hall before admiring audiences. The
latter organization, sixty strong, under Capt. N. Browne, Jr., was es-
pecially remarkable for its perfect discipline. It originated at the Saunders
Institute in West Philadelphia, and was named in honor of the son of
the principal, the youthful captain of Company G, ii8th Regiment, who
was one of the many Philadelphia boys of the "Corn Exchange" Regi-
ment, sacrificed by reason of military mischance at Shepherdstown, West
Virginia, upon that fateful September 20th, 1862. Post 21, G. A. R.,
continues to keep alive the memory of the lamented Capt. Courtland
Saunders.
A fine battalion of boy cadets was connected with the Hlasko In-
stitute at 219 South Broad street, and was frequently to be seen in
parades.
Another favorite company was the Wyers' Academic Cadets, which
is on record as having paraded down Chestnut street on September 13th,
1863.
Southwark was proud of its Lyle Cadets, some of whom were but
seven years old. They were drilled by Capt. Hincken, who commanded
the Pulaski Guards.
The "Minute Guards" of the Jefferson Grammar School, Philadelphia
Cadets, Pennsylvania Cadets and National Guard Cadets were connected
with Gen. Pleasonton's Home 'Guard Brigade. Naturally, Zouave Cadet
companies and Zouave gymnastics appealed strongly to the youthful
imagination, and the red-legged cohorts of juveniles lent color to many
a public display of martial character, and many a recruit for the 23d,
72d and 9Sth Regiments was gained from among these juvenile organiza-
tions. Several companies of Zouaves went to the war from Capt. Louis
Hillebrand's gymnasium at Ninth and Arch streets. (23d Regiment.)
The Philadelphia Sketch Club, composed of young artists and art
students, was represented in the Union Army at different times by
several of its older members, one of whom was killed in battle; others
of the club were active in painting battle flags and transparencies of
patriotic design.
Every ship of war that slid from its cradle into the Delaware River,
300
every ship that came into port proudly, with prizes and to mend the
scars of conflict, carried away boys of Philadelphia, and many, many
indeed, never came home when the blockading and the sea fighting was
done. The sailors have few monuments to mark the place where they
fought and died for their flag and the country.
No accurate record can be made, from any reliable material, of
the number of our Philadelphia boys who perished by reason of the
war, but the loss to this community, in its natural rate of increase, is
suggested in the fact that in the decade ending with i860 the population
gained twenty-nine per cent. In the decade following the gain was
but nineteen per cent., an increased proportion of which was of foreign
origin. The loss of its native stock is a heavy part of the price of this
city, in common with the country at large, paid as tribute to the cause of
the National Union.
GRADUATES AND STUDENTS OF THE CENTRAL HIGH
SCHOOL WHO SERVED IN THE ARMY AND NAVY
THE Central High School of Philadelphia was represented in
the Union service, upon land and sea, in its roll of graduates and
students by one hundred and sixty-seven commissioned of-
ficers, one hundred and fourteen non-commissioned officers and
privates in the volunteer and regular armies, and by sixty commissioned
officers in the Navy and nineteen in the Marine Corps, a total of three
hundred and sixty. Of these thirty-nine were killed or died in the service.*
Among those most distinguished for service were Robert Porter
Dechert, James W. Latta, Charles H. Banes, Samuel B. Roney, Frederick
Williams, Albert L. Magilton, Charles Parham, William J. Palmer,
Gustavus W. Town, George W. Mindil, Edwin R. Biles, Charles Kochers-
perger, Frederick F. Cavada, William A. Leech, Robert B. Potter,
Henry Pleasants, Frederick E. Crosman, Lewis H. Pelouze, Thomas H.
Addicks, James T. Bates, Andrew J. Town, Theodore McMurtrie, Cyrus
S. Detre, Louis G. Sacriste, Richard J. Levis (surgeon), William H.
Gobrecht (surgeon), S. B. Wylie Mitchell, Thomas H. Town, Elisha Hall,
John S. Jarden, Silas Crispin, Thomas I. Leiper, Cornelius Widdis, Wil-
liam A. Wiedersheim, Charles H. Brightly, Charles H. Gibson, William
H. Harrison, Lemuel B. Norton, Frederick A. Sorber, John T. Greble
(first Union officer killed), Orlando G. Wagner, Edward E. Coxe,
Joshua S. Garsed, William R. Peddle, Robert J. Park, Jr., James F.
McElhone, Edwin Ford, Joseph Mora Moss and Edwin Walton.
*A complete list may be found in a small brochure printed in 1864, entitled:
"Contribution of the Central High School of Philadelphia to the War," compiled
by Nicholas H. Maguire, Principal.
U. OF P. IN WAR
THE "Alumni Register," University of Pennsylvania, has recently
published (1913) a list of the Alumni and students of the
University who served in the armies of the North and South in
the course of the Civil War. The compiler, Dr. Ewing Jordan,
has recorded 927 names, and there yet remain a large number not tabu-
lated. Nearly 500 of those already listed came from the medical de-
partment, having served as surgeons or surgical assistants.
The notables in the surgical department of the Confederate Army were
largely University of Pennsylvania men. John Clifford Pemberton, of
Philadelphia, Lieut.-Gen. in the Confederate Army, was a graduate of
the University. Distinguished Alumni among Union officers included
Major-Gens. George B. McClellan, John Grubb Parke, Samuel Wylie
Crawford, Brigadier-Gens. Leslie, Cadwalader, Roberts, Meredith, Tilgh-
man, West, Patterson, Tevis, Neill, Morton, La Motte, Clay, Markoe and
Leiper.
A mural tablet at the University of Pennsylvania contains the
names of the following University of Pennsylvania men who fell in the
Union service: John Richter Jones, Francis Engle Patterson, Henry
Jonathan Biddle, Thomas S. Martin, William Piatt, Jr., Albert Owen
Stille, Charles Frederick Taggart, Charles Iszard Maclean, Henry Court-
land Whelan, Daniel P. Buckley, James Hamilton Kahn, Charles Baker
Riehle, John Haseltine Haddock, George McClelland Bredin, Francis
Gordon Dalton, Archibald Hill Engle, Robert Patterson Engle and George
William Powell.
QIRARD COLLEGE IN THE ARMY
THOUGH Girard College was founded but thirteen years before
the outbreak of the Civil War, and though no students could
be admitted into the College who were over ten years of age,
the institution was well represented in the armies for the Union,
both from the lists of those who had gone out to apprenticeships in ad-
vance of the outbreak of the war, and those who left the College to go
to the service of their country.
A total of one hundred and eighty-five names are reported as having
enlisted. Of these the verification of service has been made up to this
time of one hundred and twenty-four men; of these twelve saw service
301
302
as commissioned officers, twenty-eight as non-commissioned officers,
eighty-one as privates and three as musicians.
Of the foregoing, seventeen are known to have died in service, and
of the total of one hundred and eighty-five reported twelve additional are
said to have lost their lives.
Among those most distinguished in service were Henry M. Steel,
William H. Kilpatrick, George H. Bartram, Joseph Blascheck, Daniel W.
Bussinger, David Chambers, Theodore L. DeBow, Enoch E. Gilbert,
William F. Hilton, William Miller, Thomas Orr, Charles W. Raphun,
Charles N. Vollum, Henry E. Wrigley and Henry T. Crosby.
A PENNSYLVANIA MONUMENT AT COLD HARBOR
THE State of Pennsylvania has caused to be placed upon the
battlefield of Cold Harbor, Va., a monument dedicated to the
commands of the Commonwealth which participated in the
operations from May 31st to June 12, 1864, incident to and
during the battle at that point.
The organizations inscribed include two batteries of light artillery,
two regiments of heavy artillery, eleven regiments of cavalry and sixty-
five regiments of infantry. The Philadelphia troops thus honored are.
the 2d Heavy Artillery, the Second Provisional Heavy Artillery,
6 1 St, 67th, 68th, 69th, 71st, 72d, 8ist, 82d, 88th, 90th, 91st, 9Sth, 98th,
99th, io6th, iioth, 114th, 115th, ii6th, ii8th, 119th, 121st, 150th, 157th,
183d, 187th and 1 88th Infantry.
RECRUITINQ STATIONS IN PHILADELPHIA— 1861-65
(Compiled from the Poster collection, preserved at the Ridgway Branch of the
Philadelphia Library.)
igth Reg:iment, Co. H, Capt. William C. Rush, 432 North Second street.
19th Regiment, Co. D, Capt. J. B. De Haven, 605 Arch street.
ii8th Regiment, Co. D, Capt. Chas. H. Fernald, 340 North Third street.
riSth Regiment, Co. I, Capt. C. M. O'Callahan, southeast corner Second and
Walnut streets.
8ist Regiment, Co. E, Capt. William Wilson, 620 Chestnut street.
303
goth Regiment, Co. A, Capt. John T. Durang, northwest corner Sixth and
Chestnut streets.
1 19th Regiment, Co. H, Capt. Henry H. Edwards, Barley Sheaf Hotel,
Second street, below Vine street.
144th Regiment (Irish Legion), Col. George Crookes, Connelly's Hotel, opposite
State House.
146th Regiment, Col. John D. C. Johnson, 519 Arch street.
156th Regiment, Col. Charles Ermenwein, 533 Chestnut street and at Camp
Morton, Islington lane.
iS7th Regiment, Col. Wm. A. Gray, 527 Chestnut street.
iS7th Regiment, Co. D, Capt. William N. Rowland, 450 Walnut street and
21? North Third street. _ _
215th Regiment, Co. D, Capt. Richard C. Wilson, National Guard Hall.
52d Regiment (Ninety Day Militia), Co. F, Capt. C. A. Thomas, 921 North
Tenth street.
Keystone Battery, Capt. Samuel C. Thompson, Race street, below Broad street.
Pennsylvania Sharpshooters, Col. Charles R. Doron, Quinton Hotel, Manayunk.
Second Regiment, Irish Brigade, Col. Robert E. Patterson, 1215 Market street.
Irish Volunteers, Col. Joshua T. Owen, 421 Walnut street.
First Pennsylvania Cavalry, Col. J. C. Hess, 221 Race street and no South
Sixth street.
Second Pennsylvania Cavalry, Col. R. Butler Price, northwest corner Third
and Chestnut streets.
Philadelphia Light Cavalry, Col. Richard Henry Rush, 833 Market street
and northwest corner Third and Chestnut streets.
Independent Troop, Russell Light Cavalry (Co. M, 2d Cavalry) Capt. John
C. Gallagher, Seventh street, above Chestnut street.
117th Regiment, Co. I (13th Cavalry), Capt. Timothy A. Byrnes, Ridge avenue,
below Poplar street.
ii2th Regiment (2d Heavy Artillery), Co. A. A. Gibson, U. S. A., 611
Chestnut street.
Flying Artillery, Co. I (Col. J. E. Peyton's Continental Cavalry )j Capt. John
W. Massey, 735 Market street, northwest corner Broad and Fitzwater streets,
northwest corner Eleventh and Oxford streets.
Washington Legion, Col. Frederick Harvey, 528 Market street.
Buena Vista Rangers, Capt. Joseph C. Costello, southwest corner Sixth
and Chestnut streets.
Washington Cavalry, Co. A (14th Cavalry), Capt. J. W. Hall, Farmers' Hay
Market, Seventh and Oxford streets; Thornleys Hotel, Holmesburg; Seven
Stars Hotel, Frankford.
Independent Mounted Rangers (8th Cavalry), Col. Ernest G. Choignan, 1128
l^3,rk€t street.
Continental Light Cavalry, Col. J. E. Peyton, Richards House, Eighth street,
below Spring Garden street.
Pennsylvania Cavalry, Col. Campbell, 232 North Fourth street.
Staunton Cavalry (19th Cavalry), 22 South Fourth street.
Cameron Dragoons, 428 Coates street.
Thomas A. Scott Regiment, 2312 Chestnut street.
2d Regiment Rifles, Co. C (9th Regiment Militia), Capt. George K. Came,
Thirty-eighth and Bridge streets, Mantua. . , m ^ t, mj-
2d Regiment, Reserve Brigade, Co. C, Armory, Board of Trade Buildmg,
505 Chestnut street. m. • , ,t. j
3d Regiment, Reserve Brigade, Col. C. M. Eakm, Armory. Thirteenth and
Filbert streets.
304
3d Regiment, Reserve Brigade, Co. B, Market, Twenty-second and Spring
Garden streets.
3d Regiment, Reserve Brigade, Co. C, Commissioners' Hall, Thirty-seventh
and Market streets.
Battery F (3d Artillery), Capt, J. F. Blake, 329 Chestnut street.
5th Regiment Infantry, Baker's Brigade (io6th Regiment), Co. A, Capt.
Lewis Bartleson, Franklin Place, Chestnut street, above Third street.
Sth Regiment Infantry, Baker's Brigade, Co. F, Crozier Guard (lo6th Regi-
ment), Capt. R. H. Ford, 207 South Fourth street.
20th Regiment Militia, Col. William B. Thomas, 533 Chestnut street.
Birney's Zouaves (23d Regiment), 602 Arch street.
Philadelphia City Guard for 8Sth Regiment, Col. J. Reeside White, Fifth street,
above Prune street.
28th Regiment, Lieut.-Col. John Flynn, 204 Dock street.
1st Coal Regiment (197th Regiment), Col. John R. Haslett, Walnut street,
below Dock street.
2d Coal Regiment, Col. Alfred M. Day, 108 Walnut street.
2d Army Corps, 134 South Fourth street.
Philadelphia Light Infantry (121st Regiment), Col. Chapman Biddle, 337
Chestnut street.
Union Guards (Co. E, 187th Regiment, six months' service), Capt. Wm. F.
Robinson, 247 Arch street and Eighteenth and South streets.
Battery H (3d Heavy Artillery), Capt. Gilbert S. Clark, 741 South Front
street.
Rathbun Guards (183d Regiment), Col. George P. McLean, New Market and
Laurel streets.
ii8th Regiment, Co. A (Corn Exchange), 727 Market street.
Blue Reserves, Co. E, Eighth and Callowhill streets.
32d Regiment, Co. F, Capt. Washington Richards, Pennsylvania Hotel, Sec-
ond street, below Pine street.
Governor's Guards, Co. F, Capt. Thomas Bringhurst, William Penn Hose
House.
Gray Reserves, Co. F, Capt. J. N. Piersol, Armory, northeast corner Second
and Race streets.
Gosline's Zouaves, Co. B (gsth), Capt. Enos Baldwin, northwest corner
Sixth and Chestnut streets, fifth floor.
Gosline's Zouaves, Co. K (9Sth), Capt. Harry W. Hewes, 603 Chestnut street.
Imperial Zouaves, 533 Chestnut street.
Hamilton Rifles (2d Company), Capt. Joseph L. Davis, Saunders Institute,
West Philadelphia.
4th Reserves (33d), Capt. John C. Chance, 510 Richmond street, Kensington.
4th Union League Regiment, Lieut.-Col. Arthur Maginnis, 434 Chestnut street.
Hancock's Corps, James Boldman, 826 Market street.
Independent Company, Emergency, Capt. Samuel J. Malone, Front and Vine
streets.
Fire Zouaves, F. Louis Gimber, 333 Chestnut street.
Sth "California" Regiment (lo6th), S. B. Munger, 209 South Fourth street.
2d Cavalry, Capt. Joseph Archambault, 106 South Sixth street.
Germantown Home Guard, Co. C, Capt. M. J. Biddle, at Armory.
Board of Trade Rifle Regiment (is6th), Col. Chas. Ernenwein, northwest
corner Seventh and Chestnut streets.
Durrell's Battery, John M. Gries, 206 South Fourth street.
Columbia Guards, Columbia Engine Co., Capt. H. M. 'Thomas, Filbert street,
above Eleventh street.
305
Dallas Guards, Capt. A. M. Mooney, Old Church, Crown street, above Race
street.
Zouaves d'Afrique, Capt. E. R. Bowen, Third and Gaskill streets.
Cameron Light Guard (88th), Capt. John D. Schoch, 804 Market street.
Cameron Light Guard (88th). Capt. Wm. F. Powell, Western Hose House
and FalstaflF Hotel, Sixth street, above Chestnut street.
Read Guard, Capt. R. Haslett, Richmond and Ann streets.
Philadelphia Guards, Capt. Samuel Davies, 516 South Fourth street.
"Colonel Heenan's Regiment," Co. M, Capt. Thomas A. Murray, southwest
corner Sixth street and Girard avenue.
Jefferson Guards, Capt. John Moore, 2130 Market street.
Blue Reserves, Co. C, Capt. S. M. Janney, Armory, 505 Chestnut street,
fourth floor.
Blue Reserves, Co. D, Capt. Charles Naylor, 505 Chestnut street, fifth ffoor.
"Colonel Staunton's Regiment," Co. F, Capt. George W. Kite, northwest corner
Fourth and Walnut streets.
Invalid Corps, Capt. Edwin Palmer, Provost Marshal, 1214 Locust street.
"Thomas A. Scott Regiment," Co. F, Capt. John T. O'Brien, Sixth and
Minor streets.
National Guard Regiment, Co. K, Capt. Paul L. Lewis, northeast corner
Ninth and Shippen streets.
Dana Troop, J. L. Anderson, R. W. Hammell, J. Tyndale, T. C. Babb, H. W.
Arnold, committee, loio Chestnut street.
Curtin Light Guard (109th), Co. H, Lieut. Richard Young, 602 South Broad
street.
Philadelphia Zouave Cadets, Capt. Daniel F. Gillen, southwest corner Eighth
and Sansom streets.
"Washington Guard, ist Regiment," Co. G, Col. Wm. F. Small, Capt. John
Smith, 112 Marion street.
Washington Guard, Co. L, Capt. D. W. Donopley, Reliance Engine House,
New street, above Second street.
"Washington Gray Regiment," Col. Alexander Murphy, Capt. Caleb Needles,
League House, northeast corner Broad and Race streets.
Twenty-third Ward Troop, Capt. Jacob B. Sacket, Jolly Post Hotel, Frankford.
"Young Men's Company for City Defence," Capt. Robert J. Craig, Kirchen-
mann's Columbia Hall, 1729 Germantown road.
"Union Guard Regiment," Co. F, Col. John B. Adams, Capt. William Stewart,
Lombard street, below Broad street.
Independent Naval Battery, Lieut. Frank Barr, Union Volunteer Refreshment
Saloon.
"Regiment, Men of Color," Col. John W. Taggart, 1210 Chestnut street.
"Garibaldi Legion, Captain Hagen's Company," northwest corner Fifth and
Prune streets.
"Artillery Cornpany, for Col. J. Richter Jones' Regiment,"' Capt. Paul T.
Jones, 138 South Fourth street.
"First Heavy Artillery" (112th), Col. Charles Angeroth, Sr., 506 Vine street.
Marine Artillery, Battery L, Col. Segebarth, Lieut. Joseph C. Ferguson,
Frankford road and Columbia avenue.
Baxter Fire Zouaves, 527 Chestnut street.
"Independent Company Bushwhackers," Capt. B. F. Johnston, 721 South Front
street.
Bucktail Brigade, Capt. Charles Buckley, 335 Walnut street.
Cooper Guards, Capt. John W. Smith, northwest corner Front and Pine
streets.
20
3o6
"Col. Gregory's Regiment," (gist), Co. D, Capt. Joseph H. Sinex, Broad and
South streets.
Gosline's Zouaves (psth), Capt. McCuUough's Company, Eighth street above
Race street.
3d Regiment Reserve Brigade, Militia, Col. C. M. Eakin, Capt. Alfred Driver
(Camp Du Pont, Del), Saunders Institute.
"Second Corps, recruits wanted," Capt. George D. Whitecar, American and
Master streets.
2d Heavy Artillery, Lieut. J. N. Abbey, 138 South Fourth street.
Harlan Cavalry,. Capt. John D. Struthers, Struthers & Sons' marble yard.
Market street, between Tenth and Eleventh streets.
Irish Brigade, Col. Robert E. Patterson, 14 South Eighth street.
Governor's Guard, 2ig Lodge street.
Federal Guards, Capt. Charles Parkham, northeast corner Third and Arch
streets. Union Bank.
Gymnast Zouaves, Capt. P. V. Smith, 37 South Third street,
Philadelphia Brigade, Richard L. Shreve, 416 Library street.
U. S. REGULARS.
U. S. Cavalry, 603 Sansom street.
loth Infantry, northwest corner Front and Dock streets and 419 Walnut street.
nth Infantry, Third and Dock streets.
I2th Infantry, 229 South Front street.
14th Infantry, 47 South Third street.
17th Infantry, 318 South Front street.
19th Infantry, 134 South Fourth street.
U. S. Marine Corps, Lieut. W. Stokes Boyd, 311 South Front street.
SOME LOCAL ASSOCIATIONS FOR THE AID AND COMFORT
OF THE SOLDIERS
ALL through the war period numerous patriotic and helpful as-
sociations were existent in Philadelphia. Many of them were
connected with the churches, others of secular origin, but all
provided some form of assistance to the soldiery of the Union
cause. The services of a large proportion of the devoted men and wo-
men, thus organized, cannot be adequately estimated. In some instances,
printed reports were made, copies of which have been preserved in
libraries, and these afiford an outline of many deeds accomplished.
Probably the first local association of women who "wanted to help"
was that of the "Ladies' Union Relief," which organized on April 20th,
1861, "to provide garments for soldiers, work in hospitals and take care
of soldiers' families." Could any charter cover a broader field of patriotic
intent? So eager were the women of Philadelphia to find beneficiaries
that the whole country was none too large. For instance, the ladies of
307
St. Luke's Episcopal Church sent, in May, 1861, nine hundred pairs of
shoes to the Missouri Volunteers. On July 28th, 1862, a number of
ladies met at the office of Edward Brady, Esq., 135 South Fifth street,
and formed "The Ladies' Association for Soldiers' Relief." Mrs. Mary
A. Brady became President and Mrs. M. A. Dobbins, Treasurer. At
first, this association devoted its efforts to providing special dinners to
the occupants of the local army hospitals. Later they seem to have made
a specialty of the Sixth Corps, and the most successful relief expedition
that ever went out of Philadelphia (from the soldiers' point of view)
was welcomed in the camps of those Philadelphia warriors when Mrs.
Brady and her associates appeared, one day, at the front with a wagon
load of good plug and smoking tobacco. The ladies of this association
hastened to the bloody fields of Antietam and Gettysburg, and there,
amid sickening surroundings, emulated the English nurses who had,
but a few years before, followed Florence Nightingale to the Crimea.
On May 27th, 1864, Mrs. Brady died at her home, 406 South Forty-first
street. West Philadelphia, as a result of her persistent labor in the cause
to which she had been so long devoted.
The "Penn Relief Association" was founded "to assist sick soldiers
in and out of hospitals and to aid their families." The officers and
Executive Comittee included many women identified with the Society
of Friends. These were : President, Anna M. Needles ; Vice-Presidents,
Hannah J. Jenkins, Hettie W. Chapman, Elizabeth B. Garrigues ; Secre-
taries, Anna P. Little and Sallie R. Garrigues; Treasurer, Mary M.
Scranton ; Lucy Black, Sarah J. Webb, Elizabeth F. Williams, Helen L.
Deacon, Mary S. Pancoast, Elizabeth E. Allen, Lydia S. Truman, Mar-
garet L. Skillman, Martha P. Stotesbury, Deborah B. Haines, Sarah G.
Yarnall, Helen P. Mansfield, Elizabeth Pearce, Mary A. Tyson, Julia
A. Cook and Mary B. Breed.
The first institution in the United States to receive children of men
who desired to enlist and of deceased soldiers was the "Northern Home
for Friendless Children and Associated Institute for Soldiers' and Sailors'
Orphans," located at Twenty-third and Brown streets. This institution
was aided liberally, through the efforts of Mrs. E. W. Hutter, by Dr.
Albert G. Egbert, a wealthy oil operator of Mercer County, Pa. Above
thirteen hundred children of soldiers were housed and educated at this
home.
The Board of Trustees in the Civil War period was composed of
Thomas Earp, President; Thomas S. Mitchell, Treasurer; William R.
Stockton, Secretary; Isaac Collins, John M. Ogden, James J. Barclay,
J. Fisher Learning, John W. Claghom, Thomas Robinson, WiUiam S.
Perot, Isaac Baker, Henry Perkins, Joseph Jeanes, H. W. Safford, A. V.
Murphey and Charles Keen.
The following ladies formed the Board of Managers:
Mrs. E. E. Hutter, President; Mrs. John W. Claghorn, Vice-Presi-
dent ; Miss Mary Jeanes, Vice-President ; Miss Susan O'Neill, Recording
3o8
Secretary; Mrs. George Duffield, Jr., Corresponding Secretary; Mrs. R.
Hammett, Treasurer; Mrs. Eliza Ann, Brown, Mrs. Emma W. Shepherd,
Mrs. S. A. Clark, Mrs. Eliza S. McClure, Mrs. Wilson Jewell, Mrs.
Maria Wood, Mrs. Sarah M. Grant, Mrs. Mary Potter, Mrs. Mary
C. Kibbler, Mrs. A. L. Raymond, Mrs. I. F. Baker, Mrs. James L.
Claghorn, Mrs. Emma S. Cameron, Mrs. Ann Woodward, Mrs. W.
J. Chaplain, Mrs. Hiram Ayers, Mrs. A. V. Murphey, Miss Agnes Y.
McAllister and Miss Lucy Sulger.
The Lincoln Institution, incorporated in 1866, was founded in order
to provide a home for the sons of white soldiers who had fallen in the
course of the war. Major-Gen,. George G. Meade was active in this
beneficence and became its first President. The institution was an,d
continues to be located upon nth street, below Spruce street. The
Educational Home for Boys, opened at 49th street and Greenway ave-
nue in 1873, was essentially a branch of the parent institution. This
was continued until recent years, when the property was sold and the
Educational Home was merged with the Lincoln Institution. At these
well-conducted homes hundreds of boys were educated, sustained while
learning trades and sent out into the world well equipped to win success.
At a later period the management admitted Indian boys and girls to
both institutions, under an arrangement with the Government.
The first "Board of Counsellors" of the Lincoln Institution included
the following persons:
President, Major-Gen. George Gordon Meade; Vice-President, Will-
iam G. Boulton; Secretary, John L. Redner; Treasurer, Morton Mc-
Michael, Jr. ; Managers, Rev. Richard Newton, D. D., Jay Cooke, Caleb
Cope, Lemuel Coffin, Thomas Sparks, William P. Cresson, Charles
Piatt, J. Vaughan Merrick, William Ellis, Charles J. Stille, George C.
Cresson, Edward S. Buckley, A. H. Franciscus, Lewis J. Redner, Francis
Wells, William Struthers, Rev. J. W. Robins, George T. Lewis, F.
Ratchford Starr, Ezra Bowen, M. J. Mitcheson, R. M. Lewis, Charles
E. Lex, Edward Shippen, William B. Robins and Joseph Harrison, Jr.
Ladies' Board of Managers.
Miss McHenry, Mrs. William Ellis, Mrs. George T. Lewis, Miss
M. A. Lennig, Miss Anna Blanchard, Mrs. George G. Meade, Miss
N. W. Fisher, Mrs. George W. Norris, Mrs. James W. Robins, Mrs.
C. W. Paul, Mrs. C. J. Stille, Mrs. James C. Fisher, Mrs. Morton
McMichael, Jr., Mrs. J. Edgar TThompson, Mrs. George C. Carson, Mrs.
C. T. Piatt, Mrs. J. B. Moorhead, Mrs. A. D. Jessup, Mrs. E. K.
Mitchell, Miss Emily Norris, Miss M. Cadwalader, Mrs. J. R. Fry, Mrs.
Ezra Bowen, Miss Mary Milligan, Mrs. William G. Boulton,, Mrs. William
Palmer, Miss G. Bowen, Miss Annie Frazer and Mrs. George F. Tyler.
The "Ladies Aid Society" undertook to furnish prompt aid in sup-
plies for local army hospitals and those in the field. Mrs. Joel Jones
309
was President; Mrs. Stephen Colwell, Treasurer, and Mrs. John Harris,
Secretary, of this organization.
The "Ladies Association of West Philadelphia" was active in raising
money for soldiers' families in 1863. Prominent ladies interested were
Mrs. John Cotton, Mrs. Thomas Hunter, Mrs. John Sweeney, Miss
Caroline Harvey and Mrs. J. A. Covell.
A modest but popular enterprise of war days, in Philadelphia, was
the "Soldiers' Reading Room," maintained, for several years, on Twen-
tieth street below Market street, in a building formerly the Brickmakers'
Baptist Church. Here soldiers were always welcome. A considerable
library, magazines and games, files of newspapess from many cities,
writing material, a piano and a smoking room were at the free disposal
of all soldiers and sailors. Hot lunches were provided at five cents, or
without charge, if occasion required. Lectures were given in the even-
ings and religious services on Sundays. The average attendance was
about one hundred per diem. Those identified with this beneficence were
Dr. Frank W. Lewis, President; William P. Cresson, Secretary; George
T. Lewis, Treasurer. The managers were C. J. Stille, L. H. Redner,
Alexander Brown, F. R. Starr, E. M. Hopkins, Daniel Dougherty,
Joseph L. Harrison, Joseph R. Fry, John H. Atwood, J. Heatly Dulles,
George P. Smith and Edward S. Qark. Board of Lady Visitors : Mrs.
George T. Lewis, Mrs. F. R. Starr, Mrs. George W. Norris, Mrs. Joseph
R. Fry and Misses Mary McHenry and S. Field.
The "Union Temporary Home" was established to provide a shelter
for the children of soldiers in the field and of men who wished to enlist.
The Board of Managers included Miss Susan J. O'Neill, President ; Mrs.
John Mason, Vice-President; Mrs. C. J. Peterson, Treasurer, and Mrs.
Thos. Mott, Secretary.
In 1864 the Ladies' First Union Association was active, with rooms
at 537 North Eighth street, in subsisting a large number of the families
of soldiers.
Among still other enterprises prompted by patriotic sympathy were
the Freemasons' Soldiers' Relief Association at 204 South Fourth street,
and the New England Soldiers' Relief Association, on Chestnut street
near Thirteenth street. Most of these helpful centers continued to the
close of the war.*
*In May, 1863, an exhibition of paintings contributed by Philadelphia artists
for the benefit of soldiers' families was displayed at Earle's Galleries on Chestnut
street.
With the crumbling of the Confederate Army great numbers of people
swarmed from the South into Philadelphia. Public meetings were held to
organize relief. They were fed, clothed and given work. Philadelphia's charity
toward her late foes was as broad as her patriotism.
In 1866, as a means of raising money with which to supply widows and
orphans of dec«ased soldiers with coal, war maps and portraits were advertised
by reUef committees.
RELIEF FROM THE CITY
THE final report of the Commission for the Relief of Families
of Philadelphia Volunteers in the Army and Navy, acting under
authority of Councils, indicates that financial assistance was
given in the course of the war to 48,707 families. The total sum
thus expended was $2,596,307.87. In addition, $15,000 was repaid to the
Trustees of the Philadelphia Gas Works for sums disbursed to depen-
dents of employees who had enlisted. The Commission met the funeral
expenses of 780 soldiers or members of soldiers' families. The members
of the Commission were: Hon. Alexander Henry, President; Charles P.
Trego, Vice-President; Peter Wilson, Treasurer; Samuel C. Dawson,
Secretary; Theodore Cuyler, Charles E. Lex, Thomas Potter, William
Loughlin, Archibald Mclntyre, Henry Davis, John Robbins, Matthew
W. Baldwin, James S. Watson, Caleb Cope, Robert Coane, William Baird
and Charles S. Close.
WHEN RICHMOND FELL
AT eleven o'clock A. M., April 3d, 1865, the Philadelphia Inquirer
posted a bulletin proclaiming the fall of Richmond. Further dis-
patches related to the occupation of that city by Union troops.
Summoned by the bell of Independence Hall, the population
thronged to the heart of the city. Within an hour jubilant processions, led
by the fire companies, were parading the streets. From the navy yard thou-
sands of worlanen, headed by the Marine Band, paraded to the business
section, hurrahing wildly as they passed the newspaper offices and the
Mayor's office, at Fifth and Chestnut streets. Clearly, above the clamor
around the old "State House," a single voice began the stately words,
"Praise God from whom all blessings flow." The singer was an old white-
locked man. Instantly the mass of excited people bared their heads
and thousands joined in the beautiful lines of the Doxology. The public
schools were dismissed and the children, with songs and flags, marched
through their respective neighborhoods. A mass meeting of joy was
held in front of the Custom House. The Union League flung out every
flag; indeed, the whole city was soon brilliant with red, white and blue.
Until late at night the brilliantly illuminated streets were crowded with
scores of military bands leading impromptu processions from the suburbs,
and the clamor of that day of great rejoicing only ended with the utter
exhaustion of the happy people; soon, Johnnie would "come marching
home."
310
THREE SUNDAYS
From Joy to Mourning
GEN. ROBERT E. LEE surrendered to Gen. U. S. Grant at
Appomattox on Palm Sunday, April 9th, 1865. The news
reached Philadelphia the same date about 9.40 P. M. From the
Mayor's office it was telegraphed to various parts of the city, and
within an hour the streets downtown, usually dark and deserted,
were crowded with rejoicing citizens. The windows of the several
morning newspaper offices were illuminated. Over the portals of the
Union League flashed the word "Victory." Bells rang everywhere. A
score of fire companies brought their hose carriages to Independence
Hall and added to the din of the hour. Great crowds, mad with joy,
surged around the old Cradle of Liberty. In thousands of homes thanks
were breathed to Heaven that long absent fathers, husbands and sons
would soon be home from the war and in the enjoyment of the fire-
sides they had left, so long ago, to fight for their country's flag. Down
on Washington avenue the historic little cannon, the watchdog of
the Union Volunteer Refreshment Committee, stirred up. all Southwark
by barking out thirty-six rounds of good Union powder, a bark for
every State. Upon Monday no one thought of business or work. At
sunrise the bells were ringing again and a band was playing patriotic
airs in the tower of Independence Hall. Flags were flying from ten
thousand windows. At nine o'clock A. M. school children marched
down Chestnut street, unmindful of the rain. At noon the Union
League Battery fired two hundred rounds at Broad and Market streets,
and at sunset, by order of Mayor Henry, one hundred rounds were
fired at Nineteenth and Hamilton streets.
That spring Monday was the beginning of a week of joy all over
the North, and not less in the camps of the Federal armies. Never did
a people know a greater transition from gladness to sorrow and de-
spair. Never were two Sundays the scenes of more diverse emotions.
The world knew on the morning of Sunday, April i6th, that Abra-
ham Lincoln had been murdered, at Ford's Theatre in Washington, the
evening before. Men came to their doors that placid morning, picked
up and opened their newspapers and went mad at the black words
they saw there. Again the people crowded to the heart of the old town.
But those who were prone to covert abuse of the great President and
the cause of which he was the leader (and there were some, as every
soldier knew) such men stayed indoors, for vengeance was abroad wait-
ing hungrily to find action.
Upon that memorable Sunday and early on Monday morning all
of the black goods in the stores of Philadelphia and in a hundred thou-
3"
315
Sand homes were brought out and draped upon the buildings. None
who then lived in Philadelphia have forgotten those sombre streets or
the look frozen upon the silent faces of the people who crowded around
the newspaper offices as one bulletin from Washington followed another.
Thousands of soldiers, the ink hardly dry upon their discharges, crowded
around their old officers and begged to be led back to the South and
a new campaign of revenge. But the honorable people of the South
repudiated the conspirators and their deeds, and the war, although not
officially ended (by President Johnson's proclamation nearly a year
later), was not conducted along lines of reprisal. The 8th Union League
Regiment arrived in Washington, south-bound, upon the day of the
great crime, and it was as late as April 26th when the Union League
sent away its 215th Regiment to relieve the returning veterans. This was
the last body of • soldiery to go out from Philadelphia in the course
of the war. Grant had said: "Let us have peace," but peace came
slowly.
The funeral services of the late President were held in Washington,
at noon, on April 19th, four years, to the hour, from the fateful inci-
dent at Baltimore, where the first soldiers of the Republic were slain.
At the same hour, in churches in every loyal city and State, the people
were gathered in testimony of their love for the martyred leader.
The body of the President reached Philadelphia April 22d and
was followed by a great escort of soldiers and citizens from Broad and
Prime streets to Independence Hall, and all that night — all the follow-
ing Sunday — the people trod reverently through the silent, dimly-lighted
room of Independence Hall to look upon his careworn, peaceful face.
At three o'clock Monday morning the "First Troop" and the 187th Regi-
ment, with muffled drums and arms reversed, escorted him to the
waiting funeral train which was to take him to other cities and mourners
on the long way to his resting place at Springfield, Illinois.*
♦Mayor Henry, the City officials and police wore crepe upon their sleeves thirty
days following the date of the ceremonials incident to the departure of the
Lincoln funeral train.
CIVIL WAR MEMORIAL, FAIRMOUNT PARK.
TABLET ON SITE OF CAMP, 88TH REGIMENT, FAIRMOUNT PARK.
THE WELCOME HOME, 1865
BEGINNING with May 21st, 1865, when the 114th Regiment,
Penna. Vols. (Collis Zouaves) arrived home, the Philadelphia
regiments and companies returned at frequent intervals, and gen-
erally without advance information necessary for the arrange-
ment of suitable receptions. It was, therefore, decided by the city
authorities, with the concurrence of the higher military officers, to or-
ganize a Grand Review and thus afford the public a glimpse of the
veterans and give expression, to the soldiers, of the honor in which they
were held. The Review took place June loth, 1865, in the midst of
a heaA^ rain storm. The reviewing stand was erected on the west side
of Broad street, between Market and Filbert streets. Here were as-
sembled a great throng of officials, officers and distinguished guests.
Another stand, situated upon the east side of Broad street, below Market
street, contained the sick and wounded veterans and their families. On
a third stand, north of Filbert street, five hundred young ladies were
placed, to sing patriotic songs. Many other private stands bordered
thel route. For this event every effort had been made to secure the
return of as many of the local regiments as possible. The route of
the parade extended from Camp Cadwalader, far out Ridge avenue,
to the Volunteer Refreshment Saloons at the foot of Washington avenue,
where a much-appreciated dinner awaited every soldier. At the head
of the review rode Major-General George Gordon Meade and a brilliant
staff, accompanied by the First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry. The
veterans were escorted by delegations from the city fire companies.
The Military Division included detachments of the following regiments
and batteries: 8ist, 17 men; 91st, 59 men; 99th, 62 men; 114th, 227
men; ii6th, 124 men; ii8th, 220 men; 119th, 230 men; 121st, 193 men;
183d, 17 men; 198th, 910 men, and Battery D, 2d Penna. Heavy Ar-
tillery, 140 men. The cavalry was represented by detachments, march-
ing dismounted, of the 2d, 3d, Sth, 6th, 8th, nth, 12th, 13th, 14th, isth,
i6th, i8th, 19th and 20th Regiments. In the rear of the military came
the sailors and marines from the United States ships in port.
313
FAMOUS WAR SONGS
A NUMBER of the most stirring songs popular in, the Civil
War period originated in or were identified with Philadelphia.
One of the mosi; prolific lyrists of the time was Sep. Winner,
who gave to the camps "The Arms of Abraham," "Give Us
Back Our Old Commander," "Baxter's March" and the "Zouave Quick-
step."
The author of "When Johnny Comes Marching Home," Thomas
Brigham Bishop, of Wayne, Maine, lived, in his later years, at 807
North 63d street, where he died on May 15th, 1905. His grave is in
Mount Peace Cemetery.*
Many versions have been printed with regard to the "John Brown
Song." The score is included in a collection published by Oliver Ditson
& Co., of Boston, in 1861, under the title "John Brown's Ghost."
In 1863 the Supervisory Committee for Recruiting Colored Regi-
ments printed the words with the statement that the author of the
original version was H. H. Brownell, of Hartford, Conn. The facts
concerning this, the most popular of all songs of the camp and march,
have been compiled by Gen. Oliver C. Bosbyshell, who has written,
for this book, the true story. He says :
"Mr. William Steffe, who resided many years on 36th street, below
Chestnut street, wrote the music to which the "John Brown Song" was
afterward attached. Some years before the Civil War a Charleston.,
S. C, fire company visited Philadelphia and engaged Mr. Steffe to
compose an air to a song beginning "Say, Bummers, Will You Meet
Us?" The Methodists afterward applied the catchy tune to "Say,
Brothers, Won't You Meet Us," adding the chorus, "Glory, Glory, Hal-
lelujah!"
In 1861, while Col. Fletcher Webster's 12th Massachusetts Regi-
ment was encamped at Fort Warren, it included the Brockton Military
Band. Four members of the regiment formed an excellent quartette.
One of them named John Brown was the butt of much wit, due to
the similarity of his name to that of the famous abolitionist. From
this circumstance were evolved the ringing words which were fitted to
Steffe's music and including the Methodist "Glory, Hallelujah!" The
Brockton band adopted the song, and, when superseded by Patrick
Gilmore and his band, the latter took it up and played it on all oc-
casions. Gilmore afterward published the march.
With Gilmore and his band in the lead, the 12th Massachusetts
Regiment marched down Broadway, New York City, every one of
♦For the information relating to this and several other war songs the writer
is indebted to Miss Jane Campbell.
315
its thousand men singing the great song thus strangely evolved. They
sang it through Philadelphia and the length of Pennsylvania avenue in
Washington, and its echo was heard wherever loyal citizens gathered
or soldiers of the Union grouped around the fires of a thousand camps.
Thus the music written in Philadelphia for the firemen of a Southern
citadel of disunion became an, inspiration, a paen of victory for the
loyal North."
It was a Philadelphian, Private A. D. Frankenberry, of the 15th
Cavalry, who, with the signal corps on Kenesaw Mountain, sent Sher-
man's message by flag over the heads of the Confederates to Corse's
defenders at the supply depot of Allatoona Pass, which inspired P. P.
Bliss to thrill the nation with "Hold the Fort, for I am Coming."
RETURN OF THE COLORS
NEVER before was Philadelphia so gorgeously panoplied with the
red, white and blue, as upon July Fourth, 1866, for upon that
memorable day the soldier sons of Pennsylvania were to consign
to the loving care of their mother State the flags which they had
followed into a hundred battles and over thousands of miles of southern
roads. Broad, Market and Chestnut Streets were embowered with a be-
wildering blaze of streamers and massed flowers. With the coming of day-
light the throb of drums pulsed upon the air. By every incoming railroad
train fresh thousands of soldiers and civilian onlookers poured into the
already crowded streets. At Independence Hall, upon the spot facing its
shaded square where, ninety years before John Nixon had read the "De-
claration" of defiance to Great Britain, a great ampitheatre had been
erected, large enough to seat five thousand people. Early to arrive were
the children of the Soldiers' Orphan Schools, for whom seats to the right
and left of the "Court of Honor" had been provided. Behind them, still
sombre in their mourning garb were gathered the "invited guests," nearly
all from the families of fallen soldiers. High up in the shadow of the
old tower were placed the singers and the military band, A little lower
in front stood the speaker's platform flanked by tables for the press.
Long before the coming of the veterans every foot of ground within
sight held its waiting citizen. Every window commanding the scene
had its group of guests.
Promptly at ten o'clock in the morning the march began. The head
of the column was formed upon Broad Street above Arch Street. The
route of the parade was down Broad Street to Market Street, to Twelfth
Street, to Chestnut Street, to Second Street, to Walnut Street, to Inde-
pendence Square.
3i6
First came Major-Gen. Winfield S. Hancock, his staff and escort,
followed by the "First Defenders." Closely behind these came a garden
of banners, each war-worn flag carried by a sergeant and escorted by
six corporals. What cheering! What a tumult of glorious color flaunt-
ing in the breeze! What tears from pent-up emotions of patriotic joy!
It was thus that the Colors came to the waiting War-Governor of the
Commonwealth.
ORDER OF THE PARADE.
Major-GenErai, WiNFiEi,D S. Hancock and staff escorted by the First Troop, Phila-
delphia City Cavalry, and the Henry Guards.
FIRST DIVISION.
Major-Generai, James S. Negley.
The "First Defenders," composed of detachments from the Logan Guards, of Lewis-
town ; Allen Guard, of AUentown ; Washington Artillery, of Pottsville ; National
Light Infantry, of Pottsville, and Ringgold Light Artillery, of Reading.
SECOND DIVISION. .
Major-Generai, Robert Patterson.
Detachments and color guards of the 23d, 26th, 28th, 29th, 31st, 32d, 33d, 36th, 41st,
and 43d Artillery Reserves, s8th, 69th, 71st, 72d, 73d, 78th, 81 st, 88th, 90th, gsth,
97th, 98th, 99th, io6th, 114th, iisth, ii6th, ii8th, 119th, 121st, 139th, iS2d, 183d,
i92d, 198th and 199th Regiments, Pennsylvania Volunteers.
THIRD DIVISION.
BrigadiEr-Generai, Chari,es T. CampbEi,!,.
Detachments and color guards of the ist, 2d and 3d Artillery Regiments.
FOURTH DIVISION.
Major-General David McM. Gregg.
Detachments and color guards of the 2d, 3d, sth, 6th, 8th, isth and i6th Cavalry
Regiments, escorting
Major-General George Gordon Meade and staff.
FIFTH DIVISION.
Major-Generai, John W. Geary and staff.
Provisional troops.
SIXTH DIVISION.
Major-Generai, S. Wyue Crawford.
Soldiers' orphans in carriages, escorted by firemen.
SEVENTH DIVISION.
Major-Generai, John R. Brooke.
City militia regiments.
317
Upon the massing of the veteran troops at Independence Square,
the color guards were gathered in the Court of Honor, and with impres-
sive oratory the flags were presented by Major -General Meade to Gov-
ernor Andrew G. Curtin, who accepted them upon b.ehalf of the State
of Pennsylvania.
PROGRAMME.
Music, "Triumphal March" Birgfield's Band.
Prayer, Rev. Thomas Brainerd, D. D.
Music, "The Star Spangled Banner" Handel and Haydn Society.
Presentation of the Colors to Governor Andrew G. Curtin by Major-General George
Gordon Meade.
Acceptance by His Excellency the Governor.
Music, "Thanks to Almighty God for Victory and Peace."
Music, "Old Hundred" Handel and Haydn Society.
Music, "Coronation March" Birgfield's Band.
Benediction.
At the close of these exercises artillery stationed in Washington
Square fired a salute.
Few scenes in our National history have been attended with so much
that was dramatic, even pathetic, as that witnessed when each war-worn
group of veterans parted from its faded flags, to uphold which, in
the face of the enemy, so many of their comrades had fallen.
In the course of the day the National Union Club fired one hundred
guns at the Penn Squares, and the Keystone Battery, under the direc-
tion of the Union League, delivered a similar salute at the forts in
Fairmount Park. The celebration ended with fire-works at the Penn
Squares. In charge of the Henry Guards the battle flags were stored in
Sansom Street Hall under guard and upon the following day were taken
to Harrisburg. They number, with some subsequently deposited, three
hundred and thirty standards. They have long been exhibited in glass
cases at the building of the State Library, but provision has been made
for their permanent array in the corridors of the new State Capitol
Building.
The Official Catalogue, revised by the State Librarian, the Hon.
Thomas L. Montgomery, for this book, contains the complete list of
flags borne by the Pennsylvania Regiments in the Civil War, now in
possession of the State of Pennsylvania.
COLORS AND STANDARDS OF THE VARIOUS PENNSYLVANIA REGI-
MENTS AND BATTERIES DEPOSITED IN THE CAPITOL BUILDINGS
AT HARRISBURG.*
Organisation. No. Flags Organization. No. Flags Organization. No. Flags
nth Regiment 2 28th 3 32d (3d Reserves) . . 2
23d I 29th 2 33d (4th Reserves) . . 2
26th I 30th (ist Reserves) . . 2 34th (sth Reserves) . . 2
27th 2 31st (2d Reserves) . . 2 3Sth (6th Reserves) . . 2
♦From souvenir, "Return of the Colors," July 4th, 1866, published by William
D. Moore.
3i8
Organization. No. Flags
36th (7th Reserves) . . r
37th (8th Reserves) . . 2
38th (gth Reserves) . . 2
39th (loth Reserves) . . 2
40th (nth Reserves) . . 2
41st (i2th Reserves) . . 2
42d (ist Rifles) 2
43d (ist Artillery) i
44th (ist Cavalry) 2
4Sth 2
46th 3
47th 2
48th 2
49th 2
50th 3
Sist 8
S2d 2
S3d 3
54fh o
55th 2
S6th 3
57th 3
S8th 2
SQth (2d Cavalry) i
60th (3d Cavalry) 2
6ist 3
62d I
63d 2
64th (4th Cavalry) ... 3
6sth (sth Cavalry)... 2
67th 3
68th 3
69th 2
70th (6th Cavalry)... i
71st I
72d I
73d 3
74th I
7Sth 2
76th 4
77th 3
78th 4
79th 2
80th (7th Cavalry) ... 3
8ist 2
82d I
83d 3
84th 3
8sth 2
87th I
88th 3
89th (Sth Cavalry)... i
goth I
91st 2
92d (gth Cavalry) 2
93d 2
9Sth 3
Organization.
96th
97th
98th
99th
00th
oist
02d
03d
04th
osth
06th
07th
No. Flags
1
2
2
I
3
I
3
I
2
5
I
2
08th (nth Cavalry), i
09th 2
loth 3
nth 3
I2th (2d Artillery) . . 3
13th (l2th Cavalry) . i
14th I
15th I
i6th 4
17th (13th Cavalry), i
i8th 4
19th 1
2ist 3
22d I
23d 4
24th I
2Sth I
26th I
27th I
28th I
29th 2
30th I
31st I
32d 3
33d I
34th 2
3Sth I
36th r
37th I
38th 2
39th r
40th 2
41st 3
:42d 2
43d 4
4Sth I
47th 2
48th 3
49th (2d Bucktails) . . 3
50th (3d Bucktails) . . 2
Sist I
S2d (3d Artillery) ... 2
S3d 2
SSth 2
S7th 2
Organization. No. Flags
isSth I
159th (14th Cavalry) . 1
i6oth (15th Cavalry) . i
i6ist (i6th Cavalry) . i
ifed (17th Cavalry). 2
163d (i8th Cavalry), o
i6sth I
i66th I
167th 3
i68th I
169th I
171st 3
I72d I
173d 2
174th
i7Sth I
176th I
177th 3
178th 1
179th I
i8oth ( 19th Cavalry).
i8ist (20th Cavalry) .
i82d (21st Cavalry) . i
183d 3
184th 2
i8sth (22d Cavalry) . i
i86th 2
187th I
i88th 2
igoth I
igist I
ig2d 2
ig3d I
194th I
igSth I
ig6th o
ig8th 3
iggth 2
200th 1
20ISt I
202d 3
203d 2
204th (5th Artillery). 2
20Sth I
206th 2
207th I
208th 2
2ogth 2
2ioth 2
2iith I
2i2th (6th Artillery) . 2
213th 3
214th 3
2isth I
32d Prov. Cavalry i
Ringgold Battery, 1861 2
319
The Law of the Standards.
Reverence for the standard has been elemental from the earliest times
in the training of the soldiers of the English-speaking race. Ceremony,
salute, respect has ever attended its presence. On the regimental colors
were inscribed battles, skirmishes and affairs-at-arms, a remembrance of
the glories of the past, and as an incentive to valor in the future. So
immediately had a spirit of militarism seized our people that recognition
of this tradition found forceful expression within the month following
the opening of hostilities in the passage by the Legislature of Pennsyl-
vania of the following :
JOINT RESOLUTION
Relative to the providing of Standards for the several Regiments of Pennsylvania
called or to be called into the service of the United States.
Section i. Resolved, by the Senate and the House of Representatives of the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met. That the Governor
of the Commonwealth be requested to ascertain how the several regiments raised
in Pennsylvania during the War of the Revolution and the War of 1812 and the
War with Mexico were numbered, among what divisions of the service they were
distributed, and where the said regiments distinguished themselves in action. That
having ascertained the particulars aforesaid he shall provide regimental standards
to be inscribed with the numbers of those regiments respectively, on which shall
be painted the arms of this Commonwealth and the names of the_ actions in which
said regiments distinguished themselves. That the standards so inscribed shall be
delivered to the regiments now in the field or forming corresponding to the
regiments of Pennsylvania in former wars.
Sect. 2. That the Governor do procure regimental standards for all the regi-
ments formed or to be formed in Pennsylvania beyond the numbers in former
wars, upon which shall be inscribed the number of the regiment and painted the
Arms of the Commonwealth, and that all these standards, after the present
unhappy rebellion is ended, shall be returned to the Adjutant-General of the State,
to be further inscribed, as the valor and good conduct of each particular regiment
may have deserved, and that they be carefully preserved by the State to be de-
livered to such future regiments as the military necessities of the country may
require Pennsylvania to raise.
ELISHA W. DAVIS,
Speaker of the House of Representatives
LOUIS W. HALL,
Speaker of the Senate.
Approved the sixteenth day of May, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred
and sixty-one.
A. G. CURTIN.
Pamphlet Laws of 1861, page 776.*
*0f the regimental, battalion and separate company organizations enlisted in
the National service during the Civil War, numbering 3,559, Pennsylvania furnished
383, being exceeded, numerically, only by Missouri and New York. The Missouri
organizations, however, averaged only 244 men. Pennsylvania was, therefore,
only second to New York in the number of officers and men furnished.
MAJOR=QEN. CHARLES FERGUSON SMITH
IN the impressive array of names of distinguished officers of the army
whose lives were cut short in the course of the Civil War, while
serving their country, none among those from Philadelphia, per-
haps from the country at large, is more deserving of remembrance
than that of Major-Gen. Charles Ferguson Smith. The career of this
officer began as a cadet in 1820. He was born in Philadelphia, grandson
of John Blair Smith, D. D., second pastor of the Pine Street Church.
Charles Ferguson Smith won honors for gallantry in the principal
battles of the Mexican War. He was stationed, as commandant, at the
United States Military Academy during the cadetship of U. S. Grant,
and when they were brought together in the western army in the early
operations of General Grant he did not hesitate to avail himself of Gen-
eral Smith's advice.
In his memoirs General Grant makes frequent mention of his ad-
miration for General Smith's abilities, which had then gained for him
the rank of major-general.* His death on April 25th, 1862, was due
to exposure after the capture of Fort Donelson. He was buried, with an
imposing military funeral, at the Laurel Hill Cemetery, on May 6th,
i862.t
THE DAHLQRENS
John A. Dahlgren, Vice-Admiral U. S. Navy.
SON of a Swedish merchant resident in Philadelphia, John A. Dahl-
gren was born upon November 13th, 1809. He entered the navy
in 1826, and at the opening of the Rebellion was stationed at
the Washington Navy Yard. When his superior officer, Capt.
Franklin Buchanan, resigned to join the Southern cause. Lieutenant
Dahlgren took command and was largely instrumental in saving that
important navy yard from capture by the enemy. He was advanced to
the rank of captain and appointed chief of the Bureau of Ordnance.
In 1863, co-operating with Vice- Admiral Gilmore, he silenced the Con-
federate guns of Fort Sumter and opened the harbor of Charleston. An
* The statement is made in "Under the Old Flag" (Wilson) that Gen. Smith
would probably have become the commanding general of the- armies had he lived.
Gen. William T. Sherman is credited with having held that opinion.
tA full description of this funeral may be found in The History of the First
Regiment N. G. P., Latta.
320
321
accomplished master of gunnery, he succeeded in Hnking his name with
improved types of cannon, ranging from boat howitzers to the heaviest
guns then made for the armament of war ships and forts. Subsequently,
with the rank of rear admiral, he commanded the South Pacific Squad-
ron. In 1870 he was again placed in command of the navy yard at
Washington, where he died upon July 12th of that year.
Colonel Uleic Dahlgren.
The name of Ulric Dahlgren has ever recalled to veterans of the
cavalry service one who was an ideal leader, and whose tragic end was
mourned by all who had known and followed him. He was the son of
Capt. (afterward Rear Admiral) John A. Dahlgren of Philadelphia.
His first service was in the navy, but upon the opening of the war, at
the age of nineteen years, he ranked as captain of artillery in the United
States service. Endowed with great energy, bravery and good judg-
ment, he was in demand as an aide and so served upon the staffs of
Generals Stahl, Sigel, Hooker and Meade. Before and after the battle
of Gettysburg he undertook important services. Upon July 8th, 1863,
in a cavalry charge upon the retreating Confederates, at Hagerstown,
Md., he was wounded, resulting in the loss of a leg. After leaving the
hospital he again became active. As second in command, under General
Kilpatrick, he participated in the historic cavalry raid of March, 1864,
intended for the release of the Union prisoners at Richmond. Detaching
five hundred men, he was sent forward by Kilpatrick and reached the
James River. The treachery of a guide involved a loss of time, and his
small force was surrounded. At the head of one hundred horsemen he
attempted to fight his way out. He was killed, with many of his men,
and the balance were captured. Colonel Dahlgren's body was eventually
brought, with the help of friendly Virginians, within the Union lines.
It was laid in' state at Independence Hall, from which, under military
escort, the body of the young hero was conveyed to Laurel Hill Cemetery.
THOMAS BUCHANAN READ
Although the fame of this lyrist rests upon a single contribution
to the poetry of the Civil War, his "Sheridan's Ride," he wrote a num-
ber of stirring war poems and recited often in the camps at the front.
He was born in Chester County but lived much of his life in Philadel-
phia, being a cigar maker by trade and, later, a student of art abroad
His patriotic verses were published in book form in 1865. He died in
New York City in 1872.
21
JAMES E. MURDOCH
AMONG the patriotic civilians of Philadelphia, the services of
James E. Murdoch, actor and orator, are recalled by thousands
of old soldiers. Stately and picturesque, his powerful war
lyrics were a feature of enlistment meetings, in the camps at
the front and the wards of the military hospitals. Especially favorite
with him were the inspiring verses of a group of poets closely identified
with Philadelphia and its vicinity, which included Thomas Buchanan
Read, Bayard Taylor, Lucy Hamilton Hooper, Francis De Haes Janvier
and George H. Boker.
Colonel Forney is credited with the opinion that Professor Mur-
doch's presence in a camp as an inspiration to weary and home-sick
soldiers was as good as an added regiment of troops. This gifted man
lost one son at Chickamauga, and another came out of the war in a
disabled condition.
MILITARY ORDER OF THE LOYAL LEGION
THE Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States
had its inception on that saddest day, at the conclusion of
the Civil War, when humanity throughout the world was
shocked by the death of Abraham Lincoln. "In honor of that
illustrious leader and of the great cause for which we had fought; in
recognition of the affectionate friendship which had been inspired among
the officers of the Army then about to disband; in historic recollection
of the Society of the Cincinnati, which had embraced the officers of the
Revolutionary Army, it was determined to form this Order; and at a
meeting of a few officers in the city of Philadelphia the initial steps
were that day taken for its organization. It was the first of the military
societies which followed, or rather accompanied, the close of the War."*
On April 15th, 1865, a meeting was held at the office of Lieut.-Col.
Thomas Ellwood Zell, in Philadelphia, to take action for the officers
and ex-officers of the Army and Navy to act as a guard of honor to the
remains of the President. It was determined by those present to call
a meeting of those who had served in the Rebellion on April 20th, when
Col. Zell presented a motion, which was adopted, that a society should
be formed to commemorate the events and principles of the War for
the Union, then drawing to a close, and that measures should be adopted
to promote that object. Subsequent meetings of those interested were
held and a provisional organization was effected at a meeting held May
*From General Charles Devens's Twenty-fifth Anniversary Oration.
322
323
3 1 St in the room in Independence Hall where the first Senate and House
of Representatives of the United States assembled and in which Wash-
ington was inaugurated. (From "The Organization of the Loyal Legion,"
by Col. Zell, in "United Service Magazine," February, 1889.)
Brevet Lieut.-Col. Samuel Brown Wylie Mitchell, Lieut.-Col. Thomas
Ellwood Zell, and Capt. Peter Dirck Keyser are designated as the founders
of the Order, Col. Mitchell's insignia and diploma being No. i.
The plan of a permanent organization hiving been perfected, the
Commandery of the State of Pennsylvania was organized November 4th,
1865, to date from April 15th, commemorating the day of the first meet-
ing. Major-Gen. George Cadwalader was elected Commander, and Col.
Mitchell, Recorder; both served also as Acting Commander-in-Chief and
Acting Recorder-in-Chief, respectively, until their deaths in 1879. The
Commandery of the State of Pennsylvania continued to be the Acting
Commandery-in-Chief until October 21st, 1885, when the Commandery-in-
Chief was organized. Major-Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock having become
Acting Commander-in-Chief, in 1879, was elected the first Commander-
in-Chief, serving until his death in 1886. The successive Commanders-
in-Chief have been: Gen. Philip Henry Sheridan, 1886; Brevet Major-
Gen. Rutherford Birchard Hayes, 1889; Brig.-Gen. Lucius Fairchild,
1892; Major-Gen. John Gibbon, 1895; Rear Admiral Bancroft Gherardi,
1896; Lieut.-Gen. John McAllister Schofield, 1899; Brevet Major-Gen.
David McMurtrie Gregg, 1903 ; Major-Gen,. John Rutter Brooke, 1905 ;
Major-Gen. Granville M. Dodge, 1907; Lieut.-Gen. John C. Bates, 1909;
Rear Admiral George W. Melville, 191 1; Lieut.-Gen. Arthur McArthur,
1912; Col. Arnold A. Rand, 1913. Brevet Lieut.-Col. John Page Nichol-
son succeeded Colonel Mitchell as Acting Recorder-in-Chief in 1879,
and in 1885 became Recorder-in-Chief, serving continuously to the present
time.
Among Commanders of State Commanderies have been: Major-Gen.
George Cadwalader, Brevet-Major Gen. D. McM. Gregg, Major-Gen.
John R. Brooke, Pennsylvania ; Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and Admiral David
G. Farragut, New York; Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, Illinois; Ex- Presi-
dent Rutherford B. Hayes and Benjamin Harrison, and Gen. William T.
Sherman, Ohio; Lieut.-Gens. John M. Schofield, Nelson A. Miles and
Samuel B. M. Young, California.
All legislative power is vested in the Congress of the Order, com-
posed of three representatives from each Commandery, which meets
quadrennially.
The executive and judicial power is vested in the Commandery-in-
Chief, which consists of the Commanders, ex-Commanders, Vice-Com-
manders, ex- Vice-Commanders, Recorders and ex-Recorders of the vari-
ous Commanderies. It meets annually.
Six meetings yearly is the average among the Commanderies; the
proceedings generally include business meeting, collation and reading of
a historical paper. Many volumes of these contributions to the history
324
of the Rebellion have been published. A majority of the Commanderies
maintain permanent headquarters and possess valuable collections of
books, pictures and relics pertaining to the War period.
CoMMANDERY OF THE State OF PENNSYLVANIA. Headquarters, Phila-
delphia. Instituted April 15th, 1865. Acting Commandery-in-Chief,
1865 to 1885. Commander, Gen. Charles G. Sawtelle. Recorder,
Col. John P. Nicholson. In 1888 the largest in membership; since
that year has been second in number of members. Original, 688;
Hereditary and Second Class, 405 ; Third Class, i ; total, 1095.
This Commandery is now permanently located in a spacious suite
of rooms upon the fifth floor of the Flanders Building, southeast corner
of Fifteenth and Walnut streets, including in its treasured possessions
an extensive collection of Civil War portraits, prints and relics, and a
comprehensive military and naval library.
In addition to his duties as Recorder-in-Chief, Col. Nicholson is
also Chairman of the Gettysburg National Park Commission and Vice-
President of the Valley Forge Park Commission.
Dames of the Loyal Legion.
The Dames of the Loyal Legion Society of Pennsylvania is com-
posed of the wives and daughters of Union Officers who served in the
Civil War. The present officers are: Mrs. Frank A. Hutchinson, Presi-
dent ; Mrs. Arthur A. Scott, Senior Vice-President ; Mrs. Robert Wetherill,
Junior Vice-President ; Mrs. Clarence W. Bispham, Recorder ; Mrs. Will-
iam Irish, Treasurer; Mrs. Thompson F. Edwards, Registrar; Miss
Frances R. Edwards, Color Bearer.
THE GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC*
MILE upon mile of dusty, tattered, but glorified regiments ; hour
after hour of martial music, of scenes that were full of cheer-
ing, of ecstasy and of sobbing. So the armies of the Union
marched through Washington, passing in review before the
statesmen and military chiefs of the Nation. Behind them were the graves
of the fallen, before them the renewed problems of civil life. A few
♦The discharged officers and soldiers of the United States Army, residing in
Philadelphia, held a meeting, the presiding officer being Lieut.-Col. Henry A. Cook,
of Baxter's Fire Zouaves, and proposed to secure a charter for a society of veterans
and to establish branch organizations throughout Pennsylvania. Army and Navy
Journal, May, 1865.
This was one of the many now forgotten movements which, a year later, found
solution in the organization of the Grand Army of the Republic.
325
more days of drums, breeze-tossed flags, of fervent oratory, as each
group of survivors came to its own community, and the rifles were
stacked in the armories, the swords and sashes placed above domestic
mantels. The war was over.
Beside the camp-fires, from the Potomac to the Mississippi, men had
. dreamed and talked of the preservation of comradeship. Many plans
were suggested. Politicians were alert to a great opportunity. But it
was an army surgeon in the home city of the martyred War President
who showed the way to success.
Having organized the first post of the Grand Army of the Republic
at Decatur, 111., on April 6th, i866, the founder of the order. Dr. Benja-
min F. Stephenson, called together representative soldiers from all sec-
tions of the State, and submitted, with explanations, the principles upon
which the Grand Army of the Republic was destined to build the greatest
association of veteran soldiery known to history. This meeting was held
at Springfield, 111., on July I2th, 1866. As commander-in-chief. Dr.
Stephenson called through Adjutant-Gen. J. C. Webber and Major Robert
M. Woods, the first National Encampment to convene at Indianapolis,
Ind., on November 20th, 1866. At this time Wisconsin and Iowa and
posts in Pennsylvania had been organized, and during the encampment
Indiana joined the movement.
The fifth State to organize a department, and the first of the sea-
board States, was Pennsylvania.
The Second National Encampment was held at Philadelphia, Janu-
ary iSth, i6th and 17th, 1868, Major-Gen. John A. Logan being elected
commander-in-chief. The institution of an annual Memorial Day was
introduced by Gen. Logan. The purposes of the order are epitomized
in the words "Friendship, Charity and Loyalty." Former rank is not
officially recognized in the order. All honorably discharged soldiers,
sailors and marines are eligible to membership, the commander of an
army corps and the private soldier being upon an equality in the post-
room.
Membership in the order passed beyond one hundred thousand in
1883 and reached its zenith at four hundred and nine thousand four
hundred and eighty members, in good standing, in 1890. The national
membership in 191 1 was one hundred and ninety-one thousand three
hundred and forty-six. The membership in that year (fifty years after
the opening of the Civil War), in the State of Pennsylvania, was nine-
teen thousand two hundred and ninety-eight.
Past Commandbrs-in-Chief from Phuadelphia and Vicinity.
John F. Hartranft 1875-1876
Louis Wagner 1879
Robert B. Beath 1883
T. P. S. Gobin , 1897
Thomas J. Stewart 1902
326
Senior Vice Commander-in-Chief.
Joshua T. Owen 1868
Past Department Commanders from Philadelphia.
Louis Wagner 1866-1867
A. R. Calhoun 1870
Robert B. Beath 1873
A. Wilson Norris 1874
James W. Latta 1876
S. Irvin Givin i877
John Taylor 1881
John M. Vanderslice • 1882
William Emsley 1894
James F. Morrison 1899
Lewis W. Moore 1910
Sessions of the National Encampment, Grand Army of the Republic, Held
IN Philadelphia.
January isth, 1868 Second Encampment.
June 30th 1876 Tenth Encampment.
September 6th 1899 Thirty-third Encampment.
POSTS OF THE GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC IN ORGANIZATION
IN PHILADELPHIA JANUARY ist, 1912.
No. Post. Location. Meetings.
I. Gen. George G. Meade. .Parkway Building Monday.
2 667-669 N. Twelfth Street Thursday.
5. Gen. U. S. Grant 1706 South Street Tuesday.
6. Ellis Town Hall, Germantown Thursday.
7. Capt. Walter S. Newhall.Girard Ave. and Eyre Street. . Tuesday.
8. Gen. E. D. Baker 1417 Columbia Avenue Thursday.
10. Lieut. John T. Greble 721 Wharton Street Monday.
12. Hetty A. A. Jones Roxborough Monday.
14. Col. Ulric Dahlgren 2434 Kensington Avenue First and third
Tuesday.
15. Gen. G. K. Warren Carson Street, Manayunk Thursday.
18. Col. Wm. L. Curry 317 N. Twentieth Street Thursday.
19. Col. Fred. Taylor 1431 Brown Street Thursday.
21. Courtland Saunders Thirty-ninth St. above Market
street Monday.
24. Admiral DuPont Broad and Federal Streets Second and fourth
Monday.
27. John W. Jackson 409 S. Eleventh Street First Wednesday.
(Colored)
35. The Cavalry Parkway Building First Thursday.
46. Col. Gus. W. Town 1421 South Street Wednesday.
51. Capt. Philip R. Schuyler. .Sepviva and Norris Streets. .. Thursday.
55 Gen. Phil. Kearny 4604 Frankford Avenue Monday.
56. Col. John W. Moore 3930 Lancaster Avenue First and third
Friday.
63. Gen. D. B. Birney Germantown Avenue and Dia-
mond Street Wednesday.
71. Gen. John F. Reynolds. . .1226 S. Eighth Street Wednesday.
77. (no name) 524 N. Sixth Street Second Friday.
327
No. Post. Location. Meetings.
80. Robert Bryan S. W. Cor. Eleventh and Fitz-
Colored) water Streets Tuesday.
94. Anna M. Ross Girard Avenue and Hutchinson
Street Monday.
103. Charles Sumner 1224 N. Eleventh Street Second and fourth
(Colored) Wednesday.
114. Winfield Scott 2054 Ridge Avenue Monday.
115. Gen. John A. Logan 1231 S. Seventeenth Street ... Wednesday.
160. Gen. Hector Tyndale 1365 Ridge Avenue Saturday.
191. Penna. Reserve S.W. Cor. Fifth and Chestnut
Streets Wednesday.
228. John A. Koltes 236-238 George Street First Sunday, 3 P. M.
275. Gen. Robert Patterson. . .1131 S. Broad Street First and third
Wednesday.
312. Lieut. Edw. W. Gay 2214 Germantown Avenue .... First and third
Wednesday.
334. Col. James Ashworth Frankford Wednesday.
363. Gen. T. C. Deven Parkway Building First Thursday.
400. The Naval 132 S. Eighth Street Wednesday.
IMPORTANT EVENTS IN THE LOCAL HISTORY OF THE GRAND ARMY
OF THE REPUBLIC.
October 17th, 1866. — Organization of a Post of the G. A. R. Commander
Clajrton McMichael (designated Post i).
October 29th. — Organization of a Post of the G. A. R. Commander, S. B.
Wylie Mitchell (later designated Post 2).
January i6th, 1877. — ^A permanent department of the Department of Penn-
sylvania, organized at Philadelphia. Gen. Louis Wagner, Commander.
January isth, 1868. — Second Annual National Encampment convened at In-
dependence Hall, Philadelphia. Gen. Louis Wagner, Commander.
May 31st, 1868. — First annual observance of Memorial Day by Posts of the
G. A. R. and the public.
June 30th, 1876. — Tenth National Encampment convened at the headquarters
of Post 2, Thirteenth and Spring Garden Street, Philadelphia.
May i6th, 1877. — General U. S. Grant was mustered into George G. Meade,
Post I, by special dispensation, at the office of Mr. George W. Childs in the ~
Public Ledger building. Reception at Independence Hall.
July, 1877. — The Grand Army Posts were organized as veteran emergency
regiments to preserve order in the city during the railroad riots.
October 19th, 1877. — First observance of "Grand Army Day.'' Parade of
the Posts and review at the Permanent Exhibition in Fairmount Park by Com-
mander-in-Chief J. C. Robinson, Governor John F. Hartranft, Gen. George B.
McClellan, Gen. S. P. Heintzelman, Gen. D. McM. Gregg and other distinguished
officers.
December 12th, 1879. — Magnificent welcome to ex-President U. S. Grant by
the veteran soldiers of the city, upon his return from his tour of the world. Re-
ception at the Academy of Music.
September i6th, 1887. — Grand Army Day of the Centennial Celebration of
Adoption of the National Constitution.
September 4th-9th, 1899. — Thirty-third Annual National Encampment G. A.
R., held at Philadelphia. An event of nation-wide notice, attended by a general
suspension of business, splendid public and private decorations and an imposing
parade of the veterans of the Union Army and Navy, escorted by the local military.
October, 1898. — Peace Jubilee. Led by Gen. Nelson A. Miles, chief marshal.
The Posts of the Grand Army of the Republic joined with the National Guard
328
of Pennsylvania in honoring the heroes and volunteers who served in the war
with Spain.
October pth, 1908.— "Historical Day" of the Founders' Week Celebration, a
leading feature of which was the parade of local and visiting G. A. R. Posts and
of the Sons of Veterans, the latter uniformed and armed to represent the depart-
ing regiments of the Civil War. The details of this last great parade of the Grand
Army of the Republic in the City of Philadelphia was in charge of a committee
from the Grand Army Association, consisting of Comrade Robert B. Beath, Chair-
man; John D. Worman, Secretary; James W. Latta, St. Clair A. MulhoUand,
Joseph R. Craig, Charles A. Suydam and Henry I. Yohn.
June 30th to July 4th, i9i3.^Fiftieth anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg.
As guests of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the States, North and South, and
of the National Government, this remarkable and unique event was attended by a
host of veterans of the Union and the Confederate armies, meeting under one flag and
pledged to renewed loyalty to the Government of the United States.
MEMORIAL DAY IN PHILADELPHIA
ANNUALT^Y during a period of forty-five years the members
of the Grand Army of the Republic all over the country have
assembled pursuant to official orders at their Post headquarters
and, after appropriate services, have marched to the burial
places of their departed comrades to marlc their graves with flowers.
Veterans of the naval service cast their wreaths upon the waters of the
seas. Armed escorts of Post Guards and Sons of Veterans discharge
volleys over the dead, and the grandchildren of the veterans gone and
yet to go march with the ever-lessening lines to the solemn dirge of
bands and the beat of muffled drums.
The duties of this day are divided, in Philadelphia, among the
several Posts, each taking charge of the ceremonies, as a rule, year after
year at the same cemeteries. The assignments are as follows:
Post I. North, South and Central Laurel Hill.
Post 2. Monument Cemetery.
Post S- Mt. Moriah (Philadelphia portion), St. James Cemetery, Sixty-ninth
Street and Woodland Avenue, and the grave of Anna M. Ross at Monument
Cemetery.
Post 6. All cemeteries in Germantown and Chelten Hills. (Camp No. g, Sons
of Veterans, Holy Sepulchre and Ivy Hills Cemeteries.)
Post 7. Palmer and Hanover Cemeteries and Walter S. Newhall monument.
Post 8. Glenwood Cemetery.
Post 12. Leverington, St. Timothy's Presbyterian, Lutheran and St. Mary's,
Roxborough, Cemeteries. Hetty Jones' monument.
Post 15. German Reformed, St. David's, St. John's, German Catholic, West-
minster and Presbyterian (Manayunk) Cemeteries.
Post 18. Fernwood and Col. W. L. Curry's grave at South Laurel Hill.
Post 19. Odd Fellows' Cemetery.
Post 21. Woodland, Cathedral, Quaker (at Darby), Melrose and Baptist
(Blockley) Cemeteries.
Post 24. Hebrew Cemetery.
Post 27. Merion and Eden Cemeteries.
Eh
MASSED SCHOOL CHILDREN. A BEAUTIFUL FEATURE OF THE 33D NATIONAL
ENCAMPMENT OF THE G. A. R., SEPTEMBER, 1899.
BREVET MAJOR-GEN. ST. CLAIR A. MULHOLLAND AND STAFF, VETERAN
DIVISION, FOUNDERS' WEEK PARADE, OCTOBER, 1908.
329
Post 35. West Laurel Hill and McClellan monument.
Post 46. Ronaldson, Philanthropic, St. Peter's (Third and Pine Streets), Old
Pine Street Church Cemeteries, the graves of Commodore Stephen Decatur, Capt.
Ross of First Troop, Philadelphia City Cavalry, George M. Dallas and William
Hurry (who, the tradition is, rang the State House bell when the Declaration of
; Independence was proclaimed) .
Post SI. Franklin, St. Ann's, Bellevue, St. Peter's, Holy Redeemer Cemeteries,
and the grave of Capt. Philip R. Schuyler, at Monument Cemetery.
Post SS. St. Joachim's, Cedar Hill, North Cedar Hill, Cheltenham, Oxford
Church, Pennypack, Bridesburg, Magnolia and Bustleton Cemeteries.
Post 56. Mt. Moriah (west side) ahd Graceland Cemeteries.
Post 63. Oakland and Knights of Pythias' Cemeteries and the grave of Gen.
David B. Birney.
Post 71. Old Swedes' (Gloria Dei), Union and Mutual Cemeteries and the
Reynolds monument.
Post 7T. Olney Cemetery.
Post 80. Wilmot and Bethel Cemeteries.
Post 94. American Mechanics' Cemetery.
Post 103. Olive Cemetery.
Post 114. Mt. Vernon and St. James the Less Cemeteries.
Post IIS. Trinity Lutheran Cemetery.
Post 160. Mt. Peace Cemetery and the grave of Gen. Hector Tyndale at
North Laurel Hill.
Post 191. Fifth and Arch Streets, Fernwood, Christ Church Cemeteries and
the tomb of Robert Morris.
Post 228. German Lutheran Cemetery and the grave of Col. John A. Koltes
at Glenwood Cemetery.
Post 275. St. Mary's and Philadelphia Cemeteries and grave of Gen. Francis
E. Patterson at Laurel Hill.
Post 312. Northwood, Milestown Baptist and Methodist Cemeteries and the
grave of Lieut. E. W. Gay.
Post 334. Methodist, Presbyterian, Mt. Sinai, Hedge Street (Holmesburg),
All Saints' (CoUegeville) and German Hill (Torresdale) Cemeteries and the grave
of Col. James Ashworth at Cedar Hill.
Post 363. National Cemetery, Germantown.
Post 400. Mt. Moriah (naval plot) and St. Mary's (Fourth and Pine streets)
Cemeteries.
NATIONAL CEMETERY AT PHILADELPHIA
THIS cemetery is located in the suburb of Pittville, at the inter-
section of Haines Street and Limekiln Pike. The soldiers, both
Union and Confederates, who died at the several military hos-
pitals of the city in the course of the war, are buried here, having
been removed from the local cemeteries to this beautiful tract. The total
interments to June 30th, 1913, are 3,288 of identified soldiers and 40
of those unknown. This includes 180 known and 4 unknown _ Con-
federates. A monument to these Southern soldiers was recently dedicated
by the local Chapter, Daughters of the Confederacy. All but 40 of the
444 bodies of soldiers remaining in Mt. Moriah Cemetery are in charge
of the Superintendent of the National Ometery.
GRAND ARMY ASSOCIATION
THIS central organization of the Grand Army of the Republic
in Philadelphia was formed July 26th, 1895, as a responsible
medium for the relief of indigent veterans and widows of sol-
diers of the Civil War, and also for the advancement of the^
interests of the Grand Army of the Republic in all honorable particulars.
It is formed from four delegates, elected annually, from each post in
Philadelphia and Camden, N. J. Regular monthly meetings are held at
the southwest corner of Fifth and Chestnut streets, in the room in which
met the first Supreme Court of the United States. The Grand Army As-
sociation undertakes to relieve the local posts from the annoyance of im-
postors, to assist soldiers in securing pensions, to see that deceased soldiers
and soldiers' widows receive proper burial, and to dispense charity to all
having a proper claim. It has thus paid out since its organization above
$10,000, the majority of the male beneficiaries not being members of the
Grand Army of the Republic. Annual reunions are held at Willow Grove
Park which attract thousands of veterans, their families and friends.
The first president was Hon. G. Harry Davis of Post i (deceased) ; sec-
ond president, Joseph R. Craig, Post 2 (deceased) ; third president.
Col. R. B. Beath, Post 5, Past Commander-in-Chief of the Grand Army
of the Republic; fourth president (present incumbent), Joshua R. Field,
Post 19. Secretary, dating from organization, Henry I. Yohn, Post i ;*
first treasurer, Edwin Walton (deceased) ; second and present treasurer,
C. F. Gramlich.
REGIMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS
THE spirit of fraternity and loyalty to soldierly traditions among
the veterans who had again assumed the duties of civil life
naturally prompted the organization of regimental associations
for the perpetuation of friendships and for mutual aid in the
years to come. Strong in numbers and enthusiasm in the earlier years
of their existence, many of these associations, whose survivors are now
♦Comrade Henry Irvin Yohn, a sturdy representative of Pennsylvania Dutch
stock, joined the Union Army when fourteen years old, in 1862. The following
year he was transferred to the ist U. S. Cavalry, and had the distinction of being
the youngest cavalryman then in the ranks of the regular army. His enlistment
being for a term of five years, he accompanied his regiment to the far West, and
as sergeant served in the campaigns against the Apache Indians in Arizona. He
has long held the position of Chief Deputy, Bureau of Delinquent Taxes, Phila-
delphia.
330
331
few and scattered, have ceased to exist; others continued to be a
rallying point and refuge, in their old age, to their ever-lessening list
of adherents. Could the individual records of these minor societies be
printed, it would afford an impressive story of fidelity of the strong
to the weak. In the weary march along the devious road of life none
have been left helpless and abandoned to their fate. Some of the more
active of the regimental associations have made and continue to enjoy
annual excursions to the scenes of their campaigns as soldiers. In some
instances members of wealth have left sum.s of money for this purpose.
By far the most important of the many thmgs accomplished by the
associations is seen in the beautiful and costly monuments erected, with
state assistance,* and dedicated upon the site of their positions on the
battle line, marking for all time the scenes where they fought, notably
at Antietam, Gettysburg and around Chattanooga, t These memorials
have been committed to the care of the National Government, an ex-
ception being the superb monument of the Philadelphia Brigade at
Antietam, which is left to the guardianship of the City of Philadelphia,
which provided the fund for its erection.
Among the most active of the veteran associations still existent
in: this city are those of the 23d, 26th, 28th, 29th, Soth, 68th, 71st, 72d,
73d, 7Sth, 88th, 90th, 91st, 95th, io6th, 109th, 114th, ii8th, 119th and
I2ist Infantry, the Reserve Corps Association, the Philadelphia Brigade
Association, the 3d, Sth, 6th, 15th and 20th Cavalry, the 2d Heavy
Artillery.
ORGANIZATIONS OF NAVAL VETERANS
THE pioneer organization of Union veterans of the naval force
was the Farragut Naval Veteran Association No. i, formed at
Philadelphia within two years after the close of the war. Sub-
sequently, similar independent associations were organized in
other cities, but it was not until 1887 that the project, often discussed,
of a union of these scattered bodies was realized. In that year the
National Association of Naval Veterans of the United States of America
was formed at New York City. The order includes, as eligible, any
officer or enlisted man who served in the United States Navy, Marine
Corps or Revenue Marine during any portion of the period from April,
*The earliest battle monuments erected in the South were dedicated by Massa-
chusetts and Pennsylvania troops at Bull Run and Groveton, Va., June 12th, 1865.
fThe State of Pennsylvania awarded to each regiment the sum of $1,500 to pay
the cost of battlefield monuments. Nearly all of those erected were far more ex-
pensive, the additional outlay being met by the Regimental Associations.
332
i86i, to August, 1865. The Second National Convention met at Phila-
delphia in the hall of Naval Post 400, in September of the following
year. Generally, the annual conventions of the order have been held
at the same places and coincidentally with the National Encampments
of the Grand Army of the Republic, with which the majority of the
navy veterans are identified and which includes three posts, composed
exclusively of seamen, one of which, Post 400, organized in 1883, is
located in Philadelphia.
An independent association, which is still existent in Philadephia,
is the Naval Veteran Legion, which is closely allied to Naval Post 400.
The Legion originated in a reunion of the survivors of the crew of
the U. S. Sloop-of-War Jamestown, who were shipwrecked during a
voyage around the world in the course of the Civil War.* The Phila-
delphia Naval Veteran Association No. 32, once strong in numbers,
still musters about fifty surviving members. The present officers of
this local association are Commander William J. McEwan, Lieut.-Com-
mander Solomon Asher, Lieut. Louis E. Keen, Surgeon Charles W.
Karsner, Paymaster Albert T. Young; Secretary, Jacob Teal; Assistant
Secretary, Charles Shotwell; Chaplain, Charles F. Dyce.
THE ASSOCIATION OF UNION EX-PRISONERS OF WAR,
PHILADELPHIA
THE Union Ex-Prisoners of War Association of Philadelphia
was chartered on the eighth day of October, 1883, by C. C.
Shanklin, President of the National Association of the Union
Ex-Prisoners of War, at Cleveland, Ohio, and, although its
ranks are being rapidly depleted by the ravages of time coupled with
the disabilities resulting from imprisonment in the military stockades of
the South, its members maintain the loyal and fraternal spirit which
united them at its inception.
During the first year of the war no formal agreement for the
exchange of prisoners existed, captives being exchanged by mutual con-
sent of the opposing commanders. But, as the operations of the armies
extended, it became apparent that a better method should be devised,
hence a cartel of exchange was agreed upon on July 22d, 1862, between
Gen. John A. Dix and Gen. D. H. Hill, the former representing the.
United States Government, the latter the Southern Confederacy. By its
*The voyage of the U. S. S. Jamestown, covering a period of three years, is the
subject of an entertaining little volume written by Shipmate Isaac K. Arthur.
333
terms all prisoners of war were to be discharged on parole in ten days,
the surplus on either side to be held from service until duly exchanged.
For a year after the cartel was agreed upon exchanges progressed
without any serious friction. Then dissatisfaction began to develop into
a more serious rupture, hence, many of those comprising this association,
who had been captured by the enemy, were incarcerated for many
months, suffering terrible privations, owing to the unfortunate condi-
tions which culminated in the entire cessation of the exchange of
prisoners.
The following ex-prisoners are recorded on the charter of the
association: David T. Davis, Edmund A. Maas, Louis R. Fortescue,
Alexander F. Nicholas, Herman J. Hambleton, Henry E. Rulon, William
H. Blanks, Robert Stewart, James Reid, Daniel B. Meany, James Mc-
Caulley, Chas. E. Tipton, George S. Neill, Joseph Bumes, Lewis F.
Schiebler, Joseph E. Preston, Benjamin F. Skeen, Frank E. Moran,
Rufus S. Read, James Noon, George L. Brown, James H. Ward.
THE WOMEN'S RELIEF CORPS
THE Seventeenth Annual National Encampment of the Grand
Army of the Republic, held at Denver, Colorado, in July, 1883,
conferred official standing upon this organization of patriotic
women as a National Auxiliary to the G. A. R. The Women's
Relief Corps was formed from a large number of local and State corps,
generally composed of the female relatives of soldiers and informally
attached to various posts. The several New England corps were united
under a Union Board, and at the Denver gathering the members of the
Executive Committee of said Board were elected officers of the New Na-
tional Corps. Mrs. E. Florence Barker, of Massachusetts, became the
first President, the Senior Vice-President being Mrs. Kate B. Sherwood,
of Ohio, who had been largely instrumental in promoting the national
body. All loyal women were now eligible to membership. The officers
and delegates were accorded every courtesy by the Grand Army of the
Republic and were invited to witness the installation of Comrade Robert
B. Beath as Commander-in-Chief.
The objects of the Woman's Relief Corps as set forth in the pre-
amble are : "To specially aid and assist the members of the Grand Army
of the Republic and to perpetuate the memory of the heroic dead; to
inculcate lessons of patriotism and love of country, not only among our
membership, but also among our children."
ARMY AND NAVY MEDAL-OF-HONOR MEN
Resident in Pliiladelphia
MOVED by appreciation of individual deeds of exceptional
bravery and devotion shown by soldiers in the Union army,
an Act was passed by the Senate and House of Represen-
tatives of the United States and approved by the President
upon July I2th, 1862, authorizing the Executive "to cause two thou-
sand 'Medals of Honor' to be prepared, with suitable emblematic de-
vices, and to direct that the same be presented in the name of Congress
to such non-commissioned officers and privates as shall most distinguish
themselves by their gallantry in action and other soldier-like qualities
during the present insurrection."
By a further Act approved March 3d, 1863, commissioned officers
were included among those eligible for heroism in action for the dis-
tinction of the Medal of Honor.
Under an Act approved December 21st, 1861, the Secretary of the
Navy was authorized "to cause two hundred Medals of Honor to be
prepared, with suitable emblematic devices, 'for presentation to such
petty officers, seamen, landsmen and marines' as shall most distinguish
themselves by their gallantry in action and other seaman-like qualities
during the present war." Under a further Act approved July i6th,
1862, seamen "distinguishing themselves in battle or by extraordinary
heroism in the line of their profession" were eligible to promotion to
forward warrant officers or acting master's mates, "as they were best
qualified, upon recommendation of their commanding officer, approved
by the flag officer and the Department," and such promotion carried
with it the right to the "Medal of Honor."
By virtue of these Acts Medals of Honor were presented to those
found to be worthy of them in the Federal army during the Civil
War and to those entitled to them for service in the navy in the same
period. These army and navy medals were distinctive in design, but
in 1905 a new and uniform design was adopted by the Government, in
conformity with which new medals were issued to the army branch of
the service.
By later enactment Congress has provided for awarding Medals
of Honor to soldiers, sailors and marines who have distinguished them-
selves in the service subsequent to the Civil War or may do so here-
after.
At Washington, D. C, upon April 23d, 1890, veterans of the army
and navy holding "Medals of Honor" met and organized a military and
naval order entitled the "Medal-of-Honor Legion of the United States of
America."
334
335
The constitution of the order provided for companions of the first
class, these being the holders of such medals, and companions of the
second class, composed of the eldest or other son nominated by a
member, or, on failure of sons, the eldest or other daughter so nom-
inated, these companions to be entitled upon arrival at the age of
twenty-one years to enjoy all privileges and rights of voting existing in
the order. Upon the death of the original holder of the "Medal of
Honor" the son or daughter of his kin, then a companion of the sec-
ond class, becomes, by right, a companion of the first class, thus per-
petuating the membership of the order. A large proportion of the
men thus distinguished by the nation identified themselves with the
order.
The Military Order of the Medal of Honor.
This additional body of the holders of Medals of Honor was
formed in New York City upon November 30th, 1909, membership
being confined, in the first class, to those who have been awarded medals
authorized by Congress "for distinguished gallantry in action," and, in
the second class, -to one lineal descendant of deceased members of the
first class.
PHILADELPHIANS WHO SERVED IN THE CIVIL WAR TO WHOM
THE MEDAL OF HONOR HAS BEEN PRESENTED BY CONGRESS.
*Orson W. Bennett, Captain, i02d U. S. C. T.
♦Charles M. Betts. Lieutenant-Colonel, isth Penna. Cavalry.
♦Richard Binder, Sergeant., U. S. Marine Corps.
*Henry H. Bingham, Brevet-Brigadier-General, U. S. Volunteers.
William R. D. Blackwood, Surgeon, 48th Penna. Infantry, Brevet-Lieutenant-
Colonel, U. S. V.
Sylvester Bonnaffon, Jr., Captain, 99th Penna. Infantry, Brevet-Lieutenant.
Colonel, U. S. Volunteers.
Charles H. Clawson, 6ist Penna. Infantry.
Louis H. Carpenter, Brigadier-General, U. S. A., retired.
Daniel Caldwell, First Lieutenant. 13th Penna. Cavalry.
*James G. Clark, Private, 88th Penna. Infantry.
♦Charles H. T. Collis, Colonel, 114th Penna. Infantry, Brevet-Major-General,
U. S. Volunteers.
Richard Connor, Private, 6th N. J. Infantry.
Michael Dougherty, 13th Penna. Cavalry.
♦Edmund English, First Lieutenant and Adjutant, 7th U. S. Vet. Vol. Infantry,
Brevet-Captain, U. S. Volunteers.
♦John B. Fassitt, Captain, 23d Penna. Infantry.
♦Joseph Fisher, Corporal, 6ist Penna. Infantry.
♦Frank Furness, Captain, 6th Penna. Cavalry (Rush Lancers).
Edward L. Gilligan, Captain, 88th Penna. Infantry.
♦William E. Goodman, Captain, 147th Penna. Infantry, Brevet-Major, U. S.
Volunteers.
Henry S. Huidekoper, Lieutenant-Colonel, 150th Penna. Infantry.
Note. — Star indicates members deceased to time of publication.
336
John C. Hunterson, 3d Penna. Cavalry.
♦Wallace W. Johnson, Sergeant, 6th Penna. Reserves.
♦William H. Lambert, Captain, 33d N. J. Infantry, Brevet-Major, U. S. Volun-
teers.
John H. Lawson, Landsman, U. S. Flagship Hartford.
*John F. Mackie, First Sergeant, U. S. M. C.
Sylvester H. Martin, Captain, 88th Penna. Infantry.
James Miller, Master's Mate, U. S. S. Marblehead.
♦George W. Mindel, Colonel, 27th and 33d N. J. Infantry, Brevet- Major-Gen-
eral, U. S. Volunteers.
♦St. Clair A. MulhoUand, Colonel, ii6th Penna. Infantry, Brevet-Brigadier-
General and Major-General, U. S. Volunteers.
Peter McAdams, Lieutenant, 98th Penna. Infantry.
Michael McKeever, Sergeant, 5th Penna. Cavalry.
♦Jacob G. Orth, Corporal, 28th Penna. Infantry.
♦Robert L. Orr, Colonel, 61 st Penna. Infantry.
♦William J. Palmer, Colonel, isth Penna. Cavalry, Brevet-Brigadier-General,
U. S. Volunteers.
Robert Penn, Fireman, First Class, U. S. Navy.
♦George C. Piatt, Private, 6th U. S. Cavalry.
Noble D. Preston, Captain, loth N. Y. Cavalry, Brevet-Lieutenant-Colonel,
N. Y. S. Volunteers.
♦Martin E. Scheibner, Private, 90th Penna. Infantry.
♦Alfred J. Sellers, Major, 90th Penna. Infantry, Brevet-Colonel, U. S. Vol-
unteers.
♦J. Wallace Scott, Captain, iS7th Penna. Infantry.
George D. Sidman, i6th Michigan Infantry.
♦George H. Stockman, First Lieutenant, 6th Missouri Infantry.
John H. R. Storey, Sergeant, logth Penna. Infantry.
♦Hampton S. Thomas, Major, First Penna. Cavalry, Brevet-Colonel, U. S.
Volunteers.
John M. Vanderslice, Private, 8th Penna. Cavalry.
Moses Veale, Major, logth Penna. Infantry.
♦J. Henry White, Private, goth Penna. Infantry.
Ellwood N. Williams, First Sergeant, 28th Illinois Infantry.
William J. Wray, 23d Penna. Infantry, Sergeant, First Vet. Volunteer Reserve
Corps.
Nathan H. Edgerton, Captain, 6th Regiment, U. S. Colored Troops.
ABRAHAM LINCOLN, at Lemon Hill, Fairmount Park.
(Photos by Charles R. Pancoast.)
LEADERS OF THE UNION ARMIES IN BRONZE.
GRANT. McCLELLAN.
REYNOLDS. MEADE.
(Photos by Charles R. Pancoast.)
THE SONS OF VETERANS, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
WHEN the Grand Army of the Repubhc, yet in the fullness of
its numerical and physical strength, realized the importance
of creating a junior body to become the worthy heir of its
principles and traditions, the medium through which the story
of the trials, losses and achievements of its members might be trans-
mitted to oncoming generations, it encouraged the organization of the
Sons of Veterans of the United States of America. This movement
originated in the year 1879, when a Cadet Corps attached to Anna M.
Ross Post, No. 94, G. A. R., at Philadelphia (organized the preceding
year), was constituted Anna M. Ross Camp, No. i. Sons of Veterans.
Other existing cadet organizations affiliated with local posts soon adopted
the new title and the obligations of the order. In the meantime similar
movements have gained strength in Pittsburgh and elsewhere, acting inde-
pendently. It was only after years of controversy that personal ambitions
were subordinated to the interests of concerted effort and the order,
spread through other States, became truly national in its scope. The
amalgamation of the different elements was accomplished in 1886.
At the present time (19 13) the strength of the order throughout
the nation is in excess of forty-eight thousand, in the State of Pennsyl-
vania above fifteen thousand, and in the City of Philadelphia thirty-five
hundred men. The twenty-two camps located in Philadelphia are affili-
ated with the local posts of the G. A. R., as follows:
Camp Post Camp Post
1 Anna M. Ross 94 27 Moore S6
2 Fred Taylor 19 29 sth Regiment 27
3 MacFayden IS 40 Newhall 7
4 J. F. Reynolds ^\ 80 Bryan 80
5 U. S. Grant S 82 Curry 18
7 Pennsylvania Reserve 191 114 Scott 114
9 Ellis 9 123 Cavalry 35
9 Clegg 12 228 Koltes 228
10 Greble .10 236 Cocker SS
13 Birney 63 277 Baker 8
21 Saund«rs 21 299 Post 2 2
An auxiliary body, numbering in Pennsylvania about three thousand,
and in Philadelphia one thousand, assists the Sons of Veterans in its
patriotic functions, which include the yearly recurring exercises and
duties of Memorial Day.
The Sons of Veterans Reserve, organized as an uniformed and
equipped military body, constitutes, in Pennsylvania, a brigade of nearly
three thousand officers and men, which may be counted upon, like the his-
toric militia of ante-helium days, to serve as a nucleus for a strong and
well-drilled force for State or National defence.
22 337
PRINCIPAL MEMORIALS OF THE CIVIL WAR LOCATED IN
PHILADELPHIA
WITH few exceptions the monuments related to the Civil War
period thus far placed in Philadelphia have been erected at
private cost. The monument to the soldiers and sailors of
Philadelphia in the Civil War, which it is proposed to place
in Logan Square and for which an appropriation has been made, will
be erected at the expense of the City.
Existing memorials are the following:
In the City.
Equestrian Statue, Major-Gen. John F. Reynolds, north plaza. City
Hall. Sculptor, J. Q. A. Ward.
Equestrian Statue, Major-Gen. George B. McClellan, north plaza,
City Hall. Sculptor, Elliott.
Statue, Artillery Corps, Washington Grays, Washington Square.
Sculptor, John Wilson.
Statue, First Regiment Infantry (Gray Reserves), in front of Union
League Club House. Sculptor, Henry K. Bush Brown.
Bronze Tablet, Union League Regiments, corridor Union League
Club House. Sculptor, H. K. Bush Brown.
Monument, Alumni and Cadets of Girard College who served in
the Union forces during the Civil War.
Monument, Soldiers and Sailors of the Civil War, Market Square,
Germantown.
Monument, Soldiers and Sailors, Mt. Moriah Cemetery.
In Fairmount Park.*
Monument, Abraham Lincoln, Lemon Hill.
Monumental Memorial (Richard Smith bequest). Centennial Con-
course.f The military and naval figures placed upon this imposing and
costly work are: Equestrian Statue, Major-Gen. Winfield S. Hancock;
sculptor, J. Q. A. Ward. Equestrian Statue, Major-Gen. George B.
McClellan ; sculptor, Edward C. Potter.
Statue, Major-Gen. George Gordon Meade. Sculptor, Daniel Ches-
ter French.
Statue, Major-Gen. John F. Reynolds. Sculptor, Charles Grafly.
Bust, Admiral David D. Porter. Sculptor, Charles Grafly.
Bust, Major-Gen. John F. Hartranft. Sculptor, A. Stirling Calder.
*A number of these bronzes were contributed by the Fairmount Park Asso-
ciation.
fThis noble work, costing $500,000, was designed by James H. and John T.
Windrim.
339
Bust, Admiral John A. Dahlgren. Sculptor, George E. Bissel.
Bust, Major-Gen. S. Wylie Crawford. Sculptor, Bessie O. Potter.
Bust, Gen. James A. Beaver. Sculptor, Katharine M. Cohen.
Bust, Governor Andrew G. Curtin. Sculptor, M. Ezekiel.
Equestrian Statue, Gen. U. S. Grant, East Park River Drive. Sculp-
tors, Daniel Chester French and Edward C. Potter.*
Equestrian Statue, Major-Gen. George Gordon Meade, Lansdowne
Drive. Sculptor, Alexander M. Calder.
Statue, Soldier of the Civil War (Courtland Saunders Post 21, G.
A. R.), near George's Hill.
Tablet, site of First Camp, 88th Regiment Infantry Volunteers,
East Park Drive, Falls of Schuylkill.
Public Squares and Small Parks Named in Honor of Persons or
Places Identified with the Civil War.
"Greble Plot," 3d street, near Moyamensing avenue.
"Birney Post Park," 6th street and Germantown avenue.
"Thomas J. Powers," Ann, Mercer and Almond streets.
"Anna M. Ross," loth street and Glenwood avenue.
"Baker Post," Rising Sun avenue and York road.
"Reynolds Post," Snyder avenue, Passyunk avenue and 17th street.
REORGANIZATION OF THE NATIONAL GUARD OF
PENNSYLVANIAt
SO completely weary of war and its panoplies were the people of
Pennsylvania after the return of the surviving veterans, that the
Adjutant-General reported in November, 1865, only eight companies
of militia in the State, including those in Philadelphia. The
necessity for an efificient armed force of State soldiery required prompt
action. Under the training of veteran officers and men, the number of
*Part of cost was defrayed by the City of Philadelphia.
tThe chaotic status of the State militia force, due to the depletion of Penn-
sylvania's fighting blood, was the inducement, probably, for an Act passed by
the Legislature May 4th, 1864, for the reorganization of the militia of the
Commonwealth, somewhat along the old lines of enrollment. After a discourag-
ing period of effort to obey instructions, Brigadier-General Lemuel Todd, State
Inspector General, wrote, in a report to Governor Curtin (Report of Adjutant-
General, State of Pennsylvania, for 1866) as follows:
"It is in vain to issue orders and call upon the people to voluntarily
assume such labors. The day of voluntary gratuitous service for the State seems
to have passed away forever." ,
"The glamour of military glory had faded away. The sight of thousands of
crippled veterans, the sorrow in countless homes, bereft of bread-winners fallen
340
companies increased in 1867 to thirty-eight, of which twenty-six were
in Philadelphia.
The Frst Division, National Guard, in 1868, included the First Troop
Philadelphia City Cavalry, Artillery Corps Washington Grays, Keystone
Battery, Philadelphia Veteran Light Artillery Regiment, 2d Regiment
(National Guard), 4th Regiment (Philadelphia Fire Zouaves), Philadel-
phia Zouaves and the Montgomery Guards, also the Reserve Brigade, com-
posed of the 1st Regiment (Gray Reserves) and the 3rd Regiment (Phil-
adelphia Light Guard) Infantry.
Five years after the close of the war the city contained at least a
dozen regiments of State troops of varying numerical strength and
efficiency.
A LIST OF PHILADELPHIA OFFICERS IN THE NATIONAL GUARD OF PENNSYL-
VANIA, SUBSEQUENT TO 1865, WHO SERVED IN THE CIVIL WAR
MAJOE-GeNBRALS.
Bankson, John P. Latta, James W.
Bowman, Wendell P. Prevost, Charles M.
Brinton, Robert M. Snowden, George R.
Brigadier-Generals.
Baxter, DeWitt Clinton. Hofmann, J. William.
Benson, R. Dale. Loud, Edward D. C.
Bosbyshell, Oliver C. Matthews, E. Wallace.
Bonnaffon, Sylvester, Jr. Muirheid, Henry P.
Coxe, John R. Wagner, Louis.
(Commissary General). Ward, Joseph R. C.
Dechert, Robert P. Wiedersheim, Theodore E.f
Colonels.
Ballier, John F. Maxwell, John.
Fritz, Peter. Neff, Harmanus.
Herring, Charles P. Norris A. Wilson
Lyle, Peter. (Judge Advocate General).
Leech, William A, Sellers, Alfred J.
McMichael, William. Smith, Thomas J.t
Maginniss, Thomas H. (Commissary General).
on Southern soil, the widespread sentiment of covert hostility to all that the
war party stood for, were the chief causes of this reaction through the State.
But, in the end, under the leadership of veteran officers and with seasoned
rank and file, the National Guard was destined to rise to a degree of effectiveness
and system never before attained, and to become a model which other States might
well strive to emulate.
tUnder the provisions of the 45th section of the Act for the organization,
discipline and maintenance of the National Guard of Pennsylvania, approved
May Sth, 1911 (Pamphlet Laws, page 131), the State authorities recognize the
services of the militia in the campaigns of 1862 and 1863 as a war service, and
the officers who are indicated, as above, in the text all appear in the official
records as having been engaged in either one or both of these campaigns.
341
Qark, J. Ross-t
Denney, John P.
Gilpin, Washington H.
Gorgas, John A.
Greene, Charles S.
Hassinger, D. Stanley.
Htiffington, Thomas E.
Allen. Wiffiam W.t
Chew, W. Wesley.
We, Charles Kt
Keyser, James D.t
KoUock, John W.
(Smgeon).
Ladner, Louis J.
Lewis, Samuel X.
Addis, Isaac.
BaiTv, David S.
Bile^ Edwin R.
Bra<^, James.
Bregy, F. Amedee.
Cadwalader, C. G.
Chadwick, Peter B.
Collins, Stephen B.t
Cosslet; Charles.
Davis, Jacob M.
Dnrang, John T.
Donaldson, Frank A
Fergnsson, Alexander Ct
Furey, Thomas.
Glading, Norwood P.
Grubb, E Bnrd.
Hailstock, Charles A.
Hewes, Harry \V.
Ht^uet Francis.
Hoyt, Henry F.
(Qtaplaii;).
Jacobus, Peter H.
LlKUTRN.-MJT-COLONEI.S.
Knight, Charles C.
Mear^ J. Ewing
(Suigeon)
Morris, Galloway Ct
Randall, Edmund.
North, George H.
Mitchell, S. B. Wylie
M-^jfflts.
O'Callaghan, C M.
Potter, Harry C
Rizer, Martin.
Ryan, John W.
Starr, James.
Stewart, William S.
\Mtherup, William A.
Worman, Charles H.
Captaiks.
Kennard, John T.
Koons, Frederick.
Landell, Edwin A.
Landenslager, Jacob.t
Martin, J. Parker.
McCook, Henry C
(Chaplain).
McGovem. John.
Muldoon, James.
Mullen, Dennis.
Packer. Edward E.
Ped^ Henry T.
Rhinehart C
Rose, Charles At
Simpson, George W.
Smith, Charles W.
Stafford, Maurice C
Thompson, John C.
Wahers, Albert H.
Ward, A\'illiam C
White, John R.
Wilson, J. Lapsley.t
HISTORIES OF COMMANDS IDENTIFIED. WHOLLY OR IN PART, WITH
PHUjU)ELPHIA in the reRIOO OF THE CIVH. WAR
(Copies of these volumes may be seen at the Philadelphia Library or at the Library
of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.)
6oth Regiment, 3d Cavalry.
60th Regiment, 3d Cavalrv-.
6ath Regiment, 3d Cavalry,
tember 5th, 189a
60th Regiment, 3d Cavalry.
Cav.ujey.
Regimental Committee. 1905.
".\ Memoir." Walter S. XewhalL 1864.
Address, Gettysburg, John C Hunterson, Sep-
(History of Company H.) 1878.
342
70th Regiment, 6th Cavalry. S. L. Gracey. i868.
70th Regiment, 6th Cavalry. Dedication of monument at Gettysburg, Oc-
tober, 14, 1888.
80th Regiment, 7th Cavalry. William B. Sipes. 1905.
80th Regiment, 8th Cavalry. "Sabre Strokes of the Pennsylvania Dragoons."
T. F. Dornblaser. 1884.
89th Regiment, 8th Cavalry. Pennock Huey. 1885.
89th Regiment, 8th Cavalry. Pennock Huey. "True History of the Charge
of, at Chancellorsville." 1885.
89th Regiment, 8th Cavalry. J. Edward Carpenter, "List of Battles," etc. 1886.
io8th Regiment, nth Cavalry. Register of Commissioned Officers and His-
torical Memorandum of the Regiment. 1886.
*i6oth Regiment,, ijth Cavalry (and the "Anderson Cavalry"). Charles H.
Kirk. 1906.
i6oth Regiment, isth Cavalry. John A. B. Williams, "Leaves from a Trooper's
Diary." 1869.
163d Regiment, i8th Cavalry. Publication Committee, Regimental Asso-
ciation, igog.
ArtiuBry.
ii2th Regiment, 2d Heavy Artillery. George W. Ward. 1904.
Keystone Battery (Battery A). Logan Howard-Smith and J. P. Reynolds
Scott. 1912.
Infantry.
23d Regiment, Birney's Zouaves. William J. Wray. 1904.
28th and 147th Regiments. Hector Tyndale. 1871.
28th and 147th Regiments and Battery E, Light Artillery. John P. Nicholson.
1882.
28th Infantry. Samuel P. Bates.
31st Regiment, 2d Reserves. E. M. Woodward, "Our Campaign." 1865.
32d Regiment, 3d Reserves. E. M. Woodward. 1883.
6ist Regiment. A. T. Brewer. 1911.
69th Regiment, Infantry. Anthony Wayne McDermott. 1889.
72d Regiment. A. S. Webb, Address at Gettysburg. 1883.
88th Regiment. John D. Vautier. 1894.
9Sth Regiment, Gosline's Zouaves. G. Norton Galloway. 1884.
99th Regiment, Infantry. C. H. Fasenacht. 1886.
103d Infantry. L. S. Dickey. 1910.
106th Regiment. Joseph R. C. Ward. 1906.
The Philadelphia Brigade, 69th, 71st, 72d and io6th Regiments. Charles H.
Banes. 1876.
109th Regiment. Address at Gettysburg, September 11, 1889.
109th Infantry (Veteran). Moses Veale. 1890.
iiith Regiment. John Richards Boyle, "Soldiers True." 1903.
114th Regiment. Frank Rauscher, "Mitsic on the March." 1892.
114th Regiment. Charles H. T." CoUis. 1891.
ii6th Regiment. St. Clair A. Mulholland. 1903.
iiSth Regiment. John L. Smith, "Antietam to Appomattox." 1905.
ii8th Regiment. A. G. Cattell, address at unveiling of a monument erected
by the Commercial Exchange of Philadelphia to the Corn Exchange Regiment,
at Gettysburg, September 8, 1884.
ii8th Regiment. H. T. Peck, Historical Sketch read at Gettysburg, September
8, 1884.
I2ist Regiment. Survivors' Association. 1893.
I2ist Regiment. Narrative by Col. Alexander Biddle and address by Walter
C. Biddle, at Gettysburg, July 3, 1886.
343
iSoth Regiment. Thomas Chamberlin. 1895.
iSSth Infantry. McKenna.
187th Regiment (and First Battalion). James M. Gibbs. 1905.
I92d Regiment. John C. Myers, "Daily Journal." 1864.
198th Regiment. E. M. Woodward.
Keystone Battery. T. L. Marshall. 1892.
Pennsylvania Reserve Corps. J. R. Sypher, complete record of the organ-
ization of Companies, Regiments and Brigades. 1865.
Martial Deeds of Pennsylvania. Samuel P. Bates. 1875.
Commonwealth Artillery Company. Muster Out Roll.
Pennsylvania at Chickamauga and Chattanooga. Ceremonies at the dedication
of monuments erected by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Captain George
W. Skinner, editor and compiler. 1897. This volume contains addresses and his-
torical essays delivered at the dedication of monuments of the 27th, 28th, 29th, 7Sth,
and 147th Regiments of Infantry; the 7th, 9th and isth Cavalry Regiments, and
of Lighty Battery E, not elsewhere published.
Pennsylvania at Gettysburg. Edited and Compiled by Lieut.-Col. John P.
Nicholson. Two vols. 1893. These volumes contain addresses and historical
essays delivered at the dedication of monuments of the 26th, 27th, 28th, 29th,
31st (2d Reserves), 41st (12th Reserves), s6th, 6ist, 68th, 69th, 71st, 72d, 73d,
74th, 7Sth, 8ist, 82d, 88th, 90th, 91st, 9Sth, 98th, 9gth, io6th, 109th, iioth, iisth,
ii6th, iiSth, iigth, i2ist, 147th and isoth Regiments Infantry. The 2d, 3d, 6th,
8th, l6th and i8th Cavalry. Battery G (served under Ricketts at Gettysburg),
1st Artillery, Battery H, 3d Heavy Artillery, Independent Battery E (Knap's).
MmTiA Organizations.
First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry. Joseph Lapsley Wilson.
1st Regiment Infantry (Gray Reserves). James W. Latta. 1912.
TO FIND NAMES AND RECORDS OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN, 1861=1865
All volunteer, militia and emergency organizations of Pennsylvania with
names of all officers thereof. Annual Report of the Adjutant General, State
of Pennsylvania, 1866.
All volunteer, militia and emergency organizations of Pennsylvania with
names and records of all officers and enlisted men, 1861 — 1865. History of
Pennsylvania Volunteers, Samuel P. Bates, S vols.
Record of all military organizations in the service of the United States
during the Civil War. A compendium of the War of the Rebellion. Frederick
H. Dyer.
Regimental Histories, see list. These works may be consulted by any per-
son by application at the rooms of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania and
of the Library Company of Philadelphia.
A PARTIAL LIST OF WORKS CONSULTED BY THE AUTHOR
Series of Brigade, Regimental and Company Histories of the Pennsylvania Vol-
unteers.
History of the Pennsylvania Volunteers. Samuel P. Bates.
A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion. Frederick H. Dyer.
Report of the Adjutant General of Pennsylvania, 1866.
Pennsylvania at Gettysburg. Edited by Lieut.-Col. John P. Nicholson.
Pennsylvania at Chickamauga and Chattanooga. Edited by Capt. George W.
Skinner.
History of the Grand Army of the Republic. Col. Robert B. Beath.
344
Register of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, Comroandery of the
State of Pennsylvania. Compiled by Lieut.-Col. John P. Nicholson.
History of the First Regiment Infantry N. G. P. Maj.-Gen. James W. Latta.
History of the First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry. Edition of 1874.
Life of Jay Cooke. Oberholtzer.
History of the National Association of Naval Veterans. Simmons.
American Bastile. Marshall.
"U. S. Bonds." Handy.
McAllister Collection Civil War Scrap-books. Ridgway Library.
Pamphlet and Report Collections at the Library of Philadelphia, the Library
of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, of the College of Physicians, and of the
MiUtary Order of the Loyal Legion.
Files of the Philadelphia Inquirer, 1861-1865.
WAR CHRONOLOGY— PHILADELPHIA, 1861
January 2d. Philadelphia Cadets formed at National Guards' Hall.
"Minute Men of '76" fired salutes in honor of Delaware loyalty.
January 3d. A day of national fasting and prayer.
Patriotic resolution passed at a meeting of the Board of Trade.
January 4th. Recruiting commenced for a regiment by Capt. George P. McLean
at a meeting held at Franklin and Buttonwood streets.
January 5th. Mayor Alexander Henry issued a proclamation against persons
engaged in disloyal activity in the city.
Salute of thirty-three guns in honor of Delaware by Shiffler Hose Comapny.
At a meeting of the Board of Trade Judge Ellis Lewis, representing the
Bell and Everett faction, denounced coercion of the South and upheld the
right of secession. In the evening a great Union demonstration was held
at National Hall. Republican Invincibles adopted patriotic resolutions.
January 7th. A meeting was held at Ladner's Military Hall, Third and Green
streets, to organize the Monroe Guards, Minute Men of '76, Curtin Guard,
American True Blues and Union Guard into a regiment under the com-
mand of William F. Small.
January 8th. Jackson Day. Jackson Zouaves, of New York, visited the Phila-
delphia Zouaves. Parade of National Guards.
Anderson Light Guard formed at 717 North Second street.
January 12th. "Yankee Doodle" hissed by Southern students at the Academy of
Music.
January i6th. A secession meeting was held at National Hall.
January 19th. American and German regiments met at Military Hall and formed
a brigade to be commanded by William F. Small.
State Guard attached to ist Artillery Regiment.
January 23d. National Guard Cadets organized and drilled by Col. Peter Lyie.
January 26th. Working men held a Union demonstration in Independence Square.
January 28th. Six companies of Col. F. E. Patterson's artillery regiment drilling
at their armories with "Quaker cannon."
January 29th. Twenty carloads of rifles shipped from Frankford Arsenal "to
Washington."
February 4th. Berry Light Guard formed by Capt. Casper Berry.
February loth. Continental Guards formed, at Nineteenth and South streets, as
artillery.
February 12th. A steamer loading at Willow street with heavy guns for the
defence of Washington.
February 21st. Hon. Abraham Lincoln, President-elect, arrived. He addressed
the people from the balcony of the Continental Hotel. He was accompanied
by Mrs. Lincoln, Col. Ward H. Lamon, Col. E. E. Ellsworth and several
army officers.
345
February 22d. At daybreak the President-elect raised an American flag upon
Independence Hall, leaving later for Harrisburg. He returned at night
by special train and, unknown to any one excepting a few railroad and
Government officials, left Broad and Prime Streets Station for Wash-
ington.
February 2Sth. U. S. S. Pawnee sailed for Washington.
March 4th. Great crowds assembled in front of newspaper offices to await the
news of Lincoln's inauguration.
March 19th. Philadelphia banks resumed specie payments.
April loth. Sudden activity at the Navy Yard.
April I2th. The arrival of reports of the Confederate assault upon Fort Sumter
in Charleston Harbor and the news that Major Anderson had capitulated
created immense excitement and at once aroused the patriotic element.
April isth. Riotous crowds in some sections of the city led Mayor Henry to
denounce treason and declare for peace and good order in the city.
Volunteering active in response to the first national call for troops.
Office of the Palmetto Plag in Chestnut street threatened by excited citizens.
April i8th. The 6th Massachusetts Regiment arrived at the foot if Walnut
street and marched to the Girard House amid stirring patriotic scenes.
April 19th. The 6th Massachusetts Regiment and Gen. Wm. F. Small's "Wash-
ington Brigade" (the latter without arms or uniforms) left at an early
hour for Washington. During the day the 8th Massachusetts Regi-
ment reached Philadelphia.
City Councils voted to arm Home Guards and to provide money to support
families of volunteers during their terms of service.
City Councils appropriated $1,000,000 for sustenance of soldiers' families.
April 20th. Ladies' Union Relief Corps formed.
The 7th New York Regiment arrived and, with the 8th Massachusetts Regi-
ment, proceeded southward by steamers for Annapolis, Md., leaving from
the foot of Washington avenue.
The Baltimore attack upon the 6th Massachusetts Regiment created intense
excitement.
Col. A. J. Pleasonton appointed commander of the Home Guard.
April 2ist. Recruits were drilled in all public squares. A State military clothing
factory was opened in the Girard House (then vacant), many leading
ladies assisting in the work.
April 22d. The 6th Regiment Infantry, Col. James Nagle, arrived from Potts-
ville and were quartered in the P., W. & B. R. R. depot, where they
remained until May 7th.
George Leisenring, of Gen. Small's command, died at the Pennsylvania Hos-
pital from stab wounds inflicted upon him at Baltimore. He was the
first Philadelphia soldier to die in the Civil War.
April 23d. Responding to published appeals, large numbers of ladies reported
at the Girard House (then closed as a hotel) and began to make uniforms.
April 24th. The Commonwealth Artillery Company, of Philadelphia, was sent
to reinforce the garrison at Fort Delaware.
April 2Sth. Meeting of loyal Baltimore citizens who had escaped to Philadelphia.
April 30th. An address of confidence was sent to Lieut.-Gen. Winfield Scott, which
was signed by Mayor Alexander Henry, Horace Binney, Richard Vaux
and others.
May 9th. The ist Regiment Artillery (17th .Regiment), Col. Francis E. Pat-
terson, recruited in Philadelphia, proceeded South. These were the first
Philadelphia soldiers to reach Washington, where the command was re-
organized as the 17th P. V. Infantry.
Two Ohio regiments encamped at Suffolk Park.
May 13th. First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry mustered in at Point Breeze
Park.
346
May 14th. The i8th, 19th and 22d Regiments left for the South. These regiments
were organized in Philadelphia under Cols. Wm. D. Lewis, Jr., Peter
Lyle and Turner G. Morehead, respectively, to serve for three months.
Major-Gen. Cadwalader and staff accompanied the Philadelphia regiments to
Baltimore.
Before the troops departed young ladies of the High School presented a
silk flag to the igth Regiment (National Guards).
Garibaldi Legion attached to 32d Regiment Pennsylvania Reserve Corps.
May isth. University Light Infantry drilling upon Fourth street, above Arch
street.
May l6th. Pupils of Zane Street Grammar School gave a concert at the Academy
of Music for the benefit of the volunteers.
An Act of Assembly approved for the establishment of a Home Guard Brigade
in Philadelphia.
May i8th. The 24th Regiment, Col. Joshua T. Owen, encamped at Hestonville.
May 20th. Alfred Jenks & Son, Bridesburg, received a contract for 32,000 rifles.
May 22d. The Military Department of Pennsylvania formed, with headquarters
in Philadelphia. This included Delaware and a part of Maryland.
May 24th. Scott Legion, 20th Regiment, encamped at Suffolk Park. These troops
had previously quartered at the building adjoining the Custom House
upon the west.
May 2Sth. Col. Ballier's regiment encamped at Suffolk Park.
May 27th. and 28th. Col. Wm. P. Small's regiment, 26th P. V. Infantry, mustered
in.
May 28th. 2lst and 28th Regiments encamped at Suffolk Park.
May 29th. 31st Regiment, Col. W. B. Mann, marched to Easton.
The 2ist, 24th and 26th Regiments, P. V. Infantry, left for the South.
May 30th. The 31st Regiment (2d Reserves) left for the Reserves' Camp at
Easton, Pa.
Scott Legion Regiment proceeded to Chambersburg and the First Troop P.
C. Cavalry to Carlisle.
June 1st. The tide of returning regiments sets in with the passage through the
city of the New York 7th Regiment.
June 7th. Four companies of infantry, commanded by Capt. J. C. Chapman, Capt.
John H. Taggart, Capt. C. S. Preall and Capt. Casper Martino, mustered
into State service and moved to Camp Curtin.
June nth. 29th Regiment accepted by the Government.
June 13th. The 27th Regiment in camp near Camden.
June 14th. Funeral of Lieut. John Trout Greble, U. S. A., the first Union officer
of regulars to fall during the war. This officer of artillery was killed
at the Battle of Big Bethel, Va., June loth, 1861.
June 17th. 26th Regiment moved to Washington and the 27th Regiment to
Chambersburg.
June 29th. 71st Regiment (ist California Regiment), Col. Edward D. Baker,
arrived from New York and camped at Suffolk Park.
July 3d. 71st Regiment moved to Baltimore.
July 4th. The Home Guards paraded with the Gray Reserves.
July i6th. The 33d Regiment (4th Reserves) left Easton, Pa., for Baltimore.
July 2ist. 36th Regiment Infantry (7th Reserves) left VVest Chester for Wash-
ington.
July 22d. Intense excitement in the city, due to news of defeat of the Union
Army at Bull Run.
July 23d. Return of the 23d Regiment.
July 2Sth. Return of the 17th Regiment.
City Councils appropriated $100,000 for relief of soldiers' families.
July 29th. Return of the i8th, 21st and 22d Regiments.
347
July 30th. Return of the Scott Legion (20th Regiment) and Commonwealth
Artillery.
July 31st. Return of the igth Regiment (National Guards).
August 2d. Walter W. Smith, a Confederate prize master, confined, with his
crew, in Moyamensing Prison, was convicted of piracy. This led to
threat of retaliation by the Confederates upon Federal prisoners held in
Richmond.
August 3d. 29th Regiment left for Sandy Hook, Md.
August 14th. Return of First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry.
August 17th. The Zouaves d'Afrique, Capt. Charles H. T. CoUis, were sent for
duty at Fort Delaware.
August 22d. 6sth Regiment (3d Cavalry) left for Washington.
Office of the Christian Observer (disloyal) seized and closed by the U. S.
Marshal Milward, who also seized copies of the New York Daily News
arriving by train.
August 31st. The 2d Regiment escorted body of Gen. Lyon (killed at the Battle
of Wilson's Creek, Mo.) through the city.
September ist. Great activity by many concerns in manufacture of fire arms,
swords, cannon, baggage wagons, uniforms and other war material.
September l6th. 72d Regiment (Fire Zouaves) left for the front.
September 17th. Military parade in honor of the 74th anniversary day, adoption
of the Federal Constitution.
September 24th. The 73d Regiment left for Washington.
September 26th. 7Sth Regiment left for Washington.
September 27th. The 23d Regiment (Birney's Zouaves) left for Washington.
September 30th. The 98th Regiment left for Washington.
October ist. Confusion resulting from soldiers' vote in the camps.
October 4th. The 89th Regiment (8th Cavalry) left for the front.
October sth. The 88th Regiment left for Alexandria, Va.
October 12th. The 9Sth Regiment left for the South.
October 14th. Harlan's Light Cavalry (nth Cavalry) left for the South.
October 31st. The lo6th Regiment left for the South.
November 7th. The body of Col. E. D. Baker, commanding the 71st Regiment
(California Regiment), killed at Ball's Bluff, Va., was laid in state at
Independence Hall-
November isth. Launch of the U. S. S. Miami at Philadelphia Navy Yard, where
2,460 men were then employed.
December 4th. Spectacular parade of the 6th Cavalry Regiment, "Rush's Lancers."
December 6th. The 6th Cavalry, Rush's Lancers, with the s8th, 67th, 90th and
91st Regiments, were presented with colors by the State and the Society
of the Cincinnati.
December 7th. Magnificient silk flag, made by the crew of the U. S. S. Hartford
on voyage home from China, was presented to the city and raised upon
the staff above Independence Hall with an imposing demonstration.
Gunboat Itasca left the port.
Steamer Delaware, built at Wilmington, was bought by the Government.
Sloop of war Tuscarora sailed for New York to receive her guns.
December 8th. The "Soldiers' and Sailors' Relief Association of the Episcopal
Church" was formed.
December loth. Departure of a part of the 6th Cavalry (Rush's Lancers).
December 30th. Philadelphia banks suspended specie payment.
December 31st. The Volunteer Refreshment Committees reported having supplied
meals, since opening, to soldiers en route to or from the South aggregating
143.394-
The fateful old year was ended and the new year ushered m by the people of
Philadelphia with general patriotic observances in all parts of the city.
348
WAR CHRONOLOGY— 1862.
January ist. To this date the City Treasurer had paid to the families of soldiers
$336,612, and had spent for war munitions $138,506.36.
January 2d. The 67th Regiment was encamped at Camac's Woods.
January loth. The 113th Regiment, Col. Wm. Frishmuth, camped on Ridge avenue.
January 17th. It was stated that more than 10,000 women were employed by the
Schuylkill Arsenal authorities in making uniforms.
January 21st. The 91st Regiment left Camp Chase for Washington.
January 31st. U. S. S. St. Louis sailed for duty in Mediterranean Sea.
February 3d. Thirty-eight prisoners taken from Confederate privateers were re-
moved from Moyamensing Prison to Fort Lafayette.
February 3d. The 115th Regiment camped at Hestonville.
March 8th. The 58th Regiment left for Fortress Monroe.
March 20th. Sloop of war Juniata launched at the Navy Yard.
March 31st. The 90th Regiment (National Guard) left Philadelphia for Balti-
more.
April 17th. Steam engine and hose carriage of Hibernia Fire Company was sent
to Fortress Monroe accompanied by eight members.
April 2ist. Yearly meeting, Society of Friends, warned its members to refuse
military service or payment of taxes or other money intended for military
use upon penalty of expulsion.
April 23d. Lieut.-Col. W. Brooks, U. S. A., assumed military command of the
Department of Philadelphia.
May 1st. Corps of Philadelphia surgeons and nurses left for the Virginia peninsula
' to aid Federal sick and wounded soldiers of Pennsylvania.
May loth. 109th Regiment left for Washington.
Iron-clad New Ironsides was launched at yard of Cramp & Sons.
May 25th. Governor Curtin called upon the State militia to muster for active
service in the Federal army.
Exchanged prisoners from the "California Regiment" (Baker's 71st Regiment)
ordered to join their command.
June 2d. Hibernia Engine returned from Washington.
June 9th. The West Philadelphia U. S. Army Hospital was opened.
June loth. During the week several ships arrived with large numbers of sick and
wounded soldiers.
June 17th. Provost guard active searching for deserters and men absent from
their commands.
June i8th. Councils made first move to induce the Government to establish a
navy yard at League Island.
June 20th. Two monitor gunboats nearly completed by Reaney &_ Archbold at
Chester.
U. S. Hospital opened at Fourth and George Streets (American Mechanics'
Hall).
June 26th. New Municipal flag was raised at Independence Hall.
July 4th. Children of the public schools sent large quantities of ice cream to the
army hospitals.
July loth. U. S. S. Monongahela launched at the Navy Yard.
July 2ist. Under the President's call for 300,000 more troops, the Governor of
Pennsylvania fixed the quota of Philadelphia at 50 companies of 100 men
each.
July 26th. Councils appropriated ^500,000 for a bounty fund. For the same pur-
pose the Pennsylvania Railroad Company subscribed $50,000, Philadelphia
and Reading Railway Company $25,000 and private citizens gave $158,000.
This amount was largely increased within another month. Citizens had
also contributed to the U. S. Sanitary Commission $17,000. Members of
the Corn Exchange voted $10,000 toward equipping a regiment to be
known as the Corn Exchange Regiment.
349
July 28th. CoUis Zouaves (114th Regiment) camped at Germantown avenue and
Nicetown lane.
August sth. Corn Exchange Regiment in camp at Indian Queen Lane, Falls of
the Schuylkill.
August loth. Following the President's call for a conscription, many persons
were prevented by the provost troops from leaving the port of Philadel-
phia for other countries.
August 31st. ii8th (Corn Exchange) Regiment left for the front.
September ist. CoUis Zouaves (114th Regiment) left for Washington.
September 2d. The 68th, ii6th and 119th Regiments left for the South.
September 3d. Several hundred recruits for the old regiments left to join their
commands.
Children in public schools worked at picking lint.
September 4th. Twenty-five hundred sick and wounded soldiers arrived at Wash-
ington Street Wharf.
September sth. 121st Regiment went South.
September 6th. Estimate published showing that Philadelphia had furnished
31,400 soldiers to that date.
September 8th. Citizens' Bounty Fund, to date, $466,938.
Exchanges and business places closed at 3 P. M. Citizens drilling daily in
the streets.
Great recruiting camp established in Independence Square.
Many wounded and sick soldiers were placed, upon arrival, in down- town
churches near the Prime Street Station.
September loth. Intense excitement due to the advance toward Pennsylvania
of the Confederates.
A committee of two hundred and fifty leading citizens tendered a splendid
ovation to the 6th Massachusetts Regiment, which had re-enlisted and
was enroute South.,
September nth. Governor Curtin telegraphed to Philadelphia to send 20,000
emergency troops to Harrisburg.
September l2th. Mayor Henry called upon all citizens to meet at the precinct
houses in the twenty-five wards to organize for defence. This plan was
frustrated by a heavy rain. Many citizens organized, however, including
workmen in large establishments.
September 13th. Numerous trains of emergency men were sent to Harrisburg.
September 17th. Battle of Antietam.
Steam fire engine of the Hibernia Fire Company was taken to Washington
with seven men.
September 20th. Rejoicing over retreat of the enemy, and gloom because of
heavy losses in Philadelphia regiments, stirred the city.
October 6th. Capt. J. Orr Finnic became Provost Marshal.
October 8th. Flag presentation at Satterlee General Hospital, West Philadelphia.
October loth. Extraordinary activity in recruiting to avoid draft in the city.
October 14th. Alexander Henry the "War Mayor," was re-elected.
October 22d. Army hospital opened at Twentieth and Buttonwood streets.
October 24th. Independent Battery, Capt. E. Spencer Miller, ordered to Harris-
burg.
October 2Sth. Camp for conscripts established near Haddington, called "Camp
Philadelphia."
October 27th. Draft postponed one week.
November 2d. Draft commissioners reported the quota of Philadelphia filled
without a draft.
November 3d. Nearly 7,000 conscripts from eastern counties of the State as-
sembled at Camp Philadelphia, Haddington.
November isth. Hospital for officers completed at Camac's Woods.
November 20th. Total capacity of the military hospitals in the city 6,543 beds,
November 2Sth. Imposing funeral of Brig.-Gen. Francis E. Patterson.
3SO
November 27th. 174th, l7Sth and 176th Regiments left Camp Philadelphia for the
front. .
November 28th. Thanksgiving Day. Citizens provided excellent dinners at all
of the army hospitals.
December 3d. Companies A and B of the "Continental Cavalry" mustered m.
December 8th. U. S. S. Shenandoah launched at the Navy Yard.
December 9th. lS7th Regiment broke camp and embarked for garrison duty at
Fort Delaware.
Battalion of drafted men left Camp Philadelphia.
December 23d. First of the "Monitors" built at Wilmington arrived at the Navy
Yard.
December 2Sth. Christmas Day. Special dinners and entertainments at the army
hospitals.
CHRONOLOGY, 1863.
January ist. Report of City Treasurer showed that during 1862 the City had paid
for defence, $80,392.64; for bounties, $367,105.00, and for relief of soldiers'
families, $657,223.90.
January 2d. General rejoicing among colored people regarding the emancipation
of slaves.
January sth. Young ladies of the High School presented a flag to Col. Lyle's
regiment, 90th Pennsylvania Volunteers.
January 6th. Local receptions to Major-Gen. B. F. Butler and Major-Gen. George
B. McClellan.
January 14th. Mower U. S. General Hospital at Chestnut Hill was opened.
January 17th. Battery "A," Roberts Artillery Regiment, left camp at German-
town for Fortress Monroe.
January 19th. Launch of Monitor Lehigh at Chester, Pa.
Departure of Batteries "A" and "C," of Segebarth's Heavy Artillery, for
Fortress Monroe.
January 27th. Battalion of Provost Guard formed and barracked in Swanson
street.
January 29th. Philadelphia Evening Journal suppressed for seditious publications.
February 23d. The Provost Guard of 500 men paraded and were barracked at
the former hospital at Fifth and Buttonwood streets.
February 26th. Numbers of Confederates, having taken oath of allegiance, were
seeking work in the city.
March loth. A Union Freedman's Relief Association was organized by colored
residents.
March nth. Lieut-Col. Wm. D. Whipple, U. S. A,, assumed command of the
Department of Pennsylvania.
Young Men's Democratic Club, of which George M. Wharton was President,
bitterly assailed President Lincoln and advocated "State Rights." Mem-
bers generally wore, as badges, old copper pennies showing the head of
Liberty. Hence the term "Copperhead."
March 23d. A movement was commenced to send colored recruits to the Mas-
sachusetts colored brigade and to form a similar brigade in Pennsyl-
vania.
March 26th. A detachment of Connecticut cavalry arrived to perform patrol
duty in Philadelphia.
April 6th. A number of merchants were detected in shipping contraband goods
via Baltimore to the South, and an order was issued by the Provost
Marshal requiring all shippers sending goods south of New Castle, Dela-
ware, to take the oath of allegiance.
April Sth. "Union Leagues" were being formed in several of the wards in order
to stimulate loyal sentiment.
April 9th. Several leaders of a disloyal secret organization were brought to
the city from Bucks County for trial.
3SI
April loth. The First Troop, Philadelphia City Cavalry, was incorporated.
April 23d. Col. John F. Ballier of the 98th Regiment, who had been suspended,
was restored to the command of his regiment.
April 28th. Col. Charles F. Ruff, long acting as State mustering officer, was ap-
pointed State Provost Marshal.
April 30th. General observance of a National Fast Day.
May 1st. Disabled soldiers held a meeting to plan the establishment of an in-
valid brigade for provost and garrison duty.
May 4th. Brig.-Gen. Pleasanton, of the Home Guard, reported the expenditures
of the city for defences to date at $124,650.00.
All telegraphic service was placed, temporarily, under control of the military
authorities, creating much apprehension.
May. 7th. Gunboat Tacony was launched at the Navy Yard.
May gth. The Age, a new Democratic newspaper, located adjoining the post-
office, was threatened by soldiers and citizens for disloyal utterances.
May loth. Large numbers of rebel prisoners were guarded through the city
en route to Fort Delaware.
May I2th. Gunboat Wyalusing was launched by William Cramp & Sons.
May isth. U. S. Steamer Pontiac was launched by Birely, Hillman & Co.
May 24th. Many illuminations were shown in honor of the victories gained by
Gen. U. S. Grant in the southwest.
May 2Sth. Preparations were begun by Capt. Wm. E. Lehman, U. S. Provost
Marshal, at 245 South Third street, for a new draft.
June 3d. Splendid reception, by the German societies, of the 29th Regiment,
N. Y. volunteers, en route home. Six companies of this regiment were
recruited in Philadelphia.
June 9th. Twenty-four hundred rebel prisoners arrived, under Ohio guards,
from Vicksburg. The train upon which they arrived was said to have
been the longest that ever entered the city.
June 15th. The city was excited by the report that rebel cavalry had entered
Chambersburg, Pa. Governor Curtin once more summoned help to Harris-
burg. The President called for 100,000 volunteer militia to serve six
months.
June i6th. Governor Curtin called for militia to defend the State. An alarm
was sounded upon the bell of Independence Hall.
June 17th. Several regiments and independent companies of Philadelphia militia
and home guards were moved to Harrisburg.
June iSth. First Troop, P. C. Cavalry, entrained for Harrisburg. The New
York 7th Regiment passed through, followed soon afterward by other
New York and New Jersey regiments.
June 27th. Major-Gen. N. J. Dana, U. S. V., assumed command in Philadel-
phia.
June 29th. Proclamation by Mayor Henry, and great rally of citizens at In-
dependence Square.
Tune 30th. Two hundred ministers volunteered to work upon the city defences-
July 1st. Great demonstration in honor of Gov. Curtin in front of the Continental
Hotel. Led by a blind singer, the people sang the "Star Spangled Ban-
ner."
July 2d. The city greatly excited by conflicting rumors from the Cumberland
Valley.
July 3d. "Camp Rendezvous" established upon Islington Lane.
July 4th. The Bridesburg Guards, Lieut.-Col. Barton H. Jenks, paraded. Crowds
around newspaper offices awaiting news from Gettysburg. Conflicting
reports kept the multitude in a condition of constant excitement.
July Sth. Military bands paraded through the streets to stimulate enlistments.
Definite news received of the rebel defeat.
July 6th. Force of gas works employees at work upon a fort at School Lane
and Ridge road. Other forts under construction in West Philadelphia.
352
July 7th. The Union League celebrated the victory at Gettysburg by marching,
with Birgfeld's Band, to Independence Hall.
Great rejoicing over the retreat of the rebels from Pennsylvania.
The First Union League Regiment, Col. Wm. D. Whipple, presented with
colors and left for Camp Curtin.
July 9th. Second Keystone Battery, Capt. Edward Fitzki, left for Harrisburg.
July loth. Second Union League Regiment received colors and proceeded to
Camp Curtin.
Hospitals filled with wounded soldiers from Gettysburg.
July i2th. Trainloads of the wounded constantly arriving.
July 13th. Announcement of the beginning of the new draft in the city.
To this date from July ist the city had placed 10,683 emergency troops in
the field.
July 14th. The 34th and 46th Regiments, Pennsylvania Militia, and other troops
brought to the city in anticipation of draft riots.
July 20th. Major-Gen. George Cadwalader, U. S. V., detailed to command of
the military at Philadelphia.
Draft barracks established at Twenty-second and Wood streets.
July 27th. Reception of the Gray Reserves, Blue Reserves and 20th Regiment,
ninety-day militia, upon return from emergency service.
August 1st. Tenth N. J. Regiment Militia was encamped at Jefferson Square.
August 13th. Col. Tilghman's regiment, 3d U. S. Colored troops, left upon trans-
ports for Charleston Harbor.
August 14th. Capt. Hastings' Keystone Battery returned to the city.
August 22d. The 2d Keystone Battery returned home.
August 23d. First and 2d Union League Regiments and the Merchants' Regi-
ment returned.
August 2Sth. The 2d Coal Regiment, Col. Hopkinson, returned.
August 27th. Second Corn Exchange Regiment, Col. Alex. Murphy, returned.
August 29th. Payments to families of soldiers from the Volunteer Relief Fund
averaged, at this time, $3,500 per diem. Total paid out to date,
$1,443,707.68.
August 31st. Review of colored troops and flag presentation at Camp William
Penn.
September ist. Grand review at Camp Cadwalader.
September 3d. Battalion of five companies of sharp-shooters sent to Pottsville.
September loth. Return and muster out of the 3d Union League Regiment (S9th
Regiment, Pennsylvania ninety-day Militia).
September nth. The Dana Troop returned from service in Schuylkill County.
September 13th. Detachment of drafted men sent to the Ii8th Regiment, P. V.
September 21st. Battalion of U. S. Cavalry, composed of 280 Confederate
prisoners from Fort Delaware, paraded in Philadelphia and left for
Baltimore.
September 24th. Woodward's Independent Battery encamped at the U. S. Arsenal
upon Gray's Ferry Road.
September 28th. At a meeting of the Pennsylvania Historical Society plans were
discussed for establishing a memorial park at Gettysburg.
September 29th. U. S. Gunboat Kansas was launched at the Navy Yard.
October loth. Parade and mass meeting of "Wide Awake" Clubs, National
Union party.
October 12th. First anniversary celebration of the opening of Citizens' Volunteer
Hospital.
A number of ex-Confederates who had taken the oath of allegiance and
found employment in the city were arrested for attempted fraudulent
voting.
October 14th. Sixth U. S. Colored Regiment, Infantry, left Camp William Penn
for Portress Monroe.
October 17th. President Lincoln called for 300,000 volunteers to serve three years.
353
October 19th. The ist Pennsylvania Chasseurs, Col. Zell, three companies, re-
turned from service in the coal region.
October :85th. Deatli of Col. Chas. P. Dare, late of the 23d Regiment, Penn-
syh-ania, three months' sennce, from illness.
October 29th. The captured rebel ram Atlanta was placed on exhibition at
Washington Street Wharf for the benefit of the Union Volunteer Re-
freshment Saloon.
November 2d. The 19th Regiment, Cavalry, left Camp Stanton, paraded and
started for the front.
November Sth. A detachment of 260 drafted men, barracked at Twenty-second
and Wood streets, was sent South.
November uth. Fourth Union League Regiment encamped at Frankford.
November i,=;tli. United States Christian Commission began sending clothing,
medicine and otlier suppUes to tlie Union prisoners confined at Rich-
mond.
November 14th. The 9th Regiment, Invalid Corps, Col. G. W. Gile, was sent to
W^ad»it^:ton.
Many Philadelphia men going to New Jersey to enlist, attracted by larger
bounties. The Philadelphia bounty at this time was $250, national bounty
in addition $402.
November 19th. Dedication of the Soldiers' Cemetery at Gettysburg.
December 5th, Councils appropriated $1,000,000 for bounties.
December j^d. The 29th Regiment, P. V., Col. Wm. Rickards, Jr., returned on
furlough. This was the first of the three years' regiments to arrive
home.
December 25th. Special celebrations and dinners at all of the military hospitals.
December 29th. School for the instruction of proposed officers of colored regi-
ments opened at 1210 Chestnut street
CHRONOLOGY, 1864.
January- ist. It was announced that the quota of Philadelphia had been filled
and bounties for enlistments were discontinued,
Januarj- Sth. The 91st Regiment arrived home.
JanuarjT loth. The 28th Regiment returned.
Januarj' 14th. A portion of the 31st Regiment (2d Reser\-es") returned.
January lotli. The re-enhsted men of the 95th R^ment (Gosline's Zouaves)
paraded.
Januan.' 17th. The Sth Regiment, U. S. Colored Troops, departed for the front.
January 24th. The 75th Regiment arrived.
January :j6th. The 7^d Regiment returned.
January :?oih. Gen. Gantt, late of the Confederate army, appeared at the Academy
of Music in behalf of the Union men of the South.
Febmarv 3d. The 9Sth Regiment arrived.
February 5th. The 89th Regiment (Sth Cavalry) arrived.
February 9th. Numerous regiments of New York State and New England passed
through the dty homeward bound.
February loth. The 22d Regiment. U.S. Colored Troops, left for the Soutli.
February 12th. The 99th Regiment arrived.
The ^ith Regiment returned,
Febmarv 22i. Washington's Birthday parade of all the troops in the city,
Februan. 23d. The iS3d Regiment (4ih Union League Regiment) left for the
front.
February 29th. The 29th Regiment re-enUsted and was sent to Chester bar-
racte.
Delaware slave owners applied for the botmties of slaves enlisted in Philadel-
phia.
March 2d. Twelve hundred Confederate prisoners en route to Fort Delaware
were fed at the refreslunent saloons.
354
March 3d. The "southern guerilla chief, Basil Duke, a prisoner, was lodged at
the Continental Hotel and cheered by disloyal citizens.
March 7th. The 69th Regiment returned.
March loth. The 113th Regiment (12th Cavalry Regiment) returned.
March 13th. The 56th Regiment returned.
March isth. The President ordered a new draft for 200,000 men for April 15th.
Philadelphia's quota for the drafts of February and April, 1864, was
estimated at 17,500 men.
March i8th. Many of the schools were busy raising money for the proposed
Sanitary Fair.
The Naval Committee visited League Island.
March igth. Launch of the U. S. S. Yantic at the Navy Yard.
March 22d. Lieut.-Gen. U. S. Grant and staff were at the Continental Hotel.
March 30th. The gptb Regiment (re-enlisted) left for the front.
April isth. The 69th Regiment (re-enlisted) left for Chester barracks.
May 3d. The i88th Regiment being organized from surplus volunteers of the
3d Regiment, Artillery.
May I2th. Parade of colored troops from Camp William Penn.
May i8th. Governor Curtin called for the formation of militia regiments in Penn-
sylvania, subject to call for 100 days' service as U. S. Volunteers.
May 2ist. The old Washington Guard being reorganized by Col. Wm. F. Small
as the 6oth Regiment, P. M.
May 31st. Arrival of the 27th Regiment.
June 7th. The 1st, 2d and 7th Reserves were welcomed home with special honors.
The Sanitary Fair opened in Logan Square.
June i6th. The 7th Reserves returned-
June 17th. President Lincoln visited the Sanitary Fair.
The 71st Regiment arrived home, being accorded many honors.
June 2Sth. Close of the Sanitary Fair.
July 1st. The 58th Regiment returned on furlough. The re-enlisted men num-
bered 243.
July 4th. Salutes by Philadelphia Union Artillery at Nineteenth and Callowhill
streets, by Gray Reserves at the Navy Yard, by warships in port. Parade
of sailors and marines. Review and fireworks at Camp William Penn.
Flag-raising by the "Houser Cadets" in the First Ward. Receptions at
the National Union and Union League Clubs.
July loth. Proclamation by Governor Andrew G. Curtin calling for emergency
volunteers was posted on the streets and read from pulpits of all churches.
July nth. Battalions of the 43d and 45th Regiments, U. S. Infantry, colored
troops, left for the front.
July I2th. Confederate raiders cut off train and telegraphic service between
Philadelphia and Baltimore. Great activity at armories. A field battery
of marines and volunteers rushed to Havre de Grace.
July l8th. Arrival of the psth Regiment.
July 19th. Stroud's Independent Company of Cavalry (Railroad Troops) left
for the South.
July 23d. The I92d Regiment (Custom House troops) left for Baltimore.
July 28th. Departure of the 196th Regiment (National Guards) for Baltimore
and Chicago.
July 29th. The 197th Regiment (3d Coal Regiment) left for Rock Island, 111.
August 1st. Reports of the burning of Chambersburg by the Confederate cavalry
aroused the city to greater activity in projects for defence.
August 4th. A day of national humiliation and prayer.
August 5th. The Keystone Battery left for Huntingdon County, Pa.
August I2th. The 72d Regiment (Baxter's Fire Zouaves) was welcomed home
with a great demonstration of troops and firemen.
August 20th. The 3d Cavalry (6oth Regiment) returned, being escorted by mili-
tary in an extended parade.
355
August 22d. The s8th (veteran) Regiment returned, under re-enlistment, to the
front.
August 2Sth. The arrival of the 23d Regiment was attended by another great
reception by the firemen and citizens.
August 29th. Return of the io6th Regiment. The escort included the Baxter
Fire Zouaves, the Henry Guards and other local troops.
September 6th. Arrival of the 82d Regiment Reception postponed to following
day.
September 7th. Three Philadelphia companies of the 6ist Regiment arrived
home.
September i8th. Departure of the igSth Regiment (6th Union League Regiment)
and of Stroud's Troop (Railroad Cavalry), the latter going to Easton, Pa.
September 21st. Departure of the 203d Regiment
September 28th. The 127th U. S. (colored) Regiment left from Camp William
Penn.
September 30th. The 199th Regiment left for the front.
October 7th. Hastings' Keystone Battery returned.
October 13th. The 47th U. S. (colored) Regiment left Camp Cadwalader.
October 17th. Launch of U. S. S. Chattanooga at Cramp's Ship Yard.
October 21st. Mihtary funeral of Gen. David B. Birney.
October 30th. The I92d Regiment (the Custom House Regiment) arrived.
November ist. It was announced that Philadelphia had filled the quota under
the July call for troops without a draft.
November sth. The 196th Regiment left for duty at Fort Delaware.
A provisional Brigade from the Army of the Potomac, consisting of the
93d, 104th, 119th and 138th Pennsylvania Infantry, of the Sixth Corps,
were encamped in Philadelphia to prevent Copperhead riots during the
national election.
A large number of bounty-jumpers marched, in irons, through the streets and
were sent to the army.
November 6th. Great factional disorder preceding the national elections.
November i6th. Fireworks display at the Union League.
November 17th. Many furloughed soldiers returned to their commands.
November 22d. General U. S. Grant visited Philadelphia.
November 24th. Thanksgiving festivities and patriotic services in the churches.
November 28th. Recruiting started for the "2d Fire Zouave Regiment."
November 30th. A portion of the 90th Regiment returned.
December 6th.. A large number of parolled soldiers from southern prison pens
arrived, many in a dying condition.
December 7th. Headquarters Military Department of Pennsylvania removed to
Philadelphia.
The colored population celebrated the end of slavery in Marjrland.
December 13th. Philadelphia merchants gave a banquet to Captain J. A. Wins-
low, U. S. N., commander of the Kearsarge.
December isth. City bounties stopped. Total of bounties paid by City Treasurer
to date $6,796,600.
December 25th. Christmas dinners provided at the military hospitals to about
12,000 men through donation of the "Mrs. M. G. Egbert Fund."
CHRONOLOGY— 1865.
January ist. Donation dinners were provided at all of the military hospitals.
January loth. A meeting of citizens was convened in behalf of the suffering poor
of Savannah, Ga.
January i8th. The Keystone Battery celebrated the capture of Fort Fisher with
one hundred guns.
January 20th. A delegation of working women employed in connection with
work at the Schuylkill Arsenal visited President Lincoln to protest against
the contract system.
356
January 24th. The Officers' Hospital was moved from Camac's Woods to a
brick building at Twenty-fourth and Chestnut streets.
February i8th. At a meeting of the Corn Exchange it was decided to raise a
"Birney Brigade" of three infantry regiments.
February 19th. News received that Charleston, S. C, had been evacuated by
the Confederate forces.
February 23d. A draft was commenced in the Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth,
Seventh, Eighth, Ninth and Tenth Wards.
March nth. The 213th Regiment broke camp and started southward.
March 23d. A mass meeting was held at the Academy of Music to promote
assistance to deserters from the rebel army.
March 30th. The University Light Artillery was organized by the literary de-
partment of the University of Pennsylvania.
April 1st. The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, Twenty-first, Twenty-second and Twenty-
fourth Wards had raised their quota of troops under the pending requisi-
tion. The balance of the city was still short 3,580 men.
April 3d. General rejoicing, parades and illuminations upon receipt of news
that Richmond had fallen.
April 4th. The Union League marched to Independence Hall and held a patriotic
demonstration.
April 8th. The 214th Regiment, P. V., departed for the South.
April loth. Dispatches announcing the surrender of General Lee's army resulted
in great rejoicing through the city.
April isth. The announcement of the murder of President Lincoln the previous
evening, at Washington, resulted in scenes of wild excitement.
April 22d. The body of the late President was escorted to Independence Hall
by an imposing military and civic procession.
April 24th. The remains of Mr. Lincoln were taken to New York City.
April 26th. The 2isth Regiment (gth Union League Regiment) left for the South.
This was the last organization of volunteers to go out from Philadel-
phia.
May 2d. The 24th Regiment (colored troops) left for southern service.
May 3d. Lieut.-Gen. U. S. Grant and family moved into the residence upon
Chestnut street which had been presented to them by citizens.
May 14th. The Union League opened its new club house upon Broad street.
May i6th. The Pennsylvania Home for Invalid Soldiers and Sailors was in-
augurated at the Academy of Music.
May 2ist.,The 114th Regiment (Collis Zouaves) arrived home.
June loth. Grand review of the returning veterans, in a heavy rain.
June 24th. Reception to Gen. U. S. Grant at the Union League.
Note. — By July ist nearly all of the Philadelphia regiments had returned to
the city. The records of their dates of arrival are so conflicting that they cannot
now be definitely ascertained. The gsth Regiment reached home on July 19th and
the 75th on September 12th. At the end of 1865 the only Pennsylvania regiments
still in the service were the s8th, igsth and 214th Infantry, the 2d Artillery and
one battalion of the 19th Cavalry.
ERRATA
The second paragraph, page 224, should read:
"In the course of the first year of the war, before the hospital service became
efficient, the general mortality in the army was 1.72 per cent, from battle casualties
and S.04 per cent, from disease. In the Atlantic Division, Army Medical Depart-
ment, the mortality from disease was 3.34 per cent., and in the Central Division
8.21 per cent."
QEINBRAU IINDEX
The names of Philadelphia officers below the rank of captain who died in
the service are included in the list upon pages 280 to 291.
Adams, H. A., 200.
Addis, Isaac, 341.
Agnew, D. Hayes, 227, 232.
Ahl, Thos. J., 57. 58, 59-
Airey, Washington, 289.
Alden, Chas. H., 228.
Allen, Harrison, 200, 228.
Allen, Wm. W., 341-
Ames, John W., i8g, 190.
Anderson, Tas. L., 150, 2B7.
Anderson, wm., 294,
Angeroth, Chas., Sr., 150, 157.
Angeroth, Chas., 27, 54.
Armor, Wm. C, 294.
Ashbrook, Joseph, 294.
Asher, Jere. W., igo, 266, 291.
Ashton, F. M., 200.
Ashurst, R. L., 294.
Averill Wm. W., 157.
Ayres, Peter B., 294.
Bailey, Wm., 169.
Baird, Geo. W., 193.
Baker, E. D., 85, 86, 87, 89, 91,
113, 283.
Baldwin L. K., 232.
Ballier, John F., 36, Ji6, 293, 340.
Banes, Chas. H., 295.
Bankson, John P., 340.
Barnes, J. K., 292.
Barrett, John, 79, 282.
Barry, David S., 341.
Bassett, I. C, 51, 104. 293.
Bavington, John, 40.
Baxter, DeWitt C, 86, 91, 92,
293, 340-
Beale, Joseph, 200.
Beath, Robert B., 190, 326, 328.
330-
Beamish, J. W., 286.
Belsterling, J. J., 106, 283.
Benson, Edwin N., 22.
Benson, R. Dale, 258, 295, 340.
Betts, Chas. M., 177, 178, 335-
Bewley, Chas. H., 79-
Bickley, L. W., 235.
Bickell, J. M., 40.
Biddle, Alex., 135.
Biddle, Chapman, 23, 135.
Biddle, Craig, 17.
Biddle, H. J., 2t, 65, 291.
Biddle, Mark G., 40-
Biles, Edwin R., 118, 119, 34r.
Binney, Horace, 295.
Birney, D. B., 21, 49, 122, 123,
29Z, 292.
Bingham, H. H., 333-
Bishop, D. B., 49-
Blake, Geo. A. H., 22, 292.
Blakiston, Jos. B., 24.
Blakeley, Theo., 281.
Blanchard, Wm., 22.
Bodine, Robt. L., 32, 53. 293-
Bohlen, W. H. C, 98. 99. 100,
292, 293.
Bolinger, H. C, 72.
Boiling, Robt., 235.
Bonnaffon, S., Jr., 119, 295, 335,
340.
Borthwick, D., 200.
Bosbyshell, O. C, 340.
Bournonville, A. C, 229.
Bowen, E. R., 123.
Bowen, Geo. K., 145, 272, 273.
Bowman, Wendell P., 340.
Brady, Eugene, 288.
Brady, James, 147, 293, 341.
Brainerd, Thos., 266.
Breed, Wm. M., 229.
Breel, H. C, 290.
Bregy, F. Amadee, 341.
Breitenbach, J. R., 293.
Breuckner, Aug., 284.
Brightly, Chas. H., 291.
Briner, Wm., 69.
Brinton, Robt. M., 293, 340.
Brinton, Joseph P., 133, 156, 295.
Brisbin, Jas. S., 293.
Briscoe, J. C, 145, 146, 271, 272,
294.
Brooke, John R., 293, 323.
Brooke, Wm. R., 295.
Brown, T. D., 282.
Brown, Wm. R., 290.
Brown, Orlando, 192.
Bryan, T. M., jr., 180.
Buchanan, J. A., 227, 232.
Burns, W. W.. 89, 91, 93.
Burnett, Robt. L., 22.
Buschbeck, A., 54, 96.
Cadwalader, Chas. E., 24.
Cadwalader, C. G., 341.
Cadwalader, George, 31, 43, 196,
292, 323.
Cadwalader, C. N., 293.
Camac, Wm. M., 228.
Calhoun, A. R., 326.
Cameron, Wm. H., 22S.
Campbell, Alex., 290.
Campbell, Chas. T., 147, 293.
Campbell, John, 224.
Campbell, Thos. 'E., 248.
Campbell, David, 160.
Cantador, L., 34.
Carpenter, John C, 82, 83.
Carpenter, J. E., 295.
Carroll, Edw'd, J14, 286.
Carroll, Jas. G., 113, 286.
Carson, E. F., 200.
Cash, John C, 200.
Casner, John F., 293.
Cassells, John, 295.
Cavada, F. F., 125, 293.
Chadwick, Peter E., 341-
Chamberlin, Thos., 139.
Chandler, Jos. S., 125. 287.
Chantry, A. W., 81.
Chapman, T. D. G., 286.
Chapman, John C, 72.
Chauncey, Chas., 24.
Chew, W. Wesley, 341-
Chorman, E. G., 163.
Clancy, Jas. T., 240, 230.
357
Clark, Chas. P., 295.
Clark, Gideon, 133, 294, 295.
Clark, J. Ross, 341.
Clay, Cecil, 77. 78) 294-
Cleeman, R. A., 227, 228.
Cline, John, 288.
Cochrane, Geo., 200.
Collis, Chas. H. T., 124, 293, 335.
Colwell, Jas., 295.
Connor, Eli T., 102.
Cooke, Jay, 220, 221, 223.
Copjiee, Henry, 6s.
Corrie, Wm. A., 165.
Corson, Robt., 208, 224.
Cosslett, Chas., 129, 295, 341.
Craig, Joseph R., 328, 330.
Couch, Darius N., 43.
Crawford, S. Wylie, 66, 292.
Cresson, C. C, 96, 97.
Cromley, Geo., 288.
Crosby, John W-, 79, 80, 282, 295.
Crowther, Jas. D., 122, 293.
Cummings, A. B., 200.
Cunningham, A. J., 126, 287.
Cunningham, O. C, 275.
Curry, Wm. L., 93, 95, 287.
Curtis, C. B., 77.
Curtis, Geo. R., 288.
DaCosta, J. A., 228.
Dahlgren, John A., 200, 291, 320.
Dahlgren, Ulric, 291, 321.
Dale, R. C, 129, 288, 292.
Dare, Chas. P., 32, 37, 40, 43, 49.
Darrach, J., 228.
Davis, Chas. B., 283,
Davis, G. H., 326.
Davis, Jacob M., no, 341.
Davis, Richard W., 288.
Davis, Wm., 87, 88.
Dawson, Wm. M-, 79.
Dechert, Rob't P., 295, 340.
Deck, Geo. H., 232.
De Korpenay, G., 57.
Delph, John H., 104, 285.
Denney, John P., 341.
Dixon, W. C, 232.
Donaldson, F. A., 130, 341.
Dorr, W. W., 289.
Doyle, John T., 275.
Draper, J. W., 229.
Donnelly, V. P., 79-
Doubleday, U., 194.
Duffy, Michael, 283.
Duke, Chas. W., 109.
Durang, John T., 341.
Dutton, Jas., 295.
Dull, Wm. H., 283.
Dungan, F. J., 282.
Dunglinson, R. J., 229.
Dunne, John P., 127.
Eakin, C. M., 18, ig, 218, 219.
Eddy, H. M., 287.
Edgerton, N. H., 336.
Egbert, H. C. 24.
Egbert, Geo. T., 141, 240.
358
Egbert, Horace P., 142.
Eggleton, H., 228.
Einstein, Max, 20, 54,
Ellet, Chas. M., Jr., 259, 290.
Ellet, Chas. R., 260, 290.
Ellis, Richard, 68.
Elliott, F. A., 68, 125, 287.
Elliott, Thos. H., 291.
Ellmaker, P. C, 18, 19, 133.
Ely, John, 49, 50, 294.
Engle, A. H., 22, 291.
Eyre, Geo. W., 283.
Fair, Chas., 137, 375.
Fassitt, John B., 335.
Fagan, L. E., 22.
Fagan, Maurice £., 295.
Faust, H. B., 28s.
Febiger, J. C, 200.
Fell, J. G., 241.
Felton, Sam'l M., 44.
Ferguson, A. C, 341.
Field, Joshua R., 330.
Finnie, J. On, 43, 270.
Fisher, C. R., 291.
Fitzki, Edw'd, 251.
Fletcher, J. B., 281.
Franklin, Wm. B., 292.
Frick, Wm. E., 282.
Frink, H. A., 43, 294.
Frink, West, 29s-
Fribley, Chas. W., 291.
Friedman, Max, 160.
Frishmuth, Wm., 170, 187.
Frishmuth, B., 251.
Fritz, Peter, 118, 340.
Fritz, Peter, Jr., 294.
Fritz, Jere. W., 23, 219.
Fry, Wm. H., 179, 295.
Flynn, John J., 57, 59.
Foering, John O., 295.
Foggo, Wm. G., 233.
Forney, Jas., 200. '
Forbes, W. S., 229.
Ford, Edw*d L., 134, 289, 293.
Forsyth, J, McQ., 200.
Fortescue, L. R., 333.
Foust, B. F., 107, 294.
Franklin, Wm. B., 292.
Frost, M. C, 287.
Fuller, John W., 191.
Fulmer, M., 83.
Fumess, Frank, 333.
Furness, Wm. E., 24.
Funk, Milton, 287.
Furey, Thos. 341.
Gallagher, T. F.. 294.
Gallagher, Jas. A., 172.
Gallagher, John C, 282.
Garvin, Benj. F., 200.
Gaskill, Wm. P., 146.
Geary, John W., 57.
Geary, E. R., 39.
Gibson, A. A., 130, 131.
Gilbert, Chas. C, 294.
Gile, Geo. W., 106, 236, 294,
Gilpin, W. H., 349.
Giltinan, H. J., 284.
Givin, Jasy 130, 293.
Givin, S. Irvin, 145, 326.
Givin, Alex. W., 293.
Glading, N. P., 341.
Glenn, J. F., 49, 30.
Glenn, E. A., 272, 290, 293.
Goddard, Paul B., 228.
Goddard, Kingston, Jr., 228.
Godon, S. W., 200.
Gonigle, Chas. W., 284.
Goodman, Sam*l, 295.
Goodman, Wm. E., 293, 335.
Gordon, David, 293.
Gorgas, Albert C, 200.
Gorgas, John A., 241, 274, 341.
Gosline, John M., 113, 286.
Gramlich, C. F., 330.
Gray, Wm. A., 36, 251.
Gray, Wm. C, 293.
Graeff, John T., 41, 291.
Green, John P., 238.
Greene, John A., 341.
Greene, Chas. S., 79.
Greenleaf, C. H., 234, 233.
Gregg, D. McM., 163, 323.
Gregg, John G., 143.
Gregg, J. Irvin, 179.
Gregory, E. M., iii, 293.
Grier, Wm. P., 224.
Grier, Jas. B., 285.
Gries, John M., 24, 286.
Griffith, David A., 107.
Griffith, Orlando B., 295.
Grubb, E. Burd, 341.
Haines, Aguilla, 219.
Hailstock, Chas. A., 341.
Haldeman, C. S., 196.
Hale, Reuben C, 17.
Hall, Elisha, 114, 286.
Hall, Thos. M., 133, 289.
Hall, JosMih W., 40, 174.
Halpin, Geo., 288.
Hammell, R. W., 251.
Hand, Chas. H., 293.
Hamersly, G. W., 293.
Hardin, M. D.
Harlan, Josiah, 169.
Harlow, X. D., 229.
Harper, John, 113, 295.
Harris, E. M., 22.
Harrison, H. N., 174.
Hartley, Jas., 296.
Harvey, Elisha B., 72.
Harvey, E. J., 281.
Harvey, Jas., 283.
Hassinger, D. S., 296.
Hastings, Matthew, 40, 273, 279.
Haslett, John R., 278.
Haskell, X. F., 193.
Haupt, Herman, 46, 293.
Hawkins, Geo. W., 286.
Hawksworth, Thos., 83, 282.
Hays, Alex., 293.
Hayes, I. I., 231.
Heams, Geo. A., 188.
Heenan, Dennis, 128.
Heintzelman, S. P., 292,
Henry, James, 229.
Henrj', John C, 289.
Hemng, Chas. P., 294, 341.
Hess, Henry, 284.
Hess, Jos. P., 181.
Hesser, Theo., 92, 283.
Hesset, Theo., 92, 283.
Hewes, H. W., 341-
Hibbard, V. P., 229.
Hill, Wm. H., 29s.
Hillner, H., 232.
Hindmarsh, H. E., 293.
Hoburg, G^ 98.
Hodgson, C. M., 134, 289.
Hoff, Henry K., 200.
Hofmann, J. Wm., 73, 76, 294,
340.
Hoguet, F., 341.
Holder, Chas., 229.
Hopkinson, O., 246, 230.
Houder, J., 285.
Hough, A. L., 22.
Houpt, Wm. X, 288.
Howell, X, 275.
Howell, H. S., 109, 266, 285.
Howell, J. C, 200.
Hoyt, H. F., 341.
Hubbs, Wm. B., J13, 286.
Huey, Pennock, 113, 163.
Huffington, Thos. E., 341.
Hughes, Robt. B., 293.
Huidekoper, H. S., 138, 335-
Humes, Geo. C, 134, 289.
Humphreys, A. A., 43, 292.
Hutt, John H., 290.
Iddings, C. E., 232.
Ide, Chas. K., 341.
Irwin, Wm. H., 294.
Ivers, Albert, 296.
Jack, John T., 76.
Jacobus, Peter H., 341.
James, Thos. C, 38, 167, 286.
Tames, Henry, 229.
Jarden, John S., 287,
Jeffries, R. M., 288.
Jenks, Barton H., 246.
Jones, D. D„ 296.
Jones, David M., 122.
Jones, Geo. W., 138, 139.
Jones, Edw'd S., 137.
Jones, J. Richter.
Jones, Sutton, 2S4.
Jordan, Thos. J., 167.
Kane, Patrick, 173.
Kane, Thos. X, 293.
Keating, W. V., 228.
Kelly, Thos., 283.
Kenderdine, R. S., 224, 225, 231.
Keenan, Peter, 166, 283.
Keen, W. W., 228, 229.
Keil, Henry, 288.
Kennard, John T., 341.
Kern, Mark, 147, 148, 281.
Keyser, Jas. D., 341.
Kiddoo, Jos. B., 191.
Kimball, J. W., 296.
Kirwin, Michad, 172.
Kleinz, Christopher, 161.
Kline, John, 173.
Knap, Jos. M., 134.
Knight, Wm. H., 296.
Knight, Chas. C, 341.
Knorr, M. J., 228.
Kneass, C. L., 22, 291.
Kneass, N. B.. 218.
Kochersperger, C, 90.
Koch, Thos. ]., 108, 283.
Kohler, Jacob, 171.
Kohler, John B., 286.
Knowles, O. B., 294.
KoUock, John W., 341.
Koltes, John A., 96, 2S4.
Koons, Fred'k, 341.
Kuhn, J. H., 21, 280.
Ladner, Louis J., 341.
Lambert, Wm. H., 296.
Lambdin, J. H., 296.
Lancaster, F. A., 126, 287.
Lane, D. M., 43.
Landell, E. A., 296, 341.
359
Landis, H. D., 230, 24S.
Lardner, Jas. L,., ig6, 200.
Latta, James W., 18, 396, 336,
328, 341.
Latfa, Wm. J., aSs.
Lauber, M. L., 235.
Laudensla^er, j., 341,
Lavalette, E. A. F., 200.
Laws, Peter F., 281.
Laycock, H. A., 75, y6.
Leavitt, L., 227.
Le Conte, J. L., 224.
Lee, Horace M., 102, 284.
Lee, Robt M., Jr., 284.
Leech, Wm. A., 294, 341.
Lehman, D. J., 108, 285.
Lehman, W. E., 43.
Ledig, Aug., 99, 100.
Leib, Frank, 129.
Leibfried, Jacob, 96, 284.
Leidy, Jos., 232.
Leidy, Asher S., 118, 119.
Leiper, Chas. L., 162.
Lenhart, Jacob, 70.
Lennard, J. M., 24.
Lentz, David H., 296.
Letterman, J., 224.
Lewis, Sam'l N., 341.
Lewis, Sam*! N., 341.
Lewis, Wm. D., Jr., 32, 35, 36,
122.
Lewis, R. J., 227.
Lewis, Enoch E., 122,
Linn, D. F., 281.
Livingston, John, 200.
Loud, Edw'd D. C, 340.
Lovett, Geo. C, 289.
Lujeane, R., xi8.
Lyie, David M., 238.
Lyle, Peter, 31, 32, 36, 108, no,
340.
Lyman, Jonas W., 274.
Lynch, Aug. T., 141, 142.
Lynch, Jas. C, 141, 240.
Lynch, Jas. B., 294.
McAIoon, P. A., 56, 280.
McBride, A., 284.
McCall, George A., 65.
McCalla, T. H., 114, 296.
McCandless, Wm., 67, 68.
McCauley, Edw'd Y., 200.
McCawley, Chas. G., 200.
McClellan, George B., 46, 196,
235, 292.
McClellan, J. H. B., 235.
McCIuney, W. J., 200.
McClure, Wm. M., 150, 151.
McCook, H. C, 341.
McCormick, C. C, 294.
McCuUough, J. F., 141, 240, 292.
McEwen, Chas. J., 290,
McEwan, H. D., 200.
McGovern, John, 341.
Mcintosh, John B., 157.
McIIvaine, H. C, 200.
McKean, Wm., 200.
McKeen, H/ Boyd, 102, 284.
McKibbin, D. B., 241, 274, 292.
McLean, C. R., 235.
McLean, Jos. A., 292.
McLean, Geo. P., 106, 141, 240,
251.
McLeam, Geo. W., 282.
McMichael, Wm., 17, 340-
McMurtrie, D., 232, 294.
Magilton, A. L., 71.
Maginniss, Thos. H., 340.
Mahler, Francis, 99, 284.
Mann, Wm. B., 67, 248.
March, Robt. G., 71.
Marchant, H. A., 280.
Markoe, John, 294.
Marston, John, aoo.
Martin, J. P., 341.
Martin, S. H., 336.
Martin, Thos. S., 280.
Martino, C, 72.
Matlack, W. H., 232.
Maxwell, John, 340.
Mead, Jas. P., 296.
Meade, Geo., 296.
Meade, George G., 65, 66, 69,
73, 292.
Mears, J. E., 341.
Mehler, Adolph, u6.
Meigs, M. C^, 292.
Melville, Geo. W., 200, 323.
Mercer, John D., 134, 288.
Merchant, Clarke, 200.
Meredith, S. A., 73, 293.
Merrill, Lewis, 294.
Merrick, Geo. W., 144.
Middleton, G., 183.
Mlotowski, S., 154.
Miller, E. S., 40, 249.
Miller, Jas., 102, 292.
Mindil, G. W., 79, 293, 336.
Mitchell, Jas. H., 296.
Mitchell, R. W., 296.
Mitchell, S. B. Wylie, 296, 323,
341.
Mitchell, S. Weir, 24, 228, 229.
Moeller, H. C, 290.
Moffitt, S. G., 53.
Monroe, R. S., 287,
Montgomery, J. E^ 38.
Montgomery, W. R., 43.
Moore, Wm., 96.
Moore, John W., 273, 290.
Morehead, T. G., 30, 32, 86, 93,
294.
Morehouse, G. R., 229.
Morris, G. C, 341.
Morris, Robt., Jr., 21, 163, 283.
Morris, Thos., 296.
Morrison, Jas. F., 326.
Morrow, A. J., 296.
Morton, T. G., 229.
Morton, Jas. St. C, 294.
Moss, Jos. Ly 171.
Moss, Wm. C., 289,
Muehleck, G. A., 96,
Muirheid, H. P., 340.
Muldoon, Jas., 341.
Mullen, D., 341.
Mulholland, St. Ciair A., 128,
129, 293, 328, 336.
Murphy, AJex., 219, 250.
Murphy, John K., 61 294.
Murray, John B., 271, 272.
Murray, Robt., 224.
Myers, H. R., 106.
Myers, Wilbur F., 285.
Naglee, H. M., 293.
Nebiger, Andrew, 211, 225.
Neff, Harmanus, 240, 278, 340.
Neiler, Jas. R., 296.
Neilson, H. B., 169, 287.
Neilson, Gavin, 41.
Neill, Thos. H., 49, S", 293'
Newhall, W. S., 158, 159, 282.
Newhall, Fred'k C, 296.
Newkumet, John, 218, 247.
Newlin, A. S., agS.
Nicholas, Alex. F., 333,
Nicholson, John P., 255, 237,
296, 323.
Norris, A. Wilson, 326, 340.
Norris, E. C, 283.
Northrop, B. T., 296.
Norton, Wm. A., a^.
Nowlen, G., 128, 129, 288, 296.
O'Brien, John T., 296.
O'Callaghan, C. M., 341.
O'Neill, Henry, 296.
O'Kane, Dennis, 87, 282.
Orr, Robt. L., 79, 296, 336.
Osbom, Geo. B., 76.
Owen, Joshua T., 38, 86, 87, 93,
293-
Packard, J. H., 229.
Packer, Edw'd E., 341.
Palmer, Wm. J., 46, 175, 177,
294, m6.
Palmer, Edwm, 43.
Pancoast, Wm. H., 228.
Pardee, Ario,_Jr., 137.
Parke, John G., 292.
Parsons, Theo. H., in.
Parsons, John E., 143, 144.
Parsons, Thos. H., ^5.
Patrick, John, 81.
Patton, R. S., 219.
Patterson, Robt., 31, 32, 34, 292.
Patterson, F. I., 32.
Paul, H. M., 2cfe.
Pauling, John D., 282.
Peck, Henry J., 341.
Peltz, Sam'l H., 200.
Pennypacker, Galusha, 293.
Pendergrast, G. J., 200.
Perry, M. S., 232.
Pleasonton, A, X, 40, 156, 217.
Pierce, Lewis D., 170.
Pleis, Ferd. M., 287.
Pomeroy, A. A., 290.
Porter, Andrew, 293,
Porter, David B., 200.
Porter, Fitz John, 32, 44, 81,
165.
Potter, C. H., 294.
Potter, H. C, 341.
Prenot, L. F., 296.
Pressner, H., 40.
Preston, J. E., 333.
Prevost, Chas. M., 130, 294, 341.
Price, R. Butler, 155.
Ralston, L. W., 120.
Ramsey, Jos. F., 143.
Randall, Edmund, 341.
Randall, Sam'l J., 249.
Randolph, W. F., 22.
Read, Geo. C, 200.
Reed, Abner, 200.
Reeder, Frank, 181.
Reen, Chas., 116, 117.
Reichard, F. H., 78.
Reno, Marcus A., 170, 294.
Reno, J. I., 229, 292.
Reynolds, John F., 63, 66, 67.
Rhinehart, C, 341.
Rhoads, Geo. B., 285.
Rich, Wm. F., 248.
Rickards, Wm. D., 61, 62, 63, 64.
Ricketts, J. W., 288.
Riedt, Aug., 56.
36o
Ripl>ey, O. H., 79, 291.
Robinson, Lewis W., aoo.
Roberts, Joseph, 152.
Roberts, J. W. P., 296.
Robertson, Jas. P., 200.
Robertson, A. McI., 220.'
Robinson, John R., 179.
Rodenbough, T. F., 180.
Rodgers, Peter W., 289.
Rogers, Isaac, 122.
Ronckendorf, Wm., 200.
Rose, Chas. A., 341.
Rosengarten, A. G., 24, 176, 289,
296.
Rosengarten, Joseph G., 135,
211, 296.
Roussel, E. G., 284.
Ruff, Chas. F., 268, 294.
Rush, Rich'd H., 162, 236.
Ryan, John W., 25, 341.
Sacriste, L. J., 129, 297.
Sage, Theo. M., 283.
Sanders, W. W., 155,
Saunders, Courtland, 288.
Sargeant, W., 227.
Satterlee, R. S., 232.
Saylor, Benj., 296.
Schaffer, Frank, 154, 197.
Schoepf, J. N., 196, 199.
Schoonmaker. J. N., 174.
Scott, Thos. A., 16, 44, 45, 46.
Scott, J. W., 336.
Scott, John, 288.
Scott, Michael. 61.
Schuyler, Philip R., 284.
Scroggs, O. A., 192.
Schwatlo, E., 286.
Seeker, Philip, 290.
Segebarth, H-, 152, 197.
Selfridge, J. L., 294.
Sellers, A. J., 297.
Sergeant, Wm., 290.
Seymour, Truman, 66.
Sharwood, D., 288.
Sherlock, Sam'l, 102.
Shermer, Benj. C, 297,
Shinkel, H. R,, 290.
Shreve, R. L. R., 284.
Sickel, H. G., 69, 70, 240, 271,
273, 293-
Sinex, Jos. H., 112.
Skillern, S. R., 227.
Sloan, John D., 280.
Small, Wm. F., 26, 27, 28, 52,
251.
Small wood, J. T., 290.
Smith, A. H., 228.
Smith, A. K., 224.
Smith, Chas. R., 297.
Smith, Chas. S., 249.
Smith, Chas. F., 292, 320.
Smith, Chas. W., 341.
Smith, Henry R., 17.
Smith, Geo. F., 79, So.
Smith, Mitchell, 90.
Smith, R. Penn, 89.
Smith, Sam'l C, 146.
Smith, Stephen E., 160.
Smith, Thos. A., 88.
Sneyd, N. S., 173, 288.
Snowden, Geo. R., 340.
Southard, C. , 279.
Spear, Geo. C., 79, 282.
Spear, John, 248.
Spear, Sam'l P., i6r, 169.
Springer, Z. B., 129.
Stafford, M. C, 341.
Stainrook, H. J., 120, 287.
Starr, Jas., 164, 341.
Staunton, John R, 82.
Steffan, J. M., 283.
Stratton, F. A., 169.
Steele, Joseph, 155, 156.
Steelwagen, H. S., aoo.
Sterling, J. F., 289.
Stewart, Wm. S., 341.
Stewart, Frank B., 122, 123.
Stewart, Chas., 200, 203, 219.
Stewart, Wm., 287.
Stewart, W. W., 271.
Storrow, S. S., 229.
Stratton, F. W., 169.
Strawbridge, S. D., 150, 151.
Stroud, Geo. D., 279.
Supplee, A, C, 283.
Swain, Clinton, 103, 284.
Sweeney, Thos. W., 118,
Sully, A. G., 293.
Suydam, Chas. A., 328.
Taggart, Chas. F., 282.
Taggart, John H., 74-
Taggart, Samuel, 129, 28S.
Tapper, Thos. F. B., 71.
Taylor, J. H., 227.
Taylor, John, 326.
Taylor, Lewis, 227.
Taylor, Samuel W., 297.
Taylor, \Y. W., 19, 25 248.
Terry, O. S., 43.
Thomas, Hampton S., 336.
Thomas, Wm. B., 40, 219 247, 277.
Thompson, Edward R., 200.
Thompson, Geo. C, 283.
Thompson, John C, 341.
Thomson, Frank,
j Thompson, Robt., 294.
Thomson, J. Edgar, 31.
Tiers, Edmund T., 140.
Tilghman, B. C, 52, 189, 294.
Tinen, P. S., 88.
Tippen, A. H., 83, 84.
Todd, Geo. W., iii 285, 297.
Topham, C, 289.
Tourison, Wm., 289.
Town, Gustavus W., 113, 286.
Town, Thos. J., 113.
Tracy, Benj. F., 195.
Treichel, Chas., 295.
Truefitt, H. P., 134, 288.
Truxton, Wm, T., 200.
Tschudy, M., 88, 282.
Tucker, Wm. E., 282.
Tyndale, Hector, 293.
Vanderslice, John M., 326.
Vanderheyden, S. G., 129.
Veale, Moses, 297, 336.
Vezin Henry A., 297.
Vogel. T. K., 297-
Von Bierwirth, F., 2S3.
Von Hartung. A., 98.
Von Mitzel, A., 98.
\''on Matzdorf, A,, 100.
Von Schimmelpfennig, A., 98.
Wagner, Louis, 106, 258, 187, 294,
326, 340.
Wagner, George E., igi.
Wagner, O. G., 291.
Wallace, E. E., iir, 213, 215.
Wallace, Geo. W., 22.
Wallace, W. T.. 51-
Wallace, J. W., 235.
Walker, A. C, 280.
Walters, A. H., 297, 341-
Walton, Edwin, 330.
Ward, Jos. R. C, 340-
Ward, Wm. C, 341
Warner, Chas. R., i34, 289
Warner, H. C, 297.
Waterman, C. D., 291-
Watmough, J. H., 200.
Webb, A. S., 94.
Webb, Wm., 88.
Wiedersheim, Wm. A., 297-
Wiedersheim, Theo. E., 340.
Welch, Wm. W.. 235-
Wells, Clark H., 200.
^^'■enrick, Jas. E., 289.
Wessels, F., 297.
West, Robert M., 147, 160, 294.
West, Nathaniel, 233.
Whelan. H. C, 283.
\Vhelan, Wm.. 200.
Whipple, W. D., 43, 240.
Whisner, H. B., 74.
White, Albert S., 146, 290.
White, C. A., 297.
White, Geo. R., 200.
White, J. R., 288, 341-
White, John C, 22.
Whitehead, G. I., 297.
Willauer, S. G., 129.
Williams, D. H., 104.
Williams, Edward E., 167.
Williams, John W., 297.
Williams, Joseph D., 283.
Willitts, P. H., 284.
Williamson, Samuel L., 160, 282.
Wilson, Chas., 284.
Wilson, Geo. W., 281.
Wilson, J. Lapsley, 341.
Wilson, Jas. B., 297.
Wilson, John L., 219.
Wilson, O. B.. 219.
Wilson, Wm. B., 45.
Winn, Chas. A., 78.
Winslow, Robt E., 83, 84, 294.
Winter, Adolph, 100, 2S4.
Wistar, Isaac J., 24. 8s, 89, 293.
Wister, Francis, 241, 279.
Wister, Langhorne, 294.
Wood, John F., 281.
Woodeard, Geo. W., 297.
Woodward, Enos, 250.
Woodward, W. H., 276.
Woolworth, Richard IT., 70, 7^,
281.
Worman, John D., 32S.
Warman, Chas. H., 341-
Wrigley, H. E., 146.
Wrigley, Samuel, 297.
Wright, John C, 129.
Wyck, Christian, 100, 284.
Wynkoop, Geo., 116.
Wynkoop, John E., 183.
Wynkoop, N. A., 284.
Yardley, Mahlon, 43.
Yarrow, Thos., 228.
Yeoman, S. B., 194.
Yocum, J. W.. 129.
Yohn, Henry I., 328, 33°-
Young, Benj., F., 281.
Young, Chas. M., 288.
Young, Wm. H., 157.
Zeilin, Jacob, 200.
Zell, T. Elwood. 276, 323.
Zulick, S. M.. 61, 64, 294.
l2lsT Regiment
CAMP WILLIAM PENN
(COLORED TROOPS)
ONE MILE NORTH FROM THIS POINT
MILITA^
PHILA
1861
26th, 68th and 183d Regiments of infantry ^^^
AND 13th Cavalry were encamped in this vicinit^^
MAP OF ,
ELPHIA
1 19th Regiment
AND 6th Cavalry
20th
186th|
olle^
66th
67th
camac's wood
z
Cavalry §
a I-
niEQIMENT Z
1
s
DC
Li
a
NEW YORK TRAINS
24
>□
|23
D
JUar
27
□
25
WILLIAM CRAMP & SONS' SHIPYARD
A
ARSENAL
□A
F
186th'
franklin
LJOOth SRegiment
SQUARE m
^^ 2o Cavalry camp
^N /y ^V POINT BREEZE PARK
^// A — *-
Em
QK
183d Regiment
^13^12*10 K 23 5
116
QJ
HOME
SPITAL
?4 ■ 9" M'a--6
□ "7
15
WASHINGTON
SQUARE
cm
d^
□i
WASHINGTON AVENUE
£>r3wn dy Frank M. Tay/or
JEFFERSON ^ ^1
SQUARE 20
jNAVY YARD
' SUFFOLK BH ^O"".*?
PARK f ^^'^
].
XJ. S. Army Headquarters, Glrard
lit.
J. V. Merrick & Sons' Machine
D.
St., above llth St.
Shops.
E.
3.
Independence Hall.
30.
Cooper Shop Volunteer Refresh-
V.
S.
Post Office (Provost).
ment Saloon.
G.
4.
Custom House.
31.
Union Volunteer Refreshment
H.
r>.
Jay Cooke & Co.
Saloon.
I.
6.
Pennsylvania Banfe (Provost).
33.
Commissioners' Hall, "West Phlla.
J.
7.
Pennsylvania R. B. Offlces.
33.
Military Clothing Depot, 23d and
li.
S.
Girard House.
Filbert sts.
L.
».
Continental Hotel.
34.
Matthews & Moore, Cannon
10.
Pennsylvania R. R. Depot, lltli
Foundry (on site of U. S. Mint).
M.
and Market sts.
35.
Baldwin <$: Co., Locomotives.
JN.
T1.
Union League (on site of Keith's
38.
Ladner's Military Hall, 3d St., be-
O.
Theatre).
low Green st.
P.
13.
National Hall.
37.
U. S. Laboratory, 6th and Ox-
u.
I.'?.
U. S. Mint.
ford sts.
B.
14.
Xew England Soldiers' Rest, 13th
38.
Ridge Ave. Car Barn.
S.
and Chestnut sts.
Provost Marshal, 1314 Locust st.
15.
u.
16.
TTew Union Leasue Building
HOSPITALS
V.
w.
(1865).
17.
Academy of Music.
A.
S. E. cor. Broad and Cherry sts.
X
IS.
Soldiers' Reading Rooms, 20th
B.
S. E. cor. 16th and Filbert sts.
Y.
St., helow Market St.
C.
National Guard's Hall.
33d and Wood sts.
13th and Buttonwood sts.
.5th and Buttonwood sts.
Pennsylvania.
8th and Catharine sts.
9th and Christian sts.
24th and South sts.
Officers, 34th and Chestnut sts.
Citizen's, Broad st. and Washing-
ton ave.
Satterlee, West Phlla.
Summit House, Darl»y Road.
Haddington.
Hestonville.
St. Josephs.
5th and Geai'se sts.
6th r.U'l Master sts.
Episcopal.
Camac.
Islington Lane.
Turner's Lane.
MeCIellau, Nicetow-n.
Cuyler, Germantow-n.
!
1 1™™"™
Iji "^^^^f^mmm
lipilpi