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CORNELL 

UNIVERSITY 

LIBRARY 


BOUGHT  WITH  THE  INCOME 
OF  THE  SAGE  ENDOWMENT 
FUND    GIVEN    IN    1 89 1     BY 

HENRY  WILLIAMS  SAGE 


Cornell  University  Library 
F  627D3  H67 


History  of  Delaware  county.  Iowa,  contai 


olin 


3   1924  028  913  931 


Cornell  University 
Library 


The  original  of  this  bool<  is  in 
the  Cornell  University  Library. 

There  are  no  known  copyright  restrictions  in 
the  United  States  on  the  use  of  the  text. 


http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028913931 


THE 


HISTORY 


DELAWARE  COUNTY, 


I  O  ^^r  ^ 


CONTAINING 


A  Biographieal    Directory  of  its  Citizens,  War  Record  of  its  Vol- 
unteers in  the  late  Rebellion,  Gener-al  and  Local  Statistics, 
Portraits  of  Early  Settlers  and  Prominent  Men,  His- 
tory of  the   Northwest,  History  of  Iowa,  Map 
of  Delaware  County,  Constitution  of  the 
United    States,    Miscellaneous 
Matters,  &c. 


iriliTJSTiaj^l'EID. 


CHICAGO : 
WESTERN   HISTORICAL    COMPANY, 

StrCCESSOES  TO  H.  F.  KETT  4  CO. 
1878. 


A  y^^  '/I  I 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1878,  by 

THE      WESTERN      HISTORICAL     COMPANY, 

In  tbe  OfBce  of  the  LibraritiD  of  CongreBB,  at  Waafaington,  D.  C. 


Yn/\»!;  I  ' 


PRE  FA  O  E. 


1"  ESS  than  fifty  years  ago,  Delaware  County,  now  so  densely  populated  and  replete 
'  -^  with  all  the  elements  of  an  enlightened  civilization,  was  the  undisturbed  home  of 
the  Sacs  and  Foxes.  Less  than  half  a  century  has  rolled  into  eternity  since  the  Indian 
title  to  any  portion  of  the  soil  of  Iowa  was  extinguished,  and  the  Black  Hawk  Purchase 
permitted  the  resistless  tide  of  emigration  Westward  to  flow  across  the  Mississippi. 

Only  a  little  more  than  forty  years  have  elapsed  since  the  roving,  restless  Bennett 
built  the  first  rude  log  cabin  and  the  first  brave  and  hardy  pioneers  settled  on  the  beau- 
tiful prairies  of  Delaware.  But  these  fleeting  years  have  been  full  of  eventful  changes 
— of  history.  To  gather,  compile  and  preserve  that  history  for  transmission  to  posterity 
as  one  of  the  almost  countless  chapters  in  the  annals  of  this  great  country,  has  been  the 
purpose  of  this  work. 

The  task  has  been  an  arduous  and  responsible  one.  Several  years  had  passed,  after 
-  the  first  permanent  settlements  by  Kibbee,  the  Livingstons,  the  Nicholsons, 
Bailey,  the  Keelers,  Eads,  Penn,  Aubrey,  Jackson  and  others,  before  any  writ- 
ten records  were  made ;  indeed,  prior  to  1850,  the  records  of  Delaware  were  very  incom- 
plete and  many  valuable  papers  pertaining  to  that  period  have  been  lost.  Of  those  who 
came  prior  to  1842,  only  a  few  remain  to  greet  those  who  now  come  to  write  their  history. 
Memories  fail  with  the  accumulating  burdens  of  years,  and  events  that  were  fresh  and 
vivid  in  memory  ten  or  fifteen  years  ago  are  now  so  nearly  forgotten  that  they  are  recalled 
with  difficulty. 

In  the  absence  of  written  records,  it  has  often  occurred  that  diiferent  individuals 
have  given  sincere  and  honest  but  nevertheless  conflicting  accounts  of  the  same  events, 
and  it  has  been  a  task  of  great  delicacy  to  harmonize  these  conflicting  statements  and  draw 
therefi'om  reasonable  and  approximately  correct  conclusions.  This  part  of  the  work  has 
been  performed  with  much  care  and  with  the  single  purpose  of  ascertaining  the  truth 
and  of  recording  events  as  they  actually  transpired.  How  well  it  has  been  performed 
the  reader  must  judge.  It  will  be  stiaoge  indeed,  if,  in  the  multiplicity  of  names,  dates 
and  events,  no  errors  shall  be  detected.  The  compilers  do  not  dare  hope  that  in  all  its 
numerous  and  varied  details,  this  work  is  absolutely  correct,  nor  is  it  expected  that  it  is 
beyond  criticism.  But  the  publishers  hope  and  believe  that  it  will  be  found  measurably 
correct  and  generally  accurate  and  reliable.  Unwearied  and  studious  care  has  been  con- 
stantly exercised,  in  the  hope  of  making  it  a  standard  work  of  reference  as  well  as  a 
volume  of  interest  to  the  "general  reader. 

Such  as  it  shall  be  found,  however,  our  work  is  done — our  off'ering  completed,  and  it 
remains  for  us  to  tender  our  grateful  acknowledgments  to  the  people  of  Delaware  County 


IV  PREFACE. 

for  the  liberal  patronage  that  has  enabled  us  to  present  them  with  this  Tolume,  and 
for  the  courtesy- and  kindness  almost  without  exception  extended  to  our  representatives 
and  agents  to  whom  has  been  entrusted  the  work  of  collecting  and  arranging  the  histor- 
ical records  herein  preserved  to  that  posterity  who,  in  the  not  far  distant  future,  are  to 
take  the  places  of  the  fathers  and  mothers  of  to-day,  so  many  of  whose  names  are 
honorably  recorded  in  the  following  pages. 

Particularly  do  we  desire  lo  express  our  warmest  thanks  to  those  who  have  so  freely 
and  generously  furnished  so  much  valuable  information,  without  whose  aid  the  history 
of  Delaware  County  would  not  have  been  so  complete  and  accurate  as  it  is  hoped  it  will 
be  found  to  be. 

To  the  Fathers  and  Mothers  of  the  Past,  and  the  Sons  of  the  Present,  who  have 
taken  a  deep  interest  in  this  work,  and  especially  to  Hon.  JoEL  Bailet  and  his  amiable 
wife,  Mrs.  Arabella  Coitin  Bailey;  Hon.  Cummings  Sanborn,  Mayor  of  Man- 
chester ;  Thomas  Toogood,  Esq.;  Rat  B.  Griffin,  Esq.;  Col.  S.  Gr.  Van  Anda  ;  R. 
M.  KwART,  Esq.,  Superintendent  of  Schools ;  Dr.  Joseph  W.  Bobbins  ;  Rev.  B.  M. 
Amsden  ;  Joseph  S.  Belknap,  Esq.;  S.  L.  Doggett,  Esq.;  R.  W.  Tirrill,  Esq.; 
Francis  Bethell  ;  William  Cattron,  Esq.;  L.  L.  Ayers,  Esq.;  C.  C.  Peers  ; 
Charles  C.  Lewis;  Mark  Whitman;  Allen  Love,  of  Manchester;  Hon.  Fred- 
erick B.  DooLiTTLE ;  Col.  John  H.  Peters  ;  Charles  W.  Hobbs,  Esq^;  J.  B. 
BoGGS,  Esq.,  County  Auditor;  J.  B.  Satterlee,  Ex-Clerk  of  Courts  ;  Capt.'J.  M.  HoL- 
BROOK,  County  Treasurer;  H.  C.  Jackson,  Esq.,  Recorder  of  Delhi;  Leroy  Jack- 
son; Henry  A.  Carter;  Mrs.  Dr.  Finley  ;  P.H.Warner;  Rev.  S.  Hodge,  D.  D.;' 
Prof  Wm.  Flude,  of  Hopkinton ;  Lawrence  McNamee,  Esq.;  Jacob  B.  More- 
land,  Col.  Samuel  G.  Knee  ;  John  Platt,  Esq.;  Rev.  E  L.  McNamee,  of  Coles- 
burg  ;  Asa  C.  Bowen,  Esq.,  of  Sand  Spring ;  Roland  Aubrey,  Esq.,  of  North  Fork ; 
Hiram  D.  Wood,  Esq.,  of  Porestville ;  Silas  Gilmore,  Esq.,  of  Greeley ;  Christo- 
pher L.  Flint,  Esq.,  of  Hazel  Green ;  Henry  Baker,  Esq.,  of  Coffin's  Grove ;  C.  B. 
LoNT,  Esq.;  W.  M.  Hefner,  of  Delaware ;  to  the  Press  of  the  County,  to  the  minis- 
ters and  official  representatives  of  the  churches,  lodges  and  societies,  and  the  principals 
and  teachers  of  schools,  this  paragraph  of  grateful  appreciation  and  thanks  is  respect- 
fully dedicated.  We  are  also  under  obligations  to  Hon.  T.  S.  Wilson  and  P.  J.  QuiQ- 
LEY,  Esq.,  Clerk  of  Courts  of  Dubuque ;  and  to  Hon.  T.  W.  Burdick,  M.  C.  from  this 
Congressional  District,  for  courtesies  extended  to  our  representatives. 

In  conclusion,  we  may  be  permitted  to  express  the  earnest  hope  that  before  two  score 
more  of  years  have  passed,  other  and  abler  pens  will  have  gathered  and  recorded  the 
historical  events  that  are  to  follow  the  close  of  this  offering  to  the  people  of  Delaware, 
that  the  history  of  the  County  may  be  preserved  unbroken  from  generation  to  gener- 
ation. - 

j™k,  1878.  PUBLISHERS. 


CONTENTS. 


Paqe. 

History  Northwest  Territory 19 

Geographical  Position 19 

Early  Explorations 20 

Discovery  of  the  Ohio 33 

English  Explorations  and  Set- 

ments 35 

American  Settlements 60 

Division  of  the  Northwest  Ter- 
ritory   66 

Tecumseh  and  the  War  of  1812  70 
Black  Hawk  and  the    Black 

H^wk  "War 74 

Other  Indian  Troubles 79 

Present  Condition  of  theNorth- 

west 86 

Chicago 95 

Illinois 240 

Indiana , 242 

Iowa.. 243 

Michigan 244 

Wlsconain 245 

Minnesota 247 

.  Nebraska 248 

History  of  Iowa : 

Geographical  Situation 109 

Topography 109 

Drainage  System 110 

Rivers Ill 

Lakes 118 

Springs H9 

Prairies 120 

Geology \...120 

Climatology 137 

Discovery  and  Occupation 139 

Territory 147 

Indians 147 

Pike's  Expedition 151 

Indian  Wars 152 

Black  Hawk  War 157 

Indian  Purchase,  Reserves  and 

Treaties 159 

Spanish  Grants vl63 

Half-Breed  Tract 164 

Early  Settlements 166 

Territorial  History 173 

Bouudaiy  Question 177 

State  Organization 181 

Growth  and  Progress 185 

Agricultural  College  and  Farm.186 


HlSTORlCAli. 

Pace. 

History  of  Iowa : 

State  University 187 

State  Historical  Society 193 

Penitentiaries 194 

Insane  Hospitals 195 

College  for  the  Blind 197 

Deaf  and  Dumb  Institution 199 

Soldiers'  Orphans'  Homes 199 

State  Normal  School 201 

Asylum    for   Feeble    Minded 

Children 201 

Reform  School 202 

Fish  Hatching  EBtablishment..203 

Public  Lands 204 

Public  Schools 218 

Political  Record 223 

War  Record 229 

Number  Volunteers 233 

Number  Casualties — Officers. .,234 
Number    Casualties — Enlisted 

Men ; 236 

Population 238 

History  of  Delaware  County 331 

First  Election 337 

First  Marriages 341 

Organization  of  County 342 

First  County  Election 346 

First  Court  House 351 

First  Tax 353 

First  Civil  Case 367 

First  Criminal  Trial 368 

First  Divorce  Case 368 

Jail  and  Court  Houso..379-380- 

386  and  387 

New  Townships 380 

County  Judge  System 381 

Great  Flood 382 

Township  Boundaries 387 

Land  Case 389 

Incorporation  of  Delhi 390 

Railroad  Strangled 391 

Broom  Corn 392 

Murder  in  Delhi 392 

Poor  Farm 403 

Poor  House 407 

County  Seat  Contests 408 

Harvest  Home 410 

Miscellaneous 411 

Property  Statement 414 


Page. 

History  of  Delaware  County : 

Tax  Statement 414 

Tote  1876 „ 415 

County  Officers,  1841  to  1878...416 

Township  Officei-s 418 

Old  Settlers'  Society..... 422 

Agricultural  Society 424 

Farmers'  Institute 426- 

Patrons  of  Husbandry 42T 

Sabbath  School  Association 428 

Post  Offices  and  Postmasters. ..428 
Fire  and  Lightning  Insurance 

Company 431 

Dairy  System 432 

Nurseries 434 

War  Record 435 

Educational , 459- 

Bowen  Collegiate  Institute 462: 

Railroads 468 

Press 471 

Medical  Society 475 

Musical  Society 476 

Bible  Society 477 

History  of  Towns : 

Manchester 47T 

Delhi 614 

Earlville 520 

Delaware 525 

Greeley 530 

C'>lesburg  and  Culony.. 533 

Hopkinton 537 

Sand  Spring 543 

Forestville 647 

Almoral 549 

Rockville 551 

Hartwick 552 

Delaware  Township 553: 

Mtisonville 654 

Coffin's  Grove  Township 555 

Yankee  Settlement 656 

Hazel  Green 667' 

Delaware  Center 658 

Petersburg 559 

Millheim 560 

York 560' 

Elk  Township 561 

Bremen  Township 561 

Too  Lates 561 


Page. 

Mouth  of  the  Mississippi 21 

Source  of  the  Mississippi 21 

Wild  Prairie 23 

La  Salle  Landing  on  the  Shore  of 

Green  Bay 25 

Buffalo  Hunt 27 

Trapping 29 

Hunting 32 

Iroquois  Chief 34 

Pontiac,  the  Ottawa  Chieftain 43 

Indians  Attacking  Frontiersmen..    56 
A  Prairie  Storm 69 


IlililJST  RATIONS. 

Page. 

A  Pioneer  Dwelling 61 

Breaking  Prairie 63 

Tecumseh,  the  Shawnoe  Chieftain..  69 

Indians  Attacking  a  Stockade 72 

Black  Hawk,  the  Sac  Chieftain 7o 

Big  Eagle 80 

Captain  Jack,  the  Modoc  Chieftain  83 

Kinzie  House 85 

A  Representative  Pioneer 1...  86 

Lincoln    Monument 87 

A  Pioneer  School  House 88 

Pioneers'  First  Winter 94 


Page.. 
Great  Iron  Bridge  of  C,  R,  I.  &  P. 
R.  R.,  Crossing  the  Mississippi  at 

Davenport,  Iowa 91 

Chicago  in  1833 95 

Old  Fort  Dearborn,  1830 98 

Present  Site  Lake  Street  Bridge, 

Chicago,  1833 98 

Ruins  of  Chicago 104 

View  of  the  City  of  Chicago 1U6 

Hunting  Prairie  M^olves 249 

Stan-edRock 274 

Centennial  Medals 562 


CONTENTS. 
I^ITHOGRAPHIC    PORTRAITS. 


Page. 

Baily,  Joel 329 

Belknap,  J.  8 563 

Bronson,  Cbas.  E ..609 

Baker,  Henry 35 

Cowles,  E.  S .419 

Carr,  E.  M 211 

Coffin,  Clement 99 

Denton,  M 67 

Doolittlr,  F.  B 61 

Drybread,  H.C 646 


Page. 

Drybread,  J.  S 466 

Emerson,! 491 

Flint,  C.  li 401 

Griffin,  K.  B 163 

Gilmore,  Silas 193 

HobbB,  Ohas.  W 366 

Jackson,  Leroy 617 

Klaus,  H.  H 653 

Le  Boy,  M.  F 296 

McNamee,  L 635 


Page. 

Martin,  W.  H 627 

Martindale,  John 227 

Petere,  J.  H 599 

Swinburne,  J.  B 473 

Stone,  Andrew 383 

Stewart,  John 581 

Sullivan,  A 347 

Van  Anda,  S.  G 437 

Wood,  H.D 131 

Wellman,  0 246. 


UEI.AWARE    COrSITY    WAR    RECORD. 


Page. 

Infantry 441 

First .....441 

Third     441 

Fifth 441 

Ninth 442 

Twelfth 442 

Twenty-firat 444 

Twenty-seventh 447 


Page. 

Infantry : 

Forty-fourth 448 

Forty-sixth 448 

Miscellaneous  Infantry 449 

Cavalry .449 

First 449 

Second  460 


Page. 

Cavalry: 

Fourth 450 

Sixth  462 

Seventh 453 

Eighth 453 

Miscellaneous  Cavalry 453 

Artillery,  etc 453 


BIOORAPHICAIi    TOWHfSHIP    OIRECTOBY. 


Page. 

Adams 684 

Bremen 703 

Colony 608 

Coffin's  Grove 660 

Delaware 565 

Delhi 696 


Page. 

Elk 626 

Hazel  Green 693 

Honey  Creek 649 

Milo 616 

North  Fork 689 


Page. 

Oneida....! 637 

Prairie 700 

Richland 677 

South  Fork 689 

Union 706 


ABSTRACT    or     IOWA    STATE    liAWS. 


Page. 

Adoption  of  Children 284 

Bills  of  Exchange  and  Promissory 

Notes 276 

Commercial  Terms ,286 

Descent 276 

Damages  from  Trespass 281 

Exemptions  from  Execution 280 

Estrajs 280 

F^ms: 

Articles  of  Agreement 288 

Bills  of  Sale 289 

Bond  for  Deed 298 

Bills  of  Purchase 287 

Chattel  Mortgage 297 

Confession  of  Judgment 288 


Page. 
Forms: 

Lease 294 

Mortgages 292 

Notice  to  Quit 290 

Notes 287-294 

Orders 287 

Quit  Claim  Deed 297 

Receipts 287 

Tenant's  Notice  of  Leaving 290 

Wills  and  Codicils 290 

Warranty  Deed 297 

Fences 282 

Interest 375 

Jurisdiction  of  Courts 278 


Page. 

Jurors 279 

Limitation  of  Actions 279 

Landlord  and  Tenant 285 

Married  Women 279 

Marks  and  Brands .281 

Mechanics' Liens 283 

Roads  and  Bridges 283 

Surveyors  and  Surveys 284 

Suggestions  to  Persons  Purchasing 

Books  by  Subscription 298 

Support  of  Poor 286 

Taxes 277 

Wills  and  Estates 276 

Weights  and  Measures 286 


Page. 

Hap  of  Delaware  County Front. 

Constitution  of  United  States 250 

"Vote  for  President  And  Vice  Pres- 
ident  264 

Practical  Rules  for  Eveiy-Day  Use..265 
United  States  Government   Land 
Measure 268 

Errata 


SIISCEIiL.  AN  EOVS. 

Page. 

Surveyor's  Measure 269 

How  to  Keep  Accounts] 269 

Interest  Table 270 

Miscellaneous  Ta^le 270 

Names  of  the  States  of  the  Union 

and  their  Significations 271 

Population  of  the  United  States 272 


Page. 

Population  of  Fifty  Principal  Cities27l 
of  the  United  States 

Population  and  Area  of  the  United 
States 273 

Population  of  the  Principal  Coun- 
tries in  the  World 273 


r  MAP  of  DELAWARE   CO.  > 


>*.         -y^        T        o        N, 


The    Northwest    Territory. 


GEOGRAPHICAL    POSITION. 

When  the  Northwestern  Territory  was  ceded  to  the  United  States 
by  Virginia  in  1784,  it  embraced  only  the  territory  lying  between  the 
Ohio  and  the  Mississippi  Rivers,  and  north  to  the  northern  limits  of  the 
United  States.  It  coincided  with  the  area  now  embraced  in  the  States 
of  Ohio,  Indiana,  Michigan,  Illinois,  Wisconsin,  and  that  portion  of 
Minnesota  lying  on  the  east  side  of  the  Mississippi  River.  The  United 
States  itself  at  that  period  extended  no  farther  west  than  the  Mississippi 
River ;  but  by  the  purchase  of  Louisiana  in  1803,  the  western  boundary 
of  the  United  States  was  extended  to  the  Rocky  Mountains  and  the 
Northern  Pacific  Ocean.  The  new  territory  thus  added  to  the  National 
domain,  and  subsequently  opened  to  settlement,  has  been  called  the 
"  New  Northwest,"  in  contradistinction  from  the  old  "  Northwestern 
Territory. " 

In  comparison  with  the  old  Northwest  this  is  a  territory  of  vast 
magnitude.  It  includes  an  area  of  1,887,850  square  miles ;  being  greater 
in  extent  than  the  united  areas  of  all  the  Middle  and  Southern  States, 
including  Texas.  Out  of  this  magnificent  territory  have  been  erected 
eleven  sovereign  States  and  eight  Territories,  with  an  aggregate  popula- 
tion, at  the  present  time,  of  13,000,000  inhabitants,  or  nearly  one  third  of 
the  entire  population  of  the  United  States. 

Its  lakes  are  fresh-water  seas,  and  the  larger  rivers  of  the  continent 
flow  for  a  thousand  miles  through  its  rich  alluvial  valleys  and  far- 
stretching  prairies,  more  acres  of  which  are  arable  and  productive  of  the 
highest  percentage  of  the  cereals  than  of  any  other  area  of  like  extent 
on  the  globe. 

For  the  last  twenty  years  the  increase  of  population  in  the  North- 
west has  been  about  as  three  to  one  in  any  other  portion  of  the  United 
States. 

(19) 


20  THE   NOETHWEST   TEKRITOEY. 


EARLY    EXPLORATIONS. 


In  the  year  1541,  DeSoto  first  saw  the  Great  West  in  the  New 
World.  He,  however,  penetrated  no  farther  north  than  the  35th  parallel 
of  latmide.  The  expedition  resulted  in  his  death  and  that  of  more  than 
half  his  army,  the  remainder  of  whom  found  their  way  to  Cuba,  thence 
to  Spain,  in  a  famished  and  demoralized  condition.  DeSoto  founded  no 
settlements,  produced  no  results,  and  left  no  traces,  unless  it  were  that 
he  awakened  the  hostility  of  the  red  man  against  the  white  man,  and 
disheartened  such  as  might  desire  to  follow  up  the  career  of  discovery 
for  better  purposes.  The  French  nation  were  eager  and  ready  to  seize 
upon  any  news  from  this  extensive  domain,  and  were  the  first  to  profit  by 
DeSoto's  defeat.  Yet  it  M^as  more  than  a  century  before  any  adventurer 
took  advantage  of  these  discoveries. 

In  1616,  four  years  before  the  pilgrims  "  moored  their  bark  on  the 
,wild  New  England  shore,"  Le  Caron,  a  French  Franciscan,  had  pene- 
trated through  the  Iroquois  and  Wyandots  (Hurons)  to  the  streams  which 
run  into  Lake  Huron  ;  and  in  1634,  two  Jesuit  missionaries  founded  the 
first  mission  among  the  lake  tribes.  It  was  just  one  hundred  years  from 
the  discovery  of  the  Mississippi  by  DeSoto  (1541)  until  the  Canadian 
envoys  met  the  savage  nations  of  the  Northwest  at  the  Falls  of  St.  Mary, 
below  the  outlet  of  Lake  Superior.  This  visit  led  to  no  permanent 
result;  yet  it  was  not  until  1659  that  any  of  the  adventurous  fur  traders 
attempted  to  spend  a  Winter  in  the  frozen  wilds  about  the  great  lakes, 
nor  was  it  until  1660  that  a  station  was  established  upon  their  borders  by 
Mesnard,  who  perished  in  the  woods  a  few  months  after.  In  1665,  Claude 
Allouez  built  the  earliest  lasting  habitation  of  the  white  man  amono-  the 
Indians  of  the  Northwest.  In  1668,  Claude  Dablon  and  James  Marquette 
founded  the  mission  of  Sault  Ste.  Marie  at  the  Falls  of  St.  Mary,  and  two 
years  afterward,  Nicholas  Perrot,  as  agent  for  M.  Talon,  Governor  Gen- 
eral of  Canada,  explored  Lake  Illinois  (Michigan)  as  far  south  as  the 
present  City  of  Chicago,  and  invited  the  Indian  nations  to  meet  him  at  a 
grand  council  at  Sault  Ste.  Marie  the  following  Spring,  where  they  were 
taken  under  the  protection  of  the  king,  and  formal  possession  was  taken 
of  the  Northwest.  This  same  year  Marquette  established  a  mission  at 
Point  St.  Ignatius,  where  was  founded  the  old  town  of  Michillimackinac. 

During  M.  Talon's  explorations   and  Marquette's  residence  at  St. 
Ignatius,  they  learned  of  a  great  river  away  to  the  west,  and  fancied 
—as  all  others  did  then— that  upon  its  fertile  banks  whole  tribes  of  God's 
children  resided,  to  whom  the  sound  of  the   Gospel  had  never  come 
Filled  with  a  wish  to  go  and  preach  to  them',  and  in  compliance  with  a 


THE   NORTHWEST   TEEEITOEY. 


21 


^-.M 


i 


h 
f^ 


M 
H 

O 

w 

O 


;>*..^-'  '^,  ,/^'<X\ 


M 


H 

|i| 
O 

O 


22  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITO^T. 

request  of  M.  Talon,  who  earnestly  desired  to  extend  the  domain  of  his 
king,  and  to  ascertain  whether  the  river  flowed  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 
or  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Marquette  with  Joliet,  as  commander  of  the  expe- 
dition, prepared  for  the  undertaking. 

On  the  13th  of  May,  1673,  the  explorers,  accompanied  by  five  assist- 
ant French  Canadians,  set  out  from  Mackinaw  on  their  daring  voyage  of 
discovery.  The  Indians,  who  gathered  to  witness  their  departure,  were 
astonished  at  the  boldness  of  the  undertaking,  and  endeavored  to  dissuade 
them  from  their  purpose  by  representing  the  tribes  on  the  Mississippi  as 
exceedingly  savage  and  cruel,  and  the  river  itself  as  full  of  all  sorts  of 
frightful  monsters  ready  to  swallow  them  and  their  canoes  together.  But, 
nothing  daunted  by  these  terrific  descriptions,  Marquette  told  them  he 
was  willing  not  only  to  encounter  all  the  perils  of  the  unknown  region 
they  were  about  to  explore,  but  to  lay  down  his  life  in  a  cause  in  which 
the  salvation  of  souls  was  involved  ;  and  having  prayed  together  they 
separated.  Coasting  along  the  northern  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  the 
adventurers  entered  Green  Bay,  and  passed  thence  up  the  Fox  River  land 
Lake  Winnebago  to  a  village  of  the  Miamis  and  Kickapoos.  Here  Mar- 
quette was  delighted  to  find  a  beautiful  cross  planted  in  the  middle  of  the 
town  ornamented  with  white  skins,  red  girdles  and  bows  and  arrows, 
which  these  good  people  had  offered  to  the  Great  Manitou,  or  God,  to 
thank  him  for  the  pity  he  had  bestowed  on  them  during  the  Winter  in 
giving  them  an  abundant  "chase."  This  was  the  farthest  outpost  to 
which  Dablon  and  Allouez  had  extended  their  missionary  labors  the 
year  previous.  Here  Marquette  drank  mineral  waters  and  was  instructed 
in  the  secret  of  a  root  which  cures  the  bite  of  the  venomous  rattlesnake. 
He  assembled  -the  chiefs  and  old  men  of  the  village,  and,  pointing  to 
Joliet,  said:  "  My  friend  is  an  envoy  of  France,  to  discover  new  coun- 
tries, and  I  am  an  ambassador  from  God  to  enlighten  them  with  the  truths 
of  the  Gospel."  Two  Miami  guides  were  here  furnished  to  conduct 
them  to  the  Wisconsin  Eiver,  and  they  set  out  from  the  Indian  village  on 
the  10th  of  June,  amidst  a  great  crowd  of  natives  who  had  assembled  to 
witness  their  departure  into  a  region  where  no  white  man  had  ever  yet 
ventured.  The  guides,  having  conducted  them  across  the  portage, 
returned.  The  explorers  launched  their  canoes  upon  the  Wisconsin, 
which  they  descended  to  the  Mississippi  and  proceeded  down  its  unknown 
waters.  What  emotions  must  have  swelled  their  breasts  as  they  struck 
out  into  the  broadening  current  and  became  conscious  that  they  were 
now  upon  the  bosom  of  ths  Father  of  Waters.  The  mystery  was  about 
to  be  lifted  from  the  long-sought  river.  The  scenery  in  that  locality  is 
beautiful,  and  on  that  delightful  seventeenth  of  June  must  have  been 
clad  in  all  its  primeval  loveliness  as  it  had  been  adorned  by  the  hand  of 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


23 


Nature.  Drifting  rapidly,  it  is  said  that  the  bold  bluffs  on  either  hand 
"  reminded  them  of  the  castled  shores  of  their  own  beautiful  rivers  of 
France."  By-and-by,  as  they  drifted  along,  great  herds  of  buffalo  appeared 
on  the  banks.  On  going  to  the  heads  of  the  valley  they  could  see  a 
country  of  the  greatest  beauty  and  fertility,  apparently  destitute  of  inhab- 
itants yet  presenting  the  appearance  of  extensive  manors,  under  the  fas- 
tidious cultivation  of  lordly  proprietors. 


THE    WILD    PEAIEIB. 


On  June  25,  they  went  ashore  and  found  some  fresh  traces  of  men  upon 
the  sand,  and  a  path  which  led  to  the  prairie.  The  men  remained  in  the 
boat,  and  Marquette  and  Joliet  followed  the  path  till  they  discovered  a 
village  on  the  banks  of  a  river,  and  two  other  villages  on  a  hill,  within  a 
half  league  of  the  first,  inhabited  by  Indians.  They  were  received  most 
hospitably  by  these  natives,  who  had  never  before  seen  a  white  person. 
After  remaining  a  few  days  they  re-embarked  and  descended  the  river  to 
about  latitude  33°,  where  they  found  a  village  of  the  Arkansas,  and  being 
satisfied  that  the  river  flowed  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  turned  their  course 


24  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

up  the  river,  and  ascending  the  stream  to  the  mouth  of  the  Illinois, 
rowed  up  that  stream  to  its  source,  and  procured  guides  from  that  point 
to  the  lakes.  "  Nowhere  on  this  journey,"  says  Marquette,  "  did  we  see 
such  grounds,  meadows,  woods,  stags,  buffaloes,  deer,  wildcats,  bustards, 
swans,  ducks,  parroquets,  and  even  beavers,  as  on  the  Illinois  River." 
The  party,  without  loss  or  injury,  reached  Green  Bay  in  September,  and 
reported  their  discovery— one  of  the  most  important  of  the  age,  but  of 
which  no  record  was  preserved  save  Marquette's,  Joliet  losing  his  by 
the  upsetting  of  his  canoe  on  his  way  to  Quebec.  Afterward  Marquette 
returned  to  the  Illinois  Indians  by  their  request,  and  ministered  to  them 
until  1675.  On  the  18th  of  May,  in  that  year,  as  he  was  passing  the 
mouth  of  a  stream — going  with  his  boatmen  up  Lake  Michigan — he  asked 
to  land  at  its  mouth  and  celebrate  Mass.  Leaving  his  men  with  the  canoe, 
he  retired  a  short  distance  and  began  his  devotions.  As  much  time 
passed  and  he  did  not  return,  his  men  went  in  search  of  him,  and  found 
him  upon  his  knees,  dead;  He  had  peacefully  passed  away  while  at 
prayer.  He  was  buried  at  this  spot.  Charlevoix,  who  visited  the  place 
fifty  years  after,  found  the  waters  had  retreated  from  the  grave,  leaving 
the  beloved  missionary  to  repose  in  peace.  The  river  has  since  been 
called  Marquette. 

While  Marquette  and  his  companions  were  pursuing  their  labors  in 
the  West,  two  men,  differing  widely  from  him  and  each  other,  were  pre- 
paring to  follow  in  his  footsteps  and  perfect  the  discoveries  so  well  begun 
by  him.     These  were  Robert  de  La  Salle  and  Louis  Hennepin. 

After  La  Salle's  return  from  the  discovery  of  the  Ohio  River  (see 
the  narrative  elsewhere),  he  established  himself  again  among  the  French 
trading  posts  in  Canada.  Here  he  mused  long  upon  the  pet  project  of 
those  ages — a  short  way  to  China  and  the  East,  and  was  busily  planning  an 
expedition  up  the  great  lakes,  and  so  across  the  continent  to  the  Pacific, 
when  Marquette  returned  from  the  Mississippi.  At  once  the  vigorous  mind 
of  LaSalle  received  from  his  and  his  companions'  stories  the  idea  that  by  fol- 
lowing the  Great  River  northward,  or  by  turning  up  some  of  the  numerous 
western  tributaries,  the  object  could  easily  be  gained.  He  applied  to 
Frontenac,  Governor  General  of  Canada,  and  laid  before  him  the  plan, 
dim  but  gigantic.  Frontenac  entered  warmly  into  his  plans,  and  saw  that 
LaSalle's  idea  to  connect  the  great  lakes  by  a  chain  of  forts  with  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico  would  bind  the  country  so  wonderfully  together,  give  un- 
measured power  to  France,  and  glory  to  himself,  under  whose  adminis- 
tration he  earnestly  hoped  all  would  be  realized. 

LaSalle  now  repaired  to  France,  laid  his  plans  before  the  King,  who 
warmly  approved  of  them,  and  made  him  a  Chevalier.  He  also  received 
from  all  the  noblemen  the  warmest  wishes  for  his  success.     The  Chev- 


THE   NOKTHWEST   TEKBITOBT. 


25 


alier  returned  to  Canada,  and  busily  entered  upon  his  work.  He  at 
once  rebuilt  Fort  Frontenac  and  constructed  the  first  ship  to  sail  on 
these  fresh-water  seas.  On  the  7th  of  August,  1679,  having  been  joined 
by  Henn'epin,  he  began  his  voyage  in  the  Griffin  up  Lake  Erie.  He 
passed  over  this  lake,  through  the  straits  beyond,  up  Lake  St.  Clair  and 
into  Huron.  In  this  lake  they  encountered  heavy  storms.  They  were 
some  time  at  Michillimackinac,  where  LaSalle  founded  a.  fort,  and  passed 
on  to  Green  Bay,  the  "  Baie  des  Puans  "  of  the  French,  where  he  found 
a  large  quantity  of  furs  collected  for  him.  He  loaded  the  Griffin  with 
these?  and   placing  her  under  the   care  of  a  pilot  and  fourteen   sailors, 


LA  SALLE  LANDING  ON  THE  SHOKB  OF  GKBEN  BAY. 

Started  her  on  her  return  voyage.  The  vessel  was  never  afterward  heard 
o'f  He  remained  about  these  parts  until  early  in  the  Wmter  when,  hear- 
ing nothing  from  the  Griffin,  he  collected  all  the  men-thirty  workmg 
men  and  three  monks-and  started  again  upon  his  great  undertakmg 

By  a  short  portage  they  passed  to  the  Illinois  or  Kankakee,  called  by 
the  Indians,  "Theakeke,"  wolf,  because. of  the  tnbes  o  Indians  called 
by  that  name,  commonly  known  as  the  Mahingans,  ^f fg/^^^^ J^'; 
French  pronounced  it  Kiahiki,  which  became  corrupted  to  Kankakee 
"Falling  down  the  said  river  by  easy  journeys,  the  better  to  observe  the 
country ''  about  the  last  of  December  they  reached  a  viUage  of  the  Hh- 
rr  Indians,    containing   some   five  hundred    cabins,   but  at  that   moment 


26  THE   NOETH"WEST   TBKRITOEY. 


no 


inhabitants.  The  Seur  de  LaSalle  being  in  want  of  some  breadstuffs, 
took  advantage  of  the  absence  of  the  Indians  to  help  himself  to  a  suffi- 
ciency of  maize,  large  quantities  of  which  he  found  concealed  in  holes 
under  the  wigwams.  This  village  was  situated  near  the  present  village 
of  Utica  in  LaSalle  County,  Illinois.  The  corn  being  securely  stored, 
the  voyagers  again  betook  themselves  to  the  stream,  and  toward  evening, 
on  the  4th  day  of  January,  1680,  they  came  into  a  lake  which  must  have 
been  the  lake  of  Peoria.  This  was  called  by  the  Indians  Pim-i-te-wi,  that 
is,  a  place  where  there  are  many  fat  beasts.  Here  the  natives  were  met 
with  in  large  numbers,  but  they  were  gentle  and  kind,  and  having  spent 
some  time  with  them,  LaSalle  determined  to  erect  another  fort  in  that 
place,  for  he  had  heard  rumors  that  some  of  the  adjoining  tribes  were 
trying  to  disturb  the  good  feeling  which  existed,  and  some  of  his  men 
were  disposed  to  complain,  owing  to  the  hardships  and  perils  of  the  travel. 
He  called  this  fort  "  Orevecoeur'"  (broken-heart),  a  name  expressive  of  the 
very  natural  sorrow  and  anxiety  which  the  pretty  certain  loss  of  his  ship, 
Griffin,  and  his  consequent  impoverishment,  the  danger  of  hostility  on  the 
part  of  the  Indians,  and  of  mutiny  among  his  own  men,  might  well  cause 
him.  His  fears  were  not  entirely  groundless.  At  one  time  poison  was 
placed  in,his  food,  but  fortunately  was  discovered. 

While  building  this  fort,  the  Winter  wore  away,  the  prairies  began  to 
look  green,  and  LaSalle,  despairing  of  any  reinforcements,  concluded  to 
return  to  Canada,  raise  new  means  and  new  men,  and  embark  anew  in 
the  enterprise.  For  this  purpose  he  made  Hennepin  the  leader  of  a  party 
to  explore  the  head  waters  of  the  Mississippi,  and  he  set  out  on  his  jour- 
ney. This  journey  was  accomplished  with  the  aid  of  a  few  persons,  and 
was  successfully  made,  though  over  an  almost  unknown  route,  and  in  a 
bad  season  of  the  year.  He  safely  reached  Canada,  and  set  out  again  for 
the  object  of  his  search. 

Hennepin  and  his  party  left  Fort  Crevecoeur  on  the  last  of  February, 
1680.  When  LaSalle  reached  this  place  on  his  return  expedition,  he 
found  the  fort  entirely  deserted,  and  he  was  obliged  to  return  again  to 
Canada.  He  embarked  the  third  time,  and  succeeded.  Seven  days  after 
leaving  the  fort,  Hennepin  reached  the  Mississippi,  and  paddling  up  the 
icy  stream  as  best  he  could,  reached  no  higher  than  the  Wisconsin  River 
by  the  11th  of  April.  Here  he  and  his  followers  were  taken  prisoners  by  a 
band  of  Northern  Indians,  who  treated  them  with  great  kindness.  Hen- 
nepin's comrades  were  Anthony  Auguel  and  Michael  Ako.  On  this  voy- 
age they  found  several  beautiful  lakes,  and  "  saw  some  charming  prairies." 
Their  captors  were  the  Isaute  or  Sauteurs,  Chippewas,  a  tribe  of  the  Sioux  - 
nation,  who  took  them  up  the  river  until  about  the  first  of  May,  when 
they  reached  some  falls,  which  Hennepin  christened  Falls  of  St.  Anthony 


THE   NORTHWEST  TERKITORY. 


2T 


in  honor  of  his  patron  saint.  Here  they  took  the  land,  and  traveling 
nearly  two  hundred  miles  to  the  northwest,  brought  them  to  their  villages. 
Here  they  were  kept  about  three  months,  were  treated  kindly  by  their 
captors,  and  at  the  end  of  that  time,  were  met  by  a  band  of  Frenchmeiij 


BUFFALO    HUNT. 

headed  by  one  Seur  de  Luth,  who,  in  pursuit  of  trade  and  game,  had  pene- 
trated thus  far  by  the  route  of  Lake  Superior ;  and  with  these  fellow- 
countrymen  Hennepin  and  his  companions  were  allowed  to  return  to  the 
borders  of  civilized  life  in  November,  1680,  just  after  LaSalle  had 
returned  to  the  wilderness  on  his  second  trip.  Hennepin  soon  after  went 
to  France,  where  he  published  an  account  of  his  adventures. 


28  THE   NOKTHWEST   TEEEITOET. 

The  Mississippi  was  first  discovered  by  De  Soto  in  April,  1541,  in  his 
vain  endeavor  to  find  gold  and  precioas  gems.  In  the  following  Spring, 
De  Soto,  weary  with  hope  long  deferred,  and  worn  out  with  his  wander- 
ings, he  fell  a  victim  to  disease,  and  on  the  21st  of  May  died.  His  followers, 
reduced  by  fatigue  and  disease  to  less  than  three  hundred  men,  wandered 
about  the  country  nearly  a  year,  in  the  vain  endeavor  to  rescue  them- 
selves by  land,  and  finally  constructed  seven  small  vessels,  called  brigan- 
tines,  in  which  they  embarked,  and  descending  the  river,  supposing  it 
would  lead  them  to  the  sea,  in  July  they  came  to  the  sea  (Gulf  of 
Mexico),  and  by  September  reached  the  Island  of  Cuba. 

They  were  the  first  to  see  the  great  outlet  of  the  Mississippi ;  but, 
being  so  weary  and  discouraged,  made  no  attempt  to  claim  the  country, 
and  hardly  had  an  intelligent  idea  of  what  they  had  passed    through. 

To  La  Salle,  the  intrepid  explorer,  belongs  the  honor  of  giving  the 
first  account  of  the  mouths  of  the  river.  His  great  desire  was  to  possess 
this  entire  country  for  his  king,  and  in  January,  1682,  he  and  his  band  of 
explorers  left  the  shores  of  Lake  Michigan  on  their  third  attempt,  crossed 
the  portage,  passed  down  the  Illinois  River,  and  on  the  6th  of  February, 
reached  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi. 

On  the  13th  they  commenced  their  downward  course,  which  they 
pursued  with  but  one  interruption,  until  upon  the  6th  of  March  they  dis- 
covered the  three  great  passages  by  which  the  river  discharges  its  waters 
into  the  gulf.     La  Salle  thus  narrates  the  event : 

"  We  landed  on  the  bank  of  the  most  western  channel,  about  three 
leagues  (nine  miles)  from  its  mouth.  On  the  seventh,  M.  de  LaSalle 
■went  to  reconnoiter  the  shores  of  the  neighboring  sea,  and  M.  de  Tonti 
meanwhile  examined  the  great  middle  channel.  They  found  the  main 
outlets  beautiful,  large  and  deep.  On  the  8th  we  reascended  the  river,  a 
little  above  its  confluence  with  the  sea,  to  find  a  dry  place  beyond  the 
refKih  of  inundations.  The  elevation  of  the  North  Pole  was  here  about 
twenty-seven  degrees.  Here  we  prepared  a  column  and  a  cross,  and  to 
the  column  were  affixed  the  arms  of  France  with  this  inscription : 

Louii  Le  Grand,  Roi  De  France  et  de  Navarre,  regne  ;  Le  neuvieme  Avril,  1682. 

The  whole  party,  tinder  arms,  chanted  the  te  Deum,  and  then,  after 
a  salute  and  cries  of  "Vive  le  Roi,"  the  column  was  erected  by  M.  de 
La  Salle,  who,  standing  near  it,  proclaimed  in  a  loud  voice  the  authority  of 
the  King  of  France.  LaSalle  returned  and  laid  the  foundations  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi settlements  in  lUinois,  thence  he  proceeded  to  France,  where 
another  expedition  was  fitted  out,  of  which  he  was  commander,  and  in  two 
succeeding  voyages  failed  to  find  the  outlet  of  the  river  by  sailing  along 
the  shore  of  the  gulf.     On  his  third  voyage  he  was  killed,  through  the 


THE   NORTHWEST   TEEETTOEY. 


29 


treacliery  of  his  followers,  and  the  object  of  his  expeditions  was  not 
accomplished  until  1699,  when  D'Iberville,  under  the  authority  of  the 
crown,  discovered,  on  the  second  of  March,  by  way  of  the  sea,  the  mouth 
of  the  "  Hidden  River."  This  majestic  stream  was  called  by  the  natives 
"  Malbouchia,"    and  by  the  Spaniards,  "  Za  Palissade,''  from  the  great 


tr^ 


TKAPPING. 

number  of  trees  about  its  mouth.  After  traversing  the  several  outlets, 
and  satisfying  himself  as  to  its  certainty,  he  erected  a  fort  near  its  western 
outlet,  and  returned  to  France. 

An  avenue  of  trade  was  now  opened  out  which  was  fully  improved. 
In  1718,  New  Orleans  was  laid  out  and  settled  by  some  European  colo- 
nists. In  1762,  the  colony  was  made  over  to  Spain,  to  be  regained  by 
France  under  the  consulate  of  Napoleon.     In  1803,  it  was   purchased  by 


30  THE   NORTHWEST   TBRKITOET. 

the  United  States  for  the  sum  of  fifteen  million  dollars,  and  the  territory 
of  Louisiana  and  commerce  of   the    Mississippi  River  came  under  the 
charge  of  the  United  States.     Although  LaSalle's  labors  ended  in  defeat 
and  death,  he  had  not  worked  and  suffered  in  vain.     He  had  thrown 
open  to  France  and  the  world  an  immense  and  most  valuable  country; 
had  established  several  ports,  and  laid  the  foundations  of  more  than  one 
settlement  there.     "  Peoria,  Kaskaskia  and  Cahokia,  are  to  this  day  monu- 
ments of  LaSalle's  labors ;  for,  though  he  had  founded  neither  of  them^ 
(unless  Peoria,  which  was  built  nearly  upon  the  site  of  Fort  Crevecceur,) 
it  was  by  those  whom  he   led  into  the  West  that  these  places  were 
peopled  and  civilized.     He  was,  if  not  the  discoverer,  the  first  settler  of 
the  Mississippi  Valley,  and  as  such  deserves  to  be  known  and  honored." 
The  French  early  improved  the  opening  made  for  them.     Before  the 
year  1698,  the  Rev.  Father  Gravier  began  a  mission  anlong  the  Illinois, 
and  founded  Kaskaskia.     For  some  time  this  was  merely  a  missionary 
station,  where  none  but  natives  resided,  it  being  one  of  three  such  vil- 
lages, the  other  two  being    Cahokia  and  Peoria.     What  is  known  of 
these  missions  is  learned  from  a  letter  written  by  Father  Gabriel  Marest, 
dated  "  Aux  Gascaskias,  autrement  dit  de  I'lmmaeulate  Conception  de 
la  Sainte  Vierge,  le  9  Novembre,  1712."      Soon  after  the  founding  of 
Kaskaskia,  the  missionary,  Pinet,  gathered  a  flock  at  Cahokia,   while 
Peoria  arose  near  the  ruins  of  Fort  Crevecoeur.     This  must  have  beea 
about  the  year  1700.      The  post  at  Vincennes  on  the  Oubache  river^ 
(pronounced  Wa-ba,  meaning  summer  cloud  moving  swiftly')  was  estab- 
lished in  1702,  according  to  the  best  authorities.*     It  is  altogether  prob- 
able that  on  LaSalle's  last  trip  he  established  the  stations  at  Kaskaskia. 
and   Cahokia.      In  July,   1701,  the   foundations  of  Fort   Ponchartrain. 
were  laid  by  De  la  Motte  Cadillac  on  the  Detroit  River.     These  sta- 
tions, with  those  established  further  north,  were  the  earliest  attempts  to 
occupy  the  Northwest  Territory.     At  the  same  time  efforts  were  being 
made  to  occupy  the  Southwest,  which  finally  culminated  in  the  settle- 
ment and  founding  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans  by  a  colony  from  England 
in"  1718.      This  was  mainly  accomplished  through    the  efforts   of  the 
famous  Mississippi  Company,  established  by  the  notorious   John   Law, 
who    so  quickly  arose  into  prominence  in  France,  and  who  with  his. 
scheme  so  quickly  and  so  ignominiously  passed  away. 

From  the  time  of  the  founding  of  these  stations  for  fifty  years  the 
French  nation  were  engrossed  with  the  settlement  of  the  lower  Missis- 
sippi, and  the  war  with  the  Chicasaws,  who  had,  in  revenge  for  repeated 

•  There  is  conslderaWe  dispute  about  this  date,  some  asserting  it  was  founded  as  late  as  1748  Wheu. 
the  new  court  house  at  Vincennes  was  erected,  all  authorities  on  the  subject  wore  carefully  examined  and. 
tl02  fixed  upon  as  the  correct  date.    It  was  accordingly  engraved  on  the  corner-stone  of  the  court  house  ' 


THE   NOKTHWEST   TEERITOEY.  31 

injuries,  cut  off  the  entire  colony  at  Natchez.  Although  the  company- 
did  little  for  Louisiana,  as  the  entire  "West  was  then  called,  yet  it  opened 
the  trade  through  the  Mississippi  River,  and  started  the  raising  of  grains 
indigenous  to  that  climate.  Until  the  year  1750,  but  little  is  known  of 
the  settlements  in  the  Northwest,  as  it  was  not  until  this  time  that  the 
attention  of  the  English  was  called  to  the  occupation  of  this  portion  of  the 
New  World,  which  they  then  supposed  they  owned.  Vivier,  a  missionary 
among  the  Illinois,  writing  from  "  Aux  Illinois,"  six  leagues  from  Fort 
Chartres,  June  8,  1750,  says:  "We  have  here  whites,  negroes  and 
Indians,  to  say  nothing  of  cross-breeds.  There  are  five  French  villages, 
and  three  villages  of  the  natives,  within  a  space  of  twenty-one  leagues 
situated  between  the  Mississippi  and  another  river  called  the  Karkadaid 
(Kaskaskias).  In  the  five  French  villages  are,  perhaps,  eleven  hundred 
whites,  three  hundred  blacks  and  some  sixty  red  slaves  or  savages.  The 
three  Illinois  towns  do  not  contain  more  than  eight  hundred  souls  all 
told.  Most  of  the  French  till  the  soil;  they  raise  wheat,  cattle,  pigs  and 
horses,  and  live  like  princes.  Three  times  as  much  is  produced  as  can 
be  consumed ;  and  great  quantities  of  grain  and  flour  are  sent  to  New 
Orleans."  This  city  was  now  the  seaport  town  of  the  Northwest,  and 
save  in  the  extreme  northern  part,  where  only  furs  and  copper  ore  were 
found,  almost  alljthe  products  of  the  country  found  their  way  to  France 
by  the  mouth  of  the  Father  of  Waters.  In  another  letter,  dated  Novem- 
ber 7,  1750,  this  same  priest  says:  "For  fifteen  leagues  above  the 
mouth  of  the  Mississippi  one  sees  no  dwellings,  the  ground  being  too  low- 
to  be  habitable.  Thence  to  New  Orleans,  the  lands  are  only  partially 
occupied.  New  Orleans  contains  black,  white  and  red,  not  more,  I 
think,  than  twelve  hundred  persons.  To  this  point  come  all  lumber, 
bricks,  salt-beef,  tallow,  tar,  skins  and  bear's  grease  ;  and  above  all,  pork 
and  flour  from  the  Illinois.  These  things  create  some  commerce,  as  forty 
vessels  and  more  have  come  hither  this  year.  Above  New  Orleans, 
plantations  are  again  met  with ;  the  most  considerable  is  a  colony  of 
Germans,  some  ten  leagues  up  the  river.  At  Point  Coupee,  thirty-five 
leagues  above  the  German  settlement,  is  a  fort.  Along  here,  withip  five 
or  six  leagues,  are  not  less  than  sixty  habitations.  Fifty  leagues  farther 
up  is  the  Natchez  post,  where  we  have  a  garrison,  who  are  kept  prisoners 
through  fear  of  the  Chickasaws.  Here  and  at  Point  Coupee,  they  raise 
excellent  tobacco.  Another  hundred  leagues  brings  us  to  the  Arkansas, 
where  we  have  also  a  fort  and  a  garrison  for  the  benefit  of  the  river 
traders.  *  *  *  From  the  Arkansas  to  the  Illinois,  nearly  five  hundred 
leagues,  there  is  not  a  settlement.  There  should  be,  however,  a  fort  at 
the  Oubache  (Ohio),  the  only  path  by  which  th^  English  can  reach  the 
Mississippi.     In  the  Illinois  country  are  numberless  mines,  but  no  one  to 


S2 


THE    NORTHWEST    TEEKITOEY. 


work  them  as  they  deserve."  Father  Marest,  writing  from  the  post  at 
Vincennesin  1812,  makes  the  same  observation.  Vivier  also  says  :  ''  borne 
individuals  dig  lead  near  the  surface  and  supply  the  Indians  and  Canada. 
Two  Spaniards  now  here,  who  claim  to  be  adepts,  say  that  our  mines  are 
like  those  of  Mexico,  and  that  if  we  would  dig  deeper,  we  should  find 
silver  under  the  lead  ;  and  at  any  rate  the  lead  is  excellent.  There  is  also 
in  this  country,  beyond  doubt,  copper  ore,  as  from  time  to  time  large 
pieces  are  found  in  the  streams." 


''^fiKWodf^^'- 


HXTNTING. 


At  the  close  of  the  year  1750,  the  French  occupied,  in  addition  to  the 
lower  Mississippi  posts  and  those  in  Illinois,  one  at  Du  Quesne,  one  at 
the  Maumee  in  the  country  of  the  Miamis,  and  one  at  Sandusky  in  what 
may  be  termed  the  Ohio  Valley.  In  the  northern  part  of  the  Northwest 
they  had  stations  at  St.  Joseph's  on  the  St.  Joseph's  of  Lake  Michigan, 
at  Fort  Ponchartiain  (Detroit),  at  Michillimackanac  or  Massillimacanac, 
Fox  River  of  Green  Bay,  and  at  Sault  Ste.  Marie.  The  fondest  dreams  of 
LaSalle  were  now  fully  realized.  The  French  alone  were  possessors  of 
this  vast  realm,  basing  their  claim  on  discovery  and  settlement.  Another 
nation,  however,  was  now  turning  its  attention  to  this  extensive  country^ 


THE   NORTHWEST   TEEEITOEY. 


S3 


and  hearing  of  its  wealth,  began  to  lay  plans  for  occupying  it  and  for 
securing  the  great  profits  arising  therefrom. 

The  French,  however,  had  another  claim  to  this  country,  namely,  tha 


DISCOVERY   OF   THE   OHIO. 

This  "  Beautiful "  river  was  discovered  by  Robert  Cavalier  de  La- 
Salle  in  1669,  four  years  before  the  discovery  of  the  Mississippi  by  Joliet 
and  Marquette. 

While  LaSalle  was  at  his  trading  post  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  he  found 
leisure  to  study  nine  Indian  dialects,  the  chief  of  which  was  the  Iroquois. 
He  not  only  desired  to  facilitate  his  intercourse  in  trade,  but  he  longed 
to  travel  and  explore  the  unknown  regions  of  the  West.  An  incident 
soon  occurred  which  decided  him  to  fit  out  an  exploring  expedition. 
While  conversing  with  some  Senecas,  he  learned  of  a  river  called  the 
Ohio,  which  rose  in  their  country  and  flowed  to  the  sea,  but  at  such  a, 
distance  that  it  required  eight  months  to  reach  its  mouth.  In  this  state- 
ment the  Mississippi  and  its  tributaries  were  considered  as  one  stream.. 
LaSalle  believing,  as  most  of  the  French  at  that  period  did,  that  the  great, 
rivers  flowing  west  emptied  into  the  Sea  of  California,  was  anxious  to 
embark  in  the  enterprise  of  discovering  a  route  across  the  continent  to- 
the  commerce  of  China  and  Japan. 

He  repaired  at  once  to  Quebec  to  obtain  the  approval  of  the  Gov- 
ernor. His  eloquent  appeal  prevailed.  The  Governor  and  the  Intendant,. 
Talon,  issued  letters  patent  authorizing  the  enterprise,  but  made  no  pro- 
vision to  defray  the  expenses.  At  this  juncture  the  seminary  of  St.  Sul- 
pice  decided  to  send  out  missionaries  in  connection  with  the  expedition, 
and  LaSalle  offering  to  sell  his  improvements  at  LaChine  to  raise  money,, 
the  offer  was  accepted  by  the  Superior,  and  two  thousand  eight  hundred 
dollars  were  raised,  with  which  LaSalle  purchased  four  canoes  and  the 
necessary  supplies  for  the  outfit. 

On  the  6th  of  July,  1669,  the  party,  numbering  twenty-four  persons, 
embarked  in  seven  canoes  on  the  St.  Lawrence ;  two  additional  canoes 
carried  the  Indian  guides.  In  three  days  they  were  gliding  over  the 
bosom  of  Lake  Ontario.  Their  guides  conducted  them  directly  to  the 
Seneca  village  on  the  bank  of  the  Genese'e,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  present 
City  of  Rochester,  New  York.  Here  they  expected  to  procure  guides  to 
conduct  them  to  the  Ohio,  but  in  this  they  were  disappointed. 

The  Indians  seemed  unfriendly  to  the  enterprise.  LaSalle  suspected 
that  the  Jesuits  had  prejudiced  their  minds  against  his  plans.  After 
waiting  a  month  in  the  hope  of  gaining  their  object,  they  met  an  Indian 


84 


THE  NORTHWEST  TEREITOBY. 


from  the  Iroquois  colony  at  the  head  of  Lake  Ontario,  who  assured  them 
that  they  could  there  find  guides,  and  offered  to  conduct  them  thence. 

On  their  way  they  passed  the  mouth  of  the  Niagara  River,  when  they 
heard  for  the  first  time  the  distant  thunder  of  the  cataract.     Arriving 


'-5=. 


among  the  Iroquois,  they  met  with  a  friendly  reception,  and  learned 
trom  a  Shawanee  prisoner  that  they  could  reach  the  Ohio  in  six  weeks 
Dehghted  with  the  unexpected  good  fortune,  they  made  ready  to  resume 
their  journey;  but  just  as  they  were  about  to  start  they  heard  of  the 
arrival  of  two  Frenchmen  in  a  neighboring  village.  One  of  them  proved  • 
to  be  Louis  Joliet,  afterwards  famous  as  an  explorer  in  the  West     He 


com N^' GROVE  TR 


THE  NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  35 

had  been  sent  by  the  Canadian  Government  to  explore  the  copper  mines 
on  Lake  Superior,  but  had  failed,  and  was  on  his  way  back  to  Quebec. 
He  gave  the  missionaries  a  map  of  the  country  he  had  explored  in  the 
lake  region,  together  with  an  account  of  the  condition  of  the  Indians  in 
that  quarter.  This  induced  the  priests  to  determine  on  leaving  the 
expedition  and  going  to  Lake  Superior.  LaSalle  warned  them  that  the 
Jesuits  were  probably  occupying  that  field,  and  that  they  would  meet 
with  a  cold  reception.  Nevertheless  they  persisted  in  their  purpose,  and 
after  worship  on  the  lake  shore,  parted  from  LaSalle.  On  arriving  at 
Lake  Superior,  they  found,  as  LaSalle  had  predicted,  the  Jesuit  Fathers, 
Marquette  and  Dablon,  occupying  the  field. 

These  zealous  disciples  of  Loyola  informed  them  that  they  wanted 
no  assistance  from  St.  Sulpice,  nor  from  those  who  made  him  their  patron 
saint ;  and  thus  repulsed,  they  returned  to  Montreal  the  following  June 
without  having  made  a  single  discovery  or  converted  a  single  Indian. 

After  parting  with  the  priests,  LaSalle  went  to  the  chief  Iroquois 
village  at  Onondaga,  where  he  obtained  guides,  and  passing  thence  to  a 
tributary  of  the  Ohio  south  of  Lake  Erie,  he  descended  the  latter  as  far 
as  the  falls  at  Louisville.  Thus  was  the  Ohio  discovered  by  LaSalle,  the 
persevering  and  successful  French  explorer  of  the  West,  in  1669. 

The  account  of  the  latter  part  of  his  journey  is  found  in  an  anony- 
mous paper,  which  purports  to  have  been  taken  from  the  lips  of  LaSalle 
himself  during  a  subsequent  visit  to  Paris.  In  a  letter  written  to  Count 
Frontenac  in  1667,  shortly  after  the  discovery,  he  himself  says  that  he 
discovered  the  Ohio  and  descended  it  to  the  falls.  This  was  regarded  as 
an  indisputable  fact  by  the  French  authorities,  who  claimed  the  Ohio 
Valley  upon  another  ground.  When  Washington  was  sent  by  the  colony 
of  Virginia  in  1753,  to  demand  of  Gordeur  de  St.  Pierre  why  the  French 
had  built  a  fort  on  the  Monongahela,  the  haughty  commandant  at  Quebec 
replied :  "  We  claim  the  country  on  the  Ohio  by  virtue  of  the  discoveries 
ef  LaSalle,  and  will  not  give  it  up  to  the  English.  Our  orders  are  to 
make  prisoners  of  every  Englishman  found  trading  in  the  Ohio  Valley." 


ENGLISH  EXPLORATIONS  AND  SETTLEMENTS. 

When  the  new  year  of  1750  broke  in  upon  the  Father  of  Waters 
and  the  Great  Northwest,  all  was  still  wild  save  at  the  French  posts 
already  described.  In  1749,  when  the  English  first  began  to  think  seri- 
ously about. sending  men  into  the  West,  the  greater  portion  of  the  States 
of  Indiana,  Ohio,  Illinois,  Michigan,  Wisconsin,  and  Minnesota  were  yet 
under  the  dominion  of  the  red  men.    The  English  knew,  however,  pretty 


86  THE   NORTHWEST   TEERITORT. 

conclusively  of  the  nature  of  the  wealth  of  these  wilds.  As  early  as 
1710,  Governor  Spotswood,  of  Virginia,  had  commenced  movements  to 
secure  the  country  west  of  the  AUeghenies  to  the  English  crown.  In 
Pennsylvania,  Governor  Keith  and  James  Logan,  secretary  of  the  prov- 
ince, from  1719  to  1731,  represented  to  the  powers  of  England  the  neces- 
sity of  securing  the  Western  lands.  Nothing  was  done,  however,  by  that 
power  save  to  take  some  diplomatic  steps  to  secure  the  claims  of  Britain 
to  this  unexplored  wilderness. 

England  had  from  the  outset  claimed  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific, 
on  the  ground  that  the  discovery  of  the  seacoast  and  its  possession  was  a 
discovery  and  possession  of  the  country,  and,  as  is  well  known,  her  grants 
to  the  colonies  extended  "  from  sea  to  sea."  This  was  not  all  her  claim. 
She  had  purchased  from  the  Indian  tribes  large  tracts  of  land.  This  lat- 
ter was  also  a  strong  argument.  As  early  as  1684,  Lord  H  oward,  Gov- 
ernor of  Virginia,  held  a  treaty  with  the  six  nations.  These  were  the 
great  Northern  Confederacy,  and  comprised  at  first  the  Mohawks,  Onei- 
das,  Onondagas,  Cayugas,  and  Senecas.  Afterward  the  Tuscaroras  were 
taken  into  the  confederacy,  and  it  became  known  as  the  Six  Nations. 
They  came  under  the  protection  of  the  mother  country,  and  again  in 
1701,  they  repeated  the  agreement,  and  in  September,  1726,  a  formal  deed 
was  drawn  up  and  signed  by  the  chiefs.  The  validity  of  this  claim  has 
often  been  disputed,  but  never  successfully.  In  1744,  a  purchase  was 
made  at  Lancaster,  Pennsylvania,  of  certain  lands  within  the  "  Colony  of 
Virginia,"  for  which  the  Indians  received  £200  in  gold  and  a  like  sum  in 
goods,  with  a  promise  that,  as  settlements  increased,  more  should  be  paid. 
The  Commissioners  from  Virginia  were  Colonel  Thomas  Lee  and  Colonel 
William  Beverly.  As  settlements  extended,  the  promise  of  more  pay  was 
called  to  mind,  and  Mr.  Conrad  Weiser  was  sent  across  the  mountains  with 
presents  to  appease  the  savages.  Col.  Lee,  and  some  Virginians  accompa- 
nied him  with  the  intention  of  sounding  the  Indians  upon  their  feelings 
regarding  the  English.  They  were  not  satisfied  with  their  treatment, 
and  plainly  told  the  Commissioners  why.  The  English  did  not  desire  the 
cultivation  of  the  country,  but  the  monopoly  of  the  Indian  trade.  In 
1748,  the  Ohio  Company  was  formed,  and  petitioned  the  king  for  a  grant 
of  land  beyond  the  AUeghenies.  This  was  granted,  and  the  government 
of  Virginia  was  ordered  to  grant  to  them  a  half  million  acres,  two  hun- 
dred thousand  of  which  were  to  be  located  at  once.  Upon  the  12th  of 
June,  1749,  800,000  acres  from  the  line  of  Canada  north  and  west  was 
made  to  the  Loyal  Company,  and  on  the  29th  of  October,  1751,  100,000 
acres  were  given  to  the  Greenbriar  Company.  All  this  time  the  French 
were  not  idle.  They  saw  that,  should  the  British  gain  a  foothold  in  the 
West,  especially  upon  the  Ohio,  they  might  not  only  prevent  the  French 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERKITOEY.' 


37 


settling  upon  it,  but  in  time  would  come  to  the  lower  posts  and  so  gain 
possession  of  the  whole  country.     Upon   the  10th  of  May,  1774,  Vaud- 
reuil,  Governor  of  Canada  and  the  French  possessions,  well  knowing  the 
consequences  that  must  arise  from  allowing  the  English  to  build  trading 
posts  in  the  Northwest,  seized  some  of  their  frontier  posts,  and  to  further 
secure  the  claim  of  the  French  to  the  West,  he,  in  1749,  sent  Louis  Cel- 
eron with  a  party  of  soldiers  to  plant  along  the  Ohio  River,  in  the  mounds 
and  at  the  mouths  of  its  principal  tributaries,  plates  of  lead,  on  which 
were  inscribed  the  elaims  of  France.     These  were  heard  of  in  1752,  and 
within  the  memory   of  residents  now  living  along  the   "  Oyo,"  as  the 
beautiful  river  was  called  by  the  French.     One  of  these  plates  was  found 
with  the  inscription  partly  defaced.     It  bears  date  August  16,  1749,  and 
a  copy  of  ^he  inscription  with  particular  account  of  the  discovery  of  the 
plate,  was  sent  by  DeWitt  Clinton  to  the  American  Antiquarian  Society, 
among  wliose  journals  it  may  now  be  found.*     These  measures  did  not, 
however,  deter  the  English  from  going  on  with  their  explorations,  and' 
though  neither  party  resorted  to  arms,  yet  the  conflict  was  gathering,  and 
it  was  only  a  question  of  time  when  the  storm  would  burst  upon   the 
frontier  settlements.     In  1750,  Christopher  Gist  was  sent  by  the  Ohio 
Company  to  examine  its  lands.     He  went  to  a  village  of  the  Twigtwees, 
on  the  Miami,  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles  above  its  mouth.     He 
afterward  spoke  of  it  as  very  populous.     From  there  he  went  down 
the  Ohio  River  nearly  to  the  falls  at  the  present  City  of  Louisville, 
and  in  November  he  commenced  a  survey  of  the  Company's  lands.     Dur- 
ing the  Winter,  General  Andrew  Lewis  performed  a  similar  work  for  the 
Greenbriar  Company.     Meanwhile  the  French  were  busy  in  preparing 
their  forts  for  defense,  and  in  opening  roads,  and  also  sent  a  small  party 
of  soldiers  to  keep  the  Ohio  clear.     This  party,  having  heard  of  the  Eng- 
lish post  on  the  Miami  River,  early  in  1652,  assisted  by  the  Ottawas  and 
Chippewas,  attacked  it,  and,  after  a  severe  battle,  in  which  fourteen  of 
the   natives  were   killed   and   others  wounded,    captured  the  garrison. 
(They  were  probably  garrisoned  in  a  block  house).  '  The  traders  were 
carried  away  to  Canada,  and  one  account  says  several  were  burned.    This 
fort  or  post  was  called  by  the  English  Pickawillany.     A  memorial  of  the 
king's  ministers  refers  to  it  as  "  Pickawillanes,  in  the  center  of  the  terri- 
tory between  the  Ohio  and  the  Wabash.     The  naine  is  probably  some 
variation  of  Pickaway  or  Picqua  in  1773,  written  by  Rev.  David  Jones 
Pickaweke." 

*  The  following  Is  a  translation  of  the  inscription  on  the  plate;  "In  the  year  1749.  reign  of  Louis  XV., 
King  of  France,  we,  Celeron,  commandant  of  a  detachment  by  Monsieur  the  Marquis  of  Gallisoniere,  com- 
mander-in-chief of  New  France,  to  establish  tranquility  in  certain  Indian  villages  of  these  cantons,  have 
buried  this  plate  at  the  confluence  of  the  Toradakoin,  this  twenty-  ninth  of  July,  near  the  river  Ohio,  otherwise 
Beautiful  Biver,  as  a  monument  of  renewal  of  possession  which  we  have  talcen  of  the  said  river,  and  all  its 
tributaries;  inasmuch  as  the  preceding  Kings  of  France  have  enjoyed  it,  and  maintained  it  by  their  arms  and 
treaties;  especially  by  those  of  Byswick,  Utrecbt,  and  Alx  La  Cbapelle." 


38  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITOEi;. 

This  was  the  first  blood  shed  between  the  French  and  English,  and 
occurred  near  the  present  City  of  Piqua,  Ohio,  or  at  least  at  a  point  about 
forty-seven  miles  north  of  Dayton.  Each  nation  became  now  more  inter- 
ested in  the  progress  of  events  in  the  Northwest.  The  English  deter- 
mined to  purchase  from  the  Indians  a  title  to  the  lands  they  wished  to 
occupy,  and  Messrs.  Fry  (afterward  Commander-in-chief  over  Washing- 
ton at  the  commencement  of  the  French  War  of  1775-1763),  Lomaxand 
Patton  were  sent  in  the  Spring  of  1752  to  hold  a  conference  with  the 
natives  at  Logstown  to  learn  what  they  objected  to  in  the  treaty  of  Lan- 
caster already  noticed,  and  to  settle  all  difficulties.  On  the  9th  of  June, 
these  Commissioners  met  the  red  men  at  Logstown,  a  little  village  on  the 
north  bank  of  the  Ohio,  about  seventeen  miles  below  the  site  of  Pitts- 
burgh. Here  had  been  a  trading  point  for  many  years,  but  it  was  aban- 
doned by  the  Indians  in  1750.  At  first  the  Indians  declined  to  recognize 
the  treaty  of  Lancaster,  but,  the  Commissioners  taking  aside  Montour, 
the  interpreter,  who  was  a  son  of  the  famous  Catharine  Montour,  and  a 
chief  among  the  six  nations,  induced  him  to  use  his  influence  in  their 
favor.  This  he  did,  and  upon  the  13th  of  June  they  all  united  in  signing 
a  deed,  confirming  the  Lancaster  treaty  in  its  full  extent,  consenting  to  a 
settlement  of  the  southeast  of  the  Ohio,  and  guaranteeing  that  it  should 
not  be  disturbed  by  them.  These  were  the  means  used  to  obtain  the  first 
treaty  with  the  Indians  in  the  Ohio  Valley. 

Meanwhile  the  powers  beyond  the  sea  were  trying  to  out-manceuvre 
each  other,  and  were  professing  to  be  at  peace.  The  English  generally 
outwitted  the  Indians,  and  failed  in  many  instances  to  fulfill  their  con- 
tracts. They  thereby  gained  the  ill-will  of  the  red  men,  and  further 
increased  the  feeling  by  failing  to  provide  them  with  arms  and  ammuni- 
tion. Said  an  old  chief,  at  Easton,  in  1758 :  "  The  Indians  on  the  Ohio 
left  you  because  of  your  own  fault.  When  we  heard  the  French  were 
coming,  we  asked  you  for  help  and  arms,  but  we  did  not  get  them.  The 
'  French  came,  they  treated  us  kindly,  and  gained  our  affections.  The 
Governor  of  Virginia  settled  on  our  lands  for  his  own  benefit,  and,  when 
we  wanted  help,  forsook  us." 

At  the  beginning  of  1653,  the  English  thought  they  had  secured  by 
title  the  lands  in  the  West,  but  the  French  had  quietly  gathered  cannon 
and  military  stores  to  be  in  readiness  for  the  expected  blow.  The  Eng- 
lish made  other  attenipts  to  ratify  these  existing  treaties,  but  not  until 
the  Summer  could  the  Indians  be  gathered  together  to  discuss  the  plans 
of  the  French.  They  had  sent  messages  to  the  French,  warning  them 
away  ;  but  they  replied  that  they  intended  to  complete  the  chain  of  forts 
already  begun,  and  would  not  abandon  the  field. 

Soon  after  this,  no  satisfaction  being  obtained  from  ^he  Ohio  regard- 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  39 

ing  the  positions  and  purposes  of  the  French,  Governor  Dinwiddie  of 
Virginia  determined  to  send  to  them  another  messenger  and  learn  from 
them,  if  possible,  their  intentions.     For  this  purpose  he  selected  a  young 
man,  a  surveyor,  who,  at  the  early  age  of  nineteen,  had  received  the  rank 
of  major,  and  who  was  thoroughly  posted  regarding  frontier  life.     This 
personage  was  no  other  than  the  illustrious  George  Washington,  who  then 
held  considerable  interest  in  Western  lands.     He  was  at  this  time  just 
twenty-two  years  of  age.     Taking  Gist  as  his  guide,  the  two,  accompanied 
by  four   servitors,  set   out  on   their   perilous  march.     They  left  Will's 
Creek  on  the  10th  of  November,  1753,  and  on  the  22d  reached  the  Monon- 
gahela,   about    ten   miles  above  the   fork.     From   there  they   went   to 
Logstown,  where  Washington  had  a  long  conference  with  the  chiefs  of 
the  Six  Nations.     From  them  he  learned  the  condition  of  the  French,  and 
also  heard  of  their  determination  not  to  come  down  the  river  till  the  fol- 
lowing Spring.     The  Indians  were  non-committal,  as  they  were  afraid  to 
turn  either  way,  and,  as  far  as  they  could,  desired  to  remain  neutral. 
Washington,  finding   nothing  could  be   done  with    them,  went  on   to 
Venango,  an  old  Indian  town  at  the  mouth  of  French  Creek.     Here  the 
French  had  a  fort,  called  Fort  Machault.     Through  the  rum  and  flattery 
of  the  French,  he  nearly  lost  all  his  Indian  followers.     Finding   nothing 
of  importance  here,  he  pursued  his  way  amid  great  privations,  and  on  the 
11th  of  December  reached  the  fort  at  the  head  of  French  Creek.     Here 
he  delivered  Governor  Dinwiddle's  letter,  received  his  answer,  took  his 
observations,  and  on  the  16th  set  out  upon  his  return  journey  with  no  one 
but  Gist,  his  guide,  and  a  few  Indians  who  still  remained  true  to  him, 
notwithstanding  the  endeavors  of  the  French   to  retain   them.     Their 
homeward  journey  was  one  of  great  peril  and  suffering  from  the  cold,  yet 
they  reached  home  in  safety  on  the  6th  of  January,  1754. 

From  the  letter  of  St.  Pierre,  commander  of  the  French  fort,  sent  by 
Washington  to  Governor  Dinwiddie,  it  was  learned  that  the  French  would 
not  give  up  without  a  struggle.  Active  preparations  were  at  once  made 
in  all  the  English  colonies  for  the  coming  conflict,  while  the  French 
finished  the  fort  at  Venango  and  strengthened  their  lines  of  fortifications, 
and  gathered  their  forces  to  be  in  readiness. 

The  Old  Dominion  was  all  alise.  Virginia  was  the  center  of  great 
activities ;  volunteers  were  called  for,  and  from  all  the  neighboring 
colonies  men  rallied'to  the  conflict,  and  everywhere  along  the  Potomac 
men  were  enlisting  under  the  Governor's  proclamation— which  promised 
two  hundred  thousand  acres  on  the  Ohio.  Along  this  river  they  were 
gathering  as  far  as  Will's  Creek,  and  far  beyond  this  point,  whither  Trent 
had  come  for  assistance  for  his  little  band  of  forty-one  men,  who  were 


40  THE   NORTHWEST   TEERITOEY. 

working  away  in  hunger  and  want,  to  fortify  that  point  at  the  fork  of 
the  Ohio,  to  which  both  parties  were  looking  with  deep  interest. 

"  The  first  birds  of  Spring  filled  the  air  with  their  song ;  the  swift 
river  rolled  by  the  Allegheny  hillsides,  swollen  by  the  melting  snows  of 
Spring  and  the  April  showers.  The  leaves  were  appearing  ;  a  few  Indian 
scouts  were  seen,  but  no  enemy  seemed  near  at  hand ;  and  all  was  so  quiet, 
that  Frazier,  an  old  Indian  scout  and  trader,  who  had  been  left  by  Trent 
in  command,  ventured  to  his  home  at  the  mouth  of  Turtle  Creek,  ten 
miles  up  the  Monongahela.  But,  though  all  was  so  quiet  in  that  wilder- 
ness, keen  eyes  had  seen  the  low  intrenchment  rising  at  the  fork,  and 
swift  feet  had  borne  the  news  of  it  up  the  river ;  and  upon  /the  morning 
of  the  17th  of  April,  Ensign  Ward,  who  then  had  charge  of  it,  saw 
upon  the  Allegheny  a  sight  that  made  his  heart  sink — sixty  batteaux  and 
three  hundred  canoes  filled  with  men,  and  laden  deep  with  cannon  and 
stores.  *  *  *  That  evening  he  supped  with  his  captor,  Contrecoeur, 
and  the  next  day  he  was  bowed  off  by  the  Frenchman,  and  with  his  men 
and  tools,  marched  up  the  Monongahela." 

The  French  and  Indian  war  had  begun.  The  treaty  of  Aix  la 
Chapelle,  in  1748,  had  left  the  boundaries  between  the  French  and 
English  possessions  unsettled,  and  the  events  already  narrated  show  the 
French  were  determined  to  hold  the  country  watered  by  the  Mississippi 
and  its  tributaries  ;  while  the  English  laid  claims  to  the  country  by  virtue 
of  the  discoveries  of  the  Cabots,  and  claimed  all  the  country  from  New- 
foundland to  Florida,  extending  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific.  The 
first  decisive  blow  had  now  been  struck,  and  the  first  attempt  of  the 
English,  through  the  Ohio  Company,  to  occupy  these  lands,  had  resulted 
disastrously  to  them.  The  French  and  Indians  immediately  completed 
the  fortifications  begun  at  the  Fork,  which  they  had  so  easily  captured, 
and  when  completed  gave  to  the  fort  the  name  of  DuQuesne.  Washing- 
ton was  at  Will's  Creek  when  the  Jiews  of  the  capture  of  the  fort  arrived. 
He  at  once  departed  to  recapture  it.  On  his  way  he  entrenched  him- 
self at  a  place  called  the  "  Meadows,"  where  he  erected  a  fort  called 
by  him  Fort  Necessity.  From  there  he  surprised  and  captured  a  force  of 
French  and  Indians  marching  against  him,  but  was  soon  after  attacked 
in  his  fort  by  a  much  superior  force,  and  was  obliged  to  yield  on  the 
morning  of  July  4th.     He  was  allowed  to  return  to  Virginia. 

The  English  Government  immediately  planned  four  campaigns ;  one 
against  Fort  DuQuesne  ;  one  against  Nova  Scotia ;  one  against  Fort 
Niagara,  and  one  against  Crown  Point.  These  occurred  during  1755-6, 
and  were  not  successful  in  driving  the  French  from  their  possessions. 
The  expedition  against  Fort  DuQuesne  was  led  by  the  famous  General 
Braddock,  who,  refusing  to  listen  to  the  advice  of  Washington  and  those 


THE  NORTHWEST  TEEEITORT.  41 

acquainted  with  Indian  warfare,  suffered  such  an  inglorious  defeat.  This 
occurred  on  the  morning  of  July  9th,  and  is  generally  known  as  the  battle 
of  Monongahela,  or  "  Braddock's  Defeat."  The  war  continued  with 
various  vicissitudes  through  the  years  1756-7  ;  when,  at  the  commence- 
ment of  1758,  in  accordance  with  the  plans  of  William  Pitt,  then  Secre- 
tary of  State,  afterwards  Lord  Chatham,  active  preparations  were  made  to 
carry  on  the  war.  Three  expeditious  were  planned  for  this  year :  one, 
under  General  Amherst,  against  Louisburg  ;  another,  under  A.bercrombie, 
against  Fort  Ticonderoga  ;  and  a  third,  under  General  Forbes,  against 
Fort  DuQuesne.  On  the  26th  of  July,  Louisburg  surrendered  after  a 
desperate  resistance  of  more  than  forty  days,  and  the  eastern  part  of  the 
Canadian  possessions  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  British.  Abercrombie 
captured  Fort  Frontenac,  and  when  the  expedition  against  Fort  DuQuesne, 
of  which  Washington  had  the  active  command,  arrived  there,  it  was 
found  in  flames  and  deserted.  The  English  at  once  took  possession, 
rebuilt  the  fort,  and  in  honor  of  their  illustrious  statesman,  changed  the 
name  to  Fort  Pitt. 

The  great  object  of  the  campaign  of  1759,  was  the  reduction  of 
Canada.  General  Wolfe  was  to  lay  siege  to  Quebec ;  Amherst  was  to 
reduce  Ticonderoga  and  Crown  Point,  and  General  Prideaux  was  to 
capture  Niagara.  This  latter  place  was  taken  in  July,  but  the  gallant 
Prideaux  lost  his  life  in  the  attempt.  Amherst  captured  Ticonderoga 
and  Crown  Point  without  a  blow  ;  and  Wolfe,  after  making  the  memor- 
able ascent  to  the  Plains  of  Abraham,  on  September  lith,  defeated 
Montcalm,  and  on  the  18th,  the  city  capitulated.  In  this  engagement 
Montcolm  and  Wolfe  both  lost  their  lives.  De  Levi,  Montcalm's  successor, 
marched  to  Sillery,  three  miles  above  the  city,  with  the  purpose  of 
defeating  the  English,  and  there,  on  the  28th  of  the  following  April,  was 
fought  one  of  the  bloodiest  battles  of  the  French  and  Indian  War.  It 
resulted  in  the  defeat  of  the  French,  and  the  fall  of  the  City  of  Montreal. 
The  Governor  signed  a  capitulation  by  which  the  whole  of  Canada  was 
surrendered  to  the  English.  This  practically  concluded  the  war,  but  it 
was  not  until  1763  that  the  treaties  of  peace  between  France  and  England 
were  signed.  This  was  done  on  the  10th  of  February  of  that  year,  and 
under  its  provisions  all  the  country  east  of  the  Mississippi  and  north  of 
the  Iberville  Hiver,  in  Louisiana,  were  ceded  to  England.  At  the  same 
time  Spain  ceded  Florida  to  Great  Britain. 

On  the  13th  of  September,  1760,  Major  Robert  Rogers  was  sent 
from  Montreal  to  take  charge  of  Detroit,  the  only  remaining  French  post 
in  the  territory.  He  arrived  there  on  the  19th  of  November,  and  sum- 
moned the  place  to  surrender.  At  first  the  commander  of  the  post, 
Beletre-  refused,  but  on  the  29th,  hearing  of  the  continued  defeat  of  the 


42  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITOKY. 

French  arms,  surrendered.  Rogers  remained  there  until  December  23d 
under  the  personal  protection  of  the  celebrated  chief,  Pontiac,  to  whom, 
no  doubt,  he  owed  his  safety.  Pontiac  had  come  here  to  inquire  the 
purposes  of  the  English  in  taking  possession  of  the  country.  He  was 
assured  that  they  came  simply  to  trade  with  the  natives,  and  did  not 
desire  their  country.  This  answer  conciliated  the  savages,  and  did  much 
to  insure  the  safety  of  Rogers  and  his  party  during  their  stay,  and  while 
on  their  journey  home. 

Rogers  set  out  for  Fort  Pitt  on  December  23,  and  was  just  one 
month  on  the  way.  His  route  was  from  Detroit  to  Maumee,  thence 
across  the  present  State  of  Ohio  directly  to  the  fort.  This  was  the  com- 
mon trail  of  the  Indians  in  their  journeys  from  Sandusky  to  the  fork  of 
the  Ohio.  It  went  from  Fort  Sandusky,  where  Sandusky  City  now  is, 
crossed  the  Huron  river,  then  called  Bald  Eagle  Creek,  to  "  Mohickon 
John's  Town"  on  Mohickon  Creek,  the  northern  branch  of  White 
Woman's  River,  and  thence  crossed  to  Beaver's  Town,  a  Delaware  town 
on  what  is  now  Sandy  Creek.  At  Beaver's  Town  were  probably  one 
hundred  and  fifty  warriors,  and  not  less  than  three  thousand  acres  of 
cleared  land.  From  there  the  track  went  up  Sandy  Creek  to  and  across 
Big  Beaver,  and  up  the  Ohio  to  Logstown,  thence  on  to  the  fork. 

The  Northwest  Territory  was  now  entirely  under  the  English  rule. 
New  settlements  began  to  be  rapidly  made,  and  the  promise  of  a  large 
trade  was  speedily  manifested.  Had  the  British  carried  out  their  promises 
with  the  natives  none  of  those  savage  butcheries  would  have  been  perpe- 
trated, and  the  country  would  have  been  spared  their  recital. 

The  renowned  chief,  Pontiac,  was  one  of  the  leading  spirits  in  these 
atrocities.  We  will  now  pause  in  our  narrative,  and  notice  the  leading 
events  in  his  life.  The  earliest  authentic  information  regarding  this 
noted  Indian  chief  is  learned  from  an  account  of  an  Indian  trader  named 
Alexander  Henry,  who,  in  the  Spring  of  1761,  penetrated  his  domains  as 
far  as  Missillimacnac.  Pontiac  was  then  a  great  friend  of  the  French, 
but  a  bitter  foe  of  the  English,  whom  he  considered  as  encroaching  on  his 
hunting  grounds.  Henry  was  obliged  to  disguise  himself  as  a  Canadian 
to  insure  safety,  but  was  discovered  by  Pontiac,  who  bitterly  reproached 
him  and  the  English  for  their  attempted  subjugation  of  the  West.  He 
declared  that  no  treaty  had  been  made  with  them ;  no  presents  sent 
them,  and  that  he  would  resent  any  possession  of  the  West  by  that  nation. 
He  was  at  the  time  about  fifty  years  of  age,  tall  and  dignified,  and  was 
civil  and  military  ruler  of  the  Ottawas,  Ojibwas  and  Pottawatamies. 

The  Indians,  from  Lake  Michigan  to  the  borders  of  North  Carolina, 
were  united  in  this  feeling,  and  at  the  time  of  the  treaty  of  Paris,  ratified 
February  10,  1763,  a   general  conspiracy  was  formed  to  fall  suddenly 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERKITOEY. 


13 


N'.'X     ^ 


PONTIAC,  THE  OTTAWA  CHIEFTAIN. 


44  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITOEY. 

upon  the  frontier  British  posts,  and  with  one  blow  strike  every  man  dead. 
Pontiac  was  the  marked  leader  in  all  this,  and  was  the  commander 
of  the  Chippewas,  Ottawas,  Wyandots,  Miamis,  Shawanese,  Delawares 
and  Mingoes,  who  had,  for  the  time,  laid  aside  their  local  quarrels  to  unite 
in  this  enterprise. 

The  blow  came,  as  near  as  can  now  be  ascertained,  on  May  7,  176-^. 
Nine  British  posts  fell,  and  the  Indians  drank,  "  scooped  up  in  the  hollow 
of  joined  hands,"  the  blood  of  many  a  Briton. 

Pontiac's  immediate  field  of  action  was  the  garrison  at  Detroit. 
Here,  however,  the  planS  were  frustrated  by  an  Indian  woman  disclosing 
the  plot  the  evening  previous  to  his  arrival.  Everything  was  carried  out, 
however,  according  to  Pontiac's  plans  until  the  moment  of  action,  when 
Major  Gladwyn,  the  commander  of  the  post,  stepping  to  one  of  the  Indian 
chiefs,  suddenly  drew  aside  his  blanket  and  disclosed  the  concealed 
musket.  Pontiac,  though  a  brave  man,  turned  pale  and  trembled.  He 
saw  his  plan  was  known,  and  that  the  garrison  were  prepared.  He 
endeavored  to  exculpate  himself  from  any  such  intentions ;  but  the  guilt 
was  evident,  and  he  and  his  followers  were  dismissed  with  a  severe 
reprimand,  and  warned  never  to  again  enter  the  walls  of  the  post. 

Pontiac  at  once  laid  siege  to  the  fort,  and  until  the  treaty  of  peace 
between  the  British  and  the  Western  Indians,  concluded  in  August,  1764, 
continued  to  harass  and  besiege  the  fortress.  He  organized  a  regular 
commissariat  department,  issued  bills  of  credit  written  out  on  bark, 
which,  to  his  credit,  it  may  be  stated,  were  punctually  redeemed.  At 
the  cCinclusion  of  the  treaty,  in  which  it  seems  he  took  no  part,  he  went 
further  south,  living  many  years  among  the  Illinois. 

He  had  given  up  all  hope  of  saving  his  country  and  race.  After  a 
time  he  endeavored  to  unite  the  Illinois  tribe  and  those  about  St.  Louis 
in  a  war  with  the  whites.  His  efforts  were  fruitless,  and  only  ended  in  a 
quarrel  between  himself  and  some  Kaskaskia  Indians,  one  of  whom  soon 
afterwards  killed  him.  His  death  was,  however,  avenged  by  the  northern 
Indians,  who  nearly  exterminated  the  Illinois  in  the  wars  which  followed. 

Had  it  not  been  for  the  treachery  of  a  few  of  his  followers,  his  plan 
for  the  extermination  of  the  whites,  a  masterly  one,  would  undoubtedly 
have  been  carried  out. 

It  was  in  the  Spring  of  the  year  following  Rogers'  visit  that  Alex- 
ander Henry  went  to  Missillimacnac,  and  everywhere  found  the  strongest 
feelings  against  the  English,  who  had  not  carried  out  their  promises,  and 
were  doing  nothing  to  conciliate  the  natives.  Here  he  met  the  chief, 
Pontiac,  who,  after  conveying  to  him  in  a  speech  the  idea  that  their 
French  father  would  awake  soon  and  utterly  destroy  his  enemies,  said: 
»'  Englishman,  although  you  have  conquered  the  French,  you  have  not 


THE  NORTHWEST   TEREITOEY.  45 

yet  conquered  us  !  We  are  not  your  slaves !  These  lakes,  these  woods, 
these  mountains,  were  left  us  by  our  ancestors.  They  are  our  inheritance, 
and  we  will  part  with  them  to  none.  Your  nation  supposes  that  we,  like 
the  white  people,  can  not  live  without  bread  and  pork  and  beef.  But  you 
ought  to  know  that  He,  the  Great  Spirit  and  Master  of  Life,  has  provided 
food  for  us  upon  these  broad  lakes  and  in  these  mountains." 

He  then  .spoke  of  the  fact  that  no  treaty  had  been  made  with  them, 
no  presents  sent  them,  and  that  he  and  his  people  were  yet  for  war. 
Such  were  the  feelings  of  the  Northwestern  Indians  immediately  after 
the  English  took  possession  of  their  country.  These  feelings  were  no 
doubt  encouraged  by  the  Canadians  and  French,  who  hoped  that  yet  the 
French  arms  might  prevail.  The  treaty  of  Paris,  however,  gave  to  the 
English  the  right  to  this  vast  domain,  and  active  preparations  were  going 
on  to  occupy  it  and  enjoy  its  trade  and  emoluments. 

In  1762,  France,  by  a  secret  treaty,  ceded  Louisiana  to  Spain,  to  pre- 
vent it  falling  into  the  hands  of  the  English,  who  were  becoming  masters 
of  the  entire  West.  The  next  year  the  treaty  of  Paris,  signed  at  Fon- 
tainbleau,  gave  to  the  English  the  domain  of  the  country  in  question. 
Twenty  years  after,  by  the  treaty  of  peace  between  the  United  States 
and  England,  that  part  of  Canada  lying  south  and  west  of  the  Great 
Lakes,  comprehending  a  large  territory  which  is  the  subject  of  these 
sketches,  was  ^.cknowledged  to  be  a  portion  of  the  United  States ;  and 
twenty  years  still  later,  in  1803,  Louisiana  was  ceded  by  Spain  back  to 
France,  and  by>France  sold  to  the  United  States. 

In  the  half  century,  from  the  building  of  the  Fort  of  Crevecoeur  by 
LaSalle,  in  1680,  up  to  the  erection  of  Fort  Chartres,  many  French  set- 
tlements had  been  made  in  that  quarter.  These  have  already  been 
noticed,  being  thpse  at  St.  Vincent  (Vincennes),  Kohokia  or  Cahokia, 
Kaskaskia  and  Prairie  du  Rocher,  on  the  American  Bottom,  a  large  tract 
of  rich  alluvial  soil  in  Illinois,  on  the  Mississippi,  opposite  the  site  of  St. 

Louis. 

By  the  treaty  of  Paris,  the  regions  east  of  the  Mississippi,  including 
all  these  and  other  towns  of  the  Northwest,  were  given  over  to  England; 
but  they  do  not  appear  to  have  been  taken  possession  of  until  1765,  when 
Captain  Stirling,  in  the  name  of  the  Majesty  of  England,  established  him- 
self at  Fort  Chartres  bearing  with  him  the  proclamation  of  General  Gage, 
dated  December  30,  1764,  which  promised  religious  freedom  to  all  Cath- 
olics who  worshiped  here,  and  a  right  to  leave  the  country  with  their 
effects  if  they  wished,  or  to  remain  with  the  privileges  of  Englishmen. 
It  was  shortly  after  the  occupancy  of  the  West  by  the  British  that  the 
war  with  Pontiac  opened.  It"  is  already  noticed  in  the  sketch  of  that 
chieftain.     By  it  many  a  Briton  lost  his  life,  and  many  a  frontier  settle- 


46  THE   NORTHWEST   TEEBITOEY. 

ment  in  its  infancy  ceased  to  exist.  This  was  not  ended  until  the  year 
1764,  when,  failing  to  capture  Detroit,  Niagara  and  Fort  Pitt,  his  confed- 
eracy became  disheartened,  and,  receiving  no  aid  from  the  French,  Pon- 
tiac  abandoned  the  enterprise  and  departed  to  the  Illinois,  among  whom 
he  afterward  lost  his  life. 

As  soon  as  these  difficulties  were  definitely  settled,  settlers  began 
rapidly  to  survey  the  country  and  prepare  for  occupation.  During  the 
year  1770,  a  number  of  persons  from  Virginia  and  other  British  provinces 
explored  and  marked  out  nearly  all  the  valuable  lands  on  the  Mononga- 
hela  and  along  the  banks  of  the  Ohio  as  far  as  the  Little  Kanawha.  This 
was  followed  by  another  exploring  expedition,  in  which  George  Washing- 
ton was  a  party.  The  latter,  accompanied  by  Dr.  Craik,  Capt.  Crawford 
and  others,  on  the  20th  of  October,  1770,  descended  the  Ohio  from  Pitts- 
burgh to  the  mouth  of  the  Kanawha ;  ascended  that  stream  about  fourteen 
miles,  marked  out  several  large  tracts  of  land,  sTiot  several  buffalo,  which 
were  then  abundant  in  the  Ohio  Valley,  and  returned  to  the  fort. 

Pittsburgh  was  at  this  time  a  trading  post,  about  which  was  clus- 
tered a  village  of  some  twenty  houses,  inhabited  by  Indian  traders.  This 
same  year,  Capt.  Pittman  visited  Kaskaskia  and  its  neighboring  villages. 
He  found  there  about  sixty-five  resident  families,  and  at  Cahokia  only 
forty-five  dwellings.  At  Fort  Chartres  was  another  small  settlement,  and 
at  Detroit  the  garrison  were  quite  prosperous  and  strong.  For  a  year 
or  two  settlers  continued  to  locate  near  some  of  these  posts,  generally 
Fort  Pitt  or  Detroit,  owing  to  the  fears  of  the  Indians,  who  still  main- 
tained some  feelings  of  hatred  to  the  English.  The  trade  from  the  posts 
was  quite  good,  and  from  those  in  Illinois  large  quantities  of  pork  and 
flour  found  their  way  to  the  New  Orleans  market.  At  this  time  the 
policy  of  the  British  Government  was  strongly  opposed  to  the  extension 
of  the  colonies  west.  In  1763,  the  King  of  England  forbade,  by  royal 
proclamation,  his  colonial  subjects  from  making  a  settlement  beyond  the 
sources  of  the  rivers  which  fall  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  At  the  instance 
of  the  Board  of  Trade,  measures  were  taken  to  prevent  the  settlement 
without  the  limits  prescribed,  and  to  retain  the  commerce  within  easy 
reach  of  Great  Britain. 

The  commander-in-chief  of  the  king's  forces  wrote  in  1769  :  "  In  the 
course  of  a  few  years  necessity  will  compel  the  colonists,  should  they 
extend  their  settlements  west,  to  provide  manufactures  of  some  kind  for 
themselves,  and  when  all  connection  upheld  by  commerce  with  the  mother 
country  ceases,  an  independency  in  their  government  will  soon  follow." 

In  accordance  with  this  policy.  Gov.  Gage  issued  a  proclamation 
in  1772,  commanding  the  inhabitants  of  Vincennes  to  abandon  their  set- 
tlements and  join  some  of  the  Eastern  English  colonies.     To  this  they 


THE  NOKTHWEST   TBREITORY.  47 

Strenuously  objected,  giving  good  reasons  therefor,  and  were  allowed  to 
remain.  The  strong  opposition  to  this  policy  of  Great  Britain  led  to  its 
change,  and  to  such  a  course  as  to  gain  the  attachment  of  the  French 
population.  In  December,  1773,  influential  citizens  of  Quebec  petitioned 
the  king  for  an  extension  of  the  boundary  lines  of  that  province,  which 
was  granted,  and  Parliament  passed  an  act  on  June  2,  1774,  extend- 
ing the  boundary  so  as  to  include  the  territory  lying  within  the  present 
States  of  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois  and  Michigan. 

In  consequence  of  the  liberal  policy  pursued  by  the  British  Govern- 
ment toward  the  French  settlers  in  the  "West,  they  were  disposed  to  favor 
that  nation  in  the  war  which  soon  followed  with  the  colonies ;  but  the 
early  alliance  between  France  and  America  soon  brought  them  to  the  side 
of  the  war  for  independence. 

In  1774,  Gov.  Dunmore,  of  Virginia,  began  to  encourage  emigration 
to  the  Western  lands.  He  appointed  magistrates  at  Fort  Pitt  under  the 
pretense  that  the  fort  was  under  the  government  of  that  commonwealth. 
One  of  these  justices,  John  Connelly,  who  possessed  a  tract  of  land  in  the 
Ohio  Valley,  gathered  a  force  of  men  and  garrisoned  the  fort,  calling  it 
Fort  Dunmore.  This  and  other  parties  were  formed  to  select  sites  for 
settlements,  and  often  came  in  conflict  with  the  Indians,  who  yet  claimed 
portions  of  the  valley,  and  several  battles  followed.  These  ended  in  the 
famous  battle  of  Kanawha  in  July,  where  the  Indians  Were  defeated  and 
driven  across  the  Ohio. 

During  the  years  1775  and  1776,  by  the  operations  of  land  companies 
and  the  perseverance  of  individuals,  several  settlements  were  firmly  estab- 
lished between  the  Alleghanies  and  the  Ohio  River,  and  western  land 
speculators  were  busy  in  Illinois  and  on  the  Wabash.     At  a  council  held 
in  Kaskaskia  on  July  5,  1773,  an  association  of  English  traders,  calling 
themselves  the  "  Illinois  Land  Company,"  obtained  from  ten  chiefs  of  the 
Kaskaskia,  Cahokia  and  Peoria  tribes  two  large  tracts  of  land  lying  on 
the  east  side  of  the  Mississippi  River  south  of  the  Illinois.    In  1775,  a  mer- 
chant from  the  Illinois  Country,  named  Viviat,  came  to  Post  Vincennes 
as  the  agent  of  the  association  called  the  "  Wabash  Land  Company."  On 
the  8th  of  October  he  obtained  from  eleven  Piankeshaw  chiefs,  a  deed  for 
37,497,6Q0  acres  of  land.     This  deed  was  signed  by  the  grantors,  attested 
by  a  number  of  the  inhabitants  of  Vincennes,  and  afterward  recorded  in 
the  office  of  a  notary  public  at  Kaskaskia.     This  and  other  land  com- 
panies had  extensive  schemes  for  the  colonization  of  the  West;  but  all 
were  frustrated  by  the  breaking  out  of  the  Revolution.     On  the  20th  of 
April,  1780,  the  two  companies  named  consolidated  under  the  name  of  the 
"  United  Illinois  and  Wabash  Land  Company."     They  afterward  made 


48  THE  NORTHWEST  TEBBITORY. 

Strenuous  efforts  to  have  these  grants  sanctioned  by  Congress,  but  all 
signally  failed. 

When  the  War  of  the  Revolution  commenced,  Kentucky  was  an  unor- 
ganized country,  though  there  were  several  settlements  within  her  borders. 

In  Hutchins'  Topography  of  Virginia,  it  is  stated  that  a,t  that  time 
"  Kaskaskia  contained  80  houses,  and  nearly  1,000  white  and  black  in- 
habitants—  the  whites  being  a  little  the  more  numerous.  Cahokia  con- 
tains 50  houses  and  300  white  inhabitants,  and  80  negroes.  There  were 
east  of  the  Mississippi  River,  about  the  year  1771  " — when  these  observa- 
tions were  made  — "  300  white  men  capable  of  bearing  arms,  and  230 
negroes." 

From  1775  until  the  expedition  of  Clark,  nothing  is  recorded  and 
nothing  known  of  these  settlements,  save  what  is  contained  in  a  report 
made  by  a  committee  to  Congress  in  June,  1778.  From  it  the  following 
extract  is  made : 

"Near  the  mouth  of  the  River  Kaskaskia,  there  is  a  village  which 
appears  to  have  contained  nearly  eighty  families  from  the  beginning  of 
the  late  revolution.  There  are  twelve  families  in  a  small  village  at  la 
Prairie  du  Rochers,  and  near  fifty  families  at  the  Kahokia  Village.  There 
are  also  four  or  five  families  at  Fort  Chartres  and  St.  Philips,  which  is  five 
miles  further  up  the  river." 

St.  Louis  had  been  settled  in  February,  1764,  and  at  this  time  con- 
tained, including  its  neighboring  towns,  over  six  hundred  whites  and  one 
hundred  and  fifty  negroes.  It  must  be  remembered  that  all  the  country 
west  of  the  Mississippi  was  now  under  French  rule,  and  remained  so  until 
ceded  again  to  Spain,  its  original  owner,  who  afterwards  sold  it  and  the 
country  including  New  Orleans  to  the  United  States.  At  Detroit  there 
were,  according  to  Capt.  Carver,  who  was  in  the  Northwest  from  1766  to 
1768,  more  than  one  hundred  houses,  and  the  river  was  settled  for  more 
than  twenty  miles,  although  poorly  cultivated — the  people  being  engaged 
in  the  Indian  trade.  This  old  town  has  a  history,  which  we  will  here 
relate. 

It  is  the  oldest  town  in  the  Northwest,  having  been  founded  by 
Antoine  de  Lamotte  Cadillac,  in  1701.  It  was  laid  out  in  the  form  of  an 
oblong  square,  of  two  acres  in  length,  and  an  acre  and  a  half  in  width. 
As  described  by  A.  D.  Frazer,  who  first  visited  it  and  became  a  permanent 
resident  of  the  place,  in  1778,  it  comprised  within  its  limits  that  space 
between  Mr.  Palmer's  storfe  (Conant  Block)  and  Capt.  Perkins'  house 
(near  the  Arsenal  building),  and  extended  back  as  far  as  the  public  barn, 
and  was  bordered  in  front  by  the  Detroit  River.  It  was  surrounded  by 
oak  and  cedar  pickets,  about  fifteen  feet  long,  set  in  the  ground,  and  had 
four  gates  —  east,  west,  north  and  south.     Over  the  first  three  of  thes» 


THE  NORTHWEST   TEEEITOEY.  (I^ 

gates  were  block  houses  provided  with  four  guns  apiece,  each  a  six- 
pounder.  Two  six-gun  batteries  were  planted  fronting  the  river  and  in  a 
parallel  direction  with  the  block  houses.  There  were  four  streets  running 
east  and  west,  the  main  street  being  twenty  feet  wide  and  the  rest  fifteen 
feet,  while  the  four  streets  crossing  these  at  right  angles  were  from  ten 
to  fifteen  feet  in  width. 

At  the  date  spoken  of  by  Mr.  Frazer,  there  was  no  fort  within  the 
enclosure,  but  a  citadel  on  the  ground  corresponding  to  the  present 
northwest  corner  of  Jefferson  Avenue  and  Wayne  Street.  The  citadel  was 
inclosed,  by  pickets,  and  within  it  were  erected  barracks  of  wood,  two 
stories  high,  suflBcient  to  contain  ten  oflBcers,  and  also  barracks  sufficient 
to  contain  four  hundred  men,  and  a  provision  store  built  of  brick.  The 
citadel  also  contained  a  hospital  and  guard-house.  The  old  town  of 
Detroit,  in  1778,  contained  about  sixty  houses,  most  of  them  one  story, 
with  a  few  a  story  and  a  half  in  height.  They  were  all  of  logs,  some 
hewn  and  some  round.  There  was  one  building  of  splendid  appearance, 
called  the  "  King's  Palace,"  two  stories  high,  which  stood  near  the  east 
gate.  It  was  built  for  Governor  Hamilton,  the  first  governor  commissioned 
by  the  British.  There  were  two  guard-houses,  one  near  the  west  gate  and 
the  other  near  the  Government  House.  Each  of  the  guards  consisted  of 
twenty-four  men  and  a  subaltern,  who  mounted  regularly  every  morning 
between  nine  and  ten  o'clock.  Each  furnished  four  sentinels,  who  were 
reheved  every  two  hours.  There  was  also  an  officer  of  the  ,day,  who  per- 
formed strict  duty.  Each  of  the  gates  was  shut  regularly  at  sunset ; 
even  wicket  gates  were  shut  at  nine  o'clock,  and  all  the  keys  were 
delivered  into  the  hands  of  the  commanding  officer.  They  were  opened 
in  the  morning  at  sunrise.  No  Indian  or  squaw  was  permitted  to  enter 
town  with  any  weapon,  such  as  a  tomahawk  or  a  knife.  It  was  a  stand- 
ing order  that  the  Indians  should  deliver  their  arms  and  instruments  of 
every  kind  before  they  were  permitted  to  pass  the  sentinel,  and  they  were 
restored  to  them  on  their  return.  No  more  than  twenty-five  Indians  were 
allowed  to  enter  the  town  at  any  one  time,  and  they  were  admitted  only 
at  the  east  and  west  gates.  At  sundown  the  drums  beat,  and  all  the 
Indians  were  required  to  leave  town  instantly.  There  was  a  council  house 
near  the  water  side  for  the  purpose  of  holding  council  with  the  Indians. 
The  population  of  the  town  was  about  sixty  families,  in  all  about  two 
hundred  males  and  one  hundred  females.  This  town  was  destroyed  by 
fire,  all  except  one  dwelling,  in  1805.  After  which  the  present  "  new  " 
town  was  laid  out. 

On  the  breaking  out  of  the  Revolution,  the  British  held  every  post  of 
importance  in  the  West.  Kentucky  was  formed  as  a  component  part  of 
Virginia,  and  the  sturdy  •  pioneers  of  the  West,  alive  to  their  interests, 


60  THE   NORTHWEST   TBBEITOEY. 

and  recognizing  the  great  benefits  of  obtaining  the  control  of  the  trade  in 
this  part  of  the  New  World,  held  steadily  to  their  purposes,  and  those 
within  the  commonwealth  of  Kentucky    proceeded   to    exercise   their 
civil    privileges,     by     electing   John    Todd    and     Richard     Gallaway, 
burgesses    to    represent  them   in  the   Assembly   of    the   parent   state. 
Early  in   September    of  that  year    (1777)  the    first    court    was   held 
in  Harrodsburg,  and  Col.  Bowman,  afterwards  major,  who  had  arrived 
in  August,  was  made  the  commander  of  a  militia  organization  which 
had  been  commenced  the  March  previous.     Thus  the  tree  of  loyalty 
was  growing.     The  chief  spirit  in  this  far-out  colony,  who  had  represented 
her  the  year  previous  east  of  the  mountains,  was  now  meditating  a  move 
unequaled  in  its  boldness.     He  had  been  watching  the  movements  of  the 
British  throughout  the  Northwest,  and  understood  their  whole  plan.     Ht. 
saw  it  was  through  their  possession  of  the  posts  at  Detroit,  Vincennes, 
Kaskaskia,  and  other  places,  which  would  give  them  constant  and  easy 
access  to  the  various  Indian  tribes  iii  the  Northwest,  that  the  British 
intended  to  penetrate  the  country  from  the  north  and  south,  and  annihi- 
late the  frontier  fortresses.     This  moving,  energetic  man  was  Colonel, 
afterwards  General,  George  Rogers  Clark.    He  knew  the  Indians  were  not 
unanimously  in  accord  with  the  English,  and  he  was  convinced  that,  could 
the  British  be  defeated  and  expelled  from  the  Northwest,  the  natives 
might  be  easily  awed  into  neutrality ;    and  by  spies  sent  for  the  purpose, 
he  satisfied  himself  that  the  enterprise  against  the  Illinois  settlements 
might  easily  succeed.     Having  convinced  himself  of  the  certainty  of  the 
project,  he  repaired  to  the  Capital  of  Virginia,  which  place  he  reached  on 
November  5th.     "While  he  was  on  his  way,  fortunately,  on  October  17th, 
Burgoyne  had  been  defeated,  and  the  spirits  of  the  colonists  greatly 
encouraged  thereby.     Patrick  Henry  was  Governor  of  Virginia,  and  at 
once  entered  heartily  into  Clark's  plans.     The  same  plan  had  before  been 
agitated  in  the  Colonial  Assemblies,  but  there  was  no  one  until  Clark 
came  who  was  sufficiently  acquainted  with  the  condition  of  affairs  at  the 
scene  of  action  to  be  able  to  guide  them. 

Clark,  having  satisfied  the  Virginia  leaders  of  the  feasibility  of  his 
plan,  received,  on  the  2d  of  January,  two  sets  of  instructions — one  secret, 
the  other  open  —  the  latter  authorized  him  to  proceed  to  enlist  seven 
companies  to  go  to  Kentucky,  subject  to  his  orders,  and  to  serve  three 
months  from  their  arrival  in  the  West.  The  secret  order  authorized  him 
to  arm  these  troops,  to  procure  his  powder  and  lead  of  General  Hand 
at  Pittsburgh,  and  to  proceed  at  once  to  subjugate  the  country. 

With  these  instructions  Clark  repaired  to  Pittsburgh,  choosing  rather 
to  raise  his  men  west  of  the  mountains,  as  he  well  knew  all  were  needed 
in  the  colonies  in  the  conflict  there.     He  sent  Col.  W,  B.  Smith  to  Hoi- 


DELH 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITOBY.  51 

ston  for  the  same  purpose,  but  neither  succeeded  in  raising  the  required 
number  of  men.  The  settlers  in  these  parts  were  afraid  to  leave  their 
own  firesides  exposed  to  a  vigilant  foe,  and  but  few  could  be  induced  to 
join  the  proposed  expedition.  With  three  companies  and  several  private 
volunteers,  Clark  at-length  commenced  his  descent  of  the  Ohio,  which  he 
navigated  as  far  as  the  Falls,  where  he  took  possession  of  and  fortified 
Corn  Island,  a  small  island  between  the  present  Cities  of  Louisville, 
Kentucky,  and  New  Albany,  Indiana.  Remains  of  this  fortification  may 
yet  be  found.  At  this  place  he  appointed  Col.  Bowman  to  meet  him 
with  such  recruits  as  had  reached  Kentucky  by  the  southern  route,  and 
as  many  as  could  be  spared  from  the  station.  Here  he  announced  to 
the  men  their  real  destination.  Having  completed  his  arrangements, 
and  chosen  his  party,  he  left  a  small  garrison  upon  the  island,  and  on  the 
24th  of  June,  during  a  total  eclipse  of  the  sun,  which  to  them  augured 
no  good,  and  which  fixes  beyond  dispute  the  date  of  starting,  he  with 
his  chosen  band,  fell  down  the  river.  His  plan  was  to  go  by  water  as 
far  as  Fort  Massac  or  Massacre,  and  thence  march  direct  to  Kaskaskia. 
Here  he  intended  to  surprise  the  garrison,  and  after  its  capture  go  to 
Cahokia,  then  to  Vincennes,  and  lastly  to  Detroit.  Should  he  fail,  he 
intended  to  march  directly  to  the  Mississippi  River  and  cross  it  into  the 
Spanish  country.  Before  his  start  he  received  two  good  items  of  infor- 
mation :  one  that  the  alliance  had  been  formed  between  France  and  the 
United  States ;  and  the  other  that  the  Indians  throughout  the  Illinois 
country  and  the  inhabitants,  at  the  various  frontier  posts,  had  been  led  to 
believe  by  the  British  that  the  "  Long  Knives  "  or  Virginians,  were  the 
most  fierce,  bloodthirsty  and  cruel  savages  that  ever  scalped  a  foe.  With 
this  impression  on  their  minds,  Clark  saw  that  proper  management  would 
cause  them  to  submit  at  once  from  fear,  if  surprised,  and  then  from  grati- 
tude would  become  friendly  if  treated  with  unexpected  leniency. 

The  march  to  Kaskaskia  was  accomplished  through  a  hot  July  sun, 
and  the  town  reached  on  the  evening  of  July  4.  He  captured  the  fort 
near  the  village,  and  soon  after  the  village  itself  by  surprise,  and  without 
the  loss  of  a  single  man  or  hj  killing  any  of  the  enemy.  After  sufficiently 
working  upon  the  fears  of  the  natives,  Clark  told  them  they  were  at  per- 
fect liberty  to  worship  as  they  pleased,  and  to  take  whichever  side  of  the 
great  conflict  they  would,  also  he  would  protect  them  from  any  barbarity 
from  British  or  Indian  foe.  This  had  the  desired  effect,  and  the  inhab- 
itants, so  unexpectedly  and  so  gratefully  surprised  by  the  unlocked 
for  turn  of  affairs,  at  once  swore  allegiance  to  the  American  arms,  and 
when  Clark  desired  to  go  to  Cahokia  on  the  6th  of  July,  they  accom- 
panied him,  and  through  their  influence  the  inhabitants  of  the  place 
surrendered,  and  gladly  placed  themselves  under  his  protection.     Thus 


52  THE  NORTHWEST  TEKRITORY. 

the  two  important  posts  in  Illinois  passed  from  the  hands  of  the  English 
into  the  possession  of  Virginia. 

In  the  person  of  the  priest  at  Kaskaskia,  M.  Gibault,  Clark  found  a 
powerful  ally  and  generous  friend.  Clark  saw  that,  to  retain  possession 
of  the  Northwest  and  treat  successfully  with  the  Indians  within  its  boun- 
daries, he  must  establish  a  government  for  the  colonies  he  had  taken. 
St.  Vincent,  the  next  important  post  to  Detroit, remained  yet  to  be  taken 
before  the  Mississippi  Valley  was  conquered.  ~  M.  Gibault  told  him  that 
he  would  alone,  by  persuasion,  lead  Vincennes  to  throw  off  its  connection 
with  England.  Clark  gladly  accepted  his  offer,  and  on  the  14th  of  July, 
in  company  with  a  fellow-townsman,  M.  Gibault  started  on  his  mission  of 
peace,  and  on  the  1st  of  August  returned  with  the  cheerful  intelligence 
that  the  post  on  the  "  Oubache  "  had  taken  the  oath  of  allegiance  to 
the  Old  Dominion.  During  this  interval,  Clark  established  his  courts, 
placed  garrisons  at  Kaskaskia  and  Cahokia,  successfully  re-enlisted  his 
men,  sent  word  to  have  a  fort,  which  proved  the  germ  of  Louisville, 
erected  at  the  Falls  of  the  Ohio,  and  dispatched  Mr.  Rocheblave,  who 
had  been  commander  at  Kaskaskia,  as  a  prisoner  of  war  to  Richmond. 
In  October  the  County  of  Illinois  was  established  by  the  Legislature 
of  Virginia,  John  Todd  appointed  Lieutenant  Colonel  and  Civil  Governor, 
and  in  November  General  Clark  and  his  men  received  the  thanks  of 
the  Old  Dominion  through  their  Legislature. 

In  a  speech  a  few  days  afterward,  Clark  made  known  fully  to  the 
natives  his  plans,  and  at  its  close  all  came  forward  and  swore  alle- 
giance to  the  Long  Knives.  While  he  was  doing  this  Governor  Hamilton, 
having  made  his  various  arrangements,  had  left  Detroit  and  moved  down 
the  Wabash  to  Vincennes  intending  to  operate  from  that  point  in  reducing 
the  Illinois  posts,  and  then  proceed  on  down  to  Kentucky  and  drive  the 
rebels  from  the  West.  .Gen.  Clark  had,  on  the  return  of  M.  Gibault, 
dispatched  Captain  Helm,  of  Fauquier  County,  Virginia,  with  an  attend- 
ant named  Henry,  across  the  Illinois  prairies  to  command  the  fort. 
Hamilton  knew  nothing  of  the  capitulation  of  the  post,  and  was  greatly 
surprised  on  his  arrival  to  be  confronted  by  Capt.  Helm,  who,  standing  at 
the  entrance  of  the  fort  by  a  loaded  cannon  ready  to  fire  upon  his  assail- 
ants, demanded  upon  what  terms  Hamilton  demanded  possession  of  tha 
fort.  Being  granted  the  rights  of  a  prisoner  of  war,  he  surrendered  to 
the  British  General,  who  could  scarcely  believe  his  eyes  when  he  saw  the 
force  in  the  garrison. 

Hamilton,  not  realizing  the  character  of  the  men  with  whom  he  was 
contending,  gave  up  his  intended  campaign  for  the  Winter,  sent  his  four 
hundred  Indian  warriors  to  prevent  troops  from  coming  down  the  Ohio, 


THE   NOETHWEST   TBREITOEY.  53 

and  to  annoy  the  Americans  in  all  ways,  and  sat  quietly  down  to  pass  the 
Winter.  Information  of  all  these  proceedings  having  reached  Clark,  he 
saw  that  immediate  and  decisive  action  was  necessary;  and  that  unless 
he  captured  Hamilton,  Hamilton  would  capture  him.  Clark  received  the 
news  on  the  29th  of  January,  1779,  and  on  February  4th,  having  suffi- 
ciently garrisoned  Kaskaskia  and  Cahokia,  he  sent  down  the  Mississippi 
a  "  battoe,"  as  Major  Bowman  writes  it,  in  order  to  ascend  the  Ohio  and 
Wabash,  and  operate  with  the  land  forces  gathering  for  the  fray. 

On  the  next  day,  Clark,  with  his  little  force  of  one  hundred  and 
twenty  men,  set  out  for  the  post,  and  after  incredible  hard  marching 
through  much  mud,  the  ground  being  thawed  by  the  incessant  spring 
rains,  on  the  22d  reached  the  fort,  and  being  joined  by  his  "  battoe,"  at 
once  commenced  the  attack  on  the  post.  The  aim  of  the  American  back- 
woodsman was  unerring,  and  on  the  24th  the  garrison  surrendered  to  the 
intrepid  boldness  of  Clark.  The  French  were  treated  with  great  kind- 
ness, and  gladly  renewed  their  allegiance  to  Virginia.  Hamilton  was 
sent  as  a  prisoner  to  Virginia,  where  he  was  kept  in  close  confinement. 
During  his  command  of  the  British  frontier  posts,  he  had  offered  prizes 
to  the  Indians  for  all  the  scalps  of  Americans  they  would  bring  to  him, 
and  had  earned  in  consequence  thereof  the  title  "  Hair-buyer  General," 
by  which  he  was  ever  afterward  known. 

Detroit  was  now  without  doubt  within  easy  reach  of  the  enterprising 
Virginian,  could  he  but  raise  the  necessary  force.  Governor  Henry  being 
apprised  of  this,  promised  him  the  needed  reinforcement,  and  Clark  con- 
cluded to  wait  until  he  could  capture  and  sufficiently  garrison  the  posts. 
Had  Clark  failed  in  this  bold  undertaking,  and  Hamilton  succeeded  in 
uniting  the  western  Indians  for  the  next  Spring's  campaign,  the  West 
would  indeed  have  been  swept  from  the  Mississippi  to  the  Allegheny 
Mountains,  and  the  great  blow  struck,  which  had  been  contemplated  from 
the  commencement,  by  the  British. 

"  But  for  this  small  army  of  dripping,  but  fearless  Virginians,  the 
union  of  all  the  tribes  from  Georgia  to  Maine  against  the  colonies  might 
have  been  effected,  and  the  whole  current  of  our  history  changed." 

At  this  time  some  fears  were  entertained  by  the  Colonial  Govern- 
ments that  the  Indians  in  the  North  and  Northwest  were  inclining  to  the 
British,  and  under  the  instructions  of  Washington,  now  Commander-in- 
Chief  of  the  Colonial  army,  and  so  bravely  fighting  for  American  inde-  • 
pendence,  armed  forces  were  sent  against  the  Six  Nations,  and  upon  the 
Ohio  frontier,  Col.  Bowman,  acting  under  the  same  general's  orders, 
marched  against  Indians  within  the  present  limits  of  that  State.  These 
expeditions  were  in  the  main  successful,  and  the  Indians  were  compelled 
to  sue  for  peace. 


64  THE  NORTHWEST   TEKKITOKY. 

During  this  same  year  (1779)  the  famous  "Land  Laws"  of  Virginia 
were  passed.  The  passage  of  these  laws  was  of  more  consequence  to  the 
pioneers  of  Kentucky  and  the  Northwest  than  the  gaining  of  a  few  ludiaa 
conflicts.  These  laws  confirmed  in  main  all  grants  made,  and  guaranteed 
to  all  actual  settlers  their  rights  and  privileges.  After  providing  for  the 
settlers,  the  laws  provided  for  selling  the  balance  of  the  public  lands  at 
forty  cents  per  acre.  To  carry  the  Land  Laws  into  effect,  the  Legislature 
sent  four  Virginians  westward  to  attend  to  the  various  claims,  over  many 
of  which  great  confusion  prevailed  concerning  their  validity.  These 
gentlemen  opened  their  court  on  October  13,  1779,  at  St.  Asaphs,  and 
continued  until  April  26,  1780,  when  they  adjourned,  having  decided 
three  thousand  claims.  They  were  succeeded  by  the  surveyor,  who 
came  in  the  person  of  Mr.  George  May,  and  assumed  his  duties  on  the 
10th  day  of  the  month  whose  name  he  bore.  With  the  opening  of  the 
next  year  (1780)  the  troubles  concerning  the  navigation  of  the  Missis- 
sippi commenced.  The  Spanish  Government  exacte'd  such  measures  in 
relation  to  its  trade  as  to  cause  the  overtures  made  to  the  United  States 
to  be  rejected.  The  American  Government  considered  they  had  a  right 
to  navigate  its  channel.  To  enforce  their  claims,  a  fort  was  erected  below 
the  mouth  of  the  Ohio  on  the  Kentucky  side  of  the  river.  The  settle- 
ments in  Kentucky  were  being  rapidly  filled  by  emigrants.  It  was  dur- 
ing this  year  that  the  first  seminary  of  learning  was  established  in  the 
West  in  this  young  and  enterprising  Commonwealth. 

The  settlers  here  did  not  look  upon  the  building  of  this  fort  in  a 
friendly  manner,  as  it  aroused  the  hostility  of  the  Indians.  Spain  had 
been  friendly  to  the  Colonies  during  their  struggle  for  independence, 
and  though  for  a  while  this  friendship  appeared  in  danger  from  the 
refusal  of  the  free  navigation  of  the  river,  yet  it  was  finally  settled  to  the 
satisfaction  of  both  nations. 

The  Winter  of  1779-80  was  one  of  the  most  unusually  severe  ones 
ever  experienced  in  the  West.  The  Indians  always  referred  to  it  as  the 
"Great  Cold."  Numbers  of  wild  animals  perished,  and  not  a  few 
pioneers  lost  their  lives.  The  following  Summer  a  party  of  Canadians 
and  Indians  attacked  St.  Louis,  and  attempted  to  take  possession  of  it 
in  consequence  of  the  friendly  disposition  of  Spain  to  the  revolting 
colonies.  They  met  with  such  a  determined  resistance  on  the  part  of  the 
inhabitants,  even  the  women  taking  part  in  the  battle,  that  they  were 
compelled  to  abandon  the  contest.  They  also  made  an  attack  on  the 
settlements  in  Kentucky,  but,  becoming  alarmed  in  some  unaccountable 
manner,  they  fled  the  country  in  great  haste. 

About  this  time  arose  the  question  in  the  Colonial  Congress  con- 
cerning the  western  lands  claimed  by  Virginia,  New  York,  Massachusetts 


THE   NORTHWEST   TBEEITORY.  55 

and  Connecticut.  The  agitation  concerning  this  subject  finally  led  New 
York,  on  the  19th  of  February,  1780,  to  pass  a  law  giving  to  the  dele- 
gates of  that  State  in  Congress  the  power  to  cede  her  western  lands  for 
the  benefit  of  the  United  States.  This  law  was  laid  before  Congress 
during  the  next  month,  but  no  steps  were  taken  concerning  it  until  Sep- 
tember 6th,  when  a  resolution  pass'ed  that  body  calling  upon  the  States 
claiming  western  lands  to  release  their  claims  in  favor  of  the  whole  body. 
This  basis  formed  the  union,  and  was  the  first  after  all  of  those  legislative 
measures  which  resulted  in  the  creation  of  the  States  of  Ohio,  Indiana, 
Illinois,  Michigan,  Wisconsin  and  Minnesota.  In  December  of  the  same 
year,  the  plan  of  conquering  Detroit  again  arose.  The  conquest  might 
have  easily  been  effected  by  Clark  had  the  necessary  aid  been  furnished 
him.  Nothing  decisive  was  done,  yet  the  heads  of  the  Government  knew 
that  the  safety  of  the  Northwest  from  British  invasion  lay  in  the  capture  . 
and  retention  of  that  important  post,  the  only  unconquered  one  in  the 
territory. 

Before  the  close  of  the  year,  Kentucky  was  divided  into  the  Coun- 
ties of  Lincoln,  Fayette  and  Jefferson,  and  the  act  establishing  the  Town 
of  Louisville  was  passed.  This  same  year  is  also  noted  in  the  annals  of 
American  history  as  the  year  in  which  occurred  Arnold's  treason  to  the 
United  States. 

Virginia,  in  accordance  with  the  resolution  of  Congress,  on  the  2d 

day  of  January,  1781,  agreed  to  yield  her  western  lands  to  the  United 

States  upon  certain  conditions,  which  Congress  would  not  accede  to,  and 

the  Act  of  Cession,  on  the  part  of  the  Old  Dominion,  failed,  nor  was 

anything  farther  done  until  1783.     During  all  that  time  the  Colonies 

were  busily  engaged  in  the  struggle  with  the  mother  country,  and  in 

consequence  thereof  but  little  heed  was  given  to  the  western  settlements. 

Upon  the  16th  of  April,  1781,  the  first  birth  north  of  the  Ohio  River  of 

American  parentage  occurred,  being  that  of  Mary  Heckewelder,  daughter 

of  the  widely  known  Moravian  missionary,  whose   band  of  Christian 

Indians  suffered  in  after  years  a  horrible  massacre  by  the  hands  of  the 

frontier  settlers,  who  had  been  exasperated  by  the  murder  of  several  of 

their  neighbors,  and  in  their  rage  committed,  without  regard  to  humanity, 

a  deed  which  forever  afterwards  cast  a  shade  of  shame  upon  their  lives. 

For  this  and  kindred  outrages  on  the  part  of  the  whites,  the  Indians 

committed  many  deeds  of  cruelty  which  darken  the  years  of  1771  ahd 

1772  in  the  history  of  the  Northwest. 

During  the  year  1782  a  number  of  battles  among  the  Indians  and 
frontiersmen  occurred,  and  between  the  Moravian  Indians  and  the  Wyan- 
dots.  In  these,  horrible  acts  of  cruelty  were  practised  on  the  captives, 
many  of  such  dark  deeds  transpiring  under  the  leadership  of  the  notorious 


56 


THE  NORTHWEST  TEEBITOBY. 


frontier  odtlaw,  Simon  Girty,  whose  name,  as  well  as  those  of  his  brothers, 
was  a  terror  to  women  and  children.  These  occurred  chiefly  in  the  Ohio 
valleys.  Cotemporary  with  them  were  several  engagements  in  Kentucky, 
in  which  the  famous  Daniel  Boone  engaged,  and  who,  often  by  his  skill 
and  knowledge  of  Indian  warfare,  saved  the  outposts  from  cruel  destruc- 


INDIANS    ATTACKING    FEONTIEKSMEN. 

tion.  By  the  close  of  the  year  victory  had  perched  upon  the  American 
banner,  and  on  the  30th  of  November,  provisional  articles  of  peace  had 
been  arranged  between  the  Commissioners  of  England  and  her  uncon- 
querable  colonies.  Cornwallis  had  been  defeated  on  the  19th  of  October 
preceding,  and  the  liberty  of  America  was  assured.  On  the  19th  of 
April  following,  the  anniversary  of  the  battle  of  Lexington,  peace  was 


THE  NOBTHWEST  TEEKITOEY.  57 

proclaimed  to  the  army  of  the  United  States,  and  on  the  3d  of  the  next 
September,  the  definite  treaty  which  ended  our  revolutionary  struggle 
was  concluded.  By  the  terms  of  that  treaty,  the  boundaries  of  the  West 
were  as  follows :  On  the  north  the  line  was  to  extend  along  the  center  of 
the  Great  Lakes ;  from  the  western  point  of  Lake  Superior  to  Long  Lake ; 
thence  to  the  Lake  of  the  Woods ;  thence  to  the  head  of  the  Mississippi 
Elver;  down  its  center  to  the  31st  parallel  of  latitude,  then  on  that  line 
east  to  the  head  of  the  Appalachicola  River ;  down  its  center  to  its  junc- 
tion with  the  Flint ;  thence  straight  to  the  head  of  St.  Mary's  River,  and 
thence  down  along  its  center  to  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 

Following  the  cessation  of  hostilities  with  England,  several  posts 
were  still  occupied  by  the  British  in  the  North  and  West.  Among  these 
was  Detroit,  still  in  the  hands  of  the  enemy.  Numerous  engagements 
with  the  Indians  throughout  Ohio  and  Indiana  occurred,  upon  whose 
lands  adventurous  whites  would  settle  ere  the  title  had  been  acquired  by 
the  proper  treaty. 

To  remedy  this  latter  evil.  Congress  appointed  commissioners  to 
treat  with  the  natives  and  purchase  their  lands,  and  prohibited  the  set- 
tlement of  the  territory  until  this  could  be  done.  Before  the  close  of  the 
year  another  attenipt  was  made  to  capture  Detroit,  which  was,  however, 
not  pushed,  and  Virginia,  no  longer  feeling  the  interest  in  the  Northwest 
she  had  formerly  done,  withdrew  her  troops,  having  on  the  20th  of 
December  preceding  authorized  the  whole  of  her  possessions  to  be  deeded 
to  the  United  States.  This  was  done  on  the  1st  of  March  following,  and 
the  Northwest  Territory  passed  from  the  control  of  the  Old  Dominion. 
To  Gen.  Clark  and  his  soldiers,  however,  she  gave  a  tract  of  one  hundred 
and  fifty  thousand  acres  of  land,  to  be  situated  any  where  north  of  the 
Ohio  wherever  they  chose  to  locate  them.  They  selected  the  region 
opposite  the  falls  of  the  Ohio,  where  is  now  the  dilapidated  village  of 
ClarksviUe,  about  midway  between  the  Cities  of  New  Albany  and  Jeffer- 
fionviile,  Indiana. 

While  the  frontier  remained  thus,  and  Gen.  Haldimand  at  Detroit 
refused  to  evacuate  alleging  that  he  had  no  orders  from  his  King  to  do 
so,  settlers  were  rapidly  gathering  about  the  inland  forts.  In  the  Spring 
of  1784,  Pittsburgh  was  regularly  laid  out,  and  from  the  journal  of  Arthur 
Lee,  who  passed  through  the  town  soon  after  on  his  way  to  the  Indian 
council  at  Fort  Mcintosh,  we  suppose  it  was  not  very  prepossessing  in 
appearance.     He  says : 

"Pittsburgh  is  inhabited  almost  entirely  by  Scots  and  Irish,  who 
live  in  paltry  log  houses,  and  are  as  dirty  as  if  in  the  north  of  Ireland  or 
even  Scotland.  There  is  a  great  deal  of  trade  carried  on,  the  goods  being 
bought  at  the  vast  expense  of  forty-five  shillings  per  pound  from  Phila- 


58  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

delphia  and  Baltimore.  They  take  in  the  shops  flour,  wheat,  skins  and 
money.  There  are  in  the  town  four  attorneys,  two  doctors,  and  not  a 
priest  of  any  persuasion,  nor  church  nor  chapel." 

Kentucky  at  this  time  contained  thirty  thousand  inhabitants,  and 
was  beginning  to  discuss  measures  for  a  separation  from  Virginia.  A 
land  office  was  opened  at  Louisville,  and  measures  were  adopted  to  take 
defensive  precaution  against  the  Indians  who  were  yet,  in  some  instances, 
incited  to  deeds  of  violence  by  the  British.  Before  the  close  of  this  year, 
1784,  the  military  claimants  of  land  began  to  occupy  them,  although  no 
entries  were  recorded  until  1787. 

The  Indian  title  to  the  Northwest  was  not  yet  extinguished.  They 
held  large  tracts  of  lands,  and  in  order  to  prevent  bloodshed  Congress 
adopted  means  for  treaties  with  the  original  owners  and  provided  for  the 
surveys  of  the  lands  gained  thereby,  as  well  as  for  those  north  of  the 
Ohio,  now  in  its  possession.  On  January  31,  1786,  a  treaty  was  made 
with  the  Wabash  Indians.  The  treaty  of  Fort  Stanwix  had  been  made 
in  1784.  That  at  Fort  Mcintosh  in  1785,  and  through  these  much  land 
was  gained.  The  Wabash  Indians,  however,  afterward  refused  to  comply 
with  the  provisions  of  the  treaty  made  with  them,  and  in  order  to  compel 
their  adherence  to  its  provisions,  force  was  used.  During  the  year  1786, 
the  free  navigation  of  the  Mississippi  came  up  in  Congress,  and  caused 
various  discussions,  which  resulted  in  no  definite  action,  only  serving  to 
excite  speculation  in  regard  to  the  western  lands.  Congress  had  promised 
bounties  of  land  to  the  soldiers  of  the  Revolution,  but  owing  to  the 
unsettled  condition  of  affairs  along  the  Mississippi  respecting  its  naviga- 
tion, and  the  trade  of  the  Northwest,  that  body  had,  in  1783,  declared 
its  inability  to  fulfill  these  promises  until  a  treaty  could  be  concluded 
between  the  two  Governments.  Before  the  close  of  the  year  1786,  how- 
ever, it  was  able,  through  the  treaties  with  the  Indians,  to  allow  some 
grants  and  the  settlement  thereon,  and  on  the  14th  of  September  Con- 
necticut ceded  to  the  General  Government  the  tract  of  land  known  as 
the  "  Connecticut  Reserve,"  and  before  the  close  of  the  following  year  a 
large  tract  of  land  north  of  the  Ohio  was  sold  to  a  company,  who  at  once 
took  measures  to  settle  it.  By  the  provisions  of  this  grant,  the  company 
were  to  pay  the  United  States  one  dollar  per  acre,  subject  to  a  deduction 
of  one-third  for  bad  lands  and  other  contingencies.  They  received 
750,000  acres,  bounded  on  the  south  by  the  Ohio,  on  the  east  by  the 
seventh  range  of  townships,  on  the  west  by  the  sixteenth  range,  and  on 
the  north  by  a  line  so  drawn  as  to  make  the  grant  complete  without 
the  reservations.  In  addition  to  this.  Congress  afterward  granted  100,000 
acres  to  actual  settlers,  and  214,285  acres  ias  army  bounties  under  the 
resolutions  of  1789  and  1790. 


THE   NORTHWEST   TBERITOET.  »j9 

While  Dr.  Cutler,  one  of  the  agents  of  the  company,  was  pressing 
Its  claims  before  Congress,  that  body  was  bringing  into  form  an  ordinance 
for  the  political  and  social  organization  of  this  Territory.  When  the 
cession  was  made  by  Virginia,  in  1784,  a  plan  was  offered,  but  rejected 
A  motion  had  been  made  to  strike  from  the  proposed  plan  the  prohibition 
of  slavery,  which  prevailed.  The  plan  was  then  discussed  and  altered, 
and  finally  passed  unanimously,  with  the  exception  of  South  Carolina' 
By  this  proposition,  the  Territory  was  to  have  been  divided  into  states 


^.o^<«--^^- 


A    PRAIEIE    STOEM. 


by  parallels  and  meridian  lines.  This,  it  was  thought,  would  make  ten 
states,  which  were  to  have  been  named  as  follows  —  beginning  at  the 
northwest  corner  and  going  southwardly:  Sylvania,  Michigania,  Cher- 
sonesus,  Assenisipia,  Metropotamia,  lUenoia,  Saratoga,  Washington,  Poly- 
potamia  and  Pelisipia. 

There  was  a  more  serious  objection  to  this  plan  than  its  category  of 
names, —  the  boundaries.  The  root  of  the  difficulty  was  in  the  resolu- 
tion of  Congress  passed  in  October,  1780,  which  fixed  the  boundaries 
of  the  ceded  lands  to  be  from  one  hundred  to  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles. 


60  THE   NOETHWEST   TEBBITOEY. 

square.  These  resolutions  being  presented  to  the  Legislatures  of  Vir- 
ginia and  Massachusetts,  they  desired  a  change,  and  in  July,  1786,  the 
subject  was  taken  up  in  Congress,  and  changed  to  favor  a  division  into 
not  more  than  five  states,  and  not  less  than  three.  This  was  approved  by 
the  State  Legislature  of  Virginia.  The  subject  of  the  Government  was 
again  taken  up  by  Congress  in  1786,  and  discussed  throughout  that  year 
and  until  July,  1787,  when  the  famous  "Compact  of  1787"  was  passed, 
and  the  foundation  of  the  government  of  the  Northwest  laid.  This  com- 
pact is  fully  discussed  and  explained  in  the  history  of  Illinois  in  this  book, 
and  to  it  the  reader  is  referred. 

The  passage  of  this  act  and  the  grant  to  the  New  England  Company 
was  soon  followed  by  an  application  to  the  Government  by  John  Cleves 
Symmes,  of  New  Jersey,  for  a  grant  of  the  land  between  the  Miamis. 
This  gentleman  had  visited  these  lands  soon  after  the  treaty  of  1786,  and, 
being  greatly  pleased  with  them,  offered  similar  terms  to  those  given  to  the 
New  England  Company.  The  petition  was  referred  to « the  Treasury 
Board  with  power  to  act,  and  a  contract  was  concluded  the  following' 
year.  During  the  Autumn  the  directors  of  the  New  England  Company 
were  preparing  to  occupy  their  grant  the  following  Spring,  and  upon  the 
23d  of  November  made  arrangements  for  a  party  of  forty-seven  men, 
under  the  superintendency  of  Gen.  Rufus  Putnam,  to  set  forward.  Six 
boat-builders  were  to  leave  at  once,  and  on  the  first  of  January  the  sur- 
veyors and  their  assistants,  twenty-six  in  number,  were  to  meet  at  Hart- 
ford and  proceed  on  their  journey  westward ;  the  remainder  to  follow  as 
soon  as  possible.  Congress,  in  the  meantime,  upon  the  8d  of  October, 
had  ordered  seven  hundred  troops  for  defense  of  the  western  settlers,  and 
to  prevent  unauthorized  intrusions  ;  and  two  days  later  appointed  Arthur 
St.  Clair  Governor  of  the  Territory  of  the  Northwest. 

AMERICAN  SETTLEMENTS. 

The  civil  organization  of  the  Northwest  Territory  was  now  com- 
plete, and  notwithstanding  the  uncertainty  of  Indian  affairs,  settlers  from 
the  East  began  to  come  into  the  country  rapidly.  The  New  England 
Company  sent  their  men  during  the  Winter  of  1787-8  pressing  on  over 
the  AUeghenies  by  the  old  Indian  path  which  had  been  opened  into 
Braddock's  road,  and  which  has  since  been  made  a  national  turnpike 
from  Cumberland  westward.  Through  the  weary  winter  days  they  toiled 
on,  and  by  April  were  all  gathered  on  the  Yohiogany,  where  boats  had 
been  built,  and  at  once  started  for  the  Muskingum.  Here  they  arrived 
on  the  7th  of  that  month,  and  unless  the  Moravian  missionaries  be  regarded 
as  the  pioneers  of  Ohio,  this  little  band  can  justly  claim  that  honor. 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


61 


Gen.  St.  Clair,  the  appointed  Grovernor  of  the  Northwest,  not  having 
yet  arrived,  a  set  of  laws  were  passed,  written  out,  and  published  by 
heing  nailed  to  a  tree  in  the  embryo  town,  and  Jonathan  Meigs  appointed 
to  administer  them. 

Washington  in  writing  of  this,  the  first  American  settlement  in  the 
Northwest,  said :  "  No  colony  in  America  was  ever  settled  under 
such  favorably  auspices  as  that  which  has  just  commenced  at  Muskingum. 
Information,  property  and  strength  will  be  its  characteristics.  I  know 
many  of  its  settlers  personally,  and  there  never  were  men  better  calcu- 
lated to  promote  the  welfare  of  such  a  community." 


A    PIOIfBEK    DWELLING. 


On  the  2d   of  July  a  meeting  of  the  directors  and  agents  was  held 
on  the  banks  of  the  Muskingum,  "  for  the  purpose  of  naming  the  new- 
born city  and  its  squares."     As  yet  the  settlement  was  known  as  the 
"Muskingum,"  but  that  was  now  changed  to  the  name  Marietta,  in  honor 
of  Marie  Antoinette.     The  square  upon  which  the  block -houses  stood 
was  called  '■'■  Campus  Martins  ;''  square  number  19,  '■'•  Ca-pitolmm  ;'"  square 
number  61,  '■'■Cecilia;''  and  the  great  road  through  the  covert  way,  "  Sacra 
Via."     Two  days  after,  an  oration  was  delivered  by  James  M.  Varnum, 
who  with  S.  H.  Parsons  and  John  Armstrong  had  been  appointed  to  the 
judicial  bench  of  the  territory  on' the  16th  of  October,  1787.     On  July  9, 
Gov.  St.  Clair  arrived,  and  the  colony  began  to  assume  form.     The  act 
of  1787  provided  two  district  grades  of  government  for  the  Northwest, 


62  THE   NOKTHWBST   TEKRITOEY. 

under  the  first  of  which  the  whole  power  was  invested  in  the  hands  of  a 
governor  and  three  district  judges.  This  was  immediately  formed  upon 
the  Governor's  arrival,  and  the  first  laws  of  the  colony  passed  on  the  25th 
of  July.  These  provided  for  the  organization  of  the  militia,  and  on  the 
next  day  appeared  the  Governor's  proclamation,  erecting  all  that  country 
that  had  been  ceded  by  the  Indians  east  of  the  Scioto  River  into  the 
County  of  Washington.  From  that  time  forward,  notwithstanding  the 
doubts  yet  existing  as  to  the  Indians,  all  Marietta  prospered,  and  on  the 
2d  of  September  the  first  court  of  the  territory  was  held  with  imposing 
ceremonies. 

The  emigration  westward  at  this  time  was  very  great.  The  com- 
mander at  Fort  Harmer,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Muskingum,  reported  four 
thousand  five  hundred  persons  as  having  passed  that  post  between  Feb- 
ruary and  June,  1788  —  many  of  whom  would  have  purchased  of  the 
"Associates,"  as  the  New  England  Company  was  called,  had  they  been 
ready  to  receive  them. 

On  the  26th  of  November,  1787,  Symmes  issued  a  pamphlet  stating 
the  terms  of  his  contract  and  the  plan  of  sale  he  intended  to  adopt.  In 
January,  1788,  Matthias  Denman,  of  New  Jersey,  took  an  active  interest 
in  Symmes'  purchase,  and  located  among  other  tracts  the  sections  upon 
which  Cincinnati  has  been  built.  Retaining  one-third  of  this  locality,  he 
sold  the  other  two-thirds  to  Robert  Patterson  and  John  Filson,  and  the 
three,  about  August,  commenced  to  lay  out  a  town  on  the  spot,  which 
was  designated  as  being  opposite  Licking  River,  to  the  moulh  of  \yhich 
they  proposed  to  have  a  road  cut  from  Lexington.  The  naming  of  the 
town  is  thus  narrated  in  the  "Western  Annals  "  : — "  Mr.  Filson,  who  had 
been  a  schoolmaster,  was  appointed  to  name  the  town,  and,  in  respect  to 
its  situation,  and  as  if  with  a  prophetic  perception  of  the  mixed  race  that 
were  to  inhabit  it  in  after  days,  he  named  it  Losantiville,  which,  being 
interpreted,  means  :  ville,  the  town  ;  anti,  against  or  opposite  to  ;  os,  the 
mouth  ;  L.  of  Licking." 

Meanwhile,  in  July,  Symmes  got  thirty  persons  and  eight  four-horse 
teams  under  way  for  the  West.  These  reached  Limestone  (now  Mays- 
ville)  in  September,  where  were  several  persons  from  Redstone.  Here 
Mr.  Symmes  tried  to  found  a  settlement,  but  the  great  freshet  of  1789 
caused  the  "  Point,"  as  it  was  and  is  yet  called,  to  be  fifteen  feet  under 
water,  and  the  settlement  to  be  abandoned.  The  little  band  of  settlers 
removed  to  the  mouth  of  the  Miami.  Before  Symmes  and  his  colony  left 
the  "  Point,"  two  settlements  had  been  made  on  his  purchase.  The  first 
was  by  Mr.  Stiltes,  the  original  projector  of  the  whole  plan,  who,  with  a 
colony  of  Redstone  people,  had  located  at  the  mouth  of  the  Miami, 
whither  Symmes  went  with  his  Maysville  colony.     Here  a  clearing  had 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


63 


been  made  by  the  Indians  owing  to  the  great  fertility  of  the  soil.  Mr. 
Stiltes  with  his  colony  came  to  this  place  on  the  18th  of  November,  1788, 
with  twenty-six  persons,  and,  building  a  block-house,  prepared  to  remain 
through  the  Winter.  They  named  the  settlement  Columbia.  Here  they 
were  kindly  treated  by  the  Indians,  but  suffered  greatly  from  the  flood 
of  1789. 

On  the  4th  of  March,  1789,  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States 
went  into  operation,  and  on  April  30,  George  Washington  was  inaug- 
urated President  of  the  American  people,  and  during  the  next  Summer, 
an  Indian  war  was  commenced  by  the  tribes  north  of  the  Ohio.  The 
President  at  first  used  pacific  means ;  but  these  failing,  he  sent  General 
Harmer  against  the  hostile  tribes.     He  destroyed  several  villages,  but 


BEEAKING   FBAIBLE;. 


was  defeated  in  two  battles,  near  the  present  City  of  Fort  Wayne, 
Indiana.  From  this  time  till  the  close  of  1795,  the  principal  events  were 
the  wars  with  the  various  Indian  tribes.  In  1796,  General  St.  Clair 
was  appointed  in  command,  and  marched  against  the  Indians ;  but  while 
he  was  encamped  on  a  stream,  the  St.  Mary,  a  branch  of  the  Maumee, 
he  was  attacked  and  defeated  with  the  loss  of  six  hundred  men. 

General  Wayne  was  now  sent  against  the  savages.  In  August,  1794, 
he  met  them  near  the  rapids  of  the  Maumee,  and  gained  a  complete 
victory.  This  success,  followed  by  vigorous  measures,  compelled  the 
Indians  to  sue  for  peace,  and  on  the  30th  of  July,  the  foUo^Ying  year,  the 
treaty  of  Greenville  was  signed  by  the  principal  chiefs,  by  which  a  large 
tract  of  country  was  ceded  to  the  United  States. 

Before  proceeding  in  our  narrative,  we  will  pause  to  notice  Fort 
Washington,  erected  in  the  early  part  of  this  war  on  the  site  of  Cincinnati. 
Nearly   all   of  the   great   cities  of   the  Northwest,  and  indeed  of   the 


64  THE   NORTHWEST   TEKEITORY. 

whole  country,  have  had  their  nuclei  in  those  rude  pioneer  structures, 
known  as  forts  or  stockades.  Thus  Forts  Dearborn,  Washington,  Pon- 
chartrain,  mark  the  original  sites  of  the  now  proud  Cities  of  Chicago, 
Cincinnati  and  Detroit.  So  of  most  of  the  flourishing  cities  east  and  west 
of  the  Mississippi.  Fort  Washington,  erected  by  Doughty  in  1790,  was  a 
rude  but  highly  interesting  structure.  It  was  composed  of  a  number  of 
strongly-built  hewed  log  cabins.  Those  designed  for  soldiers'  barracks 
were  a  story  and  a  half  high,  while  those  composing  the  officers  quarters 
were  more  imposing  and  more  conveniently  arranged  and  furnished. 
The  whole  were  so  placed  as  to  form  a  hollow  square,  enclosing  about  an 
acre  of  ground,  with  a  block  house  at  each  of  the  four  angles. 

The  logs  for  the  construction  of  this  fort  were  cut  from  the  ground 
upon  which  it  was  erected.  It  stood  between  Third  and  Fourth  Streets 
of  the  present  city  (Cincinnati)  extending  east  of  Eastern  Row,  now 
Broadway,  which  was  then  a  narrow  alley,  and  the  eastern  boundary  of 
of  the  town  as  it  was  originally  laid  out.  On  the  bank  of  the  river, 
immediately  in  front  of  the  fort,  was  an  appendage  of  the  fort,  called  the 
Artificer's  Yard.  It  contained  about  two  acres  of  ground,  enclosed  by 
small  contiguous  buildings,  occupied  by  workshops  and  quarters  of 
laborers.  Within  this  enclosure  there  was  a  large  two-story  frame  house, 
famiUarly  called  the  "  Yellow  House,"  built  for  the  accommodation  of 
the  Quartermaster  General.  For  many  years  this  was  the  best  finished 
and  most  commodious  edifice  in  the  Queen  City.  Fort  Washington  was 
for  some  time  the  headquarters  of  both  the  civil  and  military  governments 
of  the  Northwestern  Territory. 

Following  the  consummation  of  the  treaty  various  gigantic  land  spec- 
ulations were  entered  into  by  different  persons,  who  hoped  to  obtain 
from  the  Indians  in  Michigan  and  northern  Indiana,  large  tracts  of  lands. 
These  were  generally  discovered  in  time  to  prevent  the  outrageous 
schemes  from  being  carried  out,  and  from  involving  the  settlers  in  war. 
On  October  27,  1795,  the  treaty  between  the  United  States  and  Spain 
was  signed,  whereby  the  free  navigation  of  the  Mississippi  was  secured. 

No  sooner  had  the  treaty  of  1795  been  ratified  than  settlements  began 
to  pour  rapidly  into  the  West.  The  great  event  of  the  year  1796  was  the 
occupation  of  that  part  of  the  Northwest  including  Michigan,  which  was 
this  year,  under  the  provisions  of  the  treaty,  evacuated  by  the  British 
forces.  The.  United  States,  owing  to  certain  conditions,  did  not  feel 
justified  in  addressing  the  authorities  in  Canada  in  relation  to  Detroit 
and  other  frontier  posts.  When  at  last  the  British  authorities  were 
called  to  give  them  up,  they  at  once  complied,  and  General  Wayne,  who 
had  done  so  much  to  preserve  the  frontier  settlements,  and  who,  before 
the    year's    close,  sickened    and  died  near  Erie,  transferred  his  head- 


THE  NORTHWEST   TERKITOEY.  65 

quarters  to  the  neighborhood  of  the  lakes,  where  a  county  named  after 
him  was  formed,  which  included  the  northwest  of  Ohio,  all  of  Michigan, 
and  the  northeast  of  Indiana.  During  this  same  year  settlements  were 
formed  at  the  present  City  of  Chillicothe,  along  the  Miami  from  Middle- 
town  to  Piqua,  while  in  the  more  distant  "West,  settlers  and  speculators 
began  to  appear  in  great  numbers.  In  September,  the  City  of  Cleveland 
was  laid  out,  and  during  the  Summer  and  Autumn,  Samuel  Jackson  and 
Jonathan  Sharpless  erected  the  first  manufactory  of  paper — the  "  Red- 
stone Paper  Mill" — in  the  West.  St.  Louis  contained  some  seventy 
houses,  and  Detroit  over  three  hundred,  and  along  the  river,  contiguous 
to  it,  were  more  than  three  thousand  inhabitants,  mostly  French  Canadians, 
Indians  and  half-breeds,  scarcely  any  Americans  venturing  yet  into  that 
part  of  the  Northwest. 

The  election  of  representatives  for  the  territory  had  taken  place, 
and  on  the  4th  of  February,  1799,  they  convened  at  Losantiville  —  now 
known  as  Cincinnati,  having  been  named  so  by  Gov.  St.  Clair,  and 
considered  the  capital  of  the  Territory — to  nominate  persons  from  whom 
the  members  of  the  Legislature  were  to  be  chosen  in  accordance  with 
a  previous  ordinance.  This  nomination  being  made,  the  Assembly 
adjourned  until  the  16th  of  the  following  September.  From  those  named 
the  President  selected  as  members  of  the  council,  Henry  Vandenburg, 
of  Vincennes,  Robert  Oliver,  of  Marietta,  James  Findlay  and  Jacob 
Burnett,  of  Cincinnati,  and  David  Vance,  of  Vanceville.  On  the  16th 
of  September  the  Territorial  Legislature  met,  and  on  the  24th  the  two 
houses  were  duly  orgaj^iized,  Henry  Vandenburg  being  elected  President 
of  the  Council. 

The  message  of  Gov..  St.  Clair  was  addressed  to  the  Legislature 
September  20th,  and  on  October  13th  that  body  elected  as  a  delegate  to 
Congress  Gen.  Wm.  Henry  Harrison,  who  received  eleven  of  the  votes 
cast,  being  a  majority  of  one  over  his  opponent,  Arthur  St.  Clair,  son  of 
Gen.  St.  Clair. 

The  whole  number  of  acts  passed  at  this  session,  and  approved  by 
the  Governor,  were  thirty-seven — eleven  others  were  passed,  but  received 
his  veto.  The  most  important  of  those  passed  related  to  the  militia,  to 
the  administration,  and  to  taxation.  On  the  19th  of  December  this  pro- 
tracted session  of  the  first  Legislature  in  the  West  was  closed,  and  on  the 
30th  of  December  the  President  nominated  Charles  Willing  Bryd  to  the 
office  of  Secretary  of  the  Territory  vice  Wm.  Henry  Harrison,  elected  to 
Congress.     The  Senate  confirmed  his  nomination  the  next  day. 


66  THE  NOBTHWBST   TERRITORY. 


DIVISION   OF   THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

The  increased  emigration  to  the  Northwest,  the  extent  of  the  domain, 
and  the  inconvenient  modes  of  travel,  made  it  very  difficult  to  conduct 
the  ordinary  operations  of  government,  and  rendered  the  efficient  action 
•of  courts  almost  impossible.  To  remedy  this,  it  was  deemed  advisable  to 
divide  the  territory  for  civil  purposes.  Congress,  in  1800,  appointed  a 
committee  to  examine  the  question  and  report  some  means  for  its  solution. 
This  committee,  on  the  3d  of  March,  reported  that : 

"  In  the  three  western  countries  there  has  been  but  one  court  having 
cognizance  of  crimes,  in  five  years,  and  the  immunity  which  offenders 
experience  attracts,  as  to  an  asylum,  the  most  vile  and  abandoned  crim- 
inals, and  at  the  same  time  deters  useful  citizens  from  making'settlements 
in  such  society.  The  extreme  necessity  of  judiciary  attention  and  assist- 
ance is  experienced  in  civil  as  well  as  in  criminal  cases.  *  *  *  *  To 
minister  a  remedy  to  these  and  other  evils,  it  occurs  to  this  committee 
that  it  is  expedient  that  a  division  of  said  territory  into  two  distinct  and 
separate  governments  should  be  made ;  and  that  such  division  be  made 
by  a  line  beginning  at  the  mouth  of  the  Great  Miami  River,  running 
directly  north  until  it  intersects  the  boundary  between  the  United  States 
and  Canada." 

The  report  was  accepted  by  Congress,  and,  in  accordance  with  its 
suggestions,  that  body  passed  an  Act  extinguishing  the  Northwest  Terri- 
tory, which  Act  was  approved  May  7.     Among  its  provisions  were  these  : 

"  That  from  and  after  July  4  next,  all  that  part  of  the  Territory  of 
the  United  States  northwest  of  the  Ohio  River,  which  lies  to  the  westward 
■of  a  line  beginning  at  a  point  on  the  Ohio,  opposite  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Kentucky  River,  arid  running  thence  to  Fort  Recovery,  and  thence  north 
until  it  shall  intersect  the  territorial  line  between  the  United  States  and 
Canada,  shall,  for  the  purpose  of  temporary  government,  constitute  a 
separate  territory,  and  be  called  the  Indiana  Te^ritorJ^" 

After  providing  for  the  exercise  of  the  civil  and  criminal  powers  of 
the  territories,  and  other  provisions,  the  Act  further  provides : 

"  That  until  it  shall  otherwise-  be  ordered  by  the  Legislatures  of  the 
said  Territories,  respectively,  Chillicothe  on  the  Scioto  River  shall  be  the 
seat  of  government  of  the  Territory  of  the  United  States  northwest  of  the 
Ohio  River;  and  that  St.  Vincennes  on  the  Wabash  River  shall  be  the 
seat  of  government  for  the  Indiana  Territory." 

Gen.  Wm.  Henry  Harrison  was  appointed  Governor  of  the  Indiana 
Territory,  and  entered  upon  his  duties  about  a  year  later.  Connecticut 
also  about  this  time  released  her  claims  to  the  reserve,  and  in  March  a  law 


y     'V''     «. 


^/ 


I    4.  /J.j-^    -  '  ^.^^-^ 


MANCHESTER 


THE  NORTHWEST  TBEEITORY.  67 

was  passed  accepting  this  cession.  Settlements  had  been  made  upon 
thirty-five  of  the  townships  in  the  reserve,  mills  had  been  built,  and  seven 
hundred  miles  of  road  cut  in  various  directions.  On  the  3d  of  November 
the  General  Assembly  met  at  Chillicothe.  Near  the  close  of  the  year, 
the  first  missionary  of  the  Connecticut  Reserve  came,  who  found  no 
township  containing  more  than  eleven  families.  It  was  upon  the  first  of 
October  that  the  secret  treaty  had  been  made  between  Napoleon  and  the 
King  of  Spain,  whereby  the  latter  agreed  to  cede  to  France  the  province 
of  Louisiana.  * 

In  January,  1802,  the  Assembly  of  the  Northwestern  Territory  char- 
tered the  college  at  Athens.  From  the  earliest  dawn  of  the  western 
colonies,  education  was  promptly  provided  for,  and  as  early  as  1787, 
newspapers  were  issued  from  Pittsburgh  and  Kentucky,  and  largely  read 
throughout  the  frontier  settlements.  Before  the  close  of  this  year,  the 
Congress  of  the  United  States  granted  to  the  citizens  of  the  Northwestern 
territory  the  formation  of  a  State  government.  One  of  the  provisions  of 
the  "compact  of  1787"  provided  that  whenever  the  number  of  inhabit- 
ants within  prescribed  limits  exceeded  45,000,  they  should  be  entitled  to 
a  separate  government.  The  prescribed  limits  of  Ohio  contained,  from  a 
census  taken  to  ascertain  the  legality  of  the  act,  more  than  that  number, 
and  on  the  30th  of  April,  1802,  Congress  passed  the  act  defining  its  limits, 
and  on  the  29th  of  November  the  Constitution  of  the  new  State  of  Ohio, 
so  named  from  the  beautiful  river  forming  its  southern  boundary,  came 
into  existence.  The  exact  limits  of  Lake  Michigan  were  not  then  known, 
but  the  territory  now  included  within  the  State  of  Michigan  was  wholly 
within  the  territory  of  Indiana. 

Gen.  Harrison,  while  residing  at  Vincennes,  made  several  treaties 
with  the  Indians,  thereby  gaining  large  tracts  of  lands.  The  next  year  is 
memorable  in  the  history  of  the  West  for  the  purchase  of  Louisiana  from 
France  by  the  United  States  for  $15,000,000.  Thus  by  a  peaceful  mode, 
the  domain  of  the  United  States  was  extended  over  a  large  tract  of 
country  west  of  the  Mississippi,  and  was  for  a  time  under  the  jurisdiction 
of  the  Northwest  government,  and,  as  has  been  mentioned  in  the  early 
part  of  this  narrative,  was  called  the  "New  Northwest."  The  limits 
of  this  history  will  not  allow  a  description  of  its  territory.  The  same  year 
large  grants  of  land  were  obtained  from  the  Indians,  and  the  House  of 
Representatives  of  the  new  State  of  Ohio  signed  a  bill  respecting  the 
College  Township  in  the  district  of  Cincinnati. 

Before  the  close  of  the  year.  Gen.  Harrison  obtained  additional 
grants  of  lands  from  the  various  Indian  nations  in  Indiana  and  the  present 
limits  of  Illinois,  and  on  the  18th  of  August,  1804,  completed  a  treaty  at 
St.  Louis,  whereby  over  51,000,000  acres  of  lands  were  obtained  from  the 


68  THE  NORTHWEST  TBRBITOEY. 

aborigines.     Measures  were  also  taken  to  learn  the  condition  of  affairs  in 
and  about  Detroit. 

C.  Jouett,  the  Indian  agent  in  Michigan,  still  a  part  of  Indiana  Terri- 
tory, reported  as  follows  upon  the  condition  of  matters  at  that  post : 

"  The  Town  of  Detroit. — The  charter,  which  is  for  fifteen  miles 
square,  was  granted  in  the  time  of  Louis  XIV.  of  France,  aud  is  now, 
from  the  best  information  I  have  been  able  to  get,  at  Quebec.  Of  those 
two  hundred  and  twenty-five  acres,  only  four  are  occupied  by  the  town 
and  Fort  Lenault.  The  remainder  is  a  common,  except  twenty-four 
acres,  which  were  added  twenty  years  ago  to  a  farm  belonging  to  Wm. 
Macomb.  *  *  *  A  stockade  incloses  the  town,  fort  and  citadel.  The 
pickets,  as  well  as  the  public  houses,  are  in  a  state  of  gradual  decay.  The 
streets  are  narrow,  straight  and  regular,  and  intersect  each  other  at  right 
angles.     The  houses  are,  for  the  most  part,  low  and  inelegant." 

During  this  year,  Congress  granted  a  township  of  land  for  the  sup- 
port of  a  college,  and  began  to  offer  inducements  for  settlers  in  these 
wilds,  and  the  country  now  comprising  the  State  of  Michigan  began  to 
fill  rapidly  with  settlers  along  its  southern  borders.  This  same  year,  also, 
a  law  was  passed  organizing  the  Southwest  Territory,  dividing  it  into  two 
portions,  the  Territory  of  New  Orleans,  which  city  was  made  the  seat  of 
government,  and  the  District  of  Louisiana,  which  was  annexed  to  the 
domain  of  Gen.  Harrison. 

On  the  11th  of  January,  1805,  the  Territory  of  Michigan  was  formed, 
Wm.  Hull  was  appointed  governor,  with  headquarters  at  Detroit,  the 
change  to  take  effect  on  June  30.  On  the  11th  of  that  month,  a  fire 
occurred  at  Detroit,  which  destroyed  almost  every  building  in  the  place. 
When  the  officers  of  the  new  territory  reached  the  post,  they  found  it  in 
ruins,  and  the  inhabitants  scattered  throughout  the  country.  Rebuild- 
ing, however,  soon  commenced,  and  ere  long  the  town  contained  more 
houses  than  before  the  fire,  and  many  of  them  much  better  built. 

While  this  was  being  done,  Indiana  had  passed  to  the  second  grade 
of  government,  and  through  her  General  Assembly  had  obtained  large 
tracts  of  land  froni  the  Indian  tribes.  To  all  this  the  celebrated  Indian,, 
Tecumthe  or  Tecumseh,  vigorously  protested,  and  it  was  the  main  cause 
of  his  attempts  to  unite  the  various  Indian  tribes  in  a  conflict  with  the 
settlers.  To  obtain  a  full  account  of  these  attempts,  the  workings  of  the 
British,  and  the  signal  failure,  culminating  in  the  death  of  Tecumseh  at 
the  battle  of  the  Thames,  and  the  close  of  the  war  of  1812  in  the  North west^ 
we  will  step  aside  in  our  story,  and  relate  the  principal  events  of  his  life» 
and  his  connection  with  this  conflict. 


THE   NOJITHWEST   TBREITORY. 


6» 


TECUMSEH,  THE  SHAWANOE  CHIEFTAIN. 


TO  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


TECUMSEH,  AND  THE  WAR  OF  1812. 

This  famous  Indian  chief  was  born  about  the  year  1768,  not  far  from 
the  site  of  the  present  City  of  Piqua,  Ohio.  His  father,  Puckeshinwa, 
was  a  member  of  the  Kisopok  tribe  of  the  Swanoese  nation,  and  his 
mother,  Methontaske,  was  a  member  of  the  Turtle  tribe  of  the  same 
people.  They  removed  from  Florida  about  the  middle  of  the  last  century 
to  the  birthplace  of  Tecumseh.  In  1774,  his  father,  who  had  risen  to  be 
chief,  was  slain  at  the  battle  of  Point  Pleasant,  and  not  long  after  Tecum- 
seh, by  his  bravery,  became  the  leader  of  his  tribe.  In  1795  he  was 
declared  chief,  and  then  lived  at  Deer  Creek,  near  the  site  of  the 
present  City  of  Urbana.  He  remained  here  about  one  year,  when  he 
returned  to  Piqua,  and  in  1798,  he  went  to  White  River,  Indiana.  In 
1805,  he  and  his  brother,  Laulewasikan  (Open  Door),  who  had  announced 
himself  as  a  prophet,  went  to  a  tract  of  land  on  the  Wabash  River,  given 
them  by  the  Pottawatomies  and  Kickapoos.  From  this  date  the  chief 
comes  into  prominence.  He  was  now  about  thirty-seven  years  of  age, 
was  five  feet  and  ten  inches  in  height,  was  stoutly  built,  and  possessed  of 
enormous  powers  of  endurance.  His  countenance  was  naturally  pleas- 
ing, and  he  was,  in  general,  devoid  of  those  savage  attributes  possessed 
by  most  Indians.  It  is  stated  he  could  read  and  write,  and  had  a  confi- 
dential secretary  and  adviser,  named  Billy  Caldwell,  a  half-breed,  who 
afterward  became  chief  of  the  Pottawatomies.  He  occupied  the  first 
house  built  on  the  site  of  Chicago.  At  this  time,  Tecumseh  entered 
upon  the  great  work  of  his  life.  He  had  long  objected  to  the  grants  of 
land  made  by  the  Indians  to  the  whites,  and  determined  to  unite  all  the 
Indian  tribes  into  a  league,  in  order  that  no  treaties  or  grants  of  land 
could  be  made  save  by  the  consent  of  this  confederation. 

He  traveled  constantly,  going  from  north  to  south ;  from  the  south 
to  the  north,  everywhere  urging  the  Indians  to  this  step.  He  was  a 
matchless  orator,  and  his  burning  words  had  their  effect. 

Gen.  Harrison,  then  Governor  of  Indiana,  by  watching  the  move- 
ments of  the  Indians,  became  convinced  that  a  grand  conspiracy  was 
forming,  and  made  preparations  to  defend  the  settlements.  Tecumseh's 
plan  was  similar  to  Pontiac's,  elsewhere  described,  and  to  the  cunning 
artifice  of  that  chieftain  was  added  his  own  sagacity. 

During  the  year  1809,  Tecumseh  and  the  prophet  were  actively  pre- 
paring for  the  work.  In  that  year,  Gen.  Harrison  entered  into  a  treaty 
with  the  Delawares,  Kickapoos,  Pottawatomies,  Miamis,  Eel  River  Indians 
and  Weas,  in  which  these  tribes  ceded  to  the  whites  certain  lands  upon 
the  Wabash,  to  all  of  which  Tecumseh  entered  a  bitter  protest,  averring 


THE   NORTHWEST   TEERITORY.  71 

as  one  principal  reason  that  he  did  not  want  the  Indians  to  give  up  any 
lands  north  and  west  of  the  Ohio  River. 

Tecumseh,  in  August,  1810,  visited  the  General  at  Vincennes  and 
held  a  council  relating  to  the  grievances  of  the  Indians.  Becoming  unduly 
angry  at  this  conference  he  was  dismissed  from  the  village,  and  soon  after 
departed  to  incite  the  southern  Indian  tribes  to  the  conflict. 

Gen.  Harrison  determined  to  move  upon  the  chiefs  headquarters  at 
Tippecanoe,  and  for  this  purpose  went  about  sixty-five  miles  up  the 
Wabash,  where  he  built  Fort  Harrison.  From  this  place  he  went  to  the 
prophet's  town,  where  he  informed  the  Indians  he  had  no  hostile  inten- 
tions, provided  they  were  true  to  the  existing  treaties.  He  encamped 
near  the  village  early  in  October,  and  on  the  morning  of  November  7,  he 
was  attacked  by  a  large  force  of  the  Indians,  and  the  famous  battle  of 
Tippecanoe  occurred.  The  Indians  were  routed  and  their  town  broken 
up.  Tecumseh  returning  not  long  after,  was  greatly  exasperated  at  his 
brother,  the  prophet,  even  threatening  to  kill  him  for  rashly  precipitating 
the  war,  and  foiling  his  (Tecumseh's)  plans. 

Tecumseh  sent  word  to  Gen.  Harrison  that  he  was  now  returned 
from  the  South,  and  was  ready  to  visit  the  President  as  had  at  one  time 
previously  been  proposed.  Gen.  Harrison  informed  him  he  could  not  go 
as  a  chief,  which  method  Tecumseh  desired,  and  the  visit  was  never 
made. 

In  June  of  the  following  year,  he  visited  the  Indian  agent  at 
Fort  Wayne.  Here  he  disavowed  any  intention  to  make  a  war  against 
the  United  States,  and  reproached  Gen.  Harrison  for  marching  against  his 
people.  The  agent  replied  to  this  ;  Tecumseh  listened  with  a  cold  indif- 
ference, and  after  making  a  few  general  remarks,  with  a  haughty  air  drew 
his  blanket  about  him,  left  the  council  house,  and  departed  for  Fort  Mai- 
den, in  Upper  Canada,  where  he  joined  the  British  standard. 

He  remained  under  this  Government,  doing  effective  work  for  the 
Crown  while  engaged  in  the  war  of  1812  which  now  opened.  He  was, 
however,  always  humane  in  his  treatment  of  the  prisoners,  never  allow- 
ing his  warriors  to  ruthlessly  mutilate  the  bodies  of  those  slain,  or  wan- 
tonly murder  the  captive. 

In  the  Summer  of  1813,  Perry's  victory  on  Lake  Erie  occurred,  and 
shortly  after  active  preparations  were  made  to  capture  Maiden.  On  the 
27th  of  September,  the  American  army,  under  Gen.  Harrison,  set  sail  for 
the  shores  of  Canada,  and  in  a  few  hours  stood  around  the  ruins  of  Mai- 
den, from  which  the  British  army,  under  Proctor,  had  retreated  to  Sand- 
wich, intending  to  make  its  way  to  the  heart  of  Canada  by  the  Valley  of 
the  Thames.  On  the  29th  Gen.  Harrison  was  at  Sandwich,  and  Gen. 
McArthur  took  possession  of  Detroit  and  the  territory  of  Michigan. 


72 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


On  the  2d  of  October,  the  Americans  began  their  pursuit  of  Proctor, 
whom  they  overtook  on  the  5th,  and  the  battle  of  the  Thames  followed. 
Early  in  the  engagement,  Tecumseh  who  was  at  the  head  of  the  column 
of  Indians  was  slain,  and  they,  no  longer  hearing  the  voice  of  their  chief- 
tain, fled.  The  victory  was  decisive,  and  practically  closed  the  war  in 
the  Northwest. 


INDIANS   ATTACKING   A   STOCKADE. 


Just  who  killed  the  great  chief  has  been  a  matter  of  much  dispute  ; 
but  the  weight  of  opinion  awards  the  act  to  Col.  Richard  M.  Johnson, 
who  fired  at  him  with  a  pistol,  the  shot  proving  fatal. 

In  1805  occurred  Burr's  Insurrection.  He  took  possession  of  a 
beautiful  island  in  the  Ohio,  after  the  killing  of  Hamilton,  and  is  charged 
by  many  with  attempting  to  set  up  an  independent  government.  His 
plans  were  frustrated  by  the  general  government,  his  property  confiscated 
and  he  was  compelled  to  flee  the  country  for  safety. 


THE  NOKTHWKST   TERBTTORT.  73 

In  January,  1807,  Governor  Hull,  of  Michigan  Territory,  made  a 
treaty  with  the  Indians,  whereby  all  that  peninsula  was  ceded  to  the 
United  States.  Before  the  close  of  the  year,  a  stockade  was  built  about 
Detroit.  It  was  also  during  this  year  that  Indiana  and  Illinois  Endeavored 
to  obtain  the  repeal  of  that  section  of  the  compact  of  1787,  whereby 
slavery  was  excluded  from  the  Northwest  Territory.  These  attempts, 
however,  all  signally  failed. 

In  1809  it  was  deemed  advisable  to  divide  the  Indiana  Territory. 
This  was  done,  and  the  Territory  of  Illinois  was  formed  from  the  western 
part,  the  seat  of  government  being  fixed  at  Kaskaskia.  The  next  year, 
the  intentions  of  Tecumseh  manifested  themselves  in  open  hostilities,  and 
then  began  the  events  already  narrated. 

While  this  war  was  in  progress,  emigration  to  the  West  went  on  with 
surprising  rapidity.  In  1811,  under  Mr.  Roosevelt  of  New  York,  the 
first  steamboat  trip  was  made  on  the  Ohio,  much  to  the  astonishment  of 
the  natives,  many  of  whom  fled  in  terror  at  the  appearance  of  the 
"  monster."  It  arrived  at  Louisville  on  the  10th  day  of  October.  At  the 
close  of  the  first  week  of  January,  1812,  it  arrived  at  Natchez,  after  being 
nearly  overwhelmed  in  the  great  earthquake  which  occurred  while  on  its 
downward  trip. 

The  battle  of  the  Thames  was  fought  on  October  6,  1813.  It 
efPectually  closed  hostilities  in  the  Northwest,  although  peace  was  not 
fully  restored  until  July  22,  1814,  when  a  treaty  was  formed  at  Green- 
ville, under  the  direction  of  General  Harrison,  between  the  United  States 
and  the  Indian  tribes,  in  which  it  was  stipulated  that  the  Indians  should 
cease  hostilities  against  the  Americans  if  the  war  were  continued.  Such, 
happily,  was  not  the  case,  and  on  the  24th  of  December  the  treaty 
of  Ghent  was  signed  by  the  representatives  of  England  and  the  United 
States.  This  treaty  was  followed  the  next  year  by  treaties  with  various 
Indian  tribes  throughout  the  West  and  Northwest,  and  quiet  was  again 
restored  in  this  part  of  the  new  world. 

On  the  18th  of  March,  1816,  Pittsburgh  was  incorporated  as  a  city. 
It  then  had  a  population  of  8,000  people,  and  was  already  noted  for  its 
manufacturing  interests.  On  April  19,  Indiana  Territory  was  allowed 
to  form  a  state  government.  At  that  time  there  were  thirteen  counties 
organized,  containing  about  sixty-three  thousand  inhabitants.  The  first 
election  of  state  officers  was  held  in  August,  when  Jonathan  Jennings 
was  chosen  Governor.  The  officers  were  sworn  in  on  November  7,  and 
on  December  11,  the  State  was  formally  admitted  into  the  Union.  For 
some  time  the  seat  of  government  was  at  Corydon,  but  a  more  central 
location  being  desirable,  the  present  capital,  Indianapolis  (City  of  Indiana), 
was  laid  out  January  1,  1825. 


74  THE   NOKTHWEST   TBRBITORT. 

On  the  28th  of  December  the  Bank  of  Illinois,  at  Shawneetown,  was 
chartered,  with  a  capital  of  $300,000.  At  this  period  all  banks  were 
under  the  control  of  the  States,  and  were  allowed  to  establish  braD^-hes 
at  different  convenient  points. 

Until  this  time  Chillicothe  and  Cincinnati  had  in  turn  enjoyed  the 
privileges  of  being  the  capital  of  Ohio.  But  the  rapid  settlement  of  the 
northern  and  eastern  portions  of  the  State  demanded,  as  in  Indiana,  a 
more  central  location,  and  before  the  close  of  the  year,  the  site  of  Col- 
umbus was  selected  and  surveyed  as  the  future  capital  of  the  State. 
Banking  had  begun  in  Ohio  as  early  as  1808,  when  the  first  bank  was 
chartered  at  Marietta,  but  here  as  elsewhere  it  did  not  bring  to  the  state 
the  hoped-for  assistance.  It  and  other  banks  were  subsequently  unable 
to  redeem  their  currency,  and  were  obliged  to  suspend. 

In  1818,  Illinois  was  made  a  state,  and  all  the  territory'  north  of  her 
northern  limits  was  erected  into  a  separate  territory  and  joined  to  Mich- 
igan for  judicial  purposes.  By  the  following  year,  navigation  of  the  lakes 
was  increasing  with  great  rapidity  and  affording  an  immense  source  of 
revenue  to  the  dwellers  in  the  Northwest,  but  it  was  not  until  1826  that 
the  trade  was  extended  to  Lake  Michigan,  or  that  steamships  began  to 
navigate  the  bosom  pf  that  inland  sea. 

Until  the  year  1832,  the  commencement  of  the  Black  Hawk  War, 
but  few  hostilities  were  experienced  with  the  Indians.  Roads  were 
opened,  canals  were  dug,  cities  were  built,  common  schools  were  estab- 
lished, universities  were  founded,  many  of  which,  especially  the  Michigan 
University,  have  achieved  a  world  wide-reputation.  The  people  were 
becoming  wealthy.  The  domains  of  the  United  States  had  been  extended, 
and  had  the  sons  of  the  forest  been  treated  with  honesty  and  justice,  the 
record  of  many  years  would  have  been  that  of  peace  and  continuous  pros- 
perity. 

BLACK  HAWK  AND  THE  BLACK  HAWK  WAR. 

This  conflict,  though  confined  to  Illinois,  is  an  important  epoch  in 
the  Northwestern  history,  being  the  last  war  with  the  Indians  in  this  part 
of  the  United  States. 

Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiah,  or  Black  Hawk,  was  born  in  the  principal 
Sac  village,,  about  three  miles  from  the  junction  of  Rock  River  with  the 
Mississippi,  in  the  year  1767.  His  father's  name  was  Py-e-sa  or  Pahaes  ; 
his  grandfather's,  Na-na-ma-kee,  or  the  Thunderer.  Black  Hawk  early 
distinguished  himself  as  a  warrior,  and  at  the  age  of  fifteen  was  permitted 
to  paint  and  was  ranked  among  the  braves.  About  the  year  1783,  he 
went  on  an  expedition  against  the  enemies  of  his  nation,  the  Osages,  one 


THE   NOETHWEST   TBRKITORY. 


75 


BLACK  HAWK,  THE  SAC  CHIEFTAIN. 


76  THE  NOETHWEST   TEREITOEY. 

of  whom  he  killed  and  scalped,  and  for  this  deed  of  Indian  bravery  he  waa 
permitted  to  join  in  the  scalp  dance.  Three  or  four  years  after  he,  at  the 
head  of  two  hundred  braves,  went  on  another  expedition  against  the 
Osages,  to  avenge  the  murder  of  some  women  and  children  belonging  to 
his  own  tribe.  Meeting  an  equal  number  of  Osage  warriors,  a  fierce 
battle  ensued,  in  which  the  latter  tribe  lost  one-half  their  number.  The 
Sacs  lost  only  about  nineteen  warriors.  He  next  attacked  the  Cherokees 
for  a  similar  cause.  In  a  severe  battle  with  them,  near  the  present  City 
of  St.  Louis,  his  father  was  slain,  and  Black  Hawk,  taking  possession  of 
the  ""Medicine  Bag,"  at.  once  announced  himself  chief  of  the  Sac  nation. 
He  had  now  conquered  the  Cherokees,  and  about  the  year  1800,  at  the 
head  of  five  hundred  Sacs  and  Foxes,  and  a  hundred  lowas,  he  waged 
war  against  the  Osage  nation  and  subdued  it.  For  two  years  he  battled 
successfully  with  other  Indian  tribes,  all  of  whom  he  conquered. 

Black  Hawk  does  not  at  any  time  seem  to  have  been  friendly  to 
the  Americans.  "When  on  a  visit  to  St.  Louis  to  see  his  "  Spanish 
Father,"  he  declined  to  see  any  of  the  Americans,  alleging,  as  a  reason, 
he  did  not  want  two  fathers. 

The  treaty  at  St.  Louis  was  consummated  in  1804.  The  next  year  the 
United  States  Government  erected  a  fort  near  the  head  of  the  Des  Moines 
Rapids,  called  Fort  Edwards.  This  seemed  to  enr^e  Black  Hawk^  who 
at  once  determined  to  capture  Fort  Madison,  standing  on  the  west  side  of 
the  Mississippi  above  the  mouth  of  the  Des  Moines  River.  The  fort  was 
garrisoned  by  about  fifty  men.  Here  he  was  defeated.  The  difficulties 
with  the  British  Government  arose  about  this  time,  and  the  War  of  1812 
followed.  That  government,  extending  aid  to  the  Western  Indians,  by 
giving  them  arms  and  ammunition,  induced  them  to  remain  hostile  to  the 
Americans.  In  August,  1812,  Black  Hawk,  at  the  head  of  about  five 
hundred  braves,  started  to  join  the  British  forces  at  Detroit,  passing  on 
his  way  the  site  of  Chicago,  where  the  famous  Fort  Dearborn  Massacre 
had  a  few  days  before  occurred.  Of  his  connection  with  the  British 
Government  but  little  is  known.  In  1813  he  with  his  little  band  descended 
the  Mississippi,  and  attacking  some  United  States  troops  at  Fort  Howard 
was  defeated. 

In  the  early  part  of  1815,  the  Indian  tribes  west  of  the  Mississippi 
were  notified  that  peace  had  been  declared  between  the  United  States 
and  England,  and  nearly  all  hostilities  had  ceased.  Black  Hawk  did  not 
sign  any  treaty,  however,  until  May  of  the  following  year.  He  then  recog- 
nized the  validity  of  the  treaty  at  St.  Louis  in  1804.  From  the  time  of 
signing  this  treaty  in  1816,  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  in  1832,  he 
and  his  band  passed  their  time  in  the  common  pursuits  of  Indian  life. 

Ten  years  before  the  commencement  of  this  war,  the  Sac  and  Fox 


TELE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  77 

Indians  were  urged  to  join  the  lowas  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Father  of 
"Waters.  All  were  agreed,  save  the  band  known  as  the  British  Band,  of 
which  Black  Hawk  was  leader.  He  strenuously  objected  to  the  removal, 
and  was  induced  to  comply  only  after  being  threatened  with  the  power  of 
the  Government.  This  and  various  actions  on  the  part  of  the  white  set- 
tlers provoked  Black  Hawk  and  his  band  to  attempt  the  capture  of  his 
native  village  now  occupied  by  the  whites.  The  war  followed.  He  and 
his  actions  were  undoubtedly  misunderstood,  and  had  his  wishes  been 
acquiesced  in  at  the  beginning  of  the  struggle,  much  bloodshed  would 
have  been  prevented. 

Black  Hawk  was  chief  now  of  the  Sac  and  Fox  nations,  and  a  noted 
warrior.  He  and  his  tribe  inhabited  a  village  on  Rock  River,  nearly  three 
miles  above  its  confluence  with  the  Mississippi,  where  the  tribe  had  lived 
many  generations.  When  that  portion  of  Illinois  was  reserved  to  them, 
they  remained  in  peaceable  possession  of  their  reservation,  spending  their 
time  in  the  enjoyment  of  Indian  life.  The  fine  situation  of  their  village 
and  the  quality  of  their  lands  incited  the  more  lawless  white  settlers,  who 
from  time  to  time  began  to  encroach  upon  the  red  men's  domain.  From 
one  pretext  to  another,  and  from  one  step  to  another,  the  crafty  white 
men  gained  a  foothold,  until  through  whisky  and  artifice  they  obtained 
deeds  from  many  of  the  Indians  for  their  possessions.  The  Indians  were 
finally  induced  to  cross  over  the  Father  of  Waters  and  locate  among  the 
lowas.  Black  Hawk  was  strenuously  opposed  to  all  this,  but  as  the 
authorities  of  Illinois  and  the  United  States  thought  this  the  best  move,  he 
was  forced  to  comply.  Moreover  other  tribes  joined  the  whites  and  urged 
the  removal.  Black  Hawk  would  not  agree  to  the  terms  of  the  treaty 
made  with  his  nation  for  their  lands,  and  as  soon  as  the  military,  called  to 
enforce  his  removal,  had  retired,  he  returned  to  the  Illinois  side  of  the 
river.  A  large  force  was  at  once  raised  and  marched  against  him.  On 
the  evening  of  May  14,  1832,  the  first  engagement  occurred  between  a 
band  from  this  army  and  Black  Hawk's  band,  in  which  the  former  were 
defeated. 

This  attack  and  its  result  aroused  the  whites.  A  large  force  of  men 
was  raised,  and  Gen.  Scott  hastened  from  the  seaboard,  by  way  of  the 
lakes,  with  United  States  troops  and  artillery  to  aid  in  the  subjugation  of 
the  Indians.  On  the  24th  of  June,  Black  Hawk,  with  200  warriors,  was 
repulsed  by  Major  Demont  between  Rock  River  and  Galena.  The  Ameri- 
can army  continued  to  move  up  Rock  River  toward  the  main  body  of 
the  Indians,  and  on  the  21st  of  July  came  upon  Black  Hawk  and  his  band, 
and  defeated  them  near  the  Blue  Mounds. 

Before  this  action,  Gen.  Henry,  in  command,  sent  word  to  the  main 
army  by  whom  he  was  immediately  rejoined,  and  the  whole  crossed  the 

N0TE.-The  above  Is  the  generally  accepted  verMon  of  the  e^fj,"' »?«»!*.  ?,ave''  ^"think,'fouSd  ^bT&^ 
Jo  Daviess  Connty.  111.,  we  had  occasion  1o  gn  lo  the  huttom  of  this  matter,  ana  nave,  we  inmis.,  luuu.. 
cause  of  the  war,  which  will  be  found  on  page  157. 


78  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

Wisconsin  in  pursuit  of  Black  Hawk  and  his  band  who  were  fleeing  to  the 
Mississippi.  They  were  overtaken  on  the  2d  of  August,  and  in  the  battle 
which  followed  the  power  of  the  Indian  chief  was  completely  broken.  He 
fled,  but  was  seized  by  the  Winnebagoes  and  delivered  to  the  whites. 

On  the  21st  of  September,  1832,  Gen.  Scott  and  Gov.  Reynolds  con- 
cluded a  treaty  with  the  Winnebagoes,  Sacs  and  Foxes  by  which  they 
ceded  to  the  United  States  a  vast  tract  of  country,  and  agreed  to  remain 
peaceable  with  the  whites.  For  the  faithful  performance  of  the  provi- 
sions of  this  treaty  on  the  part  of  the  Indians,  it  was  stipulated  that 
Black  Hawk,  his  two  sons,  the  prophet  Wabokieshiek,  and  six  other  chiefs 
of  the  hostile  bands  should  be  retained  as  hostages  during  the  pleasure 
of  the  President.    They  were  confined  at  Fort  Barracks  and  put  in  irons. 

The  next  Spring,  by  order  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  they  were  taken 
to  Washington.  From  there  they  were  removed  to  Fortress  Monroe, 
"there  to  remain  until  the  conduct  of  their  nation  was  such  as  to  justify 
their  being  set  at  liberty."  They  were  retained  here  until  the  4th  of 
June,  when  the  authorities  directed  them  to  be  taken  to  the  principal 
cities  so  that  they  might  see  the  folly  of  contending  against  the  white 
people.  Everywhere  they  were  observed  by  thousands,  the  name  of  the 
old  chief  being  extensively  known.  By  the  middle  of  August  they 
reached  Fort  Armstrong  on  Rock  Island,  where  Black  Hawk  was  soon 
after  released  to  go  to  his  countrymen.  As  he  passed  the  site  of  his  birth- 
place, now  the  home  of  the  white  man,  he  was  deeply  moved.  His  village 
'where  he  was  born,  where  he  had  so  happily  lived,  and  where  he  had 
hoped  to  die,  was  now  another's  dwelling  place,  and  he  was  a  wanderer. 

On  the  next  day  after  his  release,  he  went  at  once  to  his  tribe  and 
his  lodge.  His  wife  was  yet  living,  and  with  her  he  passed  the  remainder 
of  his  days.  To  his  credit  it  may  be  said  that  Black  Hawk  always  re- 
mained true  to  his  wife,  and  served  her  with  a  devotion  uncommon  among 
the  Indians,  living  with  her  upward  of  forty  years. 

Black  Hawk  now  passed  his  time  hunting  and  fishing.  A  deep  mel- 
ancholy had  settled  over  him  from  which  he  could  not  be  freed.  At  all 
times  when  he  visited  the  whites  he  was  received  with  marked  atten- 
tion. He  was  an  honored  guest  at  the  old  settlers'  reunion  in  Lee  County, 
Illinois,  at  some  of  their  meetings,  and  received  many  tokens  of  esteem. 
In  September,  1838,  while  on  his  way  to  Rock  Island  to  receive  his 
annuity  from  the  Government,  he  contracted  a  severe  cold  which  resulted 
in  a  fatal  attack  of  bilious  fever  which  terminated  his  life  on  October  3. 
His  faithful  wife,  who  was  devotedly  attached  to  him,  mourned  deeply 
during  his  sickness.  After  his  death  he  was  dressed  in  the  uniform  pre- 
sented to  him  by  the  President  while  in  Washington.  He  was  buried  in 
a  grave  six  feet  in  depth,  situated  upon  a  beautiful  eminence.     "  The 


THE   NORTHWEST   TEEKITOEY.  79 

body  was  placed  in  the  middle  of  the  grave,  in  a  sitting  posture,  upon  a 
seat  constructed  for  the  purpose.  On  his  left  side,  the  cane,  given  him 
by  Henry  Clay,  was  placed  upright,  with  his  right  hand  resting  upon  it. 
Many  of  the  old  warrior's  trophies  were  placed  in  the  grave,  and  some 
Indian  garments,  together  with  his  favorite  weapons." 

No  sooner  was  the  Black  Hawk  war  concluded  than  settlers  began 
rapidly  to  pour  into  the  northern  parts  of  Illinois,  and  into  Wisconsin, 
now  free  from  Indian  depredations.  Chicago,  from  a  trading  post,  had 
grown  to  a  commercial  center,  and  was  rapidly  coming  into  prominence. 
In  1835,  the  formation  of  a  State  Government  in  Michigan  was  discussed, 
but  did  not  take  active  form  until  two  years  later,  when  the  State  became 
a  part  of  the  Federal  Union. 

The  main  attraction  to  that  portion  of  the  Northwest  lying  west  of 
Lake  Michigan,  now  included  in  the  State  of  Wisconsin,  was  its  alluvial 
wealth.  Copper  ore  was  found  about  Lake  Superior.  For  some  time  this 
region  was  attached  to  Michigan  for  judiciary  purposes,  but  in  183()  was 
made  a  territory,  then  including  Minnesota  and  Iowa.  The  latter  State 
was  detached  two  years  later.  In  1848,  Wisconsin  was  admitted  as  a 
State,  Madison  being  made  the  capital.  We  have  now  traced  the  various 
divisions  of  the  Northwest  Territory  (save  a  little  in  Minnesota)  from 
the  time  it  was  a  unit  comprising  this  vast  territory,  until  circumstances 
compelled  its  present  division. 

OTHER   INDIAN   TROUBLES. 

Before  leaving  this  part  of  the  narrative,  we  will  narrate  briefly  the 
Indian  troubles  in  Minnesota  and  elsewhere  by  the  Sioux  Indians. 

In  August,  1862,  the  Sioux  Indians  living  on  the  western  borders  of 
Minnesota  fell  upon  the  unsuspecting  settlers,  and  in  a  few  hours  mas- 
sacred ten  or  twelve  hundred  persons.  A  distressful  panic  was  the 
immediate  result,  fully  thirty  thousand  persons  fleeing  from  their  homes 
to  districts  supposed  to  be  better  protected.  The  military  authorities 
at  once  took  active  measures  to  punish  the  savages,  and  a  large  number 
were  killed  and  captured.  About  a  year  after.  Little  Crow,  the  chief, 
was  killed  by  a  Mr.  Lampson  near  Scattered  Lake.  Of  those  captured, 
thirty  were  hung  at  Mankato,  and  the  remainder,  through  fears  of  mob 
violence,  were  removed  to  Camp  McClellan,  on  the  outskirts  of  the  City 
of  Davenport.  It  was  here  that  Big  Eagle  came  into  prominence  and 
secured  his  release  by  the  following  order : 


80 


THE  NOKTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


I 


BIG  EAGLE. 


THE   ^ifOBTHWEST   TEBRITOEY.  3J 

"  Special  Order,  No.  430.  "  Wak  Department, 

"  Adjutant  General's  Office,  Washington,  Dec.  3, 1864. 

"Big  Eagle,  an  Indian  now  in  confinement  at  Davenport,  Iowa, 
will,  upon  the  receipt  of  this  order,  be  immediately  released  from  confine- 
ment and  set  at  liberty. 

"  By  order  of  the  President  of  the  United  States. 
"  Official :  "  E.  D.  Townsend,  Ass't  Adft  Gen, 

"  Capt.  James  Vanderventer,  Com'i/  Sub.  Vols. 

"  Through  Com'g  Gen'l,  Washington,  D.  C." 

Another  Indian  who  figures  more  prominently  than  Big  Eagle,  and 
who  was  more  cowardly  in  his  nature,  with  his  band  of  Modoc  Indians^ 
is  noted  in  the  annals  of  the  New  Northwest :  we  refer  to  Captain  Jack. 
This  distinguished  Indian,  noted  for  his  cowardly  murder  of  Gen.  Canby> 
was  a  chief  of  a  Modoc  tribe  of  Indians  inhabiting  the  border  lands 
between  California  and  Oregon.  This  region  of  country  comprises  what 
is  known  as  the  "  Lava  Beds,"  a  tract  of  land  described  as  utterly  impene- 
trable, save  by  those  savages  who  had  made  it  their  home. 

The  Modocs  are  known  as  an  exceedingly  fierce  and  treacherous 
race.  They  had,  according  to  their  own  traditions,  resided  here  for  many 
generations,  and  at  one  time  were  exceedingly  numerous  and  powerful. 
A  famine  carried  off  nearly  half  their  numbers,  and  disease,  indolence 
and  the  vices  of  the  white  man  have  reduced  them  to  a  poor,  weak  and 
insignificant  tribe. 

Soon  after  the  settlement  of  California  and  Oregon,  complaints  began 
to  be  heard  of  massacres  of  emigrant  trains  passing  through  the  Modoe 
country.  In  1847,  an  emigrant  train,  comprising  eighteen  souls,  was  en- 
tirely destroyed  at  a  place  since  known  as  "  Bloody  Point."  These  occur- 
rences caused  the  United  States  Government  to  appoint  a  peace  commission ,. 
who,  after  repeated  attempts,  in  1864,  made  a  treaty  with  the  Modocs, 
Snakes  and  Klamaths,  in  which  it  was  agreed  on  their  part  to  remove  to- 
a  reservation  set  apart  for  them  in  the  southern  part  of  Oregon. 

With  the  exception  of  Captain  Jack  and  a  band  of  his  followers,  who 
remained  at  Clear  Lake,  about  six  miles  from  Klamath,  all  the  Indians 
complied.  The  Modocs  who  went  to  the  reservation  were  under  chief 
Schonchin.  Captain  Jack  remained  at  the  lake  without  disturbance 
until  1869,  when  he  was  also  induced  to  remove  to  the  reservation.  The 
Modocs  and  the  Klamaths  soon  became  involved  in  a  quarrel,  and  Captain 
Jack  and  his  band  returned  to  the  Lava  Beds. 

Several  attempts  were  made  by  the  Indian  Commissioners  to  induce 
them  to  return  to  the  reservation,  and  finally  becoming  involved  in  a 


82  THE   NORTHWEST   TBEEITOEY. 

difficulty  with  the  commissioner  and  his  military  escort,  a  fight  ensued, 
in  which  the  chief  and  his  band  were  routed.  They  were  greatly  enraged, 
and  on  their  retreat,  before  the  day  closed,  killed  eleven  inoffensive  whites. 

The  nation  was  aroused  and  immediate  action  demanded.  A  com- 
mission was  at  once  appointed  by  the  Government  to  see  what  could  be 
done.  It  comprised  the  following  persons :  Gen.  E.  R.  S.  Canby,  Rev. 
I>r.  E.  Thomas,  a  leading  Methodist  divine  of  California ;  Mr.  A.  B. 
Meacham,  Judge  Rosborough,  of  California,  and  a  Mr.  Dyer,  of  Oregon. 
After  several  interviews,  in  which  the  savages  were  always  aggressive, 
often  appearing  with  scalps  in  their  belts.  Bogus  Charley  came  to  the 
commission  on  the  evening  of  April  10,  1873,  and  informed  them  that 
Capt.  Jack  and  his  band  would  have  a  "  talk  "  to-morrow  at  a  place  near 
Clear  Lake,  about  three  miles  distant.  Here  the  Commissioners,  accom- 
panied by  Charley,  Riddle,  the  interpreter,  and  Boston  Charley  repaired. 
After  the  usual  greeting  the  council  proceedings  commenced.  On  behalf 
of  the  Indians  there  were  present :  Capt.  Jack,  Black  Jim,  Schnac  Nasty 
Jim,  Ellen's  Man,  and  Hooker  Jim.  They  had  no  guns,  but  carried  pis- 
tols. After  short  speeches  by  Mr.  Meacham,  Gen.  Canby  and  Dr.  Thomas, 
Chief  Schonchin  arose  to  speak.  He  had  scarcely  proceeded  when, 
as  if  by  a  preconcerted  arrangement,  Capt.  Jack  drew  his  pistol  and  shot 
Gen.  Canby  dead.  In  less  than  a  minute  a  dozen  shots  were  fired  by  the 
savages,  and  the  massacre  completed.  Mr.  Meacham  was  shot  by  Schon- 
chin, and  Dr.  Thomas  by  Boston  Charley.  Mr.  Dyer  barely  escaped,  being 
fired  at  twice.  Riddle,  the  interpreter,  and  his  squaw  escaped.  The 
troops  rushed  to  the  spot  where  they  found  Gen.  Canby  and  Dr.  Thomas 
dead,  and  Mr.  Meacham  badly  wounded.  The  savages  had  escaped  to 
their  impenetrable  fastnesses  and  could  not  be  pursued. 

The  whole  country  was  aroused  by  this  brutal  massacre ;  but  it  was 
not  until  the  following  May  that  ,the  murderers  were  brought  to  justice. 
At  that  time  Boston  Charley  gave  himself  up,  and  offered  to  guide  the 
troops  to  Capt.  Jack's  stronghold.  This  led  to  the  capture  of  his  entire 
gang,  a  number  of  whom  were  murdered  b^'  Oregon  volunteers  while  on 
their  way  to  trial.  The  remaining  Indians  were  held  as  prisoners  until 
July  when  their  trial  occurred,  which  led  to  the  conviction  of  Capt. 
Jack,  Schonchin,  Boston  Charley,  Hooker  Jim,  Broncho,  alias  One-Eyed 
Jim,  and  Slotuck,  who  were  sentenced  to  be  hanged.  These  sentences 
were  approved  by  the  President,-save  in  the  case  of  Slotuck  and  Broncho 
whose  sentences  were  commuted  to  imprisonment  for  life.  The  others 
were  executed  at  Fort  Klamath,  October  3,  1873. 

These  closed  the  Indian  troubles  for  a  time  in  the  Northwest,  and  for 
several  years  the  borders  of  civilization  remained  in  peace.  They  were 
again  involved  in  a   conflict  with  the  savages  about  the  country  of  the 


THE   NORTHWEST   TEKEITOET. 


S3 


r  i '  * 


CAPTAIN  JACK,  THE  MODOC  CHIEFTAIN. 


!J4  THE  NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

Black  Hills,  in  which  war  the  gallant  Gen.  Custer  lost  his  life.  Just 
now  the  borders  of  Oregon  and  California  are  again  in  fear  of  hostilities  ; 
but  as  the  Government  has  learned  how  to  deal  with  the  Indians,  they 
will  be  of  short  duration.  The  red  man  is  fast  passing  away  before  the 
march  of  the  white  man,  and  a  few  more  generations  will  read  of  the 
Indians  as  one  of  the  nations  of  the  past. 

The  Northwest  abounds  in  memorable  places.  We  have  generally- 
noticed  them  in  the  narrative,  but'our  space  forbids  their  description  in 
detail,  save  of  the  most  important  places.  Detroit,  Cincinnati,  Vincennes, 
Kaskaskia  and  their  kindred  towns  have  all  been  described.  But  ere  we 
leave  the  narrative  we  will  present  our  readers  with  an  account  of  the 
Kinzie  house,  the  old  landmark  of  Chicago,  and  the  discovery  of  the 
source  of  the  Mississippi  River,  each  of  which  may  well  find  a  place  in 
the  annals  of  the  Northwest. 

Mr.  John  Kinzie,  of  the  Kinzie  house,  represented  in  the  illustra- 
tion, established  a  trading  house  at  Fort  Dearborn  in-1804.  The  stockade 
had  been  erected  the  year  previous,  and  named  Fort  Dearborn  in  Jionor 
of  the  Secretary  of  War.  It  had  a  block  house  at  each  of  the  two  angles, 
on  the  southern  side  a  sallyport,  a  covered  way  on  the  north  side,  that  led 
down  to  the  river,  for  the  double  purpose  of  providing  means  of  escape; 
and  of  procuring  water  in  the  event  of  a  siege. 

Fort  Dearborn  stood  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Chicago  River,  about 
half  a  mile  from  its  mouth.  When  Major  Whistler  built  it,  his  soldiers 
hauled  all  the  timber,  for  he  had  no,  oxen,  and  so  economically  did  he 
work  that  the  fort  cost  the  Government  only  fifty  dollars.  For  a  while 
the  garrison  could  get  no  grain,  and  Whistler  and  his  men  subsisted. on 
acorns.     Now  Chicago  is  the  greatest  grain  center  in  the  world. 

Mr.  Kinzie  bought  the  hut  of  the  first  settler,  Jean  Baptiste  Point  au 
Sable,  on  the  site  of  which  he  erected  his  mansion.  Within  an  inclosure 
in  front  he  planted  some  Lombardy  poplars,  seen  in  the  engraving,  and  in 
the  rear  he  soon  had  a  fine  garden  and  growing  orchard. 

In  1812  the  Kinzie  house  and  its  surroundings  became  the  theater 
of  stirring  events.  The  garrison  of  Fort  Dearborn  consisted  of  fifty-four 
men,  under  the  charge  of  Capt.  Nathan  Heald,  assisted  by  Lieutenant 
Lenai  T.  Helm  (son-in-law  to  Mrs.  Kinzie),  and  Ensign  Ronan.  The 
surgeon  was  Dr.  Voorhees.  The  only  residents  at  the  post  at  that  time 
were  the  wives  of  Capt.  Heald  and  Lieutenant  Helm  and  a  few  of  the 
soldiers,  Mr.  Kinzie  and  his  family,  and  a  few  Canadian  voyagers  with  their 
wives  and  children.  The  soldiers  and  Mr.  Kinzie  were  on  the  most 
friendly  terms  with  the  Pottawatomies  and  the  Winnebagoes,  the  prin- 
cipal ti-ibes  around  them,  but  they  could  not  win  them  from  their  attach- 
ment to  the  British. 


THE   NORTHWEST   TEERTTOKT. 


85 


After  the  battle  of  Tippecanoe  it  was  observed  that  some  of  the  lead- 
ing chiefs  became  sullen,  for  some  of  their  people  had  perished  in  that 
conflict  with.  American  troops. 

One  evening  in  April,  1812,  Mr.  Kinzie  sat  playing  his  violin  "and  his 
children  were  dancing  to  the  music,  when  Mrs.  Kinzie  came  rushing  into 
the  house  pale  with  terror,  and  exclaiming,  "  The  Indians !  the  Indians !  " 
"  What?  Where  ?  "  eagerly  inquired  Mr.  Kinzie.  "  Up  at  Lee's,  killing 
and  scalping,"  answered  the  frightened  mother,  who,  when  the  alarm  was 
given,  was  attending  Mrs.  Burns,  a  newly-made  mother,  living  not  far  off. 


KINZIE    HOirSB. 


Mr.  Kinzie  and  his  family  crossed  the  river  in  boats,  and  took  refuge  in 
the  fort,  to  which  place  Mrs.  Burns  and  her  infant,  not  a  day  old,  were 
conveyed  in  safety  to  the  shelter  of  the  guns  of  Fort  Dearborn,  and  the 
rest  of  the  white  inhabitants  fled.  The  Indians  were  a  scalping  party  of 
Winnebagoes,  who  hovered  around  the  fort  some  days,  when  t^ey  dis- 
appeared, and  for  several  weeks  the  inhabitants  were  not  disturbed  by 

alarms.  , 

Chicago  was  then  so  deep  in  the  wilderness,  that  the  news  ot  ttie 
declaration  of  war  against  Great  Britain,  made  on  the  19th  of  June,  181A 
did  not  reach  the  commander  of  the  garrison  at  Fort  Dearborn  till  the  7th 
of  August.  Now  the  fast  mail  train  will  carry  a  man  from  New  York  to 
Chicago  in  twenty-seven  hours,  and  such  a  declaration  might  be  sent, 
every  word,  by  the  telegraph  in  less  than  the  same  number  of  minutes. 


86  THE  irOETHrWEST   TBERITOBY. 

PRESENT    CONDITION    OF    THE    NORTHWEST. 

Preceding  chapters  have  brought  us  to  the  close  of  the  Black  Hawk 
war,  and  we  now  turn  to  the  contemplation  of  the  growth  and  prosperity 
of  the  Northwest  under  the  smile  of  peace  and  the  blessings  of  our  civili- 
Ka.tion.     The  pioneers  of  this  region  date  events  back  to  the  deep  snow 


A    EEPKESENTATIVB    PIONEER. 


of  1831,  no  one  arriving  here  since  that  date  taking  first  honors.  The 
inciting  cause  of  the  immigration  which  overflowed  the  prairies  early  in 
the  '30s  was  the  reports  of  the  marvelous  beauty  and  fertility  of  the 
region  distributed  through  the  East  by  those  who  had  participated  in  the 
Black  Hawk  campaign  with  Gen.  Scott.  Chicago  and  Milwaukee  then 
had  a  few  hundred  inhabitants,  and  Gurdon  S.  Hubbard's  trail  from  the 
former  city  to  Kaskaskia  led  almost  through  a  wilderness.  Vegetables 
and  clothing  were  largely  distributed  through  the  regions  adjoining  the 


THE  NORTHWEST  TEBBITOKY. 


87 


lakes  by  steamers  from  the  Ohio  towns.     There  are  men  now  living  in 
Illinois  who  came  to  the  state  when  barely  an  acre  was  in  cultivation, 
and  a  man  now  prominent  in  the  business  circles  of  Chicago  looked  over 
the  swampy,  cheerless  site  of  that  metropolis  in  1818  and  went  south 
ward-into  civilization.     Emigrants  from  Pennsylvania  in  1830  left  behind 


LINCOLN  .MONUMENT,    SPBINGFIBLD,   ILLINOIS. 

them  but  one  small  railway  in  the  coal  regions,  thirty  miles  in  length, 
and  made  their  way  to  the  Northwest  mostly  with  ox  teams,  finding  m 
Northern  Illinois  petty  settlements  scores  of  miles  apart,  although  the 
southern  portion  of  the  state  was  fairly  dotted  with  farms.  The 
water  courses  of  the  lakes  and  rivers  furnished  transportation  to  the 
second  great  army  of  immigrants,  and  about  1850  railroads  were 
pushed  to  that  extent  that  the  crisis  of  1837  was  precipitated  upon  us, 


88 


THE   NORTHWEST   TEBKITORY. 


from  the  effects  of  which  the  "Western  country  had  not  fully  recovered 
at  the  outbreak  of  the  war.  Hostilities  found  the  colonists  of  the  prairies 
fully  alive  to  the  demands  of  the  occasion,  and  the  honor  of  recruiting 


the  vast  armies  of  the  Union  fell  largely  to  the  Governors  of  the  Western 
States.  The  struggle,  on  the  whole,  had  a  marked  effect  for  the  better  on  the 
new  Northwest,  giving  it  an  impetus  which  twenty  years  of  peace  would  not  have 
produced.  In  a  large  degree,  this  prosperity  was  an  inflated  one;  and,  with 
the  rest  of  the  Union,  we  have  since  been  compelled  to  atone  therefor  by  four 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  §9 

years  of  depression  of   values,  of   scarcity  of  employment,  and  loss  of 

fortune.     To  a  less  degree,  however,  than  the  manufacturing  or  mining 

regions  has  the  West  suffered  during  the  prolonged  panic  now  so  near  its 

end.     Agriculture,  still  the  leading  feature  in  our  industrie.s,  has  been 

quite  prosperous  through  all  these  dark  years,  and  the  farmers  have 

cleared  away  many  incumbrances  resting  over  them  from  the'  period  of 

fictitious  values.     The  population  has  steadily  increased,  the  arts  and 

sciences  are  gaining  a  stronger  foothold,  the  trade  area  of  the  region  is 

becomiftg  daily  more  extended,  and  we  have  been  largely  exempt  from 

the  financial  calamities  which  have  nearly  wrecked  communities  on  the 

seaboard  dependent  wholly  on  foreign  commerce  or  domestic  manufacture. 

At  the  present  period  there  are  no  great  schemes  broached  for  the 

Northwest,  no  propositions  for  government  subsidies  or  national  works 

of  improvement,  but  the  capital  of  the  world  is  attracted  hither  for  the 

purchase  of  our  products  or  the  expansion  of  our  capacity  for  serving  the 

nation  at  large.     A  new  era  is  dawning  as  to  transportation,  and  we  bid 

fair  to  deal  almost  exclusively  with  the  increasing  and  expanding  lines 

of  steel  rail  running  through  every  few  miles  of  territory  on  the  prairies. 

The  lake  marine  will  no  doubt  continue  to  be  useful  in  the  warmer 

season,  and  to  serve  as  a  regulator  of  freight  rates;  but  experienced 

navigators  forecast  the  decay  of  the  system  in  moving  to  the  seaboard 

the  enormous   crops   of  the   West.     Within  the  past  five  years  it  has 

become  quite  common  to  see  direct  shipments  to  Europe  and  the  West 

Indies  going  through  from  the  second-class  towns  along  the  Mississippi 

and  Missouri. 

As  to  popular  education,  the  standard  has  of  late  risen  very  greatly, 
and  our  schools  would  be  creditable  to  any  section  of  the  Union. 

More  and  more  as  the  events  of  the  war  pass  into  obscurity  will  the 
fate  of  the  Northwest  be  linked  with  that  of  the  Southwest,  and  the 
next  Congressional  apportionment  will  give  the  valley  of  the  Mississippi 
absolute  control  of  the  legislation  of  the  nation,  and  do  much  toward 
securing  the  removal  of  the  Federal  capitol  to  some  more  central  location. 
Our  public  men  continue  to  wield  the  full  share  of  influence  pertam- 
ing  to  their  rank  in  the  national  autonomy,  and  seem  not  to  forget  that 
for  the  past  sixteen  years  they  and  their  constituents  have  dictated  the 
principles  which  should  govern  the  country. 

In  a  work  like  this,  destined  to  lie  on  the  shelves  of  the  library  for 
generations,  and  not  doomed  to  daily  destruction  like  a  newspaper,  one 
can  not  indulge  in  the  same  glowing  predictions,  the  sanguine  statements 
of  actualities  that  fill  the  columns  of  ephemeral  publications.  Time  may 
bring  grief  to  the  pet  projects  of  a  writer,  and  explode  castles  erected  on 
a  pedestal  of  facts.     Yet  there  are  unmistakable  indications  before  us  of 


90  THE   NOETHWJbiST   TERKITOEY. 

the  same  radical  change  in  our  great  Northwest  which  characterizes  its 
history  for  the  past  thirty  years.  Our  domain  has  a  sort  of  natural 
geographical  border,  save  where  it  melts  away  to  the  southward  in  the 
cattle  raising  districts  of  the  southwest. 

Our  prime  interest  will  for  some  years  doubtless  be  the  growth  of 
the  food  of  the  world,  in  which  branch  it  has  already  outstripped  all 
competitors,  and  our  great  rival  in  this  duty  will  naturally  be  the  fertile 
plains  of  Kansas,  Nebraska  and  Colorado,  to  say  nothing  of  the  new 
empire  so  rapidly  growing  up  in  Texas.  Over  these  regions  there  is  a 
continued  progress  in  agriculture  and  in  railway  building,  and  we  must 
look  to  our  laurels.  Intelligent  observer^  of  events  are  fully  aware  of 
the  strides  made  in  the  way  of  shipments  of  fresh  meats  to  Europe, 
many  of  these  ocean  cargoes  being  actually  slaughtered  in  the  "West  and 
transported  on  ice  to  the  wharves  of  the  seaboard  cities.  That  this  new 
enterprise  will  continue  there  is  no  reason  to  doubt.  There  are  in 
Chicago  several  factories  for  the  canning  of  prepared  meats  for  European 
consumption,  and  the  orders  for  this  class  of  goods  are  already  immense. 
English  capital  is  becoming  daily  more  and  more  dissatisfied  with  railway 
loans  and  investments,  and  is  gradually  seeking  mammoth  outlays  in 
lands  and  live  stock.  The  stock  yards  in  Chicago,  Indianapolis  and  East 
St.  Louis  are  ye'arly  increasing  their  facilities,  and  their  plant  steadily 
grows  more  valuable.  Importations  of  blooded  animals  from  the  pro- 
gressive countries  of  Europe  are  destined  to  greatly  improve  the  quality 
of  our  beef  and  mutton.  Nowhere  is  there  to  be  seen  a  more  enticing 
display  in  this  line  than  at  our  state  and  county  fairs,  and  the  interest 
in  the  matter  is  on  the  increase. 

To  attempt  to  give  statistics  of  our  grain  production  for  1877  would 
be  useless,  so  far  have  we  surpassed  ourselves  in  the  quantity  and 
quality  of  our  product.  We  are  too  liable  to  forget  that  we  are  giving 
the  world  its  first  article  of  necessity  —  its  food  supply.  An  opportunity 
to  learn  this  fact  so  it  never  can  be  forgotten  was  afforded  at  Chicago  at 
the  outbreak  of  the  great  panic  of  1873,  when  Canadian  purchasers, 
fearing  the  prostration  of  business  might  bring  about  an  anarchical  condition 
of  affairs,  went  to  that  city  with  coin  in  bulk  and  foreign  drafts  to  secure 
their  supplies  in  their  own  currency  at  first  hands.  It  may  be  justly 
claimed  by  the  agricultural  community  that  their  combined  efforts  gave 
the  nation  its  first  impetus  toward  a  restoration  of  its  crippled  industries, 
and  their  labor  brought  the  gold  premium  to  a  lower  depth  than  the 
government  was  able  to  reach  by  its  most  intense  efforts  of  legislation 
and  compulsion.  The  hundreds  of  millions  about  to  be  disbursed  for 
farm  products  have  abeady,  by  the  anticipation  common  to  all  commercial 


THE  NORTHWEST   TEREITOEY. 


91 


nations,  set  the  wheels  in  motion,  and  will  relieve  us  from  the  perils  so 
long  shadowing  our  efforts  to  return  to  a  healthy  tone. 

Manufacturing  has  attained  in  the  chief  cities  a  foothold  which  bida 
fair  to  render  the  Northwest  independent  of  the  outside  world.    Nearly 


'I'll  l','    !■,      'ii   '■■•I 

glinlliltliiillll.lini. 


u 

O 
Pi 

a 


Pi 

h 

M 
01 

O 

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o 


6 

f» 
o 

a 

3 
n 

!zi 
o 
Pi 


our  whole  region  has  a  distribution  of  coal  measures  which  will  m  time 
support  the  manufactures  necessary  to  our  comfort  and  prosperity.  As 
to  transportation,  the  chief  factor  in  the  production  of  all  articles  except 
food,  no  section  is  so  magnificently  endowed,  and  our  facilities  are  yearly 
increasing  beyond  those  of  any  other  region. 


92  THE   NORTHWEST  TERRITORY. 

The  period  from  a  central  point-  of  the  war  to  the  outbreak  of  the 
panic  was  marked  by  a  tremendous  growth  in  our  railway  lines,  but  the 
depression  of  the  times  caused  almost  a  total  suspension  of  operations. 
Now  that  prosperity  is  returning  to  our  stricken  country  we  witness  its 
anticipation  by  the  railroad  interest  in  a  series  of  projects,  extensions, 
and  leases  which  bid  fair  to  largely  increase  our  transportation  facilities. 
The  process  of  foreclosure  and  sale  of  incumbered  lines  is  another  matter 
to  be  considered.  In  the  case  of  the  Illinois  Central  road,  which  formerly 
transferred  to  other  lines  at  Cairo  the  vast  burden  of  freight  destined  for 
the  Gulf  region,  we  now  see  the  incorporation  of  the  tracks  connecting 
through  to  New  Orleans,  every  mile  co-operating  in  turning  toward  the 
northwestern  metropolis  the  weight  of  the  inter-state  commerce  of  a 
thousand  miles  or  more  of  fertile  plantations.  Three  competing  routes 
to  Texas  have  established  in  Chicago  their  general  freight  and  passenger 
agencies.  Four  or  five  lines  compete  for  all  Pacific  freights  to  a  point  as 
as  far  as  the  interior  of  Nebraska.  Half  a  dozen  or  more  splendid  bridge 
structures  have  been  thrown  across  the  Missouri  and  Mississippi  Rivers  by 
the  railways.  The  Chicago  and  Northwestern  line  has  become  an  aggre- 
gation of  over  two  thousand  miles  of  rail,  and  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
and  St.  Paul  is  its  close  rival  in  extent  and  importance.  The  three  lines 
running  to  Cairo  via  Vincennes  form  a  through  route  for  all  traffic  with 
the  states  to  the  southward.  The  chief  projects  now  under  discussion 
are  the  Chicago  and  Atlantic,  which  is  to  unite  with  lines  now  built  to 
Charleston,  and  the  Chicago  and  Canada  Southern,  which  line  will  con- 
nect with  all  the  various  branches  of  that  Canadian  enterprise.  Our 
latest  new  road  is  the  Chicago  and  Lake  Huron,  formed  of  three  lines, 
and  entering  the  city  from  Valparaiso  on  the  Pittsburgh,  Fort  Wayne 
and  Chicago  track.  The  trunk  lines  being  mainly  in  operation,  the 
progress  made  in  the  way  of  shortening  tracks,  making  air-line  branches, 
and  running  extensions  does  not  show  to  the  advantage  it  deserves,  as 
this  process  is  constantly  adding  new  facilities  to  the  established  order 
of  things.  The  panic  reduced  the  price  of  steel  to  a  point  where  the 
railways  could  hardly  afford  to  use  iron  rails,  and  all  our  northwestern 
lines  report  large  relays  of  Bessemer  track.  The  immense  crops  now 
being  moved  have  given  a  great  rise  to  the  value  of  railway  stocks,  and 
their  transportation  must  result  in  heavy  pecuniary  advantages. 

Few  are  aware  of  the  importance  of  the  wholesale  and  jobbing  trade 
of  Chicago.  One  leading  firm  has  since  the  panic  sold  $24,000,000  of 
dry  goods  in  one  year,  and  they  now  expect  most  confidently  to  add 
seventy  per  cent,  to  the  figures  of  their  last  year's  business.  In  boots 
and  shoes  and  in  clothing,  twenty  or  more  great  firms  from  the  east  have 
placed  here  their  distributing  agents  or  their  factories ;  and  in  groceries 


THE   NORTHWEST   TEERITORY. 


93 


Chicago  supplies  the  entire  Northwest  at  rates  presenting  advantages 
over  New  York.  .         ' 

Cliicago  has  stepped  in  between  New  York  and  the  rural  banks  as  a 
financial  center,  and  scarcely  a  banking  institution  in  the  grain  or  cattle 
regions  but  keeps  its  reserve  funds  in  the  vaults  of  our  commercial  insti- 
tutions. Accumulating  here  throughout  the  spring  and  summer  months, 
they  are  summoned  home  at  pleasure  to  move  the  products  of  the 
prairies.  This  process  greatly  strengthens  the  northwest  in  its  financial 
operations,  leaving  home  capital  to  supplement  local  operations  on 
behalf  of  home  interests. 

It  is  impossible  to  forecast  thp  destiny  of  this  grand  and  growing 
section  of  the  Union.  Figures  and  predictions  made  at  this  date  might 
seem  ten  years  hence  so  ludicrously  small  as  to  excite  only  derision. 


'€M^J^^^^'^"''^' 


^>^p-^p^ 


"^\  ^ 


■'•i.'ii',Ti8iji'n'i'';i!ii^Sg»'';^*^'^J:JJi  j'      i-    t 


HISTORY   OF   THE   NORTHWEST. 


95 


CHICAGO. 

It  is  impossible  in  our  brief  space  to  give  more  than  a  meager  sketch 
of  such  a  city  as  Chicago,  which  is  in  itself  the  greatest  marvel  of  the 
Prairie  State.  This  mysterious,  majestic,  mighty  city,  born  first  of  water, 
and  next  of  fire ;  sown  in  weakness,  and  raised  in  power ;  planted  among 
the  willows  of  the  marsh,  and  crowned  with  the  glory  of  the  mountains ; 
sleeping  on  the  bosom  of  the  prairie,  and  rocked  on  the  bosom  of  the  sea , 


CHICAGO  IN  1833. 


tile  youngest  city  of  the  Avorld,  and  still  the  eye  of  the  prairie,  as  Damas- 
cus, the  oldest  city  of  the  world,  is  the  eye  of  the  desert.  With  a  com- 
merce far  exceeding  that  of  Corinth  on  her  isthmus,  in  the  highway  to 
the  East ;  with  the  defenses  of  a  continent  piled  around  her  by  the  thou- 
sand miles,  making  her  far   safer  than  Rome  on  the  banks  of  the  Tiber; 


96  HISTORY   OF   THE   NORTHWEST. 

with  schools  eclipsing  Alexandria  and  Athens  :  with  liberties  more  con- 
spicuous than  those  of  the  old  republics  ;  with  a  heroism  equal  to  the  first 
Carthage,  and  with  a  sanctity  scarcely  second  to  that  of  Jerusalem — set 
your  thoughts  on  all  this,  lifted  into  the  eyes  of  all  men  by  the  miracle  of 
its  growth,  illuminated  by  the  flame  of  its  fall,  and  transfigured  by  the 
divinity  of  its  resurrection,  and  you  will  feel,  as  I  do,  the  utter  impossi- 
bility of  compassing  this  subject  as  it  deserves.  Some  impression  of  her 
importance  is  received  from  the  shock  her  burning  gave  to  the  civilized 
world. 

When  the  doubt  of  her  calamity  was  removed,  and  the  horrid  fact 
was  accepted,  there  went  a  shudder  over  all  cities,  and  a  quiver  over  all 
lands.  There  was  scarcely  a  town  in  the  civilized  world  that  did  not 
shake  on  the  brink  of  this  opening  chasm.  The  flames  of  our  homes  red- 
dened all  skies.  The  city  was  set  upon  a  hill,  and  could  not  be  hid.  All 
eyes  were  turned  upon  it.  To  have  struggled  and  suffered  amid  the 
scenes  of  its  fall  is  as  distinguishing  as  to  have  fought  at  Thermopylae,  or 
Salamis,  or  Hastings,  or  Waterloo,  or  Bunker  Hill. 

Its  calamity  amazed  the  world,  because  it  was  felt  to  be  the  common 
property  of  mankind. 

The  early  history  of  the  city  is  full  of  interest,  just  as  the  early  his- 
tory of  such  a  man  as  Washington  or  Lincoln  becomes  public  property, 
and  is  cherished  by  every  patriot. 

Starting  with  560  acres  in  1833,  it  embraced  and  occupied  23,000 
acres  in  1869,  and,  having  nowa'populationof  more  than  500,000,  it  com- 
mands general  attention. 

The  first  settler — Jean  Baptiste  Pointe  au  Sable,  a  mulatto  from  the 
West  Indies — came  and  began  trade  with  the  Indians  in  1796.  John 
Kinzie  became  his  successor  in  1804,  in  which  year  Fort  Dearborn  was 
erected. 

A  mere  trading-post  was  kept  here  from  that  time  till  about  the  time 
of  the  Blackhawk  war,  ili  1832.  It  was  not  the  city.  It  was  merely  a 
cock  crowing  at  midnight.  The  morning  was  not  yet.  In  1833  the  set- 
tlement about  the  fort  was  incorporated  as  a  town.  The  voters  were 
divided  on  the  propriety  of  such  corporation,  twelve  voting  for  it  and  one 
against  it.  Four  years  later  it  was  incorporated  as  a  city,  and  embraced 
660  acres. 

The  produce  handled  in  this  city  is  an  indication  of  its  power.  Grain 
and  flour  were  imported  from  the  East  till  as  late  as  1837.  The  first 
exportation  by  way  of  experiment  was  in  1839.  Exports  exceeded  imports 
first  in  1842.  The  Board  of  Trade  was  organized  in  1848,  but  it  was  so 
weak  that  it  needed  nursing  till  1855.  Grain  was  purchased  by  the 
wagon-load  in  the  street. 

I  remember  sitting  with  my  father  on  a  load  of  wheat,  in  the  long 


HISTORY   OP   THE   NORTHWEST.  * 


9T 


line  of  wagons  along  'Lake  street,  while  the  buyers  came  and  untied  the 
bags,  and  examined  the  grain,  and  made  their  bids.  That  manner  of 
business  had  to  cease  with  the  day  of  small  things.  Now  our  elevators 
will  hold  15,000,000  bushels  of  grain.  The  cash  value  of  the  produce 
handled  in  a  year  is  $215,000,000,  and  the  produce  weighs  7,000,000 
tons  or  700,000  car  loads.  This  handles  thirteen  and  a  half  ton  each 
minute,  all  the  year  round.  One  tenth  of  all  the  wheat  in  the  United 
States  is  handled  in  Chicago.  Even  as  long  ago  as  1853  the  receipts  of 
grain  in  Chicago  exceeded  those  of  the  goodly  city  of  St.  Louis,  and  in 
1854  the  exports  of  grain  from  Chicago  exceeded  those  of  New  York  and 
doubled  those  of  St.  Petersburg,  Archangel,  or  Odessa,  the  largest  grain 
markets  in  Europe. 

The  manufacturing  interests  of  the  city  are  not  contemptible.  In 
1873  manufactories  employed  45,000  operatives ;  in  1876,  60,000.  The 
manufactured  product  in  1875  was  worth  $177,000,000. 

No  estimate  of  the  size  and  power  of  Chicago  would  be  adequate 
that  did  not  put  large  emphasis  on  the  railroads.  Before  they  came 
thundering  along  our  streets  canals  were  the  hope  of  our  country.  But 
who  ever  thinks  now  of  traveling  by  canal  packets  ?  In  June,  1852, 
there  were  only  forty  miles  of  railroad  connected  with  the  city.  The 
old  Galena  division  of  the  Northwestern  ran  out  to  Elgin.  But  now, 
who  can  count  the  trains  and  measure  the  roads  that  seek  a  terminus  or 
connection  in  this  city  ?  The  lake  stretches  away  to  the  north,  gathering 
in  to  this  center  all  the  harvests  that  might  otherwise  pass  to  the  north 
of  us.  If  you  will  take  a  map  and  look  at  the  adjustment  of  railroads, 
you  will  see,  first,  that  Chicago  is  the  great  railroad  center  of  the  world, 
as  New  York  is  the  commercial  city  of  this  continent ;  and,  second,  that 
the  railroad  lines  form  the  iron  spokes  of  a  great  wheel  whose  hub  is 
this  city.  The  lake  furnishes  the  only  break  in  the  spokes,  and  this 
seems  simply  to  have  pushed  a  few  spokes  together  on  each  shore.  See 
the  eighteen  trunk  lines,  exclusive  of  eastern  connections. 

Pass  round  the  circle,  and  view  their  numbers  and  extent.  There 
is  the  great  Northwestern,  with  all  its  branches,  one  branch  creeping 
along  the  lake  shore,  and  so  reaching  to  the  north,  into  the  Lake  Superior 
regions,  away  to  the  right,  and  on  to  the  Northern  Pacific  on  the  left, 
swinging  around  Green  Bay  for  iron  and  copper  and  silver,  twelve  months 
in  the  year,  and  reaching  out  for  the  wealth  of  the  great  agricultural 
belt  and  isothermal  line  traversed  by  the  Northern  Pacific,  Another 
branch,  not  so  far  north,  feeling  for  the  heart  of  the  Badger  State. 
Another  pushing  lower  down  the  Mississippi— all  these  make  many  con- 
nections, and  tapping  all  the  vast  wheat  regions  of  Minnesota,  Wisconsin, 
Iowa,  and  all  the  regions  this  side  of  sunset.  There  is  that  elegant  road, 
the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy,  running  out  a  goodly  number  of 


98 


HISTORY   OF   THE   NORTHWEST. 


OLD    FOET   DEAEBORN,   1830, 


PRESENT   SITE   OF    LAK.B    STREET    BEIDGE,    CHICAGO,    IN    1833. 


(deceased) 

COFFINS  GROVETP. 


HISTORY   OF   THE   NORTHWEST.  99 

branches,  and  reaping  the  great  fields  this  side  of  the  Missouri  River. 
I  can  only  mention  the  Chicago,  Alton  &  St.  Louis,  our  Illinois  Central, 
described  elsewhere,  and  the  Chicago  &  Rock  IsUnd.  Further  around 
we  come  to  the  lines  connecting  us  with  all  the  eastern  cities.  The 
Chicago,  Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis,  the  Pittsburgh,  Fort  Wayne  & 
Chicago,  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern,  and  the  Michigan  Cen- 
tral and  Great  "Western,  give  us  many  highways  to  the  seaboard.  Thus  we 
reach  the  Mississippi  at  five  points,  from  St.  Paul  to  Cairo  and  the  Gulf 
itself  by  two  routes.  We  also  reach  Cincinnati  and  Baltimore,  and  Pitts- 
burgh and  Philadelphia,  and  iJew  York.  North  and  south  run  the  water 
courses  of  the  lakes  and  the  fivers,  broken  just  enough  at  this  point  to 
make  a  pass.  Through  this,  from  east  to  west,  run  the  long  lines  that 
stretch  from  ocean  to  ocean. 

This  is  the  neck  of  the  glass,  and  the  golden  sands  of  commerce 
must  pass  into  our  hands.  Altogether  we  have  more  than  10,000  miles 
of  railroad,  directly  tributary  to  this  city,  seeking  to  unload  their  wealth 
in  our  coffers.  All  these  roads  have  come  themselves  by  the  infallible 
instinct  of  capital.  Not  a  dollar  was  ever  given  by  the  city  to  secure 
one  of  them,  and  only  a  small  per  cent,  of  stock  taken  originally  by  her 
citizens,  and  that  taken  simply  as  an  investment.  Coming  in  the  natural 
order  of  events,  they  will  not  be  easily  diverted. 

There  is  still  another  showing  to  all  this.  The  connection  between 
New  York  and  San  Francisco  is  by  the  middle  route.  This  passes  inevit- 
ably through  Chicago.  St.  Louis  wants  the  Southern  Pacific  or  Kansas 
Pacific,  and  pushes  it  out  through  Denver,  and  so  on  up  to  Cheyenne. 
But  before  the  road  is  fairly  under  way,  the  Chicago  roads  shove  out  to 
Kansas  City,  making  even  the  Kansas  Pacific  a  feeder,  and  actually  leav- 
va^  St.  Louis  out  in  the  cold.  It  is  not  too  much  to  expect  that  Dakota, 
Montana,  and  Washington  Territory  will  find  their  great  market  in  Chi- 
cago. 

But  these  are  not  all.  Perhaps  I  had  better  notice  here  the  ten  or 
fifteen  new  roads  that  have  just  entered,  or  are  just  entering,  our  city. 
Their  names  are  all  that  is  necessary  to  give.  Chicago  &  St.  Paul,  look- 
ing up  the  Red  River  country  to  the  British  possessions ;  the  Chicago, 
Atlantic  &  Pacific;  the  Chicago,  Decatur  &  State  Line;  the  Baltimore  & 
Chip;  the  Chicago,  Danville  &  Vincennesj  the  Chicago  &  LaSalle  Rail- 
road; the  Chicago,  Pittsburgh  &  Cincinnati:  the  Chicago  and  Canada 
Southern;  the  Chicago  and  Illinois  River  Railroad.  These,  with  their 
connections,  and  with  the  new  connections  of  the  old  roads,  already  in 
process  of  erection,  give  to  Chicago  not  less  than  10,000  miles  of  new 
tributaries  from  the  richest  land  on  the  continent.  Thus  there  will  be 
added  to  the  reserve  power,  to  the  capital  within  reach  of  this  city,  not 
less  than  $1,000,000,000. 


100  HISTORY   OF   THE   NORTHWEST. 

Add  to  all  this  transporting  power  the  ships  that  sail  one  every  nine 
minutes  of  the  business  hours  of  the  season  of  navigation ;  add,  also,  the 
canal  boats  that  leave  one  every  five  minutes  during  the  same  time — and 
you  will  see  something  of  the  business  of  the  city. 

THE  COMMERCE  OF  THIS  CITY 

has  been  leaping  along  to  keep  pace  with  the  growth  of  the  country 
around  us.  In  1852,  our  commerce  reached  the  hopeful  sum  of 
120,000,000.  In  1870  it  reached  $400,000,000.  In  1871  it  was  pushed 
up  above  $450,000,000.     And  in  1875  it  touched  nearly  double  that. 

Oae-half  of  our  imported  goods  come  directly  to  Chicago.  Grain 
enough  is  exported  directly  from  our  docks  to  the  old  world  to  employ  a 
semi-weekly  line  of  steamers  of  3,000  tons  capacity.  This  branch  is 
not  likely  to  be  greatly  developed.  Even  after  the  great  Welland  Canal 
is  completed  we  shall  have  only  fourteen  feet  of  water.  The  great  ocean 
vessels  will  continue  to  control  the  trade. 

The  banking  capital  of  Chicago  is  $24,431,000.  Total  exchange  in 
1875,  $659,000,000.  Her  wholesale  business  in  1875  was  $294,000,000. 
The  rate  of  taxes  is  less  than  in  any  other  great  city. 

The  schools  of  Chicago  are  unsurpassed  in  America.  Out  of  a  popu- 
lation of  300,000  there  were  only  186  persons  between  the  ages  of  six 
and  twenty-ohe  unable  to  read.     This  is  the  best  known  record. 

In  1831  the  mail  system  was  condensed  into  a  half-breed,  who  went 
on  foot  to  Niles,  Mich.,  once  in  two  weeks,  and  brought  back  what  papers 
and  news  he  could  find.  As  late  as  1846  there  was  often  only  one  mail 
a  week.  A  post-office  was  established  in  Chicago  in  1833,  and  the  post- 
master nailed,  up  old  boot-legs  on  one  side  of  his  shop  to  serve  as  boxes 
for  the  nabobs  and  literary  men. 

It  is  an  interesting  fact  in  the  growth  of  the  young  city  that  in  the 
active  life  of  the  business  men  of  that  day  the  mail  matter  has  grown  to 
a  daily  average  of  over  6,500  pounds.  It  speaks  equally  well  for  the 
intelligence  of  the  people  and  the  commercial  importance  of  the  place, 
that  the  mail  matter  distributed  to  the  territory  immediately  tributary  to 
Chicago  is  seven  times  greater  than  that  distributed  to  the  territory 
immediately  tributary  to  St.  Louis. 

The  improvements  that  have  characterized  the  city  are  as  startling 
as  the  city  itself.  In  1831,  Mark  Beaubien  established  a  ferry  over  the 
river,  and  put  himself  under  bonds  to  carry  all  the  citizens  free  for  the 
privilege  of  charging  strangers.  Now  there  are  twenty-four  large  brido'es 
and  two  tunnels. 

In  1833  the  government  expended  $30,000  on  the  harbor.  Then 
commenced  that  series  of  mancBUvers  with  the  river  that  has  made  it  one 


HISTORY   OF   THE   NORTHWEST.  JQI 

of  the  world's  curiosities.  It  used  to  wind  around  in  the  lower  end  of 
the  town,  and  make  its  way  rippling  over  the  sand  into  the  lake  at  the 
foot  of  Madison  street.  They  took  it  up  and  put  it  down  where  it  now 
is.  It  was  a  narrow  stream,  so  narrow  that  even  moderately  smaU  crafts 
had  to  go  up  through  the  willows  and  cat's  tails  to  the  point  near  Lake 
street  bridge,  and  back  up  one  of  the  branches  to  get  room  enough  in 
which  to  turn  around. 

In  1844  the  quagmires  in  the  streets  were  first  pontooned  by  plank 
roads,  which  acted  in  wet  weather  as  public  squirt-guns.  Keeping  you 
out  of  the  mud,  they  compromised  by  squirting  the  mud  over  you.  The 
wooden-block  pavements  came  to  Chicago  in  1857.  In  1840  water  was 
deUvered  by  peddlers  in  carts  or  by  hand.  Then  a  twenty-five  horse- 
power engine  pushed  it  through  hollow  or  bored  logs  along  the  streets 
till  1854,  when  it  was  introduced  into  the  houses  by  new  works.  The 
first  fire-engine  was  used  in  1835,  and  the  first  steam  fire-engine  in  1859. 
Gas  was  utilized  for  lighting  the  city  in  1850.  The  Young  Men's  Chris- 
tian Association  was  organized  in  1858,  and  horse  railroads  carried  them 
to  their  work  in  1859.  The  museum  was  opened  in  1863.  The  alarm 
telegraph  adopted  in  1864.  The  opera-house  built  in  1865.  The  city 
grew  from  560  acres  in  1883  to  23,000  in  1869.  In  1834,  the  taxes 
amounted  to  $48.90,  and  the  trustees  of  the  town  borrowed  |60  more  for 
opening  and  improving  streets.  In  1835,  the  legislature  authorized  a  loan 
of  $2,000,  and  the  treasurer  and  street  commissioners  resigued  rather  than 
plunge  the  town  into  such  a  gulf. 

Now  the  city  embraces  36  square  miles  of  territory,  and  has  30  miles 
of  water  front,  besides  the  outside  harbor  of  refuge,  of  400  acres,  inclosed 
by  a  crib  sea-wall.     One-third  of  the  city  has  been  raised  up  an  average 
of  eight  feet,  giving  good  pitch  to  the  263  miles  of  sewerage.   The  water 
of  the  city  is  above  all  competition.     It  is  received  through  two  tunnels 
extending  to  a  crib  in  the  lake  two  miles  from  shore.     The  closest  analy- 
sis fails  to  detect  any  impurities,  and,  received  35  feet  below  the  surface, 
it  is  always  clear  and  cold.     The  first  tunnel  is  five  feet  two  inches  in 
diameter  and  two  miles  long,  and  can  deliver  50,000,000  of  gallons  per 
day.     The  second  tunnel  is  seven  feet  in  diameter  and  six  miles  long, 
running  four  miles  under  the  city,  and  can  deliver  100,000,000  of  gal- 
lons per  day.     This  water  is  distributed  through  410  miles  of  water- 
mains. 

The  three  grand  engineering  exploits  of  the  city  are :  First,  lifting 
the  city  up  on  jack-screws,  whole  squares  at  a  time,  without  interrupting 
the  business,  thus  giving  us  good  drainage ;  second,  running  the  tunnels 
under  the  lake,  giving  us  the  best  water  in  the  world ;  and  third,  the 
turning  the  current  of  the  river  in  its  own  channel,  delivering  us  from  the 
old  abominations,  and  making  decency  possible.     They  redound  about 


102  HISTORY    OF   THE    NORTHWEST. 

equally  to  the  credit  of  the  engineering,  to  the  energy  of  the  people,  and 
to  the  health  of  the  city. 

That  which  really  constitutes  the  city,  its  indescribable  spirit,  its  soul^ 
the  way  it  lights  up  in  every  feature  in  the  hour  of .  action,  has  not  beeji 
touched.  In  meeting  strangers,  one  is  often  surprised  how  spme  homely 
women  marry  so  well.  Their  forms  are  bad,  their  gait  uneven  and  awk- 
ward, their  complexion  is  dull,  their  features  are  misshapen  and  mismatch- 
ed, and  when  we  see  them  there  is  no  beauty : that  we shpuld  desire, them. 
But  when  once  they  are  aroused  on  some  subject,  they  put.  on  new  pro- 
portions. They  light  up  into  great  power. .  The  real  person  comes  out 
from  its  unseemly  ambush,  and  captures-  us  at  will.  They  have  power. 
They  have  ability  to  caus6  things  to  come  to  pass.:  We  no  longer  wondei 
why  they  are  in  such' high  demand.     So  it  is  with  our  city. 

There  is  no  grand  scenery  except)  the  two: seas,  one  of  water,  the 
other  of  prairie.  Nevertheless,  there  is  a  spirit  about  it,  a  push,  a  breadth, 
a  power,  that  soon  makes  it  a  place  never  to  be  iforsaken;;  One  soon 
ceases  to  believe  in  impossibilities.  Balaams  are  the  only  prophets  that  are 
disappointed.  The  bottom  that  has  been  on  the  point  of  falling  out  has 
been  there  so  long  that  it  has  grown  fast.  '  It  can  not  fall  out.  It,ha)5  all 
the  capital  of  the  world  itching  to  get  inside  the  corporation.    , , 

The  two  great  laws  that  govern  the  growth  and  size  of  cities ,  are, 
first,  the  amount  of  territory  for  which  they  are  the  distributing,  an^ 
receiving  points ;  second,  the  number  of  medium  or  moderate  dealers  that 
do  this  distributing.  Monopolists  build  up  themselves,  not  the  cities. 
They  neither  eat,  wear,  nor  live  in  proportion  to  their  business.  Both 
these  laws  help  Chicago. 

The  tide  of  trade  is  eastward^^not  up  or ,  down  the; ,  map,  but  .across 
the  map.  The  lake  runs  up  a  wingdam  for  500  miles  to  gather  in  the 
business.  Commerce  can  not  ferry i  up  there  for  seven  months  in  the  year, 
and  the  facilities  for  seven  months  can  do  the  work  for  twelve.  Then  the 
great  region  west  of  us  is  nearly  all  good,  productive  land.  Dropping 
south  into  the  trail  of  St.  Louis;  you  fall  into  vast  deserts  and  rocky  dis- 
tricts, useful  in  holding  the  world  together.  St.  Louis  and  Cincinnati, 
instead  of  rivaling  and  hurting  Chicago,  are  her  greatest  sureties  of 
dominion.  They  are  far  enough  away  to  give  sea-room,^-farther  off  than 
Paris  is  from  London, — and  yet  they  are  near  enough  to  prevent  the 
springing  up  of  any  other  great  city  between  them. 

St.  Louis  will  be  helped  by'  the,  opening  of  the  Mississippi,  but  also 
hurt.  That  will  put  New  Orleans  on  her  feet,  and  with  a  railroad  running 
over  into  Texas  and  so  West,  she  will  tap  the  streams  that  now  crawl  up 
the  Texas  and  Missouri  road.  The  current  is  East,  not  North,  and  a  sea- 
port at  New  Orleans  can  not  permanently  help  St.  Louis.  , 

Chicago  is  in  the  field  almost  alone,  to  handle  the  wealth  of  one- 


HISTORY  OF   THE   NORTHWEST. 


103 


fourth  of  the  territory  of  this  great  republic.  This  strip  of  seacoast 
divides  its  margins  between  Portland,  Boston,  New  York,  Philadelphia, 
Baltimore  and  Savannah,  or  some  other  great  port  to  be  created  for  the' 
South  in  the  next  decade.  But  Chicago  has  a  dozen  empires  casting  their 
treasures  into  her  lap.  On  a  bed  of  coal  that  can  run  all  the  machinery 
of  the  world  for  500  centuries ;  in  a  garden  that  can  feed  the  race  by  the 
thousand  years;  at  the  head  of  the  lakes  that  give  her  a  temperature  as  a 
summer  resort  equaled  by  no  great  city  in  the  land ;  with  a  climate  that 
insures  the  health  of  her  citizens ;  surrounded  by  all  the  great  deposits 
of  natural  wealth  in  mines  aud  forests  and  herds,  Chicago  is  the  wonder 
of  to-day,  and  will  be  the  city  of  the  future. 

MASSACRE  AT  FORT  DEARBORN. 

During  the  war  of  1812,  Fort  Dearborn  became  the  theater  of  stirring 
events.  The  garrison  consisted  of  fifty-four  men  under  command  of 
Captain  Nathan  Heald,  assisted  by  Lieutenant  Helm  (son-in-law  of  Mrs. 
Kinzie)  and  Ensign  Ronan.  Dr.  Voorhees  was  surgeon.  The  only  resi- 
dents at  the  post  at  that  time  were  the  wives  of  Captain  Heald  and  Lieu- 
tenant Helm,  and  a  few  of  the  soldiers,  Mr.  Kinzie  and  his  family,  and 
a  few  Canadian  voyageurs,  with  their  wives  and  children.  The  soldiers 
and  Mr.  Kinzie  were  on  most  friendly  terms  with  the  Pottawattamies 
and  Winnebagos,  the  principal  tribes  around  them,  but  they  could  not 
win  them  from  their  attachment  to  the  British. 

One  evening  in  April,  1812,  Mr.  Kinzie  sat  playing  on  his  violin  and 
his  children  were  dancing  to  the  music,  when  Mrs.  Kinzie  came  rushing 
into  the  house,  pale  with  terror,  and  exclaiming :  "  The  Indians !  the 
Indians  1"  "What?  "Where?"  eagerly  inquired  Mr.  Kinzie.  "Up 
at  Lee's,  killing  and  scalping,"  answered  the  frightened  mother,  who, 
when  the  alarm  was  given,  was  attending  Mrs.  Barnes  (just  confined) 
hving  not  far  off.  Mr.  Kinzie  and  his  family  crossed  the  river  and  took 
refuge  in  the  fort,  to  which  place  Mrs.  Barnes  and  her  infant  not  a  day 
old  were  safely  conveyed.  The  rest  of  the  inhabitants  took  shelter  in  the 
fort.  This  alarm  was  caused  by  a  scalping  party  of  Winnebagos,  who 
hovered  about  the  fort  several  days,  when  they  disappeared,  and  for  several 
weeks  the  inhabitants  were  undisturbed. 

On  the  7th  of  August,  1812,  General  Hull,  at  Detroit,  sent  orders  to 
Captain  Heald  to  evacuate  Fort  Dearborn,  and  to  distribute  all  the  United 
States  property  to  the  Indians  in  the  neighborhood— a  most  insane  order. 
The  Pottawattamie  chief,  who  brought  the  dispatch,  had  more  wisdom 
than  the  commanding  general.  He  advised  Captain  Heald  not  to  make 
the  distribution.  Said  he :  "  Leave  the  fort  and  stores  as  they  are,  and 
let  the  Indians  make  distribution  for  themselves ;  and  while  they  are 
engaged  in  the  business,  the  white  people  may  escape  to  Fort  Wayne. 


«      Jb,  i  .    —      i    f   I     "• 


\ 


HISTORY   OF   THE   NORTHWEST.  105 

Captain  Heald  held  a  council  with  the  Indians  on  the  afternoon  of 
the  12th,  in  which  his  officers  refused  to  join,  for  they  had  been  informed 
that  treachery  was  designed — ^that  the  Indians  intended  to  murder  the 
white  people  in  the  council,  and  then  destroy  those  in  the  fort.  Captain 
Heald,  however,  took  the  precaution  to  open  a  port-hole  displaying  a 
cannon  pointing  directly  upon  the  council,  and  by  that  means  saved 
his  life. 

Mr.  Kinzie,  who  knew  the  Indians  well,  begged  Captain  Heald  not 
to  confide  in  their  promises,  nor  distribute  the  arms  and  munitions  among 
them,  for  it  would  only  put  power  into  their  hands  to  destroy  the  whites. 
Acting  upon  this  advice,  Heald  resolved  to  withhold  the  munitions  of 
war ;  and  on  the  night  of  the  13th,  after  the  distribution  of  the  other 
property  had  been  made,  the  powder,  baU  and  liquors  were  thrown  into 
the  river,  the  muskets  broken  up  and  destroyed. 

Black  Partridge,  a  friendly  chief,  came  to  Captain  Heald,  and  said : 
*' Linden  birds  have  been  singing  in  my  ears  to-day:  be  careful  on  the 
march  you  are  going  to  take."  On  that  dark  night  vigilant  Indians  had 
crept  near  the  fort  and  discovered  the  destruction  of  their  promised  booty 
going  on  within.  The  next  morning  the  powder  was  seen  floating  on  the 
surface  of  the  river.  The  savages  were  exasperated  and  made  loud  com- 
plaints and  threats. 

On  the  following  day  when  preparations  were  making  to  leave  the 
fort,  and  all  the  inmates  were  deeply  impressed  with  a  sense  of  impend- 
ing danger,  Capt.  Wells,  an  uncle  of  Mrs.  Heald,  was  discovered  upon 
the  Indian  trail  among  the  sand-hills  on  the  borders  of  the  lake,  not  far 
distant,  with  a  band  of  mounted  Miamis,  of  whose  tribe  he  was  chief, 
having  been  adopted  by  the  famous  Miami  warrior,  Little  Turtle.  When 
news  of  Hull's  surrender  reached  Fort  Wayne,  he  had  started  with  this 
force  to  assist  Heald  in  defending  Fort  Dearborn.  He  was  too  late. 
Every  means,  for  its  defense  had  been  destroyed  the  night  before,  and 
arrangements  were  made  for  leaving  the  fort  on  the  morning  of  the  15th. 

It  was  a  warm  bright  morning  in  the  middle  of  August.  Indications 
were  positive  that  the  savages  intended  to  murder  the  white  people ;  and 
when  they  moved  out  of  the  southern  gate  of  the  fort,  the  march  was 
like  a  funeral  procession.  The  band,  feeling  the  solemnity  of  the  occa- 
sion, struck  up  the  Dead  March  in  Saul. 

Capt.  Wells,  who  had  blackened  his  face  with  gun-powder  m  token 
of  his  fate,  took  the  lead  with  his  band  of  Miamis,  followed  by  Capt. 
Heald,  with  his  wife  by  his  side  on  horseback.  Mr.  Kinzie  hoped  by  his 
personal  influence  to  avert  the  impending  blow,  and  therefore  accompanied 
them,  leaving  his  family  in  a  boat  in  charge  of  a  friendly  Indian,  to  be 
taken  to  his  trading  station  at  the  site  of  Niles,  Michigan,  m  the  event  of 
his  death. 


106 


HISTORY   OF   THE   NORTHWEST. 


HISTORY   OP  THE  NOKTHWEST.  107 

The  procession  moved  slowly  along  the  lake  shore  till  they  reached 
the  sand-hilis  between  the  prairie  and  the  beach,  when  the  Pottawattamie 
escort,  under  the  leadership  of  Blackbird,  filed  to  the,  right,  placing  those 
hills  between  them  and  the  white  people.  Wells,  with  his  Miamis,  had 
kept  in  the  advance.  They  suddenly  came  rushing  back,  Wells  exclaim- 
ing, "  They  are  about  to  attack  us ;  form  instantly."  These  words  were 
quickly  followed  by  a  storm  of  bullets,  which  came  whistling  over  the 
little  hills  whicli  the  treacherous  savages  had  made  the  covert  for  their 
murderous  attack.  The  white  troops  charged  upon  the  Indians,  drove 
them  back  to  the  prairie,  and  then  the  battle  was  waged  between  fifty- 
four  soldiers,  twelve  civilians  and  three  or  four  women  (the  cowardly 
Miamis  having  fled  at  the  outset)  against  five  hundred  Indian  warriors. 
The  white  people,  hopeless,  resolved  to  sell  their  lives  as  dearly  as  possible. 
Ensign  Ronan  wielded  his  weapon  vigorously,  even  after  falling  upon  his 
knees  weak  from  the  loss  of  blood.  Capt.  Wells,  \yho  was  by  the  side  of 
his  niece,  Mrs.  Heald,  when  the  conflict  began,  behaved  with  the  greatest 
coolness  and  courage.  He  said  to  her,  "  We  have  not  the  slightest  chance 
for  life.  We  must  part  to  meet  no  more  in  this  world.  God  bless  you." 
And  then  he  dashed  forward.  Seeing  a  young  warrior,, painted  like  a 
deinon,  climb  into  a  wagon  in  which  were  twelve  children,  and  tomahawk 
them  all,  he  cried  out,  unmindful  of  his  personal  danger,  "  If  that  is  your 
game,  butchering  women  and  children,  1  will  kill  too."  He  spurred  his 
iorse  towards  the  Indian  camp,  where  they  had  left  their  squaws  and 
papooses,  hotly  pursued  by  swift-footed  young  warriors,  who  sent  bullets 
whistling  after  him.  One  of  these  killed  his  horse  and  wounded  him 
severely  in  the  leg.  With  a  yell  the  young  braves  rushed  to  make  him 
their  prisoner  and  reserve  him  for  torture.  He  resolved  not  to  be  made 
a  captive,  and  by  the,  use  of  the  most  provoking  epithets  tried  to  induce 
them  to  kill  him  instantly.  He  called  a  fiery  young  chief  a  squaw,  when 
the  enraged  warrior  killed  Wells  instantly  with  his  tomahawk,  jumped 
upon  his  body,  cut  out  his  heart,  and  ate  a  portion  of  the  warm  morsel 
with  savage  delight ! 

In  this  fearful  combat  women  bore  a  conspicuous  part.  Mrs.  Heald 
was  an  excellent  equestrian  and  an  expert  in  the  use  of  the  rifle.  She 
fought  the  savages  bravely,  receiving  several  severe  wounds.  Though 
faint  from  the  loss  of  blood,  she  managed  to  keep  her  saddle".  A  savage 
raised  his  tomahawk  to  kill  her,  when  she  looked!  him  full  in  the  face, 
and  with  a  sweet  smile  and  in  a  gentle  voice  said,  in  his  own  language, 
"Surely  you  will  not  kill  a  squaw!"  The  arm  of  the  savage  fell,  and 
the  life  of  the  heroic  woman  was  saved. 

Mrs.^Helm,  the  step-daughter  of  Mr.  Kinzie,  had  an  encounter  with 
a  stout  Indian,  who  attempted  to  tomahawk  her.  Springing  to  one  side, 
she  received  the  glancing  blow  on  her  shoulder,  and  at  the  same  instant 


108  HISTORY   OF   THE   NORTHWEST. 

seized  the  savage  round  the  neck  with  her  arms  and  endeavpred  to  get 
hold  of  his  scalping  knife,  which  hung  in  a  sheath  at  his  breast.  While 
she  was  thus  struggling  she  was  dragged  from  her  antagonist  by  ano  ihei 
powerful  Indian,  who  bore  her,  in  spite  of  her  struggles,  to  the  margin 
of  the  lake  and  plunged  her  in.  To  her  astonishment  she  was  held  by 
him  so  that  she  would  not  drown,  and  she  soon  perceived  that  she  was 
in  the  hands  of  the  friendly  Black  Partridge,  who  had  saved  her  life. 

The  wife  of  Sergeant  Holt,  a  large  and  powerful  woman,  behaved  as 
bravely  as  an  Amazon.  She  rode  a  fine,  high-spirited  horse,  which  the 
Indians  coveted,  and  several  of  them  attacked  her  with  the  butts  of  their 
guns,  for  the  purpose  of  dismounting  her  ;  but  she  used  the  sword  which 
she  had  snatched  from  her  disabled  husband  so  skillfully  that  she  foiled 
them ;  and,  suddenly  wheeling  her  horse,  she  dashed  over  the  prairie, 
followed  by  the  savages  shouting,  "  The  brave  woman !  the  brave  woman ! 
Don't  hurt  her !  "  They  finally  overtook  her,  and  while  she  was  fighting 
them  in  front,  a  powerful  savage  came  up  behind  her,  seized  her  by  the 
neck  and  dragged  her  to  the  ground.  Horse  and  woman  were  made 
captives.  Mrs.  Holt  was  a  long  time  a  captive  among  the  Indians,  but 
was  afterwards  ransomed. 

In  this  sharp  conflict  two-thirds  of  the  white  people  were  slain  and 
wounded,  and  all  their  horses,  baggage  and  provision  were  lost.  Only 
twenty-eight  straggling  men  now  remained  to  fight  five  hundred  Indians 
rendered  furious  by  the  sight  of  blood.  They  succeeded  in  breaking 
through  the  ranks  of  the  murderers  and  gaining  a  slight  eminence  on  the 
prairie  near  the  Oak  Woods.  The  Indians  did  not  pursue,  but  gathered 
on  their  flanks,  while  the  chiefs  held  a  consultation  on  the  sand-hills,  and 
showed  signs  of  willingness  to  parley.  It  would  have  been  madness  on 
the  part  of  the  whites  to  renew  the  fight ;  and  so  Capt.  Heald  went  for- 
ward and  met  Blackbird  on  the  open  prairie,  where  terms  of  surrender 
were  soon  agreed  upon.  It  was  arranged  that  the  white  people  should 
give  up  their  arms  to  Blackbird,  and  that  the  survivors  should  become 
prisoners  of  war,  to  be  exchanged  for  ransoms  as  soon  as  practicable. 
With  this  understanding  captives  and  captors  started  for  the  Indian 
camp  near  the  fort,  to  which  Mrs.  Helm  had  /been  taken  bleeding  and 
suffering  by  Black  Partridge,  and  had  met  her  step-father  and  learned 
that  her  husband  was  safe. 

A  new  scene  of  horror  was  now  opened  at  the  Indian  camp.  The 
wounded,  not  being  included  in  the  terms  of  surrender,  as  it  was  inter- 
preted by  the  Indians,  and  the  British  general.  Proctor,  having  offered  a 
liberal  bounty  for  American  scalps,  delivered  at  Maiden,  nearly  all  the 
wounded  men  were  killed  and  scalped,  and  the  price  of  the  trophies  was 
afterwards  paid  by  the  British  goveriiment. 


THE   STATE   OF  IOWA. 


GEOGRAPHICAL  SITUATION. 

The  State  of  Iowa  has  an  outline  figure  nearly  approaching  that  of  a  rec- 
tangular parallelogram,  the  northern  and  southern  boundaries  being  nearly  due 
east  and  west  lines,  and  its  eastern  and  western  boundaries  determined  by 
southerly  flowing  rivers — the  Mississippi  on  the  east,  and  the  Missouri,  together 
with  its  tributary,  the  Big  Sioux,  on  the  west.  The  northern  boundary  is  upon 
the  parallel  of  forty-three  degrees  thirty  minutes,  and  the  southern  is  approxi- 
mately upon  that  of  forty  degrees  and  thirty-six  minutes.  The  distance  from 
the  northern  to  the  southern  boundary,  excluding  the  small  prominent  angle  at 
the  southeast  corner,  is  ^  little  more  than  two  hundred  miles.  Owing  to  the 
irregularity  of  the  river  boundaries,  however,  the  number  of  square  miles  does 
not  reach  that  of  the  multiple  of  these  numbers ;  but  according  to  a  report  of 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to  the  United  States  Senate,  March  12,  186-3, 
the  State  of  Iowa  contains  35,228,200  acres,  or  55,044  square  miles.  When  it 
is  understood  that  all  this  vast  extent  of  surface,  except  that  which  is  occupied 
by  our  rivers,  lakes  and  peat  beds  of  the  northern  counties,  is  susceptible  of  the 
highest  cultivation,  some  idea  may  be  formed  of  the  immense  agricultural 
resources  of  the  State.  Iowa  is  nearly  as  large  as  England,  and  twice  as  large 
as  Scotland ;  but  when  we  consider  the  relative  area  of  surface  which  may  be 
made  to  yield  to  the  wants  of  man,  those  countries  of  the  Old  World  will  bear 
no  comparison  with  Iowa. 

TOPOGRAPHY.' 

No  complete  topographical  survey  of  the  State  of  Iowa  has  yet  been  made. 
Therefore  all  the  knowledge  we  have  yet  upon  the  subject  has  been  obtained 
from  incidental  observations  of  geological  corps,  from  barometrical  observations 
by  authority  of  the  General  Government,  and  levelings  done  by  railroad  en- 
gineer corps  within  the  State. 

Taking  into  view  the  facts  that  the  highest  point  in  the  State  is  but  a  little 
more  than  twelve  hundred  feet  above  the  lowest  point,  that  these  two  points  are 
nearly  three  hundred  miles  apart,  and  that  the  whole  State  is  traversed  by 
109 


110  HISTOEY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

gently  flowing  rivers,  it  will  be  seen  that  in  reality  the  State  of  Iowa  rests 
wholly  within,  and  comprises  a  part  of,  a  vast  plain,  with  no  mountain  or  hill 
ranges  within  its  borders. 

A  clearer  idea  of  the  great  uniformity  of  the  surface  of  the  State  may  be 
obtained  from  a  statement  of  the  general  slopes  in  feet  per  mile,  from  point  to 
point,  in  straight  lines  across  it : 

From  the  N.  E.  corner  to  the  S.  E.  corner  of  the  State 1  foot  1  inch  per  mile. 

From  the  N.  E.  corner  to  Spirit  Lake 5  feet  5  inches  per  mile. 

From  the  N.  W.  corner  to  Spirit  Lake 5  feetO  inches  per  mUe. 

From  the  N.  W.  corner  to  the  S.  W.  corner  of  the  State 2  feet  0  inches  per  mile. 

From  the  S.  W.  comer  to  the  highest  ridge  between  the  two 

great  rivers  (in  Binggold  County) 4  feet  1  inch  per  mile 

From  the  dividing  ridge  in  the  S.  E.  corner  of  the  State 5  feet  7  inches  per  mile. 

From  the  highest  point  in  the  State  (near  Spirit  Lake)  to  the 
lowest  point  in  the  State  (at  the  mouth  of  Des  Moines 
Eiver)  .i... '. .'..; 4  feet  0  inches  per  mile. 

It  will  be  seen,  therefore,  that  there  is  a  good  degree  of  propriety  in  regard- 
ing the  whole  State  as  a  part  of  a  great  plain,  the  lowest  point  of  which  within 
its  bordei:s,  the  southeast  corner  of  the  State,  is  only  444  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  sea.  The  average  height  of  the  whole  State  above  the  level  of  the  sea  is 
not  faf  from  eight  hundred  feet,  although  it  is  more  than  a  thousand  miles 
inland  from  the  nearest  sea  coast.  These  remarks  are,  of  course,  to  be  under- 
stood as  applying  to  the  surface  of  the  State  as  a  whole.  When  we  come  to 
consider  its  surface  feature  in  detail,  we  find  a  great  diversity  of  surface  by  the 
formation  of  valleys  out  of  the  general  level,  which  have  been  evolved  by  the 
action  of  streams  during  the  unnumbered  years  of  the  terrace  epoch. 

It  is  in  the  northeastern  part  of  the  State  that  the  river  valleys  are  deepest; 
consequently  the  country  there  has  the  greatest  diversity  of  surface,  and  its 
physical  features  are  most  strongly  marked. 

DRAINAGE   SYSTEM. 

The  Mississippi  and  Missouri  Rivers  form  the  eastern  and  western  bounda- 
ries of  the  State,  and  receive  the  eastern  and  western,  drainage  of  it. 

The  eastern  drainage  system,  comprises  not  far  from  two-thirds  of  the  en- 
tire surface  of  the  State.  The  great  watershed  which  divides,  these  two  systems 
is  formed  by  the  highest  land  between  those  rivers  along  the  whole  length  of  a 
line  running  southward  from  a  point  on  the  northern  boundary  line  of  the  State 
near  Spirit  Lake,  in  Dickinson  County,  to  a  nearly  central  point  in  the  northern 
part  of  Adair  County. 

From  the  last  named  point,  this  highest  ridge  of  land,  between  the  two  great 
rivers,  continues  southward,,  without  .change  of  character,  through  Ringgold 
County  into  the  State  of  Missouri ;  but  southward  from  that  point,,  in  Adair 
County,  it  is  no  longer, the  great  watershed.  From  that  point,,  another  and 
lower  ridge  bears  oflf  more  nearly  southeastward,  through  the  counties  of  Madi- 
son, Clarkp,  Lucaa  and  Appanoose,  and  becomes  itself  the  great  watershed.    .■ 


History  of  the  state  of  iowA.  m 

RIVERS. 

All  streams  that  rise  in  Iowa  rise  upon  the  incoherent  surface  deposits, 
occupying  at  first  only  slight  depressions  in  the  surface,  and  scarcely  percept- 
ible.    These  successively  coalesce  to  form  the  streams. 

The  drift  and  bluff  deposits  are  both  so  thick  in  Iowa  that  its  streams  not 
only  rise  upon  their  surface,  but  they  also  reach  considerable  depth  into  these 
deposits  alone,  in  some  cases  to  a  depth  of  nearly  two  hundred  feet  from  the 
general  prairie  level. 

The  majority  of  streams  that  constitute  the  western  system  of  Iowa  drainage 
run,  either  along  the  whole  or  a  part  of  their  course,  upon  that  peculir  deposit 
known  as  bluff  deposit.  Their  banks  are  often,  even  of  the  small  streams, 
from  five  to  ten  feet  in  height,  quite  perpendicular,  so  that  they  make  the 
streams  almost  everywhere  unfordable,  and  a  great  impediment  to  travel  across 
the  open  country  where  there  are  no  bridges. 

The  material  of  this  deposit  is  of  a  slightly  yellowish  ash  color,  except 
where  d^arkened  by  decaying  vegetation,  very  fine  and  silicious,  but  not  sandy, 
not  very  cohesive,  and  not  at  all  plastic.  It  forms  excellent  soil,  and  does  not 
bake  or  crack  in  drying,  except  limy  concretions,  which  are  generally  dis- 
tributed throughout  the  mass,  in  shape  and  size  resembling  pebbles ;  not  a 
stone  or  pebble  can  be  found  in  the  whole  deposit.  It  was  called  "  silicious 
marl"  by  Dr.  Owen,  in  his  geological  report  to  the  General  Government,  and 
its  origin  referred  to  an  accumulation  of  sediment  in  an  ancient  lake,  which 
was  afterward  draiped,  when  its  sediment  became  dry  land.  Prof.  Swallaw 
gives  it  the  name  of  "  bluff,"  which  is  here  adopted ;  the  term  Lacustral  would 
have  been  better.  The  peculiar  properties  of  this  deposit  are  that  it  will  stand 
securely  with  a  precipitous  front  two  hundred  feet  high,  and  yet  is  easily 
excavated  with  a  spade.  Wells  dug  in  it  require  only  to  bewailed  to  a  point  just 
above  the  water  line.  Yet,  compact  as  it  is,  it  is  very  porous,  so  that  water 
which  fa.lls  on  its  surface  does  not  remain,  but  percolates  through  it ;  neither 
does  it  accumulate  within  its  mass,  as  it  does  upon  the  surface  of  and  within 
the  drift  and  the  stratified  formations. 

The  bluff  deposit  is  known  to  occupy  a  region  through  which  the  Missouri 
runs  almost  centrally,  and  measures,  as  far  as  is  known,  more  than  two  hun- 
dred miles  in  length  and  nearly  one  hundred  miles  in  width.  The  thickest 
part  yet  known  in  Iowa  is  in  Fremont  County,  where  it  reaches  two  hundred 
feet.  The  boundaries  of  this  deposit  in  Iowa  are  nearly  as  follows :  Com- 
mencing at  the  southeast  corner  of  Fremont  County,  follow  up  the  watershed 
between  the  East  Nishnabotany  and  the  West  Tarkio  Rivers  to  the  southern 
Boundary  of  Cass  County ;  thence  to  the  center  of  Audubon  County ;  thence 
to  Tip  Top  Station,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railway ;  thence  by  a 
broad  curve  westward  to  the  northwest  corner  of  Plymouth  County. 

This  deposit  is  composed  of  fine  sedimentary;  particles,  similar  to  that 
which  the  Missouri  River  now  deposits  from  its  waters,  and  is  the  same  which 


112  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OP  IOWA. 

that  river  did  deposit  in  a  broad  depression  in  the  surface  of  the  drift  that 
formed  a  lake-like  expansion  of  that  river  in  the  earliest  period  of  the  history 
of  its  valley.  That  lake,  as  shown  by  its  deposit,  which  now  remains,  was 
about  one  hundred  miles  wide  and  more  than  twice  as  long.  The  water  of  the 
river  was  muddy  then,  as  now,  and  the  broad  lake  became  filled  with  the  sedi- 
ment which  the  river  brought  down,  before  its  valley  had  enough  in  the  lower 
portion  of  its  course  to  drain  it.  After  the  lake  became  filled  with  the  sedi- 
ment, the  valley  below  became  deepened  by  the  constant  erosive  action  of  the 
waters,  to  a  depth  of  more  than  sufficient  to  have  drained  the  lake  of  its  first 
waters ;  but  the  only  eifect  then  was  to  cause  it  to  cut  its  valley  out  of  the  de- 
posits its  own  muddy  waters  had  formed.  Thus  along  the  valley  of  that  river, 
so  far  as  it  forms  the  western  boundary  of  Iowa,  the  blufis  which  border  it  are 
composed  of  that  sediment  known  as  bluif  deposit,  forming  a  distinct  border 
along  the  broad,  level  flood  plain,  the  width  of  which  varies  from  five  to  fifteen 
miles,  while  the  original  sedimentary  deposit  stretches  far  inland. 

All  the  rivers  of  the  western  system  of  drainage,  except  the  Missouri  itself, 
are  quite  incomplete  as  rivers,  in  consequence  of  their  being  really  only 
branches  of  other  larger  tributaries  of  that  great  river  ,  or,  if  they  empty  into 
the  Missouri  direct,  they  have  yet  all  the  usual  characteristics  of  Iowa  rivers, 
from  their  sources  to  their  mouths. 

Ohariton  and  Q-rand  Rivers  both  rise  and  run  for  the  first  twenty-five  miles 
of  their  courses  upon  the  drift  deposit  alone.  The  first  strata  that  are  exposed 
by  the  deepening  valleys  of  both  these  streams  belong  to  the  upper  coal  meas- 
ures, and  they  both  continue  upon  the  same  formation  until  they  make  their 
exit  from  the  State  (the  former  in  Appanoose  County,  the  latter  in  Ringgold 
County),  near  the  boundary  of  which  they  have  passed  nearly  or  quite  through 
the  whole  of  that  formation  to  the  middle  coal  measures.  Their  valleys  gradu- 
ally deepen  from  their  upper  portions  downward,  so  that  within  fifteen  or  twenty ' 
miles  they  have  reached  a  depth  of  near  a  hundred  and  fifty  feet  below  the  gen- 
eral level  of  the  adjacent  high  land.  When  the  rivers  have  cut  their  valleys 
down  through  the  series  of  limestone  strata,  they  reach  those  of  a  clayey  com- 
position. Upon  these  they  widen  their  valleys  and  make  broad  flood  plains 
(commonly  termed  "bottoms"),  the  soil  of  which  is  stiff  and  clayey,  except 
where  modified  by  sandy  washings. 

A  considerable  breadth  of  woodland  occupies  the  bottoms  and  valley  sides 
along  a  great  part  of  their  length  ;  but  their  upper  branches  and  tributaries  are 
mostly  prairie  streams. 

Platte  River. — This  river  belongs  mainly  to  Missouri.  Its  upper  branches 
pass  through  Ringgold  County,  and,  with  the  west  fork  of  the  Grand  River, 
drain  a  large  region  of  country. 

Here  the  drift  deposit  reaches  its  maximum  thickness  on  an  east  and  west 
line  across  the  State,  and  the  valleys  are  eroded  in  some  instances  to  a  depth  of 
two  hundred  feet,  apparently,  through  this  deposit  alone. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OP  IOWA.  Hg 

The  term  "  drift  deposit "  applies  to  the  soil  and  sub-soil  of  the  greater  part 
of  the  State,  and  in  it  alone  many  of  our  wells  are  dug  and  our  forests  take 
root.  It  rests  upon  the  stratified  rocks.  It  is  composed  of  clay,  sand,  gravel 
aud  boulders,  promiscuously  intermixed,  "without  stratification,  varying  in  char- 
acter in  difierent  parts  of  the  State. 

The  proportion  of  lime  in  the  drift  of  Iowa  is  so  great  that  the  water  of  all 
our  wells  and  springs  is  too  "  hard  "  for  washing  purposes ;  and  the  same  sub- 
stance is  so  prevalent  in  the  drift  clays  that  they  are  always  found  to  have  suffi- 
cient flux  when  used  for  the  manufacture  of  brick. 

One  Mundred  and  Two  River  is  represented  in  Taylor  County,  the  valleys 
of  which  have  the  same  general  character  of  those  j  ust  described.  The  country 
around  and  between  the  east  and  west  forks  of  this  stream  is  almost  entirely 
prairie. 

Nodaway  River. — This  stream  is  represented  by  east,  middle  and  west 
branches.  The  two  former  rise  in  Adair  County,  the  latter  in  Cass  County. 
These  rivers  and  valleys  are  fine  examples  of  the  small  rivers  and  valleys  of 
Southern  Iowa.  They  have  the  general  character  of  drift  valleys,  and  with 
beautiful  undulating  and  sloping  sides.  The  Nodaways  drain  one  of  the  finest 
agricultural  regions  in  the  State,  the  soil  of  which  is  tillable  almost  to  their  very 
banks.  The  banks  and  the  adjacent  narrow  flood  plains  are  almost  everywhere 
composed  of  a  rich,  deep,  dark  loam. 

Nishndbotany  River. — This  river  is  represented  by  east  and  west  branches, 
the  former  having  its  source  in  Anderson  County,  the  latter  in  Shelby  County. 
Both  these  branches,  from  their  source  to  their  confluence — and  also  the  main 
stream,  from  thence  to  the  point  where  it  enters  the  great  flood  plain  of  the 
Missouri — run  through  a  region  the  surface  of  which  is  occupied  by  the  bluff 
deposit.  The  West  Nishiiabotany  is  probably  without  any  valuable  mill  sites. 
In  the  western  part  of  Cass  County,  the  East  Nishnabotany  loses  its  identity 
by  becoming  abruptly  divided  up  into  five  or  six  different  creeks.  A  few 
good  mill  sites  occur  here  on  this  stream.  None,  however,  that  are  thought 
reliable  exist  on  either  of  these  rivers,  or  on  the  main  stream  below  the 
confluence,  except,  perhaps,  one  or  two  in  Montgomery  County.  The 
valleys  of  the  two  branches,  and  the  intervening  upland,  possess  remarkable 
fertility. 

Bayer  River. — Until  it  enters  the  flood  plain  of  the  Missouri,  the  Boyer 
runs  almost,  if  not  quite,  its  entire  course  through  the  region  occupied  by  the 
bluff  deposit,  and  has  cut  its  valley  entirely  through  it  along  most  of  its  pas- 
sage. The  only  rocks  exposed  are  the  upper  coal  measures,  near  Reed's  mill,  in 
Harrison  County.  The  exposures  are  slight,  and  are  the  most  northerly  now 
known  in  Iowa.  The  valley  of  this  river  has  usually  gently  sloping  sides,  and  an 
ndistinctly  defined  flood  plain.  Along  the  lower  half  of  its  course  the  adjacent 
upland  presents  a  surface  of  the  billowy  character,  peculiar  to  the  bluff  deposit. 
The  source  of  this  river  is  in  Sac  County. 


114  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

Soldier  River. — The  east  and  middle  branches  of  this  stream  have  their 
source  in  Crawford  County,  and  the  west  branch  in  Ida  County.  The  whole 
course  of  this  river  is  through  the  bluff  deposit.  It  has  no  exposure  of  strata 
albng  its  course. 

Little  Sioux  Biver. — Under  this  head  are  included  both  the  main  and  west 
branches  of  that  stream,  together  with  the  Maple,  which  is  one  of  its  branches. 
The  west  branch  and  the  Maple  are  so  similar  to  the  Soldier  River  that  they 
need  no  separate  description.  The  main  stream  has  its  boundary  near  the 
northern  boundary  of  the  State,  and  funs  most  of  its  course  upon  drift  deposit 
alone,  entering  the  region  of  the  bluff  deposit  in  the  southern  part  of  Cherokee 
County.  The  two  principal  upper  branches,  near  their  source  in  Dickinson 
and  Osceola  .Counties,  are  small  prairie  creeks,  with  indistinct  valleys.  On 
entering  Clay  County,  the  valley  deepens,  and  at  their  confluence  has  a  depth 
of  one  hundred  feet,  which  atill  further  increases  until  along  the  boundary  line 
between  Clay  and  Buena  Vista  Couniies,  it  reaches  a  depth  of  two  hundrejd 
feet.  Just  as  the  valley  enters  Cherokee  County,  it  turns  to  the  southward  and 
becomes  much  widened,  with  its  sides  gently  sloping  to  the  uplands.  When  the 
valley  enters  the  region  of  the  bluff  deposit,  it  assumes  the  billowy  appearance. 
No  exposures  of  strata  of  any  kind  have  been  found  in  the  valley  of  the  Little 
Sioux  or  any  of  its  branches. 

Floyd  River. — This  river  rises  upon  the  drift  in  O'Brien  County,  and  flow- 
ing southward  enters  the  region  of  the  bluff  deposit  a  little  north  of  the  center 
of  Plymouth  County.  Almost  from  its  source  to  its  moiith  it  is  a  prairie  stream, 
with  slightly  sloping  valley  sides,  which  blend  gradually  with  the  uplands.  A 
single  slight  exposure  of  sandstone  of  cretaceous  age  occurs  in  the  valley  near 
Sioux  City,  and  which  is  the  only  known  exposure  of  rock  of  any  kind  along 
its  whole  length.  Near  this  exposure  is  a  mill  site,  but  farther  up  the  stream 
it  is  not  valuable  for  such  purposes. 

Rock  River. — This  stream  passes  through  Lyon  and  Sioux  Counties.  It 
was  evidently  so  named  from  the  fact  that  considerable  exposures  of  the  red 
Sioux  quartzite  occur  along  the  main  branches  of  the  stream  in  Minnesota,^  a 
few  miles  north  of  our  State  boundary.  Within  this  State  the  main  stream  and 
its  branches  are  drift  streams,  and  strata  are  exposed.  The  beds  and  banks  of 
the  streams  are  usually  sandy  and  gravelly,  with  occasional  boulders  intermixed. 

Big  Sioux  Biver. — The  valley  of  this  river,  from  the  northwest  comer  of 
the  State  to  its  mouth,  possesses  much  the  same  character  as  all  the  streams  of 
the  surface  deposits.  At  Sioux  Falls,  a  few  miles  above  the  northwest  corner 
of  the  State,  the  stream  meets  with  remarkable  obstructions  from  the  presence 
of  Sioux  quartzite,  which  outcrops  directly  across  the  stream,  and  causes  a  fall 
of  about  sixty  feet  within  a  distance  of  half  a  mile,  producing  a  series  of  cas- 
cades. For  the  first  twenty-five  miles  above  its  mouth,  the  valley  is  very  bro^d, 
with  a  broad,  flat  flood  plain,  with  gentle  slopes  occasionally  showing  indistinctly 
defined  terraces.     These  terraces  and  valley  bottoms  constitute  some  of  the  finest 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  115 

agricultural  land  of  the  region.  On  the  Iowa  side  of  the  valley  the  upland 
presents  abrupt  bluffs,  steep  as  the  materials  of  which  they  are  composed  will 
stand,  and  from  one  hundred  to  nearly  two  hundred  feet  high  above  the  stream. 
At  rare  intervals,  about  fifteen  miles  from  its  mouth,  the  cretaceous  strata  are 
found  exposed  in  the  face  of  the  bluffs  of  the  Iowa  side.^  No  other  strata  are 
exposed  along  that  part  of  the  valley  which  borders  our  State,  with  the  single 
exception  of  Sioux  quartzite  at  its  extreme  northwestern  corner.  Some  good  mill 
sites  may  be  secured  along  that  portion  of  this  river  which  borders  Lyon  County, 
but  below  this  the  fall  will  probably  be  found  insufiScient  and  the  location  for 
dams  insecure. 

Missouri  River. — This  is  one  of  the  muddiest  streams  on  the  globe,  and  its 
waters  are  known  to  be  very  turbid  far  toward  its  source.  The  chief  pecul- 
iarity of  this  river  is  its  broad  flood  plains,  and  its  adjacent  bluff  deposits. 
Much  the  greater  part  of  the  flood  plain  of  this  river  is  upon  the  Iowa  side,  and 
continuous  from  the  south  boundary  line  of  the  State  to  Sioux  City,  a  distance 
of  more  than  one  hundred  miles  in  length,  varying  from  three  to  five  miles  in 
width.  This  alluvial  plain  is  estimated  to  contain  more  than  half  a  million  acres 
of  land  within  the  State,  upward  of  four  hundred  thousand  of  which  are  now 
tillable. 

The  rivers  of  the  eastern  system  of  drainage  have  quite  a  different  character 
from  those  of  the  western,  system.  They  are  larger,  longer  and  have  their  val- 
leys modified  to  a  much  greater  extent  by  the  underlying  strata.  For  the  lat- 
ter reason,  water-power  is  much  more  abundant  upon  them  than  upon  the 
streams  of  the  western  system. 

Bes  Moines  River. — This  river  has  its  source  in  Minnesota,  but  it  enters 
Iowa  before  it  has  attained  any  size,  and  fiows  almost  centrally  through  it  from 
northwest  to  southeast,  emptying  into  the  Mississippi  at  the  extreme  southeast- 
ern corner  of  the   State.     It  drains  a  greater  area  than  any  river  within  the 
State.    The  upper  portion  of  it  is  divided  into  two  branches  known  as  the  east 
and  west  forks.     These  unite  in  Humboldt  County.      The  valleys  of  these 
branches  above  their  confluence  are  drift-valleys,  except  a  few  small  exposures 
of  subcarboniferous  limestone  about  five  miles  above  their  confluence.     These 
exposures  produce  several  small  mill-sites.     The  valleys  vary  from  a  few  hun- 
dred yards  to  half  a  mile  in  width,  and  are  the  finest  agricultural  lands.     In  the 
northern  part  of  Webster  County,  the  character  of  the  main  valley  is  modified 
by  the  presence  of  ledges  and  low  cliffs  of  the  subcarboniferous  limestone  and 
gypsum.     From  a  point  a  little  below  Fort  Dodge  to  near  Amsterdam,  in  Ma- 
rion County,  the  river  runs  all  the  way  through  and  upon  the  lower  coal-meas- 
ure strata.     Along  this  part  of  its  course  the  flood-plain  varies  from  an  eighth 
to  half  a  mile  or  more  in  width.     From  Amsterdam  to  Ottumwa  the  subcarbon- 
iferous limestone  appears  at  intervals  in  the  valley  sides.    Near  Ottumwa,  the  sub- 
carboniferous rocks  pass  beneath  the  river  again,  bringing  down  the  coal-measure 
strata  into  its  bed ;  but  they  rise  again  from  it  in  the  extreme  northwestern  part 


116  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

of  Van  Buren  County,  and  subcarboniferous  strata  resume  and  keep  their  place 
along  the  valley  to  the  north  of  the  river.  From  Fort  Dodge  to  the  northern 
part  of  Lee  County,  the  strata  of  the  lower  coal  measures  are  present  in  the 
valley.  Its  flood  plain  is  frequently  sandy,  from  the  debris  of  the  sandstone 
and  sandy  shales  of  the  coal  measures  produced  by  their  removal  in  the  process 
of  the  formation  of  the  valley. 

The  principal  tributaries  of  the  Des  Moines  are  upon  the  western  side. 
These  are  the  Raccoon  and  the  three  rivers,  viz.:  South,  Middle  and  North  Riv- 
ers. The  three  latter  have  their  source  in  the  region  occupied  by  the  upper 
coal-measure  limestone  formation,  flow  eastward  over  the  middle  coal  measures, 
and  enter  the  valley  of  the  Des  Moines  upon  the  lower  coal  measures,  These 
streams,  especially  South  and  Middle  Rivers,  are  frequently  bordered  by  high, 
rocky  clifis.  Raccoon  River  has  its  source  upon  the  heavy  surface  deposits  of 
the  middle  region  of  Western  Iowa,  and  along  the  greater  part  of  its  course  it 
has  excavated  its  valley  out  those  deposits  and  the  middle  coal  measures  alone. 
The  valley  of  the  Des  Moines  and  its  branches  are  destined  to  become  the  seat 
of  extensive  manufactures  in  consequence  of  the  numerous  mill  sites  of  immense 
power,  and  the  fact  that  the  main  valley  traverses  the  entire  length  of  the  Iowa 
coal  fields. 

Skunk  Biver. — This  river  has  its  source  in  Hamilton  County,  and  runs 
almost  its  entire  course  upon  the  border  of  the  outcrop  of  the  lower  coal  pleas- 
ures, or,  more  properly  speaking,  upon  the  subcarboniferous  limestone,  just  where 
it  begins  to  pass  beneath  the  coal  measures  by  its  southerly  and  westerly  dip. 
Its  general  course  is  southeast.  From  the  western  part  of  Henry  County,  up 
as  far  as  Story  County,  the  broad,  flat  flood  plain  is  covered  with  a  rich  deep 
clay  soil,  which,  in  time  of  long-continued  rains  and  overflows  of  the  river,  has 
made  the  valley  of  Skunk  River  a  terror  to  travelers  from  the  earliest  settle- 
ment of  the  country.  There  are  some  excellent  mill  sites  on  the  lower  half  of 
this  river,  but  they  are  not  so  numerous  or  valuable  as  on  other  rivers  of  the 
eastern  system. 

Iowa  River. — This  river  rises  in  Hancock  County,  in  the  midst  of  a  broad, 
slightly  undulating  drift  region.  The  first  rock  exposure  is  that  of  subcarbon- 
iferous limestone,  in  the  southwestern  corner  of  Franklin  County.  It  enters 
the  region  of  the  Devonian  strata  near  the  southwestern  corner  of  Benton 
County,  and  in  this  it  continues  to  its  confluence  with  the  Cedar  in  Louisa 
County.  Below  the  junction  with  the  Cedar,  and  for  some  miles  above  that 
point,  its  valley  is  broad,  and  especially  on  the  northern  side,  with  a  well 
marked  flood  plain.  Its  borders  gradually  blend  with  the  uplands  as  they  slope 
away  in  the  distance  from  the  river.  The  Iowa  furnishes  numerous  and  valua- 
ble mill  sites. 

Cedar  River. — This  stream  is  usually  understood  to  be  a  branch  of  the 
Iowa,  but  it  ought,  really,  to  be  regarded  as  the  main  stream.  It  rises  by 
numerous  branches  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State,  and  flows  the  entire  length 


HISTORY  OP  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  117 

of  the  State,  through  the  region  occupied  by  the  Devonian  strata  and  along  the 
trend  occupied  by  that  formation. 

The  valley  of  this  river,  in  the  upper  part  of  its  course,  is  narrow,  and  the 
sides  slope  so  gently  as  to  scarcely  show  where  the  lowlands  end  and  the  up- 
lands begin.  Below  the  confluence  with  the  Shell  Eock,  the  flood  plain  is  more 
distinctly  marked  and  the  valley  broad  and  shallow.  The  valley  of.  the  Cedar 
is  one  of  the  finest  regions  in  the  State,  and  both  the  main  stream  and  its 
branches  afford  abundant  and  reliable  mill  sites. 

Wapsipinnicon  River.— This,  river  has  its  source  ne?,r  the  source  of  the 
Cedar,  and  runs  parallel  and  near  it  almost  its  entire  course,  the  upper  half 
upon  the  same  formation — the  Devonian.  In  the  northeastern  part  of  Linn 
County,  it  enters  the  region  of  the  Niagara  limestone,  upon  which  it  continues 
to  the  Mississippi.  It  is  one  hundred  miles  long,  and  yet  the  area  of  its  drain- 
age is  only  from  twelve  to  twenty  miles  in  width.  Hence,  its  numerous  mill 
sites  are  unusually  secure. 

Turkey  River. — This  river  and  the  Upper  Iowa  are,  in  many  respects,  un- 
like other  Iowa  rivers.  The  difference  is  due  to  the  great  depth  they  have 
eroded  their  valleys  and  the  different  character  of  the  material  through  which 
they  have  eroded.  Turkey  River  rises  in  Howard  County,  and  in  Winnesheik 
County,  a  few  miles  from  its  source,  its  valley  has  attained  a  depth  of  more  than 
two  hundred  feet,  and  in  Fayette,  and  Clayton  Counties  its  depth  is  increased  to 
three  and  four  hundred  feet.  The  summit  of  the  uplands,  bordering  nearly  the 
whole  length  of  the  valley,  is  capped  by  the  Maquoketa  shales.  These  shales 
are  underlaid  by  the  Galena  limestone,  between  two  and  three  hundred  feet 
thick.  The  valley  has  been  eroded  through  these,  and  runs  upon  the  Trenton 
limestone.  Thus,  all  the  formations  along  and  within  this  valley  are  Lower 
Silurian.  The  valley  is  usually  narrow,  and  without  a  well-marked  flood  plain. 
Water  power  is  abundant,  but  in  most  places  inaccessible. 

Upper  Iowa  River. — This  river  rises  in  Minnesota,  just  beyond  the  north- 
ern boundary  line,  and  enters  our  State  in  Howard  County  before  it  has  attained 
any  considerable  size.     Its  course  is  nearly  eastward  until  it  reaches  the  Mis- 
sissippi.    It  rises  in  the  region  of  the  Devonian  rocks,  and  flows  across  the  out- 
crops, respectively,  of  the  Niagara,  Galena  and  Trenton  limestone,  the  lower 
magnesian  limestone  and  Potsdam  sandstone,  into  and  through  all  of  which, 
except  the  last,  it  has  cut  its  valley,  which  is  the  deepest  of  any  in  Iowa.     The 
valley  sides  are,  almost  everywhere,  high  and  steep,  and  cliffs  of  lower  magne- 
sian and  Trenton  limestone  give  them  a  wild  and  rugged  aspect.      In  the  lower 
part  of  the  valley,  the  flood  plain  reaches  a  width  sufficient  for  the  location  of 
small  farms,  but  usually  it  is  too  narrow  for  such  purposes.     On  the  higher 
surface,  however,  as  soon  as  you  leave  the  valley  you  come  immediately  upon  a 
cultivated  country.     This  stream  has  the  greatest  slope  per  mile  of  any  in  Iowa, 
consequently  it  furnishes  immense  water  power.     In  some  places,  where  creeks 
come  into  it,  the  valley  widens  and  affords  good  locations  for  farms.     The  town 


118  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

of  Decorah,  in  Winnesheik  County,  is  located  in  one  of  these  spots,  which 
makes  it  a  lovely  location ;  and  the  power  of  the  river  and  the  small  spring 
streams  around  it  oifer  fine  facilities  for  manufacturing.  This  river  and  its 
tributaries  are  the  only  trout  streams  in  Iowa. 

Mississippi  River. — This  river  may  be  described,  in  general  terms,  as  a  broad 
canal  cut  out  of  the  general  level  of  the  country  through  which  the  river  flows. 
It  is  bordered  by  abrupt  hills  or  blufis.  The  bottom  of  the  valley  ranges  from 
one  to  eight  miles  in  width.  The  whole  space  between  the  bluffs  is  occupied  by 
the  river  and  its  bottom,  or  flood  plain  only,  if  we  except  the  occasional  terraces 
or  remains  of  ancient  flood  plains,  which  are  not  now  reached  by  the  highest 
floods  of  the  river.  The  river  itself  is  from  half  a  mile  to  nearly  a  mile  in 
width.  There  are  but  four  points  along  the  whole  length  of  the  State  where  the 
bluffs  approach  the  stream  on  both  sides.  The  Lower  Silurian  formations  com- 
pose the  bluffs  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State,  but  they  gradually  disappear 
by  a  southerly  dip,  and  the  bluffs  are  continued  successively  by  the  Upper 
Silurian,  Devonian,  and  subcarboniferous  rocks,  which  are  reached  near  the 
southeastern  corner  of  the  State. 

Considered  in  their  relation  to  the  present  general  surface  of  the  state,  the 
relative  ages  of  the  river  valley  of  Iowa  date  back  only  to  the  close  of  the 
glacial  epoch ;  but  that  the  Mississippi,  and  all  the  rivers  of  Northeastern  Iowa, 
if  no  others,  had  at  least  a  large  part  of  the  rocky  portions  of  their  valleys 
eroded  by  pre-glacial,  or  perhaps  even  by  palaeozoic  rivers,  can  scarcely  be 
doubted. 

LAKES. 

The  lakes  of  Iowa  may  be  properly  divided  into  two  distinct  classes.  The 
first  may  be  called  drift  lakes,  having  had  their  origin  in  the  depressions  left 
in  the  surface  of  the  drift  at  the  close  of  the  glacial  epoch,  and  have  rested  upon 
the  undisturbed  surface  of  the  drift  deposit  ever  since*  the  glaciers  disappeared. 
The  others  may  be  properly  termed  fluvatile  or  alluvial  lakes,  because  they  have 
had  their  origin  by  the  action  of  rivers  while  cutting  their  own  valleys  out  from 
the  surface  of  the  drift  as  it  existed  at  the  close  of  the  glacial  epoch,  and  are  now 
found  resting  upon  the  alluvium,  as  the  others  rest  upon  the  drift.  By  the  term 
alluvium  is  meant  the  deposit  which  has  accumulated  in  the  valleys  of  rivers  by 
the  action  of  their  own  currents.  It  is  largely  composed  of  sand  and  other 
coarse  material,  and  upon  that  deposit  are  some  of  the  best  and  most  productive 
soils  in  the  State.  It  is  this  deposit  which  form  the  flood  plains  and  deltas  of 
our  rivers,  as  well  as  the  terraces  of  their  valleys. 

The  regions  to  which  the  drift  lakes  are  principally  confined  are  near  the 
head  waters  of  the  principal  streams  of  the  State.  We  consequently  find  them 
in  those  regions  which  lie  between  the  Cedar  and  Des  Moines  Rivers,  and  the 
Des  Moines  and  Little  Sioux.  No  drift  lakes  are  found  in  Southern  Iowa. 
The  largest  of  the  lakes  to  be  found  in  the  State  are  Spirit  and  Okoboji,  in 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IQWA.  119 

Dickinson  County ;  Clear  Lake,  in  Cerro  Gordo  County ;  and  Storm  Lake  in 
Bunea  Vista  County. 

Spirit  Lake. — The  width  and  length  of  this  lake  are  about  equal ,  and  it 
contains  about  twelve  square  miles  of  surface,  its  northern  border  resting  directly 
on  the  boundary  of  the  State.  It  lies  almost  directly  upon  the  great  watershed. 
Its  shores  are  mostly  gravelly,  and  the  country  about  it  fertile. 

Ohohoji  Lake. — This  body  of  water  lies  directly  south  of  Spirit  Lake,  and 
has  somewhat  the  shape  of  a  horse-shoe,  with  its  eastern  projection  within  a  few 
rods  of  Spirit  Lake,  where  it  receives  the  outlet  of  the  latter.  Okoboji  Lake 
extends  about  five  miles  southward  from  Spirit  Lake,  thence  about  the  same 
distance  westward,  and  then  bends  northward  about  as  far  as  the  eastern  projec- 
tion. The  eastern  portion  is  narrow,  but  the  western  is  larger,  and  in  some 
places  a  hundred  feet  deep.  The  surroundings  of  this  and  Spirit  Lake  are  very 
pleasant.  Fish  are  abundant  in  them,  and  they  are  the  resort  of  myriads  of 
water  fowl. 

Clear  Lake. — This  lake  is  situated  in  Cerro  Gordo  County,  upon  the 
watershed  between  the  Iowa  and  Cedar  Rivers.  It  is  about  five  miles  long, 
and  two  or  three  miles  wide,  and  has  a  maximum  depth  of  only  fifteen 
feet.    Its  shores  and  the  country  around  it  are  like  that  of  Spirit  Lake. 

Storm  Lake. — This  body  of  water  rests  upon  the  great  water  shed  in  Buena 
Vista  County.  It  is  a  clear,  beautiful  sheet  of  water,  containing  a  surface  area 
of  between  four  and  five  square  miles. 

The  outlets  of  all  these  drift-lakes  are  dry  during  a  portion  of  the  year,  ex- 
cept Okoboji. 

Walled  Lakes. — Along  the  water  sheds  of  Northern  Iowa  great  numbers  of 
small  lakes  exist,  varying  from  half  a  mile  to  a  mile  in  diameter.  One  of  the  lakes 
in  Wright  County,  and  another  in  Sac,  have  each  received  the  name  of  "  Walled 
Lake,"  on  account  of  the  existence  of  embankments  on  their  borders,  which  are 
supposed  to  be  the  work  of  ancient  inhabitants.  These  embankments  are  from 
two  to  ten  feet  in  height,  and  from  five  to  thirty  feet  across.  They  are  the 
result  of  natural  causes  alone,  being  referable  to  the  periodic  action  of  ice,  aided, 
to  some  extent,  by  the  force  of  the  waves.  These  lakes  are  very  shallow,  and 
in  winter  freeze  to  the  bottom,  so  that  but  little  unfrozen  water  remains  in  the 
middle.  The  ice  freezes  fast  to  everything  upon  the  bottom,  and  the  expansive 
power  of  the  water  in  freezing  acts  in  all  directions  from  the  center  to  the  cir- 
cumference, and  whatever  was  on  the  bottom  of  the  lake  has  been  thus  carried 
to  the  shore,  and  this  has  been  going  on  from  year  to  year,  from  century  to 
century,  forming  the  embankments  which  have  caused  so  much  wonder. 

SPKINGS. 

Springs  issue  from  all  formations,  and  from  the  sides  of  almost  every  valley, 
but  they  are  more  numerous,  and  assume  proportions  which  give  rise  to  the 
name  of  sink-holes,  along  the  upland  borders  of  the  Upper  Iowa  River,  owing 


120  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

to  the  peculiar  fissured  and  laminated  character  and  great  thickness  of  the  strata 
of  the  ao-e  of  the  Trenton  limestone  which  underlies  the  whole  region  of  the 
valley  of  that  stream. 

No  mineral  springs,  properly  so  called,  "have  yet  been  discovered  in  Iowa, 
though  the  water  of  several  artesian  wells  is  frequently  found  charged  with 
soluble  mineral  substances. 

ORIGIN    OF   THE    PRAIRIES. 

It  is  estimated  that  seven-eighths  of  the  surface  of  the  State  was  prairie 
when  first  settled.  They  are  not  confined  to  level  surfaces,  nor  -to  any  partic- 
ular variety  of  soil,  for  within  the  State  they  rest  upon  all  formations,  from 
those  of  the  Azoic  to  those  of  the  Cretaceous  age,  inclusive.  Whatever  may 
have  been  their  origin,  their  present  existence  in  Iowa  is  not  due  to  the  inTBu- 
ence  of  climate,  nor  the  soil,  nor  any  of  the  underlying  formations.  The  real 
cause  is  the  prevalence  of  the  annual  fires.  If  these  had  been  prevented  fifty 
years  ago,  Iowa  would  now  be  a  timbered  country.  The  encroachment  of  forest 
trees  upon  prairie  farms  as  soon  as  the  bordering  woodland  is  protected  from 
the  annual  prairie  fires,  is  well  known  to  farmers  throughout  the  State. 

The  soil  of  Iowa  is  justly  famous  for  its  fertility,  and  there  is  probably  no 
equal  area  of  the  earth's  surface  that  contains  so  little  untillable  land,  or  whose 
soil  has  so  high  an  average  of  fertility.  Ninety-five  per  cent,  of  its  surface  is 
tillable  land. 

GEOLOGY. 

The  soil  of  Iowa  may  be  separated  into  three  general  divisions,  which  not 
only  possess  difierent  physical  characters,  but  also  difiier  in  the  mode  of  their 
origin.  These  are  drift,  bluff  and  alluvial,  and  belong  respectively  to  the 
deposits  bearing  the  same  names.  The  drift  occupies  a  much  larger  part  of  the 
surface  of  the  State  than  both  the  others.  The  blufi"  has  the  next  greatest  area 
of  surface,  and  the  alluvial  least. 

All  soil  is  disintegrated  rock.  The_  drift  deposit  of  Iowa  was  derived,  to  a 
considerable  extent,  from  the  rocks  of  Minnesota ;  but  the  greater  part  of  Iowa 
drift  was  derived  from  its  own  rocks,  much  of  which  has  been  transported  but  a 
short  distance.  In  general  terms  the  constant  component  element  of  the  drift 
soil  is  that  portion  which  was  transported  from  the  north,  while  the  inconstant 
elements  are  those  portions  which  were  derived  from  the  adjacent  or  underlying 
strata.  For  example,  in  Western  Iowa,  wherever  that  cretaceous  formation 
known  as  the  Nishnabotany  sandstone  exists,  the  soil  contains  more  sand  than 
elsewhere.  The  same  may  be  said  of  the  soil  of  some  parts  of  the  State  occu- 
pied by  the  lower  coal  measures,  the  sandstones  and  sandy  shales  of  that  forma- 
tion furnishing  the  sand. 

In  Northern  and  Northwestern  Iowa,  the  drift  contains  more  sand  and 
gravel  than  elsewhere.     This  sand  and  gravel  was,  doubtless,  derived  from  the 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA 


121 


cretaceous  rocks  that  now  do,  or  formerly  did,  exist  there,  and  also  in  part 
from  the  conglomerate  and  pudding-stone  beds  of  the  Sioux  quartzite. 

In  Southern  Iowa,  the  soil  is  frequently  stiff  and  clayey.  This  preponder- 
ating clay  is  doubtless  derived  from  the  clayey  and  shaly  beds  which  alternate 
with  the  limestones  of  that  region. 

The  bluff  soil  is  that  which  rests  upon,  and  constitutes  a  part  of,  the  bluff 
deposit.  It  is  found  only  in  the  western  part  of  the  State,  and  adjacent  to  the 
Missouri  River.  Although  it  contains  less  than  one  per  cent,  of  clay  in  its 
composition,  it  is  in  no  respect  inferior  to  the  best  drift  soil. 

The  alluvial  soil  is  that  of  the  flood  plains  of  the  river  valleys,  or  bottom 
lands.  That  which  is  periodically  flooded  by  the  rivers  is  of  little  value  for 
agricultural  purposes ;  but  a  large  part  of  it  is  entirely  above  the  reach  of  the 
highest  floods,  and  is  very  productive. 

The  stratifled  rocks  of  Iowa  range  from  the  Azoic  to  the  Mesozoic,  inclu- 
sive ;  but  the  greater  portion  of  the  surface  of  the  State  is  occupied  by  those 
of  the  Palaeozoic  age.  The  table  below  will  show  each  of  these  formations  in 
their  order : 


SYSTEMS. 

AGES. 


GROUPS. 

PEKIODS. 


FORMATIONS. 

EPOCHS.      , 


THICKNESS. 

IN    FEET. 


Cretaceous . 


Carboniferous., 


Devonian 

Upper  Silurian.. 


Post  Tertiary 

Lower  Cretaoeoua. 

Coal  Measures. 
Subcarboniferous. 


Lower  Silurian.. 
Azoic 


Hamilton 

Niagara 

'Cincinnati 

■  Trenton. 

Primordial. 
Huronian 


Drift 

Inoceramous  bed, 

Woodbury  Sandstone  and  Shales... 

Nishnabotany  Sandstone 

Upper  Coal  Measures... 

Middle  Coal  Measures 

Lower  Coal  Measures 

St.  Louis  Limestone 

Keokuk  Limestone 

Burlington  Limestone 

Kinderhook  beds 

Hamilton  Limestone  and  Shales.. 

Niagara  Limestone 

Maquoketa  Shales 

Galena  Limestone 

Trenton  Limestone 

St.  Peter's  Sandstone 

Lower  Magnesian  Limestone 

Potsdam  Sandstone 

Sioux  Quartzite 


10 


to  200 

60 
130 
100 
200 
200 
200 

75 

90 
196 
175 
200 
350 

80 
250 
200 

80 
250 
300 

50 


THE    AZOIC   SYSTEM. 

The  Sioux  quartzite  is  found  exposed  in  natural  ledges  only  upon  a  few 
acres  in  the  extreme  northwest  corner  of  the  State,  upon  the  banks  of  the  Big 
Sioux  River,  for  which  reason  the  specific  name  of  Sioux  Quartzite  has  been 
given  them.  It  is  an  intensely  hard  rock,  breaks  in  splintery  fracture,  and  a 
color  varying,  in  different  localities,  from  a  light  to  deep  red.  The  process  of 
metamorphism  has  been  so  complete  throughout  the  whole  formation  that  the 
rock  is  almost  everywhere  of  uniform  texture.  The  dip  is  four  or  five  degrees 
to  the  northward,  and  the  trend  of  the  outcrop  is  eastward  and  westward.     This 


122  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

rock  may  be  quarried  in  a  few  rare  cases,  but  usually  it  cannot  be  secured  in 
dry  forms  except  that  into  which  it  naturally  cracks,  and  the  tendency  is  to 
angular  pieces.     It  is  absolutely  indestructible. 

LOWER   SILURIAN   SYSTEM. 
PRIMOEDIAL  ORODP. 

Potsdam  Sandstone. — This  formation  is  exposed  only  in  a  small  portion  of 
the  northeastern  portion  of  the  State.  It  is  only  to  be  seen  in  the  bases  of  the 
bluffs  and  steep  valley  sides  which  border  the  river  there.  It  may  be  seen 
underlying  the  lower  magnesian  limestone,  St.  Peter  s  sandstone  and  Trenton 
limestone,  in  their  regular  order,  along  the  bluffs  of  the  Mississippi  from  the 
northern  boundary  of  the  State  as  far  south  as  Guttenburg,  along  the  Upper 
Iowa  for  a  distance  of  about  twenty  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  along  a  few  of 
the  streams  which  empty  into  the  Mississippi  in  Allamakee  County. 

It  is  nearly  valueless  for  economic  purposes. 

No  fossils  have  been  discovered  in  this  formation  in  Iowa. 

Lower  Magnesium  Limestone. — This  formation  has  but  little  greater  geo- 
graphical extent  in  Iowa  than  the  Potsdam  sandstone.  It  lacks  a  uniformity 
of  texture  and  stratification,  owing  to  which  it  is  not  generally  valuable  for 
building  purposes. 

The  only  fossils  found  in  this  formation  in  Iowa  are  a  few  traces  of  crinoids, 
near  McGregor. 

St.  Peter's  Sandstone. — This  formation  is  remarkably  uniform  in  thickness 
throughout  its  known  geographical  extent ;  and  it  is  evident  it  occupies  a  large 
portion  of  the  northern  half  of  Allamakee  County,  immediately  beneath  the 
drift. 

TKENTON    GROUP. 

Trenton  Limestone. — With  the  exception  of  this,  all  the  limestones  of  both 
Upper  and  Lower  Silurian  age  in  Iowa  are  magnesian  limestones — nearly  pure 
dolomites.  This  formation  occupies  large  portions  of  Winnesheik  and  Alla- 
makee Counties  and  a  portion  of  Clayton.  The  greater  part  of  it  is  useless  for 
economic  purposes,  yet  there  are  in  some  places  compact  and  evenly  bedded 
layers,  which  afford  fine  material  for  window  caps  and  sills. 

In  this  formation,  fossils  are  abundant,  so  much  so  that,  in  some  places,  the 
rock  is  made  up  of  a  mass  of  shells,  corals  and  fragments  of  tribolites,  cemented 
by  calcareous  material  into  a  solid  rock.  Some  of  these  fossils  are  new  to 
science  and  peculiar  to  Iowa. 

The  Q-alena  Limestone. — This  is  the  upper  formation  of  the  Trenton  group. 
It  seldom  exceeds  twelve  miles  in  width,  although  it  is  fully  one  hundred  and 
fifty  miles  long.  The  outcrop  traverses  portions  of  the  counties  of  Howard, 
Winnesheik,  Allamakee,  Fayette,  Clayton,  Dubuque  and  Jackson.  It  exhibits 
its  greatest  development  in  Dubuque  County.  It  is  nearly  a  pure  dolomite, 
with  a  slight  admixture  of  silicious  matter.     It  is  usually  unfit  for  dressing, 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  123 

though  sometimes  near  the  top  of  the  bed  good  blocks  for  dressing  are  found. 
This  formation  is  the  source  of  the  lead  ore  of  the  Dubuque  lead  mines.  The 
lead  region  proper  is  confined  to  an  area  of  about  fifteen  miles  square  in  the 
vicinity  of  Dubuque.  The  ore  occurs  in  vertical  fissures,  which  traverse  the 
rock  at  regular  intervals  from  east  to  west ;  some  is  found  in  those  which  have 
a  north  and  south  direction.  The  ore  is  mostly  that  known  as  Galena,  or  sul- 
phuret  of  lead,  very  small  quantities  only  of  the  carbonate  being  found  with  it. 

CINCINNATI  GROUP. 

Maquoheta  Shales. — The  surface  o.ccupied  by  this  formation  is  singularly 
long  and  narrow,  seldom  reaching  more  than  a  mile  or-two  in  width,  but  more 
than  a  hundred  miles  in  length.  Its  most  southerly  exposure  is  in  the  bluffs  of 
the  Mississippi  near  Bellevue,  in  Jackson  County,  and  the  most  northerly  yet 
recognized  is  in  the  western  part  of  Winnesheik  County.  The  whole  formation 
is  largely  composed  of  bluish  and  brownish  shales,  sometimes  slightly  arena- 
ceous, sometimes  calcareous,  which  weather  into  a  tenacious  clay  upon  the  sur- 
face, and  the  soil  derived  from  it  is  usually  stiff  and  clayey.  Its  economic 
VJilue  is  very  slight. 

Several  species  of  fossils  which  characterize  the  Cincinnati  group  are  found 
in  the  Maquoketa  shales ;  but  they  contain  a  larger  number  that  have  been 
found  anywhere  else  than  in  these  shales  in  Iowa,  and  their  distinct  faunal  char- 
acteristics seem  to  warrant  the  separation  of  the  Maquoketa  shales  as  a  distinct 
formation  from  any  others  of  the  group. 

UPPER   SILUBIAN   SYSTEM. 

NIAGARA   G^OUP. 

Niagara  Limestone. — The  area  occupied  by  the  Niagara  limestone  is  nearly 
one  hundred  and  sixty  miles  long  from  north  to  south,  and  forty  and  fifty  miles 
wide. 

This  formation  is  entirely  a  magnesian  limestone,  with  in  some  places  a  con- 
siderable proportion  of  silicious  matter  in  the  form  of  chert  or  coarse  flint.  A 
large  part  of  it  is  evenly  bedded,  and  probably  affords  the  best  and  greatest 
amount  of  quarry  rock  in  the  State.  The  quarries  at  Anamosa,  LeClaire  and 
Farley  are  all  opened  in  this  formation. 

DEVONIAN   SYSTEM. 
HAMILTON   GROUP. 

Hamilton  Limestone.— The  area  of  surface  occupied  by  the  Hamilton  lime- 
stone and  shales  is  fully  as  great  as  those  by  all  the  formations  of  both  Upper 
and  Lower  Silurian  age  in  the  State.  It  is  nearly  two  hundred  miles  long  and 
from  forty  to  fifty  miles  broad.  The  general  trend  is  northwestward  and  south- 
eastward. 

Although  a  large  part  of  the  material  of  this  formation  is  practically  qmte 
worthless,  yet  other  portions  are  valuable  for  economic  purposes ;  and  havmg  a 


124  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

large  geographical  extent  in  the  State,  is  one  of  the  most  important  formations, 
in  a  practical  point  of  view.  At  Waverly,  Bremer  County,  its  value  for  the 
production  of  hydraulic  lime  has  been  practically  demonstrated.  The  heavier 
and  more  uniform  magnesian  beds  furnish  material  for  bridge  piers  and  other 
material  requiring  strength  and  durability. 

All  the  Devonian  strata  of  Iowa  evidently  belong  to  a  single  epoch,  and  re- 
ferable to  the  Hamilton,  as  recognized  by  New  York  geologists. 

The  most  conspicuous  and  characteristic  fossils  of  this  formation  are  bra- 
chiopod,  moUusks  and  corals.  The  coral  Acervularia  Davidsoni  occurs  near 
Iowa  City,  and  is  known  as  "  Iowa  City  Marble,"  and  "  bird's-eye  marble." 

CARBONIFEEOUS   SYSTEM. 

Of  the  three  groups  of  formations  that  constitute  the  carboniferous  system; 
viz.,  the  subcarboniferous,  coal  measures  and  permian,  only  the  first  two  are 
found  in  Iowa. 

SUBCARBONIFEROUS    GROUP. 

The  area  of  the  surface  occupied  by  this  group  is  very  large.  Its  eastern 
border  passes  from  the  northeastern  part  of  Winnebago  County,  with  consider- 
able directness  in  a  southeasterly  direction  to  the  northern  part  of  Washington 
County.  Here  it  makes  a  broad  and  direct  bend  nearly  eastward,  striking 
the  Mississippi  River^  at  Muscatine.  The  southern  and  western  boundary  is  to 
a  considerable  extent  the  same  as  that  which  separates  it  from  the  coal  field. 
From  the  southern  part  of  Pocahontas  County  it  passes  southeast  to  Fort  Dodge, 
thence  to  Webster  City,  thence  to  a  point  three  or  four  miles  northeast  of  EI- 
dora,  in  Hardin  County,  thence  southward  to  the  middle  of  the  north  line  of 
Jasper  County,  thence  southeastward  to  Sigourney,  in  Keokuk  County,  thence 
to  the  northeastern  corner  of  Jefierson  County,  thence  sweeping  a  few  miles 
eastward  to  the  southeast  corner  of  Van  Buren  County.  Its  area  is  nearly  two 
hundred  and  fifty  miles  long,  and  from  twenty  to  fifty  miles  wide. 

The  Kinderhooh  Beds. — The  most  southerly  exposure  of  these  beds  is  near 
the  mouth  of  Skunk  River,  in  Des  Moines  County.  The  most  northerly  now 
known  is  in  the  eastern  part  of  Pocahontas  County,  more  than  two  hundred 
miles  distant.  The  principal  exposures  of  this  formation  are  along  the  bluffs 
which  border  the  Mississippi  and  Skunk  Rivers,  where  they  form  the  eastern 
and  northern  boundary  of  Des  Moines  County,  along  English  River,  in  Wash- 
ington County ;  along  the  Iowa  River,  in  Tama,  Marshall,  Hamlin  and  Frank- 
lin Counties  ;  and  along  the  Des  Moines  River,  in  Humboldt  County. 

The  economic  value  of  this  formation  is  very  considerable,  particularly  in 
the  northern  portion  of  the  region  it  occupies.  In  Pocahontas  and  Humboldt 
Counties  it  is  almost  invaluable,  as  no  other  stone  except  a  few  boulders  are 
found  here.  At  Iowa  Falls  the  lower  division  is  very  good  for  building  pur- 
poses. In  Marshall  County  all  the  limestone  to  be  obtained  comes  from  this 
formation,  and  the  quarries  near  LeGrand  are  very  valuable.     At  this  point 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  125 

some  of  the  layers  are  finely  veined  with  peroxide  of  iron,  and  are  wrought  into 
ornamental  and  useful  objects. 

In  Tama  County,  the  oolitic  member  is  well  exposed,  where  it  is  manufac- 
tured into  lime.  It  is  not  valuable  for  building,  as  upon  exposure  to  atmosphere 
and  frost,  it  crumbles  to  pieces. 

The  remains  of  fishes  are  the  only  fossils  yet  discovered  in  this  formation 
that  can  be  referred  to  the  sub-kingdom  vertebrata  ;  and  so  far  as  yet  recog- 
nized, they  all  belong  to  the  order  selachians. 

Of  ARTICULATES,  only  two  species  have  been  recognized,  both  of  which 
belong  to  the  genus  pMllipsia. 

The  sub-kingdom  mollusca  is  largely  represented. 

The  RADiATA  are  represented  by  a  few  crinoids,  usually  found  in  a  very  im- 
perfect condition.     The  sub-kingdom  is  also  represented  by  corals. 

The  prominent  feature  in  the  life  of  this  epoch  was  molluscan ;  so  much  so 
in  fact  as  to  overshadow  all  other  branches  of  the  animal  kingdom.  The  pre- 
vailing classes  are :  lamellihranchiates,  in  the  more  arenaceous  portions  ;  and 
brachiopods,  in  the  more  calcareous  portions. 

No  remains  of  vegetation  have  been  detected  in  any  of  the  strata  of  this 
fDrmation. 

The  Burlington  Limestone. — This  formation  consists  of  two  distinct  calca- 
reous divisions,  which  are  separated  by  a  series  of  silicious  beds.  Both  divi- 
sions are  eminently  crinoidal. 

The  southerly  dip  of  the  Iowa  rocks  carries  the  Burlington  limestone  down, 
so  that  it  is  seen  for  the  last  time  in  this  State  in  the  valley  of  Skunk  River, 
near  the  southern  boundary  of  Des  Moines  County.  The  most  northerly  point 
at  which  it  has  been  recognized  is  in  the  northern  part  of  Washington  County. 
It  probably  exists  as  far  north  as  Marshall  County. 

This  formation  affords  much  valuable  material  for  economic  purposes.  The 
upper  division  furnishes  excellent  common  quarry  rock. 

The  great  abundance  and  variety  of  its  fossils— crmoz*— now  known  to  be 
more  than  three  hundred,  have  justly  attracted  the  attention  of  geologists  in  all 
parts  of  the  world. 

The  only  remains  of  vertebrates  discovered  in  this  formation  are  those  of 
fishes,  and  consist  of  teeth  and  spines ;  bone  of  bony  fishes,  like  those  most 
common  at  the  present  day,  are  found  in  these  rocks.  On  Buffington  Creek,  in 
Louisa  County,  is  a  stratum  in  an  exposure  so  fully  charged  with  these  remains 
that  it  might  with  propriety  be  called  bone  breccia. 

Remains  of  articulates  are  rare  in  this  formation.  So  far  as  yet  discovered, 
they  are  confined  to  two  species  of  tribolites  of  the  genus  pMllipsia. 

Fossil  shells  are  very  common. 

The  two  lowest  classes  of  the  sub-kingdom  radiata  are  represented  m  the 
genera  zaphrentis,  amplexus  and  syringapora,  while  the  highest  class— echmo- 
derms — are  found  in  most  extraordinary  profusion. 


126  HISTORY  OP  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

The  Keokuk  Limestone. — It  is  only  in  the  four  counties  of  Lee,  Van 
Buren,  Henry  and  Des  Moines  that  this  formation  is  to  be  seen. 

In  some  localities  the  upper  silicious  portion  of  this  formation  is  known  as 
the  Geode  bed.  It  is  not  recognizable  in  the  northern  portion  of  the  formation, 
nor  in  connection  with  it  where  it  is  exposed,  about  eighty  miles  below  Keokuk. 

The  geodes  of  the  Geode  bed  are  more  or  less  spherical  masses  of  silex, 
usually  hollow  and  lined  with  crystals  of  quartz.  The  outer  crust  is  rough  and 
unsightly,  but  the  crystals  -which  stud  the  interior  are  often  very  beautiful. 
They  vary  in  size  from  the  size  of  a  walnut  to  a  foot  in  diameter. 

The  economic  value  of  this  formation  is  very  great.  Large  quantities  of  its 
stone  have  been  used  in  the  finest  structures  in  the  State,  among  which  are  the 
post  offices  at  Dubuque  and  Des  Moines.  The  principal  quarries  are  along  the 
banks  of  the  Mississippi,  from  Keokuk  to  Nauvoo. 

The  only  vertebrate  fossils  found  in  the  formation  are  fishes,  all  belonging 
to  the  order  selachians,  some  of  which  indicate  that  their  owners  reached  a 
length  of  twenty-five  or  thirty  feet. 

Of  the  articulates,  only  two  species  of  the  genus  phillipsia  have  been  found 
in  this  formation. 

Of  the  mollusks,  no  cephalopods  have  yet  been  recognized  in  this  formation  in 
this  State ;  gasteropods  are  rare ;  brachiopods  and  polyzoans  are  quite  abundant. 

Of  radiates,  corals  of  genera  zaphrentes,  amplexus  and  aulopera  are  found, 
but  crinoids  are  most  abundant. 

Of  the  low  forms  of  animal  life,  the  protozoans,  a  small  fossil  related  to  the 
sponges,  is  found  in  this  formation  in  small  numbers. 

The  St.  Louis  Limestone. — This  is  the  uppermost  of  the  subcarboniferous 
group  in  Iowa.  The  superficial  area  it  occupies  is  comparatively  small,  because 
it  consists  of  long,  narrow  strips,  yet  its  extent  is  very  great.  It  is  first  seen 
resting  on  the  geode  division  of  the  Keokuk  limestone,  near  Keokuk.  Pro- 
ceeding northward,  it  forms  a  narrow  border  along  the  edge  of  the  coal  fields 
in  Lee,  Des  Moines,  Henry,  Jeiferson,  Washington,  Keokuk  and  Mahaska 
Counties.  It  is  then  lost  sight  of  until  it  appears  again  in  the  banks  of  Boone 
River,  where  it  again  passes  out  of  view  under  the  coal  measures  until  it  is 
next  seen  in  the  banks  of  the  Des  Moines,  near  Fort  Dodge.  As  it  exists  in 
Iowa,  it  consists  of  three  tolerably  distinct  subdivisions — the  magnesian,  arena- 
ceous and  calcareous. 

The  upper  division  furnishes  excellent  material  for  quicklime,  and  when 
quarries  are  well  opened,  as  in  the  northwestern  part  of  Van  Buren  County, 
large  blocks  are  obtained.  The  sandstone,  or  middle  division,  is  of  little 
economic  value.  The  lower  or  magnesian  division  furnishes  a  valuable 
and  durable  stone,  exposures  of  which  are  found  on  Lick  Creek,  in  Van  Buren 
County,  and  on  Long  Creek,  seven  miles  west  of  Burlington. 

Of  the  fossils  of  this  formation,  the  vertebrates  are  represented  only  by  the 
remains  of  fish,  belonging  to  the  two  orders,  selachians   a;ul  ganoids.     The 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  127 

articulates  are  represented  by  one  species  of  the  trilobite,  genus  phillipsia,  and 
two  ostracoid,  genera,  oythre  and  heyricia.  The  moUusks  distinguish  this 
formation  more  than  any  other  branch  of  the  animal  kingdom.  Radiates  are 
exceedingly  rare,  showing  a  marked  contrast  between  this  formation  and  the 
two  preceding  it. 

The  rocks  of  the  subcarboniferous  period  have  in  other  countries,  and  in 
other  parts  of  our  own  country,  furnished  valuable  minerals,  and  even  coal,  but 
in  Iowa  the  economic  value  is  confined  to  its  stone  alone. 

The  Lower  Silurian,  Upper  Silurian  and  Devonian  rocks  of  Iowa  are  largely 
composed  of  limestone.  Magnesia  also  enters  largely  into  the  subcarbon- 
iferous group.  With  the  completion  of  the  St.  Louis  limestone,  the 
production  of  the  magnesian  limestone  seems  to  have  ceased  among  the  rocks  of 
Iowa.  , 

Although  the  Devonian  age  has  been  called  the  age  of  fishes,  yet  so  far  as 
Iowa  is  concerned,  the  rocks  of  no  period  can  compare  with  the  subcarbon- 
iferous in  the  abundance  and  variety  of  the  fish  remains,  and,  for  this  reason, 
the  Burlington  and  Keokuk  limestones  will  in  the  future  become  more 
famous  among  geologists,  perhaps,  than  any  other  formations  in  North 
America. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  Chester  limestone  is  omitted  from  the  subcarbon- 
iferous group,  and  which  completes  the  full  geological  series.  It  is  probable 
the  whole  surface  of  Iowa  was  above  the  sea  during  the  time  of  the 
formation  of  the  Chester  limestone  to  the  southward  about  one  hundred 
miles. 

At  the  close  of  the  epoch  of  the  Chester  limestone,  the  shallow  seas  in 
which  the  lower  coal  measures  were  formed  again  occupied  the  land,  extending 
almost  as  far  north  as  that  sea  had  done  in  which  the  Kinderhook  beds  were 
iformed,  and  to  the  northeastward  its  deposits  extended  beyond  the  subcarbon- 
iferous groups,  outlines  of  which  are  found  upon  the  next,  or  Devonian  rock. 

THE   COAL-MEASUKB   GROUP. 

The  coal-measure  group  of  Iowa  is  properly  divided  into  three  formations, 
viz.,  the  lower,  middle  and  upper  coal  measures,  each  having  a  vertical  thick- 
ness of  about  two  hundred  feet. 

A  line  drawn  upon  the  map  of  Iowa  as  follows,  will  represent  the  eastern 
and  northern  boundaries  of  the  coal  fields  of  the  State  :  Commencing  at  the 
southeast  corner  of  Van  Buren  County,  carry  the  line  to  the  northeast  corner 
of  Jefi"erson  County  by  a  slight  easterly  curve  through  the  western  portions  of 
Lee  and  Henry  Counties.  Produce  this  line  until  it  reaches  a  point  six  or 
eight  miles  northward  from  the  one  last  named,  and  then  carry  it  northwest- 
ward, keeping  it  at  about  the  same  distance  to  the  northward  of  Skunk  River 
and  its  north  branch  that  it  had  at  first,  until  it  reaches  the  southern  boundary 
of  Marshall   County,  a  little  west  of  its  center.     Then  carry  it  to  a  point 


128  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OP  IOWA. 

three  or  four  miles  northeast  from  Eldora,  in  Hardin  County ;  thence  west- 
ward to  a  point  a  little  north  of  "Webster  City,  in  Hamilton  County;  and 
thence  further  westward  to  a  point  a  little  north  of  Fort  Dodge,  in  Webster 
County. 

Lower  Coal  Measures. — In  consequence  of  the  recedence  to  the  southward 
of  the  borders  of  the  middle  and  upper  coal  measures,  the  lower  coal  measures 
alone  exist  to  the  eastward  and  northward  of  Des  Moines  River.  They  also 
occupy  a  large  area  westward  and  southward  of  that  river,  but  their  southerly 
dip  passes  them  below  the  middle  coal  measures  at  no  great  distance  from  the 
river. 

No  other  formation  in  the  whole  State  possesses  the  economic  value  of  the 
lower  coal  measures.  The  clay  that  underlies  almost  every  bed  of  coal  furnishes 
a  large  amount  of  material  for  potters'  use.  The  sandstone  of  these  measures 
is  usually  soft  and  unfit,  but  in  some  places,  as  near  Red  Rock,  in  Marion 
County,  blocks  of  large  dimensions  are  obtained  which  make  good  building 
material,  samples  of  which  can  be  seen  in  the  State  Arsenal,  at  Des  Moines. 
On  the  whole,  that  portion  of  the  State  occupied  by  the  lower  coal  measures, 
is  not  well  supplied  with  stone. 

But  few  fossils  have  been  found  in  any  of  the  strata  of  the  lower  coal  meas- 
ures, but  such  animal  remains  as  have  been  found  are  without  exception  of 
marine  origin. 

Of  fossil  plants  found  in  these  measures,  all  probably  belong  to  the  class 
acrogens.  Specimens  of  calamites,  and  several  species  of  ferns,  are  found  in 
all  of  the  coal  measures,  but  the  genus  lepidodendron  seems  not  to  have  existed 
later  than  the  epoch  of  the  middle  coal  measures. 

Middle  Coal  Measures. — This  formation  within  the  State  of  Iowa  occupies 
a  narrow  belt  of  territory  in  the  southern  central  portion  of  the  State,  embrac- 
ing a  superficial  area  of  about  fourteen  hundred  square  miles.  The  counties 
more  or  less  underlaid  by  this  formation  are  Guthrie,  Dallas,  Polk,  Madison, 
Warren,  Clarke,  Lucas,  Monroe,  Wayne  and  Appanoose. 

This  formation  is  composed  of  alternating  beds  of  clay,  sandstone  and  lime- 
stone, the  clays  or  shales  constituting  the  bulk  of  the  formation,  the  limestone 
occurring  in  their  bands,  the  lithological  peculiarities  of  which  offer  many  con- 
trasts to  the  limestones  of  the  upper  and  lower  coal  measures.  The  formation 
is  also  characterized  by  regular  wave-like  undulations,  with  a  parallelism  which 
indicates  a  widespread  disturbance,  though  no  dislocation  of  the  strata  have 
been  discovered.  ^ 

Generally  speaking,  few  species  of  fossils  occur  in  these  beds.  Some  of  the 
shales  and  sandstone  have  afforded  a  few  imperfectly  preserved  land  plants — 
three  or  four  species  of  ferns,  belonging  to  the  genera.  Some  of  the  carbonif- 
erous shales  afford  beautiful  specimens  of  what  appear  to  have  been  sea-weeds. 
Radiates  are  represented  by  corals.  The  mollusks  are  most  numerously  repre- 
sented.    Trilohites  and  ostracoids  are  the  only  remains  known  of  articulates. 


HISTORY  OP  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  129 

Vertebrates   are  only  known  by  the  remama  of  salaeMans,  or  sharks,  and 


Upper  Coal  Measures. — The  area  occupied  by  this  formation  in  Iowa  is 
very  great,  comprising  thirteen  whole  counties,  in  the  southwestern  part  of  the 
State.  It  adjoins  by  its  northern  and  eastern  boundaries  the  area  occupied  by 
the  middle  coal  measures. 

The  prominent  lithological  features  of  this  formation  are  its  limestones,  yet 
it  contains  a  considerable  proportion  of  shales  and  sandstones.  Although  it  is 
known  by  the  name  of  upper  coal  measures,  it  contains  but  a  single  bed  of  coal, 
and  that  only  about  twenty  inches  in  maximum  thickness. 

The  limestone  exposed  in  this  formation  furnishes  good  material  for  building 
as  in  Madison  and  Fremont  Counties.  The  sandstones  are  quite  worthless.  No 
beds  of  clay  for  potter's  use  are  found  in  the  whole  formation. 

The  fossils  in  this  formation  are  much  more  numerous  than  in  either  the 
middle  or  lower  coal  measures.  The  vertebrates  are  represented  by  the  fishes 
of  the  orders  selachians  and  ganoids.  The  articulates  are  represented  by  the 
trilobites  and  ostracoids.  Mollusks  are  represented  by  the  classes  eephalapoda, 
gasteropoda,  lamelli,  hrancJiiata,  hrachiapoda  and  polyzoa.  Radiates  are  more 
numerous  than  in  the  lower  and  middle  coal  measures.  Protogoans  are  repre- 
sented in  the  greatest  abundance,  some  layers  of  limestone  being  almost  entirely 
composed  of  their  small  fusiform  shells. 

CRETACEOUS   SYSTEM. 

There  being  no  rocks,  in  Iowa,  of  permian,  triassic  or  Jurassic  age,  the 
next  strata  in  the  geological  series  are  of  the  cretaceous  age.  They  are  found 
in  the  western  half  of  the  State,  and  do  not  dip,  as  do  all  the  other  formations 
upon  which  they  rest,  to  the  southward  and  westward,  but  have  a  general  dip 
of  their  own  to  the  north  of  westward,  which,  however,  is  very  slight. 
Although  the  actual  exposures  of  cretaceous  rocks  .are  few  in  Iowa,  there  is 
reason  to  believe  that  nearly  all  the  western  half  of  the  State  was  originally 
occupied  by  them ;  but  being  very  friable,  they  have  been  removed  by  denuda- 
tion, which  has  taken  place  at  two  separate  periods.  The  first  period  was 
during  its  elevation  from  the  cretaceous  sea,  and  during  the  long  tertiary  age 
that  passed  between  the  time  of  that  elevation  and  the  commencement  of  the 
glacial  epoch.  The  second  period  was  during  the  glacial  epoch,  when  the  ice 
produced  their  entire  rapoval  over  considerable  areas. 

It  is  difficult  to  indicate  the  exact  boundaries  of  these  rocks ;  the  following 
will  approximate  the  outlines  of  the  area : 

From  the  northeast  corner  to  the  southwest  corner  of  Kossuth  County ; 
thence  to  the  southeast  corner  of  Guthrie  County;  thence  to  the  southeast 
corner  of  Cass  County;  thence  to  the  middle  of  .the  south  boundary  of  Mont- 
gomery County :  thence  to  the  middle  of  the  north  boundary  of  Pottawattamie 
County ;  thence  to  the  middle  of  the  south  boundary  of  Woodbury  County ; 


130  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

thence  to  Sergeant's  bluiFs;  up  the  Missouri  and  Big  Sioux  Rivers  to  the 
northwest  corner  of  the  State;  eastward  along  the  State  line  to  the  place  of 
beginning. 

All  the  cretaceous  rocks  in  Iowa  are  a  part  of  the  same  deposits  farther  up 
the  Missouri  River,  and  in  reality  form  their  eastern  boundary. 

Nishnahotany  Sandstone. — This  rock  has  the  most  easterly  and  southerly 
extent  of  the  cretaceous  deposits  of  Iowa,  reaching  the  southeastern  part  of 
Guthrie  County  and  the  southern  part  of  Montgomery  County.  To  the  north- 
ward, it  passes  beneath  the  Woodbury  sandstones  and  shales,  the  latter  passing 
beneath  the  inoceramus,  or  chalky,  beds.  This  sandstone  is,  with  few  excep- 
tions, almost  valueless  for  economic  purposes. 

The  only  fossils  found  in  this  formation  are  a  few  fragments  of  angiosper- 
mous  leaves. 

Woodbury  Sandstones  and  Shales. — These  strata  rest  upon  the  Nishna- 
hotany sandstone,  and  have  not  been  observed  outside  of  "Woodbury  County, 
hence  their  name.  Their  principal  exposure  is  at  Sergeant's  BluiFs,  seven 
miles  below  Sioux  City. 

This  rock  has  no  value  except  for  purposes  of  common  masonry. 
Fossil  remains  are  rare.     Detached  scales  of  a  lepidoginoid  species  have 
been  detected,  but  no  other  vertebrate  remains.     Of  remains  of  vegetation, 
leaves  of  salix  meekii  and  sassafras  cretaceum  have  been  occasionally  found. 

Inoceramus  Beds. — These  beds  rest  upon  the  Woodbury  sandstones  and 
shales.  They  have  not  been  observed  in  Iowa,  except  in  the  bluffs  which 
border  the  Big  Sioux  River  in  Woodbury  and  Plymouth  Counties.  They  are 
composed  almost  entirely  of  calcareous  material,  the  upper  portion  of  which  is 
extensively  used  for  lime.  No  building  material  is  to  be  obtained  from  these 
beds ;  and  the  only  value  they  possess,  except  lime,  are  the  marls,  which  at 
some  time  may  be  useful  on  the  soil  of  the  adjacent  region. 

The  only  vertebrate  remains  found  in  the  cretaceous  rocks  are  the  fishes. 
Those  in  the  inoceramus  beds  of  Iowa  are  two  species  of  squoloid  selachians, 
or  cestratront,  and  three  genera  of  teliosts.     MoUuscan  remains  are  rare. 

PEAT. 

Extensive  beds  of  peat  exist  in  Northern  Middle  Iowa,  which,  it  is  esti- 
mated, contain  the  following  areas : 

Counties.  Acres. 

Cerro  Gordo 1,500 

Worth 2,000 

Winnebago 2,000 

Hancock 1,500 

Wright 500 

Kossuth 700 

Dickinson 80 

Several  other  counties  contain  peat  beds,  but  the  character  of  the  peat  is 
inferior  to  that  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State.     The  character  of  the  peat 


/^ 


RICH  LAN  DTR 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  131 

named  is  equal  to  that  of  Ireland.  The  beds  are  of  an  average  depth  of  four 
feet.  It  is  estimated  that  each  acre  of  these  beds  will  furnish  two  hundred  and 
fifty  tons  of  dry  fuel  for  each  foot  in  depth.  At  present,  owing  to  the  sparse- 
ness  of  the  population,  this  peat  is  not  utilized  ;  but,  owing  to  its  great  distance 
from  the  coal  fields  and  the  absence  of  timber,  the  time  is  coming  when  their 
value  will  be  realized,  and  the  fact  demonstrated  that  Nature  has  abundantly 
compensated  the  deficiency  of  other  fuel. 

GYPSUM. 

The  only  deposits  of  the  sulphates  of  the  alkaline  earths  of  any  economic 
value  in  Iowa  are  those  of  gypsum  at  and  in  the  vicinity  of  Fort  Dodge,  in 
Webster  County.  All  others  are  small  and  unimportant.  The  deposit  occupies 
•a  nearly  central  position  in  Webster  County,  the  Des  Moines  River  running 
nearly  centrally  through  it,  along  the  valley  sides  of  which  the  gypsum  is  seen 
in  the  form  of  ordinary  rock  cliff  and  ledges,  and  also  occurring  abundantly  in 
similar  positions  along  both  sides  of  the  valleys  of  the  smaller  streams  and  of 
the  numerous  ravines  coming  into  the  river  valley. 

The  most  northerly  known  limit  of  the  deposit  is  at  a  point  near  the  mouth 
of  Lizard  Creek,  a  tributary  of  the  Des  Moines  River,  and  almost  adjoining 
the  town  of  Fort  Dodge.  The  .most  southerly  point  at  which  it  has  been 
found  exposed  is  about  six  miles,  by  way  of  the  river,  from  this  northerly  point 
before  mentioned.  Our  knowledge  of  the  width  of  the  area  occupied  by  it  is 
hmited  by  the  exposures  seen  in  the  valleys  of  the  small  streams  and  in  the 
ravines  which  come  into  the  valley  within  the  distance  mentioned.  As  one  goes 
up  these  ravines  and  minor  valleys,  the  gypsum  becomes  lost  beneath  the  over- 
lying drift.  There  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  different  parts  of  this  deposit,  now 
disconnected  by  the  valleys  and  ravines  having  been  cut  through  it,  were  orig- 
inally connected  as  a  continuous  deposit,  and  there  seems  to  be  as  little  reason 
to  doubt  that  the  gypsum  still  extends  to  considerable  distance  on  each  side  of 
the  valley  of  the  river  beneath  the  drift  which  covers  the  region  to  a  depth  of 
from  twenty  to  sixty  feet. 

The  country  round  about  this  region  has  the  prairie  surface  approximating 
a  general  level  which  is  so  characteristic  of  the  greater  part  of  the  State,  and 
which  exists  irrespective  of  the  character  or  geological  age  of  the  strata  beneath, 
mainly  because  the  drift  is  so  deep  and  uniformly  distributed  that  it  frequently 
almost  alone  gives  character  to  the  surface.  The  valley  sides  of  the  Des  Moines 
River,  in  the  vicinity  of  Fort  Dodge,  are  somewhat  abrupt,  having  a  depth  there 
%om  the  general  level  of  the  upland  of  about  one  hundred  and  seventy  feet, 
and  consequently  presents  somewhat  bold  and  interesting  features  in  the  land- 
scape. 

As  one  walks  up  and  down  the  creeks  and  ravines  which  come  into  the 
valley  of  the  Des  Moines  River  there,  he  sees  the  gypsum  exposed  on 
either   side   of  them,  jutting   out  fron}>   beneath    the    drift    in   the   form  of 


132  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

ledges  and  bold  quarry  fronts,  having  almost  the  exact  appearance  of 
ordinary  limestone  exposures,  so  horizontal  and  regular  are  its  lines  of 
stratification,  and  so  similar  in  color  is  it  to  some  varieties  of  that  rock.  The 
principal  quarries  now  opened  are  on  Two  Mile  Creek,  a  couple  of  miles  below 
Fort  Dodge. 

The  reader  will  please  bear  in  mind  that  the  gypsum  of  this  remarkable 
deposit  does  not  occur  in  "heaps"  or  "nests,"  as  it  does  in  most  deposits  of 
gypsum  in  the  States  farther  eastward,  but  that  it  exists  here  in  the  form  of  a 
regularly  stratified,  continuous  formation,  as  uniform  in  texture,  color  and 
quality  throughout  the  whole  region,  and  from  top  to  bottom  of  the  deposit 
as  the  granite  of  the  Quincy  quarries  is.  Its  color  is  a  uniform  gray,  result- 
ing from  alternating  fine  horizontal  lines  of  nearly  white,  with  similar  lines 
of  darker  shade.  The  gypsum  of  the  white  lines  is  almost  entirely  pure,  the 
darker  lines  containing  the  impurity.  This  is  at  intervals  barely  sufiicient  in 
amount  to  cause  the  separation  of  the  mass  upon  those  lines  into  beds  or  layers, 
thus  facilitating  the  quarrying  of  it  into  desired  shapes.  These  bedding  sur- 
faces have  occasionally  a  clayey  feeling  to  the  touch,  but  there  is  nowhere  any 
intercalation  of  clay  or  other  foreign  substance  in  a  separate  form.  The  deposit 
is  known  to  reach  a  thickness  of  thirty  feet  at  the  quarries  referred  to,  but 
although  it  will  probably  be  found  to  exceed  this  thickness  at  some  other  points, 
at  the  natural  exposures,  it  is  seldom  seen  to  be  more  than  from  ten  to  twenty 
feet  thick. 

Since  the  drift  is  usually  seen  to  rest  directly  upon  the  gypsum,  with  noth- 
ing intervening,  except  at  a  fi?w  points  where  traces  appear  of  an  overlying  bed 
of  clayey  material  without  doubt  of  the  same  age  as  the  gypsum,  the  latter 
probably  lost  something  of  its  thickness  by  mechanical  erosion  during  the 
glacial  epoch ;  and  it  has,  doubtless,  also  sufi"ered  some  diminution  of  thickness 
since  then  by  solution  in  the  waters  which  constantly  percolate  through  the 
drift  from  the  surface.  The  drift  of  this  region  being  somewhat  clayey,  partic- 
ulary  in  its  lower  part,  it  has  doubtless  served  in  some  degree  as  a  protection 
against  the  diminution  of  the  gypsum  by  solution  in  consequence  of  its  partial 
imperviousness  to  water.  If  the  gypsum  had  been  covered  by  a  deposit  of  sand 
instead  of  the  drift  clays,  it  would  have  no  doubt  long  since  disappeared  by 
being  dissolved  in  the  water  that  would  have  constantly  reached  it  from  the  sur- 
face. Water  merely  resting  upon  it  would  not  dissolve  it  away  to  any  extent, 
but  it  rapidly  disappears  under  the  action  of  running  water.  Where  little  rills 
of  water  at  the  time  of  every  rain  run  over  the  face  of  an  unused  quarry,  from 
the  surface  above  it,  deep  grooves  are  thereby  cut  into  it,  giving  it  somewhat  the 
appearance  of  melting  ice  around  a  waterfall.  The  fact  that  gypsum  is  now 
sufiering  a  constant,  but,  of  course,  very  slight,  diminution,  is  apparent  in  the 
fact  the  springs  of  the  region  contain  more  or  less  of  it  in  solution  in  their 
waters.  An  analysis  of  water  from  one  of  these  springs  will  be  found  in  Prof. 
Emery's  report. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  133 

Besides  the  clayey  beds  that  are  sometimes  seen  to  rest  upon  the  gypsum, 
there  are  occasionally  others  seen  beneath  them  that  are  also  of  the  same 
age,  and  not  of  the  age  of  the  coal-measure  strata  upon  which  they  rest. 

Age  of  the  Q-ypmm  Deposit. — In  neither  the  gypsum  nor  the  associated 
clays  has  any  trace  of  any  fossil  remains  been  found,  nor  has  any  other  indica- 
tion of  its  geological  age  been  observed,  except  that  which  is  afforded  by  its 
Btratigraphical  relations ;  and  the  most  that  can  be  said  with  certainty  is  that  it 
is  newer  than  the  coal  measures,  and  older  than  the  drift.  The  indications 
afforded  by  the  stratigraphical  relations  of  the  gypsum  deposit  of  Fort  Dodge 
are,  however,  of  considerable  value. 

As  already  shown,  it  rests  in  that  region  directly  and  unconformably  upon 
the  lower  coal  measures ;  but  going  southward  from  there,  the  whole  series  of 
coal-measure  strata  from  the  top  of  the  subcarboniferous  group  to  the  upper 
coal  measures,  inclusive,  can  be  traced  without  break  or  unconformability. 
The  strata  of  the  latter  also  may  be  traced  in  the  same  manner  up  into  the 
Permian  rocks  of  Kansas;  and  through  this  long  series,  there  is  no  place  or 
horizon  which  suggests  that  the  gypsum  deposit  might  belong  there. 

Again,  no  Tertiary  deposits  are  known  to  exist  within  or  near  the  borders 
of  Iowa  to  suggest  that  the  gypsum  might  be  of  that  age ;  nor  are  any  of  the 
palaeozoic  strata  newer  than  the  subcarboniferous  unconformable  upon  each 
other  as  the  other  gypsum  is  unconformable  upon  the  strata  beneath  it.  It 
therefore  seems,  in  a  measure,  conclusive,  that  the  gypsum  is  of  Mesozoic  age, 
perhaps  older  than  the  Cretaceous. 

Lithological  Origin. — As  little  can  be  said  with  certainty  concerning  the 
lithological  origin  of  this  deposit  as  can  be  said  concerning  its  geological  age, 
for  it  seems  to  present  itself  in  this  relation,  as  in  the  former  one,  as  an  isolated 
fact.  None  of  the  associated  strata  show  any  traces  of  a  double  decomposition 
of  pre-existing  materials,  such  as  some  have  supposed  all  deposits  of  gypsum  to 
have  resulted  from.  No  considerable  quantities  of  oxide  of  iron  nor  any  trace 
of  native  sulphur  have  been  found  in  connection  with  it ;  nor  has  any  salt  been 
found  in  the  waters  of  the  region.  These  substances  are  common  in  association 
with  other  gypsum  deposits,  and  are  regarded  by  some  persons  as  indicative  of 
the  method  of  or  resulting  from  their  origin  as  such.  Throughout  the  whole 
region,  the  Fort  Dodge  gypsum  has  the  exact  appearance  of  a  sedimentary 
deposit.  It  is  arranged  in  layers  like  the  regular  layers  of  limestone,  and  the 
whole  mass,  from  top  to  bottom,  is  traced  with  fine  horizontal  laminae  of  alter- 
nating white  and  gray  gypsum,  parallel  with  the  bedding  surfaces  of  the  layers, 
b)it  the  whole  so  intimately  blended  as  to  form  a  solid  mass.  The  darker  lines 
contain  almost  all  the  impurity  there  is  in  the  gypsum,  and  that  impurity  is 
evidently  sedimentary  in  its  character.  From  these  facts,  and  also  from  the 
further  one  that  no  trace  of  fossil  remains  has  been  detected  in  the  gypsum,  it 
seems  not  unreasonable  to  entertain  the  opinion  that  the  gypsum  of  Fort  Dodge 
originated  as  a  chemical  precipitation  in  comparatively  still  waters  which  werp 


134  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

saturated  with  sulphate  of  lime  and  destitute  of  life ;  its  stratification  and 
impurities  being  deposited  at  the  same  time  as  clayey  impurities  which  had  been 
held  suspended  in  the  same  waters. 

Physical  Properties. — Much  has  already  been  said  of  the  physical  proper- 
ties or  character  of  this  gypsum,  but  as  it  is  so  different  in  some  respects  from 
that  of  other  deposits,  there  are  yet  other  matters  worthy  of  mention  in  connec- 
tion with  those.  According  to  the  results  of  a  complete  and  exhaustive  anal- 
ysis by  Prof  Emery,  the  ordinary  gray  gypsum  contains  only  about  eight  per 
cent,  of  impurity ;  and  it  is  possible  that  the  average  impurity  for  the  whole 
deposit  will  not  exceed  that  proportion,  so  uniform  in  quality  is  it  from  to  top 
to  bottom  and  from  one  end  of  the  region  to  the  other. 

When  it  is  remembered  that  plaster  for  agricultural  purposes  is  sometimes 
prepared  from  gypsum  that  contains  as  much  as  thirty  per  cent,  of  impurity,  it 
will  be  seen  that  ours  is  a  very  superior  article  for  such  purposes.  The  impu- 
rities are  also  of  such  a  character  that  they  do  not  in  any  way  interfere  with  its 
value  for  use  in  the  arts.  Although  the  gypsum  rock  has  a  gray  color,  it 
becomes  quite  white  by  grinding,  and  still  whiter  by  the  calcining  process  nec- 
essary in  the  preparation  of  plaster  of  Paris.  These  tests  have  all  been  practi- 
cally made  in  the  rooms  of  the  Geological  Survey,  and  the  quality  of  the  plaster 
of  Paris  still  further  tested  by  actual  use  and  experiment.  No  hesitation, 
therefore,  is  felt  in  stating  that  the  Fort  Dodge  gypsum  is  of  as  good  a  quality 
as  any  in  the  country,  even  for  the  finest  uses. 

In  view  of  the  bounteousness  of  the  primitive  fertility  of  our  Iowa  soils, 
many  persons  forget  that  a  time  may  come  when  Nature  will  refuse  to  respond 
so  generously  to  our  demand  as  she  does  now,  without  an  adequate  return. 
Such  are  apt  to  say  that  this  vast  deposit  of  gypsum  is  valueless  to  our  com- 
monwealth, except  to  the  small  extent  that  it  may  be  used  in  the  arts.  This 
is  undoubtedly  a  short-sighted  view  of  the  subject,  for  the  time  is  even  now 
rapidly  passing  away  when  a  man  may  purchase  a  new  farm  for  less  money 
than  he  can  re-fertilize  and  restore  the  partially  wasted  primitive  fertility  of  the 
one  he  now  occupies.  There  are  farms  even  now  in  a  large  part  of  the  older 
settled  portions  of  the  State  that  would  be  greatly  benefited  by  the  proper 
application  of  plaster,  and  such  areas  will  continue  to  increase  until  it  will  be 
difiicult  to  estimate  the  value  of  the  deposit  of  gypsum  at  Fort  Dodge.  ,  It 
should  be  remembered,  also,  that  the  inhabitants  of  an  extent  of  country 
adjoining  our  State  more  than  three  times  as  great  as  its  own  area  will  find  it 
more  convenient  to  obtain  their  supplies  from  Fort  Dodge  than  from  any  other 
source. 

For  want  of  direct  railroad  communication  between  this  region  and  other 
parts  of  the  State,  the  only  use  yet  made  of  the  gypsum  by  the  inhabitants  ifl 
for  the  purposes  of  ordinary  building  stone.  It  is  so  compact  that  it  is  found 
to  be  comparatively  unaffected  by  the  frost,  and  its  ordinary  situation  in  walls 
of  houses  is  such  that  it  is  protected  from  the  dissolving  action  of  water,  which 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  135 

can  at  most  reach  it  only  from  occasional  rains,  and  the  effect  of  these  is  too 
slight  to  be  perceived  after  the  lapse  of  several  years. 

One  of  the  citizens  of  Fort  Dodge,  Hon.  John  F.  Duncombe,  built  a  large, 
fine  residence  of  it.  in  1861,  the  walls  of  which  appear  as  unaffected  by 
exposure  and  as  beautiful  as  they  were  when  first  erected.  It  has  been  so  long 
and  successfully  used  for  building  stone  by  the  inhabitants  that  they  now  prefer 
it  to  the  limestone  of  good  quality,  which  also  exists  in  the  immediate  vicinity. 
This  preference  is  due  to  the  cheapness  of  the  gypsum,  as  compared  with  the 
stone.  The  cheapness  of  the  former  is  largely  due  to  the  facility  with  which  it 
is  quarried  and  wrought.  Several  other  houses  have  been  constructed  of  it  in 
Fort  Dodge,  including  the  depot  building  of  the  Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  Rail- 
road. The  company  have  also  constructed  a  large  culvert  of  the  same  material 
to  span  a  creek  near  the  town,  limestone  only  being  used  for  the  lower  courses, 
which  come  in  contact  with  the  water.  It  is  a  fine  arch,  each  stone  of  gypsum 
being  nicely  hewn,  and  it  will  doubtless  prove  a  very  durable  one.  Many  of 
the  sidewalks  in  the  town  are  made  of  the  slabs  or  flags  of  gypsum  which  occur 
in  some  of  the  quarries  in  the  form  of  thin  layers.  They  are  more  durable 
than  their  softness  would  lead  one  to  suppose.  They  also  possess  an  advantage 
over  stone  in  not  becoming  slippery  when  worn. 

The  method  adopted  in  quarrying  and  dressing  the  blocks  of  gypsum  is 
pecuhar,  and  quite  unlike  that  adopted  in  similar  treatment  of  ordinary  stone. 
Taking  a  stout  auger-bit  of  an  ordinary  brace,  such  as  is  used  by  carpenters, 
and  filing  the  cutting  parts  of  it  into  a  peculiar  form,  the  quarryman  bores  his 
holes  into  the  gypsum  quarry  for  blasting,  in  the  same  manner  and  with  as 
great  facility  as  a  carpenter  would  bore  hard  wood.  The  pieces  being  loosened 
by  blasting,  they  are  broken  up  with  sledges  into  convenient  sizes,  or  hewn 
into  the  desired  shapes  by  means  of  hatchets  or  ordinary  chopping  axes,  or  cut 
by  means  of  ordinary  wood-saws.  So  little  grit  does  the  gypsum  contain  that 
these  tools,  made  for  working  wood,  are  found  to  be  better  adapted  for  working 
the  former  substance  than  those  tools  are  which  are  universally  used  for  work- 
ing stone. 

MINOR   DEPOSITS   OF   SULPHATE   OF   LIME. 

Besides  the  great  gypsum  deposit  of  Fort  Dodge,  sulphate  of  lime  in  the 
various  forms  of  fibrous  gypsum,  selenite,  and  small,  amorphous  masses,  has 
also  been  discovered  in  various  formations  in  different  parts  of  the  State,  includ- 
ing the  coal-measure  shales  near  Fort  Dodge,  where  it  exists  in  small  quanti- 
ties, quite  independently  of  the  great  gypsum  deposit  there.  The  quantity  of 
gypsum  in  these  minor  deposits  is  always  too  small  to  be  of  any  practical  value, 
and  frequently  minute.  They  usually  occur  in  shales  and  shaly  clays,  asso- 
ciated with  strata  that  contain  more  or  less  sulphuret  of  iron  (iron  pyrites). 
Gypsum  has  thus  been  detected  in  the  coal  measures,  the  St.  Louis  limestone, 
the  cretaceous  strata,  and  also  in  the  lead  caves  of  Dubuque.  In  most  of  these 
cases  it  is  evidently  the  result  of  double  decomposition  of  iron  pyrites  and  car- 


136  '  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

bonate  of  lime,  previously  existing  there ;  in  which  cases  the  gypsum  is  of  course 
not  an  original  deposit  as  the  great  one  at  Fort  Dodge  is  supposed  to  be. 

The  existence  of  these  comparatively  minute  quantities  of  gypsum  in  the 
shales  of  the  coal  measures  and  the  subcarboniferous  limestone  which  are  exposed 
within  the  region  of  and  occupy  a  stratigraphical  position  beneath  the  great 
gypsum  deposits,  suggests  the  possibility  that  the  former  may  have  originated  as 
a  precipitate  from  percolating  waters,  holding  gypsum  in  solution  which  they 
had  derived  from  that  deposit  in  passing  over  or  through  it.  Since,  however, 
the  same  substance  is  found  in  similar  small  quantities  and  under  similar  con- 
ditions in  regions  where  they  could  have  had  no  possible  connection  with  that 
deposit,  it  is  believed  that  none  of  those  mentioned  have  necessarily  originated 
from  it,  not  even  those  that  are  found  in  close  proximity  to  it. 

The  gypsum  found  in  the  lead  caves  is  usually  in  the  form  of  efflorescent 
fibers,  and  is  always  in  small  quantity.  In  the  lower  coal-measure  shale  near 
Fort  Dodge,  a  small  mass  was  found  in  the  form  of  an  intercalated  layer,  which 
hid  a  distinct  fibrous  structure,  the  fibers  being  perpendicular  to  the  plane  of 
the  layer.  The  same  mass  had  also  distinct,  horizontal  planes  of  cleavage  at 
right  angles  with  the  perpendicular  fibers.  Thus,  being  more  or  less  transpa- 
rent, the  mass  combined  the  characters  of  both  fibrous  gypsum  and  selenite. 
No  anhydrous  sulplfate  of  lime  (anhydrite)  has  been  found  in  connection  with 
the  great  gypsum  deposit,  nor  elsewhere  in  Iowa,  so  far  as  yet  known. 

SULPHATE    OF   STKONTIA. 
(Celes'ine.) 

The  only  locality  at  which  this  interesting  mineral  has  yet  been  found  in 
Iowa,  or,  so  far  as  is  known-,  in  the  great  valley  of  the  Mississippi,  is  at  Fort 
Dodge.  It  occurs  there  in  very  small  quantity  in  both  the  shales  of  the  lower 
coal  measures  and  in  the  clays  that  overlie  the  gypsum  deposit,  and  which  are 
regarded  as  of  the  same  age  with  it.  The  first  is  just  below  the  city,  near  Eees' 
coal  bank,  and  occurs  as  a  layer  intercalated  among  the  coal  measure  shales, 
amounting  in  quantity  to  only  a  few  hundred  pounds'  weight.  The  mineral  is 
fibrous  and  crystalline,  the  fibers  being  perpendicular  to  the  plane  of  the  layer. 
Breaking  also  with  more  or  less  distinct  horizontal  planes  of  cleavage,  it  resem- 
bles, in  physical  character,  the  layer  of  fibro-crystalline  gypsum  before  men- 
tioned. Its  color  is  light  blue,  is  transparent  and  shows  cryjstaline  facets  upon 
both  the  upper  and  under  surfaces  of  the  layer ;  those  of  the  upper  surface 
being  smallest  and  most  numerous.  It  breaks  up  readily  into  small  masses 
along  the  lines  of  the  perpendicular  fibers  or  columns.  The  layer  is  probably 
not  more  than  a  rod  in  extent  in  any  direction  and  about  three  inches  in  maxi- 
mum thickness.  Apparent  lines  of  stratification  occur  in  it,  corresponding  with 
those  of  the  shales  which  imbed  it. 

The  other  deposit  was  still  smaller  in  amount,  and  occurred  as  a  mass  of 
crystals  imbedded  in  the  clays  that  overlie  the  gypsum  at  Cummins'  quarry  in 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  137 

the  valley  of  Soldier  Creek,  upon  the  north  side  of  the  town.  The  mineral  is 
in  this  case  nearly  colorless,  and  but  for  the  form  of  the  separate  crystals  would 
closely  resemble  masses  of  impure  salt.  The  crystals  are  so  closely  aggregated 
that  they  enclose  but  little  impurity  in  the  mass,  but  in  almost  all  cases  their 
fundamental  forms  are  obscured.  This  mineral  has  almost  no  real  practical 
value,  and  its  occurrence,  as  described,  is  interesting  only  as  a  mineralogical 
fact. 

SULPHATE   OF   BARYTA. 

[Barytea,  Seavy  Spar.) 

This  mineral  has  been  found  only  in  minute  quantities  in  Iowa.  It  has 
been  detected  in  the  coal-measure  shales  of  Decatur,  Madison  and  Marion 
Counties,  the  Devonian  limestone  of  Johnson  and  Bremer  Counties  ancTin  the 
lead  caves  of  Dubuque.  In  all  these  cases,  it  is  in  the  form  of  crystals  or  small 
crystalline  masses. 

SULPHATE    OF   MAGNESIA. 
[Epsomite.) 

Bpsomite,  or  native  epsom  salts,  having  been  discovered  near  Burlington, 
we  have  thus   recognized  in   Iowa  all  i  the  sulphates  of  the  alkaline  earths  of 
natural  origin ;  all  of  them,  except  the  sulphate  of  lime,  being  in  very  small 
quantity.     Even  if  the  sulphate  of  magnesia  were  produced  in  nature,  in  large 
quantities,  it  is  so  very  soluble  that  it  can  accumulate  only  in  such  positions  as 
afford  it  complete  shelter  from  the  rains  or  running  water.     The  epsomite 
mentioned  was  found  beneath  the  overhanging  cliff  of  Burlington  limestone, 
near  Starr's  mill,  which  are  represented  in  the  sketch  upon  another  page,  illus- 
trating the  subcarboniferous  rocks.     It  occurs  in  the  form  of  efflorescent  encrus- 
tations upon  the  surface  of  stones  and  in  similar  small  fragile  masses  among  the 
fine  debris  that  has  fallen  down  beneath  the  overhanging  cliff.     The  projection 
of  the  cliff  over  the  perpendicular  face  of  the  strata  beneath  amounts  to  near 
twenty  feet  at  the  point  where  epsomite  was  found.     Consequently  the  rains 
never  reach  far  beneath  it  from  any  quarter.     The  rock  upon  which  the  epsom- 
ite accumulates  is  an  impure  limestone,  containing  also  some  carbonate  of  mag- 
nesia, together  with  a  small  proportion  of  iron  pyrites  in  a  finely  divided  con- 
dition.    It  is  doubtless  by  double  decomposition  of  these  that  the  epsomite  re- 
sults.    By  experiments  with  this  native  salt  in  the  office  of  the  Survey,  a  fine 
article  of  epsom  salts  was  produced,  but  the  quantity  that  might  be  annually 
obtained  there  would  amount  to  only  a  few  pounds,  and  of  course  is  of  no  prac- 
tical value  whatever,  on  account  of  its  cheapness  in  the  market. 

CLIMATOLOGY. 

No  extended  record  of  the  climatology  of  Iowa  has  been  made,  yet  much  of 
great  value  may  be  learned  from  observations  made  at  a  single  point.  Prof.  T. 
S.  Parvin,  of  the  State  University,  has  recorded  observations  made  from  1839 
to  the  present  time.     Previous  to  1860,  these  observations  were  made  at  Mus- 


138  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

catine.  Since  that  date,  they  were  made  in  Iowa  City.  The  result  is  that  the 
atmospheric  conditions  of  the  climate  of  Iowa  are  in  the  highest  degree  favor- 
able to  health. 

The  highest  temperature  here  occurs  in  August,  while  July  is  the  hottest 
month  in  the  year  by  two  degrees,  and  January  the  coldest  by  three  degrees. 

The  mean  temperature  of  April  and  October  most  nearly  corresponds  to  the 
mean  temperature  of  the  year,  as  well  as  their  seasons  of  Spring  and  Fall, 
while  that  of  Summer  and  Winter  is  best  represented  in  that  of  August  and 
December. 

The  period  of  greatest  heat  ranges  from  June  22d  to  August  31st ;  the  next 
mean  time  being  July  27th.  The  lowest  temperature  extends  from  December 
16th  to  February  15th,  the  average  being  January  20th — the  range  in  each 
case  being  two  full  months. 

The  climate  of  Iowa  embraces  the  range  of  that  of  New  York,  Pennsyl- 
vania, Ohio,  Indiana  and  Illinois.  The  seasons  are  not  characterized  by  the 
frequent  and  sudden  changes  so  common  in  the  latitudes  further  south.  The 
temperature  of  the  Winters  is  somewhat  lower  than  States  eastward,  but  of  other 
seasons  it  is  higher.  The  atmosphere  is  dry  and  invigorating.  The  surface  of 
the  State  being  free  at  all  seasons  of  the  year  from  stagnant  water,  with  good 
breezes  at  nearly  all  seasons,  the  miasmatic  and  pulmonary  diseases  are 
unknown.  Mortuary  statistics  show  this  to  be  one  of  the  most  healthful  States 
in  the  Union,  being  one  death  to  every  ninety-four  persons.  The  Spring, 
Summer  and  Fall  months  are  delightful ;  indeed,  the  glory  of  Iowa  is  her 
Autumn,  and  nothing  can  transcend  the  splendor  of  her  Indian  Summer,  which 
lasts  for  weeks,  and  finally  blends,  almost  imperceptibly,  into  Winter. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 


DISCOVERY  AND   OCCUPATION. 

Iowa,  in  the  symbolical  and  expressive  language  of  the  aboriginal  inhab- 
itants, is  said  to  signify  "  The  Beautiful  Land,"  and  was  applied  to  this 
magnificent  and  fruitful  region  by  its  ancient  owners,  to  express  their  apprecia- 
tion of  its  superiority  of  climate,  soil  and  location.  Prior  to  1803,  the  Mississippi 
River  was  the  extreme  western  boundary  of  the  United  States.  All  the  great 
empire  lying  west  of  the  "  Father  of  Waters,"  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  on  the 
south  to  British  America  on  the  north,  and  westward  to  the  Pacific  Ocean,  was 
a  Spanish  province.  A  brief  historical  sketch  of  the  discovery  and  occupation 
of  this  grand  empire  by  the  Spanish  and  French  governments  will  be  a  fitting 
introduction  to  the  history  of  the  young  and  thriving  State  of  Iowa,  which, 
until  the  commencement  of  the  present  century,  was  a  part  of  the  Spanish 
possessions  in  America. 

Early  in  the  Spring  of- 1542,  fifty  years  after  Columbus  discovered  the  New 
World,  and  one  hundred  and  thirty  years  before  the  French  missionaries  discov- 
ered its  upper  waters,  Ferdinand  De  Soto  discovered  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi 
River  at  the  mouth  of  the  Washita.  After  the  sudden  death  of  De  Soto,  in 
May  of  the  same  year,  his  followers  built  a  small  vessel,  and  in  July,  1543, 
descended  the  great  river  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

In  accordance  with  the  usage  of  nations,  under  which  title  to  the  soil  was 
claimed  by  right  of  discovery,  Spain,  having  conquered  Florida  and  discovered 
the  Mississippi,  claimed  all  the  territory  bordering  on  that  river  .and  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico.  But  it  was  also  held  by  the  European  nations  that,  while  discovery 
gave  title,  that  title  must  be  perfected  by  actual  possession  and  occupation. 
Although  Spain  claimed  the  territory  by  right  of  first  discovery,  she  made  no 
effort  to  occupy  it;  by  no  permanent  settlement  had  she  perfected  and  held  her 
title,  and  therefore  had  forfeited  it  when,  at  a  later  period,  the  Lower  Mississippi 
Valley  was  re-discovered  and  occupied  by  France. 

The  unparalleled  labors  of  the  zealous  Fitnch  Jesuits  of  Canada  in  penetrating 
the  unknown  region  of  the  West,  commencing  in  1611,  form  a  history  of  no  ordi- 
nary interest,  but  have  no  particular  connection  with  the  scope  of  the  present 
work,  until  in  the  Fall  of  1665.  Pierre  Claude  Allouez,  who  had  entered  Lake 
Superior  in  September,  and  sailed  along  the  southern  coast  in  search  of  copper, 
had  arrived  at  the  great  village  of  the  Chippewas  at  Chegoincegon.  Here  a 
grand  council  of  some  ten  or  twelve  of  the  principal  Indian  nations  was  held. 
The  Pottawatomies  of  Lake  Michigan,  the  Sacs  and  Foxes  of  the  West,  the 
Hurons  from  the  North,  the  Illinois  from  the  South,  and  the  Sioux  from  the 
land  of  the  prairie  and  wild  rice,  were  all  assembled  there.     The  Illinois  told 


140  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

the  story  of  their  ancient  glory  and  about  the  noble  river  on  the  banks  of  which 
they  dwelt.  The  Sioux  also  told  their  white  brother  of  the  same  great  river, 
and  Allouez  promised  to  the  assembled  tribes  the  protection  of  the  French 
nation  against  all  their  enemies,  native  or  foreign. 

The  purpose  of  discovering  the  great  river  about  which  the  Indian  na- 
tions had  given  such  glowing  accounts  appears  to  have  originated  with  Mar- 
quette, in  1669.  In  the  year  previous,  he  and  Claude  Dablon  had  established 
the  Mission  of  St.  Mary's,  the  oldest  white  settlement  within  the  present  limits 
of  the  State  of  Michigan.  Marquette  was  delayed  in  the  execution  of  his  great 
undertaking,  and  spent  the  interval  in  studying  the  language  and  habits  of  the 
Illinois  Indians,  among  whom  he  expected  to  travel. 

About  this  time,  the  French  Government  had  determined  to  extend  the  do- 
minion of  France  to  the  extreme  western  borders  of  Canada.  Nicholas  Perrot 
was  sent  as  the  agent  of  the  government,  to  propose  a  grand  council  of  the 
Indian  nations,  at  St.  Mary's. 

When  Perrot  reached  Green  Bay,  he  extended  the  invitation  far  and  near ; 
and,  escorted  by  Pottawatomies,  repaired  on  a  mission  of  peace  and  friend- 
ship to  the  Miamis,  who  occupied  the  region  about  the  present  location  of 
Chicago. 

In  May,  1671,  a  great  council  of  Indians  gathered  at  the  Falls  of  St. 
Mary,  from  all  parts  of  the  Northwest,  from  the  head  waters  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence, from  the  valley  of  the  Mississippi  and  from  the  Red  River  of  the  North. 
Perrot  met  with  them,  and  after  grave  consultation,  formally  announced  to  the 
assembled  nations  that  their  good  French  Father  felt  an  abiding  interest  in  their 
welfare,  and  had  placed  them  all  under  the  powerful  protection  of  the  French 
Government. 

Marquette,  during  that  same  year,  had  gathered  at  Point  St.  Ignace  the 
remn  ants  of  one  branch  of  the  Hurons.  This  station,  for  a  long  series  of 
years,  was  considered  the  key  to  the  unknown  West. 

The  time  was  now  auspicious  for  the  consummation  of  Marquette's  grand 
project.  The  successful  termination  of  Perrot's  mission,  and  the  general  friend- 
liness of  the  native  tribes,  rendered  the  contemplated  expedition  much  less  per- 
ilous. But  it  was  not  until  1673  that  the  intrepid  and  enthusiastic  priest  was 
finally  ready  to  depart  on  his  daring  and  perilous  journey  to  lands  never  trod  by 
white  men. 

The  Indians,  who  had  gathered  in  large  numbers  to  witness  his  departure, 
were  astounded  at  the  boldness  of  the  proposed  undertaking,  and  tried  to  dis- 
courage him,  representing  that  the  Indians  of  the  Mississippi  Valley  were  cruel 
and  bloodthirsty,  and  would  resent  the  intrusion  of  strangers  upon  their  domain. 
The  great  river  itself,  they  said,  was  the  abode  of  terrible  monsters,  who  could 
swallow  both  canoes  and  men. 

But  Marquette  was  not  to  be  diverted  from  his  purpose  by  these  fearful  re- 
ports. He  assured  his  dusky  friends  that  he  was  ready  to  make  any  sacrifice, 
even  to  lay  down  his  life  for  the  sacred  cause  in  which  he  was  engaged.  He 
prayed  with  them  ;  and  having  implored  the  blessing  of  God  upon  his  undertak- 
ing, on  the  13th  day  of  May,  1673,  with  Joliet  and  five  Canadian-French  voy- 
ageurs,  or  boatmen,  he  left  the  mission  on  his  daring  journey.  Ascending 
Green  Bay  and  Fox  River,  these  bold  and  enthusiastic  pioneers  of  religion  and 
discovery  proceeded  until  they  reached  a  Miami  and  Kickapoo  village,  where 
Marquette  was  delighted  to  find  "  a  beautiful  cross  planted  in  the  middle  of  the 
town,  ornamented  with  white  skins,  red  girdles  and  bows  and  arrows,  which 
these  good  people  had  offered  to  the  Great  Manitou,  or  God,  to  thank  Him  for 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  141 

tte  pity  He  had  besto-wed  on  them  during  the  Winter,  in  having  given  them 
abundant  chase." 

This  was  the  extreme  point  beyond  which  the  explorations  of  the  French 
missionaries  had  not  then  extended.  Here  Marquette  was  instructed  by  his 
Indian  hosts  in  the  secret  of  a  root  that  cures  the  bite  of  the  venomous  rattle- 
snake, drank  mineral  water  with  them  and  was  entertained  with  generous  hos- 
pitality. He  called  together  the  principal  men  of  the  village,  and  informed 
them  that  his  companion,  Joliet,  had  been  sent  by  the  French  Governor  of  Can- 
ada to  discover  new  countries,  to  be  added  to  the  dominion  of  France ;  but  that 
he,  himself,  had  been  sent  by  the  Most  High  God,  to  carry  the  glorious  religion 
of  the  Cross ;  and  assured  his  wondering  hearers  that  on  this  mission  he  had 
no  fear  of  death,  to  which  he  knew  he  would  be  exposed  on  his  perilous  journeys. 
Obtaining  the  services  of  two  Miami  guides,  to  conduct  his  little  band  to  the 
Wisconsin  River,  he  left  the  hospitable  Indians  on  the  10th  of  June.  Conduct- 
ing them'  across  the  portage,  their  Indian  guides  returned  to  their  village,  and 
the  little  party  descended  the  Wisconsin,  to  the  great  river  which  had  so  long 
been  so  anxiously  looked  for,  and  boldly  floated  down  its  unknown  waters. 

On  the  25th  of  June,  the  explorers  discovered  indications  of  Indians  on  the 
west  bank  of  the  river  and  landed  a  little  above  the  mouth  of  the  river  now 
known  as  Des  Moines,  and  for  the  first  time  Europeans  trod  the  soil  of  Iowa. 
Leaving  the  Canadians  to  guard  the  canoes,  Marquette  and  Joliet  boldly  fol- 
lowed the  trail  into  the  interior  for  fourteen  miles  (some  authorities  say  six),  to 
an  Indian  village  situate  on  the  banks  of  a  river,  and  discovered  two  other  vil- 
lages, on  the  rising  ground  about  half  a  league  distant.  Their  visit,  while  it 
created  much  astonishment,  did  not  seem  to  be  entirely  unexpected,  for  there 
was  a  tradition  or  prophecy  among  the  Indians  that  white  visitors  were  to  come 
to  them.  They  were,  therefore,  received  with  great  respect  and  hospitality,  and 
were  cordially  tendered  the  calumet  or  pipe  of  peace.  They  were  informed  that 
this  band  was  a  part  of  the  Illini  nation  and  that  their  village  was  called  Mon- 
iurgou-ma  or  Moingona,  which  was  the  name  of  the  river  on  which  it  stood. 
This,  from  its  similarity  of  sound,  Marquette  corrupted  into  Des  Moines 
(Monk's  River),  its  present  name. 

Here  the  voyagers  remained  six  days,  learning  much  of  the  manners  and 
customs  of  their  new  friends.  The  new  religion  they  boldly  preached  and  the 
authority  of  the  King  of  France  they  proclaimed  were  received  without  hos- 
tility or  remonstrance  by  their  savage  entertainers.  On  their  departure,  they 
were  accompanied  to  their  canoes  by  the  chiefs  and  hundreds  of  warriors. 
Marquette  received  from  them  the  sacred  calumet,  the  emblem  of  peace  and 
safeguard  among  the  nations,  and  re-embarked  for  the  rest  of  his  journey. 

It  is  needless  to  follow  him  further,  as  his  explorations  beyond  his  discovery 
of  Iowa  more  properly  belong  to  the  history  of  another  State. 

In  1682,  La  Salle  descended  the  Mississippi  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  in 
the  iiame  of  the  King  of  France,  took  formal  possession  of  all  the  immense 
region  watered  by  the  great  river  and  its  tributaries  from  its  source  to  its  mouth, 
and  named  it  Louisiana,  in  honor  of  his  master,  Louis  XIV.  The  river  he 
called  "  Colbert,"  after  the  French  Minister,  and  at  its  mouth  erected  a  column 
and  a  cross  bearing  the  inscription,  in  the  French  language, , 

"Louis  the  Great,  King  of  France  and  Navarre, 
Reigning  April  9th,  1682." 
At  the  close  of  the  seventeenth  century,  France  claimed,  by  right  of  dis- 
covery and  occupancy,  the  whole  valley  of  the  Mississippi  and  its  tributaries, 
including  Texas,  as  far  as  the  Rio  del  Norte. 


142  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA 

The  province  of  Louisiana  stretched  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  to  the  sources 
of  the  Tennessee,  the  Kanawha,  the  Allegheny  and  the  Monongahela  on  the 
east,  and  the  Missouri  and  the  other  great  tributaries  of  the  Father  of  Waters 
on  the  -west.  Says  Bancroft,  "  France  had  obtained,  under  Providence,  the 
guardianship  of  this  immense  district  of  country,  not,  as  it  proved,  for  her  own 
benefit,  but  rather  as  a  trustee  for  the  infant  nation  by  which  it  was  one  day  to 
be  inherited." 

By  the  treaty  of  Utrecht,  France  ceded  to  England  her  possessions 
in  Hudson's  Bay,  Newfoundland  and  Nova  Scotia.'  France  still  retained 
Louisiana ;  but  the  province  had  so  far  failed  to  meet  the  expectations  of  the 
crown  and  the  people  that  a  change  in  the  government  and  policy  of  the  country 
was  deemed  indispensable.  Accordingly,  in  1711,  the  province  was  placed  in 
the  hands  of  a  Governor  General,  with  headquarters  at  Mobile.  This  govern- 
ment was  of  brief  duration,  and  in  1712  a  charter  was  granted  to  Anthony 
Crozat,  a  wealthy  merchant  of  Paris,  giving  him  the  entire  control  and  mo- 
nopoly of  all  the  trade  and  resources  of  Louisiana.  But  this  scheme  also  failed. 
Crozat  met  with  no  success  in  his  commercial  operations  ;  every  Spanish  harbor 
on  the  Gulf  was  closed  against  his  vessels  ;  the  occupation  of  Louisiana  was 
deemed  an  encroachment  on  Spanish  territory  ;  Spain  was  jealous  of  lite  am- 
bition of  France. 

Failing  in  his  efforts  to  open  the  ports  of  the  district,  Crozat  "sought  to 
develop  the  internal  resources  of  Louisiana,  by  causing  trading  posts  to  be 
opened,  and  explorations  to  be  made  to  its  remotest  borders.  But  he 
actually  accomplished  nothing  for  the  advancement  of  the  colony.  The  only 
prosperity  which  it  ever  possessed  grew  out  of  the  enterprise  of  humble  indi- 
viduals, who  had  succeeded  in  instituting  a  little  barter  between  themselves 
and  the  natives,  and  a  petty  trade  with  neighboring  European  settlements. 
After  a  persevering  effort  of  nearly  five  years,  he  surrendered  his  charter  in 
August,  1717." 

Immediately  following  the  surrender  of  his  charter  by  Crozat,  another  and 
more  magnificent  scheme  was  inaugurated.  The  national  government  of  France 
was  deeply  involved  in  debt;  the  colonies  were  nearly  bankrupt,  and  John  Law 
appeared  on  the  scene  with  his  famous  Mississippi  Company,  as  the  Louisiana 
branch  of  the  Bank  of  France.  The  charter  granted  to  this  company  gave  it  a 
legal  existence  of  twenty-five  years,  and  conferred  upon  it  more  extensive  powers 
and  privileges  than  had  been  granted  to  Crozat.  It  invested  the  new  company 
with  the  exclusive  privilege  of  the  entire  commerce  of  Louisiana,  and  of  New 
France,  and  with  authority  to  enforce  their  rights.  The  Company  was  author- 
ized to  monopolize  all  the  trade  in  the  country ;  to  make  treaties  with  the 
Indians  ;  to  declare  and  prosecute  war  ;  to  grant  lands,  erect  forts,  open  mines 
of  precious  metals,  levy  taxes,  nominate  civil  officers,  commission  those  of  the 
army,  and  to  appoint  and  remove  judges,  to  cast  cannon,  and  build  and  equip 
ships  of  war.  All  this  was  to  be  done  with  the  paper  currency  of  John  Law's 
Bank  of  France.  He  had  succeeded  in  getting  His  Majesty  the  French  King 
to  adopt  and  sanction  his  scheme  of  financial  operations  both  in  France  and  in 
the  colonies,  and  probably  there  never  was  such  a  huge  financial  bubble  ever 
blown  by  a  visionary  theorist.  Still,  such  was  the  condition  of  France  that  it 
was  accepted  as  a  national  deliverance,  and  Law  became  the  most  powerful  man 
in  France.  He 'became  a  Catholic,  and  was  appointed  Comptroller  General  of 
Finance. 

Among  the  first  operations  of  the  Company  was  to  send  eight  hundred 
emigrants  to  Louisiana,  who  arrived  at  Dauphine  Island  in  1718. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  143 

In  1719,  Philipe  Francis  Renault  arrived  in  Illinois  with  two  hundred 
miners  and  artisans.  The  war  between  France  and  Spain  at  this  time  rendered 
it  extremely  probable  that  the  Mississippi  Valley  might  become  the  theater  of 
Spanish  hostilities  against  the  French  settlements  ;  to  prevent  this,  as  well  as  to 
extend  French  claims,  a  chain  of  forts  was  begun,  to  keep  open  the  connection 
between  the  mouth  and  the  sources  of  the  Mississippi.  Fort  Orleans,  high  up 
the  Mississippi  River,  was  erected  as  an  outpost  in  1720. 

The  Mississippi  scheme  was  at  the  zenith  of  its  power  and  glory  in  January, 
1720,  but  the  gigantic  bubble  collapsed  more  suddenly  than  it  had  been  inflated' 
and  the  Company  was  declared  hopelessly  bankrupt  in  May  following.  France 
was  impoverished  by  it,  both  private  and  public  credit  were  overthrown,  capi- 
talists suddenly  found  themselves  paupers,  and  labor  was  left  without  employ- 
rjent.     The  effect  on  the  colony  of  Louisiana  was  disastrous. 

While  this  was  going  on  in  Lower  Louisiana,  the  region  about  the  lakes  was 
the  theater  of  Indian  hostilities,  rendering  the  passage  from  Canada  to  Louisiana 
extremely  dangerous  for  many  years.  The  English  had  not  only  extended  their 
Indian  trade  into  the  vicinity  of  the  French  settlements,  but  through  their 
friends,  the  Iroquois,  had  gained  a  marked  ascendancy  over  the  Foxes,  a  fierce 
and  powerful  tribe,  of  Iroquois  descent,  whom  they  incited  to  hostilities  against 
the  French.  The  Foxes  began  their  hostilities  with  the  siege  of  Detroit  in 
1712,  a  siege  which  they  continued  for  nineteen  consecutive  days,  and  although 
the  expedition  resulted  in  diminishing  their  numbers  and  humbling  their  pride, 
yet  it  was  not  until  after  several  successive  campaigns,  embodying  the  best 
military  resources  of  New  France,  had  been  directed  against  them,  that  were 
finally  defeated  at  the  great  battles  of  Butte  des  Morts,  and  on  the  Wisconsin 
Eiver,  and  driven  west  in  1746. 

The  Company,  having  found  that  the  cost  of  defending  Louisiana  exceeded 
the  returns  from  its  commerce,  solicited  leave  to  surrender  the  Mississippi 
wilderness  to  the  home  government.  Accordingly,  on  the  10th  of  April,  1732, 
the  jurisdiction  and  control  over  the  commerce  reverted  to  the  crown  of  France. 
The  Company  had  held  possession  of  Louisiana  fourteen  years.  In  1735,  Bien- 
ville returned  to  assume  command  for  the  King. 

A  glance  at  a  few  of  the  old  French  settlements  will  show  the  progress  made 
in  portions  of  Louisiana  during  the  early  part  of  the  eighteenth  century.  As 
early  as  1705,  traders  and  hunters  had  penetrated  the  fertile  regions  of  the 
Wabash,  and  from  this  region,  at  that  early  date,  fifteen  thousand  hides  and 
skins  had  been  collected  and  sent  to  Mobile  for  the  European  market. 

In  the  year  1716,  the  French  population  on  the  Wabash  kept  up  a  lucrative 
commerce  with  Mobile  by  means  of  traders  and  voyageurs.  The  Ohio  River 
was  comparatively  unknown. 

In  1746,  agriculture  on  the  Wabash  had  attained  to  greater  prosperity  than 
in  any  of  the  French  settlements  besides,  and  in  that  year  six  hundred  barrels 
of  flour  were  manufactured  and  shipped  to  New  Orleans,  together  with  consider- 
able quantities  of  hides,  peltry,  tallow  and  beeswax. 

In  the  Illinois  country,  also,  considerable  settlements  had  been  made,  so  tha,t, 
in  1730,  they  embraced  one  hundred  and  forty  French  families,  about  six 
hundred  "  converted  Indians,"  and  many  traders  and  voyageurs. 

In  1753,  the  first  actual  conflict  arose  between  Louisiana  and  the  Atlantic 
colonies.  From  the  earliest  advent  of  the  Jesuit  fathers,  up  to  the  period  of 
which  we  speak,  the  great  ambition  of  the  French  had  been,  not  alone  to  preserve 
their  possessions  in  the  West,  but  by  every  possible  means  to  prevent  the 
slightest  attempt  of  the  English,  east  of  the  mountains,  to  extend  their  settle- 


144  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

ments  toward  the  Mississippi.  France  was  resolved  on  retaining  possession  of 
the  great  territory  which  her  missionaries  had  discovered  and  revealed  to  the 
world.  French  commandants  had  avowed  their  purpose  of  seizing  every 
Englishman  within  the  Ohio  Valley. 

The.  colonies  of  Pennsylvania,  New  York  and  Virginia  were  most  affected  by 
the  encroachments  of  France  in  the  extension  of  her  dominion,  and  particularly 
in  the  great  scheme  of  uniting  Canada  with  Louisiana.  To  carry  out  this 
purpose,  the  French  had  taken  possession  of  a  tract  of  country  claimed  by  Vir- 
ginia, and  had  commenced  a  line  of  forts  extending  from  the  lakes  to  the  Ohio 
River.  Virginia  was  not  only  alive  to  her  own  interests,  but  attentive  to  the 
vast  importance  of  an  immediate  and  effectual  resistance  on  the  part  of  all 
the  English  colonies  to  the  actual  and  contemplated  encroachments  of  the 
French. 

In  1753,  Governor  Dinwiddie,  of  Virginia,  sent  George  Washington,  then  a 
young  man  just  twenty-one,  to  demand  of  the  French  commandant  "  a  reason 
for  invading  British  dominions  while  a  solid  peace  subsisted."  Washington  met 
the  French  commandant,  Gardeur  de  St.  Pierre,  on  the  head  waters  of  the 
Alleghany,  and  having  communicated  to  him  the  object  of  his  journey,  received 
the  insolent  answer  that  the  French  would  not  discuss  the  matter  of  right,  but 
would  make  prisoners  of  every  Englishman  found  trading  on  the  Ohio  and  its 
waters.  The  country,  he  said,  belonged  to  the  French,  by  virtue  of  the  dis- 
coveries of  La  Salle,  and  they  would  not  withdraw  from  it. 

In  January,  1754,  Washington  returned  to  Virginia,  and  made  his  report  to 
the  Governor  and  Council.  Forces  were  at  once  raised,  and  Washington,  as 
Lieutenant  Colonel,  was  dispatched  at  the  head  of  a  hundred  and  fifty  men,  to 
the  forks  of  the  Ohio,  with  orders  to  "finish  the  fort  already  begun  there  by  the 
Ohio  Company,  and  to  make  prisoners,  kill  or  destroy  all  who  interrupted  the 
English  settlements." 

On  his  march  through  the  forests  of  Western  Pennsylvania,  Washington, 
through  the  aid  of  friendly  Indians,  discovered  the  French  concealed  among  the 
rocks,  and  as  they  ran  to  seize  their  arms,  ordered  his  men  to  fire  upon  them,  at 
the  same  time,  with  his  own  musket,  setting  the  example.  An  action  lasting 
about  a  quarter  of  an  hour  ensued ;  ten  of  the  Frenchmen  were  killed,  among 
them  Jumonville,  the  commander  of  the  party,  and  twenty-one  were  made  pris- 
oners. The  dead  were  scalped  by  the  Indians,  and  the  chief,  bearing  a  toma- 
hawk and  a  scalp,  visited  all  the  tribes  of  the  Miamis,  urging  them  to  join  the 
Six  Nations  and  the  English  against  the  French.  The  French,  however,  were 
soon  re-enforced,  and  Col.  Washington  was  compelled  to  return  to  Fort 
Necessity.  Here,  on  the  3d  day  of  July,  De  Villiers  invested  the  fort  with 
600  French  troops  and  100  Indians.  On  the  4th,  Washington  accepted 
terms  of  capitulation,  and  the  English  garrison  withdrew  from  the  valley  of 
the  Ohio. 

This  attack  of  Washington  upon  Jumonville  aroused  the  indignation  of 
France,  and  war  was  formally  declared  in  May,  1756,  and  the  "  French  and 
Indian  War"  devastated  the  colonies  for  several  years.  Montreal,  Detroit 
and  all  Canada  were  surrendered  to  the  English,  and  on  the  10th  of  February, 
1763,  by  the  treaty  of  Paris — which  had  been  signed,  though  not  formally  ratified 
by  the  respective  governments,  on  the  3d  of  November,  1762 — France  relinquished 
to  Great  Britian  all  that  portion  of  the  province  of  Louisiana  lying  on  the  east 
side  of  the  Mississippi,  except  the  island  and  town  of  New  Orleans.  On  the 
same  day  that  the  treaty  of  Paris  was  signed,  France,  by  a  secret  treaty,  ceded 
to  Spain  all  her  possessions  on  the  west  side  of  the  Mississippi,  including  the 


HISTORY  bF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  145 

whole  country  to  the  head  waters  of  the  Great  River,  and  west  to  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  and  the  jurisdiction  of  France  in  America,  which  had  lasted  nearly 
a  century,  was  ended. 

At  the  close  of  the  Revolutionary  war,  by  the  treaty  of  peace  between  Great 
Britain  and  the  United  States,  the  English  Government  ceded  to  the  latter 
all  the  territory  on  the  east  side  of  the  Mississippi  River  and  north  of  the  thirty- 
first  parallel  of  north  latitude.  At  the  same  time,  Great  Britain  ceded  to 
Spain  all  the  Floridas,  comprising  all  the  territory  east  of  the  Mississippi  and 
Bouth  of  the  southern  limits  of  the  United  States. 

At  this  time,  therefore,  the  present  State  of  Iowa  was  a  part  of  the  Spanish 
possessions  in  North  America,  as  all  the  territory  west  of  the  Mississippi  River 
was  under  the  dominion  of  Spain.  That  government  also  possessed  all  the 
territory  of  the  Floridas  east  of  the  great  river  and  south  of  the  thirty-first 
parallel  of  north  latitude.  The  Mississippi,  therefore,  so  essential  to  the  pros- 
perity of  the  western  portion  of  the  United  States,  for  the  last  three  hundred 
miles  of  its  course  flowed  wholly  within  the  Spanish  dominions,  and  that  govern- 
ment claimed  the  exclusive  right  to  use  and  control  it  below  the  southern  boun- 
dary of  the  United  States. 

The  free  navigation  of  the  Mississippi  was  a  very  important  question  during 
all  the  time  that  Louisiana  remained  a  dependency  of  the  Spanish  Crown,  and 
as  the  final  settlement  intimately  afi"ected  the  status  of  the  then  future  State 
of  Iowa,  it  will  be  interesting  to  trace  its  progress. 

The  people  of  the  United  States  occupied  and  exercised  jurisdiction  over 
the  entire  eastern  valley  of  the  Mississippi,  embracing  all  the  country  drained 
by  its  eastern  tributaries  ;  they  had  a  natural  right,  according  to  the  accepted  in- 
ternational law,  to  follow  these  rivers  to  the  sea,  and  to  the  use  of  the  Missis- 
sippi River  accordingly,  as  the  great  natural  channel  of  commerce.      The  river 
was  not  only  necessary  but  absolutely  indispensable  to  the  prosperity  and  growth 
of  the  western  settlements  then  rapidly  rising  into  commercial  and  political 
importance.      They  were  situated  in  the  heart  of  the  great  valley,  and  with 
wonderfully  expansive  energies  and  accumulating  resources,  it  was  very  evident 
that  no  power  on  earth  could  deprive  them  of  the  free  use  of  the  river  below 
them,  only  while  their  numbers  were  insufficient  to  enable  them  to  maintain 
their  right  by  force.     Inevitably,  therefore,  immediately  after  the  ratification  of 
the  treaty  of  1783,  the  Western  people  began  to  demand  the  free  navigation 
of  the  Mississippi — not  as  a  favor,  but  as  a  right.     In  1786,  both  banks  of 
the  river,  below  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio,  were  occupied  by  Spain,  and*  military 
posts  on  the  east  bank  enforced  her  power  to  exact  heavy  duties  on  all  im- 
ports by  way  of  the  river  for  the  Ohio  region.     Every  boat  descending  the 
river  was  forced  to  land  and  submit  to  the  arbitrary  revenue  exactions  of  the 
Spanish  authorities.     Under  the  administration  of  Governor  Miro,  these  rigor- 
ous exactions  were  somewhat  relaxed  from  1787  to  1790  ;  but  Spain  held  it  as 
her  right  to  make  theru.     Taking  advantage  of  the  claim  of  the  American  people, 
that  the  Mississippi  should  be  opened  to  them,  in  1791,  the  Spanish  Govern- 
ment concocted  a  scheme  for  the  dismembership  of  the  Union.     The  plan  was 
to  induce  the  Western  people  to  separate  from  the  Eastern  States  by  liberal  land 
grants  and  extraordinary  commercial  privileges,     i 

Spanish  emissaries,  among  the  people  of  Ohio  and  Kentucky,  informed  them 
that  the  Spanish  Government  would  grant  them  favorable  commercial  privileges, 
provided  they  would  secede  from  the  Federal  Government  east  of  the  mountains. 
The  Spanish  Minister  to  the  United  States  plainly  declared  to  his  confidential 
correspondent  that,  unless  the  Western  people  would  declare  their  independence 


146  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

and  refuse  to  remain  in  the  Union,  Spain  was  determined  never  to  grant  the 
free  navigation  of  the  Mississippi. 

By  the  treaty  of  Madrid,  October  20,  1795,  however,  Spain  formally  stip- 
ulated that  the  Mississippi  River,  from  its  source  to  the  Gulf,  for  its  entire  width, 
should  be  free  to  American  trade  and  commerce,  and  that  the  people  of  the 
United  States  should  be  permitted,  for  three  years,  to  use  the  port  of  New 
Orleans  as  a  port  of  deposit  for  their  merchandise  and  produce,  duty  free. 

In  November,  1801,  the  United  States  Government  received,  through  Rufiia 
King,  its  Minister  at  the  Court  of  St.  James,  a  copy  of  the  treaty  between  Spain 
and  France,  signed  at  Madrid  March  21,  1801,  by  which  the  cession  of  Loui- 
siana to  France,  made  the  previous  Autumn,  was  confirmed. 

The  change  offered  a  favorable  opportunity  to  secure  the  just  rights  of  the 
United  States,  in  relation  to  the  free  navigation  of  the  Mississippi,  and  ended 
the  attempt  to  dismember  the  Union  by  an  effort  to  secure  an  independent 
government  west  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains.  On  the  7th  of  January,  1803, 
the  American  House  of  Representatives  adopted  a  resolution  declaring  their 
"  unalterable  determination  to  maintain  the  boundaries  and  the  rights  of  navi- 
gation and  commerce  through  the  River  Mississippi,  as  established  by  existing 
treaties." 

In  the  same  month.  President  Jefferson  nominated  and  the  Senate  confirmed 
Robert  R.  Livingston  and  James  Monroe  as  Envoys  Plenipotentiary  to  the 
Court  of  France,  and  Charles  Pinckney  and  James  Monroe  to  the  Court  of 
Spain,  with  plenary  powers  to  negotiate  treaties  to  effect  the  object  enunciated 
by  the  popular  branch  of  the  National  Legislature.  These  envoys  were  in- 
structed to  secure,  if  possible,  the  cession  of  Florida  and  New  Orleans,  but  it 
does  not  appear  that  Mr.  Jefferson  and  his  Cabinet  had  any  idea  of  purchasing 
that  part  of  Louisiana  lying  on  the  west  side  of  the  Mississippi.  In  fact,  on 
the  2d  of  March  following,  the  instructions  were  sent  to  our  Ministers,  contain- 
ing a  plan  which  expressly  left  to  France  "all  her  territory  on  the  west  side  of 
the  Mississippi."  Had  these  instructions  been  followed,  it  might  have  been  that 
there  would  not  have  been  any  State  of  Iowa  or  any  other  member  of  the  glori- 
ous Union  of  States  west  of  the  "  Father  of  Waters." 

In  obedience  to  his  instructions,  however,  Mr.  Livingston  broached  this 
plan  to  M.  Talleyrand,  Napoleon's  Prime  Minister,  when  that  courtly  diplo- 
matist quietly  suggested  to  the  American  Minister  that  France  might  be  willing 
to  cede  the  whole  French  domain  in  North  America  to  the  United  States,  and 
asked  how  much  the  Federal  Government  would  be  willing  to  give  for  it.  Liv- 
ingston intimated  that  twenty  millions  of  francs  might  besa  fair  price.  Talley- 
rand thought  that  not  enough,  but  asked  the  Americans  to  "think  of  it."  A 
few  days  later.  Napoleon,  in  an  interview  with  Mr.  Livingston,  in  effect  informed 
the  American  Envoy  that  he  had  secured  Louisiana  in  a  contract  with  Spain 
for  the  purpose  of  turning  it  over  to  the  United  States  for  a  mere  nominal  sum. 
He  had  been  compelled  to  provide  for  the  safety  of  that  province  by  the  treaty, 
and  he  was  "  anxious  to  give  the  United  States  a  magnificent  bargain  for  a 
mere  trifie."  The  price  proposed  was  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  million 
francs.  This  was  subsequently  modified  to  fifteen  million  dollars,  and  on  this 
basis  a  treaty  was  negotiated,  and  was  signed  on  the  30th  day  of  April,  1803. 

This  treaty  was  ratified  by  the  Federal  Government,  and  by  act  of  Congress, 
approved  October  31,  1803,  the  President  of  the  United  States  was  authorized 
to  take  possession  of  the  territory  and  provide  for  it  a  temporary  government. 
Accordingly,  on  the  20th  day  of  December  foll'wing,  on  behalf  of  the  Presi- 
dent, Gov.  Clairboj^ne  and  Gen.  Wilkinson  took  possession  of  the  Louisiana 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  147 

purchase,  and  raised  the  American  flag  over  the  newly  acquired  domain,  at  New 
Orleans.  Spain,  although  it  had  by  treaty  ceded  the  province  to  France  in 
1801,  still  held  quasi  possession,  and  at  first  objected  to  the  transfer,  but  with- 
drew her  opposition  early  in  1804. 

By  this  treaty,  thus  successfully  consummated,  and  the  peaceable  withdrawal 
of  Spain,  the  then  infant  nation  of  the  New  World  extended  its  dominion  west 
of  the  Mississippi  to  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  north  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  to 
British  America. 

If  the  original  design  of  Jefferson's  administration  had  been  accomplished, 
the  United  States  would  have  acquired  only  that  portion  of  the  French  territory 
lying  east  of  the  Mississippi  River,  and  while  the  American  people  would  thus 
have  acquired  the  free  navigation  of  that  great  river,  all  of  the  vast  and  fertile 
empire  on  the  west,  so  rich  in  its  agricultural  and  inexhaustible  mineral 
resources,  would  have  remained  under  the  dominion  of  a  foreign  power.  To 
Napoleon's  desire  to  sell  the  whole  of  his  North  American  possessions,  and  Liv- 
ingston's act  transcending  his  instructions,  which  was  acquiesced  in  after  it  was 
done,  does  Iowa  owe  her  position  as  a  part  of  the  United  States  by  the 
Louisiana  purchase. 

By  authority  of  an  act  of  Congress,  approved  March  26,  1804,  the  newly 
acquired  territory  was,  on  the  1st  day  of  October  following,  divided :  that  part 
lying  south  of  the  33d  parallel  of  north  latitude  was  called  the  Territory  of 
Orleans,  and  all  north  of  that  parallel  the  District  of  Louisiana,  which  was  placed 
under  the  authority  of  the  ofiicers  of  Indiana  Territory,  until  July  4, 1805,  when 
it  was  organized,  with  territorial  government  of  its  own,  and  so  remained  until 
1812,  when  the  Territory  of  Orleans  became  the  State  of  Louisiana,  and  the 
name  of  the  Territory  of  Louisiana  was  changed  to  Missouri.  On  the  4th  of 
July,  1814,  that  part  of  Missouri  Territory  comprising  the  present  State  of 
Arkansas,  and  the  country  to  the  westward,  was  organized  into  the  Arkansas 
Territory. 

On  the  2d  of  March,  1821,  the  State  of  Missouri,  being  a  part  of  the  Terri- 
tory of  that  name,  was  admitted  to  the  Union.  June  28,  1834,  the  territory 
west  of  the  Mississippi  River  and  north  of  Missouri  was  made  a  part  of  the 
Territory  of  Michigan ;  but  two  years  later,  on  the  4th  of  July,  1836,  Wiscon- 
sin Territory  was  erected,  embracing  within  its  limits  the  present  States  of 
Iowa,  Wisconsin  and  Minnesota. 

By  act  of  Congress,  approved  June  12,  1838,  the 

TEREITORY   OF   IOWA 

was  erected,  comprising,  in  addition  to  the  present  State,  much  the  larger  part 
of  Minnesota,  and  extending  north  to  the  bounda,ry  of  the  British  Possessions. 

THE   ORIGINAL  OWNERS. 

Having  traced  the  early  history  of  the  great  empire  lying  west  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi, of  which  the  State  of  Iowa  constitutes  a  part,  from  the  earliest  dis- 
covery to  the  organization  of  the  Territory  of  Iowa,  it  becomes  necessary  to 
give  some  history  of 

THE   INDIANS    OF   IOWA. 

According  to  the  policy  of  the  European  nations,  possession  perfected  title 
to  any  territory.  We  have  seen  that  the  country  west  of  the  Mississippi  was  first 
discovered  by  the  Spaniards,  but  afterward,  was  visited  and  occupied  by  the 
French.     It  was  ceded  by  France  to  Spain,  and  by  Spain  back  to  France  again, 


148  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

and  then  was  purchased  and  occupied  by  the  United  States.  During  all  that 
time,  it  does  not  appear  to  have  entered  into  the  heads  or  hearts  of  the  high 
contracting  parties  that  the  country  they  bought,  sold  and  gave  away  was  in 
the  possession  of  a  race  of  men  who,  although  savage,  owned  the  vast  domain 
before  Columbus  first  crossed  the  Atlantic.  Having  purchased  the  territory, 
the  United  States  found  it  still  in  the  possession  of  its  original  owners,  who  had 
never  been  dispossessed;  and  it  became  necessary  to  purchase  again  what  had 
already  been  bought  before,  or  forcibly  eject  the  occupants ;  therefore,  the  his- 
tory of  the  Indian  nations  who  occupied  Iowa  prior  to  and  during  its  early  set- 
tlement by  the  whites,  becomes  an  important  chapter  in  the  history  of  the  State, 
that  cannot  be  omitted. 

For  more  than  one  hundred  years  after  Marquette  and  Joliet  trod  the  virgin 
soil  of  Iowa,  not  a  single  settlement  had  been  made  or  attempted ;  not  even  a 
trading  post  had  been  established.  The  whole  country  remained  in  the  undis- 
puted possession  of  the  native  tribes,  who  roamed  at  will  over  her  beautiful  and 
fertile  prairies,  hunted  in  her  woods,  fished  in  her  streams,  and  often  poured  out 
their  life-blood  in  obstinately  contested  contests  for  supremacy.  That  this  State 
so  aptly  styled  "  The  Beautiful  Land,"  had  been  the  theater  of  numerous, 
fierce  and  bloody  struggles  between  rival  nations,  for  possession  of  the  favored 
region,  long  before  its  settlement  by  civilized  man,  there  is  no  room  for  doubt. 
In  these  savage  wars,  the  weaker  party,  whether  aggressive  or  defensive,  was 
either  exterminated  or  driven  from  their  ancient  hunting  grounds. 

In  1673,  when  Marquette  discovered  Iowa,  the  Illini  were  a  very  powerful 
people,  occupying  a  large  portion  of  the  State ;  but  when  the  country  was  again 
visited  by  the  whites,  not  a  remnant  of  that  once  powerful  tribe  remained  on 
the  west  side  of  the  Mississippi,  and  Iowa  was  principally  in  the  possession  of 
the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  a  warlike  tribe  which,  originally  two  distinct  nations, 
residing  in  New  York  and  on  the  waters  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  had  gradually 
fought  their  way  westward,  and  united,  probably,  after  the  Foxes  had  been  driven 
out  of  the  Fox  River  country,  in  1846,  and  crossed  the  Mississippi.  The  death 
of  Pontiac,  a  famous  Sac  chieftain,  was  made  the  pretext  for  war  against  the 
Illini,  and  a  fierce  and  bloody  struggle  ensued,  which  continued  until  the  Illinois 
were  nearly  destroyed  and  their  hunting  grounds  possessed  by  their  victorious 
foes.  The  lowas  also  occupied  a  portion  of  the  State  for  a  time,  in  common 
with  the  Sacs,  but  they,  too,  were  nearly  destroyed  by  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  and, 
in  "  The  Beautiful  Land,"  these  natives  met  their  equally  warlike  foes,  the 
JNorthern  Sioux,  with  whom  they  maintained  a  constant  warfare  for  the  posses- 
sion of  the  country  for  many  years. 

When  the  United  States  came  in  possession  of  the  great  valley  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi, by  the  Louisiana  purchase,  the  Sacs  and  Foxes  and  lowas  possessed 
the  entire  territory  now  comprising  the  State  of  Iowa.  The  Sacs  and  Foxes, 
also,  occupied  the  most  of  the  State  of  Illinois. 

The  Sacs  had  four  principal  villages,  where  most  of  them  resided,  viz. : 
Their  largest  and  most  important  town — if  an  Indian  village  may  be  called 
such — and  from  which  emanated  most  of  the  obstacles  and  difficulties  encoun- 
tered by  the  Government  in  the  extinguishment  of  Indian  titles  to  land  in  this 
region,  was  on  Rock  River,  near  Rock  Island ;  another  was  on  the  east  bank  of 
the  Mississippi,  near  the  mouth  of  Henderson  River ;  the  third  was  at  the 
head  of  the  Des  Moines  Rapids,  near  the  present  site  of  Montrose,  and  the  fourth 
was  near  the  mouth  of  the  Upper  Iowa. 

The  Foxes  had  three  principal  villages,  viz. :  One  on  the  west  side  of  the 
Mississippi,  six  miles  above  the  rapids  of  Rock  River ;  another  about  twelve 


HISTORY  OF  T:IE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  149 

£Qiles  from  the  river,  in  the  rear  of  the  Dubuque  lead  mines,  and  the  third  on 
Turkey  River. 

The  lowas,  at  one  time  identified  with  the  Sacs,  of  Rock  River,  had  with- 
drawn from  them  and  become  a  separate  tribe.  Their  principal  village  was  on 
the  Des  Moines  River,  in  Van  Buren  County,  on  the  site  where  lowaville  now 
stands.  Here  the  last  great  battle  between  the  Sacs  and  Foxes  and  the  lowas 
was  fought,  in  which  Black  Hawk,  then  a  young  man,  commanded  one  division 
of  the  attacking  forces.     The  following  account  of  the  battle  has  been  given : 

"Contrary  to  long  established  custom  of  Indian  attack,  this  battle  was  commenced  in  the  day 
time,  the  attending  circumstances  justifying  this  departure  from  the  well  settled  usages  of  Indian 
warfare.  The  .battle  field  was  a  level  river  bottom,  about  four  miles  in  lecgth,  and  two  miles 
wide  near  the  middle,  narrowing  to  a  point  at  either  end.  The  main  area  of  this  bottom  rises 
perhaps  twenty  feet  above  the  river,  leaving  a  narrow  strip  of  low  bottom  along  the  shore,  covered 
with  trees  that  belted  the  prairie  on  the  river  side  with  a  thick  forest,  and  the  immediate  bank  of 
the  river  was  fringed  with  a  dense  growth  of  willows.  Near  the  lower  end  of  this  prairie,  near 
the  river  bank,  was  situated  the  Iowa  village.  About  two  miles  above  it  and  near  the  middle  of 
the  prairie  is  a  mound,  covered  at  the  time  with  a  tuft  of  small  trees  and  underbrush  growing  on 
its  summit.  In  the  rear  of  this  little  elevation  or  mound  lay  a  belt  of  wet  prairie,  covered,  at  that 
time,  with  a  dense  growth  of  rank,  coarse  grass.  Bordering  this  wet  prairie  on  the  north,  the 
country  rises  abruptly  into  elevated  broken  river  bluffs,  covered  with  a  heavy  forest  for  many 
miles  in  extent,  and  in  places  thickly  clustered  with  undergrowth,  affording  a  convenient  shelter 
for  the  stealthy  approach  of  the  foe. 

"  Through  this  forest  the  Sao  and  Fox  war  party  made  their  way  in  the  night  and  secreted 
themselves  in  the  tall  grass  spoken  of  above,  intending  to  remain  in  ambush  during  the  day  and 
make  such  observations  as  this  near  proximity  to  their  intended  victim  might  afford,  to  aid  them 
in  their  contemplated  attack  on  the  town  during  the  following  night.  From  this  situation  their 
spies  could  take  a  full  survey  of  the  village,  and  watch  every  movement  of  the  inhabitants,  by 
which  means  they  were  soon  convinced  that  the  lowas  had  no  suspicion  of  their  presence. 

"  At  the  foot  of  the  mound  above  mentioned,  the  lowas  had  their  race  course,  where  they  diverted 
themselves  with  the  excitement  of  horse  racing,  and  schooled  their  young  warriors  in  cavalry 
evolutions.  In  these  exercises  mock  battles  were  fought,  and  the  Indian  tactics  of  attack  and 
defense  carefully  inculcated,  by  which  meansaskill  in  horsemanship  was  acquired  rarely  excelled. 
Unfortunately  for  them  this  day  was  selected  for  their  equestrian  sports,  and  wholly  uncon- 
scious of  the  proximity  of  their  foes,  the  warriors  repaired  to  the  race  ground,  leaving  most  of 
their  arms  in  the  village  and  their  old  men  and  women  and  children  unprotected. 

"  Pash-a-po-po,  who  was  chief  in  command  of  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  perceived  at  once  the 
advantage  this  state  of  things  afforded  for  a  complete  surprise  of  his  now  doomed  victims,  and 
ordered  Black  Hawk  to  file  off  with  his  young  warriors  thmugh  the  tall  grass  and  gain  the  cover 
of  the  timber  along  the  river  bank,  and  with  the  utmost  speed  reach  the  village  and  commence 
the  battle,  while  he  remained  with  his  division  in  the  ambush  to  mal;e  a  simultaneous  assault  on 
the  unarmed  men  whose  attention  was  engrossed  with  the  excitement  of  the  races.  The  plan 
was  skill/ully  laid  and  most  dexterously  executed.  Black  Hawk  with  his  forces  reached  the 
village  undiscovered,  and  made  a  furious  onslaught  upon  the  defenseless  inhabiiants,  by  firing 
one  general  volley  into  their  midst,  and  completing  the  slaughter  with  the  tomahawk  and  scalp- 
ing knife,  aided  by  the  devouring  flames  with  which  they  enveloped  the  village  as  sooj  as  the 
fire  brand  could  be  spread  from  lodge  to  lodge. 

"  On  the  instant  ot  the  report  of  fire'  arms  at  the  village  the  forces  under  Pash-a-po-po 
leaped 'from  their  couchant  position  in  the  grass  and  sprang  tiger-like  upon  the  astonished  and 
unarmed  lowas  in>the  midst  of  their  racing  sports.  The  fir^t  impulse  of  the  latter  naturally  lei 
them  to  make  the  utmost  speed  toward  their  arms  in  the  village,  and  protect  if  possible  their 
wives  and  ch  1  Iren  from  the  attack  of  their  merciless  assailants.  The  diptanoe  from  the  place  of 
attack  on  the  prairie  was  two  miles,  and  a  great  number  fell  in  their  flight  by  the  bullets  and 
tomahawks  of  their  enemies,  who  pressed  them  closely  with  a  running  fire  the  whole  way,  and 
the  survivors  only  reached  their  town  in  time  to  witness  the  horrors  of  its  destruction.  Their 
whole  village  was  in  flames,  and  the  dearest  objects  of  their  lives  lay  in  slaughtered  heaps 
amidst  the  devouring  element,  and  the  agonizing  groans  of  the  dying,  mingled  with  the  exulting 
shouts  of  the  victorious  foe,  filled  their  hearts  with  maddening  despair.  Their  wives  and  children 
who  had  been  spared  the  general  massacre  were  prisoners,  and  together  with  their  arms  were  in 
the  hands  nf  the  victors ;  and  all  that  could  now  be  done  was  to  draw  off  their  shattered  and 
defenseless  forces,  and  save  as  many  lives  as  possible  by  a  retreat  across  the  Des  Moine'?  River, 
which  they  effected  in  the  best  possible  manner,  and  took  a  position  among  the  Soap  Creek 
Hills." 

The  Sacs  and  Foxes,  prior  to  the  settlement  of  their  village  on  Rock  River, 
had  a  fierce  conflict  with  the  Winnebagoes,  subdued  them  and  took  possession 


150  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

of  their  lands.  Their  village  on  Rock  River,  at  one  time,  contained  upward  of 
sixty  lodges,  and  was  among  the  largest  Indian  villages  on  the  continent.  In 
1825,  the  Secretary  of  War  estimated  the  entire  number  of  the  Sacs  and  Foxes 
at  4,600  souls.  Their  village  was  situated  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the 
upper  rapids  of  the  Mississippi,  where  the  beautiful  and  flourishing  towns  of 
RocJk  Island  and  Davenport  are  now  situated.  The  beautiful  scenery  of  the 
island,  the  extensive  prairies,  dotted  over  with  groves ;  the  picturesque  bluifs 
along  the  river  banks,  the  rich  and  fertile  soil,  producing  large  crops  of  corn, 
squash  and  other  'vegetables,  with  little  labor ;  the  abundance  of  wild  fruit, 
game,  fish,  and  almost  everything  calculated  to  make  it  a  delightful  spot  for  an 
Indian  village,  which  was  found  there,  had  made  this  place  a  favorite  home  of 
the  Sacs,  and  secured  for  it  the  strong  attachment  and  veneration  of  the  whole 
nation. 

North  of  the  hunting  grounds  of  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  were  those  of  the 
Sioux,  a  fierce  and  warlike  nation,  who  often  disputed  possession  with  their 
rivals  in  savage  and  bloody  warfare.  The  possessions  of  these  tribes  were 
mostly  located  in  Minnesota,  but  extended  over  a  portion  of  Northern  and 
Western  Iowa  to  the  Missouri  River.  Their  descent  from  the  north  upon  the 
hunting  grounds  of  Iowa  frequently  brought  them  into  collision  with  the  Sacs 
and  Foxes  ;  and  after  many  a  conflict  and  bloody  struggle,  a  boundary  line  was 
established  between  them  by  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  in  a  treaty 
held  at  Prairie- du  Chien,  in  1825.  But  this,  instead  of  settling  the  difiiculties, 
caused  them  to  quarrel  all  the  more,  in  consequence  of  alleged  trespasses  upon 
each  other's  side  of  the  line.  These  contests  were  kept  up  and  became  so  unre- 
lenting that,  in  1830,  Government  bought  of  the  respective  tribes  of  the  Sacs 
and  Foxes,  and  the  Sioux,  a  strip  of  land  twenty  miles  in  width,  on  both  sides 
of  the  line,  and  thus  throwing  them  forty  miles  apart  by  creating  between  them 
a  "neutral  ground,"  commanded  them  to  cease  their  hostilities.  Both  the 
Sacs  and  Foxes  and  the  Sioux,  however,  were  allowed  to  fish  and  hunt  on  this 
ground  unmolested,  provided  they  did  not  interfere  with  each  other  on  United 
States  territory.  The  Sacs  and  Foxes  and  the  Sioux  were  deadly  enemies,  and 
neither  let  an  opportunity  to  punish  the  other  pass  unimproved. 

In  April,  1852,  a  fight  occurred  between  the  Musquaka  band  of  Sacs  and 
Foxes  and  a  band  of  Sioux,  about  six  miles  above  Algona,  in  Kossuth  County, 
on  the  west  side  of  the  Des  Moines  River.  The  Sacs  and  Foxes  were  under 
the  leadership  of  Ko-ko-wah,  a  subordinate  chief,  and  had  gone  up  from  their 
home  in  Tama  County,  by  way  of  Clear  Lake,  to  what  was  then  the  "  neutral 
ground."  At  Clear  Lake,  Ko-ko-wah  was  informed  that  a  party  of  Sioux  were 
encamped  on  the  west  side  of  the  East  Fork  of  the  Des  Moines,  and  he  deter- 
mined to  attack  them.  With  sixty  of  his  warriors,  he  started  and  arrived  at  a 
point  on  the  east  side  of  the  river,  about  a  mile  above  the  Sioux  encampment, 
in  the  night,  and  concealed  themselves  in  a  grove,  where  they  were  able  to  dis- 
cover the  position  and  strength  of  their  hereditary  foes.  The  next  morning, 
after  many  of  the  Sioux  braves  had  left  their  camp  on  hunting  tours,  the  vin- 
dictive Sacs  and  Foxes  crossed  the  rivor  and  suddenly  attacked  the  camp.  The 
conflict  was  desperate  for  a  short  time,  but  the  advantage  was  with  the  assail- 
ants, and  the  Sioux  were  routed.  Sixteen  of  them,  including  some  of  their 
women  and  children,  were  killed,  and  a  boy  14  years  old  was  captured.  One 
of  the  Musquakas  was  shot  in  the  breast^  by  a  squaw  as  they  were  rushing  into 
the  Sioux's  camp.  He  started  to  run  away,  when  the  same  brave  squaw  shot 
him  through  the  body,  at  a  distance  of  twenty  rods,  and  he  fell  dead.  Three 
other  Sac  braves  were  killed.     But  few  of  the  Sioux  escaped.      The  victorious 


HlSTOIiy  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  151 

party  hurriedly  buried  their  own  dead,  leaving  the  dead  Sioux  above  ground, 
and  made  their  way  home,  with  their  captive,  with  all  possible  expedition. 

pike's  expedition. 

Very  soon  after  the  acquisition  of  Louisiana,  the  United  States  Government 
adopted  measures  for  the  exploration  of  the  new  territory,  having  in  view  the 
conciliation  of  the  numerous  tribes  of  Indians  by  whom  it  was  possessed,  and, 
also,  the  selection  of  proper  sites  for  the  establishment  of  military  posts  and 
trading  stations.  The  Army  of  the  West,  Gen.  James  Wilkinson  commanding, 
had  its  headquarters  at  St.  Louis.  From  this  post,  Captains  Lewis  and  Clark, 
with  a  suflBcient  force,  were  detailed  to  explore  the  unknown  sources  of  the 
Missouri,  and  Lieut.  Zebulon  M.  Pike  to  ascend  to  the  head  waters  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi. Lieut.  Pike,  with  one  Sergeant,  two  Corporals  and  seventeen  privates, 
left  the  military  camp,  near  St.  Louis,  in  a  keel-boat,  with  four  months'  rations, 
on  the  9th  day  of  August,  1805.  On  the  20th  of  the  same  month,  the  expe- 
dition arrived  within  the  present  limits  of  Iowa,  at  the  foot  of  the  Des  Moines 
Rapids,  where  Pike  met  William  Ewing,  who  had  just  been  appointed  Indian 
Agent  at  this  point,  a  French  interpreter  and  four  chiefs  and  fifteen  Sac  and 
Fox  warriors. 

At  the  head  of  the  Rapids,  where  Montrose  is  now  situated,  Pike  held  a 
council  with  the  Indians,  in  which  he  addressed  them  substantially  as  follows  : 
"Your  great  Father,  the  President  of  the  United  States,  wished  to  be  more 
intimately  acquainted  with  the  situation  and  wants  of  the  different  nations  of 
red  people  in  pur  newlv  acquired  territory  of  Louisiana,  and  has  ordered  the 
General  to  send  a  number  of  his  warriors  in  different  directions  to  take  them  by 
the  hand  and  make  such  inquiries  as  might  afford  the  satisfaction  required." 
At  the  close  of  the  council  he  presented  the  red  men  with  some  knives,  whisky 
and  tobacco. 

Pursuing  his  way  up  the  river,  he  arrived,  on  the  23d  of  August,  at  what  is 
supposed,  from  his  description,  to  be  the  site  of  the  present  city  of  Burlington, 
which  he  selected  as  the  location  of  a  military  post.  He  describes  the  place  as 
being  "  on  a  hill,  about  forty  miles  above  the  River  de  Moyne  Rapids,  on  the 
west  side  of  the  river,  in  latitude  about  41°  21'  nprth.  The  channel  of  the 
river  runs  on  that  shore ;  the  hill  in  front  is  about  sixty  feet  perpendicular ; 
nearly  level  on  top ;  four  hundred  yards  in  the  rear  is  a  small  prairie  fit  for 
gardening,  and  immediately  under  the  hill  is  a  limestone  spring,  sufficient  for 
the  consumption  of  a  whole  regiment."  In  addition  to  this  description,  which 
corresponds  to  Burlington,  the  spot  is  laid  down  on  his  map  at  a  bend  in  the 
river,  a  short  distance  below  the  mouth  of  the  Henderson,  which  pours  its  waters 
into  the  Mississippi  from  Illinois.  The  fort  was  built  at  Fort  Madison,  but  from 
the  distance,  latitude,  description  and  map  furnished  by  Pike,  it  could  not  have 
been  the  place  selected  by  him,  while  all  the  circumstances  corroborate  the 
opinion  that  the  place  he  selected  was  the  spot  where  Burlington  is  now  located, 
called  by  the  early  voyagers  on  the  Mississippi,  "  Flint  Hills." 

On  the  24th,  with  one  of  his  men,  he  went  on  shore  on  a  hunting  expedition, 
and  following  a  stream  which  they  supposed  to  be  a  part  of  the  Mississippi,  they 
were  led  away  from  their  course.  Owing  to  the  intense  heat  and  tall  grass,  his 
two  favorite  dogs,  which  he  had  taken  with  him,  became  exhausted  and  he  left 
them  on  the  prairie,  supposing  that  they  would  follow  him  as  soon  as  they 
should  get  rested,  and  went  on  to  overtake  his  boat.  Reaching  the  river,  he 
waited  some  time  for  his  canine  friends,  but  they  did  not  come,  and  as  he  deemed 
it  inexpedient  to  detain  the  boat  longer,  two  of  his  men  volunteered  to  go  in  pur- 


152  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

suit  of  them,  and  he  continued  on  his  way  up  the  river,  expecting  that  the  two 
men  would  soon  overtake  him.  They  lost  their  way,  however,  and  for  six  days 
were  without  food,  except  a  few  morsels  gathered  from  the  stream,  and  might 
have  perished,  had  they  not  accidentally  met  a  trader  from  St.  Louis,  who  in- 
duced two  Indians  to  take  them  up  the  river,  and  they  overtook  the  boat  at 
Dubuque. 

At  Dubuque,  Pike  was  cordially  received  by  Julien  Dubuque,  a  Frenchman, 
who  held  a  mining  claim  under  a  grant  from  Spain.  Dubuque  had  an  old  field 
piece  and  fired  a  salute  in  honor  of  the  advent  of  the  first  Americans  who  had 
visited  that  part  of  the  Territory.  Dubuque,  however,  was  not  disposed  to  pub- 
lish the  wealth  of  his  mines,  and  the  young  and  evidently  inquisitive  officer 
obtained  but  little  information  from  him. 

After  leaving  this  place,  Pike  pursued  his  way  up  the  river,  but  as  he  passed 
beyond  the  limits  of  the  present  State  of  Iowa,  a  detailed  history  of  his  explo- 
rations on  the  upper  waters  of  the  Mississippi  more  properly  belongs  to  the  his- 
tory of  another  State. 

It  is  sufficient  to  say  that  on  the  site  of  Fort  Snelling,  Minnesota,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Minnesota  River,  Pike  held  a  council  with  the  Sioux,  September 
23,  and  obtained  from  them  a  grant  of  one  hundred  thousand  acres  of  land. 
On  the  8th  of  January,  1806,  Pike  arrived  at  a  trading  post  belonging  to  the 
Northwest  Company,  on  Lake  De  Sable,  in  latitude  47°  At  this  time  the 
then  powerful  Northwest  Company  carried  on  their  immense  operations  from 
Hudson's  Bay  to  the  St.  Lawrence ;  up  that  river  on  both  sides,  along  the  great 
lakes  to  the  head  of  Lake  Superior,  thence  to  the  sources  of  the  Red  River  of 
the  north  and  west,  to  the  Rocky  Mountains,  embracing  within  the  scope  of 
their  operations  the  entire  Territory  of  Iowa.  After  successfully  accomplishing 
his  mission,  and  performing  a  valuable  service  to  Iowa  and  the  whole  Northwest, 
Pike  returned  to  St.  Louis,  arriving  there  on  the  30th  of  April,  1806. 

INDIAN   WAES. 

The  Territory  of  Iowa,  although  it  had  been  purchased  by  the  United  States, 
and  was  ostensibly  in  the  possession  of  the  Government,  was  still  occupied  by 
the  Indians,  who  claimed  title  to  the  soil  by  right  of  ownership  and  possession. 
Before  it  could  be  open  to  settlement  by  the  whites,  it  was  indispensable  that 
the  Indian  title  should  be  extinguished  and  the  original  owners  removed.  The 
accomplishment  of  this  purpose  required  the  expenditure  of  large  sums  of 
money  and  blood,  and  for  a  long  series  of  years  the  frontier  was  disturbed  by 
Indian  wars,  terminated  repeatedly  by  treaty,  only  to  be  renewed  by  some  act 
of  oppression  on  the  part  of  the  whites  or  some  violation  of  treaty  stipulation. 

As  previously  shown,  at  the  time  when  the  United  States  assumed  the  con- 
trol of  the  country  by  virtue  of  the  Louisiana  purchase,  nearly  the  whole  State 
was  in  possession  of  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  a  powerful  and  warlike  nation,  who 
were  not  disposed  to  submit  without  a  struggle  to  what  they  considered  the 
encroachments  of  the  pale  faces. 

Among  the  most  noted  chiefs,  and  one  whose  restlessness  and  hatred  of  the 
Americans  occasioned  more  trouble  to  the  Government  than  any  other  of  his 
tribe,  was  Black  Hawk,  who  was  born  at  the  Sac  village,  on  Rock  River,  in 
1767.  He  was  simply  the  chief  of  his  own  band  of  Sac  warriors,  but  by  his 
energy  and  ambition  he  became  the  leading  spirit  of  the  united  nation  of  Sacs 
and  Foxes,  and  one  of  the  prominent  figures  in  the  history  of  the  country  from 
3  804  until  his  death.  In  early  manhood  he  attained  some  distinction  as  a 
fighting  chief,  having  led  campaigns  against  the  Osages,  and  other  neighboring 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  153 

tribes.  About  the  beginning  of  the  present  century  he  began  to  appear  prom- 
inent in  affairs  on  the  Mississippi.  Some  historians  have  added  to  the  statement 
that  "  it  does  not  appear  that  he  was  ever  a  great  general,  or  possessed  any  of 
the  qualifications  of  a  successful  leader."  If  this  was  so,  his  hfe  was  a  marvel. 
How  any  man  who  had  none  of  the  qualifications  of  fi  leader  became  so  prom- 
inent as  such,  as  he  did,  indicates  either  that  he  had  some  ability,  or  that  his 
cotemporaries,  both  Indian  and  Anglo-Saxon,  had  less  than  he.  He  is  said 
to  have  been  the  "  victim  of  a  narrow  prejudice  and  bitter  ill-will  against  the 
Americans,"  but  the  impartial  historian  must  admit  that  if  he  was  the  enemy 
of  theAmericans,  it  was  certainly  not  without  some  reason. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  Spain  did  not  give  up  possession  of  the  country 
to  France  on  its  cession  to  the  latter  power,  in  1801,  but  retained  possession  of 
,  it,  and,  by  the  authority  of  France,  transferred  it  to  the  United  States,  in  1804. 
Black  Hawk  and  his  band  were  in  St.  Louis  at  the  time,  and  were  invited  to  be 
present  and  witness  the  ceremonies  of  the  transfer,  but  he  refused  the  invitation, 
and  it  is  but  just  to  say  that  this  refusal  was  caused  probably  more  from 
regret  that  the  Indians  were  to  be  transferred  from  the  jurisdiction  of  the 
Spanish  authorities  than  from  any  special  hatred  toward  the  Americans.  In 
his  life  he  says :  "  I  found  many  sad  and  gloomy  faces  because  the  United 
States  were  about  to  take  possession  of  the  town  and  country.  Soon  after  the 
Americans  came,  I  took  my  band  and  went  to  take  leave  of  our  Spanish  father. 
The  Americans  came  to  see  him  also.  Seeing  them  approach,  we  passed  out 
of  one  door  as  they  entered  another,  and  immediately  started  in  our  canoes  for 
our  village,  on  Rock  River,  not  liking  the  change  any  more  than  our  friends 
appeared  to  at  St.  Louis.  On  arriving  at  our  village,  we  gave  the  news  that 
strange  people  had  arrived  at  St.  Louis,  and  that  we  should  never  see  our 
Spanish  father  again.     The  information  made  all  our  people  sorry." 

On  the  3d  day  of  November,  1804,  a  treaty  was  concluded  between  William 
Henry  Harrison,  then  Governor  of  Indiana  Territory,  on  behalf  of  the  United 
States,  and  five  chiefs  of  the  Sac  and  Fox  nation,  by  which  the  latter,  in  con- 
sideration of  two  thousand  two  hundred  and  thirty-four  dollars'  worth  of  goods 
then  delivered,  and  a  yearly  annuity  of  one  thousand  dollars  to  be  paid  in 
goods  at  just  cost,  ceded  to  the  United  States  all  that  land  on  the  east  side  of 
the  Mississppi,  extending  from  a  point  opposite  the  Jefferson,  in  Missouri,  to 
the  Wisconsin  River,  embracing  an  area  of  over  fifty-one  millions  of  acres. 

To  this  treaty  Black  Hawk  always  objected  and  always  refused  to  consider 
it  binding  upon  his  people.  He  asserted  that  the  chiefs  or  braves  who  made  it 
had  no  authority  to  relinquish  the  title  of  the  nation  to  any  of  the  lands  lliey 
held  or  occupied  ;  and,  moreover,  that  they  had  been  sent  to  St.  Louis  on  quite 
a  different  errand,  namely,  to  get  one  of  their  people  released,  who  had  been 
imprisoned  at  St.  Louis  for  killing  a  white  man. 

The  year  following  this  treaty  (1805),  Lieutenant  Zebulon  M.  Pike  came  up 
the  river" for  the  purpose  of  holding  friendly  councils  with  the  Indians  and  select- 
ing sites  for  forts  within  the  territory  recently  acquired  from  France  by  the 
United  States.  Lieutenant  Pike  seems  to  have  been  the  first  American  whom 
Black  Hawk  ever  met  or  had  a  personal  interview  with  ;  and  he  was  very  much 
prepossessed  in  Pike's  favor.  He  gives  the  following  account  of  his  visit  to 
Rock  Island : 

"  A  boat  came  up  the  river  with  a  young  American  chief  and  a  small  party 
of  soldiers.  We  heard  of  them  soon  after  they  passed  Salt  River.  Some  of  our 
young  braves  watched  them  every  day,  to  see  what  sort  of  people  he  had  on 
board.     The  boat  at  length  arrived  at  Rock  River,  and  the  young  chief  came  on 


154  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

shore  with  his  interpreter,  and  made  a  speech  and  gave  us  some  presents.  "We 
in  turn  presented  them  with  meat  and  such  other  provisions  as  we  had  to  spare. 
We  were  well  pleased  with  the  young  chief.  He  gave  us  good  advice,  and  said 
our  American  father  would  treat  us  well." 

The  events  which  soon  followed  Pike's  expedition  were  the  erection  of  Fort 
Edwards,  at  what  is  now  "Warsaw,  Illinois,  and  Fort  Madison,  on  the  site  of  the 
present  town  of  that  name,  the  latter  being  the  first  fort  erected  in  Iowa.  These 
movements  occasioned  great  uneasiness  among  the  Indians.'  "When  work  was 
commenced  on  Fort  Edwards,  a  delegation  from  their  nation,  headed  by  some  of 
their  chiefs,  went  down  to  see  what  the  Americans  were  doing,  and  had  an  in- 
terview with  the  commander ;  after  which  they  returned  home  apparently  satis- 
fied. In  like  manner,  when  Fort  Madison  was  being  erected,  they  sent  down 
another  delegation  from  a  council  of  the  nation  held  at  Rock  River.  Accord- 
ing to  Black  Hawk's  account,  the  American  chief  told  them  that  he  was  build-' 
ing  a  house  for  a  trader  who  was  coming  to  sell  them  goods  cheap,  and  that  the 
soldiers  were  coming  to  keep  him  company — a  statement  which  Black  Hawk 
says  they  distrusted  at  the  time,  believing  that  the  fort  was  an  encroachment 
upon  their  rights,  and  designed  to  aid  in  getting  their  lands  away  from  them. 

It  has  been  held  by  good  American  authorities,  that  the  erection  of  Fort 
Madison  at  the  point  where  it  was  located  was  a  violation  of  the  treaty  of  1804. 
By  the  eleventh  article  of  that  treaty,  the  United  States  had  a  right  to  build  a 
fort  near  the  mouth  of  the  Wisconsin  River ;  by  article  six  they  had  bound 
themselves  "that  if  any  citizen  of  the  United  States  or  any  other  white  persons 
should  form  a  settlement  upon  their  lands,  such  intruders  should  forthwith  be 
removed."  Probably  the  authorities  of  the  United  States  did  not  regard  the 
establishment  of  military  posts  as  coming  properly  within  the  meaning  of  the 
term  "settlement,"  as  used  in  the  treaty.  At  all  events,  they  erected  Fort 
Madison  within  the  territory  reserved  to  the.  Indians,  who  became  very  indig- 
nant. Not  long  after  the  fort  was  built,  a  party  led  by  Black  Hawk  attempted 
its  destruction.  They  sent  spies  to  watch  the  movements  of  the  garrison,  who 
ascertained  that  the  soldiers  were  in  the  habit  of  marching  out  of  the  fort  every 
morning  and  evening  for  parade,  and  the  plan  of  the  party  was  to  conceal  them- 
selves near  the  fort,  and  attack  and  surprise  them  when  they  were  outside.  On 
tlie  morning  of  the  proposed  day  of  attack,  five  soldiers  came  out  and  were  fired 
upon  by  the  Indians,  two  of  them  being  killed.  The  Indians  were  too  hasty  in 
tlieir  movement,  for  the  regular  drill  had  not  yet  commenced.  However,  they 
kept  up  the  attack  for  several  days,  attempting  the  old  Fox  strategy  of  setting 
fire  to  the  fort  with  blazing  arrows;  but  finding  their  efforts  unavailing,  they 
soon  gave  up  and  returned  to  Rock  River. 

When  war  was  declared  between  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain,  in 
1812,  Black  Hawk  and  his  band  allied  themselves  with  the  British,  partly 
because  he  was  dazzled  by  their  specious  promises,  and  more  probably  because 
they  had  been  deceived  by  the  Americans.  Black  Hawk  himself  declared  that 
they  were  "forced  into  the  war  by  being  deceived."  He  narrates  the  circum- 
stances as  follows :  "  Several  of  the  chiefs  and  head  men  of  the.  Sacs  and 
Foxes  were  called  upon  to  go  to  Washington  to  see  their  Great  Father.  On 
their  return,  they  related  what  had  been  said  and  done.  They  said  the  Great 
Father  wished  them,  in  the  event  of  a  war  taking  place  with  England,  not  to 
interfere  on  either  side,  but  to  remain  neutral.  He  did  not  want  our  help,  but 
wished  us  to  hunt  and  support  our  families,  and  live  in  peace.  He  said  that 
British  traders  would  not  be  permitted  to  come  on  the  Mississippi  to  furnish  us 
with  goods,  but  that  we  should  be  supplied  with  an  American  trader.     Our 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE 'OF  IOWA.  155 

chiefs  then  told  him  that  the  British  traders  always  gave  them  credit  in  the 
Fall  for  guns,  powder  and  goods,  to  enable  us  to  hunt  and  clothe  our  families. 
He  repeated  that  the  traders  at  Fort  Madison  would  have  plenty  of  goods ; 
that  we  should  go  there  in  the  Fall  and  he  would  supply  us  on  credit,  as  the 
British  traders  had  done." 

Black  Hawk  seems  to  have  accepted  of  this  proposition,  and  he  and  his 
people  were  very  much  pleased.  Acting  in  good  faith,  they  fitted  out  for  their 
Winter's  hunt,  and  went  to  Fort  Madison  in  high  spirits  to  receive  from  the 
trader  their  outfit  of  supplies.  But,  after  waiting  some  time,  they  were  told  by 
the  trader  that  he  would  not  trust  them.  It  was  in  vain  that  they  pleaded  the 
promise  of  their  great  father  at  Washington.  The  trader  was  inexorable ;  and, 
disappointed  and  crestfallen,  they  turned  sadly  toward  their  own  village.  "Few 
of  us,"  says  Black  Hawk,  "slept  that  night;  all  was  gloom  and  discontent.  In 
the  morning,  a  canoe  was  seen  ascending  the  river ;  it  soon  arrived,  bearing  an 
express,  who  brought  intelligence  that  a  British  trader  had  landed  at  Rock 
Island  with  two  boats  loaded  with  goods,  and  requested  us  to  come  up  imme- 
diately, because  he  had  good  news  for  us,  and  a  variety  of  presents.  The 
express  presented  us  with  tobacco,  pipes  and  wampum.  The  news  ran  through 
our  camp  like  fire  on  a  prairie.  Our  lodges  were  soon  taken  down,  and  all 
started  for  Rock  Island.  Here  ended  all  hopes  of  our  remaining  at  peace, 
having  been  forced  into  the  war  by  being  deceived." 

He  joined  the  British,  who  flattered  him,  styled  him  "  Gen.  Black  Hawk," 
decked  him  with  medals,  excited  his  jealousies  against  the  Americans,  and 
armed  his  band ;  but  he  met  with  defeat  and  disappointment,  and  soon  aban- 
doned the  service  and  came  home. 

With  all  his  skill  and  courage.  Black  Hawk  was  unable  to  lead  all  the  Sacs 
and  Foxes  into  hostilities  to  the  United  States.  A  portion  of  them,  at  the  head 
of  whom  was  Keokuk  ("the  Watchful  Fox"),  were  disposed  to  abide  by  the 
treaty  of  1804,  and  to  cultivate  friendly  relations  with  the  American  people. 
Therefore,  when  Black  Hawk  and  his  band  joined  the  fortunes  of  Great 
Britain,  the  rest  of  the  nation  remained  neutral,  and,  for  protection,  Organized, 
with  Keokuk  for  their  chief.  This  divided  the  nation  into  the  "  War  and  the 
Peace  party."  - 

Black  Hawk  says  he  was  informed,  after  he  had  gone  to  the  war,  that  the 
nation,  which  had  been  reduced  to  so  small  a  body  of  figiiting  men,  were  unable 
to  defend  themselves  in  case  the  Americans  should  attack  them,  and  having  all 
the  old  men  and  women  and  children  belonging  to  the  warriors  who  had  joined 
the  British  on  their  hands  to  provide  for^  a  council  was  held,  and  it  was  agreed 
that  Quash-qua-me  (the  Lance)  and  other  chiefs,  together  with  the  old  men, 
women  and  children,  and  such  others  as  chose  to  accompany  them,  should  go  to 
St.  Louis  and  place  themselves  under  the  American  chief  stationed  there. 
They  accordingly  went  down,  and  were  received  as  the  "friendly  band"  of  the 
Sacs  and  Foxes,  and  were  provided  for  and  sent  up  the  Missouri  River.  On 
Black  Hawk's  return  from  the  British  army,  he  says  Keokuk  was  introduced 
to  him  as  the  war  chief  of  the  braves  then  in  the  village.  He  inquired  how  he 
had  become  chief,  and  was  informed  that  their  spies  had  seen  a  large  armed 
force  going  toward  "Peoria,  and  fears  were  entertained  of  an  attack  upon  the 
village ;  whereupon  a  council  was  held,  which  concluded  to  leave  the  village 
and  cross  over  to  the  west  side  of  the  Mississippi.  Keokuk  had  been  standing 
at  the  door  of  the  lodge  where  the  council  was  held,  not  being  allowed  to  enter 
on  account  of  never  having  killed  an  enemy,  where  he  remained  until  Wa-co-me 
came  out.      Keokilk  asked  permission  to  speak  in  the  council,  which  Wa-co-me 


166  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

obtained  for  him.  Keokuk  then  addressed  the  chiefs  ;  he  remonstrated  against 
the  desertion  of  their  village,  their  own  homes  and  the  graves  of  their  fathers, 
and  offered  to  defend  the  village.  The  council  consented  that  he  should  be 
their  war  chief.  He  marshaled  his  braves,  sent  out  spies,  and  advanced  on  the 
trail  leading  to  Peoria,  but  returned  without  seeing  the  enemy.  The  Americans 
did  not  disturb  the  village,  and  all  were  satisfied  with  the  appointment  of 
Keokuk. 

Keokuk,  like  Black  Hawk,  was  a  descendant  of  the  Sac  branch  of  the 
nation,  and  was  born  on  Rock  River,  in  1780.  He  was  of  a  pacific  disposition, 
but  possessed  the  elements  of  true  courage,  and  could  fight,  when  occasion 
required,  with  a  cool  judgment  and  heroic  energy.  In  his  first  battle,  he  en- 
countered and  killed  a  Sioux,  which  placed  him  in  the  rank  of  warriors,  and  he 
was  honored  with  a  public  feast  by  his  tribe  in  commemoration  of  the  event. 

Keokuk  has  been  described  as  an  orator,  entitled  to  rank  with  the  most 
gifted  of  his  race.  In  person,  he  was  tall  and  of  portly  bearing ;  in  his  public 
speeches,  he  displayed  a  commanding  attitude  and  graceful  gestures  ;  he  spoke 
rapidly,  but  his  enunciation  was  clear,  distinct  and  forcible ;  he  culled  his  fig- 
ures from  the  stores  of  nature  and  based  his  arguments  on  skillful  logic.  Un- 
fortunately for  the  reputation  of  Keokuk,  as  an  orator  among  white  people,  he 
was  never  able  to  obtain  an  interpreter  who  could  claim  even  a  slight  acquaint- 
ance with  philosophy.  With  one  exception  only,  his  interpreters  were  unac- 
(^uainted  with  the  elements  of  their  mother-tongue.  Of  this  serious  hindrance 
to  his  fame,  Keokuk  was  well  aware,  and  retained  Frank  Labershure,  who  had 
received  a  rudimental  education  in  the  French  and  English  languages,  until  the 
latter  broke  down  by  dissipation  and  died.  But  during  the  meridian  of  his 
career  among  the  white  people,  he  was  compelled  to  submit  his  speeches  for 
translation  to  uneducated  men,  whose  range  of  thought  fell  below  the  fiights  of 
a  gifted  mind,  and  the  fine  imagery  drawn  from  nature  was  beyond  their  power 
of  reproduction.  He  had  sufiicient  knowledge  of  the  English  language  to  make 
him  sensible  of  this  bad  rendering  of  his  thoughts,  and  often  a  feeling  of  morti- 
fication at  the  bungling  efforts  was  depicted  on  his  countenance  while  >speaking. 
The  proper  place  to  form  a  correct  estimate  of  his  ability  as  an  orator  was  in 
the  Indian  council,  where  he  addressed  himself  exclusively  to  those  who  under- 
stood his  language,  and  witness  the  electrical  effect  of  his  eloquence  upon  his 
audience. 

Keokuk  seems  to  have  possessed  a  more  sober  judgment,  and  to  have  had  a 
more  intelligent  view  of  the  great  strength  and  resources  of  the  United  States, 
than  his  noted  and  restless  cotemporary,  Black  Hawk.  He  knew  from  the  first 
that  the  reckless  war  which  Black  Hawk  and  his  band  had  determined  to  carry  on 
could  result  in  nothing  but  defeat  and  disaster,  and  used  every  argument  against 
it.  The  large  number  of  warriors  whom  he  had  dissuaded  from  following  Black 
Hawk  became,  however,  greatly  excited  with  the  war  spirit  after  Stillman's 
defeat,  and  but  for  the  signal  tact  displayed  by  Keokuk  on  that  occasion,  would 
have  forced  him  to  submit  to  their  wishes  in  joining  the  rest  of  the  warriors  in 
the  field.  A  war-dance  was  held,  and  Keokuk  took  part  in  it,  seeming  to  be 
moved  with  the  current  of  the  rising  storm.  When  the  dance  was  over,  he 
called  the  council  to  prepare  for  war.  He  made  a  speech,  in  which  he  admitted 
the  justice  of  their  complaints  against  the  Americans.  To  seek  redress  was  a 
noble  aspiration  of  their  nature.  The  blood  of  their  brethren  had  been  shed  by 
the  white  man,  and  the  spirits  of  their  braves,  slain  in  battle,  called  loudly  for 
vengeance.  "I  am  your  chief,"  he  said,  "  and  it  is  my  duty  to  lead  you  to' bat- 
tle, if,  after  fully  considering  the  matter,  you  are  determined  to  go.      But  before 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  157 

you  decide  on  taking  this  important  step,  it  is  wise  to  inquire  into  the  chances  of 
success."  He  then  portrayed  to  them  the  great  power  of  the  United  States 
against  whom  they  would  have  to  contend,  that  their  chance  of  success  was 
utterly  hopeless.  "  But,"  said  he,  "  if  you  do  determine  to  go  upon  the  war- 
path, I  will  agree  to  lead  you,  on  one  condition,  viz.:  that  before  we  go,  we  will 
kill  all  our  old  men  and  our  wives  and  children,  to  save  them  from  a  lingering 
death  of  starvation,  and  that  every  one  of  us  determine  to  leave  our  homes  on 
the  other  side  of  the  Mississippi." 

This  was  a  strong  but  truthful  picture  of  the  prospect  before  them,  and  was 
presented  in  such  a  forcible  light  as  to  cool  their  ardor,  and  cause  them  to  aban- 
don the  rash  undertaking. 

But  during  the  war  of  1832,  it  is  now  considered  certain  that  small  bands  of 
Indians,  from  the  west  side  of  the  Mississippi,  made  incursions  into  the  white 
settlements,  in  the  lead  mining  region,  and  committed  some  murders  and  dep- 
redations. 

When  peace  was  declared  between  the  United  States  and  England,  Black 
Hawk  was  required  to  make  peace  with  the  former,  and  entered  into  a '  treaty 
at  Portage  des  Sioiix,  September  14,  1815,  but  did  not  "  touch  the  goose-quill 
to  it  until  May  13,  1816,  when  he  smoked  the  pipe  of  peace  with  the  great 
white  chief,"  at  St.  Louis.  This  treaty  was  a  renewal  of  the  treaty  of  1804, 
but  Black  Hawk  declared  he  had  been  deceived ;  that  he  did  not  know  that  by 
signing  the  treaty  he  was  giving  away  his  village.  This  weighed  upon  his  mind, 
already  soured  by  previous  disappointment  and  the  irresistible  encroachments  of 
the  whites ;  and  when,  a  few  years  later,  he  and  his  people  were  driven  from 
their  possessions  by  the  military,  he  determined  to  return  to  the  home  of  his 
fathers. 

It  is  also  to  be  remarked  that,  in  1816,  by  treaty  with  various  tribes,  the 
United  States  relinquished  to  the  Indians  all  the  lands  lying  north  of  a  line 
drawn  from  the  southernmost  point  of  Lake  Michigan  west  to  the  Mississippi, 
except  a  reservation  five  leagues  square,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  supposed  then 
to  be  sufficient  to  include  all  the  mineral  lands  on  and  adjacent  to  Fever  River, 
and  one  league  square  at  the  mouth  of  the  Wisconsin  River. 

THE   BLACK   HAWK   WAK. 

The  immediate  cause  of  the  Indian  outbreak  in  1830  was  the  occupation  of 
Black  Hawk's  village,  on  the  Rock  River,  by  the  whites,  during  the  absence  of 
tbe  chief  and  his  braves  on  a  hunting  expedition,  on  the  west  side  of  the 
Mississippi.  When  they  returned,  they  found  their  wigwams  occupied  by  white 
families,  and  their  own  women  and  children  were  shelterless  on  the  banks  of 
the  river.  The  Indians  were  indignant,  and  determined  to  repossess  their  village 
at  all  hazards,  and  early  in  the  Spring  of  1831  recrossed  the  Mississippi  and 
menacingly  took  possession  of  their  own  cornfields  and  cabins.  It  may  be  well 
to  remark  here  that  it  was  expressly  stipulated  in  the  treaty  of  1804,  to  which 
they  attributed  all  their  troubles,  that  the  Indians  should  not  be  obliged  to 
leave  their  lands  until  they  were  sold  by  the  United  States,  and  it  does  not 
appear  that  they  occupied  any  lands  other  than  those  owned  by  the  Government. 
,If  this  was  true,  the  Indians  had  good  cause  for  indignation  and  complamt. 
"But  the  whites,  driven  out  in  turn  by  the  returning  Indians,  became  so  clamorous 
against  what  they  termed  the  encroachments  of  the  natives,  that  Gov.  Reynolds,  of 
Illinois,  ordered  Gen  Gaines  to  Rock  Island  with  a  military  force  to  drive  the 
Indians  again  from  their  homes  to  the  west  side  of  the  Mississippi.  Black  Hawk 
says  he  did  not  intend  to  be  provoked  into  war  by  anything  less  than  the  blood  of 


158  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

some  of  his  own  people  ;  in  other  words,  that  there  would  be  no  war  unless  it  should 
he  commenced  hy  the  pale  faces.  But  it  was  said  and  probably  thought  by  the  mili- 
tary commanders  along  the  frontier  that  the  Indians  intended  to  unite  in  a  general 
war  against  the  whites,  from  Rock  River  to  the  Mexican  borders.  But  it  does  not 
appear  that  the  hardy  frontiersmen  themselves  had  any  fears,  for  their  experi- 
ence had  been  that,  when  well  treated,  their  Indian  neighbors  were  not  danger- 
ous. Black  Hawk  and  his  band  had  done  no  more  than  to  attempt  to  repossess  the 
the  old  homes  of  which  they  had  been  deprived  in  their  absence.  No  blood 
had  been  shed.  Black  Hawk  and  his  chiefs  sent  a  flag  of  truce,  and  a  new 
treaty  was  made,  by  which  Black  Hawk  and  his  band  agreed  to  remain  forever 
on  the  Iowa  side  and  never  recross  the  river  without  the  permission  of  the 
President  or  the  Governor  of  Illinois.  Whether  the  Indians  clearly  understood 
the  terms  of  this  treaty  is  uncertain.  As  was  usual,  the  Indian  traders  had 
dictated  terms  on  their  behalf,  and  they  had  received  a  large  amount  of  pro- 
visions, etc.,  from  the  Government,  but  it  may  well  be  doubted  whether  the 
Indians  comprehended  that  they  could  never  revisit  the  graves  of  their  fathers 
without  violating  their  treaty.  They  undoubtedly  thought  that  they  had  agreed 
never  to  recross  the  Mississippi  with  hostile  intent.  However  this  may  be,  on 
the  6th  day  of  April,  1832,  Black  Hawk  and  his  entire  band,  with  their  women 
and  children,  again  recrossed  the  Mississippi  in  plain  view  of  the  garrison  of 
Fort  Armstrong,  and  went  up  Rock  River.  Although  this  act  was  construed 
into  an  act  of  hostility  by  the  military  authorities,  who  declared  that  Black 
Hawk  intended  to  recover  his  village,  or  the  site  where  it  stood,  by  force  ;  but 
it  does  not  appear  that  he  made  any  such  attempt,  nor  did  his  apearance 
create  any  special  alarm  among  the  settlers.  They  knew  that  the  Indians  never 
went  on  the  war  path  encumbered  with  the  old  men,  their  women  and  t'leir 
children. 

The  G-alenian,  printed  in  Galena,  of  May  2,  1832,  says  that  Black  Hawk 
was  invited  by  the  Prophet  and  had  taken  possession  of  a  tract  about  forty 
miles  up  Rock  River ;  but  that  he  did  not  remain  there  long,  but  commenced 
his  march  up  Rock  River.  Capt.  W.  B.  Green,  who  served  in  Capt.  Stephen- 
son's company  of  mounted  rangers,  says  that  "Black  Hawk  and  h^s  hand 
crossed  the  river  with  no  hostile  intent,  but  that  his  band  had  had  bad  luck  in 
hunting  during  the  previous  Winter,  were  actually  in  a  starving  condition,  and 
had  come  over  to  spend  the  Summer  with  a  friendly  tribe  on  the  head  waters  of 
the  Rock  and  Illinois  Rivers,  by  invitation  from  their  chief.  Other  old  set- 
tlers, who  all  agree  that  Black  Hawk  had  no  idea  of  fighting,  say  that  he  came 
back  to  the  west  side  expecting  to  negotiate  another  treaty,  and  get  a  new 
supply  of  provisions.  The  most  reasonable  explanation  of  this  movement,  which 
resulted  so  disastrously  to  Black  Hawk  and  his  starving  people,  is  that,  during 
the  Fall  and  Winter  of  1831-2,  his  people  became  deeply  indebted  to  their 
favorite  trader  at  Fort  Armstrong  (Rock  Island).  They  had  not  been  fortunate 
in  hunting,  and  he  was  likely  to  lose  heavily,  as  an  Indian  debt  was  outlawed 
in  one  year.  If,  therefore,  the  Indians  could  be  induced  to  come  over,  and  the 
fears  of  the  military  could  be  sufficiently  aroused  to  pursue  them,  another  treaty 
could  be  negotiated,  and  from  the  payments  from  the  Government  the  shrewd 
trader  could  get  his  pay.  Just  a  week  after  Black  Hawk  crossed  the  river,  on 
the  13th  of  April,  1882,  George  Davenport  wrote  to  Gen.  Atkinson  :  "  I  am 
informed  that  the  British  band  of  Sac  Indians  are  determined  to  make  war  oh 
the  frontier  settlements.  *  *  *  From  every  information  that  I  have 
received,  I  am  of  the  opinion  that  the  intention  of  the  British  hand  of  Sac 
Indians  is  to  commit  depredations  on  the  inhabitants  of  the  frontier."     And 


HISTORY  OP  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  159 

yet,  from  the  6th  day  of  April  until  after  Stillman's  men  commenced  war  by 
firing  on  a  flag  of  truce  from  Black  Hawk,  no  murders  nor  depredations  were 
committed  by  the  British  band  of  Sac  Indians. 

It  is  not  the  purpose  of  this  sketch  to  detail  the  incidents  of  the  Black 
Hawk  war  of  1832,  as  it  pertains  rather  to  the  history  of  the  State  of  Illinois. 
It  is  suiBcient  to  say  that,  after  the  disgraceful  affair  at  Stillman's  Run,  Black 
Hawk,  concluding  that  the  whites,  refusing  to  treat  with  him,  were  determined 
to  exterminate  his  people,  determined  to  return  to  the  Iowa  side  of  the  Missis- 
sippi. He  could  not  return  by  the  way  he  came,  for  the  army  was  behind  him, 
an  army,  too,  that  would  sternly  refuse  to  recognize  the  white  flag  of  peace. 
His  only  course  was  to  make  his  way  northward  and  reach  the  Mississippi,  if 
possible,  before  the  troops  could  overtake  him,  and  this  he  did ;  but,  before  he 
could  get  his  women  and  children  across  the  Wisconsin,  he  was  overtaken,  and  a 
battle  ensued.  Here,  again,  he  sued  for  peace,  and,  through  his  trusty  Lieu- 
tenant, "the  Prophet,"  the  whites  were  plainly  informed  that  the  starving 
Indians  did  not  wish  to  fight,  but  would  return  to  the  west  side  of  the  Missis- 
sippi, peaceably,  if  they  could  be  permitted  to  do  so.  No  attention  was  paid  to 
this  second  effort  to  negotiate  peace,  and,  as  soon  as  supplies  could  be  obtained, 
the  pursuit  was  resumed,  the  flying  Indians  were  over(taken  again  eight  miles 
before  they  reached  the  mouth  of  the  Bad  Axe,  and  the  slaughter  (it  should  not 
be  dignified  by  the  name  of  battle)  commenced.  Here,  overcome  by  starvation 
and  the  victorious  whites,  his  band  was  scattered,  on  the  2d  day  of  August, 
1832.  Black  Hawk  escaped,  but  was  brought  into  camp  at  Prairie  du  Chien 
by  three  Winnebagoes.  He  was  confined  in  Jefferson  Barracks  until  the 
Spring  of  1833,  when  he  was  sent  to  Washington,  arriving  there  April  22.  On 
the,  26th  of  April,  they  were- taken  to  Fortress  Monroe,  where  they  remained 
till  the  4th  of  June,  1833,  when  orders  were  given  for  them  to  be  liberated  and 
returned  to  their  own  country.  By  order  of  the  President,  he  was  brought 
back  to  Iowa  through  the  principal  Eastern  cities.  Crowds  flocked  to  see  him 
all  along  his  route,  and  he  was  very  much  flattered  by  the  attentions  he 
received.  He  lived  among  his  people  on  the  Iowa  River  till  that  reservation 
was  sold,  in  1836,  when,  with  the  rest  of  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  he  removed  to 
the  Des  Moines  Reservation,  where  he  remained  till  his  death,  which  occurred 
on  the  3d  of  October,  1838. 


INDIAN  PURCHASES,  RESERVES  AND  TREATIES. 

At  the  close  of  the  Black  Hawk  War,  in  1832,  a  treaty  was  made  at  a 
council  held  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  where  now  stands  the  thriving 
city  of  Davenport,  on  grounds  now  occupied  by  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  & 
Pacific  Railroad  Company,  on  the  21st  day  of  September,  1832.  At  this 
council,  the  United  States  were  represented  by  Gen.  Wmfield  Scott  and  Gov. 
Reynolds,  of  Illinois.  Keokuk,  Pash-a-pa-ho  and  some  thirty  other  chiefs  and 
warriors  of  the  Sac  and  Fox  nation  were  present.  By  this  treaty,  the  Sacs  and 
Foxes  ceded  to  the  United  States  a  strip  of  land  on  the  eastern  border  of  Iowa 
fifty  miles  wide,  from  the  northern  boundary  of  Missouri  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Upper  Iowa  River,  containing  about  six  million  acres.  The  western  Ime  of  the 
purchase  was  parallel  with  the  Mississippi.  In  consideration  of  this  cession, 
the  United  States  Government  stipulated  to  pay  annually  to  the  confederated 
tribes,  for  thirty  consecutive  years,  twenty  thousand  dollars  in  specie,  and  to 
pay  the  debts  of  the  Indians  at  Rock  Island,  which  had  been  accumulating  for 


160  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

seventeen  years  and  amounted  to  fifty  thousand  dollars,  due  to  Davenport  & 
Farnham,  Indian  traders.'  The  Government  also  generously  donated  to  the 
Sac  and  Fox  women  and  children  whose  husbands  and  fathers  had  fallen  in  the 
Black  Hawk  war,  thirty-five  beef  cattle,  twelve  bushels  of  salt,  thirty  barrels  of 
pork,  fifty  barrels  of  flour  and- six  thousand  bushels  of  corn. 

This  territory  is  known  as  the  "  Black  Hawk  Purchase."  Although  it  was 
not  the  first  portion  of  Iowa  ceded  to  the  United  States  by  the  Sacs  and  Foxes, 
it  was  the  first  opened  to  actual  settlement  by  the  tide  of  emigration  that  flowed 
across  the  Mississippi  as  soon  as  the  Indian  title  was  extinguished.  The  treaty 
was  ratified  February  13,  1833,  and  took  eff'ect  on  the  1st  of  June  following, 
when  the  Indians  quietly  removed  from  the  ceded  territory,  and  this  fertile  and 
beautiful  region  was  opened  to  white  settlers. 

By  the  terms  of  the  treaty,  out  of  the  Black  Hawk  Purchase  was  reserved  for 
the  Sacs  and  Foxes  400  square  miles  of  land  situated  on  the  Iowa  River,  and  in- 
Icuding  within  its  limits  Keokuk's  village,  on  the  right  bank  of  that  river.  This 
tract  was  known  as  "  Keokuk's  Reserve,  '  and  was  occupied  by  the  Indians  until 
1836,  when,  by  a  treaty  made  in  September  between  them  and  Gov.  Dodge,  of 
Wisconsin  Territory,  it  was  ceded  to  the  United  States.  The  council  was  held  ' 
on  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi,  above  Davenport,  and  was  the  largest  assem- 
blage of  the  kind  ever  held  by  the  Sacs  and  Foxes  to  treat  for  the  sale  of  lands. 
About  one  thousand  of  their  chiefs  and  braves  were  present,  and  Keokuk  was 
their  leading  spirit  and  principal  speaker  on  the  occasion.  By  the  terms  of  the 
treaty,  the  Sacs  and  Foxes  were  removed  to  another  reservation  on  the  Des 
Moines  River,  where  an  agency  was  established  for  them  at  what  is  now  the 
town  of  Agency  City. 

Besides  the  Keokuk  Reserve,  the  Government  gave  out  of  the  Black  Hawk 
Purchase  to  Antoine  Le  Claire,  interpreter,  in  fee  simple,  one  section  of  land 
opposite  Rock  Island,  and  another  at  the  head  of  the  first  rapids  above  the 
island,  on  the  Iowa  side.  This  was  the  first  land  title  granted  by  the  United 
States  to  an  individual  in  Iowa. 

Soon  after  the  removal  of  the  Sacs  and  Foxes  to  their  new  reservation 
on  the  Des  Moines  River,  Gen.  Joseph  M.  Street  was  transferred  from  the 
agency  of  the  Winnebagoes,  at  Prairie  du  Chien,  to  establish  an  agency 
among  them.  A  farm  was  selected,  on  which  the  necessary  buildings  were 
erected,  including  a  comfortable  farm  house  for  the  agent  and  his  family,  at 
the  expense  of  the  Indian  Fund.  A  salaried  agent  was  employed  to  superin- 
tend the  farm  and  dispose  of  the  crops.  Two  mills  were  erected,  one  on  Soap 
Creek  and  the  other  on  Sugar  Creek.  The  latter  was  soon  swept  away  by  a 
flood,  but  the  former  remained  and  did  good  service  for  many  years.  Connected 
with  the  agency  were  Joseph  Smart  and  John  Goodell,  interpretejs.  The 
latter  was  interpreter  for  Hard  Fish's  band.  Three  of  the  Indian  chiefs,  Keo- 
kuk, Wapello  and  Appanoose,  had  each  a  large  field  improved,  the  two  former 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Des  Moines,  back  from  the  river,  in  what  is  now 
"  Keokuk's  Prairie,"  and  the  latter  on  the  present  site  of  the  city  of  Ottumwa. 
Among  the  traders  connected  with  the  agency  were  the  Messrs.  Ewing,  from 
Ohio,  and  Phelps  &  Co.,  from  Illinois,  and  also  Mr.  J.  P.  Eddy,  who  estab- 
lished his  post  at  what  is  now  the  site  of  Eddyville. 

The  Indians  at  this  agency  became  idle  and  listless  in  the  absence  of  their 
natural  and  wonted  excitements,  and  many  of  them  plunged  into  dissipation. 
Keokuk  himself  became  dissipated  in  the  latter  years  of  his  life,  and  it  has 
been  reported  that  he  died  of  delirium  tremens  after  his  removal  with  his 
tribe  to  Kansas. 


HISTORY  OP  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  Igj 

In  May,  1843,  most  of  the  Indians  were  removed  up  the  Des  Moines  River 
above  the  temporary  line  of  Red  Rock,  having  ceded  the  remnant  of  their 
ands  in  Iowa  to  the  United  States  on  the  21st  of  September,  1837,  and  on  the 

f  ./  P#  p'  V.  •  „^y  *^«*«r'  °^  *^''^"'^  *^^^ty'  they  held  possession 
of  the  "New  Purchase  till  the  Autumn  of  1845,  when  the  most  of  them 
were  removed  to  their  reservation  in  Kansas,  the  balance  being  removed  in  the 
Spring  01  1846. 

1.  Treaty  with  the  Ko«:t-Made  July  19,  1815 ;  ratified  December  16,  1815.  This  treaty 
was  made  at  Portage  des  Sioux  between  the  Sioux  of  Minnesota  and  Upper  Iowa  and  the  United 
States,  by  William  Clark  and  Nmian  Edwards,  Commissioners,  and  was  merely  a  treaty  of  peace 
and  friendship  on  the  part  of  those  Indians  toward  the  United  States  at  the  close  of  the  war  of 

.V  T?'  ■,  ?■«"/ ^  ""'*  f  fu'^T-"'^  ^'51?.''  ^'■^^'y  °^  P^*"*  "^=  "^<l«  *'  P<"-t*g«  des  Sioux,  between 
he  United  States  and  the  Sacs,  by  William  Clark,  Ninian  Edwards  and  Auguste  Choteau,  on  the 
13th  of  September,  1815,  and  ratified  at  the  same  date  as  the  above.  In  this,  the  treaty  of  1804 
was  re-affirmed,  and  the  Sacs  here  represented  promised  for  themselves  and  their  bands  to  keep 
entirely  separate  from  the  Sacs  of  Rock  River,  who,  under  Black  Hawk,  had  joined  the  British 
in  the  war  just  then  closed. 

3.     Treaty  with  the  Foxes.— A  separate  treaty  of  peace  was  made  with  the  Foxes  at  Portage 
des  Sioux,  by  the  same  Commissioners,  on  the  14ih  of  September,  1815,  and  ratified  the  same  as 
the  above,  wherein  the  Foxes  re-affirmed  the  treaty  of  St.  Louis,  of  November  3,  1804,  and 
agreed  to  deliver  up  all  their  prisoners  to  the  officer  in  command  at  Fort  Clark,  now  Peoria 
Illinois.  ' 

_  4.  Treaty  with  the  lowas.—A  treaty  of  peace  and  mutual  good  will  was  made  between  the 
United  States  and  the  Iowa  tribe  of  Indians,  at  Portage  des  Sioux,  by  the  same  Commissioners 
as  above,  on  the  16th  of  September,  1815,  at  the  close  of  the  war  with  Great  Britain,  and  ratified 
at  the  same  date  as  the  others. 

5.  _  Treaty  with  the  iSacs  of  Rock  River— Made  at  St.  Louis  on  the  13th  of  May,  1816,  between 
the  United  States  and  the  Sacs  of  Rock  River,  by  the  Commissioners,  William  Clark,  Ninian 
Edwards  and  Auguste  Choteau,  and  ratified  December  80,  1816.  In  this  treaty,  that  of  1804 
was  re-established  and  confirmed  by  twenty-two  chiefs  and  head  men  of  the  Sacs  of  Rock  River, 
and  Black  Hawk  himself  attached  to  it  his  signature,  or,  as  he  said,  "  touched  the  goose  quill." 

6.  li-eaty  of  .X8^4 — On  the  4th  of  August,  1824,  a  treaty  was  made  between  the  United 
States  and  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  in  the  city  of  Washington,  by  William  Clark,  Commissioner, 
wherein  the  Sao  and  Fox  nation  relinquished  their  title  to  all  lands  in  Missouri  and  that  portion 
of  the  southeast  corner  of  Iowa  known  as  the  "  Half-Breed  Tract"  was  set  oif  and  reserved  for 
the  use  of  the  half-breeds  of  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  they  holding  title  in  the  same  manner  as  In- 
dians.    Ratified  January  18,  1825. 

7.  Treaty  of  August  19,  1825. — At  this  date  a  treaty  was  made  by  William  Clark  and  Lewis 
Cass,  at  Prairie  du  Chien,  between  the  United  States  and  the  Chippewas,  Sacs  and  Foxes,  Me- 
nomonees,  Winnebagoes  and  a  portion  of  the  Ottawas  and  Pottawatomies.  In  this  treaty,  in 
order  to  make  peace  between  the  contending  tribes  as  to  the  limits  of  their  respective  hunting 
grounds  in  Iowa,  it  was  agreed  that  the  United  States  Government  should  run  a  boundary  line 
between  the  Sioux,  on  the  north,  and  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  on  the  south,  as  follows : 

Commencing  at  the  mouth  of  the  Upper  Iowa  River,  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Mississippi, 
and  ascending  said  Iowa  River  to  its  west  fork  ;  thence  up  the  fork  to  its  source  ;  thence  cross- 
ing the  fork  of  Red  Cedar  River  in  a  direct  line  to  the  second  or  upper  fork  of  the  Des  Moines 
River ;  thence  in  a  direct  line  to  the  lower  fork  of  the  Calumet  River,  and  down  that  river  to  its 
junction  with  the  Missouri  River. 

8.  Treaty  of  18S0. — On  the  15th  of  July,  1830,  the  confederate  tribes  of  the  Sacs  and  Foxes 
ceded  to  the  United  States  a  strip  of  country  lying  south  of  the  above  line,  twenty  miles  in  width, 
and  extending  along  the  line  aforesaid  from  the  Mississippi  to  the  Des  Moines  River.  The  Sioux 
also,  whose  possessions  were  north  of  the  line,  ceded  to  the  Government,  in  the  same  treaty,  a 
like  strip  on  the  north  side  of  the  boundary.  Thus  the  United  States,  at  the  ratification  of  this 
treaty,  February  24,  1831,  came  into  possession  of  a  portion  of  Iowa  forty  miles  wide,  extend- 
ing along  the  Clark  and  Cass  line  of  1825,  from  the  Mississippi  to  the  Des  Moines  River.  This 
territory  was  known  as  the  "  Neutral  Ground,"  and  the  tribes  on  either  side  of  the  line  were 
allowed  to  fish  and  hunt  on  it  unmolested  till  it  was  made  a  Winnebago  reservation,  and  the 
Winnebagoes  were  removed  to  it  in  1841. 

9.  Treaty  with  the  Sacs  and  Foxes  and  other  Tribes.— At  the  same  time  of  the  above  treaty  re- 
specting the  "  Neutral  Ground"  (July  15,  1880),  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  Western  Sioux,  Omahas, 
lowas  and  Missouris  ceded  to  the  United  States  a  portion  of  the  western  slope  of  Iowa,  the  boun- 
daries of  which  were  defined  as  follows :  Beginning  at  the  upper  fork  of  the  Des  Moines  River, 
and  passing  the  sources  of  the  Little  Sioux  and  Floyd  Rivers,  to  the  fork  of  the  first  creek  that 
falls  into  the  Big  Sioux,  or  Calumet,  on  the  east  side  ;  thence  down  said  creek  and  the  Calumet 


162  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

Kiver  to  the  Missouri  River ;  thence  down  said  Missouri  River  to  the  Missouri  State  line  above 
the  Kansas ;  thence  along  said  line  to  the  northwest  corner  of  said  State ;  thence  to  the  high  lands 
between  the  waters  falling  into  the  Missouri  and  Des  Moines,  passing  to  said  high  lands  along 
the  dividing  ridge  between  the  forks  of  the  Grand  River  ;  thence  along  said  high  lands  or  ridge 
separating  the  waters  of  the  Missouri  from  those  of  the  Des  Moines,  to  a  point  opposite  the  source 
of  the  Boyer  River,  and  thence  in  a  direct  line  to  the  upper  fork  of  the  Des  Moines,  the  place  of 
beginning. 

It  was  understood  that  the  lands  ceded  and  relinquished  by  this  treaty  were  to  be  assigned 
and  allotted,  under  the  direction  of  the  President  of  the  United  States,  to  the  tribes  then  living 
thereon,  or  to  such  other  tribes  as  the  President  might  locate  thereon  for  hunting  and  other  pur- 
poses. In  consideration  of  three  tracts  of  land  ceded  in  this  treaty,  the  United  States  agreed  to 
pay  to  the  Sacs  three  thousand  dollars ;  to  the  Foxes,  three  thousand  dollars  ;  to  the  Sioux, 
two  thousand  dollars ;  to  the  Yankton  and  Santie  bands  of  Sioux,  three  thousand  dollars ;  to  the 
Omahas,  two  thousand  five  hundred  dollars ;  and  to  the  Ottoes  and  Missouris,  two  thousand  five 
hundred  dollars — to  be  paid  annually  for  ten  successive  years.  In  addition  to  these  annuities, 
the  Government  agreed  to  furnish  some  of  the  tribes  with  blacksmiths  and  agricultural  imple- 
ments to  the  amount  of  two  hundred  dollars,  at  the  expense  of  the  United  States,  and  to  set  apart 
three  thousand  dollars  annually  for  the  education  of  the  children  of  these  tribes.  It  does  not 
appear  that  any  fort  was  erected  in  this  territory  prior  to  the  erection  of  Fort  Atkinson  on  the 
Neutral  Ground,  in  1840-41. 

This  treaty  was  made  by  William  Clark,  Superintendent  of  Indian  affairs,  and  Col.  Willoughby 
Morgan,  of  the  United  States  First  Infantry,  and  came  into  effect  by  proclamation,  February 
24,  1831. 

10.  Treaty  with  the  Winnebagoes. — Made  at  Fort  Armstrong,  Rock  Island,  September  15, 1832, 
by  Gen.  Winfield  Scott  and  Hon.  John  Reynolds,  Governor  of  Illinois.  In  this  treaty  the  Win- 
nebagoes ceded  to  the  United  States  all  their  land  lying  on  the  east  side  of  the  Mississippi,  and 
in  part  consideration  therefor  the  United  States  granted  to  the  Winnebagoes,  to  be  held  as  other 
Indian  lands  are  held,  that  portion  of  Iowa  known  as  the  Neutral  Ground.  The  exchange  of  the 
two  tracts  of  country  was  to  take  place  on  or  before  the  1st  day  of  June,  1833.  In  addition  to 
the  Neutral  Ground,  it  was  stipulated  that  the  United  States  should  give  the  Winnebagoes,  begin- 
ning in  September,  1833,  and  continuing  for  twenty-seven  successive  years,  ten  thousand  dollars 
in  specie,  and  establish  a  school  among  them,  with  a  farm  and  garden,  and  provide  other  facili- 
ties for  the  education  of  their  children,  not  to  exceed  in  cost  three  thousand  dollars  a  year,  and 
to  continue  the  same  for  twenty-seven  successive  years.  Six  agriculturists,  twelve  yoke  of  oxen 
and  plows  and  other  farming  tools  were  to  be  supplied  by  the  Government. 

11.  Treaty  of  18S2  with  the  Sacs  and  Foxes. — Already  mentioned  as  the  Black  Hawk  purchase. 

12.  Treaty  of  1836,  with  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  ceding  Keokuk's  Reserve  to  the  United  States; 
for  which  the  Government  stipulated  to  pay  thirty  thousand  dollars,  and  an  annuity  of  ten  thou- 
sand dollars  for  ten  successive  years,  together  with  other  sums  and  debts  of  the  Indians  to 
various  parties. 

13.  Treaty  of  18S7.—0n  the  21st  of  October,  1837,*  treaty  was  made  at  the  city  of  Wash- 
ington, between  Carey  A.  Harris,  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs,  and  the  confederate  tribes  of 
Sacs  and  Foxes,  ratified  February  21, 1838,  wherein  another  slice  of  the  soil  of  Iowa  was  obtained, 
described  in  the  treaty  as  follows:  "A  tract  of  country  containing  1,250,000  acres,  lying  west 
and  adjoining  the  tract  conveyed  by  them  to  the  United  States  in  the  treaty  of  September  21, 
1832.  It  is  understood  that  the  points  of  termination  for  the  present  cession  shall  be  the  north- 
em  and  southern  points  of  said  tract  as  fixed  by  the  survey  made  under  the  authority  of  the 
United  States,  and  that  a  line  shall  be  drawn  between  them  so  as  to  intersect  a  line  extended 
westwardly  from  the  angle  of  said  tract  nearly  opposite  to  Rock  Island,  as  laid  down  in  the  above 
survey,  so  far  as  may  be  necessary  to  include  the  number  of  acres  hereby  ceded,  which  last 
mentioned  line,  it  is  estimated,  will  be  about  twenty-five  miles." 

This  piece  of  land  was  twenty-five  miles  wide  in  the  middle,  and  ran  off  to  a  point  at  both 
ends,  lying  directly  back  of  the  Black  Hawk  Purchase,  and  of  the  same  length. 

14  Treaty  of  Relinquiahment. — At  the  same  date  as  the  above  treaty,  in  the  city  of  Washing- 
ton, Carey  A.  Harris,  Commissioner,  the  Sacs  and  Foxes  ceded  to  the  United  States  all  their 
right  and  interest  in  the  country  lying  south  of  the  boundary  line  between  the  Sacs  and  Foxes 
and  Sioux,  as  described  in  the  treaty  of  August  19,  1825,  and  between  the  Mississippi  and  Mis- 
souri Rivers,  the  United  States  paying  for  the  same  one  hundred  and  sixty  thousand  dollars. 
The  Indians  also  gave  up  all  claims  and  interests  under  the  treaties  previously  made  with  them, 
for  the  satisfaction  of  which  no  appropriations  had  been  made. 

15.  Treaty  of  I84S. — The  last  treaty  was  made  with  the  Sacs  and  Foxes  October  11,  1842; 
ratified  March  23,  1843.  It  was  made  at  the  Sac  and  Fox  agency  (Agency  City),  by  John 
Chambers,  Commissioner  on  behalf  of  the  United  States.  In  this  treaty  the  Sao  and  Fox  Indians 
"  ceded  to  the  United  States  all  their  lands  west  of  the  Mississippi  to  which  they  had  any  claim 
or  title."  By  the  terms  if  this  treaty  they  were  to  be  removed  from  the  country  at  the  expira- 
tion of  three  years,  and  all  who  remained  after  that  were  to  move  at  their  own  expense.  Part 
of  them  were  removed  to  Kansas  in  the  Fall  of  1846,  and  the  rest  the  Spring  following. 


T-^    -%, 


ATTY  AT  LAW,  MAH CHESTER 


HISTORY  OP  THE  STATE  OP  IOWA.  163 


SPANISH  GRANTS. 

While  the  territory  now  embraced  in  the  State  of  Iowa  was  under  Spanish 
rule  as  a  part  of  its  province  of  Louisiana,  certain  claims  to  and  grants  of  land 
were  made  by  the  Spanish  authorities,  with  which,  in  addition  to  the  extinguishment 
of  Indian  titles,  the  United  States  had  to  deal.  It  is  proper  that  these  should 
be  briefly  reviewed. 

Dubuque. — On  the  22d  day  of  September,  1788,  Julien  Dubuque,  a  French- 
man, from  Prairie  du  Chien,  obtained  from  the  Foxes  a  cession  or  lease  of  lands 
on  the  Mississippi  River  for  mining  purposes,  on  the  site  of  the  present  city  of 
Dubuque.  Lead  had  been  discovered  here  eight  years  before,  in  1780,  by  the 
wife  of  Peosta  Fox,  a  warrior,  and  Dubuque's  claim  embraced  nearly  all  the  lead 
bearing  lands  in  that  vicinity.  He  immediately  took  possession  of  his  claim  and 
commenced  mining,  at  the  same  time  making  a  settlement.  The  place  became 
known  as  the  "Spanish  Miners,"  or,  more  commonly,  "Dubuque's  Lead 
Mines." 

In  1796,  Dubuque  filed  a  petition  with  Baron  de  Carondelet,  the  Spanish 
Governor  of  Louisiana,  asking  that  the  tract  ceded  to  him  by  the  Indians  might 
be  granted  to  him  by  patent  from  the  Spanish  Government.  In  this  petition, 
Dubuque  rather  indefinitely  set  forth  the  boundaries  of  this  claim  as  "  about 
seven  leagues  along  the  Mississippi  River,  and  three  leagues  in  width  from  the 
river,"  intending  to  include,  as  is  supposed,  the  river  front  between  the  Little 
Maquoketa  and  the  Tete  des  Mertz  Rivers,  embracing  more  than  twenty  thou- 
sand acres.  Carondelet  granted  the  prayer  of  the  petition,  and  the  grant  was 
subsequently  confirmed  by  the  Board  of  Land  Commissioners  of  Louisiana. 

In  October,  1804,  Dubuque  transferred  the  larger  part  of  his  claim  to 
Auguste  Choteau,  of  St.  Louis,  and  on  the  17th  of  May,  1805,  he  and  Choteau 
jointly  filed  their  claims  with  the  Board  of  Commissioners.  On  the  20th  of 
September,  1806,  the  Board  decided  in  their  favor,  pronouncing  the  claim  to  be 
•  a  regular  Spanish  grant,  made  and  completed  prior  to  the  1st  day  of  October, 
1800,  only  one  member,  J.  B.  C.  Lucas,  dissenting. 

Dubuque  died  March  24,  1810.  The  Indians,  understanding  that  the  claim 
of  Dubuque  under  their  former  act  of  cession  was  only  a  permit  to  occupy  the 
tract  and  work  the  mines  during  his  life,  and  that  at  his  death  they  reverted  to 
them,  took  possession  and  continued  mining  operations,  and  were  sustained  by 
the  military  authority  of  the  United  States,  notwithstanding  the  decision  of  the 
Commissioners.  When  the  Black  Hawk  purchase  was  consummated,  the  Du- 
buque claim  thus  held  by  the  Indians  was  absorbed  by  the  United  States,  as  the 
Sacs  and  Foxes  made  no  reservation  of  it  in  the  treaty  of  1832. 

The  heirs  of  Choteau,  however,  were  not  disposed  to  relinquish  their  claim 
without  a  struggle.  Late  in  1832,  they  employed  an  agent  to  look  after  their 
interests,  and  authorized  him  to  lease  the  right  to  dig  lead  on  the  lands.  The 
miners  who  commenced  work  under  this  agent  were  compelled  by  the  military  to 
abandon  their  operations,  and  one  of  the  claimants  went  to  Galena  to  institute 
legal  proceedings,  but  found  no  court  of  competent  jurisdiction,  although  he  did 
bring  an  action  for  the  recovery  of  a  quantity  of  lead  dug  at  Dubuque,  for  the 
purpose  of  testing  the  title.  Being  unable  to  identify  the  lead,  however,  he  was 
non-suited. 

By  act  of  Congress,  approved  July  2,  1836,  the  town  of  Dubuque  was  sur- 
veyed and  platted.  After  lots  had  been  sold  and  occupied  by  the  purchasers, 
Henry  Choteau  brought  an  action  of  ejectment  against  Patrick  Malony,  who 


164  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

held  land  in  Dubuque  under  a  patent  from  the  United  States,  for  the  recovery 
of  seven  undivided  eighth  parts  of  the  Dubuque  claim,  as  purchased  by  Augusta 
Choteau  in  1804.  The  case  was  tried  in  the  District  Court  of  theUnited  States 
for  the  District  of  Iowa,  and  was  decided  adversely  to  the  plaintiff.  The  case  was 
carried  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  on  a  writ  of  error,  when  it 
was  heard  at  the  December  term,  1853,  and  the  decision  of  the  lower  court  was 
affirmed,  the  court  holding  that  the  permit  from  Carondolet  was  merely  a  lease 
or  permit  to  work  the  mines ;  that  Dubuque  asked,  and  the  Governor  of  Louisiana 
granted,  nothing  more  than  the  "peaceable  possession  "  of  certain  lands  obtained 
from  the  Indians ;  that  Carondelet  had  no  legal  authority  to  make  snch  a  grant 
as  claimed,  and  that,  even  if  he  had,  this  was  but  an  "  inchoate  and  imperfect 
title." 

Criard. — In  1795,  the  Lieutenant  Governor  of  Upper  Louisiana  granted  to 
Basil  Giard  five  thousand  eight  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land,  in  what  is  now 
Clayton  County,  known  as  the  "Giard  Tract."  He  occupied  the  land  during 
the  time  that  Iowa  passed  from  Spain  to  France,  and  from  France  to  the  United 
States,  in  consideration  of  which  the  Federal  Government  granted  a  patent  of 
the  same  to  Giard  in  his  own  right.  His  heirs  sold  the  whole  tract  to  James  H. 
Lockwood  and  Thomas  P.  Burnett,  of  Prairie  du  Chien,  for  three  hundred  dollars. 

Honori. — March  30,  1799,  Zenon  Trudeau,  Acting  Lieutenant  Governor  of 
Upper  Louisiana,  granted  to  Louis  Honori  a  tract  of  land  on  the  site  of  the 
present  town  of  Montrose,  as  follows :  "  It  is  permitted  to  Mr.  Louis  (Fresson) 
Henori,  or  Louis  Honore  Fesson,  to  establish  himself  at  the  head  of  the  rapids 
of  the  River  Des  Moines,  and  his  establishment  once  formed,  notice  of  it  shall  be 
given  to  the  Governor  General,  in  order  to  obtain  for  him  a  commission  of  a  space 
sufficient  to  give  value  to  such  establishment,  and  at  the  same  time  to  render  it 
useful  to  the  commerce  of  the  peltries  of  this  country,  to  watch  the  Indians  and 
keep  them  in  the  fidelity  wh^ch  they  owe  to  His  Majesty." 

Honori  took  immediate  possession  of  his  claim,  which  he  retained  until  1805. 
While  trading  with  the  natives,  he  became  indebted  to  Joseph  Robedoux,  who 
obtained  an  execution  on  which  the  property  was  sold  May  13,  1803,  and  was 
purchased  by  the  creditor.  In  these  proceedings  the  property  was  described  as 
being  "  about  six  leagues  above  the  River  Des  Moines."  Robedoux  died  soon 
after  he  purchased  the  proprerty.  Auguste  Choteau,  his  executor,  disposed  of 
the  Honori  tract  to  Thomas  F.  Reddeck,  in  April,  1805,  up  to  which  time 
Honori  continued  to  occupy  it.  The  grant,  as  made  by  the  Spanish  government, 
was  a  league  square,  but  only  one  mile  square  was  confirmed  by  the  United 
States.  After  the  half-breeds  sold  their  lands,  in  which  the  Honori  grant  was 
included,  various  claimants  resorted  to  litigation  in  attempts  to  invalidate  the 
title  of  the  Reddeck  heirs,  but  it  was  finally  confirmed  by  a  decision  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  in  1839,  and  is  the  oldest  legal  title  to  any 
land  in  the  State  of  Iowa. 

THE  HALF-BREED  TRACT. 

Before  any  permanent  settlement  had  been  made  in  the  Territory  of  Iowa, 
white  adventurers,  trappers  and  traders,  many  of  whom  were  scattered  along 
the  Mississippi  and  its  tributaries,  as  agents  and  employes  of  the  American  Fur 
Company,  intermarried  with  the  females  of  the  Sac  and  Fox  Indians,  producing 
a  race  of  half-breeds,  whose  number  was  never  definitely  ascertained.  There 
were  some  respectable  and  excellent  people  among  them,  children  of  men  of 
some  refinement  and  education.    For  instance :  Dr.  Muir,  a  gentleman  educated 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  165 

at  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  a  surgeon  in  the  United  States  Army,  stationed  at  a 
military  post  located  on  the  present  site  of  Warsaw,  married  an  Indian  woman 
and  reared  his  family  of  three  daughters  in  the  city  of  Keokuk.      Other  exam- 
ples might  be  cited,  but  they  are  probably  exceptions  to  the  general  rule  and 
the  race  is  now  nearly  or  quite  extinct  in  Iowa.  ' 

A  treaty  was  made  at  Washington,  August  4,  1824,  between  the  Sacs  and 
Foxes  and  the  United  States,  by  which  that  portion  of  Lee  County  was  reserved 
to  the  half-breeds  of  those  tribes,  and  which  was  afterward  known  as  "  The 
Half-Breed  Tract."  This  reservation  is  the  triangular  piece  of  land,  containing 
about  119,000  acres,  lying  between  the  Mississippi  andDes  Moines  Rivers.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  north  by  the  prolongation  of  the  northern  line  of  Missouri. 
This  line  was  intended  to  be  a  straight  one,  running  due  east,  which  would  have 
caused  it  to  strike  the  Mississippi  River  at  or  below  Montrose;  but  the  surveyor  who 
run  it  took  no  notice  of  the  change  in  the  variation  of  the  needle  as  he  proceeded 
eastward,  and,  in  consequence,  the  line  he  run  was  bent,  deviating  more  and  more 
to  the  northward  of  a  direct  line  as  he  approached  the  Mississippi,  so  that  it 
struck  that  river  at  the  lower  edge  of  the  town  of  Fort  Madison.  "  This  errone- 
ous line,"  sa,ys  Judge  Mason,  «'has  been  acquiesced  in  as  well  in  fixing  the 
northern  limit  of  the  Half-Breed  Tract  as  in  determining  the  northern  boundary 
line  of  the  State  of  Missouri."  The  line  thus  run  included  in  the  reservation 
a  portion  of  the  lower  part  of  the  city  of  Fort  Madison,  and  all  of  the  present 
townships  of  Van  Buren,  Charleston,  Jefferson,  Des  Moines,  Montrose  and 
Jackson. 

Under  the  treaty  of  1824,  the  half-breeds  had  the  right  to  occupy  the  soil, 
but  could  not  convey  it,  the  reversion  being  reserved  to  the  United  States.  But 
on  the  30th  day  of  January,  1834,  by  act  of  Congress,  this  reversionary  right 
was  relinquished,  and  the  half-breeds  acquired  the  lands  in  fee  simple.  This 
was  no  sooner  done,  than  a  horde  of  speculators  rushed  in  to  buy  land  of  the 
half  breed  owners,  and,  in  many  instances,  a  gun,  a  blanket,  a  pony  or  a  few 
quarts  of  whisky  was  sufficient  for  the  purchase  of  large  estates.  There  was 
a  deal  of  sharp  practice  on  both  sides ;  Indians  would  often  claim  ownership  of 
land  by  virtue  of  being  half-breeds,  and  had  no  difficulty  in  proving  their  mixed 
blood  by  the  Indians,  and  they  would  then  cheat  the  speculators  by  selling  land 
to  which  they  had  no  rightful  title.  On  the  other  hand,  speculators  often 
claimed  land  in  which  they  had  no  ownership.  It  was  diamond  cut  diamond, 
until  at  last  things  became  badly  mixed.  There  were  no  authorized  sur\  eys, 
and  no  boundary  lines  to  claims,  and,  as  a  natural  result,  numerous  conflicts  and 
quarrels  ensued. 

To  settle  these  difficulties,  to  decide  the  validity  of  claims  or  sell  them  for 
the  benefit  of  the  real  owners,  by  act  of  the  Legislature  of  Wisconsin  Territory, 
approved  January  16,  1838,  Edward  Johnstone,  Thomas  S.  Wilson  and  David 
Brigham  were  appointed  Commissioners,  and  clothed  with  power  to  effect  these 
objects.  The  act  provided  that  these  Commissioners  should  be  paid  six  dollars 
a  day  each.  The  commission  entered  upon  its  duties  and  continued  until  the 
next  session  of  the  Legislature,  when  the  act  creating  it  was  repealed,  invalidat- 
ing all  that  had  been  done  and  depriving  the  Commissioners  of  their  pay.  The 
repealing  act,  however,  authorized  the  Commissioners  to  commence  action  against 
the  owners  of  the  Half-Breed  Tract,  to  receive  pay  for  their  services,  in  the  Dis- 
trict Court  of  Lee  County.  Two  judgments  were  obtained,  and  on  execution 
the  whole  of  the  tract  was  sold  to  Hugh  T.  Reid,  the  Sheriff  executing  the 
deed.  Mr.  Reid  sold  portions  of  it  to  various  parties,  but  his  own  title  was 
questioned  and  he  became  involved  in  litigation.     Decisions  in  favor  of  Reid 


166  HISTORY  OP  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

and  those  holding  under  him  were  made  by  both  District  and  Supreme  Courts, 
but  in  December,  1850,  these  decisions  were  finally  reversed  by  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States  in  the  case  of  Joseph  Webster,  plaintiff  in  error,  vs. 
Hugh  T.  Reid,  and  the  judgment  titles  failed.  About  nine  years  before  the 
"judgment  titles  "  were  finally  abrogated  as  above,  another  class  of  titles  were 
brought  into  competition  with  them,  and  in  the  conflict  between  the  two,  the 
final  decision  was  obtained.  These  were  the  titles  based  on  the  "  decree  of 
partition  "  issued  by  the  United  States  District  Court  for  the  Territory  of  Iowa, 
on  the  8th  of  May,  1841,  and  certified  to  by  the  Clerk  on  the  2d  day  of  June  of 
that  year.  Edward  Johnstone  and  Hugh  T.  Reid,  then  law  partners  at  Fort 
Madison,  filed  the  petition  for  the  decree  in  behalf  of  the  St.  Louis  claimants  of 
half-breed  lands.  Francis  S.  Key,  author  of  the  Star  Spangled  Banner,  who 
was  then  attorney  for  the  New  York  Land  Company,  which  held  heavy  interests 
in  these  lands,  took  a  leading  part  in  the  measure,  and  drew  up  the  document  in 
which  it  was  presented  to  the  court.  Judge  Charles  Mason,  of  Burlington,  pre- 
sided. The  plan  of  partition  divided  the  tract  into  one  hundred  and  one  shares 
and  arranged  that  each  claimant  should  draw  his  proportion  by  lot,  and  should 
abide  the  result,  whatever  it  might  be.  The  arrangement  was  entered  into,  the 
lots  drawn,  and  the  plat  of  the  same  filed  in  the  Recorder's  oflBce,  October  6, 
1841.     Upon  this  basis  the  titles  to  land  in  the  Half-Breed  Tract  are  now  held. 


EARLY  SETTLEMENTS. 

The  first  permanent  settlement  by  the  whites  within  the  limits  of  Iowa  was 
made  by  Julien  Dubuque,  in  1788,  when,  with  a  small  party  of  miners,  he  set- 
tled on  the  site  of  the  city  that  now  bears  his  name,  where  he  lived  until  his 
death,  in  1810.  Louis  Honori  settled  on  the  site  of  the  present  town  of  Mon- 
trose, probably  in  1799,  and  resided  there  until  1805,  when  his  property  passed 
into  other  hands.  Of  the  Griard  settlement,  opposite  Prairie  du  Chien,  little  is 
known,  except  that  it  was  occupied  by  some  parties  prior  to  the  commencement 
of  the  present  century,  and  contained  three  cabins  in  1805.  Indian  traders, 
although  not  strictly  to  be  considered  settlers,  had  established  themselves  at 
various  points  at  an  early  date.  A  Mr.  Johnson,  agent  of  the  American  Fur 
Company,  had  a  trading  post  below  Burlington,  where  he  carried  on  traffic  with 
the  Indians  some  time  before  the  United  States  possessed  the  country.  In 
1820,  Le  Moliese,  a  French  trader,  had'  a  station  at  what  is  now  Sandusky,  six 
miles  above  Keokuk,  in  Lee  County.  In  1829,  Dr.  Isaac  Gallaud  made  a  set- 
tlement on  the  Lower  Rapids,  at  what  is  now  Nashville. 

The  first  settlement  in  Lee  County  was  made  in  1820,  by  Dr.  Samuel  C. 
Muir,  a  surgeon  in  the  United  States  army,  who  had  been  stationed  at  Fort 
Edwards,  now  Warsaw,  111.,  and  who  built  a  cabin  where  the  city  of  Keokuk 
now  stands.  Dr.  Muir  was  a  man  of  strict  integrity  and  irreproachable  char- 
acter. While  stationed  at  a  military  post  on  the  Upper  Mississippi,  he  had 
married  an  Indian  woman  of  the  Fox  nation.  Of  his  marriage,  the  following 
romantic  account  is  given  : 

The  post  at  which  he  was  stationed  was  visited  by  a  beautiful  Indian  maiden — whose  native 
name,  unfortunately,  has  not  been  preserved — who,  in  her  dreams,  had  seen  a  white  brave  un- 
moor his  canoe,  paddle  it  across  the  river  and  come  directly  to  her  lodge.  She  felt  assured, 
according  to  the  superstitious  belief  of  her  race,  that,  in  her  dreams,  she  had  seen  her  future 
husband,  and  had  come  to  the  fort  to  find  him.  Meeting  Dr.  Muir,  she  instantly  recognized 
him  as  the  hero  of  her  dream,  which,  with  childlike  innocence  and  simplicity,  she  related  to 
him.  Her  dream  was,  indeed,  prophetic.  Charmed  with  Sophia's  beauty,  innocence  and  devo- 
tion, the  doctor  honorably  married  her ;  but  after  a  while,  the  sneers  and  gibes  of  his  brother 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  167 

officers — less  honorable  than  he,  perhaps — made  him  feel  ashamed  of  his  dark-skinned  wife,  and 
when  his  regiment  was  ordered  down  the  river,  to  Bellefontaine,  it  is  said  he  embraced  ithe 
opportunity  to  rid  himself  of  her,  and  left  her,  never  expecting  to  see  her  again,  and  little 
dreaming  that  she  would  have  the  courage  to  follow  him.  But,  with  her  infant  child,  this  in- 
trepid wife  and  mother  started  alone  in  her  canoe,  and,  after  many  days  of  weary  labor  and  a 
lonely  journey  of  nine  hundred  miles,  she,  at  last,  reached  him.  She  afterward  remarked,  when 
speaking  of  this  toilsome  journey  down  the  river  in  search  of  her  husband,  "  When  I  got  there 
I  was  all  perished  away — so  thin  ! "  The  doctor,  touched  by  such  unexampled  devotion,  took  her 
to  his  heart,  and  ever  after,  until  his  death,  treated  her  with  marked  respect.  She  always  pre- 
sided at  his  table  with  grace  and  dignity,  but  never  abandoned  her  native  style  of  dress.  In 
1819-20,  he  was  stationed  at  Fort  Edward,  but  the  senseless  ridicule  of  sbme  of  his  brother 
officers  on  account  of  his  Indian  wife  induced  him  to  resign  hig  commission. 

After  building  his  cabin,  as  above  stated,  he  leased  his  claim  for  a  term  of  years  to  Otis 
Reynolds  and  John  Culver,  of  St.  Louis,  and  went  to  La  Pointe,  afterward  Galena,  where  he 
practiced  his  profession  for  ten  years,  when  he  returned  to  Keokuk.  His  Indian  wife  bore  to 
him  four  children — Louise  (married  at  Keokuk,  since  dead),  James,  (drowned  at  Keokuk),  Mary 
and  Sophia.  Dr.  Muir  died  suddenly  of  cholera,  in  1832,  but  left  his  property  in  such  condition 
that  it  was  soon  wasted  in  vexatious  litigation,  and  his  brave  and  faithful  wife,  left  friendless  and 
penniless,  became  discouraged,  and,  with  her  children,  disappeared,  and,  it  is  said,  returned  to 
her  people  on  the  Upper  Missouri. 

Messrs.  Reynolds  k  Culver,  who  had  leased  Dr.  Muir's  claim  at  Keokuk, 
subsequently  employed  as  their  agent  Mr.  Moses  Stillwell,  who  arrived  with 
his  family  in  1828,  and  took  possession  of  Muir's  cabin.  His  brothers-in-law, 
Amos  and  Valencourt  Van  Ansdal,  came  with  him  and  settled  near. 

His  daughter,  Margaret  Stillwell  (afterward  Mrs.  Ford)  was  born  in  1831, 
at  the  foot  of  the  rapids,  called  by  the  Indians  Puch-a-she-tuck,  where  Keokuk 
now  stands.     She  was  probably  the  first  white  American  child  born  in  Iowa. 

In  1831,  Mr.  Johnson,  Agent  of  the  American  Fur  Company,  who  had  a 
'station  at  the  foot  of  the  rapids,  removed  to  another  location,  and,  Dr.  Muir 
having  returned  from  Galena,  he  and  Isaac  R.  Campbell  took  the  place  and 
buildings  vacated  by  the  Company  and  carried  on  trade  with  the  Indians  and 
half-breeds.  Campbell,  who  had  first  visited  and  traveled  through  the  southern 
part  of  Iowa,  in  1821,  was  an  enterprising  settler,  and  besides  trading  with  the 
natives  carried  on  a  farm  and  kept  a  tavern. 

Dr.  Muir  died  of  cholera  in  1832. 

In  1830,  James  L.  and  Lucius  H.  Langworthy,  brothers  and  natives  of 
Vermont,  visited  the  Territory  for  the  purpose  of  working  the  lead  mines  at  Du- 
buque. They  had  been  engaged  in  lead  mining  at  Galena,  Illinois,  the  former 
fi-om  as  early  as  1824.  The  lead  mines  in  the  Dubuque  region  were  an  object 
of  great  interest  to  the  miners  about  Galena,  for  they  were  known  to  be  rich  in 
lead  ore.  To  explore  these  mines  and  to  obtain  permission  to  work  them  was 
therefore  eminently  desirable. 

In  1829,  James  L.  Langworthy  resolved  to  visit  the  Dubuque  mmes.  Cross- 
ing the  Mississippi  at  a  point  now  known  as  Dunleith,  in  a  canoe,  and  swim- 
ming his  horse  by  his  side,  he  landed'  on  the  spot  now  known  as  Jones  Street 
Levee.  Before  him  spread  out  a  beautiful  prairie,  on  which  the  city  of  Du- 
buque now  stands.  Two  miles  south,  at  the  mouth  of  Catfish  Creek,  was  a  vil- 
lage of  Sacs  and  Foxes.  Thither  Mr.  Langworthy  proceeded,  and  was  well  re- 
ceived by  the  natives.  He  endeavored  to  obtain  permission  from  them  to  mine 
in  their  hills,  but  this  they  refused.  He,  however,  succeeded  in  gaming  the  con- 
fidence of  the  chief  to  such  an  extent  as  to  be  allowed  to  travel  in  the  interior 
for  three  weeks  and  explore  the  country.  He  employed  two  young  Indians  as 
guides,  and  traversed  in  diff"erent  directions  the  whole  region  lying  between  the 
Maquoketa  and  Turkey  Rivers.  He  returned  to  the  village,  secured  the  good 
will  of  the  Indians,  and,  returning  to  Galena,  formed  plans  for  future  opera- 
tions, to  be  executed  as  soon  as  circumstances  would  permit. 


168  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

In  1830,  with  his  brother,  Lucius  H.,  and  others,  having  obtained  the  con- 
sent of  the  Indians,  Mr.  Langworthy  crossed  the  Mississippi  and  commenced 
mining  in  the  vicinity  around  Dubuque. 

At  this  time,  the  lands  were  not  in  the  actual  possession  of  the  United  States. 
Although  they  had  been  purchased  from  France,  the  Indian  title  had  not  been 
extinguished,  and  these  adventurous  persons  were  beyond  the  limits  of  any  State 
or  Territorial  government.  The  first  settlers  were  therefore  obliged  to  be  their 
own  law-makers,  and  to  agree  to  such  regulations  as  the  exigencies  of  the  case 
demanded.  The  first  act  resembling  civil  legislation  within  the  limits  of  the 
present  State  of  Iowa  was  done  by  the  miners  at  this  point,  in  June,  1830.  They 
met  on  the  bank  of  the  river,  by  the  side  of  an  old  cottonwood  drift  log,  at 
what  is  now  the  Jones  Street  Levee,  Dubuque,  and  elected  a  Committee,  con- 
sisting of  J.  L.  Langworthy,  H.  F.  Lander,  James  McPhetres,  Samuel  Scales, 
and  E.  M.  Wren.  This  may  be  called  the  first  Legislature  in  Iowa,  the  mem- 
bers of  which  gathered  around  that  old  cottonwood  log,  and  agreed  to  and  re- 
ported the  following,  written  by  Mr.  Langworthy,  on  a  half  sheet  of  coarse,  un- 
ruled paper,  the  old  log  being  the  writing  desk  : 

We,  a  Committee  having  been  chosen  to  draft  certain  rules  and  regulations  (laws)  by 
which  we  as  miners  will  be  governed,  and  having  duly  considered  the  subject,  do  unanimously 
agree  that  we  will  be  governed  by  the  regulations  on  the  east  side  of  the  Mississippi  River,*  with 
the  following  exceptions,  to  wit : 

Abticle  I.  That  each  and  every  man  shall  hold  200  yards  square  of  ground  by  working 
said  ground  one  day  in  six. 

ARTifiLB  II.  We  further  agree  that  there  shall  be  chosen,  by  the  majority  of  the  miners 
present,  a  person  who  shall  hold  this  article,  and  who  shall  grant  letters  of  arbitration  on  appli- 
cation having  been  made,  and  that  said  letters  of  arbitration  shall  be  obligatory  on  the  parties  ao 
applying. 

The  report  was  accepted  by  the  miners  present,  who  elected  Dr.  Jarote,  in 
accordance  with  Article  2.  Here,  then,  we  have,  in  1830,  a  primitive  Legisla- 
ture elected  by  the  people,  the  law  drafted  by  it  bemg  submitted  to  the  people 
for  approval,  and  under  it  Dr.  Jarote  was  elected  first  Governor  within  the 
limits  of  the  present  State  of  Iowa.  And  it  is  to  be  said  that  the  lavs  thus 
enacted  were  as  promptly  obeyed,  and  the  acts  of  the  executive  ofiicer  thus 
elected  as  duly  respected,  as  any  have  been  since. 

The  miners  who  had  thus  erected  an  independent  government  of  their  own 
on  the  west  side  of  the  Mississippi  River  continued  to  work  successfully  for  a 
long  time,  and  the  new  settlement  attracted  considerable  attention.  But  the 
west  side  of  the  Mississippi  belonged  to  the  Sac  and  Fox  Indians,  and  the  Gov- 
ernment, in  order  to  preserve  peace  on  the  frontier,  as  well  as  to  protect  the 
Indians  in  their  rights  under  the  treaty,  ordered  the  settlers  not  only  to  stop 
mining,  but  to  remove  from  the  Indian  territory.  They  were  simply  intruders. 
The  execution  of  this  order  was  entrusted  to  Col.  Zachary  Taylor,  then  in  com- 
mand of  the  military  post  at  Prairie  du  Chien,  who,  early  in  July,  sent  an  officer 
to  the  miners  with  orders  to  forbid  settlement,  and  to  command  the  miners  to- 
remove  within  ten  days  to  the  east  side  of  the  Mississippi,  or  they  would  be 
driven  off  by  armed  force.  The  miners,  however,  were  reluctant  about  leaving 
the  rich  "leads"  they  had  already  discovered  and  opened,  and  were  not  dis- 
posed to  obey  the  order  to  remove  with  any  considerable  degree  of  alacrity.  In 
due  time.  Col.  Taylor  dispatched  a  detachment  of  troops  to  enforce  his  order.  The 
miners,  anticipating  their  arrival,  had,  excepting  three,  recrossed  the  river,  and 
from  the  east  bank  saw  the  troops  land  on  the  western  shore.  The  three  who 
had  lingered  a  little  too  long  were,  however,  permitted  to  make  their  escape 

*  Established  by  the  Superintendent  of  U.  S.  Lead  Mines  at  Fever  Eiyer. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  169 

unmolested.  From  this  time,  a  military  force  was  stationed  at  Dubuque  to 
prevent  the  settlers  from  returning,  until  June,  1832.  The  Indians  returned 
and  were  encouaged  to  operate  the  rich  mines  opened  by  the  late  white 
occupants. 

In  June,  1832,  the  troops  were  ordered  to  the  east  side  to  assist  in  the 
annihilation  of  the  very  Indians  whose  rights  they  had  been  protecting  on  the 
west  side.  Immediately  after  the  close  of  the  Black  Hawk  war,  and  the  negotia- 
tions of  the  treaty  in  September,  1832,  by  which  the  Sacs  and  Foxes  ceded  to 
the  United  States  the  tract  known  as  the  "Black  Hawk  Purchase,"  the  set- 
tlers, supposing  that  now  they  had  a  right  to  re-enter  the  territory,  returned 
and  took  possession  of  their  claims,  built  cabins,  erected  furnaces  and  prepared 
large  quantities  of  lead  for  market.  Dubuque  was  iiecoming  a  noted  place  on 
the  river,  but  the  prospects  of  the  hardy  and  enterprising  settlers  and  miners 
were  again  ruthlessly  interfered  with  by  the  Government,  on-  the  ground  that 
the  treaty  with  the  Indians  would  not  go  into  force  until  June  1, 1833,  although 
they  had  .withdrawn  from  the  vicinity  of  the  settlement.  Col.  Taylor  was  again 
ordered  by  the  War  Department  to  remove  the  miners,  and  in  January,  1833, 
troops  were  again  sent  from  Prairie  du  Chien  to  Dubuque  for  that  purpose. 
This  was  a  serious  and  perhaps  unnecessary  hardship  imposed  upon  the  settlers. 
They  were  compelled  to  abandon  their  cabins  and  homes  in  mid-winter.  It 
must  now  be  said,  simply,  that  "red  tape"  should  be  respected.  The  purchase 
had  been  made,  the  treaty  ratified,  or  was  sure  to  be ;  the  Indians  had  retired, 
and,  after  the  lapse  of  nearly  fifty  years,  no  very  satisfactory  reason  for  this 
rigorous  action  of  the  Government  can  be  given. 

But  the  orders  had  been  given,  and  there  was  no  alternative  but  to  obey. 
Many  of  the  settlers  recrossed  the  river,  and  did  not  return;  a  few,  however, 
removed  to  an  island  near  the  east  bank  of  the  river,  built  rude  cabins  of  poles, 
in  which  to  store  their  lead  until  Spring,  when  they  could  float  the  fruits  of 
their  labor  to  St.  Louis  for  sale,  and  where  they  could  remain  until  the  treaty 
went  into  force,  when  they  could  return.  Among  these  were  James  L.  Lang- 
worthy,  and  his  brother  Lucius,  who  had  on  hand  about  three  hundred  thousand 
pounds  of  lead. 

Lieut.  Covington,  who  had  been  placed  in  command  at  Dubuque  by  Col. 
Taylor,  ordered  some  of  the  cabins  of  the  settlers  to  be  torn  down,  and  wagons 
and  other  property  to  be  destroyed.  This  wanton  and  inexcusable  action  on 
the  part  of  a  subordinate  clothed  with  a  little  brief  authority  was  sternly 
rebuked  by  Col.  Taylor,  and  Covington  was  superseded  by  Lieut.  George  "Wil- 
son, who  pursued  a  just  and  friendly  course  with  the  pioneers,  who  were  only 
waiting  for  the  time  when  they  could  repossess  their  claims. 

June  1, 1833,  the  treaty  formally  went  into  effect,  the  troops  were  withdrawn, 
and  the  Langworthy  brothers  and  a  few  others  at  once  returned  and  resumed 
possession  of  their  home  claims  and  mineral  prospects,  and  from  this  time  the 
first  permanent  settlement  of  this  portion  of  Iowa  must  date.  Mr.  John  P. 
Sheldon  was  appointed  Superintendent  of  the  mines  by  the  Government,  and  a 
system  of  permits  to  miners  and  licenses  to  smelters  was  adopted,  similar  to  that 
which  had  been  in  operation  at  Galena,  since  1825,  under  Lieut.  Martin  Thomas 
and  Capt.  Thomas  C.  Legate.  Substantially  the  primitive  law  enacted  by  the 
miners  assembled  around  that  old  cottonwood  drift  log  in  1830  was  adopted  and 
enforced  by  the  United  States  Government,  except  that  miners  were  required  to 
sell  their  mineral  to  licensed  smelters  and  the  smelter  was  required  to  give  bonds 
for  the  payment  of  six  per  cent,  of  all  lead  manufactured  to  the  Government. 
This  was  the  same  rule  adopted  in  the  United  States  mines  on  Fever  Kiver  in 


170  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

Illinois,  except  that,  until  1830,  the  Illinois  miners  were  compelled  to  pay  10 
per  cent.  tax.  This  tax  upon  the  miners  created  much  dissatisfaction  among 
the  miners  on  the  west  side  as  it  had  on  the  east  side  of  the  Mississippi.  They 
thought  they  had  suffered  hardships  and  privations  enough  in  opening  the  way 
for  civilization,  without  being  subjected  to  the  imposition  of  an  odious  Govern- 
ment tax  upon  their  means  of  subsistence,  when  the  Federal  Government  could 
better  afford  to  aid  than  to  extort  from  them.  The  measure  soon  became  unpop- 
ular. It  was  difficult  to  collect  the  taxes,  and  the  whole  system  was  abolished 
in  about  ten  years. 

During  1833,  after  the  Indian  title  was  fully  extinguished,  about  five  hun- 
dred people  arrived  at  the  mining  district,  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  of  them 
from  Galena. 

In  the  same  year,  Mr.  Langworthy  assisted  in  building  the  first  school  house 
in  Iowa,  and  thus  was  formed  the  nucleus  of  the  now  populous  and  thriving 
City  of  Dubuque.  Mr.  Langworthy  lived  to  see  the  naked  prairie  on  which  he 
first  landed  become  the  site  of  a  city  of  fifteen  thousand  inhabitants,  the  small 
school  house  which  he  aided  in  constructing  replaced  by  three  substantial  edifices, 
wherein  two  thousand  children  were  being  trained,  churches  erected  in  every 
part  of  the  city,  and  railroads  connecting  the  wilderness  which  he  first  explored 
with  all  the  eastern  world.  He  died  suddenly  on  the  13th  of  March,  1865, 
while  on  a  trip  over  the  Dubuque  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  at  Monticello, 
and  the  evening  train  brought  the  news  of  his  death  and  his  remains. 

Lucius  H.  Langworthy,  his  brother,  was  one  of  the  most  worthy,  gifted  and 
mfluential  of  the  old  settlers  of  this  section  of  Iowa.  He  died,  greatly  lamented 
by  many  friends,  in  June,  1866. 

The  name  Dubuque  was  given  to  the  settlement  by  the  miners  at  a  meeting 
held  in  1834. 

In  1832,  Captain  James  White  made  a  claim  on  the  present  site  of  Montrose. 
In  1834,  a  military  post  was  established  at  this  point,  and  a  garrison  of  cavalry 
was  stationed  here,  under  tlie  command  of  Col.  Stephen  W.  Kearney.  The 
soldiers  were  removed  from  this  post  to  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kansas,  in  1837. 

During  the  same  year,  1832,  soon  after  the  close  of  the  Black  Hawk  War, 
Zachariah  Hawkins,  Benjamin  Jennings,  Aaron  White,  Augustine  Horton, 
Samuel  Gooch,  Daniel  Thompson  and  Peter  Williams  made  claims  at  Fort 
Madison.  In  1833,  these  claims  were  purchased  by  John  and  Nathaniel 
Knapp,  upon  which,  in  1835,  they  laid  out  the  town.  The  next  Summer,  lots 
were  sold.  The  town  was  subsequently  re-surveyed  and  platted  by  the  United 
States  Government. 

At  the  close  of  the  Black  Hawk  War,  parties  who  had  been  impatiently 
looking  across  upon  "Flint  Hills,"  now  Burlington,  came  over  from  Illinois 
and  made  claims.  The  first  was  Samuel  S.  White,  in  the  Fall  of  1832,  who 
erected  a  cabin  on  the  site  of  the  city  of  Burlington.  About  the  same  time, 
David  Tothero  made  a  claim  on  the  prairie  about  three  miles  back  from  the 
river,  at  a  place  since  known  as  the  farm  of  Judge  Morgan.  In  the  Winter  of 
that  year,  they  were  driven  off  by  the  military  from  Rock  Island,  as  intruders 
upon  the  rights  of  the  Indians,  and  White's  cabin  was  burnt  by  the  soldiers. 
He  retired  to  Illinois,  where  he  spent  the  Winter,  and  in  the  Summer,  as  soon 
as  the  Indian  title  was  extinguished,  returned  and  rebuilt  his  cabin.  White 
was  joined  by  his  brother-in-law,  Doolittle,  and  they  laid  out  the  original  town 
of  Burlington  in  1834. 

All  along  the  river  borders  of  the  Black  Hawk  Purchase  settlers  were  flocking 
into  Iowa.     Immediately  after  the  treaty  with  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  in  Septem- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  171 

ber,  1832,  Col.  George  Davenport  made  the  first  claim  on  the  spot  where  the 
thriving  city  of  Davenport  now  stands.  As  early  as  1827,  Col.  Davenport  had 
established  a  flatboat  ferry,  which  ran  between  the  island  and  the  main  shore  of 
Iowa,  by  which  he  carried  on  a  trade  with  the  Indians  west  of  the  Mississippi. 
In  1833,  Capt.  Benjamin  W.  Clark  moved  across  from  Illinois,  and  laid  the 
foundation  of  the  town  of  Buffalo,  in  Scott  County,  which  was  the  first  actual 
settlement  within  the  limits  of  that  county.  Among  other  early  settlers  in  this 
part  of  the  Territory  were  Adrian  H.  Davenport,  Col.  John  Sullivan,  Mulli^ 
gan  and  Franklin  Easly,  Capt.  John  Coleman,  J.  M.  Camp,  William  White, 
H.  W.  Higgins,  Cornelius  Harrold,  Richard  Harrison,  E.  H.  Shepherd  and 
Dr.  E.  S.  Barrows 

The  first  settlers  of  Davenport  were  Antoine  LeClaire,  Col.  George  Daven- 
port, Major  Thomas  Smith,  Major  William  Gordon,  Philip  Hambough,  Alexan- 
der W.  McGregor,  Levi  S.  Colton,  Capt.  James  May  and  others.  Of  Antoine 
LeClaire,  as  the  representative  of  the  two  races  of  men  who  at  this  time  occu- 
pied Iowa,  Hon.  C.  C.  Nourse,  in  his  admirable  Centennial  Address,  says : 
"  Antoine  LeClaire  was  born  at  St.  Joseph,  Michigan,  in  1797.  His  father 
was  Erench,  his  mother  a  granddaughter  of  a  Pottowatomie  chief  In  1818, 
he  acted  as  official  interpreter  to  Col.  Davenport,  at  Fort  Armstrong  (now  Rock 
Island).  He  was  well  acquainted  with  a  dozen  Indian  dialects,  and  was  a  man 
of  strict  integrity  and  great  energy.  In  1820,  he  married  the  granddaughter 
of  a  Sac  chief.  The  Sac  and  Fox  Indians  reserved  for  him  and  his  wife  two 
sections  of  land  in  the  treaty  of  1833,  one  at  the  town  of  LeClaire  and  one  at 
Bavenport.  The  Pottawatomies,  in  the  treaty  at  Prairie  du  Chien,  also 
reserved  for  him  two  sections  of  land,  at  the  present  site  of  Moline,  111.  He 
received  the  appointment  of  Postmaster  and  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  the  Black 
Hawk  Purchase,  at  an  early  day.  In  1833,  ho  bought  for  $100  a  claim  on  the 
land  upon  which  the  original  town  of  Davenport  was  surveyed  and  platted  in 
1836.  In  1836,  LeClaire  built  the  hotel,  known  since,  with  its  valuable  addi- 
tion, as  the  LeClaire  House.     He  died  September  25, 1861." 

In  Clayton  County,  the  first  settlement  was  made  in  the  Spring  of  1832, 
on  Turkey  River,  by  Robert  Hatfield  and  William  W.  Wayman.  No  further 
settlement  was  made  in  this  part  of  the  State  till  the  beginning  of  1836. 

In  that  portion  now  known  as  Muscatine  County,  settlements  were  made  in 
1834,  by  Benjamin  Nye,  John  Vanater  and  G.  W.  Kasey,  who  were  the  first 
Settlers.  E.  E.  Fay,  William  St.  John,  N.  Fullington,  H.  Reece,  Jona  Petti- 
bone,  R.  P.  Lowe,  Stephen  Whicher,  Abijah  Whiting,  J.  E.  Fletcher,  W.  D. 
Abernethy  and  Alexis  Smith  were  early  settlers  of  Muscatine. 

During  the  Summer  of  1835,  William  Bennett  and  his  family,  from  Galena, 
built  the  first  cabin  within  the  present  limits  of  Delaware  County,  in  some 
timber  since  known  as  Eads'  Grove. 

The  first  post  office  in  Iowa  was  established  at  Dubuque  in  1833.  Milo  H. 
Prentice  was  appointed  Postmaster. 

The  first  Justice  of  the  Peace  was  Antoine  Le  Claire,  appointed  in  1833,  as 
"a- very  suitable  person  to  adjust  the  diificulties  between  the  white  settlers  and 
the  Indians  still  remaining  there." 

The  first  Methodist  Society  in  the  Territory  was  formed  at  Dubuque  on 
the  18th  of  May,  1884,  and  the  first  class  meeting  was  held  June  1st  of  that 
year. 

The  first  church  bell  brought  into  Iowa  was  in  March,  1834. 

The  firstmassof  the  Roman  Catholic  Church  in  the  Territory  was  celebrated 
at  Dubuque,  in  the  house  of  Patrick  Quigley,  in  the  Fall  of  1833. 


172  HISTORY  OP  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

The  first  school  house  in  the  Territory  was  erected  by  the  Dubuque  miners 
in  1833. 

The  first  Sabbath  school  was  organized  at  Dubuque  early  in  the  Summer 
of  1834. 

The  first  woman  who  came  to  this  part  of  the  Territory  with  a  view  to  per- 
manent residence  was  Mrs.  Noble  F.  Dean,  in  the  Fall  of  1832. 

The  first  family  that  lived  in  this  part  of  Iowa  was  that. of  Hosea  T.  Camp, 
in  1832. 

The  first  meeting  house  was  built  by  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  at 
Dubuque,  in  1834. 

The  first  newspaper  in  Iowa  was  the  Dubuque  Visitor,  issued  May  11th,  1836. 
John  King,  afterward  Judge  King,  was  editor,  and  William  C.  Jones,  printer. 

The  pioneers  of  Iowa,  as  a  class,  were  brave,  hardy,  intelligent  and 
enterprising  people. 

As  early  as  1824,  a  French  trader  named  Hart  had  established  a  trading 
post,  and  built  a  cabin  on  the  bluffs  above  the  large  spring  now  known  as 
"Mynster  Spring,"  within  the  limits  of  the  present  city  of  Council  Bluffs,  and 
had  probably  been  there  some  time,  as  the  post  was  known  to  the  employes  of  • 
the  American  Fur  Company  as  Lacote  de  Hart,  or  "  Hart's  Bluff."  In  1827, 
an  agent  of  the  American  Fur  Company,  Francis  Guittar,  with  others,  encamped  "! 
in  the  timber  at  the  foot  of  the  bluffs,  about  on  the  present  location  of  Broad- 
way, and  afterward  settled  there.  In  1839,  a  block  house  was  built  on  the 
bluff  in  the  east  part  of  the  city.  The  Pottawatomie  Indians  occupied  this  part 
of  the  State  until  1846-7,  when  they  relinquished  the  territory  and  removed  to 
Kansas.  Billy  Caldwell  was  then  principal  chief.  There  were  no  white  settlers 
in  that  part  of  the  State  except  Indian  traders,  until  the  arrival  of  the  Mormons 
under  the  lead  of  Brigham  Young.  These  people  on  their  way  westward  halted 
for  the  Winter  of  1846-7  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  about  five 
miles  above  Omaha,  at  a  place  now  called  Florence.  Some  of  them  had 
reached  the  eastern  bank  of  the  river  the  Spring  before,  in  season  to  plant  a 
crop.  In  the  Spring  of  1847,  Young  and  a  portion  of  the  colony  pursued  their 
journey  to  Salt  Lake,  but  a  large  portion  of  them  returned  to  the  Iowa  side  and 
settled  mainly  within  the  limits  of  Pottawattamie  County.  The  principal  settle- 
ment of  this  strange  community  was  at  a  place  first  called  "Miller's  Hollow," 
on  Indian  Creek,  and  afterward  named  Kanesville,  in  honor  of  Col.  Kane,  of 
Pennsylvania,  who  visited  them  soon  afterward.  The  Mormon  settlement '5; 
extended  over  the  county  and  into  neighboring  counties,  wherever  timber  and 
water  furnished  desirable  locations.  Orson  Hyde,  priest,  lawyer  and  editor,  was 
installed  as  President  of  the  Quorum  of  Twelve,  and  all  that  part  of  the  State 
remained  under  Mormon  control  for  several  years.  In  1846,  they  raised  a  bat- 
talion, numbering  some  five  hundred  men,  for  the  Mexican  war.  In  1848,  Hyde 
started  a  paper  called  the  Frontier  Gfuardian,  at  Kanesville.  In  1849,  after 
many  of  the  faithful  had  left  to  join  Brigham  Young  at  Salt  Lake,  the  Mormons 
in  this  section  of  Iowa  numbered  6,552,  and  in  1850,  7,828,  but  they  were  not 
all  within  the  limits  of  Pottawattamie  County.  This  county  was  organized  in 
1848,  all  the  first  officials  being  Mormons.  In  1852,  the  order  was  promulgated 
that  all  the  true  believers  should  gather  together  at  Salt  Lake.  Gentiles  flocked 
in,  and  in  a  few  years  nearly  all  the  first  settlers  were  gone. 

May  9,  1843,  Captain  James  Allen,  with  a  small  detachment  of  troops  on 
board  the  steamer  lone,  arrived  at  the  present  site  of  the  capital  of  the  State, 
Des  Moines.  The  lone  was  the  first  steamer  to  ascend  the  Des  Moines  River 
to  this  point.     The  troops  and  stores  were  landed  at  what  is  now  the  foot  of 


HISTORY  OP  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  173 

Court  avenue,  Des  Moines,  and  Capt,  Allen  returned  in  the  steamer  to  Fort 
Sanford  to  arrange  for  bringing  up  more  soldiers  and  supplies.  In  due  time 
they,  too,  arrived,  and  a  fort  was  built  near  the  mouth  of  Raccoon  Fork,  at  its 
confluence  with  the  Des  Moines,  and  named  Fort  Des  Moines.  Soon  after  the 
arrival  of  the  troops,  a  trading  post  was  established  on  the  east  side  of  the  river, 
by  two  noted  Indian  traders  named  Ewing,  from  Ohio. 

Among  the  first  settlers  in  this  part  of  Iowa  were  Benjamin  Bryant,  J.  B. 
Scott,  James  Drake  (gunsmith),  John  Sturtevant,  Eobert  Kinzie,  Alexander 
Turner,  Peter  Newcomer,  and  others. 

The  Western  States  have  been  settled  by  many  of  the  best  and  most  enter- 
prising men  of  the  older  States,  and  a  large  immigration  of  the  best  blo6d  of 
the  Old  World,  who,  removing  to  an  arena  of  larger  opportunities,  in  a  more 
fertile  soil  and  congenial  climate,  have  developed  a  spirit  and  an  energy 
peculiarly  Western.  In  no  country  on  the  globe  have  enterprises  of  all  kinds 
been  pushed  forward  with  such  rapidity,  or  has  there  been  such  independence 
and  freedom  of  competition.  Among  those  who  have  pioneered  the  civiliza- 
tion of  the  West,  and  been  the  founders  of  great  States,  none  have  ranked 
higher  in  the  scale  of  intelligence  and  moral  worth  than  the  pioneers  of  Iowa, 
who  came  to  the  territory  when  it  was  an  Indian  country,  and  through  hardship, 
privation  and  suffering,  laid  the  foundations  of  the  populous  and  prosperous 
commonwealth  which  to-day  dispenses  its  blessings  to  a  million  and  a  quarter 
of  people.  From  her  first  settlement  and  from  her  first  organization  as  a  terri- 
tory to  the  present  day,  Iowa  has  had  able  men  to  manage  her  affairs,  wise 
statesmen  to  shape  her  destiny  and  frame  her  laws,  and  intelligent  and  impartial 
jurists  to  administer  justice  to  her  citizens  ;  her  bar,  pulpit  and  press  have  been 
able  and  widely  influential ;  and  in  all  the  professions,  arts,  enterprises  and 
industries  which  go  to  make  up  a  great  and  prosperous  commonwealth,  she  has 
taken  and  holds  a  front  rank  among  her  sister  States  of  the  West. 


TERRITORIAL  HISTORY. 

By  act  of  Congress,  approved  October  31,  1803,  the  President  of  the  United 
States  was  authorized  to  take  possession  of  the  territory  included  in  the 
Louisiana  purchase,  and  provide  for  a  temporary  government.  By  another  act 
of  the  same  session,  approved  March  26,  1804,  the  newly  acquired  country  was 
divided,  October  1, 1804  into  the  Territory  of  Orleans,  south  of  the  thirty-third 
parallel  of  north  latitude,  and  the  district  of  Louisiana,  which  latter  was  placed 
under  the  authority  of  the  officers  of  Indiana  Territory. 

In  1805,  the  District  of  Louisiana  was  organized  as  a  Territory  with  a  gov- 
ernment of  its  own.  In  1807,  Iowa  was  included  in  the  Territory  of  Illinois, 
and  in  1812  in  the  Territory  of  Missouri.  When  Missouri  was  admitted  as  a 
State,  March  2,  1821,  "Iowa,"  says  Hon.  C.  C.  Nourse,  "was  left  a  political 
orphan,"  until  by  act  of  Congress,  approved  June  28,  1834,  the  Black  Hawk 
purchase  having  been  made,  all  the  territory  west  of  the  Mississippi  and  north 
of  the  northern  boundary  of  Missouri,  was  made  a  part  of  Michigan  Territory. 
Up  to  this  time  there  had  been  no  county  or  other  organization  in  what  is  now 
the  State  of  Iowa,  although  one  or  two  Justices  of  the  Peace  had  been  appointed 
and  a  post  office  was  established  at  Dubuque  in  1833.  In  September,  1834, 
however,  the  Territorial  Legislature  of  Michigan  created  two  counties  on  the 
west  side  of  the  Mississippi  River,  viz. :  Dubuque  and  Des  Moines,  separated 
by  a  line  drawn  westward  from  the  foot  of  Rock  Island.     These  counties  were 


174  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

partially  organized.  John  King  was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of  Dubuque 
County,  and  Isaac  Leffler,  of  Burlington,  of  Des  'Moines  County.  Two- 
Associate  Justices,  in  each  county,  were  appointed  by  the  Governor. 

On  the  first  Monday  in  October,  1835,  Gen.  George  W.  Jones,  now  a  citi- 
zen of  Dubuque,  was  elected  a  Delegate  to  Congress  from  this  part  of  Michigan 
Territory.  On  the  20th  of  April,  1836,  through  the  efforts  of  Gen.  Jones, 
Congress  passed  a  bill  creating  the  Territory  of  Wisconsin,  which  went  into 
operation,  July  4,  1836,  and  Iowa  was  then  included  in 

THE  TERRITORY   OF   WISCONSIN, 

of  which  Gen.  Henry  Dodge  was  appointed  Governor;  John  S.  Horner,  Secre- 
tary of  the  Territory  ;  Charles  Dunn,  Chief  Justice ;  David  Irwin  and  Wilham 
C.  Frazer,  Associate  Justices. 

■  September  9, 1836,  Governor  Dodge  ordered  the  census  of  the  new  Territory 
to  be  taken.  This  census  resulted  in  showing  a  population  of  10,531  in  the 
counties  of  Dubuque  and  Des  Moines.  Under  the  apportionment,  these  two 
counties  were  entitled  to  six  members  of  the  Council  and  thirteen  of  the  House 
of  Representatives.  The  Governor  issued  his  proclamation  for  an  election  to  be 
held  on  the  first  Monday  of  October,  1836,  on  which  day  the  following  members 
of  the  First  Territorial  Legislature  of  Wisconsin  were  elected  from  the  two 
counties  in  the  Black  Hawk  purchase : 

Dubuque  County. — Council:  John  Fally,  Thomas  McKnight,  Thomas  Mc- 
Craney.  Souse :  Loring  Wheeler,  Hardin  Nowlan,  Peter  Hill  Engle,  Patrick 
Quigley,  Hosea  T.  Camp. 

I)es  Moines  County. — Council:  Jeremiah  Smith,  Jr.,  Joseph  B.  Teas, 
Arthur B.  Ingram.  House:  Isaac  Leffler,  Thomas  Blair,  Warren  L.  Jenkins, 
John  Box,  George  W.  Teas,  Eli  Reynolds,  David  R.  Chance. 

The  first  Legislature  assembled  at  Belmont,  in  the  present  State  of  Wiscon- 
sin, on  the  25th  day  of  October,  1836,  and  was  organized  by  electing  Henry  T. 
Baird  President  of  the  Council,  and  Peter  Hill  Engle,  of  Dubuque,  Speaker  of 
the  House.     It  adjourned  December  9, 1836. 

The  second  Legislature  assembled  at  Burlington,  November  10,  1837. 
Adjourned  January  20,  1838.  The  third  session  was  at  Burlington;  com- 
menced June  1st,  and  adjourned  June  12,  1838. 

During  the  first  session  of  the  Wisconsin  Territorial  Legislature,  in  1836, 
the  county  of  Des  Moines  was  divided  into  Des  Moines,  Lee,  Van  Buren,  Henry, 
Muscatine  and  Cook  (the  latter  being  subsequently  changed  to  Scott)  and  defined 
their  boundaries.  During  the  second  session,  out  of  the  territory  embraced  in  ■ 
Dubuque  County,  were  created  the  counties  of  Dubuque,  Clayton,  Fayette, 
Delaware,  Buchanan,  Jackson,  Jones,  Linn,  Clinton  and  Cedar,  and  their  boun- 
daries defined,  but  the  most  of  them  were  not  organized  until  several  years 
afterward,  under  the  authority  of  the  Territorial  Legislature  of  Iowa. 

The  question  of  a  separate  territorial  organization  for  Iowa,  which  was  then 
a  part  of  Wisconsin  Territory,  began  to  be  agitated  early  in  the  Autumn  of 
1837.  The  wishes  of  the  people  found  expression  in  a  convention  held  at  Bur- 
lington on  the  1st  of  November,  which  memorialized  Congress  to  organize  a 
Territory  west  of  the  Mississippi,  and  to  settle  the  boundary  line  between  Wis- 
consin Territory  and  Missouri.  The  Territorial  Legislature  of  Wisconsin,  then 
in  session  at  Burlington,  joined  in  the  petition.  Gen.  George  W.  Jones,  of 
Dubuque,  then  residing  at  Sinsinawa  Mound,  in  what  is  now  Wisconsin,  was 
Delegate  to  Congress  from  Wisconsin  Territory,  and  labored  so  earnestly  and 
successfully,  that  "  An  act  to  divide  the  Territory  of  Wisconsin,  and  to  estab- 


HISTOKY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  175 

lish  the  Territorial  Government  of  Iowa,"  was  approved  June  12, 1838  to  take 
effect  and  be  in  force  on  and  after  July  3,  1838.  The  new  Territory  embraced 
"all  that  part  of  the  present  Territory  of  Wisconsin  which  lies  west  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi River,  and  west  of  a  line  drawn  due  north  from  the  head  water  or 
sources  of  the  Mississippi  to  the  territorial  line."  The  organic  act  provided 
for  a  Governor,  whose  term  of  office  should  be  three  years,  and  for  a  Secretary, 
Chief  Justice,  two  Associate  Justices,  and  Attorney  and  Marshal,  who  should 
serve  four  years,  to  be  appointed  by  the  President,  by  and  with  the  advice  and 
consent  of  the  Senate.  The  act  also  provided  for  the  election,  by  the  white 
male  inhabitants,  citizens  of  the  United  States,  over  twenty-one  years  of  ao-e, 
of  a  House  of  Representatives,  consisting  of  twenty-six  members,  and  a  Council, 
to  consist  of  thirteen  members.  It  also  appropriated  |5, 000  for  a  public  library, 
and  $20,000  for  the  erection  of  public  buildings. 

President  Van  Buren  appointed  Ex-Governor  Robert  Lucas,  of  Ohio,  to  be 
the  first  Governor  of  the  new  Territory.  William  B.  Conway,  of  Pittsburgh, 
was  appointed  Secretary  of  the  Territory;  Charles  Mason,  of  Burlington, 
Chief  Justice,  and  Thomas  S.  Wilson,  of  Dubuque,  and  Joseph  Williams,  of 
Pennsylvania,  Associate  Judges  of  the  Supreme  and  District  Courts;  Mr.  Van 
Allen,  of  New  York,  Attorney;  Francis  Gehon,  of  Dubuque,  Marshal;  Au- 
gustus C.  Dodge,  Register  of  the  Land  Office  at  Burlington,  and  Thomas  Mc- 
Knigbt,  Receiver  of  the  Land  Office  at  Dubuque.  Mr.  Van  Allen,  the  District 
Attorney,  died  at  Rockingham,  soon  after  his  appointment,  and  Col.  Charles 
Weston  was  appointed  to  fill  his  vacancy.  Mr.  Conway,  the  Secretary,  also 
died  at  Burlington,  during  the  second  session  of  the  Legislature,  and  James 
Clarke,  editor  of  the  G-azette,  was  arppointed  to  succeed  him. 

Immediately  after  his  arrival,  Governor  Lucas  issued  a  proclamation  for  the 
election  of  members  of  the  first  Territorial  Legislature,  to  be  held  on  the  10th 
of  September,  dividing  the  Territory  into  election  districts  for  that  purpose,  and 
appointing  the  12th  day  of  November  for  meeting  of  the  Legislature  to  be 
elected,  at  Burlington. 

The  first  Territorial  Legislature  was  elected  in  September  and  assembled  at 
Burlington  on  the  12th  of  November,  and  consisted  of  the  following  members : 

@ouneil. — Jesse  B.  Brown,  J.  Keith,  E.  A.  M.  Swazey,  Arthur  Ingram, 
Robert  Ralston,  George  Hepner,  Jesse  J.  Payne,  D.  B.  Hughes,  James  M. 
Clark,  Charles  Whittlesey,  Jonathan  W.  Parker,  Warner  Lewis,  Stephen 
Hempstead. 

Eouse. — William  Patterson,  Hawkins  Taylor,  Calvin  J.  Price,  James 
Brierly,  Jam^s  Hall,  Gideon  S.  Bailey,  Samuel  Parker,  James  W.  Grimes, 
George  Temple,  Van  B.  Delashmutt,  Thomas  Blair,  George  H.  Beeler,* 
William  G.  Coop,  William  H.  Wallace,  Asbury  B.  Porter,  John  Frierson, 
William  L.  Toole,  Levi  Thornton,  S.  C.  Hastings,  Robert  G.  Roberts,  Laurel 
Summers,!  Jabez  A.  Burchard,  Jr.,  Chauncey  Swan,  Andrew  Bankson,  Thomas 
Cox  and  Hardin  Nowlin. 

Notwithstanding  a  large  majority  of  the  members  of  both  branches  of  the 
Legislature  were  Democrats,  yet  Gen.  Jesse  B.  Browne  (Whig),  of  Lee  County, 
was  elected  President  of  the  Council,  and  Hon.  William  H.  Wallace  (Whig),  of 
Henry  County,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives— the  former  unani- 
mously and  the  latter  with  but  little  opposition.     At  that  time,  national  politics 

*  Cyras  S.  Jacobs,  who  was  elected  for  Des  Moines  County,  was  killed  in  an  unfortunate  encounter  at  Burlington 
before  the  meeting  of  the  Legislature,  and  Mr.  Beeler  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy. 

t  Samuel  E.  Murray  was  returned  as  elected  from  Clinton  County,  but  bis  seat  was  Bucceesfully  contested  bj' 
Burchard. 


176  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

were  little  heeded  by  the  people  of  the  new  Territory,  but  in  1840,  during  the 
Presidential  campaign,  party  lines  were  strongly  drawn. 

At  the  election  in  September,  1838,  for  members  of  the  Legislature,  a  Con- 
gressional Delegate  was  also  elected.  There  were  four  candidates,  viz. :  William 
W.  Chapman  and  David  Rohrer,  of  Des  Moines  County ;  B.  F.  Wallace,  of 
Henry  County,  and  P.  H.  Engle,  of  Dubuque  County.  Chapman  was  elected, 
receiving  a  majority  of  thirty-six  over  Engle. 

The  first  session  of  the  Iowa  Territorial  Legislature  was  a  stormy  and  excit- 
ing one.  By  the  organic  law,  the  Governor  was  clothed  with  almost  unlimited 
veto  power.  Governor  Lucas  seemed  disposed  to  make  free  use  of  it,  and  the 
independent  Hawkeyes  could  not  quietly  submit  to  arbitrary  and  absolute  rule, 
and  the  result  was  an  unpleasant  controversy  between  the  Executive  and  Legis- 
lative departments.  Congress,  however,  by  act  approved  March  3,  1839, 
amended  the  organic  law  by  restricting  the  veto  power  of  the  Governor  to  the 
two-thirds  rule,  and  took  from  him  the  power  to  appoint  Sheriffs  and  Magistrates. 

Among  the  first  important  matters  demanding  attention  was  the  location  of 
the  seat  of  government  and  provision  for  the  erection  of  public  buildings,  for 
which  Congress  had  appropriated  $20,000.  Governor  Lucas,  in  his  message, 
had  recommended  the  appointment  of  Commissioners,  with  a  view  to  making  a 
central  location.  The  extent  of  the  future  State  of  Iowa  was  not  known  or 
thought  of.  Only  on  a  strip  of  land  fifty  miles  wide,  bordering  on  the  Missis- 
sippi River,  was  the  Indian  title  extinguished,  and  a  central  location  meant  some 
central  point  in  the  Black  Hawk  Purchase.  The  friends  of  a  central  location 
supported  the  Governor's  suggestion.  The  southern  members  were  divided 
between  Burlington  and  Mount  Pleasant,  but  finally  united  on  the  latter  as  the 
proper  location  for  the  seat  of  government.  The  central  and  southern  parties 
were  very  nearly  equal,  and,  in  consequence,  much  excitement  prevailed.  The 
central  party  at  last  triumphed,  and  on  the  21st  day  of  January,  1839,  an  act 
was  passed,  appointing  Chauncey  Swan,  of  Dubuque  County ;  John  Ronalds, 
of  Louisa  County,  and  Robert  Ralston,  of  Des  Moines  County,  Commissioners, 
to  select  a  site  for  a  permanent  seat  of  Government  within  the  limits  of  John- 
son County. 

Johnson  County  had  been  created  by  act  of  the  Territorial  Legislature  of 
Wisconsin,  approved  December  21,  1837,  and  organized  by  act  passed  at  the 
special  session  at  Burlington  in  June,  1838,  the  organization  to  date  from  July 
4th,  following.  Napoleon,  on  the  Iowa  River,  a  few  miles  below  the  future 
Iowa  City,  was  designated  as  the  county  seat,  temporarily. 

Then  there  existed  good  reason  for  locating  the  capital  in  the  county.  The- 
Territory  of  Iowa  was  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  British  Possessions ;  east,  by 
the  Mississippi  River  to  its  source ;  thence  by  a  line  drawn  due  north  to  the 
northern  boundary  of  the  United  States;  south,  by  the  State  of  Missouri,  and  west, 
by  the  Missouri  and  White  Earth  Rivers.  But  this  immense  territory  was  in  un- 
disputed possession  of  the  Indians,  except  a  strip  on  the  Mississippi,  known  as 
the  Black  Hawk  Purchase.  Johnson  County  was,  from  north  to  south,  in  the 
geographical  center  of  this  purchase,  and  as  near  the  east  and  west  geographical 
center  of  the  future  State  of  Iowa  as  could  then  be  made,  as  the  boundary  line 
between  the  lands  of  the  United  States  and  the  Indians,  established  by  the 
treaty  of  October  21,  1837,  was  immediately  west  of  the  county  limits. 

The  Commissioners,  after  selecting  the  site,  were  directed  to  lay  out  640 
acres  into  a  town,  to  be  called  Iowa  City,  and  to  proceed  to  sell  lots  and  erect 
public  buildings  thereon.  Congress  having  granted  a  section  of  land  to  he 
selected  by  the  Territory  for  this  purpose.     The  Commissioners  met  at  Napo- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  177 

leon,  Johnson  County,  May  1,  1839,  selected  for  a  site  Section  10,  in  Town- 
ship 79  North  of  Range  6  West  of  the  Fifth  Principal  Meridian,  and  immedi- 
ately surveyed  it  and  laid  oif  the  town.  The  first  sale  of  lots  took  place  August 
16,  1839.  The  site  selected  for  the  public  buildings  was  a  little  west  of  the 
geographical .  center  of  the  section,  where  a  square  of  ten  acres  on  the  elevated 
grounds  overlooking  the  river  was  reserved  for  the  purpose.  The  capitol  is 
located  in  the  center  of  this  square.  The  second  Territorial  Legislature,  which 
assembled  in  November,  1839,  passed  an  act  requiring  the  Commissioners  to 
adopt  such  plan  for  the  building  that  the  aggregate  cost  when  complete  should 
not  exceed  $51,000,  and  if  they  had  already  adopted  a  plan  involving  a  greater 
expenditure  they  were  directed  to  abandon  it.  Plans  for  the  building  were  designed 
and  drawn  by  Mr.  John  F.  Rague,  of  Springfield,  111.,  and  on  the  4th  day  of  tJuly, 
1840,  the  corner  stone  of  the  edifice  was  laid  with  appropriate  ceremonies. 
Samuel  C.  Trowbridge  was  Marshal  of  the  day,  and  Gov.  Lucas  delivered  the 
address  on  that  occasion. 

When  the  Legislature  assembled  at  Burlington  in  special  session,  July  13, 
1840,  Gov.  Lucas  announced  that  on  the  4th  of  that  month  he  had  visited  Iowa 
City,  and  found  the  basement  of  the  capitol  nearly  completed.  A  bill  author- 
izing a  loan  of  $20,000  for  the  building  was  passed,  Jstnuary  15,  1841,  the 
unsold  lots  of  Iowa  City  being  the  security  offered,  but  only  $5,500  was 
obtained  under  the  act. 

THE  BOUNDARY  QUESTION. 

The  boundary  line  between  the  Territory  of  Iowa  and  the  State  of  Missouri 
was  a  difficult  question  to  settle  in  1838,  in  consequence  of  claims  arising  from 
taxes  and  titles,  and  at  one  time  civil  war  was  imminent.  In  defining  the 
bouiidaries  of  the  counties  bordering  on  Missouri,  the  Iowa  authorities  had  fixed 
a  line  that  has  since  been  established  as  the  boundary  between  Iowa  and  Mis- 
souri. The  Constitution  of  Missouri  defined  her  northern  boundary  to  be  the 
parallel  of  latitude  which  passes  through  the  rapids  of  the  Des  Moines  River. 
The  lower  rapids  of  the  Mississippi  immediately  above  the  mouth  of  the  Des 
Moines  River  had  always  been  known  as  the  Des  Moines  Rapids,  or  "the 
rapids  of  the  Des  Moines  River."  The  Missourians  (evidently  not  well  versed 
in  history  or  geography)  insisted  on  running  the  northern  boundary  line  trom 
■the  rapids  in  the  Des  Moines  River,  just  below  Keosauqua,  thus  taking  Irom 
Iowa  a  strip  of  territory  eight  or  ten  miles  wide.  Assuming  this  as  her 
northern  boundary  line,  Missouri  attempted  to  exercise  jurisdiction  over  the 
disputed  territory  by  assessing  taxes,  and  sending  her  Sheriffs  to  collect  them  by 
distraining  the  personal  property  of  the  settlers.  The  lowans,  however  were 
not  disposed  to  submit,  and  the  Missouri  officials  were  arrested  by  the  Sheriffs 
of  Davis  and  Van  Buren  Counties  and  confined  in  jail.  Gov.  Boggs,  ot 
Missouri,  called  out  his  militia  to  enforce  the  claim  and  sustain  the  oihcers  ot 
Missouri.  Gov.  Lucas  called  out  the  militia  of  Iowa,  and  both  parties  made 
active  preparations  for  war.  In  Iowa,  about  1,200  men  were  enlisted  and 
500  were  actually  armed  and  encamped  in  Van  Buren  County,  ready  to  dei^nd 
the  integrity  of  the  Territory.  Subsequently,  Gen.  A.  C  Dodge,  of  ^^urhng ton 
Gen.  Churchman,  of  Dubuque,  and  Dr.  Clark,  of  Fort  Madison  were  snt  to 
Missouri  as  envoys  plenipotentiary,  to  effect,  if  possible  a  peaceable  adjus  men 
of  the  difficulty.  ^  Upon  their  arrival,  they  found  that  the  County  Commiss  oners 
of  Clarke  County,Missouri,hadrescindedtheirorder  for  thecollection  of  thetaxes 

and  that  Gov.  Boggs  had  despatched  messengers  to  the  Governor  of  Iowa  proposing 


178  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

to  submit  an  agreed  case  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the 
final  settlement  of  the  boundary  question.  This  proposition  was  declined,  but 
afterward  Congress  authorized  a  suit  to  settle  the  controversy,  -which  was  insti- 
tuted, and  which  resulted  in  a  judgment  for  Iowa.  Under  this  decision, 
William  G.  Miner,  of  Missouri,  and  Henry  B.  Hendershott  were  appointed 
Commissioners  to  survey  and  establish  the  boundary.  Mr.  Nourse  remarks 
that  "  the  expenses  of  the  war  on  the  part  of  Iowa  were  never  paid,  either  by 
the  United  States  or  the  Territorial  Government.  The  patriots  who  furnished 
supplies  to  the  troops  had  to  bear  the  cost  and  charges  of  the  struggle." 

The  first  legislative  assembly  laid  the  broad  foundation  of  civil  equality,  on 
which  has  been  constructed  one  of  the  most  liberal  governments  in  the  Union. 
Its  first  act  was  to  recognize  the  equality  of  woman  with  man  before  the  law  by 
providing  that  "  no  action  commenced  by  a  single  woman,  who  intermarries 
during  the  pendency  thereof,  shall  abate-on  account  of  such  marriage."  This  prin- 
ciple has  been  adopted  by  all  subsequent  legislation  in  Iowa,  and  to-day  woman 
has  full  and  equal  civil  rights  with  man,  except  only  the  right  of  the  ballot. 

Religious  toleration  was  also  secured  to  all,  personal  liberty  strictly  guarded, 
the  rights  and  privileges  of  citizenship  extended  to  all  white  persons,  and  the 
purity  of  elections  secured  by  heavy  penalties  against  bribery  and  corruption. 
The  judiciary  power  was  vested  in  a  Supreme  Court,  District  Court,  Probate 
Court,  and  Justices  of  the  Peace.  Ileal  estate  was  made  divisible  by  will,  and 
intestate  property  divided  equitably  among  heirs.  Murder  was  made  punishable 
by  death,  and  proportionate  penalties  fixed  for  lesser  crimes.  A  system  of  free 
schools,  open  for  every  class  of  white  citizens,  was  established.  Provision  was 
made  for  a  system  of  roads  and  highways.  Thus  under  the  territorial  organi- 
zation, the  country  began  to  emerge  from  a  savage  wilderness,  and  take  on  the 
forms  of  civil  government. 

By  act  of  Congress  of  June  12,  1838,  the  lands  which  had  been  purchased 
of  the  Indians  were  brought  into  market,  and  land  offices  opened  in  Dubuque 
and  Burlington.  Congress  provided  for  military  roads  and  bridges,  which 
greatly  aided  the  settlers,  who  were  now  coming  in  by  thousands,  to  make  their 
homes  on  the  fertile  prairies  of  Iowa — "  the  Beautiful  Land."  The  fame  of  the 
country  had  spread  far  and  wide ;  even  before  the  Indian  title  was  extinguished, 
many  were  crowding  the  borders,  impatient  to  cross  over  and  stake  out  their 
claims  on  the  choicest  spots  they  could  find  in  the  new  Territory.  As 
soon  as  the  country  was  open  for  settlement,  the  borders,  the  Black  Hawk 
Purchase,  all  along  the  Mississipi,  and  up  the  principal  rivers  and  streams,  and 
out  over  the  broad  and  rolling  prairies,  began  to  be  thronged  with  eager  land 
hunters  and  immigrants,  seeking  homes  in  Iowa.  It  was  a  sight  to  delight  the 
eyes  of  all  comers  from  every  land — its  noble  streams,  beautiful  and  picturesque 
hills  and  valleys,  broad  and  fertile  prairies  extending  as  far  as  the  eye  could 
reach,  with  a  soil  surpassing  in  richness  anything  which  thsy  had  ever  seen.  It 
is  not  to  be  wondered  at  that  immigration  into  Iowa  was  rapid,  and  that  within 
less  than  a  decade  from  the  organization  of  the  Territory,  it  contained  a  hundred 
and  fifty  thousand  people. 

As  rapidly  as  the  Indian  titles  were  extinguished  and  the  original  owners 
removed,  the  resistless  tide  of  emigration  flowed  westward.  The  following  extract 
from  Judge  Nourse's  Centennial  Address  shows  how  the  immigrants  gathered 
on  the  Indian  boundary,  ready  for  the  removal  of  the  barrier : 

In  obedience  to  our  progressive  and  aggressive  spirit,  the  Government  of  the  United  States 
made  another  treaty  with  the  Sac  and  Fox  Indians,  on  the  11th  day  of  August,  1842,  for  the 
1-emaining  portion  of  their  land  in  Iowa.     The  treaty  provided  that  the  Indians  should  retain 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  179 

poBsession  of  all  the  lands  thus  ceded  until  May  1,  1843,  and  should  occupy  that  portion  of  the 
ceded  territory  west  of  a  line  running  north  and  south  through  Redrock,  until  October  11,  1845. 
These  tribes,  at  this  time,  had  their  principal  village  at  Ot-tum-wa-no,  now  called  Ottumwa.  As 
soon  as  it  became  known  that  the  treaty  had  been  concluded,  there  was  a  rush  of  immigration  to 
Iowa,  and  a  great  number  of  temporary  settlements  were  made  near  the  Indian  boundary,  wait- 
ing for  the  1st  day  of  May.  As  the  day  approached,  hundreds  of  families  encamped  along  the 
line,  and  their  tents  and  wagons  gave  the  scene  the  appearance  of  a  military  expedition.  The 
country  beyond  had  been  thoroughly  explored,  but  the  United  States  military  authorities  had 
prevented  any  settlement  or  even  the  making  out  of  claims  by  any  monuments  whatever. 

To  aid  them  in  making  out  their  claims  when  the  hour  should  arrive,  the  settlers  had  placed 
piles  of  dry  wood  on  the  rising  ground,  at  convenient  distances,  and  a  short  time  before  twelve 
o'clock  of  the  night  of  the  30th  of  April,  these  were  lighted,  and  when  the  midnight  hour  arrived, 
it  was  announced  by  the  discharge  of  firearms.  The  night  was  dark,  but  this  army  of  occupa- 
tion pressed  forward,  torch  in  hand,  with  axe  and  hatchet,  blazing  lines  with  all  manner  of 
curves  and  angles.  When  daylight  came  and  revealed  the  confusion  of  these  wonderful  surveys, 
numerous  disputes  arose,  settled  generally  by  compromise,  but  sometimes  by  violence,  Between 
midnight  of  the  80th  of  April  and  sundown  of  the  1st  of  May,  over  one  thousand  families  had 
settled  on  their  new  purchase. 

While  this  scene  was  transpiring,  the  retreating  Indians  were  enacting  one  more  impressive 
and  melancholy.  The  Winter  of  1842-43  was  one  of  unusual  severity,  and  the  Indian  prophet, 
who  had  disapproved  of  the  treaty,  attributed  the  severity  of  the  Winter  to  the  anger  of  the  Great 
Spirit,  because  they  had  sold  their  country.  Many  religious  rites  were  performed  to  ntone  for 
the  crime.  When  the  time  for  leaving  Ot-tum-wa-no  arrived,  a  solemn  silence  pervaded  the  Indian 
camp,  and  the  faces  of  their  stoutest  men  were  bathed  in  tears ;  and  when  their  cavalcade  was 
put  in  motion,  toward  the  setting  sun,  there  was  a  spontaneous  outburst  of  frantic  grief  from  the 
entire  procession. 

The  Indians  remained  the  appointed  time  beyond  the  line  running  north  and  south  through 
Kedrook.  The  government  established  a  trading  post  and  military  encampment  at  the  Raccoon 
Fork  of  the  Des  Moines  River,  then  and  for  many  years  known  as  Fort  Des  Moines.  Here  the 
red  man  lingered  until  the  11th  of  October,  1845,  when  the  same  scene  that  we  have  before 
described  was  re-enacted,  and  the  wave  of  immigration  swept  over  the  remainder  of  the  "  New 
Purchase."  The  lands  thus  occupied  and  claimed  by  the  settlers  still  belonged  in  fee  to  the  Gen- 
eral Government.  The  surveys  were  not  completed  until  some  time  after  the  Indian  title  was 
extinguished.  After  their  survey,  the  lands  were  publicly  proclaimed  or  advertised  for  sale  at 
public  auction.  Under  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  a  pre-emption  or  exclusive  right  to  purchase 
public  lands  could  net  be  acquired  until  after  the  lands  had  thus  been  publicly  offered  and  not 
sold  for  want  of  bidders.  Then,  and  not  until  then,  an  occupant  making  improvements  in  good 
faith  might  acquire  a  right  over  others  to  enter  the  land  at  the  minimum  price  of  $1.25  per 
acre.  The  "  claim  laws"  were  unknown  to  the  United  States  statutes.  They  originated  in  the 
"eternal  fitness  of  things."  and  were  enforced,  probably,  as  belonging  to  that  class  of  natural 
rights  not  enumerated  in  the  constitution,  and  not  impaired  or  disparaged  by  its  enumeration. 

The  settlers  organized  in  every  settlement  prior  to  the  public  land  sales,  appointed  officers, 
and  adopted  their  own  rules  and  regulations.  Each  man's  claim  was  duly  ascertained  and 
recorded  by  the  Secretary.  ,  It  was  the  duty  of  all  to  attend  the  sales.  The  Secretary  bid  off  the 
lands  of  each  settler  at  $1.25  per  acre.  The  others  were  there,  to  see,  first,  that  he  did  his  duty 
and  bid  in  the  land,  and,  secondly,  to  see  that  ko  one  else  bid.  This,  of  course,  sometimes  led  to 
trouble,  but  it  saved  the  excitement  of  competition,  and  gave  a  formality  and  degree  of  order 
and  regularity  to  the  proceedings  they  would  not  otherwise  have  attained.  As  far  as  practicable 
the  Territorial  Legislature  recognized  the  validity  of  these  "  claims  "  upon  the  public  lands,  and 
in  1839  passed  an  act  legalizing  their  sale  and  making  their  transfer  a  valid  consideration  to  sup- 
port a  promise  to  pay  for  the  same.  (Acts  of  1843,  n.  456).  The  Supreme  Territorial  Court 
held  this  law  to  be  valid.  (See  Hill  v.  Smith,  1st  Morris  Rep.  70).  The  opinion  not  only  con- 
tains a  decision  of  the  question  involved,  but  also  contains  much  valuable  erudition  upon  that 
"spirit  of  AnglttSaxon  liberty"  which  the  Iowa  settlers  unquestionably  inherited  in  a  direct 
line  of  descent  from  the  said  "  Anglo-Saxons."  But  the  early  settler  was  not  always  able  to  pay 
even  this  dollar  and  twenty-five  cents  per  acre  for  his  land. 

Many  of  the  settlers  had  nothing  to  begin  with,  save  their  hands,  health  and 
courage  and  their  family  jewels,  "the  pledges  of  love,"  and  the  "consumers of 
bread."  It  was  not  so  easy  to  accumulate  money  in  the  early  days  of  the  State, 
and  the  "beautiful  prairies,"  the  "noble  streams,"  and  all  that  sort  of  poetic 
imagery,  did  not  prevent  the  early  settlers  from  becoming  discouraged. 

An  old  settler,  in  speaking  of  the  privations  and  trials  of  those  early  days, 

Well  do  the  "  old  settlers  '  of  Iowa  remember  the  days  from  the  first  settlement  to  1840 
Those  were  days  of  sadness  and  distress.     The  endearments  of  home  in  another  land  haa  been. 


180  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

broken  up ;  and  all  that  was  hallowed  on  earth,  the  home  of  childhood  and  the  scenes  of  youth, 
we  severed ;  and  we  sat  down  by  the  gentle  waters  of  our  noble  river,  and  often  "  hung  our  harps 
on  the  willows."  f 

Another,  from  another  part  of  the  State,  testifies : 

There  was  no  such  thing  as  getting  money  for  any  kind  of  labor.  I  laid  brick  at  $3.00 
per  thousand,  and  took  my  pay  in  anything  I  could  eat  or  wear.  I  built  the  first  Methodist 
Church  at  Keokuk,  42x60  feet,  of  brick,  for  |600,  and  took  my  pay  in  a  subscription  paper,  part 
of  which  I  never  collected,  and  upon  which  I  only  received  $50  00  in  money.  Wheat  was  hauled 
100  miles  from  the  interior,  and  sold  for  37  J  cents  per  bushel. 

Another  old  settler,  speaking  of  a  later  period,  1843,  says : 

Land  and  everything  had  gone  down  in  value  to  almost  nominal  prices.  Corn  and  oats 
could  be  bought  for  six  or  ten  cents  a  bushel ;  pork,  $1 .00  per  hundred  ;  and  the  best  horse  a 
man  could  raise  sold  for  $50.00,  Nearly  all  were  in  debt,  and  the  Sheriff  and  Constable,  with 
legal  processes,  were  common  visitors  at  almost  every  man's  door.  These  were  indeed  "the  times 
that  tried  men's  souls." 

"A  few,"  says  Mr.  Nourse,  "who  were  not  equal  to  the  trial,  returned  to 
their  old  homes,  but  such  as  had  the  courage  and  faith  to  be  the  worthy  founders 
of  a  great  State  remained,  to  more  than  realize  the  fruition  of  their  hopes,  and 
the  reward  of  their  self-denial." 

On  Monday,  December  6,  1841,  the  fourth  Legislatiye  Assembly  met,  at 
the  new  capital,  Iowa  City,  but  the  capitol  building  could  not  be  used,  and  the 
Legislature  occupied  a  temporary  frame  house,  that  had  been  erected  for  that 
purpose,  during  the  session  of  1841-2.  At  this  session,  the  Superintendent  of 
Public  Buildings  (who,  with  the  Territorial  Agent,  had  superseded  the  Commis- 
sioners first  appointed),  estimated  the  expense  of  completing  the  building  at 
$33,330,  and  that  rooms  for  the  use  of  the  Legislature  could  be  completed- for 
$15,600. 

During  1842,  the  Superintendent  commenced  obtaining  stone  from  a  new 
quarry,  about  ten  miles  northeast  of  the  city.  This  is  now  known  as  the  ''  Old 
Capitol  Quarry,"  and  contains,  it  is  thought,  an  immense  quantity  of  excellent 
building  stone.  Here  all  the  stone  for  completing  the  buildiDg  was  obtained, 
and  it  was  so  far  completed,  that  on  the  5th  day  of  December,  1842,  the  Legis- 
lature assembled  in  the  new  capitol.  At  this  session,  the  Superintendent  esti- 
mated that  it  would  cost  $39,143  to  finish  the  building.  This  was  nearly 
$6,000  higher  than  the  estimate  of  the  previous  year,  notwithstanding  a  large 
sum  had  been  expended  in  the  meantime.  This  rather  discouraging  discrep- 
ancy was  accounted  for  by  the  fact  that  the  ofiicers  in  charge  of  the  work  we're 
constantly  short  of  funds.  Except  the  congressional  appropriation  of  $20,000 
and  the  loan  of  $5,500,  obtained  from  the  Miners'  Bank,  of  Dubuqud,  all  the 
funds  for  the  prosecution  of  the  work  were  derived  from  the  sale  of  the  city 
lots  (which  did  not  sell  very  rapidly),  from  certificates  of  indebtedness,  and  from 
scrip,  based  upon  unsold  lots,  which  was  to  be  received  in  payment  for  such  lots 
when  they  were  sold.  At  one  time,  the  Superintendent  made  a  requisition  for 
bills  of  iron  and  glass,  which  could  not  be  obtained  nearer  than  St.  Louis.  To 
meet  this,  the  Agent  sold  some  lots  for  a  draft,  payable  at  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  for 
which  he  was  compelled  to  pay  twenty-five  per  cent,  exchange.  This  draft, 
amounting  to  $507,  that  officer  reported  to  be  more  than  one-half  the  cash 
actually  handled  by  him  during  the  entire  season,  when  the  disbursements 
amounted  to  very  nearly  $24,000. 

With  such  uncertainty,  it  could  not  be  expected  that  estimates  could  be  very 
accurate.  With  all  these  disadvantages,  however,  the  work  appears  to  have 
been  prudently  prosecuted,  and  as  rapidly  as  circumstances  would  permit. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  181 

Iowa  remained  a  Territory  from  1838  to  1846,  during  which  the  office  of 
Governor  was  held  by  Robert  Lucas,  John  Chambers  and  James  Clarke. 

STATE  ORGANIZATION. 

By  an  act  of  the  Territorial  Legislature  of  Iowa,  approved  February  12, 
1844,  the  question  of  the  formation  of  a  State  Constitution  and  providing  for 
the  election  of  Delegates  to  a  convention  to  be  convened  for  that  purpose  was 
submitted  to  the  people,  to  be  voted  upon  at  their  township  electiuns  in  April 
following.  The  vote  was  lafgely  in  favor  of  the  measure,  and  the  Delegates 
elected  assembled  in  convention  at  Iowa  City,  on  the  7th  of  October,  1844. 
On  the  first  day  of  November  following,  the  convention  completed  its  work  and 
adopted  the  first  State  Constitution. 

The  President  of  the  convention,  Hon.  Shepherd  Leffler,  was  instructed  to 
transmit  a  certified  copy  of  this  Constitution  to  the  Delegate  in  Congress,  to  be 
by  him  submitted  to  that  body  at  the  earliest  practicablcN^ay.  It  was  also  pro- 
vided that  it  should  be  submitted,  together  with  any  conditions  or  changes  that 
might  be  made  by  Congress,  to  the  people  of  the  Territory,  for  their  approval 
or  rejection,  at  the  township  election  in  April,  1845. 

The  boundaries  of  the  State,  as  defined  by  this  Constitution,  were  as  fol- 


Beginning  in  the  middle  of  the  channel  of  the  Mississippi  River,  opposite  mouth  of  the 
Des  Moines  River,  thence  up  the  said  river  Des  Moines,  in  the  middle  of  the  main  channel 
thereof,  to  a  point  where  it  is  intersected  by  the  Old  Indian  Boundary  line,  or  line  run  by  John 
C.  Sullivan,  in  the  year  1816  ;  thence  Vfestwardly  along  said  line  to  the  "  old  "  northwest  corner 
of  Missouri ;  thence  due  west  to  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  of  the  Missouri  River ;  thence 
up  in  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  of  the  river  last  mentioned  to  the  mouth  of  the  Sioux  or 
Calumet  River ;  thence  in  a  direct  line  to  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  of  the  St.  Peters  River, 
where  the  Watonwan  River — according  to  Nicollet's  map — enters  the  same;  thence  down  the 
middle  of  the  main  channel  of  said  river  to  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  of  the  Mississippi 
River ;  thence  down  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  of  said  river  to  the  place  of  beginning. 

These  boundaries  were  rejected  by  Congress,  but  by  act  approved  March  3, 

1845,  a  State  called  Iowa  was  admitted  into  the  Union,  provided  the  people 

accepted  the  act,  bounded  as  follows : 

Beginning  at  the  mouth  of  the  Des  Moines  River,  at  the  middle  of  the  Mississippi,  thence 
by  the  middle  ot  the  channel  of  that  river  to  a  parallel  of  latitude  passing  through  the  mouth  of 
the  Mankato  or  Blue  Earth  River;  thence  west,  along  said  parallel  of  latitude,  to  a  point  where 
it  is  intersected  by  a  meridian  line  seventeen  degrees  and  thirty  minutes  west  of  the  meridian 
of  Washington  City  ;  thence  due  south,  to  the  northern  boundary  line  of  the  State  of  Missouri; 
thence  eastwardly,  following  that  boundary  to  the  point  at  which  the  same  intersects  the  Des 
Moines  River  ;  thence  by  the  middle  of  the  channel  of  that  river  to  the  place  of  beginning. 

These  boundaries,  had  they  been  accepted,  would  have  placed  the  northern 
boundary  of  the  State  about  thirty  miles  north  of  its  present  location,  and  would 
have  deprived  it  of  the  Missouri  slope  and  the  boundary  of  that  rivei;.  The 
western  boundary  would  have  been  near  the  west  line  of  what  is  now  Kossuth 
County.  But  it  was  not  so  to  be.  In  consequence  of  this  radical  and  unwel- 
come change  in  the  boundaries,  the  people  refused  to  accept  the  act  of  Congress 
and  rejected  the  Constitution  at  the  election,  held  August  4,  1845,  by  a  vote  of 
7,656  to  7,235. 

A  second  Constitutional  Convention  assembled  at  Iowa  City  on  the  4th  day 
of  May,  1846,  and  on  the  18th  of  the  same  month  another  Constitution  for  the 
new  State  with  the  present  boundaries,  was  adopted  and  submitted  to  the  people 
for  ratification  on  the  8d  day  of  August  following,  when  it  was  accepted  ;  9,492 
votes  were  cast  "for  the  Constitution,"  and  9,036  "against  the  Constitution." 


182  HISTORY  OP  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

^ 
The  Constitution  was  approved  by  Congress,  and  by  act  of  Congress  approved 
December  28,  1846,  Iowa  was  admitted  as  a  sovereign  State  in  the  American 
Union. 

Prior  to  this  action  of  Congress,  however,  the  people  of  the  new  State  held 
an  election  under  the  new  Constitution  on  the  26th  day  of  October,  and  elected 
Oresel  Briggs,  Governor ;  Elisha  Cutler,  Jr.,  Secretary  of  State ;  Joseph  T. 
Fales,  Auditor ;  Morgan  Reno,  Treasurer  ;  and  members  of  the  Senate  and 
House  of  Representatives. 

At  this  time  there  were  twenty-seven  organized  counties  in  the  State,  with 
a  population  of  nearly  100,000,  and  the  frontier  settlements  were  rapidly  push- 
ing toward  the  Missouri  River.     The  Mormons  had  already  reached  there. 

The  first  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Iowa  was  composed  of  nineteen 
Senators  and  forty  Representatives.  It  assembled  at  Iowa  City,  November  30, 
1846,  about  a  month  before  the  State  was  admitted  into  the  Union. 

At  the  first  session  of  the  State  Legislature,  the  Treasurer  of  State  reported 
that  the  capitol  building  was  in  a  very  exposed  condition,  liable  to  injury  from 
storms,  and  expressed  the  hope  that  some  provision  would  be  made  to  complete 
it,  at  least  suiBciently  to  protect  it  from  the  weather.  The  General  Assembly 
responded  by  appropriating  $2,500  for  the  completion  of  the  public  buildings. 
At  the  first  session  also  arose  the  question  of  the  re-location  of  the  capital.  The 
western  boundary  of  the  State,  as  now  determined,  left  Iowa  City  too  far  toward 
the  eastern  and  southern  boundary  of  the  State ;  this  was  conceded.  Congress 
had  appropriated  five  sections  of  land  for  the  erection  of  public  buildings,  and 
toward  the  close  of  the  session  a  bill  was  introduced  providing  for  the  re-location 
of  the  seat  of  government,  involving  to  some  extent  the  location  of  the  State 
University,  which  had  already  been  discussed.  This  bill  gave  rise  to  a  deal  of 
discussion  and  parliamentary  maneuvering,  almost  purely  sectional  in  its  character. 
It  provided  for  the  appointment  of  three  Commissioners,  who  were  authorized  to 
make  a  location  as  near  the  geographical  center  of  the  State  as  a  healthy  and 
eligible  site  could  be  obtained ;  to  select  the  five  sections  of  land  donated  by 
Congress ;  to  survey  and  plat  into  town  lots  not  exceeding  one  section  of  the 
land  so  selected ;  to  sell  lots  at  public  sale,  not  to  exceed  two  in  each  block. 
Having  done  this,  they  were  then  required  to  suspend  further  operations,  and 
make  a  report  of  their  proceedings  to  the  Governor.  The  bill  passed  both 
Houses  by  decisive  votes,  received  the  signature  of  the  Governor,  and  became  a 
law.  Soon  after,  by  "  An  act  to  locate  and  establish  a  State  University," 
approved  February  25,  1847,  the  unfinished  public  buildings  at  Iowa  City, 
together  with  the  ten  acres  of  land  on  which  they  were  situated,  were  granted 
for  the  use  of  the  University,  reserving  their  use,  however,  by  the  General 
Assembly  and  the  State  officers,  until  other  provisions  were  made  by  law. 

The  Commissioners  forthwith  entered  upon  their  duties,  and  selected  four 
sections  and  two  half  sections  in  Jasper  County.  Two  of  these  sections  are  in 
what  is -now  Des  Moines  Township,  and  the  others  in  Fairview  Township,  in  the 
southern  part  of  that  county.  These  lands  are  situated  between  Prairie  City 
and  Monroe,  on  the  Keokuk  &  Des  Moines  Railroad,  which  runs  diagonally 
through  them.  Here  a  town  was  platted,  called  Monroe  City,  and  a  sale  of 
lots  took  place.  Four  hundred  and  fifteen  lots  were  sold,  at  prices  that  were 
not  considered  remarkably  remunerative.  The  cash  payments  (one-fourth) 
amounted  to  $1,797.43,  while  the  expenses  of  the  sale  and  the  claims  of  the 
Commissioners  for  services  amounted  to  $2,206.57.  The  Commissioners  made 
a  report  of  their  proceedings  to  the  Governor,  as  required  by  law,  but  the  loca- 
tion was  generally  condemned. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  183 

When  the  report  of  the  Commissioners,  showing  this  brilliant  financial  ope- 
ration, had  been  read  in  the  House  of  Representatives,  at  the  next  session,  and 
while  it  was  under  consideration,  an  indignant  member,  afterward  known  as 
the  eccentric  Judge  McFarland,  moved  to  refer  the  report  to  a  select  Committee 
of  Five,  with  instructions  to  report  "  how  much  of  said  city  of  Monroe  was  under 
water  and  how  much  was  burned."  The  report  was  referred,  without  the 
instructions,  however,  but  Monroe  City  never  became  the  seat  of  government. 
By  an  act  approved  January  15,  1849,  the  law  by  which  the  location  had  been 
made  was  repealed  and  the  new  town  was  vacated,  the  money  paid  by  purchas- 
ers of  lots  being  refunded  to  them.  This,  of  course,  retained  the  seat  of  govern- 
ment at  Iowa  City,  and  precluded,  for  the  time,  the  occupation  of  the  building 
and  grounds  by  the  University. 

At  the  same  session,  $3,000  more  were  appropriated  for  completing  the 
State  building  at  Iowa  City.  In  1852,  the  further  sum  of  |5,000.  and  in  1854 
$4,000  more  were  apppropriated  for  the  same  purpose,  making  the  whole  cost 
$123,000,  paid  partly  by  the  General  Government  and  partly  by  the  State,  but 
principally  from  the  proceeds  of  the  sale  of  lots  in  Iowa  City. 

But  the  question  of  the  permanent  location  of  the  seat  of  government  was 
not  settled,  and  in  1851  bills  were  introduced  for  the  removal:  of  the  cg,pital  to 
Pella  and  to  Fort  Des  Moines.  The  latter  appeared  to  have  the  support  of  the 
majority,  but  was  finally  lost  in  the  House  on  the  question  of  ordering  it  to  its 
third  reading. 

At  the  next  session,  in  1853,  a  bill  was  introduced  in  the  Senate  for  the 
removal  of  the  seat  of  government  to  Fort  Des  Moines,  and,  on  final  vote, 
was  just  barely  defeated.  At  the  next  session,  however,  the  eifort  was  more 
successful,  and  on  the  15th  day  of  January,  1855,  a  bill  re-locating  the  capital 
within  two  miles  of  the  Raccoon  Fork  of  the  Des  Moines,  and  for  the  appoint- 
ment of  Commissioners,  was  approved  by  Gov.  Grimes.  The  site  was  selected 
in  1856,  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  this  act,  the  land  being  donated 
to  the  State  by  citizens  and  property-holders  of  Des  Moines.  An  association  of 
citizens  erected  a  building  for  a  temporary  capitol,  and  leased  it  to  the  State  at 
a  nominal  rent. 

The  third  Constitutional  Convention  to  revise  the  Constitution  of  the  State 
assembled  at  Iowa  City,  January  19,  1857.  The  new  Constitution  framed  by 
this  convention  was  submitted  to  the  people  at  an  election  held  August  3,  1857, 
when  it  was  approved  and  adopted  by  a  vote  of  40,311  "  for  "  to  38,681 
"  against,"  and  on  the  3d  day  of  September  following  was  declared  by  a  procla- 
mation of  the  Governor  to  be  the  supreme  law  of  the  State  of  Iowa. 

Advised  of  the  completion  of  the  temporary  State  House  at  Des  Moines,,  on 
the  19th  of  October  following.  Governor  Grimes  issued  another  proclamation, 
declaring  the  City  of  Des  Moines  to  be  the  capital  of  the  State  of  Iowa. 

The  removal  of  the  archives  and  oifices  was  commenced  at  once  and  con- 
tinued through  the  Fall.  It  was  an  undertaking  of  no  small  magnitude ;  there 
was  not  a  mile  of  railroad  to  facilitate  the  work,  and  the  season  was  unusually 
disagreeable.  Rain,  snow  and  other  accompaniments  increased  the  difiiculties ; 
and  it  was  not  until  December,  that  the  last  of  the  effects— the  safe  of  the  State 
Treasurer,  loaded  on  two  large  "  bob-sleds  "—drawn  by  ten  yoke  of  oxen  was  de- 
posited in  the  new  capital.  It  is  not  imprudent  now  to  remark  that,  during  this 
passage  over  hills  and  prairies,  across  rivers,  through  bottom  lands  and  timber, 
the  safes  belonging  to  the  several  departments  contained  large  sums  of  money, 
mostly  individual  funds,  however.  Thus,  Iowa  City  ceased  to  be  the  capital  of 
the  State,  after  four  Territorial  Legislatures,  six  State  Legislatures  and  three 


184  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OP  IOWA. 

Constitutional  Conventions  had  held  their  sessions  there.  _  By  the  exchange, 
the  old  capitol  at  Iowa  City  became  the  seat  of  the  University,  and,  except  the 
rooms  occupied  by  the  United  States  District  Court,  passed  under  the  immedi- 
ate and  direct  control  of  the  Trustees  of  that  institution. 

Des  Moines  was  now  the  permanent  seat  of  government,  made  so  by  the 
fundamental  law  of  the  State,  and  on  the  11th  day  of  January,  1858,  the 
seventh  General  Assembly  convened  at  the  new  capital.  The  building  used 
for  governmental  purposes  was  purchased  in  1864.  It  soon  became  inadequate 
for  the  purposes  for  which  it  was  designed,  and  it  became  apparent  that  a  new, 
large  and  permanent  State  House  must  be  erected.  In  1870,  the  General 
Assembly  made  an  appropriation  and  provided  for  the  appointment  of  a  Board 
of  Commissioners  to  commence  the  work.  The  board  consisted  of  Gov.  Samuel 
Merrill,  ex  officio.  President ;  Grenville  M.  Dodge,  Council  Bluffs ;  James  F. 
Wilson,  Fairfield;  James  Dawson,  Washington;  Simon  G.  Stein,  Muscatine; 
James  0.  Crosby,  Gainsville ;  Charles  Dudley,  Agency  City ;  John  N.  Dewey, 
Des  Moines;  William  L.  Joy,  Sioux  City  ;  Alexander  R.  Fulton,  Des  Moines, 
Secretary. 

The  act  of  1870  provided  that  the  building  should  be  constructed  of  the 
best  material  and  should  be  fire  proof;  to  be  heated  and  ventilated  in  the  most 
approved  manner;  should  contain  suitable  legislative  halls,  rooms  for  State 
officers,  the  judiciary,  library,  committees,  archives  and  the  collections  of  the 
State  Agricultural  Society,  and  for  all  purpoees  of  State  Government,  and 
should  be  erected  on  grounds  held  by  the  State  for  that  purpose.  The  sum  fir^t 
appropriated  was  $150,000  ;  and  the  law  provided  that  no  contract  should  be 
made,  either  for  constructing  or  furnishing  the  building,  which  should  bind  the 
State  for  larger  sums  than  those  at  the  time  appropriated.  A  design  was  drawn 
and  plans  and  specifications  furnished  by  Cochrane  &  Piquenard,  architects, 
which  were  accepted  by  the  board,  and  on  the  23d  of  November,  1871,  the  cor- 
ner stone  was  laid  with  appropriate  ceremonies.  The  estimated  cost  and  present 
value  of  the  capitol  is  fixed  at  $2,000,000. 

From  1858  to  1860,  the  Sioux  became  troublesome  in  the  northwestern 
part  of  the  State.  These  warlike  Indians  made  frequent  plundering  raids  upon 
the  settlers,  and  murdered  several  families.  In  1861,  several  companies  of 
militia  were  ordered  to  that  portion  of  the  State  to  hunt  down  and  punish  the 
murderous  thieves.  No  battles  were  fought,  however,  for  the  Indians  fled 
when  they  ascertained  that  systematic  and  adequate  measures  had  been  adopted 
to  protect  the  settlers. 

"  The  year  1856  marked  a  new  era  in  the  history  of  Iowa.  In  1854,  the 
Chicago  &  Rock  Island  Railroad  had  been  completed  to  the  east  bank  of  the 
Mississippi  River,  opposite  Davenport.  In  1854,  the  corner  stone  of  a  railroad 
bridge,  that  was  to  be  the  first  to  span  the  "Father  of  Waters,"  was  laid  with 
appropriate  ceremonies  at  this  point.  St.  Louis  had  resolved  that  the  enter- 
prise was  unconstitutional,  and  by  writs  of  injunction  made  an  unsuccessful 
eiFort  to  prevent  its  completion.  Twenty  years  later  in  her  history,  St.  Louis 
repented  her  folly,  and  made  atonement  for  her  sin  by  imitating  our  example. 
On  the  1st  day  of  January,  1856,  this  railroad  was  completed  to  Iowa  City. 
In  the  meantime,  two  other  railroads  had  reached  the  east  bank  of  the  Missis- 
sippi— one  opposite  Burlington,  and  one  opposite  Dubuque — and  these  wwe 
being  extended  into  the  interior  of  the  State.  Indeed,  four  lines  of  railroad 
had  been  projected  across  the  State  from  the  Mississippi  to  the  Missouri,  hav- 
ing eastern  connections.  On  the  15th  of  May,  1856,  .the  Congress  of  the 
United  States  passed  an  act  granting  to  the  State,  to  aid  in  the  construction  of 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 


railroads,  the  public  lands  in  alternate  sections,  six  miles  on  either  side  of  the 
proposed  lines.  An  extra  session  of  the  General  Assembly  was  called  in  July 
of  this  year,  that  disposed  of  the  grant  to  the  several  companies  that  proposed 
to  complete  these  enterprises.  The  population  of  our  State  at  this  time,  had 
increased  to  500,000.  Public  attention  had  been  called  to  the  necessity  of  a 
railroad  across  the  continent.  The  position  of  Iowa,  in  the  very  heart  and 
center  of  the  Republic,  on  the  route  of  this  great  highway  across  the  continent, 
began  to  attract  attention  Cities  and  towns  sprang  up  through  the  State  as 
if  by  magic.  Capital  began  to  pour  into  the  State,  and  had  it  been  employed 
in  developing  our  vast  coal  measures  and  establishing  manufactories  among  us, 
or  if  it  had  been  expended  in  improving  our  lands,  and  building  houses' and 
barns,  it  would  have  been  well.  But  all  were  in  haste  to  get  rich,  and  the 
spirit  of  speculation  ruled  the  hour. 

"  In  the  meantime,  every  effort  was  made  to  help  the  speedy  completion  of 
the  railroads.  Nearly  every  county  and  city  on  the  Mississippi,  and  many  in 
the  interior,  voted  large  corporate  subscriptions  to  the  stock  of  the  railroad 
companies,  and  issued  their  negotiable  bonds  for  the  amount."  Thus  enormous 
county  and  city  debts  were  incurred,  the  payment  of  which  these  municipalities 
tried  to  avoid  upon  the  plea  that  they  had  exceeded  the  constitutional  limit- 
ation of  their  powers.  The  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  held  these 
bonds  to  be  valid ;  and  the  courts  by  mandamus  compelled  the  city  and  county 
authorities  to  levy  taxes  to  pay  the  judgments.  These  debts  are  not  all  paid 
even  yet,  but  the  worst  is  over  and  ultimately  the  burden  will  be  entirely 
removed- 

The  first  railroad  across  the  State  was  completed  to  Council  Bluifs  in  Jan- 
uary, 1871.  The  others  were  completed  soon  after.  In  1854,  there  was  not 
a  mile  of  railroad  in  the  State.  In  1874,  twenty  years  after,  there  were  3,765 
miles  in  successful  operation. 

GROWTH    AND   PROGRESS. 

When  Wisconsin  Territory  was  organized,  in  1836,  the  entire  population  of 
that  portion  of  the  Territory  now  embraced  in  the  State  of  Iowa  was  10.531. 
The  Territory  then  embraced  two  counties,  Dubuque  and  Des  Moines,  erected 
by  the  Territory  of  Michigan,  in  1834.  From  1836  to  1838,  the  Territorial 
Legislature  of  Wisconsin  increased  the  number  of  counties  to  sixteen,  and  the 
population  had  increased  to  22,859.  Since  then,  the  counties  have  increased 
to  ninety-nine,  and  the  population,  in  1875,  was  1,366,000.  The  following 
table  will  show  the  population  at  different  periods  since  the  erection  of  Iowa 
Territory : 

Year.  Population. 

1852 230,713 

1854 326,013 

1856 519.055 

1859 638,775 

1860 674,913 

1863 701,732 

1865 754,699 

1867 902,040 

The  most  populous  county  in  the  State  is  Dubuque.  Not  only  in  popula- 
"tion,  but  in  everything  contributing  to  the  growth  and  greatness  of  a  State  has 
Iowa  made  rapid  progress.  In  a  little  more  than  thirty  years,  its  wild  but 
beautiful  prairies  have  advanced  from  the  home  of  the  savage  to  a  highly  civ- 
ilized commonwealth,  embracing  all  the  elements  of  progress  which  characterize 
the  older  States. 


year.  Population. 

1838 22,589 

1840 43,115 

1844 75,152 

1846 97,588 

1847 116,651 

1849 152,988 

1850 191,982 

1851 204,774 


Year.  Population. 

1869 1,040,819 

1870 1,191,727 

1873 1,251,333 

1875 1,366,000 

1876 

1877 


186  HISTORY  OP  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

Thriving  cities  and  towns  dot  its  fair  surface ;  an  iron  net-work  of  thou- 
sands of  miles  of  railroads  is  woven  over  its  broad  acres ;  ten  thousand  school 
houses,  in  which  more  than  five  hundred  thousand  children  are  being  taught 
the  rudiments  of  education,  testify  to  the  culture  and  liberality  of  the  people; 
high  schools,  colleges  and  universities  are  generously  endowed  by  the  State ; 
manufactories  spring  up  on  all  her  water  courses,  and  in  most  of  her  cities 
and  towns. 

Whether  measured  from  the  date  of  her  first  settlement,  her  organization  as 
a  Territory  or  admission  as  a  State,  Iowa  has  thus  far  shown  a  growth  unsur- 
passed, in  a  similar  period,  by  any  commonwealth  on  the  face  of  the  earth ; 
and,  with  her  vast  extent  of  fertile  soil,  with  her  inexhaustible  treasures  of 
mineral  wealth,  with  a  healthful,  invigorating  climate;  an  intelligent,  liberty- 
loving  people;  with  equal,  just  and  liberal  laws,  and  her  free  schools,  the 
future  of  Iowa  may  be  expected  to  surpass  the  most  hopeful  anticipations  of  her 
present  citizens. 

Looking  upon  Iowa  as  she  is  to-day — populous,  prosperous  and  happy — it 
is  hard  to  realize  the  wonderful  changes  that  have  occurred  since  the  first  white 
settlements  were  made  within  her  borders.  When  the  number  of  States  was 
only  twenty-six,  and  their  total  population  about  twenty  millions,  our  repub- 
lican form  of  government  was  hardly  more  than  an  experiment,  just  fairly  put 
upon  trial.  The  development  of  our  agricultural  resources  and  inexhaustible 
mineral  wealth  had  hardly  commenced.  Westward  the  "  Star  of  Empire " 
had  scarcely  started  on  its  way.  West  of  the  great  Mississippi  was  a  mighty 
empire,  but  almost  unknown,  and  marked  on  the  maps  of  the  period  as  "  The 
Great  American  Desert." 

Now,  thirty-eight  stars  glitter  on  our  national  escutcheon,  and  forty-five 
millions  of  people,  who  know  their  rights  and  dare  maintain  them,  tread 
American  soil,  and  the  grand  sisterhood  of  States  extends  from  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico  to  the  Canadian  border,  and  from  -the  rocky  coast  of  the  Atlantic  to 
the  golden  shores  of  ihe  Pacific. 


THE  AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE  AND  FARM. 

Ames,  Story  County. 

The  Iowa  State  Agricultural  College  and  Farm  were  established  by  au  act 
of  the  General  Assembly,  approved  March  22, 1858.  A  Board  of  Trustees  was 
appointed,  consisting  of  Governor  R.  P.  Lowe,  John  D.  Wright,  William  Duane 
Wilson,  M.  W.  Robinson,  Timothy  Day,  Richard  Gaines,  John  Pattee,  G.  W. 
F.  Sherwin,  Suel  Foster,  S.  W.  Henderson,  Clement  Coffin  and  E.  G.  Day ; 
the  Governors  of  the  State  and  President  of  the  College  being  ex  officio  mem- 
bers. Subsequently  the  number  of  Trustees  was  reduced  to  five.  The  Board 
met  in  June,  1859,  and  received  propositions  for  the  location  of  the  College  and 
Farm  from  Hardin,  Polk,  Story  and  Boone,  Marshall,  Jefferson  i.nd  Tama 
Counties.  In  July,  the  proposition  of  Story  County  and  some  of  its  citizens 
and  by  the  citizens  of  Boone  County  was  accepted,  and  the  farm  and  the  site 
for  the  buildings  were  located.  In  1860-61,  the  farm-house  and  barn  were 
erected.  In  1862,  Congress  granted  to  the  State  240,000  acres  of  land  for  the 
endowment  of  schools  of  agriculture  and  the  mechanical  arts,  and  195,000' acres 
were  located  by  Peter  Melendy,  Commissioner,  in  1862-3.  George  W.  Bassett 
wiis  appointed  Land  Agent  for  the  institution.  In  1864,  the  General  Assem- 
bly appropriated  $20,000  for  the  erection  of  the  college  building. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  187 

In  June  of  that  year,  the  Building  Committee,  consisting  of  Suel  Foster 
Peter  Melendy  and  A.  J.  Bronson,  proceeded  to  let  the  contract.  John  Browne' 
of  Des  Moines,  was  employed  as  architect,  and  furnished  the  plans  of  the  build- 
ing, but  was  superseded  in  its  construction  by  C.  A.  Dunham.  The  $20  000 
appropriated  by  the  General  Assembly  were  expended  in  putting  in  the  foun- 
dations and  making  the  brick  for  the  structure.  An  additional  appropriation 
of  191,000  was  made  in  1866,  and  the  building  was  completed  in  1868. 

Tuition  in  this  college  is  made  by  law  forever  free  to  pupils  from  the  State 
over  sixteen  years  of  age,  who  have  been  resident  of  the  State  six  months  pre- 
vious to  their  admission.  Each  county  in  the  State  has  a  prior  right  of  tuition 
for  three  scholars  from  each  county ;  the  remainder,  equal  to  the  capacity  of  the 
college,  are  by  the  Trustees  distributed  among  the  counties  in  proportion  to  the 
population,  and  subject  to  the  above  rule.  All  sale  of  ardent  spirits,  wine  or 
beer  are  prohibited  by  law  within  a  distance  of  three  miles  from  the  college, 
except  for  sacramental,  mechanical  or  medical  purposes. 

The  course  of  instruction  in  the  Agricultural  College  embraces  the  following 
branches:  Natural  Philosophy,  Chemistry, Botany,  Horticulture,  Fruit  Growing, 
Forestry,  Animal  and  Vegetable  Anatomy,  Geology,  Mineralogy,  Meteorology, 
Entomology,  Zoology,  the  Veterinary  Art,  Plane  Mensuration,  "Leveling,  Sur- 
veying, Bookkeeping,  and  such  Mechanical  Arts  as  are  directly  connected 
with  agriculture ;  also  such  other  studies  as  the  Trustees  may  from  time  to  time 
prescribe,  not  inconsistent  with  the  purposes  of  the  institution. 

The  funds  arising  from  the  lease  and  sale  of  lands  and  interest  on  invest- 
ments are  sufficient  for  the  support  of  the  institution.  Several  College  Societies 
are  maintained  among  the  students,  who  publish  a  monthly  paper.  There  is 
also  an  "  out-law  "  called  the  ^^  ATA,  Chapter  Omega." 

The  Board  of  Trustees  in  1877  was  composed  of  C.  W.  Warden,  Ottumwa, 
Chairman ;  Hon.  Samuel  J.  Kirkwood,  Iowa  City ;  William  B.  Treadway, 
Sioux  City ;  Buel  Sherman,  Fredericksburg,  and  Laurel  Summers,  Le  Claire. 
E.  W.  Starten,  Secretary  ;  William  D.  Lucas,  Treasurer. 

Board  of  Instruction. — A.  S.  Welch,  LL.  D.,  President  and  Professor  of 
Psychology  and  Philosophy  of  Science  ;  Gen.  J.  L.  Geddes,  Professor  of  ]\Iili- 
tary  Tactics  and  Engineering;  W.  H.  Wynn,  A.  M.,  Ph.  D.,  Professor  of 
English  Literature;  C.  E.  Bessey,  M.  S.,  Professor  of  Botany,  Zoology,  Ento- 
mology ;  A.  Thompson,  C.  E.,  Mechanical  Engineering  and  Superintendent  of 
Workshops;  F.  E.  L.  Beal,  B.  S.,  Civil  Engineering;  T.  E.  Pope,  A.  M., 
Chemistry;  M.  Stalker,  Agricultural  and  Veterinary  Science;  J.  L.  Budd, 
Horticulture;  J.  K.  Macomber,  Physics;  E.  W.  Stanton,  Mathematics  and 
Pohtical  Economy;  Mrs.  Margaret  P.  Stanton,  Preceptress,  Instructor  in 
French  and  Mathematics. 

THE  STATE  UNIVERSITY. 

Iowa  City,  Johnson  County. 

In  the  famous  Ordinance  of  1787,  enacted  by  Congress  before  the  Territory 
of  the  United  States  extended  beyond  the  Mississippi  River,  it  was  declared 
that  in  all  the  territory  northwest  of  the  Ohio  River,  "  Schools  and  the  means 
of  education  shall  forever  be  encouraged."  By  act  of  Congress,  approved  July 
20,  1840,  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  was  authorized  "  to  set  apart  and  re- 
serve from  sale,  out  of  any  of  the  public  lands  within  the  Territory  of  Iowa,  to 
which  the  Indian  title  has  been  or  may  be  extinguished,  and  not  otherwise  ap- 
propriated, a  quantity  of  land,  not  exceeding  the  entire  townships,  for  the  use 


188  HISTORY  OP  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

and, support  of  a  university  within  said  Territorry  when  it  becomes  a  State,  and 
for  no  other  use  or  purpose  whatever ;  to  be  located  in  tracts  of  not  less  than  an 
entire  section,  corresponding  with  any  of  the  large  divisions  into  which  the  pub- 
lic land  are  authorized  to  be  surveyed." 

William  W.  Dodge,  of  Scott  County,  was  appointed  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  to  make  the  selections.  He  selected  Section  5  in  Township  78,  north 
of  Range  3,  east  of  the  Fifth  Principal  Meridian,  and  then  removed  from  the 
Territory.  No  more  lands  were  selected  until  1846,  when,  at  the  request  of  the 
Assembly,  John  M.  Whitaker  of  Van  Buren  County,  was  appointed,  who  selected 
the  remainder  of  the  grant  except  about  122  acres. 

In  the  first  Constitution,  under  which  Iowa  was  admitted  to  the  Union,  the 
people  directed  the  disposition  of  the  proceeds  of  this  munificent  grant  in  ac- 
cordance with  its  terms,  and  instructed  the  General  Assembly  to  provide,  as  soon 
as  may  be,  fiffectual  means  for  the  improvement  and  permanent  security  of  the 
funds  of  the  university  derived  from  the  lands. 

The  first  General  Assembly,  by  act  approved  February  25, 1847,  established 
the  "  State  University  of  Iowa  "  at  Iowa  City,  then  the  capital  of  the  State, 
"with  such  other  branches  as  public  convenience  may  hereafter  require." 
The  "  public  buildings  at  Iowa  City,  together  with  the  ten  acres  of  land  in  which 
they  are  situated,"  were  granted  for  the  use  of  said  university,  provided,  how- 
ever, that  the  sessions  of  the  Legislature  and  State  offices  should  be  held  in  the 
capitol  until  otherwise  provided  by  law.  The  control  and  management  of  the 
University  were  committed  to  a  board  of  fifteen  Trustees,  to  be  appointed  by  the 
Legislature,  five  of  whom  were  to  be  chosen  bienially.  The  Superintendent 
of  Public  Instruction  was  made  President  of  this  Board.  Provisions  were  made 
for  the  disposal  of  the  two  townships  of  land,  and  for  the  investment  of  the  funds 
arising  therefrom.  The  act  further  provides  that  the  University  shall  never  be 
under  the  exclusive  control  of  any  religious  denomination  whatever,"  and  as 
soon  as  the  revenue  for  the  grant  and  donations  amounts  to  $2,000  a  year,  the 
University  should  commence  and  continue  the  instruction,  free  of  charge,  of  fifty 
students  annually.  The  General  Assembly  retained  full  supervision  over  the 
University,  its  officers  and  the  grants  and  donations  made  and  to  be  made  to  it 
by  the  State. 

Section  5  of  th^  act  appointed  James  P.  Carleton,  H.  D.  Downey,  Thomas 
Snyder,  Samuel  McCrory,  Curtis  Bates,  Silas  Foster,  E.  C.  Lyon,  James  H. 
Gower,  George  G.  Vincent,  Wm.  G.  Woodward,  Theodore  S.  Parvin,  George 
Atchinson,  S.  G.  Matson,  H.  W.  Starr  and  Ansel  Briggs,  the  first  Board  of 
Trustees. 

The  organization  of  the  University  at  Iowa  City  was  impracticable,  how- 
ever, so  long  as  the  seat  of  government  was  retained  there. 

In  January,  1849,  two  branches  of  the  University  and  three  Normal 
Schools  were  established.  The  branches  were  located — one  at  Fairfield,  and 
the  other  at  Dubuque,  and  were  placed  upon  an  equal  footing,  in  respect  to 
funds  and  all  other  matters,  with  the  University  established  at  Iowa  City. 
"This  act,"  says  Col.  Benton,  "created  three  State  Universities,  with  equal 
rights  and  powers,  instead  of  a  'University  with  such  branches  as  public  conven- 
ience may  hereafter  demand,'  as  provided  by  the  Constitution." 

The  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Fairfield  Branch  consisted  of  Barnet  Ris- 
tine.  Christian  W.  Slagle,  Daniel  Rider,  Horace  Gaylord,  Bernhart  Henn  and 
Samuel  S.  Bayard.  At  the  first  meeting  of  the  Board,  Mr.  Henn  was  elected 
President,  Mr.  Slagle  Secretary,  and  Mr.  Gaylord  Treasurer.  Twenty  acres 
of  land  were  purchased,  and   a  building  erected  thereon,  costing  $2,500. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  189 

This  building  was  nearly  destroyed  by  a  hurricane,  in  1850,  but  was  rebuilt 
more  substantially,  all  by  contributions  of  the  citizens  of  Fairfield.  This 
branch  never  received  any  aid  from  the  State  or  from  the  University  Fund, 
and  by  act  approved  January  24,  1853,  at  the  request  of  the  Board,  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly  terminated  its  relation  to  the  State. 

The  branch  at  Dubuque  was  placed  under  the  control  of  the  Superintendent 
of  Public  Instruction,  and  John  King,  Caleb  H.  Booth,  James  M.  Emerson, 
Michael  J.  Sullivan,  Richard  Benson  and  the  Governor  of  the  State  as 
Trustees.      The  Trustees  never  organized,  and  its  existence  was  only  nominal. 

The  Normal  Schools  were  located  at  Andrew,  Oskaloosa  and  Mount 
Pleasant,  respectively.  Each  was  to  be  governed  by  a  board  of  seven  Trustees,  to 
be  appointed  by  the  Trustees  of  the  University.  Each  was  to  receive  $500  annu- 
ally from  the  income  of  the  University  Fund,  upon  condition  that  they  should  ed- 
ucate eight  common  school  teachers,  free  of  charge  for  tuition,  and  that  the  citizens 
should  contribute  an  equal  sum  for  the  erection  of  the  requisite  buildings. 
The  several  Boards  of  Trustees  were  appointed.  At  Andrew,  the  school  was 
organized  Nov.  21,  1849;  Samuel  Ray,  Principal;  Miss  J.  S.  Dorr,  Assist- 
ant. A  building  was  commenced  and  over  $1,000  expended  on  it,  but  it  was 
never  completed.  At  Oskaloosa,  the  Trustees  organized  in  April,  1852.  This 
school  was  opened  in  the  Court  House,  September  13,  1852,  under  the  charge 
of  Prof.  G.  M.  Drake  and  wife.  A  two  story  brick  building  was  completed  in 
1853,  costing  $2,473.  The  school  at  Mount  Pleasant  was  never  organized. 
Neither  of  these  schools  received  any  aid  from  the  University  Fund,  but  in 
1857  the  Legislature  appropriated  $1,000  each  for  those  at  Oskaloosa  and 
Andrew,  and  repealed  the  law  authorizing  the  payment  of  money  to  them  from 
the  University  Fund.  From  that  time  they  made  no  further  effort  to 
Continue  in  operation. 

At  a  special  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  held  February  21,  1850, 
the  "  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  the  Upper  Mississippi,"  established 
at  Davenport,  was  recognized  as  the  "  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of 
the  State  University  of  Iowa,"  expressly  stipulating,  however,  that  such  recog- 
nition should  not  render  the  University  liable  for  any  pecuniary  aid,  nor  was 
the  Board  to  have  any  control  over  the  property  or  management  of  the  Medical 
Association.  Soon  after,  this  College  was  removed  to  Keokuk,  its  second  ses- 
sion being  opened  there  in  November,  1850.  In  1851,  the  General  Assembly 
confirmed  the  action  of  the  Board,  and  by  act  approved  January  22,  1855, 
placed  the  Medical  College  under  the  supervision  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of 
tlie  University,  and  it  continued  in  operation  until  this  arrangement  was  termi- 
nated by  the  new  Constitution,  September  3,  1857. 

From  1847  to  1855,  the  Board  of  Trustees  was  kept  full  by  regular  elec- 
tions by  the  Legislature,  and  the  Trustees  held  frequent  meetings,  but  there  was 
Ttn  effectual  organization  of  the  University.  In  March,  1855,  it  was  partially 
.  opened  for  a  term  of  sixteen  weeks.  July  16,  1855,  Amos  Dean,  of  Albany, 
N.  Y.,  was  elected  President,  but  he  never  entered  fully  upon  its  duties.  The 
University  was  again  opened  in  September,  1855,  and  continued  in  operation 
until  June,  1856,  under  Professors  Johnson,  Welton,  Van  Valkenburg  and 
Gufiin.  ^     ^-  . 

In  the  Spring  of  1856,  the  capital  of  the  State  was  located  at  Des  Homes; 
but  there  were  no  buildings  there,  and  the  capitol  at  Iowa  City  was  not  vacated 
by  the  State  until  December,  1857. 

In  June,  1856,  the  faculty  was  re-organized,  with  some  changes,  and  the 
University  was  again  opened  on  the  third  Wednesday  of  September,  185b. 


190  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

There  were  one  hundred  and  twenty-four  students — eighty-three  males  and 
forty-one  females — in  attendance  during  the  year  1856-7,  and  the  first  regular 
catalogue  was  published. 

At  a  special  meeting  of  the  Board,  September  22,  1857,  the  honorary  de- 
gree of  Bachelor  of  Arts  was  conferred  on  D.  Franklin  Wells.  This  was  the 
first  degree  conferred  by  the  Board. 

Article  IX,  Section  11,  of  the  new  State  Constitution,  which  went  into  force 

September  3,  1857,  provided  as  follows  :  , 

The  State  University  shall  be  established  at  one  place,  -without  branches  at  any  other  place ; 
and  the  University  fund  shall  be  applied  to  that  institution,  and  no  other. 

Article  XI,  Section  8,  provided  that 

The  seat  of  Government  is  hereby  permanently  established,  as  now  fixed  by  law,  at  the  city 
of  Des  Moines,  in  the  county  of  Polk  ;  and  the  State  University  at  Iowa  City,  in  the  county  of 
Johnson. 

The  new  Constitution  created  the  Board  of  Education,  consisting  of  the 
Lieutenant  Governor,  who  was  ex  officio  President,  and  one  member  ip  be  elected 
from  each  judicial  district  in  the  State.  This  Board  was  endowed  with 
"  full  power  and  authority  to  legislate  and  make  all  needful  rules  and  regula- 
tions in  relation  to  common  schools  and  other  educational  institutions,"  subject 
to  alteration,  amendment  or  repeal  by  the  General  Assembly,  which  was  vested 
with  authority  to  abolish  or  re-organize  the  Board  at  any  time  after  1863. 

In  December,  1857,  the  old  capitol  building,  now  known  as  Central  Hall  of 
the  University,  except  the  rooms  occupied  by  the  United  States  District  Court, 
and  the  property,  with  that  exception,  passed  under  the  control  of  the  Trustees, 
and  became  the  seat  of  the  University.  The  old  building  had  had  hard  usage, 
and  its  arrangement  Was  illy  adapted  for  University  purposes.  Extensive  repairs 
and  changes  were  necessary,  but  the  Board  was  without  funds  for  these  pur- 
poses. 

The  last  meeting  of  the  Board,  under  the  old  law,  was  held  in  January, 
1858.  At  this  meeting,  a  resolution  was  introduced,  and  seriously  considered, 
to  exclude  females  from  the  University ;  but  it  finally  failed. 

March  12,  1858,  the  first  Legislature  under  the  new  Constitution  enacted 
a  new  law  in  relation  to  the  University,  but  it  was  not  materially  difierent  from 
the  former.  March  11,  1858,  the  Legislature  appropriated  $3,000  for  the  re- 
pair and  modification  of  the  old  capitol  building,  and  $10,000  for  the  erection 
of  a  boarding  house,  now  known  as  South  Hall. 

The  Board  of  Trustees  created  by  the  new  law  met  and  duly  organized 
April  27, 1858,  and  determined  to  close  the  University  until  the  income  from  its 
fund  should  be  adequate  to  meet  the  current  expenses,  and  the  buildings  should 
be  ready  for  occupation.  Until  this  term,  the  building  known  as  the  "  Mechan- 
ics' Academy"  had  been  used  for  the  school.  The  Faculty,  except  the  Chan- 
cellor (Dean),  was  dismissed,  and  all  further  instruction  suspended,  from  the  close 
of  the  term  then  in  progress  until  September,  1859.  At  this  meeting;  a  reso- 
lution was  adopted  excluding  females  from  the  University  after  the  close  of  the 
existing  term  ;  but  this  was  afterward,  in  August,  modified,  so  as  to  admit  them 
to  the  Normal  Department. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Board,  August  4,  1858,  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of 
Science  was  conferred  upon  Dexter  Edson  Smith,  being  the  first  degree  con- 
ferred upon  a  student  of  the  University.  Diplomas  were  awarded  to  the  mem- 
bers of  the  first  graduating  class  of  the  Normal  Department  as  follows:  Levi 
P.  Aylworth,  Cellina  H.  Aylworth,  Elizabeth  L.  Humphrey,  Annie  A.  Pinney 
and  Sylvia  M.  Thompson. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  y^i 

An  "Act  for  the  Government  and  Regulation  of  the  State  University  of 
Iowa  approyed  December  25  1858,  was  mainly  a  re-enactment  of  the  laj  of 
March  IZ,  1868,  except  that  changes  were  made  in  the  Board  of  Trustees  and 
manner  of  their  appointment.  This  law  provided  that  both  sexes  were  to  be 
admitted  on  equal  terms  to  all  departments  of  the  institution,  leaving  the  Board 
no  discretion  in  the  matter.  ^ 

The  nevv  Board  mel  and  organized,  February  2,  1859,  and  decided  to  con- 
tinue the  Normal  Department  only  to  the  end  of  the  current  term,  and  that  it 
was  unwise  to  re-open  the  University  at  that  time;  but  at  the  annual  meeting 
ot  the  Board,  m  June  of  the  same  year,  it  was  resolved  to  continue  the  Normal 
Department  in  operation ;  and  at  a  special  meeting,  October  25  1859  it  was 
decided  to  re-open  the  University  in  September,  1860.  Mr.  Dean  had  resigned 
as  Chancellor  prior  to  this  meeting,  and  Silas  Totten,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  was  elected 
President,  at  a  salary  of  $2,000,  and  his  term  commenced  June,  1860 

At  the  annual  meeting,  June  28,  1860,  a  full  Faculty  was  appointed,  and 
the  University  re-opened,  under  this  new  organization,  September  19,  1860 
(third  Wednesday) ;  and  at  this  date  the  actual  existence  of  the  University  may 
be  said  to  commence. 

August  19,  1862,  Dr.  Totten  having  resigned.  Prof  Oliver  M.  Spencer 
was  elected  President  and  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws  was  conferred 
upon  Judge  Samuel  F.  Miller,  of  Keokuk. 

At  the  commencement,  in  June,  1863,  was  the  first  class  of  graduates  in 
the  Collegiate  Department. 

The  Board  of  Education  was  abolished  March  19,  1864,  and  the  office  of 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  was  restored;  the  General  Assembly 
resumed  control  of  the  subject  of  education,  and  on  March  21,  an  act  was  ap- 
proved for  the  government  of  the  University.  It  was  substantially  the  same  as 
the  former  law,  but  provided  that  the  Governor  should  be  ex  officio  President  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees.  Until  1858,  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction 
had  been  ex  officio  President.  During  the  period  of  the  Board  of  Education, 
the  University  Trustees  were  elected  by  it,  and  elected  their  own  President. 

President  Spencer  was  granted  leave  of  absence  from  April  10,  1866,  for 
fifteen  months,  to  visit  Europe;  and  Prof  Nathan  R.  Leonard  was  elected 
President  jpro  tern. 

The  North  Hall  was  completed  late  in  1866. 

At  the  annual  meeting  in  June,  1867,  the  resignation  of  President  Spencer 
(absent  in  Europe)  was  accepted,  and  Prof.  Leonard  continued  as  President  pro 
tern.,  until  March  4,  1868,  when  James  Black,  D.  D.,  Vice  President  of  "Wash- 
ington and  Jefferson  College,  Penn.,  was  elected  President.  Dr.  Black  entered 
upon  his  duties  in  September,  1868. 

The  Law  Department  was  established  in  June,  1868,  and,  in  September  fol- 
lowing, an  arrangement  was  perfected  with  the  Iowa  Law  School,  at  Des  Moines, 
which  had  been  in  successful  operation  for  three  years,  under  the  management 
of  Messrs.  George  G.  Wright,  Chester  C.  Cole  and  William  G.  Hammond,  by 
which  that  institution  was  transferred  to  Iowa  City  and  merged  in  the  Law  De- 
partment of  the  University.  The  Faculty  of  this  department  consisted  of  the 
President  of  the  University,  Hon.  Wm.  G.  Hammond,  Resident  Professor  and 
Principal  of  the  Department,  and  Professors  G.  G.  Wright  and  C.  C.  Cole. 

Nine  students  entered  at  the  commencement  of  the  first  term,  and  during 
the  year  ending  June,  1877,  there  were  103  students  in  this  department. 

At  a  special  meeting  of  the  Board,  on  the  17th  of  September,  1868,  a  Com- 
mittee was  appointed  to  consider  the  expediency  of  establishing  a  Medical  De- 


192  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

partment.  This  Committee  reported  at  once  in  favor  of  the  proposition,  the 
Faculty  to  consist  of  the  President  of  the  University  and  seven  Professors,  and 
recommended  that,  if  practicable,  the  new  department  should  be  opened  at  the 
commencement  of  the  University  year,  in  1869-70.  At  this  meeting,  Hon. 
Ezekiel  Clark  was  elected  Treasurer  of  the  University. 

By  an  act  of  the  General  Assembly,  approved  April  11,  1870,  the  "Board 
of  Regents"  was  instituted  as  the  governing  power  of  the  University,  and  since 
that  time  it  has  been  the  fundamental  law  of  the  institution.  The  Board  of 
Regents  held  its  first  meeting  June  28,  1870.  Wm.  J.  Haddock  was  elected 
Secretary,  and  Mr.  Clark,  Treasurer. 

Dr.  Black  tendered  his  resignation  as  President,  at  a  special  meeting  of  the 
Board,  held  August  18,  1870,  to  take  effect  on  the  1st  of  December  following. 
His  resignation  was  accepted. 

The  South  Hall  having  been  fitted  up  for  the  purpose,  the  first  term  of  the 
Medical  Department  was  opened  October  24, 1870,  and  continued  until  March, 
1871,  at  which  time  there  were  three  graduates  and  thirty-nine  students. 

March  1,  1871,  Rev.  George  Thacher  was  elected  President  of  the  Univer- 
sity. Mr.  Thacher  accepted,  entered  upon  his  duties  April  1st,  and  was  form- 
ally inaugurated  at  the  annual  meeting  in  June,  1861. 

In  June,  1874,  the  "  Chair  of  Military  Instruction  "  was  established,  and 
the  President  of  the  United  States  was  requested  to  detail  an  officer  to  perform 
its  duties.  In  compliance  with  this  request,  Lieut.  A.  D.  Schenck,  Second  Artil- 
lery, U.  S.  A.,  was  detailed  as  "Professor  of  Military  Science  and  Tactics," 
at  Iowa  State  University,  by  order  of  the  War  Department,  August  26,  1874, 
who  reported  for  duty  on  the  10th  of  September  following.  Lieut.  Schenck 
was  relieved  by  Lieut.  James  Chester,  Third  Artillery,  January  1,  1877. 

Treasurer  Clark  resigned  November  3,  1875,  and  John  N.  Coldren  elected 
in  his  stead. 

At  the  annual  meeting,  in  1876,  a  Department  of  Homoeopathy  was 
established. 

In  March,  1877,  a  resolution  was  adopted  affiliating  the  High  Schools  of 
the  State  with  the  University. 

In  June,  1877,  Dr.  Thacher's  connection  with  the  University  was  termi- 
nated, and  C.  W.  Slagle,  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Regents,  was  elected  Pres- 
ident. 

In  1872,  the  ex  officio  membership  of  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruc- 
tion was  abolished ;  but  it  was  restored  in  1876.  Following  is  a  catalogue' of 
the  officers  of  this  important  institution,  from  1847  to  1878.:  h 

TRUSTEES    OR   REGENTS. 

PRESIDENTS. 

FROM  TO 

Jamea  Harlan,  Superintendent  Public  Instruction,  ex  officio 1847  1848 

Thomaa  H.  Benton,  Jr,,  Superintendent  Public  Instruction,  ex  ofScio 1848  1854 

James  D.  Eads,  Superintendent  Public  Instruction,  ex  officio 1854  1857 

Maturin  L.  Fisher,  Superintendent  Public  Instruction,  ex  officio 1857  1858 

Amos  Dean,  Chancellor,  ex  officio 1858  1859 

Thomas  H.  Benton,  Jr 1859  1863 

Francis  Springer 1863  1864 

William  M.  Stone,  Governor,  ex  officio 1864  1888 

Samuel  Merrill,  Governor,  ex  officio 1868  1872 

Cyrus  C.  Carpenter,  Governor,  ex  officio 1872  1876 

SamuelJ.  Kirkwood,  Governor,  ex  officio 1876  1877 

Joshua  G.  Newbold,  Governor,  ex  officio 1877  1878 

John  H.  Gear 1878  


HISTORY  OP  THE  STATE  OP  IOWA.  193 

VICE   PRESIDENTS.  ,j^Ojj  .,„ 

Silas  Foster 1847  1851 

Robert  Jiucas 1851  1853 

Edward  Connelly 1854  1855 

Moses  J.  Morsman 1855  1858 

SECKETARIES. 

Hugh  D.  Downey 1847  1851 

Anson  Hart 1851  1857 

Elijah  Sells 1857<  1858 

Anson  Hart 1858  1864 

William  J.  Haddock 1864  

TREASURERS. 

Morgan  Reno,  State  Treasurer,  ex  oflScio 1847  1850 

Israel  Kister,  State  Treasurer,  ex  officio 1850  1852 

Martin  L.  Morris,  State  Treasurer,  ex  officio 1852  1855 

Henry  W.  Lathrop -..  1855  1862 

William  Crum 1862  1868 

Ezekiel  Clark 1868  1876 

John  N.  Coldren 1876  

PRESIDENTS   OP  THE  UNIVERSITY. 

Amos  Dean,  LL.  D 1855  1858 

Silas  Totten,  Bi.  D.,  LL.  D 1860  1862 

Oliver  M.  Spencer,  D.  D.* 1862  1867 

James  Black,  D.  D 1868  1870 

George  Thacher,  D.  D 1871  1877 

C.  W.  Slagle 1877 

The  present  educational  corps  of  the  University  consists  of  the  President, 
nine  Professors  in  the  Collegiate  Department,  one  Professor  and  six  Instructors 
in  Military  Science  ;  Chancellor,  three  Professors  and  four  Lecturers  in  the 
Law  Department ;  eight  Professor  Demonstrators  of  Anatomy ;  Prosector  of 
Surgery  and  two  Lecturers  in  the  Medical  Department,  and  two  Professors  in 
the  Homoeopathic  Medical  Department. 

STATE  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 

By  act  of  the  General  Assembly,  approved  January  28,  1857,  a  State  His-  , 
torical  Society  was  provided  for  in  connection  with  the  University.  At  the 
commencement,  an  appropriation  of  $250  was  made,  to  be  expended  in  collecting, 
embodying,  and  preserving  in  an  authentic  form  a  library  of  books,  pamphlets, 
charts,  maps,  manuscripts,  papers,  paintings,  statuary,  and  other  materials  illus- 
trative of  the  history  of  Iowa;  and  with  the  further  object  to  rescue  from 
oblivion  the  memory  of  the  early  pioneers ;  to  obtain  and  preserve  various 
accounts  of  their  exploits,  perils  and  hardy  adventures ;  to  secure  facts  and 
statements  relative  to  the  history  and  genius,  and  progress  and  decay  of  the 
Indian  trib«s  of  Iowa ;  to  exhibit  faithfully  the  antiquities  and  past  and  present 
resources  of  the  State ;  to  aid  in  the  publication  of  such  collections  of  the  Society 
as  shall  from  time  to  time  be  deemed  of  value  and  interest;  to  aid  in  binding 
its  books,  pamphlets,  manuscripts  ahd  papers,  and  in  defraying  other  necessary 
incidental  expenses  of  the  Society.  .„   ,     ^         ,  .         i,i 

There  was  appropriated  by  law  to  this  institution,  till  the  General  Assembly 
shall  otherwise  direct,  the  sum  of  $500  per  annum.  The  Society  is  under  the 
management  of  a  Foard  of  Curators,  consisting  of  eighteen  persons,  nine  ot 
whom  are  appointed  by  the  Governor,  and  nine  elected  by  the  members  of  the 
Society.     The  Curators  receive  no  compensation  for  their  services,     ihe  annual 


194  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

meeting  is  provided  for  by  law,  to  be  held  at  Iowa  City  on  Monday  preceding 
the  last  Wednesday  in  June  of  each  year. 

The  State  Historical  Society  has  published  a  series  of  very  valuable  collec- 
tions, including  history,  biography,  sketches,  reminiscences,  etc.,  with  quitb  a 
large  number  of  finely  engraved  portraits  of  prominent  and  early  settlers,  under 
the  title  of  "  Annals  of  Iowa." 

THE  PENITENTIARY. 

Located  at  Fort  Madison,  Lee  County. 

The  first  act  of  the  Territorial  Legislature,  relating  to  a  Penitentiary  in 
Iowa,  was  approved  January  25,  1839,  the  fifth  section  of  which  authorized  the 
Governor  to  draw  the  sum  of  $20,000  appropriated  by  an  act  of  Congress  ap- 
proved July  7, 1838,  for  public  buildings  in  the  Territory  of  Iowa.  It  provided 
for  a  Board  of  Directors  of  three  persons  elected  by  the  Legislature,  who  should 
direct  the  building  of  the  Penitentiary,  which  should  be  located  within  one  mile 
of  the  public  square,  in  the  town  of  Fort  Madison,  Lee  County,  provided  Fort 
Madison  should  deed  to  the  directors  a  tract  of  land  suitable  for  a  site,  and  assign 
them,  by  contract,  a  spring  or  stream  of  water  for  the  use  of  the  Penitentiary. 
To  the  Directors  was  also  given  the  power  of  appointing  the  Warden ;  the  latter 
to  appoint  his  own  assistants. 

The  first  Directors  appointed  were  John  S.  David  and  John  Claypole.  They 
made  their  first  report  to  the  Legislative  Council  November  9,  1839.  The  citi- 
zens of  the  town  of  Fort  Madison  had  executed  a  deed  conveying  ten  acres  of 
land  for  the  building  site.  Amos  Ladd  was  appointed  Superintendent  of  the 
building  June  5,  1839.  The  building  was  designed  of  sufiicient  capacity  to  con- 
tain one  hundred  and  thirty-eight  convicts,  and  estimated  to  cost  $55,983.90. 
It  was  begun  on  the  9th  of  July,  1839 ;  the  main  building  and  Warden's  house 
were  completed  in  the  Fall  of  1841.  Other  additions  were  made  from  time  to 
time  till  the  building  and  arrangements  were  all  complete  according  to  the  plan 
of  the  Directors.  It  has  answered  the  purpose  of  the  State  as  a  Penitentiary 
for  more  than  thirty  years,  and  during  that  period  many  items  of  practical  ex- 
perience in  prison  management  have  been  gained. 

It  has  long  been  a  problem  how  to  conduct  prisons,  and  deal  with  what  are 
called  the  criminal  classes  generally,  so  as  to  secure  their  best  good  and  best 
subserve  the  interests  of  the  State.  Both  objects  must  be  taken  into  considera- 
tion in  any  humaritarian  view  of  the  subject.  This  problem  is  not  yet  solved, 
but  Iowa  has  adopted  the  progressive  and  enlightened  policy  of  humane  treat- 
ment of  prisoners  and  the  utilization  of  their  labor  for  their  own  support.  The 
labor  ofe  the  convicts  in  the  Iowa  Penitentiary,  as  in  most  others  in  the  United 
States,  is  let  out  to  contractors,  who  pay  the  State  a  certain  stipulated  amount 
therefor,  the  State  furnishing  the  shops,  tools  and  machinery,  as  well  as  the 
supervision  necessary  to  preserve  order  and  discipline  in.  the  prison. 

While  this  is  an  improvement  upon  the  old  solitary  confinement  system,  it 
still  falls  short  of  an  enlightened  reformatory  system  that  in  the  future  will 
treat  the  criminal  ioii  mental  disease  and  endeavor  to  restore  him  to  usefulness 
in  the  community.  The  objections  urged  against  the  contract  system  of  dis- 
posing of  the  labor  of  prisoners,  that  it  brings  the  labor  of  honest  citizens  into 
competition  with  convict  labor  at  reduced  prices,  and  is  disadvantageous  to  the 
State,  are  not  without  force,  and  the  system  will  have  no  place  in  the  prisons  of 
the  future. 


raLO^ 


JOLONYTP. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  195 

It  is  right  that  the  convict  should  labor.  He  should  not  be  allowed  to  live 
in  idleness  at  public  expense.  Honest  men  labor  ;  why  should  not  they?  Hon- 
est men  are  entitled  to  the  fruits  of  their  toil ;  why  should  not  the  convict  as 
well  ?  The  convict  is  sent  to  the  Penitentiary  to  secure  public  safety.  The 
State  deprives  him  of  his  liberty  to  accomplish  this  purpose  and  to  punish  him 
for  violations  of  law,  but,  having  done  this,  the  State  wrongs  both  itself  and  the 
criminal  by  confiscating  his  earnings  ;  because  it  deprives  his  family  of  what 
justly  belongs  to  them,  and  an  enlightened  civilization  will  ere  long  demand 
that  the  prisoner  in  the  penitentiary,  after  paying  a  fair  price  for  his  board,  is 
as  justly  entitled  to  his  net  earnings  as  the  good  citizen  outside  its  walls,  and 
his  family,  if  he  has  one,  should  be  entitled  to  draw  his  earnings  or  stated  portion 
of  them  at  stated  periods.  If  he  has  no  family,  then  if  his  net  earnings  should 
be  set  aside  to  his  credit  and  paid  over  to  him  at  the  expiration  of  his  term  of 
imprisonment,  he  would  not  be  turned  out  upon  the  cold  charities  of  a  somewhat 
Pharisaical  world,  penniless,  with  the  brand  of  the  convict  upon  his  brow,  with 
no  resource  save  to  sink  still  deeper  in  crime.  Let  Iowa,  "  The  Beautiful  Land," 
be  first  to  recognize  the  rights  of  its  convicts  to  the  fruits  of  their  labor  ;  keep 
their  children  from  the  alms-house,  and  place  a  powerful  incentive  before  them 
to  become  good  citizens  when  they  return  to  the  busy  world  again. 


ADDITIONAL  PENITENTIARY. 

Located  at  Anamosa,  Jones  County. 

By  an  act  of  the  Fourteenth  General  Assembly,  approved  April  23,  1872, 
William  lire,  Foster  L.  Downing  and  Martin  Heisey  were  constituted  Commis- 
sioners to  locate  and  provide  for  the  erection  and  control  of  an  additional 
Penitentiary  for  the  State  of  Iowa.  These  Commissioners  met  on  the  4th  of 
the  following  June,  at  Anamosa,  Jones  County,  and  selected  a  site  donated  by 
the  citizens,  within  the  limits  of  the  city.  L.  W.  Foster  &  Co.,  architects,  of 
Des  Moines,  furnished  the  plan,  drawings  and  specifications,  and  work  was 
commenced  on  the  building  on  the  28th  day  of  September,  1872.  May  13, 
1873,  twenty  convicts  were  transferred  to  Anamosa  from  the  Fprt  Madison 
Penitentiary.  The  entire  enclosure  includes  fifteen  acres,  with  a  frontage  of 
663  feet. 

IOWA  HOSPITAL  FOR  THE  INSANE. 
Mount  Pleasant,  Henry  County. 
By  an  act  of  the  General  Assembly  of  Iowa,  approved  January  24,  1855, 
$4,425  were  appropriated  for  the  purchase  of  a  site,  and  $50,000  for  building 
an  Insane  Hospital,  and  the  Governor  (Grimes),  Edward  Johnston,  of  Lee 
County,  and  Charles  S.  Blake,  of  Henry  County,  were  appointed  to  locate  the 
institution  and  superintend  the  erection  of  the  building.  These  Commission- 
ers located  the  institution  at  Mt.  Pleasant,  Henry  County.  A  plan  for  a 
building  designed  to  accommodate  300  patients,  drawn  by  Dr.  Bell,  of  Massa- 
chusetts, was  accepted,  and  in  October  work  was  commenced  under  the  superin- 
tendence of  Mr.  Henry  Winslow.  Up  to  February  25,  1858,  and  including  an 
appropriation  made  on  that  date,  the  Legislature  had  appropriated  $258,555.b7 
to  this  institution,  but  the  building  was  not  finished  ready  for  occupancy  by 
patients  until  March  1,  1861.  The  Trustees  were  Maturin  L.  Fisher,  Presi- 
dent,  Farmersburg;    Samuel  McFarland,   Secretary,  Mt.  Pleasant;    D.  L. 


196  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

McGugin,  Keokuk;  G.  W.  Kincaid,  Muscatine;  J.  D.  Elbert,  Keosauqua; 
John  B.  Lash  and  Harpin  Riggs,  Mt.  Pleasant.  Richard  J.  Patterson,  M.  D., 
of  Ohio,  was  elected  Superintendent;  Dwight  C.  Dewey,  M.  D..,  Assistant 
Physician;  Henry  Winslow,  Steward;  Mrs.  Catharine  Winslow,  Matron. 
The  Hospital  was  formally  opened  March  6,  1861,  and  one  hundred  patients 
were  admitted  within  three  months.  About  1865,  Dr.  Mark  Ranney  became 
Superintendent.  April  18,  1876,  a  portion  of  the  hospital  building  was 
destroyed  by  fire.  From  the  opening  of  the  Hospital  to  the  close  of  October, 
1877,  3,584  patients  had  been  admitted.  Of  these,  1,141  were  discharged 
recovered,  505  discharged  improved,  589  discharged  unimproved,  ,and  1  died ; 
total  discharged,  2,976,  leaving  608  inmates.  During  this  period,  there  were 
1,384  females  admitted,  whose  occupation  was  registered  "domestic  duties;" 
122,  no  occupation;  25,  female  teachers;  11,  seamstresses;  and  25,  servants. 
Among  the  males  were  916  farmers,  394  laborers,  205  without  occupation,  39 
cabinet  makers,  23  brewers,  31  clerks,  26  merchants,  12  preachers,  18  shoe- 
makers, 13  students,  14  tailors,  13  teachers,  14  agents,  17  masons,  7  lawyers, 
7  physicians,  4  saloon  keepers,  3  salesmen,  2  artists,  and  1  editor.  The  pro- 
ducts of  the  farm  and  garden,  in  1876,  amounted  to  $13,721.26. 

Trustees,  1877 .-—T.  Whiting,  President,  Mt.  Pleasant;  Mrs.  E.  M.  Elliott, 
Secretary,  Mt.  Pleasant ;  William  C.  Evans,  West  Liberty ;  L.  E.  Fellows, 
Lansing ;  and  Samuel  Klein,  Keokuk  ;  Treasurer,  M.  Edwards,  Mt.  Pleasant. 

Resident  Officers: — Mark  Ranney,  M.  D.,  Medical  Superintendent;  H.  M. 
Bassett,  M.  D.,  First  Assistant  Physician;  M.  Riordan,  M.  D.,  Second  Assistant 
Physician ;  Jennie  McCowen,  M.  D.,  Third  Assistant  Physician  ;  J.  W.  Hender- 
son, Steward ;  Mrs.  Martha  W.  Ranney,  Matron ;  Rev.  Milton  Sutton, 
Chaplain. 

HOSPITAL  FOR  THE  INSANE. 
Independence,  Buchanan  County. 

In  the  Winter  of  1867-8,  a  bill  providing  for  an  additional  Hospital  for  the 
Insane  was  passed  by  the  Legislature,  and  an  appropriation  of  $125,000  was 
made  for  that  purpose.  Maturin  L.  Fisher,  of  Clayton  County ;  E.  G.  Morgan, 
of  Webster  County,  and  Albert  Clark,  of  Buchanan  County,  were  appointed 
Commissioners  to  locate  and  supervise  the  erection  of  the  Building.  Mr.  Clark 
died  about  a  year  after  his  appointment,  and  Hon.  G.  W.  Bemis,  of  Indepen- 
dence, was  appointed  to  fill  the  vacancy. 

The  Commissioners  met  and  commenced  their  labors  on  the  8th  day  of 
June,  1868,  at  Independence.  The  act  under  which  they  were  appointed 
required  them  to  select  the  most  eligible  and  desirable  location,  of  not  less  than 
320  acres,  within  two  miles  of  the  city  of  Independence,  that  might  be  offered 
by  the  citizens  free  of  charge  to  the  State.  Several  such  tracts  were  oifered, 
but  the  Commissioners  finally  selected  the  south  half  of  southwest  quarter  oi 
Section  5 ;  the  north  half  of  northeast  quarter  of  Section  7  ;  the  north  half  of 
northwest  quarter  of  Section  8,  and  the  north  half  of  northeast  quarter  of  Sec- 
tion 8,  all  in  Township  88  north.  Range  9  west  of  the  Fifth  Principal  Meridian. 
This  location  is  on  the  west  side  of  the  Wapsipinicon  River,  and  about  a  mile 
from  its  banks,  and  about  the  same  distance  from  Independence. 

Col.  S.  V.  Shipman,  of  Madison,  Wis.,  was  employed  to  prepare  plans, 
specifications  and  drawings  of  the  building,  which,  when  completed,  were  sub- 
mitted to  Dr.  M.  Ranney,  Superintendent  of  the  Hospital  at  Mount  Pleasant, 
who  suggested  several  improvements.     The  contract  for  erecting  the  building 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  197 

was  awarded  to  Mr.  David  Armstrong,  of  Dubuque,  for  $88,114.  The  con- 
tract was  signed  November  7,  1868,  and  Mr.  Armstrong  at  once  commenced 
work.  Mr.  George  Josselyn  was  appointed  to  superintend  the  work.  The 
main  buildings  were  constructed  of  dressed  limestone,  from  the  quaiTies  at 
Anamosa  and  Farley.  The  basements  are  of  tlje  local  granite  worked  from  the 
immense  boulders  found  in  large  quantities  in  this  portion  of  the  State. 

In  1872,  the  building  was  so  far  completed  that  the  Commissioners  called 
the  first  meeting  of  the  Trustees,  on  the  10th  day  of  July  of  that  year.  These 
Trustees  were  Maturin  L.  Fisher,  Mrs.  P.  A.  Appleman,  T.  W.  Fawcett,  C. 
C.  Parker,  E.  G.  Morgan,  George  W.  Bemis  and  John  M.  Boggs.  This  board 
was  organized,  on  the  day  above  mentioned,  by  the  election  of  lion.  M.  L. 
Fisher,  President ;  Rev.  J.  G.  Boggs,  Secretary,  and  George  W.  Bemis,  Treas- 
urer,' and,  after  adopting  preliminary  measures  for  organizing  the  local  govern- 
ment of  the  hospital,  adjourned  to  the  first  Wednesday  of  the  following  Septem- 
ber. A  few  days  before  this  meeting,  Mr.  Boggs  died  of  malignant  fever, 
and  Dr.  John  G.  House  was  appointed  to  fill  the  vacancy.  Dr.  House  was 
elected  Secretary.  At  this  meeting,  Albert  Reynolds,  M.  D.,  was  elected 
Superintendent;  George  Josselyn,  Steward,  and  Mrs.  Anna  B.  Josselyn, 
Matron.  .  September  4,  1873,  Dr.  Willis  Butterfield  was  elected  Assistant 
Physician.     The  building  was  ready  for  occupancy  April  21,  1873. 

In  the  Spring  of  1876,  a  contract  was  made  with  Messrs.  Mackay  &  Lundy, 
of  Independence,  for  furnishing  materials  for  building  the  outside  walls  of  the 
two  first  sections  of  the  south  wing,  next  to  the  center  building,  for  $6,250. 
The  carpenter  work  on  the  fourth  and  fifth  stories  of  the  center  building  was 
completed  during  the  same  year,  and  the  wards  were  furnished  and  occupied  by 
patients  in  the  Fall. 

In  1877,  the  south  wing  was  built,  but  it  will  not  be  completed  ready  for 
occupancy  until  next  Spring  or  Summer  (1878). 

October  1,  1877,  the  Superintendent  reported  322  patients  in  this  hospital, 
and  it  is  now  overcrowded. 

The  Board  of  Trustees  at  present  (1878)  are  as  follows:  Maturin  L. 
Fisher,  President,  Farmersburg ;  John  G.  House,  M.  D.,  Secretary,  Indepen- 
dence ;  Wm.  G.  Donnan,  Treasurer,  Independence  ;  Erastus  G.  Morgan,  Fort 
Dodge ;  Mrs.  Prudence  A.  Appleman,  Clermont ;  and  Stephen  E.  Robinson, 
M.  D.,  West  Union. 

RESIDENT   OFFICERS. 

Albert  Reynolds,  M.  D.,  Superintendent ;  G.  H.  Hill,  M.  D.,  Assistant 
Physician;  Noyes  Appleman,  Steward;  Mrs.  Lucy  M.  Gray,  Matron. 

IOWA  COLLEGE  FOR  THE  BLIND, 

Vinton,  Benton  County. 

In  August,  1852,  Prof  Samuel  Bacon,  himself  blind,  established  an  Insti- 
tution for  the  Instruction  of  the  Blind  of  Iowa,  at  Keokuk. 

By  act  of  the  General  Assembly,  entitled  "  An  act  to  establish  an  Asylum 
for  the  Blind,"  approved  January  18,  1853,  the  institution  was  adopted  by  the 
State,  removed  to  Iowa  City,  February  3d,  and  opened  for  the  reception  of  pupils 
April  4,  1853,  free  to  all  the  blind  in  the  State. 

The  first  Board  of  Trustees  were  James  D.  Eads,  President;  George  W. 
McClarv,  Secretary ;  James  H.  Gower,  Treasurer ;  Martin  L.  Morris,  Stephen 
Hempstead,  Morgan  Reno  and  John  McCaddon.     The  Board  appointed  Prof 


198  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

Samuel  Bacon,  Principal ;  T.  J.  McGittigen,  Teacher  of  Music,  and  Mrs.  Sarah 
K.  Bacon,  Matron.     Twenty-three  pupils  were  admitted  during  the  first  term. 

In  his  first  report,  made  in  1854,  Prof.  Bacon  suggested  that  the  name 
should  be  changed  from  "  Asylum  for  the  Blind,"  to  that  of  "  Institution  for 
the  Instruction  of  the  Blind."  This  was  done  in  1855,  when  the  General  As- 
sembly made  an  annual  appropriation  for  the  College  of  $55  per  quarter  for 
each  pupil.  This  was  subsequently  changed  to  $3,000  per  annum,  and  a  charge 
of  $25  as  an  admission  fee  for  each  pupil,  which  sum,  with  the  amounts  realized 
from  the  sale  of  articles  manufactured  by  the  blind  pupils,  proved  sufiicient  for 
the  expenses  of  the  institution  during  Mr.  Bacon's  administration.  Although 
Mr.  Bacon  was  blind,  he  was  a  fine  scholar  and  an  economical  manager,  and 
had  founded  the  Blind  Asylum  at  Jacksonville',  Illinois.  As  a  mathematician 
he  had  few  superiors. 

On  the  8th  of  May,  1858,  the  Trustees  met  at  Vinton,  and  made  arrange- 
ments for  securing  the  donation  of  $5,000  made  by  the  citizens  of  that  town. 

In  June  of  that  year,  a  quarter  section  of  land  was  donated  for  the  College, 
by  John  W.  0.  Webb  and  others,  and  the  Trustees  adopted  a  plan  for  the 
erection  of  a  suitable  building.  In  1860,  the  plan  was  modified,  and  the  con- 
tract for  enclosing  let  to  Messrs.  Finkbine  &  Lovelace,  for  $10,420. 

In  August,  1862,  the  building  was  so  far  completed  that  the  goods  and  fur- 
uiture  of  the  institution  were  removed  from  Iowa  City  to  Vinton,  and  early  in 
October,  the  school  was  opened  there  with  twenty-four  pupils.  At  this  time, 
Eev.  Orlando  Clark  was  Principal. 

In  August,  1864,  a  new  Board  of  Trustees  were  appointed  by  the  Legislar 
ture,  consisting  of  James  McQuin,  President;  Reed  Wilkinson,  Secretary ;  Jas. 
Chapin,  Treasurer;  Robert  Gilchrist,  Elijah  Sells  and  Joseph  Dysart,  organized 
and  made  important  changes.  Rev.  Reed  Wilkinson  succeeded  Mr.  Clark  as 
Principal.  Mrs.  L.  S.  B.  Wilkinson  and  Miss  Amelia  Butler  were  appointed 
Assistant  Teachers ;  Mrs.  N.  A.  Morton,  Matron. 

Mr.  Wilkinson  resigned  in  June,  1867,  and  Gen.  James  L.  Geddes  was 
appointed  in  his  place.  In  September,  1869,  Mr.  Geddes  retired,  and  was 
succeeded  by  Prof.  S.  A.Knapp.  Mrs.  S.  C.  Lawton  was  appointed  Matron, 
and  was  succeeded  by  Mrs.  M.  A.   Knapp.     Prof.  Knapp  resigned  July  1, 

1875,  and  Prof.   Orlando  Clark  was   elected  Principal,   who   died  April  2, 

1876,  and  was  succeeded  by  John  B.  Parmalee,  who  retired  in  July,  1877, 
when  the  present  incumbent.  Rev.  Robert  Carothers,,was  elected. 

Trustees,  1877-8. — Jeremiah  L.  Gay,  President ;  S.  H.  Watson,  Treasurer; 
H.  C.  Piatt,  Jacob  Springer,  C.  L.  Flint  and  P.  F.  Sturgis. 

Faculty. — Principal,  Rev.  Robert  Carothers,  A.  M. ;  Matron,  Mrs.  Emeline 
E.  Carothers;  Teachers,  Thomas  F.  McCune,  A.  B.,  Miss  Grace  A.  Hill, 
Mrs.  C.  A.  Spencer,  Miss  Mary  Baker,  Miss  C.  R.  Miller,  Miss  Lorana  Mat> 
tice,  Miss  A.  M.  McCutcheon ;  Musical  Director,  S.  0.  Spencer. 

The  Legislative  Committee  who  visited  this  institution  in  1878  expressed 
their  astonishment  at  the  vast  expenditure  of  money  in  proportion  to  the  needs 
of  the  State.  The  structure  is  well  built,  and  the  money  properly  expended; 
yet  it  was  enormously  beyond  the  necessities  of  the  State,  and  shows  an  utter 
disregard  of  the  fitness  of  things.  The  Committee  could  not  understand  why 
$282,000  should  have  been  expended  for  a  massive  building  covering  about  two 
and  a  half  acres  for  the  accommodation  of  130  people,  costing  over  eight  thou- 
sand dollars  a  year  to  heat  it,  and  costing  the  State  about  five  hundred  dollars 
a  year  for  each  pupil. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  199 

INSTITUTION  FOR  THE  DEAF  AND  DUMB. 
Council  Bluffs,  Pottawattomie  County. 

The  Iowa  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  was  established  at  Iowa  City 
by  an  act  of  the  General  Assembly,  approved  January  24,  1855.  The  number 
of  deaf  mutes  then  in  the  State  was  301 ;  the  number  attending  the  Institution, 
50.  The  first  Board  of  Trustees  were:  Hon.  Samuel  J.  Kirkwood,  Hon.  E. 
Sells,  "W.  Penn  Clarke,  J.  P.  Wood,  H.  D.  Downey,  William  Crum,  W.  E. 
Ijams,  Principal.  On  the  resignation  of  Mr.  Ijams,  in  1862,  the  Board 
appointed  in  his  stead  Mr.  Benjamin  Talbot,  for  nine  years  a  teacher  in  the 
Ohio  Institution'  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb.  Mr.  Talbot  was  ardently  devoted  to 
the  interests  of  the  institution  and  a  faithful  worker  for  the  unfortunate  class 
under  his  charge. 

A  strong  effort  was  made,  in  1866,  to  remove  this  important  institution  to 
Des  Moines,  but  it  was  located  permanently  at  Council  Bluffs,  and  a  building 
rented  for  its  use.  In  1868,  Commissioners  were  appointed  to  locate  a  site  for, 
and  to  superintend  the  erection  of,  a  new  building,  for  which  the  Legislature 
appropriated  $125,000  to  commence  the  work  of  construction.  The  Commis- 
sioners selected  ninety  acres  of  land  about  two  miles  south  of  the  city  of  Coun- 
cil Bluffs.  The  main  building  and  one  wing  were  completed  October  1,  1870, 
and  immediately  occupied  by  the  Institution.  February  25,  1877,  the  main 
building  and  east  wing  were  destroyed  by  fire ;  and  August  6  following,  the 
roof  of  the  new  west  wing  was  blown  off  and  the  walls  partially  demolished  by 
a  tornado.  At  the  time  of  the  fire,  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  pupils  were  in 
attendance.  After  the  fire,  half  the  classes  were  dismissed  and  the  number  of 
scholars  reduced  to  about  seventy,  and  in  a  week  or  two  the  school  was  in  run- 
ning order. 

The  Legislative  Committee  which  visited  this  Institution  in  the  Winter  of 
1857-8  was  not  well  pleased  with  the  condition  of  affairs,  and  reported  that  the 
building  (west  wing)  was  a  disgrace  to  the  State  and  a  monument  of  unskillful 
workmanship,  and  intimated  rather  strongly  that  some  reforms  in  management 
were  very  essential. 

Trustees,  1877-8.— Thomas  Officer,  President ;  N.  P.  Dodge,  Treasurer ; 
Paul  Lange,  William  Orr,  J.  W.  Cattell. 

Superintendent,  Benjamin  Talbot,  M.  A.  Teachers,  Edwin  Southwick, 
Conrad  S.  Zorbaugh,  John  A.  Gillespie,  John  A.  Kennedy,  Ellen  J.  Israel, 
Ella  J.  Brown,  Mrs.  H.  R.  Gillespie ;  Physician,  H.  W.  Hart,  M.  D. ;  Steward, 
N.  A.  Taylor;  Matron,  Mary  B.  Swan. 

SOLDIERS'  ORPHANS'  HOMES. 

Davenport,  Cedar  Falls,  G-lenwood. 
-  The  movement  which  culminated  in  the  establishment  of  this  beneficent  in- 
stitution was  originated  by  Mrs.  Annie  Wittenmeyer,  during  the  civil  war  of 
J.861-65.  This  noble  and  patriotic  lady  called  a  convention  at  Muscatine,  on 
the  7th  of  October  1863,  for  the  purpose  of  devising  measures  for  the  support 
and  education  of  the  orphan  children  of  the  brave  sons  of  Iowa,  who  had  fallen 
in  defense  of  national  honor  and  integrity.  So  great  was  the  public  interest  in 
the  movement  that  there  was  a  large  representation  from  all  parts  of  the  State 
on  the  day  named,  and  an  associatign  was  organized  called  the  Iowa  State  Or- 
phan Asylum. 


200  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

The  first  ofiicers  were :  President,  William  M.  Stone  ;  Vice  Presidents,  Mrs. 
G.  G.  Wright,  Mrs.  R.  L.  Cadle,  Mrs.  J.  T.  Hancock,  Jchn  R.  Needham,  J.  W. 
Cattell,  Mrs.  Mary  M.  Bagg ;  Recording  Secretary,  Miss  Mary  Kibben ;  Cor- 
responding Secretary,  Miss  M.  B.  Shelton;  Treasurer,  N.  H.  Brainerd;  Board 
of  Trustees,  Mrs.  Annie  Wittenmeyer,  Mrs.  C.  B.  Darwin,  Mrs.  D.  T.  Newcomb, 
Mrs.  L.  B.  Stephens,  0.  Fayville,  E.  H.  Williams,  T.  S.  Parvin,  Mrs.  Shields, 
Caleb  Baldwin,  C.  C.  Cole,  Isaac  Pendleton,  H.  C.  Henderson. 

The  first 'meeting  of  the  Trustees  was  held  February  14, 1864,  in  the  Repre- 
sentative Hall,  at  Des  Moines.  Committees  from  both  branches  of  the  General 
Assembly  were  present  and  were  invited  to  participate  in  their  deliberations. 
Gov.  Kirkwood  suggested  that  a  home  for  disabled  soldiers  should  be  connected 
with  the  Asylum.     Arrangements  were  made  for  raising  fiinds. 

At  the  next  meeting,  in  Davenport,  in  March,  1864,  the  Trustees  decided  to 
commence  operations  at  once,  and  a  committee,  of  which  Mr.  Howell,  of  Keo- 
kuk, was  Chairman,  was  appointed  to  lease  a  suitable  building,  solicit  donations, 
and  procure  suitable  furniture.  This  committee  secured  a  large  brick  building 
in  Lawrence,  Van  Buren  County,  and  engaged  Mr.  Fuller,  of  Mt.  Pleasant,  as 
Steward. 

At  the  annual  meeting,  in  Des  Moines,  in  June,  1864,  Mrs.  C.  B.  Baldwin, 
Mrs.  G.  G.  Wright,  Mrs.  Dr.  Horton,  Miss  Mary  E.  Shelton  and  Mr.  George 
Sherman  were  appointed  a  committee  to  furnish  the  building  and  take  all  neces- 
sary steps  for  opening  the  "Home,"  and  notice  was  given  that  at  the  next 
meeting  of  the  Association,  a  motion  would  be  made  to  change  the  name  of  the 
Institution  to  Iowa  Orphans'  Home. 

The  work  of  preparation  was  conducted  so  vigorously  that  on  the  1 3th  day 
of  July  following,  the  Executive  Committee  announced  that  they  were  ready  to 
receive  the  children.  In  three  weeks  twenty-one  were  admitted,  and  the  num- 
ber constantly  increased,  so  that,  in  a  little  more  than  six  months  from  the  time 
of  opening,  there  were  seventy  children  admitted,  and  twenty  more  applicar^ 
tions,  which  the  Conimittee  had  not  acted  upon — all  orphans  of  soldiers. 

Miss  M.  Elliott,  of  Washington,  was  appointed  Matron.  She  resigned,, 
in  February,  1865,  and  was  succeeded  by  Mrs.  E.  G.  Piatt,  of  Fremont 
County. 

The  "  Home  "  was  sustained  by  the  voluntary  contributions  of  the  people, 
until  1866,  when  it  was  assumed  by  the  State.  In  that  year,  the  General 
Assem bly  provided  for  the  location  of  several  such  "Homes"  in  the  different 
counties,  and  which  were  established  at  Davenport,  Scott  County;  Cedar  Falls, 
Black  Hawk  County,  and  at  Glenwood,  Mills  County. 

The  Board  of  Trustees  elected  by  the  General  Assembly  had  the  oversight 
and  management  of  the  Soldiers'  Orphans'  Homes  of  the  State,  and  consisted 
of  one  person  from  each  county  in  which  such  Home  was  located,  and  one  for 
the  State  at  large,  who  held  their  ofiice  two  years,  or  until,  their  successors  were 
elected  and  qualified.  An  appropriation  of  $10  per  month  for  each  orphan 
actually  supported  was  made  by  the  General  Assembly. 

The  Home  in  Cedar  Falls  was  organized  in  1865,  and  an  old  hotel  building 
was  fitted  up  for  it.     Rufua  C,  Mary  L.  and  Emma  L.  Bauer  were  the  first^ 
children  received,  in  October,  and  by  January,  1866,  there  were  ninety-six  in- 
mates. 

October  12,  1869,  the  Home  was  removed  to  a  large  brick  building,  about 
two  miles  west  of  Cedar  Falls,  and  was  very  prosperous  for  several  years,  but 
in  1876,  the  General  Assembly  established  a  State  Normal  School  at  Cedar 
Falls  and  appropriated  the  buildings  and  grounds  for  that  purpose. 


HISTORY  OP  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  201 

By  "  An  act  to  provide  for  the  organization  and  support  of  an  asylum  at 
Glen  wood,  in  Mills  County,  for  feeble  minded  children,"  approved  March  17 
1876,  the  buildings  and  grounds  used  by  the  Soldiers'  Orphans'  Home  at  that 
place  were  appropriated  for  this  purpose.  By  another  act,  approved  March  15, 
1876,  the  soldiers'  orphans,  then  at  the  Homes  at  Glenwood  and  Cedar  Ifalls^ 
were  to  be  removed  to  the  Home  at  Davenport  within  ninety  days  thereafter] 
and  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Home  were  authorized  to  receive  other  indigent 
children  into  that  institution,  and  provide  for  their  education  in  industrial 
pursuits. 

STATE  NORMAL  SCHOOL. 
Cedar  Falls,  Black  Eawh  County. 

Chapter  129  of  the  laws  of  the  Sixteenth  General  Assembly,  in  1876,  estab- 
lished a  State  Normal  School  at  Cedar  Falls,  Black  Hawk  County,  and  required 
the  Trustees  of  the  Soldiers'  Orphans'  Home  to  turn  over  the  property  in  their 
charge  to  the  Directors  of  the  new  institution. 

The  Board  of  Directors  met  at  Cedar  Falls  June  7,  1876,  and  duly  organ- 
ized by  the  election  of  H.  C.  Hemenway,  President ;  J.  J.  Toleston,  Secretary, 
and  E.  Townsend,  Treasurer.  The  Board  of  Trustiees  of  the  Soldiers'  Orphans' 
Home  met  at  the  same  time  for  the  purpose  of  turning  over  to  the  Directors  the 
property  of  that  institution,  which  was  satisfactorily  done  and  properly  receipted 
for  as  required  by  law.  At  this  meeting.  Prof  J.  C.  Gilchrist  was  elected 
Principal  of  the  School. 

On  the  12th  of  July,  1876,  the  Board  again  met,  when  executive  and 
teachers'  committees  were  appointed  and  their  duties  assigned.  A  Steward 
and  a  Matron  were  elected,  and  their  respective  duties  defined. 

The  buildings  and  grounds  were  repaired  and  fitted  up  as  well  as  the  appro- 
priation would  admit,  and  the  first  term  of  the  school  opened  September  6, 1876, 
commencing  with  twenty-seven  and  closing  with  eighty-seven  students.  The 
second  term  closed  with  eighty-six,  and  one  hundred  and  six  attended  during 
the  third  term. 

The  following  are  the  Board  of  Directors,  Board  of  Officers  and  Faculty  : 

Board  of  Directors. — H.  C.  Hemenway,  Cedar  Falls,  President,  term 
expires  1882 ;  L.  D.  Lewelling,  Salem,  Henry  County,  1878  ;  W.  A.  Stow, 
Hamburg,  Fremont  County,  1878 ;  S.  G.  Smith,  Newton,  Jasper  County, 
1880 ;  E.  H.  Thayer,  Clinton,  Clinton  County,  1880 ;  G.  S.  Robinson,  Storm 
Lake,  Buena  Vista  County,  1882. 

Board  of  Officers. — J.  J.  Toleston,  Secretary;  E.  Townsend,  Treasurer; 
William  Pattes,  Steward ;  Mrs.  P.  A.  Schermerhorn,  Matron — all  of  Cedar 
Falls. 

Faculty.'— 3.  C.  Gilchrist,  A.  M.,  Principal,  Professor  of  Mental  and 
Moral  Philosophy  and  Didactics ;  M.  W.  Bartlett,  A.  M.,  Professor  of  Lan- 

faages  and  Natural  Science  ;  D.  S.  Wright,  A.  M.,  Professor  of  Mathematics ; 
[iss  Frances  L.  Webster,  Teacher  of  Geography  and  History ;  E.  W.  Burnham, 
Professor  of  Music. 

ASYLUM  FOR  FEEBLE  MINDED  CHILDREN. 

G-lenwood,  Mills  County. 
Chapter  152  of  the  laws  of  the  Sixteenth   General  Assembly,  approved 
March  17,  1876,  provided  for  the  establishment  of  an  asylum  for  feeble  minded 
children  at  Glenwood,  Mills  County,  and  the  buildings  and  grounds  of  the 


202  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

Soldiers'  Orphans'  Home  at  that  place  were  to  be  used  for  that  purpose.  The 
asylum  was  placed  under  the  management  of  three  Trustees,  one  at  least  of 
whom  should  Tje  a  resident  of  Mills  County.  Children  between  the  ages  of  7 
and  18  year's  are  admitted.  Ten  dollars  per  month  for  each  child  actually  sup- 
ported by  the  State  was  appropriated  by  the  act,  and  ^2,000  for  salaries  of 
officers  and  teachers  for  two  years. 

Hon.  J.  W.  Cattell,  of  Polk  County ;  A.  J.  Russell,  of  Mills  County,  and 
W.  S.  Robertson,  were  appointed  Trustees,  who  held  their  first  meeting  at 
Glenwood,  April  26,  1876.  Mr.  Robertson  was  elected  President;  Mr.  Russell, 
Treasurer,  and  Mr.  Cattell,  Secretary.  The  Trustees  found  the  house  and  farm 
which  had  been  turned  over  to  them  in  a  shamefully  dilapidated  condition.  The 
fences  were  broken  down  and  the  lumber  destroyed  or  carried  away ;  the  win- 
dows broken,  doors  oif  their  hinges,  floors  broken  and  filthy  in  the  extreme, 
cellars  reeking  with  ofiensive  odors  from  decayed  vegetables,  and  every  conceiv- 
able variety  of  filth  and  garbage ;  drains  obstructed,  cisterns  broken,  pump, 
demoralized,  wind-mill  broken,  roof  leaky,  and  the  whole  property  in  the  worst 
possible  condition.  It  was  the  first  work  of  the  Trustees  to  make  the  house 
tenable.  This  was  done  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Russell.  At  the  request 
of  the  Trustees,  Dr.  Charles  T.  Wilbur,  Superintendent  of  the  Illinois  Asylum, 
visited  Glenwood,  and  made  many  valuable  suggestions,  and  gave  them  much 
assistance. 

0.  W.  Archibald,  M.  D,,  of  Glenwood,  was  appointed  Superintendent, 
and  soon  after  was  appointed  Secretary  of  the  Board,  vice  Cattell,  resigned. 
Mrs.  S.  A.  Archibald  was  appointed  Matron,  and  Miss  Maud  M.  Archibald, 
Teacher. 

The  Institution  was  opened  September  1,  1876 ;  the  first  pupil  admitted 
September  4,  and  the  school  was  organized  September  10,  with  only  five  pupils, 
which  number  had,  in  November,  1877,  increased  to  eighty-seven.  December 
1,  1876,  Miss  Jennie  Van  Dorin,  of  Fairfield,  was  employed  as  a  teacher  and 
in  the  Spring  of  1877,  Miss  Sabina  J.  Archibald  was  also  employed. 

THE  REFORM  SCHOOL. 

Eldora,  Hardin  County. 

By  "An  act  to  establish  and  prganize  a  State  Reform  School  for  Juvenile 
Offenders,"  approved  .March  31,  1868,  the  General  Assembly  established  a 
State  Reform  School  at  Salem,  Lee  (Henry)  County ;  provided  for  a  Board  of 
Trustees,  to  consist  of  one  person  from  each  Congressional  District.  For  the 
purpose  of  immediately  opening  the  school,  the  Trustees  were  directed  to  accept 
the  proposition  of  the  Trustees  of  White's  Iowa  Manual  Labor  Institute,  at 
Salem,  and  lease,  for  not  more  than  ten  years,  the  lands,  buildings,  etc.,  of  the 
Institute,  and  at  once  proceed  to  prepare  for  and  open  a  reform  school  as  a 
temporary  establishment. 

The  contract  for  fitting  up  the  buildings  was  let  to  Clark  &  Haddock,  Sep- 
tember 21,  1868,  and  on  the  7th  of  October  following,  the  first  inmate  was 
received  from  Jasper  County.  The  law  provided  for  the  admission  of  children 
of  both  sexes  under  18  years  of  age.  In  1876,  this  was  amended,  so  that  they 
are  now  received  at  ages  over  7  and  under  16  years. 

April  19,  1872,  the  Trustees  were  directed  to  make  a  permanent  location 
for  the  school,  and  $45,000  was  appropriated  for  the  erection  of  the  necessary 
buildings.  The  Trustees  were  further  directed,  as  soon  as  practicable,  to 
organize  a  school  for  girls  in  the  buildings  where  the  boys  were  then  kejit. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  203 

.  ™^.™.^*®^^  ^°'^^^''^  *®  -"^""^  ^*  ^^'^°^^'  Hardin  County,  and  in  the  Code 
of  lo7d,  it  IS  permanently  located  there  by  law. 

The  institution  is  managed  by  five  Trustees,  who  are  paid  mileage,  but  no 
compensation  for  their  services. 

The  object  is  the  reformation  of  the  children  of  both  sexes,  under  the  age 
of  lb  years  and  over  7  years  of  age,  and  the  law  requires  that  the  Trustees 
shall  require  the  boys  and  girls  under  their  charge  to  be  instructed  in  piety  and 
morality,  and  m  such  branches  of  useful  knowledge  as  are  adapted  to  their  age 
and  capacity,  and  m  some  regular  course  of  labor,  either  mechanical,  manufac, 
turing  or  agricultural,  as  is  best  suited  to  their  age,  strength,  disposition  and 
capacity,  and  as  may  seem  best  adapted  to  secure  the  reformation  and  future 
benefit  of  the  boys  and  girls. 

A  boy  or  girl  committed  to  the  State  Reform  School  is  there  kept,  disci, 
plined,  instructed,  employed  and  governed,  under  the  direction  of  the  Trustees, 
until  he  or  she  arrives  at  the  age  of  majority,  or  is  bound  out,  reformed  or 
legally  discharged.  The  binding  out  or  discharge  of  a  boy  or  girl  as  reformed, 
or  having  arrived  at  the  age  of  majority,  is  a  complete  release  from  all  penalties, 
incurred  by  conviction  of  the  offense  for  which  he  or  she  was  committed. 

,  This  is  one  step  in  the  right  direction.  In  the  future,  however,  still  further 
advances  will  be  made,  and  the  right  of  every  individual  to  the  fruits  of  their 
labor,  even  while  restrained  for  the  public  good,  will  be  recognized. 

FISH  HATCHING  ESTABLISHMENT. 

Near  Anamosa,  Jones  County. 

The  Fifteenth  General  Assembly,  in  1874,  passed  "  An  act  to  provide  for 
the  appointment  of  a  Board  of  Fish  Commissioners  for  the  construction  of 
Fishways  for  the  protection  and  propagation  of  Fish,"  also  "An  act  to  provide 
for  furnishing  the  rivers  and  lakes  with  fish  and  fish  spawn."  This  act  appro- 
priated $3,000  for  the  purpose.  In  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  first 
act  above  mentioned,  on  the  9th  of  April,  1874,  S.  B.  Evans  of  Ottumwa, 
Wapello  County ;  B.  F.  Shaw  of  Jones  County,  and  Charles  A.  Haines,  of 
£lack  Hawk  County,  were  appointed  to  be  Fish  Commissioners  by  the  Governor. 
These  Commissioners  met  at  Des  Moines,  May  10,  1874,  and  organized  by  the 
election  of  Mr.  Evans,  President;  Mr.  Shaw,  Secretary  and  Superintendent, 
and  Mr.  Haines,  Treasurer. 

The  State  was  partitioned  into  three  districts  or  divisions  to  enable  the 
Commissioners  to  better  superintend  the  construction  of  fishways  as  required  by 
law.  That  part  of  the  State  lying  south  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific 
Railroad  was  placed  under  the  especial  supervision  of  Mr.  Evans ;  that  part  be- 
tween that  railroad  and  the  Iowa  Division  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  Mr. 
Shaw,  and  all  north  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  Mr.  Haines.  At  this 
meeting,  the  Superintendent  was  authorized  to  build  a  State  Hatching  House ; 
to  procure  th^  spawn  of  valuable  fish  adapted  to  the  waters  of  Iowa  ;  hatch  and 
prepare  the  young  fish  for  distribution,  and  assist  in  putting  them  into  the  waters 
of  the  State. 

In  compliance  with  these  instructions,  Mr.  Shaw  at  once  commenced  work, 
and  in  the  Summer  of  1874,  erected  a  "  State  Hatching  House"  near  Anamosa, 
20x40  feet,  two  stories;  the  second  story  being  designed  for  a  tenement ;  the 
first  story  being  the  "hatching  room."  The  hatching  troughs  are  supplied 
with  water  from  a  magnificent  spring  four  feet  deep  and  about  ten  feet  in  diam- 
eter, affording  an  abundant  and  unfailing  supply  of  pure  running  water.  During 


204  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OP  IOWA. 

the  first  year,  from  May  10, 1874,  to  May  10, 1875,  the  Commissioners  distributed 
•within  the  State  100,000  Shad,  300,000  California  Sahnon,  10,000  Bass, 
80,000  Penobscot  (Maine)  Salmon,  5,000  land-locked  Salmon,  20,000  of 
other  species. 

By  act  approved  March  10,  1876,  the  lawwas  amended  so  that  there  should 
be  but  one  instead  of  three  Fish  Commissioners,  and  B.  F.  Shaw  was  appointed, 
and  the  Commissioner  was .  authorized  to  purchase  twenty  acres  of  land,  on 
which  the  State  Hatching  House  was  located  near  Anamosa. 

In  the  Fall  of  1876,  Commissioner  Shaw  gathered  from  the  sloughs  of  the 
Mississippi,  where  they  would  have  been  destroyed,  over  a  million  and  a  half  of 
small  fish,  which  were  distributed  in  the  various  rivers  of  the  State  and  turned 
into  the  Mississippi. 

In  1875-6,  533,000  California  Salmon,  and  in  1877,  303,500  Lake  Trout 
vrere  distributed  in  various  rivers  and  lakes  in  the  State.  The  experiment  of 
stocking  the  small  streams  with  brook  trout  is  being  tried,  and  81,000  of  the 
•speckled  beauties  were  distributed  in  1877.  In  1876,  100,000  young  eels  were 
distributed.     These  came  from  New  York  and  they  are  increasing  rapidly. 

At  the  close  of  1877,  there  were  at  least  a  dozen  private  fish  farms  in  suc- 
cessful operation  in  various  parts  of  the  State.  Commissioner  Shaw  is  en- 
thusiastically devoted  to  the  duties  of  his  office  and  has  performed  an  important 
service  for  the  people  of  the  State  by  his  intelligent  and  successful  operations. 

The  Sixteenth  General  Assembly  passed  an  act  in  1878,  prohibiting  the 
catching  of  any  kind  of  fish  except  Brook  Trout  from  March  until  June  of  each 
year.     Some  varieties  are  fit  for  food  only  during  this  period. 


THE  PUBLIC  LANDS. 

The  grants  of  public  lands  made  in  the  State  of  Iowa,  for  various  purposes, 
are  as  follows : 


1. 

The  500,000  Acre  Grant. 

2. 

The  16th  Sectit/n  Grant. 

8. 

The  Mortgage  School  Landi. 

4. 

The  University  Grant. 

6. 

The  Saline  Grant. 

6. 

The  Des  Moines 'River  Grant. 

7. 

The  Des  Moines  River  School  Lands. 

8. 

The  Swamp  Land  Grant. 

9. 

The  Railroad  Grant. 

[0. 

The  Agricultural  College  Grant. 

I.      THE   FIVE   HUNDRED   THOUSAND   ACRE   GRANT. 

When  the  State  was  admitted  into  the  Union,  she  became  entitled  to 
500,000  acres  of  land  by  virtue  of  an  act  of  Congress,  approved  September  4, 
1841,  which  granted  to  each  State  therein  specified  500,000  acres  of  public  land 
for  internal  improvements ;  to  each  State  admitted  subsequently  to  the  passage 
of  the  act,  an  amount  of  land  which,  with  the  amount  that  might  have  been 
granted  to  her  as  a  Territory,  would  amount  to  500,000  acres.  All  these  lands 
were  required  to  be  selected  within  the  limits  of  the  State  to  which  they  were 
granted. 

The  Constitution  of  Iowa  declares  that  the  proceeds  of  this  grant,  togethfif^ 
with  all  lands  then  granted  or  to  be  granted  by  Congress  for  the  benefit  of 
schools,  shall  constitute  a  perpetual  fund  for  the  support  of  schools  throughout 
the  State.     By  an  act  approved  January  15,  1849,  the  Legislature  established 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  205 

a  board  of  School  Fund  Comuiissioners,  and  to  that  board  was  confided  the 
selection,  care  and  sale  of  these  lands  for  the  benefit  of  the  School  Fund.  Until 
1855,  these  Commissioners  were  subordinate  to  the  Superinteodent  of  Public 
Instruction,  but  on  the  15th  of  January  of  that  year,  they  were  clothed  with 
exclusive  a.uthority  in  the  management  and  sale  of  school  lands.  The  ofiice  of 
School  Fund  Commissioner  was  abolished  March  23,  1858,  and  that  ofiicer  in 
each  county  was  required  to  transfer  all  papers  to  and  make  full  settlement  with 
the  County  Judge.  By  this  act,  County  Judges  and  Township  Trustees  were 
made  the  agents  of  the  State  to  control  and  sell  the  sixteenth  sections ;  but  no 
further  provision  was  made  for  the  sale  of  the  500,000  acre  grant  until  April 
3d,  1860,  when  the  entire  management  of  the  school  lands  was  committed  to 
the  Boards  of  Supervisors  of  the  several  counties. 

II.      THE   SIXTEENTH   SECTIONS. 

By  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  Congress  admitting  Iowa  to  the  Union,  there 
was  granted  to  the  new  State  the  sixteenth  section  in  every  township,  or  where 
that  section  had  been  sold,  other  lands  of  like  amount  for  the  use  of  schools. 
The  Constitution  of  the  State  provides  that  the  proceeds  arising  from  the  sale 
of  these  sections  shall  constitute  a  part  of  the  permanent  School  Fund.  The 
control  and  sale  of  these  lands  were  vested  in  the  School  Fund  Commissioners 
of  the  several  counties  until  March  23,  1858,  when  they  were  transferred  to  the 
County  Judges  and  Township  Trustees,  and  were  finally  placed  under  the 
supervision  of  the  County  Boards  of  Supervisors  in  January,  1861. 

III.      THE   MORTGAGE   SCHOOL   LANDS. 

These  do  not  belong  to  any  of  the  grants  of  land  proper.  They  are  lands 
that  have  been  mortgaged  to  the  school  fund,  and  became  school  lands  when  bid 
off  by  the  State  by  virtue  of  a  law  passed  in  1862.  Under  the  provisions  of  the 
law  regulating  the  management  and  investment  of  the  permanent  school  fund, 
persons  desiring  loans  from  that  fund  are  required  to  secure  the  payment  thereof 
with  interest  at  ten  per  cent,  per  annum,  by  promissory  notes  endorsed  by  two 
good  sureties  and  by  mortgage  on  unincumbered  real  estate,  which  must  be 
situated  in  the  county  where  the  loan  is  made,  and  which  must  be  valued  by 
three  appraisers.  Making  these  loans  and  taking  the  required  securities  was 
made  the  duty  of  the  County  Auditor,  who  was  required  to  report  to  the  Board 
of  Supervisors  at  each  meeting  thereof,  all  notes,  mortgages  and  abstracts  of 
title  connected  with  the  school  fund,  for  examination. 

When  default  was  made  of  payment  of  money  so  secured  by  mortgage,  and 
no  arrangement  made  for  extension  of  time  as  the  law  provides,  the  Board  of 
Supervisors  were  authorized  to  bring  suit  and  prosecute  it  with  diligence  to 
secure  said  fund;  and  in  action  in  favor  of  the  county  for  the  use  of  the  school 
fund,  an  injunction  may  issue  without  bonds,  and  in  any  such  action,  when 
service  is  made  by  publication,  default  and  judgment  may  be  entered  ^and 
enforced  without  bonds.  In  case  of  sale  of  land  on  execution  founded  on  any 
such  mortgage,  the  attorney  of  the  board,  or  other  person  duly  authorized,  shall, 
on  behalf  of  the  State  or  county  for  the  use  of  said  fund,  bid  such  sum  as  the 
interests  of  said  fund  may  require,  and  if  struck  off  to  the  State  the  land  shall 
be  held  and  disposed  of  as  the  other  lands  belonging  to  the  fnnd.  These  lands 
are  known  as  the  Mortgage  School  Lands,  and  reports  of  them,  includmg 
description  and  amount,  are  required  to  be  made  to  the  State  Land  Office. 


206  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

IV.      UNIVERSITY   LANDS. 

By  act  of  Congress,  July  20,  1840,  a  quantity  of  land  not  exceeding  two 
entire  townships  was  reserved  in  the  Territory  of  Iowa  for  the  use  and  support 
of  a  university  within  said  Territory  when  it  should  become  a  State.  This  land 
was  to  be  located  in  tracts  of  not  less  than  an  entire  section,  and  could  be  used 
for  no  other  purpose  than  that  designated  in  the  grant.  In  an  act  supplemental 
to  that  for  the  admission  of  Iowa,  March  3, 1845,  the  grant  was  renewed,  and  it 
was  provided  that  the  lands  should  be  used  "  solely  for  the  purpose  of  such 
university,  in  such  manner  as  the  Legislature  may  prescribe." 

Under  this  grant  there  were  set  apart  and  approved  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  for  the  use  of  the  State,  the  following  lands  : 

ACRES. 

In  the  Iowa  City  Land  District,  Feb.  26,  1849 20,150.49 

In  the  Fairfield  Land  District,  Oct.  17,  1849 , ,. 9,685.20 

In  the  Iowa  City  Land  District,  Jan.  28,  1850 '. 2,571.81 

In  the  Fairfield  Land  District,  Sept.  10,  1850 3,198.20 

In  the  Dubuque  Land  District,  May  19, 1852 10,552.24 

Total 45,957.94 

These  lands  were  certified  to  the  State  November  19, 1859.  The  University 
lands  are  placed  by  law  under  the  control  and  management  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  the  Iowa  State  University.  Prior  to  1865,  there  had  been  selected 
and  located  under  282  patents,  22,892  acres  in  sixteen  counties,  and  23,036 
acres  unpatented,  making  a  total  of  45,928  acres. 

V. — SALINE   LANDS. 

By  act  of  Congress,  approved  March  8,  1845,  the  State  of  Iowa  was 
granted  the  use  of  the  salt  springs  within  her  limits,  not  exceeding  twelve. 
By  a  subsequent  act,  approved  May  27,  1852,  Congress  granted  the  springs 
to  the  State  in  fee  simple,  together  with  six  sections  of  land  contiguous  to  each, 
to  be  disposed  of  as  the  Legislature  might  direct.  In  1861,  the  proceeds  of 
these  lands  then  to  be  sold  were  constituted  a  fund  for  founding  and  support- 
ing a  lunatic  asylum,  but  no  sales  were  made.  In  1856,  the  proceeds  of  the 
saline  lands  were  appropriated  to  the  Insane  Asylum,  repealed  in  1858.  In 
1860,  the  saline  lands  and  funds  were  made  a  part  of  the  permanent  fund  of 
the  State  University.  These  lands  were  located  in  Appanoose,  Davis,  Decatur, 
Lucas,  Monroe,  Van  Buren  and  Wayne  Counties. 

VI. — THE   DBS   MOINES   RIVER   GRANT. 

By  act  of  Congress,  approved  August  8,  1846,  a  grant  of  land  was  made 
for  the  improvement  of  the  navigation  of  Des  Moines  River,  as  follows : 

Beit  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  llie  United  States  of  America  in 
Congress  assembled,  That  there  be,  and  hereby  is,  granted  to  said  Territory  of  Iowa,  for  the 
purpose  of  aiding  said  Territory  to  improve  the  navigation  of  the  Des  Moines  River  from  its 
mouth  to  the  Raccoon  Fork  (so  called)  in  said  Territory,  one  equal  moiety,  in  alternate  seclions, 
of  the  public  lands  (remaining  unsold  and  not  otherwise  disposed  of,  incumbered  or  appropri- 
ated), in  a  strip  five  miles  in  width  on  each  side  of  said  river,  to  be  selected  within  said  Terri- 
tory by  an  agent  or  agents  to  be  appointed  by  the  Governor  thereof,  subject  to  the  approval  of 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States. 

Seo.  2.  And  be  it  further  enacted,  That  the  lands  hereby  granted  shall  not  be  conveyed 
or  disposed  of  by  said  Territory,  nor  by  any  State  to  be  formed  out  of  the  same,  except  as  said 
improvement  shall  progress ;  that  is,  the  said  Territory  or  State  may  sell  so  much  of  said  landft 
as  shall  produce  the  sum  of  thirty  thousand  dollars,  and  then  the  sales  shall  cease  until  the  Gov- 
ernor of  said  Territory  or  State  shall  certify  the  fact  to  the  President  of  the  United  States  that 
one-half  of  said  sum  has  been  expended  upon  said  improvements,  when  the  said  Territory  or 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  207 

State  may  sell  and  conyey  a  quantity  of  the  residue  of  said  lands  sufficient  to  replace  the  amount 
expended,  and  thus  the  sales  shall  progress  as  the  proceeds  thereof  shall  be  expended  and  the 
fact  of  such  expenditure  shall  be  certified  as  aforesaid.  ' 

Sec.  3.  And  be  it  further  enacted,  That  the  said  Kiver  Des  Moines  shall  be  and  forever 
remain  a  public  highway  for  the  use  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  free  from  any  toU 
or  other  charge  whatever,  for  any  property  of  the  United  States  or  persons  in  their  service 
passing  through  or  along  the  same :  Provided  always,  That  it  shall  not  be  competent  for  the  said 
Territory  or  future  State  of  Iowa  to  dispose  of  said  lands,  or  any  of  them,  at  a  price  lower  than 
for  the  time  being,  shall  be  the  minimum  price  of  other  public  lands.  ' 

Sec.  4.  And  be  it  further  enacted.  That  whenever  the  Territory  of  Iowa  shall  be  admitted 
into  the  Union  as  a  State,  the  lands  hereby  granted  for  the  above  purpose  shall  be  and  become 
the  property  of  said  State  for  the  purpose  contemplated  in  this  act,  and  for  no  other :  Previded 
the  Legislature  of  the  State  of  Iowa  shall  accept  the  said  grant  for  the  said  purpose."  Approved 
Aug.  8,  1846. 

•  By  joint  resolution  of  the  General  Assembly  of  Iowa,  approved  January  9, 
1847,  the  grant  was  accepted  for  the  purpose  specified.  By  another  act,  ap- 
proved February  24,  1847,  entited  "An  act  creating  the  Board  of  Public 
Works,  and  providing  for  the  improvement  of  the  Des  Moines  River,"  the 
Legislature  provided  for  a  Board  consisting  of  a  President,  Secretary  and 
Treasurer,  to  be  elected  by  the  people.  This  Board  was  elected  August  2, 
1847,  and  was  organized  on  the  22d  of  September  following.  The  same  act 
defined  the  nature  of  the  improvement  to  be  made,  and  provided  that  the  work 
should  be  paid  for  from  the  funds  to  be  derived  from  the  sale  of  lands  to  be 
sold  by  the  Board. 

Agents  appointed  by  the  Governor  selected  the  sections  designated  by  "odd 
numbers"  throughout  the  whole  extent  of  the  grant,  and  this  selection  was  ap- 
proved by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury.  But  there  was  a  conflict  of  opinion 
as  to  the  extent  of  the  grant.  It  was  held  by  some  that  it  extended  from  the 
mouth  of  the  Des  Moines  only  to  the  Raccoon '  Forks ;  others  held,  as  the 
agents  to  make  selection  evidently  did,  that  it  extended  from  the  mouth  to  the 
head  waters  of  the  river.  Richard  M.  Young,  Commissioner  of  the  General 
Iiand  Office,  on  the  23d  of  February,  1848,  construed  the  grant  to  mean  that 
"the  State  is  entitled  to  the  alternate  sections  within  five  miles  of  the  Des 
Moines  River,  throughout  the  whole  extent  of  that  river  within  the  limits  of 
Iowa."  Under  this  construction,  the  alternate  sections  above  the  Raccoon 
Porks  would,  of  course,  belong  to  the  State;  but  on  the  19th  of  June,  1848, 
some  of  these  lands  were,  by  proclamation,  thrown  into  market.  On  the  18th 
of  September,  the  Board  of  Public  Works  filed  a  remonstrance  with  the  Com- 
missioner of  the  General  Land  Office.  The  Board  also  sent  in  a  protest  to  the 
State  Land  Office,  at  which  the  sale  was  ordered  to  take  place.  On  the  8th  of 
January,  1849,  the  Senators  and  Representatives  in  Congress  from  Iowa  also 
protested  against  the  sale,  in  a  communication  to  Hon.  Robert  J.  Walker,  Sec- 
retary of  the  Treasury,  to  which  the  Secretary  replied,  concurring  in  the 
opinion  that  the  grant  extended  the  whole  length  of  the  Des  Moines  River  in 
Iowa. 

On  the  1st  of  June,  1849,  the  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office 
directed  the  Register  and  Receiver  of  the  Land  Office  at  Iowa  City  "  to  with- 
hold from  sale  all  lands  situated  in  the  odd  numbered  sections  within  five  miles 
on  each  side  of  the  Des  Moines  River  above  the  Raccoon  Forks."  March  13, 
1850,  the  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office  submitted  to  the  Secretary 
of  the  Interior  a  list  "showing  the  tracts  falling  within  the  limits  of  the  Des 
Moines  River  grant,  above  the  Raccoon  Forks,  etc.,  under  the  decision  of  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  of  March  2,  1849,"  and  on  the  6th  of  April 
following,  Mr.  Ewing,  then  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  reversed  the  decision  of 
Secretary  Walker,  but  ordered  the  lands  to  be  withheld  from  sale  until  Con- 


208  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

gress  could  have  an  opportunity  to  pass  an  explanatory  act.  The  Iowa  author- 
ities appealed  from  this  decision  to  the  President  (Taylor),  who  referred  the 
matter  to  the  Attorney  General  (Mr.  Johnson).  On  the  19th  of  July,  Mr. 
Johnson  submitted  as  his  opinion,  that  by  the  terms  of  the  grant  itself,  it  ex- 
tended to  the  very  source  of  the  Des  Moines,  but  before  his  opinion  was  pub- 
lished President  Taylor  died.  When  Mr.  Tyler's  cabinet  was  formed,  the 
question  was  submitted  to  the  new  Attorney  General  (Mr.  Crittenden),  who,  on 
the  30th  of  June,  1851,  reported  that  in  his  opinion  the  grant  did  not  extend 
above  the  Raccoon  Forks.  Mr.  Stewart,  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  concurred 
with  Mr.  Crittenden  at  first,  but  subsequently  consented  to  lay  the  whole  sub- 
ject before  the  President  and  Cabinet,  who  decided  in  favor  of  the  Sljate. 

October  29,  1851,  Mr.  Stewart  directed  the  Commissioner  of  the  General 
Land  Office  to  "  submit  for  his  approval  such  lists  as  had  been  prepared,  and  to 
proceed  to  report  for  like  approval  lists  of  the  alternate  sections  claimed  by  the 
State  of  Iowa  ab'ove  the  Raccoon  Forks,  as  far  as  the  surveys  have  progressed, 
or  may  hereafter  be  completed  and  returned."  And  on  the  following  day,  three 
lists  of  these  lands  were  prepared  in  the  General  Land  Office. 

The  lands  approved  and  certified  to  the  State  of  Iowa  under  this  grant,  and 
all  lying  above  the  Raccoon  Forks,  are  as  follows : 

By  Secretary  Stewart,  Oct.  30,  1851 81,707.93  acrea. 

March  10,  1852 143.908.37     " 

By  Secretary  McLellan,  Dec.  17,  1853 33,142.43     " 

Dec.  30,  1853 12,813.51     " 

Total 271,572.24  acres. 

The  Commissioner^  and  Register  of  the  Des  Moines  River  Improvement,  in 
their  report  to  the  Governor,  November  30,  1852,  estimates  the  total  amount  of 
lands  then  available  for  the  work,  including  those  in  possession  of  the  State  and 
those  to  be  surveyed  and  approved,  at  nearly  a  million  acres.  The  indebtedness 
then  standing  against-  the  fund  was  about  $108,000,  and  the  Commissioners 
estimated  the  work  to  be  done  would  cost  about  $1,200,000. 

January  19,  1853,  the  Legislature  authorized  the  Commissioners  to  sell 
"  any  or  all  the  lands  which  have  or  may  hereafter  be  granted,  for  not  less  than 
$1,300,000." 

On  the  24th  of  January,  1853,  the  General  Assembly  provided  for  the  elec- 
tion of  a  Commissioner  by  the  people,  and  appointed  two  Assistant  Commission- 
ers, with  authority  to  make  a  contract,  selling  the  Mnds  of  the  Improvement 
for  $1,300,000.  This  new  Board  made  a  contract,  June  9,  1855,  with  the  Des 
Moines  Navigation  &  Railroad  Company,  agreeing  to  sell  all  the  lands  donated 
to  the  State  by  Act  of  Congress  of , August  8,  1846,  which  the  State  had  not 
sold  prior  to  December  23,  1853,  for  $1,300,000,  to  be  expended  on  the  im- 
provement of  the  river,  and  in  paying  the  indebtedness  then  due.  This  con- 
tract was  duly  reported  to  the  Governor  and  General  Assembly. 

By  an  act  approved  January  25,  1855,  the  Commissioner  and  Register  of 
the  Des  Moines  River  Improvement  were  authorized  to  negotiate  with  the  Des 
Moines  Navigation  &  Railroad  Company  for  the  purchase  of  lands  in  Webster 
County  which  had  been  sold  by  the  School  Fund  Commissioner  as  school  lands, 
but  which  had  been  certified  to  the  State  as  Des  Moines  River  lands,  and  had, 
therefore,  become  the  property  of  the  Company,  under  the  provisions  of  its 
contract  with  the  State. 

March  21, 1856,  the  old  question  of  the  extent  of  the  grant  was  again  raised 
and  the  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office  decided  that  it  was  limited  to 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  20& 

the  Raccoon  Fork.  Appeal  was  made  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  and  by 
him  the  matter  was  referred  to  the  Attorney  General,  who  decided  that  the  grant 
extended  to  the  northern  boundary  of  the  State ;  the  State  relinquished  its 
claim  to  lands  lying  along  the  river  in  Minnesota,  and  the  vexed  question  was. 
supposed  to  be  finally  settled. 

The  land  which  had  been  certified,  as  well  as  those  extending  to  the  north- 
ern boundary  within  the  limits  of  the  grant,  were  reserved  from  pre-emption 
and  sale  by  the  General  Land  Commissioner,  to  satisfy  the  grant  of  August  8, 
1846,  and  they  were  treated  as  having  passed  to  the  State,  which  from  time  to 
time  sold  portions  of  them  prior  to  their  final  transfer  to  the  Des  Moines  Navi- 
igation  &  Railroad  Company,  applying  the  proceeds  thereof  to  the  improve- 
ment of  the  river  in  compliance  with  the  terms  of  the  grant.  Prior  to  the  final 
sale  to  the  Company,  June  9,  1854,  the  State  had  sold  about  327,000  acres,  of 
which  amount  58,830  acres  were  located  above  the  Raccoon  Fork.  The  last 
certificate  of  the  General  Land  Office  bears  date  December  30, 1853. 

After  June  9th,  1854,  the  Des  Moines  Navigation  &  Railroad  Company 
carried  on  the  work  under  its  contract  with  the  State.  As  the  improvement 
progressed,  the  State,  from  time  to  time,  by  its  authorized  officers,  issued  to  the 
Company,  in  payment  for  said  work,  certificates  for  lands.  But  the  General 
Land  Office  ceased  to  certify  lands  under  the  grant  of  1846.  The  State 
had  made  no  other  provision  for  paying  for  the  improvements,  and  disagree- 
ments and  misunderstanding  arose  between  the  State  authorities  and  the 
Company. 

March  22,  1858,  a  joint  resolution  was  passed  by  the  Legislature  submitting 
a, proposition  for  final  settlement  to  the  Company,  which  was  accepted.  The  Com- 
pany paid  to  the  State  $20, 000  in  cash,  and  released  and  conveyed  the  dredge  boat 
and  materials  named  in  the  resolution ;  and  the  State,  on  the  3d  of  May,  1858, 
executed  to  the  Des  Moines  Navigation  &  Railroad  Company  fourteen  deeds 
or  patents  to  the  lands,  amounting  to  256,703.64  acres.  These  deeds  were 
intended  to  convey  all  the  lands  of  this  grant  certified  to  the  State  by  the  Gen- 
eral Government  not  previously  sold ;  but,  as  if  for  the  purpose  of  covering  any 
tract  or  parcel  that  might  have  been  omitted,  the  State  made  another  deed  of 
conveyance  on  the  18th  day  of  May,  1858.  These  fifteen  deeds,  it  is  claimed, 
by  the  Company,  convey  266,108  acres,  of  which  about  53,367  are  below  the 
Raccoon  Fork,  and  the  balance,  212,741  acres,  are  above  that  point. 

Besides  the  lands  deeded  to  the  Company,  the  State  had  deeded  to  individual 
purchasers  58,830  acres  above  the  Raccoon  Fork,  making  an  aggregate  of  271,- 
571  acres,  deeded  above  the  Fork,  all  of  which  had  been  certified  to  the  State 
by  the  Federal  Government. 

By  act  approved  March  28,  1858,  the  Legislature  donated  the  remainder  of 
the  grant  to  the  Keokuk,  Fort  Des  Moines  &  Minnesota  Railroad  Company, 
upon  condition  that  said  Company  assumed  all  liabilities  resulting  from  the  Des 
Moines  River  improvement  operations,  reserving  50,000  acres  of  the  land  in 
security  for  the  payment  thereof,  and  for  the  completion  of  the  locks  and  dams 
at  Bentonsport,  Croton,  Keosauqua  and  Plymouth.  For  every  three  thousand 
dollars'  worth  of  work  done  on  the  locks  and  dams,  and  for  every  three  thousand 
dollars  paid  by  the  Company  of  the  liabilities  above  mentioned,  the  Register  of 
the  State  Land  Office  was  instructed  to  certify  to  the  Company  1,000  acres  of 
the  50,000  acres  reserved  for  these  purposes.  Up  to  1865,  there  had  been  pre- 
sented by  the  Company,  under  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  1858,  and  allowed, 
claims  amounting  to  $109,579.37,  about  seventy-five  per  cent,  of  which  had 
been  settled. 


210  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OP  IOWA. 

After  the  passage  of  the  Act  above  noticed,  the  question  of  the  extent  of  the 
original  grant  was  again  mooted,  and  at  the  December  Term  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  United  States,  in  1859-60,  a  decision  was  rendered  declaring  that  the 
grant  did  not  extend  above  Raccoon  Fork,  and  that  all  certificates  of  land  above 
the  Fork  had  been  issued  without  authority  of  law  and  were,  therefore,  void 
(see  23  How.,  66). 

The  State  of  Iowa  had  disposed  of  a  large  amount  of  land  without  authority, 
according  to  this  decision,  and  appeal  was  made  to  Congress  for  relief,  which 
was  granted  on  the  3d  day  of  March,  1861,  in  a  joint  resolution  relinquishing 
to  the  State  all  the  title  which  the  United  States  then  still  retained  in  the  tracte 
of  land  along  the  Des  Moines  River  above  Raccoon  Fork,  that  had  been  im- 
properly certified  to  the  State  by  the  Department  of  the  Interior,  and  which  is 
now  held  by  bona  fide  purchasers  under  the  State  of  Iowa. 

In  confirmation  of  this  relinquishment,  by  act  approved  July  12,  1862, 
Congress  enacted : 

That  the  grant  of  lands  to  the  then  Territory  of  Iowa  for  the  improvement  of  the  Des  Moines 
River,  made  by  the  act  of  August  8,  1846,  is  hereby  extended  so  as  to, include  the  alternate  sec- 
tions (designated  by  odd  numbers)  lying  within  five  miles  of  said  river,  between  the  Raccoon 
fork  and  the  northern  boundary  of  said  State ;  such  lands  are  to  be  held  and  applied  in  accord- 
ance with  the  provisions  of  the  original  grant,  except  that  the  consent  of  Congress  is  hereby  given 
to  the  application  of  a  portion  thereof  to  aid  in  the  construction  of  the  Keokuk,  Fort  Des  Moines 
&  Minnesota  Railroad,  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  the  General  Assembly  of 
the  State  of  Iowa,  approved  March  22,  1858.  And  if  any  of  the  said  lands  shall  have  been  sold 
or  otherwise  disposed  of  by  the  United  States  before  the  passage  of  this  act,  except  those  released 
by  the  United  States  to  the  grantees  of  the  State  of  Iowa,  under  joint  resolution  of  March  3, 
1861,  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  hereby  directed  to  set  apart  an  equal  amount  of  lands  within 
said  State  to  be  certified  in  lieu  thereof;  Provided,  that  if  the  State  shall  have  sold  and  conveyed 
any  portion  of  the  lands  lying  within  the  limits  of  the  grant  the  title  of  which  has  proved  invalid, 
any  lands  which  shall  be  certified  to  said  State  in  lieu  thereof  by  virtue  of  the  provisions  of  this 
act,  shall  inure  to  and  be  held  as  a  trust  fund  for  the  benefit  of  the  person  or  persons,  respect- 
ively, whose  titles  shall  have  failed  as  aforesaid. 

The  grant  of  lands  by  the  above  act  of  Congress  was  accepted  by  a  joint 
resolution  of  the  General  Assembly,  September  11,  1862,  in  extra  session.  On 
the  same  day,  the  Governor  was  authorized  to  appoint  one  or  more  Commis- 
sioners to  select  the  lands  in  accordance  with  the  grant.  These  Commissioners 
Were  instructed  to  report  their  selections  to  the  Registrar  of  the  State  Land 
Ofiice.  The  lands  so  selected  were  to  be  held  for  the  purposes  of  the  grant,  and 
were  not  to  be  disposed  of  until  further  legislation  should  be  had.  D.  W.  Kil- 
burne,  of  Lee  County,  was  appointed  Commissioner,  and,  on  the  25th  day  of 
April,  1864,  the  General  Land  Ofiicer  authorized  the  selection  of  300,000  acres 
from  the  vacant  public  lands  as  a  part  of  the  grant  of  July  12,  1862,  and  the 
selections  were  made  in  the  Fort  Dodge  and  Sioux  City  Land  Districts. 

Many  difiiculties,  controversies  and  conflicts,  in  relation  to  claims  and  titles, 
grew  out  of  this  grant,  and  these  difiiculties  were  enhanced  by  the  uncertainty 
of  its  limits  until  the  act  of  Congress  of  July,  1862.  But  the  General  Assem- 
bly sought,  by  wise  and  appropriate  legislation,  to  protect  the  integrity  of  titles 
derived  from  the  State.  Especially  was  the  determination  to  protect  the  actual 
settlers,  who  had  paid  their  money  and  made  improvements  prior  to  the  final 
settlement  of  the  limits  of  the  grant  by  Congress. 

VII. — THE   DES   MOINES   RIVER    SCHOOL   LANDS. 

These  lands  constituted  a  part  of  the  500,000  acre  grant  made  by  Congress 
in  1841 ;  including  28,878.46  acres  in  Webster  County,  selected  by  the  Agent  of 
the  State  under  that  grant,  and  approved  by  the  Commissioner  of  the  General 
Land  Office  February  20,  1851.      They  were  ordered  into  the  market  June  6, 


ATTXAl  LAW, MANCHESTER 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  211 

1853,  by  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  who  authorized  John  Tol- 
man.  School  Fund  Commissioner  for  "Webster  County,  to  sell  them  as  school 
lands.  Subsequently,  when  the  act  of  1846  was  construed  to  extend  the  Des 
Moines  River  grant  above  Raccoon  Fork,  it  was  held  that  the  odd  numbered 
sections  of  these  lands  within  five  miles  of  the  river  were  appropriated  by  that 
act,  and  on  the  30th  day  of  December,  1858,  12,813.51  acres  were  set  apart 
and  approved  to  the  State  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  as  a  part  of  the 
Des  Moines  River  grant.  January  6,  1854,  the  Commissioner  of  the  General 
Land  Office  transmitted  to  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  a  certified 
copy  of  the  lists  of  these  lands,  indorsed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 
Prior  to  this  action  of  the  Department,  however,  Mr.  Tolman  had  sold  to  indi- 
vidual purchaser9  3,194.28  acres  as  school  lands,  and  their  titles  were,  of  course, 
killed.  For  their  relief,  an  act,  approved  April  2,  1860,  provided  that,  upon 
application  and  proper  showing,  these  purchasers  should  be  entitled  to  draw 
from  the  State  Treasury  the  amount  they  had  paid,  with  10  per  cent,  interest, 
on  the  contract  to  purchase  made  with  Mr.  Tolman.  Under  this  act,  five  appli- 
cations were  made  prior  to  1864,  and  the  applicants  received,  in  the  ai'^resate, 
$949.53.  .  oS   8     . 

By  an  act  approved  April  7,  1862,  the  Governor  was  forbidden  to  issue  to 
the  Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  Railroad  Company  any  certificate  of  the  completion 
of  any  part  of  said  road,  or  any  conveyance  of  lands,  iintil  the  company  should 
execute  and  file,  in  the  State  Land  Office,  a  release  of  its  claim — first,  to  cer- 
tain swamp  lands ;  second,  to  the  Des  Moines  River  Lands  sold  by  Tolman ; 
third,  to  certain  other  river  lands.  That  act  provided  that  "  the  said  company 
shall  transfer  their  interest  in  those  tracts  of  land  in  Webster  and  Hamilton 
Counties  heretofore  sold  by  John  Tolman,  School  Fund  Commissioner,  to  the 
Register  of  the  State  Land  Office  in  trust,  to  enable  said  Register  to  carry  out 
and  perform  said  contracts  in  all  cases  when  he  is  called  upon  by  the  parties 
interested  to  do  so,  before  the  1st  day  of  January,  A.  D.  1864. 

The  company  filed  its  release  to  the  Tolman  lands,  in  the  Land  Office,  Feb- 
ruary 27,  1864,  at  the  same  time  entered  its  protest  that  it  had  no  claim  upon 
them,  never  had  pretended  to  have,  and  had  never  sought  to  claim  them.  The 
Register  of  the  State  Land  Office,  under  the  advice  of  the  Attorney  General, 
decided  that  patents  would  be  issued  to  the  Tolman  purchasers  in  all  cases 
where  contracts  had  been  made  prior  to  December  23,  1853,  and  remaining 
uncanceled  under  the  act  of  1860.  But  before  any  were  issued,  on  the  27th  of 
August,  1864,  the  Des  Moines  Navigation  &  Railroad  Company  commenced  a 
suit  in  chancery,  in  the  District  Court  of  Polk  County,  to  enjoin  the  issue  of 
such  patents.  On  the  30th  of  August,  an  ex  parte  injunction  was  issued.  In 
January,  1868,  Mr.  J.  A.  Harvey,  Register  of  the  Land  Office,  filed  in  the 
court  an  elaborate  answer  to  plaintiffs'  petition,  denying  that  the  company  had 
any  right  to  or  title  in  the  lands.  Mr.  Harvey's  successor,  Mr.  0.  C.  Carpen- 
ter, filed  a  still  more  exhaustive  answer  February  10,  1868.  August  3,  1868, 
the  District  Court  dissolved  the  injunction.  The  company  appealed  to  the 
Supreme  Court,  where  the  decision  of  the  lower  court  was  affirmed  in  December, 
1869. 

VIII. — SWAMP   LAND   fiKANT. 

By  an  act  of  Congress,  approved  March  28,  1850,  to  enable  Arkansas  and 
other  States  to  reclaim  swampy  lands  within  their  limits,  granted  all  the  swamp 
and  overflowed  lands  remaining  unsold  within  their  respective  limits  to  the 
several  States.     Although  the  total  amount  claimed  by  Iowa  under  this  act 


-!12  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

does  not  exceed  4,000,000  acres,  it  has,  like  the  Des  Moines  River  and  some 
of  the  land  grants,  cost  the  State  considerable  trouble  and  expense,  and  required 
a  deal  of  legislation.  The  State  expended  large  sums  of  money  in  making  the 
selections,  securing  proofs,  etc.,  but  the  General  Government  appeared  to  be 
laboring  under  the  impression  that  Iowa  was  not  acting  in  good  faith ;  that  she 
had  selected  a  large  amount  of  lands  under  the  swamp  land  grant,  transferred 
her  interest  to  counties,  and  counties  to  private  speculators,  and  the  General 
Land  Office  permitted  contests  as  to  the  character  of  the  lands  already  selected 
by  the  Agents  of  the  State  as  "swamp  lands."  Congress,  by  joint  resolution 
Dec.  18,  1866,  and  by  act  March  3,  1857,  saved  the  State  from  the  fatal  result 
of  this  ruinous  policy.  Many  of  these  lands  were  selected  in  1854  and  1855, 
immediately  after  several  remarkably  wet  seasons,  and  it  was  but  natural  that 
some  portions  of  the  selections  would  not  appear  swampy  after  a  few  dry  seasons. 
Some  time  after  these  first  selections  were  made,  persons  desired  to  enter 
paf'ccls  of  the  so-called  swamp  lands  and  offering  to  prove  them  to  be  dry.  In 
such  cases  the  General  Land  OfBce  ordered  hearing  before  the  local  land  officers, 
and  if  they  decided  the  land  to  be  dry,  it  was  permitted  to  be  entered  and  the 
claim  of  the  State  rejected.  Speculators  took  advantage  of  this.  Affidavits 
were  bought  of  irresponsible  and  reckless  men,  who,  for  a  few  dollars,  would 
confidently  testify  to  the  character  of  lands  they  never  saw.  These  apphca- 
tions  multiplied  until  they  covered  3,000,000  acres.  It  was  necessary  that 
Congress  should  confirm  all  these  selections  to  the  State,  that  this  gigantic 
scheme  of  fraud  and  plunder  might  be  stopped.  The  act  of  Congress  of 
March  3,  1857,  was  designed  to  accomplish  this  purpose.  But  the  Commis- 
sioner of  the  General  Land  Office  held  that  it  was  only  a  qualified  confirma- 
tion, and  under  this  construction  sought  to  sustain  the  action  of  the  Department 
in  rejecting  the  claim  of  the  State,  and  certifying  them  under  act  of  May  15; 
1856,  under  which  the  railroad  companies  claimed  all  swamp  land  in  odd  num- 
bered sections  within  the  limits  of  their  respective  roads.  This  action  led  to 
serious  complications.  When  the  railroad  grant  was  made,  it  was  not  intended 
nor  was  it  understood  that  it  included  any  of  the  swamp  lands.  These  were 
already  disposed  of  by  previous  grant.  Nor  did  the  companies  expect  to 
receive  any  of  them,  but  under  the  decisions  of  the  Department  adverse  to  the 
State  the  way  was  opened,  and  they  were  not  slow  to  enter  their  claims.  March 
4,  1862,  the  Attorney  General  of  the  State  submitted  to  the  General  Assembly 
an  opinion  that  the  railroad  companies  were  not  entitled  even  to  contest  the 
right  of  the  State  to  these  lands,  under  the  swamp  land  grant.  A  letter  from 
the  Acting  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office  expressed  the  same 
opinion,  and  the  General  Assembly  by  joint  resolution,  approved  April  7, 1862, 
expressly  repudiated  the  acts  of  tlio  railroad  companies,  and  disclaimed  any 
intention  to  claim  these  lands  un^ler  any  other  than  the  act  of  Congress  of 
Sept.  28,  1850.  A  great  deal  of  legislation  has  been  found  necessary  in  rela- 
tion to  these  swamp  lands. 

IX. — THE   KAILROAD   GRANT. 

One  of  the  most  important  grants  of  public  lands  to  Iowa  for  purposes  of 
internal  improvement  was  that  known  as  tlie  "Ilailroad  Grant,"  by  act  of 
Congress  approved  May  15,  1856.  This  act  granted  to  the  State  of  Iowa,  for 
the  purpose  of  aiding  in  the  construction  of  railroads  from  Burlington,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  to  a  point  on  the  Missouri  River,  near  the  mouth  of  Platte' 
River;  from  the  city  of  Davenport,  via  Iowa  City  and  Fort  Des  Moines  to 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  213 

Oonncil  Bluffs ;  from  Lyons  City  northwesterly  to  a  point  of  intersection  with 
the  main  line  of  the  Iowa  Central  Air  Line  Railroad,  near  Maquoketa ;  thence 
on  said  main  line,  running  as  near  as  practicable  to  the  Forty-second  Parallel  • 
across  the  said  State  of  Iowa  to  the  Missouri  River ;  from  the  city  of  Dubuque 
to: a  point  on  the  Missouri  River,  near  Sioux  City,  with  a  branch  from  the 
mouth  of  the  Tete  des  Morts,  to  the  nearest  point  on  said  road,  to  be  com- 
pleted as  soon  as  the  main  road  is  completed  to  that  point,  every  alternate  section 
of  land,  designated  by  odd  numbers,  for  six  sections  in  width  on  each  si.le  of 
said  roads.  It  was  also  provided  that  if  it  should  appear,  when  the  lines  of  those 
roads  were  definitely  fixed,  that  the  United  States  had  sold,  or  right  of  pie- 
emption  had  attached  to  any  portion  of  said  land,  the  State  was  authorized  to 
select  a  quantity  equal  thereto,  in  alternate  sections,  or  parts  of  sections,  within 
fifteen  miles  of  the  lines  so  located.  The  lands  remaining  to  the  United  States 
within  six  miles  on  each  side  of  said  roads  were  not  to  be  sold  for  less  than  tlie 
double  minimum  price  of  the  public  lands  when  sold,  nor  were  any  of  said  lands 
to  become  subject  to  private  entry  until  they  had  been  first  offered  at  public 
Bale  at  the  increased  price. 

Section  4  of  the  act  provided  that  the  lands  granted  to  said  State  shall  be 
disposed  of  by  said  State  only  in  the  manner  following,  that  is  to  say :  that  a 
quantity  of  land  not  exceeding  one  hundred  and  twenty  sections  for  each  of  said 
roads,  and  included  within  a  continuous  length  of  twenty  miles  of  each  of  said 
roads,  may  be  sold ;  and  when  the  Governor  of  said  State  shall  certify  to  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior  that  any  twenty  continuous  miles  of  any  of  said  roads 
is  completed,  then  another  quantity  of  land  hereby  granted,  not  to  exceed  one 
hundred  and  twenty  sections  for  each  of  said  roads  having  twenty  continuous 
miles  completed  as  aforesaid,  and  included  within  a  continuous  length  of  twenty 
miles  of  each  of  such  roads,  may  be  sold ;  and  so  from  time  to  time  until  said 
roads  are  completed,  and  if  any  of  said  roads  are  not  completed  within  ten 
years,  no  further  sale  shall  be  made,  and  the  lands  unsold  shall  revert  to  the 
United  States." 

At  a  special  session  of  the  G-eneral  Assembly  of  Iowa,  by  act  approved  July 
14, 1856,  the  grant  was  accepted  and  the  lands  were  granted  by  the  State  to 
the  several  railroad  companies  named,  provided  that  the  lines  of  their  respective 
roads  should  be  definitely  fixed  and  located  before  April  1,  1857;  and  pro- 
vided further,  that  if  either  of  said  companies  should  fail  to  have  seventy-five 
miles  of  road  completed  and  equipped  by  the  1st  day  of  December,  1 859,  and 
its  entire  road  completed  by  December  1,  1865,  it  should  be  competent  for  the 
State  of  Iowa  to  resume  all  rights  to  lands  remaining  undisposed  of  by  the 
company  so  failing. 

The  railroad  companies,  with  the  single  exception  of  the  Iowa  Central  Air 

^  Line,  accepted  the  several  grants  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  above 

'  act,  located  their  respective  roads  and  selected  their  lands.      The  grant  to  the 

Iowa  Central  was  again  granted  to  the  Cedar  Rapids  &  Missouri  River  Railroad 

Company,  which  accepted  them. 

By  act,  approved  April  7,  1862,  the  Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  Railroad  Com- 
pany was  required  to  execute  a  release  to  the  State  of  certain  swamp  and  school 
lands,  included  within  the  limits  of  its  grant,  in  compensation  for  an  extension 
of  the  time  fixed  for  the  completion  of  its  road. 
,     ,  A  careful  examination  of  the  act  of  Congress  does  not  reveal  any  special 
"'  reference  to  railroad  companies.      The  lands  were  granted  to  the  State,  and  the 
,  act  evidently  contemplate  the  sale  of  them  ly  the  State,  and  the  appropriation 
of  the  proceeds  to  aid  in  the  construction  of  certain  lines  of  railroad  within  its 


214  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

limits.      Section  4  of  the  act  clearly  defines  the  authority  of  the  State  in  dis- 
posing of  the  lands. 

Lists  of  all  the  lands  embraced  by  the  grant  -were  made,  and  certified  to  the 
State  by  the  proper  authorities.  Under  an  act  of  Congress  approved  August  3, 
lb54,  entitled  '■'■An  act  to  vest  in  the  several  States  and  Territories  the  title  in 
fee  of  the  lands  which  have  been  or  may  be  certified  to  them,"  these  certified  lists, 
the  originals  of  -which  are  filed  in  the  General  Land  Office,  conveyed  to  the  State 
"the  fee  simple  title  to  all  the  lands  embraced  in  such  lists  that  are  of  the  char- 
acter contemplated  "  by  the  terms  of  the  act  making  the  grant,  and  "intended 
to  be  granted  thereby ;  but  where  lands  embraced  in  such  lists  are  not  of  the 
character  embraced  by  such  act  of  Congress,  and  were  not  intended  to  be  granted 
thereby,  said  lists,  so  far  as  these  lands  are  concerned,  shall  be  perfectly  null 
and  void;  and  no  right,  title,  claim  or  interest  shall  be  conveyed  thereby." 
Those  certified  lists  made  under  the  act  of  May  15,  1856,  were  forty-three  in 
number,  viz.:  For  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  nine;  for  the 
Mississippi  &  Missouri  Railroad,  11 ;  for  the  Iowa  Central  Air  Line,  thirteen ; 
and  for  the  Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  Railroad,  ten.  The  lands  thus  approved  to 
the  State  were  as  follows : 

Burlington  &  Missouri  Biver  B.  B 287,095.34  acres. 

Mississippi  &  Missouri  River  R.  B 774,674.36     " 

Cedar  Rapids  &  Missouri  River  R.  R 775,454.19     " 

Dubuque  &  blouxCityR.  R 1,226,558.32     " 

A  portion  of  these  had  been  selected  as  swamp  lands  by  the  State,  under 
the  act  of  September  28,  1850,  and  these,  by  the  terms  of  the  act  of  August  3, 
1854,  could  not  be  turned  over  to  the  railroads  unless  the  claim  of  the  State  to 
them  as  swamp  was  first  rejected.  It  was  not  possible  to  determine  from  the 
records  of  the  State  Land  Office  the  extent  of  the  conflicting  claims  arising  under* 
the  two  grants,  as  copies  of  the  swamp  land  selections  in  some  of  the  counties 
were  not  filed  of  record.  The  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office,  howevei^ 
prepared  lists  of  the  lands  claimed  by  the  State  as  swamp  under  act  of  SeptembjfX 
28,  1850,  and  also  claimed  by  the  railroad  companies  under  act  of  May  15, 
1856,  amounting  to  553,293.33  acres,  the  claim  to  which  as  swamp  had  been 
rejected  by  the  Department.  These  were  consequently  certified  to  the  State  aa 
railroad  lands.  There  was  no  mode  other  than  the  act  of  July,  18S6,  prescribed 
for  transferring  the  title  to  these  lands  from  the  State  to  the  companies.  The 
courts  had  decided  ihat,  for  the  purposes  of  the  grant,  the  lands  belonged  to  the 
State,  and  to  her  the  companies  should  look  for  their  titles.  It  was  generally 
accepted  that  the  act  of  the  Legislature  of  July,  1856,  was  all  that  was  neces- 
sary to  complete,  the  transfer  of  title.  It  was  assumed  that  all  the  rights  and 
powers  conferred  upon  the  State  by  the  act  of  Congress  of  May  14,  1856,  were 
by  the  act  of  the  General  Assembly  transferred  to  the  companies ;  in  other 
words,  that  it  was  designed  to  put  the  companies  in  the  place  of  the  State  as  the 
grantees  from  Congress — and,  therefore,  that  which  perfected  the  title  thereto 
to  the  State  perfected  the  title  to  the  companies  by  virtue  of  the  act  of  July, 
1856.  One  of  the  companies,  however,  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Rail- 
road Company,  was  not  entirely  satisfied  with  this  construction.  Its  managers 
thought  that  some  further  and  specific  action  of  the  State  authorities  in  addition 
to  the  act  of  the  Legislature  was  necessary  to  complete  their  title.  This  induced 
Gov.  Lowe  to  attach  to  the  certified  lists  his  official  certificate,  under  the  broad 
seal  of  the  State.  On  the  9th  of  November,  1859,  the  Governor  thus  certifi^ 
to  them  (commencing  at  the  Missouri  River)  187,207.44  acres,  and  December 
27th,  43,775.70  acres,  an  aggregate  of  231,073.14  acres.     These  were  the  only 


HISTORY  OP  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  215 

lands  under  the  grant  that  were  certified  by  the  State  authorities  with  any 
design  of  perfecting  the  title  already  vested  in  the  company  by  the  act  of  July, 
1856.  The  lists  which  were  afterward  furnished  to  the  company  were  simply 
certified  by  the  Governor  as  beitig  correct  copies  of  the  lists  received  by  the 
State  from  the  United  States  General  Land  Office.  These  subsequent  lists 
embraced  lands  that  had  teen  claimed  by  the  State  under  the  Swamp  Land 
Grant. 

It  was  urged  against  the  claim  of  the  Companies  that  the  effect  of  the  act 
of  the  Legislature  was  simply  to  substitute  them  for  the  State  as  parties  to  the 
grant.  1st.  That  the  lands  were  granted  to  the  State  to  be  held  in  trust  for  the 
accomplishment  of  a  specific  purpose,  and  therefore  the  State  could  not  part 
with  the  title  until  that  purpose  should  have  been  accomplished.  2d.  That  it 
was  not  the  intention  of  the  act  of  July  14, 1856,  to  deprive  the  State  of  the  con- 
trol of  the  lands,  but  on  the  contrary  that  she  should  retain  supervision  of  them 
and  the  right  to  withdraw  all  rights  and  powers  and  resume  the  title  condition- 
ally conferred  by  that  act  upon  the  companies  in  the  event  of  their  failure  to 
complete  their  part  of  the  contract.  3d.  That  the  certified  lists  from  the  Gen- 
eral Land  Office  vested  the  title  in  the  State  only  by  virtue  of  the  act  of  Con- 
gress approved  August  3,  1854.  The  State  Land  Office  held  that  the  proper 
construction  of  the  act  of  July  14,  1856,  when  accepted  by  the  companies,  was 
that  it  became  a  conditional  contract  that  might  ripen  into  a  positive  sale  of  the 
lands  as  from  time  to  time  the  work  should  progress,  and  as  the  State  thereby 
became  authorized  by  the  express  terms  of  the  grant  to  sell  them. 

This  appears  to  have  been  the  correct  construction  of  the  act,  but  by  a  sub- 
Bequent  act  of  Congress,  approved  June  2,  1864,  amending  the  act  of  1856,  the 
terms  of  the  grant  were  changed,  and  numerous  controversies  arose  between  the 
companies  and  the  State. 

The  ostensible  purpose  of  this  additional  act  was  to  allow  the  Davenport  & 
Council  Bluffs  Railroad  "to  modify  or  change  the  location  of  the  uncompleted 
portion  of  its  line,"  to  run  through  the  town  of  Newton,  Jasper  County,  or  as 
nearly  as  practicable  to  that  point.  The  original  grant  had  been  made  to  the 
State  to  aid  in  the  construction  of  railroads  within  its  limits  and  not  to  the  com- 
panies, but  Congress,  in  1864,  appears  to  have  been  utterly  ignorant  of  what 
had  been  done  under  the  act  of  1856,  or,  if  not,  to  have  utterly  disregarded  it. 
The  State  had  accepted  the  original  grant.  The  Secretary  of  the  Interior  had 
already  certified  to  the  State  all  the  lands  intended  to  be  included  in  the  grant 
within  fifteen  miles  of  the  lines  of  the  several  railroads.  It  will  be  remembered 
that  Section  4,  of  the  act  of  May  15,  1856,  specifies  'the  manner  of  sale  of 
these  lands  from  time  to  time  as  work  on  the  railroads  should  progress,  and  also 
provided  that  "if  any  of  said  roads  are  not  completed  within  ten  years,  no  fur- 
ther sale  shall  be  made,  and  the  lands  unsold  shall  revert  to  the  United  States" 
Having  vested  the  title  to  these  lands  in  trust,  in  the  State  of  Iowa,  it  is  plain 
that  until  the  expiration  of  the  ten  years  there  could  be  no  reversion,  and  the 
State,  not  the  United  States,  must  control  them  until  the  grant  should  expire 
by  limitation.  The  United  States  authorities  could  not  rightfully  require  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  certify  directly  to  the  companies  any  portion  of 
the  lands  already  certified  to  the  State.  And  yet  Congress,  by  its  act  of  June 
2, 1864,  provided  that  whenever  the  Davenport  &  Council  Bluffs  Railroad  Com- 
pany should  file  in  the  General  Land  Office  at  Washington  a  map  definitely 
showing  such  new  location,  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  should  cause  to  be  cer- 
tified and  conveyed  to  said  Company,  from  time  to  time,  as  the  road  progressed, 
out  of  any  of  the  lands  belonging  to  the  United  States,  not  sold,  reserved,  or 


216  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

otherwise  disposed  of,  or  to  which  a  pre-emption  claim  or  right  of  homestead  had 
not  attached,  and  on  which  a  bona  fide  settlement  and  improvement  had  not 
been  made  under  color  of  title  derived  from  the  United  States  or  from  the  State 
of  Iowa,  within  six  miles  of  such  newly  located  line,  an  amount  of  land  per 
mile  equal  to  that  originally  authorized  to  be  granted  to  aid  in  the  construction 
of  said  road  by  the  act  to  which  this  was  an  amendment. 

The  term  "out  of  any  lands  belonging  to  the  United  States,  not  sold,  re- 
served or  otherwise  disposed  of,  etc.,"  would  seem  to  indicate  that  Congress  did 
intend  to  grant  lands  already  granted,  but  when  it  declared  that  the  Company 
should  have  an  amount  per  mile  equal  to  that  originally  authorized  to  be  granted, 
it  is  plain  that  the  framers  of  the  bill  were  ignorant  of  the  real  terms  of  the 
original  grant,  or  that  they  designed  that  the  United  States  should  resume  the 
title  it  had  already  parted  with  two  years  before  the  lands  could  revert  to  the 
United  States  under  the  original  act,  which  was  not  repealed. 

A  similar  change  was  made  in  relation  to  the  Cedar  Rapids  &  Missouri 
Railroad,  and  dictated  the  conveyance  of  lands  in  a  similar  manner. 

Like  provision  was  made  for  the  Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  Railroad,  and  the 
Company  was  permitted  to  change  the  location  of  its  line  between  Fort  Dodge 
and  Sioux  City,  so  as  to  secure  the  best  route  between  those  points ;  but  this 
change  of  location  was  not  to  impair  the  right  to  the  land  granted  in  the  ong- 
inal  act,  nor  did  it  change  the  location  of  those  lands. 

By  the  same  act,  the  Mississippi  &  Missouri  Railroad  Company  was  author- 
ized to  transfer  and  assign  all  or  any  part  of  the  grant  to  any  other  company  or 
person,  "  if,  in  the  opinion  of  said  Company,  the  construction  of  said  railroad 
across  the  State  of  Iowa  would  be  thereby  sooner  and  more  satisfactorily  com- 
pleted ;  but  such  assignee  should  not  in  any  case  be  released  from  the  liabilities 
and  conditions  accompanying  this  grant,  nor  acquire  perfect  title  in  any  other 
manner  than  the  same  would  have  been  acquired  by  the  original  grantee."    ,- 

Still  further,  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad  was  not  forgottpn, 
and  was,  by  the  same  act,  empowered  to  receive  an  amount  of  land  per  mile 
equal  to  that  mentioned  in  the  original  act,  and  if  that  could  not  be  found  within 
the  limits  of  six  miles  from  the  line  of  said  road,  then  such  selection  might 
be  made  along ,  such  line  within  twenty  miles  thereof  out  of  any  public  landa 
belonging  to  the  United  States,  not  sold,  reserved  or  otherwise  disposed  of,  or 
to  which  a  pre-emption  claim  or  right  of  homestead  had  not  attached. 

Those  acts  of  Congress,  which  evidently  originated  in  the  "lobby,"  occa- 
sioned much  controversy  and  trouble.  The  Department  of  the  Interior,  how- 
ever, recognizing  the  fact  that  when  the  Secretary  had  certified  the  lands  to  the 
State,  under  the  act  of  1856,  that  act  divested  the  United  States  of  title,  under 
the  vesting  act  of  August,  1854,  refused  to  review  its  action,  and  also  refused 
to  order  any  and  all  investigations  for  establishing  adverse  claims  (except  in 
pre-emption  cases),  on  the  ground  that  the  United  States  had  parted  with  the 
title,  and,  therefore,  could  exercise  no  control  over  the  land. 

May  12,  1864,  before  the  passage  of  the  amendatory  act  above  described, 
Congress  granted  to  the  State  of  Iowa,  to  aid  in  the  construction  of  a  railroad 
from  McGregor  to  Sioux  City,  and  for  the  benefit  of  the  McGregor  Western 
Railroad  Company,  every  alternate  section  of  land,  designated  by  odd  numbers, 
for  ten  sections  in  width  on  each  side  of  the  proposed  road,  reserving  the  right 
to  substitute  other  lands  whenever  it  was  found  that  the  grant  infringed  upon 
pre-empted  lands,  or  on  lands  that  had  been  reserved  or  disposed  of  for  any  other 
purpose.  In  such  cases,  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  was  instructed  to  select,  in 
lieu,  lands  belonging  to  the  United  States  lying  nearest  to  the  limits  specified. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  217 

X. — AGRICULTURAL   COLLEGE   AND   FARM   LANDS. 

An  Agricultural  College  and  Model  Farm  was  established  by  act  of  the 
General  Assembly,  approved  March  22,  1858.  By  the  eleventh  section  of  the 
act,  the  proceeds  of  the  five-section  grant  made  for  the  purpose  of  aiding  in  the 
erection  of  public  buildings  was  appropriated,  subject  to  the  approval  of  Con- 
gress, together  with  all  lands  that  Congress  might  thereafter  grant  to  the  State 
for  the  purpose,  for  the  benefit  of  the  institution.  On  the  23d  of  March,  by 
joint  resolution,  the  Legislature  asked  the  consent  of  Congress  to  the  proposed 
'.transfer.  By  act  approved  July  11,  1862,  Congress  removed  the  restrictions 
, imposed  in  the  "five-section  grant,"  and  authorized  the  General  Assembly  to 
make  such  disposition  of  the  lands  as  should  be  deemed  best  for  the  interests  of 
the  State.  By  these  several  acts,  the  five  sections  of  land  in  Jasper  County 
certified  to  the  State  to  aid  in  the  erection  of  public  buildings  under  the  act  of 
March  3,  1845,  entitled  "  An  act  supplemental  to  the  act  for  the  admission  of 
the  States  of  Iowa  and  Florida  into  the  Union,"  were  fully  appropriated  for 
the  benefit  of  the  Iowa  Agricultural  College  and  Farm.  The  institution  is 
located  in  Story  County.  Seven  hundred  and  twenty-one  acres  in  that  and 
two  hundred  in  Boone  County  were  donated  to  it  by  individuals  interested  in 
the  success  of  the  enterprise. 

By  act  of  Congress  approved  July  2,  1862,  an  appropriation  was  made  to 
each  State  and  Territory  of  30,000  acres  for  each  Senator  and  Representative 
in  Congress,  to  which,  by  the  apportionment  under  the  census  of  1860,  they 
were  respectively  entitled.  This  grant  was  made  for  the  purpose  of  endowing 
colleges  of  agriculture  and  mechanic  arts. 

Iowa  accepted  this  grant  by  an  act  passed  at  an  extra  session  of  its  Legis- 
lature, approved  September  11,  1862,  entitled  "An  act  to  accept  of  the  grant, 
and  carry  into  execution  the  trust  conferred  upon  the  State  of  Iowa  by  an  act 
of  Congress  entitled  '  An  act  granting  public  lands  to  the  several  States  and 
Territories  which  may  provide  colleges  for  the  benefit  of  agriculture  and  the 
Tnechanic  arts,'  approved  July  2,  1862."     This  act  made  it  the  duty  of  the 
Governor  to  appoint  an   agent  to  select  and  locate  the  lands,  and  provided 
that   none   should   be  selected  that  were  claimed   by  any  county  as  swamp 
lands.     The  agent  was  required  to  make  report  of  his  doings  to  the  Governor, 
who  was  instructed  to  submit  the  list  of  selections  to  the  Board  of  Trustees  of 
the  Agricultural  College  for  their  approval.     One  thousand  dollars  were  appro- 
priated to  carry  the  law  into  efi'ect.     The  State,  having  two  Senators  and  six 
Representatives  in  Congress,  was  entitled  to  240,000  acres  of  land  under  this 
grant,  for  the  purpose  of  establishing  and  maintaining  an  Agricultural  College. 
Peter  Melendy,  Esq.,  of  Black  Hawk  County,  was  appointed  to  make  the  selec- 
■  tions,  and  during  August,  September  and  December,  1863,  located  them  in  the 
Port  Dodge,  Des  Moines  and  Sioux  City  Land  Districts.     December  8,  1864, 
these  selections  were  certified  by  the  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Ofiice, 
and  were  approved  to  the  State  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  December  13, 
1864.     The  title  to  these  lands  was  vested  in  the  State  in  fee  simple,  and  con- 
flicted with  no  other  claims  under  other  grants. 

The  agricultural  lands  were  approved  to  the  State  as  240,000.96  acres ;  but 
as  35,691.66  acres  were  located  within  railroad  limits,  which  were  computed  at 
the  rate  of  two  acres  for  one,  the  actual  amount  of  land  approved  to  the  State 
under  this  grant  was  only  204,309.30  acres,  located  as  follows: 

In  Des  Moines  Land  District 6,804.96  acres. 

In  Sioux  City  Land  District '. 59,025.87     " 

In  Fort  Dodge  Land  District 138,478.97     " 


218  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

By  act  of  the  General  Assembly,  approved  March  29,  1864,  entitled,  "  An 
act  authorizing  the  Trustees  of  the  Iowa  State  Agricultural  College  and  Farm 
to  sell  all  lands  acquired,  granted,  donated  or  appropriated  for  the  benefit  of 
said  college,  and  to  make  an  investment  of  the  proceeds  thereof,"  all  these  lands 
were  granted  to  the  Agricultural  College  and  Farm,  and  the  Trustees  were  au- 
thorized to  take  possession,  and  sell  or  lease  them.  They  were  then,  under  the 
control  of  the  Trustees,  lands  as  follows  : 

Under  the  act  of  July  2,  1852 204,309.30  acres. 

Of  the  five-section  grant ^'7o'''nrt 

Lands  donated  in  Story  County 721.00 

Lands  donated  in  Boone  County 200.00 

Total 208,430.30  acres. 

The  Trustees  opened  an  oflSce  at  Fort  Dodge,  and  appointed  Hon.  G.  W- 
Bassett  their  agent  for  the  sale  of  these  lands. 

THE  PUBLIC   SCHOOLS. 

The  germ  of  the  free  public  school  system  of  Iowa,  which  now  ranks  sec- 
ond to  none  in  the  United  States,  was  planted  by  the  first  settlers.  They  had 
migrated  to  the  "  The  Beautiful  Land  "  from  other  and  older  States,  wl)ere  the 
common  school  system  had  been  tested  by  many  years'  experience,  bringing 
with  them  some  knowledge  of  its  advantages,  which  they  determined  should  be 
enjoyed  by  the  children  of  the  land  of  their  adoption.  The  system  thus  planted 
was  expanded  and  improved  in  the  broad  fields  of  the  West,  until  now  it  is 
justly  considered  one  of  the  most  complete,  comprehensive  and  liberal  in  the 
country. 

Nor  is  this  to  be  wondered  at  when  it  is  remembered  humble  log  school 
houses  were  built  almost  as  soon  as  the  log  cabin  of  the  earliest  settlers  were 
occupied  by  their  brave  builders.  In  the  lead  mining  regions  of  the  State,  the 
first  to  be  occupied  by  the  white  race,  the  hardy  pioneers  provided  the  means 
for  the  education  of  their  children  even  before  they  had  comfortable  dwellings 
for  their  families.  School  teachers  were  among  the  first  immigrants  to  Iowa. 
Wherever  a  little  settlement  was  made,  the  school  house  was  the  first  united 
public  act  of  the  settlers;  and  the  rude,  primitive  structures  of  the  early  time 
only  disappeared  when  the  communities  had  increased  in  population  and  wealth, 
and  were  able  to  replace  them  with  more  commodious  and  comfortable  buildings. 
Perhaps  in  no  single  instance  has  the  magnificent  progress  of  the  State  of  Iowa 
been  more  marked  and  rapid  than  in  her  common  school  system  and  in  her  school 
houses,  which,  long  since,  superseded  the  log  cabins  of  the  first  settlers.  To- 
day, the  school  houses  which  everywhere  dot  the  broad  and  fertile  prairies  of 
Iowa  are  unsurpassed  by  those  of  any  other  State  in  the  great  Union.  More 
especially  is  this  true  in  all  her  cities  and  villages,  where  liberal  and  lavish 
appropriations  have  been  voted,  by  a  generous  people,  for  the  erection  of  large, 
commodious  and  elegant  buildings,  furnished  with  nil  the  modern  improvements, 
and  costing  from  $10,000  to  |60,000  each.  The  people  of  the  State  have  ex- 
pended more  than  $10,000,000  for  the  erection  of  public  school  buildings. 

The  first  house  erected  in  Iowa  was  a  log  cabin  at  Dubuque,  built  by  James 
L.  Langworthy  and  a  few  other  miners,  in  the  Autumn  of  1833.  When  it  was 
completed,  George  Cabbage  was  employed  as  teacher  during  the  Winter  of 
1S33-4,  and  thirty-five  pupils  attended  his  school.  Barrett  Whittemore  taught 
the  second  term  with  twenty-five  pupils  in  attendance.     Mrs.  Caroline  Dexter 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  219 

commenced  teaching  in  Dubuque  in  March,  1836.  She  was  the  first  female 
teacher  there,  and  probably  the  first  in  Iowa.  In  1839,  Thomas  H.  Benton, 
Jr.,  afterward  for  ten  years  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  opened  an 
English  and  classical  school  in  Dubuque.  The  first  tax  for  the  support  of 
schools  at  Dubuque  was  levied  in  1840. 

Among  the  first  buildings  erected  at  Burlington  was  a  commodious  log  school 
house  in  1834,  in  which  Mr.  Johnson  Pierson  taught  the  first  school  in  the 
Winter  of  1884-5. 

The  first  school  in  Muscatine  County  was  taught  by  George  Bumgardner, 
in  the  Spring  of  1837,  and  in  1839,  a  log  school  house  was  erected  in  Musca- 
tine, which  served  for  a  long  time  for  school  house,  church  and  public  hall. 
The  first  school  in  Davenport  was  taught  in  1838.  In  Fairfield,  Miss  Clarissa 
Sawyer,  James  F.  Chambers  and  Mrs.  Reed  taught  school  in  1839. 

When  the  site  of  Iowa  City  was  selected  as  the  capitiil  of  the  Territory  of 
Iowa,  in  May,  1839,  it  was  a  perfect  wilderness.  The  first  sale  of  lots  took 
place  August  18,  1839,  and  before  January  1,  1840,  about  twenty  families  had 
settled  within  the  limits  of  the  town ;  and  during  the  same  year,  Mr.  Jesse 
Berry  opened  a  school  in  a  small  frame  building  he  had  erected,  on  what  is  now 
College  street. 

The  first  settlement  in  Monroe  County  was  made  in  1843,  by  Mr.  John  R. 
Gray,  about  two  miles  from  the  present  site  of  Eddyville;  and  in  the  Summer 
of  1844,  a  log  school  house  was  built  by  Gray,  William  V.  Beedle,  C.  Renfro, 
Joseph  McMullen  and  Willoughby  Randolph,  and  the  first  school  was  opened 
by  Miss  Urania  Adams.  The  building  was  occupied  for  school  purposes  for 
nearly  ten  years.  About  a  year  after  the  first  cabin  was  built  at  Oskaloosa,  a 
log  school  house  was  built,  in  which  school  was  opened  by  Samuel  W.  Caldwell 
in  1844. 

At  Fort  Des  Moines,  now  the  capital  of  the  State,  the  first  school  was 
tanght  by  Lewis  Whitten,  Clerk  of  the  District  Court  in  the  Winter  of  1846-7, 
in  one  of  the  rooms  on  "  Coon  Row,"  built  for  barracks. 

The  first  school  in  Pottawattomie  County  was  opened  by  George  Green,  a 
Mormon,  at  Council  Point,  prior  to  1849 ;  and  until  about  1854,  nearly,  if  not 
quite,  all  the  teachers  in  that  vicinity  were  Mormons. 

The  first  school  in  Decorah  was  taught  in  1853,  by  T.  W.  Burdick,  then  a 
young  man  of  seventeen.  In  Osceola,  the  first  school  was  opened  by  Mr.  D. 
W.  Scoville.  The  first  school  at  Fort  Dodge  was  taught  in  1855,  by  Cyrus  C. 
Carpenter,  since  Governor  of  the  State.  In  Crawford  County,  the  first  school 
house  was  built  in  Mason's  Grove,  in  1856,  and  Morris  McHenry  first  occupied 
it  as  teacher. 

During  the  first  twenty  years  of  the  history  of  Iowa,  the  log  school  house  pre- 
vailed, and  in  1861,  there  were  893  of  these  primitive  structures  in  use  for 
school  purposes  in  the  State.  Since  that  time  they  have  been  gradually  dis- 
appearing.    In  1865,  there  were  796 ;  in  1870,  336,  and  in  1875,  121. 

Iowa  Territory  was  created  July  3, 1838.  January  1, 1839,  the  Territorial 
Legislature  passed  an  act  providing  that  "  there  shall  be  established  a  common 
school,  or  schools  in  each  of  the  counties  in  this  Territory,  which  shall  be 
open  and  free  for  every  class  of  white  citizens  between  the  ages  of  five  and 
twenty -one  years."  The  second  section  of  the  act  provided  that  "  the  County 
Board  shall,  from  time  to  time,  form  such  districts  in  their  respective  counties 
whenever  a  petition  may  be  presented  for  the  purpose  by  a  majority  of  the 
voters  resident  within  such  contemplated  district."  These  districts  were  gov- 
erned by  boards  of  trustees,  usually  of  three  persons ;  each  district  was  required 


220  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

to  maintain  school  at  least  three  montlis  in  everj  year ;  and  later,  laws  were 
enacted  providing  for  county  school  taxes  for  the  payment  of  teachers,  and  that 
whatever  additional  sum  might  be  required  should  be  assessed  upon  the  parents 
sending,  in  proportion  to  the  length  of  time  sent. 

When  Iowa  Territory  became  a  State,  in  1846,  with  a  population  of  100,- 
000,  and  with  20,000  scholars  within  its  limits,  about  four  hundred  school  dis- 
tricts had  been  organized.  In  1850,  there  were  1,200,  and  in  1857,  the 
number  had  increased  to  3,265. 

In  March,  1858,  upon  the  recommendation  of  Hon.  M.  L.  Fisher,  then  Su- 
perintendent of  Public  Instruction,  the  Seventh  General  Assembly  enacted  that 
"each  civil  township  is  declared  a  school  district,"  and  provided  that  these  should 
be  divided  into  sub-districts.  This  law  went  into  force  March  20,  1858,  and 
reduced  the  number  of  school  districts  from  about  3,500  to  less  than  900. 

This  change  of  school  organization  resulted  in  a  very  material  reduction  pf 
the  expenditures  for  the  compensation  of  District  Secretaries  and  Treasurers. 
An  effort  was  made  for  several  years,  from  1867  to  1872,  to  abolish  the  sub- 
district  system.  Mr.  Kissell,  Superintendent,  recommended,  in  his  report  of 
January  1,  1872,  and  Governor  Merrill  forcibly  endorsed  his  views  in  his  annual 
message.  But  the  Legislature  of  that  year  provided  for  the  formation  of  inde- 
pendent districts  from  the  sub-districts  of  district  townships. 

The  system  of  graded  schools  was  inaugurated  in  1849 ;  and  new  schools,  ia 
which  more  than  one  teacher  is  employed,  are  universally  graded. 

The  first  official  mention  of  Teachers'  Institutes  in  the  educational  records 
of  Iowa  occurs  in  the  annual  report  of  Hon.  Thomas  H.  Benton,  Jr.,  made 
iJecember  2,  1850,  who  said,  "An  institution  of  this  character  was  organized  a 
few  years  ago,  composed  of  the  teachers  of  the  mineral  regions  of  Illinois, 
Wisconsin  and  Iowa.  An  association  of  teachers  has,  also,  been  formed  in  the 
county  of  Henry,  and  an  effort  was  made  in  October  last  to  organize  a  regular 
institute  in  the  county  of  Jones."  At  that  time — although  the  beneficial 
influence  of  these  institutes  was  admitted,  it  was  urged  that  the  expenses  of 
attending  them  was  greater  than  teachers  with  limited  compensation  were  able 
to  bear.  To  obviate  this  objection,  Mr.  Benton  recommended  that  "  the  sum  of 
f  150  should  be  appropriated  annually  for  three  years,  to  be  drawn  in  install- 
ments of  $50  each  by  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  and  expended 
for  these  institutions."  He  proposed  that  three  institutes  should  be  held  annu- 
ally at  points  to  be  designated  by  the  Superintendent. 

No  legislation  in  this  direction,  however,  was  had  until  March,  1858,  when 
an  act  was  passed  authorizing  the  holding  of  teachers'  institutes  for  periods  not 
less  than  six  working  days,  whenever  not  less  than  thirty  teachers  should  desire. 
The  Superintendent  was  authorized  to  expend  not  exceeding  flOO  for  any  one 
institute,  to  be  paid  out  by  the  County  Superintendent  as  the  institute  might 
direct  for  teachers  and  lecturers,  and  one  thousand  dollars  was  appropriated  to 
defray  the  expenses  of  these  institutes. 

December  6,  1858,  Mr.  Fisher  reported  to  the  Board  of  Education  that 
institutes  had  been  appointed  in  twenty  counties  within  the  preceding  six  months, 
and  more  would  have  been,  but  the  appropriation  had  been  exhausted. 

The  Board  of  Education  at  its  first  session,  commencing  December  6,  1858, 
enacted  a  code  of  school  laws  which  retained  the  existing  provisions  for  teachers' 
institutes. 

In  Ma,rch,  1860,  the  General  Assembly  amended  the  act  of  the  Board  by 
appropriating  "  a  sum  not  exceeding  fifty  dollars  annually  for  one  such  institute, 
held  as  provided  by  law  in  each  county." 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  221 

In  1865,  Mr.  Faville  reported  that  "  the  provision  made  by  the  State  for  the 
benefit  of  teachers'  institutes  has  never  been  so  fully  appreciated,  both  by  the 
people  and  the  teachers,  as  during  the  last  two  years." 

By  act  approved  March  19,  1874,  Normal  Institutes  were  established  in 
each  county,  to  be  held  annually  by  the  County  Superintendent.  This  was 
regarded  as  a  very  decided  step  in  advance  by  Mr.  Abernethy,  and  in  1876  the 
Sixteenth  General  Assembly  established  the  first  permanent  State  Normal 
School  at  Cedar  Falls,  Black  Hawk  County,  appropriating  the  building  and 
property  of  the  Soldiers'  Orphans'  Home  at  that  place  for  that  purpose.  This 
school  is  now  "  in  tlie  full  tide  of  successful  experiment." 

The  public  school  system  of  Iowa  is  admirably  organized,  and  if  the  various 
"officers  who  are  entrusted  with  the  educational  interests  of  the  commonwealth 
are  faithful  and  competent,  should  and  will  constantly  improve. 

"  The  public  schools  are  supported  by  funds  arising  from  several  sources. 
The  sixteenth  section  of  every  Congressional  Township  was  set  apart  by  the 
General  Government  for  school  purposes,  being  one-thirty-sixth  part  of  all  the 
lands  of  the  State.  The  minimum  price  of  these  lands  was  fixed  at  one  dollar 
and  twenty-five  cents  per  acre.  Congress  also  made  an  additional  donation  to 
the  State  of  five  hundred  thousand  acres,  and  an  appropriation  of  five  per  cent. 
on  all  the  sales  of  public  lands  to  the  school  fund.  The  State  gives  to  this 
'fund  the  proceeds  of  the  sales  of  all  lands  which  escheat  to  it ;  the  proceeds  of 
all  fines  for  the  violation  of  the  liquor  and  criminal  laws.  The  money  derived 
from  these  sources  constitutes  the  permanent  school  fund  of  the  State,  which 
cannot  be  diverted  to  any  other  purpose.  The  penalties  collected  by  the  courts 
for  fines  and  forfeitures  go  to  the  school  fund  in  the  counties  where  collected. 
The  proceeds  of  the  sale  of  lands  and  the  five  per  cent,  fund  go  into  the  State 
Treasury,  and  the  State  distributes  these  proceeds  to  the  several  counties  accord- 
ing to  their  request,  and  the  counties  loan  the  money  to  individuals  for  long 
terms  at  eight  per  cent,  interest,  on  security  of  land  valued  at  three  times  the 
amount  of  the  loan,  exclusive  of  all  buildings  and  improvements  thereon.  The 
interest  on  these  loans  is  paid  into  the  State  Treasury,  and  becomes  the  avail- 
able school  fund  of  the  State.  The  counties  are  responsible  to  the  State  for  all 
money  so  loaned,  and  the  State  is  likewise  responsible  to  the  school  fund  for  all 
moneys  transferred  to  the  counties.  The  interest  on  these  loans  is  apportioned 
by  the  State  Auditor  semi-annually  to  the  several  counties  of  the  State,  in  pro- 
portion to  the  number  of  persons  between  the  ages  of  five  and  twenty-one  years. 
The  counties  also  levy  an  annual  tax  for  school  purposes,  which  is  apportioned 
to  the  several  district  townships  in  the  same  way.  A  district  tax  is  also 
levied  for  the  same  purpose.  The  money  arising  from  these  several  sources 
constitutes  the  support  of  the  public  schools,  and  is  sufficient  to  enable 
every  sub-district  in  the  State  to  afford  from  six  to  nine  months'  school 
each  year." 

The  taxes  levied  for  the  support  of  schools  are  self-imposed.  Under  the 
admirable  school  laws  of  the  State,  no  taxes  can  be  legally  assessed  or  collected 
for  the  erection  of  school  houses  until  they  have  been  ordered  by  the  election  of 
the  district  at  a  school  meeting  legally  called.  The  school  houses  X)f  Iowa  are 
the  pride  of  the  State  and  an  honor  to  the  people.  If  they  have  been  some- 
times built  at  a  prodigal  expense,  the  tax  payers  have  no  one  to  blame  but 
themselves.  The  teachers'  and  contingent  funds  are  determined  by  the  Board  of 
Directors  under  certain  legal  restrictions.  These  boards  are  elected  annually, 
except  in  the  independent  districts,  in  which  the  board  may  be  entirely  changed 
every  three  years.     The  only  exception  to  this  mode  of  levying  taxes  for  support 


222  HISTORY  OP  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

of  schools  is  the  county  school  tax,  which  is  determined  by  the  County  Board 
of  Supervisors.  The  tax  is  from  one  to  three  mills  on  the  dollar ;  usually, 
however,  but  one.  Mr.  Abernethy,  who  was  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruc- 
tion from  1872  to  1877,  said  in  one  of  his  reports : 

There  is  but  little  opposition  to  the  levy  of  taxes  for  the  support  of  schools  and  there 
would  be  still  less  if  the  funds  were  always  properly  guarded  and  j  udiciously  expended.  How- 
ever much  our  people  disagree  upon  other  subjects,  they  are  practically  united  upon  this. 
The  opposition  of  wealth  has  long  since  ceased  to  exist,  and  our  wealthy  men  are  usually  the 
most  liberal  in  their  views  and  the  most  active  friends  of  popular  education.  They  are  often 
found  upon  our  school  boards,  and  usually  make  the  best  of  school  officers.  It  is  not  uncommon 
for  Boards  of  Directors,  especially  in  the  larger  towns  and  cities,  to  be  composed  wholly  of  men 
who  represent  the  enterprise,  wealth  and  business  of  their  cities. 

At  the  close  of  1877,  there  were  1,086  township  districts,  3,138  indepen- 
dent districts  and  7,015  sub-districts.  There  were  9,948  ungraded  and  476 
graded  schools,  with  an  average  annual  session  of  seven  months  and  five  days. 
There  were  7,348  male  teachers  employed,  whose  average  compensation  was 
$34.88  per  month,  and  12,518  female  teachers,  with  an  average  compensation 
of  128.69  per  month. 

The  number  of  persons  between  the  ages  5  and  21  years,  in  1877,  was 
567,859;  number  enrolled  in  public  schools,  421,168;  total  average  attendance, 
251,372;  average  cost  of  tuition  per  month,  fl.62.  There  are  9,279  frame, 
671  brick,  257  stone  and  89  log  school  houses,  making  a  grand  total  of  10,296, 
valued  at  $9,044,973.  The  public  school  libraries  number  17,329  volumes. 
Ninety-nine  teachers'  institutes  were  held  during  1877.  Teachers'  salaries 
amounted  to  $2,953,645.  There  was  expended  for  school  houses,  grounds, 
libraries  and  apparatus,  $1,106,788,  and  for  fuel  and  other  contingencies, 
$1,136,995,  making  the  grand  total  of  $5,197,428  expended  by  the  generous 
people  of  Iowa  for  the  support  of  their  magnificent  public  schools  in  a  sinule 
year.  The  amount  of  the  permanent  school  fund,  at  the  close  of  1877,  was 
$3,462,000.     Annual  interest,  $276,960. 

In  1857,  there  were  3,265  independent  districts,  2,708  ungraded  schools, 
and  1,572  male  and  1,424  female  teachers.  Teachers'  salaries  amounted  to 
$198,142,  and  the  total  expenditures  for  schools  was  only  $364,515.  Six  hun- 
dred and  twenty-three  volumes  were  the  extent  of  the  public  school  libraries 
twenty  years  ago,  and  there  were  only  1,686  school  houses,  valued  at  $571,064. 

In  twenty  years,  teachers'  salaries  have  increased  from  $198,142,  in  1857, 
to  $2,953,645  in  1877.  Total  school  expenditures,  from  $364,515  to 
$5,197,428. 

The  significance  of  such  facts  as  these  is  unmistakable.  Such  lavish  expen- 
ditures can  only  be  accounted  for  by  the  liberality  and  public  spirit  of  the 
people,  all  of  whom  manifest  their  love  of  popular  education  and  their  faith  in 
the  public  schools  by  the  annual  dedication  to  their  support  of  more  than  one 
per  cent,  of  their  entire  taxable  property ;  this,  too,  uninterruptedly  through  a 
series  of  years,  commencing  in  the  midst  of  a  war  which  taxed  their  energies  and 
resources  to  the  extreme,  and  continuing  through  years  of  general  depression  in 
business — years  of  moderate  yield  of  produce,  of  discouragingly  low  prices,  and 
even  amid  the  scanty  surroundings  and  privations  of  pioneer  life.  Few  human 
enterprises  have  a  grander  significance  or  give  evidence  of  a  more  noble  purpose 
than  the  generous  contributions  from  the  scanty  resources  of  the  pioneer  for  the. 
purposes  of  public  education. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  223 

POLITICAL  RECORD. 

TERRITORIAL   OFFICERS. 

Grovernors — Robert  Lucas,  1838-41;  John  Chambers,  1841-45;  James 
Clarke,  1845. 

Secretaries — William  B.  Conway,  1838,  died  1839  ;  James  Clarke,  1839  ■ 
0.  H.  W.  Stull,  1841 ;  Samuel  J.  Burr,  1843 ;  Jesse  Williams,  1845. 

Auditors— Jesse  Williams,  1840;  Wm.  L.  Gilbert,  1843-  Robert  M. 
Secrest,  1845. 

Treasurers — Thornton  Bayliss,  1839  ;  Morgan  Reno,  1840. 

Judges — Charles  Mason,  Chief  Justice,  1838;  Joseph  Williams,  1838; 
Thomas  S.  Wilson,  1838. 

Presidents  of  Council — Jesse  B.  Browne,  1838-9 ;  Stephen  Hempstead, 
1839-40 ;  M.  Bainridge,  1840-1 ;  Jonathan  W.  Parker,  1841-2 ;  John  D. 
Elbert,  1842-3 ;  Thomas  Cox,  1843-4  ;  S.  Clinton  Hastings,  1845  ;  Stephen 
Hempstead,  1845-6. 

Speakers  of  the  Rouse — William  H.  Wallace,  1838-9 ;  Edward  Johnston, 
1839^0 ;  Thomas  Cox,  1840-1 ;  Warner  Lewis,  1841-2 ;  James  M.  Morgan, 
1842-3 ;  James  P.  Carleton,  1843-4 ;  James  M.  Morgan,  1845 ;  George  W. 
McCleary,  1845-6. 

Mrst  Constitutional  Convention,  1844 — Shepherd  Leffler,  President ;  Geo. 
S.  Hampton,  Secretary. 

Second  Constitutional  Convention,  184-6 — Enos  Lowe,  President;  William 
Thompson,  Secretary. 

OFFICERS   OF   THE   STATE  GOVERNMENT. 

Crovernors — Ansel  Briggs,  1846  to  1850 ;  Stephen  Hempstead,  1850  to 
1854;  James  W.  Grimes,  1854  to  1858;  Ralph  P.  Lowe,  1858  to  1860;  Sam- 
uel J.  Kirkwood,  1860  to  1864 ;  William  M.  Stone,  1864  to  1868 ;  Samuel 
Morrill,  1868  to  1872  ;  Cyrus  C.  Carpenter,  1872  to  1876  ;  Samuel  J.  Kirk- 
wood, 1876  to  1877;  Joshua,  G.  Newbold,  Acting,  1877 -to  1878;  John  H. 
Gear,  1878  to . 

Lieutenant  Governor — OflSce  created  by  the  new  Constitution  September  3, 
1857— Oran  Faville,  1858-9;  Nicholas  J.  Rusch,  1860-1;  John  R.Needham, 
1862-3;  Enoch  W.  Eastman,  1864-5;  Benjamin  F.  Gue,  1866-7;  John 
Scott,  1868-9;  M.  M.  Walden,  1870-1;  H.  C.  Bulls,  1872-3;  Joseph  Dy- 
sart,  l«74-5  ;  Joshua  G.  Newbold,  1876-7  ;  Frank  T.  Campbell,  1878-9. 

Secretaries  of  State— EMshdi,  Cutler,  Jr.,  Dec.  5,  1846,  to  Dec.  4,  1848 ; 
Josiah  H.  Bonney,  Dec.  4, 1848,  to  Dec.  2, 1850;  George  W.  McCleary,  Dec. 
2,  1850,  to  Dec.  1,  1856 ;  Elijah  Sells,  Dec.  1,  1856,  to  Jan.  5,  1863 ;  James 
Wright,  Jan.  5,  1863,  to  Jan.  7,  1867 ;  Ed.  Wright,  Jan.  7,  1867,  to  Jan.  6, 
1873;  Josiah  T.  Young,  Jan.  6,  1873,  to . 

Auditors  of  State— 3ose^\i  T.  Fales,  Dec.  6, 1846,  to  Dec.  2, 1850 ;  Will- 
iam Pattee,  Dec.  2,  1850,  to  Dec.  4,  1854 ;  Andrew  J.  Stevens,  Dec.  4,  1854, 
resigned  in  1855 ;  John  Pattee,  Sept.  22,  1855,  to  Jan.  3,  1859 ;  Jonathan 
W.  Cattell,  1859  to  1865 ;  John  A.  Elliot,  1865  to  1871 ;  John  Russell,  1871 
to  1875 ;  Buren  R.  Sherman,  1875  to . 

Treasurers  of  State — Morgan  Reno,  Dec.  18,  1846,  to  Dec.  2,  1850 ; 
Israel  Kister,  Dec.  2,  1860,  to  Dec.  4,  1852  ;  Martin  L.  Morris,  Dec.  4,  1852, 
to  Jan.  2,  1859 ;  John  W.  Jones,  1859  to  1863  ;  William  H.  Holmes,  1863  to 


224  HISTORY  OP  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

1867  ;    Samuel  E.  Rankin,  1867  to   1873 ;  William  Christy,  1873  to  1877 ; 
George  W.  Bemis,  1877  to . 

Superintendents  of  Public  Instruction— OBce  created  in  1847— James  Harlan, 
June  5,  1845  (Supreme  Court  decided  election  void) ;  Thomas  H.  Benton,  Jr., 
May  23,  1844,  to  June  7,  1854 ;  James  D.  Eads,  1854-7  ;  Joseph  C.  Stone, 
March  to  June,  1857  ;  Maturin  L.  Fisher,  1857  to  Dec,  1858,  when  the  officei 
was  abolished  and  the  duties  of  the  office  devolved  upon  the  Secretary  of  the 
Board  of  Education. 

Secretaries  of  Board  of  Uduoation — Thomas  H.  Benton,  Jr.,  1859-1863;' 
Oran  Faville,  Jan.  1,  1864.     Board  abolished  March  23,  1864. 

Superintendents  of  Public  Instruction — Office  re-created  March  23, 1864— 
Oran  Faville,  March  28,  1864,  resigned  March  1,  1867 ;  D.  Franklin  Wells, 
March  4, 1867,  to  Jan.,  1870 ;  A.  S.  Kissell,  1870  to  1872 ;  Alonzo  Abernethy,- 
1872  to  1877  ;  Carl  W.  Von  Coelln,  1877  to . 

State  Binders — Office  created  February  21, 1855 — William  M.  Coles,  May 
1,  1855,  to  May  1,  1859 ;  Frank  M.  Mills,  1859  to  1867 ;  James  S.  Carter, 
1867  to  1870;  J.  J.  Smart,  1870  to  1874;  H.  A.  Perkins,  1874  to  1875; 
James  J.  Smart,  1875  to  1876 ;  H.  A.  Perkins,  1876  to . 

Registers  of  the  State  Land  Office — Anson  Hart,  May  5,  1855,  to  May 
13,  1857 ;  Theodore  S.  Parvin,   May  13,  1857,  to  Jan.  3,  1859 ;  Amos  B. 
Miller,  Jan.   3,  1859,  to  October,  1862;    Edwin  Mitchell,  Oct.  31,  1862,  to; 
Jan  5,  1863 ;    Josiah  A.  Harvey,  Jan.  5,  1863,  to  Jan.  7,  1867  ;  Cyrus  C' 
Carpenter,  Jan.  7,  1867,  to  January,  1871 ;  Aaron  Brown,  January,  1871,  tO; 
to  January,  1875;  David  Secor,  January,  1875,  to . 

State  Printers — Office  created  Jan.  3,  1840  —  Garrett  D.  Palmer  and 
George  Paul,  1849;  William  H.  Merritt,  1851  to  1853 ;  'William  A.  Hornish, 
1853  (resigned  May  16,  1853);  Mahoney  &  Dorr,  1853  to  1855;  Peter 
Moriarty,  1855  to  1857 ;  John  Teesdale,  1857  to  1861 ;  Francis  W.  Palmer, 
1861  to  1869;  Frank  M.  Mills,  1869  to  1870;  G.  W.  Edwards,  1870  to 
1872 ;  R.  P.  Clarkson,  1872  to . 

Adjutants  G-eneral — Daniel  S.  Lee,  1851-5 ;  Geo.  W.  McCleary,  1855-7 ; 
Elijah  Sells,  1857;  Jesse  Bowen,  1857-61;  Nathaniel  Baker,  1861  to  1877; 
John  H.  Looby,  1877  to . 

Attorneys  Greneral — David  C.  Cloud,  1853-56  ;  Samuel  A.  Rice,  1856-60> 
Charles  C.  Nourse,  1861-4;  Isaac  L.  Allen,  1865  (resigned  January,  1866); 
Frederick  E.  Bissell,  1866  (died  June  12,  1867);  Henry  O'Connor,  1867-72; 
MarsenaE.  Cutts,  1872-6;  John  F.  McJunkin,  1877. 

Presidents  of   the   Senate — Thomas   Baker,   1846-7 ;    Thomas   Hughes, 
1848 ;  John  J.  Selman,  1848-9 ;    Enos  Lowe,  1850-1 ;  William  B.  Leffing- 
well,  1852-3;   Maturin  L.  Fisher,  1854-5;  William  W.  Hamilton,  1856-7,> 
Under   the  new  Constitution,  the  Lieutenant  Governor  is  President  of  the 
Senate. 

Speakers  of  the  House — Jesse  B.  Brown,  1847-8 ;  Smiley  H.  Bonhan, 
1849-50 ;  George  Temple,  1851-2 ;  James  Grant,  1853-4 ;  Reuben  Noble, 
1855-6 ;  Samuel  McFarland,  1856-7 ;  Stephen  B.  Sheledy,  1858-9 ;  John 
Edwards,  1860-1 ;  Rush  Clark,  1862-3 ;  Jacob  Butler,  1864-5  ;  Ed.  Wright, 
1866-7 ;  John  Russ6ll,  1868-9 ;  Aylett  R.  Cotton,  1870-1 ;  James  Wilson, 
1872-8;  John  H.  Gear,  1874-7 ;  John  Y.  Stone,  1878.  '' 

New  Constitutional  Convention,  1859 — Francis  Springer,  President ;  Thofl. 
J.  Saunders,  Secretary. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OP  IOWA.  225 

STATE   OFFICERS,    1878. 

John  H.  Gear,  Governor ;  Frank  T.  Campbell,  Lieutenant  Governor ;  Josiah 
T.  Young,  Secretary  of  State ;  Buren  R.  Sherman,  Auditor  of  State ;  George 
W.  Bemis,  Treasurer  of  State;  David  Secor,  Register  of  State  Land  Office; 
John  H.  Looby,  Adjutant  General;  John  F.  McJunken,  Attorney  General; 
Mrs.  Ada  North,  State  Librarian ;  Edward  J.  Holmes,  Clerk  Supreme  Court ; 
John  S.  Runnells,  Reporter  Supreme  Court;  Carl  W.  Von  Coelln,  Superintend- 
ent Public  Instruction;  Richard  P.  Clarkson,  State  Printer;  Henry  A.  Perkins, 
State  Binder;  Prof.  Nathan  R.  Leonard,  Superintendent  of  Weights  and 
Measures;  William  H.  Fleming,  Governor's  Private  Secretary;  Fletcher  W. 
Young,  Deputy  Secretary  of  State;  John  C.  Parish,  Deputy  Auditor  of  State; 
Erastus  G.  Morgan,  Deputy  Treasurer  of  State;  John  M.  Davis,  Deputy  Reg- 
ister Land  Office;  Ira  C.  Kling,  Deputy  Superintendent  Public  Instruction. 

THE   JUDICIARY. 

SUPREME   CODET    OF   IOWA. 

Ohief  Justices. — Charles  Mason,  resigned  in  June,  1847 ;  Joseph  Williams, 
Jan.,  1847,  to  Jan.,  1848 ;  S.  Clinton  Hastings,  Jan.,  1848,  to  Jan.,  1849 ;  Joseph 
Williams,  Jan.,  1849,  to  Jan.  11, 1855;  Geo.  G.  Wright,  Jan.  11, 1855,  to  Jan., 
1860 ;  Ralph  P.  Lowe,  Jan.,  1860,  to  Jan.  1, 1862 ;  Caleb  Baldwin,  Jan.,  1862,  to 
Jan.,  1864 ;  Geo.  G.  Wright,  Jan.,  1864,  to  Jan.,  1866 ;  RalphP.  Lowe,  Jan.,1866, 
to  Jan.,  1868 ;  John  F.  Dillon,  Jan.,  1868,  to  Jan.,  1870 ;  Chester  C.  Cole,  Jan. 
1, 1870,  to  Jan.  1, 1871;  James  G.  Day,  Jan.  1, 1871,  to  Jan.  1,  1872;  Joseph 
M.  Beck,  Jan.  1, 1872,  to  Jan.  1, 1874;  W.  B.  Miller,  Jan.  1, 1874,  to  Jan.  1, 
1876;  Chester  C.  Cole,  Jan.  1,  1876,  to  Jan.  1,  1877;  James  G.  Day,  Jan.  1, 
1877,  to  Jan.  1,  1878;  James  H.  Rothrock,  Jan.  1,  1878. 

Associate  Judges. — Joseph  Williams;  Thomas  S.  Wilson,  resigned  Oct., 
1847;  John  F.  Kinney,  June  12,  1847,  resigned  Feb.  15,  1854;  George 
Greene,  Nov.  1,  1847,  to  Jan.  9,  1855;  Jonathan  C.  Hall,  Feb.  15,  1854,  to 
succeed  Kinney,  resigned,  to  Jan.,  1855;  William  G.  Woodward,  Jan.  9,  1855; 
Norman  W.  Isbell,  Jan.  16,  1855,  resigned  1856;  Lacen  D.  Stockton,  June  3, 
1856,  to  succeed  Isbell,  resigned,  died  June  9,  1860 ;  Caleb  Baldwin,  Jan.  11, 
1860,  to  1864;  Ralph  P.  Lowe,  Jan.  12,  1860;  George  G.  Wright,  June  26, 
1860,  to  succeed  Stockton,  deceased;  elected  U.  S.  Senator,  1870;  John  F.  Dil- 
lon, Jan.  1,  1864,  to  succeed  Baldwin,  resigned,  1870;  Chester  C.  Cole,  March 
1,  1864,  to  1877;  Joseph  M.  Beck,  Jan.  1,  1868;  W.  B.  Miller,  October  11, 
1864,  to  succeed  Dillon,  resigned;  James  G.  Day,  Jan.  1,  1871,  to  succeed 
Wright. 

STJPKBME  COURT,    1878. 

James  H.  Rothrock,  Cedar  County,  Chief  Justice;  Joseph  M.  Beck,  Lee 
County,  Associate  Justice;  Austin  Adams,  Dubuque  County,  Associate  Justice; 
William  H.  Seevers,  Oskaloosa  County,  Associate  Justice;  James  G.  Day,  Fre- 
toont  County,  Associate  Justice. 

CONGRESSIONAL    REPRESENTATION. 
UNITED  STATES    SENATORS. 

(The  first  General  Assembly  failed  to  elect  Senators.) 

George  W.  Jones,  Dubuque,  Dec.  7, 1848-1858  ;  Augustus  C.  Dodge,  Bur- 
lington, Dec.  7,  1848-1855 ;  James  Harlan,  Mt.  Pleasant,  Jan.  6, 1855-1865 ; 
James  W.  Grimes,  Burlington,  Jan.  26, 1858-died  1870 ;  Samuel  J.  Kirkwood, 
Iowa  City,  elected  Jan.  13, 1866,  to  fill  vacancy  caused  by  resignation  of  James 


226  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OP  IOWA. 

Harlan  ;  James  Harlan,  Mt.  Pleasant,  March  4, 1866-1872  ;  James  B.  Howell, 
Keokuk,  elected  Jan.  20,  1870,  to  fill  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  J.  W. 
Grimes— term  expired  March  3d ;  George  G.  Wright,  Des  Moines,  March  4, 
1871-1877;  William  B.  Allison,  Dubuque,  March  4,  1872;  Samuel  J.  Kirk- 
wood,  March  4,  1877. 

MEMBERS    OF    HOUSE    OF   KEPREBENTATIVES. 

Twenty-ninth  Congress — 1846  to  1847. — S.  Clinton  Hastings;  Shepherd 
Leffler. 

Thirtieth  Congress — 18^7  to  184.9. — First  District,  William  Thompson; 
Second  District,  Shepherd  Leffler. 

Thirty-first  Congress — 1849  to  1851. — First  District,  First  Session,  Wm. 
Thompson ;  unseated  by  the  House  of  Representatives  on  a  contest,  and  election 
remanded  to  the  people.  First  District,  Second  Session,  Daniel  F.  Miller. 
Second  District,  Shepherd  Lefliler. 

Thirty-second  Congress — 1851  to  1853. — First  District,  Bernhart  Henn. 
Second  District,  Lincoln  Clark. 

Thirty-third  Congress — 1858  to  1855. — First  District,  Bernhart  Henn. 
Second  District,  John  P.  Cook. 

Thirty-fourth  Congress — 1855  to  1857. — First  District,  Augustus  Hall. 
Second  District,  James  Thorington. 

Thirty-fifth  Congress — 1857  to  1859. — First  District,  Samuel  R.  Curtis. 
Second  District,  Timothy  Davis. 

Thirty-sixth  Congress — 1859  to  1861. — First  District,  Samuel  R.  Curtis. 
Second  District,  William  Vandever. 

Thirty-seventh  Congress — 1861  to  1863. — First  District,  First  Session, 
Samuel  R.  Curtis.*  First  District,  Second  and  Third  Sessions,  James  F.  Wil- 
son.    Second  District,  William  Vandever. 

Thirty-eighth  Congress — 1863  to  1865. — First  District,  James  F.  Wilson. 
Second  District,  Hiram  Price.  Third  District,  William  B.  Allison.  Fourth 
District,  Josiah  B.  Grinnell.  Fifth  District,  John  A.  Kasson.  Sixth  District, 
Asahel  W.  Hubbard. 

Thirty-ninth  Congress — 1865  to  1867 .-r-^mt  District,  James  F.  Wilson ; 
Second  District,  Hiram  Price ;  Third  District,  William  B.  Allison ;  Fourth 
District,  Josiah  B.  Grinnell ;  Fifth  District,  John  A.  Kasson  ;  Sixth  District, 
Asahel  W.  Hubbard. 

Fortieth  Congress — 1867  to  1869. — First  District,  James  F.  Wiison ;  Sec- 
ond District,  Hiram  Price ;  Third  District,  William  B.  Allison,  Fourth  District, 
William  Loughridge;  Fifth  District,  Grenville  M.  Dodge;  Sixth  District, 
Asahel  W.  Hubbard. 

Forty-first  Congress — 1869  to  1871. — First  District,  George  W.  McCrary; 
Second  District,  William  Smyth ;  Third  District,  William  B.  Allison ;  Fourth 
District,  William  Loughridge ;  Fifth  District,  Frank  W.  Palmer ;  Sixth  Dis- 
trict, Charles  Pomeroy. 

Forty-second  Congress — 1871  to  1873. — First  District,  George  W.  Mc- 
Crary ;  Second  District,  Aylett  R.  Cotton ;  Third  District,  W.  G.  Donnan ; 
Fourth  District,  Madison  M.  Waldon ;  Fifth  District,  Frank  W.  Palmer ;  Sixth 
District,  Jackson  Orr. 

Forty-third  Congress— 1873  to  1875.—Y\rai  District,  George  W.  McCrary; 
Second  District,  Aylett  R.  Cotton ;  Third  District,  William  Y.  Donnan ;  Fourth 
District,    Henry   0.   Pratt ;    Fifth   District,  James   Wilson ;    Sixth  District, 

*  Vacated  Beat  by  acceptance  of  commissioD  as  Brigadier  General,  and  J.  P.  Wilson  chosen  his  succesaor. 


^Lf^  .Jt^o^/^^/a^ 


GREELEY 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  229 

■William   Loughridge;    Seventh   District,  John   A,  Kasson;  Eighth  District, 
James  W.  McDill ;  Ninth  District,  Jackson  Orr.  / 

FoHy-fouHK  Congress — 1875  to  1877. — First  District,  George  W.  Mc- 
Crary ;  Second  District,  John  Q.  Tufts  ;  Third  District,  L.  L.  Ainsworth ; 
Fourth  District,  Henry  0.  Pratt ;  Fifth  District,  James  Wilson ;  Sixth  District, 
Ezekiel  S.  Sampson;  Seventh  District,  John  A.  Kasson;  Eighth  District 
James  W.  JVTcDill ;  Fifth  District,  Addison  Oliver.  ' 

Forty-fifth  Congress— 1877  to  1879.— Yirst  District,  J.  C.  Stone;  Second 
District,  Hiram  Price  ;  Third  District,  T.  W.  Burdick ;  Fourth  District,  H.  C. 
Deering;  Fifth  District,  Rush  Clark;  Sixth  District,  E.  S.  Sampson; 
Seventh  District,  H.  J.  B.  Cummings ;  Eighth  District,  W.  F.  Sapp ;  Ninth 
District,  Addison  Oliver. 

WAR  RECORD. 

The  State  of  Iowa  may  well  be  proud  of  her  record  during  the  War  of  the 
Rebellion,  from  1861  to  1865.  The  following  brief  but  comprehensive  sketch  of 
the  history  she  made  during  that  trying  period  is  largely  from  the  pen  of  Col.  A. 
P.  Wood,  of  Dubuque,  the  author  of  "The  History  of  Iowa  and  the  War,"  one 
of  the  best  works  of  the  kind  yet  written. 

"Whether  in  the  promptitude  of  her  responses  to  the  calls  made  on  her  by 
the  General  Government,  in  the  courage  and  constancy  of  her  soldiery  in  the 
field,  or  in  the  wisdom  and  efficiency  with  which  her  civil  administration  was 
conducted  during  the  trying  period  covered  by  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  Iowa 
proved  herself  the  peer  of  any  loyal  State.  The  proclamation  of  her  Governor, 
responsive  to  that  of  the  President,  calling  for  volunteers  to  compose  her  First 
Regiment,  was  issued  on  the  fourth  day  after  the  fall  of  Sumter.  At  the  end 
of  only  a  single  week,  men  enough  were  reported  to  be  in  quarters  (mostly  in 
the  vicinity  of  their  own  homes)  to  fill  the  regiment.  These,  however,  were 
hardly  more  than  a  tithe  of  the  number  who  had  been  oifered  by  company  com- 
manders for  acceptance  under  the  President's  call.  So  urgent  were  these  ofiers 
that  the  Governor  requested  (on  the  24th  of  April)  permission  to  organize  an 
additional  regiment.  While  awaiting  an  answer  to  this  request,  he  conditionally 
accepted  a  sufficient  number  of  companies  to  compose  two  additional  regiments. 
In  a  short  time,  he  was  notified  that  both  of  these  would  be  accepted.  Soon 
after  the  completion  of  the  Second  and  Third  Regiments  (which  was  near  the 
close  of  May),  the  Adjutant  General  of  the  State  reported  that  upward  of  one 
hundred  and  seventy  companies  had  been  tendered  to  the  Governor  to  serve 
against  the  enemies  of  the  Union. 

"  Much  difficulty  and  considerable  delay  occured  in  fitting  these  regiments 
for  the  field.  For  the  First  Infantry  a  complete  outfit  (not  uniform)  of  clothing 
was  extemporized — principally  by  the  volunteered  labor  of  loyal  women  in  the 
different  towns — from  material  of  various  colors  and  qualities,  obtained  within 
the  limits  of  the  State.  The  same  was  done  in  part  for  the  Secohd  Infantry. 
Meantime,  an  extra  session  of  the  General  Assembly  had  been  called  by  the 
Governor,  to  convene  on  the  1.5th  of  May.  With  but  little  delay,  that  body 
authorized  a  loan  of  $800,000,  to  meet  the  extraordinary  expenses  incurred,  and 
to  be  incurred,  by  the  Executive  Department,  in  consequence  of  the  new  emer- 
gency. A  wealthy  merchant  of  the  State  (Ex-Governor  Merrill,  then  a  resident 
of  McGregor)  immediately  took  from  the  Governor  a  contract  to  supply  a  com- 
plete outfit  of  clothing  for  the  three  regiments  organized,  agreeing  to  receive, 
should  the  Governor  so  elect,  his  pay  therefor  in  State  bonds  at  par.     This  con- 


230  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OP  IOWA. 

tract  he  executed  to  the  letter,  and  a  portion  of  the  clothing  (-which  was  manu- 
factured in  Boston,  to  his  order)  was  delivered  at  Keokuk,  the  place  at  which 
the  troops  had  rendezvoused,  in  exactly  one  month  from  the  day  on  which  the 
contract  had  been  entered  into.  The  remainder  arrived  only  a  few  days  later. 
This  clothing  was  delivered  to  the  regiment,  but  was  subsequently  condemned 
by  the  Government,  for  the  reason  that  its  color  was  gray,  and  blue  had  been 
adopted  as  the  color  to  be  worn  by  the  national  troops." 

Other  States  also  clothed  their  troops,  sent  forward  under  the  first  call  of 
President  Lincoln,  with  gray  uniforms,  but  it  was  soon  found  that  the  con- 
federate forces  were  also  clothed  in  gray,  and  that  color  was  at  once  abandoned 
by  the  Union  troops.  If  both  armies  were  clothed  alike,  annoying  if  not  fatal 
mistakes  were  liable  to  be  made. 

But  while  engaged  in  these  efforts  to  discharge  her  whole  duty  in  common  with 
all  the  other  Union-loving  States  in  the  great  emergency,  Iowa  was  compelled 
to  make  immediate  and  ample  provision  for  the  protection  of  her  own  borders, 
from  threatened  invasion  on  the  south  by  the  Secessionists  of  Missouri,  and 
from  danger  of  incursions  from  the  west  and  northwest  by  bands  of  hostile 
Indians,  who  were  freed  from  the  usual  restraint  imposed  upon  them  by  the 
presence  of  regular  troops  stationed  at  the  frontier  posts.  These  troops  were 
withdrawn  to  meet  the  greater  and  more  pressing  danger  threatening  the  life  of 
the  nation  at  its  very  heart. 

To  provide  for  the  adequate  defense  of  her  borders  from  the  ravages  of  both 
rebels  in  arms  against  the  Government  and  of  the  more  irresistible  foes  from 
the  Western  plains,  the  Governor  of  the  State  was  authorized  to  raise  and  equip 
two  regiments  of  infantry,  a  squadron  of  cavalry  (not  less  than  five  companies) 
and  a  battalion  of  artillery  (not  less  than  three  companies.)  Only  cavalry  were 
enlisted  for  home  defense,  however,  "but,"  says  Col.  Wood,  "in  times  of  special 
danger,  or  when  calls  were  made  by  the  Unionists  of  Northern  Missouri  for 
assistance  against  th^ir  disloyal  enemies,  large  numbers  of  militia  on  foot  often 
turned  out,  and  remained  in  the  field  until  the  necessity  for  their  services  had 
passed. 

"  The  first  order  for  the  Iowa  volunteers  to  move  to  the  field  was  received 
on  the  13th  of  June.  It  was  issued  by  Gen.  Lyon,  then  commanding  the 
United  States  forces  in  Missouri.  The  First  and  Second  Infantry  immediately 
embarked  in  steamboats,  and  moved  to  Hannibal.  Some  two  weeks  later,  the 
Third  Infantry  was  ordered  to  the  same  point.  These  three,  together  with 
many  other  of  the  earlier  organized  Iowa  regiments,  rendered  their  first  field 
service  in  Missouri.  The  First  Infantry  formed  a  part  of  the  little  army  with 
which  Gen.  Lyon  moved  on  Springfield,  and  fought  the  bloody  battle  of  Wilson's 
Creek.  It  received  unqualified  praise  for  its  gallant  bearing  on  the  field.  In 
the  following  month  (September),  the  Third  Iowa,  with  but  very  slight  support, 
fought  with  honor  the  sanguinary  engagement  of  Blue  Mills  Landing ;  and  in 
November,  the  Seventh  Iowa,  as  a  part  of  a  force  commanded  by  Gen.  Grant, . 
greatly  distinguished  itself  in  the  battle  of  Belmont,  where  it  poured  out  its 
blood  like  water — losing  more  than  half  of  the  men  it  took  into  action. 

"  The  initial  operations  in  which  the  battles  referred  to  took  place  were  fol- 
lowed by  the  more  important  movements  led  by  Gen.  Grant,  Gen.  Curtis,  of 
this  State,  and  other  commanders,  which  resulted  in  defeating  the  armies 
defending  the  chief  strategic  lines  held  by  the  Confederates  in  Kentucky,  Tenn- 
nessee,  Missouri  and  Arkansas,  and  compelling  their  withdrawal  from  much  of 
the  territory  previously  controlled  by  them  in  those  States.  In  these  and  other 
movements,  down  to  the  grand  culminating  campaign  by  which  Vicksburg  was 


HISTORY  Of  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  231 

captured  and  the  Confederacy  permanently  severed  on  the  line  of  the  Mississippi 
River,  Iowa  troops  took  part  in  steadily  increasing  numbers.  In  the  investment 
and  siege  of  Vicksburg,  the  State  was  represented  by  thirty  regiments  and  two 
batteries,  in  addition  to  which,  eight  regiments  and  one  battery  were  employed 
oh  the  outposts  of  the  besieging  army.  The  brilliancy  of  their  exploits  on  the 
many  fields  where  they  served  won  for  them  the  highest  meed  of  praise,  both 
in  military  and  civil  circles.  Multiplied  were  the  terms  in  which  expression 
was  given  to  this  sentiment,  but  these  words  of  one  of  the  journals  of  a  neigh- 
boring State,  'The  Iowa  troops  have  been  heroes  among  heroes,'  embody  the 
spirit  of  all. 

"  In  the  veteran  re-enlistments  that  distinguished  the  closing  months  of  1863 
ahove  all  other  periods  in  the  history  of  re-enlistments  for  the  national  armies, 
the  Iowa  three  years'  men  (who  were  relatively  more  numerous  than  those  of  any 
other  State)  were  prompt  to  set  the  example  of  volunteering  for  another  term  of 
equal  length,  thereby  adding  many  thousands  to  the  great  army  of  those  who 
gave  this  renewed  and  practical  assurance  that  the  cause  of  the  Union  should 
not  be  left  without  defenders. 

"  In  all  the  important  movements  of  1864-65,  by  which  the  Confederacy 
was  penetrated  in  every  quarter,  and  its  military  power  finally  overthrown,  the 
Iowa_ troops  took  part.  Their  drum-beat  was  heard  on  the  banks  of  every  great 
river  of  the  South,  from  the  Potomac  to  the  Rio  Grande,  and  everywhere  they 
rendered  the  same  faithful  and  devoted  service,  maintaining  on  all  occasions  their 
wonted  reputation  for  valor  in  the  field  and  endurance  on  the  march. 

"  Two  Iowa  three-year  cavalry  regiments  were  employed  during  their  whole 
term  of  service  in  the  operations  that  were  in  progress  from  1863  to  1866 
against  the  hostile  Indians  of  the  western  plains.  A  portion  of  these  men  were 
among  the  last  of  the  volunteer  troops  to  be  mustered  out  of  service.  The  State 
also  supplied  a  considerable  number  of  men  to  the  navy,  who  took  part  in  most 
of  the  naval  operations  prosecuted  against  the  Confederate  power  on  the  Atlantic 
and  Gulf  coasts,  and  the  rivers  of  the  West. 

"  The  people  of  Iowa  were  early  and  constant  workers  in  the  sanitary  field, 
and  by  their  liberal  gifts  and  personal  efforts'  for  the  benefit  of  the  soldiery, 
placed  their  State  in  the  front  rank  of  those  who  became  distinguished  for  their 
exhibitions  of  patriotic  benevolence  during  the  period  covered  by  the  war. 
Agents  appointed  by  the  Governor  were  stationed  at  points  convenient  for  ren- 
dering assistance  to  the  sick  and  needy  soldiers  of  the  State,  while  others  were 
employed  in  visiting,  from  time  to  time,  hospitals,  camps  and  armies  in  the  field, 
and  doing  whatever  the  circumstances  rendered  possible  for  the  health  and 
comfort  of  such  of  the  Iowa  soldiery  as  might  be  found  there. 

"  Some  of  the  benevolent  people  of  the  State  early  conceived  the  idea  of 
establishing  a  Home  for  such  of  the  children  of  deceased  soldiers  as  might  be 
left  in  destitute  circumstances.  This  idea  first  took  form  in  1863,  and  in  the 
following  year  a  Home  was  opened  at  Farmington,  Van  Buren  County,  in  a 
building  leased  for  that  purpose,  and  which  soon  became  filled  to  its  utmost 
capacity.  The  institution  received  liberal  donations  from  the  general  public, 
and  also  from  the  soldiers  in  the  field.  In  1865,  it  became  necessary  to  pro- 
vide increased  accommodations  for  the  large  number  of  children  who  were 
seeking  the  benefits  of  its  care.  This  was  done  by  establishing  a  branch 
at  Cedar  Falls,  in  Black  Hawk  County,  and  by  securing,  during  the  same 
year,  for  the  use  of  the  parent  Home,  Camp  Kinsman  near  the  City^  of 
Davenport.  This  property  was  soon  afterward  donated  to  the  institution,  by 
act  of  Congress. 


232  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

"  In  1866,  in  pursuance  of  a  law  enacted  for  that  purpose,  the  Soldiers' 
Orphans'  Home  (which  then  contained  about  four  hundred  and  fifty  inmates) 
became  a  State  institution,  and  thereafter  the  sums  necessary  for  its  support  were 
appropriated  from  the  State  treasury.  A  second  branch  was  established  at 
Glenwood,  Mills  County.  Convenient  tracts  were  secured,  and  valuable  improve- 
ments made  at  all  the  diiferent  points.  Schools  were  also  established,  and  em- 
ployments provided  for  such  of  the  children  as  were  of  suitable  age.  In  all 
ways  the  provision  made  for  these  wards  of  the  State  has  beeii  such  as  to  chal- 
lenge the  approval  of  every  benevolent  mind.  The  number  of  children  who 
have  been  inmates  of  the  Home  from  its  foundation  to  the  present  time  is 
considerably  more  than  two  thousand. 

"  At  the  beginning  of  the  war,  the  population  of  Iowa  included  about  one 
hundred  and  fifty  thousand  men  presumably  liable  to  render  military  service. 
The  State  raised,  for  general  service,  thirty-nine  regiments  of  infantry,  nine 
regiments  of  cavalry,  and  four  companies  of  artillery,  composed  of  three  years' 
men  ;  one  regiment  of  infantry,  composed  of  three  months'  men ;  and  four  regi- 
ments and  one  battalion  of  infantry,  composed  of  one  hundred  days'  men.  The 
original  enlistments  in  these  various  organizations,  including  seventeen  hundred 
and  twenty-seven  men  raised  by  draft,  numbered  a  little  more  than  sixty-nine 
thousand.  The  re-enlistments,  including  upward  of  seven  thousand  veterans, 
numbered  very  nearly  eight  thousand.  The  enlistments  in  the  regular  army 
and  navy,  and  organizations  of  other  States,  will,  if  added,  raise  the  total  to 
upward  of  eighty  thousand.  The  number  of  men  who,  under  special  enlistments, 
and  as  militia,  took  part  at  different  times  in  the  operations  on  the  exposed 
borders  of  the  State,  was  probably  as  many  as  five  thousand. 

"  Iowa  paid  no  bounty  on  account  of  the  men  she  placed  in  the  field.  In 
some  instances,  toward  the  close  of  the  war,  bounty  to  a  comparatively  small 
amount  was  paid  by  cities  and  towns.  On  only  one  occasion — that  of  the  call 
of  July  18,  1864 — was  a  draft  made  in  Iowa.  This  did  not  occur  on  account  of 
her  proper  liability,  as  established  by  previous  rulings  of  the  War  Department, 
to  supply  men  under  that  call,  but  grew  out  of  the  great  necessity  that  there 
existed  for  raising  men.  The  Government  insisted  on  temporarily  setting  aside, 
in  part,  the  former  rule  of  settlements,  and  enforcing  a  draft  in  all  cases  where 
subdistricts  in  any  of  the  States  should  be  found  deficient  in  their  supply  of 
men.  In  no  instance  was  Iowa,  as  a  whole,  found  to  be  indebted  to  the  General 
Government  for  men,  on  a  settlement  of  her  quota  accounts." 

It  is  to  be  said  to  the  honor  and  credit  of  Iowa  that  while  many  of  the  loyal 
States,  older  and  larger  in  population  and  wealth,  incurred  heavy  State  debts 
forthe  purpose  of  fulfilling  their  obligations  to  the  General  Government,  Iowa, 
while  she  was  foremost  in  duty,  while  she  promptly  discharged  all  her  obligations 
to  her  sister  States  and  the  Union,  found  herself  at  the  close  of  the  war  without 
any  material  addition  to  her  pecuniary  liabilities  incurred  before  the  war  com- 
menced. Upon  final  settlement  after  the  restoration  of  peace,  her  claims  upon 
the  Federal  Government  were  found  to  be  fully  equal  to  the  amount  of  hei-  bonds 
issued  and  sold  during  the  war  to  provide  the  means  for  raising  and  equipping 
her  troops  sent  into  the  field,  and  to  meet  the  inevitable  demands  upon  her 
treasury  in  consequence  of  the  war. 


HISTORY  OP  THE  STATE  Of  IOWA. 


233 


NUMBER  OF  TROOPS  FURNISHED  BY  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA 

DURING  THE  WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION, 

TO  JANUARY  1,  1865. 


No.  Begiment. 


1st  Iowa 

2d 

3d 

4th 

5th 

6th 

7th 

8th 

9th 
10th 
11th 
12th 
13th 
14th 
15th 
16th 
17th 
18th 
19th 
20th 
21st 
22d 
23d 
24th 
25th 
26th 
27th 
28th 
29th 
80th 
31st 
32d 
83d 
34th 
35th 
86th 
87th 
88th 


Infantry. 


No.   of 
men, 


959 

1,247 

1,074 

1,184 

1,037 

1,018 

1,138 

1,027 

1,090 

1,027 

1,022 

981 

989 

840 

1,196 

919 

956 

875 

986 

925 

980 

1,008 

961 

979 

995 

919 

940 

956 

1,005 

978 

977 

925 

985 

953 

984 

986 

914 

910 


No.   Keglment. 


39th  Iowa  Infantry 

40th     "  "         

41st  Battalion  Iowa  Infantry.... 

44th  Infantry  ( 100-day s  men).. 

45th 

46th        "  ■'  "     .. 

47th        "  "  •'     ., 

48th  Battalion       "  "     .. 

1st  Iowa  Cavalry 

2d      "  "      


8d      •■  "      

4th     "  "       

6th     "  "       

6th     "  "      

7th     "  "      

8th     «  "      

9lh     "  "      

Sioux  City  Cavalry* 

Co.  A,  11th  tenn.  Cavalry 

1st  Battery  Artillery 

2d        "  "        

3d        "  "        

4th       "  "         

1st  Iowa  African  Infantry,  60th  U.  Sf.. 

Dodge's  Brigade  Band 

Band  of  2d  Iowa  Infantry 

Enlistments  as  far  as  reported  to  Jan.  1, 

1864,  for  the  older  Iowa  regiments 

Enlistments  of  Iowa  men  in  regiments 
of  other  States,  over 


Total 

Re-enlisted  Veterans  for  different  Regi- 
ments  

Additional  enlistments 


Grand  total  as  far  as  reported  up  to  Jan. 
1,  1865 .- 


No.   of 
men. 


900 

294 

867 

912 

892 

884 

346 

1,478 

1,394 

1,360 

1,227 

1,245 

1,125 

662 

1,234 

1,178 

93. 

87 

149 

123 

142. 

152 

903 

14 

10. 

2,766 

2,500 


61,663 

7,202 
6,664 


75,619 


This  does  not  include  those  Iowa  men  who  veteranized  in  the  regiments  of  other  States,  nor 
the  names  of  men  who  enlisted  during  1864,  in  regiments  of  other  States. 
*  Afterward  consolidated  with  Seventh  Cavalry, 
f  Only  a  portion  of  this  regiment  was  credited  to  the  State. 


234 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OP  IOWA. 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 


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236 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 


237 


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238 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 


POPULATION  OF  IOWA, 
By  Counties. 


COUNTIES. 

AGGEEGATE. 

1875. 

1870. 

I860. 

ISSO. 

1840. 

Votera. 

7045 

7832 
19158 

2370 
17405 
28807 
22913 
17251 
13220 
17315 

3561 

,3982 

4614 

17868 

16456 

1212 

22454 

21706 

14584 

12528 

17034 

1585 

984 

1533 

12237 

11931 

454 

8496 

8244 

4232 

4915 

7906 

57 

1616 

Adams 

1727 
3653 

627 
3679 
4778 
4877 
3515 
2656 
3890 

817 

777 
3131 

Appanoose 

Audubon 

672 
135 
735 

Black  Hawk 

Boone 

Buclianan 

517 

Buena  Vista 

Buncombe* 

JButler 

11734 

3185 

5760 

10552 

17879 

6685 

4249 

11400 

10118 

3559 

27184 

34295 

6039 

14386 

15757 

13249 

16893 

35415 

1748 

43845 

1486 

20515 

13100 

6558 

13719 

7028 

8134 

9638 

7701 

1482 

15029 

11818 

21594 

7875 

3455 

794 

17456 

23061 

24128 

17127 

24654 

19168 

9951 

1602 

2451 

5464 

19731 

4722 

1967 

10180 

8735 

1523 

27771 

35357 

2530 

12019 

15565 

12018 

17432 

27256 

1389 

38969 

1392 

16973 

10768 

4738 

11178 

4627 

6399 

7061 

6056 

999 

13684 

8931 

21463 

6282 

2596 

226 

16644 

22619 

22116 

17839 

24898 

19731 

3724 

147 

281 

1612 

12949 

940 

58 

4336 

5427 

52 

20728 

18938 

383 

5244 

13764 

8677 

11024 

19611 

180 

31164 

105 

12073 

3744 

1809 

5074 

1374 

793 

3058 

1699 

179 

5440 

3621 

18701 

3168 

332 

43 

8029 

18493 

9883 

15038 

17573 

13306 

2598 
681 
1197 
2422 
3934 
1526 

"Calhoun 

Carroll 

Cass 

Cedar 

3941 

1253 

Cerro  Gordo 

Cherokee 

1001 
2392 
2213 

Chickasaw 

Clarke 

79 

Clay 

868 

Clavton 

3873 
2822 

1101 
821 

5272 

Clinton 

6569 

Crawford 

1244 

854 
7264 

965 

1759 

12988 

3170 

Davis 

3448 

2882 

Delaware 

168 
5577 

3662 

6654 

Dickinson 

394 

10841 

3059 

8759 

299 

825 

4637 

Floyd 

2884 

1374 

Fremont 

1244 

2998 

1622 

1525 

2339 

Hamilton 

1455 

303 

Hardin 

3215 

2658 

8707 

3772 

4641 

1712 

Humboldt 

696 

172 

Iowa 

822 
7210 
1280 
9904 
4472 
3007 

3576 

1411 

4901 
5239 

2773 

1491 

471 

8721 
5225 
4180 

*  In  1862,  name  changed  to  Iiyon. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

POPULATION   OF   IOWA— Concluded. 


239 


COUNTIES. 


Keokok 

Kossuth 

lee 

Linn 

Louisa 

Lucas 

Lyon* 

Madison 

Mahaska 

Marion 

Marshall 

Mills.... 

Mitchell 

Monona 

Monroe 

Montgomery... 

Muscatine 

O'Brien , 

Osceola 

Page 

Palo  Alto 

Plymouth 

Pocahontas 

Polk 

Pottawattomie. 

Poweshiek 

Ringgold 

Sao 

Scott 

Shelby 

Sioux 

Story 

Tama 

Taylor 

Union 

Van  Buren 

Wapello 

Warren 

Washington 


Webster.w 

Winnebago.... 
Winneshiek . 

Woodbury 

Worth 

Wright 


Total 1353118  1191792 


AGGREGATE. 


187.5. 


20488 

3765 

33918 

31815 

12499 

11725 

1139 

16030 

23718 

24094 

19629 

10555 

11523 

2267 

12811 

1U389 

21623 

2349 

1778 

14274 

2728 

5282 

2249 

31558 

21665 

16482 

7546 

2873 

39763 

5664 

3720 

13111 

18771 

10418 

8827 

17980 

18541 

19269 

23865 

13978 

13114 

24233 

2986 

8568 

4908 

3244 


1870. 


19434 

8351 

38210 

28852 

12877 

10388 

221 

13884 

22508 

24436 

17576 

8718 

9582 

3654 

12724 

5984 

21688 

715 


9975 

1336 

2199 

1446 

27857 

16893 

15581 

5691 

1411 

38599 

2540 

576 

11651 

16131 

6989 

6986 

17672 

22346 

17980 

18952 

11287 

10484 

1562 

23570 

6172 

2892 

2392 


1860. 


13271 
416 
29232 
18947 
10870 
5766 


7339 

14816 

16813 

6015 

4481 

8409 

882 

8612 

1256 

16444 


4419 

132 

148 

103 

11625 

4968 

5668 

2928 

246 

25959 

818 

10 

4051 

5285 

3590 

2012 

17081 

14518 

10281 

14285 

6409 

2504 

168 

13942 

1119 

756 

653 


1850. 


4822 


18861 

5444 

4939 

471 


1179 

5989 

5482 

338 


2884 


5731 
"551 


4513 

7828 

615 


5986 


204 


12270 
8471 

961 
4957 

340 


546 


1840. 


6093 
1378 
1927 


1942 


2140 


6146 


1594 


674913  192214   43112  284557 


Voters. 


4202 

773 
5709 
7274 
2899 
2464 

287 
2682 
5287 
4988 
4445 
2365 
2838 
1292 
2743 
2485 
6588 

595 

498 
3222 

556 
1136 

464 
6842 
4392 
3634 
1496 

657 
7109 
1084 

637 
2574 
3911 
2282 
1924 
3893 
3923 
4168 
5346 
2947 
3747 
4117 

406 
1776 

763 

694 


*  Ponnerly  Buncombe. 


240  THE   NORTHWESTERN   STATES. 


ILLINOIS. 

Length,  380  miles,  mean  width  about  156  miles.  Area,  55,410  square 
miles,  or  35,462,400  acres.  Illinois,  as  regards  its  surface,  constitutes  a 
table-land  at  a  varying  elevation  ranging  between  350  and  800  feet  above 
the  sea  level ;  composed  of  extensive  and  highly  fertile  prairies  and  plains. 
Much  of  the  south  division  of  the  State,  especially  the  river-bottoms,  are 
thickly  wooded.  The  prairies,  too,  have  oasis-like  clumps  of  trees 
scattered  here  and  there  at  intervals.  The  chief  rivers  irrigating  the 
State  are  the  Mississippi — dividing  it  from  Iowa  and  Missouri — the  Ohio 
(forming  its  south  barrier),  the  Illinois,  Wabash,  Kaskaskia,  and  San- 
gamon, with  their  numerous  affluents.  The  total  extent  of  navigable 
streams  is  calculated  at  4,000  miles.  Small  lakes  are  scattered  over  vari- 
ous parts  of  the  State.  Illinois  is  extremely  prolific  in  minerals,  chiefly 
coal,  iron,  copper,  and  'zinc  ores,  sulphur  and  limestone.  The  coal-field 
alone  is  estimated  to  absorb  a  full  third  of  the  entire  coal-deposit  of  North 
America.  Climate  tolerably  equable  and  healthy ;  the  mean  temperature 
standing  at  about  51°  Fahrenheit  As  an  agricultural  region,  Illinois  takes 
a  competitive  rank  with  neighboring  States,  the  cereals,  fruits,  and  loot- 
crops  yielding  plentiful  returns  ;  in  fact,  as  a  grain-growing  State,  Illinois 
may  be  deemed,  in  proportion  to  her  size,  to  possess  a  greater  area  of 
lands  suitable  for  its  production  than  any  other  State  in  the  Union.  Stock- 
raising  is  also  largely  carried  on,  while  her  manufacturing  interests  in 
regard  of  woolen  fabrics,  etc.,  are  on  a  very  extensive  and  yearly  expand- 
ing scale.  The  lines  of  railroad  in  the  State  are  among  the  most  exten- 
sive of  the  Union.  Inland  water-carriage  is  facilitated  by  a  canal 
connecting  the  Illinois  River  with  Lake  Michigan,  and  thence  with  the 
St.  Lawrence  and  Atlantic.  Illinois  is  divided  into  102  counties ;  the 
chief  towns  being  Chicago,  Springfield  (capital),  Alton,  Quincy,  Peoria, 
Galena,  Bloomington,  Rock  Island,  Vandalia,  etc.  By  the  new  Consti- 
tution, established  in  1870,  the  State  Legislature  consists  of  51  Senators, 
elected  for  four  years,  and  153  Representatives,  for  two  years;  which 
numbers  were  to  be  decennially  increased  thereafter  to  the  number  of 
six  per  every  additional  half-million  of  inhabitants.  Religious  and 
educational  institutions  are  largely  diffused  throughout,  and  are  in  a  very 
flourishing  condition.  Illinois  has  a  State  Lunatic  and  a  Deaf  and  Dumb 
Asylum  at  Jacksonville ;  a  State  Penitentiary  at  Joliet ;  and  a  Home  for 

(99) 


THE   NORTHWESTERN   STATES. 


241 


Soldiers'  Orphans  at  Normal.  On  NoTember  30,  1870,  the  public  debt  of 
the  State  was  returned  at  $4,870,937,  with  a  balance  of  11,808,833 
unprovideti  for.  At  the  same  period  the  value  of  assessed  and  equalized 
property  presented  the  following  totals :  assessed,  1840,031,703 ;  equal- 
ized $480,664,058.  The  name  of  Illinois,  through  nearly  thi,  whole  of 
the  eighteenth  century,  embraced  most  of  the  known  regions  north  and 
west  of  Ohio.  French  colonists  established  themselves  in  1673,  at 
Cahokia  and  Kaskaskia,  and  the  territory  of  which  these  settlements 
formed  the  nucleus  was,  in  1768,  ceded  to  Great  Britain  in  conjunction 
with  Canada,  and  ultimately  resigned  to  the  United  States  in  1787. 
Illinois  entered  the  Union  as  a  State,  December  3,  1818;  and  now  sends 
19  Eepresentatives  to  Congress.     Population,  2,539,891,  in  1870. 


242  THE   NORTHWESTERN   STATES. 


INDIANA, 


t 

The  profile    of  Indiana  forms  a  nearly  exact  parallelogram,  occupy- 
ing one  of  the  most  fertile  portions  of  the  great  Mississippi  Valley.     The 
greater  extent  of  the  surface  embraced  within  its  limits  consists  of  gentle 
undulations  rising  into  hilly  tracts  toward  the  Ohio  bottom.     The  chief 
rivers  of  the  State  are  the  Ohio  and  Wabash,  with    their    numerous 
affluents.     The  soil  is  highly  productive  of  the  cereals  and  grasses — most 
particularly  so  in  the    valleys  of  the  Ohio,   Wabash,  Whitewater,  and 
White  Rivers.     The  northeast  and  central  portions   are  well  timbered 
with  virgin  forests,  and  the  west  section  is  notably  rich  in  coal,  constitut- 
ing an  offshoot  of  the  great  Illinois  carboniferous  field.     Iron,  copper, 
marble,  slate,  gypsum,  and  various  clays  are  also  abundant.     From  au 
agricultural  point  of  view,  the  staple  products  are  maize  and  wheat,  with 
the  other  cereals  in  lesser  yields  ;  and  besides  these,  flax,  hemp,  sorghum, 
hops,  etc.,  are  extensively  raised.     Indiana  is  divided,  into  92  counties, 
and  counts  among  her  principal  cities  and  towns,  those  of  Indianapolis 
(the  capital),  Fort  Wayne,  Evansville,  Terre  Haute,  Madison,  Jefferson- 
ville,  Columbus,  Vincennes,  South  Bend,  etc.     The  public  institutions  of 
the   State   are   many   and   various,   and  on   a   scale  of  magnitude  and 
efficiency  commensurate  with  her  important  political  and  industrial  status. 
Upward  of  two  thousand  miles  of  railroads  permeate  the  State  in  all 
directions,  and  greatly  conduce  to   the  development  of  her  expanding 
manufacturing  interests.      Statistics    for    the    fiscal    year    terminating 
October  31,  1870,  exhibited  a  total  of  receipts,  $3,896,541  as  against  dis- 
bursements, $3,532,406,  leaving  a  balance,  $364,135  in  favor  of  the  State 
Treasury.     The  entire  public  debt,  January  5,  1871,  $3,971,000.     This 
State  was  first  settled  by  Canadian  voyageurs  in  1702,  who  erected  a  fort 
at  Vmcennes;  in  1763  it  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  English,  and  was 
.by  the  latter  ceded  to  the  United  States  in  1783.     From  1788  till  1791 
an  Indian  warefare  prevailed.     In  1800,  all  the  region  west  and  north  of 
Ohio  (then  formed  into  a  distinct  territory)  became  merged  iu  Indiana. 
In  1809  the  present  limits  of  the  State   were   defined,  Michigan  and 
niinois  having  previously  been  withdrawn.     In  1811,  Indiana  was  the 
theater  of  the  Indian  War  of  Tecumseh,  ending  with  the  decisive  battle 
of  Tippecanoe      In  1816  (December  11),  Indiana  became  enrolled  among 
the  States  of  the  American  Union.     In  1834,  the  State  passed  through  a 
monetary  crisis  owing  to  its  having  become    mixed  up  with    railroad, 
canal  and  other  speculations  on  a  gigantic  scale,  which  ended,  for  thb 
ime  being,  in  a  general  collapse  of  public  credit,  and  consequent  bank- 
ruptcy.    Since   that  time,  however,  the  greater  number  of  the  public 


THE   NORTHWESTERN   STATES.  243 

works  which  had  brought  about  that  imbroglio  —  especially  the  great 
Wabash  and  Erie  Canal  —  have  been  completed,  to  the  great  benefit  of 
the  State,  whose  subsequent  progress  has  year  by  year  been  marked  by 
rapid  strides  in  the  paths  of  wealth,  commerce,  and  general  social  and 
political  prosperity.  The  constitution  now  in  force  was  adopted  in  1851 
Population,  1,680,637. 


IOWA. 

In  shape,  Iowa  presents  an   almost  perfect  parallelogram;  has  a 
length,  north  to  south,  of  about  300  miles,  by  a  pretty  even  width  of  208 
miles,  and  embraces  an  area  of  55,045  square  miles,  or  35,228,800  acres. 
The  surface  of  the  State  is  generally   undulating,  rising  toward  the 
middle  into   an  elevated  plateau   which  forms  the    "  divide "   of  the 
Missouri  and  Mississippi  basins.     Rolling  prairies,  especially  in  the  south 
section,  constitute  a  regnant  feature,  and  the  river  bottoms,  belted  with 
woodlands,  present  a  soil  of  the  richest  alluvion.     Iowa  is  well  watered ; 
the  principal  rivers  being  the   Mississippi  and   Missouri,  which  form 
respectively  its   east   and   west  limits,  and  the  Cedar,  Iowa,  and  Des 
Moines,  affluents  of  the  first  named.     Mineralogically,  Iowa  is  important 
as  occupying  a  section  of  the  great  Northwest  coal  field,  to  the  extent  of 
an  area  estimated  at  25,000  square  miles.     Lead,  copper,  zinc,  and  iron, 
are  also  mined  in  considerable  quantities.     The  soil  is  well  adapted  to 
the  production  of  wheat,  maize,  and  the  other  cereals ;  fruits,  vegetables, 
and  esculent  roots;  maize,  wheat,  and  oats  forming  the  chief  staples. 
Wine,  tobacco,  hops,  and  wax,  are  other  noticeable  items  of  the  agricul- 
tural yield.     Cattle-raising,  too,  is  a  branch  of  rural  industry  largely 
engaged  in.     The  climate  is  healthy,  although  liable  to  extremes  of  heat 
and  cold.     The  annual  gross  product  of  the  various  manufactures  carried 
on  in  this  State  approximate,  in  round  numbers,  a  sum  of  $20,000,000. 
Iowa  has  an  immense  railroad  system,  besides  over  500  miles  of  water- 
communication  by  means  of  its  navigable  rivers.     The  State  is  politically 
divided  into  99  counties,  with  the  following  centers  of  population :  Des 
Moines  (capital),  Iowa  City  (former  capital),  Dubuque,  Davenport,  Bur- 
lington, Council  Bluffs,  Keokuk,  Muscatine,  and  Cedar   Rapids.     The 
State  institutions  of  Iowa— religious,  scholastic,  and  philanthropic  —  are 
on  a  par,  as  regards  number  and  perfection  of  organization  and  operation, 
with  those  of  her  Northwest  sister  States,  and   education  is  especially 
■well  cared   for,    and   largely  diffused.     Iowa  formed   a  portion  of  the 
American  territorial  acquisitions  from  France,  by  the  so-called  Louisiana 
purchase  in  1803,  and  was  politically  identified  with  Louisiana  till  1812, 


544  THE   NORTHWESTERN   STATES. 

vhen  it  merged  into  the  Missouri  Territory;  in  1834  it  came  under  the 
Michigan  organization,  and,  in  1836,  under  that  of  Wisconsin.  Finally, 
after  being  constituted  an  independent  Territory,  it  became  a  State  of 
the  Union,  December  28,  1846.  Population  in  1860,  674,913 ;  in  1870, 
1,191,792,  and  in  1875,  1,353,118. 


MICHIGAN. 

United  area,  56,243  square  miles,  or  35,995,520  acres.  Extent  of  the 
Upper  and  smaller  Peninsula  —  length,  316  miles ;  breadth,  fluctuating 
between  36  and  120  miles.  The  south  division  is  416  miles  long,  by  from 
50  to  300  miles  wide.  Aggregate  lake-shore  line,  1,400  miles.  The 
Upper,  or  North,  Peninsula  consists  chiefly  of  an  elevated  plateau, 
expanding  into  the  Porcupine  mountain-system,  attaining  a  maximum 
height  of  some  2,000  feet.  Its  shores  along  Lake  Superior  are  eminently 
bold  and  picturesque,  and  its  area  is  rich  in  minerals,  its  product  of 
copper  constituting  an  important  source  of  industry.  Both  divisions  are 
heavily  wooded,  and  the  South  one,  in  addition,  boasts  of  a  deep,  rich, 
loamy  soil,  throwing  up  excellent  crops  of  cereals  and  other  agricultural 
produce.  The  climate  is  generally  mild  and  humid,  though  the  Winter 
colds  are  severe.  The  chief  staples  of  farm  husbandry  include  the  cereals, 
grasses,  maple  sugar,  sorghum,  tobacco,  fruits,  and  dairy-stuffs.  In  1870, 
the  acres  of  land  in  farms  were :  improved,  5,096,939 ;  unimproved 
vroodland,  4,080,146 ;  other  unimproved  land,  842,057.  The  cash  value 
of  land  was  $398,240,578 ;  of  farming  implements  and  machinery, 
$13,711,979.  In  1869,  there  were  shipped  from  the  Lake  Superior  ports, 
874,582  tons  of  iron  ore,  and  45,762  of  smelted  pig,  along  with  14,188 
tons  of  copper  (ore  and  ingot).  Coal  is  another  article  largely  mined. 
Inland  communication  is  provided  for  by  an  admirably  organized  railroad 
system,  and  by  the  St.  Mary's  Ship  Canal,  connecting  Lakes  Huron  and 
Superior.  Michigan  is  politically  divided  into  78  counties;  its  chief 
urban  centers  are  Detroit,  Lansing  (capital),  Ann  Arbor,  Marquette, 
Bay  City,  Niles,  Ypsilanti,  Grand  Haven,  etc.  The  Governor  of  the 
State  is  elected  biennially.  On  November  80, 1870,  the  aggregate  bonded 
debt  of  Michigan  amounted  to  $2,385,028,  and  the  assessed  valuation  of 
land  to  $2i6,929,278,  representing  an  estimated  cash  value  of  $800,000,000. 
Education  is  largely  diffused  and  most  excellently  conducted  and  pro- 
vided for.  The  State  University  at  Ann  Arbor,  the  colleges  of  Detroit 
and  Kalamazoo,  the  Albion  Female  College,  the  State  Normal  School  at 
Ypsilanti,  and  the  State  Agricultural  College  at  Lansing,  are  chief  among 
the  academic  institutions.     Michigan  (a  term  of  Chippeway  origin,  and 


COFFINS  GROVE  TR 


THE   NORTHWESTJEEN   STATES.  245 

signifying  "  Great  Lake),  was  discovered  and  first  settled  by  French 
Canadians,  who,  in  1670,  founded  Detroit,  the  pioneer  of  a  series  of  trad- 
ing-posts on  the  Indian  frontier.  During  the  "  Conspiracy  of  Pontiac  " 
following  the  French  loss  of  Canada,  Michigan  became  the  scene  of'a 
sanguinary  struggle  between  the  whites  and  aborigines.  In  1796,  it 
became  annexed  to  the  United  States,  which  incorporated  this  region 
with  the  Northwest  Territory,  and  then  with  Indiana  Territory,  till  1803, 
when  it  became  territorially  independent.  Michigan  was  the  theater  of 
warlike  operations  during  the  war  of  1812  with  Great  Britain,  and  in 
1819  was  authorized  to  be  represented  by  one  delegate  in  Congress ;  ii, 
ISni  she  was  admitted  into  the  Union  as  a  State,  and  in  1869  ratified  the 
16th  Amendment  to  the  Federal  Constitution.     Population,  1,184,059. 


WISCONSIN. 

It  has  a  mean  length  of  260  miles,  and  a  maximum  breadth  of  215. 

Land  area,  53,924  square  miles,  or  34,511,360  acres.     Wisconsin  lies  at  a 

considerable  altitude  above  sea-level,  and  consists  for  the  most  part  of  an 

upland  plateau,  the  surface  of  which  is  undulating  and  very  generally 

diversified.     Numerous  local  eminences  called  mounds  are  interspersed 

over  the  State,  and  the  Lake  Michigan  coast-line  is  in  many  parts  char- 

acteri^d  by  lofty  escarped  cliffs,  even  as  on  the  west  side  the  banks  of 

the  Mississippi  form  a  series  of  high  and  picturesque  bluffs.     A  group  of 

islands  known  as  The  Apostles  lie  off  the  extreme  north  point  of  the 

State  in  Lake  Superior,  and  the  great  estuary  of  Green  Bay,  running  far 

inland,  gives  formation  to  a  long,  narrow  peninsula  between  its  waters 

and  those  of  Lake  Michigan.     The  river-system  of  Wisconsin  has  three 

outlets  —  those  of  Lake  Superior,  Green  Bay,  and  the  Mississippi,  which 

latter  stream  forms  the  entire  southwest  frontier,  widening  at  one  point 

into  the  large  watery  expanse  called  Lake  Pepin.   Lake  Superior  receives 

the   St.  Louis,    Burnt   Wood,   and  Montreal   Rivers;  Green  Bay,  the 

Menomonee,   Peshtigo,   Oconto,  and  Fox;    while    into  the   Mississippi 

empty   the   St.  Croix,  Chippewa,  Black,  Wisconsin,  and  Rock  Rivers. 

The  chief  interior  lakes  are  those  of  "^innebago,  Horicon,  and  Court 

Oreilles,  and  smaller  sheets  of  water  stud  a  great  part  of  the  surface. 

The    climate  is  healthful,  with  cold  Winters  and  brief  but  very  warm 

Summers.      Mean   annual   rainfall   31    inches.     The  geological   system 

represented  by  the  State,  embraces  those  rocks  included  between  the 

primary   and   the   Devonian    series,    the   former    containing    extensive 

deposits  of  copper  and  iron  ore.     Besides  these  minerals,  lead  and  zinc 

are  found  in  great  quantities,  together  with  kaolin,  plumbago,  gypsum. 


240  THE   NORTHWESTERN    STATES. 

and  various  clays.  Mining,  consequently,  forms  a  prominent  industry^ 
and  one  of  yearly  increasing  dimensions.  The  soil  of  Wisconsin  is  of 
varying  quality,  but  fertile  on  the  whole,  and  in  the  north  parts  of  the 
State  heavily  timbered.  The  agricultural  yield  comprises  the  cereals, 
together  with  flax,  hemp,  tobacco,  pulse,  sorgum,  and  all  kinds  of  vege- 
tables, and  of  the  hardier  fruits.  In  1870,  the  State  had  a  total  number 
of  102,904  farms,  occupying  11,716,321  acres,  of  which  5,899,343  con- 
sisted of  improved  land,  and  3,437,442  were  timbered.  Cash  value  of 
farms,  $300,414,004  ;  of  farm  implements  and  machinery,  $14,239,364. 
Total  estimated  value  of  all  farm  products,  including  betterments  and 
additions  to  stock,  $78,027,032  ;  of  orchard  and  dairy  stuffs,  $l,045,93g; 
of  lumber,  $1,327,618 ;  of  home  manufactures,  $338,423 ;  of  all  live-stock, 
$45,310,882.  Number  of  manufacturing  establishments,  7,136,  employ- 
ing 39,055  hands,  and  turning  out  productions  valued  at  $85,624,906. 
The  political  divisions  of  the  State  form  61  counties,  and  the  chief  places 
of  wealth,  trade,  and  population,  are  Madison  (the  capital),  Milwaukee, 
Fond  du  Lac,  Oshkosh,  Pr.iirie  du  Chien,  Janesville,  Portage  City, 
Racine,  Kenosha,  and  La  Crosse.  In  1870,  the  total  assessed  valuation 
reached  $333,209,838,  as  against  a  true  valuation  of  both  real  and  personsfl 
estate  aggregating  $602,207,329.  Treasury  receipts  during  1870,  $880,^ 
696 ;  disbursements,  $906,329.  Value  of  church  property,  $4,749,983. 
Education  is  amply  provided  for.  Independently  of  the  State  University 
at  Madison,  and  those  of  Galesville  and  of  Lawrence  at  Appleton,  and 
the  colleges  of  Beloit,  Racine,  and  Milton,  there  are  Normal  Schools  at 
Platteville  and  Whitewater.  The  State  is  divided  into  4,802  common 
school  districts,  maintained  at  a  cost,  in  1870,  of  $2,094,100.  Th'e  chari- 
table institutions  of  Wisconsin  include  a  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum,  an 
Institute  for  the  Education  of  the  Blind,  and  a  Soldiers'  Orphans'  School, 
In  January,  1870,  the  railroad  system  ramified  throughout  the  State 
totalized  2,779  miles  of  track,  including  several  lines  far  advanced  toward 
completion.  Immigration  is  successfully  encouraged  by  the  State  author- 
ities, the  larger  number  of  yearly  new-comers  being  of  Scandinavian  and 
German  origin.  The  territory  now  occupied  within  the  limits  of  the 
State  of  Wisconsin  was  explored  by  French  missionaries  and  traders  in 
1639,  and  it  remained  under  French  jurisdiction  until  1703,  when  it 
became  annexed  to  the  British  North  American  possessions.  In  1796,  it 
reverted  to  the  United  States,  the  government  of  which  latter  admitted 
it  within  the  limits  of  the  Northwest  Territory,  and  in  1809,  attached  it 
to  that  of  Illinois,  and  to  Micygan  in  1818.  Wisconsin  became  independ- 
ently territorially  organized  in  1836,  and  became  a  State  of  the  Union, 
March  3,  1847.  Population  in  1870,  1,004,985,  of  which  2,113  were  of 
the  colored  race,  and  11,521  Indians,  1,206  of  the  latter  being  out  of 
tribal  relations. 


THE    NORTHWESTERN    STATES.  94J 


MINNESOTA. 


Its  length,  north  to  south,  embraces  an   extent  of  380  miles;  its 
preadth  one  of  250  miles  at  a  maximum.     Area,  84,000  square  miles,  or 
54,760,000  acres.     The  surface   of  Minnesota,  generally  speakino-,  con- 
sists of  a  succession  of  gently  undulating  plains  and  prairies,  drained  by 
an  admirable  water-system,  and  with  here  and  there  heavily-  timbered 
bottoms  and  belts  of  virgin  forest.     The  soil,  corresponding  with  such  a 
Buperfices,  is  exceptionally  rich,  consisting  for  the  most  part  of  a  dark, 
calcareous  sandy  drift  intermixed  with  loam.     A  distinguishing  physical 
feature  of  this  State  is  its  riverine  ramifications,  expanding  in  nearly 
every  part  of  it  into  almost  innumerable  lakes — the  whole  presenting  an 
aggregate  of  water-power  having  hardly  a  rival  in  the  Union.     Besides 
the  Mississippi  —  which  here  has  its  rise,  and  drains  a  basin  of  800  miles 
of  country  —  the  principal  streams  are  the  Minnesota  (334  miles  long), 
the  Red  River  of  the  North,  the  St.  Croix,  St.  Louis,  and  many  others  of 
lesser  importance ;  the  chief  lakes  are  those  called  Red,  Cass,  Leech, 
Mille  Lacs,  Vermillion,  and  Winibigosh.    Quite  a  concatenation  of  sheets 
of  water  fringe  the  frontier  line  where  Minnesota  joins  British  America, 
culminating  in  the  Lake  of  the  Woods.     It  has  been  estimated,  that  of 
an  area  of  1,200,000  acres  of  surface  between  the  St.  Croix  and  Mis- 
sissippi Rivers,  not  less  than  73,000  acres  are  of  lacustrine  formation.    In 
point  of  minerals,  the  resources  of  Minnesota   have  as  yet  been   very 
imperfectly  developed;  iron,  copper,  coal,  lead  —  all  these  are  known  to 
exist  in  considerable  deposits ;  together  with  salt,  limestone,  and  potter's 
clay.    The  agricultural  outlook  of  the  State  is  in  a  high  degree  satis- 
factory ;  wheat  constitutes  the  leading  cereal  in  cultivation,  with  Indian 
corn  and  oats  in  next  order.     Fruits  and  vegetables  are  grown  in  great 
plenty  and  of  excellent  quality.     The  lumber  resources  of  Minnesota  are 
important ;  the  pine  forests  in  the  north  region  alone  occupying  an  area 
of  some  21,000  square  miles,  which  in  1870  produced  a  return  of  scaled 
logs  amounting  to  313,116,416  feet.     The  natural  .industrial  advantages 
possessed  by  Minnesota  are  largely  improved  upon  by  a  railroad  system. 
The  political  divisions  of  this  State  number  78  counties ;  of  which  the 
Chief  cities  and  towns  are :  St.  Paul  (the  capital),  Stillwater,  Red  Wing, 
St.  Anthony,  Fort  Snelling,  Minneapolis,  and  Mankato.     Minnesota  has 
already  assumed  an  attitude  of  high  importance  as  a  manufacturing  State ; 
this  is  mainly  due  to  the  wonderful  command  of  water-power  she  pos- 
sesses, as  before  spoken  of.     Besides  her  timber-trade,  the   milling  of 
flour,  the  distillation  of  whisky,  and  the  tanning  of  leather,  are  prominent 
interests,  which  in  1869,  gave  returns  to  the  amount  of  $14,831,043. 


248  THE    NORTHWESTERN   STATES. 

Education  is  notably  provided  for  on  a  broad  and  catholic  scale,  the 
entire  amount  expended  scholastically  during  the  year  1870  being  $857,- 
816  ;  while  on  November  30  of  the  preceding  year  the  permanent  school 
fund  stood  at  12,476,222.  Besides  a  University  and  Agricultural  College, 
Normal  and  Reform  Schools  flourish,  and  with  these  may  be  mentioned 
such  various  philanthropic  and  religious  institutions  as  befit  the  needs  of 
an  intelligent  and  prosperous  community.  The  finances  of  the  State  for 
the  fiscal  year  terminating  December  1,  1870,  exhibited  a  balance  on  the 
right  side  to  the  amount  of  $136,164,  being  a  gain  of  144,000  over  the 
previous  year's  figures.  The  earliest  exploration  of  Minnesota  by  the 
whites  was  made  in  1680  by  a  French  Franciscan,  Father  Hennepiniwho 
gave  the  name  of  St.  Antony  to  the  Great  Falls  on  the  Upper  Missisippi. 
In  1763,  the  Treaty  of  Versailles  ceded  this  region  to  England. 
Twenty  years  later,  Minnesota  formed  part  of  the  Northwest  Territory 
transferred  to  the  United  States,  and  became  herself  territorialized  inde- 
pendently in  1849.  Indian  cessions  in  1851  enlarged  her  boundaries,  and, 
May  11,  1857,  Minnesota  became  a  unit  of  the  great  American  federation 
of  States.     Population,  439,706. 


NEBRASKA. 

Maximum  length,  412  miles;  extreme  breadth,  208  miles.  Area, 
75,905  square  miles,  or  48,636,800  acres.  The  surface  of  this  State  is  ■ 
almost  entirely  undulating  prairie,  and  forms  part  of  the  west  slope  of 
the  great  central  basin  of  the  North  American  Continent.  In  its  west 
division,  near  the  base  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  is  a  sandy  belt  of 
country,  irregularly  defined.  In  this  part,  too,  are  the  "  dunes,"  resem- 
bling a  wavy  sea  of  sandy  billows,  as  well  as  the  Mauvaises  Terres,  a  tract 
of,  singular  formation,  produced  by  eccentric  disintegrations  and  denuda- 
tions of  the  land.  The  chief  rivers  are  the  Missouri,  constituting  its  en- 
tire east  line  of  demarcation ;  the  Nebraska  or  Platte,  the  Niobrara,  the 
Republican  Fork  of  the  Kansas,  the  Elkhorn,  and  the  Loup  Fork  of  the 
Platte.  The  soil  is  very  various,  but  consisting  chiefly  of  rich,  bottomy 
loam,  admirably  adapted  to  the  raising  of  heavy  crops  of  cereals.  All 
the  vegetables  and  fruits  of  the  temperate  zone  are  produced  in  great 
size  and  plenty.  For  grazing  purposes  Nebraska  is  a  State  exceptionally 
well  fitted,  a  region  of  not  less  than  23,000,000  acres  being  adaptable  to 
this  branch  of  husbandry.  *It  is  believed  that  the,  as  yet,  comparatively 
infertile  tracts  of  land  found  in  various  parts  of  the  State  are  susceptible  ( 
of  productivity  by  means  of  a  properly  conducted  system  of  irrigation. 
Few  minerals  of  moment  have  so  far  been  found  within  the  limits  of 


THE    NORTHWESTERN    STATES. 


249 


Nebraska,  if  we  may  except  important  saline  deposits  at  the  head  of  Salt 
Creek  in  its  southeast  section.  The  State  is  divided  into  57  counties, 
independent  of  the  Pawnee  and  Winnebago  Indians,  and  of  unorganized 
territory  in  the  northwest  part.  The  principal  towns  are  Omaha,  Lincoln 
(State  capital),  Nebraska  City,  Columbus,  Grand  Island,  etc.  In  1870, 
the  total  assessed  value  of  property  amounted  to  153,000,000,  being  an 
increase  of  $11,000,000  over  the  previous  year's  returns.  The  total 
amount  received  from  the  school-fund  during  the  year  1869-70  was 
$77,999.  Education  is  making  great  onward  strides,  the  State  University 
and  an  Agricultural  College  being  far  advanced  toward  completion.  In 
the  matter  of  railroad  communication,  Nebraska  bids  fair  to  soon  place 
herself  on  a  par  with  her  neighbors  to  the  east.  Besides  being  inter- 
sected by  the  Union  Pacific  line,  with  its  off-shoot,  the  Fremont  and  Blair, 
other  tracks  are  in  course  of  rapid  construction.  Organized  by  Con- 
gressional Act  into  a  Territory,  May  30,  1854,  Nebraska  entered  the 
Union  as  a  full  State,  March  1,  1867.     Population,  122,993. 


HTIN^TINfi    PKAIEIE    WOLVES    IN    AN    liABLY    DAY. 


250  CONSTITUTION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 


CONSTITUTION    OF   THE    UNITED    STATES    OF   AMERICA 
AND  ITS  AMENDMENTS. 

We,  the  people  of  the  United  States,  in  order  to  form  a  more  perfect  union, 
establish  jiistice,  insure  domestic  tranquillity,  provide  for  the  common 
defense,  promote  the  general  welfare,  and  seem  e  the  blessings  of  liberty 
to  ourselves  and  our  posterity,  do  ordain  and  establish  this  Constitution 
for  the  United  States  of  America. 

Article  I. 

Section  1.  All  legislative  powers  herein  granted  shall  be  vested  in 
a  Congress  of  the  United  States,  which  shall  consist  of  a  Senate  and 
House  of  Representatives. 

Sec.  2.  The  House  of  Representatives  shall  be  composed  of  mem- 
bers chosen  every  second  year  by  the  people  of  the  several  states,  and  the 
electors  in  each  state  shall  have  the  qualifications  requisite  for  electors  of 
the  most  numerous  branch  of  the  State  Legislature. 

No  person  shall  be  a  representative  who  shall  not  have  attained  to  the 
age  of  twenty-five  years,  and  been  seven  years  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States,  and  who  shall  not,  when  elected,  be  an  inhabitant  of  that  state  in 
which  he  shall  be  chosen. 

Representatives  and  direct  taxes  shall  be  apportioned  among  the  sev- 
eral states  which  may  be  included  within  this  Union,  according  to  theii 
respective  numbers,  which  shall  be  determined  by  adding  to  the  whole 
number  of  free  persons,  including  those  bound  to  service  for  a  te^m  of 
years,  and  excluding  Indians  not  taxed,  three-fifths  of  all  other  persons. 
The  actual  enumeration  shall  be  made  within  three  years  after  the  first 
meeting  of  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  and  within  every  subse- 
quent term  of  ten  years,  in  such  manner  as  they  shall  by  law  direct.  The 
number  of  Representatives  shall  not  exceed  one  for  every  thirty  thousand, 
but  each  state^  shall  have  at  least  one  Representative  ;  and  until  such 
enumeration  shall  be  made  the  State  of  New  Hampshire  shall  be  entitled 
to  choose  three,  Massachusetts  eight,  Rhode  Island  and  Providence  Plan- 
tations one,  Connecticut  five.  New  York  six,  New  Jersey  four,  Pennsylva- 
nia eight,  Delaware  one,  Maryland  six,  Virginia  ten,  North  Carolina  five, 
and  Georgia  three. 

When  vacancies  happen  in  the  representation  from  any  state,  the 
Executive  authority  thereof  shall  issue  writs  of  election  to  fill  such 
vacancies. 

The  House  of  Representatives  shall  cl^oose  their  Speaker  and  other 
officers,  and  shall  have  the  sole  power  of  impeachment. 

Sec.  3.  The  Senate  of  the  United  States  shall  be  composed  of  two 
Senators  from  each  state,  chosen  by  the  Legislature  thereof  for  six  years ; 
and  each  Senator  shall  have  one  vote. 

Immediately  after  they  shall  be  assembled  in  consequence  of  the  first 
election,  they  shall  be  divided  as  equally  as  may  be  into  three  classes. 
The  seats  of  the  Senators  of  the  first  class  shall  be  vacated  at  the  expira- 


AKD  ITS  AMENDMENTS.  251 

tdon  of  the  second  year,  of  the  second  class  at  the  expiration  of  the  fourth 
year,  and  of  the  third  class  at  the  expiration  of  the  sixth  year,  so  that 
one-third  may  be  chosen  every  second  year;  and  if  vacancies  happen  by 
resignation  or  otherwise,  during  the  recess  of  the  Legislature  of  any  state, 
the  Executive  thereof  may  make  temporary  appointments  until  the  next 
meeting  of  the  Legislature,  which  shall  then  fill  such  vacancies. 

No  person  shall  be  a  Senator  who  shall  not  have  attained  to  the  age 
of  thirty  years  and  been  nine  years  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and 
who  shall  not,  when  elected,  be  an  inhabitant  of  that  state  for  -yrhich  ho 
shall  be  chosen. 

The  Vice-President  of  the  United  States  shall  be  President  of  th 
Senate,  but  shall  have  no  vote  unless  they  be  equally  divided. 

The  Senate  shall  choose  their  other  officers,  and  also  a  President  pro 
tempore,  in  the  absence  of  the  Vice-President,  or  when  he  shall  exercise 
the  office  of  President  of  the  United  States. 

The  Senate  shall  have  the  sole  power  to  try  all  impeachments.  When 
sitting  for  that  purpose  they  shall  be  on  oath  or  affirmation.  When  the 
President  of  the  United  States  is  tried  the  Chief  Justice  shall  preside. 
And  no  person  shall  be  convicted  without  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds 
of  the  members  present. 

Judgment,  in  cases  of  impeachment,  shall  not  extend  further  than  to 
removal  from  office,  and  disqualification  to  hold  and  enjoy  any  office  of 
honor,  trust,  or  profit  under  the  United  States ;  but  the  party  convicted 
shall  nevertheless  be  liable  and  subject  to  indictment,  trial,  judgment, 
and  punishment  according  to  law.  , 

Sec.  4.  The  times,  places  and  manner  of  holding  elections  for  Sen- 
ators and  Representatives  shall  be  prescribed  in  each  state  by  the  Legis- 
lature thereof ;  but  the  Congress  may  at  any  time  by  law  make  or  alter 
suclj  regulations,  except  as  to  the  places  of  choosing  Senators. 

The  Congress  shall  assemble  at  least  once  in  every  year,  and  such 
meeting  shall  be  on  the  first  Monday  in  December,  unless  they  shall  by 
law  appoint  a  different  day. 

Sec.  5.  Each  house  shall  be  the  judge  of  the  election,  returns,  and 
qualifications  of  its  own  members,  and  a  majority  of  each  shall  constitute 
a  quorum  to  do  business ;  but  a  smaller  number  may  adjourn  from  day  to 
day,  and  may  be  authorized  to  compel  the  attendance  of  absent  members 
ill  such  manner  and  under  such  penalties  as  each  house  may  provide. 

Each  house  may  determine  the  rules  of  its  proceedings,  punish  its 
members  for  disorderly  behavior,  and,  with  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds, 
expel  a  member. 

Each  house  shall  keep  a  journal  of  its  proceedings,  and  from  time  to 
time  publish  the  same,  excepting  such  parts  as  may,  in  their  judgment, 
require  secrecy  ;  and  the  yeas  and  nays  of  the  members  of  either  house 
on  any  question  shall,  at  the  desire  of  one-fifth  of  those  present,  be  entered 
on  the  journal. 

Neither  house,  during  the  session  of  Congress,  shall,  without  the 
consent  of  the  other,  adjourn  for  more  than  three  days,  nor  to  any  other 
place  than  that  in  which  the  two  houses  shall  be  sitting. 

Sec.  6.  The  Senators  and  Representatives  shall  receive  a  compen- 
sation for  their  services,  to  be  ascertained  by  law,  and  paid  out  ot  the 
treasury  of  the  United  States.     They  shall  in  all  cases,  except  treason, 


252  CONSTITUTION   OF   THE   UNITED   STATES 

felony,  and  breach  of  the  peace,  be  privileged  from  arrest  during  their 
attendance  at  the  session  of  their  respective  houses,  and  in  going  to  and 
returning  from  the  same  ;  and  for  any  speech  or  debate  in  either  house 
they  shall  not  be  questioned  in  any  other  place. 

No  Senator  or  Representative  shall,  during  the  time  for  which  he  was 
elected,  be  appointed  to  any  civil  office  under  the  authority  of  the  United 
States,  which  shall  have  been  created,  or  the  emoluments  whereof  shall 
have  been  increased  during  such  time  ;  and  ho  person  holding  any  office 
under  the  United  States,  shall  be  a  member  of  either  house  during  his 
continuance  in  office. 

Sec.  7.  All  bills  for  raising  revenue  shall  originate  in  the  House  of 
Representatives ;  but  the  Senate  may  propose  or  concur  with  amendments 
as  on  other  bills. 

Every  bill  which  shall  have  passed  the  House  of  Representatives  and 
the  Senate,  shall,  before  it  becomes  a  law,  be  presented  to  the  Presideiit 
"  the  United  States ;  if  he  approve  he  shall  sign  it ;  but  if  not  he  shall 
return  it,  with  his  objections,  to  that  house  in  which  it  shall  have  origi- 
nated, who  shall  enter  the  objections  at  large  on  their  journal,  and 
proceed  to  reconsider  it.  If,  after  such  reconsideration  two-thirds  of  that 
house  shall  agree  to  pass  the  bill,  it  shall  be  sent,  together  with  the  objec- 
tions, to  the  other  house,  by  which  it  shall  likewisebe  reconsidered,  and  if 
approved  by  two-thirds  of  that  house,  it  shall  become  a  law.  But  in  all 
such  cases  the  votes  of  both  houses  shall  be  determined  by  yeas  and  nays, 
and  the  names  of  the  persons  voting  for  and  against  the  bill  shall  be  entered 
on  the  journal  of  each  house  respectively.  If  any  bill  shall  not  be  returned 
by  the  President  within  ten  days  (Sundays  excepted),  after  it  shall  have 
been  presented  to  him,  the  same  shall  be  a  law,  in  like  manner  as  if  he 
had  signed  it,  unless  the  Congress,  by  their  adjournment,  prevent  its 
return,  in  which  case  it  shall  not  be  a  law. 

Every  order,  resolution,  or  vote  to  which  the  concurrence  of  the 
Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  may  be  necessary  (except  on  a 
question  of  adjournment),  shall  be  presented  to  the  President  of  the 
United  States,  and  before  the  same  shall  take  effect  shall  be  approved  by 
him,  or,  being  disapproved  by  him,  shall  be  re-passed  by  two-thirds  of 
the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  according  to  the  rules  and  lim- 
itations prescribed  in  the  case  of  a  bill. 

Sec.  8.     The  Congress  shall  have  power — 

To  lay  and  collect  taxes,  duties,  imposts  and  excises,  to  pay  the  debts, 
and  provide  for  the  common  defense  and  general  welfare  of  the  United 
states ;  but  all  duties,  imposts,  and  excises  shall  be  uniform  throughout 
the  United  States ; 

To  borrow  money  on  the  credit  of  the  United  States  ; 

To  regulate  commerce  with  foreign  nations,  and  among  the  several 
Str.tes,  and  with  the  Indian  tribes ; 

To^  establish  a  uniform  rule  of  naturalization,  and  uniform  laws  od 
the  subject  of  bankruptcies  throughout  the  United  States ; 

To  coin  money,  regulate  the  value  thereof,  and  of  foreign  coin,  and 
fix  the  standard  of  weights  and  measures ; 

To  provide  for  the  punishment  of  counterfeiting  the  securities  and 
current  coin  of  the  United  States; 

To  establish  post  offices  and  post  roads ; 


ASD  ITS  AMENDMENTS.  o--. 

To  promote  the  progress  of  sciences  and  useful  arts,  by  securinff 
for  limited  times,  to  authors  and  inventors,  the  exclusive  right  to  their 
respective  writings  and  discoveries ; 

To  constitute  tribunals  inferior  to  the  Supreme  Court ; 

To  define  and  punish  piracies  and  felonies  committed  on  the  high 
seas,  and  offenses  against  the  law  of  nations ; 

To  declare  war,  grant  letters  of  marque  and  reprisal^  and  make  rules 
concerning  captures  on  land  and  water  ; 

To  raise  and  support  armies,  but  no  appropriation  of  money  to  that 
use  shall  be  for  a  longer  term  than  two  years ; 

To  provide  and  maintain  a  navy ; 

To  make  rules  for  the  government  and  regulation  of  the  land  and 
naval  forces ; 

To  provide  for  calling  forth  the  militia  to  execute  the  laws  of  the 
Union,  suppress  insurrections,  and  repel  invasions ; 

To  provide  for  organizing,  arming  and  disciplining  the  militia,  and 
for  governing  such  part  of  them  as  may  be  employed  in  the  service  of  the 
United  States,  reserving  to  the  states  respectively  the  appointment  of  the 
of&cers,  and  the  authority  of  training  the  mihtia  according  to  the  disci- 
pline  prescribed  by  Congress ; 

To  exercise  legislation  in  all  cases  whatsoever  over  such  district  (not 
exceeding  ten  miles  square)  as  may,  by  cession  of  particular  states,  and  the 
acceptance  of  Congress,  become  the  seat  of  the  government  of  the  United 
States,  and  to  exercise  like  authority  over  all  places  purchased  by  the 
consent  of  the  Legislature  of  the  state  in  which  the  same  shall  be,  for 
the  erection  of  forts,  magazines,  arsenals,  dock  yards,  and  other  needful 
buildings;  and 

To  make  all  laws  which  shall  be  necessary  and  proper  for  carrying 
into  execution  the  foregoing  powers,  and  all  other  powers  vested  by  this 
Constitution  in  the  government  of  the  United  States,  or  in  any  depart- 
ment or  officer  thereof. 

Sec.  9.  The  migration  or  importation  of  such  persons  as  any  of  the 
states  now  existing  shall  think  proper  to  admit,  shall  not  be  prohibited 
by  the  Congress  prior  to  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eight, 
but  a  tax  or  duty  may  be  imposed  on  such  importation,  not  exceeding  ten 
dollars  for  each  person. 

The  privilege  of  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus  shall  not  be  suspended, 
nnless  when  in  eases  of  rebellion  or  invasion  the  public  safety  may 
require  it. 

No  bill  of  attainder  or  ex  post  facto  law  shall  be  passed. 

No  capitation  or  other  direct  tax  shall  be  laid,  unless  in  proportion 
to  the  census  or  enumeration  hereinbefore  directed  to  be  taken.  ,, 

No  tax  or  duty  shall  be  laid  on  articles  exported  from  any  state. 

No  preference  shall  be  given  by  any  regulation  of  commerce  or  rev- 
enue to  the  ports  of  one  state  over  those  of  another;  nor  shall  vessels 
bound  to  or  from  one  state  be  obliged  to  enter,  clear,  or  pay  duties  m 
another. 

No  money  shall  be  drawn  from  the  Treasury,  but  in  consequence  ot 
appropriations  made  by  law ;  and  a  regular  statement  and  account  of 
the  receipts  and  expeditures  of  all  public  money  shall  be  published  from 
time  to  time. 


254  CONSTITUTION  OE  THE  UNITED  STATES 

No  title  of  nobility  shall  be  granted  by  the  United  States :  and  no 
person  holding  any  office  of  profit  or  trust  under  them,  shall,  without  the 
consent  of  the  Congress,  accept  of  any  present,  emolument,  office,  or  title 
of  any  kind  whatever,  from  any  king,  prince,  or  foreign  state. 

Sec.  10.  No  state  shall  enter  into  any  treaty,  alliance,  or  confeder- 
ation ;  grant  letters  of  marque  and  reprisal ;  coin  money ;  emit  bills  of 
credit ;  make  anything  but  gold  and  silver  coin  a  tender  in  payment  of 
debts ;  pass  any  bill  of  attainder,  ex  post  facto  law,  or  law  impairing  the 
obligation  of  contracts,  or  grant  any  title  of  nobility. 

No  state  shall,  without  the  consent  of  the  Congress,  lay  any  imposts 
or  duties  on  imports  or  exports,  except  what  may  be  absolutely  necessary 
for  executing  its  inspection  laws,  and  the  net  produce  of  all  duties  an4 
imposts  laid  by  any  state  on  imports  or  exports,  shall  be  for  the  use  of  the 
Treasury  ,of  the  United  States ;  and  all  such  laws  shall  be  subject  to  the 
revision  and  control  of  the  Congress. 

No  state  shall,  without  the  consent  of  Congress,  lay  any  duty  on 
tonnage,  keep  troops  or  ships  of  war  in  time  of  peace,  enter  into  any 
agreement  or  compact  with  another  state,  or  with  a  foreign  power,  or 
engage  in  war,  unless  actually  invaded,  or  in  such  imminent  danger  as  will 
not  admit  of  delay. 

Article  II. 

Section  1.  The  Executive  power  shall  be  vested  in  a  President  of 
the  United  States  of  America.  He  shall  hold  his  office  during  the  term 
of  four  years,  and,  together  with  the  Vice-President  chosen  for  the  same 
term,  be  elected  as  follows : 

Each  state  shall  appoint,  in  such  manner  as  the  Legislature  thereof 
may  direct,  a  number  of  Electors,  equal  to  the  whole  number  of  Senatprs 
and  Representatives  to  which  the  state  may  be  entitled  in  the  Congress'; 
but  no  Senator  or  Representative,  or  person  holding  an  office  of  trust  or 
profit  under  the  United  States,  shall  be  appointed  an  Elector. 

[*The  Electors  shall  meet  in  their  respective  states,  and  vote  by 
ballot  for  two  persons,  of  whom  one  at  least  shall  not  be  an  inhabitant  of 
the  same  state  with  themselves.  And  they  shall  make  a  list  of  all  the 
persons  voted  for,  and  of  the  number  of  votes  for  each  ;  which  list  they 
shall  sign  and  certify,  and  transmit,  sealed,  to  the  seat  of  the  government 
of  the  United  States,  directed  to  the  President  of  the  Senate.  The  Pres- 
ident of  the  Senate  shall,  in  the  presence  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives, open  all  the  certificates,  and  the  votes  shall  then  be  counted. 
The  person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  shall  be  the  President, 
if  such  number  be  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  of  Electors  appointed; 
and  if  there  be  more  than  one  who  have  such  majority,  and  have  an  equal 
number  of  votes,  then  the  House  of  Representatives  shall  immediately 
choose  by  ballot  one  of  them  for  President ;  and  if  no  person  have  a  ma- 
jority, then  from  the  five  highest  on  the  list  the  said  House  shall  in  like 
manner  choose  the  President.  But  in  choosing  the  President,  the  vote 
shall  be  taken  by  states,  the  representation  from  each  state  having  one 
vote  ;  a  quorum  for  this  purpose  shall  consist  of  a  member  or  members 
from  two-thirds  of  the  states,  and  a  majority  of  all  the  states  shall  be 
necessary  to  a  choice.     In  every  case,  after  the  choice  of  the  President, 

*  This  clause  between  brackets  has  been  superseded  and  annulled  by  the  Twelfth  amendment. 


AND   ITS   AMENDMENTS.  055 

the  person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  of  the  Electors  shall  be 
the  Vice-President.  But  if  there  should  remain  two  or  more  who  have 
equal  votes,  the  Senate  shall  choose  from  them  by  ballot  the  Vice-Presi- 
dent.] 

The  Congress  may  determine  the  time  of  choosing  the  Electors,  and 
the  day  on  which  they  shall  give  their  votes ;  which  day  shall  be  the  same 
throughout  the  United  States. 

No  person  except  a  natural  born  citizen,  or  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States  at  the  time  of  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution,  shall  be  eligible 
to  the  office  of  President ;  neither  shall  any  person  be  eligible  to  that 
office  who  shall  not  have  attained  the  age  of  thirty-five  years,  and  been 
fourteen  years  a  resident  within  the  United  States. 

In  case  of  the  removal  of  the  President  from  office,  or  of  his  death, 
designation,  or  inability  to  discharge  the  powers  and  duties  of  the  said 
office,  the  same  shall  devolve  on  the  Vice-President,  and  the  Congress 
may  by  law  provide  for  the  case  of  removal,  death,  resignation,  or  inabil- 
ity, both  of  the  President  and  Vice-President,  declaring  what  officer  shall 
then  act  as  President,  and  such  officer  shall  act  accordingly,  until  the  dis- 
ability be  removed,  or  a  President  shall  be  elected. 

The  President  shall,  at  stated  times,  receive  for  his  services  a  com- 
pensation which  shall  neither  be  increased  nor  diminished  during  the 
period  for  which  he  shall  have  been  elected,  and  he  shall  not  receive 
within  that  period  any  other  emolument  from  the  United  States  or  any  of 
them. 

Before  he  enters  on  the  execution  of  his  office,  he  shall  take  the  fol- 
lowing oath  or  affirmation: 

"  I  do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  that  I  will  faithfully  execute  the 
office  of  President  of  the  United  States,  and  will,  to  the  best  of  my  ability, 
preserve,  protect,  and  defend  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States." 

Sec.  2.  The  President  shall  be  commander  in  chief  of  the  army  and 
navy  of  the  United  States,  and  of  the  militia  of  the  several  states,  when 
called  into  the  actual  service  of  the  United  States ;  he  may  require  the 
opinion,  in  writing,  of  the  principal  officer  in  each  of  the  executive 
departments,  upon  any  subject  relating  to  the  duties  of  their  respective 
offices,  and  he  shall  have  power  to  grant  reprieves  and  pardon  for  offenses 
against  the  United  States,  except  in  cases  of  impeachment. 

He  shall  have  power,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the 
Senate,  to  make  treaties,  provided  two-thirds  of  the  Senators  present  con- 
cur; and  he  shall  nominate,  and  by  and  with  the  advice  of  the  Senate, 
shall  appoint  ambassaaors,  other  public  ministers  and  consuls,  judges  of 
the  Supreme  Court,  and  all  other  officers  of  the  United  States  whose 
appointments  are  not  herein  otherwise  provided  for,  and  which  shall  be 
established  by  law ;  but  the  Congress  may  by  law  vest  the  appointment 
of  such  inferior  officers  as  they  think  proper  in  the  President  alone,  m 
the  courts  of  law,  or  in  the  heads  of  departments. 

The  President  shall  have  power  to  fill  up  all  vacancies  that  may 
happen  during  the  recess  of  the  Senate,_by  granting  commissions  which 
shall  expire  at  the  end  of  their  next  session. 

Sec.  3.  He  shall  from  time  to  time  give  to  the  Congress  information 
of  the  state  of  the  Union,  and  recommend  to  their  consideration  such  mea- 
sures as  he  shall  judge  necessary  and  expedient ;  he  may  on  extraordinary 


256  CONSTITUTION  OP  THE  UNITED  SPATES 

occasions  convene  both  houses,  or  either  of  them,  and  in  case  of  disagree- 
ment between  them,  with  respect  to  the  time  of  adjournment,  he  may 
adjourn  them  to  such  time  as  he  shall  think  proper ;  he  shall  receive 
ambassadors  and  other  public  ministers ;  he  shall  take  care  that  the  laws  be 
faithfully  executed,  and  shall  commission  all  the  officers  of  the  United 

States. 

Sec.  4.  The  President,  Vice-President,  and  all  civil  officers  of  the 
United  States,  shall  be  removed  from  office  on  impeachment  for,  and  con 
viction  of,  treason,  bribery,  or  other  high  crimes  and  misdemeanors. 

Aeticle  III. 

Section  I.  The  judicial  power  of  the  United  States  shall  be  vested 
in  one  Supreme  Court,  and  such  inferior  courts  as  the  Congress  may  froflti 
time  to  time  ordain  and  establish.  The  Judges,  both  of  the  Supreme  and 
inferior  courts,  shall  hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior,  and  shall,  at 
stated  times,  receive  for  their  services  a  compensation,  which  shall  not  be 
diminished  during  their  continuance  in  office. 

Sec.  2.  The  judicial  power  shall  extend  to  all  cases,  in  law  and 
equity,  arising  under  this  Constitution,  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  and 
treaties  made,  or  which  shall  be  made,  under  their  authority ;  to  all  cases 
affecting  ambassadors,  other  public  ministers,  and  consuls  ;  to  all  cases  of 
admiralty  and  maritime  jurisdiction ;  to  controversies  to  which  the  United 
States  shall  be  a  party ;  to  controversies  between  two  or  more'  states ; 
between  a  state  and  citizens  of  another  state ;  between  citizens  of  differ- 
ent states ;  between  citizens  of  the  same  state  claiming  lands  under  grants 
of  different  states,  and  between  a  state  or  the  citizens  thereof,  and  foreign 
states,  citizens,  or  subjects. 

In  all  cases  affecting  ambassadors,  other  public  ministers,  and  consuls, 
and  those  in  which  a  state  shall  be  a  party,  the  Supreme  Court  shall  have 
original  jurisdiction. 

In  all  the  other  cases  before  mentioned,  the  Supreme  Court  shall 
have  appellate  jurisdiction,  both  as  to  law  and  fact,  with  such  exceptions 
and  under  such  regulations  as  the  Congress  shall  make. 

The  trial  of  all  crimes,  except  in  cases  of  impeachment,  shall  be  b^ 
jury  ;  and  such  trial  shall  be  held  in  the  state  where  the  said  crimes  shall 
have  been  committed ;  but  when  not  committed  within  any  state,  the 
trial  shall  be  at  such  place  or  places  as  the  Congress  may  by  law  have 
directed. 

Sec.  3.  ^  Treason  against  the  United  States  shall  consist  only  in  levy- 
ing war  against  them,  or  in  adhering  to  their  enemies,  giving  them  aid 
and  comfort.  No  person  shall  be  convicted  of  treason  unless  on  the  tes- 
timony of  two  witnesses  to  the  same  overt  act,  or  on  confession  in  open 
court. 

The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  declare  the  punishment  of  treason 
but  no  attainder  of  treason  shall  work  corruption  of  blood,  or  forfeiture 
except  during  the  life  of  the  person  attainted. 

Aeticle  IV. 

Section  1.  Full  faith  and  credit  shall  be  given  in  each  state  to  the 
public  acts,  records,  and  judicial  proceedings  of  every  other  state.     And 


AND   ITS    AMENDMENTS.  257 

the  Congress  may,  by  general  laws,  prescribe  the  manner  in  which  such 
acts,  records,  and  proceedings  shall  be  proved,  and  the  effect  thereof. 

Sec.  2.  The  citizens  of  each  state  shall  be  entitled  to  all  privileges 
and  immunities  of  citizens  in  the  several  states. 

A  person  charged  in  any  state  with  treason,  felony,  or  other  crime, 
who  shall  flee  from  justice  and  be  found  in  another  state,  shall,  on  demand 
of  the  executive  authority  of  the  state  from  which  he  fled,  be  delivered 
up,  to  be  removed  to  the  state  having  jurisdicl'.on  of  the  crime. 

No  person  held  to  service  or  labor  in  one  state,  under  the  laws  thereof 
escaping  into  another,  shall,  in  consequence  of  any  law  or  regulation 
therein,  be  discharged  from  such  service  or  labor,  but  shall  be  delivered 
np  on  the  claim  of  the  party  to  whom  such  service  or  labor  may  be  due. 

Sec.  3.  New  states  may  be  admitted  by  the  Congress  into  this  Union ; 
but  no  new  state  shall  be  formed  or  erected  within  the  jurisdiction  of  any 
Other  state ;  nor  any  state  be  formed  by  the  junction  of  two  or  more  states, 
or  parts  of  states,  without  the  consent  of  the  Legislatures  of  the  states 
concerned,  as  well  as  of  the  Congress. 

The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  dispose  of  and  make  all  needful 
rules  and  regulations  respecting  the  territory  or  other  property  belonging 
to  the  United  States  j  and  nothing  in  this  Constitution  shall  be  so  construed 
as  to  prejudice  any  claims  of  the  United  States  or  of  any  particular  state. 

Sec.  4.  The  United  States  shall  guarantee  to  every  state  in  this 
Union  a  republican  form  of  government,  and  shall  protect  each  of  them 
against  invasion,  and  on  application  of  the  Legislature,  or  of  the  Execu- 
tive (when  the  Legislature  can  not  be  convened),  against  domestic  vio- 
lence. 

Aeticle  V. 

The  Congress,  whenever  two-thirds  of  both  houses  shall  deem  it 
necessary,  shall  propose  amendments  to  this  Constitution,  or,  on  the  ap- 
plication of  the  Legislatures  of  two-thirds  of  the  several  states,  shall  call 
a  convention  for  proposing  amendments,  which,  in  either  case,  shall  be 
valid  to  all  intents  and  purposes  as  part  of  this  Constitution,  when  rati- 
fied by  the  Legislatures  of  three  fourths  of  the  several  states,  or  by  con- 
ventions in  three-fourths  thereof,  as  the  one  or  the  other  mode  of  ratifi- 
cation may  be  proposed  by  the  Congress.  Provided  that  no  amendment 
which  may  be  made  prior  to  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
eight  shall  in  any  manner  affect  the  first  and  fourth  clauses  jn  the  ninth 
section  of  the  first  article ;  and  that  no  state,  without  its  consent,  shall 
be  deprived  of  its  equal  suffrage  in  the  Senate. 

Article  VI. 

All  debts  contracted  and  engagements  entered  into  before  the  adop- 
tion of  this  Constitution  shaU  be  as  valid  against  the  United  States  under 
this  Constitution  as  under  the  Confederation.  ,.,,,,, 

This  Constitution,  and  the  laws  of  the  United  States  which  shall  be 
made  in  pursuance  thereof,  and  all  treaties  made,  or  which  shall  be  made, 
under  the  authority  of  the  United  States,  shall  be  the  supreme  law  of  the 
land ;  and  the  Judges  in  every  state  shall  be  bound  thereby,  anything  in 
the  Constitution  or  laws  of  any  state  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 

The  Senators  and  Representatives  before  mentioned,  and  the  mem- 


268 


CONSTITUTION   OF   THE   UNITED   STATES 


"bers  of  the  several  state  Legislatures,  and  all  executive  and  judicial  offi- 
cers, both  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  several  states,  shall  be  bound 
by  oath  or  affirmation  to  support  this  Constitution  ;  but  no  religious  test 
shall  ever  be  required  as  a  qualification  to  any  office  or  public  trust  under 
the  United  States. 

Aeticle  VII. 

The  ratification  of  the  Conventions  of  nine  states  shall  be  sufficient 
for  the  establishment  of  this  Constitution  between  the  states  so  ratifying 
the  same. 

Done  in  convention  by  the  unanimous  consent  of  the  states  present,  the 
seventeenth  day  of  September,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand 
seven  hundred  and  eighty-seven,  and  of  the  independence  of  the 
United  States  of  America  the  twelfth.  In  witness  whereof  we  have 
hereunto  subscribed  our  names. 

GEO.  WASHINGTON, 
President  and  Deputy  from  Virginia. 


New  Hampshire. 
John  Langdon, 
Nicholas  Gilman. 

Massachusetts. 
Nathaniel  Gobham, 
RuFus  King. 

Connecticut. 
Wm.  Sam'l  Johnson, 
Roger  Shekman. 

New  Torh. 
Alexander  Hamilton. 

New  Jersey. 
WiL.  Livingston, 
Wm.  Patekson, 
David  Beearley, 
JoNA.  Dayton. 

Pennsylvania. 
B.  Franklin, 
Robt.  Morris, 
Thos.  Fitzsevions, 
James  Wilson, 
Thos.  Mifflin, 
Geo.  Clymer, 
Jared  Ingersoll, 
Gouv.  Morris. 


Delaware. 
Geo.  Read, 
John  Dickinson, 
Jaco.  Broom, 
Gunning  Bedford,  Jr., 
Richard  Bassett. 

Maryland. 
James  M' Henry, 
Danl.  Carroll, 
Dan.  of  St.  Thos.  Jenifbe. 

Virginia. 
John  Blair, 
James  Madison,  Jr. 

North  Carolina. 
Wm.  Blount, 
Hu.  Williamson, 
Rich'd  Dobbs  Spaight. 

South  Carolina. 
J.  Rutledge, 
Charles  Pinckney, 

ChAS.  CoTESWORTH  PlNCKNSr, 

Pierce  Butler. 

Georgia. 
William  Few, 
Abe.  Baldwin. 

WILLIAM  JACKSON,  Secretary. 


AND   ITS  AMENDMENTS.  £59 


Aeticles  in  Addition  to  and  Amendatoet  op  the  Constitution 
OP  THE  United  States  op  Amekica. 

Proposed  by  Congress  and  ratified  ly  the  Legislatures  of  the  several  states, 
pursuant  to  the  fifth  article  of  the  original  Constitution. 

Akticlb  I. 

'(-"  t  Congress  shall  make  no  law  respecting  an  establishment  cf  religion, 
or  prohibiting  the  free  exercise  thereof;  or  abridging  the  freedom  of 
speech,  or  of  the  press;  or  the  right  of  the  people  peaceably  to  assemble, 
and  to  petition  the  Government  for  a  redress  of  grievances. 

Article  II. 

A  well  regulated  militia  being  necessary  to  the  security  of  a  free 
state,  the  right  of  the  people  to  keep  and  bear  arms  shall  not  be  infringed. 

Article  III. 

No  soldier  shall,  in  time  of  peace,  be  quartered  in  any  house  without 
the  consent  of  the  owner,  nor  in  time  of  war  but  in  a  manner  to  be  pre- 
scribed by  law. 

Article  IV.    , 

The  right  of  the  people  to  be  secure  in  their  persons,  houses,  papers, 
and  effects  against  unreasonable  searches  and  seizures,  shall  not  be  vio- 
lated ;  and  no  warrants  shall  issue  but  upon  probable  cause,  supported  by 
oath  or  affirmation,  and  particularly  describing  the  place  to  be  searched 
and  the  persons  or  things  to  be  seized. 

Article  V. 

No  person  shall  be  held  to  answer  for  a  capital  or  otherwise  infamous 
crime,  unless  on  a  presentment  or  indictment  of  a  Grand  Jury,  except  in 
cases  arising  in  the  land  or  naval  forces,  or  in  the  militia  when  in  actual 
service  in  time  of  war  or  public  danger  ;  nor  shall  any  person  be  subject 
for  the  same  offense  to  be  twice  put  in  jeopardy  of  life  or  limb ;  nor  shall 
be  compelled  in  any  criminal  case  to  be  a  witness  against  himself,  nor  be 
deprived  of  life,  liberty,  or  property,  without  due  process  of  law;  nor 
shall  private  property  be  taken  for  public  use,  without  just  compensation. 

Article  VI. 
In  all  criminal  prosecutions,  the  accused  shall  enjoy  the  right  to  a 
speedy  and  public  trial,  by  an  impartial  jury  of  the  state  and  district 
wherein  the  crime  shall  have  been  committed,  which  district  shall  have 
been  previously  ascertained  by  law,  and  to  be  informed  of  the  nature  and 
cause  of  the  accusation ;  to  be  confronted  with  the  witnesses  agaipst  him; 
to  have  compulsory  process  for  obtaining  witnesses  in  his»favor;  and  to 
have  the  assistance  of  counsel  for  his  defense. 

Article  VII. 
■  In  suits  at  common  law,  where  the  value  in  controversy  shall  exceed 
twenty  dollars,  the  right  of  trial  by  jury  shaU  be  preserved,  and  no  tact 


260  CONSTITUTION  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES 

tried  by  a  jury  shall  be  otherwise  re-examined  in  any  court  of  the  United 
States  than  according  to  the  rules  of  the  common  law. 

AUTICLB  VIII. 

Excessive  bail  shall  not  be  required,  nor  excessive  fines  imposed, 
nor  cruel  and  unusual  punishments  inflicted. 

Article  IX. 

The  enumeration,  in  the  Constitution,  of  certain  rights,  shall  not  be 
construed  to  deny  or  disparage  others  retained  by  the  people. 

Abticlb  X. 

The  powers  not  delegated  to  the  United  States  by  the  Constitution, 
nor  prohibited  by  it  to  the  states,  are  reserved  to  the  states  respectively, 
or  to  the  people. 

Article  XI. 

The  judicial  power  of  the  United  States  shall  not  be  construed  to 
extend  to  any  suit  in  law  or  equity  commenced  or  prosecuted  against  one 
of  the  United  States  by  citizens  of  another  state,  or  by  citizens  or  sub- 
jects of  any  foreign  state. 

Aeticle  XII. 

The  Electors  shall  meet  in  their  respective  states  and  vote  by  ballot 
for  President  and  Vice-President,  one  of  whom,  at  least,  shall  not  be  an 
inhabitant  of  the  same  state  with  themselves ;  they  shall  name  in  their 
ballots  the  person  to  be  voted  for  as  president,  and  in  distinct  ballots  the 
person  voted  for  as  Vice-President,  and  they  shall  make  distinct  lists  of 
all  persons  voted  for  as  President,  and  of  all  persons  voted  for  as  Vice- 
President,  and  of  the  number  of  votes  for  each,  which  list  they  shall  sign 
and  certify,  and  transmit  sealed  to  the  seat  of  the  government  of  the  United 
States,  directed  to  the  President  of  the  Senate.  The  President  of  the 
Senate  shall,  in  presence  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives, 
open  all  the  certificates,  and  the  votes  shall  then  be  counted.  The  person 
having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  for  President  shall  be  the  President, 
if  such  number  be  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  of  Electors  appointed ; 
and  if  no  person  have  such  majority,  then  <  from  the  persons  having  the 
highest  number  not  exceeding  three  on  the  list  of  those  voted  for  as 
President,  the  House  of  Representatives  shall  choose  immediately,  by 
ballot,  the  President.  But  in  choosing  the  President,  the  votes  shall  be 
taken  by  States,  the  representation  from  each  state  having  one  vote;  a 
quorum  for  this  purpose  shall  consist  of  a  member  or  members  from  two- 
thirds  of  the  states,  and  a  majority  of  all  the  states  shall  be  necessary  to 
a  choice.  And  if  the  House  of  Representatives  shall  not  choose  a  Presi- 
dent whenever  the  right  of  choice  shall  devolve  upon  them,  before  the 
fourth  day  of  March  next  following,  then  the  Vice-President  shall  act  as 
President,  as  in  the  case  of  the  death  or  other  constitutional  disability  of 
the  President.  The  person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  as  Vice- 
President,  shall  be  the  Vice-President,  if  such  number  be  the  majority 
of  the  whole  number  of  electors  appointed,  and  if  no  person  have  a  major- 


Missing  Page 


Missing  Page 


AKD  ITS  AMENDMENTS.  263 

ity;  then  from  the  two  highest  numbers  on  the  list,  the  Senate  shall  choose 
the  Vice-President ;  a  quorum  for  the  purpose  shall  consist  of  two-thirds 
of  the  whole  number  of  Senators,  and  a  majority  of  the  whole  number 
shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice.  But  no  person  constitutionally  ineligible 
to  the  office  of  President  shall  be  eligible  to  that  of  Vice-President  of  the 
United  States. 

Article  XIII. 

Section  1.  Neither  slavery  nor  involuntary  servitude,  except  as  a 
punishment  for  crime,  whereof  the  party  shall  have  been  duly  convicted, 
shall  exist  within  the  United  States,  or  any  place  subject  to  their  juris- 
diction. 

Sec.  2.  Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce  this  article  by  appro- 
priate legislation. 

Article  XIV. 

Section  1.  All  persons  born  or  naturalized  in  the  United  States  and 
subject  to  the  jurisdiction  thereof,  are  citizens  of  the  United  States,  and 
of  the  state  wherein  they  reside.  No  state  shall  make  or  enforce  any  law 
which  shall  abridge  the  privileges  or  immunities  of  citizens  of  the  United 
States;  nor  shall  any  state  deprive  any  person  of  life,  liberty,  or  property, 
without  due  process  of  law,  nor  deny  to  any  person  within  its  jurisdiction 
the  equal  protection  of  the  laws. 

Sec.  2.  Representatives  shall  be  appointed  among  the  several  states 
according  to  their  respective  numbers,  counting  the  whole  number  of  per- 
sons in  each  state,  excluding  Indians  not  taxed ;  but  when  the  right  to 
vote  at  any  election  for  the  choice  of  Electors  for  President  and  Vice- 
President  of  the  United  States,  Representatives  in  Congress,  the  execu- 
tive and  judicial  officers  of  a  state,  or  the  members  of  the  Legislature 
thereof,  is  denied  to  any  of  the  male  inhabitants  of  such  state,  being 
twenty-one  years  of  age  and  citizens  of  the  United  States,  or  in  any  way 
abridged  except  for  participation  in  rebellion  or  other  crimes,  the  basis  of 
representation  therein  shall  be  reduced  in  the  proportion  which  the  num- 
ber of  such  male  citizens  shall  bear  to  the  whole  number  of  male  citizens 
twenty-one  years  of  age  in  such  state. 

Sec.  3.  No  person  shall  be  a  Senator  or  Representative  in  Congress, 
or  Elector  of  President  and  Vice-President,  or  hold  any  office,  civil  or 
military,  under  the  United  States,  or  imder  any  state,  who,  having  previ- 
ously taken  an  oath  as  a  Member  of  Congress,  or  as  an  officer  of  the 
United  States,  or  as  a  member  of  any  state  Legislature,  or  as  an  execu- 
tive or  judicial  officer  of  any  state  to  support  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States,  shall  have  engaged  in  insurrection  or  rebellion  against  the 
same,  or  given  aid  or  comfort  to  the  enemies  thereof.  But  Congress  may 
by  a  vote  of  two-thirds  of  each  house,  remove  such  disability. 

Sec.  4.  The  validity  of  the  public  debt  of  the  United  States  author- 
ized by  law,  including  debts  incurred  for  payment  of  pensions  and  boun- 
ties for  services  in  suppressing  insurrection  or  rebellion,  shall  not  be  ques- 
tioned. But  neither  the  United  States  nor  any  state  shall  pay  any  debt 
or  obligation  incurred  in  the  aid  of  insurrection  or  rebellion  against  the 
United  States,  or  any  loss  or  emancipation  of  any  slave,  but  such  debts, 
obligations,  and  claims  shall  be  held  illegal  and  void. 


264 


CONSTITUTION   OF   THE    UNITED    STATES. 


Article  XV. 

Section  1.  The  right  of  citizens  of  the  United  States  to  vote  shall  not 
be  denied  or  abridged  by  the  United  States,  or  by  any  State,  on  account  of 
race,  color,  or  previous  condition  of  servitude. 

VOTE  FOR  GOVERNOR,  1877,  AND  PRESIDENT,  1876. 


Counties. 

1877. 
Governor. 

1876. 
President. 

Counties. 

1877. 
Governor. 

1S76. 
President. 

Eep. 

Dem. 

Gr. 

Pro. 

Bep. 

Dem. 

Eep. 

Dem. 

Gr. 

Pro. 

Eep. 

Dem. 

982 

876 
1647 
1166 

410 
1432 
1780 
1612 
1180 
1290 

747 
1453 

418 

633 
1592 
1315 

903 

662 
1279 
1064 

617 
1873 
2444 

898 
1541 

893 
1269 
1226 
2316 

197 
1687 

213 
1933 
1233 
1311 
1260 
1031 

909 
1160 

842 

340 
1492 
1348 
1770 

661 

382 

321 
1132 
1619 
1977 
1396 

161 

397 

1540 

1049 

352 

712 

nil 

981 
682 
769 
192 
768 
75 
744 
839 

1093 

348 

74 

1107 
267 
16 

1770 

2327 
651 
215 

1231 
961 

1143 

1384 
8 

3415 
28 

1067 
208 
336 

1331 
216 
604 
496 
265 
95 
661 
86) 
424 
647 
149 
64 

1120 

1906 

1164 

7.'!3 

581 
486 

69 
729 

26 
667 

95 
466 
196 
725 
161 

19 
171 
141 
116 
206 

72 
383 

37 
813 

20 

66 
286 

19 
1241 
803 
3III 

32 
767 

15 
38 
36 
32 

1334 
1376 
1709 
1711 

427 
2901 
2979 
2018 
1737 
2227 

770 
1828 

622 

799 
1876 
2328 
1274 

864 
1574 
1405 

567 
2662 
3654 
1043 
2136 
1586 
1647 
2233 
3325 

259 
2798 

246 
3029 
2032 
1178 
1658 
1310 
1099 
1434 
1187 

281 
2152 
1657 
2809 

'41 

212 
1870 
2126 
3376 
2166 

593 

626 

1646 

1419 

352 

1356 

1692 

1305 

757 

1416 

200 

780 

196 

771 

979 

1446 

448 

176 

1090 

816 

94 

2621 

3398 

638 

762 

1631 

1282 

1466 

2917 

48 

4977 

36 

1709 

761 

379 

1682 

610 

417 

629 

425 

99 

980 

1386 

1486 

600 

183 

57 

1348 

2486 

1804 

1449 

1884 

1868 

1772 

463 

2157 

2624 

1328 

1203 

261 

1792 

1823 

1976 

1448 

1435 

1396 

680 

1034 

1122 

1763 

306 

295 

1166 

311 

779 

370 

3171 

2223 

1496 

964 

656 

3031 

888 

436 

1260 

1426 

1325 

899 

1490 

17  iO 

1726 

1687 

1316 

860 

544 

2074 

1109 

628 

391 

2345 

1218 

1526 

236 

2863 

2316 

817 

804 

17 

1077 

1086 

1866 

837 

1102 

459 

119 

928 

441 

1776 

21 

40 

60S 

357 

487 

93 

1885 

2069 

882 

71 

128 

1903 

639 

132 

344 

833 

293 

616 

1305 

1029 

944 

1221 

832 

127 

40 

1009 

867 

132 

166 

18 

14 

322 

13 

360 

75 

89 

103 

9 

616 

1011 

760 

3S9 

98 

85 

432 

247 

632 

171 

201 

13 

348 

273 
68 

105 
89 

299 

685 

108 
12 
14 
66 

696 
95 

504 
28 
36 
9 
20 
47 

387 
14 
33 
.      293 
3 
39 
30 
94 

121 

346 
47 
13 
37 
16 

2346 

2591 

2364 

638 

3160 

4331 

1920 

1478 

262 

2246 

3221 

2736 

3056 

1452 

1663 

713 

1418 

1749 

2623 

4G3 

329 

,2243 

343 

835 

374 

4321 

2506 

3503 

Jones  

1763 

Keokuk  

1862 
227 

Appanoose 

Kossuth 

449 

244 

10 

1 

223 
20 
96 
74 
11 
30 

446 
40 
86 
94 
19 
67 

167 
66 

111 
80 
12 
19 

525 

6 

12 

53 

2917 
1008 
1044 

Black  Hawk 

Lucas 

■D 

46 
1538 

1701 
2304 
1189 

MarshaU 

Mills 

1165 

Cass    

Mitchell 

671 

304 

1246 

Montgomery 

759 

2075 

Clark 

116 

59 

Page 

861 

Palo  Alto 

833 

77 
44 

1353 
218 
420 
671 
177 
309 
3 
49 
644 
196 
868 
830 
301 

1266 
742 
303 
404 

1421 

602 

Dallas 

Pocahontas 

Polk 

141 

2382 

Pottawattamie.... 

2414 

2509     108S 

Des  Moines 

1246 
661 
3819 
897 
439 
1843 
2337 
'1727 
1238 
2113 

422 

Sac 

1S6 

406 

2863 

Shelby   

631 

889 
162 
16 
334 
561 

27 
30 
10 

220 

Floyd 

Story 

187 
133 

579 

1317 

676 

27 
8 

21 

67 

2 

164 

19 
140 
619 

64 

63 
130 
296 
101 
112 
8 

47 

795 

1661 

304 
422 
29 
238 
623 

1041 
201 
115 
104 
642 
224 

1018 
676 

Wapello 

2682     2412 

2439 

2467 

1692 

1299 

498 

27.i9 

1034 

703 

674 

1316 

Washington 

Wayne  

1608 

1341 

987 

Winnebago 

Winneshiek 

39 

279 

226 

8 

117 

238 

9 

14 

98 

1617 

997 

Ida, 

Worth 

149 

228 

15 

268 

100 

Wright 

184 

Totals 

121646 
42103 

79353 

3422f 

10639 

171335 
69211 

112121 

Jefferson 

Majorities 

Total  vote,  1877,  246,766,  1876  (inoluding5949  Greenback),  292,943. 


VOTE  FOR  CONGRESSMEN,  1876. 


District. 

Kip. 

Dem. 

E.  Maj. 

Total. 

Maj.  '74. 

District. 

Eep. 

Dem. 

E.  Maj. 

Total. 

Mbj.  '74. 

I  

17188 
10439 
17423 
20770 
19274 
18778 

14814 
14683 
16100 
9379 
11164 
14719 

2374 
1766 
1323 
11391 
8120 
4059 

32002 
31122 
33623 
30149 
30428 
33497 

D.  1863 
B.    667 

D.  63 

E.  3824 
E.6243 
E.  2724 

VII 

19406 
19368 
19563 

11688 
15236 
10683 

7808 
4122 
8980 

31184 
34594 
30146 

II   

VIII  

E.  2127 

Ill 

IX 

E  6849 

IV 

V 

168289 

118366 

49933 

*292111 

VI 

Total  vote,  1874, 184,640 ;  aggregate  Eepublican  majority,  24,624.    *Including  5,466  Greenback  votes. 


Practical  Rules  for  Every  Day  Use. 


Sow  to  find  the  gain  or  loss  per  cent,  when  the  cost  and  selling  price 
are  given. 

Rule. — Find  the  difference  between  the  cost  and  selling  price,  which 
will  be  the  gain  or  loss. 

Annex  two  ciphers  to  the  gain  or  loss,  and  divide  it  by  the  cost 
price  ;  the  result  will  be  the  gain  or  loss  per  cent. 

How  to  change  gold  into  currency. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  given  sum  of  gold  by  the  price  of  gold. 

How  to  change  currency  into  gold. 

Divide  the  amount  in  currency  by  the  price  of  gold. 

How  to  find  each  partner'' s  share  of  the  gain  or  loss  in  a  copartnership 
business. 

Rule. — Divide  the  whole  gain  or  loss  by  the  entire  stock,  the  quo- 
tient will  be  the  gain  or  loss  per  cent. 

Multiply  each  partner's  stock  by  this  per  cent.,  the  result  will  be 
each  one's  share  of  the  gain  or  loss. 

How  to  find  gross  and  net  weight  and  price  of  hogs. 

A  short  and  simple  method  for  finding  the  net  weight,  or  price  of  hogs, 
when  the  gross  weight  or  price  is  given,  and  vice  versa. 

NOTB.-It  Is  generally  assumed  that  the  gross  weight  of  Hogs  diminished  Dy  1-5  or  20  per  cent, 
of  itself  gSTes  the  net  weight,  and  the  net  weight  increased  by  a  or  25  per  cent,  of  itself  equals  the 
gross  weigBt. 

To  find  the  net  weight  or  gross  price. 
Multiply  the  given  number  by  .8  (tenths.) 
To  find  the  gross  weight  or  net  price. 
Divide  the  given  number  by  .8  (tenths.) 
How  to  find  the  capacity  of  a  granary,  bin,  or  wagon-bed. 
Rule.— Multiply  (by  short  method)  the   number  of  cubic  feet  by 
6308,  and  point  off  ONE  decimal  place— the  result  will  be  the  correct 
nswer  in  bushels  and  tenths  of  a  bushel. 

For  only  an  approximate  answer,  multiply  the  cubic  feet  by  8,  and 

point  off  one  decimal  place. 

How  to  find  the  contents  of  a  corn-crib. 

RULE.-Multiply  the  number  of  cubic  feet  by  54,  short  method,  or 

(265) 


266  MISCELLAKEOirS   INFORMATION. 

by  4i  ordinary  method,  and  point  off  one  decimal  place— the  result  will 
be  the  answer  in  bushels. 

NOTB.-In  estimating  corn  in  the  ear,  the  quality  and  the  time  it  has  been  cribbed  must  be  taken 
into  consideration,  since  corn  will  shrink  considerably  during  the  Winter  and  Spring.  This  rule  generally  holdB 
good  for  corn  measured  at  the  time  it  is  cribbed,  provided  it  is  souud  and  clean. 

How  to  find  the  contents  of  a  cistern  or  tank. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  square  of  the  mean  diameter  by  the  depth  (all 
in  feet)  and  this  product  by  5681  (short  method),  and  point  off  OKB 
decimal  place — ^the  result  will  be  the  contents  in  barrels  of  31i  gallons. 

Sow  to  find  the  contents  of  a  larrel  or  cask. 

Rule. — Under  the  square  of  the  mean  diameter,  write  the  length 
(all  in  inches)  in  EBVEBe^D  order,  so  that  its  units  will  fall  under  the 
TENS ;  multiply  by  short  method,  and  this  product  again  by  430 ;  point 
off  one  decimal  place,  and  the  result  w*ll  be  the  answer  in  wine  gallons. 

How  to  measure  hoards. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  length  (in  feet)  by  the  width  (in  inches)  and 
divide  the  product  by  12 — the  result  will  be  the  contents  in  square  feet. 

How  to  measure  scantlings,  joists,  planks,  sills,  etc. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  width,  the  thictness,  and  the  length  together 
(the  width  and  thickness  in  inches,  and  the  length  in  feet),  and  divide 
the  product  by  12 — the  result  will  be  square  feet.  / 

How  to  find  the  number  of  acres  in  a  hody  of  land. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  length  by  the  width  (in  rods),  and  divide  the 
product  by  160  (carrying  the  division  to  2  decimal  places  if  there  is  a 
remainder)  ;  the  result  will  be  the  answer  in  acres  and  hundredths. 

When  the  opposite  sides  of  a  piece  of  land  are  of  unequal  length, 
add  them  together  and  take  one-half  for  the  mean  length  or  width. 

How  to  find  the  number  of  square  yards  in  a  floor  or  wall. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  length  by  the  width  or  height  (in  feet),  and 
divide  the  product  by  9,  the  result  will  be  square  yards. 

How  to  find  the  number  of  bricks  required  in  a  building. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  number  of  cubic  feet  by  22i. 

The  number  of  cubic  feet  is  found  by  multiplying  the  length,  height 
nd  thickness  (in  feet)  together. 

Bricks  are  usually  made  8  inches  long,  4  inches  wide,  and  two  inches 
thick  ;  hence,  it  requires  27  bricks  to  make  a  cubic  foot  without  mortar, 
but  it  is  generally  assumed  that  the  mortar  fills  1-6  of  the  space. 

How  to  find  the  number  of  shingles  required  in  a  roof. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  number  of  square  feet  in  the  roof  by  8,  if  the 
shingles  are  exposed  4^  inches,  or  by  7  1-5  if  exposed  6  inches. 

To  find  the  number  of  square  feet,  multiply  the  length  of  the  roof  by 
twice  the  length  of  the  rafters. 


MISCELLANEOTJS   INFORMATION.  267 

To  find  the  length  of  the  rafters,  at  one-fourth  pitch,  multiply  the 
■width  of  the  building  by  .56  (hundredths) ;  at  one-third  pitch,  by  ,6 
(tenths)  ;  at  two-fifths  pitch,  by  .64  (hundredths) ;  at  one-half 
pitch,  by  .71  (hundredths).  This  gives  .the  length  of  the  rafters  from 
the  apex  to  the  end  of  the  wall,  and  whatever  they  are  to  project  must  be 
taken  into  consideration. 

NOTE.— By  Ji  or  K  pitch  is  meant  that  tlie  apex  or  comb  of  thereof  istobeXorJi  the  width  of  the 
building  higher  than  the  walls  or  base  of  the  ratters. 

How  to  reckon  the  cost  of  hay. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  number  of  pounds  by  half  the  price  per  ton, 
and  remove  the  decimal  point  three  places  to  the  left. 

How  to  measure  grain. 

Rule. — Level  the  grain ;  ascertain  the  space  it  occupies  in  cubic 
feet ;  multiply  the  number  of  cubic  feet  by  8,  and  point  off  one  place  to 
the  left. 

NOTB.— Exactness  requires  the  addition  to  every  three  hundred  bushels  of  one  extra  bushel. 

The  foregoing  rule  may  be  used  for  finding  the  number  of  gallons,  by 
multiplying  the  number  of  bushels  by  8. 

If  the  corn  in  the  box  is  in  the  ear,  divide  the  answer  by  2,  to  find 
the  number  of  bushels  of  shelled  corn,  because  it  requires  2  bushels  of  eai 
corn  to  make  1  of  shelled  corn. 

Rapid  rules  for  measuring  land  without  instruments. 
In  measuring  land,  the  first  thing  to  ascertain  is  the  contents  of  any 
given  plot  in  square  yards ;  then,  given  the  number  of  yards,  find  out  the 
number  of  rods  and  acres. 

The  most  ancient  and  simplest  measure  of  distance  is  a  step.  Now, 
an  ordinary-sized  man  can  train  himself  to  cover  one  yard  at  a  stride,  on 
the  average,  with  suf&cient  accuracy  for  ordinary  purposes. 

To  make  use  of  this  means  of  measuring  distances,  it  is  essential  to 
walk  in  a  straight  line  ;  to  do  this,  fix  the  eye  on  two  objects  in  a  line 
straight  ahead,  one  comparatively  near,  the  other  remote  ;  and,  in  walk- 
ing, keep  these  objects  constantly  in  line. 

Farmers  and  others  hy  adopting  the  following  simple  and  ingenious  con- 
trivance, may  always  carry  with  them  the  scale  to  construct  a  correct  yard 
measure. 

Take  a  foot  rule,  and  commencing  at  the  base  of  the  little  finger  ol 
the  left  hand,  mark  the  quarters  of  the  foot  on  the  outer  borders  of  the 
left  arm,  pricking  in  the  marks  with  indelible  ink. 

To  find  how  many  rods  in  length  will  make  an  acre,  the  width  being  given. 
RUXE.— Divide  160  by  the  width,  and  the  quotient  will  be  the  answer. 


268  MISCELLANEOrrS  INFORMATION. 

How  to  find  the  number  of  acres  in  any  plot  of  land,  the  number  of  rods 
being  given. 

Rule. — Divide  the  number  of  rods  by  8,  multiply  the  quotient  by  5, 
and  remove  the  decimal  point  two  places  to  the  left. 

The  diameter  being  given,  to  find  the  circumference. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  diameter  by  3  1-7. 

How  to  find  the  diameter,  when  the  dreumference  is  given. 

Rule. — Divide  the  circumference  by  3  1-7. 

To  find  how  many  solid  feet  a  round  stick  of  timber  of  the  same  thick- 
ness throughout  will  contain  when  squared. 

Rule. — Square  half  the  diameter  in  inches,  multiply  by  2,  multiply 
by  the  length  in  feet,  and  divide  the  producl^  by  144. 

General  rule  for  measuring  timber,  to  find  the  solid  contents  in  feet. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  depth  in' inches  by  the  breadth  in  inches,  and 
then  multiply  by  the  length  in  feet,  and  divide  by  144. 

To  find  the  number  of  feet  of  timber  in  trees  with  the  bark  on. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  square  of  one-fifth  of  the  circumference  in 
inches,  by  twice  the  length,  in  feet,  and  divide  by  144.  Deduct  1-10  to 
1-15  according  to  the  thickness  of  the  bark. 

Howard's  new  rule  for  computing  interest. 

Rule. — The  reciprocal  of  the  rate  is  the  time  for  which  the  interest 
on  any  sum  of  money  will  be  shown  by  simply  removing  the  decimal 
point  two  places  to  the  left ;  for  ten  times  that  time,  remove  the  point 
one  place  to  the  left ;  for  1-10  of  the  same  time,  remove  the  point  three 
places  to  the  left. 

Increase  or  diminish  the  results  to  suit  the  time  given. 

Note.— The  reciprocal  of  the  rate  is  found  by  inverting:  the  rate  ;  thus  3  per  cent,  per  month,  In- 
verted, becomes  3^  of  a  month,  or  10  days. 

When  the  rate  is  expressed  by  one  figure,  always  write  it  thus :  3-1, 

three  ones. 

Hulefor  converting  English  into  American  currency.    ' 

Multiply  the  pounds,  with  the  shillings  and  pence  stated  in  decimals, 

by  400  plus  the  premium  in  fourths,  and  divide  the  product  by  90. 

U.  S.  GOVERNMENT  LAND  MEASURE. 

A  township — 86  sections  each  a  mile  square. 
A  section — 640  acres. 

A  quarter  section,  half  a  mile  square — 160  acres. 
An  eighth  section,  half  a  mile  long,  north  and  south,  and  a  quarter 
of  a  mile  wide — 80  acres. 

A  sixteenth  section,  a  quarter 'bf  a  mile  square — 40  acres. 


MISCELLANEOUS   INFORMATION.  269 

The  sections  are  all  numbered  1  to  36,  commencing  at  the  north-east 
corner. 

The  sections  are  divided  into  quarters,  which  are  named  by  the 
cardinal  points.  The  quarters  are  divided  in  the  same  way.  The  de- 
scription of  a  forty  acre  lot  would  read :  The  south  half  of  the  west  half  of 
the  south-west  quarter  of  section  1  in  township  24,  north  of  range  7  west, 
or  as  the  case  might  be ;  and  sometimes  will  fall  short  and  sometimes 
overrun  the  number  of  acres  it  is  supposed  to  contain. 

The  nautical  mile  is  795  4-5  feet  longer  than  the  common  mile. 

SURVEYORS'  MEASURE. 

7  92-100  inches .- make  1  link. 

25  links "     1  rod. 

4rods "     1  chain. 

80  chains "     1  mile. 

Note. — A  chain  is  100  links,  equal  to  4  rods  or  66  feet. 

Shoemakers  formerly  used  a  subdivision  of  the  inch  called  a  barley- 
corn ;  three  of  which  made  an  inch. 

Horses  are  measured  directly  over  the  fore  feet,  and  the  standard  of 
measure  is  four  inches — called  a  hand. 

In  Biblical  and  other  old  measurements,  the  term  span  is  sometimes 
used,  which  is  a  length  of  nine  inches. 

The  sacred  cubit  of  the  Jews  was  24.024  inches  in  length. 

The  common  cubit  of  the  Jews  was  21.704  inches  in  length. 

A  pace  is  equal  to  a  yard  or  36  inches. 

A  fathom  is  equal  to  6  feet. 

A  league  is  three  miles,  but  its  length  is  variable,  for  it  is  strictly 
speaking  a  nautical  term,  and  should  be  three  geographical  miles,  equal 
to  3.45  statute  miles,  but  when  used  on  land,  three  statute  miles  are  said 
to  be  a  league. 

In  cloth  measure  an  aune  is  equal  to  li  yards,  or  45  inches. 

An  Amsterdam  ell  is  equal  to  26.796  inches. 

A  Trieste  ell  is  equal  to  25.284  inches. 

A  Brabant  ell  is  equal  to  27.116  inches. 

HOW  TO  KEEP  ACCOUNTS. 

Every  farmer  and  mechanic,  whether  he  does  much  or  little  business, 
should  keep  a  record  of  his  transactions  in  a  clear  and  systematic  man- 
ner. For  the  benefit  of  those  who  have  not  had  the  opportunity  of  ac- 
quiring a  primary  knowledge  of  the  principles  of  book-keeping,  we  here 
present  a  simple  form  of  keeping  accounts  which  is  easily  comprehended, 
and  well  adapted  to  record  the  business  transactions  of  farmers,  mechanics 
and  laborers,    y 


270 


MISCELLASIEOTJS   INPOEMATION. 


1875. 


A.  H.  JACKSON. 


Dr. 


Cr. 


Jan. 

10 

a 

17 

Feb. 

4 

U 

4 

Marcb 

8 

u 

8 

ii 

13 

a 

27 

April 

9 

a 

9 

May 

6 

ti 

24 

July 

4 

To  7  bushels  Wheat ...at  $1.35 

By  shoeing  span  of  Horses 

To  14  bushels  Oats at  $  .45 

To  6  lbs.  Butter. at      .35 

By  new  Harrow 

By  sharpening  3  Plows 

By  new  Double-Tree 

To  Cow  and  Calf 

To  half  ton  of  Hay 

By  Cash 

By  repairing  Corn-Planter 

To  one  Sow  with  Pigs 

By  Cash,  to  balance  account _ 


48 
6 


17 


50 


05 


18 
2 


35 
4 

35 


50 


00 
40 

25 


00 

75 

15 


05 


1875. 


CASS  A   MASON. 


Dr. 


Cr. 


March  31 

H 

31 

a 

33 

May 

11 

1 
1 

June 

19 

tt 

36 

July 

10 
39 

Aug. 
(I 

13 
13 

Sept.      1 


By  3  days'  labor at  $1.35 

To  3  Shoats at    3.00 

To  18  bushels  Corn. at      .45 

By  1  month's  Labor 

To  Cash... '_'"_'_ 

By  8  days'  Mowing at  $"1.50 

To  50  lbs.  Flour 

To  37  lbs.  Meat at  $  .10 

By  9  days'  Harvesting at-   3.00 

By  6  days' Labor at    1.50 

To  Cash 

To  Cash  to  balance  account 


8 

10 

3 
3 


30 
18 


75 


$3 

35 
13 


18 
9 


167 


75 

00 
00 


00 
00 


75 


INTEREST  TABLE. 

A  SiMPLB  Bulb  for  Accurately  Computino   Iwterbst  at  Ant  Given  Pbr  Cent    for  Any 

Length  of  Time. 
Multiply  the  principal  Camqunt  of  money  at  Interest)  by  the  time  reduced  to  days;  then  divide  this  proelnet 
bytheguoHemtobtalnea  by  dividing  860  (the  number  of  days  In  the  interestyearJbV  the  eer  cent  o£  interest 
aadt/ie  quotient  thus  obtcti/ned  will  be  the  required  interest,  .»       ^    j        ^  .» 

illustration.  Solution. 

$483.50 
.48 

--„     -^  , _j   _  ^ —  . — St) jjives 60,  and  

00  divided  by  60  will  give  you  the  exact  Interest,  which  is  S8.70,    Itthe  rate  of  370000 

Interest  in  the  above  example  were  12  per  cent,,  we  would  divide  the  $233,0000  bv  30  ki^ro  \  i  ai^nnn 
(because  360  divided  by  13  gives  30);  U  4  per  cent.,  we  would  divide  by  90:  If  8  per  li^  1  ^°°""" 
cent,,  b7  45:  and  in  nice  manner  tor  any  otber  per  cent,  60y$322  0000($8.7a 

180' 

420 
420 


Kequiretheinterestof  $463,50  for  one  month  and  eighteen  days  at  6  per  cent.  An 
interest  month  is  80  days ;  one  month  and  eighteen  days  equal  48  days,  $463.50  multi- 
pUedby.48^give3_$222^000q;  360  divided  by  6_(the  perjient,  of  interest)^ives60,  and 


00 

MISCELLANEOUS  TABLE. 

12  units,  or  things,  1  Dozen.  1196  pounds,  1  Barrel  of  Flour.  I  34  sheets  of  paper,  1  Quire. 

13  dozen,  1  Gross.  300  pounds,  1  Barrel  of  Porli.     20  quires  paper  1  Beam, 

20  things,  1  Score.  |  56  pounds,  1  Flrliln  of  Butter,  |  4  ft,  wide,  4  r.  high,  and  8  ft.  long,  1  Cord  Wood. 


MISCELLANEOUS  USTPORMATION. 


271 


NAMES  OF  THE  STATES  OF  THE  UNION,  AND  THEIR  SIGNIFICATIONS. 

Virginia. — The  oldest  of  the  States,  was  so  called  in  honor  of  Queen 
Elizabeth,  the  "Virgin  Queen,"  in  whose  reign  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  made 
his  first  attempt  to  colonize  that  region. 

Florida. — Ponce  de  Leon  landed  on  the  coast  of  Florida  on  Easter 
Sunday,  and  called  the  country  in  commemoration  of  the  day,  which  was 
the  Pasqua  Florida  of  the  Spaniards,  or  "  Feast  of  Flowers." 

Louisiana  was  called  after  Louis  the  Fourteenth,  who  at  one  time 
owned  that  section  of  the  country, 

Alabama  was  so  named  by  the  Indians,  and  signifies  "  Here  we  Rest." 
Mississippi  is  likewise  an  Indian  name,  meaning  "  Long  River." 
Arkansas,  from  Kansas,  the  Indian  word  for  "smoky  water."     Its 

prefix  was  really  arc,  the  French  word  for  "  bow." 

The  Carolinas  were  originally  one  tract,  and  were  called  "Carolana," 

after  Charles  the  Ninth  of  France. 

Creorgia  owes  its  name  to  George  the  Second  of  England,  who  first 
established  a  colony  there  in  1732. 

Tennessee  is  the  Indian  name  for  the  "  River  of  the  Bend,"  i.  e.,  the 
Mississippi  which  forms  its  western  boundary. 

Kentucky  is  the  Indian  name  for  "  at  the  head  of  the  river." 

Ohio  means  "  beautiful ;  "  Iowa,  "  drowsy  ones ;  "  Minnesota,  "  cloudy 
water,"  and  Wisconsin,  "wild-rushing  channel." 

Illinois  is  derived  from  the  Indian  word  illini,  men,  and  the  French 
suffix  ois,  together  signifying  "tribe  of  men." 

Michigan  was  called  by  the  name  given  the  lake,  fish-weir,  which  was 
so  styled  from  its  fancied  resemblance  to  a  fish  trap. 

Missouri  is  from  the  Indian  word  "  muddy,"  which  more  properly 
applies  to  the  river  that  flows  through  it. 

Oregon  owes  its  Indian  name  also  to  its  principal  river. 

Cortes  named  California. 

Massachusetts  is  the  Indian  for  "  The  country  around  the  great  hills." 

Connecticut,  from    the    Indian    Quon-ch-ta-Cut,    signifying   "Long 

River." 

Maryland,  after  Henrietta  Maria,  Queen  of  Charles  the   First,  6f 

England. 

New  York  was  named  by  the  Duke  of  York. 

Pennsylvania  means  "  Penn's  woods,"  and  was  so  called  after  WUliam 
Penn,  its  orignal  owner. 


272 


MISCELLANEOUS   INPOKMATION. 


Delaware  after  Lord  De  La  Ware. 

New  Jersey,  so  called  in  honor  of  Sir  George  Carteret,  who  was 
Oovernor  of  the  Island  of  Jersey,  in  the  British  Channel. 

Maine  was  called  after  the  province  of  Maine  in  France,  in  compli- 
ment of  Queen  Henrietta  of  England,  who  owned  that  province. 

Vermont,  from  the  French  word  Vert  Mont,  signifying  Green 
Mountain. 

New  Sampshire,  from  Hampshire  county  in  England.  It  was 
formerly  called  Laconia. 

The  little  State  of  Rhode  Island  owes  its  name  to  the  Island  of 
Rhodes  in  the  Mediterranean,  which  domain  it  is  said  to  greatly 
resemble. 

Texas  is  the  American  word  fdr  the  Mexican  name  by  which  all  that 
section  of  the  country  was  called  before  it  was  ceded  to  the  United  States. 


POPULATION  OF  THE 
UNITED  STATES. 


States  and  Territories, 

Alabama 

Arkansas 

<3allf  ornla 

Connecticut.,  t 

Delaware 

Tlorlda 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Xouisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts — 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

.Mississippi 

Missouri.. .w. 

Nebraska.... 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire 

New  Jersey 

New  York 

North  Carolina 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Bhode  Island 

'South  Carolina 

Tennessee 

'Texas 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Total  states 

Arizona 

■Colorada 

Dakota 

District  of  Columbia 

Idaho 

Montana 

New  Mexico 

Utah 

Washington 

Wyoming 

Total  Territories 

Total  United  States 


Total 
Population. 


996. 992 

484, 471 

560,847 

537,454 

125,015 

187,748 

1.184,109 

2,539,891 

1,680,637 

1,191,792 

364,399 

1,321,011 

726,915 

626,915 

780,894 

1,457,351 

1,184,059 

439,706 

827,922 

1,721,295 

122,993 

42,491 

318,300 

906.096 

4,382.759 

1,071,361 

2,665,260 

90,923 

3,521,791 

217,353 

705,606 

1,258,520 

818,579 

330,551 

1,225,163 

442,014 

1,054,670 


38,113,253 


9,658 
39,864 
14,181 
131.700 
14,999 
20,595 
91,874 
86,786 
23,955 

9,118 


442,730 


38,555,983 


POPULATION  OF  FIFTY" 
PRINCIPAL  CITIES. 


Cities. 


New  Tork,  N.  T 

Philadelphia,  Pa. . . . 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

Chicago,  111 

Baltimore,  Md 

Boston,  mass 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 

New  Orleans,  La.  .. 
San  Francisco,  Cal.. 

Buffalo,  N.  Y 

Washington,  D.  C... 

Newark,  N.  J 

Louisyiile,  Ky 

Cleveland,  Ohio 

Pittsburg,  Pa 

Jersey  City,  N.  J  . . . 

Detroit,  MTich 

Milwaukee,  Wis 

Albany,  N.  Y 

Providence,  R.  I.... 

Rochester,  N.  Y 

Allegheny,  Pa 

Richmond,  Va 

New  Haven,  Conn.. 

Charleston,  S.  C 

Indianapolis,  Ind... 

Troy,  N.  Y 

Syracuse,  N.  Y 

Worcester,  Mass.... 

Lowell,  Mass 

Memphis,  Tenn 

Cambridge,  Mass. . . 

Hartford^  Conn 

Scranton,  Pa 

Reading,  Pa 

Paterson,  N.J 

Kansas  City,  Mo..., 

Mobile,  Ala 

Toledo,  Ohio 

Portland,  Me.; 

Columbus,  Ohio 

Wilmington,  Del... 

Dayton,  Ohio 

Lawrence.  Mass. ... 

Utica,  N.  y 

Charlestown,  Mass 

Savannah,  6a 

Lynn.  Mass 

Fall  River,  Mass... 


Population. 


942, 

674, 

396, 

310, 

298 

267, 

250, 

216, 

191, 

149. 

117, 

109, 

105, 

100, 

92, 

86, 

82, 

79, 

71, 

69, 

68, 

62. 

53, 

61. 

50, 

48, 

48 

46, 

43, 

41, 

40, 

40, 

39, 

37, 

35, 

33, 

33, 

32, 

32, 

31, 

31, 

31, 

30. 

30, 

28, 

28, 

28, 

28, 

88, 

26, 


022 
099 
864 
977 
354 
526 
239 
418 
473 
714 
199 
059 
753 
829 
076 
546 
577 
440 
422 
904 
886 
180 
038 
840 
,956 
,244 
.465 
,051 
105 
928 
226 
,634 
180 
092 
,930 
,579 
,260 
,034 
,584 
,418 
274 
,841 
,473 
1,921 
1,804 
323 
235 
233 
766 


MISCELLANEOUS   INPOEMATION. 


273 


POPULATION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


States  a^'d 
territories. 


states. 

Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts.. 

Michigan' 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire. 

New  Jersey 

New  York 

North  Carolina. . 

Ohlo..i 

Oregon 


Area  in 
square 
Miles.       1871). 


50, 

52, 

188 

4. 

2, 
59, 
58, 
55, 
33, 
55, 
81, 
37, 
41, 
31, 
11, 

7, 
56, 
83, 
47, 
65. 
15. 
Hit, 

9, 

8. 
47, 
50, 
39, 
95,: 


POPULATTOW, 


484. 

660, 

537, 

125, 

187, 

1,184, 

2,539, 

1,680, 

1,191. 

384, 

1,321, 

726, 

626, 

780, 

1,457, 

1,184, 

439, 

827, 

1,721, 

123, 

42, 

318, 

906, 

4,382, 

1,071, 

3,665, 

90, 


Miles 
R.  R. 

1875.      1873. 


1,350,544 
528,349 


857,039 


1,651,913 

1,334,031 

598,429 


246,280 
52,640 


1,026,602 
4,705,208 


1,671 

26 

1,013 

820 

227 

466 

2,108 

5,904 

3,529 

3.160 

1,760 

1,123 

539 

871 

820 

1,606 

2,236 

1,612 

990 

2,580 

828 

593 

790 

1.265 

4,470 

1,190 

3,740 

la9 


*  Last  Census  of  Michigan  taken  in  1874. 


States  and 
Territories. 


Statesi 
Pennsylvania.... 
Rhode  Island.... 
South  Carolina.. 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West  Virginia.... 
Wisconsin 


Total  States. 


Territories. 

Arizona 

Colorado..... 

Dakota 

Bist.  of  Columbia. 

Idaho 

Montana 

New  Mexico 

Utah 

Washington 

Wyoming 

Total  Territories. 


Area  in 
square 
Miles. 


46,000 
1,306 
29,385 
45,600 
237,604 
10,212 
40,904 
23,000 
63,924 


1,960,171 


113,916 

104,500 

147,490 

60 

90,982 

143,776 

121,201 

80,056 

69,944 

93,107 


965,032 


Population. 


1870. 


3,531, 
217, 
705, 

1,258, 
818, 
330, 

1,225, 
442, 

1,054, 


38,113,253 


9,658 
39,864 
14,181 
131,700 
14,999 
20,595 
91,874 
86,786 
23.955 
9,118 


443,730 


1875. 


253,239 
925,146 


l,236,72e 


Miles 
R.  R. 
1872. 


5,113 
136 

1,201 

1,620 
865 
675 

1,490 
485 

1,736 


59,687 


375 


1,265 


Aggregate  of  U.  S..  2,915,203  38,555,983  60,852 

•  Included  in  the  Railroad  Mileage  of  Maryland. 


PRINCIPAL  COUNTRIES  OF  THE  WORLD; 

POPTJLATION   AND   ArEA. 


Countries. 


Population. 


Date  of 
Census. 


Area  in 
Square 
Miles. 


Inhabitants 

to  Square 

Mile. 


Population. 


China 

British  Empire 

Russia 

(Jnlted  States  with  Alaska 

France 

Austria  and  Hungary 

Japan 

Great  JBritain  and  Ireland. 

German  Empire 

Italy 

Spain 

Brazil 

Turkey 

Mexico 

Sweden  and  Norway 

Persia 

Belgium 

Bavaria 

Portugal 

Holland 

New  Grenada 

Chili 

Switzerland 

Peru 

Bolivia 

Argentine  Republic 

Wurtemburg 

Denmark 

Venezuela 

Baden 

Greece 

Guatemala 

Ecuador 

Paraguay 

Hesse 

Liberia 

SanSalvador 

Hayti 

Nicaragua 

Uruguay 

Honduras 

San  Domingo 

CostaRioa, 

Hawaii 


446,500.000 

226,817,108 

81,926,400 

38,925,600 

36,469,800 

35,904,400 

34,785,800 

31,817,100 

29,906,092 

27,439,921 

16,642,000 

10,000.000 

16,468,000 

9,173,000 

5,921,500 

5,000,000 

5,021,300 

4,861,400 

3,995,300 

3,688,300 

3,000,000 

2,000.000 

2,669,100 

3,500,000 

2,000,000 

1,812,000 

1,818,600 

1,784.700 

1,600,000 

1,461,400 

1,457,900 

1,180,000 

1,300,000 

1,000,000 

823,138 

718,000 

600,000 

672,000 

350,000 

300,000 

360,000 

136,000 

165,000 

62,960 


1871 
1871 
1871 
1870 
1866 
1869 
1871 
1871 
1871 
1871 
1867 


1869 
1870 
1870 
1869 
1871 
1868 
1870 
1870 
1869 
1870 
1871 

'1869 
1871 
1870 

'isVi 

1870 
1871 

'isVi 
'isVi 

1871 

'isVi 

1871 
1871 

'i'sio 


3,741.846 

4,677,432 

8,003,778 

,603,884 

204,091 

240,348 

149,399 

121,316 

160,307 

118,847 

195,775 

3,353,029 

672,621 

761,526 

292,871 

635,964 

11,378 

29,292 

34,494 

13,680 

357,167 

133,616 

15,993 

471,838 

497,321 

871,848 

7,633 

14,763 

368,338 

6,913 

19,353 

40,879 

218,928 

63,787 

2)969 

9,576 

7,335 

10,306 

58,171 

66,732 

47,092 

17,827 

21,505 

7.683 


119.3 

48.6 

10.3 

7.78 

178.7 

149.4 

233.8 

263.3 

187. 

330.9 

85. 

3.07 

24.4 


7.8 
441.5 
165.9 
115.8 
390.9 
8.4 
15.1 
166.9 
5.3 
4. 
2.1 
241.4 
120.9 
4.2 
247. 
75.3 
38.9 
5.9 
.  15.6 
277. 
74.9 
81.8 
56. 
6. 
6.5 
7.4 
7.6 
7.7 
80. 


Pekin 

London 

St.  Petersburg... 

Washington 

Paris 

Vienna 

Teddo. 

London 

Berlin 

Rome 

Madrid 

Rio  Janeiro 

Constantinople . . 

Mexico 

Stockholm 

Teheran 

Brussels 

Munich 

Lisbon 

Hague 

Bogota 

Santiago 

Berne 

Lima 

Chuqulsaca 

Buenos  Ayres — 

Stuttgart 

Copenhagen 

Caraccas  

Carlsruhe 

Athens 

Guatemala 

Quito 

Asuuclon 

Darmstadt 

Monrovia 

Sal  Salvador  — 
Port  au  Prince.. 

Managua 

Montevideo 

Comayagua 

San  Domingo.... 

San  Jose 

Honolulu — 


1,648,800 

3,251,800 

667,000 

109,199 

1,825,800 

833,900 

1,564,900 

3,261,800 

825,400 

244,484 

332,000 

420,000 

1,075,000 

210.300 

136,900 

120,000 

314,100 

169,500 

234,063 

90,100 

45,000 

115,400 

36,000 

160,100 

85,000 

177,800 

91,600 

162,042 

47,000 

36,600 

48,400 

40,000 

70,000 

48,000 

30,000 

3,000 

15,000 

20,000 

10,000 

44,500 

12,000 

20,000 

2,000 

7,633 


ABSTRACT    OF    IO¥A    STATE   LAWS. 


BILLS  OF  EXCHANGE  AND  PROMISSORY  NOTES. 

Upon  negotiable  bills,  and  notes  payable  in  this  State,  grace  shall  be  allowed 
according  to  the  law  merchant.  All  the  above  mentioned  paper  falling  due  on 
Sunday,  New  Year's  Day,  the  Fourth  of  July,  Christmas,  or  any  day  appointed 
or  recommended  by  the  President  of  the  United  States  or  the  Governor  of  the 
State,  as  a  day  of  fast  or  thanksgiving,  shall  be  deemed  as  due  on  the  day  pre- 
vious. No  defense  can  be  made  against  a  negotiable  instrument  (assigned  before 
due)  in  the  hands  of  the  assignee  without  notice,  except  fraud  was  used  in 
obtaining  the  same.  To  hold  an  indorser,  due  diligence  must  be  used  by  suit 
against  the  maker  or  his  representative.  Notes  payable  to  person  named  or  to 
order,  in  order  to  'absolutely  transfer  title,  must  be  indorsed  by  the  payee. 
Notes  payable  to  bearer  may  be  transferred  by  delivery,  and  when  so  payable, 
every  indorser  thereon  is  held  as  a  guarantor  of  payment,  unless  otherwise 
expressed. 

In  computing  interest  or  discount  on  negotiable  instruments,  a  month  shall 
be  considered  a  calendar  month  or  twelfth  of  a  year,  and  for  less  than  a  month, 
a  day  shall  be  figured  a  thirtieth  part  of  a  month.  Notes  only  bear  interest 
when  so  expressed ;  but  after  due,  they  draw  the  legal  interest,  even  if  not 
stated. 

INTEREST. 

The  legal  rate  of  interest  is  six  per' cent.  Parties  may  agree,  in  writing, 
on  a  rate  ilot  exceeding  ten  per  cent.  If  a  rate  of  interest  greater  than  ten 
per  cent,  is  contracted  for,  it  works  a  forfeiture  of  ten  per  cent,  to  the  school 
fund,  and  only  the  principal  sum  can  be  recovered. 

DESCENT. 

The  personal  property  of  the  deceased  (except  (1)  that  necessary  for  pay- 
ment of  debts  and  expenses  of  administration ;  (2)  property  set  apart  to  widow, 
as  exempt  from  execution;  (3)  allowance  by  court,  if  necessary,  of  twelve 
months'  support  to  widow,  and  to  children  under  fifteen  years  of  age),  includmg 
life  insurance,  descends  as  does  real  estate. 

One-third  in  value  (absolutely)  of  all  estates  in  real  property,  possessed  by 
husband  at  any  time  during  marriage,  which  have  not  been  sold  on  execution 
or  other  judicial  sale,  and  to  which  the  wife  has  made  no  relinquishment  ot  her 
right,  shall  be  set  apart  as  her  property,  in  fee  simple,  if  she  survive  him. 

The  same  share  shall  be  set  apart  to  the  surviving  husband  of  a  deceased 

^'  The  widow's  share  cannot  be  affected  by  any  will  of  her  husband's,  unless 
she  consents,  in  writing  thereto,  within  six  months  after  notice  to  her  ot  pro- 
visions of  the  will. 


276  ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS. 

The  proyisions  of  the  statutes  of  descent  apply  alike  to  surviving  husband 
or  surviving  wife. 

Subject  to  the  above^  the  remaining  estate  of  which  the  decedent  died 
siezed,  «hall  in  absence  of  other  arrangements  by  will,  descend 

First.  To  his  or  her  children  and  their  descendants  in  equal  parts ;  the 
descendants  of  the  deceased  child  or  grandchild  taking  the  share  of  their 
deceased  parents  in  equal  shares  among  them. 

Second.  Where  there  is  no  child,  nor  descendant  of  such  child,  and  no 
widow  or  surviving  husband,  then  to  the  parents  of  the  deceased  in  equal  parts ; 
the  surviving  parent,  if  either  be  dead,  taking  the  whole ;  and  if  there  is  no 
parent  living,  then  to  the  brothers  and  sisters  of  the  intestate  and  their  descend- 
ants. 

Third.  When  there  is  a  widow  or  surviving  husband,  and  no  child  or  chil- 
dren, or  descendants  of  the  same,  then  one-half  of  the  estate  shall  descend  to 
such  widow  or  surviving  husband,  absolutely ;  and  the  other  half  of  the  estate 
shall  descend  as  in  other  cases  where  there  is  no  widow  or  surviving  husband, 
or  child  or  children,  or  descendants  of  the  same. 

Fourth.  If  there  is  no  child,  parent,  brother  or  sister,  or  descendants  of 
either  of  them,  then  to  wife  of  intestate,  or  to  her  heirs,  if  dead,  according  to 
like  rules. 

Fifth.  If  any  intestate  leaves  no  child,  parent,  brother  or  sister,  or  de- 
scendants of  either  of  them,  and  no  widow  or  surviving  husband,  and  no  child, 
parent,  brother  or  sister  (or  descendant  of  either  of  them)  of  such  widow  or 
surviving  husband,  it  shall  escheat  to  the  State. 

WILLS  AND  ESTATES  OF  DECEASED  PERSONS. 

No  exact  form  of  words  are  necessary  in  order  to  make  a  will  good  at  law. 
Every  male  person  of  the  age  of  twenty-one  years,  and  every  female  of  the  age 
of  eighteen  years,  of  sound  mind  and  memory,  can  make  a  valid  will ;  it  must 
be  in  writing,  signed  by  the  testator,  or  by  some  one  in  his  or  her  presence,  and 
by  his  or  her  express  direction,  and  attested  by  two  or  more  competent  wit- 
nesses. Care  should  be  taken  that  the  witnesses  are  not  interested  in  the  will. 
Inventory  to  be  made  by  executor  or  administrator  within  fifteen  days  from 
date  of  letters  testamentary  or  of  administration.  Executors'  and  administra- 
tors' compensation  on  amount  of  personal  estate  distributed,  and  for  proceeds  of 
sale  of  real  estate,  five  per  cent,  for  first  one  thousand  dollars,  two  and  one-half 
per  cent,  on  overplus  up  to  five  thousand  dollars,  and  one  per  cent,  on  overplus 
above  five  thousand  dollars,  with  such  additional  allowance  as  shall  be  reasona- 
ble for  extra  services. 

Within  ten  days  after  the  receipt  of  letters  of  administration,  the  executor 
or  administrator  shall  give  such  notice  of  appointment  as  the  court  or  dlerk  shall 
direct. 

Claims  (other  than  preferred)  must  be  filed  within  one  year  thereafter,  are 
forever  barred,  unless  the  claim  is  pending  in  the  District  or  Supreme  Court,  or 
unless  -peculiar  circumstances  entitle  the  claimant  to  equitable  relief. 

Claims  are  classed  2iT\d payable  in  the  following  order: 

1.  Expenses  of  administration. 

2.  Expenses  of  last  sickness  and  funeral. 

3.  Allowance  to  widow  and  children,  if  made  by  the  court. 

4.  Debts  preferred  under  laws  of  the  United  States. 

5.  Public  rates  and  taxes. 


ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS.  277 

6.  Claims  filed  vrMhrn  six  months  after  the  first  publication  of  the  notice 
given  by  the  executors  of  their  appointment. 

7.  All  other  debts. 

8.  Legacies. 

The  award,  or  property  which  must  be  set  apart  to  the  widow,  in  her  own 
right,  by  the  executor,  includes  alKpersonal  property  which,  in  the  hands  of  the 
deceased,  as  head  of  a  family,  would  have  been  exempt  from  execution. 

TAXES. 

The  owners  of  personal  property,  on  the  first  day  of  January  of  each  year, 
and  the  owners  of  real  property  on  the  first  day  of  November  of  each  year,  are 
liable  for  the  taxes  thereon. 

The  following  property  is  exempt  from  taxation,  viz. : 

1.  The  property  of  the  United  States  and  of  this  State,  including  univer- 
sity, agricultural,  college  and  school  lands  and  all  property  leased  to  the  State ; 
property  of  a  county,  township,  city,  incorporated  town  or  school  district  when 
devoted  entirely  to  the  public  use  and  not  held  for  pecuniary  profit ;  public 
grounds,  including  all  places  for  the  burial  of  the  dead ;  fire  engines  and  all 
implements  for  extinguishing  fires,  with  the  grounds  used  exclusively  for  their 
buildings  and  for  the  meetings  of  the  fire  companies ;  all  public  libraries, 
grounds  and  buildings  of  literary,  scientific,  benevolent,  agricultural  and  reli- 
gious institutions,  and  societies  devoted  solely  to  the  appropriate  objects  of  these 
institutions,  not  exceeding  640  acres  in  extent,  and  not  leased  or  otherwise  used 
with  a  view  of  pecuniary  profit ;  and  all  property  leased  to  agricultural,  charit- 
able institutions  and  benevolent  societies,  and  so  devoted  during  the  term  of  such 
lease ;  provided,  that  all  deeds,  by  which  such  property  is  held,  shall  be  duly 
filed  for  record  before  the  property  therein  described  shall  be  omitted  from  the 
assessment. 

2.  The  books,  papers  and  apparatus  belonging  to  the  above  institutions ; 
used  solely  for  the  purposes  above  contemplated,  and  the  like  property  of  stu- 
dents in  any  such  institution,  used  for  their  education. 

3.  Money  and  credits  belonging  exclusively  to  such  institutions  and  devoted 
solely  to  sustaining  them,  but  not  exceeding  in  amount  or  income  the  sum  pre- 
scribed by  their  charter. 

4.  Animals  not  hereafter  specified,  the  wool  shorn  from  sheep,  belonging  to 
the  person  giving  the  list,  his  farm  produce  harvested  within  one  year  previous 
to  the  listing ;  private  libraries  not  exceeding  three  hundred  dollars  in  value ; 
family  pictures,  kitchen  furniture,  beds  and  bedding  requisite  for  each  family, 
all  wearing  apparel  in  actual  use,  and  all  food  provided  for  the  famdy  ;  but  no 
person  from  whom  a  compensation  for  board  or  lodging  is  received  or  expected, 
is  to  be  considered  a  member  of  the  family  within  the  intent  of  this  clause. 

5.  The  polls  or  estates  of  both  of  persons  who,  by  reason  of  age  or  infarm- 
ity  may.  in  the  opinion  of  the  Assessor,  be  unable  to  contribute  to  the  public 
revenue';  such  opinion  and  the  fact  upon  which  it  is  based,  being  in  all  cases 
reported  to  the  Board  of  Equalization  by  the  Assessor  or  any  other  person,  and 
subiect  to  reversal  by  them. 

6.  The  farming  utensils  of  any  person  who  makes  his  livelihood  by  farming, 
and  the  tools  of  any  mechanic,  not  in  either  case  to  exceed  three  hundred  dollars 

""  ^J.^Government  lands  entered  or  located  or  lands  purchased  from  this  State, 
should  not  be  taxed  for  the  year  in  which  the  entry,  location  or  purchase  is 
made. 


278  ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS. 

There  is  also  a  suitable  exemption,  in  amount,  for  planting  fruit  trees  or 
forest  trees  or  hedges. 

Where  buildings  are  destroyed  by  fire,  tornado  or  other  unavoidable  casu- 
alty, after  being  assessed  for  the  year,  the  Board  of  Supervisors  may  rebate ' 
taxes  for  that  year  on  the  property  destroyed,  if  same  has  not  been  sold  for 
taxes,  and  if  said  taxes  have  not  been  delinquent  for  thirty  days  at  the  time  of 
destruction  of  the  property,  and  the  rebate  shall  be  allowed  for  such  loss  only 
as  is  not  covered  by  insurance. 

All  other  property  is  subject  to  taxation.  Every  inhabitant  of  full  age  and 
sound  mind  shall  assist  the  Assessor  in  listing  all  taxable  property  of  which 
he  is  the  owner,  or  which  he  controls  or  manages,  either  as  agent,  guardian, 
father,  husband,  trustee,  executor,  accounting  ofiicer,  partner,  mortgagor  or 
lessor,  mortgagee  or  lessee. 

Road  beds  of  railway  corporations  shall  not  be  assessed  to  owners  of  adja-., 
cent  property,  but  shall  be  considered  the   property  of  the  companies  for  pur- 
poses of  taxation ;  nor  shall  real  estate  used  as  a  public  highway  be  assessed 
and  taxed  as  part  of  adjacent  lands  whence  the  same  was  taken  for  such  public 
purpose. 

The  property  of  railway,  telegraph  and  express  companies  shall  be  listed 
and  assessed  for  taxation  as  the  property  of  an  individual  would  be  listed  and 
assessed  for  taxation.    Collection  of  taxes  made  as  in  the  case  of  an  individual. 

The  Township  Board  of  Equalization  shall  meet  first  Monday  in  April  of 
each  year.     Appeal  lies  to  the  Circuit  Court. 

The  County  Board  of  Eqalization  (the  Board  of  Supervisors)  meet  at  their 
regular  session  in  June  of  each  year.     Appeal  lies  to  the  Circuit  Court. 

Taxes  become  delinquent  February  1st  of  each  year,  payable,  without 
interest  or  penalty,  at  any  time  before  March  1st  of  each  year. 

Tax  sale  is  held  on  first  Monday  in  October  of  each  year. 

Redemption  may  be  made  at  any  time  within  three  years  after  date  of  sale, 
by  paying  to  the  County  Auditor  the  amount  of  sale,  and  twenty  per  centum  of 
such  amount  immediately  added  as  penalty,  with  ten  per  cent,  interest  per 
annum  on  the  whole  amount  thus  made  from  the  day  of  sale,  and  also  all  sub- 
sequent taxes,  interest  and  costs  paid  by  purchaser  after  March  1st  of  each 
year,  and  a  similar  penalty  of  twenty  per  centum  added  as  before,  with  ten  per 
cent,  interest  as  before. 

If  notice  has  been  given,  by  purchaser,  of  the  date  at  which  the  redemption 
is  limited,  the  cost  of  same  is  added  to  the  redemption  money.  Ninety  days' 
notice  is  required,  by  the  statute,  to  be  published  by  the  purchaser  or  holder  of 
certificate,  to  terminate  the  right  of  redemption. 

JURISDICTION  OF  COURTS. 

DISTRICT   COURTS 
have  jurisdiction,  general  and  original,  both  civil  and  criminal,  except  in  such 
cases  where  Circuit  Courts  have  exclusive  jurisdiction.     District  Courts  havp 
exclusive  supervision  over  courts  of  Justices  of  the  Peace  and  Magistsates,  in 
criminal  matters,  on  appeal  and  writs  of  error. 

CIRCUIT   COURTS 
have  jurisdiction,  general  and  original,  with  the  District  Courts,  in  all  civil 
actions  and  special  proceedings,  and  exclusive  jurisdiction  in  all  appeals  and 
writs  of  error  from  inferior  courts,  in  civil  matters.    And  exclusive  jurisdiction 
in  matters  of  estates  and  general  probate  business. 


ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS.  279 

JUSTICES  OF  THE  PEACE 
have  jurisdiction  in  civil  matters  where  $100  or  less  is  involved.     By  consent 
of  parties,  the  jurisdiction  may  be  extended  to  an  amount  not  exceeding  $300 
They  have  jurisdiction  to  try  and  determine  all  public  offense  less  than  felony,' 
committed  within  their  respective  counties,  in  which  the  fine,  by  law,  does  not 
exceed  flOO  or  the  imprisonment  thirty  days. 

LIMITATION  OF  ACTIONS. 

Action  for  injuries  to  the  person  or  reputation;  for  a  stutute  penalty;  and 
to  enforce  a  mechanics'  lien,  must  be  brought  in  two  (2)  years. 

Those  against  a  public  officer  within  three  (3)  years. 

Those  founded  on  unwritten  contracts;  for  injuries  to  property;  for  relief 
on  the  ground  of  fraud ;  and  all  other  actions  not  otherwise  provided  for,  within 
five  (5)  years. 

Those  founded  on  written  contracts;  on  judgments  of  any  court  (except 
those  provided  for  in  next  section),  and  for  the  recovery  of  real  property,  within 
ten  (10)  years. 

Those  founded  on  judgment  of  any  court  of  record  in  the  United  States, 
within  twenty  (20)  years. 

All  above  limits,  except  those  for  penalties  and  forfeitures,  are  extended  in 
favor  of  minors  and  insane  persons,  until  one  year  after  the  disability  is  removed 
— time  during  which  defendant  is  a  non-resident  of  the  State  shall  not  be 
included  in  computing  any  of  the  above  periods. 

Actions  for  the  recovery  of  real  property,  sold  for  non-payment  of  taxes, 
must  be  brought  within  five  years  after  the  Treasurer's  Deed  is  executed 
and  recorded,  except  where  a  minor  or  convict  or  insane  person  is  the  owner, 
and  they  shall  be  allowed  five  years  after  disability  is  removed,  in  which  to 
bring  action. 

JURORS. 

AH  qualified  electors  of  the  State,  of  good  moral  character,  sound  judgment, 
and  in  full  possession  of  the  senses  of  hearing  and  seeing,  are  competent  jurors 
in  their  respective  counties. 

United  States  ofiicers,  practicing  attorneys,  physicians  and  clergymen, 
acting  professors  or  teachers  in  institutions  of  learning,  and  persons  disabled  by 
bodily  infirmity  or  over  sixty-five  years  of  age,  are  exempt  from  liability  to  act 
as  jurors. 

Any  person  may  be  excused  from  serving  on  a  jury  when  his  own  interests 
or  the  public's  will  be  materially  injured  by  his  attendance,  or  when  the  state  of 
his  health  or  the  death,  or  sickness  of  his  family  requires  his  absence. 

A  MARRIED  WOMAN 
may  convey  or  incumber  real  estate,  or  interest  therein,  belonging  to  her ;  may 
control  the  same  or  contract  with  reference  thereto,  as  other  persons  may  con- 
vey, encumber,  control  or  contract. 

She  may  own,  acquire,  hold,  convey  and  devise  property,  as  her  husband 
may. 

Her  husband  is  not  liable  for  civil  injuries  committed  by  her. 

She  may  convey  property  to  her  husband,  and  he  may  convey  to  her. 

She  may  constitute  her  husband  her  attorney  in  fact. 


280  ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS. 

EXEMPTIONS  FROM  EXECUTION. 

A  resident  of  the  State  and  head  of  a  family  may  hold  the  following  prop- 
erty exempt  from  execution  :  All  wearing  apparel  of  himself  and  family  kept  for 
actual  use  and  suitable  to  the  condition,  and  the  trunks  or  other  receptacles  nec- 
essary to  contain  the  same ;  one  musket  or  rifle  and  shot-gun  ;  all  private 
libraries,  family  Bibles,  portraits,  pictures,  musical  instruments,  and  paintings 
not  kept  for  the  purpose  of  sale ;  a  seat  or  pew  occupied  by  the  debtor  or  his- 
family  in  any  house  of  public  worship  ;  an  interest  in  a  public  or  private  burying 
ground  not  exceeding  one  acre  ;  two  cows  and  a  calf;  one  horse,  unless  a  horse 
is  exempt  as  hereinafter  provided ;  fifty  sheep  and  the  wool  therefrom,  and  t&e 
materials  manufactured  from  said  wool ;  six  stands  of  bees ;  five  hogs  and  all 
pigs  under  six  months  ;  the  necessary  food  for  exempted  animals  for  six  months ; 
all  flax  raised  from  one  acre  of  ground,  and  manufactures  therefrom  ;  one  bed- 
stead and  necessary  bedding  for  every  two  in  the  family  ;  all  cloth  manufactured 
by  the  defendant  not  exceeding  one  hundred  yards ;  household  and  kitchen  fur- 
niture not  exceeding  two  hundred  dollars  in  value ;  all  spinning  wheels  and 
looms ;  one  sewing  machine  and  other  instrumfents  of  domestic  laber  kept  for 
actual  use ;  the  necessary  provisions  and  fuel  for  the  use  of  the  family  for  six 
months ;  the  proper  tools,  instruments,  or  books  of  the  debtor,  if  a  farmer, 
mechanic,  surveyor,  clergyman,  lawyer,  physician,  teacher  or  professor;  the' 
horse  or  the  team,  consisting  of  not  more  than  two  horses  or  mules,  or  two  yoke* 
of  cattle,  and  the  wagon  or  other  vehicle,  with  the  proper  harness  or  tackle,  by 
the  use  of  which  the  debtor,  if  a  physician,  public  officer,  farmer,  teamster  or 
other  laborer,  habitually  earns  his  living  ;  and  to  the  debtor,  if  a  printer,  there 
shall  also  be  exempt  a  printing  press  and  the  types,  furniture  and  inaterial  nec- 
essary for  the  use  of  such  printing  press,  and  a  newspaper  office  to  the  value  of 
twelve  hundred  dollars ;  the  earnings  of  such  debtor,  or  those  of  his  family,  at 
any  time  within  ninety  days  next  preceding  the  levy. 

Persons  unmarried  and  not  the  head  of  a  family,  and  non-residents,  have 
exempt  their  own  ordinary  wearing  apparel  and  trunks  to  contain  the  same. 

There  is  also  exempt,  to  a  head  of  a  family,  a  homestead,  not  exceeding  forty 
acres ;  or,  if  inside  city  limits,  one-half  acre  with  improvements,  value  not 
limited.  The  homestead  is  liable  for  all  debts  contracted  prior  to  its  acquisition 
as  such,  and  is  subject  to  mechanics'  liens  for  work  or  material  furnished  for  the 
same. 

An  article,  otherwise  exempt,  is  liable,  on  execution,  for  the  purchase 
money  thereof 

Where  a  debtor,  if  a  head  of  a  family,  has  started  to  leave  the  State,  he  shall 
have  exempt  only  the  ordinary  wearing  apparel  of  himself  and  family,  and 
other  property  in  addition,  as  he  may  select,  in  all  not  exceeding  seventy-five 
dollars  in  value. 

ESTRAYS. 

An  unbroken  animal  shall  not  be  taken  up  as  an  estray  between  May  1st 
and  November  1st,  of  each  year,  unless  the  same  be  found  within  the  lawful 
enclosure  of  a  householder,  who  alone  can  take  up  such  animal,  unless  some 
other  person  gives  him  notice  of  the  fact  of  such  animal  coming  on  his  place; 
and  if  he  fails,  within  five  days  thereafter,  to  take  up  such  estray,  any  other 
householder  of  the  township  may  take  up  such  estray  and  proceed  with  it  as  if 
taken  on  his  own  premises,  provided  he  shall  prove  to  the  Justice  of  the  Peace 
such  notice,  and  shall  make  affidavit  where  such  estray  was  taken  up. 


ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS.  281 

Any  swine,  sheep,  goat,  horse,  neat  cattle  or  other  animal  distrained  (for 
damage  done  to  one's  enclosure),  when  the  owner  is  not  known,  shall  be  treated 
as  an  estray. 

Within  five  days  after  taking  up  an  estray,  notice,  containing  a  full  descrip- 
tion thereof,  shall  be  posted  up  in  three  of  the  most  public  places  in  the  town- 
ship ;  and  in  ten  days,  the  person  taking  up  such  estray  shall  go  before  a  Justice 
of  the  Peace  in  the  township  and  make  oath  as  to  where  such  estray  was  taken 
up,  and  that  the  marks  or  brands  have  not  been  altered,  to  his  knowledge.  Th& 
estray  shall  then  be  appraised,  by  order  of  the  Justice,  and  the  appraisement, 
description  of  the  size,  age,  color,  sex,  marks  and  brands  of  the  estray  shall  be 
entered  by  the  Justice  in  a  book  kept  for  that  purpose,  and  he  shall,  within  ten 
days  thereafter,  send  a  certified  copy  thereof  to  the  County  Auditor. 

When  the  appraised  value  of  an  estray  does  not  exceed  five  dollars,  the 
Justice  need  not  proceed  further  than  to  enter  the  description  of  the  estray  on 
his  book,  and  if  no  owner  appears  within  six  months,  the  property  shall  vest  in 
the  finder,  if  he  has  complied  with  the  law  and  paid  all  costs. 

Where  appraised  value  of  estray  exceeds  five  and  is  less  than  ten  dollars,  if 
no  owner  appears  in  nine  months,  the  finder  has  the  property,  if  he  has  com- 
phed  with  the  law  and  paid  costs. 

An  estray,  legally  taken  up,  may  be  used  or  worked  with  care  and 
moderation. 

,  If  any  person  unlawfully  take  up  an  estray,  or  take  up  an  estray  and  fail  to 
comply  with  the  law  regarding  estrays,  or  use  or  work  it  contrary  to  above,  or 
work  it  before  having  it  appraised,  or  keep  such  estray  out  of  the  county  more 
than  five  days  at  one  time,  before  acquiring  ownership,  such  ofiender  shall  forfeit 
to  the  county  twenty  dollars,  and  the  owner  may  recover  double  damages  with 
costs. 

If  the  owner  of  any  estray  fail  to  claim  and  prove  his  title  for  one  year  after 
the  taking  up,  and  the  finder  shall  have  complied  with  the  law,  a  complete  title 
vests  in  the  finder. 

But  if  the  owner  appear  within  eighteen  months  from  the  taking  up,  prove 
his  ownership  and  pay  all  costs  and  expenses,  the  finder  shall  pay  him  the 
appraised  value  of  such  estray,  or  may,  at  his  option,  deliver  up  the  estray. 

MARKS  AND  BRANDS. 

Any  person  may  adopt  his  own  mark  or  brand  for  his  domestic  animals,  and 
have  a  description  thereof  recorded  by  the  Township  Clerk. 

No  person  shall  adopt  the  recorded  mark  or  brand  of  any  other  person 
residing  in  his  township. 

DAMAGES  FROM  TRESPASS. 

When  any  person's  lands  are  enclosed  by  a  lawful  fence,  the  owner  of  any 
domestic  animal  injuring  said  lands  is  liable  for  the  damages,  and  the  damages 
may  be  recovered  by  suit  against  the  owner,  or  may  be  made  by  distraining  the 
animals  doing  the  damage ;  and  if  the  party  injured  elects  to  recover  by  action 
against  the  owner,  no  appraisement  need  be  made  by  the  Trustees,  as  in  case  of 
distraint. 

When  trespassing  animals  are  distrained  within-  twenty-four  hours,  Sunday 
not  included,  the  party  injured  shall  notify  the  owner  of  said  animals,  if  known ; 
and  if  the  owner  fails  to  satisfy  the  party  within  twenty-four  hours  thereafter, 


282  ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS. 

the  party  shall  have  the  township  Trustees  assess  the  damage,  and  notice  shall 
be  posted  up  in  three  conspicuous  places  in  the  township,  that  the  stock,  or  part 
thereof,  shall,  on  the  tenth  day  after  posting  the  notice,  between  the  hours  of  1 
and  3  P.  M.,  be  sold  to  the  highest  bidder,  to  satisfy  said  damages,  with  costs. 

Appeal  lies,  within  twenty  days,  from  the  action  of  the  Trustees  to  the  Cir- 
cuit Court. 

Where  stock  is  restrained,  by  police  regulation  or  by  law,  from  running  at 
large,  any  person  injured  in  his  improved  or  cultivated  lands  by  any  domestic 
animal,  may,  by  action  against  the  owner  of  such  animal,  or  by  distraining  such 
animal,  recover  his  damages,  whether  the  lands  whereon  the  injury  was  done 
were  inclosed  by  a  lawful  fence  or  not. 

FENCES. 

A  lawful  fence  is  fifty-four  inches  high,  made  of  rails,  wire  or  boards,  with 
posts  not  more  than  ten  feet  apart  where  rails  are  used,  and  eight  feet  where 
boards  are  used,  substantially  built  and  kept  in  good  repair  ;  or  any  other  fence 
which,  in  the  opinion  of  the  Fence  Viewers,  shall  be  declared  a  lawful  fence- 
provided  the  lower  rail,  wire  or  board  be  not  more  that  twenty  nor  less  than  six- 
teen inches  from  the  ground. 

The  respective  owners  of  lands  enclosed  with  fences  shall  maintain  partition 
fences  between  their  own  and  next  adjoining  enclosure  so  long  as  they  improve 
them  in  equal  shares,  unless  otherwise  agreed  between  them. 

If  any  party  neglect  to  maintain  such  partition  fence  as  he  should  maintain, 
the  Fence  Viewers  (the  township  Trustees),  upon  complaint  of  aggrieved  party, 
may,  upon  due  notice  to  both  parties,  examine  the  fence,  and,  if  found  insuf- 
ficient, notify  the  delinquent  party,  in  writing,  to  repair  or  re-build  the  same 
within  such  time  as  they  judge  reasonable. 

If  the  fence  be  not  repaired  or  rebuilt  accordingly,  the  complainant  may  do 
so,  and  the  same  being  adjudged  sufficient  by  the  Fence  Viewers,  and  the 
value  thereof,  with  their  fees,  being  ascertained  and  certified  under  their  hands, 
the  complainant  may  demand  of  the  delinquent  the  sum  so  ascertained,  and  if 
the  same  be  not  paid  in  one  month  after  demand,  may  recover  it  with  one  per 
cent  a  month  interest,  by  action. 

In  case  of  disputes,  the  Fence  Viewers  may  decide  as  to  who  shall  erect  or 
maintain  partition  fences,  and  in  what  time  the  same  shall  be  done ;  and  in  case 
any  party  neglect  to  maintain  or  erect  such  part  as  may  be  assigned  to  him, 
the  aggrieved  party  may  erect  and  maintain  the  same,  and  recover  double 
damages. 

No  person,  not  wishing  his  land  inclosed,  and  not  using  it  otherwise  than  in 
common,  shall  be  compelled  to  maintain  any  partition  fence ;  but  when  he  uses 
or  incloses  his  land  otherwise  than  in  common,  he  shall  contribute  to  the  parti- 
tion fences. 

Where  parties  have  had  their  lands  inclosed  in  common,  and  one  of  the 
owners  desires  to  occupy  his  separate  and  apart  from  the  other,  and  the  other 
refuses  to  divide  the  line  or  build  a  sufficient  fence  on  the  line  when  divided, 
the  Fence  Viewers  may  divide  and  assign,  and  upon  neglect  of  the  other  to: 
build  as  ordered  by  the  Viewers,  the  one  may  build  the  other's  part  and 
recover  as  above. 

And  when  one  incloses  land  which  has  lain  uninclosed,  he  must  pay  for 
one-half  of  each  partition  fence  between  himself  and  his  neighbors. 


ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS.  283 

Where  one  desires  to  lay  not  less  than  twenty  feet  of  his  lands,  adjoining 
his  neighbor,  out  to  the  public  to  be  used  in  common,  he  must  give  his  neighbor 
six  months'  notice  thereof. 

Where  a  fence  has  been  built  on  the  land  of  another  through  mistake,  the 
owner  may  enter  upon  such  premises  and  remove  his  fence  and  material  Withn 
six  months  after  the  division  line  has  been  ascertained.  Where  the  material  to 
build  such  a  fence  has  been  taken  from  the  land  on  which  it  was  built,  then, 
before  it  can  be  removed,  the  person  claiming  must  first  pay  for  such  material 
'  to  the  owner  of  the  land  from  which  it  was  taken,  nor  shall  such  a  fence  be 
removed  at  a  time  when  the  removal  will  throw  open  or  expose  the  crops  of  the 
other  party ;  a  reasonable  time  must  be  given  beyond  the  six  months  to  remove 
crops. 

MECHANICS'  LIENS. 

Every  mechanic,  or  other  person  who  shall  do  any  labor  upon,  or  furnish 
any  materials,  machinery  or  fixtures  for  any  building,  erection  or  other  improve- 
ment upon  land,  including  those  engaged  in  the  construction  or  repair  of  any 
work  of  internal  improvement,  by  virtue  of  any  contract  with  the  owner,  his 
agent,  trustee,  contractor,  or  sub-contractor,  shall  have  a  lien,  on  complying 
with  the  forms  of  law,  upon  the  building  or  other  improvement  for  his  labor 
done  or  materials  furnished. 

It  would  take  too  large  a  space  to  detail  the  manner  in  which  a  sub- 
contractor secures  his  lien.  He  should  file,  within  thirty  days  after  the  last  of 
the  labor  was  performed,  or  the  last  of  the  material  shall  have  been  furnished, 
with  the  Clerk  of  the  District  Court  a  true  account  of  .the  amount  due  him,  after 
allowing  all  credits,  setting  forth  the  time  when  such  material  was  furnished  or 
labor  performed,  and  when  completed,  and  containing  a  correct  description  of 
the  property  sought  to  be  charged  with  the  lien,  and  the  whole  verified  by 
affidavit. 

A  principal  contractor  must  file  such  an  affidavit  within  ninety  days,  as 
above. 

Ordinarily,  there  are  so  many  points  to  be  examined  in  order  to  secure  a 
mechanics'  lien,  that  it  is  much  better,  unless  one  is  accustomed  to  managing 
such  liens,  to  consult  at  once  with  an  attorney. 

Eemember  that  the  proper  time  to  file  the  claim  is  ninety  days  for  a  princi- 
pal contractor,  thirty  days  for  a  sub-contractor,  as  above ;  and  that  actions  to 
enforce  these  liens  must  be  commenced  within  two  years,  and  the  rest  can  much 
better  be  done  with  an  attorney. 

ROADS  AND  BRIDGES. 

Persons  meeting  each  other  on  the  public  highways,  shall  give  one  half  of 
the  same  by  turning  to  the  right.  All  persons  failing  to  observe  this  rule  shall 
be  liable  to  pay  all  damages  resulting  therefrom,  together  with  a  fine,  not  exceed- 
ing five  dollars.  , 

The  prosecution  must  be  instituted  on  the  complaint  of  the  person  wrongea. 

Any  person  guilty  of  racing  horses,  or  driving  upon  the  public  highway,  m 
a  manner  likely  to  endanger  the  persons  or  the  lives  of  others,  shall,  on  convic- 
tion, be  fined  not  exceeding  one  hundred  dollars  or  imprisoned  not  exceedmg 

'  It  isTmisdemeanor,  without  authority  from  the  proper  Road  Supervisor,  to 
break  upon,  plow  or  dig  within  the  boundary  lines  of  any  pubhc  highway. 


•284  ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS. 

The  money  tax  levied  upon  the  property  in  each  road  district  in  each  town- 
ship (except  the  general  Township  Fund,  set  apart  for  purchasing  tools,  machin- 
ery and  guide  boards),  whether  collected  by  the  Road  Supervisor  or  County 
Treasurer,  shall  be  expended  for  highway  purposes  in  that  district,  and  no  part 
thereof  shall  be  paid  out  or  expended  for  the  benefit  of  another  district. 

The  Road  Supervisor  of  each  district,  is  bound  to  keep  the  roads  and  bridges 
therein,  in  as  good  condition  as  the  funds  at  his  disposal  will  permit;  to  put 
guide  boards  at  cross  roads  and  forks  of  highways  in  his  district;  and  when  noti- 
fied in  writing  that  any  portion  of  the  public  highway,  or  any  bridg'e  is  unsafe, 
must  in  a  reasonable  time  repair  the  same,  and  for  this  purpose  may  call  out 
any  or  all  the  able  bodied  men  in  the  district,  but  not  more  than  two  days  at 
one  time,  without  their  consent. 

Also,  when  notified  in  writing,  of  the  growth  of  any  Canada  thistles  upon 
vacant  or  non-resident  lands  or  lots,  within  his  district,  the  owner,  lessee  or 
agent  thereof  being  unknown,  shall  cause  the  same  to  be  destroyed. 

Bridges  when  erected  or  maintained  by  the  public,  are  parts  of  the  highway, 
and  must  not  be  less  than  sixteen  feet  wide. 

A  penalty  is  imposed  upon  any  one  who  rides  or  drives  faster  than  a  walk 
across  any  such  bridge. 

The  manner  of  establishing,  vacating  or  altering  roads,  etc.,  is  so  well  known 
to  all  township  officers,  that  it  is  sufficient  here  to  say  that  the  first  step  is  by 
petition,  filed  in  the  Auditor's  office,  addressed  in  substance  as  follows  : 

The  Board  of  Supervisors  of County :    The  undersigned  asks  that 

a  highway,  commencing  at and  running  thence and  terminating 

at ,  be  established,  vacated  or  altered  (as  the  case  may  be.) 

When  the  petition  is  filed,  ell  necessary  and  succeeding  steps  will  be  shown 
and  explained  to  the  petitioners  by  the  Auditor. 

ADOPTION  OF  CHILDREN. 

Any  person  competent  to  make  a  will  can  adopt  as  his  own  the  minor  child 
of  another.  The  consent  of  both  parents,  if  living  and  not  divorced  or  separ- 
ated, and  if  divorced  or  separated,  or  if  unmarried,  the  consent  of  the  parent 
lawfully  having  the  custody  of  the  child ;  or  if  either  parent  is  dead,  then  the 
consent  of  the  survivor,  or  if  both  parents  be  dead,  or  the  child  have  been  and 
remain  abandoned  by  them,  then  the  consent  of  the  Mayor  of  the  city  where 
the  child  is  living,  or  if  not  in  the  city,  then  of  the  Clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court 
of  the  county  shall  be  given  to  such  adoption  by  an  instrument  in  writing, 
signed  by  party  or  parties  consenting,  and  stating  the  names  of  the  parties,  if 
known,  the  name  of  the  child,  if  known,  the  name  of  the  person  adopting  such 
child,  and  the  residence  of  all,  if  known,  and  declaring  the  name  by  which  the 
child  is  thereafter  to  be  called  and  known,  and  stating,  also,  that  such  child  is 
given  to  the  person  adopting,  for  the  purpose  of  adoption  as  his  own  child. 

The  person  adopting  shall  also  sign  said  instrument,  and  all  the  parties  shall 
acknowledge  the  same  in  the  manner  that  deeds  conveying  lands  shall  be 
acknowledged. 

The  instrument  shall  be  recorded  in  the  office  of  the  County  Recorder. 

SURVEYORS  AND  SURVEYS. 

There  is  in  every  county  elected  a  Surveyor  known  as  County  Surveyor, 
who  has  power  to  appoint  deputies,  for  whose  official  acts  he  is  responsible.  It 
is  the  duty  of  the  County  Surveyor,  either  by  himself  or  his  Duputy,  to  make 


ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS.  285 

all  surveys  that  he  may  be  called  upon  to  make  within  his  county  as  soon  as 
may  be  after  application  is  made.  The  necessary  chainmen  and  other  assist- 
ance must  be  employed  by  the  person  requiring  the  same  to  be  done,  and  to  be 
by  him  paid,  unless  otherwise  agreed  ;  but  the  chainmen  must  be  disinterested 
persons  and  approved  by  the  Surveyor  and  swcrn  by  him  to  measure  justly  and 
impartially.  Previoiis  to  any  survey,  he  shall  furnish  himself  with  a  copy  of 
the  field  notes  of  the  original  survey  of  the  same  land,  if  there  be  any  in  the 
office  of  the  County  Auditor,  and  his  survey  shall  be  made  in  accordance  there- 
with. 

Their  fees  are  three  dollars  per  day.  For  certified  copies  of  field  notes, 
twenty-five  cents. 

SUPPORT  OF  POOR. 

The  father,  mother  and  children  of  any  poor  person  who  has  applied  for  aid, 
and  who  is  unable  to  maintain  himself  by  work,  shall,  jointly  or  severally, 
maintain  such  poor  person  in  such  manner  as  may  be  approved  by  the  Town- 
ship Trustees. 

In  the  absence  or  inability  of  nearer  relatives,  the  same  liability  shall  extend 
to  the  grandparents,  if  of  ability  without  personal  labor,  and  to  the  male  grand- 
children who  are  of  ability,  by  personal  labor  or  otherwise. 

The  Township  Trustees  may,  upon  the  failure  of  such  relatives  to  msiintain 
a  poor  person,  who  has  made  application  for  relief,  apply  to  the  Circuit  Court 
for  an  order  to  compel  the  same. 

Upon  ten  days'  notice,  in  writing,  to  the  parties  sought  to  be  charged,  a 
hearing  may  be  had,  and  an  order  made  for  entire  or  partial  support  of  the  poor 
person. 

Appeal  may  be  taken  from  such  judgment  as  from  other  judgments  of  the 
Circuit  Court. 

When  any  person,  having  any  estate,  abandons  either  children,  wife  or  hus- 
band, leaving  them  chargeable,  or  likely  to  become  chargeable,  upon  the  public  for 
support,  upon  proof  of  above  fact,  an  order  may  be  had  from  the  Clerk  of  the 
Circuit  Court,  or  Judge,  authorizing  the  Trustees  or  the  Sheriff  to  take  into 
possession  such  estate. 

The  Court  may  direct  such  personal  estate  to  be  sold,  to  be  applied,  as  well 
as  the  rents  and  profits  of  the  real  estate,  if  any,  to  the  support  of  children, 
wife  or  husband. 

If  the  party  against  whom  the  order  is  issued  return  and  support  the  per- 
son abandoned,  or  give  security  for  the  same,  the  order  shall  be  discharged,  and 
the  property  taken  returned.  j.    i      m        v.- 

The  mode  of  relief  for  the  poor,  through  the  action  of  the  iownship 
Trustees,  or  the  action  of  the  Board  of  Supervisors,  is  so  well  known  to  every 
township  oflScer,  and  the  circumstances  attending  applications  for  relief  are  so 
varied,  that  it  need  now  only  be  said  that  it  is  the  duty  of  each  county  to  pro- 
vide for  its  poor,  no  matter  at  what  place  they  may  be. 

LANDLORD  AND  TENANT. 

A  tenant  giving  notice  to  quit  demised  premises  at  a  time  named,  and  after- 
ward holding  over,  and  a  tenant  or  his  assignee  willfully  holding  over  the  prem- 
ises after  the  term,  and  after  notice  to  quit,  shall  pay  double  rent. 

Any  person  in  possession  of  real  property,  with  the  assent  of  the  owner,  is 
presumed  to  be  a  tenant  at  will. 


286 


ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS. 


Thirty  days'  notice,  in  writing,  is  necessary  to  terminate  a  tenancy  at  will. 

In  case  of  tenants  occupying  and  cultivating  farms,  the  notice  must  fix  the- 
termination  of  the  tenancy  to  take  place  on  March  1st;  except  that  field 
tenants'  or  croppers'  leases  expire  when  crop  is  harvested ;  provided,  that  in 
case  of  a  corn  crop,  it  shall  not  be  later  than  December  1st,  unless  otherwise 
agreed. 

But  where  an  express  agreement  is  made,  whether  reduced  to  writing  or 
not,  the  tenancy  shall  cease  at  the  time  agreed  upon,  without  notice. 

If  such  tenant  cannot  be  found  in  the  county,  the  notices  above  required 
may  be  given  to  any  sub-tenant  or  other  person  in  possession  of  the  premises ; 
or,  if  the  premises  be  vacant,  by  affixing  the  notice  to  the  principal  door  of  the 
building  or  in  some  conspicuous  position  on  the  land,  if  there  be  no  building. 

The  landlord  shall  have  a  lien  for  his  rent  upon  all  the  crops  grown  on  the 
premises,  and  upon  any  other  personal  property  of  the  tenant  used  on  the 
premises  during  the  term,  and  not  exempt  from  execution,  for  the  period  of  one 
year  after  a  year's  rent  or  the  rent  of  a  shorter  period  claimed  falls  due ;  but 
such  lien  shall  not  continue  more  than  six  months  after  the  expiration  of  the 
term. 

The  lien  may  be  effected  by  the  commencement  of  an  action,  within  the 
period  above  prescribed,  for  the  rent  alone ;  and  the  landlord  is  entitled  to  a  writ 
of  attachment,  Upon  filing  an  affidavit  that  the  action  is  commenced  to  rcover 
rent  accrued  within  one  year  previous  thereto  upon  the  premises  described  in  the 
affidavit. 

WEIGHTS  AND  MEASURES. 

Whenever  any  of  the  following  articles  shall  be  contracted  for,  or  sold  or 
delivered,  and  no  special  contract  or  agreement  shall  be  made  to  the  contrary, 
the  weight  per  bushel  shall  be  as  follows,  to-wit : 


Sand 

Sorghum  Seed 

Broom  Corn  Seed. 

Buckwheat 

Salt 


..130 
..  80 
..  30 
..  52 
,.  50 
..  48 


Apples,  Peaches  or  Quinces 48 

Cherries,  Grapes,  Currants  or  Gooseberries,  40 
Strawberries,  Raspberries  or  Blackberries,  32 

Osage  Orange  Seed 32 

Millet  Seed 45 

Stone  Coal 80 

Lime 80 

Corn  in  the  ear 70 

Wheat 60 

Potatoes 60 

Beans 60 

CloTer  Seed 60 

Onions 57 

Shelled  Corn 56 

Rye 56 

Flax  Seed 56 

Sweet  Potatoes 46 

Penalty  for  giving  less  than  the  above  standard  is  treble  damages  and  costs 
and  five  dollars  addition  thereto  as  a  fine. 


Barley 

Corn  Meal 48 

Castor  Beans 46 

Timothy  Seed 4'i 

Hemp  Seed 44 

Dried  Peaches 33 

Oats 33 

Dried  Apples 2+ 

Bran 20 

Blue  Grass  Seed 14 

Hungarian  Grass  Seed 45 


DEFINITION  OF  COMMERCIAL  TERMS, 

$ means  dollars,  being  a  contraction  of  U.  S.,  which  was  formerly  placed 

before  any  denomination  of  money,  and  meant,  as  it  means  now,  United  States 
Currency. 

£ means  pounds,  English  money. 

@  stands  for  at  or  to ;  ft  for  pounds,  and  bbl.  for  barrels  ;  'p  for  per  or  by 
the.     Thus,  Butter  sells  at  20@30c  f  ft,  and  Flour  at  $8@$12  f  bbl. 


ABSTRACT  OP  IOWA  STATE  LAWS.  287 

fo  for  fer  cent.,  and  #  for  number. 

May  1.  Wheat  sells  at  |1.20@$1.25,  "  seller  June."  Seller  June  means 
that  the  person  who  sells  the  wheat  has  the  privilege  of  delivering  it  at  any 
time  during  the  month  of  June. 

Selling  short,  is  contracting  to  deliver  a  certain  amount  of  grain  or  stock, 
at  a  fixed  price,  within  a  certain  length  of  time,  when  the  seller  has  not  the 
stock  on  hand.  It  is  for  the  interest  of  the  person  selling  "short"  to  depress 
the  market  as  much  as  possible,  in  order  that  he  may  buy  and  fill  his  contract 
at  a  profit.     Hence  the  "  shorts  "  are  termed  "  bears." 

Buying  long,  is  to  contract  to  purchase  a  certain  amount  of  grain  or  shares 
of  stock  at  a  fixed  price,  deliverable  within  a  stipulated  time,  expecting  to  make 
a  profit  by  the  rise  in  prices.  The  "longs"  are  termed  "bulls,"  as  it  is  for 
their  interest  to  "operate"  so  as  to  "toss"  the  prices  upward  as  much  as 


NOTES. 

Form  of  note  is  legal,  worded  in  the  simplest  way,  so  that  the  amount  and 
time  of  payment  are  mentioned : 

$100.  Chicago,  111.,  Sept.  15,  1876. 

Sixty  days  from  date  I  promise  to  pay  to  E.  F.  Brown  or  order, 
one  hundred  dollars,  for  value  received.  L.  D.  Lowey. 

A  note  to  be  payable  in  anything  else  than  money  needs  only  the  facts  sub- 
stituted for  money  in  the  above  form. 

ORDERS. 

Orders  should  be  worded  simply,  thus  : 
Mr.  F.  H.  Coats  :  Chicaso,  Sept.  15,  1876. 

Please  pay  to  H.  Birdsall,  twenty-five  dollars,  and  charge  to 

^   ^  F.    D.    SiLVA. 

RECEIPTS. 

Receipts  should  always  state  when  received  and  what  for,  thus : 

Chicago,  Sept.  15,  1876. 

Received  of  J.  W.  Davis,  one  hundred  dollars,  for  services 

rendered  in  grading, his  lot  in  Fort  Madison,  on  account. 

^        *  Thomas  Brady. 

If  receipt  is  in  full,  it  should  be  so  stated. 

BILLS  OF  PURCHASE. 

^      W   N  Mason  Salem,  Illinois,  Sept.  18,  1876. 

Bought  of  A.  A.  Graham. 

4  Bushels  of  Seed  Wheat,  at  $1.50 *^  "^ 

2  Seamless  Sacks  "        30 __^ 

Received  payment,  $6  ^^ 

A.  A.     Graham. 


288  ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS. 

CONFESSION  OF  JUDGMENT. 

^ .  ,  Iowa, ,  18 — . 

after  date  —  promises  to  pay  to  the  order  of ,  dollars, 

at ,  for  value  received,  with  interest  at  ten  per  cent,  per  annum  after 

until  paid.     Interest  payable ,  and  on  interest  not  paid  when  due, 

interest  at  same  rate  and  conditions. 

A  failure  to  pay  said  interest,  or  any  part  tliereof,  within  20  days  after  due,  shall  cause  the 
whole  note  to  become  due  and  collectable  at  once. 

If  this  note  is  sued,  or  judgment  is  confessed  hereon,  $ shall  be  allowed  as  attorney  fees. 

No.  — .  P.  0. ,  . 

COFFESSION  OF  JUDGMENT. 

—  VS.  — .     In  Court  of County,  Iowa, ,  of 

County,  Iowa,  do  hereby  confess  that justly  indebted  to ,  in  the 

sum  of dollars,  and  the  further  sum  of  $ as  attorney  fees,  with 

interest  thereon  at  ten  per  cent,  from ,  and  —  hereby  confess  judgment 

against  as  defendant     in  favor  of  said ,  for  said  sum  of  $ -, 

and  $ as  attorney  fees,  hereby  authorizing  the  Clerk  of  the Court  of 

said  county  to  enter  up  judgment  for  said  sum  against  with  costs,  and 

interest  at  10  per  cent,  from ,  the  interest  to  be  paid . 

Said  debt  and  judgment  beisvg  for . 

It  is  especially  agreed,  however.  That  if  this  judgment  is  paid  within  twenty 

days  after  due,  no  attorney  fees  need  be  paid.     And  hereby  sell,  convey 

and  release  all  right  of  homestead  we  now  occupy  in  favor  of  said  so 

far  as  this  judgment  is  concerned,  and  agree  that  it  shall  be  liable  on  execution 

for  this  judgment. 

~     Dated ,  18 — .  . 


The  State  of  Iowa,  1 

County.       j 

being  duly  sworn  according  to  Isiw,  depose  and  say  that  the  forego- 
ing statement  and  Confession  of  Judgment  was  read  over  to ,  and  that  — 

understood  the  contents  thereof,  and  that  the  statements  contained  therein  are 

true,  and  that  the  sums  therein  mentioned  are  justly  to  become  due  said 

as  aforesaid. 


Sworn  to  and  subscribed  before  me  and  in  my  presence  by  the  said 


this day  of ,  18 — . ,  Notary  Public. 

ARTICLES  OF  AGREEMENT. 

An  agreement  is  where  one  party  promises  to  another  to  do  a  certain  thing 
in  a  certain  time  for  a  stipulated  sum.  Good  business  men  always  reduce  an 
agreement  to  writing,  which  nearly  always  saves  misunderstandings  and  trouble. 
No  particular  form  is  necessary,  but  the  facts  must  be  clearly  and  explicitly 
stated,  and  there  must,  to  make  it  valid,  be  a  reasonable  consideration. 

GENERAL  FORM  OP  AGREEMENT. 

This  Agreement,  made  the  Second  day  of  June,  1878,  between  John 
Jones,  of  Keokuk,  County  of  Lee,  State  of  Iowa,  of  the  first  part,  and  Thomas 
Whiteside,  of  the  same  place,  of  the  second  part — 

WITNESSETH,  that  the  said  John  Jones,  in  consideration  of  the  agreement 
of  the  party  of  the  second  part,  hereinafter  contained,  contracts  and  agrees  to 


ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS.  289 

and  with  the  said  Thomas  Whiteside,  that  he  will  deliver  in  good  and  market- 
able condition,  at  the  Village  of  Melrose,  Iowa,  during  the  month  of  November 
of  this  year.  One  Hundred  Tons  of  Prairie  Hay,  in  the  following  lots,  and  at 
the  following  specified  times ;  namely,  twenty-five  tons  by  the  seventh  of  Nov- 
ember, twenty-five  tons  additional  by  the  fourteenth  of  the  month,  twenty-five 
tons  more  by  the  twenty-first,  and  the  entire  one  hundred  tons  to  be  all  delivered 
by  the  thirtieth  of  November. 

And  the  said  Thomas  Whiteside,  in  consideration  of  the  prompt  fulfillment 
of  this  contract,  on  the  part  of  the  party  of  the  first  part,  contracts  to  and  agrees 
with  the  said  John  Jones,  to  pay  for  said  hay  five  dollars  per  ton,  for  each  ton 
as  soon  as  delivered. 

In  case  of  failure  of  agreement  by  either  of  the  parties  hereto,  it  is  hereby 
stipulated  and  agreed  that  the  party  so  failing  shall  pay  to  the  other.  One  Hun- 
dred dollars,  as  fixed  and  settled  damages. 

In  witness  whereof,  we  have  hereunto  set  our  hands  the  day  and  year  first 
above  written.  John  Jones, 

Thomas  Whiteside. 

agreement  with  clerk  for  services. 

This  Agreement,  made  the  first  day  of  May,  one  thousand  eight  hundred 
and  seventy-eight,  between  Reuben  Stone,  of  Dubuque,  County  of  Dubuque, 
State  of  Iowa,  party  of  the  first  part,  and  George  Barclay,  of  McGregor, 
County  of  Clayton,  State  of  Iowa,  party  of  the  second  part — 

WITNESSETH,  that  said  George  Barclay  agrees  faithfully  and  diligently  to 
work  as  clerk  and  salesman  for  the  said  Reuben  Stone,  for  and  during  the  space 
of  one  year  from  the  date  hereof,  should  both  live  such  length  of  time,  without 
absenting  himself  from  his  occupation  ;  during  which  time  he,  the  said  Barclay,  in 
the  store  of  said  Stone,  of  Dubuque,  will  carefully,  and  honestly  attend,  doing 
and  performing  all  duties  as  clerk  and  salesman  aforesaid,  in  accordance  and  in 
all  respects  as  directed  and  desired  by  the  said  Stone. 

In  consideration  of  which  services,  so  to  be  rendered  by  the  said  Barclay,  the 
said  Stone  agrees  to  pay  to  said  Barclay  the  annual  sum  of  one  thousand  dol- 
lars, payable  in  twelve  equal  monthly  payments,  each  upon  the  last  day  of  each 
month  ;  provided  that  all  dues  for  days  of  absence  from  business  by  said  Barclay, 
shall  be  deducted  from  the  sum  otherwise  by  the  agreement  due  and  payable  by 
the  said  Stone  to  the  said  Barclay. 

Witness  our  hands.  Reuben  Stone. 

George  Barclay. 

BILLS  OF  SALE. 

A  bill  of  sale  is  a  written  agreement  to  another  party,  for  a  consideration  to 
convey  his  right  and  interest  in  the  personal  property.  The  purchaser  must 
take,  actual  possession  of  the  property,  or  the  bill  of  sale  must  he  acknowledged 
and  recorded. 

COMMON  FORM  OF  BILL  OF  SALE. 

Know  all  Men  by  this  instrument,  that  I,  Louis  Clay,  of  Burlington, 
Iowa,  of  the  first  part,  for  and  in  consideration  of  Five  Hundred  and  len 
Dollars,  to  me  paid  by  John  Floyd,  of  the  same  place,  of  the  second  part,  the 
receipt  whereof  is  hereby  acknowledged,  have  sold,  and  by  this  instrument  do 
convey  unto  the  said  Floyd,  party  of  the  second  part,  his  executors,  administrar 
tors  and  assigns,  my  undivided  half  of  ten  acres  of  corn,  now  growing  on  tbe 
farm   of  Thomas   Tyrell,  in  the  town  above  mentioned ;  one  pair  ot  horses, 


290  ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS. 

sixteen  sheep,  and  five  cows,  belonging  to  me  and  in  my  possession  at  the  farm 
aforesaid ;  to  have  and  to  hold  the  same  unto  the  party  of  the  second  part,  his 
executors  and  assigns  forever.  And  I  do,  for  myself  and  legal  representatives, 
agree  with  the  said  party  of  the  second  part,  and  his  legal  representatives,  to 
warrant  and  defend  the  sale  of  the  afore-mentioned  property  and  chattels  unto 
the  said  party  of  the  second  part,  and  his  legal  representatives,  against  all  and 
every  person  whatsoever. 

In  witness  whereof,  I  have  hereunto  affixed  my  hand,  this  tenth  day  of 
October,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy-six. 

Louis  Clay. 
NOTICE  TO  QUIT. 
To  F.  W.  Arlen, 

Sir:  Please  observe  that  the  term  of  one  year,  for  which  the  house  and 
land,  situated  at  No.  6  Indiana  Street,  and  now  occupied  by  you,  were  rented 
to  you,  expired  on  the  first  day  of  October,  1875,  and  as  1  desire  to  repossess 
said  premises,  you  are  hereby  requested  and  required  to  vacate  the  same. 

Respectfully  Yours, 

P.  T.  Barnum. 
Lincoln,  Neb.,  October  4,  1875. 

TENANT'S  NOTICE  OF  LEAVING. 
Dear  Sir  : 

The  premises  I  now  occupy  as  your  tenant,  at  No.  6  Indiana  Street,  I  shall 
vacate  on  the  first  day  of  November,  1875.  You  will  please  take  notice 
accordingly. 

Dated  this  tenth  day  of  October,  1875.  F.  W.  Arlen. 

To  P.  T.  Barnum,  Esq. 

GENERAL  FORM  OF  WILL  FOR  REAL  AND  PERSONAL 

PROPERTY. 

I,  Charles  Mansfield,  of  the  Town  of  Bellevue,  County  of  Jackson,  State 
of  Iowa,  being  aware  of  the  uncertainty  of  life,  and  in  failing  health,  but  of 
sound  mind  and  memory,  do  make  and  declare  this  to  be  my  last  will  and  tes- 
tament, in  manner  following,  to-wit : 

First.  I  give,  devise  and  bequeath  unto  my  eldest  son,  Sidney  H.  Mans- 
field, the  sum  of  Two  Thousand  Dollars,  of  bank  stock,  now  in  the  Third 
National  Bank,  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  the  farm  owned  by  myself,  in  the 
Township  of  Iowa,  consisting  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres,  with  all  the 
houses,  tenements  and  improvements  thereunto  belonging ;  to  have  and  to  hold 
unto  my  said  son,  his  heirs  and  assigns,  forever. 

Second.  I  give,  devise  and  bequeath  to  each  of  my  two  daughters,  Anna 
Louise  Mansfield  and  Ida  Clara  Mansfield,  each  Two  Thousand  Dollars  in  bank 
stock  in  the  Third  National  Bank  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio ;  and  also,  each  one 
quarter  section  of  land,  owned  by  myself,  situated  in  the  Township  of  Fairfield, 
and  recorded  in  my  name  in  the  Recorder's  office,  in  the  county  where  such  land 
is  located.  The  north  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  said  half  section  is 
devised  to  my  eldest  daughter,  Anna  Louise. 

Third.  I  give,  devise  and  bequeath  to  my  son,  Frank  Alfred  Mansfield,  five 
shares  of  railroad  stock  in  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  and  my  one  hundred 
and  sixty  acres  of  land,  and  saw-mill  thereon,  situated  in  Manistee,  Michigan, 
with  all  the  improvements  and  appurtenances  thereunto  belonging,  which  said 
real  estate  is  recorded  in  my  name,  in  the  county  where  situated. 


ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS.  291 

Fourth.  I  give  to  my  wife,  Victoria  Elizabeth  Mansfield,  all  my  household 
fiirniture,  goods,  chattels  and  personal  property,  about  my  home,  not  hitherto 
disposed  of,  including  Eight  Thousand  Dollars  of  bank  stock  in  the  Third 
National  Bank  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  fifteen  shares  in  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  and  the  free  and  unrestricted  use,  possession  and  benefit  of  the  home 
farm  so  long  as  she  may  live,  in  lieu  of  dower,  to  which  she  is  entitled  by  law 
— said  farm  being  my  present  place  of  residence. 

Fifth.  I  bequeath  to  my  invalid  father,  Elijah  H.  Mansfield,  the  income 
from  rents  of  my  store  building  at  145  Jackson  street,  Chicago,  Illinois,  during 
the  term  of  his  natural  life.  Said  building  and  land  therewith  to  revert  to 
my  said  sons  and  daughters  in  equal  proportion,  upon  the  demise  of  my  said 
father. 

Sixth.  It  is  also  my  will  and  desire  that,"at  the  death  of  my  wife,  Victoria 
Elizabeth  Mansfield,  or  at  any  time  when  she  may  arrange  to  relinquish  her 
life  interest  in  the  above  mentioned  homestead,  the  same  may  revert  to  my 
above  named  children,  or  to  the  lawful  heirs  of  each. 

And  lastly.  I  nominate  and  appoint  as  the  executors  of  this,  my  last  will 
and  testament,  my  wife,  Victoria  Elizabeth  Mansfield,  and  my  eldest  son,  Sidney 
H.  Mansfield. 

I  further  direct  that  my  debts  and  necessary  funeral  expenses  shall  be  paid 
from  moneys  now  on  deposit  in  the  Savings  Bank  of  Bellevue,  the  residue  of 
such  moneys  to  revert  to  my' wife,  Victoria  Elizabeth  Mansfield,  for  her  use  for- 
ever. 

In  witness  whereof,  I,  Charles  Mansfield,  to  this  my  last  will  and  testament, 
have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  seal,  this  fourth  day  of  April,  eighteen  hundred 
and  seventy-two. 

Charles  Mansfield. 

Signed,  and  declared  by  Charles  Mansfield,  as  and  for  his  last  will  and  tes- 
ment,  in  the  presence  of  us,  who,  at  his  request,  and  in  his  presence,  and  in 
the  presence  of  each  other,  have  subscribed  our  names  hereunto  as  witnesses 
thereof  Peter  A.  Schenck,  Dubuque,  Iowa, 

Frank  E.  Dent,  Bellevue,  Iowa. 

CODICIL. 

Whereas  I,  Charles  Mansfield,  did,  on  the  fourth  day  of  April,  one  thousand 
eight  hundred  and  seventy-two,  make  my  last  will  and  testament,  I  do  now,  by 
this  writing,  add  this  codicil  to  my  said  will,  to  be  taken  as  a  part  thereof. 

Whereas,  by  the  dispensation  of  Providence,  my  daughter,  Anna  Louise, 
has  deceased,  November  fifth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-three  ;  and  whereas, 
a  son  has  been  born  to  me,  which  son  is  now  christened  Richard  Albert  Mans- 
field, I  give  and  bequeath  unto  him  my  gold  watch,  and  all  right,  interest  and 
title  in  lands  and  bank  stock  and  chattels  bequeathed  to  my  deceased  daughter, 
Anna  Louise,  in  the  body  of  this  will. 

In  witness  whereof,  I  hereunto  place  my  hand  and  seal,  this  tenth  day  of 
March,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-five.  Charles  Mansfield. 

Signed,  sealed,  published  and  declared  to  us  by  the  testator,  Charles  Mans- 
field, as  and  for  a  codicil  to  be  annexed  to  his  last  will  and  testament.  And 
we,  at  his  request,  and  in  his  presence,  and  in  the  presence  of  each  other,  have 
subscribed  our  names  as  witnesses  thereto,  at  the  date  hereof. 

Frank  E.  Dent,  Bellevue,  Iowa, 
John  C.  Shay,  Bellevue,  Iowa. 


292  ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS. 

(Form  No.  1.) 

SATISFACTION  OF  MORTGAGE. 


>ss. 


State  of  Iowa,  1 

County,    j  ' 

I  of  the  County  of ,  State  of  Iowa,  do  hereby  acknowledge 

that  a  certain 'indenture  of  ,  bearing  date  the  day  of ,  A.  D.,. 

18—,  made  and  executed  by and ,  his  wife,  to  said on 

the  following  described  Real    Estate,  in    the  County   of  — ,   and   State  of 

Iowa,  to-wit :  (here  insert  description)  and  filed  for  record  in  the   ofiEce  of  the 

Recorder  of  the  County  of ,  and  State  of  Iowa,  on  the day  of , 

A.  D.  ]  8 — ,  at o'clock      .  M. ;  and  recorded  in  Book of  Mortgage 

Records,  on  page ,  is  redeemed,  paid  off,  satisfied  and  discharged  in  full. 

.     [seal.] 

State  op  Iowa,  "I 

County,    j 

Be  it  Remembered,  That  on  this day  of  ,  A.  D.  18 — ,  before 

me  the  undersigned,  a in  and  for  said  county,  personally  appeared , 

to  me  personally  known  to  be  the  identical  person     who  executed  the  above 

(satisfaction  of  mortgage)  as  grantor,  and  acknowledged signature 

thereto  to  be voluntary  act  and  deed. 

Witness  my  hand  and seal,  the  day  and  year  last  above 

/  written.  • 

ONE  FORM  OF  REAL  ESTATE  MORTGAGE. 

Know  all  Men  by  these  Presents  :  That ,  of  County,  and 

State  of  ,  in  consideration  of  — dollars,  in  hand  paid  by of 

County,  and  State  of ,  do  hereby  sell  and  convey  unto  the  said 

the  following  described  premises,  situated  in  the  County ,  and  State  of 

,  to  wit :  (here  insert  description,)  and do  hereby  covenant  with  the 

said  — —  that lawfully  seized  of  said  premises,  that  they  are  free  from 

incumbrance,  that have  good  right  and  lawful  authority  to  sell  and  convey 

the  same ;  and do  hereby  covenant  to  warrant  and  defend  the  same  against 

the  lawful  claims  of  all  persons  whomsoever.     To  be  void  upon  condition  that 

the  said shall  pay  the  full  amount  of  principal  and  interest  at  the  time 

therein  specified,  of certain  promissory  note    for  the  sum  of dollars. 

One  note  for  $ ,  due ,  18 — ,  with  interest  annually  at per  cent. 

One  note  for  $ ,  due ,  18 — ,  with  interest  annually  at per  cent. 

One  note  for  $ ,  due ,  18 — ,  with  interest  annually  at per  cent. 

One  note  for  $ ,  due ,  18 — ,  with  interest  annually  at per  cent. 

And  the  said  Mortgagor  agrees  to  pay  all  taxes  that  may  be  levied  upon  the 
above  described  premises.  It  is  also  agreed  by  the  Mortgagor  that  if  it  becomes 
necessary  to  foreclose  this  mortgage,  a  reasonable  amount  shall  be  allowed  as  an 

attorney's  fee  for  foreclosing.     And  the  said hereby  relinquishes  all  her 

right  of  dower  and  homestead  in  and  to  the  above  described  premises. 
Signed  to day  of ,  A.  D.  18—. 


[Acknowledge  as  in  Form  No.  l.J 


ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS.  293 

SECOND  FORM  OP  REAL  ESTATE  MORTGAGE. 

This  Indenture,  made  and  executed by  and  between of  the 

county  of and  State  of ,  part     of  the  first  part,  and of  the 

county  of and  State  of party  of  the  second  part,  Witnesseth,  that  the 

said  part     of  the  first  part,  for  and  in  consideration  of  the  sum  of dollars 

paid  by  the  said  party  of  the  second  part,  the  receipt  of  which  is  hereby 
acknowledged,  have  granted  and  sold,  and  do  by  these  presents,  grant,  bargain, 

sell,  convey  and  confirm,  unto  the  said  party  of  the  second  part, heirs  and 

assigns  forever,  the  certain  tract  or  parcel  of  real  estate  situated  in  the  county 
of and  State  of ,  described  as  follows,  to-wit : 

(Here  insert  description.) 

The  said  part  of  the  first  part  represent  to  and  covenant  with  the  part  of 
the  second  part,  that  he  have  good  right  to  sell  and  convey  said  premises, 
that  they  are  free  from  encumbrance  and  that  he  will  warrant  and  defend 
them  against  the  lawful  claims  of  all  persons  whomsoever,  and  do  expressly 
hereby  release  all  rights  of  dower  in  and  to  said  premises,  and  relinquish  and 
convey  all  rights  of  homestead  therein. 

This  Instrument  is  made,  executed  and  delivered  upon  the  following  con- 
ditions, to-wit  : 

First.     Said  first  part     agree  to  pay  said or  order 

Second.  Said  first  part  further  agree  as  is  stipulated  in  said  note,  that  if 
he  shall  fail  to  pay  any  of  said  interest  when  due,  it  shall  bear  interest  at  the 
rate  of  ten  per  cent,  per  annum,  from  the  time  the  same  becomes  due,  and  this 
mortgage  shall  stand  as  security  for  the  same. 

Third.  Said  first  part  further  agree  that  he  will  pay  all  taxes  and 
assessments  levied  upon  said  real  estate  before  the  same  become  delinquent,  and 
if  not  paid  the  holder  of  this  mortgage  may  declare  the  whole  sum  of  money 
herein  secured  due  and  collectable  at  once,  or  he  may  elect  to  pay  such  taxes  or 
assessments,  and  be  entitled  to  interest  on  the  same  at  the  rate  of  ten  per  cent, 
per  annum,  and  this  mortgage  shall  stand  as  security  for  the  amount  so  paid. 
Fourth.     Said  first  part     further  agree    that  if    he    fail  to  pay  any  of  said 

money,  either  principal  or  interest,  within days  after  the  same  becomes 

due ;  or  fail  to  conform  or  comply  with  any  of  the  foregoing  conditions  or  agree- 
ments, the  whole  sum  herein  secured  shall  become  due  and  payable  at  once,  and 
this  mortgage  may  thereupon  be  foreclosed  immediately  for  the  whole  of  said 
money,  interest  and  costs. 

Fifth.  Said  part  further  agree  that  in  the  event  of  the  non-payment  of  either 
principal,  interest  or  taxes  when  due,  and  upon  the  filing  of  a  bill  of  foreclosure 
of  this  mortgage,  an  attorney's  fee  of dollars  shall  become  due  and  pay- 
able, and  shall  be  by  the  court  taxed,  and  this  mortgage  shall  stand  as  security 
therefor,  and  the  same  shall  be  included  in  the  decree  of  foreclosure  and  shall 
be  made  by  the  Sherifi"  on  general  or  special  execution  with  the  other  money, 
interest  and  costs,  and  the  contract  embodied  in  this  mortgage  and  the  note 
described  herein,  shall  in  all  respects  be  governed,  constructed  and  adjudged 

by  the  laws  of ,  where  the  same  is  made.     The  foregoing  conditions 

being  performed,  this  conveyance  to  be  void,  otherwise  of  full  force  and  virtue. 


[Acknowledge  as  in  form  No.  l.J 


294  ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS. 

FORM  OF  LEASE. 

This  Article  of  Agreement,  Made  and  entered  into  on  this day  of 

,  A.  D.  187-,  by  and  between ,  of  the  county  of ,  and 

State  of  Iowa,  of  the  first  part,   and ,  of  the  county  of — , 

and  State  of  Iowa,  of  the  second  part,  witnesseth  that  the  said  party  of  the  first 
part  has  this  day  leased  unto  the  party  of  the  second  part  the  following  described 
premises,  to  wit : 

[^Here  insert  Description.'] 

for  the  term  of from  and  after  the  —  day  of ,  A.  D.  187-,  at 

the rent  of dollars,  to  be  paid  as  follows,  to  wit : 

^Here  insert  Terms.] 

And  it  is  further  agreed  that  if  any  rent  shall  be  due  and  unpaid,  or  if 
default  be  made  in  any  of  the  covenants  herein  contained,  it  shall  then  be  law- 
ful for  the  said  party  of  the  first  part  to  re-enter  the  said  premises,  or  to  destrain 
for  such  rent ;  or  he  may  recover  possession  thereof,  by  action  of  forcible  entry 
and  detainer,  notwithstanding  the  provision  of  Section  3,612  of  the  Code  of 
1873 ;  or  he  may  use  any  or  all  of  said  remedies. 

And  the  said  party  of  the  second  part  agrees  to  pay  to  the  party  of  the  first 
part  the  rent  as  above  stated,  except  when  said  premises  are  untenantable  by 
reason  of  fire,  or  from  any  other  cause  than  the  carelessness  of  the  party  of  the 

second  part,  or  persons family,  or  in employ,  or  by  superior  force 

and  inevitable  necessity.     And  the  said  party  of  the  second  part  covenants 

that will  use  the  said  premises  as  a ,  and  for  no  other  purposes 

whatever ;  and  that especially  will  not  use  said  premises,  or  permit  the 

same  to  be  used,  for  any  unlawful  business  or  purpose  whatever ;  that will 

not  sell,  assign,  underlet  or  relinquish  said  premises  without  the  written  consent 

of  the  lessor,  under  penalty  of  a  forfeiture  of  all rights  under  this  lease,  at 

the  election  of  the  party  of  the  first  part ;  and  that will  use  all  due  care 

and  diligence  in  guarding  said  property,  with  the  buildings,  gates,  fences,  trees, 
vines,  shrubbery,  etc.,  from  damage  by  fire,  and  the  depredations  of  animals; 

that will  keep  buildings,  gates,  fences,  etc.,  in  as  good  repair  as  they  now 

are,  or  may  at  any  time  be  placed  by  the  lessor,  damages  by  superior  force, 
inevitable  necessity,  or  fire  from  any  other  cause  than  from  the  carelessness  of 

the  lessee,  or  persons  of family,  or  in employ,  excepted  ;  and  that 

at  the  expiration  of  this  lease,  or  upon  a  breach  by  said  lessee  of  any  of  the  said 

covenants  herein  contained, will,  without  further  notice  of  any  kind,  quit 

and  surrender  the  possession  and  occupancy  of  said  premises  in  as  good  condi- 
tion as  reasonable  use,  natural  wear  and  decay  thereof  will  permit,  damages  by 
fire  as  aforesaid,  superior  force,  or  inevitable  necessity,  only  excepted. 

In  witness  whereof,  the  said  parties  have  subscribed  their  names  on  the  date 
first  above  written. 

In  presence  of 

FORM  OF  NOTE. 


-,18- 


On  or  before  the  —  day  of ,  18 — ,  for  value  received,  I  promise  to 

pay or  order, dollars,  with  interest  from  date  until  paid, 

at  ten  per  cent,  per  annum,  payable  annually,  at .     Unpaid  interest 

shall  bear  interest  at  ten  per  cent,  per  annum.     On  failure  to  pay  interest 

within days  after  due,  the  whole  sum,  principal  and  interest,  shall  become 

due  at  once.  


ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS.  297 

CHATTEL  MORTGAGE. 

Know  all  Men  by  these  Presents  :     That of County  and 

State  of in  consideration  of dollars,  in  hand  paid  by ,  of ' 

County  and  State  of do  hereby  sell  and  convey  unto  the  said the 

following  described  personal  property,  now  in  the  possession  of in  the 

county and  State  of ,  to  wit : 

\_JIere  insert  description.'] 

And do  hereby  warrant  the  title  of  said  property,  and  that  it  is  free  from 

any  incumbrance  or  lien.  The  only  right  or  interest  retained  by  grantor  in 
and  to  said  property  being  the  right  of  redemption  as  herein  provided.  This 
conveyance  to  be  void  upon  condition  that  the  said  grantor  shall  pay  to  said 
grantee,  or  his  assigns,  the  full  amount  of  principal  and  interest  at  the   time 

therein  specified,  of certain  promissory  notes  of  even  date  herewith,  for 

the  sum  of dollars, 

One  note  for  $ ,  due ,  18 — ,  with  interest  annually  at per  cent. 

One  note  for  $ ,  due ,  18 — ,  with  interest  annually  at per  cent. 

One  note  for  $ ,  due ,  18 — ,  with  interest  annually  at per  cent. 

One  note  for  $ ,  due ,  18 — ,  with  interest  annually  at per  cent. 

The  grantor  to  pay  all  taxes  on  said  property,  and  if  at  any  time  any  part 
or  portion  of  said  notes  should  be  due  and  unpaid,  said  grantee  may  proceed  by 
sale  or  foreclosure  to  collect  and  pay  himself  the  unpaid  balance  of  said  notes, 
whether  due  or  not,  the  grantor  to  pay  all  necessary  expense  of  such  foreclosure, 

including  $— Attorney's  fees,  and  whatever  remains  after  paying  off  said 

notes  and  exp^enses,  to  be  paid  over  to  said  grantor. 

Signed  the day  of ,  18 — .  . 

[Acknowledged  as  in  form  No.  1.]    . 

WARRANTY  DEED. 

Know  all  Men  by  these  Presents  :  That of County  and 

State  of ,  in  consideration  of  the  sum  of Dollars,  in  hand  paid  by 

of ,  County  and  State  of ,  do  hereby  sell  and  convey  unto 

the  said and  to heirs  and  assigns,  the  following  described  premises, 

situated  in  the  County  of ,  State  of  Iowa,  to-wit : 

[^Here  insert  description.] 

And  I  do  hereby  covenant  with  the  said that  —  lawfully  seized  in  fee 

simple,  of  said  premises,  that  they  are  free  from  incumbrance  ;  that  —  ha  good 
right  and  lawful  authority  to  sell  the  same,  and  —  do  hereby  covenant  to  war- 
rant and  defend  the  said  premises  and  appurtenances  thereto  belonging,  against 
the  lawful  claims  of  all  persons  whomsoever ;  and  the  said hereby  re- 
linquishes all  her  right  of  dower  and  of  homestead  in  and  to  the  above  described 
premises. 

Signed  the day  of ,  A.  D.  18—. 

IN  PRESENCE  OF 


[Acknowledged  as  in  Form  No.  1.] 

QUIT  CLAIM  DEED. 

Know  all  Men  by  these  Presents  :     That -,  of 9°"^*^^ 

State  of ,  in  consideration  of  the  sum  of .dollars,  to  -  m  hand 

paid  by ,  of  County,  State  of  ,  the  receipt  whereof  -  do 


298  ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS. 

hereby  ackriowledge,have  bargained,  sold  and  quit-claimed,  and  by  these  presents 

do  bargain,  sell  and  quit-claim  unto  the  said and  to  —  heirs  and  assigns 

forever,  all  —  right,  title,  interest,  estate,  claim  and  demand,  both  at  law  and 
in  equity,  and  as  well  in  possession  as  in  expectancy?  of,  in  and  to  the  following 
described  premises,  to  wit :  [here  insert  description]  with  all  and  singular  the 
hereditaments  and  appurtenances  thereto  belonging. 

Signed  this day  of ,  A.  D.  18 — . 

Signed  in  Presence  or  


[Acknowledged  as  in  form  No.  l.J 

BOND  FOR  DEED. 

Know  all  Men  by  these  Presents:     That  of  County, 

and  State  of am  held  and  firmly  bound  unto of County,  and 

State  of ,  in  the  sum  of Dollars,  to  be  paid  to  the  said ,  his 

executors  or  assigns,  for  which  payment  well  and  truly  to  be  made,  I  bind  myself 
firmly  by  these  presents.     Signed  the day  of A.  D.  18  — . 

The  condition  of  this  obligation  is  such,  that  if  the  said  obligee  shall  pay  to 
said  obligor,  or  his  assigns,  the  full  amount  of  principal  and  interest  at  the  time 
therein  specified,  of  —  certain  promissory  note     of  even  date  herewith,  for  the 

sum  of Dollars, 

One  note  for  $ ,  due ,  18  — ,  with  interest  annually  at  —  per  cent. 

One  note  for  $ ,  due ,  18  — ,  with  interest  annually  at. —  per  cent. 

One  note  for  $ ,  due ,  1 8  — ,  with  interest  annually  at  —  per  cent. 

and  pay  all  taxes  accruing  upon  the  lands  herein  described,  then  said  obligor 
shall  convey  to  the  said  obligee,  or  his  assigns,  that  certain  tract  or  parcel  of 
real  estate,  situated  in  the  County  of and  State  of  Iowa,  described  as  fol- 
lows, to  wit:' [here  insert  description,]  by  a  Warranty  Deed,  with  the  usual 
covenants,  duly  executed  and  acknowledged. 

If  said  obligee  should  fail  to  make  the  payments  as  above  stipulated,  or  any 
part  thereof,  as  the  same  becomes  due,  said  obligor  may  at  his  option,  by  notice 
to  the  obligee  terminate  his  liability  under  the  bond  and  resume  the  possession 
and  absolute  control  of  said  premises,  time  being  the  essence  of  this  agreement. 

On  the  fulfillment  of  the  above  conditions  this  obligation  to  become  void, 
otherwise  to  remain  in  full  force  and  virtue ;  unless  terminated  by  the  obligor 
as  above  stipulated. 


[Acknowledge  as  in  form  No.  1.] 

SUGGESTIONS  TO  THOSE  PURCHASING  BOOKS  BY  SUBSCRIP- 
TION. 

The  business  of  pitiUshing  books  by  subscription,  having  so  often  been 
brought  into  disrepute  by  agents  making  representations  and  declarations  not 
authorized  by  the  publisher,  in  order  to  prevent  that  as  much  as  possible,  and 
that  there  may  be  more  general  knowledge  of  the  relation  such  agents  bear  to 
their  principal,  and  the  law  governing  such  cases,  the  following  statement  is 
made : 

A  subscription  is  in  the  nature  of  a  contract  of  mutual  promises,  by  which 
the  subscriber  agrees  to  pay  a  certain  sum  for  the  work  described ;  the  consid- 
eration is  concurrent  that  the  publisher  shall  publish  the  booh  named,  and 


ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS.  299 

deliver  the  same,  for  which  the  subscriber  is  to  pay  the  price  named.  The 
nature  and  character  of  the  work  its  described  hy  the  prospectus  and  sample 
shown.  These  should  be  carefully  examined  before  subscribing,  as  they  are 
the  basis  and  consideration  of  the  promise  to  pay,  and  not  the  too  often  exag- 
gerated statements  of  the  agent,  who  is  merely  employed  to  solicit  subscriptions, 
for  which  he  is  usually  paid  a  commission  for  each  subscriber,  and  has  wo 
authority  to  change  or  alter  the  conditions  upon  which  the  subscriptions  are 
authorized  to  be  made  by  the  publisher.  Should  the  agent  assume  to  agree  to 
make  the  subscription  conditional  or  modify  or  change  the  agreement  of  the 
publisher,  as  set  out  by  the  prospectus  and  sample,  in  order  to  bind  the  princi- 
pal, the  subscriber  should  see  that  such  condition  or  changes  are  stated  over  or 
in  connection  with  his  signature,  so  that  the  publisher  may  have  notice  of  the 
game. 

All  persons  making  contracts  in  reference  to  matters  of  this  kind,  or  any 
other  business,  should  remember  that  the  law  as  written  is,  that  they  can  not  be 
altered,  varied  or  rescinded  verbally,  but  if  done  at  all,  must  be  done  in  writing. 
It  is  therefore  important  that  all  persons  contemplating  subscribing  should 
distinctly  understand  that  all  talk  before  or  after  the  subscription  is  made,  is  not 
admissible  as  evidence,  and  is  no  part  of  the  contract. 

Persons  employed  to  solicit  subscriptions  are  known  to  the  trade  as  can- 
vassers. They  are  agents  appointed  to  do  a  particular  business  in  a  prescribed 
mode,  and  have  no  authority  to  do  it  any  other  way  to  the  prejudice  of  their 
principal,  nor  can  they  bind  their  principal  in  any  other  matter.  They  can  not 
collect  money,  or  agree  that  payment  may  be  made  in  anything  else  but  money. 
They  can  not  extend  the  time  of  payment  beyond  the  time  of  delivery,  nor  bind 
their  principal  for  the  payment  of  expenses  incurred  in  their  business. 

B  would  save  a  great  deal  of  trouble,  and  often  serious  loss,  if  persons, 
before  signing  their  names  to  any  subscription  book,  or  any  written  instrument, 
would  examine  carefully  what  it  is ;  if  they  can  not  read  themselves  call  on 
some  one  disinterested  who  can. 


E  ER  ATA. 


Page  505.     Fourth  line  of  Olive  Branch  Chapter,  No  48,  Thomas   Toogrod 

should  read  Toogood.  — 

Page  514.     End  of  fourth  line  from  top  of  page,  date  1851  should  read  1858 ; 

next  line,  I.  W.  Qrist  shQuld  be  I.  W.  Grhrist, 
Page  626.     Last  line  of  "Business  Interests,"  Session  should  be  Sisson. 
Page  530.     Last  line  but  one  before  Greeley,  Rev.  should  be  Pres. 
Page  530.     Third  line  of  GtKBBLEY — Richard  T.  Barrett  should  be  Richard  F. 

Last  line  of  same  paragraph,  Benjamiw  Lahen  should  be  Benjamin  Lahin. 
Page  535.     Second  line,  fourth  word  under  head  of  "Religious"  should  be  ly 

instead  of  when. 
Page  536.     Fifth  line  from  bottom,  J.  A.  Hooker  should  be  J.  A.  Hooker. 
Page  540.     Sixteenth  line  from  bottom,  "the  first  brick  house"  should  read 

"the  first  brick  sohooi house." 
Page  543.     The  date  at  end  of  fifth  line  should  be  1856  instead  of  1852. 
Page  558.     The  first  line  of  Delaware  Center,  the  date  1853  should  be  1854. 
Page  607.     Delhi  Township,  Swinbune  J.  B   should  be  Swinburne  J.  B. 


The  pages  to  331  are  omitted,  on  aoootmt  of  a  mistake  in  calculating  the  amount 

of  preceding  matter. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

•-•-• 

At  the  close  of  the  Black  Hawk  war,  in  August,  1832,  by  treaty,  the  Sac 
and  Fox  tribes  of  Indians,  until  then  the '  undisputed  occupants  of  the  lands 
lying  west  of  the  Mississippi,  included  in  the  present  State  of  Iowa,  ceded  to 
the  United  States  a  strip  bordering  on  the  Mississippi  and  extending  westward 
about  fifty  miles,  which  was  called  "  The  Black  Hawk  Purchase."  The 
western  boundary  of  this  purchase  was  fifty  miles  west  of  the  river  and  paral- 
lel with  it,  and  of  course  included  the  present  territory  of  Delaware  County. 
This  treaty  went  into  operation  June  1,  1833. 

In  June,  1834,  the  Black  Hawk  Purchase  was  made  a  part  of  Michigan 
Territory,  and  in  September  following,  the  Legislature  of  that  Territory  erected 
two  counties  west  of  the  Mississippi^Dubuque  and  Des  Moines — the  dividing 
line  being  drawn  westward  from  the  foot  of  Rock  Island,  and  these  counties 
were  partially  organized.  July  4,  1836,  Wisconsin  Territory  was  erected,  includ- 
ing the  two  Iowa  counties  of  Dubuque  and  Des  Moines.  Under  Wisconsin 
jurisdiction,  Dubuque  County  was  divided,  in  1837,  into  Dubuque,  Delaware, 
Clayton,  Fayette,  Buchanan,  Jackson,  Jones,  Linn,  Benton,  Clinton  and  Cedar, 
and  their  boundaries  defined.  Delaware  was  attached  to  Dubuque  for  judicial, 
revenue  and  election  purposes  until  its  organization  in  1841.  The  county  con- 
tained sixteen  congressional  townships,  and  was  bounded  as  follows  :  Commenc- 
ing at  the  northwest  corner  of  Township  90  north,  Range  2,  west  of  Fifth  Prin- 
cipal Meridian,  thence  west  to  the  northwest  corner  of  Township  90  north. 
Range  6  west,  thence  south  on  the  west  line  of  the  sixth  range  of  townships 
west  to  the  southwest  corner  of  Township  87  north.  Range  6  west,  thence  east 
to  the  southwest  corner  of  Township  87  north.  Range  2  west,  thence  north  to 
place  of  beginning.  . 

It  is  said  that  Thomas  McCraney,  Esq.,  a  member  of  the  first  Legislative 
Assembly  of  the  Territory  of  Wisconsin  from  Dubuque,  named  the  new  county 
in  honor  of  Delaware  County,  New  York,  from  which  he  came. 

In  tracing  the  early  settlement  of  this  county,  it  may  be  well  to  insert  here 
for  reference  the  civil  township  divisions  of  the  county,  as  they  exist  at  present, 
1878:  South  Fork,  T.  87  K,  R.  3  W. ;  North  Fork  T.  8 8  N  R-  3  W. ; 
Bremen,  T.  89  N.  R.  3  W. ;  Colony,  T.  90  N.,  R.  3  W. ;  Elk,  T.  90  N  R 
4  W. ;  Oneida,  T.  89  N.,  R.  4  W. ;  Delhi,  T.  88  N  R.  4  W  ;  Union,  T  87 
N.,  R.  4  W. ;  Hazel  Green,  T.  87  N.,  R.  5  W. ;  Milo  T  88  N.,  R.  5  W  ; 
Ddaware,  T.  89  N.,  R.  5  W. ;  Honey  Creek,  T.  90  N.,  R.  5  W. ;  Richland, 
T.  90  N.,  R.  6  W. ;  Coffin's  Grove,  T.  89  N.,  R.  6  W. ;  Prairie,  T.  88  N.,  R. 
6  W. ;  Adams,  T.  87  N.,  R.  6  W.  ^  ,     ^         m        x,-      v  ^  • 

Coffin's  Grove  is  in  the  southerly  part  of  Coffin's  Grove  Township  ;Ead8 
Grove  in  the  south  part  of  Honey  Creek,  and  extends  into  Delaware ;  Penn  s 
Grove  in  Delhi  Township;  Hickory  Grove,  north  part  of  .On^j^a  Township 
Hinkle's  Grove,  north  part  of  Honey  Creek,  near  present  site  of  York ,  Linrt- 


332  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

sey's   Grove,  western   part  of  Eads'   Grove ;    Center  Grove,  near  center  of 
county. 

The  south  fork  of  the  Maquoketa  River,  a  beautiful  and  rapidly  flowing 
stream  over  two  hundred  miles  in  length,  enters  the  county  near  the  northwest 
corner,  and  flows  in  a  general  southeasterly  direction  through  the  townships  of 
Richland,  Coffin's  Grove,  Delaware,  Milo,  Delhi,  Union  and  South  Fork.  The 
north  fork  of  the  Maquoketa  flows  for  several  miles  on  the  eastern  edge  of  North 
Fork  and  South  Fork  Townships.  Buffalo  Creek  flows  across  the  southwest 
corner  of  Adams  Township.  Coffin's  Grove  Creek  empties  into  the  Maquo- 
keta from  the  west,  just  north  of  Manchester ;  Honey  Creek  from  the  northeast, 
a  little  above ;  Spring  Branch  flows  in  from  the  north  in  Milo  Township ;  Buck 
Creek  from  the  west  from  Hazel  Green  through  Union  Township  ;  Sand  Creek 
from  the  west  from  Prairie  through  Milo ;  Plum  Creek  from  Oneida  through 
Delhi,  North  and  South  Fork ;  Bear  Creek,  in  Bremen  Township,  flows  into 
the  north  fork  of  Maquoketa,  in  Dubuque  County ;  Elk  Creek  heads  in  Elk 
Township  and  flows  north  to  the  Turkey  River  in  Clayton  County. 

Timber  skirts  the  streams,  but  about  three-fourths  of  the  county  is  beautifully 
undulating  prairie. 

The  underlying  rock  formation  is  magnesian  limestone  of  the  Niagara 
Group,  in  which  are  found  numerous  marine  fossils — corals,  shells,  articulates, 
etc.  In  many  places  the  rock  is  exposed,  and  much  of  it  is  adapted  for  build- 
ing purposes,  that  near  Delhi  being  fully  equal  to  the  celebrated  Anamosa 
stone.  Near  Colesburg,  in  Colony  Township,  is  a  deposit  of  fine  potter's  clay, 
and  good  clay  for  the  manufacture  of  brick  is  found  in  various  localities.,  In 
fact,  clay  generally  underlies  the  soil  on  the  ridges,  while  in  the  bottoms  the 
subsoil  is  sand  and  fine  gravel.  Along  the  shores  of  the  streams  are  found 
agates,  pieces  of  slate  and  pebbles  of  quartz  foreign  to  this  region,  and  boulders 
scattered  over  the  surface  are  the  silent  monuments  of  the  glacial  period. 

The  correction  line  which  runs  through  Delaware  County,  falling  near  Dy- 
ersville  (in  Dubuque  County),  Earlville,  Delaware,  Manchester  and  Masonville, 

was  run  and  the  township  lines  established  in  1886,  by  Mr. Burt  and 

Orson  Lyon.  Mr.  Burt  was  the  son  of  Judge  Burt,  of  Michigan,  the  inventor 
of  Burt's  solar  compass.  This  was  the  first  surveying  done  with  the  new  instru- 
ment, and,  says  Judge  Bailey,  "  They  did  excellent  work  with  it." 

It  is  conceded  that  William  Bennett,  from  Galena,  was  the  first  white  settler 
to  locate  within  the  limits  of  Delaware  County,  and  that  he  built  the  first  cabin 
on  the  banks  of  Honey  Creek,  in  a  beautiful  grove  now  known  as  Eads'  Grove, 
on  the  south  part  of  Section  35,  Township  90  north.  Range  5  west  of  Fifth 
Principal  Meridian.  There  is  apparently  some  conflict  of  opinion  as  to  the 
precise  date  of  his  settlement.  Some  authorities  have  stated  that  he  settled 
there  in  1836.  Hon.  Joel  Bailey,  the  oldest  living  settler  of  Delaware,  and 
perfectly  familiar  with  the  county  and  its  settlers,  says  that  Bennett,  who  was  a 
hunter  and  trapper,  probably  built  his  cabin  in  the  Winter  of  1834-5  or  Sum- 
mer following,  and  occupied  it  with  his  family  as  early  as  1835-6.  Mrs. 
Bennett  was  the  first  white  woman  now  known  to  have  settled  in  Delaware 
County.  Bennett  remained  until  the  Spring  of  1838,  when,  it  is  said,  he  re- 
moved to  Missouri. 

A  Mr.  Lindsey  was  with  Bennett  probably  as  early  as  1886,  perhaps  still 
earlier,  and  a  part  of  the  timber  afterward  known  as  Eads'  Grove  was  known 
to  the  first  settlers  as  Lindsey's  Grove.  The  West  Branch  of  Honey  Creek 
was  called  Lindsey's  Creek,  and  is  sometimes  called  by  that  name  by  the  old 
settlers  to  this  day. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  333 

Henry  T.  Garden,  a  trapper  and  Indian  trader,  is  said  to  have  built  a  cabin 
probably  as  early  as  1836  or  1837,  near  the  east  line  of  the  county,  southeast 
from  the  present  town  of  Colesburg.  Whether  he  lived  here  with  his  family  is 
uncertain,  but  he  resided  for  several  years  just  over  the  county  line  in  Dubuque 
County,  on  Section  7,  Township  89  north.  Range  2  west,  and  afterward  re- 
moved to  Fayette  County,  where,  in  February,  1843,  he  and  a  man  named  At- 
kins were  murdered  by  Winnebagoes,  to  whom  he  sold  whisky,  and  whom  he 
had  offended  by  trying  to  get  them  out  of  the  house.  The  boy  escaped,  slightly 
injured ;  the  little  girl,  after  being  ravished  by  the  fiends.  Through  the  deep 
snow,  in  a  cold  Winter  night,  these  poor  children,  wounded  and  bleeding,  made 
their  way  to  the  nearest  neighbor's  house,  one  mile,  and  were  badly  frozen  when 
they  arrived  and  told  their  tale  of  horror.  The  Indians,  three  in  number,  were 
afterward  arrested  at  Camp  Atkinson,  and  taken  to  Dubuque,  where  they  were 
confined  in  the  old  log  jail.  One  of  them  turned  "  State's  evidence,"  and  was 
released.  The  other  two  were  condemned  to  imprisonment  for  life.  Before 
leaving  for  Fort  Madison,  they  quarreled  in  jail,  and  the  larger  one  killed  his 
companion  with  a  billet  of  stove  wood. 

Mr.  Lucius  Kibbee  settled  in  Township  88  N.,  R.  3  W.  (North  Fork),  on 
Section  24,  where  Rockville  was  afterward  located,  on  the  west  bank  of  the  North 
Fork  of  the  Maquoketa,  probably  in  1836  or  early  in  1837.  Kibbee,  after  re- 
maining several  years  on  his  claim,  removed  to  Debuque  County,  where  he  died. 
His  widow  subsequenty  died  in  Linn  County,  where  one  of  the  sons  is  still  liv- 
ing in  1878. 

Jn  1837,  a  party  of  emigrants  from  the  Selkirk  cplony,  on  the  Red  River  of 
the  North,  mostly  Scotch  people,  settled  at  a  grove  in  the  northwesterly  part  of 
Jones  County,  since  called  "  Scotch  Grove."  They  came  bringing  their  house- 
hold goods  and  other  movable  property,  including  a  valuable  variety  of  spring 
wheat,  in  rude  ox-carts.* 

James  Livingston  and  Hugh  Rose  accompanied  them.  At  Dubuque,  James 
Livingston  was  joined  by  his  brother  Hugh,  who  was  in  Dubuque,  and  both 
brothers  and  Rose  settled  in  Township  87  N.,  R.  3  W.,  a  short  distance  below 
the'present  site  of  Hopkinton. 

Hugh  Livingston  came  southward  with  a  party  who  left  Red  River  in  1835. 
They  came  with  carts  to  a  point  where  St.  Cloud  now  stands,  where  they  con- 
structed boats  and  floated  down  the  Mississippi  River  to  Dubuque,  where  Hugh 
remained  until  the  arrival  of  his  brother,  and  the  remainder  of  the  party  settled 
at  Apple  River,  111. 

In  1837,  Milo  Jones,  of  Milwaukee,  secured  a  contract  for  subdividing  a 
number  of  townships  in  Iowa,  including  eight  of  the  southern  townships  in  Del- 
aware County,  and,  during  that  Summer  and  Fall,  these  townships  were  sur- 
veyed by  him  and  Joel  Bailey.  They  found  four  settlers  here  at  that  time, 
viz.:  Lucius  Kibbee,  Hugh  Livingston,  James  Livingston  and  Hugh  Rose. 

A  Mr.  Porter,  from  Ohio,  subdivided  the  townships  in  the  northern  part  of 
the  county  during  the  same  year,  but  the  work  was  very  imperfectly  done. 

The  surveyors  in  this  part  of  the  county  found  only  Wm.  Bennett  and 
Lindsey,  at  what  has  since  been  known  as  Eads'  Grove. 

The  first  settlers  in  Township  89,  Range  3  (Bremen),  was  a  Mr.  John  Flmn. 
The  date  of  his  settlement  is  not  certainly  known,  but  it  was  probably  in  the 
Fall  of  1837  or  Spring  of  1838.     He  located  on  Bear  Creek,  a  httle  east  of 

^These  carta  were  clumBy  two-wheeled  vehicles,  made  without  a  P»rticl«  of  iron  drawn  by  asing^^^^^ 
harnessed  like  a  horae.    The  harnesa  conaiated  of  wooden  hamea,  and  rawhide  tnga  and  hreeching.    With  these  pum 
itive  carta,  theae  hardy  pioneera  traveled  1,100  mUea,  piloted  by  an  old  trapper  named  Tred.  Dixon. 


334  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

the  center  of  the  township,  where  John  Bolton  now  (1878)  lives.  He  lived  for 
some  time  the  only  settler  in  the  township,  and  was  followed  by  the  Bocken- 
stedts,  seven  brothers,  "who  became  permanent  residents. 

It  is  stated,  and  generally  believed,  that  the  first  white  child  born  in  Dela- 
ware County  was  born  to  William  Bennett,  in  the  Fall  or  Winter  of  1837-38 
but  it  lived  only  a  few  days,  and  its  death  was  the  first  recorded. 

Early  in  the  Spring  of  1838,  Bennett  and  his  family  removed  southwestward 
•  and  his  father-in-law,  William  Eads,  and   his  family,  removed  from  Galena  and 
occupied  Bennett's  cabin,  in  the  timber  since  known  as  Eads'  Grove. 

John  Hinkl^e,  whose  wife  was  Eads'  daughter,  came  with  Eads  and  settled 
near  him.  Hinkle  afterward  attempted  to  make  a  claim  further  north,  in  a 
little  grove  afterward  called  Hinkle's  Grove,  near  the  spot  where  the  village  of 
York  was  subsequently  laid  out. 

In  the  same  Spring,  in  March,  Thomas  Nicholson  and  his  sons,  William 
Nicholson  and  Montgomery  Nicholson,  located  near  the  Maquoketa,  in  the  east 
part  of  the  Township  87,  N.,  R.  4  W.  (now  included  in  South  Fork  Township), 
where  Hopkinton  now  stands,  built  a  cabin  and  broke  a  little  prairie.   ' 

A  few  days  after  the  Nicholsons,  Joel  Bailey,  who  had  assisted  in  the  sur- 
vey during  the  previous  season,  Cyrus  Keeler  and  John  Keeler  came  from 
Milwaukee.  They  had  intended  to  locate  where  Hopkinton  now  stands,  but, 
arriving  there  in  March,  they  found  that  Nicholson  and  his  sons  were  ahead  of 
them,  and  they  came  up  the  river  and  located  on  Sections  10  and  15,  Town- 
ship 88 — 5  (now  Milo),  at  the  place  since  called  Bailey's  Ford.  Here  they  built 
a  cabin  and  '■  broke  "  about  twenty  acres  of  prairie — the  first  breaking  of  any 
considerable  size  in  the  county.  The  Keelers  were  the  cousins  of  William  B. 
Ogden,  late  of  Chicago.  Cyrus  died  in  1846.  Mr.  Bailey  has  been  closely 
identified  with  the  history  of  the  county  from  that  day  to  the  present.  He  pos- 
sessed, to  a  remarkable  degree,  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  his  fellow  citizens. 
Modest,  retiring  and  a  man  of  sterling  worth  and  unimpeachable  integrity,  he 
was  often  called  to  positions  of  honor  and  trust,  and  faithfully  discharged  his 
duties  as  an  officer  and  as  a  citizen.  He  became  first  County  Surveyor,  when 
the  county  was  organized,  and  served  one  term  as  County  Judge.  Judge  Bailey 
now  resides  in  Manchester,  one  of  the  oldest  living  settlers  of  the  county, 
honored  and  respected  by  all  who  know  him. 

Bailey's  Ford  was  afterward  a  station  on  the  stage  road  from  Dubuque  to 
Quasqueton  and  Independence,  and  in  1855,  a  post  office  was  established, 
called  Bailey's  Ford.  Joel  Bailey  was  appointed  Postmaster,  succeeded,  about 
1857,  by  Amos  H.  McKay.  The  people  of  Delaware  Center  and  Burrington 
obtained  their  mail  at  the  office  until  the  establishment  of  a  Post  Office  at  Man- 
chester, soon  after  which  the  office  was  discontinued. 

The  Land  Office  at  Dubuque  was  established  in  1838.  Thomas  McKnight, 
who  was  Deputy  Superintendent  of  the  United  States  Lead  Mines,  at  Galena, 
in  1828-9,  was  the  Receiver.  The  first  entry  made  at  this  office  was  by  Will- 
iam Phillips,  who  made  an  entry  Nov.  1,  1838,  of  land  in  Jackson  County. 
The  lands  in  Delaware  County  were  first  proclaimed  for  sale  Nov.  5,  1838. 
Abner  Eads  (William's  brother)  and  Richard  F.  Barrett  entered  some  land  in 
Township  90  N.,  R.  5  W.  (Honey  Creek),  Nov.  12,  1838.  Eads  lived  in 
Galena,  111.,  and,  undoubtedly,  made  his  entry  for  speculative  purposes; 
wife  and  son  spent  the  Fall  of  1840  here.  In  December,  1838,  one 
Jeremiah  O'Sullivan  entered  land  near  Eads'  Grove. 

After  building  his  cabin  and  breaking  prairie- in  the  Spring,  Mr.  Bailey 
worked,  during  the  Summer  of  1838,  for  Mr.  Delojig,  at  Cascade,  Dubuque 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  335 

County,  and  in  the  Fall,  having  raised  some  wheat  and  corn,  Bailey  and  his 
employer  carried  a  load  of  each  to  Sage's  mill,  on  the  Little  Maquoketa 
six  miles  from  Dubuque,  then  the  nearest  mill  the  settlers  had.  When 
their  grists  were  ground,  they  returned  to  Dubuqae,  where  they  peddled 
out  their  flour  and  corn  meal.  This  was  the  first  ilour  carried  to  the  Du- 
buque market  from  the  Western  settlements.  Thomas  McKnight,  the  Receiver 
of  the  United  States  Land  Office,  purchased  one  sack  of  the  flour  and  then  re- 
quested Mr.  Bailey  to  wait  until  he  found  Mr.  Morton,  the  Register,  who,  said 
Mr.  McKnight,  must  "  patronize  home  productions,"  and  who  bought  another 
sack.  Thus,  forty  years  ago  the  first  load  of  flour  carried  into  Dubuque  from  the 
West  was  peddled  out  in  the  streets  of  the  town. 

The  next  Fall,  1839,  Mr.  Bailey,  having  raised  a  crop  of  wheat  of  his  own, 
again  started  for  Sage's,  still  the  nearest  mill,  with  forty  bushels  of  wheat, 
loaded  on  a  wagon  drawn  by  three  "  yokes  of  oxen."  In  two  days,  he  reached 
the  mill,  but  the  water  was  low,  several  "  grists  "  were  ahead  of  him,  and 
he  was  obliged  to  wait  a  week  for  his  turn ;  while  waiting,  he  boarded  with  the 
millers,  and  paid  for  his  board  by  working  in  the  blacksmith  shop.  When  at 
last  his  "grist  "  was  ground,  he  returned  to  Dubuque,  where  he  peddled  out  his 
flour  as  before  and  purchased  some  groceries,  tlothing,  etc.,  and  returned  home 
— having  been  absent  two  weeks.  There  were  no  roads  nor  bridges  then,  and 
the  trail  was  a  hard  one  to  travel.  This  was  the  first  flour  sent  to  market  from 
Delaware  County. 

During  the  first  session  of  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  the  Territory  of  Iowa 
in  the  Winter  of  1838-39,  by  an  act  approved  January  26,  1839,  James  Fan- 
ning, John  Paul  and  Benjamin  C.  Pierce  were  appointed  Commissioners  "to  lay 
out  a  territorial  toad  running  the  most  practicable  route  from  Dubuque  to  the  set- 
tlement in  Delaware  County."  These  Commissioners  were  directed  to  meet  at 
Dubuque  on  the  first  Monday  in  June  following,  and  "proceed  to  the  discharge 
of  their  duties."  The  road  was  laid  out  to  the  county  line  east  of  Rockville. 
The  Commissioners  were  very  cautious  about  locating  a  road  in  Delaware  County. 
John  W.  Penn  made  a  claim  in  a  little  grove,  since  called  Penn's  Grove,  in 
the  northern  part  of  Township  88,  Range  4,  on  the  bank  of  Plum  Creek,  in  1838, 
and  built  a  cabin  in  the  Spring  following. 

»At  the  close  of  1838,  the  Delaware  settlement  had  not  increased  very  mate- 
rially, although  the  county  had  been  visited  and  examined  during  the  Summer 
and  Fall  by  a  number  of  men,  some  of  whom  afterward  became  actual  settlers. 
At  Eads'  Grove  the  only  families  were  those  of  William  Eads 'and  John  Hinkle. 
Early  in  the  Spring  of  1839,  Silas  Gilmore  settled  in  the  northern  part  of 
Township  90  north.  Range  3  west  (Colony),  near  the  present  residence  of  La,w- 
rence  McNamee,  Esq.     One  B.  T.  Lounsberry  entered  some  land  in  the  vicinity 
of  Eads'  Grove.  April  4th,  and,  eight  days  after,  Eleazer  Frentress,  one  of  the 
earliest  settlers  in  Dunleith,  111.,  entered  lands  in  the  Grove,  now  (1878)  occu- 
pied by  his  son,  John  B.  Frentress,  and  two  brothers.      Frentress  also  entered 
some  land  further  north,  at  Hinkle's  Grove  (now  York).     May  22d,  David 
Moreland,  William   McMullen,  William   McQuilkin,  Benjamin   Reckner,  with 
their  families,  and  P.  C.  Bolsinger,  arrived  from  Pennsylvania  and  located  m 
the  northern  part  of  Township  90  north.  Range  3  west,  near  Gilmore,  where 
Colesburg  was  afterward  founded.      McMullen  and  McQuilkm  located  on  the 
prairie,  about  a  mile  west  of  Moreland's.     Bolsinger  went  back  to  Pennsyl- 
vania, but  afterward  returned  again  and  settled.       This  settlement  was  named 
the  "  Colony,"  by  Judge  Thomas  S.  Wilson,  and  from  this  the  present  township 
of  Colony  took  its  name. 


336  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

Mr.  Moreland  and  his  "colony"  came  from  Uniontown,  Fayette  County, 
Penn.  For  eighteen  years,  Mr.  Moreland  had  managed  the  stage  line  between 
Wheeling,  Washington  and  Baltimore,  and,  in  1833,  when  Black  Hawk  was 
taken  to  Washington,  he  was  transported  from  Wheeling  in  one  of  Moreland's 
coaches.  In  the  Spring  of  1839,  he  and  his  colony  chartered  the  small  steam- 
boat, " Fayette, ".Capt.  Benedict  Kimball,  for  $1,500,  from  Brownsville  to 
Cassville.  On  this  boat  they  loaded  their  household  goods,  supplies,  farming  im- 
plements, wagons,  stock,  etc.,  and  steamed  down  the  Ohio  River  and  up  the 
Mississippi  to  Cassville.  Here  they  landed,  and  came  across  the  country  to 
the  spot  where  they  located.  They  were  thus  enabled  to  bring  more  of  the 
conveniences  of  their  Eastern  homes  than  were  enjoyed  by  any  other  family  in 
the  Delaware  settlements  at  that  time.  They  immediately  commenced  opera- 
tions, breaking  prairies  and  building  cabins,  sleeping  in  their  wagons,  which 
were  covered  with  oil-cloth,  and  cooking  in  the  open  air  until  their  cabins 
were  completed.  Judge  Bailey  went  up  and  broke  some  prairie  for  them  that 
Spring.  Missouri  Dickspn  and  family  came  in  July,  and  settled  at  White  Oak 
Grove,  about  four  miles  southeast  of  Moreland's.  Samuel  Dickson  came  about 
the  same  time.  The  Dicksons  were  hunters,  withal,  and  many  of  their  adven- 
tures are  related.  Hon.  Eliphailet  Price,  in  some  sketches  of  early  history, 
recently  published,  relates  the  following,  of  which  Missouri  Dickson  was  the 
hero. 

A  short  distance  from  the  mouth  of  the  Volga,  there  is  a  tributary  known  as  Bear  Creek, 
which  receives  its  name  from  the  following  hunting  incident.  Missouri  Dickson  and  his  brother 
Samuel,  having  started  a  large  bear  in  the  limber  of  Turkey  River,  late  in  the  Fall  of  1839, 
followed  its  footprints  in  the  snow  until  they  reached  the  vicinity  of  this  stream,  when  they 
separated,  Missouri  following  t)ie  trail,  and  his  brother  making  a  circuit,  in  the  hope  of  heading 
nif  the  retreat  of  the  animal.  Soon  after  they  had  parted,  Missouri  came  up  with  the  bear,  which 
had  curled  down  to  sleep  beneath  an  overhanging  rock.  He  fired  his  rifie  and  wounded  the 
bear,  when  it  immediately  turned  upon  him,  and  he  fled  in  the  direction  of  the  creek.  Dickson 
was  wont  to  tell  his  adventure  thus  :  "  Fur  half  a  mile  or  so,  there  wuz  suthin'  more'n  daylight 
at  ween  us,  an'  if  Sam  hadn't  afired  just  as  1  wuz  hoovin'  it  across  the  crik,  there'd  abeen  one 
old  bear  hunter  a  considerably  spiled." 

Wellington  Wiltse,  Thomas  Cole,  James  Cole,  Albert  Baker,  A.  J.  Black- 
man,  James  Rutherford  and,  perhaps,  others  located  near  Moreland's.  Some 
authorities  state  that  Wellington  Wiltse  built  a  cabin  on  Section  4,  Township 
90,  Range  3,  in  1838,  and  that  Thomas  Cole,  Albert  Baker  and  Gilmore  made 
claims  in  that  year.  Judge  Bailey  states  that,  when  he  was  breaking  prairie 
two  weeks  for  Moreland,  in  June,  1839,  only  Gilmore  and  John  Nagle  were 
there.     Nagle  was  just  over  the  line,  in  Clayton  County. 

Gilbert  D.  Dillon  settled  in  the  east  part  of  Township  88,  Range  3, 
near  Kibbee's,  in  the  Spring  of  1839,  and  built  the  first  frame  house  in  the 
county.  So  far  as  is  known,  he  was  the  first  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  Delaware. 
Mr.  Dillon  is  said  to  have  been  the  first  banker  in  Iowa.  He  settled  in 
Dubuque  in  1837,  and,  in  connection  with  citizens  of  that  place,  estabUshed 

the  Miners'  Bank,  of  which Lockwood  was  President  and  Dillon, 

Cashier.  They  applied  to  the  Legislature  for  a  charter,  and,  in  order  to  show 
sufiicient  reserve,  Mr.  Dillon  went  to  Galena  and  borrowed  $5,000,  which  was 
returned  after  a  few  days.  The  President  and  other  stockholders  soon  borrowed 
the  money  they  had  put  in,  and  appeared  to  be  anxious  to  obtain  Dillon's,  also 
—some  $5,000  or  $6,000  in  gold — leaving  him  to  run  the  business  with  the 
deposits  alone.  He  refused  to  discount  any  more  of  their  paper,  whereupon 
they  secretly  held  another  meeting  and  elected  another  Cashier.  Dillon,  hear- 
ing of  their  action,  promptly  buried  the  gold  he  had  put  in,  and,  when  called 
upon,  meekly  gave  up  the  keys  of  the  safe,  but  the  new  Cashier  found  the  bank 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  337 

destitute  of  funds.  Lockwood  and  his  associates  secured  some  wild-cat  monev 
and  resumed  business.  Afterward,  at  the  instance  of  Lockwood  and  Lang- 
worthy,  Dillon  was  indicted  for  perjury,  in  swearing  to  a  false  statement  of 
assets,  but  Messrs.  McKnight  and  Gratiot  staunchly  stood  by  him,  and  the 
prosecution  was  abandoned. 

Jacob  Schwartz  settled  on  the  banks  of  Plum  Creek,  east  of  the  lake  on 
Congressional  Township  88—3,  probably  on  or  near  Section  20,  in  the  timber 
in  the  early  Spring  of  1839.  ' 

Roland  Aubrey,  a  Kentuckian  by  birth,  went  from  Missouri  to  Illinois  and 
enlisted  as  a  volunteer,  to  serve  in  the  Black  Hawk  war  in  1832.     His  brother 

Aubrey  (Auberry,  in  the  History  of  Jo.  Daviess  County,  Illinois)  was 

murdered  and  scalped  by  the  Winnebago  Indians,  at  Blue  Mound,  Wisconsin, 
in  June,  1832.  After  the  war,  Roland  married  his  brother's  widow  and  settled 
in  Southwestern  Wisconsin.  He  states  that  in  August,  1839,  he  come  to'  Dela- 
ware County,  Iowa,  built  a  cabin  near  the  center  of  Township  88 — 8,  a  short 
distance  northeast  of  Schwartz's,  made  some  hay,  returned  to  Wisconsin  and 
removed  to  his  new  home  with  his  family  in  the  Fall.  Mr.  Aubrey  is  still 
(1878)  living  near  his  original  claim,  hale  and  hearty,  about  70  years  of  age, 
and  in  full  possession  of  all  his  faculties.  He  was  a  strong,  athletic  man,  a 
genuine  specimen  of  a  jovial,  genial,  rollicking  Western  frontiersman,  and  was 
very  popular  among  the  early  settlers.  Mr.  Aubrey  relates  that  in  the  Winter 
of  1839-40,  he  went  to  Schwartz's,  early  one  morning.  The  snow,  he  says, 
was  "  crotch  deep."  Schwartz's  boys,  while  he  was  there,  took  their  axes,  and' 
called  up  three  big  dogs,  saying  that  they  were  going  out  to  kill  a  deer.  One 
of  the  boys  soon  came  to  the  door,  his  eyes  as  big  as  saucers,  saying  they  had 
just  killed  a  panther.  Schwartz  and  Aubrey  followed  the  boy,  and  saw  that  it 
was  indeed  true.  The  dogs  had  found  the  animal  in  a  tree,  whence  he  sprang 
among  them.  Before  he  could  gather  himself,  they  seized  him,  and  while  strug- 
gling with  the  dogs  one  of  the  boys  ran  up  and  despatched  the  panther  by 
crushing  his  skull- with  his  axe.     Aubrey  says  it  was  a  full  grown  specimen. 

Robert  B.  Hutsori,  John  Clark  and  Michael  H.  Hingst  settled  near  Eads' 
Grove.  The  Land  Office  records  show  that  Ebenezer  Taylor  and  William  Davis 
entered  land  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Eads  settlement  in  1839,  and  it  is  proper  to 
remark  that,  for  several  years  from  1839,  lands  were  entered  in  various  parts  of 
the  county  by  parties  who  never  became  actual  settlers. 

John  Corbin  and  his  wife,  from  Ohio,  Settled,  this  year,  on  Plum  Creek, 
about  four  miles  southeast  of  Penn's  cabin. 

Samuel  P.  Whittaker  located  in  Township  87  north.  Range  4  west  (Union), 
in  1839.     His  claim  was  southwest  of  the  present  town  of  Hopkinton. 

Hawley  Lowe  and  Jefferson  Lowe  settled  west  of  Kibbee's. 

Thomas  Nicholson  died  in  1839,  and  was  the  first  adult  death  in  the  county. 

THE  FIRST  ELECTION. 

July  29,  1839,  the  County  Commissioners  of  Dubuque  County  passed  the 
following : 

Ordered,  That  a,n  election  precinct  be  established  at  the  house  of  Jacob  Schwartz,  to  be 
known  as  the  Schwartz  Precinct. 

There  is  no  record  of  an  election  at  Schwartz's  in  that  year,  but  that  there 
was  such  is  indicated  by  the  Commissioners'  records  of  Dubuque  County,  of 
date  Monday,  August  26,  which  provided  for  the  payment  of  Judges  of  Elec- 
tion, Clerk  and  Messenger,  of  Schwartz  Precinct,  at  the  election  held  the  first 
Monday  in  August,  as  follows :      John  W.  Penn,  Lucius  Kibbee  and  Jacob 


338  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

Swart.  (Schwartz),  Judges,  $1.00  each ;  G.  D.  Dillon,  Clerk,  $1.00,  and  Will- 
iam H.  Morning,  Clerk  and  Messenger,  $4.50. 

At  this  election,  the  settlers  of  Delaware  County  voted  for  Dubuque  County 
officers  and  for  members  of  the  Territorial  Legislature ;  but  in  relation  to  the 
number  of  votes  polled,  the  records  are  silent. 

Lucius  Kibbee  served  on  the  Grand  Jury  of  Dubuque  County  in  August, 
1839.  Leroy  Jackson  and  William  H.  Whiteside  were,  also,  Grand  Jurors  in 
that  year,  but  not  from  Delaware. 

The  first  religious  services  in  Delaware,  of  which  record  or  tradition  remains, 
were  held  in  1839,  by  Mr.  Simeon  Clark,  a  Methodist  preacher  from  Dubuque 
County,  at  the  Moreland  settlement,  or  colony.  He  was  called  Preacher  Clark 
by  the  settlers,  and  "  Cap-head  "  Clark  by  the  ungodly  boys,  because  he  gen- 
erally went  without  a  hat,  having  a  handkerchief  bound  around  his  head.  He 
was  not  an  ordained  minister  at  that  time,  but  was  an  earnest  exhorter,  and 
generally  preached  to  the  settlers  on  Sunday,  while  out  upon  his  bee-hunting 
expeditions.  In  the  Summer  of  1839,  Mr.  Clark  and  a  Mr.  Funston,  also  of 
Dubuque,  traversed  Delaware  County,  hunting  bees.  In  relation  to  the  first 
religious  services  by  Mr.  Clark,  Mr.  McNamee  writes  :  "  The  first  sermons  he 
preached  were  in  a  little  cabin  occupied  by  four  or  five  young  men  (names  not 
given,  but  probably  Gilmore,  Baker,  Thomas  Cole  and  others),  who  were  "  keep- 
ing bach,"  as  they  termed  it.  Said  cabin  was  the  first  one  that  was  built  in 
this  township,  and  the  first  sermon  that  was  preached  in  this  township  was  in 
this  bachelor  cabin." 

In  the  Fall  of  1839,  a  war  party  of  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  or  Musquakas, 
numbering  twenty-five,  under  the  lead  of  one  of  Keokuk's  sons,  stopped  at 
Moreland's  on  their  way  to  the  head  waters  of  the  Volga,  whither  they  were 
going  to  surprise  a  camp  of  Winnebagoes.  While  at  the  Colony,  Jacob  B. 
Moreland,  then  a  lad  of  18,  sold  them  his  dog  for  a  deer  and  coon  they  had 
killed.  This  party  afterward  surprised  the  camp  of  Winnebagoes  while  the 
chief  and  his  braves  were  absent  hunting,  killed  twenty-five  old  men,  squaws 
and  children,  and  captured  two  of  the  chief's  children. 

During  1840,  immigration  to  the  Delaware  settlements  began  to  increase 
very  considerably,  and  relatively  large  accessions  were  made  to  the  population. 
Among  those  who  sought  homes  in  the  groves  and  on  the  prairiesof  Delaware 
in  1840,  may  be  mentioned  the  following  : 

Clement  Coffin,  who  made  his  headquarters  at  Eads'  Grove,  while  he  ex 
plored  the  country,  permanently  located  in  the  beautiful  grove  since  known  by 
his  name,  in  the  southern  central  part  of  Township  89  N.,  R.  6  W.  (Coffin's 
Grove),  and  became  one  of  the  leading,  influential  citizens  of  the  county  ;  at  that 
time  his  family  was  located  farther  west  than  any  other  white  family  in  this  part 
of  the  Territory  of  Iowa. 

Of  Judge  Coffin,  Mr.  Peet  in  his  Centennial  sketch  remarks :  "  He  was  a 
genuine  and  true  man  to  his  friends ;  of  great  fidelity  to  his  trust ;  entirely  free 
from  anything  like  hypocrisy  ;  he  made  up  his  mind  with  deliberation,  and 
then  expressed  his  opinion  whether  his  hearers  were  pleased  or  not ;  and  we 
always  knew  where  to  find  him.  He  was  a  millwright,  a  carpenter,  a  dairyman, 
a  wagon  maker  and  a  successful,  energetic  farmer.  Mrs.  Coffin  knew  how  to 
draw  around  her  wilderness  home  the  wise  and  the  good.  She  raised  her  family 
well,  and  fitted  them  for  the  highest  and  best  social  positions. 

Daniel  Brown  had  settled  at  Eads'  Grove.  Brown  is  said  to  have  been  the 
first  blacksmith  in  the  county,  but  Joel  Bailey  was  a  gunsmith,  and,  as  we  have 
seen,  worked  some  at  blacksmi thing. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  33^ 

Robert  Gamble  William  R.  Evans,  and  perhaps  others  settled  near  Eads 
^eaTiin  s""  '''  ""'^'  ""'^^  ^^'"^^*^'  ^°^  Oliver  A.   Olmsted  loS 

The  Moreland  colony  received  comparatively  large  additions  to  its  norinla 
tion  durmg  this  year.  Leonard  Wiltse  and  family  (April)  John  Meluin^«i; 
family,  Drake  Nelson,  Nathan  Springer,  Amasa  Vilts'e,  Wi  £  Mt^omtry 
and  James  Montgomery  settled  in  that  vicinity.  Abraham  and  William  HWhS 
side  formerly  of  Jo  Daviess  County,  111 ,  Jocated  and  probably  settled  T  he 
North  Fork  of  heMaquoketa  in  the  Fall ;  William  H.  WhitesidLas  one  of  he 
Judges  of  Election  m  Paul  s  Precinct,  Dubuque  County,  in  August,  1840 
,  Duncan  McCullom  settled  in  the  southeast  part  of  the  county  nea^  the 
Livingstons.  Richard  Waller,  Joseph  Ogilby,  llder  Ira  A.  BlaEhard  (who 
wa^  the  first  minister  of  the  Gospel,  Baptist)  to  settle  in  Delaware   County" 

shi    87   R  4  W  ^^  '"""^  "^^^""^  '^"'^"^  "^  ^''''^  ^^^^^'  '"^  ^°^^- 

Benjamin  F.  Mofi-att  settled  on  Plum  Creek  (east  of  the  present  town  of 
Delhi)  near  Schwartz;  between  Mofiatt's  and  Penn's  Grove  George  and 
John  Cutler  built  their  cabins,  and  near  them  settled  Moses  Pennock  Thfr 
Lindsey  family,  formerly  at  Eads'  Grove,  settled  in  this  vicinity  about  this  time. 
Charles  W.  Hobbs  came  in  1840,  and  lived  one  year  at  Dillon's,  then  moved 
to  Penn  s  Grove. 

William  R.,  Adin,  John  and  Leverett  Padelford,  with  their  mother  and  three 
sisters,  settled  near  the  mouth  of  Honey  Creek,  in  Township  89  N.,  R.  5  W. 
(one  of  the  sisters,  Delotia,  subsequently  married  John  Nagle,  one  of  the  first 
settlers  of  the  Colony.  Leverett  Padelford,  his  mother  and  sister  Sarah  died 
here,  and  lieburied  in  a  field  south  of  Jones'  woolen  mills,  and  a  little  west  of 
Acers'  Addition  to  Manchester,  with  nothing  to  mark  their  last  resting  places.) 
Leverett  Rexford,  who  was  the  brother  of  Mrs.  Padelford,  his  son  Francis, 
daughter  Olive,  and  nephew,  Valorus  B.  Rexford,  came  with  tiie  Padelfords. 

About  the  same  time,  Joel  Pike  took  up  land  in  the  same  township,  near- 
Hutson's,  and  near  the  present  site  of  Millheim. 

Leroy  Jackson,  whose  boyhood  days  were  spent  in  the  frontier  settlements 
of  Kentucky,  served  in  the  Black  Hawk  war,  and  settled  in  Dubuque,  in  1833. 
He  was  well  skilled  in  all  the  arts  of  woodcraft,  and  frequently  traversed  the 
Delaware  prairies  on  hunting  expeditions.  He  took  a  plat  of  the  lake,  in  1837. 
In  one  of  his  hunting  expeditions  in  1840,  he  came  to  Nicholson's  cabin.  The- 
father  was  dead  and  the  widow  did  not  wish  to  remain,  and  Jackson  bought  the 
sons'  claim  and  property,  consisting  of  thirty-five  acres  improved  land,  160 
bushels  of  wheat,  400  bushels  corn,  2  yokes  of  oxen,  2  cows,  3  or  4  young  cattle, 
2  bbls.  strained  honey,*  1  barrel  honey  in  comb,  some  hogs,  hay,  etc  The 
price  was  $800,  and  Jackson  paid  $775.  One  of  the  Nicholsons  afterward  went 
to  California.  After  making  the  bargain,  Jackson  returned  to  Dubuque,  and 
induced  Henry  A.  Carter,  then  in  trade  at  that  place,  to  join  him  in  the  purchase. 

*  This  seems  at  this  day  to  be  almost  incredible,  but  it  must  be  remembered  that  at  that  time,  wild  bees  were  numer- 
ous, and  this  was  a  land  literally  "  flowing  with  wild  honey,"  if  not  with  milk.  The  groves  were  lull  of  "  bee-trees," 
and  the  early  settlers  always  had  plenty  of  honey.  Judge  Bailey  states  that  in  1840,  the  Spring  was  mild,  ^nd  one- 
afternoon  in  March,  he  took  his  bait  box,  went  out  and  found  two  bee-trees,  from  one  of  which,  he  and  Keeler  took 
about  one  hundred  pounds  of  nice  honey.  Their  mode  of  finding  the  bees  was  simple.  The  hunter  was  provided  with 
a  small  box,  in  the  bottom  of  which  a  piece  of  honey-comb  was  placed;  this  box  was  pinned  with  a  lid  in  which  a  piece 
of  glass  was  set.  There  was  also  a  slide  by  which  the  honey  could  be  shut  from  the  bees  in  the  top.  Sometimes  a  piece 
of  bee  bread  was  taken  along  to  be  burned  to  "toll  "  the  bees.  Arriving  at  the  scene  of  operation,  the  hunter  watched 
until  he  found  a  bee  on  a  flower,  when  he  would  quietly  approach  with  his  open  box,  suddenly  shut  the  lid,  and  the  bee 
finding  itself  Imprisoned  would  fly  up  a|;ain8t  the  glass,  the  slide  would  then  be  closed  until  the  insect  became  quiet^ 
when  it  would  be  gent'y  opened  and  the  bee  would  soon  drop  down  upon  the  honey  and  go  to  work.  The  box  was  then 
opened  and  the  bee  rising  in  the  nir  would  circle  round  a  few  times  and  then  strike  a  "bee-line"  for  its  tree.  If  it 
was  near,  it  would  be  but  a  short  time  before  there  would  be  several  bees  return  to  the  treasure  the  first  had  found, 
indicating  some  mode  of  communication  between  these  iudustrious  and  intelligent  insects  ;  watching  their  flight,  the. 
hunter  was  soon  able  to  determine  what  direction  to  take,  and  seldom  failed  to  find  the  tree. 


MO  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

Jackson  moved  to  the  Nicholson  place  in  1840,  and  in  the  Winter  of  1840-41, 
"built  a  house  of  hewed  logs,  for  Carter,  who  repaoved  thither  the  following 
Spring.  This  was  the  first  house  built  on  the  site  where  Hopkinton  was  after- 
ward founded.  While  raising  this  house,  it  is  said  that  Hugh  Livingston,  who 
was  a  very  athletic  man,  picked  up  one  of  the  logs,  eighteen  feet  long,  and  raised 
it,  without  aid,  to  its  place.  Roland  Aubrey  imitated  his  example,  but  it  is  said 
did  not  handle  his  log  with  quite  the  same  ease. 

Jackson  and  Carter  each  entered  a  quarter  section  in  1840. 

William  Bennett  and  his  family  returned  to  Eads'  Grove  in  the  Fall  of  1840, 
but  his  restless  disposition  would  not  permit  him  to  remain  long  in  any  one 
place,  and  in  the  Summer  of  1841,  he  removed  to  Buchanan  County,  and 
built  a  log  cabin  on  the  bank  of  the  Wapsipinicon,  becoming  the  first  white  set- 
tler of  that  county.  April  16,  1842,  he  laid  out  a  town  there,  employing  Joel 
Bailey  to  do  the  surveying,  and  called  it  "  Democracy,"  afterward  changed  to 
Quasqueton.  He  also  built  a  mill  there  during  the  same  year,  but  in  1843, 
sold  out  and  went  to  Dubuque,  where  he  had  a  tin  shop  for  awhile. 

Among  those  who  settled  on  Buck  Creek  at  a  very  early  day  (but  dates  of 

settlement  are  now  lost)  were  Nelson  Main,  Silas  Main,  Charles  Rofi", 

Green,  William  Robinson  and  Aaron  Blanchard. 

By  an  "act  to  organize,  discipline  and  govern  the  militia  of  the  Territory," 
approved  January  4,  1839,  the  Territory  was  divided  into  three  divisions.  The 
counties  of  Clinton,  Jones,  Jackson,  Dubuque,  Clayton,  Delaware,  Fayette, 
Buchanan  and  Benton  were  constituted  the  Third  Division.  It  was  provided 
that  "  whenever  a  county  or  district  of  country  is  distant,  or  so  detached  that 
in  the  opinion  of  the  Governor  it  would  be  inconvenient  for  the  persons  residing 
there  to  belong  to  an  organized  regiment,  they  shall  be  organized  as  a  separate 
batalion,  under  the  command  of  a  Major."  According  to  the  best  infor- 
mation now  accessible,  there  appears  to  have  been  a  meeting  held  at 
"  Schwartz's  "  on  Plum  Creek,  in  1840,  for  the  election  of  officers  for  a 
military  company,  at  which  John  W.  Penn  was  elected  Captain,  and  John 
Hinkle,  Lieutenant. 

May  27,  1840,  Daniel  Brown  was  appointed  Constable  for  Eads  Precinct, 
by  the  County  Commissioners  of  Dubuque,  and  July  20th,  Wm.  H.  Whiteside, 
was  appointed  one  of  the  Judges  of  Election  in  Paul's  Precinct,  Dubuque 
County. 

The  early  records  of  Dubuque  County  are  imperfect,  and  do  not  show  the 
appointment  of  Judges  of  Election  in  Schwartz  Precinct  or'  the  creation  of 
Eads  Precinct ;  but  September  14, 1840,  the  Commissioners  of  Dubuque  ordered 
the  payment  of  the  following  Judges  and  Clerks  of  Election  and  Messengers  in 
Delaware  County,  at  the  election  in  August :  Schwartz  Precinct,  B.  F.  Mofiatt, 
D.  R.  Dance  and  Hawley  Lowe,  Judges;  John  Corbin  and  G.  D.  Dillon, 
Clerks;  H.  Lowe,  Messenger.  Eads  Precinct,  Daniel  Brown,  A.  Dike  and 
Thomas  J.  (G.)  Eads,  Judges ;  Leverett  Rexford  and  Valorus  B.  Rexford,  Clerks ; 
"Thomas  J.  (G.)  Eads,  Messenger.  Michael  H.  Hingst,  Wm."  R.  Evans  and  W. 
H.  Morning  served  as  Grand  Jurors  at  Dubuque,  at  the  Fall  term  of  court, 
1840.  Oliver  A.  Olmstead  and  a  William  Bennett  also  served  as  Jurors  in 
September,  1840. 

In  1840,  in  the  Summer,  says  Mr.  Jacob  B,  Moreland,  who  was  then  a 
young  man  of  19,  a  log  school  house  was  built  about  three-fourths  of  a  mile 
north  of  his  father's  house. 

In  this  school  house,  before  it  was  "  chinked,"  says  Mr.  Moreland,  Preacher 
■Clark  held  religious  services.     "  One  pleasnnt  Sunday  morning,  Clark,  with  his 


HISTORY  OP  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  341 

rifle  on  his  shoulder  rode  up  to  the  fence  near  my  father's  (David  Moreland's^ 
house,  and  called  father  and  me  from  the  cabin  and  informed  us  that  he  hTdfu 
shot  and  badly  wounded  a  deer,  in  the  grove  near  by,  and  if  we  would  go  out 
je  could  get  ,t      We  went  out  of  course,  and  brought  it  in.     That  daf  Mr 
Clark  preached  m  the  new  school  house."     Shooting  deer  on  the  Sabbath  was 
evidently  considered  by  the  pioneer  preacher  of  Delaware  as  fallingwithS  M 
legitimate  calling,  and  he  probably  wanted  a  nice  venison  steak  for  di™ 
"tl.ofiv/T't       .1!'^'''''^°°^  house  was  completed,"   states  Mr.  Moreland, 
mIpIII     !      f  Vt^  '°T*y  ""^  "?f  ^'^  ^°  ^*'  '^'^^^"g  th«  «^me  Fall,  by  Mrs 
f  S      V^'p'  °^  ^^T  ^^T'  ^-  McClelland,  who  had  been  for  some^ears 
a  Member  of  Congress  from  Fayette  Co.,  Penn.,  and  who  came  to  Iowa  shortly 
before  in  reduced  circiimstances."    Congressmen  did  not  get  rich  in  those  days 
About  two  months  after  school  commenced,  the  school  house  was  burned 
and  afterward  Mrs.  McClelland  kept  her  school  in  James  Cole's  cabin      In  the 
bprmg  of  1842,  another  school  house  was  built,  of  logs,  near  the  site  of  the 
tormer  one,  and  the  first  school  in  it  was  taught  by  Miss  Maria  Phillips  " 

In  the  Autumn  of  1840,  WilKam  and  Cornelia  Dillon,  twin  children  of  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  G.D  Dillon,  were  born,  being  the  first  births  recorded  after  the  birth 
and  death  of  Mr.  Bennett's  child,  in  1837-8;  and  on  the  7th  of  January, 
1841,  John  W.  Corbin  was  born.  "^ 

The  first  law  suit,  so  far  as  is  known,  occurred  about  this  time.  Charles  W 
Hobbs  bought  a  yoke  of  cattle  of  Mr.  Kibbee,  and,  shortly  after,  one  of  the  oxen 
died.  Hobbs  thought  he  ought  not  to  pay  full  price,  and  Kibbee  thought  differ- 
ently. Suit  was  brought  before  Gilbert  D.  Dillon,  Justice  of  the  Peace,  and 
the  case  was  considered  one  of  such  magnitude  that  a  jury  was  called.  Among 
rile  jurymen  remembered  were  Joel  Bailey,  Leroy  Jackson  and  Roland  Aubrey. 
The  jury  thought  that  if  they  adhered  strictly  to  law  they  could  not  do  equal 
and  exact  justice  to  both  parties,  and  failed  to  agree,  but  intimated  that  referees 
might  agree.  At  the  request  of  both  parties,  the  jurymen  consented  to  act  as 
referees.  Sitting  in  equity  thereon,  they  readily  agreed  upon  a  decision  they 
considered  just  and  right,  but,  says  one  of  them,  '•  we  made  both  parties  mad." 

THE  FIRST  MARRIAGES. 

The  first  marriage  license  issued  to  Delaware  people  by  the  Clerk  of  Du- 
buque County,  now  on  record,  was  issued  to  John  Delong  and  Matilda  A. 
Kibbee,  June  19,  1840.  Miss  Kibbee  was  the  daughter  of  Lucius  Kibbee,  then 
living  where  Rockville  now  stands,  and  the  inference  is,  in  the  absence  of  ' 
absolute  knowledge,  that  the  wedding,  which  took  place  June  21,  1840,  was  at 
his  house.  If  so,  this  must,  in  the  light  of  present  knowledge,  be  considered 
the  first  wedding  in  Delaware  County.  Mr.  Delong  lived  at  Cascade, 
Dubuque  County. 

July  20,  1840,  it  is  said  that  Thomas  Cole  and  Miss  Barbara  Nichohon, 
step-daughter  of  William  Eads,  were  married  at  Eads'  Grove,  by  Rev.  Simeon 
Clark  ;  and  it  has  been  stated  that  this  was  the  first  wedding  in  the  county. 

The  license  register  of  Dubuque  County  does  not  show  that  license  was 
issued,  and  the  marriage  certificate  is  not  now  on  file  there.  There  i^  on  file,  in 
the  Office  of  the  Clerk  of  the  Court  at  Dubuque,  a  document  which  was,  doubt- 
less, filed  to  show  Mr.  Clark's  authority  to  solemnize  marriages  as  a  substitute 
for  a  minister  of  the  Gospel.  This  is  a  certificate,  signed  by  Bishop  Thomas  A. 
Morris,  certifying  that  "  Simeon  Clark  is  set  apart  for  a  Deacon  in  the  Metho- 
dist Episcopal  Church,"  and  "  recommending  him,  in  the  absence  of  an  Elder, 


342  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

as  a  suitable  person  to  administer  the  ordinance  of  baptism,  marriage  and  burial 
of  the  dead."  This  document  was  dated  at  Plattville,  W.  T.,  August  29, 1841. 
Doubtless  Mr.  Clark  neglected  to  make  the  proper  return  of  the  marriage  to  be 
recorded  at  Dubuque. 

The  next  license  recorded  after  Delong-Kibbee  was  granted  January  7, 1841, 
to  John  Nagle  and  Delotia  Padelford :  "  on  oath  of  Nagle,"  certifies  P.  S. 
Dade,  the  Clerk,  "  that  she  was  a  resident  of  Delaware  County,  and  of  the  age 
of  eighteen  years,  and  had  no  husband,  and  that  he  was  over  the  age  of  twenty- 
one  and  had  no  wife."  This  couple  was  married  at  Eads'  Grove,  January  13, 
1841,  by  the  ftev.  Hiram  Hubbard. 

June  14,  1841,  Gilbert  D.  Dillon,  Justice  of  the  Peace,  certifies  that  B. 
Beardsley  and  Miss  Mary  Ann  Wright  were  joined  in  matrimony  by  him  ;  and, 
November  17,  of  the  same  year,  Daniel  Brown,  Justice  of  the  Peace,  ofiiciated 
at  the  marriage  of  John  Clark  and  Miss  Olive  Rexford.  Samuel  Kelly  and 
Phebe  Ann  Tubbs  were  married  in  September,  1842. 

ORGANIZATION  OF  THE  COUNTY. 

The  people  of  Delaware  had  no  representative  from  their  own  territory  in 
the  second  Legislature  of  the  Territory  of  Iowa,  of  1889-40.  There  were 
hardly  settlers  enough  in  the  county  to  make  one  full  school  district.  But 
difBculties  arose  between  the  two  counties  of  Dubuque  and  Delaware,  as  the  latter, 
being  unorganized,  was  practically  a  part  of  the  former  ;  territorial  roads  had 
been  and  were  being  laid  out  across  the  county,  and  the  people  of  Dubuque 
were  sharp  enough  to  see  that  they  might  be  called  upon  to  expend  more  money 
in  Delaware  than  they  could  reasonably  expect  to  receive  in  revenue  from  its 
settlers.  They  did  not  like  the  idea  of  expending  their  money  in  sloughs  fifty 
miles  away  when  they  needed  it  so  much  nearer  home.  The  settlers  of  Dela- 
ware, they  thought,  ought  to  take  care  of  themselves  and  build  their  own  roads, 
and  concluded,  by  a  little  gentle  force,  to  compel  them  to  organize  their  county, 
and  thus  relieve  the  Dubuque  people  from  a  disagreeable  burden.  Hence  it  is 
said  that  the  following  act  was  passed  without  the  knowledge  or  consent  of  the 
Delaware  people,  and  was  originated  by  the  Dubuque  delegation  in  the  Terri- 
torial Legislature.  If  any  of  the  settlers  of  Delaware  knew  of  such  contemn 
plated  action,  it  is  certain,  says  Judge  Bailey,  that  "  the  most  of  them  were 
entirely  ignorant  of  it  until  after  the  passage  of  the  act,"  which,  as  a  matter  of 
historical  interest,  is  given  in  full  as  follows :  ' 

[CHAPTER  7,'  LAWS  1839.] 

AN  A  CT  to  provide  for  the  organization  of  the  County  of  Delaware,  and  to  locate  the  seat  bf  juati  e 
thereof. 

Section  1.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  Council  and  House  of  Rtpreseniativee  of  the  Territory  of  Iowa: 
That  the  County  of  Delaware  shall  be  organized  for  county  purposes  as  other  counties  of  this 
Territory  have  heretofore  been  organized. 

Sec.  2.  The  seat  of  justice  of  said  county  shall  be  located  by  three  Commissioners,  non-resi- 
dents of  said  county,  which  said  Commissioners  shall  meet  logether  on  or  before  the  first-day  of 
May  next,  eighteen  hundred  and  forty,  and  forthwith  proceed  to  examine  into  and  determine 
upon  the  most  eligible  point  for  the  county  seat  of  said  county,  having  reference  as  far  as  practi- 
cable to  a  central  situation,  and  also  to  the  convenience  of  the  present  and  prospective  population. 

Sec.  8.  The  said  Commissioners  shall,  before  they  enter  upon  the  performance  of  their  said 
duties,  take  and  subscribe  before  some  District  Judge  or  Justice  of  the  Peace,  the  following  oath, 

to  wit :  "  I, ,  one  of  the  Commissioners  appointed  to  locate  the  seat  of  justice  in 

and  for  the  county  of  Delaware,  do  hereby  swear  by  Almighty  God,  the  searcher  of  all  hearts, 
that  I  will  perform  the  duty  imposed  by  said  appointment  honestly  and  faithfully,  according  to 
the  best  of  my  understanding  and  abilities,  and  according  to  the  law  relative  to  locating'  said 
county  seat;  and  I  do  further  swear,  as  aforesaid,  that  I  am  not  interested  in  said  location  in 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  343 

any  manner  whatever  present  or  in  expectancy,  but  that  in  locating  said  county  seat  I  will  be 
actuated  only  by  a  desire  for  the  best  interests  of  said  county,  without  the  slightest  parTaUtv 
toward  any  person  or  persons,  and  without  any  bias  from  fear,  favor  or  recompense,  or  the  hone 
of  gain  or  advantage  to  myself  in  any  respect  whatever."'  ^ 

Seo.  4.  So  soon  as  convenient,  not  exceeding  fifteen  days  after  the  location  shall  have  been 
made,  the  said  Commissioners  or  a  majority  of  them,  shall  make  out  and  return  to  the  Governor 
a  full  statement  or  report  of  the  place  selected,  describing  the  same  ns  fully  as  practicable,  which 
report,  together  with  the  foregoing  affidavits,  shall  be  filed  in  the  office  of  the  Secretar;  Tf  he 
Territory,  to  remain  of  public  record.  "<=v,. <,!,»,. j,  m  mu 

Sec.  5.  The  county  shall,  so  soon  as  said  report  shall  be  filed,  be  considered  as  a  separate 
county,  and  shall  have  all  the  privileges  and  be  subject  to  all  laws  and  provisions  now  in  force  or 
that  may  be  hereafter  in  force,  in  regard  to  the  counties  of  this  Territory,  and  shall  proceed 
hereafter  to  elect  their  county  officers  at  the  same  time  and  in  the  same  manner  as  in  other  orcau- 
ized  counties.  = 

T.  J  ^\°'  t' ,  "^^^  ^'■^*  g^"^""^'  election  shall  be  held,  for  the  whole  county,  at  the  houses  of  Wm 
Eads,  J.  Schwartz  and  David  Morland  ;  and  thereafter,  the  county  shall  be  divided  by  the 
County  Commissioners  elect,  into  precincts,  at  the  first  regular  meeting  of  their  Board  after  said 
first  general  election,  so  as  to  suit  the  convenience  of  the  inhabitants  generally  And  the  Judges 
of  said  election  shall  seal  up  and  direct  the  returns  to  the  Clerk  of  the  Commissioners'  Court  of 
Dubuque  County ;  and  the  said  Commissioners  shall  proceed  to  open  and  canvass  the  said  returns 
and  enter  the  same  upon  their  records  ;  and  shall  issue  certificates,  notifying  the  persons  havins 
a  majority  of  votes  for  the  different  offices.  >=        r  s 

Sec.  7.  The  Commissioners  appointed  to  locate  the  seat  of  justice,  as  aforesaid,  shall  receive 
$3.00  per  diem  for  th«  time  they  shall  be  actually  engaged  in  locating  the  same,  not  exceeding 
ten  days,  together  with  |3.00  for  every  twenty  miles'  travel  in  going  and  returning  to  and  from 
said  county. 

Sec.  8.  S.  B.  Umstead,  of  Clayton  County,  Shadrach  Burliston,  of  Jackson  County,  and 
Paul  Cain  of  Dubuque  County,  shall  [be]  and  they  are  hereby  appointed  Commissioners  to 
locate  said  county  seat,  under  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

Approved  December  20,  1839. 

For  some  reason,  now  unknown,  the  Commissioners  appointed  by  the 
act  did  not  meet,  as  directed,  on  the  1st  day  of  May,  1840.  Perhaps  they 
thought  it  idle  waste  of  time  to  locate  a  county  seat  on  the  broad  and  almost 
trackless  prairie.  Perhaps  the  opposition  to  the  proposed  organization  among 
the  settlers,  when  the  action  of  the  Legislature  became  known,  may  have  in- 
fluenced them.  However  that  may  be,  at  the  extra  session  of  the  Legislature, 
in  July  following,  the  act  was  passed  : 

An  act  to  amend  an  act  entitled  "  An  act  to  provide  f^iv  the  organization  of  the  Cjunty  of  Deln-ware^ 
and  to  locate  the  county  seat  thereof. ^^ 

Whekeas,  The  Commissioners  appointed  by  "  An  act  to  provide  for  the  organization  of  the 
county  of  Delaware,  and  to  locate  the  seat  of  justice  thereof,"  approved  December  20,  1839,  did 
wholly  fail  (0  meet  on  the  first  day  of  May,  eighteen  hundred  and  forty,  be  it  enacted,  etc.,  that 
William  Smith,  Sr.,  of  Dubuque  County ;  William  Jones,  of  Jackson  County,  and  Thomas  Denson, 
of  Jones  County,  are  hereby  appointed  Commissioners,  to  meet  at  the  house  of  William  Eads,  in 
said  county,  on  the  first  Monday  of  October,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  eighteen  hundred  and 
forty,  or  within  ten  days  thereafter,  and  proceed  to  permanently  locate  the  county  seat  in  and 
for  said  county,  according  to  the  provisions  and  'requirements  of  the  act  to  which  this  is  amend- 
atory. 

Sec.  2.     That  the  eighth  section  of  the  act  to  which  this  is  amendatory  is  hereby  repealed. 

Approved  July  24,  1840. 

Accordingly,'  at  the  time  appointed,  two  of  the  Commissioners,  Smith  and 
Denson,  met  at  the  house  of  William  Eads,  at  Eads'  Grovfe,  to  attend  to  the 
arduous  duty  assigned  them.  Smith  and  Eads  were  old  acquaintances,  and  it 
soon  became  evident  that  the  former  had  become  convinced  that  the  county  seat 
should  be  located  in  or  near  Eads'  Grove;  but  it  was  necessary,  for  the  sake  of 
appearances,  if  for  nothing  more,  that  the  Commissioners  should  visit  other 
localities  and  make  some  examinations  elsewhere.  From  Eads'  Grove  they  pro- 
ceeded to  Bailey's  Ford.  There  was  hardly  a  man  in  the  county,  and  certainly 
there  was  no  man  not  a  resident  of  the  county,  so  well  qualified  to  make  a  judi- 
cious and  satisfactory  selection  as  Joel  Biiiley.      He  had  surveyed  a  large  part 


344  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

of  its  territory,  and  was  familiar  with  every  stream,  grove  and  spring  within  its 
limits.  There  were  three  essential  points  to  be  considered,  viz.,  wood,  water 
and  an  eligible  site  for  a  town.  The  exact  geographical  center  of  the  county 
was  destitute  of  wood  and  water,  and,  hence,  it  could  not  be  expected  that  the 
county  seat  would  be  located  at  that  precise  point ;  but  the  settlers  of  the 
county  evidently  desired,  if  they  must  be  organized,  that  the  county  seat  should 
be  located  as  near  the  geographical  center  as  an  eligible  site  could  be  found. 

Mr.  Bailey  frankly  informed  the  Commissioners  that  he  had  made  his  loca- 
tion at  that  point  (Bailey's  Ford)  because,  in  his  judgment,  it  was  the  best  and 
most  desirable  site  for  the  seat  of  justice  of  the  county.  There  was  an  excel- 
lent mill  privilege  on  the  Maquoketa,  there  was  an  abundance  of  wood,  a  good 
spring  of  water,  and  there  was  a  fine  site  for  a  town.  These  essentials  could 
not  be  found  nearer  the  geographical  center.  The  next  most  desirable  location, 
in  his  judgment,  was  Penn's  Grove,  and  the  third  at  "The  Lake." 

Mr.  Denson  informed  Mr.  Bailey  that  Mr.  Smith  was  "  set  upon  locating 
the  county  seat  at  Eads'  Grove,"  but  that  if  Mr.  Bailey  would  relinquish  to  the 
county  a  certain  "forty"  on  Section  9,  at  a  mill  site  on  the  Maquoketa,  he 
(Denson)  would  favor  the  location  of  the  county  seat  at  Bailey's  Ford.  Mr. 
Bailey  replied  that  the  location  at  Eads'  Grove  would  not  satisfy  the  pd)ple ;  it 
was  too  far  north  of  the  geographical  center  of  the  county,  and  that  the  "forty" 
that  Denson  had  designated  was  not  a  good  location  for  a  town,  but  that  if  the 
ford  was  considered  too  far  west — as  the  settlements,  at  that  time,  were  nearly 
all  on  the  eastern  side  of  tho  county — then  the  Commissioners  had  better  take 
Penn's  Grove  and  The  Lake  into  consideration. 

From  Bailey's  Ford,  the  Commissioners  went  to  "The  Lake,"  visited  the 
"  Big  Spring,"  and  Denson  appears  to  have  decided  that  this  was  the  right 
spot  for  the  county  seat.  Smith  was  equally  determined  to  locate  it  at  Eads' 
Grove.  They  spent  some  time  in  discussing  the  question,  and  the  more  they 
argued,  the  more  firmly  each  was  convinced  that  the  other  was  wrong  and  ought 
to  submit.  It  does  not  appear  to  have  occurred  to  them  that  Mr.  Jones  might 
have  been  called  in  to  settle  the  dispute,  and  at  last  they  determined  to  go  home 
and  leave  the  question  unsettled. 

"  The  somewhat  important  question  occurred  to  Mr.  Smith,  however,"  says 
Mr.  Hobbs,  "that,  if  they  failed  to  locate  the  county  seat,  they  would  not 
be  entitled  to  pay  for^what  they  had  done,  and  he  didn't  like  the  idea  of  losing 
so  much  heavy  and  useless  work."  Accordingly,  he  suggested  to  Mr.  Denson 
that  they  had  spent  two  weeks  in  their  arduous  elforts  to  fix  the  location,  and  if 
they  went  home  without  doing  it  they  would  not  be  likely  to  get  any  pay. 
"Now,"  said  Smith,  "I  think  Eads'  is  the  best  place,  you  think  The  Lake  the 
most  eligible;  we  can't  agree,  and  Jones  isn't  here;  suppose  we  'flip  a  dol- 
lar?'"  "Agreed!"  said  Denson.  The  dollar  was  "flipped,"  Smith  won, 
and  the  county  seat  was  located  in  the  southern  part  of  Eads'  Grove,  near  the 
present  side  of  Millheim,  or  "  Dutchtown,"  as  it  was  sometimes  called,  in  the 
northern  part  of  Township  89  north.  Range  5  west  (Delaware).  The  county 
seat,  thus  located  by  one  of  the  three  Commissioners,  was  named  by  Smith, 
"Elizabeth,"  in  honor  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Bennett,  the  first  white  woman  who 
lived  in  the  county. 

As  soon  as  the  action  of -the  Commissioners  became  known,  it  created  intense 
dissatisfaction  among  the  settlers  in  all  parts  of  the  county,  except  those  in  the 
immediate  vicinity  of  Eads'  Grove,  and  they  did  not  propose  to  submit  to  it 
without  vigorous  protest.  A  mass  meeting,  called  by  the  settlers  in  the  south- 
eastern part  of  the  county,  assembled  at  Penn's  Grove,  and  strong  resolutions 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  345. 

were  unanimously  adopted,  protesting  against  "Elizabeth,"  denouncing  the 
Commissioners  for  their  unfair  action,  and  the  indignant  settlers  determined  to 
petition  the  Legislature  for  permission  to  re-locate  the  county  seat  by  a  vote  of 
the  people.  They  justly  considered  themselves  as  capable  of  making  a  selection 
as  non-residents  could  be,  and,  besides,  they  thought  it  was  their  right  to  locate 
their  own  county  seat.  Petitions  were  circulated,  signed  by  every  man  in  the 
county,  except  those  at  "Eads'  Settlement." 

The  petition  was  presented  to  the  Territorial  Legislature,  and  a  bill  was 
reported  from  the  committee  to  which  it  was  referred,  providing  that  the  citizens 
of  the  county  should  locate  the  county  seat  by  a  vote  of  the  people  at  the  gen- 
eral election  in  August  following.  The  bill  received  no  opposition,  except  from 
Dr.  Mason,  of  Dubuque,  who  argued,  very  eloquently,  that  the  question  of 
locating  the  county  seat  was  one  of  such  great  importance  that  it  could  not  be 
safely  entrusted  to  the  people  most  interested  and  best  qualified  to  decide  it. 
The  Delaware  people  had  been  forced  into  organization,  and  Mason  evidently 
thought  that  outsiders  ought  to  locate  their  seat  of  justice,  and,  perhaps,  run 
their  county  machine  as  well.  But  his  eloquence  failed  to  convince  his  col- 
leagues and  associates  that  there  was  any  danger  in  permitting  the  people  of  the 
county  to  manage  their  own  affairs  without  foreign  interference.  The  bill 
passed,  and  was  approved  January  13,  1841. 

"  An  act  to  establish  a  Territorial  road  from  the  town  of  Dubuque  to  Cimp 
Atkinson,"  approved  January  13,  1841,  appointed  Calvert  Roberts,  Samuel  L. 
Clifton  and  Joseph  Hewett  Commissioners  to  locate  that  road.  So  much  of 
this  act  as  related  to  the  road  in  Dubuque  County  was  repealed  February  16, 
1842,  and  so  much  of  the  road  as  had  been  located  in  Dubuque  County  was 
declared  vacated ;  but  this  repealing  act  was  repealed  June  1 1,  1845,  and  Peter 
D.  Sharpe,  David  Moreland  and  William  J.  Anderson  were  appointed  by  the 
Legislature  to  re-locate  the  road  through  Dnbuque  County,  and,  by  way  of  the 
Colony  and  Bads',  to  Camp  Atkinson. 

In  the  Spring  of  1841,  in  order  to  fix  upon  some  location  for  the  county  seat, 
that  the"  people  might  vote  intelligently  and  with  some  degree  of  harmony, 
another  mass  meeting  was  called  at  Penn's  Grove,  and  after  discussing  the  mat- 
ter, a  committee  consisting  of  Joel  Bailey,  Leroy  Jackson,  William  H.  White- 
side, Roland  Aubrey,  S.  P.  Whittaker,  John  W.  Penn  and  Cyrus  Keeler,  were 
appointed  to  select  a  proper  location  to  be  voted  for.  A  few  days  later,  four 
members  of  the  committee,  viz.,  Bailey,  Aubrey,  Whiteside  and  Jackson,  met  at 
Penn's  Grove,  and  first  proceeded  to  the  geographical  center  of  the  county,  a 
short  distance  west  of  the  present  village  of  Delaware.  But  it  was  a  high, 
rolling  prairie,  destitute  of  wood  and  water,  and  the  committee  unanimously 
decided  that  that  point  was  ineligible.  They  then  proceeded  to  the  nearest 
timber,  southwest  on  Spring  Branch,  but  upon  examination,  it  was  found  to  be 
too  much  broken  for  a  town  site.  They  followed  the  stream  to  its  confluence 
with  the  Maquoketa,  two  miles  west  and  two  miles  south  of  the  geographical 
center,  and  here  some  of  the  committee  were  in  favor  of  locating,  but  all  were 
not  satisfied,  and  they  determined  to  visit  "  The  Lake  "  (since  known  as  Delhi  or 
Silver  Lake),  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water,  surrounded  by  burr-oak  groves,  m  which 
was  a  large  spring  of  living  water,  at  that  time  considered  indispensable  in  the 
location  of  a  town  site.  As  they  were  riding  leisurely  along,  approaching  the 
spring  and  lake  from  the  west,  in  a  little  "  run"  (about  forty  rods  northwest  ot 
the  present  Catholic  Church  at  Delhi,  and  a  little  west  of  the  town  as  afterward 
surveyed),  a  large  deer  suddenly  sprang  up  and  stood  looking  at  the  party. 
Settlers  were  not  numerous  then,  and  the  deer  were  not  so  timid  as  they  alter- 


346  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

"ward  became.  The  party  stopped  instantly,  and  Aubrey,  who,  like  the  true 
frontiersman  he  was,  always  carried  his  trusty  rifle,  dismounted,  and  as  he 
raised  his  piece,  Jackson  exclaimed,  "Now,  Aubrey,  kill  that  deer  and  we  will 
stick  the  county  seat  stake  right  here."  Aubrey's  aim  was  unerring,  and 
the  deer  fell  dead.  Jackson's  jocular  remark  was  accepted  in  earnest,  and  the 
■stake  was  planted  on  the  southeast  quarter  of  Section  17,  Township  88  N.,  R.  4 
W.,  which  the  committee  recommended  to  the  people  as  the  most  suitable  site,  in 
their  judgment,  for  the  county  seat. 

During  1841,  the  pioneer  settlements  of  Delaware  County  were  considerably 
enlarged.  Charles  Osborn,  Hiram  Minkler,  Henry  Baker,  Horace  Tubbs  and 
•others  settled  at  Coffin's  Grove.  Ezra  Hubbard,  Jared  Hubbard  (April),  Hor- 
ace Pierce  (April),  Robert  Torrence,  Allen  Fargo,  Amos  Williams,  William 
Burnham,  John  Burnham,  Patrick,  Hogan  and  others  in  the  northern  part  of 
the  county,  near  Moreland  colony.  Alexander  Brown  and  Morris  Reed,  near 
Eads'.  Simeon  Phillips  and  his  son,  Fayette  Phillips  settled  near  "  The  Lake." 
Theodore  Marks  settled  in  T.  87,  R.  3,  about  three  miles  northeast  of  Jack-  " 
son's.  "  But,"  says  Judge  Bailey,  "  settlers  came  in  very  slowly  for  ten  years, 
and  we  were  frequently  discouraged.  I  never  expected  to  see  the  day  when 
settlers  would  go  on  the  open  prairie  west  of  us  and  make  farms  away  from  the 
timber."  The  idea  of  planting  timber  on  the  open  prairie  had  not  then  occurred 
to  the  settlers,  and  all  the  early  settlements  were  niade  in  or  very  near  the 
groves  and  water  courses. 

In  1841,  Leverett  Rexford  put  up  the  walls  of  a  cabin  east  of  Bailey's,  where 
John  Lillibridge  now  resides,  and  helped  Bailey  build  a  new  cabin  just  north  of 
his  first  one,  which  is  now  (May,  1878)  still  standing  in  a  good  state  of  preserva- 
tion. After  the  marriage  of  his  daughter,  in  November,  however,  Mr.  Rexford 
"went  back  to  "  York  State." 

April  5,  1841,  by  order  of  the  Dubuque  Commissioners,  Lucius  Kibbee  waa 
paid  $3.00  and  Missouri  Dickson  $1.50  for  wolf  scalps. 

April  7,  1841,  the  County  Commissioners  of  Dubuque  again  appointed 
Judges  of  Election  in  Delaware  as  follows :  Eads  Precinct,  Daniel  Brown,  John 
Hinkle  and  William  Bads;  Schwartz  Precinct,  John  W.  Penn,  John  Keelerand 
Leroy  Jackson  ;  Moreland  Precinct, Cole, Mallory, Moreland. 

FIRST  COUNTY  ELECTION. 

The  election  for  the  location  of  the  county  seat,  and  for  the  choice  of 
County  officers,  was  held  at  the  several  precincts,  according  to  the  records, 
August  2,  1841.  The  following  incident  of  this  election  is  related:  Bennett, 
whose  claim  was  as  likely  to  be  his  saddle  as  one  on  terra  firma,  was  at  Eads 
Grove  where  Joel  Bailey  went  to  vote.  Bailey  was  informed  that  Bennett 
intended  to  vote,  to  which  he  replied,  "  I  shall  challenge  any  illegal  vote."  Ben- 
nett soon  heard  the  remark,  approached  Bailey,  and  after  introducing  the  sub- 
ject, shook  his  finger  in  the  latter's  face  and  menacingly  remarked,  "  If  anybody 
challenges  my  vote,  there's  a  finger  that  never  trembles."  Mr.  Bailey  fired  up 
a  little.  He  was  not  a  man  to  be  bluflied  by  a  bully,  and  he  very  firmly  informed 
Bennett  that  he  should  "  challenge  any  man's  vote  that  he  believed  to  be  illegal." 
Bennett  finding  that  his  opponent  didn't  scare  worth  a  cent,  did  not  ofler  his 
vote. 

In  September,  1841,  the  Dubuque  Commissioners  ordered  the  payment  of 
Judges  and  Clei'ks  of  the  election  held  August  2,  1841,  as  follows  :  Judges  and 
Clerks  ono  dollnreach.     Schw:irtz  Precinct — Lcroy  Jackson,  John  Keeler  and 


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JOuJl(A. 


COFFINS  GROVE  TR 


HISTORY  OP  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  349 

John  W.  Penn,  Judges ;  J.  R.  Harvey  and  Charles  W.  Hobbs,  Clerks  •  J  W 
Penn  Messenger  (40  miles),  $4.  Eads  Precinct— William  Eads,  John  'Hinkle 
and  Daniel  Brown,  Judges ;  Leverett  Rexford  and  Robert  Gamble  Clerks  • 
William  Eads,  Messenger  (50  miles),  $5.  Moreland  Precinct— Thomas  Cole' 
Missouri  Dickinson  and  David  Moreland,  Judges  ;  W.  Montgomery  and  James 
Rutherford,  Clerks  ;  Thomas  Cole,  Messenger  (36  miles),  $3.50.  Afterward 
however,  on  the  5th  of  October,  the  Dubuque  Commissioners  rescinded  the  order 
for  paying  these  officers,  "  the  Board  being  of  the  opinion  that  the  County  of 
Delaware  being,  by  law,  a  separate  county,  she  in  consequence  is  bound  to  pay 
that  expense. '  ^  '' 

Under  the  law,  providing  for  the  first  election  in  Delaware  County  the  re- 
turns were  to  be  made  to  the  Clerk  of  the  Board  of  County  Commissioners  of 
Dubuque  County,  and  Charles  W.  Hobbs  was  appointed  to  carry  them  to 
Dubuque,  which  he  did  on  foot,  walking  forty-five  miles,  and  arriving  in 
Dubuque  about  9  o'clock  P.  M.  of  the  last  day  on  which  the  returns  could  be 
legally  filed.  On  the  4th  day  of  October,  at  a  meeting  of  the  County  Commis- 
sioners of  Dubuque  County,  the  votes  were  canvassed,  and  the  following  officers 
of  Delaware  County  declared  elected  :  Leroy  Jackson,  Sheriif,  having  received 
twenty-two  votes;  William  H.  Whiteside  (thirty-six  votes),'  William  Eads 
(twenty-three  votes),  Daniel  Brown  (twenty-three  votes).  County  Commission- 
ers; Robert  B.  Hutson,  Treasurer  (thirty-nine  votes),  John  Padelford,  Recorder 
(twenty-seven  votes) ;  Joseph  Bayley  (Joel  Bailey),  County  Surveyor  (thirty- 
four  votes) ;  Roland  Aubrey,  Judge  of  Probate  (twenty  votes) ;  Fayette  Phillips, 
County  Assessor  (twenty-one  votes) ;  William  L.  Woods,  Coroner  (fifteen  votes) ; 
Theodore  Marks,  Public  Administrator  (two  votes) ;  Hawley  Lowe,  Constable 
for  "  Swartz  "  Precinct ;  Robert  Gamble  (eleven  votes)  and  William  Evins 
(Evans)' (seven  votes),  Constables  for  "Eads"  Precinct. 

For  county  seat,  twenty-five  votes  were  cast  for  Township  88  north,  Range 
4  west,  southeast  quarter  of  Section  17,  and,  says  the  Commissioners'  record, 
"the  old  location  received  six  votes."  The  "old  location"  was  "Elizabeth," 
located  by  William  Smith,  who  was  also  one  of  the  County  Commissioners  of 
Dubuque  County  at  this  time. 

The  County  Commissioners  elect,  met  at  the  house  of  William  Eads  at  Eads' 
Grove,  November  19,  1841.  There  is  no  record  of  the  appointment  of  a  Chair- 
man, and  the  presumption  is  that  Whiteside,  being  first  on  the  roll,  acted  as 
Chairman.  Charles'  W.  Hobbs  was  appointed  Clerk  of  the  Board  "  during  its 
pleasure." 

Mr.  Hobbs  made  an  admirable  Clerk.  It  was  no  easy  task  to  perform  the 
duties  of  Clerk  and  Recorder  in  a  new  county,  without  knowledge  of  the  numer- 
ous details,  and  without  guide  or  precedent,  yet  Mr.  Hobbs  was  equal  to  the 
emergency ;  his  records  compare  favorably  with  those  bf  other  and  older  counties, 
and   Delaware   owes  a  debt  of  gratitude  to  its  first  Clerk  that  it  cannot  repay. 

Having  selected  a  county  seat,  it  became  the  duty  of  the  County  Commis- 
sioners to  secure  the  land,  but  there  was  no  money  in  the  treasury,  and,  as  sub- 
sequent events  proved,  the  credit  of  the  county  was  not  remarkably  good.  To 
provide  for  the  exigency,  on  the  20th  the  following  order  was  passed : 

Ordered,  That  William  H.  Whiteside  be  and  he  is  hereby  authorized  to  borrow  money  to 
enter  the  county  seat,  and  he  is  not  to  exceed  40  per  cent,  interest  for  the  loan  thereof;  and 
that  he  enter  the  quarter  section  on  which  the  county  seat  is  located,  for  the  benefit  of  the  County 
Board. 

Judge  Bailey  says  that  the  quarter  section  selected  was  pre-empted  by  the 
county,  that  is,  it  was  marked,  in  the  land  office  at  Dubuque,  so  that  it  could  not 


350  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

be  entered  by  any  other  parties,  but  it  was  necessary  that  the  county  should 
raise  the  money  ($200)  within  the  time  specified  by  law. 

The  first  deed  recorded  in  Delaware  County  was  one  bearing  date  January 
4,  1842,  signed  by  John  Hinkle  and  his  wife,  Cynthia  Hinkle,  witnessed  by 
Thomas  G.  Eads  and  William  H.  Reed,  'conveying  to  John  Clark  120  acres  of 
land  in  Township  88,  Range  5,  in  consideration  of  $1,500,  and  acknowledged 
b  efore  Daniel  Brown,  Justice  of  the  Peace.  It  would  seem  that  the  considera- 
tion of  $1,500  was  a  large  sum  for  120  acres  at  that  time.         > 

January  17,  1842,  the  Commissioners  met  at  the  house  of  John  W.  Pemi, 
when  it  was  ordered  that  Fayette  Phillips  be  appointed  County  Assessor ;  Chas. 
W.  Hobbs,  County  Recorder ;  Robert  B.  Hutson,  County  Treasurer,  and  Joel 
Bailey,  County  Surveyor,  for  the  year  1842.  Joel  Bailey  was  also  Deputy 
Treasurer  in  the  same  year. 

At  the  election,  in  August  previous,  all  these  had  been  elected,  except  Hobbs, 
who  was  appointed  in  place  of  Padelford,  who  probably  did  not  qualify,  and  this 
action  of  the  Board  is  not  explained. 

On  the  18th,  John  W.  Penn  was  appointed  County  Collector,  and  Daniel 
Beck,  one  of  the  County  Constables,  in  Eads  Precinct,  for  the  year  1842. 

By  an  act  of  the  Territorial  Legislature,  approved  February  17,  1842, 
entitled  "An  act  for  the  organization  of  Townships,"  a  former  act,  approved 
January  10,  1840,  was  repealed,  and  County  Commissioners  were  authorized 
to  divide  their  respective  counties  into  townships  of  ''such  shape  and  size  as 
the  convenience  and  interests  of  the  citizens  may  require." 

It  appears  that  Mr.  Whiteside  was  not  successful  in  raising  money,  notwith- 
standing the  enormous  rate  of  interest  offered,  sufficient,  one  would  think,  to 
tempt  the  cupidity  of  the  money  loaners  of  that  day,  and  at  this  meeting  the 
order  of  November  19,  1841,  relating  to  the  matter,  was  rescinded.  The  Com- 
missioners evidently  thought  that  if  settlers  could  get  money  to  enter  their 
lands  at  25  per  cent,  interest*  the  county  ought  to  be  able  to  drive  as  good  a 
bargain.  Accordingly,  on  the  18th  of  January,  1842,  the  Board  passed  the 
following  order : 

Ordered,  That  Daniel  Brown  be  and  he  is  hereby  authorized  and   empowered  to  borrow 
money  on  the  best  terms  he  can,  not  to  exceed  25  per  cent.,  to  enter  the  county  seat,  and  if  he 
can  get  the  money,  he  is  authorized  to  enter  the  county  seat  as  soon  as  the  money  is  procured,  ■ 
without  any  delay,  for  the  use  and  benefit  of  the  county. 

Until  now,  the  county  seat  had  no  name,  and  it  became  necessary  that  a 
name  should  be  designated.  The  Commissioners  did  not  like  to  take  the  respon- 
sibility without  first  consulting  their  constituents,  and  they  therefore  requested 
the  settlers,  many  of  whom  had  gathered  at  Penn's,  for  the  session  of  the  County 
Commissioners'  Court  was  an  important  event,  to  .select  a  name.  Several  were 
suggested.  Mr.  J.  W.  Penn  thought  that  "  Chester  "  would  do ;  the  name  of 
Marysville  was  suggested,  in  honor  of  Mrs.  Mary  B.  A.  Hobbs ;  and  Joel  Bailey 
and  John  Keeler  proposed,  "^inasmuch  as  Delhi  was  the  county  seat  of  Delaware 
County,  N.  Y.,  that  "  Delhi "  would  be  a  suitable  name  for  the  seat  of  justice 
of  Delaware  County,  Iowa.  A  vote  was  taken,  and  "  Delhi "  received  the  greatest 
number.  This  was  reported  to  the  Commissioners,  who  thereupon,  January  18, 
passed  the  following : 

Ordered,  That  the  county  seat  of  Delaware  County  be  and  it  is  hereby  called  and  named 
Delhi. 

*  The  early  settlera  found  It  very  difBouIt  to  raise  the  money  with  which  to  pay  for  their  land,  and  many  of  them 
were  obliged  to  borrow.  Judge  Bailey  states  that  the  usual  rate  was  25  per  cent.,  to  be  paid  annually.  The  lender 
entered  the  land  in  his  own  name,  giving  the  settler  a  bond  for  a  deed,  if  the  interest  was  paid  when  due  and  tlie 
principal  at  maturity,  and  these  loans  were  seldom  made  for  a  longer  time  than  two  years.  It  was  hard  tor  the  pio- 
neers, but  many  of  them  had  no  other  way  of  paying  for  their  land. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  351 

.^'^^'k^-^'a  ^''"i  ?/  County  Surveyor  proceed  to  survey  and  lay  off  the  county  seat  infr>  i„f 
on  the  1.5th  day  of  March,  or  as  soon  thereafter  as  the  weather  will  permit         ^  '"' 

Ordered,  That  the  County  Commissioners  shall  meet  the  Countv  Snrvpvo,.  ot  *i,= 

on  the  15th  day  of  March,  or  as  soon  thereafter  as  the  weather  wil[ permT  "'^  ''^* 

It  was  important  that  the  county  should  be  provided  with  a  seal   and  the 
Commissioners  '  " 

Ordered,  That  the  present  seal  of  this  Board  be  PC  C  1    and  that  it  shnll  h.  »«:     a  , 
instrument  of  writing  appertaining  to  this  Board,  whicimay^  Require  a  lutL^'^^^  '"^ 

T>  .?^  ^f  °^  *^®  Territorial  Legislature,  approved  January  18,  1842  Joel 
Bailey,  of  Delaware  County,  Edward  Steel,  of  Dubuque  County,  and  Mahon 
Lupton,  of  Jones  County,  were  appointed  Commissioners  to  locate  and  estab- 
lish a  territorial  road  "from  the  county  seat  of  Delaware  to  Dillon's  Mill- 
thence,  across  the  river,  and  running  the  east  side  of  the  Maquoketa,  to  the 
falls  on  said  river,  at  the  town  of  West  Cascade." 

By  act  approved  February  16,  1842,  "  Maquoketa  "  River  was  declared  to 
be  a  public  highway  for  all  navigable  purposes  whatsoever ;  and  owners  of  mill 
dams  and  other  dams  were  required  «  forthwith  to  construct  such  shutes  or  locks 
at  least  twenty  feet  wide  and  one  hundred  and  twenty  feet  long,"  for  the  pas- 
sage of  "flat  boats  or  other  boats,  crafts,  etc." 

THE  FIRST  COURT  HOUSE. 

It  has  seldom  occurred  in  the  history  of  this  country  that  the  people  of 
a  county  have  turned  out  en  masse  to  build  a  court  house  as  they  would  to  help 
a  neighbor  build  his  cabin.  The  people  of  Delaware  had  selected  a  quarter 
section  of  wild  prairie  for  their  county  seat.  There  was  not  a  single  cabin  on 
it,  and  the  nearest  settler  was  two  miles  away.  They  had  elected  county  oiB- 
cers,  but  they  could  not  meet  at  the  county  seat,  and  it  was  necessary  that  there 
should  be  a  court  house  erected.  The  Commissioners'  Court  must  be  provided 
with  suitable  quarters  ;  besides,  at  no  distant  day,  the  settlers  expected  they 
■must  provide  for  judicial  courts. 

Accordingly,  during  the  Winter  of  1842,  in  February  or  March,  the  set- 
tlers gathered  at  "Delhi,"  with  their  axes  and  teams,  to  build  the  "Court 
House."  The  spot  selected  was  near  the  southeast  corner  of  the  quarter  section, 
a  beautiful  spot,  a  few  rods  from  the  lake.  .  While  some  engaged  in  cutting  the 
logs  in  the  timber — mostly  hickory,  on  the  south  side  of  the  lake — others,  with 
their  teams,  hauled  them  across  the  lake,  on  the  ice,  to  the  designated  spot ;  and 
others  still  raised  a  commodious  log  building,  18x24  feet,  two  stories  high,  de- 
signed for  a  court  room  on  the  first  floor,  and  a  jury  room  on  the  second.  The 
gable  ends  were  " cobbed  up,"  and  the  "ribs  "  and  "  ridgepole  "  placed  in  posi- 
tion ready  to  receive  the  "  shake"  roof.  This  was  the  first  building  erected  at 
the  county  seat.  Lumber  was  afterward  hauled  from  Olmsted's  mill  for  the 
floors,  but  it  was  some  time,  as  will  appear,  before  the  roof  was  put  on  and 
the  building  finished.  Mr.  Hobbs  says  the  "  Commissioners  held  a  meeting 
in  the  Court  House  before  the  roof  was  put  on.  During  the  meeting  it  began 
to  rain,  and  I  had  to  take  oif  my  coat  to  spread  over  the  '  papers,'  to  keep  them 
dry." 

Delhi  was  surveyed  and  platted  by  Joel  Bailey,  County  Surveyor,  in  March, 
1842.  He  was  assisted  by  Charles  W.  Hobbs  and  Fayette  Phillips,  chainmen, 
and  John  W.  Penn,  who  cut  the  stakes.  The  plat,  however,  was  not  recorded 
until  the  county  acquired  the  title  to  the  land,  in  March,  1846.  When  the  sur- 
vey was  made,  it  was  found  that  the  Court  House  was  upon  two  lots  ;  the  line 
between  Lots  11  and  12  passed  through  it,  leaving  three  or  four  feet  of  the  build- 


352  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

ing  on  12.  The  eastern  tier  of  lots,  of  which  12  is  one,  was  afterward  vacated 
for  a  street. 

The  original  plat,  certified  by  Joel  Bailey,  March  31,  and  approved  by  the 
County  Commissioners,  April  3,  1842,  is  still  preserved,  carefully  framed,  in 
the  Recorder's  ofiBce,  at  Delhi.  The  vacated  lots  above  mentioned  have  been 
obliterated. 

April  4,  1842,  the  County  Commissioners  met  at  the  house  of  John  W. 
Penn,  and  appointed  Ezra  Hubbard,  David  Moreland  and  Montgomery  Seur 
(probably  Montgomery,  Senior,)  as  judges  of  Election  in  the  Moreland  Pre- 
cinct ;  Clement  Coffin, Reed  and  Henry  W.  Lyons,  Judges  of  Election 

of  Eads  Precinct,  and  Abraham  Whiteside,  John  Corbin  and  John  Keeler, 
Judges  of  Election  in  the  Schwartz  Precinct,  for  the  year  1842. 

At  this  session,  the  Board  provided  for  the  payment  of  Surveyor  Bailey  and 
his  assistants  for  laying  out  the  town  of  Delhi. 

Mr.  Brown  does  not  appear  to  have  been  successful  in  raising  money  to  enter 
the  county  seat  for  April  5,  the  following  order  appears  of  record  : 

Ordered,  That  William  H.  Whiteside  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  appointed  to  attend  to  the  entry  of 
the  county  seat,  and  if  it  is  entered  to  obtain  a  bond  from  H.  W.  Sanford,  for  the  execution  of  a 
deed  to  the  county  upon  the  payment  of  the  entry  money  with  twenty-fire  per  cent,  interest. 

Ordered,  That  William  H.  Whiteside  be  and  he  is  hereby  authorized  to  sign  a  note  in  the 
name  of  the  County  Commissioners  for  the  payment  of  the  money  borrowed  to  enter  the  county  seat. 

April  6,  the  Board  ordered  the  place  of  election  in  "  Schwartz  "  Precinct, 
changed  to  the  house  of  John  Corbin.  The  Couirt  House  needed  some  work 
done  on  it  to  render  it  habitable.  It  needed  a  roof,  windows,  door,  etc.,  and 
the  Commissioners 

Ordered,  That  William  Eads  be  and  he  is  hereby  authorized  to  contract  with  a  carpenter  for 
work  to  be  done  on  the  Court  House  at  Delhi  according  to  a  bill  of  particulars,  and  he  is  limited 
not  to  exceed  sixty-five  dollars  for  the  same,  to  be  paid  in  county  orders. 

July  5,  1842,  the  Board  met  as  before,  and  ordered  the  payment  of  twelve 
dollars  each  to  Samuel  Clifton,  Joseph  Hewett,  Calvert  Roberts  and  Alfred 
Brown,  for  their  services  in  laying  out  the  road  from  Dubuque  to  Camp  Atkin- 
son, and  for  paying  Alfred  Wilson  and'  Moses  Hewett  as  chainmen,  and  George 
Culver  as  stake  driver. 

By  an  act  of  the  Territorial  Assembly,  approved  February  10,  1842,  the 
County  Commissioners  of  Delaware  were  required  to  pay  Wm.  Smith,  Sr., 
William  Jones  and  Thomas  Denson,  three  dollars  per  day  each  for  their  services 
as  Commissioners  in  locating  the  county  seat  of  Delaware  in  1840,  "  out  of  any 
money  in  the  county  treasury  of  said  county  not  otherwise  appropriated." 
Mr.  Smith  was  prompt  to  present  his  bill,  and  inasmuch  as  the  county  treas- 
nry  was  entirely  guiltless  of  ha.ving  any  money,  and  there  did  not  appear  to 
be  any  immediate  prospect  that  the  Treasurer's  wallet  would  contain  any,  there 
is  a  grim  humor  in  the  following  order  passed  by  the  Commissioners  : 

Ordered,  That  William  Smith,  Surveyor  of  Dubuque  County,  be  paid  forty-two  dollars  out  of 
the  treasury  in  any  money  not  otherwise  appropriated,  for  his  services  in  locating  the  eounty 
seat  of  Delaware  County,  as  per  account  filed  in  this  office. 

The  first  action  of  the  Commissioners  in  relation  to  county  roads  appears  of 
record  at  the  July  session,  when  it  was 

Ordered,  That  the  road  running  from  the  Dubuque  road,  near  Mr.  Floids,  to  the  White  Oak 
Grove,  from  thence  to  pass  the  school  house  and  intersect  the  road  running  from  Prairie  duChien 
to  the  county  line  of  Delaware,  be  and  the  same  is  hereby  established  as  a  public  county  road, 
and  that  David  Moreland,  Missouri  Dickson  and  W.  Wiltse  are  hereby»appointed  Commissioners 
to  locate  the  same,  and  that  Ezra  Hubbard  is  hereby  appointed  Supervisor  of  the  same. 

Orders  were  also  passed  at  this  meeting  establishing  the  rate  of  taxes  for  the 
vear  1842  as  follows:  "  Levy  on  taxable  property  for  county  purposes,  four  and 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 


353 


Paid. 
Holt  pays. 
Paid. 
Paid. 
Paid. 
Paid. 
Paid. 
Hobbs  pays ; 


paid. 


Paid. 

Paid. 

Paid. 

Paid. 

Paid  81.27'^;  Sl.OO. 

Paid ;  over  age ;  $1.00. 

Paid  $2.70. 

Paid. 

Paid. 

Cr.  60  paid ;  paid. 

Paid  ;  Cr.  Blacker,  66. 

Paid  L.  J. 

Paid,  $1.05. 

Paid. 

Over  age ;  $1.00. 

Paid. 

Hobbs  pays. 

Paid. 

Burnham  to  pay  25. 

Paid, 

S.  Philip  is  to  pay  2;  paid. 

Paid. 

Paid  $2.00  (illegible),  2.00. 


Thomas  Coal  (Cole) 
Wm.  Montgomery.. . 

Albert  Baker 

Oylus  (Silas)  Gilmore 
R.  Torents  (Torrence) 
Moses  Dean. 


1.12^ 
1.30 
$1.75 
1.2S 
1.40 


three-fourths  of  a  mill  on  the  dollar  ;  Poll  tax  on  every  white  male  inhabitant 
between  21  and  50  years  of  age,  one  dollar  ;  Territorial  tax  on  all  taxable  prop- 
erty in  the  county,  one-fourth  of  a  mill  on  the  dollar. 

THE  FIRST  TAX. 
Among  the  early  records  of  Delaware  County  preserved  in  the  Treasurer's 
office,  at  Delhi,  are  the  abstracts  of  the  assessment  rolls  of  1842,  1843,  1845 
and  1847.  The  first  tax  assessed  in  Delaware  was  in  1842,  and  the  first  assess- 
ment roll  is  an  interesting  historical  document,  as  it  not  only  shows  the  amount 
of  taxes  paid  and  the  names  of  the  tax  payers,  but  indicates,  with  tolerable  accu- 
racy, the  number  and  names  of  the  actual  settlers  in  Delaware  County  at  that 
time,  as  very  few  were  non-residents.  The  document,  of  which  the  following 
is  a  copy,  was  written  upon  two  sheets  of  letter  paper,  by  C.  W.  Hobbs,  Clerk, 
and  it  will  be  interesting  to  compare  them  with  the  tabular  statement  of  valua- 
tion and  taxes  levied  in  Delaware  County,  for  1877,  as  showing  the  results  of 
thirty-five  years  of  growth  and  progress : 

ABSTRACT    OF    THE    ASSESSMENT   KOLL    OF    DELAWARE    COUNTY,    AS    RETURNED   AND   ACCEPTED  BY    THE 

COUNTY    COMMISSIONERS   FOR    1842. 
Taxes  Due.  How  Paid. 

JohnCorbin $    3.14%    Is  to  pay  $3,30;  paid. 

LnciusKibbee,Jr..,.      2,n>/3    Hobbs  pays;  paid, 

William  Eads 3,47% 

Henry  W,  Lyons 1-95 

Eobert  B,  Hutson 3-4754 

Thomas  Eads 2.0854 

John  Clark 2.26 

Adin  Paddleford 1,75 

Wm,  E,  Paddleford,,,      2.04VS 

Clement  Coffin 2.12^2 

Charles  Osborn 26 

Emily  Tubbs .25 

James  Cole I»y2 

'  James  Montgomery..      2,10 

Leonard  Wiltse 2,42!4 

Wellins:ton  Wiltse,..      2,27'/2 

David  Moreland 5,13 

Jacob  Landis 1-70 

Mm  Melusin 2,20 

Missouri  Dickson,,,,      4,40 
James  Butherford,,,.      2,05 

Ezra  Hubbard '  2,35 

Silbert  D,  Dillon 3,00 

Bunoaji  McOullom,,,      2.05 

Job  Benson 1-65 

William  Burnham....      2.00 

Samuel  Whitaker 4.65 

Joseph  Rutherford..,      2.6354 

Orlean  Blanchard 1-00 

William  Hoag -6" 

Joseph  Osleby 1-JO  , 

Favette  Phillips 2.4054 

Simeon  Phillips Ij2 

Eichard  ¥.  Barrett...      4.00 
ElPBZor  Venters 

(Frentre^s) 9-60 

James  Crawford 4.00 

John  Keeler 2.77'A 

.TohnW.  Penn 1-20 

William  McMuUin...  1.60 
.75 
.75 

1.63H 

2.8754 


Paid. 

Paid. 

Paid. 

Paid  over;.30  due  J.H.P. 

Eads  paid. 

Paid. 

Paid. 

Paid. 

Paid. 

Paid, 

Hobbs  pays;  paid. 

Paid, 


Joel  Pike, 

William  Davis 

James  Eads 

Abraham  Whitesides 

John  Cutler IJO 

D.  R.  Dance 2.25 

.Tnsiah  Fus:ate 1.0654 

John  B.  Bennoist 1.6254 

W.L.Woods 1-25 

Edmund  Scoggins.,,,  1-40 

Daniel  Brown ,„,, 

Morris  Reed l-iVA 

Alexander  Browne,,,  2,17^ 

John  HinWe 1-3754 

Hiram   Minkley 

(Miniler) l-^!" 

Horace  Tubbs 1-30 

Henr.y  Baker ^fA    f^,i,^^j, 

JacobCIark •  Over  age;  $1.00  paid. 

Chariesw!Hoi,ta.::::  I.92K    H„bbs  pays;  .paid. 


Paid, 

Hobbs  pays ;  paid. 

Paid, 

Paid, 

Paid, 

Paid, 

»Paid, 


John  Bradley 1. 

William  Hile 25 

Hawley  Lowe 1  45 

0,  A,  Olmsted 1.4754 

John  Belong 1,8254 

Hugh  Livingston 1.30 

Angus  Madison 1.425^ 

Hugh  Rose 1.67}^ 

John  Livingston 1.60 

James  Livingston 1.60 

Rheinard  Kameron..  1.13 

Arthur  Laughlin 1.1354 

Eoland  Aubrey 1.65 

Leroy  Jackson 2.2254 

Henry  A.  Carter 1.40 

Hannah  Carter 4  .85 

Jefferson  Lowe 1.12}/^ 

William  Nicholson...  1.25 

Henry  W.  Hoskins...  1.00 

John  Paddleford 1.00 

Allen  Fargo 1.00 

Phipps  Wiltse 3.00 

Liberty  Coale  (Cole)..  1.00 

Jacob  Moreland 1.00 

Joel  Bailey J.OO 

Cyrus  Keeler 1  00 

Amesy(Amasa)Wiltte  1.00 

Theodore  Marks 1.00 

(Jeorge  Cutler 1.00 

Jno.  Stansberry,  paid,  1.00 

Charles  Bennoist 1.00 

W.  H.  WhiteBide,pole  1 .00 

Wm.  Hite,   '  "  1-00 


Taxes  Due,  How  Paid. 

2.273^    Bads  pays. 

Q.  Overage;  $1.00  paid. 
Paid  30  cent!. 
Paid. 
Paid. 
Paid. 
Paid. 
Paid. 
Paid. 
Paid. 


Paid. 

Paid. 

Paid. 

Paid  60  ;  L.  J,  60  paid. 

Overage;  $1,00 paid;  60. 

Paid. 

Paid, 

Paid. 

Paid;  L.J. 

Hobbs  pays ;  paid. 

Hobbs  pays ;  paid. 

Paid ;  L.  J. 

Paid;  L.J. 

Paid. 

Paid. 

Paid. 

Paid, 
Paid, 
Paid. 
Paid. 

Paid. 
Paid, 
Paid, 
Paid. 
Paid. 
Paid. 


Credit $177.61% 

By  error  in  Barrett's 
tax 25 


$177.36% 


(The  following  are  in  a  different  handwriting,  but  the 
payments  noted  are  by  the  same  hand  as  the  foregoing.) 

A,  J,  Blackman 1,00        Paid, 

James  Ca^inow 50 

Frank  Metet(Moffatt)        .60 
Daniel  Thornsburg.,,      1  06 

Franklin  Culver 1,50 

Samuel  Kelly 1-20 

Iria  A,  Blanchard ^5 

Laurense  Mulican....      1,00 
Theophilus  Croford.,.        .50 

Jacob  Landis 1,00 

AbnerEads l-W 

177,34 


Paid, 
Hobbs  pays. 

Paid  $1,00, 
Paid, 
Paid;  L.J. 

Paid. 
Paid, 
Paid, 


-$186,79 
6,00 


-$180.79 


354  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

Delaware  County,  Iowa  Terbitort,  as.:  In  the  name  of  the  United  States  of  America, 
Iowa  Territory,  to  wit : 

Leroy  Jackson,  Collector  of  Taxes  for  Delaware  County :  You  are  hereby  commanded  to 
collect  the  taxes  charged  in  the  foregoing  abstract  of  assessment  roll,  by  demanding  payment 
of  the  persons  charged  therein,  and  sale  of  their  goods  and  chattels,  severally,  or  by  sale  of  the 
tracts  of  land  or  lots  mentioned  in  said  abstract,  according  to  exigency,  and  that  you  pay  over 
all  moneys  collected  by  you  by  virtue  of  this  precept,  as  directed  thereby,  monthly,  and  that 
you  return  this  precept,  together  with  the  abstract  of  the  aforegoing  roll,  and  an  account  of 
your  acts  thereon,  to  me  on  or  before  the  Ist  day  of  January  next  ensuing  the  date  hereof. 

CHARLES  W.  HOBBS. 
Clerk  to  County  Commissioners  of  Delaware  County,  Iowa  Territory. 

Sept.  5,  1842. 

The  closeness  with  which  the-  tax  of  1842  was  collected  is  remarkable. 
Modern  tax  gatherers  would  be  glad  to  see  the  example  imitated  in  later  days. 

At  the  general  election  in  August,  1842,  William  H.  Whiteside,  Simeon 
Phillips  and  Missouri  Dickson  were  elected  Commissioners. 

In  October,  1842,  the  carpenter  work  on  the  county  building  had  not  been 
done.  Mr.  Eads  had  not  been  able  to  find  a  carpenter  who  would  do  the  work 
and  take  his  pay  in  "  county  orders,"  which  were  almost  worthless.  Accord- 
ingly, when  the  Commissioners  met  on  the  4th  of  October,  at  the  house  of  Mr. 
Penn,  they  appointed  Simeon  Phillips  as  "  contractor  for  finishing  the  Court 
House,  according  to  a  bill  of  particulars  furnished,  the  same  not  to  exceed  in 
cost  sixty -five  dollars,  to  be  paid  in  county  orders."  John  Hinkle  was  ap- 
pointed Supervisor  for  that  part  of  the  territorial  road  from  Dubuque  to  Camp 
Atkinson,  running  through  the  Eads  Precinct,  according  to  the  lines  of  said 
precinct. 

The  first  saw-mill  in  the  county  was  built  by  Oliver  A.  Olmstead,  on  the 
North  Fork  of  the  Maquoketa,  where  Rockville  was  afterward  laid  out,  in  the 
Summer  and  Fall  of  1842. 

In  the  Spring  of  1842,  a  new  school  house  was  built  by  the  settlers  at 
Colony*  and  vicinity,  and  in  the  Summer  of  that  year.  Miss  Maria  Phillips 
taught  the  first  school  in  it  for  a  term  of  three  months.  She  had  about  fifteen 
scholars,  received  $1.25  per  week,  and  "boarded  around."  During  the  next 
Winter,  the  first  school  at  Eads'  Grove,  of  which  knowledge  remains,  was  taught 
by  William  H.  Reed,  who  died  the  following  Spring  of  consumption. 

The  population  of  Delaware  County  did  not  increase  much  in  1842.  Very 
few  settlers  came  in,  and  but  a  few  of  those  who  had  settled  here  were  able  to 
enter  their  land.  Job  Benson  settled  in  the  southeast  part  of  the  county. 
Archibald  Montgomery,  who  came  in  May  with  his  family  ;  Lawrence  McNa- 
mee  and  family,  September ;  John  D.  Klaus,  August ;  these  settled  near 
Moreland's. 

The  Fall  and  Winter  of  1842-3  was  one  of  unusual  severity.  Snow  fell 
early  in  November  and  remained  until  late  in  April,  and  the  hardships  and 
sufferings  of  the  settlers  during  that  terrible  Winter  are  almost  incredible.  One 
or  two  incidents  of  that  time  will  serve  to  illustrate  the  severity  of  the  Winter 
and  the  sufferings  of  the  settlers,  as  well  as  to  give  some  idea  of  frontier  customs 
at  that  time. 

*Mr.  Lawrence  McNamee  states  that  in  thaSnmmer  of  1843,  Mrs.  McCleUand  taught  the  Colony  School,  followell 
in  the  Winter  of  1843-4  by  William  Hall ;  that  during  Hall's  term  the  school  house  was  burned,  and  that  the  next 
Summer,  Mrs.  McClelland  taught  in  James  Cole's  cabin.  There  appears  to  be  a  conflict  of  authority  in  relation  to  the 
first  school  houso.9  of  Colony,  and,  since  the  above  was  in  type.  Judge  Bailey,  then  County  Surveyor,  has  furnished  the 
following  from  his  minutes :  "Surveyed  one  acre  of  land  for  school  house,  described  as  follows :  Commenced  at  red 
oak  tree,  ten  inches  diameter,  south  46  west  13  chains  from  quarter  section  post  in  the  center  of  Section  4;  tlience 
west  4  chains  to  mound  ;  thence  south  2J^  chains  to  mound ;  thence  east  4  chains  to  mound  ;  thence  north  2J^  chains 
to  the  place  of  beginning,  V.  10°.  April  8, 1842."  Mr.  Bailey  states  that  at  that  time  the  school  house  was  standing 
there,  and  he  thinks  it  must  have  been  built  a  year  previous,  at  least.  In  the  light  of  this  additional  testimony,  the 
presumption  is  that  this  was  the  first  house  referred  to  by  Mr.  Moreland ;  but  that  he  was  in  error  as  to  the  date  of 
burning,  and  that,  perhaps,  the  house  was  simply  finished  in  1842,  giving  rise  to  the  impression  that  it  was  built  in 
that  year. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  355 

Soon  after  William  Bennett  had  started  the  town  of  Democracy  (now  Quas- 
queton)  and  built  his  mill,  it  is  related  that  a  stranger,  who  gave  the  name  of 
William  Johnson,  accompanied  by  a  young  woman  whom  he  represented  to  be 
his  daughter,  located  at  the  geographical  center  of  Buchanan  County.  (Johnson 
claimed  to  have  been  the  hero  of  the  Canadian  revolt,  which  took  place  in  1838, 
and  was  the  occasion  of  considerable  diplomatic  correspondence,  and  came  so  near 
causing  war  between  Great  Britain  and  the  United  States.)  This  excited  Ben- 
nett's jealousy,  who  feared  that  Johnson  would  thus  secure  the  location  of  the 
seat  of  justice  of  the  new  county  on  his  own  claim.  Meantime,  Bennett  had 
gathered  a  few  congenial  spirits  about  him,  among  them  Evans,  who  was  a  com- 
panion of  his  on  his  first  trip  from  Missouri  northward,  all  of  whom  were  under 
his  influence.  Bennett  and  his  associates  went  over  to  Johnson's,  loaded  up  his 
effects  for  him,  then  tied  him  to  a  tree  and  flogged  him,  the  accounts  differing  as 
to  its  severity.  Johnson  went  to  Marion,  where  he  lodged  complaint  against 
his  persecutors,  and  the  Sheriff  of  Linn  County  rode  up  to  Democracy  to  arrest 
Bennett.  The  latter  awaited  him  at  his  cabin  door,  armed  with  his  rifle  and  a 
pair  of  pistols.  The  Sheriff  modestly  retired  and  went  back  to  Marion  for  a 
posse.  Bennett  and  his  associates — Evans,  Jeffers,  Day,  Walls  and  Warner — 
became  convinced  that  they  had  better  leave  Democracy  for  awhile. 

Accordingly,  just  after  dinner,  one  bitter  cold  day,  they  started  for  Eads 
Grove,  Bennett  with  a  horse  and  "jumper"  (a  sort  of  rude  pung),  and  th^ 
others   on  foot.       Bennett  came  through  to  Coffin's    Grove   that   night,    but 
the  footmen,  when  they  reached  Buffalo  Creek,  at  nightfall,  encamped  there. 
The  cold  was  so  intense,  however,  that  they  were  in  danger  of  freezing  if  they 
remained,  and  they  concluded  to  push  on  to  Coffin's  Grove,  about  nine  miles, 
where   they    would  find    shelter.       They    started,   but   Warner   soon   became 
exhausted.  His  companions  wrapped  him  in  deer  skins,  dug  a  hole  in  the  snow, 
laid  him  in  it,  and  struggled  on.    Evans  and  Jeffers  reached  Mr.  Coffin's  about 
4  o'clock   the  next  morning,  some  what  frost-bitten.     Mr.  Coffin  and  Henry 
Baker,  started  out  immediately,  with  a  team,  to  find  the  others ;  found  Walls, 
who  was  but  a  boy,  about  a  mile  outside  of  the  grove,  badly  frozen,  and  a  little 
further  on.  Day  also.     Returning  with  them  to  the  house,  Mr.  Coffin  remanied 
to  care  of  them,  and  Mr.  Baker  started  out  again  with  the  ox  team,  with  two 
feather  beds  on  the  sled,  to  hunt  up  Warner.     The  cold  was  so  intense  that 
•Baker  became  alarmed  for  his  own  safety,  as  he  was  freezing ;  and  being  bewil- 
dered by  the   driving  snow,  ensconced  himself  between  the  feather  beds,  and 
the  oxen  came  home.    Upon  his  arrival  without  Warner,  Bennet  at  once  started 
with  his  "jumper,"   and  fortunately  found  Warner,  who  was  delirious,  near 
where  the  party  had  left  him,  and  brought  him  in  to  Mr.  Coffins.     He  was 
not  much  frozen,  but  was  so  thoroughly  chilled  that  he  died  about  a  year  after- 
ward from  the  exposure  of  that  awful  night.     Day  was  not  frozen  much,  appar- 
ently, but  he  never  rallied  from  the  effects  of  the  cold  upon  his  system,  became  de- 
lirious and  died  a  few  days  afterward.     Walls,  as  soon  as  he  could  be  moved  wa^ 
taken  to  Mr.  Alexander  Brown's,  at  Eads'  Grove.     The  flesh  decayed  and  fell  oft 
his  feet,  and  the  bones  of  the  ankle  joints  separated  so  that  Mr  Brown  severed 
the  remaining  tendons  and  amputated  them.     The  flesh  sloughed  off  above  the 
ankles  and  the  naked  bones  were  sawed  off  by  Mr.  Brown,  for  there  no  was 
surgeon  in  Delaware  County  at  that  time.     Walls  becatae  a  public  charge  and 
was  subsequently  sent  to  his  old  home  in  Indiana.     Bennett,  very  uneasy   ^f 
being  convinced  that  the  Linn  County  Sheriff  was  still  m  Pursuit  soon  Idt 
Eads'  Grove  and  started  northward,  toward  an  Indian  camp  on  the  iurkey.     tie 
took  a  companion  part  way,  whom  he  sent  back,  and  made  his  way  alone  to  the 


356  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

camp.  When  the  Sheriff  saw  the  divided  trail,  he  sent  part  of  his  men  back  to 
Eads',  and  following  the  northward  track  with  the  others.  Arrived  at  the  camp, 
he  made  Bennett's  acquaintance,  and  was  chatting  cosily  with  him,  when  an 
acquaintance  of  Bennett's  politely  introduced  them.  The  fugitive  instantly 
covered  the  oflScer  with  a  pistol,  who  was  again  forced  to  retire  from  the  pursuit. 
The  same  day,  one  of  the  Sheriff's  men,  mistaking  a  young  squaw  for  Bennett, 
hastily  shot  at  her,  killing  her  instantly.  Bennett  was  afterward  arrested  and 
tried  in  Dubuque  before  Judge  Wilson,  but  there  was  not  sufficient  evidence 
against  him  and  he  was  acquitted.  Johnson  and  his  girl  were  much  courted  for 
a  time,  but  it  leaking  out  that  he  was  an  impostor,  and  she  a  girl  of  uncertain 
virtue,  they  were  quietly  droppfed  as  being  undesirable  acquaintances.  The  pair 
then  returned  to  Southern  Iowa.  A  young  man  named  Peck  eloped  with  i.he 
girl  from  Mahaska  County,  and  Johnson  being  afterward  fired  at  and  killed,  while 
sitting  in  the  window  of  a  house,  Peck  was  arrested  for  the  murder,  of  which  it 
is  believed  that  he  was  entirely  innocent. 

In  the  Fall  of  1842,  Mr.  Lowrey,  in  charge  of  the  Winnebago  Mission 
School,  in  the  northern  part  of  Fayette  County,  advertised  for  proposals  to 
furnish  15,000  pounds  of  pork.  Joel  Bailey  and  John  Keeler  had  hogs  enough 
to  supply  that  amount,  and  Keeler  went  to  the  Mission  to  bid  for  the  contract. 
He  found  several  other  competitors  there,  who  had  hogs  which  they  were  anx- 
ious to  sell.  Keeler  put  in  a  bid  of  $2.25  per  hundred ;  the  others  gave  the 
same  figures.  Keeler  reduced  his  bid  to  $2.00,  and  started  for  home,  discour- 
aged. The  first  night,  he  stopped  with  Joseph  Hewett,  who  lived  about  seven 
miles  northwest  of  Strawberry  Point,  in  the  edge  of  Fayette  County.  Hewett, 
after  hearing  his  story,  told  him  that,  unless  he  put  in  a  still  lower  bid,  he  would 
lose  the  contract,  and  proposed  that  if  he  would  make  a  bid  at  fl.75,  he 
(Hewett)  would  carry  it  to  the  Mission  himself.  Keeler  hardly  knew  what  to 
do.  That  was  a  ruinously  low  figure ;  but  he  and  Bailey  had  the  hogs,  and 
hardly  knew  how  they  were  to  winter  them,  and  he  finally  adopted  Hewett's 
suggestion,  -sent  in  the  bid  and  came  home. 

About  a  week  afterward,  Mr.  Babbitt,  who  lived  on  the  Wapsipinicon,  near 
Marion,  came  down  to  Bailey's  place,  with  a  notice  from  Lowrey  that  Keeler's 
bid  had  been  accepted ;  that  they  must  file  a  bond  and  deliver  the  pork  on 
Christmas  Day.  They  hesitated  about  filling  the  contract,  and  while  discussing 
it.  Babbitt,  who  also  had  a  lot  of  hogs  he  didn't  know  what  to  do  with,  offered 
to  give  them  five  dollars  for  their  contract.  They  concluded  that  if  he,  living 
still  further  from  the  Missioi},  could  afford  to  do  that,  they  could  afford  to  fill 
the  contract  themselves.  i 

Accordingly,  on  the  17th  of  December,  Joel  Bailey,  John  Keeler,  James 
Kibbee,  William  R.  Padelford  and  Lucius  Vandever,  with  three  ox  teams 
^[seven  yokes)  loaded  with  corn  and  supplies,  with  their  drove  of  hogs,  started 
for  the  Mission.  The  weather  was  cold  and  the  snow  "knee-deep  ;"  but,  after 
a  toilsome  journey  of  eight  days,  camping  every  night  save  one,  they  reached 
the  Mission  on  the  25th,  and  were  joyfully  welcomed  by  the  Mission  people, 
who  had  begun  to  fear  that  they  might  be  forced  to  live  without  meat  during 
the  Winter.  Immediately  after  their  arrival,  preparations  were  made  for 
slaughtering  the  hogs.  This  was  done  on  the  open  prairie.  The  weather  was 
bitter  cold,  and  it  was  not  an  easy  or  comfortable  task  for  five  men  to  kill  and 
dress  twenty-five  hogs  a  day.  On  the  fifth  day,  the  weather  began  to  moderate, 
and  about  noon,  having  finished  their  work  and  settled  with  Mr.  Lowrey,  with 
barely  provisions  enough  to  last  one  day,  the  little  party  started  on  their  return 
to  Delaware,  January  1,  1843,  intending  to  camp  on  the  banks  of  the  Little 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 


35r 


Turkey  that  night  and  "make"  Beatty's  cabin,  on  the  Volga,  twenty  miles 
the  next  day.  They  encamped  at  Little  Turkey  Crossing,  as  designed  itv 
ing  the  night,  a  furious  snow  storm  from  the  southeast  commenced  The  next 
morning,  however;  they  commenced  their  journey ;  but  the  storm  was  so  severe 
and  the  snow  became  so  deep  that,  about  noon,  they  lost  the  track,  became 
bewildered,  and  finally  were  forced  to  turn  back,  arriving  at  the  camping  ground 
they  left  in  the  morning  about  dark,  cold,  wet,  weary  and  disnirited 

The  storm  continued  during  the  night  with  unabated  fury,  and  the  next 
morning  It  was  still   snowing  as  hard  as   ever,  but  our  little  band  concluded 
that  it   could  not   last  much  longer,  and,  hoping  to  reach  the  Volga   timber- 
before  night-fall,   again  broke  camp    and  started.     The  snow   was  now  from 
two  and  one-half  to  four  feet  deep.     The  men  were  forced  to  wallow  ahead  to 
break  a  track  for  the  oxen,  and  their  progress  was  slow  and  wearisome   espe- 
cially as  both  men  and  animals  had  been  without  food  for  nearly  twenty-four 
hours.     The  weather  was  moderate,  and  their  clothes  were  wet.     About  10 
o'clock  m  the  forenoon,  the  storm  ceased,  and  the  wind,  shifting  suddenly  to  the 
northwest,  blew  a  heavy,  biting,  freezing  gale,  and  the  little  party  were  forced 
to  face  the  new  danger  of  freezing  to  death.     A  little  after  noon,  the  Volga 
timber  was  discovered;  but,  when  the  sun  went  down,  they  were  still  miles 
away  from  it.     As  long  as  they  could  see  the  timber,  they  kept  on,  but  at  last 
It  became  so  dark,  that  they  could  no  longer  see  it,  and  there,  on  the  open 
prairie,  exposed  to  the  full  fury  of  the  bitter  January  blast,  with  the  air  filled 
with  fine  snow,  driven  by  the  wind,  without  food,  exhausted  and  freezing,  the 
little  party  were  compelled  to  stop.     Their  largest  sled  was  about  ten  feet  long. 
It  had  on  it  a  box  for  holding  corn,  the  length  of  the  sled  and  two  boards  high. 
By  shoveling  the  snow  off  of  a  little  spot  beside  it,  as  it  sat  well  up  to  the  top 
of  the  snow,  the  top  of  the  sled  box  was  about  as  high  as  their  heads.     By 
doing  this,  they  were  partially  sheltered  from  the  piercing  wind,  and  had  a  hard 
surface  on  which  to  stamp  their  feet.     They  whittled  up  the  box  on  another 
sled,  and  endeavored  to  make  a  fire,  but  every  match  they  had  was  used  with- 
out success ;  their  ammunition  had  become  damp,  their  fingers  were  too  much 
benumbed  with  cold  to  use  the  flint  and  steel — they  could  have  no  fire.     It  was 
a  critical  situation,  without  food,  without  fire,  completely  exhausted.     It  was 
a  wonder  that  they  were  not  discouraged.     Death  not  only  stared  them  in  the 
face,  but  was  feeling  with  icy  fingers  for  their  hearts.     Their  lives  depended 
upon  keeping  awake  and  moving.     To  remain  still  was  to  sleep,  and  sleep  was 
death.     The  poor  fellows  wrapped  their  blankets  about  their  heads,  and  here 
they  stood,  huddled  together,  stamping,  yelling  and  talking,  keeping  each  other 
awake.     The  fearful  horrors  of  that  terrible  night,  says  Judge  Bailey,  from 
whose  lips  this  narrative  is  taken,  "are  as  vividly  impressed  upon  my  memory, 
as  if  they  occurred  but  yesterday.     We  had  to  watch  for  each  other's  voices. 
If  we  failed  to  hear  one,  we  hunted  about,  in  the  dark,  until  we  found  him  lean- 
ing against  the  sled,  and  started  him  a-going  again.     It  seemed  as  if  the  day 
would  never  dawn.     It  was  the  longest  night  I  ever  experienced." 

Daylight  came,  at  last,  and  they  resumed  the  wearisome  way.  About  noon, 
they  reached  the  Volga,  and  obtained  some  water.  It  was  still  three  miles  to 
the  cabin  of  Beatty  and  O'Rear.  Would  the  exhausted  party  ever  reach  it?- 
They  would  try.  On  they  staggered,  famishing  and  freezing,  and  hardly  car- 
ing whether  they  lived  or  died.  They  struck  a  track  about  half  a  mile  from 
the  cabin,  which  gave  them  new  courage,  and,  at  last,  about  dark,  badly  frozen, 
famished  and  utterly  exhausted,  they  reached  Beatty's  cabin.  Here  they  found 
G.  D.  Dillon  and  Mr.  F.   Culver  on  their  way  to  the  Mission  and  the  Fort 


358  HISTOEY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

beyond,  with  two  loads  of  butter,  eggs  and  poultry,  snow-bound;  also  a  Mr. 
Johnson.  Beatty  and  O'Rear  at  once  provided  for  the  wants  of  Eailey  and  his 
party.  One  of  them,  drawing  upon  Dillon's  load,  prepared  supper,  and  the 
t3thers  procured  tubs  filled  with  cold  water,  into  which  the  frozen  feet  and  limbs 
of  the  suiFerers  were  plunged.  While  they  were  thus  drawing  the  frost  from 
their  frozen  feet,  a  good  warm  supper  was  served  them,  and  they  broke  their 
protracted  fast  of  forty-eight  hours.  Bailey,  Keeler  and  Vandever  were  so 
badly  injured,  that  they  were  compelled  to  remain  at  the  hospitable  cabin  of 
Beatty.and  .O'Rear,  which  was  near  the  spot  where  the  Garden  family  were  soon 
afterward  murdered  by  the  Indians.  As  soon  as  they  were  able  to  be  moved, 
beds  were  arranged  for  them  on  the  sleds,  and  they  started  for  home,  accompanied 
by  Johnson.  The  great  hearted  Beatty  accompanied  them  to  Maj.  Mumford's, 
near  Brush  Creek.-  It. was  only  seven  miles,  but  they  were  all  day  in  making 
the  journey,  Beatty  helping  to  break  the  track.  The  next  day,  they  reached 
Joe  Hewett's  cabin,  seven  or  eight  miles  farther,  and  on  the  evening  of  the 
third  day,  arrived  at  Eads'  Grove.  Here  they  found  Bennett  and  Judge  Cof- 
fin. Day,  mentioned  in  the  preceding  sketch,  had  just  died,  and  Mr.  CofiSn 
thought  that  as  Bennett  was  the  prime  cause  of  all  that  trouble,  he  should  bear, 
at  least,  a  part  of  the  expense.  Bennett,  however,  was  not  inclined  to  help 
bear  the  burdens  he  had  imposed.  Mr.  Bailey  was  unable  to  walk  for  three 
months  after  this  affair.  Both  his  feet  ulcerated,  and  the  flesh  dropped  ofi 
one  of  his  toes,  and  the  dead  naked  bone  was  cut  off  by  Keeler  with  a  "dog 
knife."  Keeler  was  also  laid  up  for  several  weeks.,  Vandever  fared  the 
worst.  The  fiesh  fell  off  all  the  toes  on  one  of  his  feet,  and  three  of  the 
other,  exposing  the  bones  to  their  articulation  with  the  bones  of  the  feet. 
There  was  no  surgeon  nearer  than  Dubuque;  and  his  nurse,  Lucius  Kibbee, 
detached  the  naked  bones  of  the  toes,  using  an  old  bullet-mould  for  forceps. 
After  this  novel  surgical  operation  was  performed,  the  mutilated  feet  finally 
healed,  but  poor  Vandever  was  a  cripple  for  life. 

Some  time  in  the  next  Winter,  Leroy  Jackson,  who  had  sold  some  hoga  at 
Camp  Atkinson,  went  there  on  horseback  for  his  pay.  On  the  journey,  his  ears, 
face  and  hands  were  severely  frost-bitten.  With  much  difficulty,  he  managed  to 
reach  a  cabin  occupied  by  two  men  (probably  Beatty  and  O'Rear,  mentioned 
above),  who,  at  once,  ministered  to  his  needs,  treating  the  frozen  parts  with 
roasted  turnips  and  onions,  until  he  was  able  to  return.  When  he  reached 
home,  it  is  said  that  his  features  were  so  much  swollen  and,  discolored,  that  Mrs. 
Jackson  did  not  recognize  him. 

During  this  severe  Winter,  many  persons  were  lost  and  frozen  to  death  on 
these  then  almost  trackless  prairies.  One  might  as  well  be  in  mid-ocean  in  a 
storm,  without  compass  or  rudder,  as  to  be  out  of  sight  of  timber  on  these  prai- 
ries, in  one  of  those  fearful  winter  storms.  All  through  the  month  of  March, 
1843,  says  Judge  Bailey,  the  cold  was  as  intense  as  it  had  been  during  the 
entire  Winter,  and  on  the  1st  day  of  April,  the  snow  was  so  deep  that  the 
highest  fences  were  covered,  and  teams  drive  over  them  on  the  frozen  surface. 
On  this  day,  Henry  Baker  started  from  Coffin's  Grove  to  visit  Joel  Bailey,  and 
see  how  he  was  getting  along.  The  snow  was  so  deep,  and  the  surface  frozen 
so  hard,  that  he  had  no  diflSculty  in  making  his  way. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Board  of  County  Commissioners,  in  January,  1843, 
Theodore  Marks,  the  County  Treasurer,  was  ordered  to  obtain  an  account 
book. 

The  Treasurer's  book  of  1843  contain  the  following  entries  of  moneys 
received : 


HISTORY  Of  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  359 

January  4th,  G.  D.  Dillon,  Justice  of  the  Peace,  fined  Jonas  Gallahan  for 
breach  of  the  peace  on  Lucius  Kibbee,  $5.00. 

January  12th,  James  Rutherford,  Constable,  fine  (of)  Horace  Malery  for 
breach  of  the  peace,  by  Wm.  Montgomery,  Justice  of  the  Peace,  $5.00. 

January  25th,  William  Montgomery,  Justice  of  the  Peace,  fined  Missouri 
Dickson  for  breach  of  the  peace  on  Ezra  Hubbard,  $5.00. 

July  20th,  license  to  David  Bierer  to  trade  one  year,  (warrants),  $25.00. 

January  12,  1843,  by  act  of  the  Legislature,  Robert  W.  Green,  Joel  Bailey 
and  0.  A.  Olmstead  were  appointed  Commissioners  to  "  locate  and  mark  a  Ter- 
ritorial road,  commencing  at  Bennett's  Mill,  in  Buchanan  County  (Democracy, 
since  Quasqueton),  by  the  county  seat  of  Delaware  County  (Delhi),  to  intersect 
the  road  from  Marion,  Linn  County  to  Dubuque,  at  or  near  Olmstead's  Mill," 
on  the  North  Fork  of  the  Maquoketa,  where  Rockville  was  afterward  founded. 

At  the  time  this  act  was  passed,  Mr.  Bailey  was  suffering  from  the  effects  of 
his  exposure  on  the  prairie  near  the  Mission,  and  the  Commissioners  did  not 
proceed  to  their  duties  until  December,  1843,  when  they  proceeded  to  Quas- 
queton and  located  and  marked  the  road  from  that  point  to  Olmstead's.  The 
snow  was  several  inches  deep,  and  the  party  were  three  days  on  the  way.  Re- 
turns were  made  to  the  Legislature,  which,  by  act  approved  February  12,  1844, 
declared  it  a  Territorial  road.  Soon  afterward,  in  the  Spring  or  early  Summer 
of  1845,  a  mail  route  was  established  on  this  road  from  Dubuque  to  Quasqueton 
and  Independence,  and  it  was,  until  the  railroad  was  built,  the  mainly  traveled 
road  from  the  Mississippi  River  to  the  western  settlements.  It  is  proper  to  add 
that  the  present  road  across  the  county,  from  Bailey's  Ford  to  Rockville,  is 
substantially  as  it  was  located  by  the  Commissioners  in  1843.* 

By  a  joint  resolution  of  the  Territorial  Assembly,  ap'proved  February  13, 
1843,  Col.  Thomas  Cox  was  authorized  to  employ  C.  M.  Doolittle,  of  Jackson 
County,  to  furnish  a  full  set  of  seals  for  Delaware  County. 

By  act  approved  February  18,  1843,  the  county  of  Delaware  was  attached 
to  Dubuque  County  for  judicial  purposes. 

April  4,  1843,  the  Commissioners  met  at  the  house  of  Simeon  Phillips. 
Buchanan  County  was  evidently  attached  to  Delaware  for  election  purposes  at 
this  time,  and  was  an  election  precinct,  for  at  this  meeting  Rufus  B.  Clark,  Dr. 
■  Brewer  and  Stephen  Sanford  were  appoin-ted  Judges  of  Election  for  Buchanan 
Precinct  for  1843,  and  the  house  of  James  Sanford  was  designated  as  the  voting 
place.  At  the  same  meeting,  John  Hinkle>  Supervisor  of  the  Territorial  road 
at  Eads  Precinct,  was  removed,  and  Daniel  Brown  appointed  in  his  stead. 

On  the  same  day,  the  Commissioners  ordered  that  Lewis  Walls,  a  pauper 
then  in  Eads  Precinct,  be  notified  to  leave  the  county.  This  was  the  same 
Walls  who  had  lost  both  of  his  feet  from  being  frozen  during  the  previous  Win- 
ter, as  stated  in  preceding  pages.  ^,  .„.  ,         ■     j 

July  3d,  the  Board  met  at  the  house  of  Simeon  Phillips,  and  received  a 
petition  for  a  county  road  from  Delhi  to  the  Colony.     The  road  had  been 
"staked  out"  by  the  settlers  in  1842,  and  a  bridge  built  by  them  across  Plum  , 
Creek,  but  they  now  wanted  it  made  a  county  road.     The  Commissioners 

Ordered,  That  the  petition  for  a  road  from  Delhi  to  the  «°^°5^  .*'«  \°'J^^'\\^""!;^  |;^reS 
granted,  and  that  Missouri  Dickson,  John  Keeler  and  Chaa.  W.  Hobbs  be  and  they  are  hereby 
appointed  Viewers  to  locate  the  same.  i  13   'i 

The  Viewers  made  a  report  of  their  survey,  having  employed  Joel  Bailey  as 
Surveyor,  and,  January  1,  1844,  the  Commissioners  accepted  theif  report  and 
ordered  the  road  as  surveyed  "  to  be  recorded  as  a  public  county  road. 

TTadge  Thomas  S.  Wilson,  in  a  note  dated  Dnbnque,  May  13, 1878,  says :    "  The  County  Surveyor  informs  me  that 
the  road  to  Delhi  was  laid  out  in  Dubuque  County  in  the  year  1845. 


360  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

Lewis  Walls,  the  pauper  who  had  been  ordered  to  leave  the  county,  was  not  in 
condition  to  be  moved,  and  the  Commissioners  at  this  July  meeting  ordered  that 
William  Eads  be  paid  eighteen  dollars  for  keeping  him  three  months,  and  that 
Eads  be  employed  to  board  said  pauper  twelve  weeks  longer,  and  to  purchase 
for  him  two  cotton  shirts  and  two  pairs  of  cotton  drilling  pantaloons. 

In  1843,  David  Bierer  opened  the  first  store  in  the  county,  at  the  Colony, 
where  Colesburg  now  stands.  Bierer  was  from  Eockford,  111.,  and  soon  after 
he  came,  it  is  said  that  some  members  of  the  "Prairie  Banditti,"  that  then 
infested  the  country  on  both  sides  of  the  Mississippi,  followed  and  robbed  >  him. 
Among  the  gang  were  Charles  Oliver,  John  F.  Baker  and  William  McDole; 
the  latter  was  Bierer's  brother-in-law.  For  several  years,  about  this  time, 
the  settlers  lost  their  best  horses,  which  were  stolen  by  the  members  of  this 
band,  whose  headquarters  were  established  in'  Illinois.  For  a  time,  the 
settlers  attributed  their  losses  to  the  Indians,  and  frequent  messages  were  sent 
to  Camp  Atkinson,  asking  that  they  be  removed  from  the  Turkey  timber.  Wil- 
son, who  was  shot,  about  1852,  near  the  southeastern  corner  of  the  county,  was 
undoubtedly  one  of  the  band.  Broadie,  whose  name  was  as  familiar  as  the  Dris- 
colls  in  Northern  Illinois,  stole  a  horse  from  a  preacher,  who  followed  him  to 
Missouri  and  recovered  his  property.  Carter  had  a  horse  stolen,  but  recovered 
the  animal. 

In  1843,  Mr.  Leverett  Rexford  returned  to  his  claim,  near  Bailey's,  and 
with  him  came  his  son-in-law,  John  Lillibridge,  and  his  family,  who  still  reside 
on  the  old  place. 

There  are  no  records  of  elections  in  Delaware  until  1848,  and  it  is  not  pos- 
sible to  determine  all  who  were  elected  from  year  to  year  until  that  time.  At  the 
election  in  August,  1843,  it  seems  that  Whiteside,  Phillips  and  Dickson  were 
re-elected  Commissioners,  C.  W.  Hobbs,  Recorder,  and  Leroy  Jackson,  Sheriff. 

Tax  Payers  of  I8J1B. — The  assessment  roll  of  September  1,  1843,  is  com- 
plete, and  furnishes  a  list  of  112  tax  payers  in  Delaware  County,  and  12  in 
Buchanan  County.  The  tax  of  Delaware  was  $198.85,  and  of  Buchanan,  $18.13. 
Delaware  County. — John  Hinkle,  Robt.  Hutson,  Wm.  Eads,  Thos.  G.  Eads, 
Jas.  Montgomery,  Leonard  Wiltse,  Jas.  Cole,  Wellington  Wiltse,  Lawrence  McNa- 
mee,  Horace  R.  Perce,  Ezra  Hubbard,  David  Moreland,  S.  L.  Montgomery,  D.  L. 
Sheets,  David  Bierer,  Frederick  Bierer,  Drake  Nelson,  Aratus  A.  Blackman, 
John  W.  Penn,  John  McMann,  Jacob  Landis,  John  Melugin,  James  Rutherford, 
Missouri  Dickson,  Lucius  Kibbee,  Jr.,  Hawley  Lowe,  Gilbert  D.  Dillon,  William 
Nicholson,  John  Corbin,  Samuel  Pennock,  Simeon  Phillips,  Fayette  PhiUips, 
Leroy  Jackson,  Joseph  Ogleby,  Eleazer  Frentress  (non-resident),  James  Craw- 
ford, Theodore  Marks,  Orlean  Blanchard,  William  Lawther,  William  Hoag, 
William  Burnham,  John  Burnham,  S.  P.  Whittaker,  Joseph  Rutherford,  Joel 
Bailey,  John  Keeler,  William  Padelford,  John  Padelford,  Clement  Coffin, 
Henry  Baker,  (^harles  Ausburn  (Osborn),  Horace  Tubbs,  Charles  W.  Hobbs, 
E.  Scroggins,  R.  H.  Thornburg,  Samuel  Kelly,  James  H.  Eads,  John  A.  Bell, 
James  Belcher,  Oliver  P.  Anderson,  Daniel  Brown,  Alexander  Brown,  Daniel 
Noble,  Arenso  Mulican  (Mulliken),  Leonard  Wiltse,  Amasa  Wiltse,  Fipps 
(Phipps)  Wiltse,  Edward  Wiltse,  Allen  Fargo,  Silas  Gilmore,  Jacob  Moreland, 
Amos  Williams,  Robert  Torrence,  John  Henderson,  John  Flinn,  Moses  Dean, 
Abraham  Whiteside,  John  Bradley,  John  M.  Holmes,  Franklin  Culver,  Pris- 
cilla  Culver,  Oliver  A.  Olmstead,  William  H.  Post,  Josiah  Fugate,  Drury  R. 
Dance,  John  Cutler,  George  Cutler,  Hugh  Rose,  Arthur  Laughlin,  Henry  A.. 
Carter,  John  Lovejoy,  Hugh  Livingston,  Argus  Madison,  James  Livingston,  R. 
Kameron,  James  Cavinau,  Roland  Aubrey,  Jefferson  Lowe,  Leverett  Padelford, 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  ggj 

Hiram  Minkley,  Henry  W.  Hoskins,  Elizabeth  A.  Carter,  Christian  Miller  J 
±|.  Holmes,  John  Stansberry,  Adin  Padelford,  Augustus  Button,  William 'h' 
Whiteside. 

''Buchhannan"  {Buchanan)  County.— John  Cordell,  Allen  McVain 
Joseph  A.  Runnels,.  David  Stiles,  William  Wilford,  Rufus  B.  Clark  William 
Bennett,  Hugh  Warren,  Ezra  0.  Allen,  James  Cober,  Stephen  Sakford  M 
McVain.  "  ' 

October  2,  the  Commissioners  ordered  that  James  Miller,  a  pauper,  be  noti- 
fied to  leave  the  county  at  once. 

Jacob  Landis,  Sr.,  built  and  operated  a  saw-mill  on  a  branch  of  the  Little 
Turkey,  about  two  and  a  half  miles  southeast  of  Moreland's,  in  1843. 

Charles  W.  Hobbs  commenced  building  a  cabin  near  the  southwest  corner  of 
the  platof  Delhi,  but  not  on  it,  in  the  Pall  of  1843 ;  but  did  not  complete  and 
occupy  it  until  the  next  Spring. 

January  1,  1844,  the  County  Commissioners  met,  at  the  house  of  Simeon 
Phillips,  and 

Ordered,  That  the  returns  made  of  the  survey  of  the  Colony  road  from  Delhi  be  and  the 
same  is  hereby  accepted,  and  ordered  to  be  recorded  as  a  public  county  road. 

The  Court  House  was  not  yet  finished,  and  was  the  only  building  on  the  plat 
of  Delhi.  Previous  orders  had  not  been  accomplished,  and  January  2d  the 
Board  passed  an  order  authorizing  William  H.  Whiteside  to  "  contract  for  the 
finishing  of  the  Court  House." 

Chapter  87  of  the  Territorial  Laws  of  1844,  approved  February  8,  1844, 
provided  that  "the  county  of  Delaware  be  and  the  same  is  hereby  organized; 
and  the  inhabitants  of  said  county  are  entitled  to  all  the  rights  and  privileges  to 
which,  by  law,  the  inhabitants  of  other  organized  counties  in  the  Territory  are 
entitled ;  and  said  county  shall  be  a  part  of  the  Third  Judicial  District,  and  the 
District  Court  shall  be  held  at  Delhi,  the  county  seat  of  said  county,  on  the  first 
Monday  after  the  fourth  Monday  in  September,  in  each  year."  By  this  act, 
Buchanan  and  Black  Hawk  Counties  were  attached  to  Delaware. 

Soon  after  the  passage  of  this  act,  Charles  W.  Hobbs  was  appointed  Clerk, 
pro  tern,  of  the  United  States  District  Court  for  the  County  of  Delaware,  by 
Judge  T.  S.  Wilson. 

The  Dubuque,  Clayton,  Delaware  and  Jackson  Mutual  Fire  Insurance  Com- 
pany was  incorporated  February  5,  1844 — John  Gammell,  E.  G.  Potter,  Ansel 
Briggs,  Patrick  Maloney,  Thomas  Wright,  R.  B.  WykoiF,  James  McCabe, 
Thomas  McCraney,  James  Langworthy,  William  Myers,  Lyman  Dillon,  J.  M. 
Emerson,  Caleb  H.  Booth,  Robert  Waller  and  David  Moreland,  corporators. 

February  13,  1844,  the  Legislature  appointed  William  H.  Whiteside,  Joel 
Bailey  and  Lucius  Kibbee  to  locate  a  road  from  Delhi  to  Cascade,  Dubuque 
County. 

April  1,  1844,  Commissioners  met  at  the  house  of  Simeon  Phillips,  and  pro- 
vided for  election  precincts,  as  follows : 

Ordered,  That  the  election  precinct  formerly  known  as  the  "  Corbin  Precinct"  (formerly 
Schwartz),  be  and  the  same  is  hereby  divided  into  two  election  precincts,  one  of  which  shall  be 
called  the  Delhi  Precinct,  and  the  other  the  North  Fork  Precinct. 

Ordered,  That  the  North  Fork  Precinct  shall  be  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  road  leading 
from  Dubuque  to  Camp  Atkinson,  commencing  at  the  county  line  between  Dubuque  and  Dela- 
ware, running  west  until  it  intersects  the  Colony  road,  from  Delhi ;  thence  south,  to  Plumb 
Creek ;  thence  down  Plumb  Creek  until  its  junction  with  the  South  Fork ;  thence  down  South 
Pork,  to  Jones  County  line  ;  thence  east,  along  the  corner  of  Delaware  County  ;  thence  north, 
along  the  county  line  between  Delaware  and  Dubuque,  to  the  place  of  beginning. 

Ordered,  That  the  Colony  Precinct  be  bounded  as  follows:  Commencing  where  the  Colony 
road  from  Delhi  crosses  the  Camp  Atkinson  road,  running  east,  along  the  Camp  Atkinson  road. 


362  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

to  the  Dubuque  County  line ;  north,  on  the  Dubuque  line,  to  the  northeast  corner  of  Delaware ; 
thence  west,  along  the  Gounty  line,  to  Elk  Creek ;  thence  south,  up  Elk  Creek,  to  the  place  of 
beginning. 

Ordered,  That  the  Eads  Precinct  be  bounded  as  follows:  Commencing  where  the  Colony 
road,  leading  from  Delhi,  crosses  the  Camp  Atkinson  road  ;  thence  north,  down  Elk  Creek,  to 
Delaware  County  line ;  thence  west,  to  the  northwest  corner  of  the  county  ;  thence  south,  along 
the  county  line,  to  the  township  line  between  88  and  89 ;  thence  east,  to  Plumb  Creek;  thence 
up  Plumb  Creek,  to  the  Colony  road  ;  thence  north,  along  the  Colony  road,  to  the  place  of  begin- 
ning. 

Ordered,  That  the  Delhi  Precinct  shall  be  bounded  as  follows  :  Commencing  on  the  town- 
ship  line  between  88  and  89  on  Plumb  Creek  ;  thence  south  down  Plumb  Creek  to  its  junction 
with  the  South  Fork  ;  thence  down  the  South  Fork  to  the  southern  boundary  of  Delaware  Coun- 
ty ;  thence  west  along  said  line  to  the  southwest  corner  of  Delaware  County  ;  thence  north  along 
said  line  between  Delaware  and  Buchanan  to  the  township  line  dividing  88  and  89  north  ;  thence 
east  to  the  place  of  beginning. 

Judges  of  Election  and  voting  places  were  appointed  as  follows  :  North  ' 
Fork  Precinct,  Abraham  Whiteside,  Henry  A.  Carter  and  Henry  Hoskins 
Judges ;  voting  place,  house  of  G.  D.  Dillon.  Colony  Precinct,  William 
Montgomery,  Missouri  Dickson  and  Ezra  Hubbard,  Judges ;  voting  place, 
house  of  David  Moreland.  Eads  Precinct,  William  Eads,  Daniel  Brown  and 
Robert  B.  Hutson,  Judges ;  voting  place,  house  of  William  Eads.  Delhi  Pre- 
cinct, Clement  Coffin,  John  Keeler  and  William  Burnham,  Judges  ;  voting 
place,  the  Court  House.  Horace  R.  Pearce  was  appointed  Constable  for  Colony 
Precinct,  and  William  Eads  for  Eads  Precinct. 

April  2,  Precinct  Assessors  were  appointed  as  follows :  Silas  Gilmore, 
Colony ;  Lorenzo  MuUiken,  Eads'  Grove  ;  John  Corbin,  Delhi ;  Henry  A. 
Carter,  North  Fork. 

At  this  session,  the  following  order  was  passed,  relating  to  the  Territorial  road 
located  by  Green,  Bailey  and  Olmstead,  viz.  : 

Ordered,  That  the  returns  made  by  the  Commissioners  and  Surveyor  to  locate  a  Territorial 
road  from  Wapsepinacon  or  Bennett's  Mill  to  the  east  line  of  Delaware  County,  near  0.  A.  01m- 
stead's  mill,  be  accepted  by  the  Board,  and  the  same  shall  be  considered  and  deemed  as  a 
recorded  public  highway. 

The  first  Post  Office  in  Delaware  County  was  established  at  Delhi,  March 
14th,  1844.  Mr.  Hobbs,  having  been  appointed  Clerk  of  the  United  States 
Territorial  Court,  was  not  eligible  for  Post  Master.  His  wife,  Mrs.  Mary 
E.  A.  Hobbs,  was  appointed  Post  Mistress,  and  Joel  Bailey  and  Henry 
Baker  became  her  bondsmen.  William  Smith,  or  "Uncle  Billy,"  as  he  was 
familiarly  called  by  the  settlers,  the  same  who  located  the  county  seat  near  Eads' 
Grove,  was  the  first  mail  carrier,  and  carried  the  mail  once  a  week  between 
Dubiique  and  Delhi,  sometimes  on  horseback,  sometimes  on  foot.  The  next 
year,  the  route  was  continued  to  Quasqueton,  Buchanan  County,  where  a  Post 
Office  was  established.  The  office  was  kept  at  Penn's  Grove,  until  Mr.  Hobbs 
removed  to  his  cabin  at  Delhi. 

July  2,  1844,  the  County  Commissioners  met  for  the  first  time  in  the  Court 
House.  The  floors  were  laid,  but  the  roof  was  not  yet  put  on.  The  Legisla- 
ture had  appointed  a  term  of  the  U.  S.  District  Court  to  be  held  at  Delhi  in 
September  following.  The  completion  of  the  building  could  not  be  delayed 
much  longer,  and  William  H.  Whiteside  was  authorized  and  directed  to  "  have 
the  Court  House  finished  on  the  best  terms  he  could  get."  It  was  ordered  also 
that  "  the  bounty  on  wolves  for  1844  be  equal  with  and  the  same  as  other 
counties,  and  as  established  by  law." 

At  the  election  in  August,  1844,  the  following  officers  are  supposed  to  have 
been  elected,  viz. :  Henry  A.  Carter,  Lawrence  McNamee  and  Simeon  Phillips, 
Commissioners;  Charles  W.  Hobbs,  Recorder;  John  W.  Penn,  Sheriff;  Drury 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  363 

R.  Dance,  Treasurer.       Roland  Aubrey  became  Deputy  Sheriff,  and  so  re- 
mained as  long  as  Penn  held  the  office  of'  Sheriff. 
August  31,  the  following  order  was  passed : 

Ordered.  That  the  road,  as  returned  by  0.  A.  Olmstead  and  Leroy  Jackson  as  a  Territorial 
road,  commencing  at  the  Linn  County  line  and  running  to  0.  A.  Olmstead's  mill,  according  to 
a  plat  and  return  of  said  road  as  filed,  be  and  the  same  Is  hereby  recorded  as  a  public  road. 

Delaware  had  now  reached  an  important  epoch  in  her  history.  As  previ- 
ously shown,  the  county  had  been  made  a  part  of  the  Third  Judicial  District, 
and,  for  the  first  time,  a  Judicial  Court  was  held,  as  appears  from  the  following 
extract  from  the  first  page  of  the  court  record : 

Teeritobt  of  lowAf  County  or  Delawake,  ss. 

This  being  the  day  fixed  by  law,  to  wit,  30th  of  September,  1844,  for  the  session  of  the 
District  Court  of  the  United  States  for  said  county,  the  court  met.  Present,  Hon.  Thomas  S. 
Wilson,  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  and  presiding  Judge  of  the  Third  Judicial 
District ;  William  E.  Leffingwell,  United  States  Marshal ;  John  W.  Penn,  Sheriff,  and  Charles 
W.  Hobbs,  Clerk  ^ro  tern. 

By  order  of  the  court,  the  Sheriff  returned  into  court  the  venire  for  a  Grand  Jury,  issued 
in  behalf  of  said  county,  the  following  persons  summoned  and  in  attendance,  viz. :  Gilbert  D. 
Dillon,  Henry  Baker,  John  Stansberry,  Samuel  Dickson,  Oliver  P.  Anderson,  Edward  Flinn,  John 
Bradley,  Daniel  Noble,  John  Keeler,  Fayette  Phillips,  Allen  Wilson,  Hiram  Minkley,  Adiu 
Padelford,  David  Moreland,  Daniel  G.  Beck,  Morris  M.  Reed,  Joel  Bailey,  Drake  Nelson,  Ezra 
Hubbard  and  Liberty  W.  Coale 

The  Jurors  were  sworn,  and  the  Judge  appointed  David  Moreland,  Foreman. 

It  was  ordered  that  Charles  W.  Hobbs  be  appointed  Clerk  of  the  court. 

The  first  case  that  appears  of  record  was  that  of  Missouri  Dickson  vs.  Ezra 
Hubbard.  This  was  an  appeal  from  the  decision  of  Daniel  Brown,  Justice  of 
the  Peace,  and  was  continued  until  the  next  term.  But  one  other  case  was 
entered  at  this  term,  that  of  Bierer  vs.  Wiltse,  which  was  also  continued. 

The  upper  story  of  the  Court  House  was  designed  for  a  jury  room,  but  the 
only  means  of  reaching  it  was  by  a  ladder,  and,  as  there  was  only  a  single  floor 
of  boards,  it  was  quite  too  public  for  the  private  deliberations  of  a  jury. 
Accordingly,  after  the  Grand  Jury  had  been  duly  charged  by  "his  Honor," 
Judge  Wilson,  the  members  were  conducted  by  IT.  S.  Marshal  Leffingwell  to  a 
little  grove  thirty  or  forty  rods  southwest  of  the  court  house.  Here,  seated  on 
a  fallen  tree,  with  the  Foreman  occupying  the  chair — a  stump — the  first  Grand 
Jury  of  Delaware  County  held  its  first  session  ;  and  it  is  proper  to  remark  that, 
until  the  new  Court  House  was  built,  in  1858,  the  juries  generally  deliberated  in 
that  or  some  other  clump  of  timber  near  the  log  court  cabin,  the  officer  in 
charge  remaining  at  a  respectful  distance  to  prevent  any  intrusion  on  their 
privacy.  There  were  no  cases  presented  to  the  Grand  Jury,  and  they  soon 
returned  to  the  house,  so  reported,  and  were  discharged.  There  was  no  petit 
jury  called,  and  the  court  adjourned  on  the  evening  of  the  30th,  havmg  been  in 
session  but  a  single  day.  . 

The  name  of  James  Crawford  appears  of  record  as  an  attorney  at  this  time, 
and  he  was,  probably,  the  only  lawyer  present.  ,    ,    .,j 

At  this  time,  says  Judge  Wilson,  "  The  log  Court  House  was  the  only  build- 
ing in  Delhi.  Mr.  Hobbs,  the  Clerk,  had  a  little  cabin  in  which  he  wa«  living, 
west  of  the  Court  House.  The  road  had  not  been  opened  to  Delhi  from  Rock- 
ville,  and  I  was  obliged  to  go  by  way  of  the  military  road  and  up  to  Hopkinton, 
where  I  stayed  over  night  with  Mr.  Jackson.  The  next  day  I  went  to  Delhi 
and  held  court,  and  took  my  dinner  out  of  Mr.  Moreland's  wagon. 

In  1844,  William  Bennett  returned  again  to  Eads  Grove  and  built  a  small 
flouring  or  grist-mill,  the  first  in  the  county,  on  Honey  Creek,  near  his  original 
location,  Clement  Coffin  doing  the  work.      It  was  a  substantial  frame,  but  was 


364  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

a  primitive  affair.  At  first,  it  had  no  "bolt,"  but  was  furnished  with  a  sort  of 
sifter  or  seive,  which  they  called  a  "searcher,"  but  it  manufactured  good  corn 
and  unbolted  wheat  meal.  Bennett  soon  afterward  sold  the  mill  to  Hinkle,  and 
removed,  never  to  return. 

October  7,  the  County  Commissioners  passed  an  order  to  pay  Thomas  Denson 
thirty -six  dollars,"  out  of  any  money  in  the  Treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated," 
for  services  in  locating  the  old  county  seat  in  1840. 

The  efforts  of  the  Commissioner  to  obtain  money  with  which  to  enter  the 
quarter  section  on  which  the  county  seat  was  located  in  1841  had  thus  far 
proved  unavailing.  The  arrangement  contemplated  with  Mr.  Sanford  by  the 
t)rder  of  April  5,  1842,  does  not  appear  to  have  been  consummated,  and 
although  the  town  of  Delhi  had  been  platted,  no  lots  could  be  sold,  and  the  town 
existed  only  on  paper.  It  became  necessary  that  efforts  to  raise  the  money 
should  be  renewed,  and  on  the  8th  of  October,  1844,  the  Commissioners  passed 
the  following  order : 

Ordered,  That  Henry  A.  Carter  be  and  he  is  hereby  authorized  and  empowered  to  borrow 
money  to  enter  the  county  seat  or  one  eighty,  if  he  cannot  get  more,  and  he  is  authorized  to  pay 
25  per  cent,  for  the  loan  of  the  same. 

On  the  same  day,  an  order  was  passed  directitig  the  payment  of  sixteen  dol- 
lars to  John  W.  Penn  for  summoning  the  grand  and  petit  juries  for  the  District 
Court,  September  term,  1844.  Buchanan  County  being  a  province  of  Delaware, 
the  following  order  appears  of  record  at  this  date  : 

Ordered,  That  the  returns  of  the  survey  of  the  Territorial  roads  running  from  the  Cedar  Rapids 
in  Linn  County  to  the  Wapsipinicon  Rapids  in  Buchanan  County,  as  it  runs  through  Buchanan 
County,  be  and  the  same  is  hereby  accepted  and  recorded  as  a  public  road  as  per  report. 

The  first  Methodist  camp  meeting  in  Delaware  County,  of  which  record 
remains,  was  held  at  the  Colony  during  1844,  but  only  the  general  fact  remains, 
the  details  are  lost. 

The  county  marriage  register  was  commenced  in  1844,  and  the  first  marriage 
in  this  year  is  recorded  as  follows : 

Tebritoby  op  Iowa,  Delaware  County,  ss. 

I,  G.  D.  Dillon,  one  of  the  Justices  of  the  Peace  for  said  county,  do  hereby  certify  that  on 
the  24th  day  of  April,  1844,  I  did  join  in  marriage,  Joel  Bailey  and  Miss  Arabella  Coffin,  agree- 
ably to  a  license  issued  from  the  District  Court  of  Delaware  County.  The  said  Joel  Bailey  aged 
about  30  years,  and  said  Arabella  Coffin,  of  the  same  place,  aged  about  18  years. 

Given  under  my  hand,  this  2-5th  day  of  June,  1844.  G.  D.  Dillon,  J.  P. 

The  bride  was  the  daughter  of  Clement  CofBn,  the  first  settler  in  what  is  now 
Coffin's  Grove  Township.  The  second  marriage  in  this  year,  but  the  first  to  be 
recorded,  was  that  of  Gilman  Newton,  of  Jones  County,  and  Eliza  "Wright,  Octo- 
ber 28,  by  John  Stanberry,  J.  P.,  and  November  24,  Thomas  D.  Hall  and  Ex- 
perience F.  Warren  were  joined  in  wedlock  by  J.  W.  Griffith,  Justice. 

"  The  first  school,"  writes  John  Piatt,  Esq.,  of  Colesburg,  "  established 
in  what  in  early  times  was  known  as  the  Dickson  settlement,  was  taught  by 
Abby  Hall  in  1844,  in  a  small  log  smoke  house,  on  her  brother  Thomas'  farm. 
The  same  year,  the  farmers  built  a  hewed  log  school  house  on  the  farm  of 
John  Piatt,  Sr.  A  select  school  was  taught  in  the  new  house  the  following  sea- 
son— 1845 — by  John  Humphrey.  Both  were  select  or  private  schools.  Public 
schools  were  unknown  then  in  this  section.  The  first  Justices  of  the  Peace 
elected  in  this  (Colony)  township  were  Lawrence  McNamee  and  John  Piatt,  Sr., 
in  1844."  William  Montgomery  was  elected  Justice  of  the  Peace  at  the  second 
election  in  Colony  precinct,  in  August,  1842. 

In  the  Winter  of  1844-5,  Hugh  and  James  Livingston  made  a  trip  to  Cas- 
cade to  mill.      The  brothers  separated  on  their  way  home  in  the  night,  and  the 


DELHI, 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  357^ 

next  day  James  was  found  dead  and  frozen.      His  breast  was  bare  and  it  was 
supposed  that  he  died  of  heart  disease. 

January  5,  1845,  the  Commissioners  met  at  the  house  of  C  W  Hobbs 
There  was  no  fire-place  in  the  Court  Cabin,  and  it  was  cold  weather  '  At  this 
meeting,  it  was 

Ord^ed,  That  Joel  Bailey  shall  proceed,  with  David  Moreland,  Missouri  Dickson  and  Wel- 
Img  on  Wiltse  to  survey  a  public  road,  as  viewed  by  them  according  to  an  order  pLsed  July  5 
1842   running  from  theDubijque  road,  near  Mr.  Floid's,  to  the  WhitI  Oak  Grove,  from  thence  to 
pass  the  school  house  and  intersect  the  road  running  from  Prairie  du  Chien  to  the  cZ  y  Une  of 
Delaware,  and  that  said  Commissioners  make  due  return  of  the  same.  '-"""'y  une  01 

In  February  1845,  probably  about  the  22d,  Mr.  Drury  R.  Dance,  the  County 
Treasurer,  who  lived  m  the  timber,  about  midway  between  Delhi  and  the  Liv- 
ingston settlements,  went  out  into  the  woods  to  see  to  his  hogs.  The  Winter 
was  mild  and  open ;  there  was  but  little  snow  on  the  ground,  and  the  hogs  sub- 
sisted largely  upon  "  mast  "  (acorns).  He  did  not  return  home  that  night  and 
the  next  morning  his  wife,  becoming  anxious,  fearing  that  some  accident  had 
befallen  him,  alarmed  the  neighboring  settlers,  who  turned  out  in  search  of  him, 
and  he  was  found  dead,  having  been  shot,  some  distance  from  his  house.  His 
body  was  first  discovered  guarded  by  his  faithful  dog,  it  is  said,  by  Jefferson 
Lowe,  who  was  immediately  charged  with  the  murder,  arrested  and  taken 
before  Leverett  Rexford,  Justice  of  the  Peace,  near  Bailey's  Ford,  on  the  24th, 
for  preliminary  examination.  Justice  Rexford  committed  him  to  await  trial  fos 
murder,  but,  as  there  was  no  jail  in  Delaware,  the  prisoner  was  lodged  in  the 
jail  at  Dubuque. 

March  8,  1845,  the  Board  of  Commissioners  met  at  the  house  of  Charles 
W.  Hobbs,  and  appointed  Joel  Bailey,  County  Treasurer,  to  fill  the  vacancy 
caused  by  the  death  of  D.  R.  Dance.  On  the  same  day,  "John  W.  Penn, 
County  Sheriff,  was  authorized  and  empowered  to  borrow  money  for  the  use  of 
the  county,  to  defray  the  expense  of  boarding  Jefferson  Lowe,  now  confined  in 
Dubuque  County  Jail." 

The  second  term  of  court  was  a  special  term,  commencing  April  1,  1845, 
Judge  Wilson  presiding.  The  Grand  Jury  was  as  follows  :  Leroy  Jackson, 
Foreman  ;  James  Eads,  Robert  B.  Hutson,"  William  H.  Martin,  Lucius  Kibbee, 
Jr.,  Phipps  "Wiltse,  Malcom  McBane,  Lawrence  McNamee,  Missouri  Dickson, 
Robert  Gamble,  Daniel  Brown,  Moses  Dean,  William  Phillips,  Silas  Gilmore, 
James  Cavanaugh,  Henry  W.  Hoskins,  John  Hinkle. 

FIRST  CIVIL  CASE. 

The  case  of  Missouri  Dickson  vs.  Ezra  Hubbard,  continued  from  first  term, 
was  tried  by  the  first  petit  jury  impaneled  in  Delaware  County,  consisting  of 
John  Flinn,  0.  A.  Olmstead,  John  Padelford,  Eli  Wood,  Orlean  Blanchard,  S. 
V.  Thompson,  Levi  Billings,  Jacob  Dubois,  James  Collier,  Samuel  P.  Whitaker, 
John  Corbin  and  John  Clark. 

The  case  as  tried  before  Brown,  Justice  of  the  Peace,  appears  to  have  been 
a  suit  commenced  by  Hubbard,  to  recover  pay  for  building  a  chimney.  Hub- 
bard was  employed  by  Dickson  to  build  a  cabin,  and  in  erecting  the  chimney 
did  not  follow  the  design  as  agreed  upon.  Upon  occupying  the  premises,  Dick- 
son discovered  that  the  chimney  "  drew  "  the  wrong  way — that  it  "  smoked." 
He  informed  Hubbard,  who  tinkered  it,  but  still  it  "smoked."  Hubbard 
wanted  his  pay,  but  Dickson  declined  to  liquidate,  whereupon  Hubbard  brought 
suit  before  Brown  and  recovered  judgment,  from  which  Missouri  appealed.  The 
appeal  was  tried  before  the  jury  above  named.     Hubbard  appeared  by  Timothy 


368  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

Davis,  Attorney.     Dickson  was  without  an  attorney,  but,  on  the  suggestion  of 
Mr.  Hobbs,  retained  Gen.  Wilson. 

Davis  made  a  long  speech,  in  which  he  instructed  the  jury  fully  in  the  method 
of  building  chimneys  and  the  various  remedies  to  be  employed  in  cases  of  defect- 
ive construction.  Gren.  Wilson's  speech  was  not  more  than  fifteen  minutes,  and 
was  devoted  mainly  to  the  essence  of  the  contract ;  he  urged  that  if  Hubbard 
had  built  a  faulty  chimney,  and  that  if  he  could  not  set  it  drawing  right,  he  had 
not  fiiUy  performed  his  part  of  the  bargain,  which'  was  to  build  a  reliable  chim- 
ney for  Dickson.  The  case  was  given  to  the  jury,  who,  in  a  short  time  returned 
with  a  verdict  of  $5.33  for  plaintiff.  This  was  the  first  jury  trial -and  first  ver- 
dict in  the  Delaware  County  courts. 

FIRST  CRIMINAL  TRIAL. 

April  2,  the  Grand  Jury  returned  a  true  bill  of  indictment,  United  States 
vs.  Jefferson  Lowe,  for  the  murder  of  Drury  R.  Dance.  On  the  3d,  a  jury, 
consisting  of  John  Flinn,  James  Collier,  John  Cordell,  Leonard  Wiltse,  Sr., 
James  Montgomery,  S.  V.  Thompson,  Levi  Billings,  Jacob  Dubois,  S.  P.  Whit- 
aker,  Wellington  Wiltse,  Orlean  Blanchard  and  S.  A.  Hardin,  was  impaneled. 

Lowe  was  put  upon  his  trial ;  Gen.  James  Wilson  was  his  attorney.  James 
Crawford,  Public  Prosecutor,  and  Timothy  Davis  conducted  the  prosecution. 
The  defense  is  said  to  have  been  that  Lowe's  sister,  a  girl  of  about  fourteen,  who 
was  keeping  house  for  him  and  his  brother,  had  informed  her  brother  that  Dance 
had  seduced  her,  and  that"  if  Lowe  had  killed  him  it  was  justifiable  homicide. 
Public  opinion  was  strongly  in  Lowe's  favor.  After  the  hearing,  the  jury 
brought  in  a  verdict  of  not  guilty,  and  he  was  generally  congratulated  on  his 
acquittal. 

Public  opinion,  however,  changed  somewhat  when,  after  the  trial,  Lowe  con- 
fessed to  Mr.  Carter,  Mr.  Jackson  and  others,  that  armed  with  his  rifle  and 
concealed  behind  a  tree,  he  laid  in  wait  for  Mr.  Dance,  and,  as  he  approached 
with  his  arms  full  of  little  pigs,  unconscious  of  danger,  shot  and  mortally  wounded 
him.  Lowe  stepped  up  and  spoke  to  him,  when  the  dying  man  said,  "  For 
God's  sake,  take  me  to  the  house ;  don't  leave  me  here  to  die  alone."  But 
Jeff,  unheeding  his  piteous  appeal,  left  him  to  die  where  he  fell. 

This  was  the  first  indictment  and  trial  for  murder  or  any  other  crime  in  the 
courts  of  Delaware  County. 

FIRST   DIVORCE   CASE. 

At  this  term  the  first  petition  for  divorce  was  filed  and  tried.  This  was  the 
case  of  Eliza  Corbin  vs.  John  Corbin.  Timothy  Davis  appeared  for  plaintiff 
and  Gen.  Wilson  for  defendant.  Divorce  decreed,  with  fifty  dollars  alimony, 
one  dollar  per  week  for  support,  and  custody  of  minor  children,  John  W.  and 
Esther  Eliza  Corbin,  to  plaintiff.  It  is  proper  to  add  that  the  parties  to  this 
suit  amicably  arranged  their  difficulties,  and  wete  re-married  April  4,  1846, 
The  other  cases  entered  at  this  term  were  Dickson  vs.  Brown  and  Moreland  vs. 
Slack.     The  court  adjourned  April  4,  1845. 

The  attorneys  in  attendance  at  this  term,  so  far  as  can  be  ascertained,  were 
James  Crawford,  James  Wilson,  Timothy  Davis  and  William  Hamilton.  The 
members  of  the  Delaware  Bar  were  not  numerous  for  several  years.  Among 
those  whose  names  appear  at  subsequent  term  were  A.  K.  Eaton,  probably  the 
first  lawyer  to  settle  at  Delhi,  in  1846;  Zina  A.  Wellman,  George  Wattson  and 
John  V.  Wattson.     John  V.  Wattson  died  at  Dyersville  about  1873. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 


369 


April  .7,  the  Board  of  County  Commissioners  met  at  the  Court  House  The 
report  of  the  Commissioners,  appointed  January  5,  to  locate  a  road  from  thp 
Dubuque  road,  near  Mr.  Floid's,  to  White  Oak  Grove,  etc.,  \vas  accepted  and 
ordered  to  be  recorded  as  a  public  highway.  Joel  Bailey,  having  declined  to 
accept  the  office  of  Treasurer,  the  order  of  March  8  was  rescinded  and  Oliver 
A.  Olmstead  appointed  County  Treasurer.  Not  long  after  this,  it  is  said  that 
Mr.  Olmstead  removed  to  Oregon  Territory,  where  he  was  living  when  gold  was 
discovered  m  California,  whither  he  went  at  once  and  soon  acquired  a  fortune 
'     At  the  April  session,  the  following  orders  were  passed : 

Ordered  thai  the  west  line  of  the  North  Fork  Precinct  shall  cross  the  South  Pork  of  the 
Maquoketa  at  the  mouth  of  Plumb  Creek,  to  intersect  the  mouth  of  Buck  Creek  and  run  from 
thence  a  west  course  up  Buck  Creek  to  the  Delaware  County  line. 

Or^rerf  That  the  election  for  the  North  Fork  Precinct  shall  hereafter  be  held  at  the  house 
of  Lucius  Kibbee,  instead  of  at  G.  D.  Dillon's. 

Ordered,  That  the  north  line  of  the  Delhi  Precinct  shall  commence  at  stake  corner  to  Sec- 
tions 18  and  19,  in  Township  89  north  and  Range  6  west,  thence  east  through  the  center  of  said 
township  to  Plumb  Creek. 

May  23,  0.  A.  Olmstead,  the  Treasurer,  was  instructed  to  proceed,  by  law, 
to  collect  a  fine  of  five  dollars  each  from  G.  D.  Dillon,  North  Fork  ;  Amos' 
William.s,  Colony,  and  Daniel  Thornburg,  Eads'  Grove,  for  neglecting  to' qualify 
as  Precinct  Assessors. 

.    An  order  was  passed,  directing  the  payment  of  $80  to  Simeon  Phillips  for 
work  done  on  the  Court  House. 

July  7,  Clement  Coffin,  Henry  Baker  and  Aaron  Sullivan  were  appointed 
to  view  and  mark  a  road  "from  Joel  Bailey's  to  Baker  &  Coffin's  Grove,  thence 
westerly  to  intersect  the  Territorial  road  from  Buchanan  to  Delhi,"  and  Joel 
Bailey  was  appointed  Surveyor  to  "survey  the  above  road." 

A  petition  was  received  for  a  public  road  from  "  Eads'  Grove  to  Hail's  Mill, 
to  be  run  on  the  nearest  and  best  route  to  the  house  of  James  Montgomery, 
thence  on  the  open  line  between  James  Montgomery's  farm  and  McMullen's  ; 
east  on  Bailey's  line,  north  of  the  new  burying  ground,  thence  on  the  nearest 
and  best  route  to  the  county  line,  near  Hail's  Mills."  Daniel  Brown,  Archibald 
Montgomery  and  Samuel  Dickson  were  appointed  to  view  the  route,  at  the 
expense  of  the  petitioners. 

Jefferson  Lowe,  whose  trial  for  the  murder  of  Dance  has  been  mentioned, 
soon  afterward  had  a  quarrel  with  one  Gaines,  originating  in  whisky.  Gaines 
shot  at  Lowe  with  a  rifle,  injuring  his  little  finger  and  grazing  his  hip.  Lowe 
made  complaint  before  the  Grand  Jury,  which  failed  to  find  a  bill  against 
Gaines.  Shooting  at  each  other  with  rifles  was  an  innocent  pastime  among 
some  of  the  settlers  in  those  days. 

At  the  August  election  that  year,  as  appears  from  subsequent  records, 
Henry  A.  Carter,  Lawrence  McNamee  and  Henry  Baker  were  elected  Commis- 
sioners ;  Charles  W.  Hobbs,  Recorder ;  John  W.  Penn,  Sheriff,  and  Joel  Bailey, 
Treasurer. 

The  assessment  roll  made  in  September,  1845,  shows  a  greater  increase  of 
tax  than  of  tax  payers.  The  county  tax  assessed  was  $748.79 ;  Territorial 
tax,  $33.79.  There  were  46  tax  payers  in  Nortli  Fork  Precinct,  26  in  Delhi, 
51  in  Colony,  26  in  Eads— 'aggregating  179  in  Delaware,  and  there  were  21  in 
Buchanan. 

Self  Protection. — Early  in  the  history  of  these  pioneer  settlements, 
before  the  lands  were  in  the  market,  but  after  they  had  been  surveyed,  the  set- 
tlers- organized  a  Claim  Society,  for  the  purpose  of  protecting  their  rights  and 
preventing  claim  "jumping."    It  is  now  impossible  to  determine  the  date  of  the 


370  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

organization  of  this  society,  but  nearly  every  settler  in  the  county  was  a  mem- 
ber  of  it,  and  claim  "jumping"  was  an  extremely  unhealthy  occupation  at  that 
time,  and  of  very  rare  occurrence.     This  society  was  in  active  operation  until 
about  1850.     "While  it  existed,"  i-emarks  Judge  Bailey,  "the  settlers  were 
perfectly  secure  and  a  just  claim  was  as  good  as  a  deed  to  the  occupant."    In 
illustration  of  the  mission  of  this  society,  it  is  related  that,  in  1845,  a  black- 
smith, named  James  Cavanaugh,  living  near  Dillon's,  becoming  offended  with 
Mr.  'H.  A.  Carter,  entered  forty  acres  of  fine  timber  on  Carter's  claim.     As 
soon  as  the  fact  became  known,  the  settlers  were  notified  to  assemble  at  Dillon's 
to  persuade  Cavanaugh  to  relinquish  the  land  to  Carter  and  receive  his  money 
back.    They  met  in  respectable  numbers  and  started  for  Cavanaugh's  shop.    The 
plucky  blacksmith  saw  them  coming,  armed  himself  with  a  pistol,  stepped  to 
the  door  and  coolly  informed  the  society  that  if  they  advanced  any  farther  some- 
body would  be  likely  to  die.      They  stopped  and  parleyed  with  him,  but  he 
refused  to  comply  with  their  wishes  and  refused  the  ofiier  of  $100,  if  he  would 
vacate  his  entry  or  transfer  it  to  Carter.     The  members  were  then  secretly 
notified  to  meet  on  the  disputed  land  on  a  certain  day,  prepared  for  duty.     On 
the  day  appointed,  nearly  every  member  reported  with  team  and  wagon,  axe 
and  rifle.    The  lines  of  the  doomed  "  forty"  were  "  blazed"  with  tolerable  accu- 
racy, pickets,  armed  with  rifles,  were  stationed  all  around  the  lot,  to  prevent 
any  person  from  approaching,  and  the  work  of  destruction  commenced.    Every 
tree,  suitable  for  timber  or  rails,  was  felled  and  hauled   away,  and  every  tree 
that  was  left  standing  was  girdled.     The  job  was  thoroughly  performed.     At 
noon  a  sumptuous  dinner  was  prepared  by  the  families  of  Mr.  Carter  and  Mr. 
Jackson,  assisted  by  the  wives  of  the  settlers  who  had  accompanied  them.    Sub- 
sequently, one  of  the   members  of  the  society  (Jefi"erson   Lowe,   it  is  said) 
traitorously  divulged  the  names  of  those-who  were  engaged  in  the  transaction 
to  Cavanaugh,  who  prosecuted  the  parties  for  destroying  his  timber.    He  took  a 
change  of  venue  to   Clayton  County  and  finally  obtained  judgment  for  $100, 
double  the  cost  of  the  land  and  the  least  the  jury  could  award  him. 

During  1845,  there  were  some  accessions  to  the  population  of  Delaware. 
The  Turners,  father  and  son,  were  the  first  to  settle  in  Township  90  north, 
Range  6  west  (Richland).  The  son's  name  was  William.  They  settled  on  the 
East  bank  of  the  Maquoketa,  where  Forestville  now  stands,  and  where  they 
afterward  built  a  mill. 

John  H.  Duthman  located  in  Township  89,  Range  3  (Bremen),  where  he 
died  soon  after,  his  estate  being  the  first  to  be  admitted  to  probate  in  this 
county. 

George  Pease,  with  his  family,  consisting  of  his  wife  and  two  sons  and  two 
daughters,  came  to  the  county  in  June  and  entered  a  quarter  section  of  land 
near  Delhi,  but  lived  near  Bailey's  Ford.  In  August,  Mrs.  Pease  sickened  and 
died.  She  was  buried  close  beside  the  road  about  half  a  mile  east  of  Bailey's 
Ford,  where  now  (1878)  her  solitary  grave  is  surrounded  by  a  fence,  but  no 
stone  registers  the  name  of  the  peaceful  sleeper  beneath  the  evergreens.  Soon 
after  his  wife's  death,  Mr.  Pease  became  discouraged  and  returned  to  "  York 
State." 

About  this  time,  William  Van  Order  became  the  first  settler  on  Township 
89,  Range  4  (Oneida),  but  his  precise  location  cannot  now  be  determined.     His 

brother-in-law, Wilson,  lived,  with  him.    Wilson  was  a  desperate  character 

and,  it  is  supposed,  was  a  member  of  the  gang  of  prairie  banditti,  that  were 
then  the  terror  of  the  people  of  Illinois  and  Iowa.  He  was  a  small  man  and 
was  sick  with   consumption,  but  possessed  great  energy  and  endurance.     At 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  371 

one  time,  it  is  said  that  he  was  sick  several  weeks  at  Mr.  Sullivan's,  at  Coffin's 
Grove.  When  he  recovered,  to  express  his  gratitude  for  the  care  he,  had  re- 
ceived, he  stole  Mrs.  Sullivan's  stockings  and  various  other  articles  from  his 
benefactor.  Subsequently,  Van  Order  removed  Southwest  and  settled  near  the 
Buffalo,  and  Wilson  was  shot  by  a  party  of  settlers  from  whom  he  had  stolen 
some  horses,  and  was  buried  where  he  fell,  it  is  said  in  Adams  Township,  east  of 
the  Buffalo. 

At  the  September  term  of  the  District  Court,  at  Delhi,  in  1845,  Esau 
Franks  was  indicted  for  selling  liquor  to  the  Indians,  and  was  arrested  and 
arraigned  for  the  offense,  but  asked  for  a  change  of  venue  to  Dubuque  County, 
which  was  granted.  Franks  had  his  trial  and  was  acquitted.  One  witness 
testified  that  he  had  drank  some  whisky  at  Frank's,  and  saw  the  defendant 
furnish  the  Indians  with  something,  but  could  not  identify  it  as  "something" 
coming  from  the  same  bottle  out  of  which  he  had  drank.  It  is  said  that  the 
Indians  were  somewhat  troublesome  for  several  years  about  this  time,  and  if  Franks 
was  guilty,  as  alleged,  he  should  have  been  severely  punished.  The  Garden  family 
had  been  murdered,  near  where  Fayette,  Fayette  County,  now  stands.  Several 
families  had  been  killed  or  driven  from  their  claims  in  Clayton  County,  and  it 
is  said  that  some  cattle  were  killed  in  the  northern  part  of  Delaware.  It  is  also 
said  that  the  people  of  that  part  of  the  county  organized  at  Ead's  Grove,  under 
Capt.  Shipton  and  Lieut.  Preston,  pursued  the  Indians,  and  badly  punished 
them  near  the  northwest  corner  of  the  county.  But  this  statement  is  not  well 
authenticated.  The  Indians,  however,  were  still  numerous.  Mr.  Jackson  states 
that  when  he  first  came  to  the  county,  in  1836-7,  400  Indians  were  encamped 
near  where  he  afterward  settled. 

The  marriages  in  1845  were  as  follows:  Thomas  C.  Linton  and  Hester 
Almira  Phillips;  Nathan  Springer  and  Mary  Cupp;  Alexander  Burnham  and 
Phebe  Sutton;  David  S.  Way  and  Emily  Ann  Kibbee;  Sylvester  D.  Hadden 
and  Elizabeth  Jewell  (married  in  the  bushes,  says  the  Justice,  who  states  that 
the  parties  were  from  Buchanan)  ;*  Thomas  Bay  and  Priscilla  Culver.  It  may 
be  well  to  add  that  the  first  marriage  in  Buchanan  County,  recorded  in  Dela- 
ware, was  that  of  Vincent  Thompson  and  Alvira  J.  Hadden,  united  by  Rev. 
John  L.  Seymour,  a  Congregational  minister  from  Clayton  County. 

The  town  of  Rockville,  embracing  46.32  acres,  situated  on  the  west  bank  of 
the  North  Fork  of  the  Maquoketa,  in  the  center  of  Section  24,  Township  88 
north,  Range  3  west,  was  laid  out  in  1845,  by  Oliver  A.  Olmstead  proprietor; 
survey  and  plat  made  by  William  Chadwell ;  recorded  February  14,  184b. 

More  than  four  years  had  now  (1846)  elapsed  since  the  county  seat  was 
located  by  a  vote  of  the  people.  The  repeated  efforts  of  the  Commissioners  to 
raise  the  money  required  for  the  purchase  of  the  land  ($200)  had  failed.  Mr. 
Carter  had  made  an  effort  to  borrow  money  or  sell  county  warrants  for  the  pur- 
pose,  but  was  unsuccessful.  Not  a  town  lot  could  be  sold  until  the  county 
could  acquire  title,  and  not  a  building  stood  upon  the  town  plat,  except  the  log 
Court  Cai)in.  When  Mr.  Carter  made  his  report  to  t^e  Commissioners  it  became 
evident  that  Delaware  County  was  unable  to  raise  $200  with  which  to  enter  its 
county  seat.  The  situation  was  becoming  somewhat  humiliating  and  Lawrence 
McNamee,  one  of  the  Commissioners,  offered  to  advance  $100  ^n  J«  ''''  Ul 
any  other  person  could  be  found  who  would  advance  the  other  f,100  required  to 
make  the  entry ;  and  on  the  6th  day  of  January,  1846,  the  County  Commis- 
sioners passed  the  following : 

Ordered,  That  Lawrence  McNamee  be  authorized  to  enter  the  county  seat  of  Delhi,  at  twenty 
per  cent,  interest. 


372  HISTOKY  OF  DEL  AWAKE  COUNTY. 

Afterward,  Leroy  Jackson  consented  to  advance  the  other  $100,  which  Mr. 
Carter  carried  to  the  Colony  and  handed  to  Mr.  McNamee,  who  added  another 
$100,  went  to  Dubuque,  and  on  the  5th  day  of  March,  1846,  entered'  the  east 
half  of  the  quarter  section  in  his  own,  and  the  west  half  in  the  name  of  Leroy 
Jackson.  McNamee  conveyed  the  east  half  to  the  county  of  Delaware  by  war- 
ranty deed,  dated  April  8,  1846.  Jackson  conveyed  the  west  half  October  2, 
1849.  The  town  plat  was  recorded  March  11,  1846,  and  the  Commissioners 
were  ready  to  dispose  of  lots.  It  is  to  be  added  that,  several  years  afterward, 
county  orders  were  sold  at  fifty  cents  on  the  dollar,  to  raise  money  to  pay  the 
loans  made  by  McNamee  and  Jackson. 

March  17,  1846,  in  session  at  the  house  of  C.  W.  Hobbs,  the  County  Com- 
missioners ordered  as  follows: 

Ordered,  That  the  Clerk  of  this  Board  be  and  he  is  hereby  directed  to  advertise  in  the 
Miners'  Express  for  a  sale  of  lots  in  the  town  of  Delhi,  to  take  place  at  the  Court  House  door  on 
the  first  Monday  of  May  next. 

Ordered,  That  Charles  W.  Hobbs  be  and  he  is  hereby  authorized  as  an  agent  to  sell  lots  at 
private  sale  in  the  town  of  Delhi,  and  he  is  limited  not  to  sell  any  lot  for  a  less  price  than  five 
dollars. 

April  13,  Joel  Bailey  was  appointed  surveyor  to  "  lay  off  the  out-lots  in  the 
town  of  Delhi  into  two-acre  lots;"  and  Gilbert  D.  Dillon  was  appointed 
auctioneer,  for  the  sale  of  town  lots,  appointed  for  the  first  Monday  in  May. 
A  bounty  was  oflPered  for  wolf  scalps,  of  50c  and  $1.  On  the  same  day,  the 
Commissioners  adopted  measures  for  keeping  highways  in  order,  and  appointed 
Samuel  P.  Whittaker,  Wm.  Nicholson,  Roland  Aubrey,  Joel  Bailey,  Missouri 
Dickson,  Silas  Gilmore  and  Wm.  Eads  to  be  Road  Supervisors  for  their  several 
neighborhoods. 

There  are  no  records  to  show  the  result  of  the  sale  of  lots  in  Delhi  in  May, 
but  early  in  the  Spring  of  1846,  Levi  Ellis  built  the  first  log  cabin  on  the  plat 
of  Delhi,  northeast  from  Hobbs,  on  the  bank  of  the  ravine.  John  W.  Clark  soon 
followed,  building  a  cabin  near  the  Big  Spring.  This  was  the  only  hotel  in 
Delhi  until  about  1851,  and  in  a  sort  of  lean-to  erected  on  one  side  of  his  cabin, 
Clark  opened  the  first  store  a  year  or  two  later.  Arial  K.  Eaton  built  a  cabin 
on  the  southwest  corner  of  the  town,  near  Hobbs',  and  Mr.  Phillips  built 
another  above  Clark's.  These  cabins  constituted  the  Town  of  Delhi  for  several 
years. 

In  June,  1846,  a  post  office  was  established  at  Rockville,  and  Oliver  A. 
Olmstead  appointed  Postmaster.  In  August  following,  a  post  office  was  estab- 
lished at  Colony,  David  Moreland,  Postmaster.  These  were  the  first  to  be 
established  after  Delhi. 

At  the  August  election,  Henry  A.  Carter,  Henry  Baker  and  Samuel  Mul- 
liken  were  elected  Commissioners;  John  W.  Penn,  Sheriff;  Joel  Bailey,  Treas- 
urer ;  C.  W.  Hobbs,  Recorder ;  and  at  the  October  session  of  the  County  Com- 
missioners, John  W.  Clark  appears  as  Clerk ;  October  6,  A.  K.  Eaton  was 
appointed  as  agent  "  to  select  two  town  lots  in  Delhi  for  a  school  house  site, 
upon  the  condition  that  he  is  not  to  select  any  lot  on  the  public  square  or  the 
lot  on  which  the  Court  House  stands;  "  and  the  Commissioners  pledged  them- 
selves to  make  a  deed  of  such  lots  to  any  legally  constituted  authority  for  school 
purposes. 

At  the  same  meeting,  the  following  order  was  passed : 

"  Ordered,  That  the  Treasurer  pay  over  all  money  to  H.  A.  Carter  in  the  treasury,  to  be  applied 
in  the  payment  of  Leroy  Jackson  for  the  county  seat,  and  that  the  said  Carter  take  a  deed  for 
the  county." 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  373 

Seven  marriages  were  recorded  in  1846.  February  10,  John  W.  Penn 
Sheriff,  who  arrested  Jeff.  Lowe  for  the  murder  of  Dance,  and  Mrs.  Pamelia 
Dance,  the  murdered  man's  widow,  were  joined  in  marriage,  at  the  residence 
of  the  bride,  by  Justice  Kexford,  the  magistrate  by  whom  Lowe  was  committed. 
Then  followed  James  Barnes  and  Margaret  Hutson,  Andrew  C.  Gallahan  and 
Sarah  Ann  Lee,  Lucius  Kibbee  and  Letty  Baucher,  Asa  Lowe  and  Amelia 
Henderson,  George  W.  Walker  and  Mary  Jane  Dillon,  and  Samuel  P.  Whit- 
taker  and  Cynthia  Main.  In  recording  these  marriages,  Mr.  Hobbs  used 
"  State  "  instead  of  "  Territory  "  of  Iowa. 

In  the  Winter  of  1846-7,  Hugh  Livingston,  accompanied  by  one  of  his 
nephews,  went  to  Cascade  with  teams.  They  returned  in  the  night,  young 
Livingston  and  his  team  being  ahead.  When  they  reached  the  forks  of  the  road, 
where  they  separated,  the  young  man  looked  back  and  saw  his  uncle's  team 
take  the  proper  road,  and  he  drove  on  home.  When  Hugh's  team  arrived  at 
his  home,  he  was  not  with  it.  His  family  becoming  alarmed,  fearing  that  he  had 
been  overcome  with  cold,  started  out  in  search  of  him,  and  found  him  by  the 
road  side  q^ite  dead,  although  his  body  was  still  warm  in  the  region  of  the 
heart.  Livingston  had  been  wont  to  say  that  this  climate  was  too  warm  for 
him.  He  had  endured,  without  flinching,  the  rigorous  winters  in  the  Highlands 
of  Scotland  and  in  British  America,  to  be  frozen  to  death  in  the  mild  climate 
of  Iowa  which  he  disdained. 

At  a  special  session  of  the  Board  of  County  Commissioners, ,  March  24, 
1847,  the  first  division  of  the  county  into  townships,  under  State  law,  was  made, 
and  elections  ordered  as  follows  : 

Ordered,  That  the  counties  of  Delaware  and  Buchanan  be  divided  into  townships  as  follows, 
to  wit :  That  the  boundaries  of  the  several  precincts,  as  at  present  laid  oif  in  said  counties,  be 
and  they  are  hereby  organized  into  townships.  That  the  territory  of  Delhi  Precinct  be  named 
Delhi  Township  ;  that  the  territory  of  Eads'  Grove  be  named  Eads'  Grove  Township ;  that  the 
territory  of  North  Fork  be  named  North  Fork  Township ;  that  the  territory  of  Colony  Precinct 
be  named  Colony  Township  ;  that  the  territory  of  Buchanan  County  be  named  Buchanan  Town- 
ship. Also,  that  the  usual  places  of  holding  elections  in  the  said  several  precincts  he  hereby 
appointed  the  respective  places  of  holding  the  first  meetings  of  the  electors  for  their  several 
townships. 

Ordered,  That  the  Clerks  of  Commissioners  be  required  to  issue  election  notices  for  elections 
to  be  held  on  the  first  Monday  in  April,  and  that  the  necessary  township  officers  required  by  law 
now  in  force  be  elected. 

April  14,  1847,  the  Board  passed  the  following  order : 

Ordered,  That  G.  D.  Dillon  be  allowed  the  sum  of  $i  for  his  services  as  auctioneer  in  selling 
township  lots  in  the  town  of  Delhi,  being  in  full  for  all  services  as  such  up  to  this  date. 

The  town  lots  at  Delhi  did  not  meet  with  very  rapid  sale,  and  the  effort  to 
dispose  of  some  of  them  at  auction  was  renewed,  by  the  following : 

Ordered,  That  there  shall  be  a  sale  of  lots  of  Delhi  on  the  first  day  of  the  first  session  of  the 
District  Court,  and  A.  K.  Eaton  be  appointed  Auctioneer. 

The  first  General  Assembly  of  Iowa  directed  the  division  of  counties  into 
Commissioner  Districts,  and  the  Delaware  Commissioners  were  prompt  to  obey, 
as  appears  by  the  following : 

Ordered,  That  Delaware  County  be  divided  into  County  Commissioner  Districts,,  which  dis- 
tricts shall  be  numbered  First,  Second  and  Third,  as  follows,  to  wit :  Towns  87  and  88,  in  Ranges 
3  and  4,  shall  constitute  the  First  District ;  Towns  89  and  90,  in  Ranges  3  and  4,  shall  constitute 
the  Second  District,  and  Towns  87,  88,  89  and  90,  in  Ranges  5  and  6,  shall  constitute  the  Third 
District,  agreeably  to  an  act  of  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Iowa,  approved  February 
22,  1847. 

Upon  admission  of  Iowa  as  a  State,  by  act  of  the  First  General  Assembly, 
approved  February  17,  1847,  Delaware  County  was  made  a  part  of  the  Second 


374  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

Judicial  District,  in  which  James  Grant,  of  Scott  County,  was  elected  Judge, 
April  5,  1847. 

The  first  term  of  the  State  court  in  Delaware  County  was  held  by  Judge, 
G-rant,  June  7,  1847.  The  first  Grand  Jury — Leverett  Rexford,  Foreman; 
Missouri  Dickson,  Robert  Torrence,  Thomas  D.  Hall,  Jacob  Landis,  John  J. 
Barrett,  James  H.  Eads,  Bryant  Johnson,  Silas  Gilmore,  Lawrence  McNamee, 
John  McMahon,  Leroy  Jackson  and  Thomas  Norris. 

The  first  recorded  act  of  this  court  was  the  naturalization  of  John  D.  Claus, 
a  native  of  Germany. 

There  are  no  records  of  elections  from  1842  until  1847  in  existence,  and 
now  only  the  poll  lists  of  Bads'  Grove  and  Colony  Precincts,  at  the  election, 
April  5,  can  be  found  among  the  old  papers  in  the  Sheriff's  ofiice  at  Delhi.  At 
Colony,  James  Cole  was  elected  Inspector  of  Township  Schools.  Murtle  Cole 
was  elected  Township  Clerk  over  James  Cole,  the  vote  being  32  to  19.  L. 
McNamee,  John  Piatt  and  Wellington  Wiltse  were  elected  Trustees.  The  vote 
on  the  license  question  was — yes,  17  ;  no,  28. 

At  Eads'  Grove,  26  votes  were  cast,  and  the  following  returns  were  made : 

For  District  Judge,  Flatt  Smith i 

"  "  "       James  Grant 16 

For  Prosecuting  Attorney,  Lewis  A.  Thomas 15 

"  "         C.  T.  Peet 2 

For  Judge  of  Probate,  Clement  Coffin 18 

In  July,  the  Board  levied  a  tax  of  one-half  mill  on  the  dollar  for  school 
purposes.  This  did  not  produce  a  very  large  sum,  but  it  indicated  that  the  fathers 
of  the  county  were  mindful  of  the  children,  if  they  could  not  do  much  for  them. 

At  the  election  in  August,  it  appears  that  Henry  A.  Carter,  Henry  Baker 
and  Samuel  MuUiken  were  re-elected  Commissioners ;  Charles  W.  Hobbs,  Re- 
corder; John  W.  Penn,  Sheriff;  A.  K.  Eaton,  Judge  of  Probate,  and  William 
Phillips,  Treasurer. 

Until  1847,  the  oflSce  of  Judge  of  Probate  of  Delaware  was  purely  orna- 
mental. If  any  probate  business  was  transacted,  no  record  remains.  The  first 
Judge  was  Roland  Aubrey,  who  was  elected  Aug.  2,  1841,  for  a  term  of  three 
years.  The  next  Judge  was  Clement  CoflSn,  who  was  elected  in  August,  1844, 
and  served  three  years.  The  first  probate  business  recorded  was  done  in  Sep- 
tember, 1847,  A.  K.  Eaton,  Judge.  The  first  case  recorded  was  the  petition  of 
Samuel  Mulliken,  for  the  appointment  of  an  administrator  of  the  estate  of 
.Lorenzo  L.  Mulliken,  deceased.  The  prayer  of  the  petitioner  was  granted ;  Sam- 
uel Mulliken  was  appointed  Administrator,  and  Albert  G.  Noble,  C.  T.  Peet 
and  Joshua  Beels,  Appraisers  of  the  estate.  The  next  was  the  appointment  of 
Caroline  Duthman  and  Henry  Hohenkamp  Administrators  of  the  estate  of  Her- 
man Duthman ;  A.  J.  Scroggy,  F.  Rohenkokle  and  Bernard  Satmire,  Apprais- 
ers. During  Eaton's  administration  of  probate  affairs,  until  1850,  only  about 
a  dozen  estates  were  admitted  to  probate. 

October  4,  1847,  the  Commissioners  ordered  "  that  Lawrence  McNamee  be 
paid  $22.36,  for  one  year's  interest  on  money  loaned  to  enter  eighty  acres  of 
county  seat." 

In  1847,  there  were  two  schools  in  Colony  Township.  In  District  No.  1, 
thirty-six  pupils  attended  school,  and  in  No.  2,  forty-one.  Delhi  Township 
had  two  districts,  one  had  twenty  and  the  other  ten  scholars.  Roxana  Brown 
taught  a  school  in  the  Court  House  at  Delhi. 

The  amount  of  taxes  collected  in  1847  was  $628.10.  In  1848,  this  amount 
increased  to  $1,027.45. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  375 

The  marriages  of  1847  were  recorded  as  follows :  Isaac  Hensley  and  Sarah 
Ann  Shipton,  John  S.  Brown  and  Nancy  Harron,  Thomas  Walters  and  Nancy 
Eldred,  Jonathan  V.  Todd  and  Mary  Todd,  William  Hankins  and  Martha 
Jane  Lee,  and  James  H.  Robinson  and  Julia  Wood. 

Up  to  this  date,  the  county  records  show  the  names  of  but  two  ministers  of 
the  Gospel— Rev.  J.  W.  Griffith,  in  North  Fork,  late  in  1846,  and  Rev.  B.  D. 
Springer,  in  the  Summer  of  1847— but  it  must  be  remembered  that  the  records 
of  Delaware  County,  for  ten  years  after  its  organization,  are  very  meager,  and 
until  1847,  there  are  none,  except  the  Commissioners'  records.  It  must  not  be 
concluded,  therefore,  that  the  above  were  the  first  ministers  ^  the  county.  Rev. 
Barney  White  was  at  the  Colony  in  1842,  and  Rev.  Newell  W.  Bixby  settled 
at  Yankee  settlement  in  1846. 

About  1847,  Mr.  Leverett  Rexford  commenced  building  a  dam  and  saw-mill 
on  Spring  Branch,  about  half  a  mile  below  the  "  Deep  Hole,"  just  above  which 
the  present  road  from  Manchester  to  Bailey's  Ford  crosses  that  stream.  He  had 
nearly  completed  the  dam,  had  the  frame  cut  and  nearly  ready  to  raise,  had 
purchased  the  mill  irons  and  had  the  water  wheel  and  running  gear  nearly  done, 
when  he  died,  in  the  Fall  of  1848.  After  his  death,  John  W.  Clark  purchased 
the  frame  and  machinery,  removed  it  to  the  Maquoketa,  about  two  miles  south- 
west of  Delhi  (at  Hartwick),  where  he  built  a  dam  and  erected  the  mill  in  the 
Spring  of  1849. 

William  Turner  built  a  saw-mill  on  the  Maquoketa  in  Section  90,  Township 
6,  during  1847.  James  Cole  and  Jared  Hubbard  built  a  mill  on  Elk  Creek  in 
the  same  year. 

In  1847,  occurred  the  death  of Collins,  who  was  mortally  injured. 

by  Button  in  an  afiray  in  Colony  Township,  either  at  a  dance  or  raising.  The 
trouble  began  between  Collins  and  Button's  brother-in-law.  Button  ran  out  and. 
seized  a  wagon-bolt,  with  which  he  struck  Collins,  who  died  soon  after.  Button 
was  tried  and  convicted  of  manslaughter.  Lett,  who  was  his  guard,  took  him 
to  the  Colony  to  bid  his  family  good-bye,  but  he  made  his  escape  by  raising  a. 
puncheon  in  the  floor  of  his  "xjabin,  which  allowed  him  to  crawl  into  the  big 
world  outside. 

January  12,  1848,  a  post  office,  called  "Yankee  Settlement,"  was  estab- 
lished near  the  northeast  corner  of  Township  90,  Range  5,  and  Bohan  Noble 
appointed  Postmaster.  It  was  called  "  Yankee  Settlement"  from  the  fact  that 
the  settlers  in  that  vicinity  were  from  the  East.  The  office  was  a  private  one, 
and  was  supplied  from  Colony.  In  May,  1848,  Joseph  S.  Belknap,  a  native 
of  Vermont,  made  the  first  claim  in  that  part  of  the  present  site  of  the  village 
of  Edgewood,  or  "Yankee  Settlement,"  as  it  was  called  until  the  completion 
of  the  D.  &  St.  P.  Railroad,  that  lies  in  Delaware  County.  John  Gibson 
had  made  a  claim  on  the  other  side  of  the  county  line  a  year  or  two 
previous. 

The  records  of  the  County  Commissioners  during  this,  year  are  meager  and 
unimportant.  April  18,  Charles  W.  Hobbs  was  authorized  and  empowered  to 
borrow  $100  for  the  use  of  the  county,  to  pay  Leroy  Jackson  for  entering 
eighty  acres  of  the  county  seat,  at  a  rate  of  interest  not  to  exceed  twenty  per 

CGTlt 

Town  lots  at  the  county  seat  were  not  selling  very  rapidly,  and  Mr.  Hobbs, 
in  the  exercise  of  sound  judgment,  had  evidently  been  selling  some  of  them  at 
less  than  the  regular  price,  to  induce  their  occupation,  and  thus  build  up  the 
town.  But  the  County  Commissioners  determined  to  stop  that  rumous  busi- 
ness.    They  were  bound  that  the  county  should  realize  handsomely  from  the 


376  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY 

sale  of  these  lots,  and,  unlpss  they  could  be  sold  at  a  fair  price,  they  should  not 
he  sold.     They  therefore 

Ordered,  That  Charles  W.  Hobbs  is  hereby  directed  not  to  sell  any  lot  on  the  town  plat  for 
less  than  $6  (flTe  dollars)  in  cash,  or  ^10  in  county  orders. 

In  July,  the  Commissioners  met  in  the  school  house  at  Delhi. 

In  August,  an  election  was  held,  and  Mulliken  and  Carter  were  re-elected 
Commissioners,  and  Daniel  H.  Thornburg  in  place  of  Baker. 

August  10,  the  town  of  "  Cole's  Burgh"  was  surveyed  and  platted  by  James 
Cole,  Surveyor,  on  the  northeast  quarter  and  part  of  the  northwest  quarter  of 
Section  4,  Township  90  north,  Range  3  west  (Colony),  Lawrence  McNamee  and 
Hiram  Cole  proprietors.  In  1850,  the  Northern  Addition  to  "Colesburgh" 
"was  made  by  Mr.  McNamee,  and  the  Western  Addition  in  1854. 

The  matrimonial  record  of  1848  is  as  follows :  Richard  Swearingen  and 
Catherine  M.  Smith ;  Thomas  W.  Frentress  and  Martha  Brazelton ;  Elisha 
Brady  and  Angeline  Smith ;  William  Turner  and  Rachael  Lee ;  Theodore 
Marks  and  Elizabeth  Pace ;  Thomas  P.  Lane  and  Matilda  Flinn  ;  Francis  Far- 
rell  and  Vina  Collins,  and  James  Anderson  and  Lucinda  L.  Barrett. 

L.  L.  Ayers,  Esq.,  in  his  "Early  Times  in  Delaware  County,"  says: 
"We  cannot  say  positively,  but  believe  that  Mr.  Swearingen  was  a  Methodist 
minister  at  this  time.  He  was  Presiding  Elder  of  the  Marshalltown  Confer- 
ence, in  1871,  and  had  a  State  reputation  as  an  eloquent  preacher  and  able 
man.  Coming  from  Duluth  into  St.  Paul,  in  June,  1871,  reaching  his  hotel  a  little 
Ijefore  midnight,  having  eaten  little  or  nothing  since  breakfast,  the  Elder  ordered 
supper  in  a  pretty  sharp  tone,  adding :  '  We're  wickedly  hungry,  for  we  have 
had  nothing  but  a  little  browse  since  breakfast.'  His  hunger,  and  with  it  his 
crossness,  disappeared  after  a  ravenous  supper." 

Rev.  G.  E.  Bowman  and  Rev.  John  L.  Kelley  were  attending  to  the  spirit- 
ual welfare  of  the  Delaware  people  in  1848. 

Philip  Hogan  built  a  flouring-mill  at  Rockville,  near  Dillon's,  in  1848. 

The  Judge  of  Probate  had  three  cases  in  1848.  Henry  A.  Carter  was 
appointed  administrator  of  the  estate  of  James  Doak,  March  20 ;  Thomas 
Bay  was  appointed  guardian  of  two  of  the  children,  and  Gr.  H.  Browder  of  the 
other  four;  personal  property  appraised  at  $640.80.  In  April,  the  will  of 
Thomas  Kirk  was  admitted  to  probate.  His  property  was  inventoried  at 
$174.30.  October  19,  the  will  of  Leverett  Rexford  was  admitted,  John  Lilli- 
bridge,  executor.  The  estate  of  the  deceased  was  appraised  at  $371.55 ;  two 
cows  were  valued  at  $10  and  $11  respectively,  and  a  mare  was  considered 
worth  $60. 

The  Justices  of  the  Peace  for  the  county  from  first  settlement  to  1848,  so 
far  as  can  be  ascertained  from  the  records,  were  Gilbert  D.  Dillon,  North  Fork ; 
Daniel  Brown,  Eads'  Grove ;  Lawrence  McNamee,  Colony  ;  Leverett  Rexford, 
Delhi;  J.  W.  Griffith  (also  a  minister).  North  Fork;  John  Piatt,  Colony; 
John  S.  Brown  (also  a  minister),  North  Pork ;  James  E.  Anderson,  Morris  M. 
Reed,  Eads'  Grove ;  A.  J.  Scroggy,  Colony  ;  L.  C.  Woodford,  J.  A.  Reynolds, 
Buchanan  ;  William  Montgomery,  Colony." 

Three  schools  were  maintained  in  Colony  Township  in  1848,  supported  by 
subscription.  There  were  also  three  schools  in  Delhi.  North  Fork  was  divided 
iilto  five  school  districts,  and  schools  opened  there.  There  were  two  districts 
in  Eads'  Grove  in  which  schools  were  taught,  supported  also  by  voluntary  sub- 
scriptions.    The  names  of  the  teachers  are  now  forgotten. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNT'S.  377 

At  the  election  held  April  3,  1848,  there  were  but  four  civil  townships  in 
the  county,  viz. :  Delhi,  Eads'  Grove,  North  Fprk  and  Colony.  The  following 
abstract  is  the  only  remaining  record  of  that  election  : 

Thos.  H.  Benton,  Superintendent  Instruction,  had 92  votes. 

James  Harlan,                  "                        "             "   124 

John  Benson,  School  Fund  Commissioner,           "    112 

Samuel  P.  Whitaker,  School  Fund  Commissioner,  had 90 

Simeon  Ellis,  Coroner,  had 104 

H.  A.  Lett,           "           "  """  77 

Wm.  Phillips,  Sealer  Weights  and  Measures,  had 89 

Simeon  Phillips,  "           "         "             "           "  98 

At  this  election,  Coffin,  Baker,  Sullivan  and  Minkler  voted  at  Delhi.  At 
the  general  election,  August  7,  the  vote  of  the  county  for  Eepresentative  to  Con- 
gress was  as  follows : 

Shepherd  Leffler  (Democrat) 109 

Timothy  Davis  (Whig) 122 

There  is  no  record  of  the  Presidential  election,  but  from  the  above  it  would 
appear  that  the  political  parties  were  very  ^nearly  evenly  balanced  in  Delaware 
at  that  time. 

Among  some  ancient  papers  which  were  filed  away  in  the  Sheriff's  office  is  a 
tabular  statement  of  the  liabilities  of 'the  county  for  the  year  ending  Decem- 
ber 31,  1848,  showing : 

For  outstanding  balance  against  the  county $261  32 

For  amount  of  orders  passed 598  99 

Total $860  31 

CONTEA    Cr. 

By  county  tax  placed  in  the  hands  of  Collector ^577  27 

By  orders  received  for  sale  of  town  lots  in  Delhi 60  82 

$638  09 


Balance  against  county |222  22 

The  aforegoing  is  a  correct  statement  of  the  liabilities  of  the  county,  for  the  year  ending 
the  31st  of  December,  1848,  showing  an  outstanding  balance  against  the  county  of  $222.22. 
There  was  also  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  Collector,  for  1848,  for  State  tax,  $275.87  ;  school  tax, 
$111.35. 

AxTES.,  DANIEL  ™HORNBURG,  }  ^---— 

CHARLES  W.  HOBBS, 

Clerk  of  Commissioners. 

Delhi,  January  1,  1849. 

Among  the  orders  drawn  was  one  for  a  "bear,  sold  for  use  of  county, 
17.50,"  and  the  amount  paid  out  for  wolf  scalps,  $17.30. 

It  seems  a  little  remarkable,  in  view  of  the  above  statement,  that  then,  and 
for  years  afterward,  county  orders  were  sold  for  fifty  cents  on  the  dollar. 

In  1848,  Isaac  Barton  was  arrested  for  stealing  a  horse  from  Hugh  Kose, 
which  was  taken  to  Wisconsin,  but  was  identified  and  returned.  Barton  was 
taken  to  Dubuque,  but  soon  escaped.  j    o     ^    i?    i 

January  2,   1849,  North  Fork  Township  was  divided,  and   bouth  iork 

Township  created.  „  -^   -i  ,  /-.         m        a,- 

July  2,  by  order  of  the  Commissioners,  the  name  of  Eads   Grove  lownship 

was  changed  to  Coldwater,  as  follows : 

Ordered,  That  the  Coldwater  Township  be  divided  as  follows  :  Commencing  at  the  north- 
east boundary  of  Coldwater  Township,  running  three  miles  sou  h ;  bounded  by  Elk  on  the  eas^, 
thence  west,  so  as  to  include  part  of  Range  5  west  of  Fifth  P"°7*l.  M«"d  *^^  =  ^^^'^^  ™ 
to  the  county  line  ;  thence  east,  to  the  place  of  beginning ;  and  that  said  township  shall  be  namea 


"Avon. 


378  HISTORY  OP  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

Ordered,  That  on  the  15th  day  of  July,  inst.,  the  electors  of  the  newly  laid  off  township  of 
Avon  shall  hold  an  election,  at  the  house  of  Daniel  B.  Noble,  in  said  township,  for  the  purpose 
of  electing  township  officers  for  said  township,  and  to  organize  the  same. 

The  impression  is  that  the  people  never  recognized  the  name  of  Avon,  and 
in  1851,  the  poll  books  were  returned  from  York. 

The  tax  levy  of  1849  was  :  State,  ten  and  a  half  mills ;  county,  four  mills ; 
school,  one  mill. 

Revs.  John  S.  Brown,  Newell  W.  Bixby  and  John  Plank  ministered  to  the 
religious  wants  of  the  community. 

1849  was  a  good  year  for  matrimonial  speculations,  and  there  was  a  goodly 
list  of  ma:rriages,  as  follows :  Israel  Scroggy  and  Martha  Bragg ;  Jacob  G. 
Nicholson  and  Martha  Hutson  ;  James  Young  and  Mary  Ann  Smith ;  James 
Rutherford  and  Catherine  Bragg ;  John  H.  Seeley  and  Annie  Livingston ; 
Andrew  L.  Ginger  and  Elizabeth  Martin ;  B.  F.  Dighton  and  Catherine  J.  Rits ; 
Richard  Barrett  and  Laura  S.  McFall ;  B.  F.  McVey  and  Minerva  J.  Bassen- 
ger ;  Bentley  Shipton  and  Sarah  Hutson ;  Bradford  Crozier  and  Henrietta  M. 
Pierce ;  H.  H.  Klaus  and  Katherine  M.  Kimple ;  Howard  A.  Smith  and  Eliz- 
abeth H.  Wells ;  William  Carpenter  and  Hannah  R.  Martin. 

The  estates  of  Alexander  Burnham,  Timothy  Joselin  and  Orlean  Blanchard 
were  admitted  to  probate.  Blanchard's  property  was  valued  at  $1,434.51,  hogs 
being  appraised  at  fl.OO  each. 

Frederick  B.  Doolittle  and  William  Price  visited  the  county,  and  entered 
land  near  Delhi.  "At  that  time,"  says  Judge  Doolittle,  "there  were  only 
four  or  five  log  cabins  in  the  town  of  Delhi.  There  was  a  log  house  near  the 
'Big  Spring,'  which  was  the  tavern  kept  by  John  W.  Clark.  In  a  frame 
'lean-to,'  on  one  side  of  the  tavern,  Clark  kept  a  little  store." 

The  raising  of  the  first  frame  barns  in  the  county,  built  by  Clement  CofiSn 
and  Henry  Baker,  at  Coffin's  Grove,  on  the  4th  of  July,  1849,  was  a  notable 
event.  People  gathered  from  all  parts  of  the  county — from  Delhi,  Plum  Creek, 
Colony,  South  Fork,  etc.  Baker's  barn  frame  was  raised  in  the  forenoon,  and 
the  settlers  dined  at  his  house.  In  the  afternoon,  Cofiin's  barn  frame  was 
raised,  and  supper  was  served  at  his  house.  Thus  the  anniversary  of  our 
national  independence  was  celebrated  and  made  useful  by  the  settlers  of  Dela- 
ware in  1849.  Among  those  who  were  present  was  Roland  Aubrey,  all  the 
way  from  North  Fork.  When  they  were  at  work  at  CoflUn's  barn,  Aubrey 
would  carry  rafters  alone,  doing  the  work  of  two  men.  Cofiin  noticed  this,  and 
said  to  two  men  who  were  carrying  a  rafter  by  him,  "  Look  at  that  other  man 
carrying  his  stick  alone !  I  wouldn't  give  a  cent  for  a  man  who  couldn't  handle 
a  ton  of  basswood  by  himself." 

The  numb^er  of  scholars  in  Delaware,  in  1849,  was  515 ;  and  the  several 
townships  received  school  money  as  follows:  Colony,  $48.03 ;  Eads'  Grove, 
$25.44  ;  North  Fork,  $37.77  ;  Delhi,  $22.74. 

At  the  general  election,  August  6,  1849,  the  vote  for  State  Treasurer  was 
returned  as  follows : 

GltLASPIE.  STEWAET. 

Delhi .;....       34  29 

Coldwater 14  jg 

York 3 

Colony '.■     "i'i  ''  47 

North  Fork I3  I3 

South  Fork H  28 

Total 110  186 


HISTORY  OF  DELTWARE  COUNTY.  379 

The  first  threshing  machine  brought  into  the  county  was  owned  and  operated 
by  Daniel  B.  Noble,  who  then  lived  near  Yankee  Settlement,  in  1849. 

The  population  of  the  county  in  1840,  was  only  168,  in  1850,  it  had  in- 
creased to  1,759. 

Twelve  marriages  were  recorded  during  this  year,  among  them,  that  of  John 
Bliss  and  Mary  Martin. 

October  8,  1850.  A.  K.  Eaton  resigned  as  Judge  of  Probate  and  Zina  A. 
Wellnian  was  appointed  to  fill  the  vacancy.  Eaton  had  been  elected  a  Repre- 
sentative to  the  Legislature. 

The  Grand  Jury  of  1850  was  composed  of  Samuel  Kelly,  James  Phillips, 
D.  H.  Brown,  0.  Cronk,  T.  Marks,  A.  Buggies,  W.  H.  Martin,  D.  Mason, 
Silas  Gilmore,  S.  B.  Reynolds,  Jacob  Lamer,  D.  Crown,  S.  Ellis,  J.  A. 
Ginger,  A.  A.  Wilson  and  William  Turner. 


THE  NEW  COURT  HOUSE  AND  JAIL. 

The  necessity  for  a  jail  and  new  Court  House  was  now  pressing  upon  the 
people  of  Delaware,  but  how  to  build  them  was  a  serious  question  for  the  con- 
sideration of  the  Commissioners.  The  county  had  no  money ;  its  credit  was 
not  then  good  as  it  since  became  ;  county  bonds  could  not  be  negotiated  and 
county  orders  were  hawked  about,  a  drug  on  the  market,  at  fifty  per  cent,  dis- 
count. Delhi  town  lots,  the  only  available  real  estate  owned  by  the  county, 
were  worth  only  five  dollars  apiece.  The  first  ofiicial  records  of  the  action  of 
^he  Commissioners  in  relation  to  the  matter  begin  April  9,  1850,  when  the 
Board  resolved  to  advertise  in  the  Dubuque  Tribune  for  "  proposals  to  build 
a  Court  House."  Judge  Doolittle  states  that  when  he  and  Mr.  Price  returned 
to  Delhi,  in  the  Spring  of  1850,  there  was  "nothing  doing,"  and  they 
induced  the  Commissioners  to  give  them  the  contract  for  getting  out  the  timber 
for  a  new  Court  House,  at  five  cents  per  running  foot.  It ,  is  probable  that  the 
Commissioners  determined  upon  the  size  and  general  plan  of  the  building  at 
this  time,  and  decided  to  provide  for  a  jail  in  the  basement  of  the  building. 
Judge  Doolittle  states  that  neither  himself  nor  Mr.  Price  had  ever  hewed  a  stick 
of  timber  in  their  lives,  but  having  obtained  the  contract,  they  concluded  that  if 
others  could  hew  timber,  they  could,  obtained  some  axes,  borrowed  a  broad- axe, 
and  in  the  Summer  of  1850,  among  the  mosquitoes,  sand  flies  and  rattlesnakes, 
hewed  the  timber  required  to  erect  the  contemplated  building. 

October  8,  the  Board  "ordered  that  William  Price  be  paid  forty-four 
dollars  and  forty -five  cents  for  jail  timber  furnished."  "  Ordered  that  F.  B. 
Doolittle  be  paid  three  dollars  and  twenty-one  cents  for  jail  timber  furnished." 
Judge  Doolittle  states  that  he  took  his  pay  mostly  in  Delhi  town  lots,  at  five 
dollars  apiece.  "  These,"  says  the  Judge,  "  were  legal  tender  to  any  one  who 
would  take  them,  at  that  time,  at  that  price."  The  county  had  nothing  else  to 
pay  with.  It  seems  to  be  fortunate  for  the  county,  and  particularly  for  Delhi, 
that  Mr.  Doolittle  came  about  that  time.  His  indomitable  energy  and  deter- 
mination appears  to  have  given  the  county  seat  a  start,  and  for  several  years 
it  increased  rapidly,  but  at  this  time,  those  log  cabins,  built  in  1846-7,  were 
yet  the  only  buildings  there.  Clark  had  sold  his  store,  or  rather  the  few  goods 
in  it,  to  Thomas  C.  Helm,  but  was  still  "  keeping  tavern"  in  his  log  house  by 
the  "Big  Spring."  ii,    a    f  + 

In  1850,  several  of  the  adventurous  spirits  who  had  been  among  the  tirst  to 
settle  in  Delaware  County,  became  infected  with  the  gold  fever  and  organized 


380  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

a  party  to  cross  the  plains  to  California.  Among  them  were  Joel  Bailey,  Lewis 
Crozier,  Elder  Blanchard,  William  Robinson,  Wm.  H.  Whiteside,  William 
Phillips,  Roland  Aubrey,  Missouri  Dickson  and  others.  Dickson  died  in  Cal- 
ifornia.    Bailey  and  Aubrey  returned  the  next  year. 

NEW  TOWNSHIPS. 

January  6,  1851,  the  County  Commissioners  created  several  new  town- 
ships by  the  following  orders,  viz.  : 

Ordered,  That  Cold  Water  Township,  in  Delaware  County,  be  divided  and  a  new  township  set 
off,  with  the  following  boundaries,  viz. : 

Beginning  at  the  southeast  corner  of  Section  18,  in  Township  89  north,  and  Range  5  west 
thence  west  to  the  southwest  corner  of  Section  18,  in  Township  89  north,  and  Range  6  west 
thence  north  to  the  northwest  corner  of  Section  6,  Township  90  north,  and  Range  6  west,  thence 
east  to  the  northeast  corner  of  Section  6,  in  Township  90  north,  and  Range  5  west,  and  thence 
south  to  the  place  of  beginning,  and  that  said  township,  be  known  by  the  name  of  Richland 
Township.     Voting  place,  the  house  of  Stephen  R.  Reynolds. 

Ordered,  That  a  new  Township  be  set  off  in  Delaware  County,  with  the  following  boundaries 
to  wit :  commencing  at  the  southeast  corner  of  Section  36,  in  Township  89  north,  Range  5  weat, 
thence  west  to  the  southwest  corner  of  Section  31.  Township  89  north  of  Range  6  west,  thence 
north  to  the  northwest  corner  of  Section  7,  Township  89  north  of  Range  6  west,  thence  east  to 
the  northeast  corner  of  Section  12,  Township  89  north  of  Range  5  west,  thence  south  to  the 
place  of  beginning ;  and  that  said  township,  be  known  by  the  name  of  Delaware  Township. 
The  place  of  holding  elections  in  said  township  shall  bfe  at  Delaware  Center  (near  where  Quaker 
Mills  now  stand).  It  is  further  ordered  that  all  that  part  of  Richland  Township,  as  heretofore 
described  in  the  preceding  order,  and  all  parts  of  any  other  township  in  said  county  included 
within  the  bounds  of  Delaware  Township,  as  herein  described,  shall  hereafter  be  included  in  said 
Delaware  Township. 

.  April  IS,  Ordered,  That  Sections  8,  9,  10,  11  and  12,  in  Township  89,  north  of  Range  6 
west  of  the  5th  Principal  Meridian,  which  by  a  late  order  of  this  Court  defining  the  boundary 
of  Delaware  Township  formed  a  part  of  said  township,  be  and  the  same  are  hereby  attached  to  the 
Township  of  Coldwater,  and  shall  hereafter  form  a  part  of  said  Township  of  Coldwater  for  all 
purposes. 

Ordered,  That  South  Fork  Township,  in  Delaware  County,  be  divided,  and  a  new  township 
set  off  consisting  of  all  that  part  of  said  township,  as  the  boundar.es  have  heretofore  been' 
established,  lying  on  the  southwest  side  of  the  Maquoketa  River,  said  township  to  be  known  by 
the  name  of  Buck  Creek  Township.  The  first  election  in  said  township  shall  be  held  at  the 
school  house  near  Aaron  Blanchard' s. 

July  S8,  Ordered,  That  the  southern  boundary  line  of  Colony  Township  be  changed  as 
follows:  Commencing  at  a  point  on  the  Dubuque  &  Fort  Atkinson  Road  where  saia  road  crosses 
the  line  running  north  and  south  through  the  center  of  Township  90  north  of  Range  3  west  of 
the  Fifth  Principal  Meridian  ;  thence  south  to  the  southeast  corner  of  Section  16,  Township  89, 
Range  3  ;  thence  west  to  the  southeast  of  Section  16,  Township  89,  Range  4  ;  thence  north  till  it 
strikes  the  said  Dubuque  &  Fort  Atkinson  Road ;  and  all  lands  lying  on  the  north  side  of 
this  line  shall  hereafter  form  a  part  of  the  said  Colony  Township. 

'  THE  COURT  HOUSE. 

It  would  seem  that  some  progress  was  made  in  the  construction  of  the  Court 
House  in  1850,  for,  on  the  7th  of  January,  1851,  claims  arising  from  con- 
struction account  were  allowed,  as  follows:  Samuel  Bird,  labor,  $7.87  ;  Z.  A. 
Wellman,  cash  paid,  $12.80 ;  Joseph  Mitchell,  boarding  hands,  $7 ;  Simeon 
Ellis,  timber,  $28;  Jasper  Seward,  labor,  $6.87;  Henry  Crawford,  labor, 
$4.87  ;  H.  A.  Carter,  $45.25 ;  Chas.  Cousins,  labor,  $5.73  ;  John  Benson,  lum- 
ber, $58.77 ;  G.  W.  Gregg,  labor,  $2.37 ;  Simeon  Ellis,  timber,  $7.  Next 
day — John  W.  Clark,  lumber  (to  be  delivered),  $25.  Probably  sonje  work  was 
done  on  excavating  for  the  basement,  but  there  are  no  records  to  show  what 
was  done. 

April  16,  the  following  additional  claims  were  allowed:  Simeon  Ellis, labor, 
80  cents.  October  6  :  T.  R.  Mason,  labor,  $3 ;  H.  A.  Carter  (as  Commissioner 
and  services  on  Court  House,  $23.50.) 


HISTORY  OF  WOODFORD  COUNTY.  381 

Judge  Doolittle  states  that  in  the  Spring  of  1851,  the  timber  hewed  by 
himself  and  Mr.  Price  was  hauled  to  the  site  selected  on  the  public  square,  and 
the  work  of  excavating  for  the  basement  commenced  partly  by  contract,  though 
on  this  subject  the  records  are  silent. 

Payments  for  work  were  made  with  town  lots  at  $5  each,  and  in  county 
orders  at  50  per  cent  discount.  Under  the  direction  of  the  Commissioners, 
succeeded  in  August  by  County  Judge  Benson,  the  foundations  were  laid,  the 
walls  of  the  basement  or  jail  built,  and  the  frame  of  the  Court  House  "  raised  " 
during  the  Fall,  and  thus  it  stood  until  the  next  year. 

The  only  other  recorded  action  of  either  the  Board  of  Commissioners  or  the 
County  Court,  in  relation  to  the  Court  House  to  be  found,  is  the  following 
order  of  the  Court,  December  30,  1851,  from  which  it  would  seem  that  the 
frame  was  not  raised  until  quite  late  in  the  season : 

It  is  hereby  ordered  that  Chester  C.  Cousens  be  paid  thirteen  dollars  for  furnishing  supper  at 
the  raising  the  Court  House,  boarding  Payten,  and  the  balance  due  said  Cousens  for  work  done 
on  the  Court  House  to  this  date.  JOHN  BENSON, 

County  Judge. 

The  Town  of  Colony,  near  the  center  of  Section  4,  Township  90  north, 
Range  3  west,  immediately  south  of  Colesburgh,  was  laid  out  in  March,  1851. 
It  was  laid  out  in  two  streets,  crossing  each  other  at  right  angles.  David  More- 
land,  Proprietor ;  James  Cole,  Surveyor.     Plat  recorded  May  6,  1851. 

Hopkinton  was  laid  out  on  the  southeast  quarter.  Section  13,  Township  87 
north.  Range  4  west,  in  1851.  Henry  A.  Carter,  Leroy  Jackson  and  Jerusha 
M.  Jackson,  Proprietors  ;  John  W.  Clark,  Surveyor.  Plat  recorded  December 
29,  1851. 

The  following  unique  marriage  certificate  appears  of  record  : 

I  hereby  certify  that  on  the  20th  day  of  February,  A.  D.  1851,  at  the  house  of  William  Digh- 
ton,  in  Delhi  Township,  Delaware  County,  Iowa,  in  the  presence  of  the  above  named  William 
Dighton  and  his  wife,  his  father,  two  brothers,  two  sisters,  one  brother-in-law,  one  sister-in-law, 
three  step-children,  several  of  his  own  children,  nephews  and  niecef,  friends  and  acquaintances, 
neighbors,  etc.,  I  joined  in  the  holy  bonds  of  matrimony  Mr.  Anthony  McGarvey,  of  Scott  County, 
Iowa,  aged  24  years,  and  Miss  Mary  Ann  Morgan,  step-daughter  to  the  above  mentioned  William 
Dighton,  of  this  county,  aged  18  years. 

Given  under  my  hand  this  20th  day  of  February,  A.  D.  1851. 

THEODORE  MARKS, 
Justice  of  the  Peace,  South  Fork  Township,  Delaware  County,  Iowa. 

P.  S.— The  streams  being  up  very  high,  everybody  could  not  attend.  The  undersigned  had 
to  travel  sixteen  miles  extra  to  get  home.  ^-  ™' 

THE  COUNTY  JUDGE  SYSTEM. 

By  chapter  15  of  the  Code  of  Iowa,  approved  February  5,  1851,  County 
Commissioners'  Courts  were  abolished,  and  the  office  of  County  Judge  created. 
By  this  law,  the  County  Judge  was  invested  "  with  the  usual  power  and  juris- 
diction of  County  Commissioners  and  of  Judge  of  Probate,  and  to  be  elected  at 
the  first  election  holden  in  August  after  the  statutes  had  been  in  force  thirty 


Accordingly,  at  the  election  in  August,  John  Benson  was  elected  County 
Judge ;  William  Price,  Clerk  of  County  Court ;  and  the  Board  of  County  Com- 
missioners ceased  to  exist.  .     , 

In  the  Fall,  James  Wood,  Alfred  Harris  and  Wilson  arrived  at 

Delhi,  with  their  families,  and,  having  no  place  to  stop,  erected  a  rough  shanty 
in  the  basement  of  the  new  Court  House,  and  lived  there  until  they  could  build 
cabins. 


382  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

During  the  Summer,  Mr.  Daniel  Baker  arrived  at  Delhi,  on  his  way  to 
Independence,  whither  he  was  going  with  the  view  of  building  a  h6tel.  He 
-was  taken  sick  with  Cholera  while  at  Delhi,  and  when  he  became  convalescent, 
Mr.  Doolittle,  who  had  learned  his  business,  proposed  to  him  that  if  he  would 
remain  and  build  a  hotel  at  Delhi,  he  (Doolittle)  would  give  him  a  deed  of  a  lot. 
Baker  accepted  the  offer  and  built  the  old  Iowa  House,  20x30,  1 J  stories  high, 
on  Lot  9,  Block  4,  on  the  north  side  of  the  main  street.  It  was  considered  a  very 
fine  house  at  that  time.  Doolittle  evidently  knew  how  to  start  a  town,  for  in 
the  same  season  he  gave  Charles  Harding  (who  had  bought  Helms'  store)  a  lot 
on  the  opposite  side  of  the  street,  if  he  would  build  a  store  on  it,  which  he  did, 
building  what  is  now  known  as  the  "  Blue  Store,"  on,Lot  3,  Block  9.  This  gave 
an  impetus  to  the  town,  and  the  price  of  lots  advanced.  It  was  not  necessary 
to  "  give  away  "  any  more  of  them. 

THE  GREAT  FLOOD. 

1 851  is  memorable  for  the  great  flood  that  occurred  in  that  year.  June  7, 
Tain  fell  in  enormous  quantities.  Mr.  Moulton,  of  Monticello,  is  authority  for 
the  statement  that  the  rain-guage  at  that  place  indicated  3.75  inches.  The 
"  windows  of  heaven  were  opened  "  indeed.  At  Henry  Baker's,  the  waters  of 
the  creek  rose  until  it  overflowed  the  floor  of  .his  house  (his  original  log  cabin, 
since  burned),  and  he  lost  several  sheep  and  hogs,  and  his  fences  were  swept 
away. 

At  Ead's  Grove,  the  old  Bennett  Mill  was  swept  away,  and  Mrs.  Alaway, 
who  lived  near  it,  was  drowned. 

The  prairie,  where  Manchester  now  stands,  was  entirely  siibmerged,  the 
water,  where  the  Clarence  House  now  is,  being  several  feet^  deep.  The  cause 
of  this  appears  to  have  been  that  at  that  time  the  Maquoketa  at  this  point  was 
narrow  and  the  current  set  to  the  right  bank.  The  high  banks  operated  as 
wing  dams,  when  the  water  was  so  high,  and  it  must  overflow  the  prairie. 

At  Bailey's,  the  water  rose  to  the  floor  of  his  cabin,  and  he  lost  about  two 
miles  of  fence. 

At  Benson's  Mill,  which  had  been  built  the  previous  year,  all  the  logs  and 
lumber  were  swept  away,  and  the  mill  itself  was  only  saved  by  being  cabled. 
Only  a  small  portion  of  the  roof  was  above  water. 

Mr.  Lawson  A.  Roe,  an  esteemed  citizen  of  the  county,  relates  an  interest- 
ing incident  of  this  flood,  in  substance  as  follows  :  Mr.  William  Roe,  with  his 
two  sons,  Lawson  A.  and  Charles  and  his  nephew,  came  to  this  county  in  1861, 
on  a  tour  of  observation.  Arriving  at  Delhi,  they  were  informed  that  the  Ma- 
quoketa was  so  high  that  they  could  not  cross  it  at  Bailey's  Ford.  Accord- 
ingly, they  went  below  and  crossed  it  at  Benson's  Mill,  then  traveled  up  the 
river  on  the  west  side  until  they  reached  a  point  opposite  Bailey's  at  night,  on 
the  7th  of  June.  Here  they  encamped  on  the  bottom  near  the  bank  of  the 
stream,  thirty  or  forty  rods  a  little  south  of  west  of  Bailey's  house.  The  water 
was  high,  but  was  some  six  feet  below  the  top  of  the  bank.  Here  they  hitched 
their  horses  and  pitched  their  tent.  During  the  night  it  rained  heavily  and  in 
the  morning  they  found  the  river  bankful,  and,  although  the  water  had  not 
yet  reached  their  tent,  it  was  two  feet  deep  where  the  horses  stood.  They 
thought  it  best  to  move  as  soon  as  possible,  but  they  soon  discovered  that  they 
were  on  an  island,  from  which  it  was  impossible  to  escape  without  swimming. 
They  drove  a  stake  at  the  edge  of  the  water  and  soon  found  that  it  was  not 
1  Ising ;  they  were  still  on  terra-firma,  and  anticipnted  no  further  trouble  except 


,J)'i^l}^ic^  iMfnjL 


DELHI 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY:  385 

delay.  It  was  not  long,  however,  before  they  were  dismayed  by  the  discoverv 
that  the  water  was  rising  again  very  rapidly,  and  was  very  muddy,  indicating 
that  the  mill-dams  at  Turner's  and  Acers'  had  probably  been  swept  away 
They  immediately  prepared  for  the  emergency.  With  portions  of  the  harness' 
they  fastened  the  wagon-box  to  the  bolsters  and  staked  the  wagon  so  it  could 
not  float  away.  When  the  water  had  risen  around  the  wagon.  Mr.  R.  Eddy 
afterward  Sheriff,  swam  to  them  and  took  the  horses  off,  none  too  soon  for 
says  Mr.  Roe,  "  the  water  rose  eleven  feet  in  about  three  hours  and  a  half  com- 
pelling us  to  take  refuge  in  a  tree.  Meanwhile,  Mr.  Eddy  and  two  others 
(names  not  remembered)  made  active  preparations  to  rescue  the  four  men  "  up 
a_  tree."  The  boats  had  all  been  swept  away  by  the  flood,  but  Mr.  Eddy  and 
his  companions  obtained  a  new  wagon-box,  caulked  it  as  well  as  they  could,  and, 
with  this  novel  craft,  after  three  trials,  they  succeeded  in  reaching  the  Roe's  and 
took  them  to  the  shore. 

Rev.  E.  B.  Turner  was  Pastor  of  the  church  at  Colesburgh ;  Rev.  John 
Martindale,  at  Eads'  Grove,  and  religious  services  were  conducted  elsewhere  by 
Revs.  George  Larkin  and  D.  Mason. 

In  December,  the  estate  of  Mr.  Enoch  Perkins  was  admitted  to  probate. 

The  county  register  shows  seventeen  marriages  during  1851.  Among  them 
were  Jesse  B.  Bailey  and  Margaret  Moreland  ;  W.  B.  Hutson  and  Emmeline 
Blanchard,  and  D.  B.  Noble  and  Clara  Reese. 

Mr.  Bailey  afterward  served  for  many  years  in  the  County  Board  of  Super- 
visors. 

The  valuation  of  1851  was  as  follows : 

Land  with  improvements $213,122 

Town  lots 7'865 

Personal  property 76,879 

Total ^297,866 

Number  of  Polls 497 

Asa  C.  Bowen  entered  warrants  for  several  thousand  acres  on  the  prairie 
since  called  Bowen's  Prairie,  which  included  nearly  all  the  present  town  of 
Sand  Spring,  in  1851,  and,  in  1856,  erected  a  cabin  near  the  Sand  Spring, 
directly  on  the  railroad  track  as  afterward  surveyed  and  located. 

The  records  of  1852  are  of  minor  interest,  and  transactions  unimportant ; 
but  the  tide  of  immigration  was  setting  strongly  to  Delaware,  and  the  county 
was  rapidly  filling  up  with  enterprising  and  intelligent  settlers. 

March  15,  the  County  Court  granted  the  prayer  of  a  petition  for  a  road  from 
Richland  (Forestville)  via  Acersville  (Delaware  Center)  to  Delhi. 

In  March,  a  burglary  was  committed  in  Delhi.  The  stores  of  Charles 
Harding  and  Clark  &  Eaton  were  broken  into  and  robbed.  Michael  Ken- 
nedy was  arrested  for  the  offense,  examined  before  Judge  Benson  and  com- 
mitted. 

Coldwater  Township  was  divided,  and  the  north  part  made  a  new  township 

named  York. 

In  April,  Judge  Benson,  Recorder  Phillips  and  William  Price,  Clerk,  held 
a  meeting  to  ascertain  whether  the  fees  received  by  them  were  sufficient  to  pay 
their  official  salaries.  "  Figuring  up  "  their  receipts,  they  ascertained  that  the 
sum  total  for  seven  months  was  $223.95.  Their  salaries  amounted  to  |125  each. 
They  decided  to  divide  the  money  equally,  and  took  orders  on  the  empty  treas- 
ury for  the  balance,  probably  at  the  rate  of  two  dollars  for  one,  as  that  was  the 
standard  price  of  county  orders  at  that  time. 


D 


386 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 


It  is  related  that,  during  Mr.  William  Phillips'  term  as  Recorder,  the  town 
of  Delhi  was  seriously  threatened  with  destruction  from  prairie  fires.  The 
record  of  deeds  at  that  time  was  all  contained  in  one  little  book ;  the  Recorder's 
ofSce  was  not  supplied  with  a  safe,  and  if  the  town  burned,  that  valuable  book 
of  records  would  be  destroyed.  Mr.  Phillips  determined  that,  come  what  would, 
that  book  "must  and  should  be  preserved,"  and  improvised  a  very  safe  recep- 
tacle for  it  by  digging  a  hole  in  the  ground  near  his  house,  in  which  he  deposited 
his  record  book  and  buried  it. 


THE  COURT  HOUSE. 

Some  progress  was  made  on  the  new  Court  House  in  1852.  The  frame  was 
covered,  the  roof  put  on  and  some  of  the  inside  work  was  done.  But  as  the 
county  had  only  town  lots  and  its  depreciated  orders  with  which  to  pay  for  labor 
and  material.  Judge  Benson  evidently  found  it  slow  work.  The  records  are 
silent. 

"  In  the  Spring  of  1852,"  says  Judge  Doolittle,  "  potatoes  were  exceedingly 
scarce  in  this  country.  The  potato  crop  the  previous  year  was  almost  an  entire 
failure,  and,  when  Spring  opened,  seed  potatoes  were  difficult  to  obtain  and  very 
high.  Our  farmers  paid  $1.50  a  bushel  and  hauled  them  from  Dubuque.  One 
of  the  Delhi  farmers  had  secured  some,  and,  to  make  them  '  go '  as  far  as  possi- 
ble, was  planting  them  in  Eastern  style — in  rows  about  four  feet  apart  and  about 
the  same  distance  apart  in  the  row.  A  neighbor,  happening  along,  noticed  the 
fact,  and  said,  'What,  makes  you  plant  your  potatoes  so  far  apart?  yOu're  fool- 
ish to  waste  land  in  that  way.'  The  potato  planter  paused  in  his  work,  looked 
at  his  neighbor  a  moment  and  exclaimed,  '  Waste  land  ?  H — 11 !  what's  the  use 
to  talk  about  wasting  land  at  f  1.25  an  acre  when  potatoes  are  $1.50  a  bushel? ' " 

The  levy  of  taxes  for  1852  was  as  follows :  State,  IJ  mills ;  county,  6 
mills  ;  for  roads,  1  mill ;  for  schools,  1  mill,  and  a  poll  tax  of  $2.50.' 

Zina  A.  Wellman  was  appointed  Prosecuting  Attorney  by  the  County  Court. 

The  amount  of  school  money  for  distribution  among  the  several  districts  in 
the  county,  in  1852,  was  $550.58.  Three  estates  were  admitted  to  probate, 
viz. :     Those  of  N.  P.  Dillon,  William  Siston  and Convill. 

In  November,  1852,  occurred  the  third  Presidential  election  since  the 
organization  of  the  county  ;  but  of  the  preceding  elections  no  record  was  kept; 
at  least  none  are  now  to  be  found.  At  the  election  on  the  5th  of  April,  Joel 
Bailey  was  elected  School  Fund  Commissioner,  over  John  Benson,  by  a  vote  of 
263  to  126 — total  vote,  389.  At  the  election,  Buck  Creek  Township  returned 
33  votes.     At  the  November  election,  the  following  returns  were  made : 


WiNFiELD  Scott. 

Fbauklin  Pieboe. 

'  J.  P.  Ham. 

68 
23 
39 
30 
10 
28 
8 
14 
18 

44 
21 
67 
17 
3 
8 
19 
10 
15 

North  Fork 

Delhi 

10 

South  Fork 

York 

5 
3 

Union . 

Delaware 

Richland 

233 

204 

18 

Total  vote,  455. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  387 

January  3,  1853,  the  County  Court,  Judge  Benson,  provided  for  the  pay- 
ment in  full  of  the  money  borrowed  of  Lawrence  McNamee  in  1846,  with  which 
to  enter  the  county  seat. 

TOWNSHIP  BOUNDARIES. 

February  26th,  the  County  Court  established  the  boundaries  of  the  civil 
townships  in  the  county  as  follows  : 

It  being  deemed  necessary  to  make  a. general  alteration  in  the  boundaries  of  the  townships 
of  Delaware  County,  for  the  reason  that  the  Assessors  could  not  know  what  land  to  assess  along 
the  lines  where  creeks  and  roads  were  the  boundaries,  therefore,  under  the  present  arrange- 
ments, it  (is)  Ordered,  that 

Colony  Township  shall  consist  of  Congressional  Township  No.  90  north  of  Range  3  west, 
and  the  north  half  of  Township  89  north.  Range  3  west. 

York  Township  is  composed  of  the  north  half  of  Township  90  north  of  Range  5  west. 
Coldwater  is  composed  of  the  south  half  of  Township  90,  and  Sections  1,  2,  3,  4,  5  and  6, 
n  Township  89  north   of  Range  5  west. 

Richland  is  composed  of  Township  90  north  of  Range  6  west 

Delaware  is  composed  of  Township  89  north  of  Range  6,  and  Township  89,  Range  5  west, 
except  Sections  1,  2,  3,  4,  5  and  6,  which  are  attached  to  Coldwater. 

North  Fork  is  composed  of  Township  88,  and  the  south  half  of  Township  89  north  of  Range 
3  west. 

South  Fork  is  composed  of  Township  87,  Range  3,  and  Sections  1,  12,  13,  24,  25  and  26,  in 
ownship  87  north  of  Range  4  west. 

Union  Township  is  composed  of  Township  87,  Range  6  west;  Township  87,  Range  5  and 
ownship  87,  Range  4,  except  Sections  1,  12,  18,  24,  25  and  36,  which  are  attached  to  South 
ork.  ' 

Delhi  Township  is  composed  of  Township  88,  Range  4;  Township  88,  Range  5;  Township 
8,  Range  6 ;  and  the  south  half  of  Township  89  north  of  Range  4  west. 

At  the  April  election,  1853,  the  whole  number  of  votes  polled  in  the  county 
was  382.  The  people  voted  to  allow  sheep  and  swine  to  run  at  large  by  a  large 
majority. 

In  November,  Thomas  Green,  a  pauper  likely  to  become  a  public  charge, 
was  allowed  $25  to  enable  him  to  return  to  Pennsylvania. 

During  this  year,  the  first  newspaper  in  the  county  was  established  at  Delhi 
by  Datus  E.  Coob,  of  which  further  mention  is  made  elsewhere. 

COURT  HOUSE  COMPLETED. 

During  1853,  the  new  Court  House  and  jail  building  was  completed,  it  is 
said  without  the  necessity  of  a  tax  levy,  being  paid  for  with  town  lots  and 
county  orders.  The  payment  of  the  latter,  however,  when  made,  was  by  the  tax- 
payers of  the  county.  One  term  of  court  was  held  in  the  stone  basement  of 
Hook's  building,  before  the  new  house  was  ready  for  occupation. 

The  old  log  Court  House  was  now  sold.  It  had  served  a  good  purpose ;  had 
been  used  for  court  purposes,  as  a  school  house,  church,  and  for  all  the  various 
purposes  of  a  community  having  no  other  building  for  public  purposes ;  and, 
besides,  it  frequently  furnished  a  temporary  home  for  immigrants,  until  they 
could  build  their  cabins.  It  should  have  been  preserved,  as  long  as  it  would 
stand,  as  a  monument  of  the  early  history  of  the  county  ;  at  least,  when  it  waa 
removed,  some  sort  of  a  monument  should  have  been  placed  on  the  spot  where 
the  first  court  in  the  county  was  held,  where  the  people  erected  it  themselves, 
without  tax,  by  voluntary  contributions  of  labor,  precisely  as  they  built  their 
cabins,  by  helping  each  other.  But  in  1857,  J.  M.  Noble,  the  then  owner,  sold 
it  to  Joel  Bailey,  for  $25.00,  who  used  it  for  a  stable  for  several  years,  until 


388  ■      HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

about  1861,  when  lie  received  $10.00  for  it,  from  W.  A.  Heath,  who  found 
the  dry  hickory  logs  of  which  it  was  built  made  excellent  fire-wood;  and  now, 
1878,  not  a  vestige  of  it  remains. 

The  entire  absence  of  the  poll  books,  and  various  other  valuable  records, 
prior  to  the  occupation  of  the  new  Court  House,  leads  to  the  inference  that  they 
were  boxed  up  and  stowed  away,  and  forgotten ;  or,  what  is  more  probable,  de- 
stroyed. , 

In  the  Spring  of  1853,  Jane  and  Eliza  Scott,  who  had  been  visiting  their 
parents,  who  lived  near  the  old  town  of  Delaware  Center,  above  Manchester, 
were  returning  to  Delhi,  where  they  were  employed.  When  they  reached 
Spring  Branch,  about  a  mile  above  Bailey's,  the  stream  was  very  high  ;  but, 
without  realizing  the  danger,  they  attempted  to  ford  it,  as  usual.  The  horse 
and  wagon,  with  its  occupants,  were  swept  into  the  "Deep  Hole,"  just  below, 
and  the  horse  was  drowned.  One  of  thegirls  was  swept  by  the  current  to  the 
shore ;  the  other  was  drawn  into  the  eddy,  where  she  was  carried  round  by  the 
circling  waters,  until  her  sister  succeeded  in  reaching  her  with  a  pole,  and  drew 
.  her  to  the  shore. 

Both  were  much  exhausted,  and  started  through  the  snow  and  water, 
hoping  to  reach  Bailey's  cabin,  at  the  ford.  One  of  them  did,  but  was  so 
far  gone  when  she  reached  there  that  she  could  not  speak  for  a  time.  As 
soon  as  she  had  sufficiently  recovered  to  tell  her  story,  Mr.  Bailey  and  his 
"hired  man"  started  to  find  the  other  one,  and  found  her  about  half  a  mile 
from  the  house,  utterly  exhausted,  on  her  hands  and  knees,  in  a  pool  of  water. 
She  was  insensible,  and  was  so  heavy  withal  that  Mr.  Bailey  says  it  was  impos- 
sible for  two  men  to  carry  her.  Fortunately,  Mr.  Lillibridge,  who  had  heard 
the  screams  of  the  girls  and  had  started  on  horseback,  arrived  at  that  moment, 
and  they  succeeded  in  lifting  the  insensible  girl  on  to  the  horse,  where  Mr.  Lil- 
libridge balanced  her  body  in  front  of  him,  like  a  sack  of  corn,  and  carried  her 
to  Bailey's.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bailey,  by  unremitting  exertions  for  several  hours, 
at  last  succeeded  in  restoring  the  poor  girl  to  consciousness,  but  it  was  a  nar- 
row escape.  Soon  after.  Dr.  Acers,  who  was  opportunely  passing,  was  hailed 
by  Mr.  Bailey,  called  in  and  gave  the  necessary  medical  advice  and  assistance. 

June  11,  1863,  the  constitution  of  "  The  Farmers'  and  Mechanics'  Mercan- 
tile Association,  of  Delaware  and  Clayton  Counties,"  was  filed  for  record  in  the 
Recorder's  office.  It  was  preserved  among  some  old  papers  in  the  County 
Treasurer's  office,  at  Delhi,  but  no  names  are  attached  to  it.  This  association 
was  organized  in  1 853,  at  Yankee  Settlement,  by  Rev.  H.  N.  Gates,  Daniel  B. 
Noble,  Mr.  Seward  and  others.  The  object  of  the  Association  was  to  establish 
and  run  a  store  on  the  co-operative  plan,  selling  shares  at  $10  each.  Accord- 
ingly, the  store  was  started  at  Yankee  Settlement,  now  called  Edgewood, 
under  the  name  of  "  The  Union  Store."  It  did  not  survive  long,  however,  and 
closed  its  doors  at  the  end  of  its  second  year,  having  used  up  all  its  capital  and 
$200  additional. 

The  first  stone  school  house  in  Delaware  County,  was  erected  in  1853,  near 
Bailey's  Ford.  Subsequently,  some  parties  wanted  the  school  house  in  another 
place  ;  others  wanted  the  district  divided.  At  last  the  stone  school  house  was 
burned,  the  district  was  divided  and  peace  reigned.  The  ruins  of  this  house  are 
still  to  be  seen  on  the  wayside,  a  short  distance  east  of  Bailey's  Ford. 

The  post  office  at  Delaware  Center  (Acersville)  was  established  Oct.  1, 1853. 

At  the  election  in  April,  1854,  Peter  Case  was  elected  School  Fund  Com- 
missioner. Mr.  Case  was  an  honest,  upright  man.  He  died  in  poverty,  at 
Waverly,  some  years  ago. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  389 

AN  IMPORTANT  LAND  CASE. 

The  errors  made  by  Mr.  Porter,  who  attempted  to  subdivide  the  northern 
townships  in  the  county,  in  1837,  gave  rise  to  numerous  disputes,  much  ill 
feeling  and  litigation.  A  single  example  will  suffice  to  illustrate  the  principles 
involved. 

The  case  of  Moreland  vs.  Page  is,  probably,  the  most  notable  civil  action  on 
the  early  court  records  of  the  county.  Moreland  owned  a  quarter  section  of 
land  in  Section  4,  Colony  Township,  and  Page  owned  the  land  abutting  on  the 
north.  Both  parties  entered  their  lands  under  the  survey  of  1837,  but  the  lands 
in  .dispute  were  re-surveyed  by  Edward  James,  under  authority  of  the  Gen- 
eral Land  Office,  in  1852,  and  the  dividing  line  between  Moreland  and  Page 
was  made  to  fall  two  and  a  half  chains  south  of  the  original  line.  James  was 
unable  to  find  several  monuments  indicated  by  the  survey  of  1837,  and  that 
survey  was  characterized  by  both  the  Land  Office  and  the  Iowa  Supreme 
Court  as  imaginary  and  fraudulent.  Moreland  brought  action  to  recover  the 
land  sliced  off  by  the  second  survey,  which  was  commenced  April  8th,  1854. 
The  District  Court  found  for  Moreland,  but  Page  appealed  to  the  Supreme  Court, 
which  reversed  the  decision  of  the  court  below.  Judge  Isbell,  summing  up  for 
the  Supreme  Court,  said  the  lands  in  dispute  were  to  be  governed  by  the  rules 
applying  in  case  of  a  lost  survey,  wherein  course  and  distance  must  yield  to 
fixed  monuments,  that  all  ascertained  surrounding  monuments  must  have  their 
due  weight,  and  that  the  variations  from  the  old  survey  between  the  monuments 
must  be  evenly  distributed.  The  case  was  determined  at  the  December  term  of 
the  Supreme  Court,  1855,  at  Iowa  City.  The  case  was  afterward  appealed  to 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  but  was  dismissed  on  tlie  ground  that 
that  court  had  no  jurisdiction. 

There  were  thirty-five  cases  on  the  docket  at  the  June  term  of  the  District 
Court.  Four  of  these  were  indictments  for  selling  intoxicating  liquors  contrary 
to  law.  There  were  six  applications  for  divorce  from  six  suffering  mortals  who 
had  found  (or  thought  they  had)  the  burdens  of  matrimony  too  heavy  to  bear. 
These  were  J.  T.  Curtis,  Michael  Bratt,  Robert  Kennedy,  John  Cowles, 
Elizabeth  Michaels  and  James  B.  Henderson.  At  this  term,  D.  Baker  was 
District  Attorney,  and  among  the  lawyers  at  the  bar  were  A.  K.  Eaton,  J.  H. 
Peters,  Z.  A.  Wellman,  S.  R.  Peet  and  A.  E.  House,  beside  several  attorneys 
from  Dubuque,  among  whom  were  B.  M.  Samuels  and  Wm.  Vandever. 

At  the  August  election,  660  votes  were  polled  in  the  county.  For  Governor, 
James  W.  Grimes  had  a  majority  of  83  over  his  competitor,  Curtis  Bates. 

James  Robinson  entered  land  in  Township  88,  Range  6  (Prairie),  and  m  the 
following  year  John  S.  Barry  and  J.  F.  McKay  entered  land  in  the  same  town- 
Sept.  4,  Edwin  Adams,  a  native  of  England,  was  naturalized  by  the  County 
Court,  which  was  thought  by  some  to  have  been  an  illegal  act,  as  it  was  alleged 
that  the  County  Judge  transcended  his  authority. 

The  town  of  Greeley,  on  the  northwest  quarter  of  northeast  quarter  ot  bec- 
tion  29,  Township  90—5,  was  surveyed  August  28.  1854,  by J^-  ^-  ^°^f' 
Surveyor ;  Samuel  Lough,  proprietor.  Plat  recorded  February  24  1855.  Ihe 
first  post  office  at  Greeley  was  established  October  30,  1854,  and  was  called 
"  Plum  Spring."     The  name  of  the  office  was  changed  to  Greeley  m  18bd. 

Delaware  Center,  on  south  half  of  northeast  quarter,  Section  19,  lownship 
8«— 5,  was  laid  out  November,  1854 ;  John  Acers,  proprietor.  This  town  was 
generally  called  Acersville  by  the  people. 


390  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

Forestville,  on  northeast  quarter  of  Section  22,  90 — 6,  was  surveyed  by- 
Joel  Bailey,  April  4, 1854 ;  Daniel  Leonard  and  Sarah  A.  Leonard,  proprietors. 
Recorded  July  19,  1856.     The  Forestville  post  office  was  established  in  1851. 

On  Monday,  May  2,  1854,  delegates  from  the'  different  townships  met  at 
Delhi  to  appoint  delegates  to  the  Ship  Canal  Convention  at  Dubuque.  James 
Hardy  was  chosen  Chairman,  and  A.  E.  Martin,  Secretary.  The  following 
delegates  were  appointed  :  T.  H.  Bowen,  South  Fork  ;  Joseph  Grimes,  Colony; 
C.  Sanborn,  Oneida ;  S.  F.  Parker,  Delhi ;  L.  A.  Loomis,  Delaware,  and  Jesse 
B.  Bailey,  of  North  Fork. 

INCORPORATION  OF^ DELHI. 

In  1855,  Delhi,  the  county  seat,  was  a  thriving  village,  and  during  this 
and  the  next  year — in  fact,  until  the  Dubuque  &  Pacific  Railroad  was 
located,  and  it  was  certain  that  it  would  not  pass  through  the  capital  of  Dela- 
ware— Delhi  was  one  of  the  most  promising  towns  in  this  part  of  the  State. 
The  town  had  assumed  such  proportions,  and  its  future  was  so  promising  that 
early  in  January  the  citizens  "petitioned  the  County  Court  for  incorporatioUf 
The  Judge  ordered  an  election  to  be  held  on  the  15th,  to  determine  whether 
incorporation  was  desired  by  the  voters.  Wm.  F.  Tanner,  William  Phillips  and 
George  Sheldon  were  appointed  Judges  of  the  Election,  which  resulted  in  a 
unanimous  vote  in  favor  of  incorporation.  Another  election  was  ordered  to  be  held 
January  27th,  to  elect  five  persons  to  prepare  a  charter  or  articles  of  incorporation. 
Arial  K.  Eaton,  Samuel  F.  Parker,  James  Wright,  E.  K.  Griffin  and  Daniel 
Baker  were  elected,  who  prepared  the  charter,  which  was  submitted  and  ac- 
cepted by  the  people  at  a  meeting  held  February  28th.  Arial  K.  Eaton  was 
elected  Mayor,  succeeded  by  S.  G.  Van  Anda,  during  whose  term  of  office,  the 
town  organization  was  abandoned. 

February  7th,  Delaware  Township  was  divided  by  order  of  the  County  Court, 
and  Township  89  north,  Range  6  west,  was  "  set  off  into  a  separate  township  for 
political  purposes,  under  the  name  and  title  of  "  Coffin's  Grove,"  and  the  school 
house  in  Coffin's  Grove  was  designated  as  the  place  for  holding  elections,  and  war- 
rant issued  to  Clement  Coffin,  a  citizen  of  said  township,  according  to  law. 

February  19th,  Judge  Benson  resigned.  A.  K.  Eaton  was  acting  County 
Judge  until  April,  when  Frederick  B.  Doolittle  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy. 
The  town  of  Burrington  was  surveyed  in  the  Spring  of  1855.  The  survey 
commenced  in  1854,  I.  N.  Higbee,  Surveyor.  James  Dyer,  Ann  Dyer,  0.  P. 
Reeves,  Almeda  C.  Reeves,  proprietors,  relinquished  streets  and  alleys  according 
to  law,  February  25,  1856  ;  recorded  March  13,  1856.  The  first  hotel  built 
in  Burrington  was  the  old  Clarence  House,  in  1855,  by  Thomas  Toogood 
and  Francis  Bethell.  Several  other  buildings  were  erected  during  the  same 
year.     (See  Manchester). 

At  the  election,  April  2, 1855,  the  people  of  Delaware  voted  "  for  and  against 
the  Prohibitory  Liquor  Law,  approved  January  22, 1865.   The  vote  was  as  follows : 

Union 33  pok.        28  ao'st. 

Houth  Fork -. 7I  10 

Delhi 101  54 

North  Fork 35  18 

Colony 89  25 

Elk 66  8 

I 'old  water 27  7 

York 29  13 

Richland H  34 

Delaware 25  17 

Coffin's  Grove 24 1 

Total '.'..'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.  501  215 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  391 

Chelcy  (Chelsea),  a  part  of  Section  33,  Township  87  north.  Range  4,  was 
laid  out  April  25,  1855,  by  J.  A.  Marvin,  Surveyor ;  Robert  Hogg,  Lyman  D. 
Cross  and  John  A.  Squires,  proprietors.  It  never  throve,  and  the  site'  of  the 
town  now  yields  excellent  crops  of  corn.  > 

In  July,  1855,  Dr.  Albert  Boomer,  of  Delhi,  was  appointed  county  agent 
for  the  sale  of  spirituous  liquors,  He  entered  upon  and  discharged  his  duties, 
as  appears  of  record.  August  29th,  William  Cattron  was  appointed  liquor 
agent  and  $300  placed  in  his  hands  for  the  purchase  of  stock.  After  about 
three  months'  experience,  he  resigned  in  disgust,  as  sickness  among  men  and 
horses  increased  to  an  alarming  extent. 

The  brick  jbuilding  known  as  the  Harding  Hotel  was  erected  by  Charles 
Harding  in  1855-6. 

A  RAILROAD  STRANGLED. 

July  10,  .1855,  the  articles  of  incorporation  of  the  Delaware  County  & 
Pacific  Railroad  Company  were  filed  for  record.  The  corporators  were  Charles 
Harding,  Frederick  B.  Doolittle,  Arial  K.  Eaton,  John  W.  Clark,  Charles  W. 
Hobbs,  Zina  A.  Wellman,  James  Wright,  John  H.  Peters  and  John  H.  Porter, 
and  the  company  was  organized  for  the  purpose  of  "  constructing  a  railroad, 
commencing  at  the  east  line  of  Delaware  County,  thence  westerly  on  the  best 
route  through  the  town  of  Delhi  to  the  Pacific  Ocean." 

In  September,  Judge  Doolittle  ordered  an  election  to  be  held  on  the  22dday 
of  October,  to  see  if  the  people  of  the  county  would  vote  to  subscribe  for  $200,- 
000  of  the  stock  of  the  company,  and  issue  a  like  amount  of  county  bonds, 
bearing  interest,  not  to  exceed  eight  per  cent,  per  annum,  to  be  met  by  a  six 
mill  tax  annually.  This  tax  at  the  end  of  fifteen  years  to  be  increased  to  one 
per  cent.,  to  provide  for  the  payment  of  the  principal.  At  the  election,  October 
22,  the  people  emphatically  rejected  the  proposition  by  a  vote  of  708  to  260. 
The  vote  of  Delhi  was  190  in  favor  to  20  against.  Delaware,  Coffin's  Grove, 
Richland  and  Colony  voted  unanimously  against  the  proposition. 

September  29th,  the  County  Court  "ordered  and  decreed  that  Township  87 
N.,  Range  6  W.,  be  set  off  into  a  separate  township  for  political  purposes,  to  be 
called  "Adams,"  to  take  effect  on  the  first  Monday  of  April,  1856.  On  the 
same  day.  Townships  89  north,  Range  3,  and  89  north.  Range  4,  were  erected 
into  a  new  township  to  be  called  "Oneida,"  the  organization  to  take  effect  on 
the  1st  day  of  April,  1866. 

THE  RAILROAD  QUESTION. 

The  railroad  question  had  now  become  one  of  absorbing  interest  to  the  peo- 
ple of  the  county,  and  during  this  and  the  next  year,  created  much  excitement 
and  not  a  little  ill  feeling.  Delhi  was  a  lively,  thrifty  town,  one  of  the  important 
•  points  and  stopping  places  on  the  great  stage  road  from  Dubuque  westward. 
Business  was  lively,  money  was  plenty  and  everybody  was  prosperous.  Ot 
course,  the  enterprising  citizens  of  the  county  seat  understood  that  if  the  pro- 
jected railroad  should  not  pass  through  Delhi,  it  would  be  necessarily  tatal  to 
their  continued  prosperity  and  they  would  have  nothing  left  save  their  Court 
House  and  jail,  but,  singularly  enough,  for  a  time  they  did  not  seem  to  compre- 
hend the  possibility  of  such  an  event.  They  appeared  to  think  that  a  railroad 
through  Delaware  without  Delhi,  was  like  the  play  of  Hamlet  with  Hamlet  lett 
out,  and  they  did  not  awake  from  their  delusion  until  it  was  too  late,  it  is  saia 
that  a  committee  of  citizens  of  Delhi,  of  which  Charles  Harding  was  one,  went 


392  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY 

to  Dyersville  to  confer  with  the  railroad  officials  in  relation  to  the  matter.  ,  The 
location  of  the  road  had  then  been  definitely  determined  from  Dubuque  to 
Dyersville,  but  beyond  that  it  was  said  that  the  question  was  still  an  open  one, 
and  it  is  also  said  that  Delhi  might  still  haye  secured  the  road  by  a  liberal  dona- 
tion. Judge  Doolittle  states  that  they  offered  $50,000,  but  that  this  was  not 
considered  sufficient  and  they  could  do  no  more.  It  is  said,  however,  that,  at 
the  conference  above  mentioned,  when  they  found  that  the  road  was  perma- 
nently located  to  Dyersville,  Mr.  Harding  and  his  associates  coolly  informed  the 
officers  of  the  road  that  "  if  Delhi  couldn't  have  a  railroad  without  having  it 
from  Dyersville,  Delhi  didn't  want  it  at  all."  It  does  not  seem  possible  that 
business  men  could  take  such  a  view  of  the  matter,  and  yet  it  is  gravely  asserted 
that  such  was  the  position  of  the  Delhi  committee.  Whether  true  or  not,  the 
people  of  Delhi  soon  discovered  that  their  town  was  not  to  be  on  the  line  of  the 
road,  and  during  the  Winter  of  1855-56,  a  delegation  of  its  citizens  were  in 
attendance  upon  the  Legislature  endeavoring  to  prevent  the  Federal  grant  of 
lands  to  the  State  to  aid  in  the  construction  of  the  road  from  being  turned  over 
to  the  company  by  the  State,  unless  the  contemplated  act  should  provide  that 
Delhi  and  some  other  important  towns  should  be  stations  on  the  road.  The 
lobby  agent  of  the  road,  however,  defeated  their  efforts  and  Delhi  and  its  pros- 
pects received  a  blow  from  which  it  has  never  recovered,  although  the  completion 
of  the  Davenport  &  St.  Paul  Railroad  to  this  point  in  1872  has  aided  it  some- 
what and  is  an  important  element  in  retaining  the  county  seat  at  that  point. 

The  Delaware  Agricultural  Society  was  incorporated  at  Delhi  in  1855,  and 
held  annual  fairs  for  several  years,  until  the  war,  commencing  in  1861,  inter- 
rupted its  operations. 

BROOM  CORN. 

In  1855,  James  H.  Bowen,  then  of  Albany,  New  York,  marked  out  Iowa 
as  a  locality  for  raising  broom  corn  equal  to  the  Mohawk  flats,  and  in  that  be- 
lief, secured  the  services  of  Samuel  Dickerson,  of  Schoharie  County,  New  York, 
to  inaugurate  the  business  on  his  tract  of  land  near  Hopkinton.  He  procured 
the  best  machinery  that  could  be  found,  including  the  "Emery  Horse  Power," 
for  scraping,  and  sent  the  requisite  seed  at  once.  The  first  crop  was  raised  in 
1856,  and  worked  up  the  Fall  and  Winter  following.  Mr.  Crosby  began  about 
the  same  time,  in  the  northern  part  of  the  county,  in  the  same  business.  Mr. 
Bowen  continued  cultivating  brush  and  manufacturing  until  1859,  when 
Thomas  Cearnes  embarked  in  it.  In  the  meantime,  Mr.  John  Tower,  an 
experienced  manufacturer,  had  been  employed  by  Mr.  Bowen,  and  from  him 
Messrs.  McLeod,  Phillips,  Willard,  Fields  and  some  others  learned  the  art  of 
making  brooms. 

In  March,  1856,  S.  P.  Mosher  and  others  petitioned  the  County  Court  for 
the  erection  of  a  new  township,  to  be  composed  of  Congressional  Townships  88, 
Range  5,  and  88,  Range  6,  and  to  be  called  Pleasant  Valley.  The  Judge 
granted  the  request,  but  thought  the  name  "  Milo  "  would  suit  the  people  better 
than  the  name  they  asked  for,  and  so  ordered. 

MURDER  IN  DELHI. 

On  the  10th  of  March,  1866,  murder  flashed  its  red  hand  in  Delhi.  It 
was  the  result  of  professional  jealousy  between  physicians  and  the  ungovernable 
passions  growing  out  of  it.  Drs.  C.  C.  Sharp  and  Joshua  F.  Stout  were  prac- 
ticing physicians  of    Delhi.      A   condition  of  acrimonious  bitterness   existed 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  39S 

between  them,  especially  on  the  part  of  Sharp,  who  apparently  cherished  a  vin- 
dictive animosity  against  his  professional  rival,  which  culminated  in  a  fatal 
assault  on  the  10th.  Dr.  Sharp  entered  the  store  of  Edmund  Davis,  where  Dr. 
Stout  was  sitting  quietly,  and,  after  some  very  abusive  language  addressed  to 
his  rival,  stabbed  him  twice  in  the  chest  with  a  dirk  knife.  Stout  died  on  the- 
16th  from  the  effects  of  his  wounds.  Sharp  was  arrested  on  the  19th,  by  Dep- 
uty Sheriff  S.  F.  Parker,  on  complaint  of  Dr.  Acers,  Stout's  brother-in-law. 
The  murderer  was  tried,  convicted  and  sentenced  tpthe  penitentiary,  from  which 
he  afterward  escaped  and  fled  to  Tennessee.  Sheriff  Parker  followed  and  dis- 
covered him,  obtained  a  requisition  upon  Gov.  Andrew  Johnson,  of  Tennessee, 
who  granted  the  necessary  papers,  arrested  the  fugitive  and  returned  him  to  his 
quarters.     Subsequently,  Sharp  was  pardoned  by  Gov.  Grimes. 

A  post  office  was  established  at  Burrington,  April  8,  1856,  but  the  Post- 
master General  refused  to  call  it  Burrington,  because  that  would  be  so  nearly 
like  Burlington,  and  at  the  instance  of  Judge  Dyer  it  was  called  Manchester. 
0.  P.  Reeves  was  appointed  Postmaster. 

May  7, 1856,  J.  A.  Marvin,  a  school  teacher,  at  Rockville,  had  some  trouble 
with  one  of  his  pupils,  a  stout,  muscular  young  lady,  who  imagined  she  could 
manage  the  school  for  him  better  than  he  could  do  it  himself  She  thought  she 
Gould  manage  him,  also,  and  undertook  to  "thrash"  him  or  turn  him  out,  but 
was  worsted  and  was  whipped  herself.  She  entered  complaint  against  him  for 
assault  and  battery  and  he  was  arrested,  tried,  convicted  and  fined,  but  was  com- 
mitted, as  he  preferred  the  jail  rather  than  to  pay  his  fine.  He  made  applica- 
tion for  a  writ  of  habeas  corpus,  but  was  denied  by  the  County  Court  and 
finally  concluded  to  pay  his  fine. 

In  the  Spring  of  1856,  several  Congregational  families,  among  whom  were 
Rev.  J.  H.  Kasson,  Rev.  H.  N.  Gates,  Daniel  B.  Noble,  L.  0.  Stevens  and 
E.  W.  Dunham,  located  a  settlement,  called  the  Stafford  Colony,  on  and  near 
-  Section  11,  Township  89,  Range  4,  and  called  it  Almoral  (see  Almoral). 

The  Dubuque  &  Pacific  Railroad  was  completed  to  the  east  line  of  the  county, 
at  Dyersville,  ip  1856,  by  Magill  &  Co.,  contractors,  and  was  of  great  advantage 
to  the  people,  whose  market  for  grain  and  stock  was  brought  thirty  miles  nearer 
than  Dubuque.  This  was  a  year  of  great  prosperity,  not  only  in  Delaware,  but 
everywhere  throughout  the  Great  West.  The  heavy  immigration  of  1854  and 
'55,  which  still  continued,  created  an  excellent  home  market  for  all  kinds  of 
produce,  and  the  hardy  pioneers,  who  had  paved  the  way  for  all  this  prosperity, 
were  beginning  to  receive  some  reward  for  their  years  of  toil  and  privation. 
Money  was  plenty,  labor  was  in  active  demand  at  good  prices,  towns  were  grow- 
ing, farms  improving  and  even  beggars  were  getting  rich.  During  these  years 
of  flush  times  and  business    activity,  three-fourths  of   the  land  in  Delaware 

was  entered.  •,  .     twt         i        t  i,     u 

At  the  August  election,  891  votes  were  polled  and  in  November,  John  H. 
Peters  was  elected  a  Delegate  to  the  Third  Constitutional  Convention  from  the 
counties  of  Delaware  and  Dubuque.  piQCG7iv/r. 

When  the  railroad  was  completed  to  Dyersville  m  the  Winter  of^l85b-7,M 
0.  Walker,  the  proprietor  of  the  Northwestern  Stage  Line  from  Dubuque  to  bt 
Paul,  commenced  running  from  Dyersville,  via  Burrington  and  Eorestv.lle,  to 
Stra;berry  Point,  West  Union,  etc.      The  Western   Mail  Stage   Company 
running   a   line    of  mail  and   passenger  cOaches  from  Dubuque  via  Rockville 
Delhi,   Bailey's  Ford,   Coffin's  Grove  to  Quasqueton   and  Independence,   also 
changed  the  eastern  terminus   of  its  line  from   Dubuque  to  pyersville.     ihis 
company  had  previously  promised  the  people  at  Burrington,  that  it  would  put  a, 


394  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

stage  line  from  Dyersville  via  Burrington  direct  to  Independence,  over  a  more 
direct  route  than  the  mail  stages  were  compelled  to  travel,  but  the  promise  was 
not  fulfilled.  During  the  Winter,  through  the  influence  of  Judge  Dyer  and 
otherj,  and  the  active  efforts  of  the  leading  men  at  Burrington,  parties  at  Dyers- 
ville  and  Independence  were  induced  to  organize  a  new  stage  company,  and  in 
the  Spring  of  1857,  the  "  People's  Line  "  of  stages  commenced  running  from 
Dyersville  to  Independence  by  way  of  Burrington ;  the  people  along  the  line 
volunteered  to  make  the  way  passable,  by  filling  up  or  bridging  the  sloughs, 
etc.  The  new  line  at  once  drew  the  travel  from  the  old  mail  route  through 
Delhi,  and  very  soon  the  Western  Stage  Company  withdrew  its  coaches  from 
that  route  and  placed  them  on  the  Burrington  road-  to  run  in  opposition  to 
the  "  People's  Line,"  and  transported  the  mail  over  the  mail  route  by  single 
wagons.  The  "  People's  Line  "  run  about  a  year  and  suspended,  and  soon  after- 
ward, the  completion  of  the  railroad  sent  stage  coaches  into  permanent  retire- 
ment, although  the  Northwestern  Stage  Line  made  Manchester  its  southeastern 
terminus  for  some  time  after. 

March  2,  1857,  Congressional  Township  87  north,  Range  5,  was  set  apart 
as  a  township  for  political  purposes  and  called  Hazel  Green. 

At  the  April  election,  the  question  of  licensing  the  sale  of  spirituous  or 
'  intoxicating  liquors  was  submitted  to  the  people.     The  majority  against  the 
measure  was  443. 

The  town  of  York,  located  on  northwest  quarter  of  northeast  quarter,  and 
northeast  quarter  of  northwest  quarter  of  Section  9,  Township  90  north.  Range 
5  W.,  was  laid  out  by  Geo.  W.  Stewart  and  Clarissa  M.  Stewart,  proprietors  ;  W. 
R.  Stewart,  surveyor,  May,  1857. 

Nottingham  (Earlville),  on  Sections  85  and  36,  Township  89  north.  Range 
4  W.,  was  laid  out  October,  1857,  by  the  Iowa  Land  Company — R.  B.  Mason, 
President.  Plat  filed  October  22,  and  approved  for  record  in  December.  The 
post  office  at  Nottingham  is  called  Earlville,  and  there  appears  to  have  been  an 
effort  to  change  the  name  of  the  town  to  correspond,  although  no  record  appears, 
but  in  1861,  by  order  of  Judge  Bailey,  the  name  was  changed  again  to  Not- 
tingham. 

Almoral,  on  Section  11,  Township  89  north,  Range  4  W.,  was  laid  out  Novem- 
ber 23,  1857;  James  H.  Kasson  and  Mary  S.  Kasson,  proprietors;  F.  W. 
Dunham,  surveyor. 

The  Delhi  Seminary  filed  articles  of  incorporation  for  record  June  8,  1857. 
The  corporators  were  James  Wright,  Z.  A.  Wellman,  F.  B.  Doolittle,  Albert 
Boomer,  John  Porter,  Andrew  Stone,  B.  Thorpe,  W.  R.  Cox,  E.  A.  Gilmore, 
Lewis  Beal,  J.  H.  Spellman,  E.  C.  Taylor,  Elisha  Brady  and  James  M.  Noble. 

The  Almoral  Institute,  corporators,  J.  H.  Kasson,  L.  0.  Stevens,  Joseph 
Dunham,  W.  G.  Strickland,  H.  N.  Gates,  Elijah  Gates,  John  A.  G.  Cattron 
and  David  Roland ;  articles  of  incorporation  filed  for  record  December  1,  1857. 
Limited  to  twenty  years. 

June  30,  1857,  the  Great  Northwest  Railway  Company  filed  a  petition  in 
the  County  Court,  asking  that  an  election  be  ordered  to  see  if  the  county  would 
vote  to  aid  in  the  construction  of  that  road  across  the  county.  This  was  a 
company  originating  at  Delhi,  growing  out  of  the  Delaware  &  Pacific  scheme,  it 
is  said,  for  the  purpose  of  throttling  the  Dubuque  &  Pacific  Road,  which  had  left 
Delhi  out  in  the  cold.  The  idea  of  the  bold  projectors  of  the  scheme  appears 
to  have  been  to  make  Galena,  111.,  the  eastern  terminus,  thence  by  way  of  Tete 
de  Morts  and  crossing  Delaware  from  near  its  southeast  corner  to  the  northwest, 
passing  within  three-fourths   of  a  mile  of  Delhi.     Mr.  Ayers,  in  his  "Early 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  395 

Times,"  remarks:  "It  would  have  saved  Galena  the  pre-eminence  it  then 
enjoyed,  if  its  people  had  taken  hold  of  the  project."  This  company  asked  that 
the  county  loan  its  credit  for  $250,000  to  aid  in  constructing  the  line  across  its 
territory.  The  County  Judge,  Doolittle,  ordered  an  election  to  be  held  on  the 
first  Monday  in  August  at  the  general  election,  upon  the  following  issue : 

Will  the  county  of  Delaware  loan  the  credit  of  said  county  to  the  Great  Northwestern  Rail- 
road (Company  to  the  amount  of  $250,000,  by  issuing  and  delivering  county  bonds  of  said  county 
to  this  amount  to  said  railroad  company,  for  the  purpose  of  aiding  in  the  construction  of  that 
portion  of  said  road  which  shall  be  located  through  the  county  aforesaid  ? 

At  the  election,  the  township  of  Delhi  voted  in  favor  of  the  proposition 
244  to  1,  and  Delaware  went  the  other  way  118  to  13.  The  measure  was 
defeated  in  the  county,  however,  the  total  vote  being  791  against  to  657  for. 

New  Qounty  Building. — The  county  was  now  sadly  in  need  of  more  room 
for  its  officers.  The  Court  House,  while  it  had  served  and  still  served  all  the 
purposes  of  court  room  and  jail  as  well,  perhaps,  as  a  more  expensive  structure, 
was  entirely  too  small  to  afford  proper  accommodations  for  its  officials,  and  it 
was  found  absolutely  necessary  to  make  provision  for  them.  Judge  Doolittle 
therefore  provided  for  the  erection  of  a  substantial  two-story  brick  building  on 
the  northeast  corner  of  the  Court  House  Square,  at  a  contract  price  of  $5,000. 
The  building  was  erected,  but  the  roof  was  not  put  on  when  Judge  Doolittle 
went  out  of  office,  and  it  was  finished  by  his  successor,  who  paid  but  little  atten- 
tion to  the  work,  and  the  roof  was  such  a  "  botched  "  job  that  the  next  year  it 
became  necessary  to  remove  it  and  construct  a  new  one.  The  building  contains 
four  large  rooms.  The  Clerk  of  the  Court  and  the  Treasurer  occupy  the  lower 
floor,  and  the  Auditor  and  Recorder  the  second  story.  Its  style  of  architec- 
ture is  unique  and  antiquated,  bearing  some  faint  resemblance  to  the  castellated 
battlements  of  feudal  ages,  without,  however,  possessing  any  of  their  beauty  or 
grandeur.  It,  however,  serves  the  purpose  for  which  it  was  designed,  and  with 
its  floor  covered  with  sheet  iron,  is  just  as  good,  practically,  as  a  more  imposing 
structure  with  marble  floors. 

July  6, 1857,  Congressional  Township  89  north,  Range  3  W.,  was  established 
as  a  political  township  and  called  Bremen,  and  George  W.  Harper,  Constable, 
posted  and  served  the  notices  of  the  court. 

At  the  general  election  in  August,  1874,  votes  were  polled,  showing  a  rapid 
increase  of  population. 

If  Delhi  had  passed  the  zenith  of  its  prosperity  and  commenced  its  decline, 
Burrington,  now  Manchester,  began  to  manifest  symptoms  of  the  growth  since 
realized.  Projected  originally  on  "  fog,"  as  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  the 
town  expressively  terms  it,  as  many  of  the  western  towns  were  projected  about 
that  time,  the  certainty  that  the  Dubuque  &  Pacific  Railroad  would  pass  near 
or  through  it  gave  the  town  a  substantial  basis,  and  at  the  close  of  the  year 
1857  there  were  fifteen  or  twenty  buildings  in  the  little  village. 

The  gigantic  bubble  of  speculation,  which,  as  has  been  seen,  inflated  so  rap- 
idly in  1855-56,  suddenly  burst  and  collapsed  in  1857.  The  fadure  of  the 
Ohio  Life  and  Trust  Company  in  August  of  that  year  was  the  first  crash  that  her- 
alded the  coming  financial  panic,  and  in  three  weeks  from  that  time  the  most  ot 
the  banks  had  closed  and  everybody  became  as  timid  and  frightened  as  they  liaa 
been  bold  and  confident  before.  All  financial  confidence  was  gone,  bpecie 
disappeared  and  bank  notes  depreciated  and  were  driven  home.  I  he  lite  blooa 
of  the  nation,  its  circulating  medium  of  exchange,  had  ceased  to  circulate  and 
universal  disaster  and  ruin  followed.  Numerous  merchants  and  dealers  in  l^eia- 
ware  were  forced  to  yield  to  the  storm  and  were  closed  out  by  their  creditors. 


396  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

The  harvests  of  Delaware  were  bounteous.  ,  The  farmers  had  good  crops  of 
grain,  but  the  dealers  had  no  money  and  they  could  not  sell  it,  and  it  was 
almost  impossible  for  them  to  obtain  money  enough  to  pay  their  taxes.  It  was 
not  easy  to  exchange  wheat  for  groceries  even  at  fifty  cents  a  bnshel.  The 
groceryman  had  his  goods  to  pay  for,  wheat  was  not  legal  tender  and  he  could 
sell  it  no  better  than  the  farmer.  Other  products  of  the  farm  were  equally 
unsalable,  and  the  farmer's  wife  was  compelled  to  give  two  pounds  of  butter 
for  a  yard  of  calico.  With  the  disappearance  of  specie,  dealers  who  were  able 
to  keep  their  own  heads  above  water  partially  supplied  the  local  necessity  for 
some  convenient  medium  of  exchange  by  issuing  tokens  of  their  own  credit  for 
small  amounts,  redeemable  in  goods,  or  cash,  on  presentation  in  sums  of  five  dol- 
lars. Wood  was  worth  $2.00  a  cord  and  pork  sold  for  fl.75  per  cwt.  in  Man- 
chester, twenty  years  ago.  To  illustrate  the  scarcity  of  currency,  it  is  said 
that  T.  H.  Bowen  paid  ,10  her  cent,  for  New  York  exchange. 

The  Winter  of  185t^58kis  remembered  for  its  deep  snows  andj^ld  weather. 
From  the  1st  day  of  December,  185'y  until  late  in  March,  185a(  more  than 
two  feet  of  snow  covered  the  ground,  in  marked  contrast  with  wie  Winter  of 
1877-78,  when  the  ground  was  hardly  covered  with  snow  at  any  time.  In 
January,  18587  a  few  sunny  days  and  freezing  nights  covered  the  surface  of  the 
snow  with  a  thick  crust  of  ice,  strong  enough  to  bear  a  man,  but  the  sharp 
hoofs  of  the  deer  would  cut  through  it,  and  these  animals  were  frequently  killed 
at  short  range  in  the  northern  .part  of  the  county  during  that  Winter. 
They  could  not  run  and  were  easily  approached.  During  this  Winter,  one 
Monday  morning,  Mr.  — — —  Shultz,  living  in  Richland  Township,  went  to 
visit  Frederick  Preussner,  who  lived  about  a  mile  away.  Toward  night,  Shultz's 
son  also  went  to  Preussner's,  probably  to  accompany  his  father  home,  and  it 
being  a  mild  day,  he  went  without  his  coat.  Before  they  started  for  home, 
night  had  fallen,  snow  commenced  falling  and  the  storm  became  so  severe  that 
they  lost  their  way.  The  next  morning,  as  they  had  not  reached  home,  Mr. 
Shultz's  other  sons  went  to  Preussner's  to  inquire  for  their  missing  father  and 
brother,  hoping  to  find  them  there.  The  storm  continued  with  unabated  severity 
nearly  all  day,  and  it  was  nearly  night  before  the  neighboring  settlers  could  be 
notified.  Search  was  made,  and  on  Wednesday  morning  the  boy  was  found  dead, 
about  a  mile  southeast  of  Preussner's.  He  had  his  father's  coat  on.  The 
father,  in  his  paternal  aff'ection  for  his  sufi'ering  child,  who  had  left  home  with- 
out a  coat,  had  taken  ofi'  his  own  that  his  son  might  be  protected.  Shultz  was 
not  found  until  Friday,  when  his  frozen  body  was  discovered  a  short  distance 
north  of  Aaron  Sullivan's,  in  Cofiin's  Grove  Township.  The  searching  party 
found,  upon  tracking  him,  that  probably  during  the  first  night  he  had  passed 
within  a  few  rods  of  his  own  door. 

The  Dubuque  &  Pacific  Railroad  was  completed  to  Nottingham,  and  the 
first  train  ran  to  that  point  December  10,  1857,  and  that  town  was  the  western 
terminus  of  the  road  for  about  two  years. 

The  first  Sabbath  school  in  Adams  Township  was  organized  in  1857,  at  the 
log  school  house  near  James  Robinson's  residence. 

In  1857,  the  Dubuque  &  Southwestern  Railroad  was  surveyed,  and  the 
present  site  of  Sand  Spring  wa,s  selected  for  a  station.  Asa  C.  Bowen  sold  to 
the  Company  the  undivided  half  of  his  farm  for  a  town  site,  and  three  buildings 
were  put  up  that  Fall. 

Sand  Spring,  located  on  Sections  27  and  28,  Township  87,  Range  3,  was 
laid  out  March  26,  1858,  Truman  H.  Bowen  and  Lucius  H.  Langworthy,  pro- 
prietors, and  the  new  town  was  designated  as  a  station  on  the  Dubuque  & 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNT-J.  397 

Southwestern  Railroad,  which  was  built  to  within  two  miles  of  the  town  the 
following  Autumn  and  completed  through  the  county  in  the  Spring  of  1859, 
The  town  received  its  name  from  a  large  spring  of  water  in  the  sand  in  the 
town. 

March  3,  1858,  on  petition  of  John  S.  Barry  and  others,  the  County  Court 
seD  off  Congressional  Township  88,  Range  6,  as  a  political  township  and  named 
it  "Prairie."  September  13,  on  petition  of  T.  Crosby  and  others,  the  six 
southern  sections  of  Coldwater,  being  the  northern  tier  of  sections  in  Township 
89,  Range  5,  were  annexed  to  Delaware.  September  16,  on  petition  of  George 
W.  Stewart  and  0.  S.  Boggs,  the  townships  of  Coldwater  and  York  were  united 
and  the  new  township  was  named  "  Honey  Creek."  The  election  was  ordered 
to  be  held  at  the  house  of  Caspar  Dunham,  who  is  remembered  by  the  early 
settlers  as  a  pump  maker.  Dunham  failed  in  business  and  removed  to  Oregon 
prior  to  1860,  where  he  was,  for  a  time.  Secretary  of  State. 

Manchester,  including  within  its  limits  the  town  of  Burrington,  which  now 
ceased  to  exist,  was  laid  out  by  the  Iowa  Land  Company,  R.  B.  Mason,  Presi- 
dent, and  H.  D.  Kingsbury,  Secretary,  and  plat  approved  and  recorded  March . 
20,  1858.  The  town  was  named  in  honor  of  Manchester,  England,  by  James 
Dyer,  who  was  a  native  of  England,  two  years  before,  when  the  post  office  was 
established  and  called  Manchester.  - 

Masonville,  on  the  line  of  the  railroad,  on  the  northeast  quarter  of  Section 
31,  Township  89,  Range  6  (Coffin's  Grove),  was  laid  out  by  Francis  Daniels 
and  Iowa  Land  Company,  J.  P.  Parley,  President,  plat  recorded  July  1,  1858. 
Named  in  honor  of  R.  B.  Mason,  the  then  late  President  of  the  Iowa  Land 
Company. 

Millheim,  on  the  southeast  quarter  of  northeast  quarter  of  Section  3,  Town- 
89,  Range  5  (Delaware),  was  surveyed  July  21,  1858,  by  W.  R.  Stewart,  John 
Kaltenbach  and  Maria  Kaltenbach,  proprietors.  This  town  started  on  "fog," 
as  Burrington  was,  held  its  own  and  never  realized  the  hopes  of  its  sanguine 
founders.  It  was  named  by  Mr.  Kaltenbach  in  honor  of  his  native  town  in 
Baden,  Germany.     It  is  sometimes  called  Dutchtown. 

Hartwick,  about  two  miles  southwest  of  Delhi,  on  the  northwest  corner  of 
Section  30,  in  a  bend  of  the  Maquoketa,  was  laid  out  in  December,  1858,  John 
W.  Clark  and  Miriam  Clark,  proprietors. 

One  morning  during  the  Winter  of  1857-8,  Mr. Kellogg,  jailer  at 

Delhi,  was  found  dead  in  his  bed,  having  been  brained  with  an  axe.  The  mur- 
der was  committed,  as  shown  in  evidence,  about  3  o'clock  m  the  mornmg. 
Mrs.  Kellogg  was  arrested  for  the  crime,  but  the  evidence  agamst  her  was  so 
slight  that  she  was  not  indicted. 

Silver  Lake,  the  pride  of  Delhi,  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water  nearly  two  miles 
in  circumference,  when  it  was  meandered  by  Mr.  Bailey  in  1837,  suddenly  dis- 
appeared in  May,  1858,  much  to  the  surprise  and  chagrin  of  the  good  people  ot 
the  town.  At  the  lower  end  of  the  lake,  the  prairie  sloped  to  the  southward 
from  the  shore  or  beach,  which  operated  as  a  natural  dam,  holding  the  waters  ot 
the  lake,  which  was  fed  by  springs.  In  May,  the  water  was  unusually  high, 
overflowed  the  beach  and  soon  cut  a  wide,  deep  channel  through. the  sandy  soil, 
through  which  the  lake  was  entirely  drained,  leaving  only  a  tmy  spring  rivulet 
running  through  its  former  bed.  A  dam  was  immediately  constructed  and  the 
lake  was  restored,  but  in  January,  1863  this  was  washed  out  not  having  been 
properly  built.  This  was  replaced  by  another,  and  the  lake  remained  until 
Nov.  10,  1867,  when  the  dam  again  went  out,  and  the  lake  disappeared  for  the 
third  time.  The  dam  was  not  rebuilt  for  several  years,  and  the  lake  bed  attorded 


398  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

fine  pasturage  for  cattle  until  1872,  when  another  dam  was  built  and  the  lake 
again  restored  as  it  now  (1878)  appears. 

The  rate  of  taxation  for  all  purposes  for  the  year  1858  was  fixed  at  nine 
mills.  i 

Celebration  at  Manchester.— In  185»,  the  citizens  of  Manchester  celebrated 
the  anniversary  of  National  Independence  in  grand  style.  They  had  made 
great  preparations  for  the  event  and  invited  the  people  of  the  whole  county  to 
participate.  An  elaborate  programme  was  prepared,  Judge  Cooley,  of  Dubuque, 
was  to  deliver  the  oration  and  flaming  hand  bills  were  sent  throughout  the 
county.  It  was  such  a  big  blow  for  so  small  a  town  that  a  wag  of  Manchester, 
with  a  keen  perception  of  the  ludicrous,  prepared  a  burlesque  programme,  had 
it  printed  and  on  the  morning  of  the  Fifth,  the  citizens  woke  to  find  the  town 
thoroughly  "  billed."  A  tattered  copy  of  the  document,  which  became  the  fear 
ture  of  that  occasion,  was  preserved  and  following  is  a  copy  of  it : 

HURRAH  FOR  THE  WHITE  RED  AND  BLUE ! 


GREAT  EXCITEMENT   IN   MANCHESTER! 


The  second  annual  anniversary  of  the  lack  of  independence  under  the  tyranny  of  Jim  Buchanan 
will  be  celebrated  in  Manchester,  in  an  aifecting  manner. 


ORDER  OF  EXERCISES.      " 

The  day  will  be  ushered  in  by  the  sun  rising  in  the  east,  as  usual.  After  the  the  day  is  dead 
broke,  the  services  will  be  oontinLied  by  the  firing  of  thirteen  crackers,  to  represent  the  thirteen 
original  States,  after  which  the  people  will  form  a  procession,  headed  by  the  Mayor,  President 
and  Vice  President  of  the  day,  Soldiers  of  1812.  immediately  succeeded  by  the  regular  elect  aris- 
tocracy of  the  town,  followed  by  the  military,  fire  and  other  companies,  citizens,  Town  Stock, 
etc.,  of  Manchester,  under  the  direction  of  the  Basswood  Lumber  Dealer,facting  as  Marshal  of  the 
day.  The  rabble  will  then  trot  up  street  Franklin,  until  they  arrive  at  the  speakers'  stand, 
where  a  live  whang  doodle  will  bore  the  concourse  till  satisfied.  All  will  feel  patriotic.  Powder 
will  be  burned  and  blood  spilled,  if  necessary.  No  expense  will  be  spared  to  make  it  a  day  long 
to  be  remembered — a  day  not  soon  to  be  forgotten — a  glorious  day — a  huge  old  day — in  fact,  a 
considerable  day.  Nourishment  will  be  furnished  in  abundance  to  refresh  the  inner  man,  con- 
sisting of  regular  and  voluntary  toasts,  raw  Dutch  and  Irishmen,  whisky  pickled  Yankees,  &o. 

A  Live  Ox  Will  Go  Up  in  a  Balloon  in  the  Afternoon. 

In  case  all  do  not  feel  particularly  glorious  and  patriotic,  let  it  be  remembered  that  the  liquor 
dealers  in  town  have  contracted  to  make  the  channel  of  the  Maquoketa  River  run  pure  whisky, 
warranted  a  dead  shot  at  80  rods.  There  will  be  a  splendid  display  of  Fire  Works  in  the 
evening,  consisting  of  Roman  Caudles,  Tallow  Candles,  Oil  Lamps,  Fluid  Lamps,  Fire  Flies, 
&c.,  &c. 

Distinguished  speakers  from  Delhi,  Acerville  and  Nottingham  will  be  invited. 

RULES  OF  ORDER. 

It  will  be  expected  that  ladies  will  appear  defended  by  Cotton  Breast  Works,  for  fear  of  ex- 
plosions. It  will  be  considered  a  breach  of  Manchester  etiquette  for  ladies  and  gentlemen  to 
be  seen  together.     On  account  of  the  timid,  no  more  crackers  will  be  let  off  during  the  day. 

Come  one  and  all  and  help  to  commemorate  the  glorious  5th  in  this  land  of  liberty, 

Where  the  Star  Bangled  Spanner  triumphantly  waves. 
And  the  ladies  wear  hogsheads  minus  the  staves. 

Admittance  to  the  incorporation  of  Manchester,  2^  cents. 
Children  under  ten  feet,  half  price. 

By  Ordek  op  Committee. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  399 

When  Judge  Cooley  rose  to  deliver  his  address,  he  carried  his  audience  by 
storm,  by  a  felicitous  allusion  to  the  sensation  of  the  day  and  by  good-humoredly 
remarking  that  his  hearers  would  now  have  an  opportunity  of  listening  to  a 
"live  "Whang  Doodle."  After  the  applause  had  subsided,  he  proceeded  to  pro- 
nounce a  most  able  and  eloquent  oration.  The  occasion  will  never  be  forgotten 
by  those  who  participated  the  celebration  twenty  years  ago. 

September  1,  1858,  the  people  of  Sand  Spring,  Hopkinton  and  vicinity 
celebrated  the  laying  of  the  first  Atlantic  cable,  at  Sand  Spring,  with  Dr. 
Roberts,  of  Hopkinton,  Dr.  Gage  and  T.  H.  Bowen,  of  Sand  Spring,  for 
orators. 

A  lodge  of  the  order  of  "  Thousand  and  One"  was  established  at  Delhi  in 

1858,  L.  N.  Ingalls  being  mainly  instrumental  in  founding  it.  Many  citizens  of 
the  county  were  taught  therein  "to  see  themselves  as  others  see  them,"  and  the 
fun  is  now  confessed  to  been  huge  and  uproarous.  Andrew  Stone,  it  is  said, 
after  receiving  his  degree,  begged,  with  tears  in  his  eyes,  to  be  kicked  down 
stairs. 

In  the  Winter  of  1858-9,  the  citizens  of  the  county  contributed  a  consid- 
erable sum  of  money  to  assist  the  people  of  Kansas,  who  had  lost  their  crop  the 
previous  Summer  by  the  ravages  of  grasshoppers. 

In  May,  1859,  a  citizen  of  Manchester  lost  a  span  of  horses — supposed  to  have 
been  stolen — ^and  offered  a  reward  for  their  recovery.  A  man  named  Carl  found 
the  animals  below  the  town  and  brought  him  to  his  owner.  Some  of  the 
citizens  arrived  at  the  hasty  conclusion  that  Carl  was  the  thief.  A  few  evenings 
afterward,  he  was  seized  by  half  a  dozen  men,  carried  to  Allen  Love's  grove, 
when  a  rope  was  put  around  his  neck,  thrown  over  a  limb  of  a  tree,  and  he  was 
drawn  up  several  times  to  make  him  confess  to  the  theft.  He  was  roughly  and 
cruelly  treated,  but  steadily  affirmed  his  innocence.  The  lynchers,  becoming 
convinced  of  the  truth  of  his  assertions,  released  him  Carl  afterward  enlisted 
in  the  21st  Infantry,  and  introduced  himself  to  Col.  Van  Anda  as  the  man  who 
was  hung  at  Manchester  for  horse  stealing. 

Prairie  Township  was  organized  in  1859,  and  at  the  October  election  20 
votes  were  polled. 

The  first  Sabbath  school  in  Prairie  Township  was  established  in  May,  1859, 
at  the  house  of  Thomas  Hillier.  John  Nethercut  was  Superintendent.  Among 
the  teachers  were  Mrs.  T.  A.  Farrington,  Mrs.  R.  M.  Matsell,  Mrs.  Nora 
McCloud  and  Mrs.  Thomas  Hillier ;  Mr.  Alfred  Durey,  teacher  of  the  Biblfr 
clsiss 

The   Dubuque  &  Pacific  Railway  was  completed  to  Manchester  in  October, 

1859,  and  to  Masonville  shortly  afterward,  on  the  22d  of  October.  The  first 
shipment  of  wheat  over  the  road  from  Manchester  to  Dubuque,  was  made  by  J. 
M.  Watson,  consigned  to  Chamberlain  at  Dubuque,  October  6,  1869. 

January  1,  1860,  Joel  Bailey  became  County  Judge.  The  credit  of  the 
county  had  now  become  sound,  and  county  warrants  were  worth  their  face  m 

By  act  of  the  General  Assembly,  approved  March  26,  1860,  the  County 
Judge  system,  which  had  been  tried  for  ten  years,  was  abolished,  and  a  County 
Board  of  Supervisors  created,  consisting  of  one  from  each  civil  township,  to  be 
elected  in  October  and  assume  the  duties  of  their  office  in  January  toliowing. 
By  this  act,  the  duties  of  County  Judge  were  restricted  to  probate  powers.  Ihe 
act  went  into  effect  July  4,  1860. 

The  first  and  only  execution  in  Delaware  County  occurred  m  1860.  Oome 
time  during  the  previous  year,  a  man  named  Andrew  Ostland  had  been  killea 


400  "HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

in  Dubuque.  N.  A.  Johnson  was  arrested  for  the  murder,  and  after  examination 
there,  took  a  change  of  venue  to  Delaware  County.  April  5.  1860,  the  case 
<!ame  before  the  District  Court  at  Delhi ;  Judge  T.  S.  Wilson,  presiding.  The 
State  appeared  byW.  T.  Barker,  District  Attorney,  and  O'Neil  and  Harvey  for 
the  defense.  A  jury  was  called,  consisting  of  Anson  Shelden,  Shubael  Pierce, 
Joseph  Long,  G.  W.  Davis,  T.  M.  Williams,  Martin  Lanning,  N.  B.  Talmage, 
L.  P.  Baldwin,  B.  Hutton,  N.  B.  Gleason,  C.  W.  Hobbs  and  Samuel  M. 
Slawson.  After  two  days'  trial,  the  jury  returned  a  verdict  of  murder  in  the  first 
degree.  On  the  morning  of  the  7th,  he  was  arraigned  for  sentence,  and  when 
asked  by  Judge  Wilson  whether  he  had  anything  to  offer  why  judgment  should 
not  be  pronounced,  he  replied  that  he  had  nothing  to  say.  It  was  then  ordered 
by  the  court  that  the  said  Johnson  be  taken  from  hence  to  prison,  and  there 
safely  kept  until  Friday,  May  18, 1860,  and  that  on  said  day,  between  the  hours 
of  10  A.  M.  and  2  o'clock  P.  M.,  the  said  prisoner  should  be  taken  to  some 
convenient  place  within  the  corporate  limits  of  the  town  Delhi,  and  there  be 
hanged  by  the  neck  until  he  be  dead,  and  that  the  same  be  public.  He  was 
taken  to  the  Dubuque  County  jail  for  safe  keeping. 

On  the  day  appointed,  several  thousand  people  assembled  at  Delhi  to  ^witness 
the  revolting  scene.  A  posse  of  citizens  were  summoned  from  the  various  towns 
in  the  county,  numbering  fifty  or  more,  and  armed  to  serve  as  guards.  The 
gallows  was  built  in,  and  near  the  northwest  corner  of,  the  Court  House  Square. 
Johnson  was  led  to  his  death  between  files  of  the  citizen  guards,  who  formed  a 
hollow  square  around  the  gallows.  On  one  side  of  him  walked  Sheriff  Eddy, 
and  on  the  other  the  priest.  Hon.  Joel  Bailey,  County  Judge ;  D.  J.  Wright, 
Clerk  of  the  Court,  and  other  county  officers,  walked  in  the  rear  of  the  doomed 
man.  Johnson  ascended  the  scaffold  with  a  firm  step.  After  confessing  to  a 
priest,  his  hands  were  tied  behind  him,  and  the  black  cap  drawn  over  his  face, 
shutting  from  his  sight  forever  all  mortal  scenes.  Sheriff  Eddy  with  one  blow 
severed  the  rope,  and  the  doomed  man  fell.  He  was  a  large,  heavy  man,  and 
death  ensued  immediately,  his  neck  being  broken  by  the  fall.  His  body  was 
placed  in  a  coffin  and  buried  in  the  old  cemetery  at  Delhi,  where  a  few  rude 
stones  mark  his  last  resting  place. 

The  town  of  Delaware,  on  the  southwest  quarter  and  the  northwest  quarter 
of  southeast  quarter,  and  southwest  quarter  of  southeast  quarter  of  Section  32, 
Township  89  north.  Range  4,  was  laid  out  March,  1860.  F.  B.-  Doolittle,  John 
Hefner,  James  P.  Ball,  proprietors. 

The  year  1861  marks  a  new  era  in  the  history  of  Delaware  County, 
January  6th,  the  first  Board  of  Supervisors,  elected  under  the  new  law  the  pre- 
vious Autumn,  assembled  at  Delhi,  and  superseded  the  County  Judge  so  far  as 
the  government  and  management  of  the  affairs  of  the  county  were  concerned. 
The  first  Board  was  as  follows:  Silas  Gilmore,  Colony;  Ephraim  K.  Frost, 
Elk ;  John  H.  Burrington,  Honey  Creek ;  Daniel  Shelden,  Richland ;  Joseph 
Lichtenbergh,  Bremen;  Francis  McFall,  Oneida;  C.  H.  Carpenter,  Delaware ; 
Clement  Coffin,  Coffin's  Grove;  Z.  D.  Scobey,  North  Fork;  William  Price, 
Delhi ;  William  Crozier,  Milo  ;  Peter  Richardson,  Prairie ;  Aaron  Richardson. 
South  Fork ;  Samuel  P.  Whittaker,  Union ;  C.  L.  Flint,  Hazel  Green,  and 
Daniel  Fuller,  Adams.  Z.  D.  Scobey  was  elected  Chairman  of  the  Board,  and 
James  Wright,  Clerk  of  the  District  Court,  was  Clerk  of  the  Board. 

At  once  petitions  began  to  flow  in  to  the  County  Board  for  construction  of 
roads  and  bridges,  and  other  matters  that  had  received  but  little  attention  under 
the  County  Judge  system,  as  no  special  provision  had  been  made. for  them 
bv  Inw.  "~ 


^^>: 


HAZEL  GREEN  TP. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  4O3 

^  January  8th,  the  Committee  on  Public  Buildings  reported  that  the 
jail  was  insecure,  and  recommended  that  the  Sheriff  be  furnished  with  a 
better  omce. 

January.  4th,  the  Board  declined  to  direct  the  County  Treasurer,  Rav  B 
trrifEn,  to  accept  any  currency  of  the  Iowa  State  Bank,  at  the  risk  of  the  countv' 
in  payment  of  taxes.  '  ^ ' 

At  the  June  session,  it  was  ascertained  that  a  considerable  amount  of  swamp 
lands  was  due  the  county  (see  Swamp  Lands,  p.  211),  and  on  the  6th  of 
June  (jeorge  Wattson  was  appointed  agent  and  attorney  of  the  county  to  look 


POOR   FARM. 


recom- 


June  7,  1861,  Mr.  Coffin,  from  the  Committee  on  Paupers,  reported  . 

mending  that  a  proposition  be  submitted  to  the  voters  of  the  county  for  the 
purchase  of  a  Poor  Farm.  Re-committed  with  instructions,  and  on  the  8th  the 
Committee  again  reported  that  a  proposition  be  submitted  to  the  voters  of  Dela- 
ware County,  whether  the  Board  shall  purchase  a  farm  for  the  poor,  and  raise 
not  exceeding  $3,000  for  the  purpose.  The  report  was  accepted;  J.  M.  Bray- 
ton  was  appointed  to  draw  up  such  proposition,  and  on  the  same  day 
the  Board  ordered  the  question  to  be  submitted  to  the  people  at  the  ensuing 
October  election,  when  it  was  rejected  by  a  vote  of  219  for  purchase  to  418 
against. 

This  year  is  marked  by  the  commencement  of  the  great  rebellion  and  civil 
war  in  the  United  States.  Delaware  performed  her  full  share,  as  will  be  seen 
under  the  head  of  "  The  War  Record,"  elsewhere. 

In  the  year  1862,  at  the  January  session  of  the  Board  of  Supervisors,  C.  L. 
Flint,  from  the  Committee  on  the  School  Fund,  reported  that  several  persons 
who  had  borrowed  from  that  fund  were  not  financially  sound.  These  persons 
were  required  to  improve  their  securities,  and  prudent  rules  were  adopted  in 
relation  to  the  management  of  the  fund. 

January  10th,  the  Committee  on  Paupers  recommended  that  a  farm 
for  the  poor  be  leased,  and  that  a  suitable  person  be  employed  for  Overseer. 
On  the  same  day,  the  Board  voted  to  petition  the  Legislature  for  a  tax 
on  dogs. 

June  4th,  S.  A.  Holt  was  appointed  Steward  of  the  Poor  House,  and  on  the 
6th,  F.  B.  Doolittle,  William  Terwilliger  and  Andrew  Lord  were  appointed 
Poor  House  Directors ;  rescinded,  however,  as  to  Terwilliger  and  Lord,  October 
21st. 

October  21st,  County  Treasurer  ordered  to  sell  the  gold  in  the  Treasury. 
Samuel  H.  Gookin  notified  the  Board  that  he  was  the  owner  of  the  premises  on 
which  the  Poor  House  was  situated.  This  was  the  "Clark  farm,"  near  Hart- 
wick,  about  a  mile  and  a  half  southwest  of  Delhi.  The  notice  was  referred  to 
Mr.  Doolittle,  with  instructions  to  negotiate  with  Gookin  for  the  purchase  of 
the  premises. 

October  22d,  the  Board  appropriated  $1,000  to  aid  in  the  support  of  the 
families  of  volunteers. 

The  Home  Insurance  Company,  of  Delhi,  was  incorporated  January  1, 
1862.  The  corporators  were  Lyman  Ingalls,  Charles  L.  Currier,  D.  C.  Tan- 
ner, R.^B.  Currier,  Rensselaer  Eddy,  Ray  B.  Griffin  and  W.  A.  Heath.     The 


404  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

two  Curriers  and  Tanner  are  now  connected  with  the  American  Insurance 
Company,  of  Chicago.  It  does  not  appear  that  the  Home  eflFected  more  than 
its  incorporation. 

In  1863,  the  Director  of  the  Poor  House  was  authorized  to  purchase  a  farm 
for  the  poor,  January  8th,  and  on  the  9th  the  Treasurer  was  again  authorized 
to  sell  all  the  gold  on  hand — $300. 

June  5th,  F.  B.  Doolittle  was  appointed  Commissioner,  and  authorized 
"  to  negotiate  with  the  owners  of  the  premises  now  occupied  by  this  county  as  a 
Poor  House,  provided  he  shall  not  pay  more  than  $1,000  for  the  same,"  and  in 
the  event  of  purchase,  the  County  Clerk  was  instructed  to  issue  county  orders 
for  the  necessary  amount.  On  the  same  day,  the  Committee  on  Ways  and 
Means  reported  that  there  were  but  thirty-nine  persons  in  the  county,  of  the 
families  of  volunteers,  that  might  possibly  need  assistance. 

October  20th,  F.  B.  Doolittle  reported  progress  in  the  purchase  of  the 
Poor  House  Farm,  known  as  the  "  Clark  Farm,"  and  it  was  "  Ordered  that  the 
matter  of  purchasing  Poor  House  Farm  be  postponed  until  we  learn,  through 
the  Agent  of  the  Board,  F.  B.  Doolittle,  that  the  title  of  the  Clark  premises  has 
been  settled  by  the  courts. 

January  6,  1864,  $1,000  was  appropriated "  for  the  support  of  the 
families  of  volunteers,  and  on  the  7th,  $50  was  appropriated  for  the  Sol- 
diers' Home  at  Dubuque.  The  poll  taxes  of  all  soldiers  in  the  service  were 
remitted. 

June  8,  1864,  the  Committee  on  Paupers  recommended  the  purchase  of 
the  Hefner  farm  for  a  County  Poor  Farm,  at  a  price  not  to  exceed  $1,000,  and 
F.  B.  Doolittle  was  appointed  agent  to  carry  the  same  into  effect.  The  Com- 
mittee on  Military  Affairs  reported  406  persons  of  the  families  of  volun- 
teers in  the  county  needing  aid.  June  10,  the  Clerk  was  authorized  to 
draw  $1,000  to  pay  for  the  Hefner  farm  in  case  Mr.  Doolittle  should  make 
the  purchase. 

November  17,  Messrs.  Sanborn,  Thompson  and  Stoner  were  appointed  a 
committee  to  receive  proposals  for  the  purchase  of  a  Poor  House  Farm,  from 
which  it  appears  that  the  Hefner  trade  had  failed. 

Mr.  Jones  completed  a  bridge  across  Honey  Creek,  near  the  present  site  of 
his  woolen  mills. 

During  this  year,  the  farmers  in  the  vicinity  of  Forestville  began  preparations 
for  entering  into  the  dairy  business. 

In  1864,  the  shipments  from  Manchester  were  as  follows:  Wheat,  80,156 
bushels;  oats,  124,636  bushels;  barley,  3,570  bushels;  butter,  166,601  lbs.; 
hides,  37,881  lbs. ;  live  stock,  1,426,000  lbs. ;  wool,  11,177  lbs. ;  dressed  hogs, 
647,533  lbs. ;  miscellaneous  articles,  600,329  lbs. 

On  Friday,  December  2,  1864,  Morris  Martin  and  George  Crozier,  of  South 
Fork  Township,  got  into  a  dispute  about  some  oats,  whereupon  a  quarrel  ensued 
and  the  parties  retired  to  the  road  to  "fight  it  out."  In  the  melee  Martin 
stabbed  Crozier  twice,  once  in  the  arm  and  once  in  the  left  breast,  entering  the 
heart,  causing  death.  Martin  was  arrested  and  had  his  preliminary  examination 
before  Justice  Noble  at  Delhi.  He  was  convicted  of  manslaughter  at  the  Sep- 
tember Term  of  the  District  Court  in  1865,  and  sentenced  to  five  years'  impris- 
onment and  $500  fine,  together  with  costs. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 


405 


Population  of  Delaware  Qounty. — Tir&  following  shows  the  population  of 
the  several  townships  in  the  county,  exclusive  of  soldiers  at  the  front,  as  shown 
by  the  census  of  1864: 


TOWNSHIPS. 

No.  Dwellings. 

No.  Whites. 

No,  Colored. 

Colony 

238 

145 

175 

130 

95 

126 

268 

103 

126 

187 

96 

32 

287 

129 

68 

80 

1,383 
809 
892 
718 
548 
685 

1,419 
584 
682 
964 
539 
161 

1,497 
715 
418 
459 

Elk 

1 
2 

Honey  Creek 

Richland , 

Bremen 

1 
1 

Delaware 

Coffin's  Grove 

North  Fork 

Delhi 

1 

Milo 

Prairie 

South  Fork 

Union ff 

4 

Adams 

Total 

2,285 

12,498 

10 

August  1,  1864,  the  Delaware  Sportsmen's  Club  had  a  grand  chicken  hunt, 
which  began  at  daylight,  and  lasted  till  dark,  with  an  intermission  of  three, 
hours  for  a  dinner  near  Henry  Baker's  residence  in  Coffin's  Grove.  The  din- 
ner was  prepared  by  the  wives  of  the  hunters,  and  many  other  citizens  of  Man- 
chester were  present  at  the  dinner.  The  sum  of  the  day's  shooting  was  599 
birds.  The  sport  ended  with  a  supper  to  the  huntsmen  in  the  evening.  The 
day  was  kept  as  an  anniversary  for  four  years,  and  was  merged  into  the  Harvest 
Home  in  1868. 

At  the  election  in  November,  Lincoln's  majority  over  McClellan  was  671, 
increased  to  nearly  1,000  by  the  vote  of  the  soldiers  in  the  field. 

Purchase  of  Poor  Farm. — In ,  1865,  the  Poor  House  Farm  still  occupied 
the  attention  of  the  Board,  and  January  4th,  F.  B,  Doolittle,  Joseph  Grimes 
and-  D.  P.  Baker  were  appointed  to  view  the  Horton  or  any  other  farm,  and 
purchase  the  same  for  a  County  Poor  Farm,  if,  in  their  judgment,  the  price 
was  reasonable. 

June  8th,  the  committee  reported  that  a  contract  had  been  made  for  the 
northwest  fractional  quarter  of  Section  18,  northeast  quarter  of  southwest  quar- 
ter of  Section  18,  in  Township  88  north.  Range  4  west,  northwest  quarter  of 
northeast  quarter  of  Section  23,  Range  5,  amounting  to  222^  acres,  for 
12,000  to  be  paid  on  this  by  the  8th  day  of  June,  1865.  Payment  was  made, 
and  Judge  Doolittle  requested  to  prepare  plans  and  specifications  for  Poor  House. 

September  4th,  an  appropriation  of  |250  was  made  for  the  purpose  of 
building  an  addition  to  the  house  then  on  the  Poor  Farm.  The  house  was 
reconstructed  with  additions  by  Judge  Doolittle,  costing  from  |400  to  $600. 

The  Great  jPfooi.^This  year  is  remarkable  for  another  flood,  higher,  even, 
and  more  destructive  than  that  of  1851.  The  water  was  very  high  in  March 
and  about  the  19th,  trains  were  delayed  for  three  days. 

June  27th,  occurred  one  of  the  heaviest  rain  storms  ever  known.  A  heavy 
rain  fell  in   the  afternoon,  after  which  the  clouds  partially  lifted.     The  rairj 


406  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

came  on'  again  in  the  night,  and  lasted  till  toward  daybreak.  This  rain  washed 
out  the  culverts  between  Earlville  and  Dyersville,  and  the  dam  gave  way  at 
Green's  mill  on  Honey  Creek.  The  next  night  another  storm  came  on,  even 
greater  than  tbe  other.  The  water  swept  the  wagon  bridge  at  Manchester  from 
its  foundations,  but  as  it  had  been  fastened  by  cables  to  trees,  by  Thomas  Too- 
good,  on  the  west  bank,  it  was  kept  at  home,  but  worth  only  the  plank  which 
covered  it.  The  flood  tore  away  the  embankment  of  the  railroad  bridge,  just 
below,  leaving  the  rails  and  ties  held  together  by  the  spikes  over  a  chasm  four 
rods  across.  The  Acers  mill,  north  of  Manchester,  was  swept  bodily  into  the 
river,  and  the  dam  at  Forestville  was  torn  out.  The  bridge  at  Hopkinton  was 
swept  away  and  the  saw-mill  moved  from  its  foundation.  The  loss  of  fences, 
hay  and  crops  all  along  the  river  and  its  tributaries  was  also  very  great. 

The  water  at  Bailey's  Ford  was  two  feet  higher  than  in  1851,  and  the 
Maquoketa  at  that  point  made  a  new  channel  for  itself  for  some  distance  above 
the  present  bridge.  The  west  landing  of  the  ford  used  to  be  where  the  river 
now  bends  at  that  place. 

David  Moreland,  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  in  the  colony,  died  April  27, 
1865,  at  the  ripe  age  of  seventy-seven  years  four  months  and  three  days. 

January  1,  1866,  the  Board  granted  permission  to  the  citizens  of  Delhi  to 
erect  a  monument  in  memory  of  deceased  soldiers. 

The  Manchester  Manufacturing  Company,  James  A.  Ainsworth,  Nixson 
Denton  and  Henry  Anderson,  corporators,  filed  for  record  articles  of  incor- 
poration December  12,  1866. 

Judge  Clement  Coffin,  the  first  settler  at  Cofiin's  Grove  Township  and  the 
the  second  Judge  of  Probate  of  Delaware  County,  died  July  28,  1867. 

The  Manchester  Library  Institute,  J.  G.  Strong,  President;  J.  P.  Rule, 
Secretary,  waS  incorporated  February,  1867. 

The  Manchester  Pottery  Company,  J.  H.  Stevens,  President ;  L.  Webb, 
Vice  President ;  T.  A.  Farrington,  Secretary,  incorporated  May  18,  1867. 

The  Live  Stock  Enterprise  Insurance  Company,  of  Manchester,  incorpo- 
rated March  25,  1868.  Ray  B.  GrifEn,  President;  H.  G.  McCann,  Vice 
President ;  S.  G.  Van  Anda,  Secretary  ;  W.  H.  Board,  Treasurer. 

In  April,  1866,  a  joint  stock  company  was  organized  at  Delaware,  called 
the  Delaware  Cheese  Company.  William  M.  Hefner,  President ;  A.  A.  Enos, 
Vice  President ;  J.  A.  Garfield,  Treasurer ;  and  J.  W.  Kingsley,  Secretary.  A 
large  building,  two  and  one-half  stories  high,  24x40  feet,  was  built,  and  the 
manufacture  of  cheese  was  commenced  in  June  following,  and  continued  to 
operate  until  about  1872,  when  the  building  was  converted  into  a  stable. 

June  31.  1866,  Mr.  James  S.  Wilson,  a  resident  of  Manchester,  discovered 
that  his  pocket  had  been  picked  of  f  30,  and,  suspecting  a  man  belonging  to  or 
in  connection  with  one  or  the  other  of  two  shows,  then  exhibiting  here,  namely, 
"Yankee  Robinson's  Consolidation,"  and  "F.  J.  Howe's  Circus,"  of  being  the 
guilty  party,  at  once  secured  an  officer  and  had  the  man  arrested.  His  pals  and 
associates  at  once  attempted  a  rescue,  when  a  general  fight  ensued,  many  of  the 
citizens  were  quite  badly  hurt  and  excitement  ran  high.  Mayor  Loomis 
promptly  ordered  out  the  militia,  a  company  of  about  thirty  veterans,  who 
immediately  repaired  to  the  scene  of  conflict,  fully  prepared  to  teach  the  ruffians 
a  wholesome  lesson,  but  the  appearance  of  the  militia  was  all  that  was  necessary 
and  the  arrests  were  made  without  further  opposition.  The  chief  rioters,  how- 
ever, escaped  during  the.  excitement,  but  were  afterward  re-arrested. 

The  Western  Tubular  Well  Company,  of  Manchester,  incorporated  Decem- 
ber 20,  1866.     H.  W.  Phillips,  I.  P.  Adams,  J.  B.  Freelove,  J.  P.  Roe,  S.  M. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  407 

Hoyt,  W.    H.   Tuthill,    J.   M.    Still,   G.    R.    Edmonds    and    Charles   Hoyt 
corporators.  ' 

In  1869,  the  sum  of  $1,500  was  appropriated  by  the  County  Board  to  build 
an  addition  to  the  Poor  House. 

In  June,  1869,  on  petition  of  citizens  asking  for  an  election  to  re-locate  the 
county  seat,  it  was  ordered  that  at  the  next  general  election  the    question 
should  be  submitted  whether  the  county  seat  should  remain  at  Delhi,  or  be  re- 
moved to  Manchester.     The  election  resulted,  for  Delhi,  1.560  ;  for  Manchester 
1197. 

In  1870,  by  an  Act  to  amend  Article  11,  of  Chapter  XXII,  of  the  Revision 
of  I860,  approved  April  14,  1870,  the  Board  of  Supervisors  was  reduced  to 
three,  which  number  might  be  increased  to  five  or  seven  by  vote  of  the  people. 
In  September,  the  existing  Board  ordered  that  the  question,  "  Shall  the  num- 
ber of  Supervisors  be  increased  to  seven?"  be  submitted  to  the  people  at  the 
next  general  election.  The  proposition  was  negatived  by  the  people,  874  to 
698. 

On  Friday  evening,  January  6,  1871,  Edward  Kennedy,  a  respectable  Irish 
farmer,  living  alone  a  few  miles  west  of  Hopkinton,  was  shot  while  he  was 
preparing  his  supper,  by  John  Duncan,  who  had  been  at  work  for  some  months 
for  a  Mrs.  Cook,  who  lived  not  far  from  Kennedy's.  No  suspicion  of  foul  play 
seems  to  have  been  entertained  by  the  neighbors  until  the  following  Tuesday, 
when,  upon  investigation,  the  old  man  was  found  lying  on  the  floor  of  his  house, 
dead.  Duncan  had  gone,  but  he  was  suspected,  followed  and  arrested.  At  the 
next  term  of  the  District  Court,  at  Delhi,  in  April,  1871,  Duncan  was  indicted 
for  the  murder  and  transferred  to  Buchanan  County  for  imprisonment  and  trial. 
In  January,  1871,  the  new  Board,  consisting  of  Ferdinand  W.  Dunham, 
Joseph  Chapman  and  J.  Salisbury,  assembled  at  Delhi,  elected  Mr.  Dunham 
Chairman,  and  superseded  the  larger  body  advantageously  to  the  county. 

THE  NEW  POOR  HOUSE. 

In  July,  1873,  the  Board  of  Supervisors  entered  into  a  contract  with  N.  W. 
Austin  for  the  erection  of  a  large  and  commodious  brick  building  on  the  Poor 
Farm,  for  a  house  for  the  poor.  The  contract  price  was  f  4,100,  and  the  house 
was  to  be  completed  by  the  1st  of  November  following,  and  was  done  at  that 
time,  but  some  changes  and  improvements  had  been  made,  and  the  actual  cost 
of  the  building  was  $5,028.50.  To  make  room  for  it,  the  old  house  was  moved 
to  the  rear  and  converted  into  a  barn.  It  is  a  large  two-story  and  basement 
brick  building,  affording  a  comfortable  and  pleasant  home  for  those  persons  so 
unfortunate  as  to  become  public  charges.  The  people  of  Delaware  may  well  be 
proud  of  their  Poor  House  and  Farm. 

Gilbert  D.  Dillon,  the  first  Justice  of  the  Peace  of  the  county  and  one  of  the 
clerks  of  the  first  elections  held  in  Schwartz's  Precinct,  in  1839,  died  December 
20, 1874.     Mr.  Dillon  was  born  in  Ulster  County,  New  York,  January  3, 1800. 

The  Delaware  County  Railroad  Company  was  incorporated  January  18, 
1875,  Richard  Boon,  J.  M.  Holbrook,  Charles  T.  Fleming,  Benjamin  Thorpe, 
Charles  Harger,  Ancil  E.  Martin,  Henry  Harger  and  John  M.  Brayton,  cor- 
porators. 

The  question  of  re-locating  the  county  seat  was  again  submitted  to  the  peo- 
ple at  the  annual  election  in  1876,  but  Delhi  retained  it  by  a  vote  of  2551  for 
Delhi;  1013  for  Nottingham,  "known  as  Earlville;"  for  Barlville,  35;  Earl- 
ville,  24. 


408  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

In  the  Fall  of  1876,  the  Fish  Commissioner  of  the  State  deposited  several 
thousand  fish  in  the  Maquoketa,  of  several  species,  such  as,  bass,  croppies, 
perch,  drum-fish,  etc.  The  care  taken  by  the  State  in  preventing  the  destruc- 
tion of  fish  during  the  spawning  season  must  soon  result  in  stocking  the  streams 
of  the  county  and  State  with  an  abundance  of  fish,  adding  materially  to  the 
resources  of  the  State. 

The  New  Jail. — In  1877,  the  question  of  providing  additional  jail  room 
was  forced  upon  the  county  authorities.  The  old  jail  had  become  insecure,  and 
had  not  suflficient  rooms  or  cells.  On  the  28th  of  June,  a  contract  was  made 
with  David  Armstrong,  of  Independence,  for  the  erection  of  a  new  jail  building, 
at  a  contract  price  of  $4,898.35.  The  site  selected  was  a  short  distance  west  of 
the  brick  building  used  for  county  offices,  on  the  public  square.  Work  was 
commenced  about  the  1st  of  July,  and  the  building  was  completed  in  1878,  at  a 
cost  of  $5,158.  It  is  a  square  stone  building,  built  of  the  fine  stone  quarried  in 
the  vicinity,  two  stories  high,  and  contains  six  cells,  three  on  the  first  floor  and 
three  on  the  second.  On  the  first  floor  is  a  room  for  an  office,  and  there  are 
two  sleeping  rooms  for  the  jailer  on  the  second  floor.  The  stone,  gratings  and 
bunks  were  from  the  "lock-up"  under  the  old  Court  House,  in  Chicago,  the 
ruins  of  which  were  taken  down  two  or  three  years  ago. 

The  year  1878  is  remarkable  for  its  mild  Winter.  No  snow  fell  to  remain, 
and  wagons  were  used  all  Winter.  The  Spring,  however,  was  somewhat  cold 
and  backward,  and  May  12th  and  13th  heavy  frosts  were  destructive  to  small 
fruits,  tomatoes,  etc. 

THE  COUNTY  SEAT  CONTESTS. 

In  the  Spring  of  1869,  the  people  of  Manchester  gave  notice,  as  by  law 
provided,  that  they  would  apply  to  the  Board  of  Supervisors  for  an  order  sub- 
mitting to  vote  at  the  election  of  that  year  the  question  of  removing  the  county 
seat  from  Delhi  to  Manchester.  Petitions  were  circulated  in  every  township, 
asking  for  the  order,  and  when  the  Board  met  in  June,  the  petitions  were  can- 
vassed and  a  fair  majority  found  asking  for  the  vote.  When  this  had  been  se- 
cured, the  people  of  Manchester  raised  a  subscription,  pledging  about  $12,000 
toward  the  erection  of  buildings  in  case  they  should  secure  the  county  seat,  and 
also  pledged  suitable  grounds  for  the  purpose.  But  before  the  time  came  for 
entering  on  the  campaign,  an  unfortunate  complication  arose  among  the  citizens 
of  Manchester  as  to  where  the  buildings  should  be  located,  and  many  became  in- 
diflferent  as  to  the  result.  The  Delhi  people  entered  the  campaign  with  great 
energy,  backed  by  the  influence  of  the  Davenport  &  St.  Paul  Railway  Company, 
whose  officers  employed  the  columns  of  the  Strawberry  Point  and  Monticello 
papers  in  which  to  make  their  own  arguments  against  Manchester.  Copies  of 
these  papers  were  distributed  among  the  voters  of  Honey  Creek,  Elk,  Union, 
Hazel  Green  and  Oneida  Townships  just  before  election,  and  their  perusal 
tended  materially  to  steady  the  feeling  that  Delhi  was  endeavoring  to  work  up 
against  the  change.  The  election,  which  followed  in  October,  resulted  in  the 
defeat  of  Manchester  by  a  majority  of  367.  At  the  commencement  of  this 
struggle,  the  people  of  Earlville  and  Delaware  also  entered  the  field  with  their 
towns  as  candidates  for  the  county  seat,  but  not  having  a  sufficient  extended  peti- 
tion their  claims  were  terminated  by  the  canvass  of  the  Board  in  June. 

In  1874,  the  Manchester  people  again  resolved  to  essay  their  strength. 
Petitions  were  circulated  as  before,  but  when  the  Board  canvassed  the  petitions 
and  remonstrances,  it  was  found  that  the  latter  embraced  more  than  half  the 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  409 

voters  of  the  county,  which  was  also  the  case  with  the  petitions.  The  Board 
decided  that  the  petition  was  insufficient,  and  declined  to  order  a  vote. 

The  following  year  (1875),  the  Manchester  folks  were  up  and  ready  for 
another  contest.  Earlville  and  Delaware,  likewise,  entered  the  arena.  For  a 
time,  Manchester  devoted  her  labors  mainly  toward  thwarting  the  efforts  of  Earl- 
ville and  Delaware,  and  at  the  April  meeting  of  the  Board  the  petitions  of  both 
towns  were  oversloughed  by  the  Manchester  remonstrance.  Having  thus  cleared 
the  ground,  Manchester  went  in  to  win  if  possible.  Every  iiook  and  corner  of 
the  county  was  canvassed  by  agents,  bearing  either  a  petition  for  Manchester  or 
a  remonstrance  against  the  order,  and  when  the  Board  met  in  June,  the  papers 
were  carried  in,  the  Manchester  people  in  full  confidence  that  they  had  an  easy 
victory.  But  when  they  presented  their  petitions,  they  were  met  by  the  entire 
bar  of  Delhi  arrayed  against  them,  who  excepted  to  some  three  hundred  names 
on  the  petition  as  having  also  signed  the  remonstrances.  The  exception  was 
allowed  by  the  Board,  when  the  Manchester  committee  presented  substantially 
the  same  names  anew  in  a  document  known  as  a  "  re-petition,"  and  asked  to 
have  them  counted  as  part  of  the  petition.  On  this  application  ensued  the 
severest  legal  collision  evet  witnessed  in  the  county,  nearly  the  whole  bar  of  the 
county  having  something  to  say  regarding  the  question,  which  had  by  this  time 
roused  every  neighborhood  to  a  white  heat  of  excitement.  The  Board  voted  to 
disallow  the  re-petition,  but  the  Manchester  committee  asked  for  and  obtained  a 
ruling  that  remonstrants  might  appear  in  person  before  the  Board,  and  have 
their  names  changed  to  the  petition.  That  night,  a  meeting  was  convened  at 
Manchester,  at  which  a  large  number  of  citizens  placed  themselves  and  vehicles 
at  the  disposal  of  the  committee.  The  western  part  of  the  county  was  blocked 
out,  and  early  next  morning  every  available  team  was  started  out  to  collect 
and  carry  the  "  re-petitioners  "  to  Delhi.  By  3  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  ninety- 
two  men  were  presented  before  the  Board,  each  making  affidavit  of  his  desire 
to  be  counted  on  the  petition.  Another  such  a  day's  work  would  have  won 
Manchester  the  victory,  but  one  member  of  the  Board  became  dissatisfied 
with  his  previous  action,  and  so  stated  to  the  Board,  thus  canceling  the  ruling 
under  which  Manchester  was  at  work,  which  ended  the  appearance  of  voters  in 
person.  "The  summary,  as  made  up  by  the  Board,  showed  a  majority  against 
Manchester.  In  August  following,  the  Manchester  people  removed  the  case  by 
certiorari  to  the  Supreme  Court,  but  only  obtained  partial  redress,  the  order  for 
the  vote,  which  they  sought  to  have  granted,  not  being  entertained  by  either  court. 

Late  in  the  Winter  of  1876,  the  community  of  Earlville  again  concluded 
to  make  a  sally,  and  once  more  the  county  was  canvassed  for  petitioners.  Man- 
chester was  awaiting  the  result  of  her  appeal  to  the  Supreme  Court,  and  made 
no  opposition,  while  Delhi  and  Delaware  did  but  Uttle.  The  Earlville  people 
were  successful,  and  the  Board  ordered  the  vote.  As  Manchester  had  done  m 
each  application  for  the  county  seat,  Earlville  offered  |10,000  to  assist  in 
erecting  buildings.  The  campaign  was  conducted  with  much  courtesy  and 
good  feeling  on  all  sides,  but  when  election  day  came  it  seemed  as  if  every 
community  was  anxious  to  throw  a  stone  at  Earlville,  for  the  majority  against 
her  was  an  enormous  one.  j.  -iotc  u 

The  political  consequences  of  the  county  seat  struggle  ot  1875  may  be 
briefly  stated  as  follows,  first  premising  that  the  Board  of  Supervisors  have 
much  power  over  the  preliminary  details  involving  the  order  for  a  vote  on  the 
county  seat  question :  Each  locality  gives  much  care  to  the  selection  ot  the 
Supervisor,  feeling  that  to  have  a  preponderance  in  the  Board  is  to  be  well 
prepared  for  the  election.     In  the  Republican  convention  of  187b,  the  western 


410  HISTORY  OP  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

townships,  headed  by  the  Delaware  delegation,  secured  the  defeat  of  Jesse  B. 
Bailey,  whose  name  was  before  the  convention,  but  their  candidate  was  beaten 
at  the  polls  by  George  Staehle,  the  Democratic  nominee,  upon  whom  the  eastern 
townships  united  almost  to  a  man.  The  Republican  nominee  for  SheriiF  was 
also  defeated  in  the  same  fashion. 

At  the  election  in  1877,  the  western  townships  retaliated  by  uniting  upon 
and  electing  James  Le  Gassick,  Supervisor,  and  Charles  E.  Bronson,  State 
Senator,  both  being  nominees  on  the  Democratic  ticket. 

HARVEST  HOME. 

August  1st,  1864,  the  people  of  Manchester  arranged  for  a  match  at  shoot- 
ing prairie  chickens.  Sides  were  chosen,  one  squad  being  composed  of  George  E. 
Toogood,  Thomas  M.  Hunt,  W.  H.  Board,  M.  Cotton,  J.  E.  Harkar,  N.  Trenchard, 
A.  M.  Sherwood,  V.  Burrington,  S.  W.  Stevens,  James  E.  Green,and  the  other 
of  D.  R.  Lewis,  H.  M.  Congar,  H.  N.  Cornish,  Wm.  Houghton,  Holies  Houghton, 
Thos.  Dodson,  S.  M.  Smart,  W.  J.  Doolittle,  J.  M.  Watson  and  M.  Plimpton. 
Five  hundred  and  ninety-nine  birds  were  killed,  but  the  referee  succeeded  in 
making  the  result  a  tie.  The  next  year,  the  programme  was  improved  upon  by 
the  addition  of  a  picnic  dinner,  near  Henry  Baker's  residence,  in  Coffin's 
Grove,  and  the  annual  hunt  and  picnic  was  a  pleasant  annual  holiday  with  the 
people  of  Manchester  until  1868.  Owing  to  the  extreme  wet  weather  of  1868, 
whereby  most  of  the  young  chickens  were  killed,  the  festival  was  omitted  that 
year.  In  1870,  the  programme  was  again  amended  by  making  the  annual  meet 
a  harvest  home,  and  the  people  of  the  whole  county  were  invited  to  join.  The 
festival  was  held  at  Coffin's  Grove  as  before,  Saturday,  August  6th.  The 
responses  to  the  toasts  were  made  by  A.  S.  Blair,  B.  C.  Huntington,  Rev.  R. 
Norton,  G.  S.  Bidwell,  Col.  Van  Anda,  C.  S.  Crosby,  E.  0.  Clemans  and 
Prof.  J.  Piper;  F.  Emerson,  Esq.,  presided.  So  satisfactory  was  the  holiday 
to  those  who  attended,  that  it  was  decided  to  make  the  harvest  home  an  annual 
feature,  and  on  that  day  officers  were  chosen  as  follows :  President,  Joseph 
Grimes  ;  Vice  Presidents,  A.  Parliman,  A.  A.  Strong,  S.  Emerson,  S.  T. 
Oviatt,  J.  P.  Ball,  J.  Le  Gassick,  T.  Marks,  E.  0.  Clemans,  J.  F.  McKay,  J. 
S.  Barry,  Thos.  Robinson,  C.  L.  Flint,  Thos.  Wragg,  P.  H.  Warner  ;  Treasurer, 
Thos.  Toogood;  Secretary,  L.  L.  Ayers. 

The  following  year  (1871),  the  harvest  home  was  held  at  Bailey's  Ford,  in 
the  grove  just  west  of  the  Maquoketa,  and  was  attended  by  at  least  3,000 
people.  In  1872,  the  place  of  holding  the  harvest  home  was  transferred  to 
the  grove  on  Spring  Branch,  owned  by  M.  Brayton,  near  the  cold  spring 
which  supplies  that  stream  with  half  its  volume  of  water.  The  railroad  track 
runs  half  a  mile  north  of  the  grounds,  and  in  that  year,  through  the  courtesy 
of  W.  P.  Johnson,  General  Passenger  Agent  of  the  Illinois  Central  road,  a 
harvest  home  station  was  established,  enabling  the  whole  population  of  Man- 
chester and  Earlville  to  attend.  This  courtesy  Mr.  Johnson  has  annually 
extended  to  the  harvest  home,  the  subsequent  festivals  being  held  on  the  same 
grounds.  The  harvest  home  annually  draws  thousands  of  people  from  all  parts 
of  the  county,  some  of  whom  meet  to  renew  old  associations,  some  to  flirt, 
others  to'  talk  politics,  but  for  whatever  purpose  they  assemble  it  is  a  pleasant 
holiday,  the  fame  of  which  brings  yearly  guests  from  far-away  cities  to  drink 
from  the  crystal  spring  that  bubbles  up  from  the  rocky  ledge,  enjoy  the  leafy 
shady  of  the  oaks,  and  consume  a  bountiful  dinner  from  the  well-filled  basket 
in  some  farmer's  wagon,  flanked  with  watermelon  and  sweeet  cider. 

H.  D.  Wood  is  President  of  the  Association  for  1878. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  411 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

THE   LAWS   OF   EARLY   TIMES. 

Eay  B.  Griffin,  Esq.,  of  Manchester,  has  in  his  possession  a  copy  of  tho 
Statute  Laws  of  the  Territory  of  Iowa,  enacted  at  the  first  session  of  the  Leg- 
islative Assembly  of  the  Territory,  A.  D.  1838-9,  printed  by  Russell  &  Reeves, 
Dubuque,  in  1839,  on  the  cover  of  which  is  written,  "  Wm.  Eades,  Esq.,  County 
Commissioner  Delaware  County,  I.  T."  This  rare  volume  contains"  An  act 
to  regulate  blacks  and  mulattoes,"  approved  January  21,  1839,  which  provides 
"  that  no  black  or  mulatto  person  shall  be  permitted  to  settle  or  reside  in  the 
Territory,  unless  he  or  she  shall  produce  a  fair  certificate,  from  some  court 
within  the  United  States,  of  his  or  her  actual  freedom,"  and  give  bond  in  the 
penal  sum  of  $500,  conditioned  that  such  person  shall  not  become  a  charge  in 
the  county  in  which  such  bond  shall  be  given  ;  also,  for  good  behavior.  Upon 
failure  to  give  such  bond,  it  was  made  the  duty  of  the  County  Commissioners 
to  "  hire  out  such  negro -or  mulatto  for  six  months,  for  the  best  price,  in  cash, 
that  can  be  had."  Persons  hiring,  harboring  or  engaging  a  negro  or  mulatto 
who  had  not  complied  with  the  provisions  of  the  act  were  subject  to  a  fine  of 
not  less  than  five  or  more  than  one  hundred  dollars.  Section  6  of  this  act  pro- 
vided for  the  delivery  of  blacks  or  mulattoes  to  persons  claiming  them,  upon  sat- 
isfactory proof  of  ownership.  In  less  than  twenty-five  years  from  that  date, 
the  title  of  property  in  man  was  washed  out  in  blood,  in  these  United  States, 
and  Iowa  was  foremost  in  the  work  of  preserving  the  Union  from  the  assaults 
of  the  slave  power. 

HUNTING   GROUNDS   OF   DELAWARE. 

Game  was  abundant  in  Delaware  County.  Deer  were  frequently  seen  in 
droves  of  from  a  dozen  to  forty,  and  it  was  easy  to  kill  one  or  two  in  an  after- 
noon. Black  bears  were  common,  and  a  few  elk  were  scattered  over  the  prai- 
ries. Wild  turkeys  were  plentiful.  Hon.  Eliphalet  Price,  in  some  sketches 
lately  published,  says  that  this  part  of  Iowa  had  been  neutral  ground  for  a  good 
many  years,  and  that  the  game  had  been  driven  in  that  direction  from  all  quar- 
ters, and  had  increased  rapidly,  undisturbed  by  the  Indian's  arrow  or  the  white 

man's  rifle. 

Mr.  Jackson  devoted  much  time  to  hunting  for  several  years  after  settlmg 
at  Hopkinton.  He  says  that  he  once  saw  about  forty  deer  between  Hopkinton 
and  Delhi ;  and  on  one  occasion,  saw  over  a  dozen  elk  together  between  his 
home  and  Quasqueton. 

The  most  successful  day's  sport  by  any  of  the  early  settlers  appears  to  have 
been  that  of  one  of  Mr.  Kibbee's  sons,  who  went  to  the  mouth  of  Honey  Greek, 
some  time  in  1842,  and  killed  a  deer,  found  a  bee  tree  and  captured  two  bear 
cubs.    Whether  he  bagged  a  few  turkeys,  to  make  good  measure,  tradition  saith 

°°  Panthers  infested  the  woods,  and  Charles  Benoist  was  chased  a  long  distance 
by  one  when  returning  from  the  river  toward  Jackson's.  Benoist  s  terror  may 
well  be  appreciated  when  he  could  see  that  the  murderous  cat  would  suit  its 
gait  to  his,  stop  when  he  stopped,  and  dog  his  every  footstep. 

Gillaspie  Laughlin's  adventure  with  a  panther,  which  probably  happened  in 
1845,  would  be  worthy  of  note  in  any  history.  Laughlin  and  a  companion  had. 
drivek  a  panther  into  a  small  cave,  somewhere  on  Bowne  s  Prairie.  Laughlm 
coolly  determined  that  either  the  panther  or  himself  must  die,  and  with  his 
rifle  hi  liand,  crawled  in,  Putnam-like,  after  ihe  animal.      He  soon  discovered 


412  HISTOKY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

the  brute  devil,  ready  to  spring  at  him.  He  raised  his  piece  and  fired  at  ven- 
ture, mortally  wounding  the  animal,  and  his  dying  agonies  tumbled  both  of 
them  out  to  the  mouth  of  the  cave,  the  animal  still  struggling,  and  Laughlin's 
clothing  torn  to  ribbons  and  himself  covered  with  blood,  but  not  much  the 
worse  for  his  foolhardiness. 

The  odoriferous  polecat  was  occasionally  a  source  of  annoyance  to  the  set- 
tlers. Cavanaugh,  whose  timber  land  was  so  suddenly  cleared,  inet  with  one  of 
the  unpopular  little  animals  near  Hopkinton,  and  was  compelled  to  bury  his 
clothing,  to  remove  the  traces  of  the  interview. 

A  skunk  was  haunting  Leroy  Jackson's  spring  house,  and  one  evening  the 
animal  was  discovered  and  cornered.  Mr.  Jackson  took  his  gun,  and  Mr.  Main 
took  the  tongs.  It  was  agreed  that  after  Jackson  fired,  Mr.  Main  should  pick 
up  the  animal  and  toss  him  out  before  he  began  his  struggles.  Jackson  fired, 
but  Main,  becoming  nervous,  fumbled  around  awkwardly  with  the  tongs  for  a 
■moment  or  two  before  he  grappled  the  creature,  and  the  consequences  were  most 
disastrous  to  the  hero  of  the  tongs,  who  had  to  be  informed  that  his  room  was 
better  than  his  company. 

THE  BENNETT  ESCAPADE. 

Since  that  portion  of  this  work  relating  to  the  Bennett  Escapade  and  the 
freezing  of  Walls  and  Day  went  to  press,  Henry  Baker,  Esq.,  of  Cofiin's  Grove, 
who  was  one  of  the  actors  in  that  little  pioneer  tragedy,  states  that  it  was  Mr. 
Coffin  who  started  out  with  the  ox  team  with  the  feather  beds,  and  that  he, 
Baker,  started  out  with  the  "jumper;"  that  they  found  one  of  the  party  about 
a  mile  out,  frozen  stifi";  that  he  was  laid  across  the  "jumper  "  and  brought  in; 
that  the  other  was  found  about  half  a  mile  farther  and  was  also  brought  in. 
Mr.  Baker  says :  "I  and  my  wife,  being  young,  took  precedence  in  caring  for 
the  pai:ty,  though  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Coffin  did  all  in  their  power."  It  seems  prob- 
able that,  being  younger,  Mr.  Baker  started  out  the  second  time  to  look  for 
Warner  with  the  ox-team,  and  that  Mr.  Coffin,  being  older  and  having  had  more 
experience,  remained  to  take  care  of  those  already  brought  in. 

TOWNSHIP  JURISPEUDBNCB. 

The  following  incident  will  serve  to  show  the  somewhat  backwoods  state  of 
jurisprudence  in  Adams  Township  in  1860.  Some  one  had  obtained  a  judg- 
ment against  one  of  the  Robinsons  in  Prairie   Township,  the  magistrate  being 

Coleman,  of  Adams  Township,  better  known  as  "  One-eyed  "  Coleman. 

Robinson  having  neglected  to  come  forward  to  satisfy  the  judgment.  Justice 
Coleman  issued  an  execution  to  his  Constable,  who  attempted  to  levy  on  one  of 
Robinson's  swine,  but  Robinson  prevented  him.  The  Constable  returned  to  his 
Honor,  related  his  unsuccessful  attempt,  and  between  them  they  arrived  at  the 
conclusion  that  the  course  of  justice  had  been  interrupted  by  Robinson.  So 
the  Constable  filed  an  information,  which  Justice  Coleman  wrote  down  on  a  slate 
belonging  to  one  of  his  children,  charging  the  aforesaid  Robinson,  says  Mr. 
Blair,  "with  contempt  of  progress,"  though  this  is  improbable,  as,  no  doubt, 
"  contempt  of  process  "  was  written,  and  issued  a  warrant  for  Robinson's  arrest, 
which  was  successfully  accomplished  by  the  same  Constable.  Robinson  called 
on  Mr.  Blair  to  defend  him,  and  his  Honor  sent  to  Delhi  for  L.  N.  Ingalls  to 
represent  the  outraged  State  of  Iowa.  The  day  came,  and  in  the  beginning  of 
the  case,  Mr.  Blair  asked  to  see  the  information.  "  An'  haven't  yez  seen  the 
warrant?  "  asked  the  Justice.  But  Blair  was  pertinacious  on  the  point,  and 
Coleman  at  last  grew  irate.     Ingalls  sat  looking,  but  no  muscle  of  his  face 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  413 

moved.  Finally,  Coleman  admitted  that  the  information  was  not  in  court,  that 
the>  children  had  taken  the  slate  to  school.  Blair  thereupon  told  his  client  he 
could  go  home,  but  the  presiding  Dogberry  could  not  stand  this  last  reflection 
on  himself,  and  fined  Robinson  five  dollars  and  costs.  Blair  then  threatened 
either  to  appeal  or  to  complain  of  Coleman  before  the  Grand  Jury.  Finally, 
and  before  the  court  was  adjourned,  Coleman  held  a  consultation  with  Ingalls, 
who  had  all  the  time  kept  a  solemn  silence,  the  result  of  which  was  that  Robin- 
son was  allowed  to  go  home  and  the  fine  was  never  collected. 

TODCHma  INCIDENT. 

While  A.  S.  Blair,  Esq.,  was  acting  as  Deputy  Provost  Marshal  in  1864,  he 
was  nonfied  to  arrest  a  deserter  named  Reardon,  who  had  become  homesick  and 
returned  to  his  farm  in  Adams  Township.  Mr.  Blair  reached  the  house  about 
daylight,  knocked,  and  was  admitted  by  Reardon  himself,  who  got  out  of  bed 
for  the  purpose.  Blair  told  his  mission,  when  the  poor  Irishman  turned  pale, 
and  went  to  the  fire-place  to  start  the  fire.  His  wife  and  children  then  left  their 
beds,  and  Mrs.  Reardon  proposed  to  get  some  breakfast  for  her  husband.  Blair 
would  not  wait,  but  being  touched  with  Reardon's  patient  manner,  told  his  fam- 
ily he  would  endeavor  to  get  him  a  furlough  before  going  to  the  front.  They 
reported  at  Delhi,  and  then  proceeded  to  Dubuque,  where,  on  Mr.  Blair's  rep- 
resentations regarding  the  family,  Reardon  was  granted  a  ten  days'  furlough  and 
transportation  home.  To  Reardon's  credit  be  it  said  that  he  returned  at  the 
expiration  of  his  leave,  went  to  the  front  and  died  of  homesickness. 

MAP    OF    BLACK   HAWK    PURCHASE. 

In  1838,  L.  Judson,  of  Ohio,  published  a  map  of  the  Black  Hawk  Pur- 
chase, that  was  much  sought  for  by  persons  emigrating  to  the  wild  region 
west  of  the  Mississippi.  This  map  has  a  "  Settlement  "  marked  in  the  timber 
in  the  south  part  of  Township  90,  Range  5  (Honey  Creek).  This  was  doubt- 
less Bennett  and  Lindsey,  as  the  surveys  for  the  map  were  made  in  1836-7. 
In  the  eastern  part  of  Bremen,  Township  89,  Range  3,  on  Section  23,  "  Hew- 
ett's  Grove"  is  marked,  indicating  that  Joseph  Hewett  was  one  of  the  earliest 
settlers  in  that  township,  prior  to  1838.  On  Sections  27  and  34,  Township 
89,  Range  4  (Oneida),  "  Innore  "  is  marked.  "  Bowen's  Prairie  "  appears  in 
Townships  87,  Range  1,  and  87,  Range  2,  Dubuque  County.  The  Livingston 
settlement,  and  Kibbee's  place,  in  the  southeastern  part  of  the  county,  although 
there  in  1837,  do  not  appear  on  this  ancient  map. 


414 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 


TABULAR  STATEMENT 

Showing  the  totals  of  Real  and  Personal  Property  Assessed  for  Taxation- 
in  Delaware  Co.,  Iowa,  for  the  Year  1877. 


PERSONAL  PROPERTY. 


Number. 


A^  erage 
Value. 


Assessed 
Value. 


Horses  of  all  ages 

Cattle    "       "       

Mules    "       "       

Sheep    "       "       

Swine    "       "       

Other  taxable  property  not  enumerated. 


9,259 

24,712 

298 

2,630 
26,343 


$25.02 

8.57 

29.48 

1.31 

l.J 


Total  assessed  value  of  personal  property. 


REAL    ESTATE. 


Aggregate  value  of  realty  in  towns 

Aggregate  value  of  railroad  property  as  assessed 

by  the  Executive  Council 

Land 


360,676 


8.85 


$231,660 

211,888 

8,686 

3,441 

48,997 

370,342 


$875,014 


333,345. 

245,135 
3,191,821 


Total  value  of  all  taxable  property  in  county, 


$4,646,315 


TABULAR  STATEMENT, 

Showing  the  Valuation  and  Tax  Levied  in  Delaware  County,  Iowa, 
for  the  Year  1877. 


Names  of  Townships  ob  Cities. 


1^  £« 

o  2  Ki 


y 


i>i 


i 


W  m" 


Colony 

Elk 

Honey  Creek 

Richland 

Bremen 

Oneida 

Delaware 

Coffin's  Grove 

North  Fork 

Delhi 

Milo 

Praiiie 

South  Fork 

Union 

Hazel  Green 

Adams 

Manchester  City. 
Hopklnton  City., 


262606 
225300 
178165 
251174 
264956 
277056 
241587 
176926 
237114 
212626 
192693 
254743 
170806 
215619 
220308 
292347 
62140 


$285191 
211739 
228069 
176344 
247912 
280310 
363129 


178571 
236482 
207806 
195996 
256123 
177384 
227345 
224070 
292446 
62198 


$305687 
265359 
262323 
198266 
316098 
363001 
251985 
298321 
203218 
287778 
234581 
221568 
300076 
204792 
247802 
261761 
390612 
83877 


611  37 
610  69 
624  66 
396  63 
632  20 
726  01 
503  97 
696  64 
406  44 
575  55 
469  16 
443  12 
600  16 
409  58 
495  60 
603  52 
781  22 
167  75 


1223  74 
1021  99 
1049  80 

792  99 
1264  40 
1462  47 
1007  94 
1193  68 

812  88 
1161  10 

938  32 

886  24 
1200  38 

819  16 

991  20 
1007  34 
1564  44 

336  60 


123  50 
119  00 
118  60 

84  60 
78  60 

131  60 

85  60 
111  00 

87  00 
134  00 
59  00 
68  00 
84  00 
61  00 
90  00 
66  00 
216  60 
59  CO 


305  69 
255  54 
262  82 
198  62 
316  10 
363  16 
251  99 
298  62 

203  22 
287  78 
234  41 
222  66 
300  08 

204  79 
247  70 
251  76 
390  88 

83  88 


\  194  60 
861  74 
1783  80 


474  12 
352  98 
327  69 

10  10 

1849  09 

686  24 

17  01 

579  77 
16  64 

362  28 


664  61 

624  66 

338  31 

94  83 

1288  63 
503  97 
696  64 
346  66 
643  66 
470  76 
109  44 
607  79 
409  8» 
427  68 
704  93 

2031  18 
503  26 


$4020349  $3986770  $4077095 


$9354  15  818713  67  $1765  50  $4679  39  $7404  86  S1C460  76 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

TABULAR  STATEMENT— Continued. 


415 


Names  of  Townships  oe  Cities. 

i 
1 

1 

f 

s 

11 

-a 

i 

a 

-a 

Total. 

9  1436  73 
1711  67 
1127  59 

908  20 

632  20 
2268  20 
1209  53 
1402  17 
1466  13 
2057  97 
1273  74 
1219  57 
1781  89 

990  77 
1302  40 

805  64 
3710  81 
1006  68 

$  764  82 
638  48 
666  11 
495  68 
790  24 
907  93 
629  96 
746  10 
507  65 
719  46 
586  45 
663  40 
760  19 
512  98 
619  04 
629  43 
978  53 
209  69 

$  122  48 
102  11 
104  92 
79  2!! 
126  44 
145  22 
100  84 

119  42 

81  24 
115  10 

93  84 
88  64 

120  64 

82  00 
99  12 

100  78 
156  74 
33  58 

$30  67 

25  53 

26  23 

19  82 
31  61 
36  33 
26  30 

29  93 

20  43 
28  78 

23  46 
22  16 

30  01 
20  98 

24  78 

25  48 
39  06 

8  39 

$  91  71 
76  69 
78  69 

59  40 
94  83 

108  90 

75  70 

89  49 

60  84 
86  33 
70  37 
66  30 

90  63 

61  94 
74  24 

76  64 
117  18 

25  17 

$ 

$  71  64 
193  89 
131  23 

89  26 
27  83 

161  91 
84  69 
208  48 
195  62 
24',i  43 
117  70 
203  67 
294  86 

90  77 
146  72 

82  21 
27  78 
11  68 

$  6190  73 
6076  84 
6388  99 
3462  43 
4663  30 
7943  23 

Elk 

Richland  

6392  07 
4198  11 

North  Fork    

Milo 



4923  45 

3980  11 

6860  42 

4243  63 

4634  12 

4241  73 

3270  71 
332  00 

13285  03 

3128  76 

S26311  79 

$11696  13 

$1872  23 

$468  86 

$1403  85 

$3602  71 

$2369  49 

$100111  06 

ABSTRACT  OF  THE  VOTES  CAST  IN  DELAWARE  COUNTY, 
IOWA,  AT  THE  GENERAL  ELECTION  OF  1876. 


Presidential 
Candidates. 

Secretary 

of 

State. 

Treaaurer 

of 

State. 

Auditor 

of 
State. 

Register  of 

State 

Land  Office. 

Attorney 
General. 

Superinten- 
dent Public 
Instruction 
to  Fill 
Vacancy. 

TOWNSHIPS. 

S.I 

1^ 

H 

a  a 
|5 

.S 

i 
g 

1 

£ 
n 

bo 

% 

a 
1 

1 

1 

1 
•a 

d 
Izi 

i 

1. 

w'4 

113 

163 
137 
97 
27 
250 
476 
137 
68 
142 
101 
76 
210 
77 
94 
66 

123 
87 
47 
53 

126 
84 

220 
67 
89 

135 

101 
43 

109 
60 
59 
64 

112 

164 

137 

97 

27 

260 

478 

140 

69 

142 

101 

76 

210 

76 

94 

66 

123 
87 
47 
53 

125 
84 

220 
67 
88 

136 
62 
42 

110 
60 
59 
64 

112 

164 

137 

97 

28 

250 

479 

140 

69 

142 

101 

76 

210 

76 

94 

66 

123 
87 
47 
53 

124 
84 

219 
69 
88 

136 
«2 
42 

110 
60 
59 
64 

112 

164 

137 

97 

27 

260 

478 

140 

69 

142 

101 

76 

210 

76 

94 

66 

123 
87 
47 
63 

126 
84 

220 
69 
88 

136 
62 
42 

110 
60 
69 
64 

112 

164 

137 

97 

27 

260 

478 

140 

69- 

142 

101 

76 

210 

76 

94 

66 

123 
87 
47 
53 

126 
84 

220 
69 
88 

136 
62 
42 

110 
60 
59 
64 

112 

164 

137 

97 

27 

250 

478 

140 

69 

142 

101 

76 

210 

76 

94 

66 

123 
87 
47 
63 

125 
84 

220 
69 
88 

136 
62 
42 

110 
60 
69 
64 

112 

164 

137 

97 

27 

260 

478 

140 

69 

.  142 

101 

76 

210 

76 

94 

66 

123 
87 
47 
63 

125 
84 

220 
69 
88 

136 
62 
42 

110 
60 

Elk      

Delaware " 

Delhi 

Milo 

Prairie 

South  Fork  

64 

Total 

2233 

1466 

2229 

1427 

2241 

1427 

2239 

1429 

2239 

1429 

2239 

1428 

2239 

1429 

416 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 


ABSTRACT 

OF  VOTES.- 

—Continued 

Member  of 

Congress   3d 

District. 

Judge  of  Cir- 
cuit Court 
9th  Judicial 
District. 

Clerk  of  the 
District 

and  Circuit 
Courts, 

Recorder. 

Supervisor. 

County  Seat. 

TOWNSHIPS. 

•g 

s 

m 

■3 

m 
o 

a 

1 

o 

w 
< 

1 

1 

i 

1 

d 

n 

1 

a 

1-5 

1 

CO 

. 

6 
1 

1 

3 

> 
1. 

i 

113 

166 

137 

96 

25 

248 

469 

135 

65 

138 

100 

76 

208 

76 

94 

66 

122 
87 
47 
54 

113 
86 

220 
70 
91 

140 
63 
42 

108 
60 
69 
64 

112 
166 
137 

97 

27 
248 
497 
146 

69 
162 
101 

78 
206 

76 
101 

66 

123 
86 
47 
63 

124 
82 

202 
66 
88 

117 
62 
39 

110 
64 
68 
64 

108 
106 
136 

97 

27 
248 
481 
142 

70 
165 
100 

73 
213 

76 
101 

66 

127 

144 
48 
53 

124 
82 

219 
69 
87 

122 
63 
43 

102 
63 
60 
64 

112 

160 

136 

89 

27 

239 

445 

133 

67 

138 

8(1 

26 

183 

75 

94 

36 

123 
97 
48 
61 

124 
95 

264 
76 
90 

140 
82 
89 

123 
64 
66 
93 

34 

165 

152 

124 

1 

71 
611 
121 

84 
262 
161 
102 
293 
124 
163 
123 

166 

72 

31 

15 

148 

260 

77 

S4 

73 

27 

6 

6 

26 

13 

8 

2 

36 

• 

234 
261 
183 

Elk 

163 

136 

90 

32 

183 

416 

110 

69 

133 

90 

77 

208 

74 

94 

66 

88 

49 

60 

119 

146 

270 

98 

88 

141 

73 

40 

107 

62 

59 

64 

24 

Honey  Creek... 
Eichland 

331 

North  rork... . 

157 

Delhi 

Mllo 

157 
115 

Prairie 

South  Fork 

319 

137 

Total   

2211 

1426 

1941 

1464 

2286 

1385 

2199 

1470 

2030 

1625 

2661 

1013 

35      1     9.A     1  SR^n 

DELAWARE  COUNTY  OFFICERS,  A.  D.  1841  TO  A.  D.  1878. 

(When  the  county  was  first  organized,  in  1841,  and  for  some  years  afterward, 
the  general  election  was  held  in  August,  generally  on  the  first  Monday  of  the 
month,  and  oflBcers  elect  entered  upon  their  duties  at  once.) 

County  Oommissioners. — William  H.  Whiteside,  William  Eads  and  Daniel 
Brown,  1841-42 ;  William  H.  Whiteside,  Simeon  Phillips  and  Missouri  Dick- 
son, 1842-43;  William  H.  Whiteside,  Missouri  Dickson  and  Simeon  Phillips, 
1843-44;  Henry  A.  Carter,  Simeon  Phillips  and  Missouri  Dickson,  1844-45; 
Henry  A.  Carter,  Lawrence  McNamee  and  Simeon  Phillips,  1845-46 ;  Henry 
A.  Carter,  Henry  Baker  and  Samuel  Mulliken,  1846-47  ;  Henry  A.  Carter, 
Samuel  Mulliken  and  Henry  Baker,  1847-48 ;  Henry  A.  Carter,  Samuel  Mul- 
liken and  Daniel  H.  Thornburg,  1848-49 ;  Lawrence  McNamee,  Daniel  H. 
Thornburg  and  Henry  A.  Carter,  1849-50 ;  Lawrence  McNamee,  Daniel  H. 
Thornburg  and  John  W.  Penn,  1850-51.     (Office  abolished,  1850.) 

JUDGES    OF    PROBATE. 

Roland  Aubrey,  1841-44;  Clement  Coffin,  1844-47;  A.  K.  Eaton, 
1847-50 ;  Z.  A.  Wellman,  1850-51.     (Office  changed  to  County  Judge,  1850.) 

COUNTY   JUDGES. 

John  Benson,  1851-55 ;  Frederick  B.  Doolittle,  1855-57 ;  A.  E.  House, 
1857-60;  Joel  Bailey,  1860-61.  (Confined  to  probate  powers  when  County 
Board  of  Supervisors  were  created,  in  1860.)  Z.  A.  Wellman,  1831-65 ;  Jere- 
miah B.  Boggs,  1866-69.     (Office  abolished,  1869.) 

SUPBRVISOKS. 

(In  1860,  the  County  Judge  system  of  county  government  was  abolished, 
and  a  Board  consisting  of  one  Supervisor  from  each  township  was  constituted. 
One-half  of  the  first  Board  served  one  year  and  the  other  half  two  years,  after 
which  eight  members  were  elected  annually  for  two  years.) 

For  1861,  Z.  D.  Scobey,  Chairman  ;  John  H.  Burrington,  Joseph  Lichten- 
bergh,  Charles  H.  Carpenter,  Clement  Coffin,  William  Price,  William  Crozier, 
Peter  Richardson,  Silas  Gilmore,  Ephraim  Frost,  Francis  McFall,  Aaron  Rich- 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  417 

ardson,   Samuel   P.   Whittaker,  Christopher  L.   Flint,   Daniel  Fuller,    Daniel 
Sheldon; 

For  1862,  Silas  Grilmore,  Chairman;  E.  K.  Frost,  C.  T.  Peet,  D.  Sheldon, 
Francis  Rubly,  F.  McFall,  Noble  Ruggles,  Abram  Parliman,  Philip  Stoner^ 
John  M.  Brayton,  William  Crozier,  P.  Richardson,  S.  P.  Whittaker,  C.  l'. 
Flint,  Daniel  Flint. 

For  1863,  N.  Ruggles,  Chairman ;  Joseph  Grimes,  Job  Gildersleeve,  C.  T. 
Peet,  S.  A.  Thompson,  F.  Rubly,  William  Cattron,  P.  Stoner,  W.  Crozier, 
James  Ha,rper,  S.  P.  Whittaker,  B.  P.  Miller,  W.  G.  Campbell,  Francis  Schultz, 
William  M.  Hartshorn. 

For  1864,  J.  Gildersleeve,  Chairman;  J.  Grimes,  0.  S.  Boggess,  S.  A. 
Thompson,  T.  Rubly,  Cummings  Sanborn,  Ferdinand  Dunham,  A.  Parliman, 
P.  Stoner,  W.  M.  Hartshorn,  W.  Crozier,  D.  K.  Fox,  J.  Harper,  S.  P.  Whit- 
taker, B.  P.  Miller,  W.  G.  Campbell. 

For  1865,  0.  S.  Boggess,  Chairman ;  J.  Grimes,.  H.  C.  Drybread,  F.  Rubly, 
C.  Sanborn,  F.  Dunham,  D.  P.  Baker,  P.  Stoner,  W.  M.  Hartshorn,  W.  Cro- 
zier, George  Cowell,  Leroy  Jackson,  S.  P.  Whittaker,  J.  M.  Ames,  D.  Fuller^ 
H.  G.'  Doolittle. 

For  1866,  Joseph  Grimes,  Chairman;  H.  C.  Drybread,  Alexander  Loban, 
S.  A.  Thompson,  James  Le  Gassick,  C.  Sanborn,  F.  Dunham,  D.  P.  Baker, 
John  Galyean,  Samuel  F.  Parker,  W.  Crozier,  Thomas  J.  Annis,  L.  Jackson, 
S.  P.  Whittaker,  J.  M.  Annis,  D.  Fuller. 

For  1867,  J.  Grimes,  Chairman;  Charles  Malven,  A.  Loban,  Daniel  Shel- 
don, J.  Le  Gassick,  Richard  Boon,  F.  Dunham,  D.  P.  Baker,  John  Galyean,  S, 
F,  Parker,  W.  Crozier,  T.  J.  Annis,  Wm.  Spence,  J.  M.  Annis,  Christopher  L. 
Flint,  Patrick  Donnelly. 

For  1868,  C.  L.  Flint,  Chairman ;  Joseph  Chapman,  C.  Malven,  C.  T.. 
Peet,  D.  Sheldon,  J.  Le  Gassick,  R.  Boon,  Wm.  Cattron,  R.  Norton,  Jesse  B, 
Bailey,  R.  Holdridge,  John  Brownell,  H.  Gardner,  W.  Spence,  J.  M.  Annis,. 
P.  Donnelly,  D.  P.  Baker. 

For  1869,  R.  Norton,  Chairman ;  A.  G.  Smith,  J.  Chapman,  W.  Cattron,  J. 
Le  Gassick,  Thomas  Conner,  C.  Sanborn,  R.  Holdridge,  J.  H.  Campbell,  Henry 
Elhers,  H.  Gardner,  J.  Brownell,  C.  Malven,  C.  T.  Peet,  Philip  Dale,  J.  B. 
Bailey. 

For  1870,  R.  Norton,  Chairman ;  H.  M.  Congar,  0.  E.  Taylor,  Charles 
Malven,  J.  H.  Campbell,  H.  Elhers,  J.  F.  Jackson,  J.  Chapman,  Philip  Dale, 
A.  G.  Smith,  C  Sanborn,  Albert  Boomer,  M.  P.  Spencer,  Thomas  Conner,  J. 
Le  Gassick,  William  Ford.  (Township  system  abolished  April  14,  1870,  and 
succeeded  by  a  board  of  three,  elected  by  the  coupty.)  t   a  v  i. 

For  7870,  Ferdinand  Dunham,  Chairman;  Joseph  Chapman,  J.  Salisbury. 

For  1871,  F.  Dunham,  Chairman ;  J.  Chapman,  Jesse  B.  Bailey. 

For  1872,  Same. 

For  1873,  Same. 

For  1874,  Same.  xx   ^   i»t     • 

For  1875,  J.  B.  Bailey,  Chairman ;  F.  Dunham,  H.  C.  Merriam. 

For  1876,  F.  Dunham,  Chairman ;  H.  C.  Merriam,  George  Staehle. 

For  1877,  Henry  C.  Merriam,  Chairman  ;  G.  Staehle,  F.  Dunham. 

For  1878,  G.  Staehle,  Chairman :  F.  Dunham,  James  L.  Gassick. 

Qlerka  of  the  Courts.— {"^^iQ  offices  of  Clerk  of  the  Courts  and  Clerk  ot 
County  Commissioners  and  Supervisors  were  held  by  the  same  person, 
although  distinct  under  the  law,  until  the  creation  of  the  office  ol  County 
Auditor.)     Charles  W.  Hobbs,  1841  to  1846 ;  J.  W.  Clark,  1846-7 ;  C.  W. 


418  '  HISTORY  OF  DELAWAKE  COUNTY. 

Hobbs,  1847-50;  James  E.  Anderson,  1850-51;  William  Price,  1851-4; 
James  Wright,  1854-62;  Eli  0.  Clemens,  1863-8;  A.  J.  Brown,  1869-72; 
G.  B.  Beveridge,  1873-4 ;  Jerome  B.  Satterlee,  1875-. 

Recorders.— 3 o\in  Padelford,  1841 ;  Charles  W.  Hobbs,  1842-7  ;  William 
Phillips,  1847-53;  Zina  A.  Wellman,  1854-5;  George  Wattson,  1856-7; 
Joel  Bailey,  1858-9 ;  Ray  B.  Griffin,  1861 ;  Z.  D.  Scobey,  1862-3 ;  0.  E. 
Taylor,  1864-5;  W.  H.  H.  Blanchard,  1866-7;  Henry  Harger,  1868-74; 
Henry  C.  Jackson,  1875-. 

Auditor. — Jeremiah  B.  Boggs,  1869-. 

Sheriffs. — Leroy  Jackson,  1841-4 ;  John  W.  Penn,  1844-50  ;  Isaac  Smith, 
1850-3 ;  John  W.  Penn,  1853-5 ;  Cornelius  T.  Peet,  1855-7 ;  Samuel  P. 
Parker,  1857-9;  Rensselaer  Eddy,  1859-61;  Jeremiah  B.  Boggs,  1862-3; 
Ancil  B.  Martin,  1864-5;  Wm.  M.  Williams,  1868-9;  C.  H.  Smith.  1870-1; 
Abner  Dunham,  1872-5 ;  John  W.  Corbin,  1876-7 ;  E.  S.  Cowles,  1878-. 

County  Treasurers. —  Robert  B.  Hutson,  1841-2;  Theodore  Marks, 
1842-3 ;  Joel  Bailey,  1843-4 ;  Drury  R.  Dance,  1844  (murdered  February, 
1845) ;  Oliver  A.  Olmstead,  appointed  to  fill  vacancy,  1845 ;  Joel  Bailey, 
1845-6 ;  Ira  A.  Green,  1846-7  ;  William  Phillips,  1847-53 ;  Zina  A.  Well- 
man,  1853-5  ;  George  Watson,  1855-7  ;  Joel  Bailey,  1858-9 ;  Ray  B.  Griffin, 
1860-61 ;  Z.  D.  Scobey,  1862-5 ;  Joseph  M.  Holbrook,  1866-. 

County  Surveyors. — Joel  Bailey,  1841-7  ;  John  W.  Clark,  1847-53 ;  Joel 
Bailey,  1853-5;  W.  P.  Cunningham,  1855-7;  Hiram  D.  Wood,  1857-9; 
Henry  L.  Ryan,  1860-61 ;  Charles  Harger,  1862-3 ;  James  G.  Verplank, 
1864-5;  Henry  G.  Doolittle,  1866-71;  Silas  Sawyer,  1872-5;  Grin  E. 
Noble,  1876-. 

School  Fund  Commissioners.  —  John  Benson,  1849-51 ;  Joel  Bailey, 
1851-3 ;  Peter  Case,  1854-5 ;  John  Hefner,  1855-6. 

County  Superintendents  of  Schools. — Horatio  N.  Gates,  1858-9  ;  Ezra  F. 
Chase,  1860-61 ;  John  L.  McCreery,  1862-3 ;  Rodney  W.  Tirrell,  1864-7 ; 
Ferdinand  W.  Dunham,  1867  ;  Samuel  Calvin,  1868 ;  Jerome  B.  Satterlee, 
1869 ;  John  Kennedy,  1870-71  ;•  William  H.  Merton,  1872-5 ;  Robert  M- 
Ewart,  1876-. 

MEMBERS    OF   THE    LEGISLATURE. 

Assembly. — Arial  K.  Eaton,  1850-63 ;  James  M.  Noble,  1856-7  ;  Joseph 
Grimes,  1858-9;  John  W.  Le  Lacheur,  1860-61;  Salue  G.  Van  Anda,  1862-8; 
Joseph  W.  Simpson,  1864-5 ;  Albert  Boomer,  1866-7 ;  Cummings  Sanborn, 
1868-71 ;  Cornelius  T.  Peet,  1872-5 ;  Joseph  Chapman,  1876-7-8-. 

Senate.  — 3o\\n  M.  Brayton  (Rep.),  1864-5,  1866-7;  Joseph  Grimes, 
(Rep.),  1868-9,  1870-1;  Albert  Boomer  (Rep.),  1872-3,  1874-5;  Lewis  G. 
Hersey  (Rep.),  1876-7  .  Charles  E.  Bronson  (Dem.),  1878-. 

Third  Constitutional  Convention. — John  H.  Peters,  1858. 

TOWNSHIP  OFFICERS. 

Colony. — Assessor,  Lawrence  McNamee ;  Clerk,  F.  A.  Grimes  ;  Trustees, 
Thomas  Cole,  G.  W.  Rea  and  George  F.  Potts  ;  Constable  to  fill  vacancy,  Rob- 
ert Currie ;  Road  Supervisors,  District  No.  2,  J.  Landis.  Jr.;  No.  3,  H.  Hub- 
bard; No.  4,  H.  H.  Klaus;  No.  5,  John  Merten;  No.  6,  John  C.  Wood;  No. 
7,  A.  B.  Holbert;  No.  8,  H.  Dittmer;  No.  9,  C.  Bockenstedt. 

Mk. — Justice,  M.  Blodgett ;  Assessor,  Jonathan  Fosselman ;  Clerk,  Jona- 
than Fosselman ;  Trustees,  J.  S.  Drybread,  C,  S.  Taylor  and  R.  H.  Mason ; 
Constable,  H.  Wilson ;  Road  Supervisors,  none  elected. 


SHERirF;  DELHI 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  421 

Emey  Creeh. — Justice,  James  K.  Alcorn;  Assessor,  C.  T.  Peet;  Clerk 
Seymour  Piatt ;  Trustees,  J.  F.  Grraham,  Robert  Fishel  and  Elias  Way ;  Con- 
stables, G.  S.  Snover,  H.  C.  Steele;  Road  Supervisors,  District  No  1  'r  N 
Steele  ;  No.  2,  F.  B.  Peet ;  No.  3,  H.  Ryan ;  No.  4,  J.  E.  Eldredge ; '  No.  5 
William  Parker ;  No.  6,  E.  'L.  Jerrod ;  No.  7,  R.  Van  Sickle ;  No.  8,  C.  A. 
Grow. 

Richland. — Assessor,  W.  P.  Sheldon ;  Clerk,  L.  S.  Sherwin  ;  Trustees,  H. 
Middleton,  A.  E.  Lawrence,  William  Weston ;  Constable,  V.  Wheeler ;  Road 
■Supervisor,  District  No.  2,  Thomas  Clark. 

Bremen. — Justice,  Jacob  Klespies  ;  Assessor,  Arnold  Bockenstedt ;  Clerk, 
F.  Rubly ;  Trustees,  A.  Honkamp,  A.  Bockenstedt,  F.  Kramer ;  Road  Super- 
visors, District  No.  1,  B.  D.  Na.ber;  No.  2,  A.  Honkamp;  No.  3,  B.  Nurre;  No. 

4,  Conrad  Schmenker ;  No.  5,  John  Schleikman ;  No.  6,  John  Kenn. 

Oneida. — Assessor,  R.  H.  Van  Wagenen ;  Clerk,  L  Wheelock,  Jr.;  Trus- 
tees, John  Cruise,  Jr.,  Delos  Gillespie,  W.  W.  Shaw ;  Road  Supervisors,  Dis- 
trict No.  1,  J.  Box;  No.  2,  E.  Hulbert;  No.  3,  M.  F.  Hunt;  No.  4,  J.  Deily; 
No.  5,  J.  Medland ;  No.  6,  J.  Breckon. 

Delaware. — Justice,  Charles  Husted ;  Assessor,  H.  L.  Ryan ;  Clerk,  S.  L. 
Doggett ;  Trustees,  Alonzo  Shew,  Ira  Howland,  Lewis  Paxson ;  Road  Super- 
visors, none  elected. 

Coffin's  Grove. — Assessor,  Oscar  Wellman  ;  Clerk,  F.  S.  Harris  ;  Trustees, 
T.  E.  Smith,  C.  P.  Tripp,  David  Buck;  Roa.d  Supervisors,  District  No.  1,  C. 
Glitcher ;  No.  2,  G.  Trumblee ;  No.  3,  R.  P.  Harris ;  No.  4,  William  Cook ;  No. 

5,  M.  S.  Van  Auken;  No.  6,  P.  McCann;  No.  7,  H.  G.  Wellman;  No.  8,  John 
Conner ;  No.  9,  H.  Hilton. 

North  Fork. — Assessor,  J.  B.  Galyean ;  Clerk,  E.  B.  Gould ;  Trustees, 
Robert  Nicholson,  J.  J.  Smith,  H.  Arnold ;  Constable,  A.  Macomber ;  Road 
Supervisors,  District  No.  2,  Simon  Ganser;  No.  3,  A.  Macomber;  No.  4,  Rich- 
ard Cook;  No.  5,  John  Goldsmith;  No.  6,  Eli  Ruddlesdin;No.  7,  C.  Page. 

Delhi. — Assessor,  Samuel  Allison,  Sr. ;  Clerk,  Henry  Harger ;  Trustees,  R. 
W.  Furman,  L.  Terpening,  Mortimer  Smith ;  Road  Supervisors,  District  No. 
1,  John  W .  Corbin ;  No.  2,  Wm.  Robinson ;  No.  3,  V.  M.  Babcock ;  No.  4,  An- 
drew Sweeney  ;  No.  5.  a  tie  on  A.  Tegard  and  J.  Crosier ;  No.  6,  Frank  Real ; 
No.  7,  C.  T.  Fitzsimmons;  No.  8,  Mr.  Wheelock;  No.  9,  J.  Pettilon. 

Milo. — Assessor,  L.  F.  Muckler;  Clerk,  H.  G.  Porter;  Trustees,  William 
Crosier,  Judson  Muzzy,  S.  R.  Young ;  Constable,  Joseph  Kenney ;  Road 
Supervisors,  District  No.  1,  a  tie  on  M.  Lanning  and  T.  Elder ;  No.  2,  Isaac 
Wright;  No.  8,  A.  Estabrook;  No.  4,  John  Wiser;  No.  5,  Jacob  Banta;  No.  6, 
John  Clark ;  No.  7,  A.  F.  Tanquary ;  No.  8,  E.  M.  Hamblin ;  No.  9,  a  tie  on 
Judson  Muzzy  and  George  Belknap;  No.  10,  S.  R.  Young;  No.  11,  H.  J. 
Vanfleet. 

Prairie. — Justice,  Fred.  Durey ;  Assessor,  Geo.  E.  Gemmill ;  Clerk,  H.  C. 
Wiley;  Trustees,  James  Lendrum,  Andrew  Miller,  H.  Stiles;  Constables, 
Albert  Durey,  J.  D.  Annis ;  Road  Supervisors,  District  No.  1,  R.  W.  Porte- 
ous ;  No.  2,  H.  W.  Lawrence ;  No.  3,  W.  B.  Britton ;  No.  4,  R.  F.  Stewart ;  No. 
5,  Michael  Hahessy;  No.  6,  J.  S.  Barry;  No.  7,  Thomas  Hines;  No.  8,  C.  W. 
OsirrotnGrs  • 

South  Fork.— Assessor,  Charles  Crocker ;  Clerk.  J.  A.  Rollins ;  Trustees, 
G  R.  Browder,  G.  H.  Crawford.  E.  M.  Chaplin ;  Road  Supervisors,  District 
No.  2,  E.  Green;  No.  3,  D.  H.  Tate;  No.  4,  Alex.  Livingstone;  No.  5,  R.L. 
Ambrose;  No.  6,  John  Mullen;  No.  7,  Thos.  Dewalt;  No.  8,  H.  W.iReed;  No. 
9,  G.  H.  Brown. 


422  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

Union. — Assessor,  R.  C.  Winch;  Clerk,  Ed.  Barnes;  Trustees,  J.  D. 
Smith,  J.  C.  Thompson,  Wm.  Porter;  Constable,  J.  E.  Stanger;  Road  Super- 
visors, District  No.  1,  W.  B.  Keith;  No.  2,  Wm.  Loveland;  No.  3,  Nicholas 
Wilson ;  No.  4,  Thomas  Kelley ;  No.  5,  John  Lyon ;  No.  6,  W.  B.  Wheelis. 

Hazel  Green. — Assessor,  C.  H.  Stillwell ;  Clerk,  C.  H.  Stillwell;  Trustees, 
S.  S.  Squires,  William  Thomas,  B.  P.  Miller ;  Road  Supervisors,  District  No. 
1,  N.  Green;  No.  2,  Wm.  P.  Dickey;  No.  3,  Clarence  Tinkham;  No.  4,  S.  S. 
Squires;  No.  5,  D.  O'Kane;  No.  6,  J.  Grover;  No.  7,  M.  Summers;  No.  8,  S. 
Ellison. 

Adams. — Assessor,  Dennis  Magirl ;  Clerk,  Wto.  Dover ;  Trustees,  A.  Gr. 
Todd,  Henry  Ehlers,  James  Robinson ;  Road  Supervisors,  District  No.  1,  W. 

F.  -Titus ;  No.  2,  J.  Magirl ;  No.  3,  J.  Robinson ;  No.  4,  P.  McEnany ;  No.  5,  A. 

G.  Todd;  No.  6,  J.  K.  Hallam;  No.  7,  P.  Beham;  No.  8,  Christopher  Smith. 

SOCIETY  OF  EARLY  SETTLERS  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

On  Wednesday,  January  17,  1877,  the  pioneers  of  Delaware  County  assem- 
bled in  goodly  numbers  in  the  City  Hall  at  Manchester.  E.  0.  Clemens,  Esq., 
was  called  to  the  chair,  and  Mr.  E.  Healy  elected  Secretary.  The  objects  of  the 
meeting  were  stated  by  Mr.  B.  H.  Keller,  after  which  a  constitution  was  adopted 
and  oflScers  elected  as  follows : 

President,  Hon.  Joel  Bailey  ;  Vice  Presidents,  J.  S.  Barry,  Prairie  ;  B,  H. 
Keller,  Delaware ;  John  Magirl,  Adams ;  L.  McNamee,  Colony ;  John  Lilli- 
bridge,  Milo;  Aaron  Sullivan,  Coffin's  Grove;  A.  A.  Strong,  Honey  Creek; 
H.  D.  Wood,  Richland  ;  A.  Parliman,  Elk  ;  John  W.  Penn,  Delhi ;  James 
Le  Gassick,  Bremen  ;  William  Nicholson,  North  Fork  ;  Leroy  Jackson,  South 
Fork  ;  C.  L.  Flint,  Hazel  Green ;  S.  B.  Whittaker,  Union,  and  H.  C.  Merry, 
Oneida,  Secretary ;  L.  L.  Ayers,  Recording  Secretary  and  Treasurer. 

By  a  vote  of  the  society,  the  wives  of  all  pioneers  were  declared  honorary 
members. 

The  following  is  the  roll  of  members  so  far  as  can  be  ascertained,  with  the 
places  of  nativity  and  date  of  settlement  in  Delaware  County  : 

Joel  Bailey,  born  in  New  York,  came  to  Delaware  County,  March,  1838 ; 
Henry  Baker,  New  York,  June,  1841 ;  John  Lillibridge,  Mrs.  J.  Lillibridge, 
New  York,  October,  1843 ;  Aaron  Sullivan,  Ohio,  November,  1844 ;  C.  Gr. 
Reynolds,  Pennsylvania,  1844;  Mrs.  S.  E.  Tilton,  Pennsylvania,  1845;  E.  D. 
Olmstead,  New  York,  1847  ;  Joseph  S.  Belknap,  Vermont,  May,  1848  ;•  H.  D. 
Wood,  Kentucky,  November,  1848  ;  B.  Tilton,  Pennsylvania,  1850 ;  G.  R. 
Buckley,  New  York,  1850  ;  D.  S.  Potter,  New  York,  May,  1850 ;  Henry  Acers, 
New  York,  March,  1850;  S.  Knickerbocker,  New  York,  1851;  James  Lewis- 
ton,  Ireland,  June,  1852 ;  E.  J.  Skinner,  New  York,  1852  ;  J.  C.  Skinner, 
New  York,  1852  ;  N.  Andrews,  New  York,  1852  ;  T.  Crosby,  Massachusetts, 
1852 ;  J.  W.  Bobbins,  Massachusetts,  1852 ;  Allen  Love,  Scotland,  September, 
1852  ;  W.  Potter,  Iowa,  November  18,  1852  ;  Mrs.  T.  Crosby,  Massachusetts, 

1852  ;  Mrs.  E.  A.  Strong,  New  York,  1853 ;  Mrs.  W.  B.  Smith,  New  York, 

1853  ;  W.  B.  Smith,  Canada,  Spring,  1853  ;  A.  Swindle,  Ireland,  April,  1853  ; 
Jas.  McLaughlin,  Ireland,  1853  ;  A.  A.  Strong,  Ohio,  1853  ;  Rufus  Dickinson, 
New  York,  May,  1853 ;  Chauncey  M.  Mead,  Indiana,  May,  1853 ;  J.  F.  Gil- 
lespie, Michigan,  Fall,  1853 ;  W.  J.  Doolittle,  New  York,  October,  1853 ;  H. 
L.  Ryan,  New  York,  July,  1854 ;  H.  Munson,  New  York,  1854 ;  S.  P.  Mo- 
shier,  New  York,  1854;  M.  Eldridge,  June,  1854  ;  William  Ryan,  New  York, 
1854;    S.  J.   Edmonds,  Winter,  1854;    Mrs.  A.  Kirkpatrick,  May,  1854; 


HISTORY  OP  DELAWARE  COUNTF.  423 

William  Cattron,  May,  1854;  B.  M.  Amsden,  New  York,  Spring  1854-  T,i« 

tin  Healy,  Vermont,  1864  ;  H.  P.  Dufiy,  Ohio,  Spring,  1854  ;  E    Healy'  C^n' 

ada  East,  May,  1854 ;  J.  B.  Robertson,  Prince  Edward's  Island,  1854  ■'  Mrs 


H.  Ryan,  New  York,  1858 ;  A.  N.  Smith,  Winter,  1855  ;  E.  L  Tomlinson 
1855  ;  John  Towslee,  Spring,  1855 ;  Mrs.  F.  Dunham,  New  York  Februarv' 
1855  ;  I.  U.  Butler,  New  Yo,k,  Spring,  1855 ;  F.  Dunham,  New  Yo4   Feb 


1855  ;  W.  H.  Hollister,  New  York,  1855 ;  A.  Shew,  New  York,  1855;  Thos.  Too'- 
good,  England,  Jan.,  1855  ;  S.  G.  Van  Anda,  Pennsylvania,  April  1855-  S   R 
Young,  Maryland,  Oct.,  1855  ;  James  Dunham,  Indiana,  1855  ;  Henry  Lister" 
England,  March,  1855  ;  Thomas  Hilliar,  England,  1855  ;  F.  Bethell   England' 
1855;  W.  H.  Board,  June,  1855;  A.  Kirkpatrick,  Indiana,  1855;  R.  M.  Marvin' 
Ohio,  1855  ;  A.  Dunham,  Indiana,  1855  ;  Edson  Merrell,  New  Hampshire  Aug: ' 
1855;  H.   M.    Congar,  New  York,  March,  18^6  ;   Oliver  Cronk   New' York' 
April,  1856;  E.  Hamblin,  New  York,  1856;  E.  P.  Orvis,  New  York   1856- 
L.  S.  Shirwin,  New  York,  1856  ;  B.  H.  Keller,  New  York,  April,  1856;  John 
S.  Barry,  Massachusetts,  April,  1856 ;  Alfred  Durey,  England,  April   'l856  • 
Mrs.  Alfred   Durey,  England,  April,  1856 ;  R.  W.  Tirrell,  New  Hampshire' 
November,    1856  ;    D.    Young,    Maryland,    1856 ;    Mrs.   E.    Hamblin     Ohio' 
Spring,  1856  ;  D.  P.  Ferris,  Ohio,  1856';  D.  Magiri,  Ireland,  May,  1856  ;  a' 
H.  McKay,  Virginia,  April,  1856  ;  James  Clugston,  Indiana,  August,  1856  ; 
N.  Denton,  England,  1856  ;   Chas.  Paxson,  Pennsylvania,  1856 ;   John  Magiri' 
Ireland,   1856  ;  D.  Pierce,   Massachusetts,  1856  ;   G.  S.  Snover,  New  Jersey' 
March,  1856  ;  Mrs.  E.  P.  Orvis,  Maine,  1856 ;  A.  F.  Coon,  New  York  June 
1857;  H.  N.  Cornish,  New  York,  1857  ;  D.  R.  Lewis,  New  York,  1857  ;  A.' 
Sheldon,  Massachusetts,  April,  1857  ;  Thomas  Vibbard,  New  York,  1858  ;  A. 
S.  Blair,  New  York,  October,  1858 ;  Seth  Brown,  England,  January,   1858 ; 
J.  U.  Schelling,  Switzerland,  1858  ;  J.  B.  Frentress,  Illinois,  March,  1860 ;  l! 
S.  Gates,  Ohio,  1860  ;  Mrs.  J.  F.  Gillespie,  Michigan,  June,  1861 ;  S.  W.  Green, 
New  York,  1861  ;  E.  0.  Clemans,  Massachusetts,  June,  1855  ;  Alfred  Coates, 
New  York,  October,  1854  ;  Ann  Coates,  New  York,  Oct.,  1854 ;  Philemon  Stowe' 
Thomas  E.  Averitt,  Wisconsin,  July,  1855:    William  S.  Adams,  from  Penn- 
sylvania, 1854;  Thomas  Cole,  New  York,  June,  1847;  Daniel  S.  Cairl,  Penn- 
sylvania, November,  1854;  Michael  Cole,  Tennessee,  September,  1853;  Thos. 
Carrigan,  Canada,  November,  1851;  Benj.  Coleman,  Pennsylvania,  April,  1850  ; 
Marion  Cloud,  Pennsylvania,  November,  1848;  Francis  Curler,  Vermont,  June, 
1849;    George   Conrad,  Illinois,  April,  1849;    Joseph    Chapman,  New  York, 
December,  1850;    P.  C.  Boisinger,  Pennsylvania,  April,  1847;  Wm.  Bohnen- 
kamp,  Germany,  August,  1846;  John  V.  Bush,  Pennsylvania,  October,  ]852; 
Wm.  Barker,  Rhode  Island,  1857;    Geo.  W.  Bush,  Pennsylvania,  1853;   C. 
Bockenstedt,  Germany,  1856;  James  Dickson,  Indiana,  1857;  Robert  Dickson, 
Scotland,  1851 ;  Wm.  Ellis,  New  York,  1860;  John  Fishel,  Ohio,  June,  1850  ; 
Joseph  Grimes,  New  York,  June,  1845;    Wm.  H.  Graves,  New  Hampshire, 
April,  1848;    G.  H.  Goodken,  Ohio,  1846;    J.  Hubbard,  Connecticut,  April, 
1841;    Patrick  Hogan,  Pennsylvania,  May,  1845;    Hezekiah  Hubbard,  Penn- 
sylvania,  1846;    James  Hughes,  New  York,  May,  1852;    Harmie  Hulbert, 
Illinois,  May,  1853 ;    Joseph  Holbert,  Pennsylvania,  April,  1855 ;    Jerome  B. 
Jacobs,  New  York,  June,   1856;    John  D.  Klaus,  Missouri,  August,  1842; 
H.  H.  Klaus,  Missouri,  June,  1845 ;    Anton  Knipling,  Germany,  June,  1854 ; 
Rudolph  Keller,  Pennsylvania,  March,  1855 ;     Henry  Kipp,  Illinois,  April, 
]  857 ;    David  Knee,  Pennsylvania,  April,  1855 ;    S.  G.  Knee,  Pennsylvania, 
April,  1855;    John  H.  Knee,  Pennsylvania,  April,  1855;   Jamfs  Knee,  Penn- 
sylvania, April,  1855;    Frank  Keller,  Pennsylvania,  March,  1855;    0.  H.  T. 


424  HISTOKY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

Knee,  Pennsylvania,  April,  1856 ;  Jacob  Landis,  Pennsylvania,  April,  1842 ; 
Joshua  Landis,  Pennsylvania,  April,  1842;  Jacob  Landis,  Jr.,  Pennsylvania, 
April,  1842;  Theo.  Lampraan,  Germany,  April,  1849;  B.  H.  Luhrsman,  Ohio, 
April,  1855 ;  J.  B.  Moreland,  Pennsylvania,  April,  1839 ;  George  Link,  Ger- 
many, April,  1858 ;  Fred.  Merten,  Missouri,  May,  1843 ;  John  S.  Merten, 
Missouri,  September,  1843;  L.  McNamee,  Missouri,  September,  1842;  E.  L. 
McNamee,  Missouri,  September,  1842 ;  Joseph  Malvin,  Pennsylvania,  Septem- 
ber, 1846;  John  McMahon,  Iowa,  September,  1846;  F.  0.  Nichols,  New  York, 
September,  1852;  Herman  Ovel,  Germany,  September,  1852;  John  Piatt, 
Pennsylvania,  September,  1843;  Jacob  Piatt,  Pennsylvania,  September,  1843; 
Jeremiah  Page,  Missouri,  September,  1847  ;  Perry  Perkins,  Missouri,  Septem- 
ber, 1848 ;  Daniel  Partridge,  Ohio,  September,  1853 ;  James  Rutherford,  Illi- 
nois, July,  1838;  Wm.  Reueepiper,  Germany,  July,  1846;  G.  W.  Rea,  Ohio, 
July,  1848;  A.  Ree,  Ohio,  July,  1848;  Geo.  T.  Rea,  Ohio,  July,  1848;  R. 
Steadman,  Canada,  July,  1855;  Chas.  Simon,  New  York,  May,  1849;  F.  B. 
Simons,  New  York,  April,  1849;  Jacob  D.  Smith,  Pennsylvania,  April,  1843; 
Philip  Stillinger,  Ohio,  1855;  Edward  Smout,  Pennsylvania,  April,  1852;  Ja- 
cob H.  Smith,  Pennsylvaoia,  April,  1858;  Henry  Tapka,  Ohio,  April,  1855; 
John  C.  Wood,  England,  June,  1848;  R.  Wilson,  New  York,  May,  1851;  A. 
Partridge,  Ohio,  April,  1853. 

The  society  resolved  to  meet  at  Manchester,  June  13,  1877,  and  the  arrange- 
ment was  to  have  a  picnic  dinner  at  the  Park ;  but  the  weather  being  inaus- 
picious, the  meeting  was  held  in  the  City  Hall,  and  the  dinner  served  in  the 
Mayor's  ofiBce.  The  programme  has  been  published  for  the  second  re-union,  to 
be  held  at  Manchester,  Wednesday,  June  12,  1878. 

DELAWARE    COUNTY   AGRICULTURAL   SOCIETY. 

The  first  Agricultural  Society  in  Delaware  was  organized  at  Delhi,  in  1855, 
the  preliminary  meeting  being  held  in  J.  M.  Brayton's  law  office.  Officers  were 
elected,  and  the  association  was  regularly  incorporated  June  9th,  of  that  year, 
with  John  Hefner,  President,  and  J.  M.  Brayton,  Secretary.  The  other  incor- 
porators were  J.  W.  Penn,  A.  E.  House,  L.  Burrington,  David  Connor,  George 
Shelden,  James  Wright,  Hiram  Raster,  Sealy  Kaster,  B.  Raster,  0.  S.  Boggs, 
Alexander  Loban,  Marshall  Hancock  and  F.  B.  Doolittle.  A  fair  was  held 
that  year,  the  Court  House  being  appropriated  for  the  floral  and  art  hall,  and 
the  fair  of  1856  was  held  at  the  Court  House  also.  It  is  stated  that  Asa  Belden, 
who  had  rented  N.  Wilson's  farm,  exhibited  at  the  fair  of  1855  some  wheat  he 
had  raised  that  season,  and  that  Wilson  competed  with  him  from  the  same  crop.  ' 
A  dispute  arose  as  to  who  should  receive  the  premium ;  but  how  the  matter  was 
settled  is  not  recorded. 

When  the  fairs  were  held  at  the  Court  House,  an  entry  fee  was  exacted  from 
exhibitors,  which  enabled  the  society  to  pay  its  premiums.  The  last  two  fairs 
were  held  on  the  land  owned  by  Andrew  Stone,  just  north  of  the  village,  and 
here  an  admission  fee  was  charged,  the  percentage  on  premiums  being  aban- 
doned. It  is  said  that  the  exhibitions,  considering  the  youth  of  the  county  and 
its  scanty  population,  were  very  creditable,  and  one  or  two  especially  so. 

In  i860,  the  society  indicated  a  willingness  to  locate  permanently  at  such 
town  as  should  offer  the  most  substantial  inducements  in  the  way  of  ground  and 
buildings.  Accordingly  the  people  of  Nottingham  (Earlville),  Delaware,  Man- 
chester and  Delhi  submitted  propositions.  The  society  appointed  Mr.  Robin- 
son, of  Prairie,  H.  D.  Wood,  of  Richland,  and  L.  McNamee,  of  Colony,  a  com- 
mittee to  visit  the  proposed  aites  and  report  thereon.     Robinson  and  Wood  re- 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  425 

ported  in  favor  of  Manchester,  the  proposition  from  that  town  pledging  $1,500 
in  money  and  the  use  of  forty  acres  of  ground  owned  by  Allen  Love.  The 
society  met  to  consider  the  report,  which  was  concurred  in  by  Mr.  McNamee 
except  as  to  the  recommendation  of  Manclicsier.  The  vote  of  the  Directors 
split  up,  Manchester  having  just  half,  and  the  other  towns  having  each  a  few 
votes.  The  situation  grew  critical,  but,  it  is  said,  a  solution  was  reached  by  a 
hurried  consultation  between  a  keen-witted  resident  of  Manchester  and  a  gentle- 
man who  was  once  SheriflF  of  the  county,  and  at  that  time  owner  of  a  large  T;ract 
of  land  just  west  of  Manchester.  These  gentlemen  concluded  that  a  ten-dollar 
bill,  judiciously  invested,  would  be  a  persuasive  argument  with  the  Director 
from  Union.  His  vote  was  won,  and  Manchester  had  secured  the  prize.  Her 
delegation  hurried  home  to  make  a  night  of  it  with  an  oyster  supper  and  the 
music  of  an  anvil.  The  society  employed  an  attorney  to  draw  up  a  lease  be- 
tween that  body  and  Mr.  Love,  but  that  gentleman  would  not  sign  the  docu- 
ment as  prepared.  The  Board  afterward  met  and  reconsidered  its  vote,  defeating 
the  application  of  Manchester  and  making  the  expenditure  of  the  ten  dollars,  just 
alluded  to,  a  needless  one,  and  the  society  remained  at  Delhi. 

The  last  annual  fair  was  held  in  1861.  The  outbreak  of  the  civil  war, 
together  with  the  disgust  of  the  unsuccessful  contestants  for  the  location  of  the 
society,  tended  to  impair  its  usefulness,  and  the  corporation  quietly  yielded  up 
the  ghost. 

About  1863,  the  farmers  of  Delaware  had  organized  a  Farmers'  Club,  which 
held  monthly  meetings  at  Manchester,  the  records  of  which  are  not  now 
accessible.  March  3,  1866,  this  club  held  a  meeting  in  Manchester.  At  this 
meeting,  a  committee  that  had  been  previously  appointed  reported  that  nothing 
had  been  accomplished  in  regard  to  fair  grounds.  The  sam.  committee  was 
then  instructed  to  call  a  meeting  of  the  citizens  of  the  county  at  Manchester, 
on  the  17th  day  of  March,  1866,  to  organize  a  County  Agricultural  Society  for 
Delaware  County. 

On  the  day  appointed,  a  large  number  of  citizens  assembled  in  Carpenter's 
Hall.  A.  F.  Coon  was  elected  Chairman  of  the  convention,  and  A.  S.  Blair, 
Secretary.  March  17th,  1866,  an  Agricultural  Society  was  formed,  with  the 
following  officers :  President,  T.  Crosby ;  Treasurer,  F.  Dunham  ;  Secretary, 
L.  S.  Gates  ;  Vice  Presidents,  S.  Gilmore,  H.  C.  Drybread,  0.  S.  Boggs,  H.  D. 
Wood,  H.  Gardner,  N.  Ruggles,  C.  Sanborn,  James  Le  Gassick,  Philip  Stoner, 
Washington  J.  Graham,  J.  J.  Cleveland,  T.  J.  Annis,  James  Robinson,  N.  J. 
Wolcott,  A.  P.  Blanchard,  Leroy  Jackson.  An  effort  was  made  to  procure  fair 
grounds.  Several, meetings  were  held,  but  the  organization  apparently  lacked 
vitality,  and  after  lingering  about  a  year,  it  ceased  to  be. 

In  1869,  the  project  was  revived,  and,  upon  call,  a  meeting  of  the  farmers 
of  Delaware  County  was  held  in  Burnside  Hall,  Manchester,  January  30, 
1869,  for  the  purpose  of  organizing  an  Agricultural  Society.  N.  Ruggles  was 
Chairman  of  the  meeting,  and  J.  Piper,  Secretary.  At  this  meetmg  a  consti- 
tution was  adopted  and  adjourned  to  February  20th,  when  the  organization  ot 
the  Delaware  County  Agricultural  Society  was  fully  organized  by  choice  ot  the 
following  officers :  President,  N.  Ruggles  ;  Vice  President  W.  J.  Graham ; 
Secretary,  J.  Piper  ;  Treasurer,  C.  L.  Flint;  Directors,  Silas  Gi  Imore,  Co  ony  ; 
J.  H.  Robinson,  Elk ;  A.  A.  Strong,  Honey  Creek;  H.  D.  Wood,  Richland; 
J.  Le  Gassick,  Bremen  ;  H.  C.  Merry,  Oneida;  A.  F.  Coon,  Delaware;  A  Sul- 
livan, Coffin's  Grove ;  J.  B.  Bailey,  North  Fork  ;  A.  E.  Martin,  Delhi ;  0.  E. 
Taylor,  Milo ;  M.  Stimpson,  Prairie;  P.  H.  Warner,  South  Fork ;  J.  M.Ames, 
Union     J.  B.  Dickey,  Hazel  Green;  James  Taylor,  Adams.     Messrs.   Coon, 


426  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

Graham  and  Flint  were  appointed  a  committee  on  grounds ;  Messrs.  Ruggles, 
Coon  and  Graham,  a  committee  to  canvass  for  subscriptions  in  aid  of  fixing  up 
the  grounds.  March  19th,  Mr.  A.  Sheldon,  who  had  a  tract  east  of  the  town, 
proposed  to  lease  the  grounds,  forty-five  rods  front,  to  the  Society  for  a  fair,  to 
be  held  in  the  Fall,  for  fifty  dollars..  Accepted.  These  grounds  were  after- 
ward leased  for  a  term  of  years  and  fitted  up  expressly  for  the  use  of  the  So- 
ciety. The  first  exhibition  and  fair  was  held  September  22,  23  and  24, 1869, 
with  such  gratifying  results  that  the  permanent  success  of  the  Society  was 
determined  beyond  question. 

At  this  fair,  $1,000  was  distributed  for  premiums.  In  1874,  premiums 
amounting  to  $1,520.50  were  awarded.  In  1876,  $1,003.00  were  paid  for 
premiums,  and  the  total  receipts  were  $1,763.17.  In  1877;  the  total  receipts 
were  $2,205.82 ;  paid  out  for  premiums,  $1,250  ;  and  March  5,  1878,  there 
was  a  balance  in  the  treasury  of  $87.82. 

Any  person  can  become  a  life  member  of  the  Society  on  payment  of  $20 ; 
for  five  years,  $5.00.  The  Society,  in  1876,  had  294  members.  OSicers  1878: 
President,  B.  H.  Keller;  Vice  Prsident,  F.  Dunham;  Secretary,  Watson 
Childs ;  Treasurer,  Samuel  Allison ;  Directors,  John  Young,  Elk ;  A.  A. 
Strong,  Honey  Creek ;  H.  D.  Wood,  Richland ;  G.  W.  Long,  Oneida ;  M. 
Eldridge,  Milo;  George  E.  Gemmill,  Prairie  ;  Anthony  Swindle,  Adams  ;  P.  H. 
Warner,  South  Fork;  John  Piatt,  Colony;  S.  P.  Peters,  Coffin's  Grove; 
Luman  Sly,  Delaware ;  J.  Le  Gassick,  Bremen  ;  J.  B.  Bailey,  North  Fork  ;  E.  J. 
Delemater,  Delhi ;  W.  G.  Dickey,  Hazel  Green ;  Wm.  Danford,  Union. 

DELAWARE  COUNTY  FARMERS'  INSTITUTE. 

This  organization  was  planned  and|  organized  by  the  County  Council  of 
Patrons  of  Husbandry,  and  holds  its  sessions  annually  for  three  days  and  four 
evenings,  commencing  on  the  Tuesday  evening  on  or  before  the  full  moon  in 
January.  The  first  session  was  held  at  Manchester,  January,  1875 ;  the  second 
at  Earlville,  the  third  at  Delaware,  and  the  fourth,  in  1878,  at  Manchester. 
Two  months  prior  to  each  session,  topics  are  selected  by  a  committee  of  three, 
appointed  for  that  purpose.  Three  or  more  speakers  are  assigned  to  each  topic, 
each  to  have  twenty  minutes.  These  discussions,  together  with  essays,  addresses, 
etc.,  interspersed  with  vocal  music,  constitute  the  exercises,  all  conducted  by 
farmers,  their  wives,  sons  and  daughters.  "  These  institutes,"  says  Mr.  L, 
0.  Stevens,  "  have  hitherto  commanded  large  and  full  attendance,  as  well  as 
the  profound  respect  of  the  citizens  of  the  county,  and  are  a  tower  of  strength 
and  influence  in  advancing  the  farming  and  educational  interests  of  the  yeo- 
manry of  our  county.  Usually  each  speaker  presents  carefully  prepared 
papers  on  the  topic  in  question.  Reports  of  these  papers  are  published  in  the 
county  journals,  and  many  papers  have  been  published  entire  ;  and  I  observe 
that  other  journals,  in  the  State  and  out,  have  copied- some  of  the  articles  of 
the  Institute  of  1878. 

"  The  Institute  is  a  Delaware  County  institution,  and  originated  here.  Many 
other  counties  of  the  State  to  whom  we  have  sent,  from  time  to  time,  our  pro- 
grammes, have  also  held  institutes.  The  decided  mind  of  the  members  of  this 
institution  is,  that  the  Institute  is  an  established  institution  of  the  county,  and 
will  continue  to  hold  its  yearly  meetings  in  January  as  the  years  roll  round. 
Hereby  the  Delaware  County  farmers  are  not  only  advertising  their  social  and 
educational  interests,  but  are  improving  and  quickening  their  agricultural 
interests." 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  427 

The   officers  of  the  Farmers'   Institute  from   its   commencement  are  as 
follows : 

J°^^18^5-— H-  D-  Wood,  President ;  Rev.  —  Streeter  and  C.  B.  Kennedy, 

For  1876.— 0.  M.  Austin^  President ;  E.  0.  Clemens  and  C.  B.  Kennedy 
secretaries.  ^ ' 

For  1877.— C.  B.  Lont,  President ;  E.  0.  Clemens  and  L.  S.  Gates    Sec- 
retaries. ' 

For  1878.— D.  W.  Jones,  President;  E.  0.  Clemens  and  L.  S.  Gates,  Sec- 
retaries. 

PATRONS  OF  HUSBANDRY. 

May  19,  1873,  representatives  from  twelve  subordinate  Granges  met  at  Del- 
aware and  arranged  the 

DELAWARE  COUNTY   PATRONS'   UNION, 

electing  L.  E.  Beebe,  President ;  L.  0.  Stevens,  Secretary  and  Local  Agent ; 
H.  D.  Wood,  Deputy,  and  John  Meader,  Gate  Keeper.  September  16,  1873, 
the  name  of  the  organization  was  changed  to  "The  Council  of  the  Patrons  of 
Husbandry,  of  Delaware  County,"  the  objects  of  which  were  declared  to  be, 
"  for  facilitating  the  business  of  buying,  selling,  shipping,  and  such  other  pur- 
poses as  may  seem  for  the  good  of  the  Order,"  and  officers  elected  as  follows: 
Master,  C.  B.  Lont ;  Overseer,  Theodore  Marks ;  Lecturer,  Ezra  Chase ;  Chap- 
lain, W.  C.  Clark;  Steward,  Delos  Gillespie;  Gate  Keeper,  John  Meader; 
Secretary,  L.  0..  Stevens ;  Treasurer,  R.  Boon.  November  18,  1873,  the 
Council- voted  to  organize  a  legally  incorporated  company,  to  be  called  "  The 
Delaware  Grange  Company."  At  the  time,  there  were  sixteen  subordinate 
Granges  in  the  county.     March  10,  1874,  there  were  seventeen. 

"  The  original  and  leading  idea  of  the  Grange,"  says  L.  0.  Stevens,  Esq., 
"was  to  secure  social  advantages;  but  in  1873,  the  leading  idea  among  our 
farmers  was  business,  or  pecuniary  benefit.  Hence,  Granges  were  crowded 
with  anxious  farmers  cherishing  the  illusory  ideas  of  immediately  bettering  their 
•circumstances,  of  the  sooner  clearing  their  farms  from  mortgages,  or  securing  a 
•competency  for  the  accomplishment  of  other  cherished  purposes,  through  some 
mysterious  influence  of  the  organization.  They  did  not  realize  that  all  changes 
or  reforms  proceed  slowly.  As  a  legitimate  result,  the  new  broom  that  '  swept 
80  clean '  was  soon  shortened,  and  became  less  efi"ective.  But  much  has  been 
accomplished,  however,  and  agricultural  communities,  either  in  the  Grange  or 
out,  have  received,  directly  and  indirectly,  material  benefits  therefrom.  May, 
1878,  only  five  Granges  and  the  County  Council  remain,  but  the  kindly  feeling 
still  exists  toward  all  who  were  ever  members  of  the  Order,  and  the  Grange  will 
live  on  until  its  usefulness  ceases  to  be  a  virtue — ceases  to  confer  benefits  upon 
its  membership. 

"  In  this  county  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry  have  originated  and  established 
a  County  Farmers'  Institute,  most  successfully  and  profitably  held  them  an- 
nually for  four  successive  years,  and  the  unanimous  verdict  each  year  has  been, 
'the  last  was  the  best.'  The  Grange  has  also  established  a  Farmers'  Mutual 
Fire  Insurance  Company,  with  a  present  membership  of  over  700,  and  carrying 
nearly  |1,.000,000  insurance. 

"  The  Grange,  the  Institute  and  Insurance  Company  bring  the  farmers  into 
closer  and  more  friendly  relations,  promoting  mutual  prosperity  and  success  in 


428  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

all  the  business  of  the  farm.  Farmers  need  thorough  education  for  their  busi- 
.ness,  and  these  institutions  have  aided  them  very  materially,  securing  more  in- 
telligent, systematic  and  economical  farm  work,  and  better  and  more  profitable 
results." 

DELAWARE  COUNTY  SABBATH  SCHOOL  ASSOCIATION. 

In  accordance  with  a  call  made  by  Rev.  E.  C.  Barnes,  Secretary  for  Dela-, 
ware  County,  a  Sunday  School  Convention  assembled  in  the  Congregational 
Church  at  Earlville,  December  10,  1867.  The  following  delegates  were  pres- 
ent, viz.:  R.  Wilson,  A.  Nash,  Rev.  E.  C.  Barnes,  Hopkinton ;  L.  0.  Stevens, 
Almoral;  Rev.  C.  W.  Copeland,  Rev.  L.  P.  Matthews,  Rev.  M.  Fulcomer, 
Colesburg;  Rev.  W.  P.  Carson,  Epworth;  Rev.  J.  Bentley,  Waucon;  Rev. 
T.  Thompson,  Rev.  Charles  Gibbs,  C.  Sanbo"?n,  J.  S.  Harris,  Thomas  Daggett, 
Earlville;  Rev.  R.  Norton,  Rev.  A.  A.  Baker,  Prof.  Piper,  Manchester. 
R.  Wilson  was  chosen  Chairman,  and  J.  S.  Harris,  Secretary  of  the  Conven- 
tion. 

At  this  meeting,  the  Delaware  County  Sabbath  School  Association  was  or- 
ganized, and  ofiicers  elected,  as  follows :  President,  Rev.  B.  C.  Barnes,  of  Hop- 
kinton ;  Secretary,  Prof.  Jonathan  Piper,  of  Manchester ;  Treasurer,  William 
Cattron,  of  Manchester. 

The  following  Township  Secretaries  were  appointed,  viz. :  Rev.  C.  W.  Cope- 
land,  Colony ;  R.  H.  Mason,  Elk ;  J.  W.  Williams,  Honey  Creek ;  S.  A. 
Thompson,  Richland;  H.  G.  Doolittle,  Bremen;  J.  S.  Harris,  Oneida;  B.  H. 
Keller,  Delaware;  Ira  Gray,  Coffin's  Grove;  G.  R.  Browder,  North  Fork; 
George  H.  Fuller,  Delhi;  F.  Albrook,  Milo;  C.  M.  Sessions,  South  Fork; 
Silas  Smith,  Union ;  Thomas  Guthrie,  Union ;   Samuel  Graham,  Adams. 

The  first  annual  session  of  the  association  was  held  at  Manchester,  May  12, 
13  and  14,  1868 — J.  F.  Zediker,  L.  Havee  and  E.  P.  Weatherby,  Committee 
of  Arrangements.  At  this  meeting,  Rev.  A.  A.  Baker,  of  Manchester,  was 
elected  President;  Prof.  S.  Calvin,  of  Hopkinton,  Secretary;  Wm.  Cattron, 
Manchester,  Treasurer. 

The  officers  of  the  association  for  1878  are:  A.  B.  Terrill,  President ;  Rev. 
H.  D.  Weaver,  Vice  President;  M.  H.  Williston,  Secretary  and  Treasurer. 
The  semi-annual  convention,  June,  1878,  was  held  in  the  Congregational  Church, 
Colesburg,  June  11  and  12,  1878. 

The  example  of  the  Sabbath  School  workers  of  Delaware  County  has  been 
followed  in  neighboring  counties,  and  this  portion  of  Iowa  is  quite  thoroughly 
organized  by  townships. 

POST  OFFICES  AND  POSTMASTERS. 

Almoral  {Oneida  Township). — Established  March  24,  1857,  Francis  Dun- 
ham ;  Nov.  4,  1858,  Joseph  B.  Dunham. 

Amarill  {Honey  Creek  Township). — Established  July  30,  1857,  Clark 
Bliss  ;  discontinued  April  20,  1858. 

Bailey's  Ford  {Milo  Township). — Established  Jan.  17,  1855,  Joel  Bailey ; 
Oct.  24,  1857,  Amos  H.  McKay ;  discontinued  Jan.  8,  1859. 

Barryville  {Prairie  Township). — Established  July  10,  1857,  John  S. 
Barry. 

Bay  {Delhi  Township).— Estahlished  Feb.  10,  1862,  Ralph  P.  Andrews ; 
discontinued  Dec.  4,  1863. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  429i 

Camfton  {Richland  Township). — Established  Sept.  1,  1857,  Ethan  S. 
Cowles. 

Gold  Water  {Honey  Creek  Township). — Estabhshed  Oct.  20,  1851,  James. 
Martin  ;  discontinued  Jan.  20,  1852 ;  re-established  April  7,  1854,  Wm.  Roe  • 
April  5,  1855,  Wm.  Kirkpatrick;  Feb.  19,  1856,  Joseph  Mansfield;  April  16' 
1856,  Israel  Green  ;  May  7,  1859,  Clark  Bliss;  June  25,  1861,  Israel  Green- 
discontinued  May  9,  1863. 

Qolony  {Colony  Township.) — Established  Aug.  15,  1846,  David  Moreland; 
changed  to  Colesburg,  April  3,  1849,  Perry  Perkins ;  Jan.  20,  1852,  Thomas 
Cole;  Aug.  22,  1853,  Jacob  B.  Moreland. 

Colesburg  {changed  to  Colony) — Aug.  22,  1853 ;  April  20,  1860,  Hanson 
T.  Wright. 

Colony  {changed  to  Colesburg) — Oct.  3,  1846,  Hanson  T.  Wright ;  Dec. 
5,  1866,  James  M.  Potts ;  March  23,  1869,  Samuel  G.  Knee. 

Coffin  s  Grove  ( Coffins  Grove  Township). — Established  July  24,  1849  ; 
Clement  Coffin;  March  23,  1860,  Henry  Baker;  discontinued  July  17, 
1861. 

Delaware  (Oneida  Township). — Established  Dec.  19, 1859,  James  P.  Ball; 
May  8,  1861,  Wm.  M.  Hefner ;  Oct.  21, 1865,  David  Greaves ;  Oct.  19, 1870, 
B.  M.  Gardner. 

Delhi  {Delhi  Township). — Established  March  14,  1844,  Mary  E.  A. 
Hobbs ;  Jan.  22,  1847,  Robt.  A.  Fagg ;  May  14,  1847,  Chas.  W.  Hobbs ;. 
Dec.  20,  1849,  Jumes  E.  Anderson  :  April  19,  1850,  Zina  A.  Wellman  ;  April 
14,  1853,  Wm.  Price ;  Nov.  9,  1857,  Alexander  G.  Hobbs ;  Nov.  19,  1857, 
Wm.  H.  Gilles;  March  30,  1861,  Elisha  Brady;  Feb.  5,  1866,  Chas.  H. 
Gross;  Oct.  12,  1870,  Alexander  Gleason. 

Delaware  Center  {Delaware  Township). — Established  Oct.  1,  1853,  Robt. 
F.  Korkright ;  Sept.  28,  1854,  Allen  R.  Loomis ;  April  2,  1855,  Henry  L. 
Ryan ;  April  8,  1856,  changed  to  Manchester. 

Uads'  Grove  {Honey  Township). — Established  June  15, 1849,  Wm.  Eads  ; 
discontinued  Nov.  11,  1850. 

Earlville  {Oneida  Township). — Established  Feb.  12,  1858,  Simeon  D. 
Moody  ;  Nov.  9,  1858,  Chas.  B.  Stowe ;  Dec.  5,  1860,  Jonathan  S.  Harris  j 
March  29,  1861,  James  G.  Verplank ;  Jan.  28,  1864,  Cummings  Sanborn  ; 
Sept.  17,  1867,  Rinaldo  L.  Jones. 

Forestville  {Richland  yowwsAzp).— Established  April  24,  1851,  Wm.  Tur- 
ner ;  Oct.  28, 1854,  Thos.  Hickox ;  June  23, 1856,  Enos  M.  Littlefield  ;  May 
21,  1857,  Nathaniel  G.  Luken ;  Jan.  12,  1859,  Franklin  Emerson ;  Oct.  17, 
1860,  Hiram  D.  Wood;  Jan.  7,  1861,  Chas.  F.  Vincent;  July  17, 1862,  Wm. 
H.  Church ;  Feb.  5, 1864,  Henrietta  Van  Kuren  ;  May  1, 1868,  Walter  Moon ; 
May  9, 1870,  Mrs.  *Henrietta  Van  Kuren  ;  Nov.  24, 1875,  David  M.  Noland; 
June  28,  1776,  Volney  Wheeler. 

Golden  Prairie  {Hazel  Green  7'o^6'msA^».— Established  March  7,  1870, 
Eugene  W.  Hawley ;  June  10,  1872,  Charles  Tinkham.  ,    ^^    ,        ^ 

Green  Hill  {Delhi  yownsAija).— Established  August  8,  1854,  Nathan  B. 
Talmadge.    Discontinued  August  10,  1857. 

Grove  Creek  { Union  ToM;nsAi».— Established  September  28,  1864,  Robt. 
Hogg;  March  17,  1855,  Nathaniel  Ingram.     Now  in  Jones  County 

Greeley,  late  Plum  Spring  {Elk  TwwsAz^).— Established  April  28   1863 
Silas  N.   Talcott;    December  7,  1863,  Jerome  Baker;    April  7,  1871,  Jot> 
Gildersleeve ;  September  1,  1876,  M.  Blodgett. 

~7^r. -  Dix  was  Postmaster  a  short  time-probably  appointed  ia  1869.    Omitted  in  official  list. 


•430  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

Hazel  ^Gfreen  {Hazel  Q-reen  Township). — Established  June  18,  1856,  Chris- 
topher L.  Flint ;  December  13,  1865,  John  P.  Dickey,  Jr.;  January  14,  1869, 
Wm.  P.  Dickey. 

Hopkinton  {South  Fork  Township). — Established  June  28, 1852,  Archibald 
Tate ;  December  10,  1853,  George  R.  Browder ;  December  19,  1854,  Henry 
A.  Saunders ;  June  27,  1856,  Peter  H.  Warner ;  March  29,  1861,  R.  S.  Tay- 
lor; August  16,  1864,  Merit  Harmon;  August  20,  1866,  Wm.  E.  Brown; 
December  18,  1867,  Peter  H.  Warner ;  August  11,  1869,  Chas.  E.  Merrian. 

Hartwick  {Delhi  Tovmship).  —  Established  January  20,  1853,  John  W. 
Clark ;  June  1,  1861,  James  Melindy.     Discontinued  September  24,  1861. 

Manchester  {Delaware  Township). — Established  April  8,  1856,  Ozias  P. 
Reeves;  May  26,  1857,  Samuel  R.  Young;  August  24,  1857,  Harvey  J. 
Brown ;  October  17,  1861,  Horace  N.  Cornish ;  May  6,  1865,  Edward  Burn- 
side;  August  14,  1866,  James  L.  Noble;  April  5,  1869,  Wm.  C.  Cawley; 
reappointed  March  12.  1873,  Wm.  C.  Cawley. 

Masonville  {Coffin's  Crrove  Township). —  Established  February  18,  1860, 
Henry  H.  Tubbs;  June  1,  1861,  Wm,  A.  Crowther ;  May  17,  1864,  Andrew 
J.  Pease ;  March  4,  1870,  Lucius  Kinsman ;  August  1,  1872,  Reuben  Norton, 

Mangoldville  {Hazel  G-reen  Township). — Established  Dec.  19,  1864,  Car- 
oline M.  Mangold;  discontinued  April  10,  1866. 

Milo  {Milo  yowwsA4».— Established  July  12,1868,  0.  E.  Taylor;  discon- 
tinued March  18,  1872. 

Mount  Hope  {Richland  Township). — Established  June  20, 1851,  James  A. 
Ginger  ;  Dec.  14, 1858,  Stephen  R.  Reynolds ;  June  8,  1861,  Elliott  D.  Stone; 
■discontinued  Oct.  20,  1671. 

Orrin  Glen  {Honey  Greek  Township). — Established  Oct.  23,  1851,  Orrin 
S.  Boggs ;  changed  April  7,  1854,  to  Gold  Water. 

Plum  Creek  {North  Fork  Township). — Established  Dec.  12,  1855 ;  Elias 
Parker  ;  discontinued  Nov.  27,  1857. 

Flum  Spring  {Elk  Township). — Established  Oct.  30,  1854,  Elias  Hutton; 
Nov.  21,  1855,  William  Cattron  ;  Feb.  29, 1860,  Jonas  L.  Coolidge ;  Sept.  23, 
1861,  Silas  N.  Talcott ;  changed  April  28,  1863,  to  Greeley. 

Poultney  {Elk  Township). — Established  Sept.  23,  1851,  Hiram  Cooper; 
■discontinued  July  9,  1860. 

Rockville  {North  Fork  Township). — Established  June  15,  1846,  Oliver  A. 
Olmstead;  July  7,  1847,  Philip  B  Hogan ;  Feb.  9,  1849,  I.  M.  Custer;  dis- 
continued June  19,  1862;  re-established  March  28, 1873,  George  Ruddlesden; 
April  9,  1874,  Frederick  Mueller ;  March  15,  1878,  Charles  P.  Georgen. 

Sand  Creek  {Prairie  Township). — Established  June  11, 1862,  John  Miller; 
discontinued  Jan.  19,  1864. 

Sand  Spring  {South  Fork  Township). — Established  June  19, 1858,  Truman 
H.  Bowen ;  April  16,  1860,  William  Cline ;  Jan.  30,  1861,  Edward  H.  Sel- 
lers ;  April  25,  1863,  Robert  Elliott ;  Dec.  17,  1863,  Orson  Henry ;  May  18, 
1870,  Stephen  R.  Tuttle ;  Oct.  20,  1864,  Gilbert  H.  Brown. 

Spring  Branch  {Milo  Township). — Established  April  4,  1854,  Herman 
Annis  ;  discontinued  April  8,  1856. 

Tower  Hill  {Adams  Township.) — Established  Jan.  29,  1856,  James  Crom- 
well;  Sept.  1,  1858,  Michael  Beacom,  Jr. ;  Aug.  13,  1863,  James  Cromwell; 
May  26,  1871,  Bradford  W.  Kenyon. 

Uniontoivn  {Union  Township). — Established  Sept.  27,  1853,  Aaron  P. 
Blanchard;  Detf.  2.  1856,  Simon  Hussey;  July  20,  1860,  Moses  Mallory; 
May  12,   1862,   John   Malloi y  ;  Nov.  10,  1871,  Hiram  F.  Cotton;  Aug.  13, 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  431 

1873,  Edward  F.  Barnes;  June  28,  1876,  Miss  Alice  F.  Barnes-    Nov  23 
1876,  Benjamin  P.  Miller. 

Viola  [Colony  Township). — Established  Feb.  16, 1852,  Joseph  D.  Walker- 
March  20,  1854,  John  Piatt ;  Feb.  8,  1855,  Joseph  D.  Walker ;  Dec.  24' 
1858,  Jacob  Piatt ;  discontinued  Nov.  9,  1859.  ' 

Yankee  Settlement  {Honey  Creek  Toivnship). — Established  j'an  12,  1848 
Bohan  Noble;  March  23,  1855,  F.  B.  Peet ;  now  in  Clayton  County. 

York  {Honey  Creek  Township). — Established  Dec.  12,  1855,  George  W. 
Stewart ;  Aug.  5,  1856,  Samuel  Weeks ;  Oct.  10,  1856,  George  L.  Zabriskie ; 
Nov.  9,  1857,  Wm.  R.  Stewart;  Sept.  9,  1861,  George  W.  Stewart;  Jan.  24, 
1863,  Clara  M.  Stewart ;  Nov.  3,  1865,  Selden  F.  Bush  ;  Nov.  25,  1867, 
Abiel  N.  Arcott ;  discontinued  Nov.  17,  1875. 

Petersburg  {Bremen  Township). — Established  March  7,  1874,  Barney 
Sasson ;  March  16,  1875,  Frederick  Rubley. 

Grove  Creek  { Union  Township). — Established  October  26,  1874,  James 
H.  Hogg. 

THE  DELAWARE  COUNTY  MUTUAL  FIRE  AND  LIGHTNING 
INSURANCE  COMPANY. 

This  company  was  first  organized  as  the  North  Fork  Township  Farmers' 
Mutual  Fire  Insurance  Company,  March  16,  1872,  with  the  following  officers  : 
President,  C.  M.  Austin;  Secretary,  Wm.  C.  Clark;  Treasurer,  Samuel  Evans; 
Directors,  C.  Page,  H.  Arnold,  R.  Gardner,  S.  Evans,  W.  0.  Clark,  R.  Nich- 
olson, H.  M.  Bailey,  C.  M.  Austin,  N.  Haas. 

Sixty  policies  were  issued  June  1,  1872,  covering  insurance  for  over  fifty 
thousand  dollars,  the  amount  required  by  law  to  make  the  company  holden  for 
losses,  etc. 

June  17,  1873,  the  County  Council  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry  organized 
the  Delaware  County  Farmers'  Mutual  Fire  and  Lightning  Insurance  Com- 
pany. The  first  officers  were  :  President,  C.  M.  Austin ;  Secretary,  Wm.  C. 
Clark ;  Treasurer,  L.  E.  Beebe ;  Executive  Committee,  William  Ball,  L.  0. 
.Stevens,  C.  B.  Lont;  Directors,  L.  E.  Beebe,  C.  B.  Lont,  William  Ball,  C.  M. 
Austin,  Wm.  C.  Clark,  L.  D.  Cross,  A.  F.  Coon,  L.  0.  Stevens,  R.  Boon, 
John  Livingston,  H.  D.  Wood,  Frank  K.  Smith,  T.  N.  Williamson,  D.  W. 
Jones,  P.  D.  Trowbridge,  W.  W.  Mathews. 

The  North  Fork  Company  was  merged  in  the  County  Company  December 
S,  1878.  The  annual  meeting  is  on  the  last  Tuesday  of  September  in  each 
year,  at  Delaware.  The  officers  for  1878  are  as  follows :  President,  C.  M. 
Austin;  Secretary,  L.  0.  Stevens;  Treasurer,  C.  B.  Lont;  Executive  Com- 
mittee, E.  0.  Clemens,  John  Cruise,  Jr.,  Henry  Miller.  Directors— Joseph 
Grimes,  Colony  Township  ;  James  Le  Gassick,  Bremen ;  A.  B.  Wheeless,  North 
Fork;  C.  H.  Recketts,  South  Fork;  Henry  Miller,  Elk;  John  Crmse,  Jr., 
Oneida;  D.  M.  Smith,  Delhi;  Amos  G.  Smith,  Union;  J.  E  Eldridge,  Honey 
Creek;  B.  0.  Clemens,  Delaware;  M.  Eldredge,  Milo;  S.  S.  Squires,  Hazel 
Green;  A.  E.  Lawrence,  Richland;  T.  B.  Smith,  Coffins  Grove;  i.  J. 
Annis,  Prairie ;  Henry  Bhlers,  Adams. 

The  company  has  had  a  constant  and  steady  growth,  till  now  it  is  approxi- 
mating one  million  dollars  in  insurance,  and  embraces  among  its  members  me 
most  wealthy,  cautious  and  intelligent  farmers  of  the  county.  Its  memberstiip 
is  over  seven  hundred  members.  It  probably  will  report  some  eight  hundred 
members  at  the  next  annual  meeting,  and  above  one  million  dollars  m  insurance. 


432  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

The  capital  stock  of  the  company  is  the  real  estate  of  its  members,  and  the 
members  have  the  use  of  its  funds  till  needed  to  pay  losses. 

THE  DELAWARE  DAIKY  SYSTEM. 

About  twenty  years  ago,  the  farmers  of  Delaware  began  to  turn  their  atten- 
tion to  the  dairy,  and  gradually  the  industries  of  the  county  have  changed,  until 
now  (1878)  it  has  become  one  of  the  leading  dairy  counties  in  the  State,  and 
the  manufacture  of  butter,  cheese  and  raising  pork  have  been  its  leading  agricul- 
tural interests.  Delaware  butter  commands  the  highest  prices  in  Eastern  mar- 
kets. Manchester  has  become  the  great  butter  market  of  Iowa,  rivaling  that  of 
any  other  State  in  the  Northwest,  and  immense  quantities  of  the  dairy  products 
of  the  county  are  shipped  every  week.  In  1858  or  1859,  George  Acres  and 
Wattson  Childs  of  Delaware  Township  began  the  manufacture  of  cheese,  and  in 
1862,  Mr  Acres  was  working  up  the  milk  of  about  thirty  cows.  In  a  pubhc 
address,  delivered  last  Winter  before  the  Dairymen's  Association,  Mr.  Childs 
stated  that  he  was  obliged  to  peddle  out  his  cheese  for  two  or  three  years  when 
he  first  commenced,  and  used  to  realize  eight  or  ten  cents  a  pound,  mainly  in 
trade. 

Asa  C.  Bowen,  who  began  cheese  making  in  1858,  just  south  of  the  county 
line,  says  that  while  in  the  mercantile  business  in  Hopkinton  in  1856,  he  brought 
butter  to  that  town  from  Albany,  selling  it  at  33^  cents  a  pound,  and  A.  R. 
Loomis  brought  butter  to  Manchester  from  Marengo,  Illinois  about  the  same 
time.  The  introduction  of  the  cheese  vat,  Mr.  Bowen  says,  made  the  handling 
of  large  quantities  of  milk  comparatively  easy,  and  he  was  among  the  first  to 
bring  the  improved  plan  into  use  in  Iowa. 

In  June,  1866,  the  Delaware  Cheese  Company  was  organized  at  Delaware ; 
William  M.  Hefner,  President,  and  K.  W.  Kingsley,  Secretary.  A  building 
was  erected  there  24x40  feet,  two  and  a  half  stories,  and  an  experienced  cheese 
maker  from  Madison  County,  New  York,  engaged  to  take  charge  of  the  factory, 
which  commenced  operations  during  the  month  of  June.  It  continued  in  opera- 
tion until  about  1872,  when  it  suspended,  and  the  building  was  converted  into  a 
stable. 

A  cheese  factory  was  established  at  Almoral  in  1870,  which  had  a  remu- 
nerative run  until  1875,  when  cheese  making  was  given  up,  and  butter  only  manu- 
factured ;  which  was  kept  open  two  seasons,  but  with  indifferent  success.  Soon 
after,  R.  L.  and  0.  B.  Taylor  built  a  cheese  factory  in  Milo  Township,  which 
was  very  skillfully  managed,  but  in  1877,  cheese  making  was  given  up,  and 
butter  made  in  stead.  It  was  found  that  making  butter  was  more  profitable 
than  cheese,  and  now  comparatively  little  cheese  is  manufactured. 

The  first  stimulus  to  the  butter  industry  was  given  by  L.  A.  Loomis,  of 
Manchester,  who  made  a  contract  in  1862  with  the  Northwestern  Packet  Com- 
pany to  supply  its  boats  with  butter.  Buying  for  cash  only,  although  at  the 
low  rate  of  eight  or  nine  cents  a  pound,  he  became  master  of  the  situation,  and 
would  take  only  the  best  off"ered.  Mr.  Loomis  bought  butter  without  opposition 
until  1864,  when  W.  G.  Kenyon  began  to  buy,  followed  in  1867  by  Percival  k 
Ayers,  which  made  competition  quite  sharp. 

The  manufacture  of  butter  increased  steadily  until  1872,  when 

THE   CREAMERY    SYSTEM 

was  introduced  by  Mr.  John  Stewart,  and  gave  the  dairy  business  of  the  county 
a  powerful  impetus.  Mr.  Stewart  had  been  dealing  in  dairy  products  for  sev- 
eral years,  when,  in  1872,  he  built  the  first  creamery  or  butter  factory  in  the 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  433 

county,  and,  it  is  thought,  the  first  in  the  State,  on  Spring  Branch  near  E 
Packer  s  three  or  four  miles  east  of  Manchester.  Here  he  commenced  buyinc^ 
milk  of  the  surrounding  farmers,  and  making  the  cream  into  butter,  according 
to  the  most  approved  methods  practiced  by  Eastern  dairymen.  His  business 
increased,  and  the  following  year  he  established  similar  "creameries"  at  Yan- 
kee  Settlement,  Forestville,  Ward's  Corners  and  other  places. 

A.  C    Clark  &  Company  started  a  creamery  at  Manchester,  in  1874,  and  at 
Masonville,  in  1875. 

•  -.St^^^aI  "^^^''^^'^  *^^  fi^«*  premium  for  butter  for  several  years  at  St.  Louis 
in  187b  Mr  Stewart  determined  to  compete  for  the  golden  prize  oifered  at  the 
International  Centennial  Exposition,  at  Philadelphia,  and  received  the  gold  medal 
for  the  best  butter  in  the  world.  His  success  at  once  removed  the  prejudice 
existing  in  New  York  and  other  Eastern  markets  against  Western,  and  espe- 
cially Iowa,  butter,  and  placed  Delaware  butter  very  high  in  the  estimation  of 
dealers  and  consumers,  and  the  best  grades  soon  commanded  a  higher  price  than 
the  best  New  York  creamery  butter. 

The  award  of  this  medal  to  Delaware  and  Iowa  was  of  almost  incalculable 
benefit  to  the  county  and  State,  and  is  worth  to  the  farmers  of  the  State  many 
hundred  thousand  dollars  annually.  Mr.  Stewart  is  of  the  opinion  that  this 
region  possesses  certain  peculiarities  of  climate  and  soil  that  give  it  superiority 
over  other  dairy  districts. 

An  association  of  the  dairymen  was  formed  at  Manchester,  in  February, 
1877,  under  the  name  of  "Northwestern  Iowa  Dairymen's  Association."  The 
meeting  continued  two  days,  and  much  instruction  was  given  and  received. 
John  Stewart  was  elected  President,  and  Col.  R.  M.  Littler,  of  Davenport,  was 
chosen  Secretary.  The  association  met  at  Manchester,  in  February,  1878,  with 
added  unmbers  and  increased  interest. 

From  abroad  came  Messrs.  Folsom,  J.  N.  Reall  and  Francis  D.  Moulton,  of 
New  York;  Mr.  McGlincey,  Secretary  of  the  Dairy  Board  of  Trade,  Elgin, 
111.,  and  A.  Ondesleys,  Baltimore.  The  subjects  discussed  covered  the  whole 
business  of  dairying,  from  raising  grass  to  shipping  butter  and  cheese  to 
market. 

Mr.  L.  0.  Stevens  furnishes  a  description  of  the  creamery  at  Almoral,  which 
will  answer,  in  a  general  way,  to  describe  the  system  pursued : 

The  Almoral  Creamery  was  established  in  1876,  under  the  firm  name  of  "The  Almoral  Dai- 
rymen's Company."  It  is  an  incorporated  company,  with  a  capital  stock  not  exceeding  $10,000. 
Farmers  are  the  stockholders.  Farmers,  not  stockholders,  patronize  the  institulion,  receiving 
for  their  milk,  or  rather  the  butter  product — for  butter  entirely  is  made  at  this  creamery — their 
pro  rata  share  of  the  net  sale  in  market  of  the  butter,  deducting  all  expenses,  viz.:  rents,  ice, 
marketing,  commissions,  brokerage,  etc.  The  butter  is  shipped  weekly,  and  in  warm  weather  in 
a  refrigerator  car,  from  Manchester  to  New  York.  The  company's  works  are  equal  to  500  cows. 
Our  average  hitherto  has  been  150  cows.  Our  building  is  thoroughly  fitted,  with  flagstones,  laid 
in  cement,  as  the  ground  work,  with  all  needful  tanks,  ventilation,  etc.,  and  with  all  requisites 
for  sweetness  and  neatness.  We  require  the  manufacturer  of  the  butter  to  be  scrupulously  tidy  in 
all  branches  of  the  business ;  and  also,  all  packages  of  butter  to  be  placed  on  track  free  from 
stains  and  carelessness  ;  the  milk  to  be  delivered  in  first-class  condition,  as  respects  neatness  in 
milking,  and  proper  care  as  to  cleanliness  of  cans  and  cooling  of  the  milk.  We  propose  at  this 
ereamery  never  to  make  either  skim  butter  or  skim  cheese  ;  but  to  ever  make  the  best  article 
possible  of  cream  butter,  and  to  continue  to  fight  it  out,  steadily  and  protractedly,  "  on  that  line." 

We  regard  the  sour  milk  returned  to  the  patrons  of  the  creamery  worth  a  very  large  per 
cent,  in  the  raising  of  calves  to  replenish  the  dairy  and  young  stock  hogs.  Whey  is  compara- 
tively valueless,  compared  with  sour  milk,  and  there  exists  no  substitute  for  sour  milk  for  calves 
and  pigs;  As  we  run  our  creamery,  we  find  it  profitable,  and  are  contented  to  run  it  in  our  (the 
farmers')  best  interest. 

The  creameries  now  in  successful  operation  in  the  county  are  owned  and 
located  as  follows  :     Wm.  &  John  HoUister,  H.  D.  Wood,  H.  D.  Cowles,  Rich- 


434  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

land  Township;  E.  H.  &  J.  Durfey,  Mr.  "Warwick,  Calvin  Fenner,  Honey 
Creek ;  Almoral  Dairy  Company,  L.  E.  Beebe,  Oneida ;  M.  Breyton,  A.  S. 
Coon,  Wattson  Childs,  L.  A.  Loomis,  Delaware  ;  H.  P.  Chapman,  Harris  k 
Turner  (two).  Houseman  &  Loomis,  Coffin's  Grove;  Taylor  Brothers,  Mile; 
B.  Thorpe,  Sr.,  S.  Allison,  Sr.,  Delhi ;  E.  Healy,  North  Fork ;  John  D.  Mc- 
Vay,  Leroy  Jackson,  John  Stewart  (makes  cheese  also).  South  Fork  ;  Fred 
Dickey,  Hazel  Green,  and  one  also  in  Union.  The  private  dairies  managed  on 
the  creamery  plan  are  :  Lemuel  Parker,  Oneida ;  R.  J.  Jones,  Daniel  Chase, 
Elk  ;  John  B.  Frentress,  Mr.  White,  J.  H.  Edmonds,  Elk  ;  Peter  Lux,  Delhi ; 
S.  J.  Edmonds,  Delaware. 

The  production  for  1877  was  largely  in  excess  of  any  previous  year,  and  the 
value  of  butter  and  cheese  shipped  was  not  far  from  half  a  million  dollars. 
Over  1,200,000  pounds  of  butter  was  sent  from  Manchester.  The  product  is 
shipped  in  refrigerator  cars  twice  a  week,  and  most  of  it  goes  to  New  York. 
Manufacturers  estimate  that  the  dairy  product  of  the  county  for  1878  will  be 
materially  greater  than  in  1877.  Mr.  Stewart  thinks  the  shipments  of  butter 
for  Manchester  alone  this  year  will  reach  the  enormous  quantity  of  1,500,000 
pounds.  Very  large  quantities  are  also  shipped  from  Barlville  and  other  rail- 
way stations  in  the  county,  and  Delaware  stands  at  the  head  of  the  list  of 
dairy  counties  in  Iowa. 

NURSERIES. 

The  nursery  business  in  Delaware  County  was  commenced  by  F.  B.  Doolittle, 
at  Delhi,  who  planted  three  bushels  of  apple  seeds,  in  the  Spring  of  1851,  on 
a  piece  of  ground  adjoining  the  town  plat  on  the  east.  In  the  Fall,  he  took  up 
the  seedling  trees,  stored  them  in  his  cellar,  grafted  them  during  the  Winter  and 
put  them  out  the  following  Spring.  He  continued  this  process,  planting  three 
bushels  of  seed  every  Spring  for  four  years,  until  he  had  put  out  a  million  trees. 
He  also  engaged  in  raising  pear,  plum  and  quince  trees,  small  fruit,  grape 
vines,  etc.,  and  ornamental  trees  pretty  extensively.  For  some  years  all  North- 
ern Iowa,  for  100  to  150  miles,  was  supplied  with  fruit  trees  from  Doolittle's 
nurseries  at  Delhi.  In  the  Fall  of  1854,  he  had  100,000  grafted  apple  trees 
ready  for  market,  and  several  hundred  thousand  of  younger  trees ;  but  during 
the  severe  Winter  of  1855-6,  about  one-third  of  them  were  killed.  He  had 
about  one  hundred  varieties  of  apples,  and  of  these  the  old  and  favorite  varie- 
ties considered  most  hardy  in  Michigan,  such  as  the  Baldwin  and  the ■-, 

suffered  the  most.  In  1865,  he  ceased  planting  and  raising  trees,  etc.,  for  market, 
and  closed  the  business  as  soon  as  he  disposed  of  his  stock  then  on  hand.  Judge 
Doolittle  has  now  (1878)  a  very  fine  orchard  of  twenty  acres,  but  he  does  not 
consider  Iowa  a  good  fruit  region.  The  trees  do  not  bear  as  well  as  in  Eastern 
States,  and,  owing  to  rapid  growth,  are  more  liable  to  be  Winter-killed. 

In  1856,  Charles  Harding  started  in  the  nursery  business,  about  half  a  mile 
northeast  of  Delhi ;  but  he  was  unfortunate  in  business  in  1857,  and  his  nur- 
sery passed  into  the  hands  of  Mr.  Brayton. 

John  Porter  commenced  an  evergreen  and  grapevine  nursery,  of  one  acre, 
on  the  northeast  quarter  of  Section  17,  88,  4,  a  short  distance  north  of  Delhi,  in 
1860.  Successful  from  the  start,  his  business  has  increased,  until  now  (1878)  he 
has  five  acres  devoted  to  his  specialties. 

In  1864,  John  Piatt,  Esq.,  established  what  is  called  the  "  Hardy  Variety 
Nursery,"  five'miles  southeast  of  Colesburg,  intending  it  for  local  trade  in  Del- 
aware, Dubuque  and  Clayton  Counties,  raising  chiefly  hardy  varieties  of  apple 
and  crab  trees  and  grapevines.  His  sales  average  from  10,000  to  12,000  trees 
and  vines  per  year. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  435^ 

Charles  Harger  commenced  an  evergreen  and  grape  nursery  on  Out-lot  No 
2  in  Delhi    in  1870,  which  he  conducted  with  such  skill  and  success  that,  ai 
the  time  of  his  decease,   June  5,  1875,  he  had  added  four  more  out-lots  viz 
Nos.  11,  14,  23  and  26,  all  devoted  to  his  flourishing  business.     The  nurserv 
is  still  owned  by  his  widow,  Mrs^  H.  C.  Harger,  and  managed  by  her  late  hus- 
band s  brother,  Henry  Harger,  Esq.,  of  Delhi. 

WAR  RECORD. 

If  there  is  any  one  thing  more  than  another  of  which  the  people  of  the 
Northern  States  have  reason  to  be  proud,  it  is  of  the  record  they  made  dur 
ing  the  dark  and  bloody  days  .when  red-handed  rebellion  raised  its  hideous  head 
and  threatened  the  life  of  the  nation.     When  the  war  was  forced  upon  the  coun 
try,  the  people  were  quietly  pursuing  the  even  tenor  of  their  ways,  doing  what, 
ever  their  hands  found  to  do— working  the  mines,  making  farms  or  cultivating 
those  already  made,  erecting  homes,  founding  cities  and  towns,  building  shops 
and  manufactories— in  short,  the  country  was  alive  with  industry  and  hopes  for 
the  future.     The  people  were  just  recovering  from  the  depression  and  losses  inci- 
dent to  the  financial  panic  of  1857.     The  future  looked  bright  and  promising, 
and  the  industrious  and  patriotic  sons  and  daughters  of  the  Free  States  were 
buoyant  with  hope,  looking  forward  to  the  perfecting  of  new  plans  for  the  en- 
surement  of  comfort  and  competence  in  their  declining  years ;  they  little  heeded 
the  mutterings  and  threatenings  of  treason's  children  in  the  Slave  States  of  the 
South.     True  sons  and  descendants  of  the  heroes  of  the  "times  that  tried  men's 
souls" — the  struggle  for  American  independence — they  never  dreamed  that 
there  was  even  one  so  base  as  to  dare  attempt  the  destruction  of  the  Union  of 
their  fathers — a  government  baptized  with  the  best  blood  the  world  ever  knew. 
While  immediately  surrounded  with  peace  and  tranquility,  they  paid  but  little 
attention  to  the  rumored  plots  and  plans  of  those  who  lived  and  grew  rich  from 
the  sweat  and  toil,  blood  and  flesh  of  others — aye,  even  trafiicked  in  the  offspring 
of  their  own  loins.     Nevertheless,  the  war  came  with  all  its  attendant  horrors. 
April  12,  1861,  Fort  Sumter,  at  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  Maj.  Ander- 
son, U.  S.  A.,  commandant,  was  fired  upon  by  rebels  in  arms.  Although  basest 
treason,  this  first  act  in  the  bloody  reality  that  followed  was  looked  upon  as  the 
mere  bravado  of  a  few  hot-heads — the  act  of  a  few  fire-eaters  whose  sectional 
bias  and  freedom  and  hatred  was  crazed  by  the  excessive  indulgence  in  intoxicat- 
ing potations.     When,  a  day  later,  the  news  was  borne  along  the  telegraph  wires 
that  Maj .  Anderson  had  been  forced  to  surrender  to  what  had  first  been  regarded, 
as  a  drunken  mob,  the  patriotic  people  of  the  North  were  startled  from  their 
dreams  of  the  future,  from  undertakings  half  completed,  and  made  to  realize  that 
behind  that  mob  there  was  a  dark,  deep  and  well  organized  purpose  to  destroy 
the  government,  rend  the  Union  in  twain,  and  out  of  its  ruins  erect  a  slave  oli- 
garchy, wherein  no  one  would  dare  question  their  right  to  hold  in  bondage  the 
sons  and  daughters  of  men  whose  skins  were  black,  or  who,  perchance,  through 
practices  of  lustful  natures,  were  half  or  quarter  removed  from  the  color  that 
God,  for  his  own  purposes,  had  given  them.     But  they  "  reckoned  without  their 
host."       Their  dreams  of  the  future,  their  plans  for  the  establishment  of  an 
independent  confederacy,  were  doomed  from  their  inception  to  sad  and  bitter 
disappointment. 

Immediately  upon  the  surrender  of  Fort  Sumter,  Abraham  Lincoln — 
America's  martyr  President,  who,  but  a  few  short  weeks  before,  had  taken  the 
oath  of  oflice  as  the  nation's  chief  executive,  issued  a  proclamation  calling  for 
75,000  volunteers  for  three  months.     The  last  word  had  scarcely  been  taken 


436  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

from  the  electric  wires  before  the. call  was  filled.  Men  and  money  were  counted 
■out  by  hundreds  and  thousands.  The  people  who  loved  their  whole  govern- 
ment could  not  give  enough.  Patriotism  thrilled  and  vibrated  and  pulsated 
through  every  heart.  The  farm,  the  workshop,  the  office,  the  pulpit,  the  bar, 
the  bench,  the  college,  the  school  house,  every  calling  offered  its  best  men,  their 
lives  and  fortunes  in  defense  of  the  government's  honor  and  unity.  Party  lines 
were  for  the  time  ignored.  Bitter  words,  spoken  in  moments  of  political  heat, 
were  forgotten  and  forgiven,  and,  joining  hands  in  a  common  cause,  they 
repeated  the  oath  of  America's  soldier-statesman :  "  By  the  Great  Eternal, 
the  Union  must  and  shall  he  preserved !" 

Seventy-five  thousand  men  were  not  enough  to  subdue  the  rebellion.  Nor 
were  ten  times  that  number.  The  war  went  on,  and  call  followed  call,  until  it 
began  to  look  as  if  there  would  not  be  men  enough  in  all  the  Free  States  to 
crush  out  and  subdue  the  monstrous  war  traitors  had  inaugurated.  But  to 
every  call  for  either  men  or  money,  there  was  a  willing  and  ready  response. 
And  it  is  a  boast  of  the  people  that,  had  the  supply  of  men  fallen  short,  there 
were  women  brave  enough,  daring  enough,  patriotic  enough,  to  have  offered 
themselves  as  sacrifices  on  their  country's  altar.  Such  were  the  impulses, 
motives  and  actions  of  the  patriotic  men  of  the  North,  among  whom  the  sons 
of  Delaware  County  made  a  conspicuous  and  praiseworthy  record.  Of  the 
offerings  made  by  these  people  during  the  great  and  final  struggle  between 
freedom  and  slavery  it  is  the  purpose  now  to  write. 

April  14,  A.  D.  1861,  Abraham  Lincoln,  President  of  the  United  States, 
issued  the  following : 

PROCLAMATION. 

Whereas,  The  laws  of  the  United  States  have  been  and  now  are  violently  opposed  in 
several  States,  by  combinations  too  powerful  to  be  suppressed  in  the  ordinary  way  ;  I  therefore 
call  for  the  militia  of  the  several  States  of  the  Union,  to  the  aggregate  number  of  75,000,  to 
suppress  said  combinations  and  execute  the  laws.  I  appeal  to  all  loyal  citizens  to  facilitate  and 
aid  in  this  effort  to  mainiaiu  the  laws  and  the  integrity  of  the  perpetuity  of  the  popular  govern- 
ment, and  redress  wrongs  long  enough  endured.  The  first  service  assigned  to  the  forces, 
probably,  will  he  to  repossess  the  forts,  places  and  property  which  have  been  seized  from  tie 
Union.  Let  the  utmost  care  be  taken,  consistent  with  the  object,  to  avoid  devastation,  destruc- 
tion, interference  with  the  property  of  peaceful  citizens  in  any  part  of  the  country  ;  and  I  hereby 
command  persons  composing  the  aforesaid  combination  to  disperse  within  twenty  days  from 
date 

I  hereby  convene  both  Houses  of  Congress  for  the  4th  day  of  July  next,  to  determine  upon 
measures  for  public  safety  which  the  interest  of  the  subject  demands. 

ABRAHAM  LINCOLN. 

Wm.  H.  Seward,  Secretary  of  Stale.  President  of  the  United  States. 

The  gauntlet  thrown  down  by  the  traitors  of  the  South  was  accepted — not, 
however,  in  the  spirit  with  which  insolence  meets  insolence — but  with  a  firm, 
determined  spirit  of  patriotism  and  love  of  country.  The  duty  of  the  President 
was  plain,  under  the  Constitution  and  the  laws,  and  above  ahd  beyond  all,  the 
people  from  whom  political  power  is  derived,  demanded  the  suppression  of  the 
rebellion,  and  stood  ready  to  sustain  the  authority  of  their  representatives  and 
executive  officers. 

The  total  absence  of  newspaper  files  or  other  records  for  1861  to  1864,  ren- 
ders it  impossible  for  the  historian  to  do  full  justice  to  the  spirit  and  patriotism 
of  this  people  in  the  early  days  of  America's  gigantic  and  bloody  struggle  against 
rebellion,  and  their  liberal  contributions  to  maintain  the  integrity  of  this  glo- 
rious Union.  It  is  a  proud  record,  for  from  their  midst  went  out  brave  soldiers 
and  leaders,  like  the  dashing  Peters,  the  cool  Holbrook,  the  invincible  Knee, 
the  imperturbable  Van  Anda,  with  their  equally  brave  commands,  to  aid  in  the 
grand  struggle  for  the  maintenance  and  perpetuity  of  the  Union. 


MANCHESTER 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  439 

"  A  union  of  lakes,  a  union  of  lands, 
A  union  that  none  can  sever; 

A  union  of  hearts,  a  union  of  hands 

The  American  Union  forever." 

Never  before  in  the  world's  history  was  witnessed  such  an  uprising  of  the  masses 
such  unanimity  of  sentiment,  such  willingness  to  sacrifice  life  and  money  on  the 
altar  of  patriotism. 

When  the  first  companies  were  being  raised,  measures  were  inaugurated  and 
carried  out  to  raise  money  by  subscription  for  the  support  of  the  families  of  the 
volunteers.  But  there  were  so  many  calls  for  men,  and  the  number  and  needs 
of  these  families  whose  providers  had  gone  to  defend  the  life  of  the  nation,  that 
it  became  an  impossibility  for  private  purses,  however  willing  their  holders,  to 
supply  all  the  demand,  and  the  county  authorities  made  frequent  and  liberal 
appropriations  from  the  public  treasury  for  that  purpose.  Private  liberality 
still  continued.  This  money  was  raised  in  the  midst  of  the  excitement  of  war, 
when  the  exigencies  of  the  times  demanded  it,  and  the  generous  people  never 
thought  to  inquire  how  much  was  given.  Aside  from  the  sums  appropriated  by 
county  authority,  no  account  was  ever  kept.  Had  there  been,  the  sum  would 
now  seem  almost  fabulous. 

It  is  to  be  stated  to  the  honor  of  Delaware  County,  that  no  bounties  were 
ever  paid  by  county  or  township,  although  some  were  paid  by  individual  sub- 
scription, and  she  always  had  her  full  quota  of  men  in  the  field.  During  the 
time  that  drafts  were  considered  necessary,  liberal  payments  were  made  for  sub- 
stitutes, but  it  afterward  appeared  that  many  Delaware  men  had  voluntarily 
enlisted  at  Dubuque,  and  elsewhere,  and  the  county  was  not  subject  to  draft,  as 
the  quota  was  more  than  full. 

April  13,  1864,  the  citiisens  of  Delaware  met  in  the  school  house  at  Man- 
chester for  the  purpose  of  forming  a  County  Association  to  assist  in  the  great 
Northern  Iowa  Sanitary  Fair,  to  be  held  in  Dubuque  on  the  24th  of  May,  fol- 
lowing. R.  W.  Tirrell  was  Chairman  and  H.  F.  Hamlin,  Secretary.  Rev.  H. 
B.  Holmes,  of  Dubuque,  was  in  introduced,  who  made  a  stirring  appeal  to  the 
Delaware  people,  urging  them  to  take  hold  of  the  work  as  one  man,  and  to  see 
to  it  that  Delaware  County  was  fully  represented  in  the  great  and  loyal  enter- 
prise. A  committee,  consisting  of  H.  F.  Hamlin,  Wm.  Cattron,  Mrs.  A.  P. 
Baldwin  and  Mrs.  H.  Houghton,  was  appointed  to  nominate  officers  for  the 
Delaware  County  Sanitary  Fair  Association,  who  reported  the  following,  who 
were  unanimously  elected,  viz.: 

President,  A.  T.  Loring  ;  Vice  President,  E.  W.  Jeifries ;  Secretary,  Mrs. 
A.  T.  Loring ;  Treasurer,  Edward  Burnside ;  Executive  Committee,  A.  S.  Blair, 
Chairman ;  Mrs.  H.  M.  Conger,  Mrs.  R.  Rule,  Mrs.  A.  P.  Baldwin,  Mrs.  H. 
Houghton,  and  officers  of  the  association  ex  officio.  On  the  14th,  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  met  and  added  to  its  members  the  following :  Mrs.  Littlejohn, 
Delhi ;  Mrs.  W.  H.  Finley,  South  Fork ;  Manasseh  Smith,  Union ;  H.  J. 
Brown,  Hazel  Green  ;  James  Cromwell,  Adams ;  Mrs.  Peter  Richardson,  Prai- 
rie ;  Miss  Frank  Albrook,  Milo ;  Rev.  Mr.  Holmes,  North  Fork ;  Mrs,  C.  San- 
born, Oneida ;  Mrs.  Hammond  Gardiner,  Coffin's  Grove ;  S.  A.  Thompson, 
Richland  ;  J.  W.  Windsor,  Honey  Creek  ;  Mrs.  R.  M.  Watson,  Elk  ;  and  J. 
W.  Simpson,  Colony. 

On  the  14th  an  exhibition  was  given  by  the  Manchester  Soldiers'  Aid 
Society,  resulting  in  raising  $50,  which  was  paid  over  to  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee. The  play  rendered  was  "  Toodles,"  and  among  those  who  took  places 
in  the  cast  were  Messrs.  Hastings,  A.  S.  Blair,  Charles  H.  Blair,  H.  N.  Cor- 
nish,  and  Mrs.  Holbrook,  nee  Taylor. 


440  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

The  citizens  of  South  Fork  Township  organized  a  Township  Co-operative 
Fair,  Rev.  H.  M.  Harman,  President;  P.  Karst,  Vice  President;  J.  W. 
McKean,  Recording  Secretary;  Mrs.  Dr.  Finley,  Corresponding  Secretary; 
Rev.  Mr.  Sessions,  Treasurer  ;  Executive  Committee,  Lieut.  J.  W.  Gift,  Mr.  0. 
Henry,  Mrs.  H.  W.  Olmstead,  William  Spence,  Joseph  Cool,  G.  R.  Browder, 
Mrs.  B.  T.  Pope,  John  Dunlap,  Jerome  T.  Davis,  Theodore  Marks,  Mrs.  J.  W. 
Gift,  E.  P.  Weatherbee,  W.  Olmstead  and  Eli  C.  Brown. 

The  Delaware  County  Union  of  April  25,  1864,  contained  the  following : 

Bkavo. — Only  one  young  man  over  twenty  years  of  age  remains  (in  Hopkinton).     All  the 
balance  have  been  connected  with  the  army.     What  town  can  beat  that  ? 

April  26th,  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  County  Sanitary  Association 
added  to  its  members  Mrs.  James  Brown,  Mrs.  F.  Bethell,  Mrs.  H.  N.  Oornisli, 
H.  F.  Hamlin  and  S.  W.  Green,  M.  D. 

The  fair  at  Dubuque  was  postponed  to  June  21st,  and  until  that  time,  the 
people  of  Delaware  held  picnics,  festivals,  dances,  etc.,  the  proceeds  of  which 
were  devoted  to  swelling  the  amount  in  the  hands  of  the  Executive-  Committee. 
Excursion  trains  over  the  Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  Railroad,  at  half  fare,  were 
arranged,  and  the  fair  was  a  magnificent  success,  to  which  Delaware  contributed 
very  materially.  Mr.  Loring.  on  the  29th  of  June,  acknowledged  the  following 
contributions :  Manchester,  $469.38 ;  Prairie  Township,  one  firkin  butter, 
$12.00,  and  a  box  of  clothjng ;  Milo  Township,  $50.00;  Hopkinton,  $93.50; 
Sand  Spring,  $27.20  and  a  quantity  of  provisions  and  sanitary  stores.  But 
these  were  only  a  small  part  of  the  contributions  of  Delaware  County.  The 
proceeds  of  the  Northern  Iowa  Sanitary  Fair  amounted  to  about  $75,000. 

As  long  as  the  war  continued,  money  was  ready — men  were  ready.  Men 
of  wealth  furnished  the  former,  and  the  less  affluent  filled  the  ranks — furnished 
the  brawn,  the  muscle,  the  bravery,  the  sinews  of  war.  Oftentimes,  the  former 
furnished  not  only  their  share  of  money,  but  shouldered  their  muskets  and 
followed  the  starry  flag  as  well. 

Having  noticed  the  financial  sacrifices  and  the  readiness  of  the  wealthier 
part  of  the  people  to  contribute  liberally  and  continuously  of  their  means,  we 
come  now  to  the  volunteer  soldiery.  And  of  these,  what  can  we  say  ?  What 
vivid  words  can  the  pen  employ  that  will  do  justice  to  their  heroic  valor,  to  their 
unequaled  and  unparalleled  bravery  and  endurance  ?  Home  and  home  comforts, 
wives  and  little  ones,  fathers,  mothers,  sisters,  brothers,  were  all  given  up  for 
life  and  danger  on  the  fields  of  battle — for  exposure,  fatigue,  disease  and  death, 
at  the  point  of  the  bayonet  or  at  the  cannon's  mouth.  But  little  they  recked 
for  all  these,  but  boldly  and  bravely  went  out  with  their  lives  in  their  hands  to 
meet  and  to  conquer  the  foes  of  the  Union,  maintain  its  supremacy  and  vindi- 
cate its  honor  and  its  integrity.  No  more  fitting  tribute  to  their  patriotic  valor 
can  be  offered  than  a  full  and  complete  record,  so  far  as  it  is  possible  to  make 
it,  embracing  the  names,  the  terms  of  enlistment,  the  battles  in  which  they 
were  engaged,  and  all  the  minutiae  of  their  military  lives.  It  will  be  a  wreath 
of  glory  encircling  every  brow — a  precious  memento  which  each  and  every  one 
of  them  earned,  gloriously  earned,  in  defense  of  their  and  our  common  country. 


WAR  RECORD  OF  DELAWARE  COUITY, 

TAKEN  PRINCIPALLY  FROM  ADJUTANT  GENERAL'S  REPORTS. 


ABBRETIATIOXS. 


Ac^t Adjutant 

Art Artillery 

Bat Battle  or  Battalion 

Col Colonel 

Capt Captain 

Oorpl Corporal 

Comay, Commissary 

com commissioned 

cav cavalry 

captd captured 

desrtd deserted 

disab disabled 

disd discharged 

enlisted 

©xcd ..exchanged 

e  f. infantry 

Iny invalid 


}-Y-  ^ Towa  Volunteer  Infantry 

f\^-; killed 

i;^^'*'^ Lieutenant 

*^aj Major 

™-  ° mustered  out 

P™td promoted 

P"^^ .....prisoner 

Itegt Epgiment 

''^"^ re-enlisted 

l^^ resigned 

fergt Sergeant 

^^^^^ translfrred 

I?*"  •" veteran 

»■  I»"  0 Veteran  Reserve  Corps 

^d wounded 

hon.  disd honorably  discharged 


FIKST  INFANTRY. 

The  First  Regiment  Iowa  Volunteers  was  composed  of 
independent  military  companies  organized  before  the 
war  began,  and  enlisted  for  three  months.  It  is  said 
that  Capt.  Herron  and  his  company  tendered  their  ser- 
vices to  the  Secretary  of  War  three  months  before  the 
commencement  of  hostilities.  This  regiment  was  en- 
gaged at  Wilson's  Creek,  under  Gen.  Lyon,  and  lost  ten 
killed  and  nearly  fifty  wounded. 
Collins  Jas.  e.  April  23, 1861. 
Collins  Jos.  e.  April  23, 1861,  re-e  12th  Inf.  Sept.  10, 1861, 

now  Sergt. 
Wall  F.  M.  e.  April  23, 1861,  as  Private  in  Co.  H,  16th  Inf. 

THIRD  INFANTRY. 

The  Third  Regiment  waa  raised,  drilled  and  sent  to  the 
front  about  August  1, 1861.  Its  first  engagement  was  at 
Blue  Mills,  Mo.,  September  18,  1861.  Fought  gallantly 
at  Shiloh  two  days,  the  second  day  under  command  of 
Iiieut.  Onsley,  the  regimental  officers  being  off  duty  or 
wounded.  At  Metamora,  October  6,  lBfi2,  the  regiment 
suffered  heavily.  On  its  way  to  joia  Gen.  Grant,  before 
Vicksburg,  the  Third  was  attacked  by  guerrillas,  and  had 
fourteen  men  wounded.  Participated  in  the  operations 
at  Vicksburg.  July  12, 1863,  it  went  into  battle  at  John- 
son, Miss.,  with  241  men,  and  lost  114  killed,  wounded 
and  missing.  Participated  in  the  Meridian  expedition, 
arriving  there  Februaiy  3, 1864,  and  next  day  tore  up 
fifteen  miles  of  railroad.  Near  Atlanta,  did  good  service, 
July  28.  Greatly  reduced  in  numbers,  the  survivors  re- 
enlisted,  forming  three  companies,  and  consolidated  with 
the  Second  Infantry. 

[Note.— Tfte  nim-velerant  of  this  regiment  tvtrt  mmttrti 
ohI  in  January  and  July^  18Gk.^ 

Company  C. 

First  Lieut.  Abel  A.  Franklin,  e.  as  musician  May  18, 
1861,  prmtd.  1st  sergt,  then  2d  lieut.  July  18, 1862. 

Sergt.  .lohn  H.  Barle,  o.  May  18, 1861. 

Sergt.  Stephen  Cousins,  e.  May  18, 1861,  wd.  April  6, 1861, 

Baldwin  0.  e.  May  18, 1861,  disd.  June  16, 1862.  disd. 

Babcock  Chas.  e.  May  18,  1861,  taken  prisr.  at  Shiloh 
April  6, 186Z, 

GibbsWm.  e.  May  18, 1861, 

Gosling  Geo,  G,  e.  May  18, 1861, 

Griffith  Eobt.  P,  e  May  18, 1861,  prmtd.  2d  corpl,,  wd,  at 
Shiloh  April  6, 1862.  „„,„„, 

Holmes  D.  W.  e.  May  18, 1861,  disd.  disab.  Nov,  26, 1861, 

Hopson  A.  E,  e.  May  18, 1861,  disd.  disah,  Nov,  26, 18B1, 


Libby  E,  Jr.  e.  May  18, 1861,  died  Aug,  24, '63,  at  Natchez 
Michael  Goo,  e.  May  18, 1861,  trans,  to  inv.  corns    Feb 

IS,  1864,  ' 

Noble  Jas.  L.  e.  May  18, 1861,  disd.  disab.  March  4, 1861. 
Kichmond  Walter,  e.  May  18, 1861. 
Sanford  Geo.  e.  May  18, 1864, 
Sanford  Geo,  e.  May  18,  1S61, 
Blue  Xnnis,  e,  Feb,  5, 1864,  disd,  Aug,  27, 1864, 

THIED  VETERAN  INFANTRY, 
Company  A. 

Capt,  Robt.  P.  Griffith,  com.  July  «,  1864,  kid.  In  battle 
(while  corpl.)  at  siege  of  Atlanta,  July  22, 1864. 

FIFTH  INFANTRY. 

The  Fifth  Repiment  Infantry  saw  its  first  'active 
service  in  front  of  New  Madrid,  when  Companies  A  and 
B  occupied  the  skirmish  line.  Did  brilliant  service  in 
the  operations  against  Island  No.  10.  and  after  its  sur- 
render were  directed  to  inscribt  "New  Madrid"  and 
"Island  No.  10"  upon  its  flag.  At  luka,  St-ptember  19, 
18B2,  the  regiment  lo^tt  heavily.  During  April  and  May, 
1863,  heavy  skirmishing  in  Louisiana  and  Mississippi, 
and  participated  in  the  operations  before  Vioksburg,  At 
Chattanooga,  one-third  of  the  repiment  was  captured. 
At  Mission  Ridge,  the  brave  old  Fifth  was  again  on  the 
skirmish  line.    Mustered  out  at  Kingston,  Ala. 

[NoTB.^rAw  regiment  was  disbanded  Avguet,  186jlt.'] 

Company  K. 

Capt.  Dan'l  S.  Malvin,  com.  2d  lieut.,  prmtd.  1st  lieut. 

Feb.  1, 1862,  prmtd.  capt.  March  1,  1862,  reduced  to 

1st  lieut. 
Second  Lieut.  Jerome  Darling,  e.  as  corpl.  July  1,1861, 

prmtd.  Ist  sergt.  then  2d  lieut.  Sept.  20,  1862,  died 

May  17, 1863,  of  wds.  received  at  battle  of  Champion 

Hills. 
Sergl.  0.  H.  Smith,  captd.  Nov.  25, 1862,  at  Chattanooga. 
Corpl.  Wm  T.  Crozier,  e.  July  1, 1861. 
Coi-pl.  Wm.  Setchfield,  e.  July  1, 1861,  wd.  at  Xuku  Sept. 

19, 1862. 
Burrington  0.  L.,  e.  July  1, 1861,  missing  after  battle  of 

luka. 
Borrett  Wm.  e.  Julyl,  1861,  committed  suicide  on  steamer 

War  Eagle  Sept  19, 1861. 
Carlton  Geo.  e.  July  1, 1861, 
Doolittlfl  Wm.  A.  e.  July  1, 1861. 
Field  Job  M.  e.  July  1,  '61,  captd.  Chattanooga  Nov.  25,  63, 


442 


WAR  RECORD  OP  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 


Field  S.  W.  F.  e.  July  1, 1861,  kid.  in  battle  of  luka,  Sept. 

19, 1862. 
Griffln  Asel,  e.  July  1, 1861. 

Gilbert  N.  e.  July  1, 1861,' diad.  for  disab.  Feb.  13, 1862. 
Hallenbeck  J.  e.  July  1, 1861,  captd.  at  Chattanooga  Nov. 

26,  1863. 
Healey  Jolin,  e.  July  1, 1861,  died  Sept.  27, 1862,  of  wds. 

received  at  luka. 
Luckinbill  B.  e.  July  1, 1861. 
Moshier  Tunis,  e.  July  1, 1861. 
Noble  A.  F.  e.  July  1, 1861. 

Shryock  S.  e.  July  1,  1861,  wd.  in  bat.  luka  Sept.  19,  '62. 
Traby  E.  B.  e.  July  1,  1861,  died  March  27,  1862,  at  St. 

Louis. 
Watson  Geo.  F.  e.  July  1, 1861. 
Webb  Jae.  e.  July  1,  1861,  captd.  at  Chattanooga  Nov. 

25,  1863. 
Doolitle  A.  K.  e.  Dec.  22.  1863. 

NINTH  INFANTRY. 

The  NiEth  Infantry  was  sent  to  the  front  in  1861. 
Hon.  Wm.  Vandever  resigned  his  seat  in  Congress  to 
take  command  of  the  Fifth.  The  regiment  was  first 
under  fire  at  Pea  Bidge,  where  it  behaved  gallantly.  Was 
in  IheTozoo  expedition,  in  1863.  The  Third  Iowa  Battery 
was  recruited  as  a  component  part  of  the  Ninth.  The 
regiment  participated  in  the  movements  against  Atlanta 
and  in  the  famous  march  through  the  Carolinas  under 
an  Iowa  oiiicer,  and,  with  three  other  Iowa  regiments, 
captured  Columubia. 

[Note. — This  regiment  was  mvsUred  out  July  18^  1865^  ai 
Louisville.  Officers  not  otfiervise  accounted  for  were  mus- 
tered out  with  regiment,] 

Company  D. 

Bergt,  Jas.  E.  Kirkwood,  e.  Sept.  5, 1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan. 
1, 1864,  wd.  at  Pea  Kidge,  Ark.,  March  7, 1862. 

Corp.  John  B.  Miller,  o.  Sept.  .5,  1861,  prmtd.  from  pri- 
vate Feb.  1, 1862,  wd.  at  Atlanta  July  22,  1864. 

Boyer  I.  0.  e.  Aug.  29, 1861,  died  March  14, 1862,  of  wds. 
received  at  Pea  Ridge,  Ark. 

Bdgingt'^n  Thos.  J.  e.  Aug.  16, 1861,  disd.  for  disab.  Jan. 
18,1861. 

Gilbert  F.  D.  e.  Aug.  29, 1861,  prmtd.  to  4th  corp.  March 
17,  1862. 

Gale  Wm.  L.  e.  Aug.  29, 1861,  disd.  for  disab.  Jan.  18,  '62. 

King  Wm.  H.  e.  Aug.  26, 1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1, 1864. 

Mei-sellus  John,  e.  Sept.  12, 1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1,  '64. 

Matkew  Lewie,  e.  Aug.  23, 1861,  disd.  July  IB,  1862,  re-e. 
as  vet.  Jan.  1, 1864. 

Phillips  Alex.  e.  Aug.  23, 1861,  disd.  for  disab.  Jan.  11, '62. 

Smith  Jno.  Isaac,  e.  Aug.  16, 1861. 

Smith,  E.  A.  e.  Sept.  17, 1861,  kid.  March  7, 1862,  in  ac- 
tion at  Pea  Kidge. 

McCullough  Wm.  e.  Aug.  30,  '61,  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  23,  '64. 

Blasdell  B.  A.  e.  Feb.  26, 1864. 

Colyer  Ohas.  C.  e.  Feb.  27, 1864. 

Dickey  Chas.  H.  e.  Feb.  26, 1864. 

Dickey  F.  N.  e.  Feb.  20, 1864. 

Havens  Eomango,  e.  Feb.  26, 1864. 

Owens  Jas.  Jr.  e.  Feb.  26. 1864. 

Company  E. 

Corp.  Alberd  D.  Strunk,  e.  Sept.  23, 1861,  as  private,  prmtd. 
Corp.  March  10, 1862. 

Company  F. 

Seaton  Asa  M.  e.  Sept.  13, 1861,  died  at  Young's  Point,  La. 
March  20, 1863, 

Company  G. 

Second  Lieut.  Jacob  Piatt,  e.  as  Sergt.  July  28,  1861, 

prmtd.  1st  sergt.  then  2d  lieut.  Aug.  4,  1863,  re-e. 

as  vet.  Jan  1,  1864,  disd.  as  1st  sergt.  for  disability 

July  25, 1864. 
Sergt.  Milton  F.  Fowler,  e.  July  28, 1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan. 

1, 1864,  wd.  July  22,  1864,  at  Atlanta. 
Cuppet  David  L.  e.  Sept.  10, 1861,  wd,  at  Pea  Ridge,  re-e. 

as  vet.  Jan.  1, 1864. 
MoGuigan  Wm.  H.  e.  Sept.  10,  1861,  kid.  in  action  at 

Vicksburg  May  22, 1863. 
Michaels  Aaron  e.  Sept,  18, 1861,  died  March  16,  1862,  of 

wds,  received  at  Pea  Bidge. 
Shrunk  Jos.  e.  Sept.  24, 1861. 
Costello  Thos.  e.  Sept,  3, 1861,  re-e,  as  vet.  Jan.  1, 1864. 

Waters  Jno.  H,  e, ,  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1, 1864. 

Wells  T.  P.  6.  Sept.  18,  1861,  re-e,  as  vet.  Jan.  i,  1864, 

disd.  for  fiisabilily. 


Company  K. 

Sergt.  Thoa.  A.  Farrington,  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  26, 1864 
Clark  Wm.  e.  Feb.  29, 1864,  unassigned. 
Gilham  Jordan,  e.  Feb.  20, 1864,  unassigned. 
Eirk  Wm.  H.  e.  Feb.  2, 1864,  unassigned. 
Menes  James,  e.  Feb.  29, 1864,  unassigned. 

TWELFTH  INFANTRY. 

The  Twelfth  llegiment  was  recruited  late  in  the  Summer 
of  1861}  and  organized  at  Camp  Union,  Dubuque,  Iowa,  and 
mustered  into  the  service  of  the  United  States  Nov.  25 
1861,  by  Capt.  Washington,  Thirteenth  United  Statas 
Infantry, 

A  large  portion  of  Companies  F,  H  and  K  were  Dela- 
ware  County  men.  Company  F  waa  recruited  at  Man- 
chester, H  at  Oolesburg  and  Dubuque,  and  K  at  Hop* 
kinton  almost  compelled  the  college  at  that  place  to 
suspend  for  want  of  students.  The  first  active  service 
in  which  the  regiment  was  engaged  was  at  Fort  Dooei- 
son,  where  it  was  assigned  to  Cook's  brigade  of  Smith's 
Division,  and  waa  engaged  in  the  battles  of  the  13th,  14th 
and:  15th  of  February,  which  resulted  in  the  capture  of 
the  Fort  and  its  garrison  on  the  16th,  the  enemy  surren- 
dering themselves  prisoners  of  war.  During  most  of  the 
time,  the  boys  were  exposed  to  a  cold  rain  and  sleet,  and, 
not  being  permitted  to  have  any  fire,  suffered  very  much  ^ 
from  cold. 

At  Shiloh,  the  Twelfth  was  brigaded  with  the  Second, 
Seventh  and  Fourteenth  Iowa  regiments,  called  the  Iowa 
Brigade  commanded  by  Gen.  Tuttle,  Second  Iowa  In- 
fantry, Gen.  W.  B.  "Wallace  commanding  the  division, 
and  were  in  position  near  a  field  beyond  Gen  Hurlbut's 
headquarters.  Here  it  remained  in  line  of  battle  from 
6  o'clock  ;A.  M.  until  about  4  P.  M.,  during  which 
time  the  enemy  made  several  bold  charges,  and  was  re- 
pulsed with  great  loss  in  killed  and  wounded.  The 
Twelfth  and  Fourteenth  being  in  support  of  a  battery, 
and  having  no  orders  to  fall  back,  and  not  having  notice 
,  that  the  lef  c  had  given  way,  were  allowed  to  he  surrounded, 
and  after  several  hours'  desperate  fighting,  in  which  three 
or  four  regiments  contended  against  the  whole  rebel 
force;  the  Twelfth  having  its  commanding  ofl5cer, Col. 
Woods,  severely  wounded,  with  sixteen  men  killed  and 
ninety-seven  wounded,  with  all  hopes  of  retreat  or  succor 
cut  off,  was  obliged  to  surrender  at  6  o*olock  F.  M. 
Number  of  men  cabtured  from  regiment,  about  400. 

The  men  of  the  Eighth,  Twelfth  and  Fourteenth  Iowa 
regiments,  who  were  not  captured,  were  organized  into  a 
regiment  CdUed  the  "  Union  Brigade,"  of  which  regiment 
the  Twelfth  formed  companies  K  and  K.  The  Pnion 
Brigade  waa  engaged  and  took  very  prominent  part  in 
the  battle  of  Corinth,  Oct.  3d  and  4th,  1862,  the  Twelfth 
Iowa  losing  three  killed  and  twenty-five  wounded  out  of 
eighty  men  engaged.  After  pursuing  the  enemy  as  far 
as  Ripley,  Miss.,  the  regiment  returned  to  Corinth,  where 
it  was  engaged  in  building  fortifications  until  Doc. 
18th,  1862,  when  orders  were  received  from  the  War 
Department  discontinuing  the  organization  known  as  the 
Union  Brigade,  and  ordering  men  of  the  Eighth,  Twelfth 
and  Fourteenth  Iowa  to  proceed  to  Davenport,  Iowa,  to 
re-organize  their  regiments,  prisoners  having  been  paroled 
Oct.  18th,  1862,  and  exchanged  Nov.  10th,  186'-i.  The 
detachment  of  the  Twelfth  Iowa  arrived  at  JacksoD, 
Tenn.,  where  it  was  found  that  Forrest  had  destroyed  the 
railroad  from  Uniontown,  and  was  threatening  Jackson. 
The  detachment  was  at  once  ordered  to  the  defence  of  the 
place,  and  remained  four  days,  when  it  was  ordered  to 
open  the  railroad  to  Columbus  Ky.,  which  delayed  the 
detachment  until  the  4th  of  January.  It  arrived  at 
Columbus  on  that  day  and  was  ordered  once  more  to 
Davenport,  where  it  arrived  on  the  7th  of  January,  MBS, 
and  fi-om  there  it  waa  ordered  on  the  27th  of  March  to 
proceed  to  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  there  to  rejoin  the  regiment, 
and  soon  as  organized  was  ordered  to  report  to  Gen.  Grant 
in  the  field,  near  Vicksburg,  Miss,,  and  served  during  the 
entire  siege,  participating  in  all  the  principal  engagements 
until  the  22d  of  J  uue,  when  it  was  sent  to  Black  Eiver  to 
guard  the  rear  from  an  attack  by  Johnson.  Vicksburg 
surrendered  July  4th.  , 

The  Twelfth  was  engaged  in  the  battle  near  Tupelo, 
Miss.,  on  the  13th,  14th  and  15thof  July  1864j  losing  nine 
men  killed,  fifty-four  wounded  and  one  missing  out  or 
200  engaged. 

In  June,  1864,  Companies  A  and  F,  numbering  n"?-''^^ 
men,  under  command  of  Capt.  J.  R.  C.  Hunter,  Co.  A, 
while  stationed  at  the  mouth  of  White  River,  Ark,  were 
attacked  by  600  rebels  of  Marraaduke's  command,  about 
daylight,  on  the  22d  of  June,  but  taking  refuge  behind  a 
Blight    stockade  they  repulsed  the  enemy,  he  leaving 


WAR  RECORD  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 


443 


twenty  killed  and  mortally  wounded  on  the  field.  The 
loss  of  Companies  A  and  F  was  one  killed  and  four 
woundod. 

The  regiment  fought  bravely  in  the  battle  of  Nashville, 
and  received  special  mention  by  brigade  and  division 
commanders  for  good  service.  Corp,  Luther  P.  Kalten- 
bach,  of  Co.  F,  and  Private  A.  J.  Sloan,  of  Co.  H,  each 
captured  a  rebel  flag,  for  which  they  were  rewarded  with 
medals  by  the  Secretary  of  War. 

The  regiment  marched  in  pursuit  of  Hood  with  the 
army  to  Clinton,  on  the  Tennessee  River,  thence  by 
steamer  to  EMtport,  Miss.j  arriving  there  on  the  7th  of 
January,  186.'i.  Here  Lieut.  Col.  John  H.  Stibbs  got  a 
leave  of  absence  for  thirty  days  to  visit  Iowa,  for  the 
purpose  of  recruiting  up  the  regiment.  He  remained  in 
Iowa  but  a  short  time,  when  he  went  to  Wa*'hington,and 
through  the  influence  of  friends  secured  a  position  on  a 
military  commission,  where  he  remained  until  after  the 
war  closed.  Major  Samuel  G.  Knee  assumed  command  of 
the  regiment,  and  retained  it  during  the  remaining 
period  of  its  service.  From  Eastport  the  regiment  was 
ordered  to  New  Orleans,  then  embarked  with  the  forces 
under  Gen.  Canby  on  the  expedition  against  Mobile ;  was 
in  the  front  line  during  the  sieffe  of  Spanish  Fort,  which 
was  the  last  service  rendered  by  the  regiment.  During 
its  service,  the  gallant  Twelfth  was  in  twenty -three  battles, 
was  under  fire  112  days  and  had  ninety-five  men  killed  in 
battle.  S.  G.  Knee,  who  entered  service  and  went  to  the 
front  as  First  Sergeant  of  Co.  H,  returned  as  Lieutenant 
Colonel,  and  breveted  Colonel. 

[Note. — This  regiment  waa  mustered  out    at  Memphis, 
Tenn.,  Jan.  SO,  IStSG.     Officers  not  otherwise  accounted  for 
ujere  mustered  out  as  wit-k  the  regiment. 
Lieut.  Col,  Samuel  G,  Knee,  e,  as  1st  sergt.  Co,  H,  Sept.  19, 

1861,  taken  prisr.  at  Shiloh,  prmtd,  2d  lieut,  Nov,  9, 

1862,  prmtd.  cept.  Sept,  3,  1863,  re-e.  aa  vet.,  prmtd. 
m»j,  Dec,  2, 1864,  prmtd,  lieut,  col,  Nov.  22, 1866. 

<J.  M.  S.,  S.  M.  French,  e.  as  private  Sept.  18, 1861,  re-e.  as 

vet.  Dec.  26, 1863. 
Asst.  Surgeon  W.  H,  Finley,  com,  Oct,  30, 1861, 
Sergt,  MaJ,  G,  H,  Morriey,  e.  Sept,  ,26,  1861,  captd,  at 

Shiloh  April  6, 1862,  captd.  at  Jackson,  Miss.  July 

n,  1861,  com.  Q.  M.  May  29, 1863,  m.  o.  Fob.  12,  '66. 
D.  Maj.  Truman  McKee,  e.  Nov.  25,  1861,  as  masician  in 

Co.  F,  disd.  April  28,  1862. 

Company  F. 

Capt.  Jas.  E.  Ainsworth,  com.  Nov.  12, 1861,  res.  April  19, 

1862.  com.  again,  declined  and  revoked. 
Capt.  J.  Wilson  Gift,  com.  1st  lieut.  Nov.  12,  1861,  prmtd. 

capt.  Nov.  29, 1862,  res.  Aug.  8,  1863. 
Capt  Wm.  A,  MorsB,  com,  2d  lieut,  Nov,  12,  1861,  taken 

prisr,  at  Shiloh,  prmtd,    1st  lieut,  Nov,  29,  1862, 

prmtd,  capt,  Aug,  9, 1863,  m,  o  Dec,  1, 1864, 
Capt,  Jno,  Brenner,  e,  as  private  Oct,  15,  1861,  prmtd. 

Corp.  March  22, 1862,  for  bravery  at  Fort  Donelson, 

prmtd.  capt.  April  20, 1865. 
First  Lieut.  Abner  Dunham,  e.  as  corp.  Sept.  24, 1861, 

prmtd.  1st  lieut.  April  20, 1865. 
Sergt.  Hiram  Cronk,  e.  Oct.  10, 1861,  difd  at  St,  Louis 

March  2, 1862, 
Corp.  H.  M.  Preston,  e.  Sept.  16,  1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  Feb. 

29  1864 
Corp.  isa»c  Johnson,  e.  Sept.  24,  1861,  as  private,  missing 

in  battle  Shiloh. 
Corp.  A.  D.  Campbell,  e.  Sept.  26,  1861,  as  private,  kid. 

April  6, 1862,  at  Shiloh. 
Annis  Geo.  W.  e.  Sept.  5,  1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  Dec.  25, 1863. 
Barney  Wm.  H.  e.  Sept.  24, 1861,  oiiptd.  at  Shiloh  April 

6, 1862,  died  June  26, 1862,  at  Naehville. 
Balch  Samuel,  e.  Nov.  1,  1861,  died  at  St.  Louis,  Jan.  3, 

1862. 
Clapp  Seamons,  e.  Sept.  10, 1861,  died  of  wds.  at  Memphis 

June  26,  1864.  „  ,   „„   ,„„ 

Clark  A.  B.  e.  Sept.  21,  '61,  died  at  St.  Louis  Feb.  27,  62. 
Church  A.  e.  Oct.  23, 1861, 

Corell  Edwin,  e,  Nov,  1, 1861,  tran".  to  Invalid  Corps. 
Coolidge  F,  W,,  e,  Oct,  23, 1861,  ree  as  vet,  Dec,  25, 186J, 

and  prmtd,  corp,  ,,      ,    _       „_ 

Coolidge  0.  B.  e.  Nov.  25,  1861,  died  at  St.  Louis  Jan.  ^6, 

,  2862 
Donglass  Bwd,  e.  Oct,  14,  1861,  captd,  at  Shiloh  April  6, 

1862,  died  Jan,  15, 1863,  „,  .,  u    »     -i  « 

Eaton  John  J.  e.  Oct.  2.5, 1861,  captd.  at  Shilob,  April  6, 

1862.  died  Jan.  15,  1863. 
Bldridge  Jos.  E.  e.  Oct.  15, 1861,  re-e.  as  vet,  Dec,  25, 1863, 

prmtd,  corp,  wd,  at  Nashville  Dec.  15, 1864. 
Hempsted  M.  e.  Sept.  30, 1861,  died,  April  4, 1862,  c^sab 
Herrig  Lewis  G.  e,  Nov,  25, 1861,  died  at  Savannah  March 

30,  1862. 


Judson  0.  W.  Oct.  21. 1861,  died  at  St.  Louis  Feb.  7  1862 
Koltenbach  L.  e.  Sept.  27, 1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  Dec  26  1863 

prmtd  corp.  ' 

Koltenbach  Samuel,  e.  Sept,  28,  1861,  trans,  to  Invalid 

Corps,  Jan,  5, 1864, 
Koltenbach  Wm,  e.  Sept,  23, 1861,  died  June  29, 1862,  at 

Nashville, 
Kaster  Hiram,  e.  Sept,  5,  1861,  disd,  June  25, 1862 
Kenney  P,  C,  e,  Sept.  30, 1861,  wd.  at  Corinth  Oct.3, 1862, 

died  Oct.  30,  1862,  at  Keokuk. 
Lilibridge  D.  N.  e.  Sept.  21,  1861,  captd,  at  Shiloh  April 

6, 1862,  died  while  prisr,  at  Macon  Oct,  12, 1862, 
Lyon  L,  D,  e,  Oct,  23,  1861,  re-e.  as  vet,  Dec,  25, 1863,  wd, 

April  28, 1864,  disd,  Aug,  21, 1865, 
Manning  A,  L,  e,  Oct.  11, 1861,  disd,  Aug,  17,  '63,  disab. 
Mason  Wm,  H.  e.  Sept,  16, 1861,  captd,  April  6, 1882  at 

Shiloh,  died  of  starvation  while  prisr,  at  Macon,  Ga, 

July  23, 1862, 
Nelson  C.  L,  e,  Nov,  22, 1861,  deserted  Dec,  7, 1861, 
Nelson  M,  E,  e,  Oct,  15,  1861,  died  at  St,  Louis  Feb,  18,  '62, 
Overocker  E,  M,  e.  Sept,  16, 1861,  captd,  at  Shiloh  April 

6,  1862,  died  while  prisr.  at  Montgomery,  Ala.  May 

20,  1863. 
Otis  John,  Sr.  o,  Nov,  20,  1861,  trans,  to  Invalid  Corps 

Dec,  1, 1863, 
Otis  John,  Jr,  e,  Oct,  14, 1861,  disd.  Jane  9,  1862, 
Otis  Thos,  e,  Oct,  11,  1861,  captd.  at  Shiloh  April  6, 1862, 

died  at  Montgomery,  Ala,  June  6, 1862, 
Overocker  Jas,  H,  e.  Sept,  19, 1861,  disd. 
Pate  G,  W,  e,  Dec,  2.5, 1863, 

Plattenburg  Samuel,  e.  Sept,  16, 1861,  wd,  at  Fort  Donel- 
son and  at  Shiloh,  died,  Aug,  24, 1862, 
Feasley  Russell  H,  e.  Sept,  28,  1861,  re-e,  as  vet,  Feb,  15, 

1864,  wd,  at  Nashville  Dec,  16, 1864, 
Peron  Henry,  e.  Sept,  24,  1861, 

Rosa  Geo,  R,  e.  Sept,  24,  '61,  died  at  St,  Louis  Jan,  27,  '64. 
Ross  R.  H,  e.  Sept,  23,  1861,  disd,  April  28, 1862, 
Roe  A,  J,  e,  Oct,  23, 1861,  re-e,  as  vet,  Dec,  26, 1863, 
Roberts  I,  W,  e.  Nov.  11, 1861,  captd.  at  Shiloh  April  6, 

1862,  died  at  Macon,  Ga.  Aug,  26,  18B2, 
Steers  C,  e,  Oct,  23, 1861,  re-e,  as  vet,  Feb,  16, 1864, 
Steers  Wm,  e,  Oct.  23, 1861,  re-e.  as  vet,  Feb,  29, 1864, 
Schneider  Justu",  e,  Nov,  22,  '61,  re-e,  as  vet,  Dec,  25,  '63. 
Timmons  S.  e.  Sept.  24, 1861,  disd,  April  11,  1862, 
Toney  C,  B,  e.  Sept,  24, 1861,  captd,  at  Shiloh  April  6, 1862, 

died  of  starvation  while  prisr.  at  Macon,  Ga.  July 

24,  1862. 
Taylor  Jas.  M,  e,  Nov,  11, 1861,  wd,  at  Fort  Donelson  Feb, 

16,  1862,  disd,  Oct,  16, 1862, 
Wigger  Joshua,  o,  Oct,  11,  1861,  re-e,  as  vet,  Dec,  25,  "63. 
Heller  M.  B.  e.  Jan.  1,  1863,  died  at  Memphis  July  14,  63. 
Manly  L.  R.  e.  Jan.  4,  1864,  disd.  Nov.  2U,  1865,  disab. 
Coolidge  Charles  L.  e.  March  26, 1864. 
Loring  Jas.  T.  e.  Sept.  10,  '64,  kid.  in  battle  at  Nashville 

Dec.  16,  1864. 
Bobbins  Chas.  L.  e.  Sept.  10, 1864,  died  at  Vioksburg  Feb, 

20, 1866. 

Company  H. 

First  Lieut.  Robt.  Fishel,  com.  Nov.  6,  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 

m.  0.  Dec.  9, 1864,  term  expired. 
First  Lieut.  David  Moreland,  e.  as  private  Sept  19, 1861, 

captd.  at  Shiloh  April  6, 1862,  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  4,  '64, 

prmtd.  Ist  lieut.  April  20, 1866, 
Sergt,  Ralph  M,  Grimes,  c,  Oct,  4,  1861,  captd,  at  Shiloh 

April  6, 1862,  re-e,  as  vet,  Dec,  25, 1863,  wd,  at  Tupelo 

July  14,  1864,  ,      ,„,.,,,, 

Corp,  Benj,  A,  Clark,  o.  Sept,  23,  1861,  captd.  at  Sbiloh 

ByrnsT  h!  e.  Sept.  24, 1861,  captd.  at  Shiloh  April  6, 1862, 

died  at  Macon,  Ga.,  Oct.  1, 1862.  „  ,„„ 

Barrett,  Lockhart,  e.  Oct.  8, 1861,  disd,  July  11, 1862,       - 
Collins  Wm,  H,  e,  Oct.  8, 1861,  captd.  at  Shiloh  April  6, 

1862,  died  at  Macon,  Ga.,  Aug.  3, 1862  ,.  .  „  . 

Olendenen  Thfs.  e.  Oct.  23, 1861,  captd.  at  Shiloh,  died  Oct. 

2, 1862,  Annapolis,  Md, 
Crisman  Wm,  e,  Oct,  24, 1861,  captd,  at  Shiloh,  re-e.  as 

vet.  Dec.  25, 1863.  „,  „  ,^ 

Currie  John  G.  e,  Oct,  21, 1861,  captd   at  Shiloh    re-e.  as 

vet,  Dec,  26, 1863,  wd,  July  17  1864,  at  Tupelo, 
DeWolf  D,  D,  e,Sept,  19, 1861,  disd,  April26,1862 
Fishel  S,  0,  e.  Oct,  6, 1861,  re-  e,  as  vet,  Jan.  4, 1864. 

iSrioL^^rSe'pt  2MS61.  disd.  Feb.  27, 1862. 
griJ^Sh"  A^°1ep\\v■6MiedJan  11^'62  atSt  Lou... 
Light  R,  W,  e.  Sept,  28,  1861   captd,  at  Shiloh  April  6,  62, 
mSviu  D,  e.  Sept,  19, 1861,  d'sH,  June  22, 1862, 
McOonnell  A  Se,  Sept,  19, 1862  re-e,  as  vet  Dec,  25, 1863. 
McKinnU  Geo',  M,  e,  Oct,  8,  '61,  capt  at  Shiloh  Apr,  6,  '62. 


444 


WAR  KECORD  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 


Nicholas  Jas.  B.  e.  Sept.  23,  1861,  captd.  at  Shiloh  April  6, 

1862,  died  at  Macon  July  9, 1862. 
Noggles  Joseph,  e.  Oct.  8,  '61,  died  Jan.  11,  '62,  at  St.  Louis. 
Patrick  Lester,  e.  Sept.  27,1861. 

Patrick  N.  B.  e.  Sept.  28, 1861,  died  at  Millville  Jan.  19,  •62. 
Philips,  H.  e.  April  7, 1864. 
Richardson  H.  L.  e.  Sept.  26, 1861,  captd  at  Shiloh  April, 

6, 1862,  died  Macon,  Ga.,  Sept.  16, 1862. 
Bichardson  0.  B.  e.  Sept.  27, 1861,  captd,  at  Shiloh  April 

6, 1862,  died  at  Grifflo,  Ga.,  Jane  13, 1862. 
Sloan  Samuel  B.  e.  Oct.  6, 1861. 
Sloan  A.  J.  e.  Oct.  6, 1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  Feb.  29, 1864. 
Stilling'ir  C.  e.  Sept.  26, 1861,  disd.  Oct.  4,  1862. 
Slack  Wm.  J.  e.  Oct.  4, 1861,  captd.  at  Shiloh  April  «,  1862, 

died  at  Macon,  Ga.,  Oct.  2, 1862. 
Tolbert  Smith,  e.  Oct.  9, 1861,  disd.  April  26, 1862. 
■Wisegarver  Wm.  S.  Sept.  19, 1861. 
Ward  B.  A.  e.  Oct.  7, 1861,  wd.  at  Shiloh,  died  at  St,  Louis 

May  8,  1862. 
Ward  Julius,  e.  Sept.  19,  1861,  captd.  at  Shiloh  April  6, 

1862,  died  in  Montgomery,  Ala.,  April  30,  1862. 
Eipholf  Henry,  e.  Sept.  8, 1862,  died  at  Vicksburg,  May 

27,  1863, 
Henry  Philip,  e.  April  7,  1864,  wd.  and  captd.  July  14, 

18d4,  at  Tupelo,  Miss. 

Company  I. 

Wilson  Thos.  H.  e.  Oct.  14, 1861,  wd.  at  Port  Donelson, 

reb.  15, 1862,  kid.  at  battle  of  Shiloh,  April  6, 1862, 
Locke  Chas.  W.  B.  e.  March  24,  1864. 

Company  K. 

Capt.  Jno.  G.  Fowler,  com.  Nov.  25,  1861,  dishonorably 

dismissed  Oct.  11, 1864. 
Capt.  Orson  T.  Fuller,  e.  as  corpl.  Sept.  23, 1861,  prmtd. 

to  second  lieut,  March  18,  1862,  taken  prsr.  at  Shiloh, 

prmtd.  to  first  lieut.  June  13,  1863,  prmtd,  to  capt. 

Jan.  23, 1865. 
First  Lieut.  Lawrence  Webb,  com.  Nov.  25, 1861,  res. 

March  21, 1862 
First  Lieut.  James  B.  Morgan,  e.  as  private  Co.  I,  1st  Inf. 

April  23,  1861,  e.  as  first  lieut.  this  Co.  Sept.  10, 

1861,  prmtd.  to  first  lieut.  Jan.  23,  1865. 
Sergt.  S.  P.  Collins,  e.  Sept.  10,  1861,  missing  in  battle  of 

Shiloh. 
Second  Lieut.  Henry  C.  Merriman,  e.  as  corp.  Sept.  8, 

1861,  captd.  at  Shiloh  April  6, 1862,  prmtd.  to  second 
lieut.  June  13, 1863,  m.  o  Dec.  1,  1864,  term  expd. 

Sergt.  Bichard  Freeman,  e.  Sept.  6,  1861,  captd.  at  Sbiloh 

April  6, 1862. 
Sergt,  Eobert  Fowler,  e.  Sept.  10, 1861,  kid.  in    action 

July  14,  1864,  at  Tupelo. 
Corp.  W,  H,  H.  Blanchard,  e.  Sept.  23,  1861,  captd.  at 

Shiloh,  wd.  at  Tueplo,  July  14, 1864,  disd.  Jan.  26,  '65. 
Corp.  Benj.  Nash,  e.  Sept.  12, 1861,  captd.  at  Shiloh,  April 

6, 186'2,  died  at  Macon,  Ga.  Sept.  24, 1862. 
Musician  John  D,  Blancbard,  disd.  May  6, 1862. 
Musician  Ira  D.  Blanchard,  disd.  May  6, 1862. 
Wagoner  Samuel  Horn,  e.  Nov.  20, 1861. 
Blood  Geo.  W.  e.  Sept.  21, 1861,  disd.  June  25,  1862. 
Billings  A.  e.  Septs,  1861. 
Baldwin  N.  H.  c.  Sept.  11,  1861,  captd.  April  6, 1862,  at 

Shiloh,  disd.  Dec.  2, 1862,  disab. 
Blanchard  T.  E.  e.  Sept.  23,  1861,  captd.  April  6, 1862,  at 

Shiloh. 
Barden  H,  A,  e  Sept.  20, 1861,  disd.  March  13, 1862. 
Dolley  G.  e,  Sept.  23, 1861,  captd.  at  Shiloh,  April  6,  '62. 
Downer  Daniel,  e.  Sept.  12, 1861,  captd.  at  Sbiloh.  April 

(i;'18G2,  died  at  Macon,  Aug.  16, 1862. 
Ellison,  H.  e.  Nov.  20, 1861,  disd..  March  17, 1863,  disab. 
Farmer  Newton,  e  Sept.  23, 1861. 
Green  Samuel,  e.  Sept,  20,  1861,  captd.  at  Shiloh,  April  6, 

1862,  disd,  Apiil  25,  1862. 

Gallagher  Patrick,  e.  Oct.  18, 1861,  captd.  at  Shiloh,  disd. 

Feb.  13,  1863. 
Humphrey  Thomas,  e.  Sept.  14, 1861,  disd.  Aug.  8, 1862. 
Hickethur  Chas.  e.  Oct.  20, 1861,  captd.  at  Shiloh,  April  6, 

1862. 
Hickethur  Aug.  e.  Oct.  20, 1861. 
Johnson  Wm.  T.  e.  Sept,  28, 1861,  captd,  at  Shiloh,  April 

6, 1862,  died  at  Macon,  Ga.  Aug.  29, 1862. 
Kimp  Wm.  e.  Sept.  5, 1861,  captd,  at  Shiloh,  April  6, 1862, 
Keith  Wm,  B,  e.  Sept.  14,  1861,  captd.  at  Shiloh,  April  6, 

1862,  wd.  at  Tupelo,  July  14, 1864. 
Keith  Geo.  e.  Sept.  23, 1861. 
Lyons  Chis.  e.  Nov.  20, 1861,  died  March  6,  1862,  at  Fort 

Donelson, 
Mann  Edward, -e,  Sept.  10, 1861,  died  at  Hopkinton,  Iowa. 
Morgai  Wm.  B.  e.  Sept.  13,  '61,  died  at  home,  April  1,  "61. 


Maine  Isaac,  e.  Sept.  15,  1861,  captd.  at  Shiloh,  April  6i 

1862,  disd.  March  12, 1863,  disab. 
Moulton  John,  e.  Sept.  15,  1861,  died  of  wds.  received  at 

Shiloh,  April  20, 1862,  at  St.  Louis. 
Morehouse  P.  e.  Sept.  18,  1861,  captd.  at  Shiloh,  disd.  Dec 

1862,  disab. 
Merriam  Chas.  E.  e.  Sept.  9, 1861,  captd.  at  Shiloh,  wd  at 

Vicksburg,  May  22,  1863,  wd.  at  Tupelo,  July  14  '64 
Myers  J.  e.  Sept.  18, 1861,  captd.  at  Shiloh.  '     ' 

Maine  Job,  e.  Nov.  23, 1861,  died  Dec.  31,  '61,  at  St.  Louii 
Olmstead  Geo.  W.  e.  Sept.  18, 1861,  captd.  at  Shiloh,  April 

6,  1862, 
Orr  John  B.  e.  Sept.  23, 1861. 
Philips  Chas.  E.  e.  Sept.  18, 1861,  captd.  at  Shiloh,  Anril 

6,1862. 
Bobinson  Alonzo,  e.  Sept.  30,  1861,  captd.  at  Shiloh,  April 

6, 1862,  disd.  Jan.  8, 1863. 
Wilson  P.  0.  e.  Sept.  12,  1861,  captd.  at  Shiloh,  April  e 

1862,  died  at  Macon,  Ga.  Sept.  12, 1862.  ' 

Walker  Charles,  e.  Sept.  16,  1861,  died  at  St.  Louis,  Feb 

13,  1862. 
Willard  Porter,  e.  Sept.  17, 1861,  disd.  Nov.  17, 1863. 
Winch  Wm.  H.  e.  Sept.  26, 1861. 
Winch  Bobt.  C.  e.  Sept.  26,  1861,  disd.  Feb.  21, 1862. 
Willis  Willard,  e.  Sept.  17,  '61,  died  at  Cairo,  March  3,'62 
Waldorf  Henry  E.  e.  Sept.  18, 1861,  captd.  at  Shiloh,  April 

6, 1862,  disd.  April  12, 1863. 
Bugbee  Stephen,  e.  Dec.  20,  1862,  wd.  at  Tupelo,  July 

14,1864.  ' 

Hill  Granville  S,  e.  Deo.  20, 1862,  died  at  Memphis,  Juns 

24,  1863. 
Loomia  Wm.  e.  Dec.  20,  1862,  disd.  for  disability,  at  St. 

Louis,  March  11, 1863. 
Billings  Chas.  D.  e,  Jan.  27,  1864. 
Ellison  Wm.  H.  e.  Jan.  27, 1864. 

Miers  Jos,  A.  e.  Feb.  11,  '64,  disd.  for  disability,  Oct.  8,  '64. 
Eeardon  P.  A.  e.  Feb.  11, '64,  died,  for  disability,  Oct.  8, '64. 
Coleman  A.  D. 
Keller  M.  B. 
Franks  Jos. 
Beiphoff  H. 

TWENTY-FIRST  INFANTKY. 

This  regiment  was  recruited  and  organized  in  1862, 
nearly  two  hundred  men  being  furnished  from  Delaware 
County.  It  went  into  service  under  Col.  Samuel  Merrill 
(since  Governor),  Lieut.  Col.  C.  Dunlap  and  Maj.  S.  G. 
Van  Anda,  of  Delaware.  Its  iirst  engagement  was  at 
Harts"ille,  Mo.,  January  11,  1863,  where  it  was  under  a 
heavy  artillery  fire,  and  met,  without  flinching,  the  vig- 
oious  charges  of  both  rebel  infantry  and  cavalry.  At 
this  battle,  the  Union  forces  were  eommanded  by  Ool,  Mfi^ 
riU,  and  the  Twenty-first  was  under  the  command  of 
Lieut.  Col.  Diinlap.  The  supporting  regiments  were 
withdrawn  without  the  knowledge  of  Col.  Dunlap,  who, 
upon  learoing  the  fact,  extended  his  lines,  and  drove  the 
enemy  into  and  through  the  town.  His  position  was  un- 
safe, however,  and  after  nightfall  the  troops  were  with- 
drawn. 

In  this  battle,  Col.  Dunlap  was  wounded,  having  one 
of  his  fingers  shot  off,  and  the  rebel,  Col.  Porter,  of  St. 
Louis,  was  killed. 

Soon  after,  the  regiment  was  transferred  to  Gen.  Grant's 
command,  and  drew  the  first  fire  of  the  enemy  at  Port 
Gibson,  about  1  o'clock  A.  M.,  May  1, 18fi3,  and  had  six- 
teen men  wounded  iti  the  engagement.  In  his  report  of 
this  affair,  Col.  Merrill  made  honorable  mention  of  Capt. 
■Watson,  of  Company  F,  as  a  brave,  cool  and  efficient 
officer.  '  -«  ,, 

^'TTli^'YegiafentwaB  again  engaged  at  Black  Eiver  Bridee 
iMay  17, 1863,  when  they  were  exposed  to  a  perfect  hwl- 
^atorm  of  bullets,  losing  83  men  in  three  minutefl,  and  It 
'seemed  a  miracle  tliat  a  single  man  escaped  ijniigurea. 
'  Ool.  Merrill,  commanding  the  regim^nUn  the  first  part 
1  of  the  charge  with  devotion  and  braVery,  fell  fieverely 
'  wounded  while  gallantly  leading  his  regiment  againBttne 
:  enemy.  This  brilliant  charge  proved  very  destructive  to 
.  the  regiment,  but  they  captured  a  great  many  praspnei*, 
I  and  the  ofBcerB  and  men  behaved  coolly  and  bravely,  re- 
( fleeting;  great  credit  upon  thomselvea  and  their  State,  _   ^ 

Capt.  Watson  and  Capt.  Voorhees  were  both  compli- 
mented for  their  coolness  and  bravery  in  Maj.  Van 
Anda's  official  report  of  the  engagement. 

On  the  22d  of  May,  Vao  Anda  afrain  gallantly  led  the 
regiment,  in  its  bloody  charge  on  Fort  Beauregard,  in  the 
rear  of  Vicksburg,  and  captured  it,  but  was  driven  out  m 
turn.  The  reg'ment  was  formed  to  support  the  Twenty- 
second,  but  the  enemy  had  position  on  its  flank,  and  the 
Twonty-first  was  exposed  to  a  galling  fire.     The  enemy 


WAR  RECORD  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 


445 


were  protected  by  the  walls  of  the  fort,  and  the  regiment 
loBt  heavily.  About  an  hour  after  the  charge,  Lieut. 
Col,  DuDlap  came  up,  and  exposing  himself  needlessly 
over  the  intrenchments,  in  front  of  the  rebel  works,  was 
shot  in  the  forehead  and  instantly  killed. 

Vor  his  skill  and  bravery  in  this  action,  Maj.  Van 
Anda  was  promptly  promoted  to  be  Lieutenant  Colonel, 
dating  from  that  day. 

After  the  capture  of  Vickshurg,  the  regiment  was  or- 
dered to  New  Orleans;  thence  to  Texas,  where  it  passed 
the  Winter.  In  the  Spring  ol  1864,  it  was  ordered  to 
White  Kiver;  and  during  the  remainder  of  tliat  year, 
was  stationed  successively  at  St.  Charles,  Duvall's  Bluff, 
mouth  of  White  Eiver,  Memphis,  Wolf  River  and  New 
Orleans, 

March  5, 1865,  the  regiment  left  for  Dauphin  Island, 
and  passing  up  Mobile  Bay,  landed  oi  the  Peninsula  of 
Alabama,  and  were  attached  to  the  Division  of  the  Gulf, 
commanded  by  Gen.  Canby.  Twenty-one  days  were  oc- 
cupied Iq  a  march  of  sixty  miles,  up  the  peninsula.  More 
than  thirty  miles  of  corduroy  road  were  constructed  over 
the  quicksands.  The  pine  trees  were  felled,  cut  into  logs 
and  pile^three  deep.  Not  more  than  four  or  five  miles 
a  day  could  be  made  by  the  entire  army. 

On  the  morning  of  March  26,  the  Twenty-first,  having 
hat  the  advance  for  twenty-four  hours,  was  relieved  by 
the  Ninety-ninth  Illinois,  and  took  its  place  in  the  line  of 
march,  the  third  from  the  front.  Soon  the  picket  firing 
of  the  enemy  opened  upon  the  advance.  Maj.  Gen. 
Granger  immediately  dispatched  an  Adjutant  to  the  com- 
mander of  the  Twenty-first,  Col.  Van  Anda,  with  orders 
to  advance  his  regiment  to  the  front  at  once.  This  was  a 
great  compliment  to  the  gallant  regiment  from  a  brave 
General.  When  the  regiments  in  front  received  the  order 
to  open  ranks  for  the  passage  of  the  Twenty-first,  the  re- 
mark ran  along  the  line,  "  There  is  to  be  fighting  in  front, 
there  goes  the  old  Twenty-first."  About  8  o'clock  A.  M. 
four  companies  were  thrown  out  as  skirmishers,  who  kept 
up  a  continuous  fire  upon  the  retreating  enemy,  often 
aided  by  the  other  companie-i  of  the  regiment,  for  ten 
miles,  when  the  rebels  made  a  bold  stand ;  and  at  9  o'clock 
P.  M.  the  advance  of  the  regiment  drew  the  fire  of  the 
enemy  from  their  earth  works;  having  driven  a  large 
army  since  8  that  morning. 

On  account  of  the  woody  nature  of  the  country  here, 
the  regiment  lost  but  three  men  killed  and  five  wounded 
during  the  entire  day.  At  2  o'clock  A.  M.  of  the  27th, 
after  having  thrown  up  triangular  earthworks  for  pro- 
tection the  next  morning,  the  regiment  was  relieved  by 
the  Forty-seventh  Indiana,  and  Col.  Van  Anda  received 
permission  to  withdraw  to  a  piece  of  pine  timber  about 
forty  rode  distant  to  make  coffee,  but  the  men  were  too 
sleepy  and  exhausted  to  eat  or  drink,  and  laid  down  on 
their  arms.  During  the  night,  the  One  Hundreth  and 
Sixty-fifth  New  York  were  formed  in  the  line  occupied 
by  the  Twenty-first  the  day  before,  and  just  at  day-break, 
800  cavalry  dashed  upin  them  with  their  rebel  yells. 
The  New  York  regiment  was  panic-stricken,  threw  away 
their  guns  and  broke  for  the  gunboats.  The  Twenty- 
first  heard  the  yell  and  the  first  rebel  gun,  and,  in  less 
time  than  it  takes  to  tell  the  story,  were  in  line  and  drove 
the  rebel  cavalry  back  to  their  fort  like  a  whirlwind. 
The  One  Hundreth  and  Sixty-fifth  New  York  was  dis- 
graced and  put  on  fatigue  duty  unloading  boats.  The 
enemy  being  driven  into  their  works,  preparation  for  a 
seige  commenced.  Pits  were  dug  by  every  man  who 
could  get  a  spade  or  shovel.  On  the  night  of  the  28th, 
Oapt.  J.  L.  Noble,  of  Co.  H,  was  near  the  rebel  forts  with 
a  working  party,  having  stacked  half  their  arms,  when 
the  entire  front  was  attacked,  by  a  large  body  of  the 
enemy.  With  admirable  bravery  and  presence  of  mind, 
Capt.  Noble  rallied  his  men  to  their  guns  and  drove  the 
rebels  back  in  great  disorder. 

The  regiment  took  active  part  in  the  seige  until  the  30th, 
when  it  was  withdrawn  to  escort  a  supply  train  to  Gen. 
Steele.  April  2d,  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  Fort 
Blakely,  marched  five  miles  and  encamped  near  the  Bimi- 
net,  and  at  daylight  on  the  3d  took  position  in  the  rear  of 
the  fort.  During  the  operations  against  Fort  Blakely, the 
men  entered  the  rifle  pits  at  dark  on  the  evening  of  the 
7th,  and  were  under  the  most  terrific  fire  of  shells  for 
two  hours.  After  fighting  in  this  position  for  thirty-six 
hours  without  rest  or  food,  they  were  ordered  to  the  sup- 
port of  Gen.  Smith  in  a  contemplated  assanlt  upon  Span- 
ish Fort,  seven  miles  away.  On  the  march,  three  men 
out  of  the  rank  of  four  would  go  to  sleep  and  be  kept 
moving  by  the  third  in  turns.  The  fort,  the  strongest  on 
the  Bay,  surrendered  however,  before  the  regiment  could 
reach  it,  and  when  that  well  knowii  shout  of  victory  went 
up  from  around  its  walls,  these  six  hundred  weary  men 
gave  one  loud  and  long  cheer,  sank  down  in  their  tracks 


Slf.?\^^"?i^'^  morning.  The  proud  city  of  Mobile  had 
fallen,  and  the  victorious  army  of  the  Union  were  invited 
by  Its  rebel  citizens  to  come  and  occupy  it.  The  IranB- 
portauon  boats  had  arrived,  and  the  regiment  embarked 
for  the  city.  The  Bay  was  full  of  torpedoes,  but  a  rebel 
pilot  who  knew  where  they  were  was  placed  at  the  wheel 
The  Twenty-first  was  landed  on  the  shell  road  seven  miles 
below,  and  with  the  Twenty-ninth  Wisconsin  ordered  to 
occupy  and  guard  the  city.  They  led  the  advance  of  the 
victorious  army.  No  grander  sight  was  ever  witnessed  by 
a  soldier.  Union  men  and  women  who  had  long  and  pa^ 
tiently  waited  for  the  auspicious  hour  decorated  the 
heads  of  the  soldiers  with  beautiful  wreaths,  and  old 
Stars  and  Stripes  that  had  not  seen  the  light  for  years 
were  proudly  fiung  to  the  breeze.  Sergt.  Maj.  John  Du- 
bois received  special  mention  in  Col.  Van  Anda's  report  of 
the  operations  before  Fort  Blakely.  Soon  after  the  fall  of 
Mobile,  the  Twenty-first  was  sent  up  the  Red  Kiver  for  the 
purpose  of  paroling  rebel  prisoners.  Having  performed 
this  duty,  it  was  ordered  to  Baton  Rouge,  where  it  was 
mustered  out  July  15, 1865. 

[Note. — ThU  Regiment  wa$  mv^tered  out  of  service  at 
Baton  Rouge  July  15,  1865.  Qffieere  not  otherwise  accounted 
for  were  mustered  out  as  loith  the  Regiment. 

Lieut.  Col.  Salue  G.  Van  Anda,  com.  maj.  Aug,  2, 1862, 
wd.  May  22, 1863,  prmtd,  lieut.  col.  May  23, 1863. 

Chaplain  Lorenzo  Bolles,  Jr.,  e.  as  private  Aug.  28, 1862, 
com.  chaplain  Jan.  6, 1863,  res.  July  16, 1863. 

Company  C. 

Sergt.  John  Cousins,  e.  Aug.  15, 1862. 
Lambert  Wm.  H.  e.  Dec.  12, 1863. 

Company  H. 

Capt.  Jas.  M.  Watson,  com.  Aug.  23, 1862,  res.  Jan.  18,  '64. 

Capt.  Jas.  L.  Noble,  e.  as  2d  lieut.  Aug  23. 1862,  prmtd.  to 
Ist  lieut.  March  11, 1863,  prmtd.  to  capt.  Jan.  19,  '64. 

First  Lieut  Jas.  B.  Jordan,  e.  as  private  Co.  H,  Ist  Inf, 
com.  first  lieut  Aug.  23,  1862,  res.  March  11, 1863. 

First  Lieut.  Willie  E.  Brown,  e.  as  1st  sergt.  June  22, 1862, 
wd,  prmtd.  to  1st  lieut.  Jan.  19, 1864. 

Second  Lieut.  Theodore  Wetherby,  e.  as  private  June  25, 
1862,  prmtd,  to  sergt.  prmtd.  to  2d  lieut.  June  18,  '65. 

Sergt.  John  Dubois,  e.  Aug.  19, 1862. 

Sergt.  0.  H.  Malondy,  e.  Aug,  9, 1862,  disd.  March  19, 1863, 
disab. 

Sergt.  Jas.  Heath,  e.  Aug.  9, 1862,  disd.  Jan.  24, 1863,  disab. 

Sergt.  David  D.  Griffith,  e.  Aug.  9, 1862,  wd.  disd.  Feb.  22, 
1864,  disab. 

Sergt.  John  Van  Kuran,  e.  Aug.  9, 1862. 

Corp.  Walter  Moon,  e.  Aug.  8, 1862. 

Corp.  Wm.  W.  Wirtz,  e.  Aug.  11, 1862. 

Corp.  J.  D.  Gilbert,  e.  Aug.  8, 1862. 

Corp.  Daniel  Hinkle,  e.  Aug.  1, 1862. 

Corp.  Newman  S.  Preston,  e,  June  23, 1862. 

Corp.  H.  B.  Duell,  e.  July  8,  1862,  wd.  at  Black  River 
Bridge  May  17,1863,  died  May  20, 1863, 

Corp.  Iliad  Waltera,  e.  July  4,  '62,  disd.  Jan.  20,  '64,  disab. 

Corp.  H.  R.  Paul,  e.  June  27, 1862. 

Musician  A.  E.  Richmond,  e.  Aug.  13, 1862. 

Musician  A.  Goldsmith,  e.  July  13, 1862. 

Angell  Alfred,  e.  June  21, 1862,  disd.  July  20, 1863. 

Ackley  M.  e.  June  23, 1862. 

Abbott  Geo.  W.  e.  July  25, 1862. 

Allen  Wm.  G.  e.  July  21, 1862. 

Anderson  C.  C.  e.  Aug.  14,  1862,  wd.  at  Vickshurg,  died 
June  14, 1863,  at  Memphis. 

Blood  M.  D.  e.  Aug.  14, 1862. 

Barnes  L.  B.  e.  Aug.  6, 1862. 

Collins  Wm.  e.  June  23, 1862. 

Crosby  P.  S.  e.  Aug.  9, 1862,  disd.  Jan.  24, 1863,  disab. 

Coolidge  M.  e.  Aug.  9,  '62,  died  Sept.  13,  '64,  at  Memphis. 

Carlton  C.  e.  Aug.  7, 1862,  kid.  Jan.  11, 1863,  in  action  at 
Hartsville, 

Davis,  Ira,  e.  July  14, 1862. 

Fox  S,  e.  July  22,  1862. 

First  James,  e.  July  11,  1862,  disd.  Aug.  19, 1863,  subse- 
quently died  Aug.  28, 1863,  at  Keokuk. 

Gage  Marion,  e.  Aug.  2, 1862,  wd.  disd.  Jan,  24,  '64,  disab. 

Heigh  Wm,  e.  July  24, 1862, 

Hart  W.O.e,  Aug.  14,1862. 

Keller  A.  N.  e.  July  9, 1862. 

Kelley  Daniel,  e.  July  5,  '62,  died  May  5,  '63,  at  Memphis. 

Kenyon  Wm.  e,  July  5,  1862,  kid.  at  Black  River  Bndge 
May  17, 1863. 

Luckenbill  J.  e.  Aug.  6, 1862,  died  Oct.  8,  '64,  at  Memphis. 

Lett  A.  J.  e.  June  7, 1862.  ,^.      tit    ■      -n  -^ 

Miller  H.  T,  e.  Aug.  14, 1862,  trans,  to  Miss.  Manoe  Brig- 
ade Feb.  19, 1863. 


446 


WAR  RECORD  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 


Matsell  Kobt.  B.  e.  Aug.  12, 1862. 

Myers  DeWitt,  e.  Aug.  8,  1862, 

Marshall  W.  N.  e.  June  23,  1862,  wd.  at  Vicksburg  May 

22,  1863,  diBd.  Jan.  24,  1864. 
Malendy  f  has.  e.  July  24, 1862. 
McCormick  D.  e.  Aug.  9,  1862. 

Olds  Osmpr,  e.  Au?.  14,  '62,  trans,  to  ioT.  corps  M»rch  4,  '64. 
O'Kourick  M.  e.  July  22, 1862. 
Putnam  J.  W.  e.  Aug.  14,  1862,  trans,  to  Miss.  Marine 

Brigade  Feb.  19,  1863. 
Potter  G.  e.  Aug.  6, 1862,  died  on  steamer  St.  Qenevieve 

Milliken's  Bend,  March  31,  1862. 
Petro  Geo.  e.  July  21, 1862. 
Penney  Lewis,  e.  July  19, 1862 
Parker  Geo.  e.  June  25, 1862. 
Quitmire  Lew,  e.  July,19, 1862. 
Schultz,  Geo.  e.  July  19,  1862. 
Scott  0.  e.  July  21, 1862. 
Scott  Allen,  e.  July  21, 1862. 
Scott  Aristides,  e.  July  26, 1862. 
Shilling  John,  e.  Aug.  14,  1862. 
Thompson  F.  e.  June  21, 1862. 
Veasey  Samuef,  e.  June  24,  1862. 
Vosburg  M.  J.  e.  July  9, 1862. 
Watts  David,  6.  Aug.  9, 1862. 
Walter  I.  e.  July  4,  1862. 
Watts  John,  e.  July  4, 1862. 

Williams  Isaac,  e.  Aug.  9, 1862,  disd.  April  14, 1865. 
Annis  Myron,  e.  Jan.  16, 1864. 
Gilbert  L.  A.  e.  March  15, 1864. 
Lanning  Nathan,  e.  March  22, 1864. 
Orsborn  Henry,  e.  March  31, 1864. 
Scott  D.  e.  Jan.  16,  1864. 
Williams  A.  H.  e.  Feb.  22, 1864. 

Company  I. 

Second  Lieut.  Hiram  Buel,  e.  as  private  March  15, 1862, 
prmtd.  sergt.  then  2d  lieut.  March  7, 1864,  res.  Oct. 
24, 1864. 

Fuller  Daniel  E.  e.  Aug.  22, 1862,  wd.  Black  Eiver  Bridge 
May  17, 1863,  trans,  to  invalid  corps  Feb.  15, 1864. 

Fuller  F.  D.  e.  Aug.  22,  1862. 

Company  K. 

Capt.  Alexander  Voorhees,  com.  Aug.  20, 1862. 

First  Lieut.  Wm.  A.  Eoberts,  com.  Aug.  20,  1862,  wd.  at 

Vicksburg,  May  22, 1863,  died  of  wds.  at  St.  Louis 

Jan.  14, 1863. 
First  Lieut  Henry  Harger,  com.  2d  lieut.  Aug.  20, 1862, 

com.  Ist  lieut.  June  15, 1863,  res  Jan.  7, 1864. 
Firat  Lieut.  Loyd  E.  Spear,  e.  as  private  Co.  I,  1st  Inf. 

April  23,  1861,  sergt.  this  co.  July  28,  1862,  com.  2d 

lieut.  Jan.  16,  1863,  wd.  at  Vicksburg  May  22,  1863, 

com.  1st.  lieut.  Jan,  8, 1864. 
Second  Lieut.  Duncan  G.  Livingston,  e.  as  corp.  Aug.  14, 

1862,  com.  2d  lieut.  June  15,  '64,  commission  returned. 
Sergt.  Austin  E.  Cook,  e.  July  28, 1862. 
Sergt.  0.  K.  Nash,  e.  July  28, 1862. 
Sergt,  A.  B.  Hopson,  e.  July  28, 1862,  wd.  at  Black  Biver, 

Miss,,  May  17, 1863,  died  May  22,  1863. 
Sergt.  0.  K.  Miller,  e.  July  28,  1862,  disd,  Jan.  21,  1863, 

disab. 
Corp,  Wm.  H,  Jackson,  e.  July  28, 1862,  died  at  Vicksburg 

July  4, 1863. 
Corp.  Benj,  F.  Metzler,  e,  .Tuly  28, 1862. 
Corp.  Alex.  Phillips,  e.  Aug.  15,  1862. 
Corp.  Jacob  B.  Miller,  e.  Aug.  9, 1862,  wd.  at  Hartsville 

and  Black  River. 
Corp.  Leonard  Archer,  e.  Aug,  9, 1862. 
Corp.  Douglas  Slawson,  e.  Aug.  14,  1862. 
Corp.  E.  Smith,  e.  Aug,  9,  1862. 
Corp.  G,  C,  Abbey,  e,  Aug,  14, 1862. 
Musician  J.  B.  Toplitf,  e.  July  28,  1862,  died  at  Houston, 

Mo.,  Dec,  28,  1862, 
Musician  Jas.  Slawson,  e.  July  28, 1862,  disd.  June  12, 1863, 

disab. 
Wagoner  L.  S.  Stone,  e.  July  28, 1862,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 
Blear  Innis,  e.  July  28,1862,  disd.  Jan.  21, 1863,  disab, 
Brian  Thos,  e.  July  28,  1862. 
Blood  W.  W.  e.  July  28,  1862. 

Blood  Geo.  W,  e,  July  28, 1862.  disd,  Jan,  21,  1863,  disab. 
Bacon  0.  D.  e.  July  28, 1862,  died  Aug,  8,  '63,  at  Memphis. 
Beeks  James,  e.  July  28, 1862,  disd.  Jan.  21, 1863,  disab, 
Cameron  Chas,  e,  July  28, 1862. 
Dennis  J,  e.  July  28, 1862,  disd.  Jan.  21, 1863,  disab. 
Dunlap  P.  II.  e.  July  28,  1862. 
Dunlap  Thos.  e.  July  28,  1862. 
Dalrymple  John  A.  e,  July  28, 1862. 
Dunton  C,  P.  e.  July  28,  1862. 


Endfleld  Wm.  e.  July  28, 1862,  disd.  Jan.  21, 1863,  disab. 
Fear  Freeman,  e.  July  28,  1862,  died  July  16,  1863,  "at 

Memphis. 
Field  Hiram,  e.  July  28, 1862. 
Costing  Edw.  e.  July  28, 1862. 
Goldsworth  S.  e.  July  28, 1862. 
Gildersleeve  F.  e.  July  28, 1862. 
Guthrie  Thos.  H.  e.  July  28,  1862 
Guthrie  T.  L.  e  July  28, 1862,  disl.  Jan.  12, 1863,  disab 
Green  John  A.  e.  July  28,  1862,  wd.  Dec.  27, 1864. 
Guiles  Henry,  e.  July  28, 1862. 
Grapes  Samuel,  e,  July  28,  1862, 
Gale  Wm.  e.  July  28, 1862,  disd.  Jan.  12, 1863,  disab 
Harmon  M.  W.  e.  Jan.  28,  1862. 
Hiner  Wm.  e.  Jan.  28, 1862,  wd.  May  22,  1862,  at  Vicki- 

burg. 
Hiner  David,  e,  July  28,  1862,  wd. 
Hiner  Henry,  e.  July  28, 1862,  wd.  at  Black  River  Brldee 

May  17, 1863,  disd.  June  19, 1864,  wds. 
Hefner  H.  e.  July  28, 1862,  kid.  at  bat.  of  Hartsville  June 

11,  1863. 
Himmel  C.  M.  e.  July  28, 1862,  died  at  New  Orleans  Jiins 

2, 1865. 
Harbaok  C.  B.  e.  July  28, 1862,  wd. 
Horton  A.  F.  e.  July  28, 1862,  wd.  at  Vicksburg  May  22 

1863,  died  May  31, 1863.  ' 

Haslam  Wm.  e.  July  28, 1862,  kid.  at  bat.  of  Black  Elver 

Bridge  May  17, 1863. 
Hefner  F.  M.  e.  July  28, 1862,  kid.  at  bat.  of  ViokslmrB 

May  22, 1863, 
Jackson  Jas.  e.  July  28, 1862. 

Kahmer  E.  e.  July  28, 1862,  disd.  May  21, 1864,  disab. 
Loveless  David,  e,  July  28,  1862,  trans,  to  invalid  corni 

Feb.  29,  1864. 
Loveless  Lucius,  e.  July  28, 1862 . 
Lees  John,  e.  Feb.  28,  1862. 
Lukesinger  Adam,  wd.  Jan.  11, 1863,  at  Hartsville,  Mo, 

disd.  March  16,  1863. 
Merrick  Keese,  e.  July  28, 1862,  wd.  at  Black  River  Bride 

died  May  22, 1863. 
McCutoheon  Wm.  A.  e.  July  28, 1862, 
McCartney  Jas,  e.  July  28,  1862,  wd.  at  Vicksburg  May 

22,  1863. 
Myres  Edwin,  e.  July  28, 1862,  wd.  at  Black  Eiver  Bridge, 

died  May  29, 1S63. 
Murry  John,  e.  July  S8, 18fia,  disd.  May  23,  1863,  diaab, 
Nolan  John,  e.  July  28, 1868. 
Olmstead  Wm.  e.  July  28,  1862. 

O'Brian  Walter  M,  e,  July  28,  1862,  missing  May  15,  '63, 
Paul  Henry,  e,  July  28. 1862. 
Poor  Joi.  6.  July  28,  1862. 
Pitcher  Bobt.  e.  Julv  28,  1862,  died  at  Benton  Barrackl 

Aug.  12,  1863. 
Preston  Wnj.  e.  July  28, 1862,  trans,  to  invalid  corps  Nov. 

20,  1863. 
Robinson  I,  e,  July  28,  1862,  died  March  26, 1863,  at  St, 

Louis. 
Ricker  John,  e.  July  28, 1862,  died  at  New  Orleans. 
Butter  A.  e.  July  28,  1862. 
Eeid  J.  H.  e.  July  28, 1862. 
Robins  A,  e.  July  28, 1862. 
Risher  Eobt.  e.  July  28, 1862. 
Simous  Thos.  e.  July  28, 1862. 

Simons  Geo,  e,  July  28,  1862,  trans,  to  V.  E.  C.  Feb,  29,  '04. 
Sullivan  John,  e,  July  28, 1862. 
Stone  H,  B.  e.  July  28, 1862,  wd.  Jan.  11, 1863,  at  HartJ- 

ville,  disd.  June  18,  1863,  disab. 
Smith  John,  e.  July  28, 1862,  died  at  New  Orleans  Juao 

19,  1864. 
Sathern  L.  W.  e.  July  28, 1862. 
Talmadge  Edgar,  e,  July  28, 1862,  died  at  Memphis  June 

14,  1863. 
Voorhees  C,  0.  e.  July  28,  1862,  captd.  Feb.  22, 1864,  at 

Indtanola,  Tex. 
Van  Aiilhwerp  J.  e.  July  28,  1862. 
White  Ward,  e.  July  28, 1862,  wd.  Jan,  U,  1863,  at  Harts- 
ville, disd,  April  21, 1863,  disab. 
Williams  John,  e.  July  28, 1862,  died  July  16, 1863,  at  St. 

Louis. 
Wilson  Allen,  e.  July  28, 1862. 
Dunlap  Ephraira,  e.  Feb.  22,1864. 
Edgington  M  S,  e.  Oct.  5, 1864, 
Green  Newton,  6.  Feb.  26,  1864. 
Green  Wm,  e.  Feb.  26, 1864. 
Houston  J.  N.  e.  Feb.  26, 1864. 
Hamlin  Philander,  e.  Feb.  13, 1864. 
Karch  Michael,  e.  Oct.  3, 1864, 
Poter  Henry  G,  e.  Mai'ch  26,  1864, 
Robinson  Henry,  e.  March  8, 1864. 
Strack,  K,  B.  e.  Feb.  26,  1864. 
Crosier  Cassius  M.  e.  Jan.  4, 1864. 


WAR  RECORD  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 


447 


Smith  M.  A.  e.  Jan.  i,  1864,  died  Not.  30,  '64,  at  Memphis 
Lambert  W.  H.  e.  Deo.  12, 1863. 

COMPANY  UNKNOWN. 

Carter  Jno.  M.  e.  Feb.  16, 1864. 
Carter  Peter,  e.  March  15, 1864. 
Dayis  M.  V.  e.  Feb.  18,1864. 
Pielda  D.  C.  e.  Feb.  18, 1864. 
Fagan  Michael,  e.  Sept.  10, 1864. 
Gilbert  Jno.  A.  e.  Aug.  20, 1864. 
Haight  A.  6.  Feb.  IT,  1864. 
Hinkle  Abner,  e.  Feb.  11, 1864. 
Iversou  I.  e.  Feb.  19,  1864. 
Jones  0.  S.  e.  Feb.  29, 1864. 
Knickerbocker  A.  e.  Feb.  19, 1864. 
Stow  H.  e.  Feb.  19, 1864. 
Snell  Jno.  W.  e.  Feb.  26, 1864. 
Thompson  Wm.  e.  Feb.  12, 1864. 
White  Benj.  F.  e.  Feb.  28, 1864. 
White  Ward,  e.  Feb.  18, 1864. 

TWENTY-SEVENTH   INFANTRY. 

Company  F,  Twenty-Seventh  Regiment,  was  formed  at 
Greeley  in  1862,  from  men  enlisted  in  Coffin's  Grove,  Man- 
chester and  Greeley.  The  people  of  Greeley  gave  the 
men  a  bountiful  dinner  and  presented  the  company  with 
a  flag  on  the  day  they  met  and  chose  their  officers.  The 
regiment  went  into  camp  for  drill  at  Dubuque,  but  was 
sent  to  Minnesota  in  October  bf  that  year  to  act  as  escoit 
to  the  officers  paying  the  friendly  Indians  in  that  State. 
The  command  was  then  ordered  to  Cairo,  and  thence  to 
Memphis.  The  regiment  was  moved,  under  Sherman,  in 
the  demonstration  against  the  rebels  at  the  Tallahatchie. 
December  21st,  six  companies  of  the  regiment  moved  into 
Holly  Springs,  just  vacated  by  Van  Dorn.  In  January, 
1863,  the  regiment  took  part  in  the  engagement  at  Lex- 
ington, Tenn.,  where  Forrest  was  badly  trounced.  In 
August,  the  regiment  was  sent  to  Arkansas,  and  Assisted 
in  the  capture  of  Little  Rock.  It  remained  at  that  place 
till  November,  when  it  returned  to  Memphis. 

The  following  extract  from  a  letter  published  in  the 
Helaware  County  Union  of  April  1,  1864,  from  Lieut.  W. 
N.  Boynton,  of  the  Twenty-seventh  Iowa  Infantry,  dated 
Vickaburg,  March  10,  will  give  some  idea  of  the  services 
performed  by  that  regiment : 

"We  have  just  returned  from  one  of  the  biggest 
marches  ever  made  by  infantry  during  this  war,  having 
marched  entirely  across  the  State  of  Mississippi  and  back 
again,  a  distance  of  475  miles;  and  this,  too,  without  find- 
ing any  force  of  the  enemy  worth  mentioning.  We  left 
Vicksburg  on  the  3d  of  February  and  returned  on  the  6th 
of  March,  having  had  some  of  the  prettiest  weather  over 
known  at  this  time  of  the  year.  It  only  rained  a  part  of 
two  days  during  the  entire  time.  We  destroyed  fifty-five 
miles  of  railroad,  burned  nine  towns,  viz.:  Jackson  (the 
remnant),  Morton,  Brandon,  Hillsboro,  Dfcatur,  Merid- 
ian, Enterprise  (by  the  7th  Army  (Jorpe),  Marion,  Marion 
Station  and  a  little  town  called  Union.  All  of  these  were 
most  effectually  cleaned  out.  We  also  burned  eighteen 
railroad  bridges,  twenty-two  water  tanks  and  seven  rail- 
road depots,  cotton  and  cotton  gins  too  numerous  to  men- 
tion. Dwelling  houses  also  caught  a  foretaste  of  the 
future.  In  fact,  complete  devastation  and  desolation  fol- 
lowed us  everywhere.  Never  have  I  had  better  reasons 
for  thanking  my  'lucky  star'  that  war  was  not  in  the 
'land  of  my  home,*  than  on  this  occasion.  Well  may 
the  people  of  the  North  thank  God,  or  '  Grant's  big  guns, 
with  fighting  boys  to  man  them,*  that  war  is  not  at  their 
doors.'* 

March  10, 1864,  the  regiment  started  from  Vicksburg 
on  the  Red  River  expedition,  and  four  days  after  assisted 
in  the  capture  of  Fort  DeRusFey.  Col.  Woods  says  the 
regiment  moved  too  rapidly  for  a  long  charge,  but  all  the 
time  under  good  control.  The  boys  mounted  the  parapet 
and  fired  on  the  rebels,  who  immediately  raised  the  white 
flag  and  surrendered.  The  regiment  reached  Grand 
Ecore,  La.,  April  4,  and  on  the  9th  was  in  the  engagement 
at  Pleasant  Hill.  Cavalry  charged  upon  the  position  occu- 
pied by  the  Twenty-seventh,  resulting  in  the  annihilation 
of  the  attacking  force.  Later  in  the  day,  the  regiment 
was  under  a  heavy  fire  for  two  hours,  and  came  near 
being  captured,  owing  to  the  other  forces  near  by  having 
withdrawn.  When  the  order  came  to  retreat,  the  regi- 
ment was  being  pressed  bard  on  the  flanks,  but  after  a 
sharp  struggle,  marched  off  in  line,  and  in  good  order. 
Capt.  Holbrook,  of  Company  F,  received  special  mention 
for  his  bravery  in  this  action.  After  being  severely 
wounded,  he  continued  at  the  head  of  his  company  until 
a  second  wound  compelled  him  to  seek  a  Surgeon's  care.   [ 


The  next  day,  Gen.  Banks  ordered  a  retreat  and  im  to 
May  19  the  Twenty-seventh  heard  theroar  of  mmerv 
almost  daily.    May  18,  the  regiment  touk  part  in  theba? 

In7lJ't"°''^^^"^'^^^^'=^  '*  l°«t  three  men  kiUed 
and  fourteen  wounded.  The  regiment  marched  to  Mem. 
phis,  and  on  the  6th  of  June  assisted  in  driving  the 
enemy  off  the  field  at  Ditch  Bayou,  Ark.  July  U  and  15 
the  command  took  an  honorable  part  in  the  battles  of 
Tupelo  and  Old  Town  Creek.  The  regiment  wa^  in  the 
heavy  fighting  near  Nashville,  December  15,  and  on  the 
following  day  the  command  made  a  brilliant  charge  on 
the  works  at  Mountain  Heights,  driving  the  rebels  fut  of 
their  intrenchments  and  into  the  woods 

April  9,  1865,  the  Twenty-sevpnth  was  in  the  charHnff 
forces  that  captured  Fort  Blakely,  Ala.  Thence  the  reg- 
iment marched  to  Montgomery,  and  was  present  at  its 
surrender  July  15,  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  Mem- 
pBis,  and  thence  to  Clinton,  where  it  was  mustered  out 
During  Its  term  of  service,  this  regiment  marched  over 
three  thousand  miles,  and  traveled  by  rail  and  steamboat 
over  ten  thousand  miles.  As  can  be  seen  above,  its  record 
IS  a  proud  one,  and  it  is  a  matter  of  congratulation  that 
tbe  men  of  Company  F,  who  escaped  the  perils  of  the  bat- 
tles they  were  engaged  in,  are  in  our  midst,  useful  and 
honored  citizens. 

[Note.— TAis  regiment  was  mustered  out  of  service  at 
Clinton  Aug.  8,  1865.  Officers  not  othenoiee  accounted  for 
were  mustered  vut  as  with  regiment. 

Asst.  Surg.  Albert  Boomer,  com.  Sept.  16, 1862  res  Auir 
22, 1864.  '^' 

Marsh  Ed.  L.  e.  Jan.  23, 1864. 

Company  E. 

Hanna  H.  D.  e.  Feb.  26, 18fi4. 
Capt.  F.  W.  Coolridge,  e.  Feb.  25, 1863. 
Capt.  Joseph  F.  Eldridge,  e.  Feb.  25, 1863. 
Capt.  Luther  Koltenback,  e.  Feb.  25,  1863. 
Capt.  Henry  M.  Preston,  Feb.  29, 1864. 

Company  F. 

Capt  Wm.  W.  Bickford,  com  Oct  3,1862,  res.  Apr.  9,1 863* 
Capt.  Jos.  M.  Holbrook,  com.  1st  lieut.  Oct.    3,   1862, 

promtd.  capt.  Apr.  27, 1863,  wd.  at  battle  Pleasant 

Hill. 
First  Lieut.  Wm.  N.  Boynton,  com.  2d  lieut.  Oct.  3, 1862, 

promtd.  1st  lieut.  April  27, 1863. 
Sec.  Lieut.  Jacob  S.  Eisenhart,  e.  as  sergt.  Aug.  8,  1862, 

com.  2d  lieut.  April  27, 1863. 
Sergt.  Wm.  Williams,  e.  Aug.  11, 1862. 
Sergt.  Chas.  S.  Taylor,  e.  Aug.  14, 1862. 
Sergt.  Chas.  D.  Skinner,  e.  Aug.  11,  1862,  disd.  Nov.  24, 

1862. 
Sergt.  F.  M.  Gray,  e.  Aug.  15, 1862,  disd.  April  6, 1863. 
Corp.  Howard  Lathrop,  e.  Aug.  15,  1862. 
Corp.  John   B.  Minkler,  e.  Aug.  11, 1862,  trans,  to  invalid 

corps  Sept.  3U,  1863. 
Corp.  Wm.  J.  Millett,  e.  Aug.  15, 1862. 
Corp.  A.  D.  Hubbell,  e.  Aug.  15,  1862. 
Corp.  C.  0.  Torrey,  e.  Aug.  15, 1862,  wd.  Apri  19,  1864,  at 

Pleasant  Hill,  La. 
Corp.  Gpo.  W.  Cromwell,  e.  Aug.  11, 1862,  captd.  died  Aug. 

2, 1864,  at  Andersonville. 
Corp.  Jas.  W.  Kingery,  e.  Aug,  12, 1862. 
Musician  John  McKinnis,  e.  Aug.  14,1862. 
Musician  Wm.  G.  McLaine,  e.  Aug.  12, 1862. 
Musician  E.  Martindale,  e.  Aug.  12, 1862. 
Wagoner  R.  B.  Wilson,  e.  Aug.  14, 1862. 
Arnold  Geo.  P.  e.  Aug.  11, 1862,  died  at  Little  Rock  Sept. 

23,  1863. 
AbbyG.  e.  Aug.l3,  1862. 

Barnes  Seymour,  e.Ailg.  13, 1862,  disd.  March  14, 1865. 
Bower  B.  F.  e.  Aug.  11, 1862,  disd.  Feb.  19, 1863. 
Burhus  H.  C.  e.  Aug.  11, 1862,  died  at  Dubuque,  la.,  Nov, 

1,  1862. 
Barr  Chas.  «.  Aug.  14,  1862,  died  Nov.  10,  1863,  at  St. 

Louis. 
Bernard  H.  K.  e.  Aug.  15, 1862. 
Brown  A.  J.  e.  Aug.  11, 1862,  disd.  May  13, 1863. 
Calvin  Harmon,  e.   Aug.  11, 1862,  captd.  April  9, 1864,  at 

Pleasant  Hill,  La. 
Clark  C.  E.  e.  Aug.  12, 1862,  disd.  June  20, 1865,  disab. 
Clark  Wm.  H.  e.  Aug.  14, 1862,  wd.  July  15,  1864. 
Combz  A.  J.  e.  Aug.  15, 1862,  disd. 
Correll  H.  A.  e.  Aug.  15, 1862. 
Orozier  Geo.  e.  Aug.  11, 1862. 
Cole  Edwin,  e.  Aug.  14, 1862. 

Oolson   D.  G.  6.  Aug.  12,  1862,  died  March  23,  1863,  at 
Jackson,  Tenn. 


448 


WAR  RECORD  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 


Coats  Jo3.  6.  Aug.  12, 1862,  disd.  April  2, 1863. 

Bood  N.  H,  e.  Aug.  15,1862. 

Duncan  Harvey,  e.  Aug.  15,  1862,  disd.  Jan.  10, 1863. 

Duglaa  H.  E.  e.  Aug.  15, 1862,  died  Deo.  22, 1862,  at  T«l- 

lahatcliie.  Miss. 
German  H.  B.  e.  Aug.  14,  1862. 
Henry  Jas.  W.  e.  Aug.  15, 1862,  diad.  April  23, 1863. 
Hobart  N.  L.  e.  Aug.  16, 1862. 
Hill  Francia,  e.  Aug.  15, 1862. 
Horn  Wm.  M.  e.  Aug.  14,  1862,  wd.  and  captd.  April  9, 

1864,  disd.  June  20, 1865. 
Jones  Chas.  e.  Aug.  14, 1862,  disd.  April  7, 1863. 
Jones  Wm.  D.  e.  Aug.  15, 1862,  died  March  22,  1864. 
Kinyon  Bradford,  e.  Aug.  12, 1862,  diad.  May  13, 1863. 
Knee  Jas.  e.  Aug.  14, 1862. 
King  Lewis,  e.  Aug.  16, 1862. 
Lathrop  Geo.  B.  e.  Aug.  12, 1862. 
Lelacheur  Jno.  H.  e.  Aug.  16,  1862,  wd.  April  9,  1864, 

drowned  Sept.  10, 1864,  at  Cairo. 
Lewis  KoUin,  e.  Aug.  14,  1862,  wd.  April  9,  1864,  disd. 

March  23, 186B. 
MuUvany  Wm.  J.  e.  Aug.  15,  1862,  wd.  April  9,  1804,  at 

Pleasant  Hill. 
Moore  Jno.  B.  e.  Aug.  11, 1862. 

Mansfield  Jno.G.  6.  Aug.  13, 1862,  disd.  Not.  7,  1862. 
Minkler  Ewd.  A.  e.  Aug.  11, 1862,  wd.  and  captd.  April  9, 

1864,  "at  Pleasant  Hill,  died  Nov.  20, 1864,  at  Cairo. 
Minkler  Geo.  e.  Aug.  12, 1862,  disd.  April  4, 1863. 
Minkler  C.  V.  e.  Aug.  14, 1862,  disd.  June  20, 1865. 
Morris  A.  e.  Aug.  12,  1862. 
Morris  P.  e.  Aug.  11, 1862. 
Morse  Alpheus,  e.  Aug.  12,  1862,  wd.  May  18, 1864,  at 

Tellow  Bayou,  La.,  disd.  May  16, 1865. 
Montgomery  Wm.  e.  Aug.  14, 1862,  died  Jan.  26, 1864,  at 

Centralia,  111. 
Malugin  A.  W.  e.  Aug.  14, 1862,  disd.  Jan.  20, 1866. 
Moore  H.  H.  p.  Aug,  14, 1862,  disd.  Jan.  6, 1863. 
Nelson  Chas.  e.  Aug.  12, 1862. 

Nute  Jqo.  e.  Aug.  12, 1862,  died  March  9, 1863,  at  Jackson. 
Perry  H.  W.  e.  Aug.  14, 1862,  wd.  April  9, 1864.  at  Pleas- 
ant Hill. 
Paxton  S.  A.  e.  Aug.  15, 1862,  died  Not.  1, 1862. 
Peers  Ourtis  C.  e.  Aug.  13, 1862,  wd.  and  captd.  April  9, 

1864,  at  Pleasant  Hill. 
Putnam  0.  e.  Aug.  14, 1862,  captd.  Feb.  22, 1864,  at  Union, 

Miss.,  died  at  Andersonville,  Sept.  20, 1864. 
EardlnSaml,  e.  Aug.  15,  1862,  disd.  June  21, 1865. 
Kobertson  M.  H.  e.  Aug.  14, 1862,  died  Jan.  29, 1863,  at 

Jackson. 
Rolf  Ewd.  e.  Aug.  15, 1862. 
Roe  D.  E.  e.  Aug.  11,  1862,  trans,  to  inv.  corns  June  1, 

1864. 
Rulon  H.  e.  Aug.  14, 1862,  disd.  Feb.  19,1863. 
Shilling  F.  e.  Aug.  15, 1862. 
Sherman  D.  e.  Aug.  13, 1862,  disd.  March  18, 1863. 
Sargeant  Van  B.  W.  e.  Aug.  15, 1862,  wd.  May  16, 1864,  at 

Yellow  Bayou. 
Smith  Jno.  K.  e.  Aug.  15, 1862,  disd  June  10.1863. 
Stevens  D.  D.  e.  Aug.  14, 1862,  drowned  June  16, 1863,  at 

St.  Louis. 
Shnrman  E.  e.  Aug.  11, 1863. 
ScarbroughM.  H.  e.  Aug.  14,  1862,  wd.  at  Pleasant  Hill 

and  Tupelo,  died  Feb.  27, 1866,  in  Misi. 
Smith  Geo.  W.  e.  Aug.  14,  1862. 
Talcott  L.  C.  e.  Aug.  14, 1862. 
Tripp  A.  W,  e.  Aug.  14, 1862,  disd.  June  6, 1863. 
Tripp  0.  P.  e.  Aug.  13,  1862,  wd.  at  Tupelo  and  Nash- 
ville. 
Utley  Chas.  L.  Aug.  13, 1862,  wd.  April  9, 1864,  at  Pleas- 
ant Hill. 
Whitson  Wm.  e.  Aug.  13,  1862. 
Wilcox  F.  N.  e.  Aug.  14, 1862,  died  June  8,  1863. 
Walker  Daniel,  e.  Aug.  15,  1862,  wd.  July  14, 1864,  at 

Tupelo. 
Waters  Thomas,  e.  Aug.  15,'1862,  disd.  June  24, 1865. 
Welsh  Jas.  e.  Aug.  16, 1862,  wd.  April  9, 1864,  at  Pleasant 

Hill. 
Barrett,  Jos.  L.  e.  Doc.  22, 1863,  disd.  April  14,  1865. 
Gnce  A.  J.  e.  Dec.  23, 1863. 
Hoag  Ezra,  e.  Jan.  6,  1864,  died  June  5,  1864,  on  stmr. 

Diadem. 
Lukens,  Jos.  e.  Dec.  22, 1863. 
Crocker  Benj.  P.  e.  Jan.  28, 1864. 
Clark  Judson.  e.  Jan.  16, 1864. 
Freeman  B.  J.  o.  Jan.  15, 1864. 
Smith  T.J.  e.  Fob.  1, 1863. 
Thompson  F.  A.  e.  Feb.  1,  1864,  died  June  23, 1864,  at 

Memphis. 

Company  H. 

Hammond  Newton,  e.  Aug.  22, 1862,  diad.  July  15, 186.1. 


FORTY-FOURTH  INFANTRY. 

(100  days.) 

This  regiment  was  recruited  as  a  100-day  regiment' 
and  went  into  camp  at  DaTenport  early  in  the  Spring  of 
1864.  It  did  guard  and  garrison  duty  at  Memphis  and 
La  Grange,  Tenn.,  during  the  Summer,  and,  on  expira- 
tion of  the  term  of  service,  returned  to  Davenport,  where 
the  men  were  mustered  out.  The  history  of  the  regi- 
ment is  uneventful. 

[Note. — Thia  regiment  was  mustered  out  at  Davstiporl, 

Sept.  15,  meu.'] 

Company  A. 

Bunn  Jacob,  o.  May  12, 1864. 

Company  C. 

Second  Lieut  James  Spence,  e.  aa  sergt.,  prmtd.  to  ses- 

ond  lieut.  July  10, 1864. 
Sergt.  Wm.  B.  Morgan,  e.  aa  corpl.  April  30, 1864,  prmtd. 

to  sergt. 
Corpl.  Edmond  P.  Weatherby,  e.  April  30, 1864. 
Corpl.  ThoB.  J.  Edgington,  a.  April  30, 1864. 
Corpl.  Robt.  B.  Marshall,  e.  April  30, 1864. 
Musician  John  E.  Davis,  e.  May  1, 1864. 
Dunn  Jerome,  e.  May  14, 1864. 
Laughlin,  Jas.  C.  e.  April  30,  1864. 
McCutchcon  Jas.  H.  e.  May  12, 1864. 
Smith  Ed.  M.  e.  April  30, 1864. 
Smith  Jas.  A.  e.  April  30,  1864. 
Streeper  Wm.  T.  e.  May  14, 1864. 
Whitaker,  Wm.  K.  e.  April  30, 1864. 
Woods  Benwick,  e.  May  7, 1864. 

Company  E. 

Sergt.  C.  T.  Peet,  e.  aa  private  May  1,  '64,  prmtd.  to  sergt. 
Baldwin  Frank,  e.  May  12, 1864. 
Lynes,  A.  J.  e.  May  18,  1864. 
Myera  Jaa.  H.  e.  May  18, 1864. 
Peet  Robert,  e.  May  6, 1864. 

FORTY-SIXTH   INFANTRY. 

This  was  also  a  100-day  regiment.  It  went  into  service 
at  Davenport,  Jnne  10,  1864,  and  was  forwarded  to  Cairo 
and  thence  to  Memphie,  arriving  at  the  latter  place  June 
20.  June  27,  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  Gamp  Look- 
out, near  Colliersville,  Tenn.,  where  the  men  did  heavy 
duty,  being  on  picket  alteraate  days  for  about  two 
months.  The  only  brush  with  the  enemy  occurred  at 
that  place  in  August.  A  squad  of  guerrillas  captured  two 
pickets,  and  a  detachment  was  sent  out  to  rescue  them, 
if  possible.  In  the  skirmish  that  followed,  four  of  our 
men  were  wounded.  September  1,  the  Forty-sixth  re- 
turned to  Memphis,  and  on  the  10th  of  the  same  month 
started  homeward,  reaching  Davenport  on  the  16th.  The 
regiment  was  mustered  out  and  paid  off  on  the  23d. 

[NiiTE. — This  regiment  was  mmtered  out  at  Davmpcrl, 
Sept.  SS,  186lt.'\ 

Prhi.  musician,  Buel  G.  Dunham,  c.  May  19,  1864  from 
Co.  F. 

Company  A. 

Carter  Jas.  E.  e.  May  18, 1864. 
Shafer  Oliver,  e.  May  9, 1864. 
Shaffer  Ensign,  e.  May  20, 1864. 

Company  F. 

Capt.  James  Hawkins,  com.  June  10, 1864. 

Second  Lieut.  John  F.  Merry,  com.  June  10, 1864. 

Sergt.  Cyrus  Craig,  e.  May  18, 1864. 

Sergt.  Henry  Stroud,  e.  May  20, 1864. 

Corpl.  David  Witter,  e.  May  18, 1864. 

Corpl.  Jas.  W.  Wright,  e.  May  17, 1864. 

Corpl.  John  W.  Cattron,  e.  May  18. 1864. 

Musician  M.  P.  Towslee,  e.  May  18',  1864. 

Wagoner  Clark  Towslee,  e.  May  16, 1864. 

Boylan  Thos.  J,  e.  May  18, 1864. 

Babcock  W.  G.  e.  May  18, 1864. 

Blatt  John,  e.  May  20, 1864. 

Box  M.  Van  Buren,  e.  May  30, 1864. 

BesBt  Solomon,  e.  May  30,  1864. 

Cummings  Chas.  W.  e.  May  30, 1864. 

Conner  Thos.  J.  e.  May  18, 1864. 

Craig  Wm.,  e.  May  18, 1864. 

Dunham  B.  G.  e.  May  18. 1864,  prmtd,  to  prin.  muBicl&n. 

Davis  A.  B.  e.  May  18, 1864,  died  in  September,  1864. 


WAR  RECORD  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 


449 


Felter  John  W.  e.  May  18, 1864. 
Fowler  Edward,  e.  May  18,  1864. 

Flanders  0.  B.  e.  May  18,  1864,  died  at  Je&enon  Bar- 
racks, Mo.  Sept.  20, 1864. 
Fox  Henry  C.  e.  May  18, 1864. 
Fairchild  Caleb,  e.  May  20, 1864. 
Guinn  John  S.  e.  May  18, 1864. 
Ooodmati  Henry,  e.  May  30, 1864. 
Gilbert  Chas.  H,  6.  May  18, 1864. 
Hyde  Samuel,  e.  May  18,  1864. 
Knee  David,  e.  May  IS,  1864. 
LiTingstine  Kli,  e.  May  20, 1864. 
Maxwell  Henry,  e.  May  30, 1864. 
Odell  Gabriel,  e.  May  18,  1864. 
Bobinsun  Jas.  M.  e.  May  18, 1864. 
Kea  Goo.  W.  e.  May  18, 1864. 
Kodobaw  Jonathan,  e.  May  18, 1864. 
Slathery  Michael,  e.  May  18, 1864. 
Sims  Thos.  L.  e.  May  18, 1864. 
Smith  Albert,  e.  May  18,  1864. 
Smith  Robert,  e.  May  18, 1864. 
Tompkins  Wm.  e.  May  18, 1864. 
Trowbridge,  e.  May  18, 1864. 
Veaey  Albert,  e.  May  7, 1864. 
Wheeler  Jas.  A.  e.  May  18, 1864. 

MISCELLANEOUS  INFANTRY. 
Second  Vet.  Infantry. 

First  Serg.  John  H.  Earle,  e.  June  8, 1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan. 

4, 1864,  m.  o.  July  12, 1865. 
Sergt.  Nelson  E.  Winn,  e.  June  8, 1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  4, 

1864,  m.  o.  July  12,  1865. 
Keidle  Frederick,  e.  June  8,  1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  4, 1864, 

m.  0.  July  12,  1865. 
Messer  G.  e.  June  8, 1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  4, 1864,  m.  u. 

July  12,  1865. 
Sanlord  George,  e.  June  8, 1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  4,  1864, 

m.  0.  July  12, 1865. 

Fourteenth  Infantry  Battalion. 

Murray  Jas.  L.  e.  Dec.  9,  1863,  trans,  from  Co.  H,  m.  o 

Nov.  16, 1864. 
Bergt.  Myron  L.  Eoberts,  e.  Nov.  3, 1862,  m.  o.  Nov.  16,  '64. 
Corp.  Marcellus  Whitcomb,  e.  Apr.  15,  '63,  m.o.  Nov.  16,'64. 

Sixteenth  Infantry. 

Cnstar  Columbus,  e.  April  25,  1864,  wd.  at  Atlanta,  Ga, 

July  21,  disd.  April  3, 1865. 
Corp.  James  M.  Lee,  e.  Jan.  2, 1862,  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1, '64, 

m.  o.  July  19, 1864. 
Coltenbangh  M  e.  Jan.  1, 1862,  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1,  1864, 

wd.  Oct.  3, 1862,  m.  o.  July  19, 1864. 
Calhoun  H.  e.  Jan.  12, 1862,  died  March  1, 1862. 
Carter  John,  e.  Feb.  28, 1862,  m.  o.  July  19, 1864. 
Kane  John  A.  e.  Jan.  3, 1862,  m.  o.  July  19, 1864. 
Kaster  R.  e.  March  6,  1862,  wd.  April,  6, 1862,  at  Shiloh, 

disd.  Sept.  1862. 
Lanning  E.  e.  March  6,  1862,  re-e.  as  vet.  March  6,  1864, 

wd.  July  21,  1864,  oaptd.  July  22, 1864,  at  Atlanta,  m. 

o.  July  19.  1864. 
Meshcr  J.  e.  Jan.  6, 1864. 
Wilson  Thos.  e.  March  5, 1862,  m.  o.  July  19,  1864. 

Seventeenth  Infantry. 

Davis  Leander,  e.  March  15, 1862,  re-e.  as  vet.  March  20, 
1864,  captd.  Oct.  13  at  Tilton,  Ga.,  m.  o.  July  25, 1865. 

Thirty-first  Infantry. 

Cane  Thomas,  e.  Aug.  20, 1862,  m.  o.  June  27, 1865. 
Kortright  R.  F.  e.  Aug.  21, 1862,  trans,  to  inv.  corps  May 

1, 1864,  m.  0.  June  27,  1865. 
Mathew  John  H.  e.  Aug.  14,  1862,  wd.  m.  o.  June  27, 1865. 

Th,irty-seoond   Infantry. 

Surg.  Philander  Byam,  com.  aaat.  surg.  April  3,1863,  com. 
surg.  Jan.  15,  18C5,  m.  o.  Aug.  24, 1865. 

Thirty-Sixth  Infantry  (Cray  Beards). 

Asst,  Surg.  Geo.  S.  Dewitt,  com.  Jan.  2,  '63,  res.  Feb.  17,'63 

Thirty-seventh    Infantry. 

Pinney  J.  li.  e.  Dec.  26, 1862,  died  Feb.  18, 1864,  at  Rock 
Island 


Forty-eighth  Infantry. 

Corp.  Thomas  L.  Guthrie,  e.  as  private  May  10,  '64  prmtd 

to  Corp.  m.  o.  Oct.  21, 1864. 
Blanch  Chas.  H.  e.  May  14, 1864,  m.  o.  Oct.  21, 1864. 

First  Infantry,  A.  D.  (60th  U.  S. 
Vols.,  A.  D.) 

First  Lieut.  Wm.  H.  Williams,  com.  2d  lieut.  Co.  A  Oct.  11 
1863,  prmtd.  to  Ist  lieut.  this  Co.  Sept.  19,  1864  m  o' 
Oct.  16, 1865.  .      •     ■ 

First  Iowa  Infantry  (African  descent). 

Second  Lieut.  Wm.  H.  Williams,  com.  March  1, 1862  m' 
o.  Aug.  25,  1861. 

One  Hundred  and  Twenty-sixth 
Illinois  Infantry. 

Risher  Oliver,  e.  Dec.  15, 1863. 

FIRST  CAVALRY. 

The  First  Cavalry  was  recruited  during  the  Summer  of 
1861.  Its  aervicea  begao  during  the  following  Winter. 
Its  first  action  was  at  Silver  Creek,  Mo.,  where  the  rebel 
camp  was  attacked  and  routed.  In  Jebruary,  1862,  a 
detachment  from  the  First  helped  surprise  and  capture 
Gen.  Price  at  Warsaw.  Another  detachment  had  a  brush 
with  guerillas  near  Montevallo  in  the  following  April. 
During  the  next  few  months,  the  regiment  had  skirmishes 
with  the  rebels  near  Clinton,  Big  Creek,  Clear  Creek  and 
Newtonia.  Decembar  7th,  the  first  and  third  battalions 
participated  in  the  battle  at  Prairie  Grove.  That  month 
the  command  assisted  at  the  capture  of  Van  Buren, 
where  a  number  of  steamboats,  several  hundred  prisoners 
and  a  large  amount  of  stores  fell  into  the  hands  of  our 
forces.  April  26, 1863,  the  most  of  the  regiment  was  con- 
cerned in  a  night  attack  upon  a  portion  of  Marmaduke's 
forces,  breaking  up  the  camp  and  inflicting  heavy  loss. 
August  26  and  27,  the  regiment  did  gallant  service  at 
White  River.  From  September  10  until  the  following 
January,  the  First  was  stationed  at  Little  Boci.  April 
24, 1864,  the  command  repulsed  a  charge  of  the  enemy  at 
Mono  Biver,  and  had  a  share  in  the  battle  at  Jenkins^ 
Ferry  on  the  30th.  The  regiment  continued  doing  scout 
service  until_ January,  1865,.  when  they  were  sent  to  Dar- 
danelle,  and  had  a  brush  with  Col.  Cooper,driving  him  off 
the  field.  They  went  thence  to  Pine  Bluff,  and  to  Mem- 
phis. From  this  place  they  made  two  incursions  into 
Mis-issippi.  After  the  war  closed,  much  to  the  disappoint- 
ment of  the  men,  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  Texas 
under  Custer.  On  the  route  two  or  three  of  the  regiment 
committed  s  »me  depredations  on  the  inhabitants,  contrary 
to  specefic  orders  from  Gen.  Custer,  who  was  in  command. 
A  few  of  the  men  were  detected  and  ordered  to  be  flogged. 
This  order  created  much  bitterness  of  feeling  toward 
Custer,  which  had  hardly  disappeared  when  he  met  tragic 
death  on  the  plains. 

[Note. — This  regiment  was  mustered  otit  at  Austin,  Texas, 
February  15,  1866.] 

Company  C. 

La  Costa  N.  vet.  Dec.  24, 1863. 
Lee  Callender,  e.  Dec.  17,  1863. 

Company  C. 

Second  Lieut.  Eli  Waring,  e.  ad  private,  prmtd.  to  corp. 

then  sergt.,  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  5, 1864,  prom.  2d  lieut. 

Jan.  3,  1865. 
Bugler  Hiram  J.  Dunwell. 
Dubois  Geo.  H.  re-e.  as  vet.  Feb.  29, 1864. 
Foukes  Allen. 
Kintz  Augustus  J.  committed  suicide  May  31,  1863,  at 

Luke  Springs,  Mo. 
Monroe  Jack,  deserted  Nov.  16,  kid.  in  Jefl^erson  City,  Mo. 

Dec.  15, 1861,  in  attempting  to  rob  a  store. 

Skinner  E.'j.  e.  June  13, 1861,  disd.  July  15, 1862,  for  dis- 
ability. 
Stone  James  L.  disd.  for  disability  June  3, 1862. 
Trenchard  S.  W. 
Skinner  B.  F.  e.  Aug.  15, 1861. 
Timmina  W.  W.  e.  1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  5. 1864. 
Morgan  Ari,  e,  1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  5, 186i. 

Company   L. 

Q.  M.  Sergt.  Hiram  A.  Park,  g.  Aug.  15, 1861. 
Dodd  Garrett. 


450 


WAR  RECOKD  OP  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 


Guthrie  Wm.  S.  ' 

Miller  Andrew,  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  5, 1864. 
Somers  Joab,  re-e.  aa  vet.  Jan.  1, 1864. 
McClavey  James,  e.  Dec.  13,  1863. 

SECOND  CAVALKY. 

The  Second  Cavalry  contained  thirty-seven  men  from 
this  county,  and  was  also  raised  in  1861.  It  began  active 
service  under  Gen.  Grant  in  the  operations  against  New 
Madrid  and  Island  No.  10,  giving  Jeff  Thompson  a  rattling 
chase,  and  capturing  many  of  his  men  and  hoiaes.  Dur- 
ing the  Spring  of  1862,  the  Second  had  skirmishes  with 
the  enemy  at  Monterey,  Farmington,  Jacinto,  Boonville 
and  Corinth,  being  invariably  successful.  The  regiment 
continued  having  frequent  brushes  with  the  enemy  until 
October  28,  seizing  ammunition,  capturing  prisoners  and 
guarding  the  lines.  In  April,  1863,  the  Second  encoun- 
tered Gen.  Chalmers'  force,  vastly  outnumbering  that 
command,  but  retreated  leisurely  back  to  camp  without 
serious  loss.  During  this  raid,  the  men  obtained  a  re- 
mount from  horses  captured  from  the  enemy.  D.  B.  Coon 
commanded  the  regimentduring  its  raid  around  Jackson, 
in  which  it  ran  against  Forrest,  but  coming  off  in  good 
shape.  In  August,  the  Second  fought  its  way  to  Grenada, 
where  an  immense  amount  of  railway  property  was 
seized  and  destroyed.  Tn  June,  1864,  the  regiment  iharched 
under  Gen.  Smith  in  pursuit  of  Forrest,  in  which  Lieut. 
B.  K.  Watson  obtained  special  mention  from  his  com- 
manding officer.  In  August,  Gen.  Smith  gave  the  Second 
boys  a  little  more  exercise.  During  the  succeeding  Au- 
tumn,'tlie  regiment  had  skirmishes  at  Shoal  Creek,  Aber- 
deen, Butler  Creek,  Lawrenceburg,  Campbellville,  Linn- 
ville,  Mount  Carmel  and  New  Franklin.  The  last  heavy 
duty  of  the  regiment  was  in  the  battle  in  front  of  Nash- 
ville in  the  closing  days  of  1864,  in  which  the  regiment 
did  valuable  service,  and  joined  in  the  chase  of  Hood's 
demoralized  forces.  In  the  marching  which  followed,  the 
Second  picked  up  two  hundred  prisouers  and  one  battle 
flag.  The  regiment  was  mustered  out  in  Alabama,  Sep- 
tember 3, 1866. 

[NoTB. — This  regiment  was  mustered  out  at  Selma,Ala,^ 
Sept.  19,  186S.] 

B.  C.  S.  Geo.  M.  Scripture,  c.  Aug.  4,  1861,  deserted  Aug. 
3, 1862. 

Company  B. 

Teamster  N.  M.  Ives,  e.  July  30, 1861. 

Company  C. 

Abbott  A.  J.  e.  Deo.  15,  1862,  m.  o.  Oct.  10. 

Company  I. 

Capt.  Benj.  K.  Watson,  e.  as  sergt.  Aug.  31, 1861,  prmtd. 

1st  sergt.  Dec.  19, 1861,  prmtd.  2d  lieut.  Oct.  16,  1862, 

prmtd.  capt.  Jan.  21, 1865. 
First  Lieut.  Jno.  W.Wright,  com.  2d  lieut.  Aug.  31,1861, 

prmtd.  1st  lieut.  Dec.  1, 1861,  res.  Sept.  6, 1866. 
Q.  M.  S.  Wm.  S.  Babcock,  e.  Aug.  4.  1861,  wd.  at  Prairie 

Station,  Miss.  Feb.  21, 1864. 
Q.  M.  S.  HenryTrenchard,  e.  Aug.  4,  1861,  re-e.  March  1, 

1864,  disd.  Aug.  20, 1865. 
Sergt.  .John  McMartin,  re-e.  as  vet.  March  1, 1864. 
Corp.  Garrett  L.  Thorp,  e  Aug.  14,  1861. 
Corp.  Thos.  Conner,  e.  Aug.  14, 1861. 
Bugler  Geo.  W.  Barden,  e.  Aug.  4, 1861,  disd.  for  disabil- 
ity April  n,  1862. 
Bugler  Jos.  G.  Thompson,  e.  Aug.  4, 1861. 
FaiTier  Edmond  Rich,  e.  Aug.  14, 1861. 
Saddler  E.  C.  Albrook.  e.  Sept.  26, 1861. 
Wagoner    Isaac  Wilson,  e.  Aug.  14, 1861,  died  Dec.  16, 

1864,  of  wds.  received  at  battle  of  Na.shville, 
Wagoner  Van  Rensselaer  Kelly,  e.  Aug.  4, 1861. 
Brown  C.  F.  e.  Aug.  14, 1861,  kid.  in  battle  Nov.  3,  1863. 
Belden  D.  e.  Aug.  14, 1861. 

Barden  Silas,  e.  Aug.  4,  1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  March  1,  1864. 
Bremmer  Wm.  e.  Aug.  4, 1861,  wd.  in  Tenn.  April  27,  '62. 
Bradfield  .Joshua,  e.  Aug.  4,  1861,  kid.  at  Little  Harpeth, 

Tenn.  Dec.  17, 1864. 
Bryan  C.  e.  Aug.  14, 1861,  died  Oct.  27, 1861. 
Clark  A.e.  Aug.  4,1881. 

Dodd  Jas.  G.  e.  Aug.  4, 1861,re-e.  as  vet.  March  1, 1864. 
Hulbert  Chas.  6.  Aug.  4,  1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  March  1,  1864. 
Houser  D.  M.  e.  Aug.  4,  '61,  disd.  for  disability  Oct.  29,  '62. 
Ireland  .Tas.  e.  Aug.  14, 1861. 
McMartin  Jno.  e.  Aug.  4, 1861. 
McConnell  Jas.  e.  Aug.  14, 1861,  re-e.  March  1, 1864. 
Rutter  H.  E.  re-e.  March  1, 1864. 


Rich  Edmond,  e.  Aug.  14, 1861,  re-e.  aa  vet.  March  1,  '64* 

Thorp  G.  L.  e.  Aug.  14,  1861. 

Wood  John,  e.  Aug.  14, 1861,  wd.  at  Prairie  Station,  Miss 

Feb.  2,  1864. 
Wragg  Peter,  e.  Aug.  14, 1861. 
Cromwell  Geo.  W.  e.  Sept.  26,  1861,  disd.  for  disability 

April  7, 1862. 
Albrook  J.  B.  e.  Oct.  3,  1864. 
Butter  J.  A.  e.  Feb.  26, 1864. 

Company  M. 

Abbott  A.  J.  e.  Dec.  15,  1862. 

Hathaway  Lewis  H.  e.  in  1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  March  1. 1864^ 
died  of  wds.  received  at  battle  of  Nashville,  Dec.  23 
1864.  ' 

Kice  E.  P.  e.  in  1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  March  1, 1864. 

Unassigned. 

Roberts  F.  S.  e.  Feb.  29, 1864. 
Shultz  Chas  e.  Feb.  29,  1864. 

FOURTH  CAVALRY. 

Company  B,  of  the  Fourth  Cavalry,  was  mainly  re- 
cruited at  Delhi,  this  county  haviog  aeventy-nine  men  in 
the  regiment.  The  serious  busineBS  of  the  regiment 
began  January  14,  1863,  and  continued  for  over  three 
months,  the  command  being  stationed  near  Helena,  Ark. 
The  regiment  occupied  the  advance  In  Sherman's  corps 
while  moving  from  Milliken'a  Bend  to  Vicksburg. 

The  Federal  lines  were  thrown  around  the  rear  of 
Vicksburg  on  the  18th  day  of  May,  1863,  under  command 
of  Gen.  U.  S.  Grant,  who  found  himself  in  command  of 
about  sixty  thousand  men — cut  off  from  supplies,  aud  hla 
rations  almost  exhausted.  The  fortifications  of  Haines* 
and  Snyder's  Bluffs  on  the  Yazon  Kiver  effectually  cut 
off  all  communicAtion  between  the  right  flank  and  the 
supply  boats  on  the  Misaisaippi,  while  Gen.  Price  rendered 
land  transportation  impracticable. 

On  the  evening  of  the  18th  of  May,  Gen.  Grant  deter- 
mined to  send  the  cavalry  to  reconnoiter  in  the  direction 
of  Haines'  and  Snyder's  Bluffs,  and,  if  possible,  open  com- 
munication with  gunboats  on  the  Yazoo  River.  The 
Fourth  Iowa  '.vas  ordered  on  this  expedition,  and  started 
early  on  the  morning  of  the  19th,  but  moved  very  slowly, 
as  they  were  constantly  picking  up  the  foot-aore  and  dis- 
abled soldiers  of  the  rebel  army  that  had  escaped  from 
the  battle  fields  of  Champion  Hill  and  Black  Kiver 
Bridges ;  and  by  2  o'clock  P.  M.  they  had  only  made  about 
twelve  miles,  reaching  a  point  where  the  Brownsville 
road  crossed  the  one  on  which  the  column  was  marching. 
The  reports  received  from  captured  soldiers  and  negroefl 
placed  a  command  of  some  four  thousand  rebels  a  short 
distance  up  the  Brownsville  road,  and  estimated  the  gar- 
rison at  Snyder's  Bluff  at  four  thousand  more,  which 
would  make  it  extremely  hazardous  for  a  small  command 
to  cross  the  Brownsville  road.  At  this  juncture,  Col. 
Swan,  commanding  the  regiment,  determined  to  return. 
Seeing  the  regiment  reversed  and  marching  back  was  the 
first  intimation  Capt.  Peters  had  of  the  movement,  as  he 
was  at  the  rear.  He  immediately  hastened  to  Col.  Swan, 
and  endeavored  to  dissuade  him,  justly  arguing  that  they 
could  not  return  and  make  a  satisfactory  report,  without 
at  least  attempting  to  execute  the  instructions.  Unable 
to  change  the  Colonel's  determination,  he  urged  to  be 
allowed  to  take  his  old  company  and  make  an  attempt  to 
look  into  the  rebel  fortitications.  His  offer  was  at 
first  reftised,  and  the  proposition  looked  upon  as  wildly 
desperate  and  reckless ;  but, after  moving  back  for  a  mile 
or  two,  the  Colonel  finally  consented,  agreeing  to  throw 
his  regiment  into  line,  await  his  return,  and  render  what 
assistance  the  occasion  might  require.  Capt.  Peters  then 
rode  to  Company  B  and  called  for  volunteers,  when  the 
whole  company,  to  a  man,  turned  out.  He  selected  only 
such  horses  as  in  his  judgment  would  carry  their  riders 
ten  miles  at  a  fast  gait,  and  found  but  twenty-three  men, 
his  two  Lieutenants  and  Lieut.  S.  P.  Kelly,  of  Company 
A,  who  volunteered  to  take  his  place  in  the  ranks  and 
accompany  the  expedition.  They  started  at  the  gallop, 
and  in  twenty  minutes  came  upon  a  convalescent  camp 
containing  some  two  or  three  hundred  rebel  soldiers. 
They  next  surprised  and  captured  an  Irishman,  ia  citi- 
zen's dress  and  well  mounted.  The  Captain  charged  him 
with  being  a  rebel  soldier  and  belonging  to  the  fortiiica- 
tions,  and  offered  him  his  liberty  and  a  free  pass  to  St  Louis 
if  he  would  conduct  him  into  the  fortifications  by  a  route 
that  would  avoid  tho  rebel  pickets.  This  proposition  was 
accepted,  and  os  the  column  had  all  the  time  been  riding 
at  a  fast  gallop,  they  were  soon  at  the  foot  of  Snyder's 


WAR  RECORD  OF  DELAWARE  COUNT?. 


451 


BlutF.  The  guide  here  pointed  out  a  by-path,  through 
the  brush  and  timber,  capable  of  the  passage  of  troops  in 
single  iile.  Knteriug  this  path,  the  party  soon  arrived 
at  the  top  of  the  bluff,  and  came  out  upon  a  broad  mili- 
tary road  leading  into  the  fortifications,  and  formed  in  a 
column  of  fours,  and  at  a  sharp  gifllop  turned  the  corner 
leading  into-the  fortifications,  sloping  from  their  feet  grad- 
ually down  to  the  Yazoo  River.  The  guard  left  by  the  evac- 
uating rebels  endeavored  hastily  to  form  a  line  across  the"" 
road,  but  the  column  of  cavalry  charged  down  upon 
them  so  suddenly  that  not  a  shot  was  fired,  and  in  an 
instant  they  threw  down  their  arms  and  surrendered.  The 
cavalrymen  were  immediately  dismounted  and  dispersed 
in  every  direction,  in  squads  of  threes  and  fours,  so  that 
in  less  than  twenty  minutes  the  whole  rear  guard  of 
evacuating  rebel  forces  were  moving,  disarmed,  toward 
the  landing  on  the  Yazoo  Biver.  An  unsuccessful  attempt 
was  then  made  to  signal  the  gunboat  "  De  Kalb,"  lying 
some  four  miles  down  the  river.  After  a  few  momenta, 
Capt.  Petera  ordered  Lieut,  Clark  and  two  men  to  go 
down  the  river  and  communicate  with  the  gunboat,  and, 
directing  Lieut.  Parsons  to  look  after  the  prisoners,  he 
took  three  men  and  started  for  Haines'  Blufi,  situated 
some  three  miles  up  the  river.  Here  he  found  no  troops, 
and,  after  counting  the  guns  and  making  observations 
until  dark,  he  returned  to  the  landing  at  Snyder's  BluflF. 
The  gunboat  "De  Kalb"  had  arrived,  the  prisoners  were 
received  on  board,  the  cavalrymen  were  eating  their  sup- 
per, the  first  "  square  meal "  for  fourteen  days,  and  Capt. 
Peters  was  taken  from  the  saddle  and  carried  to  the 
officers'  deck,  where  a  sumptuous  repast  was  awaiting. 
After  eating  supper — in  regular  gunboat  style — ^and 
directing  an  orderly  boat  to  communicate  the  capture  to 
the  transports  on  the  Mississippi,  he  and  his  men  re- 
mounted aud  started  back  to  join  their  command,  but 
found  it  gone.  Continuing  their  march,  they  arrived,  at 
2  o'clock  A.  M.,  at  the  camp  they  had  left  the  previous 
morning.  Here  Capt.  Peters  learned  that  Col.  Swan  had 
reported  to  Gen.  Grant  the  failure  of  his  expedition,  and 
that  Capt.  Peters  and  his  small  command  had  been  either 
killed  or  captured.  He  immediately  mounted  a  fresh 
horse,  rode  to  Gen.  Grant's  headquarters  and  reported  the 
true  state  of  things,  and  by  daylight  in  the  morning  the 
mule  teams  were  bringing  army  stores  from  the  Chicka- 
saw Bayou  to  feed  the  sixty  thousand  hungry  soldiers. 

The  Fourth  (under  command  of  Lieut.  Col.  Peters) 
accompanied  Gen.  Sherman  on  his  expedition  to  Meridian 
in  February,  1861,  in  which  it  bad  a  daily  skirmish  for 
twelve  successive  days,  and  performed  many  daring  ex- 
ploits near  Memphis  and  at  Tupelo  in  the  following 
months.  The  regiment  was  transferred  to  Arkansas  in 
September,  whence  the  command  marched  into  Missouri 
under  Gen.  Mower,  and  had  a  severe  engagement  with 
Price's  forces  near  Independence.  In  October,  Gen. 
Pleasanton,  by  general  orders,  authorized  the  regiment  to 
place  on  its  colors  "Big  Blue"  and  "Osage,"  the  Fourth 
having  done  especial  service  in  both  engagements.  In  a 
subsequent  order.  Gen.  Pleasanton  said :  "  Winslow's  bri- 
gade of  cavalry  being  about  to  leave  for  another  depart 
ment,  the  Major  General  commanding  takes  this  occasion 
not  only  to  express  his  regrets  in  separating  from  such 
glorious  troops,  but  also  to  recall  the  splendid  manner  in 
which  this  regiment  fought  at  Osage,  capturing  five 
pieces  of  artillery  from  the  enemy,  with  a  large  number 
of  prisoners,  and  carrying,  by  a  daring  charge,  the_  most 
important  and  conspicuous  position  on  that  brilliant 
field."  The  regiment  returned  to  St.  Louis  November  29. 
In  March,  1865,  the  regiment  was  again  at  the  front,  Col. 
Peters  having  rejoined  and  taken  command.  March  31st, 
the  regiment  repulsed  an  attack  by  two  regiments  of  the 
enemy,  driving  him  two  miles.  April  2d,  the  regiment 
captured  the  defenses  of  Selma  and  the  city  itself,  includ- 
ing 1,600  prisoners,  besides  an  immense  amount  of  war 
material.  The  regiment  was  present  at  the  taking  of 
Columbus,  Ga.,  April  IGth,  capturing  one  of  the  strongest 
defenses  of  that  city.  The  command  then  marched  to- 
ward Forsyth,  destroying  railroad  property  until  the 
21st,  where  the  armistice  concluded  its  labors,  and  the 
regiment  returned  to  Macon,  thence  to  Atlanta,  where  it 
was  mustered  out  August  8, 1865. 

'As  a  brilliant,  dashing  and  successful  cavalry  officer. 
Colonel  Peters  had  few  if  any  superiors  in  the  Western 
army,  and  successfully  led  many  a  perilous  expedition 
which,  though  necessary,  required  an  officer  possessing 
cool  judgment,  bravery  and  indomitable  pluck  to  execute. 
A  universal  favorite  among  his  associates  and  companions 
in  arms,  he  was  nevertheless  often  considered  reckless 
and  foolhardly,  although  he  never  failed  to  prove,  by  his 
oft-repeated  successes,  that  he  was  led  by  judgment  rather 
than  impulse.  Such  was  his  popularity  with  the  soldiers 
of  the  comman'l ,  that  he  could  always  secure  more  volun- 


teers than  he  wished  to  accompany  him  on  any  extra 
hazardous  expedition,  no  matter  how  dangerous  or  hone- 
less  it  might  seem. 

[Note.— T4i«  regiment  wcu  muttered  out  at  AOanla   6a 
Aug.  10,  1885.]  '        ' 

Lieut.  Col.  John  H.  Petera,  com.  capt.  Co.  B,  wd.  Nov  8 

1862,  prmtd.  major  June  20,  1803,  prmtd.  to  lieut' 
col.  Sept.  2,  1863. 

Asst.  Surg.  Stephen  Cummings,  com.  July  2, 1863 
Third  B.  C.  S.  Geo.  W.  Keid,  e.  Sept.  23,  1861,  died.  Mav 
M,  1862,  disab.  .  r        ,  ,  >, 

Third  B.  C.  S.  C.  A.  Crawford,  e.  Sept.  23, 1861. 

Company.  B. 

Capt.  Alonzo  Clark,  com.  second  lieut.  Aug.  16,  1861, 

prmtd.  to  first  lieut.  Dec.  7,  1863,  prmtd.  to  capt. 

Sept.  27, 1864. 
Capt.  Geo.  B.  Parsons,  com.  2d   lieut.   Nov.   23,  1861, 

wd.  at  Helen  I,  Ark.,  May  1862,  prmtd.  to  capt.  Sept. 

2,1863,  res.  Sept.  1,1864. 
First  Lieut.  Thomas   Bowman,  e.  as  private  Oct.  9, 1861, 

prmtd.  to  corpl.,  prmtd.  to  sergt.,  prmtd,  to  second 

lieut  March  1,  1864,  prmtd.  to  first  lieut.  Sept.  28, 

1864. 
Sergt.  Joaeph  Gamble,  e.  Sept.  23,  1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  Dec. 

12. 1863,  kid.  Dec.  1,  1864,  in  battle  near  Memphis. 
Sergt.  Joaeph  Vesey,  e.  Sept.  26,  1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  Dec. 

12,  1863. 
Sergt.  John  W.  Corbin,  e.  Sept.  23, 1861,  wd.  near  Helena, 

Ark.  May,  1872,  and  at   Mechanchanicsburg,  Miss. 

June  29,  1863. 
Sergt.  Cyrus  Stoner,  e.  Sept.  23, 1861. 
Corp.  Tlios.  Henry,  e.  Sept.  23, 1861. 
Corp.  Wm.  W.  Peak,  e.  Sept.  23, 1861,  disd.  May  16,  1862, 

disab. 
Corp.  I.  Saunders,  e.  Sept.  23, 1861,  diad.  July  23, 1862. 
Corp.  Wm.  T.  Smithers,  e.  Sept.  23, 1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  Dec. 

14, 1863. 
Corp.  Wm.  Graham,  e.  Sept.  25, 1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  Dec. 

14, 1863. 
Corp.  David  Behan,  e.  Sept.  23, 1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  Dec.  14, 

1863. 
Corp.  0.  H.  Marvin,  o.  Sept.  26,  1861,  reduced  to  ranks 

Aug.  1, 1862. 
Corp.  Wm.  Lees,  e.  Sept.  23, 1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  Dec.  12, 

1863. 
Corp.  Jas.  Beeder,  e.  Sept.  23,  1861,  reduced   to    ranks 

Aug.  1,  1862. 
Corp.  C.  Bldridge,  e.  Sept.  23,  '61,  re-e.  as  vet.  Dec.  12,  '63. 
Corp.  Levi  Washburn,  e.  Sept.  23, 1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  Dec. 

14, 1863,  captd.  near  Memphis,  Dec.  14, 1864. 
Corp.  Peter  McElmeel,  e.  Nov.  7, 1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  Dec. 

12, 1863,  wd.  at  Pilot  Knob  Sept.  1864. 
Bugler  J.  McNulty,  e.  Nov.  7, 1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  Dec.  21, 

1863,  captd.  June  11, 1864,  died  at  Milan,  Ga.  Nov. 
18,  1864. 

Bugler  Chaa.  W.  Tuffa,  e.  Nov.  2, 1861. 

Farrier  James  Barker,  e.  Sept.  23, 1861,  r«-e.  as  vet.  Dec- 

14,  1862. 
Farrier  Peter  Ward,  e.  Nov.  7, 18G1,  re-e.  aa  vet.  Dec.  14, 

1862. 
Teamater  Jas.  A.  Walker,  e.  Sept.  23,  1861,  re-e.  as  vet. 

Dec.  12, 1863.  ^       , , 

Teamster  I.  Watkins,  e.  Oct.  9, 1861,  re-e.  aa  vet.  Dec.  14, 

1863. 
Coates  Chas.  e.  Sept.  23, 1861,  died  Nov.  15, 1863. 
Dutton  P.  e.  Sept.  30, 1861,  disd.  July  14, 1862,  disab. 
Button  H.  e.  Sept.  30, 1861.  re-e.  as  vet.  Dec.  12, 1863. 
Ellis  Levi,  e.  Sept.  23, 1861.  -  ,„o     * 

Gaffney  Patrick,  e.  Sept.  30, 1861,  died  June  7, 1862,  at 

Batesville,  Ark.  ,  „„„ 

Gray  Jas.  A.  e.  Oct.  28, 1861,  wd.  Oct.  11, 1862. 
Griffin  Wm.  H.  e.  Sept.  23, 1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  Dec.  14,  63. 
Halsted  John  I.  e.  Sept.  23,  1861,  disd.  for  disabihty  Jan. 

Johnson  Thos.  e.  Nov.  3, 1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  Dec.  12, 1863. 
McNulty  F.  e.  Noy.  3, 1861.  la  ^aK^ 

Millard  Thos.  e.  Sept.  23, 1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  Dec.  19, 1863. 
Marvin  Oscar,  e.  1861,  re-aa  vet.  Dec.  21, 1863. 
Price  Henry,  e.  Sept.  23, 1861,  re-e.  aa  vet.  Dec.  14  1863. 
Ssey  0..D.  e.  Sept.  30, 1861,  desrtd.  Dec.  31, 1862,  re-e. 

asvet.  Dec.  19,1863. 
Eeid  D.  e.  Sept.  30,1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  Dec.  14, 1862. 
True  Geo.  re-e.  as  vet.  Dec.  14, 1863. 
Ireland  Jno.  kid.  near  Jackson,  Mlaa  Sept  1864. 
McNulty  Thos.  wd.  battle  T"Pelo.  J^'y- 1*™-, 
Turner  B.  e.  Sept.  23, 1861,  disd.  June  30, 1862. 
Wellman  L.  D.  e.  Sept.  25, 1861. 


452 


WAR  RECORD  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 


■Walker  Mely,  e.  Sept.  23, 1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  Deo.  12, 1S63, 
wd.  in  actioa  Dec.  M,  1864.  ,.,  locu 

•Williams  0.  J.  e.  Oct.  30, 1861,  re-e.  aa  Tet.  Deo.  12, 1863. 

Taylor  M.  B.  e.  Jan.  11, 1862.  .. 

Alien  J.  W.  e.  Sept.  23,  1861,  prmtd.  to  musician,  disd. 
April  9, 1862,  disab. 

Brayton  H.  e.  Sept.  23, 1861,  prmtd.  to  musician 

Hampton  Jas.  A.  e.  Dec.  19, 1861,  disd.  Deo.  23, 1862. 

Lawrence,  H.  J.  e.  Dec.  13, 1861.  \ 

Pierce  L.  e.  Dec.  19, 1861. 

Shreck  J.  P.  e.  Deo.  18, 1861. 

Washburn  Cyrus,  e.  Oct.  9, 1861,  captd.  June  22,  1863, 
rear  of  Vicksburg,  re-e.  e.  as  vet.  Dec  12, 1863. 

Griffin  G.  G.  e.  Doc.  19, 1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  Dec.  19, 1863 

Gibbs  John  F.  e.  Dec.  18,  1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  Dec.  18, 1863. 

Guthrie  A.  A.  e.Dec.  19,1861,  re-e.  as  vef.  Deo.  18, 1863. 

Guthrie  Jos.  e.  Dec.  19, 1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  Feb.  29, 1864. 

Healey  Chester,  e.  Dec.  19, 1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  Deo.  19,  63. 

MoOallum  John,  e.  Dec.  19,  1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  Dec.  19, 

1863,  wd.  at  Black  River  Biidge,  Feb.  3, 1864. 
Blackburn  A.  H.  a.  Oct.  10, 1863. 

Barnes  Geo.  r.  e.  Oct.  8,  1863. 

Council  Edward,  o.  Sept.  28, 1863,  wd.  near  Memphis  Dec. 

Cole  Thos.  J.  e.  Oct.  11, 1863,  kid.  in  battle  at  Little  Blue 
Eiver,  Kan.,Oct.23,1864. 

Delanoey,  Wm.  F.  e.  Oct.  8, 1863. 

Dillon  Edward,  e.  Sept.  18, 1863. 

Dnfo  Watson  O.  e.  Oct.  8.  1863. 

Douglas  J.  N.  e.  Oct.  8, 1863. 

Evens  Jas.  H  e.  Sept.  28, 1863. 

Flinn  John  H.  e.  Nov.  22, 1863. 

Fitch  James,  e.  Sept.  18, 1863. 

Gaffney  Thos.  e.  Sept.  18, 1863. 

La  Grand  Geo.  e.  Dec.  21, 1863. 

La  Grand  Melvin,  e.  Dec.  21, 1863. 

McBride  BenJ.  e.  Oct.  8, 1863. 

McKee  Miller,  e.  Oct.  «,  1863. 

Busi  John  B.  e.  Oct.  24, 1863,  kid.  in  battle  near  Mem- 
phis, Deo.  14, 1864. 

Speara  Robert,  e.  Oct.  8,  1863,  captd.  Dec.  14, 1864,  near 
Memphis. 

Van  Clear  Jas.  H.  e.  Oct.  1,  1863. 

Akers  John  W.  e.  Feb.  29,  1864,  captd.  Deo.  14,  1864, 
near  Memphis. 

Bowman  Josiah,  e.  Nov.  21,  1863,  captd.  Deo.  14, 1864, 
near  Memphis. 

Clapp  Geo.  W.  e.  Feb.  25,  1864,  captd.  Dec.  14, 1864,  near 
Memphis. 

Cronan  Timothy,  e.  March  24, 1864. 

Dennis  Daniel,  e.  March  12, 1864,  died  Aug.  29,  1864. 

Fierstine  Jos.  e.  Feb.  15, 1864. 

Linkin  Jonathan,  e.  Nov.  4, 1863. 

Littlejohn  L.  J.  e.  Feb.  26,  1864,  taken  prsr.  June  11, 

1864,  at  Ripley,  Miss,  died  at  Andersonville  prison. 
MoCormack  Marshall,  e.  Dec.  1,  1863,  died  at  Paducah, 

Ky.  Feb.  12, 1865. 
O'Brian  John  L.  e.  Dec.  28, 1863,  trans,  to  Co.  A  March 

18,  1864. 
Phillips  H.  0.  e.  Dec.  1, 1863. 
Smith  Geo.  D.  e.  Feb.  10, 1864. 
Washburn  Lewis,  e  Oct.  5, 1864. 
Young  Wm,  W.  e.  Feb.  24, 1864. 

Company  C. 

Hartman  .John  C.  e.  Feb.  12, 1864,  died  of  wds.  at  Mem- 
phis, June  25,  1864. 

Company  H. 

Taylor  S.  C.  e.  Sept.  23, 1861. 

Company  K. 

Fox  Danl.  K.  e.  March  14, 1864. 

Company  Unknown. 

McCarty  John,  e.  Sept.  10, 1864. 
Morgan  Henry,  e.  Sept.  10, 1864. 

SIXTH  CAVALRY. 

The  Sixth  Cavalry  was  recruited  in  1862,  and  was  sen, 
to  Minnesota  immediately  after  being  mounted  and  drilled 
where  it  marched  under  Gen.  Sully  against  the  Indians. 
During  Augnnf,  1863,  three  companies  of  the  Sixth,  under 
command  of  Maj,  House,  while  on  detached  service,  un- 
dertook to  hold  a  camp  of  1,500  Indians  until  word  could 
be  sent  to  the  main  force,  but  this  proving  to  be  almost 


too  large  a  job  for  the  men,  for  the  Indians  were  breaking 
away  just  as  Gen.  Sully  came  up  with  Col.  D.  S.  Wilson  at 
the  head  of  the  Sixth  and  Col.  Furnas  in  command  of  the 
Second  Nebraska.  The  battle  began  instantly,  two  com- 
panies of  tbe  Sixth  going  through  the  camp,  and  Col. 
Furnas  joining  Maj.  House.  The  engagement  lasted  till 
after  dark,  when  the  bugles  sounded  the  recall.  The  In- 
dians fled  during  the  night,  leaving  everything  but  their 
ponies  and  arms  behind.  The  next  day  (5th),  the  com- 
mand destroyed  half  a  million  pounds  of  drird  meat, 
three  hundred  lodges,  and  other  valuable  property.  Over 
a  hundred  dead  Indians  were  found  on  the  field.  July  28, 
1864,  the  Sixth  had  a  hand  in  the  engagement  with  the  In- 
dians at  Tahkah  kutah,  where  the  Indiana  occupied  a  se- 
cure position  on  some  steep  and  rocky  bluffs  partly  covered 
with  timber.  The  Indians  threw  out  mounted  skirmish- 
ing parties  eight  or  ten  miles  in  advance  of  this  position 
which  were  driven  back  to  the  bluffs.  The  Indians  wers 
then  shelled  out  of  their  position  in  the  rocks  and  forced 
to  retre«t  with  considerable  loss.  August  8fh,  the  regi- 
ment, which  had  camped  the  previous  night  on  Ihe  Little 
Missouri,  had  a  skirmish  with  a  heavy  force  of  Indians, 
and  on  the  following  day  got  a  chance  to  charge  them  a 
distance  of  over  two  miles,  killing  a  considerable  number. 
The  regiment  remained  in  Dakota  until  Winter,  bivou- 
acked at  Sioux  City  until  Spring,  and  was  mustered  out 
in  October,  1865. 

[Note. — This  regiment  waa  muetered  out  at  Bvmx  Cihi. 
Ofitober  17,  1865.  ' 

Maj.  Albert  E.  House,  com.  Oct.  21, 1862. 

Company  B. 

Miller  Andrew,  e.  Oct.  17;  1862. 

Company  C. 

Gapt.  Abraham  B.  Moreland,  com.  Jan.  31, 1863, 

First  Lieut.  Wesley  A.  Heath,  com.  Jan.  31,  1863,  adjt. 

June  1,  '61. 
Second  Lieut.  Chas.  F.  Hobbs,  com.  Q.  M.  S.  prmtd.  2d 

lieut.  Aug.  27, 1865. 
First  Sergt.  B.  M.  Jones,  e.  Sept.  17, 1862,  died  April  19, 

1865,  at  Webster  City,  of  wda.  received  in  a  shooting 

Com.  Sergt.  T.  B.  Hobbs,  e.  Sept.  17, 1862. 

Sergt.  H.  S.  Sang,  o.  Sept.  18,  1862. 

Sergt.  Wm.  Cuppett,  e.  Sept.  22, 1862. 

Sergt.  Roland  Aubrey,  e.  Sept.  26, 1862. 

Corp.  Samuel  Levenstine,  e.  Sept.  19, 1861. 

Corp.  George  T.  Rea,  e.  Sept.  22, 1862. 

Corp.  James  T.  Haught,  e.  Sept.  22, 1862. 

Corp.  E.  Raster,  e.  Sept.  22,  1862. 

Corp.  Peter  W.  Keith,  e.  Sept.  21, 1862. 

Corp.  James  H.  McMahon,  e.  Sept.  V,  1862. 

Corp.  R.  Reynolds,  e.  Dec.  26, 1862. 

Carp.  William  Aubrey,  e.  Sept.  26. 1862. 

Teamster  T.  J.  Radabacb,  e.  Oct.  21, 1862. 

Teamster  Geo.  W.  Ashburn,  e.  Sept.  26,  1862. 

Farrier  James  Lee,  e.  Sept.  22. 1862. 

Wagoner  James  Ashburn,  e.  Sept.  26, 1862. 

Boyles  D.  M.  e.  Oct.  16,  1862,  died  Aug.  8, 1864. 

Bosteder  0.  D.  e.  Sept.  22,  1862. 

Bradley  C.  J.  e.  Sept.  22, 1862. 

Bullis  S.  0.  Nov.  22, 1862. 

Butler  A.  e.  Sept.  19, 1862,  disd.  March  23, 1863. 

Blair  J.  L.  e  Nov.  21,  1862. 

Blacmer  Austin,  e.  Dec.  31, 1862,  died  at  Ft.  Randall.D.  T., 
Feb.  23,  1864. 

Bangle  J.  W.  e.  Sept.  22,  1862,  disd.  May  9, 1864. 

Barnhart  G.  T.  e.  Sept.  19, 1862,  wd.  at  White  Stone  Hills, 
D.  T.  Sept.  3, 1863. 

ButliT  R.  e.  Sept.  19,  1862. 

Clendenen  John,  e.  Sept.  25, 1861,  died  Sept.  8,  1864. 

Crosby  E.  o.  Sept.  21, 1862,  disd.  April  7, 1863. 

Carlington  Thos.  e.  Dec.  5, 1862. 

Crosier  B.  e.  Nov.  22, 1862. 

Durfey  A.  B.  e.  Deo.  28, 1862. 

Dunham  Geo.  a.  Jan.  6, 1863. 

Earl  Mark,  e.  Dec.  16, 1862. 

FoustWm.  e.  Oct.  21,  1862. 

Groce  Wm.  e.  Sept.  26, 1862. 

Gafney  T.  e.  Sept,  14, 1862. 

Hulbert  P.  e.  Sept.  23, 1862,  disd.  Oct.  22, 1863,  disab. 

Hewitt  J.  W.  6.  Sept.  19, 1862. 

Hussey  C.  L.  e.  Sept.  18, 1862,  disd.  June  17, 1864,  for  pro- 
motion to  2d  lieut.  Co.  0,  v.  3.  V. 

Hankins  J.  H.  e  Oct.  21, 1862. 

Haas  Andrew,  e.  Sept.  18, 1862. 

Hulbert  J  W.  e.  Sept.  23, 1862. 

Impson  Reuben,  e.  Jan.  5, 1862. 


WAR  RECORD  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 


453 


Kearney  P.  e.  Sept.  14, 1862. 
.  Kinnear  James,  Sept.  23, 1862. 
LoTeloBS  Perry,  e.  Dec.  29, 1862. 
Mann  Z.  e.  Jan.  9, 1862,  diad.  Jan  7,  1864. 
Miller  Jacob,  e.  Sept.  20, 1862. 
McFarUn  Peter,  e.  Sept.  22, 1862. 
Nutting  S.  M.  e.  Dec.  24, 1862. 
Osfiorn  J.  M.  e.  Sept.  22,  1862. 
Eansdell  0.  0.  e.  Sept.  14,  1862. 
Bobinson  T.  W.  e.  Sept.  13, 1862. 
Eeardon  John,  e.  Sept.  18, 1862,  died  at  Sioux  City,  March 

28.  1865. 
Seaton  M.  D.  e.  Sept.  22, 1862. 
Smith  E.  e.  Sept.  22, 1862. 
Shepardson  Van  E.  e.  Dec.  15, 1862. 
Stephens  C.  e.  Oct.  20,  1862,  died  Sept.  6,  1863,  of  wds. 

receired  at  the  battle  ofWhite  Stone  Hills 
Shear  C.  B.  e.  Sept.  22, 1862. 
Townspud  E.  W.  e.  Sept.  13, 1862. 
Vosburg  0.  A.  e.  Oct.  7, 1862. 
Walter  J.  S.  e.  Sept.  22, 1862. 
Wilson  B.  C.  e.  Oct.  11, 1862. 
Wood  John,  e.  Deo.  15, 1862. 
Walter  J.  J.  e.  Sept.  22, 1862,  wd.  Sept.  3, 1863,  and  died 

Nov.  17, 1863,  at  Sioux  City. 

Company  H. 

Henkel  Wm.  e.  Oct.  29, 1862. 

Henkel  Trank,  e.  Oct.  29, 1862,  disd.  Jan.  25, 1864,  disab. 


Company  K. 

Corp.  A.  C.  Oniikshank,  e.  Sept.  12, 1862. 
Cruikshank  J.  e.  Sept.  12, 1862. 

Company  M. 

Sergt.  Wm.  Lutes,  e.  Teb.  27, 1863. 
Kennedy  John,  e.  Jan.  5, 1863. 

Unassigned. 

Acers  Wilson,  e.  Sept.  10, 1864. 
Bailey  Clement,  e.  Sept.  10, 1864. 
Foley  Dennis,  e.  Sept.  15, 1864. 
Stockwell  James  H.  e.  Sept.  10, 1864. 
Turner  Salem,  e.  Sept.  10, 1864. 

SEVENTH  CAVALRY. 

[Note. — This  regiment  wat  mustered  out  at  Leavenworth, 
Kamas,  May  17, 1866.} 

Q.  M.  S.  Nathan  B.  Qleason,  e.  as  private  March  19, 1863, 
prmtd.  to  Q.  M.  S.  July  27, 1863,  disd.  Jan.  26, 1866, 
disab. 

Company  B. 

Clark  Alex.  e.  Feb.  9, 1863,  disd.  May  26, 1865,  disab. 
McQuirk  Ed.  J.  e.  Feb.  10, 1863. 

Company  E. 

Twombly  Fredk.  e.  May  18, 1863. 

Company  F. 

King  J.  H.  e.  Feb.  23, 1863. 

Murphy  John,  e.  May  21,  1863,  died  Aug.  4,  1865,  at 

Julesbnrg,  Colo. 
Dodd  Thos.  C.  6.  March  21,  '64,  disd.  March  22,  '66,  disab. 

Company  H. 

Wagoner  Enos  B.  Wright,  o.  June  25,  1863,  disd.  Aug. 

23,  1865. 
Chambers  Henry,  e.  Oct.  IV,  1864. 
Hutton  Wm.  e.  Oct.  17, 1864. 
Malvin  Nicholas,  e.  Oct.  17, 1864. 
Malvin  Jno.  e.  Oct.  17, 1864. 
Malvin  Jos.  C.  e.  Oct.  17, 1864. 
Mann  Robt.  e.  Oct.  17, 1864. 
Merton  Jno.  e.  Oct.  17, 1864. 

Unassigned. 

Livingston  D.  J.  e.  March  28, 1864. 


EIGHTH  CAVALRY. 


Auf.^si'lseS^.  "'''™"'  """  »«''«'-«<l  out  at  Macon,  Ga. 

Maj.  Jno  Jay  Brown  com.  2d  lieut.  Co.  K,  12th  inf.  Nov 
25,  1861,  prmtd.  Ist  lieut.  March  18,  1802  prmtd 
ma^,  8th  cav.  May  28, 1863,  res.  April  14,  1864    ^ 

Surg  Wm.  H  Jinley,  com.  asst.  surg.  12th  iuf.  Oct.  30, 
14   186™        '""'^'   ^"^  ""■  ■'"'^  ^'  ^''^^'  '■^'-  -^I"" 

Company  L. 

First  Lieut.  Chas.  A.  Crawford,  com.  2d  lieut.  Sept.  30  1863 

prmtd.  1st  lieut.  Feb.  6,  1866.  ' 

Serg.  Bobt.  G.  Crawford,  e.  Aug.  3  1863 
"^^a'^^.-^^-  Borden,  6.  June  8,  1863,  captd.  July  30, 

1864,  at  Newman,  Ga.,  died  Nov.  30.  1864,  while  a 

prisoner  of  war  at  Florence,  S.  C. 
Cavanaugh  Michael,  e.  July  30,1863,  trans,  to  V.  K  C 
Crouch  F.  J.  e.  Aug.  27, 1863,  died  May  17, 1864,  at  Nash. 

viUe. 
Keith  Jas.  E.  e.  July  26, 1863. 
Kaho  Patrick,  e.  July  26, 1863. 

Company    Unknown. 

Mahony  Jno.  e.  Nov.  28, 1864. 

MISCELLANEOUS  CAVALRY. 
Fifth  Cavalry. 

Asst.  Surg.  Goo.  S.  Dewitt,  com.  Feb.  19, 1863,  res.  March 
18,1864. 

Fifth  Veteran  Cavalry. 

Cousins  Wm.  A.  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1, 1864,  died  Oct.  9, 1864, 

of  wds.  at  Atlanta,  Ga. 
Knee  James,  e.  Feb.  26, 1864,  m.  o.  Aug.  11, 1865. 
Lockridge  Geo.  C.  e.  Feb.  26, 1864,  m.  o.  Aug.  11, 1865. 
Melvin  Wm.  P.  e.  Feb.  27, 1864,  m.  o.  Aug.  11, 1865. 
Melugin  A.  W.  e.  Feb.  28, 1864,  m.  o.  Aug.  11, 1865. 
Sackett  Lewis,  e.  Feb.  29, 1864,  m.  o.  Aug.  11, 1865. 
Wright  Thos.  H.  e.  Feb.  26,  1864,  m.  o.  Aug.  11, 1865. 
Doolittle  A.  H.  e.  Dec.  6,  1863,  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  6, 1864, 

trans,  from  Co.  K  5th  Inf.  m.  o.  Aug.  11, 1865. 
Griffin  Asel,  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  5, 1864.  trans,  from  Co.  K  5th 

Inf.  m.  0  Aug.  11, 1865. 
Mosheir  T.  re-e.  as  vet.  Feb.  29,  1864,  trans,  from  Co.  K 

5th  Inf.  m.  o.  Aug.  11, 1865. 
Pratt  L.  A.  e.  Feb.  18, 1864,  m.  o.  Aug.  11, 1865. 

Second  Missouri  Cavalry, 

Pierce  S.  W.  e.  Sept.  11,  1861,  from  Co.  G,  Fremont  Huz- 
zars,  disd.  for  disab.  Oct.  1, 1862. 

THIRD  BATTERY   LIGHT   ARTIL- 
LERY. 

Capt.  Melville  C.  Wright,  com.  1st  lieut.  Jr.  Sept.  16,  1861, 

prmtd.  to  Ist  Lieut.  Sr.  Sept.  4, 1862,  prmtd.  to  capt. 

Oct.  4, 1864,  disd.  Jan.  5,  1865. 
Second  Lieut.  Leroy  S.  House,  e.  as  sergt.  prmtd.  to  2d 

bent.  Jr.  Dec.  13,  1863,  prmtd.  2d  heut.  Sr.  Oct.  4, 

1864,  res.  Nov.  14, 1864. 
Phelps  A.  re-e.  ae  vet.  Dec.  22, 1863,  m.  o.  Oct.  3, 1865. 
Miller  John,  e.  Feb.  26, 1864,  m.  o.  Oct.  3, 1865. 
Wasson  Wm.  e.  Feb.  6,  1864,  m.  o.  Oct.  3, 186S. 
Webb  Thos.  J.  e.  Feb.  25, 1864,  m.  o.  Ocf.  3, 1865. 
Perry  Amos,  ro-e.  as  vet.  Dec.  22, 1863,  m.  o.  Oct.  3,  1866. 

ENGINEER  REGIMENT  OF  THE 

WEST. 

Company  F. 

Artificer  John  D.  Mclntyre,  e.  Sept.  9, 1861. 

Artificer  Dean  Talcott,  e.  Sept.  9,  1861. 

Jones  George,  e.  Sept.  9,  1861,  missed  in  action  at  Tub- 

cumbia  Biver,  Miss.  May  30,  1862. 
Smith  D.  Sept.  9,  1861. 
Tolcott  D.  Sept.  9, 1861. 


454  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

For  four  years  and  more,  the  notes  of  the  fife  and  drum  and  hugle  and  the 
tramp  of  armed  hosts  were  continually  heard,  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific, 
from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  to  British  North  America,  and  the  clash  of  arms  was 
borne  northward  on  every  breeze  from  the  sunny  but  blood-drenched  plains  of 
the  South.  For  four  years  and  more,  "  grim-visaged  war"  had  waved  its  crim- 
son banners  over  the  fair  fabric  the  Fathers  had  erected,  in  a  vain  endeavor  to 
hurl  it  from  its  foundations.  In  this  terrible  and  gigantic  struggle,  Delaware 
had  borne  its  full  part,  and  many  a  brave  volunteer  from  its  beautiful  prairies 
had  laid  down  his  life  on  the  battle  field  or  starved  to  death  in  the  rebel 
slaughter  pens  at  Andersonville  and  Macon. 

But  now  Sherman  and  his  "brave  boys  in  blue"  had  made  their  memorable 
and  historic  march  to  the  sea,  Lee  had  surrendered  to  the  victorious  army  of 
the  Union  under  Grant,  the  war  was  ended,  peace  restored,  the  Union  preserved 
in  its  integrity,  and  the  patriotic  sons  of  Delaware  who  were  spared  to  witness 
the  final  victory  of  the  armies  of  the  Union  returned  to  their  homes  to  receive 
grand  ovations  and  tributes  of  honor  from  friends  and  neighbors  who  had 
eagerly  and  jealously  and  anxiously  watched  and  followed  them  wherever  the 
varying  fortunes  of  war  had  called  them. 

Exchanging  their  soldiers'  uniforms  for  citizens'  dress,  most  of  them  fell 
back  to  their  old  avocations — on  the  farm,  in  the  mines,  at  the  forge,  the  bench, 
in  the  shop,  in  the  ofiice,  or  at  whatever  else  their  hands  found  to  do.  Their 
noble  deeds,  in  the  hour  of  their  country's  peril,  are  now  and  always  will  be  dear 
to  the  hearts  of  the  people  whom  they  so  faithfully  served.  Brave  men  are 
always  honored,  and  no  class  of  citizens  are  entitled  to  greater  respect  than  the 
brave  volunteers  of  Delaware  County,  not  simply  because  they  were  soldiers, 
but  because,  in  their  association  with  their  fellow  men,  their  walk  is  upright 
and  their  character  and  honesty  without  reproach. 

Their  country  first,  then  glory  and  their  pride ; 
Land  of  their  hopes — land  where  their  fathers  died ; 
When  in  the  right,  they'll  keep  their  honor  bright ; 
When  in  the  wrong,  they'll  die  to  set  it  right. 

The  wondrous  deeds  of  daring  and  glorious  achievements  of  the  Army  of  the 
Union,  during  the  great  war  of  the  rebellion,  will  always  be  dearly  cherished 
by  all  patriotic  hearts.  But  there  were  scenes,  incidents  and  accidents,  the 
memory  of  which  will  shade  with  sadness  the  bright  reflections  engendered  by 
the  contemplation  of  a  heroism,  devotion  and  sacrifice  the  like  of  which  the 
world  never  saw  before.  But  the  memory  of  those  who  fell  in  the  stupendous 
struggle  is  still  familiar  to  the  present  people  of  Delaware  County ;  but  fifty 
years  hence,  when  the  fathers  and  mothers  of  to-day  shall  have  passed  on  to  thir 
eternal  home,  they  will  be  remembered  by  posterity  more  as  matters  of  tradition 
than  of  absolute  written  history. 

The  return  of  Company  K,  Twenty-first  Iowa,  to  Hopkinton,  was  the  occa- 
sion of  a  spontaneous  gathering  of  several  hundred  of  their  friends,  and  the  prep- 
aration of  a  magnificent  reception  dinner.  Mr.  A.  Nash  presided ;  Rev.  Mr. 
Harmen  made  the  reception  speech,  followed  by  William  G.  Hammond  and  Mrs. 
Woodward. 

After  dinner  the  toasts  were  by  Mr.  Hammond,  as  follows  : 

The  Iowa  Volunteers — May  they  ever  be  remembered  with  love  and  gratitude  for  answering  so 
readily  to  the  country's  call ;  for  defending  with  untiring  zeal  the  nation's  honor  and  the  cause  of 
right.  May  their  names  descend  to  posterity  with  those  of  Washington  and  the  heroes  of  the 
Revolution.       * 

Response  by  T.  H.  Bowen. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  4517 

Peace,  Freedom  and  Proaperity — Our  soldiers  have  won  the  first  h-u-  wo>  ♦!,„_  i, 
the.second  by  obedience  to  disoipLe,  and  they  have  merit?d*t ^MrdVh'k^s  "reTf:^^ 
their  country.     May  they  live  long  to  enjoy  all  three.  "luBuips  sunerea  tor 

Response  by  Dr.  Finley. 

Music.  1 

OompanyK,  Twenty-first  Ioma~M^j  its  name  for  valor  and  true  patriotism  in  the  defense  of 
our  country  be  handed  down  to  the  latest  generation.  ueiense  ot 

Response  by  Capt.  A.  Voorhies. 

The  Ninth  Iowa  Infantry— They,  ha.ye  worn  the  blue  on  their  backs  to  save  us  from  having' 
the  blues  in  our  hearts.     May  they  live  to  be  Gray-beards,  but  never  to  be  gray-backs 
No  Response. 

A  strong  hemp  cord  for  the  neck  of  the  leading  traitors,  and  a  pretty  girl's  arm  for  the  neck 
of  every  soldier  of  the  Union.  i^       j  a 

No  response. 

The  Stars  ofrhe  Union— The  South  found,  to  its  dismay,  that  the  Northern  ones  were  shootina 
stars,  and  that  they,  instead  of  being  wanderers,  had  to  remain  fixed  stars. 

Response  by  E.  P.  Weatherby. 

Gretilude— The  debt  we  owe  to  our  soldiers.  May  we  always  aim  toward  paying  •  and  it 
never  will  be  paid. 

The  Soldiers'  Fo<c— The  true  kind  of  "  fire  in  the  rear."  Our  brave  boys  have  conquered  the 
rebels  with  their  bayonets  and  Northern  traitors  with  their  ballots. 

At  dinner,  most  of  the  boys,  by  arrangement  or  otherwise,  had  fair  ones  at 
their  sides,  which  gave  point  to  Dr.  Finley 's  concluding  remark.  After  allud- 
ing to  the  success  and  return  of  the  soldiers,  he  said :  •"  They  are  ready  to  enlist 
in  another  company — I  refer  them  to  the  ladies." 

At  Delhi,  August  3,  1865,  was  a  grand  gala  day,  and  says  the  Dubuque 
Times:  "  A  white  stone  was  deposited  in  the  patriotic  history  of  Delaware."  A 
grand  complimentary  reception  dinner  was  given  to  its  returned  soldiers,  many 
of  whom  were  present,  representing  the  Twenty -first  Infantry  and  Second  and 
Fourth  Cavalry.  Speeches' of  welcome  were  made  by  several  citizens,  to  which 
Col.  S.  G.  Van  Anda,  on  behalf  of  the  veterans,  happily  responded. 

The  toasts  were  as  follows : 

Our  Brave  Soldiers — An  army  first  in  patriotism,  intelligence,  humanity  and  benevolence. 

Response  by  Rev.  Z.  D.  Scobey. 

American  Public  Faith — Implanted  by  the  revolution,  and  tested  by  the  most  gigantic  human 
strife,  has  been  proved  by  the  strong  arm  of  our  soldiery,  pure  and  undying,  the  sheet-anchor  of 
our  country  and  the  hope  of  the  world. 

Response  by  W.  M.  Hartshorn. 
The  Flag  of  our  Country — The  banner  of  Freedom. 

Response  by  J.  M.  Bray  ton. 
The  Veterans  of  the  War  of  181^— Tyro  were  present. 

Response  by  Rev.  Mr.  Root. 
Our  Country — Born  of  our  fathers,  regenerated  by  our  soldiers,  is  immortal. 

Response  by  K.  W.  Kingsley. 

Surgeons  and  Nurses  of  the  Army. 

Response  by  Dr.  Boomer. 
The  Ladies  at  Home — The  Soldiers'  Friend. 

Response  by  Col.  Van  Anda. 


468  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

Battles  and  Bullets — Honor  to  both. 

Response  by  W.  E.  Brown. 

Our  Republican  Instilulions — An  experiment  now  solved,  and  so  solved  as  to  show  they  are- 
stronger  than  any  other  form  of  government. 

Response  by  Z.  A.  Wellman. 

"  Mudsills  and  Oreasy  Mechanics." 

Response  by  G.  W.  J.  Hawes. 

The  Battle  Fields  of  the  Rebellion. 

Response  by  Rev.  Jerome  Allen. 

The  Returned  Sildiers — Welcome  to  our  homes  and  hearts.  May  they  live  to  shake  hands- 
over  the  grave  of  our  Country's  last  enemy. 

Response  by  Dr.  Noyes. 

On  the  ITth  of  November,  1865,  a  beautiful  and  costly  monument  was 
erected  on  the  college  campus  at  Hopkinton  to  the  memory  of  the  soldiers  who- 
enlisted  at  that  place  and  who  perished  in  the  service. 

Forty-four  names  are  inscribed  on  the  monument.  Twenty-four  of  these- 
were  students  of  Lenox  Collegiate  Institute.  The  names  of  the  fallen  heroes- 
who  went  forth  from  this  school  and  died  in  the  service  are  as  follows :  Rev. 
James  W.  McKean,  President  of  the  institute ;  Emory  A.  Smith,  Alfred  C. 
Hines,  both  killed  at  Pea  Ridge  ;  Benjamin  E.  Nash,  Marion  Lathrop,  Wm.  G. 
Glenn,  Samuel  J.  Glenn,  George  F.  Laude,  starved  at  Macon,  Georgia ;  Wm. 
Campbell,  George  Stewart,  Nathan  Holmes,  David  J.  Thompson,  R.  P.  Miller, 
Fred  D.  Gilbert,  Wm.  H.  Jackson,  Matthew  McCurdy,  Mark  Scroggy,  Philip.. 
H.  Butler,  Robert  Fowler;  Amos  Gilbert,  starved  at  Andersonville  ;  William 
Keak,  Chas  H.  Whitney,  D.  Downey,  starved  at  Andersonville ;  J.  L.  Driebel- 
bris,  Merritt  A.  Smith.  Some  of  the  above  were  killed  in  battle,  some  died  in 
the  hospitals,  but  the  saddest  death  of  all  was  that  by  starvation  in  the  rebeB 
prison  pens  of  Macon  and  Andersonville.  The  other  names  inscribed  on  the- 
monument  are  as  follows  :  Wm.  Johnston,  Edward  Mann,  J.  J.  Myers,  Philan- 
der Wilson,  Willis  Willard,  Charles  Walker,  Granville  Hill,  Geo.  W.  Barden, 
G.  W.  Blood,  J.  L.  Pinney,  Alva  Kemp,  W.  A.  Roberts,  J.  B.  Topliffe,  Isaac^ 
Robinson,  Wm.  Haslem,  Edwin  Myers,  Reese  Merrick,  Robert  Risher,  JohnD, 
Blanchard. 

The  names  on  the  monument  are  accompanied 'by  a  brief  statement  of  the- 
age,  date  of  enlistment,  death  and  the  regiment  and  company  to  which  each  be- 
longed. Below  the  names,  on  one  side  of  the  monument,  is  the  following 
inscription : 

"  Erected  by  the  Friends  of  the  Soldiers  from  this  College  and  vicinity,  who 
fell  during  the  Great  Rebellion  of  1861-5." 

On  another  side  is  the  following :  "  Rev.  James  W.  McKean,  President  ofi 
Lenox  Collegiate  Institute,  and  Captain  of  Company  C,  Forty-fifth  Regiment 
Iowa  Volunteers.     Born  April  30,  1833.     Died  July  9,  1864." 

There  was  a  large  assemblage  of  people  to  witness  the  ceremonies.  The 
venerable  Mr.  A.  Nash  presided.  Chaplain  Hill  opened  the  exercises  with  an; 
impressive  prayer.  A  large  choir  furnished  beautiful  and  appropriate  music. 
Maj.  Gen.  Vandever,  of  Dubuque,  was  the  first  speaker. 

The  General's  address  was  followed  by  short  speeches  from  Chaplain  Hill, 
T.  H.  Bowen,  Esq.,  and  other  prominent  gentlemen.  Prof.  Allen  read  a  care- 
fully prepared  statement  of  facts  in  regard  to  the  life,  services  and  death  of 
President  McKean  and  the  twenty-four  noble  young  men  who  represented  the- 
Institute  in  the  army  and  died  in  defense  of  the  national  life. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  459 

An  object  of  special  interest  at  the  meeting  was  the  battle  flag  of  the  Twelfth 
Iowa  Infantry,  faded,  riddled  with  shot  and  stained  with  blopd. 

A  company  of  soldiers,  under  command  of  Capt.  Taylor,  added  to  the  interest 
of  the  exercises  by  their  evolutions,  firing,  etc. 

A  bountiful  dinner  was  provided  in  the  College  building,  and  great  pains 
taken  to  welcome  and  render  comfortable  the  considerable  number  of  persons 
present  from  distant  towns,  as  well  as  the  many  who  came  from  all  the  surround- 
ing country. 

The  monument  is  about  twenty  feet  high  and  cost  $1,100.     - 

EDUCATIONAL. 

The  first  schools  taught  in  Delaware  County  were  private  or  subscription 
schools.  Their  accommodations,  as  may  be  readily  supposed,  were  not  good. 
Sometimes  they  were  taught  in  small  log  houses  erected  for  the  purpose.  Stoves 
and  such  heating  apparatus  as  are  in  use  now  were  unknown.  A  mud  and 
stick  chimney  in  one  end  of  the  building,  with  earthen  hearth,  with  a  fire-place 
wide  enough  and  deep  enough  to  take  in  a  four  feet  back  log,  and  smaller  wood 
to  match,  served  for  warming  purposes  in  Winter  and  a  kind  of  conservatory  in 
Summer.  For  windows,  part  of  a  log  was  cut  out  in  either  side,  and  maybe  a 
few  panes  of  eight  by  ten  glass  set  in,  or,  just  as  likely  as  not,  the  aperture  would 
be  covered  over  with  greased  paper.  Writing  benches  were  made  of  wide  planks, 
or,  maybe,  puncheons  resting  on  pins  or  arms  driven  into  two-inch  augur  holes 
bored  into  the  logs  beneath  the  windows.  Seats  were  made  out  of  thick  planks 
or  puncheons ;  flooring  was  made  of  the  same  kind  of  stuiF.  Everything  was 
rude  and  plain,  but  many  of  America's  greatest  men  have  gone  out  from  just 
such  school  houses  to  grapple  with  the  world  and  make  a  name  for  themselves, 
and  names  that  come  to  be  an  honor  to  their  country.  In  other  cases,  private 
rooms  and  parts  of  private  houses  were  utilized  as  school  houses,  but  the  furni- 
ture was  just  as  plain. 

But  all  these  things  are  changed  now.  A  log  school  house  in  Iowa  is  a 
rarity.  Their  places  are  filled  with  handsome  frame  or  brick  structures.  The 
rude  furniture  has  also  given  way,  and  the  old  school  books,  the  "  Popular 
Reader,"  the  "  English  Reader  "  (the  finest  literary  compilation  ever  known  in 
American  schools),  and  "  Webster's  Elementary  Spelling  Book,"  are  superseded 
by  others  of  greater  pretensions.  The  old  spelling  classes  and  spelling  matches 
have  followed  the  old  school  houses,  until  they  are  remembered  only  in  name. 
Of  her  school  system  Iowa  can  justly  boast.  It  has  sent  out  a.  large  number  of 
representative  men  whose  names  are  as  familiar  to  the  nation  as  they  are  in  the 
histories  of  the  counties  and  neighborhoods  in  which  they  once  lived.  While  the 
State  has  extended  such  fostering  care  to  the  interests  of  education,  the  several 
counties  have  been  no  less  zealous  and  watchful  in  the  management  of  this  vital 
interest.  And  Delaware  County  forms  no  exception  to  the  rule.  The  school 
houses  and  their  furnishings  are  in  full  keeping  with  the  spirit  of  the  law  that 
provides  for  their  maintenance  and  support.  The  teachers  rank  high  among  the 
otherlthousands  of  teachers  in  the  State,  and  the  several  County  Superintendents, 
since  the  office  of  Superintendent  was  made  a  part  of  the  school  system,  have 
been  chosen  with  especial  reference  to  their  fitness  for  the  position. 

It  is  impossible  to  find  correct  reports  of  educational  matters  in  this  county 
prior  to  1858,  when  the  Seventh  General  Assembly  passed  "An  act  for  the 
Public  Instruction  of  the  State  of  Iowa,"  and  organized  the  present  school  sys- 
tem     By  this  act,  which  went  into  force  March  20,  1858,  each  civil  township 


i60 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 


was  made  a  school  district,  and  the  number  of  districts  and  district  officers  was 
thus  greatly  reduced.  By  the  same  act,  the  office  of  County  Superintendent  of 
Schools  was  created,  and  appropriations  made  in  aid  of  Teachers'  Institutes. 

The  first  Teachers'  Institute  held  in  the  county,  of  which  any  recollection 
remains,  was  at  Delhi  early  in  the  year  1860.  The  only  item  of  information  to 
be  gathered  in  regard  to  this  meeting  is,  that  S.  L.  Doggett,  Esq.,  of  Manches- 
ter, one  of  the  pioneer  teachers  of  the  county,  gave  an  address  during  its  prog- 
ress. ^  , 

The  second  Teachers'  Institute  was  held  at  Manchester,  in  1863,  presided 
over  by  Superintendent  McCreery,  and  attended  by  some  sixty  teachers.  The 
instructors  were  Prof.  Hudson,  author  of  a  series  of  school  readers  and  a  noted 
teacher  of  elocution ;  A.  S.  Kissell,  afterward  State  Superintendent,  and  Prof. 
J.  C.Pickard,  one  of  the  Faculty  in  the  Wisconsin  State  University.  After 
that  date,  the  sessions  of  the  Institute  have  been  held  annually,  and  have  done 
much  to  inspire  the  teachers  with  greater  interest  and  ma.ke  their  work  more 
uniform  and  efficient.  The  old  Institute  system,  however,  had  many  defects, 
and  about  1870,  there  was  a  general  demand  for  something  better  and  more 
effective.  In  1872-3,  a  few  counties,  among  them  Delaware,  tried  the  experir 
ment  of  longer  terms  and  a  regular  qourse  of  study. 

In  1873,  Superintendent  W.  H.  Merten  called  the  teachers  of  the  county 
together  at  Delaware,  and  organized  a  Normal  Institute  of  four  weeks,  in  charge 
of  Prof.  Wernli,  late  Principal  of  the  German-English  Normal  School,  at 
Galena,  111.  Seventy-one  teachers  were  enrolled,  and  worked  faithfully  through 
the  entire  session.  It  is  estimated  that  this  one  Institute  raised  the  standard 
of  teachers  at  least  20  per  cent,  over  the  entire  county.  '  In  1874,  the  Fifteenth 
General  Assembly  enacted  a  law  providing  for  the  establishment  of  an  Annual 
Normal  Institute  in  each  county,  and  making  an  annual  appropriation  of  |50 
to  each.  In  addition  to  this  appropriation,  to  defray  expenses  each  teacher 
pays  a  fee  of  $1.00  for  certificate,  and  an  enrollment  fee  of  $1.00. 

"No  part  of  the  admirable  common  school  system  of  Iowa,"  says  Superin- 
tendent Bwart,  "  has  done  so  much  for  education  as  the  Normal  Institute.  The 
results  are  a  much  higher  standard  of  teachers  each  successive  year ;  more 
system  and  thoroughness  in  school  work,  and  a  greater  interest  on  the  part  of 
both  teachers  and  people." 

During  the  last  five  years,  ending  1878,  great  improvements  have  been  made 
in  school  buildings.  Each  town  in  the  county  has  a  beautiful  and  comfortable 
school  house,  and  most  of  the  houses  in  the  country  are  also  in  good  repair. 
Proper  and  necessary  apparatus  and  libraries  are  still  scarce,  but  will  no  doubt 
be  supplied  at  the  earliest  opportunity. 

Following  is  a  list  of  Teachers'  Institutes,  places,  when  held,  and  conductors, 
since  1864 : 


1864 
1865 
1866 
1866 
1867 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 


WHEKE  HELD 

Manchester 

Earlville 

Earlville 

Earlville 

Manchester 

Hopkinton , 

Manchester 

Earlville 

Manchester 

Delhi 


OONDnCTOR. 


A.  S.  Kissell.... 

J.  Piper 

J.  L.  Enos 

J.  Piper 

J.  Piper 

J.  Piper 

D.  I>.  Babcook. 

J.  Piper 

J.  Piper 

W.  H.  Merteu.. 


ATTENDANCE. 


60 
30 
50 

60 

44 

100 

142 

125 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY 
NORMAL   INSTITUTES. 


461 


DATE. 

WHERE    HELD. 

CONDUCTOR. 

ATTENDANCE. 

1873 

Delaware 

J.  Wernli.... 

71 
172 

120 
165 

207 

1874 

Manchester 

J.  Wernli 

1875 

Earlville 

J.  Wernli  .                ' 

1876 

Delhi 

T.  H.  McBride 

1877 

Manchester 

W.  M.  Wilcox 

The  first  Superintendent  of  Schools  in  Delaware  was  H.  N.  Gates,  elected 
April  5,  1858 ;  the  second  was  Ezra  F.  Chase,  elected  October  11,  1859,  and 
whose  term  of  office  commenced  January,  1860. 

The  following  abstracts  from  the  Superintendent's  report  for  1860,  1865, 
1870  and  1875,  will  show  the  progress  of  the  educational  interests  of  the  county 
since  the  period  when  records  are  accessible : 


Township  districts 

Independent    " 

Sub  " 

Ungraded  schools 

Graded  "       

Average  duration^ — months 

Number  male  teachers 

Number  female      "      

Average  compensation — males 

"  "  females 

Number  persons  between  ages  of  5  and  21  years — males... 

"  "  "  "     5    "    21      "        females 

Pupils  enrolled 

Average  attendance 

At  cost  of  tuition,  per  pupil 

School  houses — frame 

"  "         brick 


"  "         stone 

log 

Value  of  School  Houses 

Value  of  apparatus 

Number  of  volumes,  library 

Total  amount  expenses  for  school  purposes.. 


1860 


16 


96 


6.3 

67 

107 

$19  52 

12  84 

2229 

2016 

3561 

2321 

$1  58 

58 

9 

2 

8 

$25,234 

66 


$13,781 


1865 


16 


115 


6.3 
40 

77 


2599 

2555 

4107 

3332 

$1  64 

78 

13 

2 

4 

$33,346 

1,641.89 

5 

$23,010 


1870 


1875 


16 


111 

116 

2 

7 

75 

149 

$37  72 

24  64 

3238 

3119 

4313 

3813 


$78,050 

2,344 

2 

$32,857 


14 

22 

101 

118 

4 

7.2 

73 

180 

$38  85 

25  19 

3188 

3191 

4850 

3191 

$1  58 

106 

16 

3 

1 

$105,446 

1,347 

3 

$51,681 


The  present  County  Superintendent  of  Schools  is  R.  M.  Ewart,.who  was 
first  elected  in  October,  1875,  and  re-elected  in  October,  1877.  From  Mr. 
Ewart's  report  for  1877,  to  the  State  Superintendent,  we  extract  the  foUowmg: 


Number  of  districts  in  township 

Number  of  sub-districts 

Number  of  independent  districts 

Total  number  of  school  districts 

Number  of  ungraded  schools 

Number  of  graded  schools 

Average  number  of  months  taught 

Number  of  male  teachers 

Number  of  female  leachers 

Average  compensation  per  month  to  male  teachers *3(2 

Average  compensation  per  month  to  female  teachers ^oj  a^ 


14 

102 

21 

123 

113 

6 

7.25 

75 

182 


3,200 
3,159 


Number  of  male  pupils  between  5  and  21  years  of  age 

Number  of  female  pupils  between  5  and  21  years  of  age ^  ^^^ 

Number  of  pupils  enrolled 3144 

Total  average  attendance ' 


Average  cost  of  tuition  for  each  pupil  per  month  . 


$1  58 


462  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

Number  of  frame  school  houses 102 

Number  brick  school  houses 16 

Number  of  stone  school  houses 6 

Total  value  of  school  buildings $109,981 

Total  value  of  apparatus "• 1,798 

Number  of- volumes  in  Libraries 486 

School  House  Fund — 

Total  receipts  during  the  year |12,854  66 

Paid  for  school  houses  and  school  sites 6,654  82 

Paid  on  bonds  and  interest 3,183  37 

Amount  on  hand 3,276  47 

€0NTINGENT    FuND — 

Total  receipts  during  the  year 14,907  09 

Paid  for  repairing  school  houses 2,078  81 

Paid  for  fuel 3,840  80 

Paid  Secretaries 577  25 

Paid  Treasurers 467  50 

Paid  for  records  and  apparatus 348  95 

Paid  for  various  purposes  .., 2,893  04 

Amount  on  hand 4,708  74 

Teacheks'  Fund — 

Total  receipts 52,578  54 

Paid  teachers 34,426  10 

Amount  on  hand 18,092  44 

Number  of  teachers'  receiving  certificates  of  first  grade 23 

Number  of  teachers  receiving  certificates  of  second  grade 155 

Number  of  teachers  receiving  certificates  of  third  grade 30 

Total  number  of  certificates  granted 208 

Number  of  applicants  rejected 

Number  of  applicants  examined 278 

Average  age  of  male  teachers,  to  whom  certificates  were  granted 23.4 

Average  age  of  female  teachers  to  whom  certificates  were  granted 19.8 

Number  of  teachers  who  have  had  no  experience ».  64 

Number  who  have  taught  less  than  one  year 33 

Number  of  schools  visited  by  County  Superintendent 117 

Number  of  visits  made  during  the  year 239 

Number  of  educational  meetings 8 

Appeals , 1 

Amount  received  by  County  Superintendent,  for  services  from  October  1, 

1876,  to  October  1,  1877 $1,200  00 

Lenox  College — Number  of  teachers,  8;  pupils 200 

Catholic  School  at  Petersburg — Number  of  teachers,  1  ;  pupils 50 

Number  of  graded  schools 8 

THE   BOWBN   COLLEGIATE   INSTITUTE,   AT   HOPKINTON. 

The  date  of  the  first  meeting  of  the  citizens  of  Hopkinton,  for  the  purpose 
of  founding  an  institution  of  learning  at  their  town,  is  lost,  owing  to  the  neg- 
lect of  the  Secretary  to  record  it,  but  the  meeting  adjourned  to  September  6th, 
1855.  At  the  first  meeting,  a  committee  of  organization  was  chosen,  composed 
of  Messrs.  W.  P.  Cunningham,  Henry  A.  Carter,  James  Kilpatrick,  Leroy 
Jackson,  William  Holt,  J.  G.  I)iff"enderfer,  James  R.  Whittaker,  William  L. 
Roberts,  Joseph  Porter,  Phineas  Allyn,  Harrison  Hill,  L.  0.  Stevens,  H. 
Jackson  and  R.  Jackson.  In  March,  1856,  Messrs.  W.  P.  Cunningham,  L. 
Jackson,  James  Kilpatrick,  Isaac  Littlefield  and  L.  0.  Stevens  were  chosen  a 
committee  "  to  draft  (a  plan  for)  and  build  the  house,"  and  were  also  "instructed 
to  contract  (for)  one  hundred  thousand  brick."  Soon  after  this  meeting,  Ohaun- 
cey  T.  Bowen,  of  Chicago,  who  was  in  Hopkinton  on  business,  said  to  his  brother 
(Asa  C),  in  a  half  jocular  manner,  that  he  would  contribute  $500  toward  the 


HISIORY  OP  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  463 

anstitution,  if  its  projectors  would  allow  him  to  name  it.  Asa  0.  Bowen  men- 
tioned the  proposition  to  some  of  the  leading  spirits  of  the  enterprise,  who 
determined  to  take  the  Bowens  at  their  word,  and  requested  Asa  C.  to  conclude 
the  matter  for  them.  Accordingly,  June  22d,  the  money  was  paid  over,  the 
future  school  namid  "  Bowen  Collegiate  Institute,"  and  a  constitution  adopted 
August  22d. 

September  21st,  the  first  Board  of  Trustees  was  elected,  it  being  composed 
of  H.  A.  Carter,  W.  P.  Cunningham,  Leroy  Jackson,  Edmund  Davis,  James 
Kilpatrick,  Asa  C.  Bowen,  W.  A.  Roberts,  Christian  Myers,  I.  Littlefield,  H. 
R.  Jackson,  William  Holt,  William  Morrison,  Jerome  Davis,  J.  B.  Whittaker, 
Japob  Diffenderfer  and  William  Robinson.  The  three  first  named  were  the 
President,  Secretary  and  Treasurer. 

The  subscription  fund  was  not  to  exceed  $1,500,  including  Bowe;ti's,  and  a 
portion  of  it  was  never  collected.  Mr.  Kilpatrick  burned  the  brick  in  the  Fall 
•of  1856,  and  the  walls  were  laid  and  the  building  roofed  in  1857.  The  struc- 
ture was  40x60  feet  in  size,  two  stories  high,  and  when  finished,  contained  four 
rooms  on  the  first  floor,  and  the  upper  story  contained  a  spacious  chapel,  two 
recitation  rooms  and  a  music  room.  The  building  committee  found  their  re- 
sources exhausted  when  the  walls  were  laid,  and  Messrs.  Carter  Jackson,  and 
Kilpatrick  signed  a  note  for  $900  to  make  up  the  deficiency,  which  they  after- 
ward paid  out  of  their  own  pockets.  The  building  stood  untouched  from  the 
J'all  of  1857  until  some  time  late  in  1858,  and  was  pronounced  a  failure  by 
many  who  had  been  eager  to  see  the  enterprise  begun.  Although  a  little  sore 
■over  the  $900  note,  Messrs.  Carter  and  Jackson  consulted  and  found  that  both 
had  some  seasoned  lumber  and  Carter  had  plenty  of  village  lots.  Mr.  Carter 
traded  some  lots  to  various  mechanics  for  work,  and  by  donating  the  lumber 
he  succeeded  in  removing  the  stigma  of  failure  from  the  enterprise.  Carter 
even  boarded  part  of  the  workmen.  To  obtain  the  nails  and  glass,  a  festival 
was  given  which  netted  about  $70,  and  to  help  on  the  good  work,  a  ball  was  given 
in  the  building  July  4th,  1859,  which  drew  the  young  people  from  all  directions, 
who  left  about  $150  for  the  building  fund.  By  these  various  means  the  build- 
ing was  so  far  completed  that  it  was  possible  to  use  it  for  school  purposes. 
Accordingly,  Rev.  Jerome  Allen  and  Miss  Lucy  A.  Cooley,  the  lattpr  then 
Jiving  in  New  York  State,  were  invited  to  open  a  school  in  the  rooms  then 
ready.  Miss  Cooley  (now  Mrs.  Finley)  says  she  arrived  in  Hopkinton  August 
31st,  1859,  and  school  commenced  next  day. 

The  plasterers  had  just  left  the  assembly  room  in  the  second  story  when 
the  school  opened,  and  the  mop-boards  were  put  on  in  the  rooms  occupied  by 
the  school  after  it  began.  The  boxes  containing  the  unused  lime  were  still 
standing  where  the  plasterers  had  left  them.  But  the  teachers  and  pupils  were 
glad  to  go  on.  , , 

The  Athenian  Literary  Society  was  organized  during  the  first  term.  Mr. 
Finley  recalls  the  names  of  Messrs.  Perley  Albrook  and  Austin  Cook  as  mem- 
bers of  the  society,  and  Henry  C.  Jackson  adds  Wm.  Hill,  M  W  Harnion, 
Robert  Fowler  and  himself.  When  the  weather  began  to  grow  cold,  the  teachers 
and  the  forty  pupils  contributed  from  their  own  resources  to  procure  stoves. 

The  Winter  term  commenced  Dec.  1st,  and  Mr.  E.  0.  Taylor  was  engaged 
to  teach  mathematics,  and  Justus  Houser,  one  of  the  students,  gave  instruction 
in  German.  A  festival  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  funds  to  purchase  a  bell 
was  held  in  the  chapel  the  next  evening.  There  is  now  no  means  left  to  ascer- 
tain the  exact  attendance  of  students  at  the  Winter  and  Spring  terms,  but  it  is 
■certain  that  the  school  increased  rapidly  in  numbers  and  m  grade.     Among  tne 


464  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUI^rY. 

ninety-eight  students  enrolled  in  the  Fall  term  of  1860  were  John  W.  Corbin, 
whose  birth  was  the  third  in  Delaware  County,  and  who  was  Sheriff  in  1876  and 
1877  ;  Merrit  W.  Harmon,  now  State  Senator  from  Buchanan  County  ;  E.  P. 
Weatherbee,  now  a  Judge  of  Probate  in  Nebraska ;  Mary  E.  Walker,  who  had 
come  West  to  secure  a  divorce  from  her  husband.  * 

The  whole  community  of  Hopkinton  was  agitated  during  1861  and  1862, 
by  various  matters  growing  out  of  the  college  and  its  management.  The  first 
trouble  was  created  by  Mary  E.  Walker,  who  wanted  to  share  in  the  rhetorical 
exercises  provided  for  the  gentlemen,  and  also  desired  to  study  German.  Misa 
Cooley  was  opposed  to  the  idea  of  young  ladies  declaiming,  and  refused  Mary's 
request  unconditionally.  As  for  German,  there  was  then  no  teacher.  Mary 
began  to  work  upon  the  young  men  to  obtain  their  help  to  secure  the  coveted 
privilege  of  going  on  the  rostrum,  and  readily  secured  their  sympathy.  She 
was  then  ready  for  mischief,  and  announced  to  the  teachers  that  she  had  come 
to  study  German,  and  that  if  they  did  not  provide  her  a  teacher  she  would 
publish  far  and  wide  that  they  were  advertising  what  they  did  not.  and  could 
not  perform.  Meantime,  the  young  men  of  the  village  had  organized  a  debating 
society,  and  Mary  attended  one  evening.  She  was  a  faithful  listener,  and 
before  the  meeting  closed  called  for  the  reading  of  the  by-laws,  and  asked  to  be 
admitted  a  member.  She  was  promptly  voted  in,  and  assigned  a  place  in  the 
debate  for  the  next  meeting.  This  came  to  the  ears  of  the  faculty,  and  Miss 
Cooley  ordered  her  not  to  attend.  Mary  went,  however,  taking  her  place  in 
the  discussion,  but  with  indifferent  success.  The  next  day,  at  Miss  Oooley's 
request.  Miss  Mary  was  suspended,  and  all  the  young  men  but  two  valorously 
gathered  up  their  books  and  left  with  her.  They  formed  a  procession  in  front 
of  the  building,  marched  down  town  with  the  little  mischief-maker  at  their 
head,  and  paraded  several  streets.  The  young  men  were  also  suspended,  but 
soon  repented  and  asked  for  permission  to  go  back,  stipulating,  however,  that 
their  Amazonian  captain  should  be  allowed  to  return  also  ;  but  this  was  refused. 
The  young  men  then  surrendered  unconditionally,  and  Mary  was  permanently 
suspended.  The  young  woman  remained  for  some  time  afterward,  and  assisted 
Dr.  Cunningham  occasionally  in  his  practice.  A  few  other  citizens  befriended 
her  for  a  time.  Her  portrait  is  preserved,  and  indicates  a  rathej  pretty  face. 
Her  dress  was  then,  as  now,  of  the  most  pronounced  Bloomer  type. 

The  next  trouble  had  no  comic  features  to  relieve  it,  and  the  lapse  of  time 
only  has  softened  the  bitterness  of  the  feud.  Prof.  Allen  was  the  cause  of  a 
scandal,  or  the  victim  of  a  slander,  it  is  needless  to  say  which,  that  called  for  an 
investigation  by  the  church,  of  which  he  was  also  the  Pastor.  He  was  formally 
acquitted,  but  the  gossip  hurt  his  standing  in  the  school  and  community.  Many 
patrons  of  the  school  urged  against  him  in  addition  that  he  was  managing  the 
school  according  to  his  own  ideas  rather  than  according  to  the  rules  prescribed, 
by  the  Trustees — that  he  was  really  conducting  a  sectarian  school  backed  by  the 
prestige  and  the  name  of  the  Bowen  Collegiate  Institute.  The  members  of  the- 
Presbyterian  'Church,  which  was  a  large  and  influential  body,  were  fully  con- 
vinced of  Mr.  Allen's  innocence  in  the  matter  of  the  scandal,  were  well  satis- 
fied with  him  as  principal  of  the  school,  and  resolutely  defended'  him.  The- 
worldly-minded  citizens,  assisted  by  a  few  members  of  the  Covenanters'  Church, 
determined  to  have  Mr.  Allen  ousted,  and  the  crisis  was  reached  at  the  election 
for  Trustees,  March  18th,  1862.  Mr.  Carter,  the  President,  becoming  satisfied 
that  Mr.  Allen's  supporters  were  outnumbered,  gathered  up  the  books  and  papers 
and  left  the  meeting.  The  opposition  organized  the  meeting,  and  elected  as 
Trustees  P.  H.  Warner,  W.  P.  Cunningham,  E.  Davis,  J.  H.  Campbell,  William 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  465 

Ireland,  W.  A.  Roberts,  Duncan  Livingston,  William  Holt,  D.  E.  Fuller,  Chas. 
A.  Bell,  Jas.  Kilpatrick,  H.  A.  Carter,  L.  Jackson,  Asa  C.  Bowen  and  T.  H. 
Bowen.  The  meeting  voted  to  dismiss  Prof.  Allen  and  Prof.  Taylor,  and  elected 
Rev.  Mr.  Brown,  of  Dyersville,  and  W.  G.  Hammond  to  take  their  places. 
The  Trustees  were  directed  to  prescribe  rules  for  the  government  of  the  school, 
and  to  see  that  it  was  conducted  in  conformity  with  the  articles  of  incorporation. 
It  was  also  voted  to  cancel  the  degree  of  A.  B.,  which  had  been  conferred  upon 
Prof.  Taylor  the  year  before.  The  Treasurer  elect,  Mr.  Davis,  soon  after  de- 
manded the  books  of  the  ofSce  from  Mr.  Jackson,  but  that  gentleman  refused  to- 
let  him  have  them,,  saying  he  had  bought  them  and  paid  for  them  out  of  his  own 
pocket.  Messrs.  Jackson  and  Carter  proceeded  to  finish  the  building  in  accord- 
ance with  some  previous  arrangement,  and  Mr.  Carter  brought  suit  against  the 
college  corporation  on  his  liens,  to  which  Mr.  Jackson,  in  behalf  of  that  body, 
confessed  judgment  without  mentioning  the  matter  to  the  other  Trustees,  thus 
placing  the  ownership  of  the  property  in  Mr.  Carter's  hands.  This  rendered 
nugatoiy  the  result  of  the  election,  although  the  enemies  of  Mr.  Allen  endeav- 
ored to  have  the  matter  re-opened,  and  on  the  application  of  Dr.  Roberts  the- 
case  was  sent  to  Anamosa,  but  on  the  retirement  of  Judge  Wilson,  it  was  trans- 
ferred back  to  Delhi,  where  it  was  allowed  to  slip  from  the  docket  into  oblivion. 
This  action  of  Messrs.  Carter  and  Jackson  was  severely  criticised  at  the 
time,  and  is  not  excused  to  this  day  by  those  who  were  concerned  in  the  raid 
upon  Mr.  Allen,  for  the  reason  that  the  foreclosure  proceedings  shut  out  the 
minor  stockholders.  But  the  transfer  of  the  property  made  practicable  another 
transfer,  which  had  been  undertaken  by  Prof.  Allen  in  1860,  who  had  declared 
that  C.  T.  Bowen  must  do  more  for  the  school  or  the  name  would  be  changed. 
A  printed  circular  for  1861  announces  the  school  to  be  under  the  supervision  of 
the  Synod  of  Iowa,  North.  How  this  came  about  is  made  clear  from  the 
minutes  of  the  Synod  of  Iowa.  At  the  meeting  of  the  Synod,  Sept.  22,  1860, 
the  officers  of  the  College,  through  Prof.  Allen,  requested  the  appointment  of  a 
committee  to  confer  with  them  in  relation  to  "  a  tender  to  Synod  of  the  over- 
sight and  control  of  said  institute;"  whereupon  Rev.  J.  L.  Wilson,  James 
Kirk  and  A.  S.  Marshall  were  appointed  to  confer  with  the  "  powers  that  be  of 
said  Institute,  and  report  at  our  next  meeting."  Sept.  27,  1861,  the  proposi- 
tion from  the  College  Trustees  was  presented  by  the  committee,  and  the  follow- 
ing acceptance  made : 

To  the  Stockholders  of  the  Bowen  Collegiate  Institul'-  : 

Gentlemen — The  Synod  of  Iowa  have  received,  with  gratitude,  your  liberal  offer  to  them  of 
your  Institute.  We  highly  appreciate  your  noble  efforts  in  the  cause  of  education,  and  are 
greatly  gratified  at  the  preference  for  our  body  which  you  have  shown  in  making  your  proposi- 
tion to  us.  At  the  same  time  we  cannot  but  feel  that,  as  Christian  men  and  as  a  part  of  the 
church  of  God,  in  the  present  dark  and  uncertain  state  of  affairs,  it  would  be  morally  wrong  for 
us  to  place  ourselves  in  any  position  in  which  we  would  be  at  all  liable  to  assume  any  new 
pecuniary  obligations.  Most  of  our  churches  are  involved,  to  a  greater  or  leas  extent,  and  will, 
probably,  have  all  they  can  do  to  take  care  of  themselves  at  present.  Our  missionary  fields  are 
already  suffering  severely  and  calling  loudly  for  aid,  and  what  is  before  us  we  cannot  tell. 
Under  these  circumstances,  we  feel  that  we  can  go  no  farther  than  submit  to  you  the  following 
proposition.  We  are  willing  to  undertake  the  supervision  of  your  Institution  as  far  as  may  be 
desirable  on  your  part,  for  the  present.  The  Synod  will,  from  year  to  year,  appoint  such  a  propor- 
tion of  Trustees  from  our  own  body  as  you  may  desire,  provided  it  be  a  majority.  We  will  give  you 
the  benefit  of  our  name  and  influence  among  our  churches.  We  will  appoint  a  visiting  commit- 
tee, which  shall  present  an  annual  report  to  Synod  of  the  operations  and  condition  of  your  Insti- 
tution. The  title  of  all  property  of  the  Institution  shall  remain  in  the  hands  of  its  present  Trus- 
tees or  of  any  others  who  may  be  appointed  by  them,  and  the  Synod  will  in  no  wise  be  liable  for 
any  pecuniary  obligations 

This  plan  of  supervision  may  be  abrogated  at  the  will  of  either  body.  And  if,  at  any  future 
time,  the  Synod  can  conscientiously  see  its  way  clear  to  assume  nearer  relations  to  your  Instil  u- 
tion,  if  it  be  your  desire,  they  will  then  do  so.  In  the  meantime,  we  commend  you  to  the  favor- 
of  God,  and  bid  you  go  forward. 


466  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

The  Synod  passed  a  resolution  authorizing  a  committee,  composed  of  Rev. 
A.  A.  E.  Taylor,  Rev.  J.  D.  Mason,  Rev.  B.  L.  Doddes,  Hon.  T.  S.  Wilson 
and  Thompson  Bell,  to  submit  the  above  to  the  stockholders,  and  on  its  accept- 
ance, by  the  terms  of  the  resolution,  the  gentlemen  just  named  became  Trustees 
•on  behalf  of  the  Synod. 

September  12,  1862,  the  committee  reported  that  the  above  had  been 
accepted  by  a  vote  of  the  stockholders. ,  The  committee  say  that  a  Freshman 
class  of  six  had  been  begun  in  the  Fall  term,  but  that  five  of  the  number  had 
enlisted  in  the  volunteer  service.  The  school  had  prospered,  however,  in  spite 
of  the  opposition  of  some  enemies.  At  the  next  meeting  of  the  Synod,  a  deed 
of  the  property,  freed  of  incumbrance,  would  be  offered,  provided  that  body 
would  assume  control,  and  also  constitute  Messrs.  Carter,  Jackson  and  Kilpat- 
rick  Trustees  for  life. 

March  18,  1863,  Prof  Allen  and  Prof.  Taylor  resigned  the  places  they  had 
held  nearly  four  years,  and  James  W.  McKean,  a  graduate  of  a  Pennsylvania 
college,  was  elected  President.  The  Trustees  passed  suitable  resolutions  of 
regret  at  parting  with  the  gentlemen  who  were  retiring.  In  September,  the 
Trustees  voted  to  rent  the  apparatus  owned  by  Prof.  Taylor,  and  Prof.  Allen 
and  Mr.  Carter  were  authorized  to  transfer  the  apparatus,  furniture,  etc.,  of  the 
defunct  Alexander  College,  at  Dubuque,  which  had  been  ordered  by  the  Synod 
to  be  removed  to  the  Bowen  Collegiate  Institute. 

The  Athenian  Literary  Society  came  very  near  dying  by  the  enlistmenta 
in  1861  and  1862,  but  was  resuscitated  October  24,  1862,  with  a  membership 
composed  of  E.  P.  Couser,  A.  Sutherland,  A.  McKean,  D.  D.  Griggs  and  D. 
J.  Bdgington,  who  chose  Profs.  Allen  and  Taylor  as  honorary  members.  The 
nucleus  of  the  society  library  was  formed  at  the  close  of  the  Spring  term  of 
1863,  by  the  purchase  of  Hume's  and  Macauley's  histories,  which  cost  $4.80. 
The  library  now  numbers  over  seven  hundred  volumes.  The  honorary  mem- 
bership includes  the  names  of  0.  B.  Aldrich,  Hon.  Samuel  J.  Kirkwood,  Rev, 
James  Wright,  Hon.  Richard  Yates,  Rev.  James  W.  McKean,  Rev.  Merrit 
Harmon,  Rev.  William  Roberts,  D.  D.;  H.  C.  McKean,  H.  A.  Carter,  L. 
Jackson,  James  Kilpatrick,  J.  L.  McCreery,  Hon.  John  Russell,  W.  G.  Ham- 
mond, John  B.  Votter,  Hon.  Owen  Lovejoy,.  C.  Deulinger,  J.  D.  Mason,  Gen. 
William  Vandever,  Rev.  Samuel  Hodge,  Prof.  Wm.  Elude,  Prof.  Samuel 
Colvin,  Prof  D.  H.  Coulter,  Col.  Samuel  Pollock,  W.  Brown  Mayes,  L.  L. 
Ayers,  John  Ferguson,  J.  H.  McBride  and  Alex.  McKean,  The  society 
established  a  periodical  in  1876,  calling  it  the  Athenian  Enterprise,  and  which 
compares  well  with  the  papers  issued  from  other  colleges.  The  society  has  been 
in  a  healthy  condition  since  1864. 

May  6,  1864,  President  McKean  tendered  his  resignation,  the  reasons  for 
which  are  quaintly  and  touchingly  given  in  the  following  resolution,  passed  by 
the  Trustees : 

R'sohed,  That,  as  it  appears  from  the  report  of  the  President,  that  all  the  male  students 
except  four  have  volunteered  into  the  army,  that  as  the  President  has  resigned,  and  the  female 
students  have  left,  and  the  operations  of  the  Institution  have  been  temporarily  suspended  in  con- 
sequence, we  therefore  make  no  effort  to  resume  operations  the  present  term,  but  that  the  Insti- 
tution shall  recommence  at  the  regular  time  for  the  commencement  of  the  Fall  term,  the  last 
Wednesday  in  August. 

Prof.  McKean  put  his  own  name  on  the  muster  roll  his  students  had  signed, 
*and  was  chosen  Captain  of  the  company.  But  his  system  would  not  conform 
to  camp  duties  and  fare,  and  he  died  at  Memphis,  Tenn.,  at  the  early  age  of 
SI  years.  Prof.  McKean's  manners  were  most  winning,  and  it  is  doubtful  if 
any  student  under  him  could  have  failed  both  to  love  and  respect  him. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  467 

In  July,  Rev.  James  D.  Mason  was  chosen  President,  his  pay  to  be  the 
Teceipts  for  tuition. 

October  8,  the  Synod  changed  the  name  to  "  Lenox  Collegiate  Institute," 
which  action  was  ratified  by  the  Tru,stees  the  same  day.  This  act  revived  to  a 
certain  extent  the  feeling  created  in  the  Allen  difficulty,  and  both  Synod  and 
Trustees  were  blamed  for  dropping  the  name  that  had  been  formally  accepted 
and  paid  for  when  it  was  a  question  whether  the  school  could  be  established  or 
not.     The  Synod  passed  the  following : 

Ee'olved,  That  we  recommend  Lenox  Collegiate  Institute  to  the  churches  as  worthy  of  their 
patronage,  and  recommend  it  to  their  liberality  in  any  effort  which  the  Trustees  may  make  to 
Tender  the  Institution  permanent,  by  procuring  apparatus  and  an  endowment. 

Mesolved,  That  we  also  recommend  the  Board  of  Trustees  to  the  favor  of  the  Board  of  Educa- 
tion in  order  to  procure  assistance  in  endowing  the  Institution  from  Eastern  churches. 

Rev.  Mr.  Mason  resigned  his  place,  from  pique  toward  some  of  the  students, 
wh6  claimed  they  could  make  no  progress,  owing  to  his  want  of  attention,  and 
Rev.  Mr.  Allen  was  again  placed  in  charge,  not  without  stirring  up  the  old  feud, 
for  June  27,  1865,  the  students  petitioned  the  Trustees  not  to  remove  him. 
Samuel  Calvin,  now  Professor  of  Natural  Sciences  in  the  State  University,,  was 
■chosen  Professor  of  Mathematics  during  this  term,  and  Rev.  Mr.  Hodge  had 
already  been  given  the  chair  of  Languages. 

The  Minervian  Society  appears  to  have  been  organized  in  1865.  The  offi- 
cers in  March,  1866,  were  Lu.  L.  Diffenderfer,  President;  Amanda  Marshall, 
Vice  President ;  Belle  Douglass,  Recording  Secretary ;  Ella  J.  Dunlap,  Corre- 
sponding Secretary;  Mary  A.  Carl,  Librarian;  Mattie  C.  Smith,  Mary  E. 
Slemmons,  Anna  M.  Snyder,  Directresses.  Among  the  members  were  Julia 
Loomis,  Sarah  B.  Scobey  and  Mattie  A.  Jackson. 

The  Minervians  gave  an  exhibition  March  13,  1867,  and  Rev.  L.  B.  Fifield  ■ 
delivered  an  address  before  the  Society  on  the  previous  evening.     The  Society 
Las  now  been  dormant  for  several  years. 

In  October,  1865,  it  was  reported  to  the  Synod  that  the  Board  of  Education 
had  contributed  $300  toward  the  maintenance  of  the  school  the  past  year. 

Prof  Allen  resigned  the  charge  of  the  school  in  June,  1866,  and  in  the  fol- 
lowing October,  Rev.  Samuel  Hodge  was  chosen  President,  who  held  the  posi- 
tion until  May  30,  1870,  when  Rev.  J.  W.  Hanna  succeeded  him. 

October  31,  1870,  at  a  joint  meeting  of  the  Trustees  with  the  people  of 
Hopkinton,  $3,000  was  pledged,  toward  endowing  the  President's  chair,  and 
John  Kennedy,  Esq.,  was  appointed  by  the  Trustees  to  canvass  the  county  to 
increase  the  amount.  The  endowment  now  amounts  to  over  $18,000,  the 
largest  contributors  to  which  have  been  Converse  Clark,  of  New  York,  who 
bequeathed  |9,000  in  real  estate  ;  Mrs.  Mary  G.  Semple,  Pittsburgh,  $3,000  in 
bonds,  and  James  Lenox,  of  New  York,  $1,000. 

The  deed  transferring  the  property  to  the  Synod  is  dated  February  9,  1864, 
and  is  made  by  Henry  A.  and  Mary  A.  Carter.  The  grantees  on  behalf  of  the 
Synod  are  E.  L.  Doddes,  Myron  H.  Beach,  James  Kilpatrick,  Leroy  Jackson, 
Henry  A.  Carter,  James  L.  Wilson  and  Fergus  S.  McKean.  The  articles  of 
incorporation  were  not  perfected  until  September  12,  1873.  The  Trustees 
named  therein  are  J.  S.  Wilson,  A.  S.  Marshall,  W.  R.  Marshall,  John 
McKean,  S.  Hodge,  D.  Russell,  W.  W.  Thorpe,  Rev.  J.  S.  Cowden,  A.  B. 
Ooodale,  William  Flude,  P.  Melendy,  George  Ordway,  W.  G.  Donnan,  H.  A. 
Carter  and  L.  Jackson. 

The  growth  of  the  school  from  1870  onward  made  an  addition  to  the  build- 
ing necessary,  which  was  provided  in  1875  by  the  erection  of  a  wing  at  the 
east  end,  which  is  30x55  feet,  two  stories  high,  and  cost  $4,500,  making  the 


468  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

total  cost  of  the  structure,  as  it  now  stands,  nearly  $14,000.  The  addition 
was  provided  mainly  by  contributions  from  the  citizens  of  Hopkinton,  and  the 
money  was  raised  and  expended  under  the  direction  of  Messrs.  J.  T.  William- 
son, H.  Livingston,  C.  E.  Merriam,  John  Campbell,  W.  H.  Finley  and  William 
Flude. 

The  original  articles  of  incorporation  were  filed  for  record  October  3, 1856. 
The  document  is  signed  by  H.  A.  Carter,  Leroy  Jackson,  James  Kilpatrick, 
Isaac  Littlefield,  W.  P.  Cunningham,  W.  L.  Roberts,  William  Holt,  Edmund 
Davis,  Jerome  Davis,  Phineas  Allen,  John  Reed,  Harrison  Hill,  H.  R.  Jackson 
and  others.  The  authorized  capital  was  $100,000,  and  the  corporation  to  con- 
tinue twenty  years. 

The  attendance  of  students  has  gained  steadily  for  several  years.  The  num- 
ber attending  the  Winter  term  of  1870-1  was  107,  while  in  that  of  1877-8  it 
was  159.  Eight  students  have  graduated.  Their  names,  date  of  graduation 
and  present  residences  are  here  subjoined : 

Ralph  M.  Kirk,  1869,  Marengo,  Iowa. 

W.  W.  Wylie,  1872,  Principal  public  schools,  Lyons,  Iowa. 

L.  B.  Kuhn,  1875. 

E.  C.  Perkins,  1875,  Principal  Hopkinton  public  schools. 

T.  H.  McBride,  1876,  Vice  President  Lenox  Collegiate  Institute. 

B.  W.  Brintnall,  1876,  Independence,  Iowa. 

Edward  Cook,  1876,  Marion,  Iowa. 

Miss  Betty  Hodge,  1877,  Hopkinton,  Iowa. 

H.  J.  Frothingham,  1877,  Lansing,  Iowa. 

A.  G.  Savage,  1877,  Nugent' s  Grove,  Iowa. 

W.  A.  Cruisenbury,  1877,  Prairieburg,  Iowa. 

There  are  some  twelve  or  fourteen  applicants  for  graduation  at  commence- 
ment the  present  month  (June).  i 

The  library  is  carefully  selected,  and  is  resorted  to  faithfully  by  nearly  all 
the  students. 

The  cabinet  has  been  collected  mainly  by  the  exertions  of  Profs.  Calvin  and 
McBride,  and  contains  many  fine  specimens,  illustrating  the  diflferent  forms  of 
crustacean  and  corallini  life,  both  fossil  and  recent. 

The  Faculty  of  the  College  is  as  follows  for  the  year  1878 : 

Rev.  Samuel  Hodge,  President  and  Professor  of  Ancient  Languages. 

T.  H.  McBride,  A.  M.,  Vice  President  and  Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Modern  Languages. 

Vfilliam  Flude,  Instructor  io  Vocal  and  Instrumental  Music. 

Miss  Mary  A.  George,  Preceptress,  Assistant  Teacher  of  Latin  and  Teacher  of  Higher  En- 
glish. 

Miss  Mary  C.  Dickey,  Assistant  Teacher  of  Botany  and  English  Branches. 

W.  A.  Cruisenbury,  Tutor  in  Mathematics. 

H.  J.  Frothingham,  Assistant  Teacher. 

RAILROADS. 

THE   DUBUQUE    &    PACIFIC   RAILROAD. 

This  was  the  first  railroad  which  was  built  into  and  across  this  county.  It 
was  completed  to  Nottingham  (Earlville)  in  December,  1857,  and  to  Manchester 
and  Masonville  in  October,  1859.  Connected  with  it,  and  composed  of  its  officers 
and  members,  in  part,  was  a  sort  of  internal  Credit  Mobilier  organization,  called 
the  Iowa  Land  Company,  which  provided  for  the  right  of  way,  and  largely  con- 
trolled the  location  of  the  road,  and  became  interested  in  the  various  towns 
through  which  it  was  expected  to  pass. 

The  road  subsequently  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  Dubuque  &  Sioux  City 
Railroad  Company,  and  is  now  operated  by  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  Com- 
pany as  the  Iowa  Division  of  that  road,  under  a  twenty  years'  lease,  executed 
about  1870. 


HISTOEY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  469 

THE    DUBUQUE    &    SOUTHWESTERN    RAILROAD 

passes  through  South  Fork  Township  and  touches  the  southeast  corner  of  North 
Fork.  It  was  built  through  the  county  in  1858-9.  Sand  Spring  is  the  only 
station  in  Delaware  County  on  the  road. 

DAVENPORT    &    ST.  PAUL   RAILROAD. 

This  railroad,  which  was  completed  in  1872,  is  the  result  of  the  indefatiga- 
ble exertions  of  a  few  citizens  of  Delhi,  in  the  face  of  almost  insuperable  obsta- 
cles. The  Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  Railroad  had  been  completed  in  1860  across 
the  county,  passing  about  three  miles  north  of  the  county  seat,  as  is  elsewhere 
shown.  Delhi  was  suffering  from  its  isolation,  and  other  towns  in  the  county, 
both  north  and  south  of  the  D.  &  S.  C.  line,  were  anxious  to  have  railroad  com- 
munications, which  could  only  be  accomplished  by  a  road  starting  from  the  Mis- 
sissippi River,  at  Clinton  or  Davenport,  and  running  northerly,  to  some  object- 
ive point  in  Minnesota. 

In  the  Fall  of  1867,  Hon.  F.  B.  Doolittle  and  Col.  John  H.  Peters,  of 
Delhi,  consulted  together  in  relation  to  the  practicability  of  securing  a  railroad 
to  Delhi.  Of  the  necessity  of  such  a  road  they  had  no  doubt,  and  agreed  that 
they  ought  to  have  a  road.  But  could  they  get  one  ?  The  necessity  was  ad- 
mitted, but  was  it  possible  to  secure  it  ?  Single-handed  and  alone,  and  without 
experience  in  building  or  managing  railroads,  they  determined  to  make  an 
effort. 

They  arranged  that  Peters  should  open  correspondence  with  railroad  men 
and  parties  interested  in  the  proposition  to  build  a  road  from  Clinton,  or  some 
other  point  on  the  Mississippi  River,  to  some  point  in  Fayette  County.  They 
succeeded  in  awakening  an  interest  in  the  project,  and  at  last,  in  January,  1868, 
concluded  to  call  a  meeting  at  Cascade,  'to  which  parties  from  Fayette,  Straw- 
berry Point,  Greeley,  Delhi,  Hopkinton,  Maquoketa,  Dewitt  and  other  points 
were  invited.  At  this  meeting,  the  feasibility  of  constructing  a  railroad  from 
Clinton  northward  was  discussed,  and  the  Iowa  &  Minnesota  Grand  Trunk 
Railroad  Company  was  organized,  temporarily,  by  choice  of  George  W.  Trum- 
bull, of  Canton,  Jackson  County,  President;  J.  M.  King,  of  Cascade,  Secre- 
tary; and  C.  M.  Dunbar,  of  Maquoketa,  Treasurer;  and  a  committee  was  ap- 
pointed to  draw  up  articles  of  incorporation. 

In  February,  1868,  a  meeting  was  held  at  Maquoketa,  to  consider  the  ques- 
tion of  route — whether  the  proposed  road  should  pass  through  Maquoketa  to 
Clinton — but  no  decision  was  reached. 

In  April,  another  meeting  was  held,  at  Hopkinton.  At  this  meeting,  W. 
A.  Heath  and  F.  B.  Doolittle  reported  articles  of  incorporation,  which  were 
adopted,  and  the  company  permanently  organized.  The  articles  of  incorpora- 
tion were  filed  for  record  June  4,  1868,  with  the  following  corporators :  F.  B. 
Doolittle,  H.  S.  Brunson,  Richard  Boon,  Benjamin  Burch,  M.  0.  Barnes,  G. 
C.  Croston,  Z.  G.  Allen  and  W.  H.  Finley. 

But  by  this  time,  the  prospects  for  a  road  from  Clinton  were  not  of  the  most 
encouraging  character,  and  the  projectors  of  the  enterprise  at  Delhi  began  to 
feel  a  little  blue,  but  relaxed  no  effort  to  attain  their  object.  A  combination 
was  formed  by  which  the  people  of  Fayette,  Strawberry  Point,  Delaware,  Delhi 
and  Hopkinton  agreed  to  adhere  to  each  other,  come  what  would,  and  that 
neither  town  should  be  left  out  of  the  line  of  the  road,  if  they  should  succeed ; 
and  in  May,  Brunson,  Boon,  Barnes,  Doolittle,  Finley  and  others  went  to 
Davenport,  with  the  object  of  interesting  the  railroad  men  of  that  city  in  the 
enterprise,  proposing  to  them  to  make  Davenport  the  terminus,  and  give  them 


470  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

the  control  of  the  road  if  they  would  take  hold.  Several  meetings  were  held ; 
the  Davenport  people  became  interested  ;  the  name  of  the  company  was  changed 
to  the  Davenport  &  St.  Paul  Railroad  Company,  and  the  following  named 
persons  elected  Directors,  viz.:  Benjamin  Burch  and  H.  S.  Brunson,  Fayette; 
G.  Allen,  of  Brush  Creek;  Richard  Boon,  Delaware;  F.  B.  Doolittle,  Delhi; 
W.  H.  Finley,  Hopkinton  ;  and  John  L.  Davis  and  Michael  Donahue,  of  Dav- 
enport ;  and  G.  C.  Croston,  of  Cascade. 

Arrangements  were  made  for  obtaining  subscriptions  to  the  capital  stock  of 
the  company.  Delaware  County  was  expected  to  raise  $100,000,  apportioned 
as  follows:  Delhi,  $40,000;  Hopkinton,  $30,000;  Delaware,  |l5,000; 
Greeley,  |10,000;  Yankee  Settlement,  |5,00d.  The  Delaware  County  books^ 
were  placed  in  charge  of  Judge  Doolittle,  who  prosecuted  the  work  with  such 
energy  that  a  little  more  than  $100,000  were  subscribed  in  the  county.  In  the 
meantime,  E.  Baldwin,  Engineer,  was  employed  to  make  a  preliminary  survey 
from  Davenport  to  Fayette,  the  gentlemen  above  named  making  voluntary 
assessments  upon  themselves  to  pay  expenses.  Various  towns  along  the  line- 
voted  a  five  per  cent,  tax  in  aid  of  the  enterprise,  and  preparations  for  sub- 
stantial work  began  to  be  made. 

At  a  meeting  in  Delhi,  in  August,  1868,  Trumbull,  President,  and  King, 
Secretary,  having  resigned,  William  H.  Holmes,  of  Davenport,  was  elected  Presi- 
dent, and  W.  A.  Heath,  of  Delhi,  appointed  Secretary.  At  the  annual  meet- 
ing in  Davenport,  in  January,  1869,  Mr.  Holmes  was  re-elected  President; 
M.  0.  Barnes,  Vice  President ;  W.  A.  Heath,  Secretary ;  and  R.  Eddy,  Treas- 
urer. The  required  amount  of  stock  having  been  subscribed,  it  was  expected 
that  work  would  be  commenced  early  in  the  following  Spring,  but,  before  it  was 
begun,  the  Supreme  Court  decided  that  the  law  allowing  towns  to  vote  a  tax  to 
aid  in  the  construction  of  railroads  was  unconstitutional,  and  by  this  deci  sion 
the  Davenport  &  St.  Paul  Railroad  Company's  assets  were  reduced  nearly  one- 
half.  It  was  a  heavy  blow  to  those  who  had  labored  so  earnestly  for  a  road, 
coming  when  they  felt  so  sure  of  success. 

In  April,  1869,  a  meeting  was  called  at  Davenport  to  consider  the  situation 
and  devise  means  for  going  forward  with  the  work,  and  at  this  meeting  Daven- 
port "threw  up  the  sponge;"  they  had  become  discouraged,  and  felt  that  it 
was  useless  to  try  longer.  Delhi  and  the  other  Delaware  county  towns,  how- 
ever, were  not  disposed  to  give  it  up,  and  assured  their  Davenport  friends  that 
they  were  determined  to  have  a  railroad.  If  Davenport  did  not  want  the- 
terminus  enough  to  aid  in  the  enterprise,  they  would  find  some  other  point. 
After  several  meetings  and  much  hard  labor,  Davenport  finally  concluded  that 
it  was  best  to  continue,  and  that  Summer  was  spent  in  obtaining  the  additional 
subscriptions  rendered  necessary  by  the  decision  of  the  court.  In  the  Winter 
of  1869-70  (?),  the  Legislature  re-enacted  the  law  authorizing  towns  to  vote  five 
per  cent.  tax.  Several  towns  voted  aid,  and  in  the  Spring  of  1870,  active  prepar- 
ations were  made  for  commencing  work.  Judge  Doolittle  was  appointed  Assist-^ 
ant  Treasurer  and  Right  of  Way  Agent.  Assessments  were  made  on  capital 
stock.  In  June,  1870,  the  contracts  were  let  for  grading,  bridging  and  tieing- 
the  whole  length  of  the  road  from  Davenport  to  Fayette.  Work  was  com- 
menced in  Delaware  County  in  September,  1870,  under  the  management  of 
Judge  Doolittle,  who  arranged  for  stockholders,  who  desired  it,  to  pay  their 
stock  subscriptions  in  labor  and  supplies.  Messrs.  Peters  &  Heath,  of  Delhi, 
were  the  attorneys  of  the  company.  So  energetically  was  the  work  prosecuted 
that  the  road  was  completed  in  the  Fall  of  1872,  the  cars  running  to  Delhi  in 
September,  and  through  the  county  in  October  of  that  year.     The  depot  at 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  471 

Delhi  was  built  in  September,  1872,  and  S.  S.  Summers  was  first  station  agent 
at  that  point. 

The  enterprise  encountered  vigorous  and  determined  opposition  from  the- 
start,  and  that  it  was  successfully  consummated  is  due  to  the  indomitable  energy 
and  perseverance  of  Judge  Doolittle,  Col.  Peters  and  a  few  other  citizens  of 
Delaware  County,  and  they  may  well  feel  proud  of  their  success. 

THE  PRESS. 

The  Delhi  Argus. — The  first  newspaper  printed  in  Delaware  County  was. 
The  Delhi  Argus,  started  by  Datus  E.  Coon,  editor  and  publisher,  in  1853., 
J.  L.  Noble,  then  a  small  boy,  but  since  Captain  in  the  volunteer  service,, 
rolled  the  first  form.  After  running  it  about  a  year.  Coon,  sold  it  to  G.  W. 
Field.  When  the  civil  war  commenced,  Coon  entered  the  army,  rose  to  the 
rank  of  Brigadier  General ;  and  at  the  close  of  the  war,  settled  in  Alabama. 
Mr.  Field  managed  the  paper  with  energy  and  ability  until  the  Fall  of  1856, 
when  he  retired,  and  Charles  F.  Hobbs  became  proprietor.  Mr.  Field  subse- 
quently removed  to  Anamosa ;  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law,  and  became  th& 
author  of  several  legal  treatises.  About  the  time  Hobbs  purchased  the  office,  it 
was  partially  destroyed  by  fire,  it  is  said  because  Joe  Thompson,  then  ''  devil," 
construed  literally  the  foreman's  order  to  "  take  up  the  ashes  in  the  stove  and 
put  them  in  a  box."  The  press  was  seriously  damaged  and  many  fonts  of  typ& 
rendered  useless.  Mr.  L.  L.  Ayers,  in  his  interesting  sketches  of  "Early  Times- 
in  Delaware  County,"  says  that  "  a  day  or  two  after  the  fire,  Mr.  David  More- 
land,  of  Colesburg,  was  at  Delhi,  and  was  informed  of  the  fire.  '  Did  it  burn 
the  paper  stock  ?  '  sympathetically  asked  Mr.  Moreland.  '  Yes,'  replied  hi» 
informant.  '  What  a  pity  ! '  exclamed  Mr.  Moreland,  who  asked,  '  Did  it  burn 
the  type?'  'Yes,  most  of  it,'  was  the  answer.  '  What  a  pity!'  he  again 
exclaimed,  and  then  asked,  '  Did  it  burn  the  editor  ?  '  0  no,  he  is  all  right.' 
'What  a  pity  !  what  a  pity  ! '  was  again  the  old  gentleman's  reply."  Appar- 
ently he  did  not  sympathize  very  deeply  over  the  loss.  Under  Mr.  Hobbs' 
management,  about  1858,  the  name  of  the  paper  was  changed  to 

The  Delhi  Democrat,  and  enlarged  it  to  a  seven-column  folio,  and  the  offic& 
had  a  flourishing  business.  After  Hobbs,  C.  L.  Hayes  and  Hayes  &  Corbett 
owned  the  concern  for  a  while,  and  valued  it  at  |2,000.  It  was  afterward  pur- 
chased by  Rev.  L.  S.  Ashbough.  Dr.  James  Wright,  then  County  Clerk,  had 
an  interest  in  the  paper  for  a  time.  Then  J.  L.  McOreery  purchased  an  interest ; 
the  size  was  reduced  to  six  columns  and  name  changed  to 

The  Delaware  Journal.  January  1,  1859,  Mr.  Ashbaugh  disposed  of  his 
interest  to  James  L.  Noble,  who  soon  after  relinquished  the  entire  control  of  the- 
paper  to  McCreery,  when  he  again  changed  the  name  to  Delaware  County 
Journal,  and  continued  its  publication  until  January  1, 1864,  when  it  died  from 
starvation.  McCreery  locked  up  the  material  and  departed  for  JDubuque,  where 
he  became  city  editor  ofthe  Dubuque  Times.  In  March  following,  the  material 
was  purchased  by  Edward  Burnside,  moved  to  Manchester  and  became  the 
office  of  The  Delaware  County  Union. 

The  Iowa  News  was  established  at  Delhi  in  1860,  by  Charles  L.  Hayes. 
It  lingered   about   a  year,  was  discontinued   and   the   material   removed   to 

Delaware  County  Recorder. —March.  24,  1870,  Mr.  J.  A.  Cole  started  the 
Uarlville  Sun,  at  Earlville,  February  1.  1871.  Hon.  C.  Sanborn  purchased 
it,  and  in  June  following,  removed  it  to  Delhi,  changing  the  name  to  the  Dela- 


472  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

ware  County  Recorder,  and  continued  it  until  August  22, 1872,  when  he  sold  it 
to  Mr.  J.  B.  Swinburne,  who  immediately  changed  its  title  to 

The  Delhi  Monitor,  which  is  still  published,  and  is  still  conducted  by  Mr. 
Swinburne  with  ability  and  judgment.     Republican  in  politics. 

Delaware  County  Union. — ^In  the  Winter  of  1863-4,  the  Delaware  County 
Journal,  at  Delhi,  had  suspended.  The  enterprising  citizens  of  Manchester 
determined  that  Manchester  should  have  a  newspaper,  and  raised,  by  subscrip- 
tion, f  300  as  a  bonus,  which  was  given  to  Edward  Burnside  to  aid  him  in 
purchasing  the  material  of  the  Journal,  which  he  did,  removing  it  to  Manches- 
ter, and  the  first  number  of  the  Delaware  County  Union  was  issued  March  25, 
1864. 

Mr.  Burnside  conducted  the  paper  with  ability  and  success  until  his  death, 
in  December,  1866,  when  it  passed  into  the  hands  of  L.  L.  Ayers,  who  had 
been  connected  with  it  from  the  commencement.  Under  Mr.  Ayers'  manage- 
ment it  was  enlarged  to  a  seven-column  paper  ;  grew  in  popular  favor  ;  was  the 
organ  of  the  Republican  party,  and  was  very  successful  until  hard  times  began 
to  pinch,  when  it  died  "for  want  of  financial  breath,"  December  31,  1872. 
The  subscription  list  was  divided  between  Mr.  Rann,  of  the  Manchester  Press, 
and  Mr.  Swinburne,  of  the  Delhi  Monitor. 

The  Manchester  Press. — The  first  number  of  this  paper  was  issued  June 
16,  1871,  by  H.  L.  Rann.  Esq.,  editor  and  proprietor.  When  the  Union  sus- 
pended, in  December,  1872,  Mr!  Rann  purchased  its  subscription  list  and  good 
will.  July  1,  1873,  Mr.  Rann  sold  to  Hon.  C.  Sanborn,  who  conducted  it 
until  January  1,  1875,  when  L.  H.  Fisk  became  associate  editor  and  publisher. 
July  1,  1875,  Sanborn  &  Fisk  retired,  and  Mr.  Rann  again  assumed  the 
management  and  control  of  the  paper,  and  is  its  present  proprietor.  The  Press 
is  a  large  seven-column  quarto  sheet,  ably  edited  and  neatly  printed,  and  flies 
the  Republican  flag.  The  oflice  is  supplied  with  a  large  Potter  power  press  arid 
a  Gordon  job  press,  with  the  machinery,  type  etc.,  and  is  the  best  appointed  job 
printing  office  in  the  county. 

The  Manchester  Democrat  was  established  and  its  first  number  was  issued 
Jan.  20,  1876,  by  F.  B.  Gregg,  proprietor  and  publisher,  L.  L.  Ayers,  editor. 
Democratic  politically.  After  a  few  months,  Mr.  Gregg  retired,  and  the  paper 
passed  into  the  hands  of  a  stock  company.  L.  L.  Ayers  remained  as  editor 
and  publisher  until  April,  1878,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  E.  M.  Carr  and 
Charles  E.  Bronson,  as  editors  and  proprietors. 

The  Nottingham  Observer  was  started  at  Nottingham  (Earlville),  by  Ed. 
Stanton,  in  the  Spring  of  1859  ;  suspended  in  the  Fall  of  the  same  year. 

The  Earlville  Sun,  started  at  Earlville  March  24,  1870,  by  Mr.  J.  A.  Cole. 
February  1,  1871,  Hon.  C.  Sanborn  purchased  the  office,  and  in  March  changed 
its  name  to  the  Earlville  Record.  In  June,  1871,  he  removed  the  paper  to 
Delhi,  and  again  changed  its  name. 

The  Earlville  Gazette  was  started  at  Earlville,  Dec.  31,  1875,  by  W.  A. 
Hutton,  who  sold  shortly  afterward  to  N.  Rose  &  Son.  Rose  changed  the  name 
to  the  Commercial,  issuing  the  first  number  May  26,  1876.  The  last  number 
of  the  Commercial  was  issued  April  13,  1877. 

Earlville  Record. — Dec.  19,  1877,  Messrs.  J.  V.  &  J.  A.  Matthews  issued 
the  first  number  of  a  new  paper  at  Earlville,  called  the  Earlville  Record.  It  is 
a  six- column  quarto  paper,  devoted  to  local  matters,  but  giving  considerable 
space  to  temperance  matters  and  the  greenback  question. 

The  Hopkinton  Messenger,  the  first  number  of  which  was  published  May 
10,  1878,  is  owned  by  D.  B.  Sherwood,  formerly  from  Michigan.     The  people 


VT/ty>->^--^ 


EDITOR  &  ("ROPRIETOR  OF 
THE  DELHI  MONITOR. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  475 

of  that  thrifty  town  manifest  a  disposition  to  give  the  new  venture  all  the 
business  in  their  power  to  bestow. 

DELAWARE   COUNTY  MEDICAL   SOCIETY. 

March  3,  1856,  the  following  "  Regular  Physicians  of  Delaware  County," 
viz.,  John  Acers,  Albert  E.  Smith,  Albert  Boomer,  John  F.  Stout,  Joshua 
Doran,  E.  C.  Taylor  and  James  Wright,  met  at  Delhi  for  the  purpose  of  organ- 
izing a  county  association.  Dr.  "John  Acers  was  chosen  Chairman,  and  Dr. 
Boomer,  Secretary. 

On  motion  of  Dr.  J.  F.  Stout,  a  Constitution  and  code  of  By-laws  were 
adopted,  for  the  "  Delaware  County  Medical  Society."  The  Constitution  is 
signed  by  the  physicians  above  named  and  by  J.  B.  Ames,  J.  H.  Shout,  Z.  S. 
Ward  and  Thomas  C.  McGree.  After  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution,  the  fol- 
lowing officers  were  elected : 

President,  Albert  E.  Smith;  Vice  Presidents,  John  Acers  and  J.  Doran; 
Recording  Secretary,  Albert  Boomer ;  Corresponding  Secretary,  J.  F.  Stout ; 
Censors,  Drs.  Smith,  Stout  and  Doran ;  Essayists,  Drs.  Stout  and  Doran.  In 
the  evening,  the  society  assembled  at  the  Court  House,  and  was  addressed  by 
Drs.  Smith,  Doran,  Acers  and  Wright. 

At  the  first  annual  meeting,  March  17,  1857,  the  first  fee-bill  was  adopted. 

At  the  annual  meeting  in  March,  1857,  the  following  officers  were  elected, 
viz.:  Albert  E.  Smith,  President;  J.  Doran  and  J.  H.  Shout,  Vice  Presidents; 
Albert  Boomer,  Recording  Secretary ;  J.  B .  Ames,  Corresponding  Secretary ; 
James  Wright,  Treasurer ;  Drs.  Acers,  Shout  and  Doran,  Censors. 

Several  meetings  were  held  in  1857,  and  no  others  appear  of  record  until 
February  10,  1866,  when  the  society  met  at  Delhi,  Dr.  John  Acers,  "  the 
former  President,"  in  the  chair.  This  appears  to  have  been  a  meeting  for  re- 
organization, as  the  "  old  Constitution  and  By-laws  of  the  former  Medical 
Society  "  were  adopted.  At  this  meeting,  the  following  gentlemen  signed  the 
Constitution  and  paid  the  fee  of  $1.00  each,  viz.:  John  Acers,  J.  W.  Bobbins, 
W.  H.  Finley,  W.  A.  Morse,  J.  M.  Banning,  A.  A.  Noyes  and  Albert  Boomer. 
The  following  officers  were  elected:  Joseph  W.  Bobbins,  President;  W.  H. 
Finley,  Vice  President ;  W.  H.  Finley,  Secretary  and  Treasurer. 

August  4,  1869,  the  society  was  again  re-organized  at  Manchester,  at  a 
meeting  of  the  physicians  of  the  county.  C.  H.  Rawson  was  called  to  the 
chair,  and  Lyman  J.  Adair,  appointed  Secretary.  Drs.  Bradley,  Banning  and 
Stannard  were  appointed  a  committee  to  draft  a  Constitution  and  Bylaws  for 
the  Delaware  County  Medical  Society,  who  reported  the  Constitution  and  By- 
laws of  the  Linn  County  Society,  with  suitable  alterations.  This  was  adopted 
and  signed  by  Drs.  C.  H.  Rawson,  David  LeRoy,  J.  Meek  Lanning,  W.  D. 
Stannard,  Charles  C.  Bradley  and  John  Acers.  C.  H.  Rawson  was  elected 
President;  C.  C.  Bradley,  Vice  President;  J.  M.  Lanning,  Secretary;  D. 
LeRoy,  Treasurer,  and  Drs.  Lanning,  Bradley  and  Stannard,  Censors.  After 
which,  upon  examination  by  the  Board  of  Censors,  L.  H.  Keyes,  Alexander 
Wiltse,  B.  H.  Reynolds,  L.  J.  Adair  and  W.  B.  Sherman  were  admitted  to 
membership.  The  fee-bill  of  the  "old  society"  was  adopted.  In  November, 
Lewis  Blanchard  arid  George  H.  Fuller  became  members,  and  in  February, 
1870,  Albert  Boomer  was  admitted. 

In  May,  1870,  a  new  board  of  officers  were  elected,  as  follows:  A.  Boomer, 
President;  L.  H.  Keyes,  Vice  President;  C.  C.  Bradley,  Secretary;  D.  Le 
Roy,  Treasurer ;  Drs.  Lanning,  Bradley  and  Adair,  Censors. 


476  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

In  May,  1871,  John  Acers,  President;  J.  M.  Lanning,  Vice  President,  and 
J.  T.  Acers,  Secretary. 

The  next  meeting  was  June  16,  1873,  when  W.  H.  Pinley  was  elected 
President ;  J.  M.  Lanning,  Vice  President ;  G.  H.  Fuller,  Secretary  and  Treas- 
urer ;  Drs.  Bradley  and  Paquin,  Censors. 

Another  meeting  was  held  September  1,  1873,  and  the  next  of  record  was 
May  25,  1876,  when  officers  were  elected  as  follows  :  C.  C.  Bradley,  President; 
L.  H.  Keyes,  Vice  President;  C.  0.  Paquin,  Secretary  and  Treasurer;  Drs. 
Reynolds,  Pierce  and  Cummings,  Censors. 

June  4,  1877,  officers  elected,  C.  C.  Bradley,  President ;  Milo  Blodgett, 
Vice  President;  C.  0.  Paquin,  Secretary  and  Treasurer;  Drs.  Reynolds^ 
Pierce  and  Cummings,  Censors. 

December  17,  1877,  Dr.  B.  H.  Reynolds  was  elected  Secretary  and  Treas- 
urer, in  place  of  Paquin,  removed  from  the  county. 

The  officers  for  1878  are  B.  H.  Reynolds,  of  Manchester,  President ;  W. 
B.  Sherman,  Manchester,  Vice  President ;  George  H.  Fuller,  Delhi,  Secretary 
and  Treasurer,  C.  C.  Bradley,  Manchester,  I.  W.  Ghrist,  Manchester,  and  s, 
Haskins,  Earlville,  Censors. 

DELAWARE  COUNTY  MUSICAL   ASSOCIATION. 

February  3,  1872,  a  meeting  was  held  at  Delaware,  at  which  it  was  decided 
to  organize  the  Delaware  County  Musical  Association,  and  to  hold  a  convention 
at  Delaware  the  20th  and  21st  of  the  same  month.  A  committee  of  arrange- 
ments was  chosen,  and  the  programme  was  fixed  by  them.  The  convention  was 
held  as  announced,  and  among  those  who  sang  or  played  for  the  meeting  were 
AUie  Parker,  Mrs.  Martin,  Mrs.  Clark,  Mrs.  J.  H.  Peters,  Frank  Martindale, 
Edith  V.  Rann.  Dr.  J.  T.  Abbott  was  elected  President,  and  A.  J.  Brown, 
Secretary. 

The  Society  met  again  at  Greeley,  Nov.  6,  1874,  with  Dr.  Abbott  as  Presi- 
dent and  L.  0.  Stevens  as  Secretary.  Prof.  Arthur  Baker,  of  Independence, 
was  Conductor,  and  the  convention  closed  on  the  6th  with  a  crowded  concert. 

A  convention  was  held  at  Hopkinton,  beginning  March  11,  1874.  At  this 
session,  "  Gloria,"  fronj  Mozart's  Twelfth  Mass,  was  sung  in  excellent  taste  by 
Hopkinton  singers. 

The  next  and  last  convention  was  held  at  Manchester,  beginning  Nov.  17, 
.1874,  under  the  leadership  of  Prof.  L.  0.  Emerson,  of  Boston,  assisted  by  John 
G.  Parkhurst,  the  noted  concert  singer,  and  Prof.  Keeler,  of  Osage.  Among 
the  visitors  from  other  towns  who  had  places  in  the  exercises  were  Mrs.  L.  A. 
Nichols,  of  Dubuque ;  Miss  Noyes,  of  Delhi ;  Prof  Burns,  of  Cornell  Univer- 
sity ;  Misses  Dunlap  and  Kilpatrick,  of  Hopkinton ;  and  Miss  Annie  Smithy 
Mrs.  Robinson,  Mrs.  Sherman,  Mrs.  Burdick  and  Miss  Clark,  of  Monticello. 
The  Anamosa  Mureka  said  of  the  convention  that  "  the  attendance  was  large, 
consisting  of  delegations  from  Dubuque,  Farley,  Earlville,  Independence,  Cedar 
Falls,  Osage,  Vinton,  Greeley,  Delhi,  Hopkinton,  Monticello,  Sand  Spring, 
Almoral  and  the  entire  musical  talent  of  Manchester.  The  people  of  that  city 
opened  their  doors  for  the  free  entertainment  of  delegates,  and  the  entire  pro- 
ceedings were  marked  with  the  kindest  feelings  and  a  laudable  desire  to  improve 
in  the  divine  art.  Two  public  concerts  were  given,  the  receipts  of  which,  with 
the  membership  fee,  covered  the  expenses,  which  were  about  five  hundred  dollars. 
The  exercises  were  varied  Avith  church  music,  social  glees,  anthems,  choruses 
and  solos,  with  voice  culture,  articulation,  emphasis  and  the  general  reading  of 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  477 

music.  A  score  of  good  village  singing  schools  should  result  from  this  conven- 
tion. Dr.  J.  1.  Abbott  was  continued  as  President,  and  Col.  G.  A.  Day  was 
chosen  Secretary  at  this  meeting.  '       •' 

THE  DELAWARE  COUNTY  BIBLE  SOCIETY. 

•    /^^T??^°*^  ??in  ^"^^^^'a*  ^w'J?^  °^  *^^  American  Society,  was  organ- 
ized at  Delhi  m  1850,  and  Z.  A.  Wellman  was  Treasurer  and  Depositary  for 
many  years.     He  was  succeeded  by  William  Cattron  in  the  Summer  of  1864 
who  removed  the  depository  to  Manchester.     The  subsequent  depositaries  have 
been  Morell  Cotton,  John  C.  Bremner  and  D.  G.  Eldridge.     The  present 
officers  are  Ira  P.  Adams,  President;  A.  L.  Baldwin,  Vice  President;  C  W 
Keagy,  Secretary ;  Frank  J.  Atwater,  Treasurer  and  Depositary  ;  B.  H-'Xeller 
B.  S.  Barnard,  Wm.  Cattron,  Directors.  ' 

MANCHESTER. 

{Delaware  Township.) 

The  first  settlements  made  in  Delaware  Township  (89,  Range  5)  were  made 
in  1839-40.  Robert  B.  Hutson,  who  came  to  the  county  in  1840,  settled  in 
the  southern  edge  of  Eads'  Grove,  probably  on  Section  2.  "At  least,"  says 
Judge  Bailey,  "  he  was  very  near  the  township  line,  if  he  was  not  in  this  town-  ■ 
ship."  In  1840,  the  Paddelford  family  and  the  Rexfords  settled  near  the  mouth 
of  Honey  Creek,  about  two  miles  northwest  of  the  present  town  of  Manchester. 
Joel  Pike  settled  about  half  a  mile  west  of  Hutson,  in  1840,  near  the  present 
site  of  Millheim,  or  "Dutchtown." 

The  first  settler  to  enter  or  locate  any  of  the  lands  now  embraced  within  the 
limits  of  Manchester  was  Steiner  Eiversen,  a  Norwegian,  who,  in  the  Spring  of 
1850,  entered  the  southwest  quarter  of  the  southwest  quarter  of  Section  29, 
the  north  half  of  the  northwest  quarter  of  Section  32,  the  southeast  quarter 
of  the  northwest  quarter  of  Section  32,  the  northwest  quarter  of  the  northeast 
quarter  of  Section  32,  the  north  half  of  the  northwest  quarter  of  Section  33 
and  the  northwest  quarter  of  the  northeast  quarter  of  Section  33.  Eiverson 
built  his  cabin  on  the  west  side  of  the  river,  near  the,  present  residence  of  T. 
Crosby,  Esq.,  and,  it  is  'said,  did  some  breaking  there;  but,  becoming  dis- 
satisfied after  living  there  one  Winter,  he  thought  it  would  be  warmer  nearer 
the  river,  and  moved  his  cabin  accordingly.  This  did  not  suit  him,  owing  to 
the  ague  and  mosquitoes,  and  he  moved  to  the  east  side  and  built  another  and 
larger  cabin,  on  Section  33,  which  is  still  standing,  a  part  of  the  residence  of 
Allen  Love.  Eiversen  soon  became  dissatisfied  and  discontented.  His  wife 
could  not  speak  the  English  language,  and,  hearing  that  some  of  his  country- 
men had  settled  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State,  he  was  anxious  to  join  them. 
September  17,  1852,  he  sold  his  claim  and  the  lands  above  mentioned  to  Mr. 
Allen  Love  and  removed,  Mr.  Love  thinks,  to  the  vicinity  of  Clermont.  Mr. 
Love  immediately  moved  into  the  house  vacated  by  Eiverson. 

Mr.  Love  and  wife  had  a  bitter  experience  on  the  first  day's  travel  out  from 
Dubuque.  Their  son  Robert,  while  getting  some  bread  from  a  box  in  the  back 
part  of  the  wagon,  fell  to  the  ground  and  was  picked  up  insensible.  A  German 
family  lived  near  by,  and  thither  they  conveyed  the  child.  A  doctor  was  sum- 
moned from  Dubuque,  but  the  child  was  dead  before  he  arrived.  Mr.  Love  then 
went  to  Dubuque  and  procured  a  coffin,  in  which  the  corpse  was  placed,  and 
with  their  dead  child  they  arrived  at  Eiverson 's  cabin.     They  dug  a  grave  just 


478  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

southeast  of  the  house,  in  which  they  interred  the  lad,  and  the  next  year  his 
brother  Allen  planted  an  evergreen  to  mark  the  spot,  which  is  now  growing 
green  and  thrifty  on  the  bank  above  the  railroad  track, 

John  Brownell  afterward  settled  where  Eiverson  first  built  his  cabin,  on  the 
west  side  of  the  river,  and  was  living  there  in  1854. 

George  Acres,  who  had  settled  in  1851,  lived  about  a  mile  northwest  of 
Eiverson ;  but  a  few  weeks  after  Mr.  Love  came,  Acres  sold  to  Mr.  Levings  Bur- 
rington,  who  settled  there  in  the  Fall  of  1852. 

Mr.  Love  states  that  their  nearest  neighbors,  in  1852,  were  Mr.  Fowler, 
Henry  Baker  and  Clement  Coffin,  on  the  west,  Mr.  Shaffer,  on  the  east,  and 
Joel  Bailey  on  the  southeast.  Mr.  Love  also  says  that  the  nearest  flouring-mill 
was  Benson's,  and  that  it  sometimes  took  a  week  to  get  a  grist.  His  surplus 
products  were  sold  to  immigrants — flour  at  the  rate  of  $1.25  a  hundred,  bacon 
at  two  and  one-half  cents  a  pound,  and  eggs  at  three  cents  a  dozen.  In  1854, 
Allen  Love,  Jr.,  went  to  school  at  Acresville. 

April  19,  1853,  Ozias  P.  Reeves  bought  of  John  0.  Higginson  the  south- 
east quarter  of  the  southeast  quarter  of  Section  29,  and  the  northeast 
quarter  of  the  northeast  quarter  of  Section  32.  Higginson  appears  to 
have  been  a  professional  speculator  in  lands.  0.  P.  Reeves  was  the  first 
actual  settler  on  the  original  plat  of  Burrington.  He  first  lived  in  a 
little  temporary  shanty  that  stood  a  little  west  of  the  present  Nix  House, 
on  the  northeast  corner  of  Fayette  and  Tama  streets,  but  soon  built  and  re- 
moved to  a  house  farther  east,  near  the  east  line  of  Section  29.  June  29, 
1853,  0.  P.  Reeves  entered  the  southeast  quarter  of  southwest  quarter  of 
Section  28. 

The  southeast  quarter  of  the  southwest  quarter  and  the  southwest  quarter 
of  the  southeast  quarter  of  Section  29  was  entered  in  the  name  of  Manasseh 
Reeves,  the  father  of  0.  P.,  who  seems  to  have  transferred  them  to  his  son. 
The  northeast  quarter  of  the  southwest  quarter  and  the  north  half  of  the 
southeast  quarter  of  Section  29  were  entered  by  Geo.  Acers,  1850-51. 

April  1,  1854,  0.  P.  Reeves  deeded  to  Rev.  B.  M.  Amsden  the  northeast 
quarter  of  the  northeast  quarter  of  Section  32 — 40  acres — and  a  "  heater 
piece,"  containing  three  acres,  on  the  southeast  corner  of  Section  29,  to  afford 
a  building  site  on  the  old  Delhi  and  West  Union  road,  which  ran  "  across  lots " 
at  this  point. 

During  the  Summer  or  Fall  of  1854,  James  Dyer,  the  founder  of-  Dyers- 
ville,  ii  gentleman  of  great  energy,  who  was  largely  interested  in  the  then 
projected  Dubuque  &  Pacific  Railroad,  with  Mr.  William  Chesterman  visited 
the  new  town  of  Delaware  Center  (Acersville)  and  endeavored  to  make  arrange- 
ments with  the  proprietor,  John  Acers,  by  which  that  town  should  become  a 
station  on  the  line  of  the  projected  railroad.  Delaware  Center  was  a  good  site. 
There  was  a  good  mill  privilege  there  and  the  river  could  be  easily  bridged. 
But  Acers,  taking  it  for  granted  that  the  road  must  come  there,  fixed  his  price 
for  one-half  interest  in  the  town,  it  is  said,  at  $6,000.  Dyer  and  Chesterman, 
however,  concluded  that  the  price  was  much  too  high.  They  thought  they 
could  start  a  new  town  cheaper  than  that,  and  came  down  to  Mr.  Reeves  to  see 
what  could  be  done.  Reeves  and  L.  Burrington  had  foresight  enough  to 
appreciate  the  advantages  that  might  accrue,  provided  a  town  could  be  founded 
and  the  railroad  secured.  Mr.  Burrington  and  Mr.  Reeves  entered  heartily 
into  the  scheme.  Mr.  Reeves  donated  twenty  acres  and  put  in  other  lands, 
becoming  co-proprietor  with  Dyer.  It  became  necessary  to  obtain  part  or  all 
of  the  land  which  Reeves  had  sold  to  Amsden.     Consequently,  Mr.  Reeves  was 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  479 

authorized  by  Mr.  Burrington  to  proceed  to  Belvidere,  111.,  as  his  agent,  to 
negotiate  an  exchange  with  Mr.  Amsden  for  other  land  owned  by_  Mr.  Burring- 
ton. The  mission  was  successful  and  Mr.  Reeves  returned  with  a  conveyance 
from  Mr.  Amsden  to  Mr.  Burrington  of  the  north  half  of  the  northeast  quarter 
of  the  northeast  quarter  of  Section  32,  and  also  secured  the  relinquishment  of' 
the  "heater  piece."  Messrs.  Dyer  and  Chesterman  succeeded  in  purchasing 
four  "  forties,"  including  the  mill  site,  of  Allen  Love,  for  $10  an  acre,  and  it 
was  determined  that  the  projected  town  should  be  called 

BURRINGTON, 

as  Mr.  Burrington  had  donated  the  land  obtained  from  Mr.  Amsden. 

Soon  after  the  preliminary  arrangements  had  been  made  with  Reeves,  Bur- 
rington and  Love,  Dr.  Acers,  who  had  heard  of  the  project,  hurried  to  Dyers- 
ville  with  an  offer  to  donate  what  he  had  the  week  previous  asked  |6,000  for,  if 
Dyer  would  abandon  the  Burrington  scheme  and  come  to  Delaware  Center.  But 
it  was  too  late.  Other  arrangements  had  been  made  and  James  Dyer  was  not  a 
man  to  "  go  back  "  on  his  promises. 

December  8,  1854,  Allen  Love  deeded  to  Dyer  &  Chesterman  the  north- 
west quarter  of  the  northeast  quarter  of  Section  32,  the  north  half  of  the  north- 
west quarter  of  Section  32,  and  the  southwest  quarter  of  the  southwest  quarter 
of  Section  29.  Dec.  21,  0.  P.  Reeves  deeded  to  Dyer  &  Chesterman  part  of 
the  south  half  of  the  southeast  quarter  of  Section  29,  and  on  the  same  day,  L. 
Burrington  deeded  to  Dyer  the  north  half  of  the  northeast  quarter  of  the  north- 
east quarter  of  Section  32  (the  Amsden  j)urchase). 

A  part  of  the  work  of  surveying  the  town  into  ijlocks  and  marking  the  streets 

and  alleys  was  done  by Davis,  Surveyor,  in  December,  1854,  but  work 

was  suspended  on  account  of  the  frost.     The  survey  was  finished  and  blocks 

divided  into  lots  in  the  Spring  of  1855, Davis,  Surveyor,  assisted  by 

Charles  C.  Lewis  and  C,.  C.  Peers,  chainmen  ;  James  Dyer  and  0.  P.  Reeves, 
proprietors.  May  20,  1855,  0.  P.  Reeves  deeded  to  James  Dyer  the  south  half 
of  the  southeast  quarter  of  the  southwest  quarter  of  Section  29.  The  original 
town  of  Burrington  was  laid  out  on  the  south  half  of  the  southeast  quarter  of 
Section  29,  and  north  half  of  northeast  quarter  of  Section  32. 

During  .the  last  days  of  December,  1854,  Mr.  Dyer  and  Mr.  Chesterman 
visited  their  new  town  of  Burrington,  accompanied  by  Francis  Bethell,  to  make 
arrangements,  for  building  a  store  and  mill  dam,  as  the  erection  of  a  mill  was  a 
part  of  the  programme.  While  here,  Mr.  Bethell  selected  two  lots  (142  and 
143)  on  the  northwest  corner  of  Main  and  Franklin  Streets,  as  a  location  for  a 
hotel,  paying  $25  for  one  and  securing  the  other  as  a  donation,  on  condition 
that  he  should  build  on  them  immediately.  Others  were  treated  in  the  same 
way  until  several  buildings  were  erected  and  the  town  began  to  grow.  At  this 
time  the  house  of  0  P.  Reeves  was  the  only  one  on  the  town  site.  The  party 
returned  to  Dyersville,  arriving  there  January  1,  1855. 

During  the  Winter  and  Spring,  Dyer  built  a  store  on  the  southwest  corner 
of  Main  and  Franklin  streets,  commencing  it  in  February.  This  store,  to 
which  additions  were  afterward  built,  is  still  standing,  and  is  called  "The 
Long  Store."  As  soon  as  it  was  completed,  a  stock  of  goods  was  put  in,  in 
charge  of  George  E.  Toogood  and  W.  H.  Board.  ,  ,    •,. 

In  March,  1855,  Thomas  Toogood  and  Francis  Bethell  commenced  build- 
ing a  house  on  the  lots  located  by  Mr.  Bethell  in  December  previous.  Ihis 
house  was  a  frame  structure,  sixty-five  by  forty-four  feet,  two  and  a  half  stories 
high,  and  was  finished  and  opened  as  a  hotel  in  the  Fall  of  the  same  year,     it 


480i  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

was  named  the  Clarence  House  by  the  proprietors,  in  honor  of  Lord  Clarence, 
of  England.  In  the  Spring  and  early  Summer,  A.  R.  Loomis  built  a  store  on 
the  middle  third  of  Lot  147,  on  the  south  side  of  Main,  east  of  Franklin  street, 
and  moved  his  goods  from  his  old  store  at  Delaware  Center.  This  store 
remained  until  it  was  removed  to  make  way  for  Riddell  Bros',  brick  block,  in 
1877.  Mr.  Loomis  also  built  a  house  on  the  south  side  of  Fayette  street,  near 
Bremer.  Edson  Merrill  erected  another  near  Loomis',  on  the  same  street,  and 
Marshall  Hancock  built  a  house  on  the  north  side  of  the  same  street,  two  blocks 
west  of  the  others,  during  the  same  Summer.  Hancock  was  the  first  to  build  a 
house  after  Toogood  &  Bethell. 

Joseph  W.  Bobbins,  M.  D.,  was  the  first  physician  to  locate  in  the  new 
town,  in  May,  1855.  Soon  after,  during  the  Summer,  Dr.  Samuel  L.  Hamlet 
moved  his  house  from  Delaware  Center,  and  located  it  on  the  northeast  corner 
of  Fayette  and  Bremer  streets. 

In  August,  1855,  Dyer  &  Chesterman  completed  a  dam  across  the  Maquo- 
keta,  about  ten  rods  above  the  present  dam  and  bridge,  and  built  a  bridge  over 
it,  the  timbers  supporting  the  bridge  being  imbedded  in  the  masonry  of  the 
dam.  The  next  year,  a  saw-mill  was  partially  built.  The  machinery  was  put 
in,  but  the  roof  was  never  put  on.  This  work  was  done  under  the  superintend- 
ence of  Mr.  William  Chesterman.  The  dam  was  built  of  small  stones  laid  in 
cement,  and  went  out  a  year  or  two  after  it  was  built. 

THE    FIRST    ELECTION. 

Until  February  7,  1855,  Coffin's  Grove  had  been  a  part  of  Delaware  Town- 
ship, and  the  polling  place  was  at  Delaware  Center,  or  Acersville.  But  at  that 
date?  Cofiin's  Grove  Township  was  established  by  the  County  Court.  There  ia 
no  record  of  the  April  election  in  Delaware  Township,  but  the  poll-book  of  the 
general  election  held  August  6,''  1855,  at  the  house  (store)  of  A.  R.  Loomis,  in 
Burrington,  shows  that  H.  L.  Ryan  was  one  of  the  Township  Trustees,  and 
Joseph  C.  Skinner,  Township  Clerk.  At  that  election,  H.  L.  Ryan,  Watson 
Roe  and  Levi  Washburn  were  the  Judges,  and  J.  C.  Skinner  and  Allen  Mead, 
Clerks  of  the  election.  The  oflScers  voted  for  were  County  Judge,  Sheriff, 
Recorder,  Surveyor,  Draining  Commissioner  and  Coroner.  For  County  Judge, 
F.  B.  Doolittle  had  28  votes,  and  Charles  W.  Hobbs,  12.  For  Sheriff,  0.  T. 
Peets  had  43  ;  John  W.  Penn,  21.  For  Recorder,  George  Watson,  27  ;  D.  E. 
Coon,  14  ;  William  Price,  1.  For  Surveyor,  W.  P.  Cunningham,  29  ;  Charles 
F.  Hobbs,  13.  For  Draining  Commissioner,  John  Hefner,  27 ;  Franklin 
Emerson,  15.  For  Coroner,  J.  M.  Noble,  27  ;  Stephen  Reynolds,  18.  The 
poll-book  of  that  election  is  preserved  in  the  ofiice  of  Mayor  Sanborn,  and  con- 
tains the  names  of  forty-five  voters  who  exercised  the  right  of  suffrage  on  that 
day,  viz.:  Albert  Thompson,  0.  P.  Reeves,  James  Penrod,  Sidney  S.  Law- 
rence, A.  R.  Loomis,  Watson  Roe,  Allen  Mead,  Levi  Washburii,  Henry  Ryan, 
J.  C.  Skinner,  S.  L.  Hamlet,  Joseph  Strawson,  Frank  Adle,  Samuel  Sweet, 
Elijah  Cheney,  Marshal  Hancock,  Reuben  Davis,  Charles  Trenchard,  William 
Davis,  Hiram  Caster,  Thomas  Brown,  Andrew  Scribner,  William  Mcintosh, 
Allen  Love,  Samuel  Scribner,  Milton  E.  Mead,  J.  D.  Scott,  George  Acers, 
Benjamin  F.  Smith,  Albert  Raymond,  Lyman  Wright,  Henry  Acers,  Thomas 
Toogood,  W.  H.  Board,  George  W.  Boyd,  John  Brownell,  L.  Burrington,  John 
H.  Taber,  Gideon  C.  Hempstead,  John  Hempstead,  J.  C.  Hosier,  Levi  Beyh- 
mer,  George  E.  Toogood,  Vernon  Burrington,  John  Acers,  Frank  Bethell. 

Rev.  H.  N.  Gates,  Rev.  Mr.  Graves  and  Elder  Bixby  preached  in  Burring- 
ton ill  1855-6. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  481 

FIRST    BIRTHS,    MARRIAGES    AND    DEATH. 

Although  the  interesting  circumstance  did  not  take  place  on  the  town  plat 
itself,  still,  being  at  the  residence  of  Allen  Love,  it  is  an  item  of  Manchester  his- 
tory itself.  In  1855,  at  the  residence  of  the  bride's  parents,  Jane,  daughter  of  Mr. 
.and  Mrs.  Love,  was  married  to  William  Mcintosh,  Rev.  Daniel  Smith,  a  Meth- 
odist minister,  officiating.  In  the  same  year,  Marvin  Reeves  was  born  to  0.  P. 
.and  Mrs.  Reeves,  undoubtedly  the  first  white  child  born  on  the  town  site  of 
Burrington  or  Manchester.  The  second  marriage  in  the  township,  and  the  first 
in  Manchester,  was  Lyman  Wright  to  Sarah  Lockwood.  The  first  death 
appears  to  have  been  that  of  Charles  E.,  son  of  0.  P.  Reeves,  who  died  July  9, 
1855,  aged  3  years. 

In  the  Spring  of  1856,  the  people  petitioned  for  the  establishment  of  a  post 
office  at  Burrington,  but  the  Post  Office  Department  declined  to  establish  it  by 
that  name,  as  it  was  too  nearly  like  Burlington.  Judge  Dyer  was  a  native  of 
England,  and  when  the  answer  was  returned,  Mr.  Peers  states  that  he  heard 
Dyer  say  :  "  There's  a  Manchester  in  England,  and  we'll  call  this  Manches- 
ter." The  name  was  returned  to  the  Post  Office  Department  for  approval,  and 
April  8,  1856,  the  Post  Office  of  Manchester  was  established  at  Burrington,  as 
the  town  was  usually  called  until  about  the  time  the  railroad  was  completed. 

The  town  plat  of  Burrington,  although  made  by  Dyer  &  Reeves,  in  1854-5, 
was  not  recorded  until  March  13,  1856,  when  the  proprietors  dedicated  the 
streets  and  alleys  to  public  use.  About  this  time,  the  Iowa  Land  Company  was 
•organized,  or  at  least  its  organization  became  pubicly  known.  To  this  company 
Dyer  sold  the  town  of  Dyersville,  and  included  Burrington  in  the  transaction. 

THE    RAILROADS. 

In  1855,  the  work  of  constructing  the  Dubuque  &  Pacific  Railroad,  between 
Dubuque  and  Dyersville,  was  commenced,  and  it  was  nearly  completed  to  the 
latter  point  in  December,  1856,  but  trains  did  not  begin  to  run  regularly  until 
the  Spring,  of  1^57.  R.  B.  Mason  &  Co.  were  the  contractors,  who  sub-let  the 
work  in  sections.  Many  of  the  sub- contractors  failed,  and  a  considerable 
portion  of  the  work  was  done  by  Magill,  Denton  &  Co.  The  firm  consisted  of 
Hugh  Magill,  N.  Denton,  Henry  Magill  and  William  Magill,  the  latter  being 
the  sons  of  the  senior  member  of  the  firm. 

During  the  Summer  of  1856,  the  Chief  Engineer  of  the  Railroad  Company, 
B.  B.  Provost,  surveyed  two  lines  across  Delaware  County  for  Dyersville ;  one 
the  shortest  and  cheapest  route,  running  by  way  of  Delaware  Center  and 
Coffin's  Grove,  the  other  passing  through  just  south  of  Burrjngton.  The  Iowa 
Land  Company  employed  Samuel  Bethell  to  make  a  careful  survey  of  the 
Burrington  route,  and  estimate  its  cost.  It  was  found  that  the  expense  of  the 
Toad  by  this  route  would  be  something  over  $13,000  more  than  it  would  cost  to 
tuild  the  road  via  Delaware  Center.  This  difference  the  Iowa  Land  Company 
agreed  to  pay,  and  thus  secured  the  final  location  of  the  road  to  and  through 
Burrington. 

AN    INCIDENT    OF   EARLY   TIMES. 

Soon  after  the  village  of  Burrington  sprang  into  existence,  one  rainy  after- 
noon in  the  Fall  of  1856,  when  everybody  was  indoors  and  other  amusements 
had  failed,  two  prominent  gentlemen,  Ex-Sheriff  Penn  and  Mr.  Burrington, 
for  whom  the  village  was  named,  bantered  each  other  for  a  foot  race  trom  tbe 
corner  of  Main  and  Franklin  streets  up  Franklin  street  to  the  next  street. 
The  mud  was  six  or  eight  inches  deep,  there  was  no  sidewalks,  and  it  was 


482  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

raining  in  torrents,  but  something  must  be  done  to  raise  a  breeze  and  get  rid  of 
the  ennui  of  a  rainy  day.  A  wager  of  five  dollars  was  put  up,  and  Penn  and 
Burrington,  barefooted  and  bareheaded,  with  trousers  legs  rolled  up,  took  their 
places  in  front  of  the  Clarence  House  ready  for  the  start.  Both  were  large 
heavy  men,  but  when  the  word  was  given  they  made  a  good  start.  The  mud 
was  deep,  however,  and  they  were  soon  winded ;  and  as  they  puffed  and  blowed 
slowly  along,  the  unique  sight  of  a  foot  race  in  a  rain  storm  in  mud  eight  inches 
deep  was  greeted  with  roars  of  laughter  from  the  bystanders,  who  will  never 
forget  the  fun  of  that  occasion.  It  is  said  that  Burrington  came  out  a  "leetle" 
ahead. 

Jan.  24,  1857,  Neil  McCormick,  residing  about  a  mile  and  a  half  east  of 
Manchester,  went  to  Delhi  with  a  load  of  wheat  to  mill.  He  was  accompanied 
by  his  son  James,  then  a  lad  of  six  years.  He  started  from  Delhi  about  4 
o'clock  P.  M.,  in  a  severe  snow  storm.  The  snow  was  deep,  the  night  was  cold 
and  the  wind  blew  a  gale.  When  within  about  a  mile  and  a  half  from  home, 
the  team  lost  the  track,  McCormick  became  bewildered,  wandered  about  all 
night,  traveled  once  in  a  circle  around  his  house  within  a  quarter  of  a  mile  of 
it,  but  the  storm  was  so  severe  that  it  could  not  be  seen.  About  3  o'clock 
in  the  morning,  the  horses  became  exhausted,  and  Mr.  McCormick  went  on 
about  three  rods,  sat  down  on  the  snow  completely  chilled.  James  was  curled 
down  in  the  sled  box  asleep.  His  father  called  him  ;  he  awoke  and  went  to  hita 
and  asked  his  father  what  he  wanted,  but  received  no  definite  reply.  James 
says  that  it  was  not  two  minutes  after  he  reached  him  before  his  father  laid  back 
in  the  snow,  groaned  and  died.  The  little  fellow,  only  six  years  old,  finding 
his  father  was  dead,  unhitched  the  horses,  climbed  on  to  the  near  one,  started 
them  off,  laid  down  clinging  to  the  hames  and  went  to  sleeps  'When  he  awoke, 
the  horses  were  standing  in  front  of  Mr.  Mitchell's  house,  a  mile  and  a  half 
from  home.  This  was  only  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  where  his  father  lay  dead 
in  the  snow.  James  was  badly  chilled,  but  recovered  in  a  few  weeks,  but  his  . 
escape  from  freezing  in  that  terrible  storm  is  but  little  short  of  miraculous. 

July  Itith  of  the  same  year,  James  McCormick,  above  mentioned,  and  his 
brother  Neil,  fourteen  months  younger,  went  bathing  in  a  little  run  at  the  head 
of  Spring  Branch,  in  Delaware  Township,  about  half  a  mile  from  where  their 
father  froze  to  death.  They  had  been  there  before,  but  a  recent  freshet  had 
made  a  deep  gully  that  they  were  not  aware  of.  Neil  got  beyond  his  depth  and 
was  drowned  before  the  men  from  a  neighboring  quarry,  alarmed  by  the  shouts 
of  James,  could  reach  the  spot.     James  came  near  drowning  himself. 

In  1857,  I.  U.  Butler  and  Wm.  H.  Board  &  Co.  built  and  opened  stores. 
In  July,  1857,  there  were  twelve  or  fifteen  dwellings  in  the  new  town,  and  a 
4th  of  July  ball  was  given  in  Butler's  unfinished  store,  which  was  hastily 
fioored  for  the  occasion.  The  siding  was  not  all  completed,  and  there  was  no 
roof  on  the  building,  but  these  were  minor  matters.  "  The' young  people  were 
bound  to  have  a  good  time,  and  they  had  it,"  says  Mr.  Butler,  ■<Nm  was  a 
spectator  on  that  occasion. 

In  December,  1857,  Messrs.  Magill  k  Co.  completed  the  road  to  Nottingham, 
known  as  Earlville,  and  did  the  most  of  the  grading  between  that  point  and 
Manchester,  but  the  great  financial  crash  of  that  year  compelled  them  to  suspend 
operations,  and  they  ceased  work  in  October.  In  July,  1859,  work  was  resumed 
by  Magill  &  Co.,  Henry  Magill  having  retired,  and  C.  H.  Carpenter  having 
become  a  member  of  the  firm,  and  the  road  was  completed  to  Manchester  early 
in  October  of  that  year.     The  depot  was  built  on  the  west  side  of  the  river. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  483 

MANCHESTER. 

By  act  of  the  General  Assemby  of  Iowa,  approved  Jan.  23,  1867,  the 
name  of  the  town  of  Burrington  was  changed  to  Manchester ;  and  during  the 
following  Summer  the  town  of  Manchester,  including  the  old  town  of  Burring- 
ton, with  large  additions,  was  surveyed  by  Samuel  Bethell.  The  plat  was  filed 
for  record  by  the  Iowa  Land  Company,  R.  B.  Mason,  President,  March  20, 
1858.  The  railroad  was  now  a  certainty,  and  the  new  town  grew  rapidly  in 
population  and  business  importance. 

The  first  case  tried  before  0.  P.  Reeves,  J.  P.,  was  that  in  which  Marcellus 
Netheway  was  plaintiff"  and  Levings  Burrington  defendant.  The  witnesses 
were  the  plaintifi",  Oliver  Cronk,  Edward  Manning,  Augustus  Manning  and  A. 
R.  Loomis.  Burrington  was  not  present.  Judgment  was  given  plaintiff  for 
$15,  and  the  costs  were  |4.25.  The  cause  was  heard  and  determined  June  9, 
1857. 

JEALOUSY    AND    DEATH. 

In  1858,  William  Brown,  a  young  man  who  was  at  work  on  the  railroad,  lived 
with  his  sister,  a  mile  and  a  half  east  of  town,  in  a  railroad  shanty.  Young 
Brown  was  paying  his  addresses  to  Kate  Gill,  an  amiable  and  comely  Irish  lass 
who  had  been  employed  as  table  girl  at  the  Clarence  House.  It  is  said  that  the 
young  couple  were  "  engaged,"  but  Brown's  sister  was  bitterly  opposed  to  the 
match.  Just  north  of  the  railroad  bridge  there  was  a  Connery  family  with 
several  ^daughters  ;  one,  Mary,  had  married  Joseph  Coughlan,  another,  Honora, 
16  years  old,  was  in  the  matrimonial  market,  and  there  were  two  younger  ones, 
Bridget  and  Anna.  Mrs.  Connery  and  Mrs.  Coughlan  visited  Brown's  cabin 
one  aftemo&i,  af^^ided  by  his  sister,  besought  him  to  leave  Kate  and  take 
Honora  Connery.  ^^iKe  had  never  seen  the  damsel,  but  her  mother  and  sister 
and  his  sister  said  so  much  that  he  finally  yielded  and  told  them  they  might  send 
for  her  at  Rockville,  where  she  was  at  work.  She  came,  saw  and  conquered. 
Poor  Kate  was  forgotten,  for  the  time  at  least ;  the  next  day  after  they  first 
met,  the  pair,  accompanied  by  friends,  went  to  Delhi  and  were  married.  It 
seems,  however,  that  the  youthful  benedict  soon  repented  of  his  hasty  marriage, 
at  least  he  appears  to  have  continued  his  attention  to  Kate,  accompanying  her 
to  dances,  etc.,  and  the  fearful  passion  of  jealousy  entered  the  heart  of  the  wife, 
who  considered  herself  neglected ;  friendly  relations,  however,  were  apparently 
maintained  among  the  parties. 

Under  these  circumstances,  on  Thursday,  August  5,  Kate  had  been  helping 
the  Connery  family  do  their  washing,-  and  in  the  afternoon,  Mrs.  Coughlan,  Mrs. 
Brown,  Bridget  and  Anna  and  Kate  went  to  the  river  about  eighty  rods  below  the 
railroad  bridge  to  bathe.  This  was  the  last  seen  of  Kate,  alive.  While  the 
party  was  absent,  a  workman  in  that  vicinity  heard  a  woman  scream,  but  thought 
nothing  of  it  at  the  time.  When  the  party  returned,  Kate  was  not  with  them 
and,  in  i^ply  to  queries,  the  Connery  family  said  that  Kate  had  gone  beyond 
her  deplth,  was  swept  off  and  was  drowned.  Kate's  friends  asserted  that  she  was 
a  good  swimmer  and  suspected  foul  play.  •,    i   i 

About  a  week  afterward,  her  naked  body  was  found  about  half  a  mile  below, 
lodged  against  some  driftwood.  Her  clothes  were  also  found  buried  in  the  sand 
and  rubbish  on  the  river  bank  near  where  the  party  had  been.  The  remains 
were  brought  to  town  and  a  Coroner's  inquest  held.  When  found,  the  poor  girl  & 
tongue  was  protruding  from  her  mouth,  and  it  is  said  that  there  were  bruises 
and  marks  of  violence  on  her  neck,  but  Dr.  Morse,  who  made  a  post  mortem 
examination,  "  found  no  marks,  of  violence  on  the  body. ' '      The  jury  brought  in 


484  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

a  verdict  in  accordance  with  the  facts.  Mrs.  Brown  and  Mrs.  Coughkn  were 
arrested  and  brought  before  0.  P.  Reeves,  Justice  of  the  Peace,  for  examination. 
The  Court  was  held  in  E.  Hamblin's  wagon  shop.  S.  G.  Van  Anda,  Esq., 
then  of  Delhi,  appeared  on  behalf  of  the  people,  and  E.  0.  Clemans  and  H.  L. ' 
Ryan  for  the  prisoners.  The  following  extract  from  the  Justice's  docket  shows 
the  result  of  the  preliminary  examination  : 

After  hearing  the  evidence  of  all  the  witnesses  and  statements  of  the  defendants,  as  above,  it 
is  considered  by  the  Court  that  the  defendants,  Honorah  Brown  and  Mary  Coughlan,  are  guilty 

of  murdering  Catharine  Gill,  alias  Devano .       It  is  therefore  ordered  by  the  Court  that  the 

defendants  be  held  for  their  appearance  at  the  next  term  of  the  District  Court  of  Delaware 
County,  Iowa,  and  that  Ann  Connery  and  Bridget  Connery  be  held  on  the  sum  of  one  hundred 
dollars  to  appear  at  said  Court  to  testify  before  the  Grand  Jury,  and  in  default,  to  be  committed 
to  the  custody  of  the  proper  officer.  OZIAS  P.  REEVES, 

August  17,  1858.  Justice  of  the  Peace. 

They  were  committed  to  jail,  but  the  Grand  Jury  failed  to  find  a  true  bill, 
it  is, said  because  instructed  by  the  prosecuting  officer  that  there  was  not  suffi- 
cient evidence  to  convict  them.  The  evidence  was  purely  circumstantial,  and  the 
eye  witnesses  of  the  closing  scene  of  Kate's  life'  declared  that  she  had  been 
drowned  accidentally  and  becoming  frightened  lest  they  might  be  accused  of  the 
murder,  they  had  buried  her  clothes.  They  were  discharged  and  soon  after  dis- 
appeared. Public  opinion  was  strongly  prejudiced  against  them,  and  the  general 
belief  of  this  community  is  and  has  been  that  while  bathing  they  fell  into  a 
quarrel  and  Kate  was  seized  and  held  under  water  to  punish  her,  perhaps  not 
with  the  design  of  drowning  her,  but  her  maddened  assailants  held  her  under 
too  long. 

JUDGE    LYNCH    MAKES    A    MISTAKE.     „? 

Brief  mention  has  been  made  in  the  general  history  of  a  lynching  affair  in 
Manchester,  in  1859,  that  is  somewhat  incorrect.  In  May,  of  that  year, 
Thomas  W.  Robinson  had  a  horse  stolen.  About  a  week  afterward,  a  span  of 
horses,  belonging  to  A.  Campbell,  strayed  away.  Campbell,  supposing  they 
had  been  stolen,  offered  a  reward  for  their  recovery.  Robert  Carl,  a  resident 
of  Manchester,  saw  the  horses  feeding  on  the  bottom  below  town,  came  and 
asked  Campbell  what  he  would  give  him  to  find  the  horses.  "  Five  dollars," 
replied  Campbell.  "  Give  me  a  halter,"  said  Carl.  The  halter  was  given  him 
and  in  about  an  hour  he  returned,  leading  the  estrays. 

Several  impulsive  citizens  jumped  to  the  conclusion  that  the  horses  had  been  . 
stolen,  and  suspected  a  man  named  Peters.  But  Peters  was  not  an  easy  man 
to  handle,  and  they  thought  that  they  might  be  able  to  make  Carl  confess. 
Accordingly  they  went  to  his  house,  called  him  out,  seized  him  and  carried  him 
to  Allen  Love's  Grove,  tied  a  rope  around  his  neck,  threw  the  other  end  over  a 
limb  and  "  strung  him  up  "  twice  to  make  him  confess.  He  stoutly  affirmed  his 
innocence,  and  they  just  run  him  up  a  third  time  when  they  became  alarmed  by 
the  approach  of  a  party  of  citizens  who  had  been  summoned  by  Mrs.  Carl,  when 
her  husband  was  forcibly  abducted,  and  the  cowardly  lynchers  suddenly  fled, 
leaving  their  victim  hanging.'  Two  of  them,  however,  more  thoughtful  than  the 
rest,  returned,  cut  him  down  and  had  barely  time  to  escape  before  the  citizens 
reached  the  scene  and  cared  for  the  nearly  strangled  Carl.  He  had  been  roughly 
and  cruelly  treated,  and  the  act  was  one  that  has  no  palliation,  no  excuse,  and, 
doubtless,  those  engaged  in  it  will  not  regret  that  their  names  are  omitted  in 
this  sketch. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  485 


A   BLACK   SUNDAY. 


One  Sunday,  March  3,  1860,  the  water  in  the  Maquoketa  was  very  high. 
The  ice  had  just  broken  in  the  river  and  was  running  out  and  the  bottoms  were 
overflowed.  About  1  o'clock  P.  M.,  on  that  day,  three  boys,  Bartholomew 
O'Rourke,  Duncan  McCormick  and  "Batty"  Harrigan,  aged  19,  15  and  12 
■respectively,  thought  it  would  be  fine  sport  to  have  a  boat  ride,  although  they 
had  been  warned  of  the  danger  of  the  undertaking.  They  unmoored  the  canoe 
and  embarked  with  only  two  sticks  for  paddles.  The  frail  bark  was  soon  caught 
in  the  rushing  current  and  was  swept  resistlessly  down  the  river  into  a  flooded 
grove  about,  three-quarters  of  a  mile  below  the  bridge.  Here  the  boat  was 
dashed,  broadside  on,  against  a  small  tree  and  was  upset.  The  two  younger 
lads  fortunately  reached  the  tree  and  climbed  into  it,  while  O'Rourke  sought 
refuge  in  another  one  near  by.  The  now  thoroughly  frightened  boys  discussed 
the  feasibility  of  attempting  to  swim  ashore  for  some  time,  but  the  current  was 
rapid,  the  ice  running  pretty  thick,  and  they  finally  concluded  that  it  was  too 
hazardous  and  they  began  to  yell  lustily  for  help.  Allen  Love,  Jr.,  and 
William  Mcintosh  heard  their  cries,  went  down  to  discover  the  cause  of  the 
alarm  and  returned  and  notified  the  towns  people  of  the  perilous  situation  of 
the  lads.  This  was  about  half-past  2  o'clock  P.  M.  Immediately  all  was 
excitement,  people  hurried  down  to  the  spot,  lumber  was  haul'ed  down  to  build 
rafts,  for  there  was  no  boat — all  was  confusion  and  advice  was  numerous. 

Among  others,  John  0.  Bremner  hurried  to  the  spot  and,  all  heated  as  he 
was  by  the  long  run,  threw  off  his  outer  garments,  tied  a  rope  around  his  waist 
and  boldly  plunged  into  the  foaming,  ice  cold  waters.  He  soon  became  chilled 
and  helpless  and  was  drawn  ashore  more  dead  than  alive.  A  rude  raft  was  hastily 
constructed  of  logs  rails,  etc.,  and  on  it  Allen  Love,  Jr.,  and  Albert  Roe  started 
to  rescue  the  boys,  but  the  raft  struck  the  tree  in  which  the  two  boys  were 
perched,  upset  and  broke  up.  Love  and  Roe  attempted  to  climb  into  the  tree 
but  it  was  not  strong  enough  and  broke  beneath  their  weight;  they  then  swam  to 
the  tree  where  O'Rourke  was  resting  alone,  that  broke  down,  and,  while  Love 
and  Roe  sought  other  trees,  O'Rourke  struck  out  for  the  west  shore  and  barely 
succeeded  in  reaching  it.  Another  raft  was  constructed  and  about  5  o'clock, 
Love  and  Roe  were  rescued,  thoroughly  chilled.  It  was  now  nearly  night. 
Mike  Reardon,  a  shoemaker,  who  had  been  drinking  some  during  the  day,  came 
down.  He  was  known  as  an  expert  swimmer,  and  John  Tiernay,  the  guardian 
of  young  Harrigan,  offered  him  five  dollars  if  he  would  bring  the  boy  ashore. 
Reardon,  unmindful  of  the  remonstrances  of  the  bystanders,  plunged  m,  swam 
to  the  tree,  compelled  Harrigan  to  get  down  (against  his  will)  and  mount  his 
back.  He  then  started  for  the  shore  with  his  burden,  but  had  swam  but  a  short 
distance  before  he  became  chilled  and  exhausted  and  told  the  boy  to  get  ofl  and 
swim  alone.  Poor  Harrigan  didn't  want  to,  but  Reardon  was  determined  and 
he  slipped  off  and  sank  immediately.  Reardon  swam  a  short  distance  farther 
to  a  little  clump  of  willows,  where  he  uttered  a  moan,  clung  to  the  bushes  and 
sank  partially,  being  still  in  sight  although  it  was  becon^ing  quite  dark,  it  was 
afterward  found  that  the  water  was  only  about  three  feet  deep  where  he  was 
drowned.  Only  young  McCormick  now  remained.  A  raft  of  lumber  was  care- 
fully constructed  bv  the  light  of  blazing  tar  barrels,  and  two  brave  rattsmen, 
Frank  Cronk  and  Robert  Parker,  started  to  rescue  him.  Just  as  they  reachea 
the  tree,  a  huge  cake  of  ice  struck  their  craft  and  drove  it  below  and  tHey 
regained  the  shore  with  difficulty.     They  didn't  care  to  go  again  on  the  per- 


486  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

ilous  errand,  but  were  at  last  persuaded  to  try  it  again,  and  had  the  proud 
satisfaction  of  bringing  the  boy  ashore  about  11:30  P.  M. 

This  -was  a  notable  event  in  the  history  of  Manchester,  and  will  not  be  for- 
gotten by  those  who  were  eye  witnesses,  although  there  are  many  different  ver- 
sions of  the  affair.  The  body  of  Reardon  was  recovered  the  next  day,  by  Mr. 
H.  L.  Bates.  He  was  still  clinging  to  the  willows  and  his  face  out  of  water 
but  covered  with  ice.     Harrigan's  body  was  not  found  until  the  water  subsided. 

In  1860, Olney  remarked  of  another  citizen,  whose  name  is  now  for- 
gotten, that  he  was  a  thief.  This  was  regarded  injurious  to  his  reputation  by 
him  of  the  forgotten  name,  who  may  be  sty  led  John  Doe.  He  sued  Olney  before 
Justice  E.  L.  Eaton,  for  defamation,  retaining  A.  S.  Blair,  Esq.  Olney  secured 
the  services  of  Henry  L.  Ryan.  Blair  introduced  his  evidence  and  made  so 
clear  a  case,  that  Ryan  saw  his  client  was  sure  to  lose.  Determined  to  save  his 
client  and  to  maintain  his  own  reputation,  Ryan  began  to  introduce  evidence  to 
show  that  his  client,  Olney,  could  not  be  believed  under  any  circumstances, 
intending,  thereby,  to  show  that  Doe  had  suffered  no  damage  to  his  character. 
Blair  objected  as  soon  as  he  saw  Ryan's  drift,  but  Justice  Eaton,  thinking  there 
was  fun  ahead,  allowed  the  evidence.  Ryan  examined  his  witnesses,  made  an 
effective  address  to  the  jury,  who  brought  in  a  verdict  for  the  defendant.  Mr. 
Blair  says,  in  this  connection,  that  Mr.  Ryan  was  as  troublesome  an  antagonist 
in  his  justice  practice  as  he  ever  met,  being  full  of  resources  in  critical  cases. 

THE    BRIDGES. 

In  1861,  the  business  of  the  town  required  that  something  should  be  done 
about  making  the  river  passable.  The  makeshift  erected  by  Dyer  &  Ches- 
terman  had  entirely  disappeared.  Accordingly,  in  1861,  the  people  of  Man- 
chester pledged  a  sum  sufficient  to  erect  a  bridge,  and  the  timbers  were  got 
out  and  hewed  by  C.  C.  Peers.  The  Board  had  appropriated  $600  toward  the 
structure.  The  bridge  was  planked  and  opened  to  the  public  the  same  Fall. 
It  was  a  well  built  structure,  and  a  credit  to  the  public  spirit  of  the  young 
town. 

June  27,  1866,  during  the  heavy  rain,  Thomas  Toogood  and  A.  M.  Sher- 
wood procured  a  heavy  cable  and  with  it  crossed  the  railroad  bridge,  came  up 
on  the  west  side,  made  fast  the  cable  to  the  wagon  bridge  and  tied  it  to  a  tree, 
steamboat  fashion,  near  L.  S.  Millett's  house.  Early  the  next  morning  their 
precaution  was  justified,  for  the  water  floated  the  structure  off  its  piers  and 
swung  it  against  the  right  bank,  where  it  looked  like  a  flat-boat  gone  to  wreck. 
When  the  water  abated,  the  work  of  replacing  the  bridge  began,  under  the  super- 
vision of  C.  H.  Carpenter,  Charles  Paxson  and  W.  C.  White.  The  timbers 
and  planks  of  the  wrecked  bridge  being  saved,  a  considerable  outlay  was  avoided. 
Piles  were  driven  and  a  bridge  put  up  in  much  the  same  form  as  Caesar's  famous 
bridge  across  the  Rhine.  This  stood  till  March,  1867,  when  it  was  broken 
down  by  the  drifting  ice,  and  again  in  1868. 

In  the  Summer  of  that  year,  after  a  heated  contest  among  various  business 
men  as  to  where  a  new  bridge  should  be  located,  the  site  having  been  finally 
referred  to  the  Board  of  Supervisors  and  fixed  by  them,  that  body  voted  an 
appropriation  of  $5,000  toward  a  new  bridge.  This  was  as  large  a  sum  as  the 
Board  was  allowed  by  law  to  grant,  and  the  Town  Council  was  obliged  to  raise 
the  additional  $6,500  necessary,  by  the  sale  of  bonds.  The  bridge  was  begun 
and  finished  in  that  year,  under  the  supervision  of  Charles  Paxson,  H.  M.  Con- 
gar  and  Joel  Bailey,  which  stood  until  1877,  when  it  was  replaced  by  a  struc- 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  487 

ture  partly  of  wood  and  partly  of  iron.     The  piers  laid  in  1868  look  as  if  thev 
would  stand  as  long  as  the  earth  itself. 

THE    PEOPLE   EXCITED. 

In  1861,  the  lot  on  the  northeast  corner  of  Franklin  and  Maih  sts.,  opposite 
the  Clarence  House,  where  a  handsome  brick  block  has  since  been  erected  by  B 
Thorp,  Sr.,  was  vacant.  On  this  lot  stood  a  "  Liberty  pole  "  about  fifty  feet 
high.  One  bright  morning,  when  the  good  citizens  of  the  town  began  to  be 
astir,  they  discovered  the  rebel  flag  flying  from  the  top  of  that  pole.  Immedi- 
ately the  whole  town  was  ablaze  with  excitement  and  indignation.  Who  was 
the  traitor  who  had  dared  to  raise  that  rag  ?  Nobody  knew,  but  there  floated  the 
Confederate  flag  and  it  must  come  down.  A  boy  was  sent  up  to  cut  the  ropes,  but 
when  he  had  climbed  to  within  six  or  eight  feet  of  the  top  he  found  the  pole 
had  been  greased  and  he  could  get  no  further.  Then  they  tried  to  cut  the  rope 
with  bullets,  but  this  was  not  successful,  and  after  some  time  axes  were  brought 
and  wielded  by  strong  arms,  the  pole  was  cut  down  and  the  hated  emblem  of 
treason  was  cut  in  pieces  by  the  loyal  and  indignant  populace.  It  was  dis- 
covered afterward  that  some  young  men  for  pure  love  of  fun  had,  during  the 
night,  tied  the  flag  to  the  pole  just  to  see  what  the  people  would  do  when  it  was 
discovered,  and  after  fastening  the  flag,  the  daring  youth  who  ascended  the  pole 
greased  it  for  several  feet  so  that  it  would  be  difiicult  to  climb  again.  The  inci- 
dent served  to  demonstrate  the  loyalty  of  the  people.  The  young  men  who 
perpetrated  this  practical  joke  afterward  entered  the  service  of  the  United  States 
and  served  three  years. 

In  March,  1864,  ten  years  after  the  first  building  was  erected,  Manchester 
contained  203  buildings,  140  of  which  were  dwellings,  and  the  business  of  the 
town  was  as  follows,  as  published  in  the  first  number  of  the  Delaware  County 
Union,  March  25,  1864  : 

Dry  Goods,  Groceries,  etc.,  Loomis  &  Cornish;  Robert  Rule;  John  Tier- 
nay  ;    H.  Hutchinson ;    Cattron  &  Wheeler ;    H.   M.   Congar  &  Co.;  Paxson, 
Thompson  &  Seeds.     Harness  Shops,  W.  H.  Bard  &  Co.;  M.  A.  Newcomb. 
Boots  and  Shoes,  B.  H.  Keller ;   Seth  Brown.     Hardware  and  Stoves,  I.  U. 
Butler  ;  Adams  &  Freelove.     Drugs,  Charles  Burnside ;  M.  Cotton.     JewSry, 
D.  R.  Lewis;  Dodson  &  Wells.     Agricultural  Implements,  N.  Ruggles.     Gro- 
ceries and  Liquoi-s,   Clinton  &  McCarty  ;  S.  Davidson  ;  W.  C.  White.     Meat 
Market,  Geo.  Brownell ;  Millinery  and  Dress  Making,  the  Misses  Davis ;  Mrs. 
R.  H.  Cotton ;  Miss  Lizzie  White.     Blacksmiths,  Edson  Merrill ;  James  Brown ; 
Harrison  L.  Bates ;  W.E.Foster.    Wheelwrights,  G.  A.  Chapman ;  H.Walton. 
Saloon,  M.  Plimpton.      Produce,  L.  A.  Loomis.      Tailor,  Louis  Haubenestel. 
Ambrotype  Artist,  E.  P.  Libby.      Chair  Factory,  G.  R.  HartwelL-     Livery 
Stable,  Morgan  &  Daggett.     Select  School,  S.  L.  Doggett.     Hotel,  Clarence 
House,  by  Toogood  &  Bethel.     Coopers,  S.  W.  Green.     Wagon  Shops,  Smart 
&  Doolittle;  Bnos  Hamblin.     Painter,  J.  E.  Harker.     Fanning  Mill  Manu- 
factory, Tush  &  Brownell.     Grain  Elevators,  I.  P.  Adams ;  A.  R.  Loomis ; 
Paxon,    Tomlinson   &    Co.     Lumber  Yard,   I.   P.  Adams.     Railroad  Eating 
House,  John  Schilling.     Press,  Delaware  County  Union,  by  Edward  Burnside. 
Doctors,  J.  W.  Robbins ;  L.  B,  Ross.     Lawyer,-  H.  S.  Blair. 

In  the  Spring  of  1865,  the  patriotic  citizens  of  Manchester  erected  another 
liberty  pole,  with  appropriate  ceremonies,  speech,  etc.  "  Thereby  hangs  a  tale." 
The  necessary  funds  were  subscribed  and  several  patriotic  citizens  organized  an 
expedition  for  the  purpose  of  discovering  a  sky-scraper,  and  obtained  one.  Soon 
after  the  mast  had  been  placed  in  position,  it  was  discovered  that  about  $60  had 


488  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

been  paid  by  the  citizens,  and  a  report  of  expenditures  was  called  for,  which 
was  rendered  substantially  as  follows. 

Citizens  of  Manchester  for  procuring  liberty  pole : 

To and  team  two  days $  6  00 

To and  team  two  days .- 6  00 

To 's  work,  two  days 2  50 

To 's  work,  two  days 2  50 

To  lunch  for  party 36  60 

To  board,  five  persons  two  days 6  25 

Total $59  75 

This  was  accepted  as  satisfactory,  but  a  few  days  after  a  German  citizen  of 
Richland  Township  put  in  an  appearance  at  Manchester  and  talked  about  legal 
proceedings  for  stealing  timber,  but  accepted  a  five  dollar  bill  as  a  compromise, 
and  some  people  say  they  don't  quite  understand  the  report  and  voucher  above 
presented. 

On  Saturday,  September  9,  1865,  a  temporary  bridge  was  built  across  the 
Maquoketa  to  take  the  place  of  the  one  which  had  been  swept  away  by  the 
floods,  on  the  site  of  the  old  one  at  the  foot  of  Franklin  street. 

The  population  of  Manchester,  in  1866,  had  increased  to  852. 

In  January,  1866,  a  brass  band,  was  organized  in  Manchester,  with  the  fol- 
lowing members :  Charles  Eaton,  Leader;  A.  M.  Sherwood,  J.  W.  Holmes, 
Robert  Rule,  Jr.,  J.  A.  Wheeler,  L.  W.  Adams,  John  F.  Merry,  H.  A.  Bur- 
nett, A.  M.  Freelove,  A.  L.  Manning,  Joseph  Gary  and  Truman  R.  McKee. 

MURDER    AND    SUICIDE. 

On  Thursday  evening,  November  8,  1866,  J.  W.  Myers,  maddened  by 
jealousy,  attempted  to  shoot  his  wife,  but  missed  her,  when  she  fell  to  the  floor; 
his  mother-in-law  started  to  her  feet  in  alarm,  having  their  four  months  old 
baby  in  her  arms,  when  he  discharged  the  remaining  barrel  at  them,  instantly 
killing  the  baby  and  badly  wounding  the  lady.  He  then  went  to  the  barn  in 
the  rear  of  the  lot,  and  cut  his  throat  with  a  razor,  three  times,  severing  both 
the  jugular  vein  and  wind  pipe. 

Edward  Burnside,  Esq.,  first  editor  of  the  first  paper  published  in  Manches- 
ter, the  Delaware  Oouuty  Union,  died  December  28,  1866. 

Until  1866,  the  village  of  Manchester  constituted  an  integral  portion  of 
Delaware  Township. 

In  November,  1865,  Simeon  L.  Doggett,  Esq.,  drafted  a  petition  to  the 
County  Court,  that  the  village  of  Manchester  and  additions  be  organized  into  a 
town.  That  petition  defined  the  boundaries  of  the  proposed  town,  and  possesses 
historical  interest,  as  it  preserves  the  names  of  many  of  the  citizens  interested 
in  municipal  afiairs  at  that  time,  and  the  following  is -a  copy  of  the  document: 

State  of  Iowa,  Delaware  County. — Petition. 
To  the  County  Court  of  Delaware  County  : 

We,  the  undersigned  petitioners,  do  hereby  petition  the  Court  aforesaid,  that  we  be  organized 
into  an  incorporated  town;  that  the  village  known  as  Manchester  with  all  the  additions  thereto, 
consisting  of  all  the  tract  of  land  as  recorded  in  the  plat  called  Manchester  (except  those  lots 
now  recorded  as  vacated),  and  of  all  the  tract  of  land  as  reborded  on  the  plat,  called  Burrington's 
Addition  to  Manchester  ;  also,  the  Iowa  Land  Company's  Addition  to  Manchester ;  also,  the  Iowa 
Land  Company's  Subdivision  of  part  of  the  village  of  Manchester;  also,  the  Railroad  Addition 
to  Manchester;  also,  Amsden's  Addition  to  Manchester,  and  of  all  the  tract  of  land  before  this 
date  laid  off  into  town  lots  and  recorded,  of  any  size,  on  any  side  of  said  Manchester,  andas  far 
north,  south,  east  or  west  as  said  lots  so  added  to  said  Manchester  may  extend,  not  including  any 
lots  now  recorded  as  vacated,  be  organized  into  an  incorponited  town.  The  territory  proposed 
to  be  embraced  in  such  incorporated  town,  being  the  same  as  that  delineated  into  lots  and  streets 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  489 

and  shown  forth  on  the  map  or  plat  to  this  petition  annexed,  being  located  mostly  on  the  north 
part  of  Section  32,  and  the  south  part  of  Section  29,  in  Delaware  Township  of  Delaware' County 
Iowa,  having  for  a  boundary  line,  commencing  in  the  middle  of  Prospect  street  at  the  corner  of 
Lot  Number  17,  in  Burrington's  Addition  to  the  village  of  Manchester,  according  to  said  map  and 
the  recorded  plat  of  said  addition;  said  lot  being  the  lot  now  occupied  by  C.  H.  Carpenter  and 
cornering  on  Franklin  street  (that  is  the  West  Union  Road)  and  said  Prospect  street;  said  line 
commencing  with  said  Prospect  street  at  said  Franklin  street  and  running  east  along  the  middle 
of  said  Prospect  street  to  Buchanan  street ;  thence  south  along  the  east  verge  of  Buchanan  street ; 
thence  east  along  the  north  line  of  North  street  in  the  Iowa  Land  Company's  Addition  to  said 
Manchester,  according  to  the  annexed  map  and  the  recorded  plat  of  said  last  mentioned  Addi- 
tion ;  thence  west  along  the  middle  line  of  the  Earlville  road ;  thence  south  along  the  east  boun- 
dary of  Lots  Number  171,  172,  222,  223,  fronting  on  Reynolds  street  of  said  village;  thence  west 
along  said  Lot  223  (its  south  edge) ;  thence  south  along  a  part  of  Wayne  street  in  the  said 
Amsden's  Addition  to  the  south  line  of  the  Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  Railroad  ;  thence  west  along 
said  railroad  (including  ot  L253  on  the  Delhi  road  just  south  of  said  railroad)  to  the  Maquekota 
River,  and  in  a  southern  direction  along  the  east  bank  of  said  river  to  a  point  opposite  the  south- 
east corner  of  Lot  Number  781,  in  said  village,  and  across  the  river  from  said  point  to  the  corner 
mentioned  last :  thence  west  along  the  south  edge  of  said  lot  and  the  contiguous  Lot  782,  to  Lot 
Number  939  in  said  village ;  thence  south  along  the  last  mentioned  lot  to  its  southeast  corner ; 
thence  west  to  the  west  edge  of  fifth  street  of  said  village;  thence  north  to  the  southeast  corner 
of  Lot  Number  940  of  sj,id  village;  thence  west  along  the  south  lines  of  said  lot  and  of  said  rail- 
road, to  Twelfth  street  of  said  village ;  thence  north  along  Twelfth  street  to  the  Burrington  and 
Coffin's  Grove  road,  and  east  along  said  road  to  Ninth  street  of  said  village  (including  Lots  Num- 
bers 482  and  505,  cornering  on  said  street  and  road  in  Manchester) ;  thence  along  said  Ninth 
street,  Howard  street  of  said  village;  thence  along  said  Howard  street  to  Lot  Number  356  in 
said  village;  thence  along  the  back  lines  of  said  lot  and  the  adjoining  Lots  Numbers  357,  358,  359, 
335,  334,  333  to  the  southwest  corner  of  said  Railroad  Addition ;  thence  north  along  the  west 
boundary  of  said  Railroad  Addition  to  the  north  line  of  the  same ;  thence  along  the  said  north 
line  or  boundary ;  thence  south  along  the  east  of  said  Railroad  Addition  to  a  point  opposite  to  the 
northwest  corner  of  JiOt  Number  32  in  said  Burrington's  Addition  ;  thence  across  from  said  point 
to  said  corner  and  along  said  Lot  Number  32  to  the  middle  of  said  West  Union  Road ;  thence 
along  the  middle  of  said  road  south  to  said  Prospect  street,  the  place  of  beginning  of  this  boun- 
dary, including  all  the  territory  within  the  boundary  line  herein  set  fortih,  and  as  shown  on  said 
map  And  your  petitioners,  the  undersigned,  declare  the  said  map  annexed  to  this  petition  is 
an  accurate  map  of  the  said  territory  proposed  to  be  embraced  in  such  incorporated  town.  And 
we  here  state  the  name  proposed  for  said  incorporated  town  shall  be  Manchester,  and  we  also 
name  as  persons  authorized  to  act  in  behalf  of  your  petitioners  in  prosecuting  said  petition,  B. 
H.  Keller,  H.  M.  Congar,  Edson  Merrill,  I.  P.  Adams,  Pardon  Wells,  I.  U.  Butler  and  S.  W. 
Green.  Your  petitioners  further  state  that  they  are  qualified  voters,  residents  of  the  territory 
to  be  embraced  in  the  proposed  incorporated  town ;  that  this  petition  in  writing  is  signed  by  not 
less  than  thirty  of  said  voters ;  that  there  are  more  than  fifty  qualified  voters  who  actually  reside 
within  the  described  limits,  in  this  petition,  and  that  this  petition  has  been  signed  by  a  majority 
of  the  voters  within  said  limits;  that  said  limits  have  been  accurately  described,  and  an  accurate 
plat  or  map  thereof  made  and  filed ;  that  the  name  proposed  for  said  town  is  proper  and  sufficient 
to  distinguish  it  from  others  in  the  State.  And  so  your  petitioners  pray  that  this,  their  said  peti- 
tion, be  granted  and  so  will  ever  pray  until  this,  their  petition,  is  granted. 

Manchester,  Delaware  County,  State  of  Iowa,  November  11,  A.  D.  Eighteen  Hundred  and 
Sixty- Five. 

(Signed)  B.  H.  Keller,  S.  L.  Doggett,  Edson  Merrill,  W.  G.  Kenyon,  W.  E.  Brown,  F.  W. 
Dunham,  P.  R.  Walton,  James  Brown,  Charles  Burnside.  K.  G.  Glover,  George  R.  Hartwell, 
George  Gilbert,  I.  U.  Butler,  J.  A.  Osborne,  J.  W.  Myers,  F.  A.  Lowell,  Tunis  Mosier,  J.  M. 
Burnett,  Robert  Rules,  J.  W.  Kelsey,  John  Otis,  Vernon  Burrington,  H.  J.  Brown,  E.  R.  Cougar,. 
J.  F.  Merry,  Willis  E.  Foster,  C.  G.  Tyler,  E.  Hamblin,  Edward  Burnside,  Lyman  L.  Ayers,  L. 
S.  Sherwin,  S.  M  Smart,  John  Crowther,  0.  A.  Bishop,  J.  C.  Aldrich,  W.  W.  Hollenbeck,  Wm. 
N.  Boynton,  S.  W.  Green  W.  C.  Cawley,  John  Moody,  Kay  B.  Griffin,  B.  B.  Walsh,  John  lous- 
lee,  D.  R.  Lewis,  T.  J.  Safl^ord,  William  Tate,  S.  W.  Stevens,  E.  H.  Barnes,  Kli  Mmer,  Orange 
Harris,  L.  A.  Roe,  A.  Rudolph,  J.  B.  Freelove,  A.  M.  Freelove,  W.  T.  Adams,  B.  F.  Skinner,  J. 
W.  Hastings,  Seth  Brown,  Henry  H.  Hills,  R.  W.  TirriU,  M.  S.  Stevens,  T.  Adams  A.  J.  Brow- 
nell,  A.  M.  Sherwood,  N.  L.  Whitney,  E.  D.  Phillips,  A.  L.  Brownell,  Hiram  Babcock,  W  A. 
Morse,  L.  H.  Abbey,  V.  Childs,  W.  Richmond,  S.  C.  Bowen,  A.  T.  Loring,  W.  S.  Doolittle,  Will- 
iam Bremner,  J.  W.  Bobbins,  A.  K.  Johnson.  J.  C.  Hadley,  C.  W.  Lyman,  Pardon  Wells  Oliver 
Cronk,  J.  E.  Brady,  M.  Cotton,  N.  Buggies,  G.  Yeoman,  E.  Tush,  J.  C.  Skinner,  N.  C.  bkinner, 
F.  A.  Walton,  L.  Haubeunestel,  Wm,  L,  Stevens,  Joseph  Coats,  E.  P.  Libby,  Fred.  Schelling,  Geo. 
Sheldon,  Wm.  V.  Cattron,  C.  M.  Bronson,  George  Brownell,  Elijah  Cheney,  George  W.  Ingram, 
Silas  Estey,  T.  Schelling,  Ira  P.  Adams,  Wm.  Cattron,  H.  M.  Congar. 

February  5, 1866,  the  prayer  of  the  petitioners  was  granted  by  J.  B.  Boggs^ 
County  Judge,  and  February  8th  the  town  plat  was  filed  for  record. 


490  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

The  first  election  was  held  May  29,  1866,  when  the  following  ofiicers  were 
elected :  A.  R.  Loomis,  Mayor ;  W.  H.  Board,  Recorder ;  C.  H.  Carpenter, 
Nixson  Denton,  Charles  Paxson,  Joel  Bailey,  John  U.  Schelling,  Trustees. 
The  Board  organized  June  11th  following,  when  W.  H.  Board  was  appointed 
Town  Treasurer,  and  the  following  first  order  was  passed : 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Bailey  :  The  Treasurer  is  to  receive  as  fees  two  per  cent,  of  all  moneys 
received  and  paid  out  by  him. 

June  12,  the  Board  created  the  office  of  Marshal,  and,  on  the  same  date, 
ordinance  No.  1  was  passed,  being  "  An  Ordinance  for  the  protection  of  the 
Public  Peace  in  the  Corporation,"  which  prohibited  racing  or  driving  any  horse, 
mule  or  team  immoderately  on  any  street  or  alley  ;  the  unnecessary  discharge 
of  any  fire-arms  within  the  town  limits  ;  indecent  or  immodest  exposure. of  the 
person  in  any  street  or  other  public  place,  or  in  the  pond  or  river ;  gambling  or 
disorderly  conduct  in  any  public  house,  and  the  indecent  exhibition  of  any  stud- 
horse or  jack  within  the  limits  of  the  town. 

On  the  30th  of  June,  Anson  Sheldon  was  appointed  Marshal.  August  20th, 
the  Town  Council  ordained  that  it  should  be  illegal  to  keep  for  public  use  any 
billiard  table,  nine  or  ten-pin  alley,  bagatelle  board  or  table,  or  shooting  gallery 
within  the  corporate  limits  of  the  town,  without  first  obtaining  a  license  there- 
for from  the  Town  Council. 

For  1867,  Mayor,  A.  R.  Loomis ;  Recorder  and  Treasurer,  W.  H.  Board ; 
Marshal,  Anson  Shelden ;  Trustees,  N.  Denton,  C.  Paxson,  Joel  Bailey,  C.  H. 
Carpenter,  J.  Acers.  September  14th,  Mr.  Acers  was  authorized  "  to  build  a 
calaboose,  to  let  the  contract  and  draw  on  the  Treasurer  for  the  requisite  funds." 
At  this  meeting,  the  question  of  issuing  bonds  for  building  the  bridge  across  the 
Maquoketa  River  was  discussed.  September  16th,  Mr.  Denton  resigned,  that 
the  people  might  have  an  opportunity  to  express  their  will  in  relation  to  bridge 
bonds,  and  at  a  special  election,  September  30th,  Nixon  Denton  was  re-elected 
Trustee  to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned  by  previous  resignation,  and  Charles  0. 
Torry  was  elected  Assessor.  February  13,  1867,  the  bridge  at  Manchester  waa 
again  swept  away. 

For  1868,  Mayor,  William  Cattron ;  Recorder  and  Treasurer,  John  Brem- 
ner ;  Assessor,  Joel  Bailey  ;  Marshal,  S.  Malone ;  Trustees,  E.  N.  Tomlinson, 
B.  H.  Keller,  E.  R.  Congar,  A.  F.  Townsend  and  L.  A.  Loomis.  March  20th, 
S.  Malone  was  appointed  Street  Commissioner.  Mayor  Cattron,  S.  Malone  and 
Tomlinson  were  appointed  a  committee  on  temporary  bridge  or  crossing  across 
the  Maquoketa  River.  The  Board  of  Supervisors  of  Delaware  County,  having 
made  an  appropriation  sufficient  to  meet  three-fifths  of  the  expenses  to  be 
incurred  in  building  a  bridge  at  Manchester,  and  .appointed  Charles  Paxson, 
Joel  Bailey  and  H.  M.  Congar  Building  Commissioners  for  said  bridge,  with 
power  to  contract  on  part  of  the  county  for  said  iron  bridge,  not  to  exceed  the 
sum  of  $5,000.  The  Town  Council,  on  the  20th  of  March,  accepted  the  propo- 
sition, and  voted  to  proceed  to  the  erection  of  a  permanent  bridge  across  the 
Maquoketa  River,  and  appointed  Messrs.  Paxson,  Bailey  and  Congar  Bridge 
Commissioners  on  the  part  of  the  town.  On  March  28th,  Messrs.  Cattron, 
Tomlinson  and  Townsend  were  appointed  a  committee  to  consult  with  the  Bridge 
Commissioners,  with  instructions  to  report  plans  and  means  of  raising  funds  for 
building  said  bridge.  This  committee  reported,  April  9th,  that  they  had  obtained 
individual  pledges  to  take  bonds  of  the  town  payable  in  1870-71-72,  and  rec- 
ommended for  approval  the  plans  for  a  bridge  drawn  by  J.  E.  Ainsworth,  for 
a  Howe  truss  bridge  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet  span.  Accepted.  April  i4th, 
the  Town  Council  appropriated  |5,000  for  the  construction  of  the  bridge  at  the 


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Xy^--^Cf--i^ 


MANCHESTER 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY  493 

point  located  by  the  County  Commissioners,  and  authorized  the  issue  of  the 
bonds  of  the  town  for  the  purpose  of  raising  that  sum. 

For  1869,  Mayor,  Simeon  L.  Doggett ;  Recorder,  H.  A.  Dyer ;  Trustees 
L.  A.  Loomis,  Hiram  Hoyt,  N.  Ruggles,  M.  Cotton,  Ira  P.  Adams.  May  18th' 
the  Town  Council  passed  "An  Ordinance  to  guard  against  fires."  ' 

For  1870,  Mayor,  S.  L.  Doggett ;  Recorder,  H.  A.  Dyer ;  Trustees,  H. 
M.  Congar,  L.  A.  Loomis,  N.'  Ruggles,  S.  G.  Van  Anda,  J.  S.  Belknap.  May 
17th,  the  Street  Commissioners,  after  making  an  examination  of  the  bridge  and 
water  ways  on  Main  street,  recommended  to  the  Council  there  be  a  new  bridge 
built  of  sixty  feet  span,  sixty  feet  east  of  the  old  bridge,  and  that  there  be  a  new 
channel  opened  accordingly;  that  the  old  channel  be  filled  and  the  banks 
properly  secured. 

For  1871,  Mayor,  S.  L.  Doggett ;  Treasurer  and  Recorder;  Trustees,  J.  S. 
Belknap,  A.  R.  Loomis,  J.  D.  Kennedy,  C.  0.  Torry,  G.  R.  Buckley. 

For  1872,  Mayor,  S.  L.  Doggett ;  Treasurer  and  Recorder,  John  F.  Merry  ; 
Trustees,  J.  D.  Kennedy,  J.  S.  Belknap,  Egbert  Hoag,  B.  H.  Keller,  Chas. 
Burnside. 

For  1873,  Mayor,  Joel  Bailey;  Recorder,  John  F.  Merry;  Treasurer,  W. 
E.  Brown ;  Trustees,  E.  Hoag,  J.  F.  McKay,  J.  S.  Belknap,  Charles  Paxson, 
Chas.  Burnside. 

For  1874,  Mayor,  Joel  Bailey  ;  Recorder,  W.  E.  Brown ;  Treasurer,  D.  F. 
Riddell;  Trustees,  Charles  Paxson,  Charles  Burnside,  J.  F.  McKay,  Egbert 
Hoag,  J.  D.  Kennedy. 

THE    TOWN    HALL. 

January  22,  the  following  ordinance,  providing  for  the  erection  of  a  town 
hall,  was  passed : 

WHEKEA9,  N.  Denton,  A.  R.  Loomia  and  L.  A.  Loomis  did,  on  the  2-5th  day  of  July,  1873, 
submit  a  proposition  in  writing  to  the  Town  Council  proposing  to  build  immediately  three  con- 
tiguous stores  on  Lots  No.  146  and  197,  in  Manchester,  Iowa,  such  stores  to  be  two  stories  high 
and  the  three  to  be  sixty -six  by  seventy,  and  offering  to  give  the  town  the  right  to  build  a  public 
hall  thereon,  which  shall  be  under  the  exclusive  control  of  the  town  during  the  life  of  the  build- 
ing ;  the  town  to  have  the  right  in  common  of  the  use  of  a  stairway  six  feet  wide,  of  ingress 
and  egress,  at  all  times,  from  Franklin  street  into  and  out  of  the  hall ;  the  walls  of  said  build- 
ing lo  be  sufficiently  thick  and  strong  to  justify  the  erection  of  such  a  hall ;  and  N.  Denton 
.  agreeing  to  bind  himself  that  no  building  shall  be  erected  on  the  south  side  of  said  hall  within 
twenty  feet,  so  as  to  interfere  with  or  obstruct  the  windows  on  the  south  side  of  said  hall ; 
which  proposition  was,  by  a  majority  vote  of  the  Council,  accepted  ;  and 

Wberea'),  Said  A.  R.  Loomis  and  N.  Denton  did,  on  said  22d  day  of  July,  1873,  submit  to 
the  Council  a  proposition  in  writing  offering  to  enter  into  a  contr;ict  with  the  town  of  Manches- 
ter to  furnish  all  the  material  and  erect  a  hall  on  the  site  proposed,  viz. :  The  second  story  of 
the  three  stores  to  be  erected  on  Lots  146  and  197,  aforesaid  ;  said  hall  to  be  sixty-six  feet  wide 
by  seventy  feet  deep  on  the  outside,  twenty  feet  high  between  floor  and  ceiling,  lighted  with  ten 
windows,  tin  roof,  which  shall  be  self-supporting ;  no  columns  to  be  used,  or  any  obstruction 
to  obstruct  the  h  ill ;  the  plan  and  elevation  to  be  submitted  to  and  approved  by  the  Council 
before  signing  the  contract,  for  the  sum  of  six  thousand  dollars,  payable  when  said  hall  is  com- 
pleted, in  town  bonds  due  ten  years  after  the  completion  of  said  hall,  with  ten  per  cent, 
interest,  payable  semi-annually  ;  and 

Whereas,  Said  Council  did,  on  said  22d  day  of  July,  1873,  by  a  majority,  pass  the  follow- 
ing resolution,  to  wit : 

Resolved,  That  the  plan  and  specification  for  the  Town  Hall  furnished  by  Herr  &  Kescher 
be  approved  and  adopted,  subject  to  such  alterations  as  may  be  deemed  expedient  before  enter- 
ing into  a  contract  for  erecting  the  same,  and  that  the  Mayor  be  authorized  to  accept  the 
proposition  of  A.  R.  Loomis  and  N.  Denton  to  construct  the  said  hall  for  six  thousand  dollars, 
payable  in  ten-year  bonds  drawing  interest  at  the  rate  of  ten  per  cent,  per  annum,  interest  pay- 
able semi-annually,  provided  he  cannot  do  better  within  twenty  days ;   and 

Whereas,  Said  Mayor  was  unable  to  let  said  contract  on  better  terms  than  those  proposed 
by  said  Loomis  and  Denton  within  the  time  above  specified,  and  did.  on  the  14th  day  of  August, 
1873,  let  the  same  to  said  Loomis  and  Denton  on  the  terms  aforesaid  ;  and 

K 


494  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

Whekeas,  On  the  7th  day  of  Novemtier,  1873,  the  following  changes  in  the  specifications 
attachedto  said  contract  were  authorized  by  a  vote  of  the  Council,  to  wit :  "  The  roof  of  said 
hall  to  be  ceiled  instead  of  plastered,  and  the  corners  of  the  ceiling  to  be  arched ;  and 

Whereas,  On, the  22d  day  of  January.,  1874,  the  time  for  the  completion  of  said  hall  was 
extended  to  the  Ist  day  of  June,  1874 ;  and 

Whebeas,  Said  Town  Hall  is  now  nearly  completed  ;  therefore  ordered,  etc. 

The  ordinance  following  this  lengthy  preamble,  which  stated  all  the  facts, 
provided  for  the  approval  and  filing  of  the  contract  and  specifications ;  the  issu- 
ing of  ten  bonds  of  five  hundred  dollars  ($500)  each,  payable  in  ten  years, 
bearing  ten  per  cent,  interest,  the  remaining  one  thousand  dollars  to  be  paid  in 
like  manner  on  the  completion  of  the  hall.  The  town  reserved  the  right  of 
paying  the  bonds  at  any  time,  and  so  save  the  interest  thereon.  The  hall  was 
commenced  in  the  Summer  of  1873,  and  finished  in  the  latter  part  of  May, 
1874. 

For  1875,  Mayor,  J.  D.  Kennedy  ;  Recorder,  W.  B.  Brown ;  Treasurer, 
D.  F.  Riddell ;  Trustees,  Charles  Burnside,  J.  F.  McKay,  N.  Denton,  A.  H. 
Davis,  Z.  L.  Atkinson. 

December  8th,  "  An  ordinance  relating  to  the  fire  department "  was  passed, 
and  a  department  organized,  consisting  of  a  Chief  Engineer  and  .Assistant  Chief 
Engineer. 

December  20th,  the  Mayor  was  authorized  to  purchase  of  the  Silsby  Manu- 
facturing Company,  of  Seneca  Falls,  New  York,  one  of  Silsby's  second  size 
rotary  steam  fire  engines  and  its  pertaining  apparatus,  the  same  to  be  paid  for 
in  bonds  of  the  town. 

For  1876,  Mayor,  S.  L.  Doggett;  Recorder,  W.  E.  Brown;  Treasurer, 
W.  B.  Jones  (resigned,  and  succeeded  by  J.  S.  Belknap) ;  vTrustees,  J.  F.  McKay, 
J.  D.  Kennedy,  A.  H.  Davis,  Z.  S.  Atkinson,  J.  W.  Ford. 

For  1877,  Mayor,  Cummings  Sanborn;  Recorder,  W.  E.  Brown;  Treas- 
urer, R.  W.  Tirrill ;  Trustees,  Joel  Bailey,  Anson  Shelden,  Z.  S.  Atkinson,  J. 
W.  Ford,  "W.  N.  Boynton. 

For  1878,  Mayor,  Cummings  Sanborn ;  Recorder,  W.  E.  Brown ;  Treasurer, 
J.  S.  Belknap ;  Trustees,  Hiram  Hoyt,  Charles  Paxson,  N.  J.  Wolcott,  Calvin 
Yoran,  J.  F.  McKay. 

In  1875,  the  Clarence  House  was  rebuilt,  a  handsome  brick  block,  three 
stories  high,  taking  the  place  of  the  old  frame  structure,  at  a  cost  of  over  $20,- 
000.  In  connection  with  this  event  is  to  be  mentioned  the  remarkable  fact  that 
the  new  house  was  erected  on  the  site  of  the  old  one,  which  was  torn  down, 
without  missing  a  single  meal  and  without  turning  away  a  single  guest.  The 
enterprising  proprietors  accomplished  a  feat  that  probably  had  never  been  done 
before — that  of  commencing  at  the  top  of  a  three-story  brick  house  and  build- 
ing downward  to  terra  firma.  It  was  done  as  follows  :  The  walls  of  the  new 
house  were  erected  around  the  old  building  and  the  roof  put  on  before  the  old 
building  was  touched.  Then  the  roof  of  the  old  was  taken  off,  and  the  third 
story  of  the  new  finished  and  'furnished.  Meanwhile,  the  guests  of  the 
"  Clarence  "  were  awakened  every  morning  by  the  music  of  the  saw  and  ham- 
mer, made  by  the  workmen  engaged  in  building  a  house  above  them.  When 
the  third  story  of  the  new  house  was  done,  the  second  story  of  the  old  was 
removed,  and  proprietors  and  guests  occupied  the  first  story  of  the  latter  and 
the  tliird  story  of  the  former,  while  the  second  story  of  the  new  was  finished 
and  fuinished.  Then  the  remainder  of  the  old  house  was  taken  out,  and  the 
first  floor  of  the  new  put  in.  This  is  the  first  and  only  instance  of  the  kind 
known,  in  this  part  of  the  civilized  world^  at  least. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  495 

About  December  1,  1875,  James  J.  Bain,  who  had  been  in  the  dry  goods 
business  since  May,  left  for  Chicago,  ostensibly  to  buy  goods.  His  wife  started 
two  weeks  before,  and  his  brother,  who  was  left  in  charge,  was  called  to  Daven- 
port, suddenly,  on  his  own  business.  Not  one  has  returned  yet ;  and  the  cred- 
itors, who  came  forward  to  look  up  their  claims,  all  believe  they  have  forgotten 
the  name  of  the  town,  for  in  no  other  way  can  their  absence  be  accounted  for. 
The  brothers  left  no  local  debts,  even  settling  their  saloon  bills  in  full. 

THE    PEARLS    OF    THE    MAQTJOKETA. 

In  the  Spring  of  1876,  a  pearl  was  discovered  in  the  Maquoketa  River, 
about  twelve  miles  north  of  Manchester,  which  came  into  the  possession  of  W. 
N.  Boynton,  jeweler,  of  Manchfester.  He  sent  it  to  Mr.  Bornemann,  of  New 
York,  to  be  set.  The  ring,  on  its  return,  was  sold  to  Mr.  N.  Denton,  and  is 
very  beautiful,  the  pearl  equaling  in  brilliancy  and  beauty  of'  tint  the  unrivaled 
pearls  of  India. 

Mr.  Boynton  has  since  found  several  very  pretty  pearls  in  the  river,  is  very 
confident  that  there  are  "more  where  those  came  from,"  and  intends  to  make  a 
more  thorough  investigation  during  the  present  season. 

FIRE    DEPARTMENT. 

Rescue  Hook  and  Ladder  Company,  No.  1,  was  first  organized  June  23, 
1873,  by  a  meeting  of  young  men,  at  Burnside's  Hall.  J.  A.  Wheeler  was 
elected  Foreman ;  M.  J.  Carroll,  First  Assistant  Foreman ;  J.  S.  Edwards, 
Second  Assistant  Foreman ;  IJ.  M.  Ruggles,  Secretary ;  F.  E.  Barr,  Treas- 
urer. The  present  ofiicers  are :  B^  W.  Jewell,  Foreman ;  R.  M.  Congar,  First 
Assistant  Foreman ;  W.  F.  Merrill,  Second  Assistant  Foreman ;  F.  B.  Gregg, 
Secretary;  F.  J.  Atwater,  Treasurer. 

Protection  Engine  Company,  No.  i.^-The  call  to  organize  this  company 
was  dated  Manchester,  July  3,  1873,  and  was  signed  by  thirty-one  citizens. 
Agreeable  to  said  call,  a  meeting  was  held  in  what  has  since  been  known  as 
Firemen's  Hall,  July  8, 1873,  and  the  following  officers  elected:  L.  Od^ll,  Fore- 
man ;  M.  Cotton,  First  Assistant  Foreman ;  L.  S.  Sherwin,  Second  Assistant 
Foreman  ;  W.  N.  Boynton,  Secretary ;  W.  B.  Brown,  Treasurer.  The  name, 
as  given  above,  was  adopted  at  a  meeting  held  on  the  23d  of  the  same  month. 
This  company  was  formed  originally  to  operate  the  chemical  engine. 

The  present  officers  are  :  Henry  Bercival,  Foreman  ;  J.  B.  Freelove,  First 
Assistant  Foreman ;  George  Steadman,  Second  Assistant  Foreman ;  D.  R. 
Lewis,  Engineer ;  D.  H.  Finch,  First  Assistant  Engineer ;  M.  Whitman,  Sec- 
ond Assistant  Engineer ;    D.  H.  Finch,  Secretary ;    W.  T.  Adams,  Treasurer. 

In  the  Summer  of  the  following  year,  the  two  companies  invited  the  fire  depart- 
ment of  Independence  to  visit  them.  The  invitation  was  accepted,  and  nearly 
the  whole  population,  including  the  ladies,  came  forward  to  assist  the  boys  in 
their  manifestations  of  hospitality.  The  visit  was  thoroughly  enjoyed  by  guests 
and  hosts. 

July  4,  1875,  the  visit  was  returned  by  the  Manchester  boys,  who  were 
most  hospitably  entertained  by  their  friends  at  Independence. 

In  December,  1875,  the  city  authorities  having  purchased  a  Silsby  fire 
engine,  it  was  given  into  the  care  of  Protection  Company,  which  was  recruited 
up  to  about  eighty  members.  _     .       ...  ,     . 

N.  Denton  Steamer  Company.,  No.  i.— Protection  Engine  Oompany  having 
become  so  large  as  to  be  unwieldy,  it  was  decided,  May  5,  1876,  to  allow  so 
many  as  wished  it  to  withdraw  and -form  themselves  into  a  new  company,  to  be 


496  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

known  as  the  "N.  Denton  Steamer  Company,  No.  1."  Accordingly,  thirty- 
eight  requested  their  names  dropped  from  the  old  rolls ;  and  on  the  10th  of 
May,  1876,  that  number  met  and  eflfected  an  organization,  electing  the  following 
officers :  A.  0.  Moore,  Foreman ;  Lemuel  Allen,  First  Assistant  Foreman ; 
Irving  Harris,  Second  Assistant  Foreman ;  M.  Cotton,  Engineer ;  Thomas 
Grice,  First  Assistant  Engineer;  T.  S.  Jones,  Second  Assistant  Engineer;  A. 
C.  Carter,  Foreman  Hose ;  Frank  Davis,  E.  J.  Doolittle,  Stokers ;  H.  S.  Lil- 
lagar.  Secretary;  Frank  Davis,  Treasurer. 

The  officers  for  1878  are:  A.  0.  Moore,  Foreman;  Lemuel  Allen,  First 
Assistant  Foreman ;  A.  C.  Carter,  Foreman  Hose ;  M.  Cotton,  Engineer ;  T. 
Grice,  First  Assistant  Engineer ;  Edward  Chaple,  Secretary ;  Olytus  Otes, 
Treasurer. 

Just  before  the  steamer  arrived  in  Manchester,  N.  Denton  donated  a  lot,  at 
the  foot  of  Main  street,  and  the  town  erected  thereon  a  substantial  engine  house, 
from  which  a  water-way  is  extended  to  the  river,  to  supply  the  engines; 

Ainply  equipped,  as  the  companies  are,  and  thoroughly  drilled,  as  well,  their 
services  have  rarely  been  required.  The  fires  in  Manchester  have  been  few  and 
comparatively  unimportant.  The  short  list  embraces  the  dwellings  of  W.  H. 
Ti^thill,  on  Main  street,  in  1868  ;  N.  Denton's  barn, in  1874 ;  H.  Whitman's 
building,  and  F.  Glisendorf's  shed,  1876 ;  Barr  Brothers'  livery  barn,  and  N. 
L.  Bates'  blacksmith  shop,  1877.  Several  other  fires  have  started,  but  the 
damage  was  small. 

MILITARY. 

Company  0,  4^A  Megt.,  I.  N.  G-. — Manchester  is  represented  in  the  Iowa 
National  Guards  by  C  Company,  which  was  organized  on  the  16th  day  of 
March,  1877,  at  a  meeting  held  in  the  office  of  E.  M.  Carr.  The  officers  elected 
are  as  follows :  Captain,  E.  M.  Carr ;  First  Lieutenant,  John  W.  Ford ;  Sec- 
ond Lieutenant,  Harry  S.  Lillagar ;  First  Sergeant,  Henry  Percival ;  Second 
Sergeant,  John  C.  Scott ;  Third  Sergeant,  Cornelius  Scott ;  Fourth  Sergeant, 
C.  S.  King;  First  Corporal,  B.  Wood  Jewell ;  Second  Corporal,  P.  H.  Snyder; 
Third  Corporal,  D.  H.  Finch ;  Fourth  Corporal,  M.  H.  Kinney.  Privates — 
Ross  Howland,  Lemuel  Allen,  Frank  B.  Barr,  James  T.  Barr,  Frank  Burring- 
ton,  R.  M.  Congar,  Albert  H.  Cottle,  John  }^.  Clough,  M.  L.  Cates,  Frank 
Davis,  E.  J.  Doolittle,  George  Ford,  Henry  W.  Green,  Irvin  N.  Harris,  Joseph 
Hutchinson,  George  Harris,  Dennis  McErlain,  "John  Mulvelhill,  Fred.  New- 
comb,  P.  H.  Ryan,  Albert  Steller,  A.  P.  Turner,  John  Towslee,  Levi  Work, 
Miles  Wilson,  Pat.  McBnany,  John  Steele,  Henry  Wellman,  Alfred  Gately, 
Thomas  Robertson,  Dan.  Ward,  Hank  Pentney,  Warren  Finch,  Dennis 
Callahan,  George  Acers,  W.  A.  Roe,  Daniel  Rearden.  This  company  did 
guard  duty  during  the  great  railroad  strike  in  the  Summer  of  1877,  and  are  now 
(1878)  in  a  flourishing  condition. 

EDUCATIONAL. 

As  a  large  portion  of  the  early  settlers  of  Manchester  had  removed  from 
older  Eastern  settlements,  they  keenly  felt  the  loss  of  school  and  church  privi- 
leges to  which  they  had  been  accustomed,  and  among  the  first  things  to  be  done 
was. the  erection  of  a  school  house.  Accordingly,  in  the  Fall  of  1855,  the 
citizens  raised  a  fund  by  subscription  and  contracted  with  Marshall  Hancock  to 
build  a  school  house.     The  contractor,  however,  failed  to  fulfill  his  contract. 

May  20,  1856,  at  a  school  meeting,  the  citizens  of  the  town  voted  to  build 
a  school  house  by  taxation.     Mr.  Dyer,  who  was  largely  interested  in  any  taxes 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  497 

that  might  be  levied,  proposed  that,  if  they  would  rescind  that  vote  and  build 
by  subscription,  he  would  give  |200.  The  vote  was  accordingly  rescinded. 
The  house  was  built  during  the  Summer  by  W.  J.  Doolittle,  contractor.  The 
house  was  located  on  Butler  street,  between  Wayne  and  Bremer  streets,  on  the 
site  where  the  present  brick  school  house  stands.  For  ten  years,  the  little  brown 
school  house  was  used  for  school,  religious  and  political  purposes  by  the  people 
of  Manchester.  While  it  was  in  process  of  erection,  Miss  Eliza  Sellens  taught 
school  in  an  unfinished  building  owned  by  A.  R.  Loomis,  near  the  corner  of 
Fayette  and  Tama  streets,  and  the  following  Winter  (1856-7)  the  first  school 
was  taught  in  the  new  school  house  by  John  Quincy  Burrington. 

In  1862,  the  question  of  building  a  new  school  house  began  to  be  agitated, 
and  March  9,  1863,  the  electors  of  Manchester  City  School  District  took  into 
consideration  the  propriety  of  raising  a  tax  for  building  a  school  house,  and 
recommended  that  a  tax  be  levied  of  five  mills  on  the  dollar,  the  same  to  be 
decided  by  ballot;  and,  in  case  the  tax  should  be  ordered,  the  Board  were 
instructed  to  borrow  not  to  exceed  $3,000.  In  April,  1864,  the  Board  of 
Directors  voted  to  proceed  to  select  a  suitable  site  for  a  school  house  in  accord- 
ance with  the  vote  of  the  electors  of  the  district,  and,  on  the  23d,  the  Board 
voted  to  purchase  "  the  three  or  four  lots  known  as  the  circus  ground  "  for  a 
school  house  site.  The  vote  was  rescinded,  and  William  Cattron  and  A.  T. 
Loring  were  appointed  to  "  examine  and  ascertain  what  places  may  be  had,  and 
at  what  price,  for  a  site  for  a  school  house."  May  24,  the  committee  reported 
that  "  six  lots  in  the  block  where  the  old  school  house  is  located  could  be  bought 
for  |1,200,  viz.,  five  owned  by  Mr.  Ruggles,  for  $800,  and  one  owned  by  Mr. 
McLaughlin  for  $400,"  whereupon  Mr.  Cattron  and  Joel  Bailey  were  appointed 
to  confer  with  Mr.  Ruggles  in  "  relation  to  his  pay,  and,  also,  to  ascertain  the 
present  resources  of  the  district."  May  31,  the  Board  directed  the  President 
to  "  sell  the  lot  recently  purchased  for  not  less  than  $200."  (The  records  do  not 
indicate  the  purchase  of  this  lot.) 

November  28,  1864,  A.  T.  Loring  and  J.  Bailey,  a  committee  to  procure 
suitable  rooms  for  school  purposes,  reported  that  they  had  secured  the  basement 
of  the  Methodist  Church  for  one  year  for  $200. 

January  30,  1865,  a  committee  was  appointed  to  "procure  a  sufficient 
amount  of  rock  for  to  make  seventy-five  (!ord,  with  what  has  already  been  con- 
tracted for."  February  3,  it  was  ordered  that  the  Board  proceed  to  erect  the 
walls  and  enclose  a  building  for  school  purposes  principally  after  the  plan  pre- 
sented by  Mr.  Dunham.  February  20,  Wm.  Cattron,  C.  Paxson  and  J. 
Bailey  were  appointed  a  committee  to  purchase  Lots  10,  13,  268,  269  and^TO 
of  Mr.  Ruggles,  at  a  price  not  to  exceed  $950,  and  on  the  30th,  the  committee 
reported  the  purchase  of  the  lots  for  $900.  _ 

March  6,  1866,  C.  Paxson,  A.  T.  Loring  and  E.  R.  Congar  were  appointed 
to  "  make  a  rough  estimate  for  a  new  school  house  to  present  to  the  electors  on 
the  second  Monday,"  which  was  probably  done.         ,  ,^  ^„„„    , 

At  a  meeting  of  the  electors  of  the  district,  March  12, 1866,  the  proposition 
to  raise  $10,000  for  school  house  purposes  was  earned  by  a  vote  ot  lb»  to  6. 
At  a  meeting  of  the  Board,  March  26,  11.  M.  Congar  Charles  Paxson  and 
A.  T.  Loring  were  appointed  a  committee  to  obtain  and  submit  a  plan  tor  the 
new  school  house.  This  committee  reported,  April  6,  that  the  buildmg  should 
be  built  of  brick,  and  three  stories  high. 

May  29th,  plans  and  specifications  drawn  by  William  Carroll,  of  Daven- 
port, were  submitted  and  accepted,  for  which  $100  were  paid,  and  Messrs.  IL 
M   Congar  A.  F.  Townsend  and  Charles  Paxson  were  appointed  a  Building 


498  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

Committee.  N.  Ruggles  was  employed  as  Superintendent.  On  the  20th  of 
July,  1866,  work  was  commenced,  and  before  Winter  the  foundations  were  laid 
and  the  walls  erected.  Work  on  the  interior  progressed  during  the  Winter. 
The  building  was  completed  in  August,  1867,  at  a  total  cost  of  $13,483.31,  and 
will  accommodate  400  pupils.  The  building  was  dedicated  on  Friday  after- 
noon, August  30,  by  music  by  the  Manchester  Glee  Club,  prayer  by  Rev.  A. 
K.,  Johnson,  after  which  the  Secretary  of  the  Board  made  his  report,  from 
which  it  appears  that  the  mason  work  was  done  by  Thomas  Lloyd,  of  Dubuquef 
the  carpenter  and  joiner  work  by  Hadley  &  Kenyon,  and  the  painting  by  Will- 
iam Tate.  After  this  report,  A.  S.  Blair,  Esq.,  delivered  a  short  address,  fol- 
lowed by  the  presentation  of  the  keys  of  the  building  to  Prof.  Jonathan  Piper, 
who  had  been  elected  Principal  of  the  school. 

On  Monday,  September  2,  the  first  term  of  school  was  opened  in  the  new 
school  house,  in  charge  of  Prof.  Piper,  Principal ;  R.  Kissick,  Assistant  Princi- 
pal ;  Lou  A.  Borton,  Elma  R.  Annis,  Miss  StanclifFe,  Miss  Clark  and  M.  A. 
Loomis. 

June  19,  1868,  in  answer  to  a  resolution  of  the  Board  requesting  such 
teachers  as  wished  to  be  retained  to  make  application  accordingly,  the  following 
note  was  read : 

To  the  Honorable  Secretary  of  the  School  Board,  Manchester  Ind.  District : 

Sir — Yours  of  the  3d,  communicating  the  direction  of  the  School  Board,  at  hand.  In 
reply,  permit  me  to  say  that  I  am  not  in  the  habit  of  applying  for  a  situation  to  teach.  Parties 
desiring  my  services  have  already  applied  to  me.  Others  desiring  my  services  must  do  the 
same.  The  running  after  a  chance  to  teach  school  is  always  commendable  in  those  who  have 
nothing  else  to  do.  Respectfully,  J.  PIPER. 

Notes  of  similar  purport  were  received  from  all  the  other  teachers,  but  their 
bluntness  did  not  impair  their  prospects,  for  they  were  nearly  £^11  retained.' 

In  1875,  the  town  had  outgrown  its  school  house,  and  it  was  necessary  to 
provide  additional  rooms.  Accordingly,  July  31,  the  Board  awarded  the  con- 
tract for  the  construction  of  a  frame  school  house,  located  a  little  north  of  the 
brick  house,  on  the  same  block,  at  contract  price  of  $1,150.  The  town  has 
become  too  large  for  a  single  school,  and  the  erection  of  the  new  school  house 
in  1875  was  the  commencement  of  a  system  of  ward  schools. 

August  19,  1875,  the  citizens  on  the  west  side  of  the  river  petitioned  the 
Board  to  build  another  school  house  in  that  part  of  town.  The  Board  decided 
to  disallow  the  petition,  one  reason  being,  in  order  to  maintain  the  grades 
already  established,  that  it  would  be  necessary  to  send  pupils  from  the  East 
Side,  who  would  have  to  cross  the  bridge  in  all  kinds  of  weather,  unaccom- 
panied by  older  children,  which  reason  would  not  apply  to  those  coming  from 
the  west. 

The  School  Board  for  the  year  1878,  is  as  follows :  J.  D.  Kennedy,  Presi- 
dent ;  W.  H.  Seeds,  Treasurer ;  R.  W.  Tirrill,  Secretary ;  Hiram  Hoyt,  C. 
Yoran,  C.  E.  Bronson,  R.  B.  Griffin  and  C.  Noran.  The  teachers  selected  for 
the  school  year  1878-9  are  C.  D.  Clark,  Principal ;  Adelbert  Selders,  Assist 
ant ;  Alice  Barney,  Alice  Shimmin,  Flora  Madison,  Kate  Shimmin,  Minnie 
Rann,  Hattie  Chamberlain. 

KINDERGARTEN. 

The  Kindergarten  School  is  situated  on  Howard  street,  near  Wayne,  and 
was  established  about  May  1st  of  the  present  year.  This  is  the  enterprise  of 
Mrs.  Elma  R.  Congar,  who  had  the  building  erected  in  April.  The  school  was 
opened  with  about  twenty  little  pupils.  The  room  is  attractively  furnished, 
and  the  floor  carpeted. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  499 

MANCHESTER    SELECT    HIGH    SCHOOL. 

This  school  was  established  by  Mrs  Mary  W.  Doggett,  in  Manchester,  Iowa, 
•on  the  3d  day  of  November,  A.  D.  1858,  and  continuously  existed  for  seven 
years,  in  Carpenter  s  brick  building  and  in  Hulbert's  Hall 

During  the  time,  the  English  branches  and  instruction  on  the  piano  were 
taught  by  the  above  named  lady,  as  Preceptress ;  and  she  was  assisted  part  of 
the  time  by  Proi.  Artzman,  as  a  teacher  of  music. 

^  ??'%  ^f'^^T  ^^  ^  P,°^'^'^^^  ^""'^^  f™°^  Germany.  He*  was  a  man  of  won- 
derful skill  on  the  piano,  having  devoted  eleven  years  of  study  to  music  in  the 
most  celebrated  musical  conservatories  of  Europe.  ' 

The  Preceptress  was  also  for  a  part  of  the  time  assisted  by  Miss  Gertrude  G 
^.°/Sett,  a  lady  of  rare  native  grace  and  of  brilliant  accomplishment ;  now  the 
wife  of  B.  F.  Norris,  of  Chicago  and  with  her  family  now  enjoying  a  trip 
through  Europe.  The  assistant,  Gertrude,  was  also  the  Preceptress  of  the 
school  for  a  year. 

The  classical  department  was  conducted  throughout  the  existence  of  the 
school  by  S.  L.  Doggett.  and  the  following  languages  were  continuously  taught, 
viz.:  French,  German,  Latin  and  Greek.  This  department  was  quite  success- 
ful and  prominent. 

Miss  Libbie  Merrill,  student  in  French  here,  afterward  while  attending 
Bradford  Seminary,  Mass.,  was  praised  by  the  Modern  Language  Professor  of 
the  institution  for  her  proficiency  in  French  and  her  correct  pronunciation 
therein,   "that  she  must  have  been  taught  by  a  Frenchman." 

L.  L.  Ayres  made  a  good  Latin  scholar  at  this  school.  Also  might  be  men- 
tioned John  M.  Crocker,  student  in  Greek,  now  a  minister  in  Kansas,  and  one 
of  the  most  scholarly  men  in  that  State. 

Miss  Lovell,  student  in  Latin,  now  adorns  Dubuque  society  as  the  wife  of 
a  prominent  and  wealthy  lawyer. 

A  course  of  lectures  was  also  a  distinguishing  part  of  the  plan  of  this  school. 
Several  courses  on  "  Literature  "  were  delivered  by  the  Preceptor,  S.  L.  Dog- 
gett. 

A  course  of  lectures  on  "Mental  Philosophy"  was  delivered  during  two 
terms  by  Rev.  L.  B.  Fifield,  now  of  the  State  Superintendency  of  Nebraska. 

And  a  course  on  "  Physiology,"  by  Dr.  Wm.  H.  Morse,  afterward  a  volun- 
teer Captain  and  patriot. 

Also,  lectures  on  "  Hygiene,"  by  Dr.  S.  W.  Green,  of  Manchester,  Iowa. 

Throughout  the  duration  of  the  school,  a  debating  society,'  with  a  musical 
'department  and  with  attendant  festivals  and  exhibitions,  was  very  prosperously 
maintained  by  the  students.  Some  of  the  discussions  lasted  two  evenings  and 
were  listened  to  by  many  of  the  citizens  and  participated  in  by  professional  men 
of  the  town.  The  exhibitions  were  marked  for  the  beauty  displayed  in  their 
decorations  and  for  their  histrionic  eflFect,  and  attracted  attendance  from  the 
remotest  part  of  the  county.  The  festivals  of  the  school  were  noted  social 
events  of  the  town. 

On  these  occasions,  toasts  were  responded  to  by  distinguished  men.  In 
responding  to  one  of  these  toasts,  in  1863,  on  "Literary  Culture,"  the  Rev.  -B. 
M.  Amsden  said,  "  And  1  here  confidently  can  say  that  the  Manchester  Select 
High  School,  since  it  commenced,  has  advanced  the  cause  of  education  fifty  per 
cent,  in  Delaware  County." 

For  seven  years,  Delaware  County  was  under  special  obligations  to  Man- 
chester Select  High  School  for  a  supply  of  teachers  for  the  public  schools  ;  and 


500  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

the  Union  owes  a  debt  to  the  seventeen  young  men  from  this  school,  volunteers 
for  their  country,  faithful  throughout  the  war;  some  of  them  still  alive  and  now 
honored ;  others  of  them  sacrificed  on  Southern  battle  fields  and  now  wept  by 
those  who  loved  them  well. 

Many  of  the  scholars  attended  two  and  some  three  years  continuously,  and 
if,  on  final  examination,  a  scholar  deserved  commendation,  he  or  she  received  a 
diploma. 

The  highest  number  attending  the  school  at  any  one  time  was  105  and  now 
(1878)  most  of  them  are  well  known  as  intimately  connected  with  the  intelli- 
gence, the  society,  prosperity  and  business  of  Delaware  County. 

This  school  closed  in  the  Fall  of  1864,  not  for  want  of  patronage,  but  because 
the  teachers  were  at  last  tired  out  with  its  labors,  and  not  very  well  satisfied  with 
the  remuneration  obtained  and  for  want  of  a  suitable  building  in  Manchester. 

Manchester  never  fully  realized  her  day  of  grace  in  the  matter  of  high 
instruction,  and  the  genius  of  education  settled  upon  the  more  liberal  and  dis- 
cerning town  of  Hopkinton. 

RELIGIOUS. 

The  first  regular  religious  ministrations  in  Burrington,  now  Manchester, 
were  commenced  in  the  Summer  of  1855,  by  Rev.  A.  Graves,  then  the  Pastor 
of  the  Congregational  Church  at  Yankee  Settlement,  who  preached  on  alternate 
Sabbaths  at  11:15  A.  M.,  in  the  Acers  School  House  at  Delaware  Center,  and 
same  days  preached  at  Burrington.  At  that  time,  there  were  fifteen  buildings 
in  the  town.  The  services  were  conducted  in  an  unfinished  dwelling  then  owned 
and  occupied  by  S.  R.  Grow,  on  the  north  side  of  Fayette  street,  between  Tama 
and  Bremer,  a  little  west  of  the  present  site  of  the  Nix  House.  In  May,  1856, 
Rev.  L.  B.  Fifield  commenced  to  labor  in  the  Gospel  vineyard  at  this  place. 

The  Congregational  Church. — June  29,  1856,  a  meeting  preliminary  to  a 
church  organization  was  held  in  an  unfinished  and  unoccupied  building  that 
then  stood  on  the  north  side  of  Fayette  street,  east  of  Wayne,  and  the  church 
was  duly  organized,  August  3,  1866 ;  the  sermon  by  Rev.  A.  Graves,  conclud- 
ing prayer  by  H.  N.  Gates.  The  original  members  were  Rev.  L.  B.  Fifield, 
Emily  J.  Fifield,  Peter  Richardson,  Lucinda  C.  Richardson,  Sanford  R.  Grow, 
Susan  Grow,  George  Hartwell  and  Julia  A.  Hartwell. 

For  eight  years,  services  were  held  in  private  houses,  in  the  old  brown  school 
house,  which  stood  on  the  site  of  the  present  brick  school  building,  and  in  Hul- 
burt's  Hall. 

At  a  meeting  held  in  Burrington  Hall  it  was  voted  to  proceed  to  build  a 
house  of  worship.  A  Building  Committee,  consisting  of  Rev.  A.  T.  Loring, 
S.  R.  Grow  and  S.  T.  Wheeler,  were  appointed.  On  the  7th  of  September, 
1864,  the  present  church  edifice  was  formally  dedicated.  Rev.  0.  W.  Merrill 
preached  the  dedicatory  sermon,  Rev.  Mr.  Hew  de  Bourck  offered  the  dedicatory 
prayer. 

The  cost  of  the  building  was  about  $3,500,  the  American  Congregational 
Union  contributing  $300.  Improvements  from  time  to  time  have  been  made  tO' 
the  building.     A  new  Meneely  bell,  at  an  expense  of  $515,  was  put  up  in  1873. 

The  ministers  who  have  served  from  the  organization  of  the  church  to  the 
present  (1878)  time  are  Revs.  L.  B.  Fifield,  August  3,  1856,  to  June,  1860; 
A.  T.  Loring,  from  July,  1860,  to  July  20,  1866 ;  Daniel  Russell,  from  October 
1,  1866,  to  April  1,  1867;  A.  A.  Baker,  from  October  30,  1867,  to  October  1, 
1869 ;  E.  R.  Stiles,  who  commenced  preaching  December  19,  1869,  was  in- 
stalled November  8, 1870,  by  Rev.  J.  S.  Bingham,  D.  D. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  501 

Deacons :  George  Hartwell,  from  September  18, 1856,  to  October  28, 1857  • 
B.  H.  Keller,  from  September  17,  1856,  to  January  6,  1858 ;  Peter  Ricliard' 
Bon,  from  January  6,  1858,  to  May,  1871 ;  Wm.  Bremner,  from  January  2, 
1861,  to  the  present  time ;  F.  W.  Dunham,  from  March  21,  1866,  to  July  s' 
1867 ;  H.  L.  Servoss  and  B.  H.  Keller,  from  May,  1870,  to  1873.  Present 
(1878)  membership  150. 

Present  church  officers:  Trustees,  W.  H.  Goodell,  H.  A.  Granger  and 
Frank  Atwater;  Clerk,  H.  M.  Buggies;  Deacons,  Wm.  Bremner,  Wm.  Good- 
ell and  C.  Sanborn. 

A  weekly  prayer  meeting  has  been  kept  up  since  the  organization  of  the 
church. 

Since  the  Fall  of  1864,  a  Sunday  school  has  been  sustained  by  the  church  ; 
previous  to  that,  it  had  for  several  years  helped  to  form  the  Union  Sunday  school 
which  met  in  the  public  school  house.  Wm.  Bremner,  B.  H.  Keller,  H.  L. 
Servoss,  Jonathan  Piper,  Luke  Harvey,  H.  W.  Rule  have  been  its  Superin- 
tendents. Sunday  school  officers  for  1878  are  H.  W.  Rule,  Superintendent; 
R.  M.  Marvin,  Assistant  Superintendent ;  George  A.  Day,  Chorister ;  Eva  L. 
Day,  Organist;  F.  B.  Gregg,  Secretary  and  Treasurer. 

Ladies'  Aid  Society. — Previous  to  August  16,  1861,  the  ladies  of  this  denom- 
ination co-operated  with  the  Union  Benevolent  Society ;  since  then,  they  have 
formed  an  independent  association,  having  the  same  object  in  view.  Socially 
and  financially  their  efforts  have  met  with  the  greatest  success. 

Baptist  Church  {regular),  organized  October  26,  1855,  with  six  members, 
viz.,  Edson  and  Elizabeth  Merrill,  Ozias  P.  and  Almedia  Reeves,  John  L.  and 
Elmira  Baldwin. 

The  first  meetings  were  held  in  an  unfinished  house  belonging  to  John  L. 
Reeves.  July  1,  1859,  the  church  decided  to  incorporate  according  to  the  Iowa 
S|(.te  laws,  and  on  the  12th  o"f  July,  18^9,  the  articles  of  incorporation  were 
filed  with  the  County  Recorder,  J.  Bailey,  by  Ozias  P.  Reeves,  then  Church 
Clerk.  The  Pastor  at  that  time  was  J.  Y.  Aitchison,  and  the  congregation, 
consisting  of  about  thirty-one  members,  used  the  old  brown  school  house,  which 
stood  on  the  site  of  the  present  public  school  building,  as  a  place  of  worship. 
In  1861,  in  connection  with  two  other  denominations,  Hulbert  Hall,  located  on 
the  west  side  of  Franklin  street,  between  Main  and  Fayette  streets,  was  rented, 
remaining  until  1863,  when  they  returned  to  the  school  house,  where  they  wor- 
shiped but  for  a  short  time,  when — the  town  having  sold  the  building— they 
were  again  compelled  to  move.  This  time,  in  consideration  of  a  yearly  rental 
of  1200,  the  exclusive  use  of  Thorp's  Hall,  located  on  the  northeast  corner  of 
Main  and  Franklin  streets,  was  secured.  August  5,  1871,  the  Church,  m 
special  session,  resolved  to  commence  the  erection  of  a  house  of  worship.  John 
Stewart,  A.  L.  Baldwin  and  N.  L.  Whitney  were  appointed  a  Building  Com- 
mittee. At  the  next  regular  covenant  meeting,  the  resolution  was  concurred  in 
by  the  Church  as  a  body,  and  two  more,  Edson  Merrill  and  William  Mcintosh, 
added  to  the  Building  Committee.  A  site,  costing  $300,  was  selected  on  the 
northeast  corner  of  Butler  and  Madison  streets.  The  building,  completed  in 
May,  1872,  was  dedicated  to  the  service  of  God  the  first  Sabbath  m  June,  same 

year,  by  Rev.  N.  F.  Ravlin.  „,     t,  •      i.  v,« 

The  membership  at  present  (1878)  is  about  74.     The  Pastor  in  charge,  who 

came  in  1876,  is  Rev.  Lucius  M.  Whiting.         .     ^^      ,  .     ,  ir^hrn^rv 

Woman's  Mission  Circle,  of  the  First  Baptist  Church,  organized  February 
10,  1875,  with  eleven  members.      The  following  were  the  first  body  of  officers 
elected  f^r  the  next  ensuing  year:     Mrs.  Sarah  F.  Stewart,  President;  Mrs. 


502  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

W.  H.  Irvine,  Vice  President ;  Miss  Mattie  Melntosli,  Secretary ;  Miss  Nettie 
Fuller,  Treasurer;  Mrs.  George  Webber,  Mrs.  Harris,  Mrs.  Fuller,  Mrs.  Quack- 
enbush,  Solicitors.  Officers  for  1878:  Mrs.  Sarah  F.  Stewart,  President; 
Mrs.  A.  T.  Whiting,  Vice  President ;  Mrs.  Julia  E.  Brownell,  Secretary  and 
Treasurer  ;  Miss  Laura  Pacer,  Miss  Leathermar. 

Meetings  are  held  the  second  Sabbath  of  each  month  in  the  First  Baptist 
Church ;  monthly  tea  sociables  are  given  by  invitations  at  the  houses  of  mem- 
bers. 

This  society  is  auxiliary  to  the  Woman's  Mission  Association  of  the  West, 
whose  object  is  the  procurement  of  money  for  the  support  of  lady  foreign  mis- 
sionaries. The  amount  of  funds  raised  the  first  year  of  organization  was  $20.10, 
and  for  1878,  $24.50.  This  society  is  included  in  the  district  of  Dubuque, 
of  which  Mrs.  Sarah  F.  Stewart  is  the  Secretary  and  resident  Correspondent. 
Ladies  Aid  Society,  of  the  Manchester  First  Baptist  Church,  organized 
as  a  sewing  circle  June  3,  1859,  with  fifty-one  members  and  the  following  offi- 
cers :  Mrs.  Reeves,  President ;  Mrs.  Grow,  Vice  President ;  Mrs.  Doggett, 
Secretary  and  Treasurer ;  Miss  E.  A.  White,  Mrs.  H.  Acers,  Mrs.  Hamlin, 
Managers ;  Mrs.  Baldwin,  Mrs.  Merrill,  Mrs.  Hamlin,  Visiting  Committee. 
Officers  for  1878:  Mrs.  J.  Mcintosh,  President;  Mrs.  A.  T.  Whiting,  Vice 
President ;  Mrs.  S.  F.  Stewart,  Secretary  and  Treasurer ;  Mrs.  C.  H.  Harris, 
Mrs.  George  Webber,  Mrs.  A.  Fuller,  Mrs.  J.  Chaple,  Managers  and  Visiting 
Committee. 

Meetings  are  held  at  the  houses  of  members,  by  invitation,  once  in  two 
weeks. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  was  organized  in  the  Fall  of  1855,  Dan- 
iel K.  Fox  and  wife  being  the  only  members.  Soon  after,  William  Acers, 
Adolphus  Hardendorf  and  Mrs.  C.  C,  Peers  united.  Rev.  Mr.  Alger  was  the 
first  minister,  succeeded  by  Rev.  F.  X.  Miller  and  S.  C.  Churchill,  on  what 
was  then  termed  Manchester  Circuit ;  Rev.  John  Webb  and  J.  A.  Van  Anda, 
J.  F.  Hestwood  and  E.  R.  Latter. 

The  subsequent  Pastors  have  been :  E.  W.  Jeffries,  three  years ;  A.  K. 
Johnson,  two  years  ;  R.  Norton,  one  year  ;  L.  Catlin,  two  years  ;  L.  H.  Car- 
hart,  one  year ;  F.  M.  Robertson,  one  year,  1872  ;  J.  R.  Berry,  1873-4 ;  F. 
X.  Miller,  1875-6 ;  D.  Shefi^er,  1877 ;  R.  N.  Earhart,  1878. 

The  church  edifice  was  commenced  under  the  pastorate  of  E.  W.  Jeffries, 
and  completed  in  1868.  The  building  is  56x36  feet  in  size,  with  basement. 
The  oversight  of  its  construction  was  entrusted  to  Ira  P.  Adams  and  William 
Cattron.  The  parsonage  was  begun  under  the  pastorate  of  A.  K.  Johnson,  in 
1867,  and  enlarged  in  1870. 

Daniel  K.  Fox  was  the  first  class  leader,  holding  the  position  three  years. 
Ira  P.  Adams  has  held  the  position  continuously  ever  since.  The  present  Offi- 
cial Board  and  members  of  Quarterly  Conference  are :  R.  W.  Keeler,  Presiding 
Elder ;  R.  N.  Earhart,  Pastor ;  Laymen :  C.  Yoran,  M.  F.  LeRoy,  0.  D. 
Clark,  B.  N.  Reynolds,  W.  M.  Wilcox,  C.  Perkins,  I.  L.  Walters,  C.  W. 
Keagy,  I.  P.  Adams,  J.  H.  Stevens,  C.  0.  Torrey,  W.  T.  Adams,  Geo.  Com- 
merford,  J.  A.  Cooley,  R.  W.  Purdy,  J.  C.  McKee. 

The  Universalist  Church. — The  first  sermon  in  Manchester  was  delivered 
in  the  Summer  of  1859,  in  the  second  story  of  a  brick  building,  on  the  corner 
of  Butler  and  Franklin  streets,  then  known  as  "  Burrington's  Hall,"  by  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Dennis,  who  was  then  living  in  Dubuque.  Effiarts  were  made  at  that 
time  for  continued  services,  but  owing  to  the  small  number  of  resident  Univer- 
salists,  the  efforts  proved  unsuccessful,  and  they  had  but  occasional  sermons 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  503 

until  the  Winter  of  1864,  when  arrangements  were  made  with  the  Rev.  Joy 
Bishop,  known  in  Delaware  County  as  "  Father  Bishop,"  to  preach  every  alter- 
nate Sabbath.  These  services  were  continued  until  the  Summer  of  1865,  in 
the  Congregational  Church,  the  last  meeting  of  the  series  being  held  in  the  open 
air,  directly  in  front  of  the  church,  because  the  key  to  the  church  could  not  he 
found. 

At  this  meeting,  a  few  of  the  most  zealous  friends  of  the  cause  first  origi- 
nated the  idea  of  building  a  TJniversalist  Church  in  Manchester,  but  the  idea 
was  not  carried  into  execution  until  several  years  later. 

The  next  regular  preaching  was  commenced  in  the  Spring  of  1868,  in  a 
room  known  as  Belknap's  Hall,  by  the  Rev.  Henry  Jewell.  A  Constitution, 
consisting  of  seven  liberal  articles  for  the  government  of  the  society,  was 
adopted  at  a  meeting  held  at  Belknap's  Hall,  June  20,  1868,  to  which  fifty 
persons  subscribed  their  names  as  members.  The  Rev.  Henry  Jewell  contin- 
ued preaching  every  Sabbath  until  September  28,  1869. 

Oh  the  30th  day  of  March,  1869,  a  meeting  was  held  at  Burnsides'  Hall, 
for  the  purpose  of  deciding  the  question  in  regard  to  building  a  church  edifice. 
A  subscription  paper  was  started,  and  $3,000  pledged  for  that  purpose ;  but  it 
being  the  impression  that  a  suitable  edifice  could  not  be  built  for  less  than 
$5,000,  H.  M.  Congar,  B.  R.  Congar,  Rev.  Henry  Jewell,  Thomas  Toogood,  Gil- 
bert Yeoman,  A.  M.  Sherwood,  Hiram  Babcock,  Jacob  Hoag,  T.  Crosby,  E.  J. 
Congar,  R.  Gr.  Clifford,  J.  Gilbert  and  R.  W.  Tirrill  pledged  themselves  to 
raise  the  subscription  to  $5,000.  Messrs.  N.  Denton,  A.  M.  Sherwood,  G. 
Yeoman,  T.  Crosby  and  R.  W.  Tirrill  were  appointed  a  Building  Committee. 
The  society  was  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  State,  May  4,  1869 ;  Clark 
Bliss,  Sr.,  Thomas  Toogood,  H.  M.  Congar,  A.  M.  Sherwood,  E.  M.  Tomlin- 
son,  E.  R.  Congar,  L.  S.  Bemis  and  E.  Hoag  being  the  corporators. 

The  first  officers  under  the  incorporation  were :  E.  M.  Tomlinson,  Presi- 
dent; Clark  Bliss,  Sr.,  and  James  P.  Robertson,  Vice  Presidents;  E.  R.  Con- 
gar, Treasurer ;  R.  W.  Tirrill,  Secretary. 

The  present  edifice  was  commenced  May  10,  1869,  and  completed  May  7, 
1871,  at  a  total  cost  of  $8,030.44.  The  dedicatory  services  were  conducted  by 
Rev.  J.  W.  Hanson,  of  Chicago.  Rev.  E.  R.  Wood  was  the  first  regular  Pas- 
tor, commencing  his  ministrations  in  September,  1871,  and  contmumg  until 
September,  1873. 

The  next  Pastor  was  Rev.  W.  J.  Hicks,  of  Strawberry  Point,  who  preached 
here  every  alternate  Sunday  for  six  months.  For  nearly  three  years  following 
the  society  remained  inactive,  with  the  exception  of  the  Ladies'  Society,  through 
whose  exertions  the  former  Pastor,  Rev.  E.  R.  Wood,  was  induced  to  return  and 
re-organize  the  church,  which  was  done  June  4,  1877.  The  number  received 
into  the  church  on  this  and  the  succeeding  Sunday  was  twenty-three.  iUe 
church  officers  elected  were:  S.  W.  Green,  President ;  R.  W.  Tirrill,  Clerk ; 
Mary  Hoag,  Treasurer;  E.  S.  Congar,  Adaline  Tomlinson  and  Seth  Brown, 
Trustees ;  Seth  Brown  and  R.  W.  Tirrill,  Deacons.  They  were  elected  for  one 
year,  and  are  the  present  incumbents.     The  church  and  society  are  out  ot  debt 

and  in  good  condition.  ^  „^  m.    .n  n        •  ^    j    i^ 

The  Sunday  School  was  organized  1864,  with  R.  W.  T.rrill  Superintendent^ 
The  Ladies'  Society  was  organized  in-1867,  and  is  somewhat  noted  for  its  broad 

^'""^'Prlshyterian  CAwr^— Organized  August  29,  1869,  by  Rev.  D^'^iel  I«^^«; 
sell,  assisted  by  Rev.  Mr.  Campbell,  with  fourteen  members,  as  follows . 
Henry  Russell,  Mrs.  Mary  Russell,  Miss  Grace  Russell,  W.  G.  Field,  John  M. 


504  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

Guthrie,  Mrs.  E.  B.  Marriott,  D.  G.  Eldridge,  Mrs.  M.  A.  Eldridge,  Henry 
F.  Hamlin,  Sanford  R.  Grow,  Mrs.  A.  Grow,  George  Truby,  Melvin  Walker. 
Present  membersbip,  forty-one ;  first  ofiicers  elected  were  Elders  George  Truby 
and  S.  R.  Grow,  who  also  acted  as  Clerk  of  the  Session. 

D.  G.  Eldridge  was  added  to  the  Elders  October  1, 1870,  and  John  Guthrie 
and  H^nry  Burnett  made  Deacons. 

In  June,  1874,  the  Pastor,  Daniel  Russell,  resigned,  from  that  time  up  to 
November  1,  1874,  when  Rev.  David  Street  became  Pastor,  conference  meet- 
ings only  were  held. 

Mr.  Street  continued  a  Pastor  until  November  1,  1875,  when  the  congre- 
gation accepted  his  resignation.  With  the  exception  of  an  occasional  sermon 
preached  by  Rev.  Alvah  Day  (a  resident  superannuated  preacher),  no  regular 
services  were  held,  until  the  present  Pastor,  Rev.  William  S.  Pryse,  assumed 
charge,  June  16,  1877.  Since  then  the  church  has  almost  returned  to  the 
prosperous  condition  it  enjoyed  at  the  time  of  Rev.  D.  Russell's  resignation, 
when  there  were  over  seventy-five  members.  Those  now  (1878)  in  office  are 
George  Truby,  William  Marchant,  R.  M.  Ewart  and  H.  F.  Hamlin,  Elders ; 
William  Marchant  and  Robert  Morley,  Trustees  ;  Royal  Van  Antwerp,  Deacon ; 
E.  P.  Seeds,  Secretary  and  Treasurer. 

The  organization  of  this  church  was  efiected  in  Burnside  Hall,  where  the 
meetings  continued  up  to  the  time  of  building  the  present  church  edifice,  work 
on  which  was  commenced  in  October,  1870,  and  dedicated  to  the  service  of  God 
in  January,  1871. 

The  Advent  Church  in  Manchester  was  organized  by  Elder  P.  S.  W.  Deyo, 
of  Strawberry  Point,  about  1862  or  '63.  Meetings  were  maintained  for  sev- 
eral years,  when  the  Society  began  to  meet  at  the  North  Manchester  school 
house.  Among  those  who  have  preached  to  this  congregation  are  Elders  Kin- 
ney, Jaynes,  Mrs.  Jaynes,  Ridley  and  the  present  Pastor,  Rev.  Philip  Buck. 

For  about  ten  years,  an  annual  meeting,  continuing  for  a  week,  has  been 
held  in  a  tent  on  the  grounds  of  Henry  Acers,  in  the  north  part  of  the  city. 
Here  congregate  annually  the  members  of  this  faith  from  churches  many  miles 
around,  who  are  hospitably  entertained  by  the  Manchester  people.  At  these 
annual  meetings  the  leading  ministers  and  advocates  of  this  peculiar  faith  come  to 
preach  to  the  churches,  among  them  Elder  Himes,  of  Boston  ;  Elder  Sheldon, 
of  Michigan  ;  Elder  Deyo  and  others. 

The  Catholic  Church. — The  first  clergymen  of  the  Catholic  Church  who 
held  services  in  Manchester  were  Rev.  Fathers  P.  J.  Clabby  and  R.  McGrath. 
In  1872,  under  Father  Clabby 's  pastorate,  the  subscription  for  building  a 
church  was  begun,  assisted  largely  by  many  citizens  of  Manchester,  and  work 
was  commenced  under  Father  C.'s  direction  and  continued  under  Father 
McGrath,  who  saw  its  walls  completed  and  the  roof  put  on.  Rev.  Mr.  McGrath 
was  succeeded  in  1875  by  Rev.  J.  F.  Nugent,  who  completed  the  church.  The 
building  is  of  stone,  forty-four  by  sixty-six  feet  in  size,  and  is  located  on  the 
south  side  of  Butler  street,  about  a  block  west  of  Franklin. 

Father  Nugent  still  remains  the  honored  Pastor  of  the  Manchester  church, 
having  also  charge  of  the  church  at  Delhi.  He  is  an  ardent  friend  of  and 
devotes  much  of  his  time  to  the  cause  of  temperance.  He  is  an  eloquent  and 
captivating  speaker,  and  invariably  draws -crowded  houses.  The  Catholic  Tem- 
perance Society  at  Delhi  was  organized  by  him,  and  his  example  and  wise  coun- 
sels serve  to  secure  and  maintain  entire  sobriety  in  the  churches  under  his 
charge. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTS.  595 


MASONIC. 


Manchester  Lodge,  No.  165,  A.,  F.  k  A.  M.,  met  for  the  first  time— U  D 
—October  6,  1862.  Those  attending  were  J.  M.  Watson,  named  as  W  k  • 
Thomas  Tierney,  S.  W.;  B.  H.  Keller,  J.  W.;  N.  Denton,  C.  B.  Dean  E  l' 
Baton,  Ray  B  Griffin,  H  P.  Duflfy,  W.  C.  Cawley,  John  Acers,  Peter  Case, 
C.  G.  Reynolds.  E.  A.  Guilbert,  G.  M.,  made  an  official  visit  to  the  new 
lodge  January  6,  1863.  The  receipts  to  May  28,  1863,  ending  the  Masonic 
year,  were  $204.95 ;  the  disbursements,  $109.25. 

The  Lodge  was  chartered  June  3,  1863,  and  constituted  by  W.  0.  Allen, 
proxy  for  G.  M.,  June  22d.  The  Worshipful  Masters  have  been :  B.  H.  Keller' 
1863-6;  W.  C.  Cawley,  1866-9;  Seth  Brown,  1869-71;  B.  H  Keller' 
1871-3;   W.  C.  Cawley,  1873-7;  Seth  Brown,  1877-9. 

The  Lodge  officiated  at  the  laying  of  the  corner  stone  of  the  Universalist 
Church,  at  Greeley,  June  5,  1866,  in  the  presence  of  a  large  crowd. 

The  Lodge  occupied  the  upper  story  of  a  frame  building  on  the  northwest 
corner  of  Franklin  and  Delaware  streets,  until  December,  1866,  when  it  removed 
to  the  third  story  over  Thorpe  Bros.  &  Co.'s  store,  which  was  formally  dedi- 
cated for  Masonic  uses,  February  22,  1867. 

The  deaths  among  the  membership  have  been  Capt.  Alonzo  Clark,  at  New 
Orleans,  of  yellow  fever,  December  7,  1867  ;  Dr.  W.  A.  Morse,  of  consumption, 
engendered  while  a  prisoner  at  Andersonville,  July  24,  1868  ;  S.  W.  Stevens, 
September  2,  1868 ;  E.  L.  Eaton,  in  1869 ;  Peter  Case,  May,  1871,  buried  by 
Tyrrell  Lodge,  Waverly ;  W.  J.  Graham,  1871 ;  L.  W.  Pierce,  November  19, 
1873 ;  E.  K.  Howe,  a  pensioner  of  the  war  of  1812,  aged  78  years,  May  6, 
1878 ;  Nixson  Denton,  at  Denison,  Texas,  January  4,  1878. 

The  officers  for  the  years  1878-9  are  Seth  Brown,  W.  M.;  C.  C.  Lewis, 
S.  W.;  H.  P.  Duffy,  J.  W.;  W.  C.  Cawley,  Treasurer;  T.  T.  Carkeek,  Secre- 
tary ;  A.  L.  Beardslee,  S.  D.;  A.  Wolff,  J.  D.;  D.  I.  Johnston,  Tyler.  The 
membesship  is  about  ninety.  Meets  Saturday  evening  on  or  before  full  moon. 
Olive  Branch  Chapter  No.  4.8,  R.  A.  M.,  was  instituted  March  1,  1869, 
with  L.  F.  Robinson,  H.  P.;  M.  0.  Barnes,  E.  K.;  A.  M.  Sherwood,  E.  S.,  and 
nine  members.  The  present  officers  are  A.  L.  Beardslee,  H.  P.;  H.  L.  Rann, 
E.  K.;  Thomas  Toogrod,  E.  S.;  W.  T.  Adams,  Treasurer;  H.  F.  Hamlin, 
Secretary;  C.  G.  Lewis,  C.  H.;  L.  L.  Ayers.  P.  S.;  E.  S.  Gaines,  R.  A.  C; 
H.  P.  Duffy,  G.  M.  3d  V.;  W.  B.  Jones,  G.  M.  2d  V.,  J.  J.  Hoag,  G.  M.  1st 
v.;  N.  J.  Wolcott,  Guard.  About  fifty  members.  Meets  Wednesday  evening 
on  or  after  full  moon. 

Orient  Chapter,  Eastern  Star,  chartered  August  1, 1873,  with  B.  H.  Keller 
as  W.  P.;  Mrs.  D.  L.  Ingalls,  W.  M.;  Mrs.  Sat.  Allen,  W.  A.  M.  The  pres- 
ent officers  are,  Seth  Brown,  W.  P.;  Mrs.  W.  C.  Cawley,  W.  M. ;  Mrs.  A.  0. 
Moore,  W.  A.  M.;  Mrs.  D.  I.  Johnson,  Treasurer ;  Mrs.  G.  S.  Lister,  Secre- 
tary; D.  I.  Johnson,  Sentinel.  There  are  about  fifty  members.  Meets  Tues- 
day evening  on  or  before  full  moon. 

Nazareth  Oommandery,  U.  D.,  was  instituted  October  12, 1877,  with  C.  C. 
Bradley,  E.  C;  B.  H.  Keller,  Gen.;  W.  C.  Cawley,  C.  G.;  B.  Hoag,  Treas.; 
W.  H.  Cooley,  Rec;  C.  0.  Lewis,  S.  W.;  Thomas  Toogood,  J.  W.;  H.  F 
Hamlin,  Warder;  W.  B.  Jones,  Standard  Bearer;  Charles  Paxson,  Sword 
Bearer;  J.  W.  Ford,  Gd.;  A.  N.  Smith,  Sent.  Knighted,  A.  L.  Beardslee, 
R.  W.  TirriU,  E.  S.  Gaines,  W.  T.  Adams,  N.  J.  Wolcott,  H.  P.  Duffy,  J.  D. 
Kennedy,  D.  W.  Jones,  W.  F.  Davis.     The  important  event  m  the  bnet  history 


506  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

of  this  body  was  the  official  visit  by  G.  B.  Van  Saun,  Grand  Commander, 
accompanied  by  seventeen  members  of  neighboring  commanderies,  which  occurred 
February  27.     Meets  first  Wednesday  evening  of  each  month. 

I.    0.    OP    0.    F. 

,  Manchester  Lodge  1.  0.  of  0.  F.,  instituted  March  29,  1867,  by  M.  W. 
G.  M.  of  the  State  of  Iowa.  Charter  members,  R.  B.  Griffin,  M.  A.  Newcomb, 
Jacob  Phillips,  T.  W.  Robinson,  W.  L.  Gibson,  E.  Hoag,  E.  Fales,  Edmond 
Gardner,  C.  M.  Bronson,  Thomas  Dodson,  A.  S;  Blair,  0.  Cronk,  L.  S.  Sher- 
win,  John  Morgan,  Charles  Burnside,  C.  E.  Bronson,  W.  N.  Boynton,  V. 
Chiids,  W.  H.  Greenwood.  Officers  elected,  M.  A.  Newcomb,  N.  G.;  Jacob 
Phillip's,  V.  G.;  W.  L.  Gibson,  R.  S.;  T.  W.  Robinson,  P.  S.;  E.  Fales, 
Treas.  Appointed  officers,  C  N.  Bronson,  R.  S.;  0.  Cronk,  L.  S.  to  N.  Q.; 
W.  N.  Boynton,  R.  S.;  T.  Dodson,  L.  S.  to  V.  G.;  L.  S.  Sherwin,  I.  G.;  A. 
S.  Blair,  R.  S,  S.;  Charles  E.  Bronson,  L.  S.  S. 

The  different  Noble  Grands  that  have  served  since  organization,  J.  Philhps, 

C.  M.  Bronson,  0.  Cronk,  C.  E.  Bronson,  W.  N.  Boynton,  R.  W.  Tirrill,  M. 
Cotton,  V.  Chiids,  J.  T.  Abbott,  D.  R.  Lewis,  A.  B.  Terrill,  A.  0.  Moore,  M. 
Cotton,  J.  Phillips,  J.  M.  Pearse,  J.  L.  Bloss,  J.  M.  Pearse,  A.  0.  Moore,  J. 
W.  Kennedy,  S.  B.  Shilling,  H.  R.  Holmes. 

Officers  for  1878  are  G.  0.  Vincent,  N.  G.;  J.  L.  Kelsey,  V.  G.;  H.  C. 
Seamen,  Sec;  J.  M.  Pearse,  P.  S  ;  J.  T.  Abbott,  Treas.;  J.  H.  Howland,  R.  S. 
and  J.  H.  Keyes,  L.  S.  to  U.  G.;  Jacob  Phillips,  W.;  W.  H.  Bloss,  C;  G.  H. 
Lister,  R.  S.  S.;  J.  B.  Horton,  L.  S.  S.;  J.  W.  Kennedy,  0.  G.;  A.  C.  Car- 
ter, L  G.;  J.  R.  Nix,  R.  S.,  and  P.  S.  French,  L.  S..  to  V.  G.;  H.  R.  Holmes, 
P.  G. 

Azur  Encampment,  No.  37,  instituted  October  20,  1869,  by  S.  S.  Winald, 

D.  D.  G.  P.,  in  Burnside  Hall,  N.  B.  corner  Franklin  and  Fayette  streets. 
Charter  members,  Jacob  Phillips,  Thos.  W.  Robinson,  Wm.  M.  Boynton,  E. 
W.  Tirrill,  E.  Graham,  G.  R.  Buckley,  J.  T.  Horton.  Those  elected  to  office, 
J.  Phillips,  C.  P.;  R.  W.  Tirrill,  H.  P.;  G.  R.  Buckley,  S.  W.;  E.  Graham, 
J.  W.;  W.  N.  Boynton,  Scribe;  J.  F.  Horton,  Treas. 

Officers  for  1878,  J.  T.  Abbott,  C.  P.;  J.  W.  Kennedy,  S.  W.;  H.  R. 
Holmes,  H.  P.;  J.  M.  Pearse,  Scribe;  E.  J.  Skinner,  J.  W.;  A.  0.  Moore, 
Treas.  Membership,  12.  Meets  second  and  fourth  Monday  evening  of  each 
month,  in  Odd  Fellows  Hall. 

ANCIENT   ORDER   OF   UNITED   WORKMEN. 

Manchester  Lodge,  No.  28,  A.  0.  of.  U.  W.,  was  instituted  May  15,  1876, 
by  H.  W.'  Holman,  D.  D.  G.  M.  W.,  with  the  following  charter  members,  viz.:  W. 
B.  Sherman,  A.  S.  Blair,  B.  W.  Jewell,  Z.  L.  Atkinson,  A-O.  Moore,  Wm.  B. 
Jones,  H.  S.  Lillagar,  Calvin  Yoran,  C.  D.  Clark,  T.  T.  Carkeek,  D.  T.  John- 
son, L.  L.  Ayres,  A.  L.  Baldwin,  H.  L.  Walter,  J.  M.  Lanning,  W.  E.  Brown, 
W.  L.  Weidman  and  J.  C.  Suydam. 

The  following  officers  were  elected  and  installed  :  L.  L.  Ayers,  P.  M.  W.; 
Calvin  Gordon,  M.  W.;  A.  0.  Moore,  G.  F.;  H.  S.  Lillagar,  0.;  C.  D.  Clark, 
Recorder ;  W.  E.  Brown,  Financier ;  Z.  L.  Atkinson,  Receiver ;  C.  D.  Bald- 
win, Watch  ;  W.  L.  Weidman,  Guide. 

The  first  meeting  was  in  "  Odd  Fellows'  Hall,"  City  Hall  Block,  where 
the  Lodge  continued  to  meet  until  the  new  Odd  Fellows'  Hall,  in  Freelove's 
building,  on  west  side  of  Franklin  street,  corner  of  Delaware,  was  completed, 
when  the  Lodge  removed  to  that  hall,  January  1, 1878. 


HISTORY  OP  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  597 

The  officers  1875,  second  term  commencing  July  1,  were  A.  0.  Moore,  M. 
W.;  C.  D.  Clark,  Recorder.  1876,  first  term,  A.  S.  Blair  M  W  •  P  H  Snv 
der,  Recorder.     Second  term,  H.  L.  Walter,  M.  W.;  B.  W.  Jewell  Recorder 

'f^  T  Tm  V-  W  T"^'--7-'  ^^^^^"  ^'^'^^  Recorder.'tconTterm; 
B.  W.  Jewen^  M.  W  ;  W.  L.Weidman,  Recorder.     1878,  first  term,   Georg; 

Comerford,  M.  W.;  Amos  C.  Carter,  G.  P.;  Lemuel  Allen,  0.;  H.  M  Rugeles 
Recorder;  H.  L.  Walter,  Financier ;  Z.  L.  Atkinson,  Receiver ;  S  W  Trench' 
ard,  I.  W.;  John  C.  Heath,  0.  W.;  A.  S.  Blair,  Guide. 

Whole  number  Master  Workman  degree  members,  May,  1878,  62  The 
Lodge  is  in  a  prosperous  condition.  Its  hall  rent  is  paid  to  January  l'  1879  and 
It  has  accumulated  a  fund  of  about  |600,  which  is  well  invested  in  ten  per  cent 
securities. 

PATRONS    OF    HUSBANDRY. 

Jones'  Mill  Grange  of  P.  of  H.  was  organized  Feb.  20, 1873,  its  first  officers 
being  A.  F.  Coon,  M.;  J.  C.  Skinner,  0.;  E.  S.  Coon,  L.;  D.  W.  Jones  S  •  J 
H.  Burrington,  A.  S.;  Wm.  Clugston,  C;  S.  J.  Edmonds,  T.;  E.  0.  Clemens 
Secretary;  Luman  Sly,  G.  K.;  Drusilla  Childs,  Ceres;  Sarah  J.  Coon,  Pomona; 
Ehza  C.  Skinner,  Flora ;  Charlotte  Acers,  L.  A.  S.  The  remaining  charter 
members  were  D.W.  Jones,  George  Acres,  S.  M.  Hoyt,  D.  P.  Ferris,  Luther  Sly, 
Wattson  Childs,  Wm.  H.  Hollister,  A.  L.  Lightfoot,  A.  Kirkpatrick,  Hassel 
Monson,  Henry  Brown,  C.  W.  Mead,  Robert  Forteous,  E.  S.  Coon,  Delilah 
Hoyt,  Margaret  Jones,  S.  V.  Coon. 

This  Grange  has  had  a  prosperous  history.  The  most  notable  event  was  a 
festival  given  by  the  Grange  at  Jones'  new  woolen  factory,  in  February,  1877, 
which  lasted  all  day  and  was  attended  bv  scores  from  neighboring  Granges. 
The  Grange  meets  in  the  second  story  of  D.  W.  Jones'  store. 

I.  0.  OP  6.  T. 

Manchester  Centennial  Lodge,  No.  111^  I.  0.  of  Gr.  T. — Organized  April 
8,  1876,  at  the  Baptist  Church,  by  McLaughlin.  Charter  members — S.  W. 
Green,  G.  S.  Lister,  A.  P.  Turner,  E.  H.  Trenchard,  V.  S.  Esty,  A.  Stetter, 
L.  M.  Johnson,  Mrs.  E.  L.  Trenchard,  Miss  Ida  Moore,  Miss  Lulu  Carter, 
Miss  Sarah  Allen,  Miss  Jennie  Work,  Miss  Ida  Fuller,  Winnie  Adams,  A.  C. 
Green,  C.  H.  Foster.  First  officers— F.  Flint,  W.  C.  T. ;  Mrs.  A.  C.  Carter, 
W.  V.  T. ;  Mrs.  A.  0.  Moore,  W.  C. ;  Mrs.  C.  J.  Fuller,  W.  S. ;  Miss  Clara. 
Adams,  W.  A.  S. ;  A.  C.  Green,  W.  F.  S. ;  Mrs.  F.  Flint,  W.  T. ;  E.  R. 
Roberts,  W.  M. ;  Miss  Ida  Moore,  W.  D.  M. ;  Mrs.  P.  A.  Trenchard,  W.  I.  G.; 
V.  S.  Esty,  W.  0.  G. ;  Mrs.  E.  R.  Roberts,  W.  R.  H.  S. ;  A.  C.  Carter,  W. 
L.  H.  S. ;  John  Kerr,  P.  W.  C.  T.  First  meeting  held  in  the  parlors  of  the 
M.  E.  Church,  then  to  Loomis  Hall,  June,  1876 ;  May  1,  1877,  removed  to 
Burnsido  Hall.  A  division  of  the  Lodge  took  place  December  4,  1877,  when 
about  forty  members  withdrew  and  organized  a  new  lodge.  Number  of  mem- 
bers in  good  standing,  April  17,  95. 

The  present  officers  are  A.  S.  Blair,  W.  C.  T. ;  Mrs.  Campbell,  W.  V.  T. ; 
A.  Stetter,  W.  S. ;  Charles  Turner,  W.  F.  S. ;  Charles  Hamlin,  W.  T. ;  D. 
Mason,  W.  C. ;  Nellie  Paxsofi,  I.  G. ;  F.  Dudley,  0.  G. ;  L  A.  Gates,  W.  M. ; 
Edith  Campbell,  D.  M. ;  Adella  Eldredge,  R.  H.  S. ;  Kitty  Conklin,  L.  H.  S. 

Earnest  Workers'  Lodge,  No.  227,  L  0.  G.  T.,  was  organized  in  the  Fall 
of  1877,  with  about  fifty  charter  members.  The  present  officers  are  G.  S.  Lis- 
ter, W.  C.  T. ;  Mrs.  Emma  Trenchard,  W.  V.  T. ;  Mrs.  G.  S.  Lister,  W.  S. ; 
A.  C.  Green,  W.  F.  S. ;  Mrs.  H.  A.  Moore,  W.  T. ;  Mrs.  H.  F.  Childs,  W.  C. ;. 


508  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

Lewis  Coleman,  W.  M. ;  Lulu  Carter,  W.  A.  M. ;  SaraH  Green,  W.  I.  Q. ; 
A.  C.  Green,  W.  0.  G. ;  Mrs.  S.  Knickerbocker,  R.  H.  S. ;  Mrs.  J.  M.  Pearse, 
L.  H.  S. ;  Rev.  S.  Knickerbocker,  P.  W.  C.  T. ;  F.  Flint,  Lodge  Deputy. 

Bock  Prairie  Lodge,  I  0.  G-.  T.,  was  organized  November  15,  1877,  at 
Rock  Prairie  school  bouse,  with  thirty-one  members.  John  Edmonds,  Lodge 
Deputv,  installed  the  first  officers  as  follows :  A.  S.  Coon,  W.  C.  T. ;  Mrs. 
Delia  Coon,  W.  V.  T.;  Isaac  Shear,  W.  F.  S.;  Chauncey  0.  Bushnell,  Treas.; 
Owen  P.  Dutton,  W.  S.  ;  Dwight  Bushnell,  W.  C.  ;  William  Stevens,  W.  M. ; 
Alice  Bushnell,  W.  I.  G. ;  Isaac  N.  Bushnell,  W.  0.  G. ;  Susan  D.  Connell, 
W.  D.  M. ;  Eleanor  N.  Stevens,  W.  A.  S. ;  Eva  Lamport,  R.  H.  S. ;  Annie 
Higman,  L.  H.  S.  Meet  at  Rock  Prairie  school  house,  four  miles  northeast  of 
Manchester. 

MANCHESTER    RBFOKM    CLUB. 

This  association  is  the  outgrowth  of  a  meeting  held  in  the  office  of  S.  6. 
Van  Anda  March  29,  1877,  of  forty  citizens — habitual  drinkers — who  had  con- 
vened together  for  the  purpose  of  forming  a  Mutual  Anti-Drinking  Aid  Society, 
adopting  a  constitution  and  by-laws,  which  bound  them  forever  to  abstain  from 
the  use  of  alcoholic  liquors.  They  proceeded  to  elect  the  following  officers  by 
ballot :  S.  G.  Van  Anda,  President ;  G.  R.  Buckley,  Vice  President ;  J.  Van 
Antwferp,  Secretary ;  L.  Paxson,  Treasurer. 

The  society  has  been  successful  beyond  the  expectation  of  its  founders, 
nearly  every  one  of  its  members  having  abstained  from  drink  ever  since  they  took 
the  society's  pledge.  A  monster  Fourth  of  July  celebration  was  held  last  year 
under  its  auspices  in  the  grove  at  the  foot  of  Butler  street,  six  or  seven  thousand 
people  being  in  attendance.  Evening  sociables  were  held  weekly  in  the  same 
grove  during  the  remainder  of  the  Summer  season,  refreshments  being  sold  and 
music  being  furnished.  In  the  Fall,  the  meetings  were  transferred  to  the  hall, 
and  literary  exercises  added. 

The  club  room,  in  the  second  story  of  City  Hall  Block,  is  sumptuously  fitted 
up,  and  is  kept  open  every  day  in  the  week  from  8  A.  M.  to  10  P.  M.,  and 
strangers  are  always  cordially  welcomed  and  invited  to  make  themselves  at  home 
within  its  walls. 

,  ladies'  temperance  socibty. 

Organized  in  the  basement  of  the  M.  E.  Church,  January,  1874,  with  136  » 
members,  who  elected  the  following  officers  for  the  next  ensuing  year :  Mrs. 
J.   H.   Stevens,  President ;   Mrs.  G.  W.  Buckley,  Vice  President ;    Mrs.  J. 
Stewart,  Secretary ;  Mrs.  Joel  Bailey,  Treasurer. 

This  society  has  accomplished  a  great  deal  of  good  since  its  organization ; 
although  the  membership  has  decreased  to  about  sixty,  they  are  in  a  better 
working  and  financial  condition  than  ever  before.     The  ladies  in  office  at  pres- 
ent are :  Mrs.  Dr.  Paquin,  President;  Mrs.  S.  G.  Van  Anda,  Vice  President;    , 
Mrs.  J.  A.  Wheeler,  Secretary ;  Mrs.  Thomas  Kinne,  Treasurer. 

BAND    OP   HOPE.    , 

A  Juvenile  Temperance  Society,  organized  under  the  auspices  of  the  Woman's 
Temperance  Union  in  the  Baptist  Church,  April,  1874,  with  sixty  members, 
and  the  following  officers  :  John  Stewart,  President : 

The  membership  for  1878  is  160.  The  officers  :  Mrs.  Dr.  Bradley,  Presi- 
dent;  Mrs.  Hannah  Congar,  Vice  President;  Mrs.  G.  G.  Pierce,  Secretary; 


MANCHESTER 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  51X 

Mrs.  J.  A.  Wheeler,  Treasurer  ;  Mrs.  V.  Childs,  Chorister  ;  Miss  Eva  Parrott^ 
Organist     Mi-^s   ,Mitii,ie  Jewitt,   Usher.      The  Society  meets  in  the  different  ' 
churches  the  first  Sunday  of  each  month. 

BUSINESS    INTERESTS. 

The  Delaware  County  Manufacturing  Company. — A  company  with  the 
above  ponderous  title  was  organized  November  26,  1875.  The  oflScers  elected 
at  the  January  meeting  were  N.  Ruggles,  President;  J.  S.  Belknap,  Treasurer; 
E.  Healy,  Secretary ;  H.  L.  Hopkins,  Superintendent ;  Charles  Paxson,  H.  D. 
Wood,  J.  S.  Barry,  L.  E.  Beebe,  J.  S.  Belknap,  S.  T.  Oviatt,  W.  N.  Merten, 
The  object  principally  in  view  was  to  manufacture  a  mowing  machine  invented 
by  H.  L.  Hopkins,  who  had  been  induced  to  come  west  in  1875  by  L.  E.  Beebe, 
of  Delaware.  In  February,  1876,  the  Company  purchased  of  N.  Denton  the 
ground  and  shops  formerly  owned  by  the  Manchester  Manufacturing'  Company, 
and  supplied  new  and  valuable  machinery.  The  works  were  set  going,  and  by 
the  early  Fall,  over  a  hundred  mowing  machines  were  completed,  and  most  of 
them  sold,  but  the  cash  resources  of  the  concern  were  exhausted.  Times  were 
snug,  and  in  August,  at  a  stockholders'  meeting,  it  was  decided  to  increase  the 
Stock  by  taking  notes,  which  could  be  used  as  collaterals  in  the  business.  A 
considerable  amount  was  raised  in  this  way,  mainly  in  Colony  Township.  But 
soon  after  the  August  meeting,  ill  feeling  grew  up,  arising  from  various  causes, 
the  seeming  prosperity  of  the  Company  began  at  once  to  wane,  and  the  shops 
were  closed.  During  the  Winter  several  unavailing  efforts  were  made  to  collect 
assessments.  This  foiling,  Mr.  Hopkins  organized  a  partnership  composed  of 
himself  and  three  others,  the  firm  offering  to  take  the  property  and  continue  the 
business  in  consideration  of  a  donation  of  three-fourths  of  the  stock  to  Hopkins 
&  Co.  This  fell  through,  and  at  the  February  term  (1877)  of  Circuit  Court, 
the  property  was  foreclosed  by  N.  Denton,  who  was  the  principal  creditor,  and 
sold  by  the  Sheriff  as  soon  as  the  law  would  permit.  At  the  May  term  of  the 
same  Court,  on  Mr.  Hopkins'  application  for  a  receiver,  the  Court  took  the 
property  in  charge,  placing  it  in  the  hands  of  Sheriff  Corbin,  but  at  the  Sep- 
tember term,  Judge  Bagg  appointed  E.  M.  Carr  Receiver,  who  has  collected 
what  is  available  as  assets,  and  present  indications  are  that  full  paid  stock  in  the 
concern  is  worth  about  thirty  cents  on  the  dollar.  The  amount  of  stock  sub- 
scribed is  about  $35,000. 

The  Manchester  Flouring-mill  was  built  in  1867,  by  Jacob  Hoa,g  and  his 
son  Egbert,  near  the  site  of  the  saw-mill  that  disappeared  finally  in  1862.  Quite 
a  newspaper  discussion  arose  in  1866,  when  the  Hoags  were  preparing  to  erect 
the  dam,  whether  or  not  the  future  pond  would  breed  malaria  and  consequent 
disease  among  the  inhabitants  of  Manchester.  The  Hoags  proceeded,  however 
and  time  has  shown  that  the  rate  of  mortality  has  not  increased.  On  the  death 
of  Jacob  Hoag,  in  1868,  his  son  Jacob  J.  assumed  his  interest,  which  he  has 
iust  (1878)  disposed  of  to  Egbert,  who  is  now  sole  owner.  The  average  capac- 
ity of  the  mill  is  150  barrels  of  flour  or  300  bushels  of  feed  per  day,  which  can 
be  somewhat  increased,  if  necessary.  The  miU  was  last  year  remodeled  and 
machinery  for  the  "  middlings  purifying  process  put  in,  since  which  time  the 
product  of  the  mil!  has  been  unsurpassed  in  quality  by  any  mill  in  the  vicinity. 
The  structure  is  three  stories  high,  and  40x60  feet  in  size.  It  is  located  on  the 
west  side  of  the  river,  just  below  the  wagon  bridge.  •  j  k    ti,,. 

The  Quaker  Mills.-The  first  flouring-mill  on  the  site  now  occupied  by  the 
Quaker.  Mill  was  erected  by  Dr.  John  Acers  in  1854,  which  was  continued 


512  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

quite  successfully  until  June,  1865,  when  the  swirling  flood  that  rose  on  the  27th 
of  that  month  crawled  around  the  foundations  of  the  mill,  crept  several  feet  up 
its  sides,  and,  holding  the  structure  fast  in  its  tremendous  grasp,  swept  it  into 
'the  current  and  pounded  it  to  pieces  as  it  floated  down  the  stream.  In  1866, 
Messrs.  Paxson  &  Seeds  purchased  an  interest  in  the  property,  and  under  their 
supervision  the  mill  was  rebuilt  and  started  in  1867,  under  the  name  of  "  Qua,- 
ker  Mill."  The  new  structure  was  supplied  with  a  first-class  line  of  machinery 
and  did  a  flourishing  business  until  May,  1869,  when  the  structure  was  burned 
to  the  ground  and  nearly  all  the  machinery  ruined.  Soon  after  the  fire,  Dr. 
Acers  sold  his  remaining  interest  and  the  mill  was  speedily  rebuilt,  milling 
being  resumed  late  in  the  year.  Sept.  5,  1876,  the  dam  was  washed  away  for 
the  third  or  fourth  time  since  its  construction.  It  was  rebuilt  under  the  super- 
intendence of  N.  Denton,  Esq.  It  is  120  feet  long  and  14  feet  high.  The  mill 
is  45x48  feet  in  size,  three  and  a  half  stories  high,  not  including  the  stonfr 
basement.  The  process  of  regrinding  was  begun  at  Quaker  Mill  in  1875,  and 
a  large  share  of  its  product  is  handled  by  dealers  in  Manchester,  the  bran  being- 
a  favorite  with  consumers.  The  surplus  is  shipped  to  Vermont  and  Philadel- 
phia. Charles  Paxson  and  W.  H.  Seeds  are  the  present  owners ;  Ilian  Walters, 
Superintendent ;  Charles  Seeds,  Business  Manager. 

The  Manchester  Woolen-mill  is  situated  on  Honey  Creek,  its  legal  location 
being  on  the  northwest  quarter  of  the  northeast  quarter  of  Section  20,  Town- 
ship 89  north.  Range  8  west.  The  site  was  purchased  by  D.  W.  Jones  in 
1865,  and  in  the  same  year  he  began  the  erection  of  the  factory,  which  was 
30x40  feet  in  size  and  three  stories  high.  In  this  structure  he  set  up  one  set  of 
cards,  one  set  of  custom  cards  and  a  spinning-jack.  In  1867,  he  added  thirty 
feet  to  the  length  of  the  building,  and  more  than  doubled  the  manufacturing 
capacity  of  the  mill  by  adding  a  large  set  of  cards,  and  has  continued  to  add 
new  machinery  from  year  to  year,  so  that  he  has  been  able  to  make  the  finest 
grades  and  finish  of  cloth  for  several  years  past,  the  wearing  quality  of  which 
is  unsurpassed.  In  the  Fall  of  1876,  Mr.  Jones  built  another  factory,  about 
half  a  mile  below  his  first  one,  the  dimensions  of  which  are  48x80  feet  and 
three  and  a  half  stories  high,  not  including  the  basement.  The  new  factory 
does  nothing  but  spinning  and  weaving,  the  dyeing,  fullirig  and  teasling  being 
all  done  at  the  upper  factory.  The  new  establishment  contains  three  full  sets 
of  cards  and  three  self-acting  mules.  The  different  goods  manufactured  by  Mr. 
Jones  are  fancy  cassimeres,  three  grades  of  beaver  for  overcoats,  tricots,  doe- 
skins, jeans,  diff'erent  grades  of  blankets  and  all  kinds  of  yarns.  Mr, 
Jones  is  ably  assisted  in  the  management  of  his  factories  by  his  two  sons, 
William  B.  and  Joseph,  who  have  homes  of  their  own  near  the  old  mill.  The 
goods  are  sold  from  wagons,  six  or  seven  being  kept  on  the  road.  Thirt_y  hands 
are  employed. 

BANKS. 

The  Delaware  County  Bank,  at  Manchester,  organized  under  the  general 
law  of  the  State,  December  4,  1867.  Joseph  S.  Belknap,  William  Cattron, 
H.  M.  Congar,  Eri  N.  Tomlinson,  Charles  Burnside,  Ray  B.  Griffin,  Wra.  H. 
Board,  Thomas  Toogood  and  Charles  Paxson,  Directors ;  J.  S.  Belknap,  Presi- 
dent; Charles  Paxson,  Vice  President;  William  H.  Seeds,  Cashier. 

The  Bank  opened  for  business  March  2,  1868,  in  a  frame  budding  on  the 
east  side  of  Franklin  street,  a  short  distance  north  of  Main.  In  1872,  this  old 
building  was  removed  and  a  handsome  brick  building  was  erected,  which  is  now 
occupied  by  the  bank.     The  capital  stock  originally  was  $50,000,  increased, 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  513 

May,  1873,  to  $100,000.  Officers,  May,  1878  :  President,  Joseph  S.  Belknap  ; 
Vice  President,  Charles  Paxson ;  Cashier,  Wm.  H.  Seeds;  Directors,  J.  s! 
Belknap,  Thomas  Toogood,  Henry  Acers,  John  U.  Schilling,  William  G.  Caw- 
ley,  E.  0.  Clemens,  R.  W.  Tirrill,  Beiijamin  B.  Provost  and  Charles  Paxson. 

Congar  Bros'.  Banking  House  commenced  business  January  1,  1875 ; 
capital  ample,  good  credit  and  good  connections.  They  own  the  building  in 
which  their' business  is  conducted — a  handsome  two-story  building,  buUt  of  brick, 
with  white  stone  trimmings.     Erected  in  1875,  at  a  cost  of  $4,700. 

PRESENT    BUSINESS    INTERESTS    OF    MANCHESTER 1878. 

The  following  embraces  the  present  principal  business  interests  of  Man- 
chester : 

Butter  Dealers — A.  H.  Blake,  Loomis  &  Castle,  Riddell  Bros.,  Merry  & 
Goodell,  A.  R.  Loomis,  2d. 

General  Stores — L.  A.  Loomis,  1861 ;  J.  S.  Belknap,  1863 ;  Thorp  Bros. 
&  Co.,  1866  ;  E.  Tilton,  1865  ;  H.  C.  Graham  &  Co.,  1868 ;  Merry  &  Goodell, 
1872  ;  A.  E.  Stewart,  1877  ;  Levi  Hills,  1874 ;  Riddell  Bros.,  1869 ;  J.  M. 
Haran,  1878.  , 

Furniture  and  Coffins — Torrey  &  Jones,  1877. 

Boots  and  Shoes — B.  H.  Keller,  1865  (the  first  to  enter  into  this  business 
in  Delaware  Township);  Seth  Brown,  1859,;  F.  0.  Muckler,  1876;  Granger 
&  Hoyt,  187l.     Seth  Brown  appears  to  be  ahead. 

Hardware  and  Stoves — Lawrence  &  Lister,  1877  ;  Adams  Bros.,  1857 ; 
H.  F.  Whitney,  1875 ;  L  U.  Butler,  1857. 

Saddlery  and  Harness— G.  B.  Eaton,  1870 ;  John  Otis  &  Son,  1873 ; 
Samuel  Steadman,  1876. 

Lumber  Yards— J.  N.  Wolcott,  1870  ;  G.  R.  Buckley  &  Co.,  1867. 

Agricultural  Implements — N.  Ruggles,  1859 ;  A.  S.  Beardslee,  1872 ;  V. 
J.  Williams  &  Co.,  1877  ;  A.  M.  Sherwood,  Manager,  1877. 

Clothiers— J.  Rothschild,  1877;  L.  &  A.  Wolf,  1874;  C.  H.  Mesner, 
1877 

JDrugs,  Books  and  Stationery—^.  J.  Congar,  1867 ;  W.  E.  Brown,  1869 ; 
L.  Atwater  &  Son,  1874. 

Boohs  and  Stationery — W.  C.  Cawley. 

Flour  and  Feed — G.  0.""  Vincent,  1877. 

Restaurants— ^ .  G.  Foster,  1877;  George  Commerford,  1871. 

Marble  Works— Reuhen  Durrin,  1869 ;  W.  Mcintosh  &  Son,  1876. 

Jewelers— D.  R.  Lewis  &  Bro,  1857;  W.  N.  Boynton,  1859. 

Blacksmiths— R.  L.  Bates,  1877;  Z.  L.  Atkinson,  18— ;  H.E.  Long, 
1877 ;  Jerry  P.  Wilson,  1868 ;  Whitman  &  Hamblm,  1877 :  R.  G.  Kennedy, 
1871 

Wagon  Makers-R.  G.  Kennedy,  1871 ;  E.  Malone,  1877 ;  E.  Hamlin, 

Meat  Markets-GeoTge   Brownell,  1864;    Evans  &  Rich,  1872;    Fred 

^^'^FMJgrlphers-W.  H.  Greenwood,  1868;  Walter  &  Weidman,  1871;  C. 

B.  Mills,  1875.  ^^^  „    _  ,  ^..„ 

Fortran  and  Ornamental  Faintvng-W.  H.  Greenwood,  1868 
Milliners -Mrs.  J.  R.  Rule,  1866;  Mrs.  N.  F.  Lawrence,  1870,   Mrs.  L. 

^-  ^4r™i'Ifi..-Ray  B.  Griffin,  1865;  Charles  S.  Crosby,  1867;  S.  L. 


514 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 


Doggett,  1857 ;  R.  W.  Tirrill,  1859 ;  S.  G.  Van  Anda,  1865 ;  C.  B.  Bron- 
son  1865 ;  M.  F.  Le  Roy,  1870 ;  E.  M.  Carr,  1872 ;  Calvin  Yoran,  1870 ; 
A.  S.  Blair,  1857 ;  Ed.  P.  Seeds,  1877 ;  Charles  Husted,  1876. 

Physicians  and  Dentists — Joseph  "W".  Bobbins,  1855 ;  S.  W.  Green,  1851 ; 
I.  W.  Grist,  1876 ;  C.  C.  Bradley,  1866 ;  W.  B.  Sherman,  1870 ;  B.  H.  Rey- 
nolds,  1874 ;  J.  T.  Abbott,  1867  ;  C.  W.  Dorman,  1876. 

Motels — Clarence  House,  by  Toogood  &  Bethell,  1855 ;  Merchants'  Hotel, 
by  J.  W.  Durbon,  1875;  Delaware  House,  by  R.  Brooks,  1873;  Martin 
House,  by  Job  Martin,  1870  ;  Nix  House,  1858 ;  Manchester  House,  by  Mrs. 
Johnson,  1873. 

THE    BUSINESS    OF    1877. 

The  following  statistics,  relating  to  the  business  of  Manchester  for  the  year 
1877,  will  be  found  valuable  for  reference  : 

Butter. — Manchester  is  the  great  butter  market  of  Iowa,  and  the  following 
shows  the  increase  in  this  department  for  three  years  :  There  were  sent  from 
this  station,  in  1875,  750,000  pounds  of  butter ;  in  1876,  913,370  pounds ;  in 
1877,  1,197,478  pounds. 

This  shows  the  growth  of  the  dairy  business  of  the  county  during  the  past 
year  has  been  quite  as  great  as  in  1876.  But  this  does  not  show  the  entire 
increase.  There  are  several  new  creameries  in  operation  supplied  from  points 
in  the  county  distant  from  this  city,  and  whose  products  are  shipped  from  other 
stations.  There  is  no  doubt  the  total  increase  in  the  dairy  products  over  last 
year  is  at  least  double  that  shown  above.  But  be  this  so  or  not,  it  is  a  gratify- 
ing fact  that  our  dairy  business  is  steadily  growing,  and  that  Delaware  County 
will  soon  make  the  most,  as  she  now  makes  the  best,  butter  of  any  county  in 
the  Union. 


SHIPMENTS    OF    1877. 


Cars. 

Wheat 95 

Corn 16 

Oats 78 

Cattle 45 

Hogs 131 

Horses 14 

Butter 113 

Eggs .' 29 

Poultry 8 

Agricultural  implements 34 


Flour... 
Hay  ... 
Starch 
Hides .. 


Cars. 
.  16 
.     24 

.     8 
.    25 


Dressed  hogs 2 

Emigrant  movables 17 

Timothy  and  clover  seed 2 

Butter  tuba  and  egg  cases 18 

Sundries 1-56 


BEOBIPTS  OF   1877. 


Care. 

Merchandise 823 

Lumber 357 

Sundries 21 

Salt 33 

Cement 3 

Household  goods 15 

Oil 6 

Agricultural  implements 20 

Stone 36 


Oars 
851 


Private  coal 

Company  coal , 693 

Iron,  nails  and  wire 24 

Live  stock ^ 18 

Apples 16 

Barrel  stock  and  butler  tubs 16 

Wagon  stock 6 

Wheat 11 

Butter  and  eggs 27 


DELHI. 

Delhi  Township. 

The  early  history  of  Delhi,  the  county  seat  of  Delaware,  is  necessarily  a 
part  of  the  history  of  the  county,  has  been  largely  included  in  it,  and  a  brief 
review  will  be  all  that  is  necessary  here. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  5^5 

The  southeast  quarter  of  Section  17,  Township  88  north,  Range  4  west 
was  selected  for  the  county  seat  by  a  vote  of  the  people  at  an  election  held 
August  2,  1S41.  ihe  town  was  named  Delhi  by  order  of  the  County  Com 
miss.oners,  January  18,  1842.  The  people  turned  out  en  mmse,  shortly 
afterward,  and  built  a  log  court  cabin  on  the  southeast  corner  of  the  quarter 
section,  and  the  town  was  surveyed  and  platted  by  Joel  Bailey,  Countv 
Surveyor,  March  31,  1842.  Charles  W.  Hobbs  built  a  cabin  near  the  south- 
west corner  of  the  town,  but  on  another  quarter  section,  in  1843-44  and 
moved  into  it  with  his  family  in  the  Spring  of  1844.  ' 

The  post  office  at  Delhi  was  established  March  14,  1844.     Mrs.  Mary  E 
A.  Hobbs,  wife  of  Charles  W.  Hobbs,  was  appointed  Postmistress,  and  until 
Mr.  Hobbs  removed  from  Penn's  to  his  new  home  near  Delhi,  the  office  was 
kept  at  the  house  of  J.  W.  Penn,  at  Penn's  Grove. 

Until  1846,  and  until'  the  county  acquired  title  to  the  quarter  section  on 
which  Delhi  was  laid  out,  in  March  of  that  year,  no  improvements  were  made, 
as  no  lots  could  be  sold,  and  the  log  Court  House,  built  in  1842  and  finished  in 
1844,  was  the  only  building  in  the  town.  In  1846,  several  log  cabins  were 
erected,  the  first,  it^is  said,  by  Mr.  Levi  Ellis,  the  second  by  John  W.  Clark, 
near  the  "  Big  Spring,"  which  was  the  only  tavern  in  town  until  1851.  Will- 
iam Phillips  also  built  a  cabin  on  the  town  site  and  later,  perhaps  not  until 
1847,  Arial  K.  Eaton  built  another  near  southwest  corner  of  Town. 

With  the  building  of  these  cabins,  the  spirit  of  improvement  seemed 
exhausted.  Town  lots  were  worth  $5.00  each,  when  any  were  sold,  which  was 
not  of  very  frequent  occurrence,  and  Delhi  consisted  of  this  little  cluster  of 
log  cabins  until  1851,  when,  through  the  enterprise  of  Frederick  B.  Doolittle 
and  a  few  others,  the  town  took  a  new  departure. 

(The  first  tavern  or  hotel  was  kept  by  John  W.  Clark,  who  also  opened  the 
first  store  in  town  prior  to  1848. 

Mitchell  built  the  first  blacksmith  shop  in  1849. 

A  division  of  Sons  of  Temperance  was  organized  at  Delhi  about  1850,  in 
the  old  Court  House.  Among  the  remembered  members  were  C.  W.  Hobbs, 
Zina  A.  Wellman,  Lewis  Patton,  Mr.  Leland.  Meetings  were  held  in  the 
houses  of  the  members.  This  organization,  after  continuing  its  labors  for  seve- 
ral years,  became  extinct,  leaving  no  records  from  which  to  write  its  history. 
In  1851,  Daniel  Baker  built  the  old  Iowa  House  on  a  lot  donated  to  him 
for  that  purpose  by  Frederick  B.  Doolittle,  who  had,  in  connection  with  Mr. 
Price,  hewed  the  timber  for  a  new  Court  House  and  had  taken  his  pay  in  town 
lots  at  $5.00  each.  During  the  same  year,  Mr.  Helm  built  the  "  Blue  Store," 
now  occupied  by  the  post  office,  on  another  lot  donated  by  Mr.  Doolittle. 
Several  other  buildings  were  erected  in  the  same  year,  and  the  price  of  town 
lots  advanced,  some  being  sold  for  the  extravagant  price  of  $25. 

From  this  time,  the  growth  of  the  town  was  rapid  for  several  years,  and  at 
the  close  of  1856,  it  was  one  of  the  most  active,  thriving  towns  in  Northern  Iowa. 
The  new  Court  House  was  completed  in  1853.  The  Harding  Hotel  was  nearly 
completed  in  1856,  and,  to  all  appearances,  Delhi  was  destined  to  be  the  largest 
town  as  well  as  the  seat  of  justice  of  the  c6unty  of  Delaware.  For  two  years, 
this  happy  state  of  affairs  continued.  G.  W.  Ashburn  became  landlord  of  the 
Harding  House,  and  every  available  corner  of  that  capacious  house  was  nightly 
crowded  with  guests,  who  had  come  to  Iowa  with  pockets  full  of  gold  to  invest 
in  the  fertile  lands  that  stretched  out  to  the  setting  sun— all  for  a  dollar  and  a 
quarter  an  acre.  The  people  were  prosperous,  and  everybody  was  happy.  But 
the  location  of  the  Dubuque  &  Pacific  Railroad  three  miles  north  of  the  town 


516  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

and  the  financial  crash  of  1857  were  severe  blows  to  its  prosperity,  from  which 
it  has  never  recovered,  although  the  completion  of  the  Davenport  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  in  1872,  was  of  some  advantage  to  it,  more,  perhaps,  by  aiding  it  to 
hold  the  county  seat  than  in  any  other  way. 

December,  1854,  the  County  Judge  ordered,  inasmuch  as  over  one-fourth  of 
the  voters  of  Delhi  had  petitioned  to  have  the  town  incorporated,  that  an  elec- 
tion be  held  January  15,  1855,  to  decide  the  question,  and  appointed  William 
F.  Tanner,  William  Phillips  and  Greorge  Shelden,  Judges,  and  C.  W.  Hobbs 
and  S.  F.  Parker,  Clerks  of  the  election.  Thirty -seven  votes  were  cast  for  the 
measure,  and  none  against.  The  Judge  then  appointed  January  27,  1855,  as 
the  day  on  which  the  citizens  were  to  select  five  persons  to  prepare  a  charter 
for  the  government  of  the  town ;  and  on  that  day,  A.  K.  Baton,  James  Wright, 
B.  K.  Grriffin,  Daniel  Baker  and  Samuel  F.  Parker  were  elected.  Judge  Ben- 
son ordered  the  charter,  as  prepared,  to  be  submitted  February  28,  which  was 
accepted  by  a  unanimous  vote  of  twenty-eight.  The  charter  provided  for  elect- 
ing town  officers  on  the  second  Monday  in  March  following,  concerning  which 
the  county  records  are  silent,  but  tradition  states  that  A.  K.  Baton  was  the 
first  Mayor,  and  S.  G.  Van  Anda  the  second.  In  the  latter's  term  of  office, 
the  corporate  powers  were  allowed  to  lapse  into  disuse,  and  have  ever  since 
remained  dormant. 

In   1856,  William  Sylvester,  Elisha  Brady  and Skerry  built  a  steam 

saw  and  flouring-mill  near  the  northwest  corner  of  the  lake,  on  the  northeast 
quarter  of  the  northeast  quarter  of  Section  20,  Town  88  north,  Range  4  west, 
a  short  distance  south  of  the  plat  of  Delhi.  It  was  a  substantial  stone  build- 
ing. In  1861,  the  mill  suspended  operations,  and  in  1862,  the  building  was 
converted  into  a  distillery  by  George  Maxwell,  who  continued  until  1866,  when 
Col.  J.  H.  Peters  operated  it  until  1867.  Since  that  time,  the  old  mill  has 
been  unoccupied,  and  is  becoming  dilapidated. 

July  4,  1861,  was  celebrated  by  Delhi  in  ample  form.  The  parade  included 
a  dozen  veterans  of  the  war  of  1812.  Speeches  were  made  by  J.  H.  Peters, 
S.  G.  Van  Anda  and  others.  The  celebration  was  kept  up  till  late  in  the  after- 
noon, when  a  dance  began  at  the  Harding  House,  and  was  kept  up  till  sunrise 
next  morning. 

A  Farmers'  Club  was  organized  in  Delhi  in  May,  1866,  with  the  following 
officers  :  Washington  J.  Graham,  President ;  Samuel  Allison,  Jr.,  Vice  Presi- 
dent ;  William  Ball,  Secretary ;  Daniel  Smith,  Treasurer ;  and  John  Porter 
Corresponding  Secretary. 

,  A  Literary  and  Library  Association  was  organized  at  Delhi,  May  29, 1871. 
Dr.  Albert  Boomer  was  elected  President ;  Mrs.  J.  H.  Peters,  Vice  President ; 
Thomas  A.  Twiss,  Secretary ;  J.  M.  Noble,  Treasurer ;  Mrs.  D.  Louise 
Ingalls,  Librarian.  Membership  fee  was  fixed  at  $4.00,  payable  quarterly. 
Quite  a  sum  was  raised  for  books,  but  the  books  were  never  purchased. 

EDUCATIONAL. 

Previous  to  independent  organization,  Delhi  was  attached  to  Sub-district 
No.  4.  The  independent  school  district  of  Delhi  was  organized  AugusJ;  18, 
1863.  The  Judges  of  Election  were  Charles  Thorpe,  N.  Dunham,  K.  W. 
Kingsley,  J.  Y.  Atchison  and  J.  L.  McCreery.  The  officers  first  elected  were 
W.  M.  Hartshorn,  President;  B.  Graham,  Vice  President;  E.  Brady,  Secre- 
•tary ;  Z.  D.  Scobey,  Treasurer.  The  first  school  in  Delhi  was  held  in  the  old 
log  Court  House.  It  commenced  in  the  Summer  of  1846,  Roxana  Brown, 
teacher ;  and  this  was  the  school  house  until  the  first  school  house  was  built, 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  517 

in  1852,  by  Perry  Hook.  It  was  a  graded  school,  with  Orlando  Nash  and 
Sarah  Davis  as  teachers.  This  school  house  continued  to  be  used  until  July 
25,  1868,  when  it  was  sold  to  the  Methodist  Society  for  $250.  July  13,  1868, 
the  School  Board  entered  into  a  contract  with  William  Wasson  and  B.  S. 
Morgan  to  erect  a  brick  school  house.  This  was  done  at  an  expense  of 
^8,965.35,  and  school  opened,  with  George  S.  Bidwell  as  Principal,  and  Emily 
M.  Bidwell,  his  wife,  as  assistant. 

To  this  building  an  extensive  addition  of  two  large  wings,  each  containing 
two  rooms,  were  added  in  1872,  district  bonds  for  $7,000  having  been  voted  for 
that  purpose  February  28,  1872.  The  contract  was  letj  to  John  Gibson,  for  the 
above  named  amount.  As  the  building  now  stands,  it  contains  six  large  rooms, 
four  only  of  which  are  in  use,  the  other  two  being  incomplete,  considerable 
inside  work  having  yet  to  be  done.  This,  however,  is  not  surprising,  as  evi- 
dently in  the  construction  of  so  large  a  school  building  the  necessities  of  the 
future  were  as  fully  considered  as  those  of  the  present.  In  this  school,  there 
are  three  departments,  and  three  teachers,  as  follows:  CD.  Clark,  Principal 
and  Teacher  of  Higher  Department ;  Jerusha  Cummings,  Intermediate ;  Rena 
Ball,  Primary. 

The  School  Board,  as  at  present  (1878)  composed,  consists  of  J.  B.  Boggs, 
President ;  C.  W.  Hobbs,  Secretary ;  Henry  Haeberle,  Treasurer ;  J.  B. 
Boggs,  J.  M.  Holbrook,  J.  B.  Satterlee,  A.  E.  House,  J.  M.  Brayton  and  R. 
Eddy,  Directors. 

RELIGIOUS. 

In  the  early  Spring  of  1847,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Briar,  Methodist,  preached  the 
Urst  sermon  at  Delhi,  at  the  house  of  C.  W.  Hobbs.  The  first  Methodist 
Society  was  organized  in  Delhi  in  1852.  The  Rev.  George  Clifford  was  sta- 
tioned there  in  1854.  In  1855,  he,  with  Elder  Farnsworth,  a  Baptist  minister, 
held  a  very  successful  revival.  Arnong  the  converts  were  two  who  afterward 
entered  the  Methodist  ministry — Rev.  S.  Knickerbocker  and  Rev.  Wm.  Glass- 
raer.  During  this  year  the  Methodists  built  a  church  costing  about  fifteen 
hundred  dollars  ($1500.00) ;  it  was  afterward  sold  to  the  Catholics.  The  Rev. 
Mr.  Davis  was  next  appointed  to  the  charge,  who,  after  a  short  illness,  died 
about  the  middle  of  the  year,  and  Rev.  Mr.  Soule,  of  Virginia,  was  employed 
to  fill  out  the  year.  His  successor  was  Rev.  Isaac  Newton.  An  interesting 
Union  Sabbath  School  was  organized  in  the  year  1852,  and  maintained  for 

■many  years.  .        <^  ,     t>      • 

First  Baptist  Ohurch.—Maj  8, 1853,  a  preliminary  meeting  ot  the  Baptists 
in  this  vicinity  was  held  in  the  old  log  Court  House.  Elder  C.  D.  Farnsworth 
was  the  Moderator,  and  R.  S.  Perry  Clerk  of  the  meeting.  The  names  of  four 
brethren  and  nine  sisters  were  presented  for  membership. 

May  14th,  four  more  united,  and  Ozius  Kellogg  and  Ephraim  Cummings 

were  elected  Deacons.  ,  -tr    ,       o    xi         4. 

May  28th,  ten  delegates  from  Cascade,  Colesburg  and  Yankee  Settlement 
met  in  the  log  Court  House,  with  John  Bates  as  Moderator,  and  organized  a 
Tecognition  council,  which,  after  mature  deliberation,  unanimously  agreed  to 
Tecognize  as  a  sister  church  the  one  just  organized  at  Delhi.  „ 

On  the  29th,  the  recognition  sermon  was  preached  by  Elder  John  iiates. 

March  11,  1855,  a  building  committee,  names  not  given,  were  appomted, 
and  an  effort  made  to  build  a  house  of  worship.  The  first  recorded  meeting  of 
this  committee  was  on  the  27th  of  June,  when,  not  having  met  with  suflicient 
encouragement,  it  was  agreed  to  disband.     Nothing  further  was  done  in  that 


518  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

direction  until  1868,  when,  on  the  23d  of  June,  James  Heath,  A.  Stone  and 
John  Stone  were  appointed  a  committee  on  building  a  church.  Their  efforts 
were  successful  from  the  first. 

Aug.  18,  1868,  the  corner  stone  of  the  present  edifice  was  laid. 

June  8,  1873,  Rev.  J.  Y.  Johnston  preached  the  dedication  sermon.  The 
actual  cost  of  the  church  building  was  |3,397.91.  The  Trustees  are  Martin 
Mason,  Isaac  Cummings  and  George  Rue;  Deacon  Ephraim  Cummings; 
Clerk,  Lizzie  McCoy.  Although  an  invitation  has  been  extended,  the  church 
just  now  has  no  regular  Pastor. 

Ladies  Aid  Society  of  First  Baptist  Ohurch  organized  March  27,  1873,  at 
Mrs.  A.  E.  Martin's  residence,  unanimously  electing  the  following  officers: 
Mrs.  George  Watson,  President ;  Mrs.  W.  H.  Frye,  Vice  President ;  Mrs.  S. 
E.  Harger,  Secretary  and  Treasurer  ;-i  Mrs.  Mary  Sherman,  Assistant  Secre- 
tary and  Treasurer ;  Mrs.  Ephraim  Cummings,  Mrs.  A.  E.  Martin,  Mrs.  Eli?a 
Smith,  Mrs.  J.  M.  Brayton  and  Miss  Minnie  Coffin  were  enrolled  as  members. 

The  present  officers  and  members  are  Mrs.  Theodosia  Doolittle,  President ; 
Mrs.  J  Porter,  Vice  President ;  Mrs.  Lizzie  McCoy,  Secretary  and  Treasurer; 
Mrs.  E.  Cummings,  Mrs.  S.  B.  Harger,  Mrs.  R.  Mason. 

Woman's  Baptist  Mission  Circle  of  Delhi  organized  April  20th,  1877,  with 
following  officers  and  members :  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Harger,  President ;  Mrs.  De 
Ette,  Vice  President ;  Mrs.  A.  Rue,  Secretary  and  Treasurer ;  Mrs.  Mary 
Heath,  Mrs.  Lizzie  McCoy,  Mrs.  E.  Cummings,  Mrs.  R.  Mason,  Mrs.  Maria 
Weaver.  Meetings  are  held  the  first  Tuesday  of  eachmonthinFirstBaptist  Church. 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church. — The  organization  of  this  church  occurred 
at  the  fourth  quarterly  meeting  of  the  Earlville  Circuit,  Dubuque  District, 
Upper  Iowa  Conference,  held  here  on  Saturday,  Aug.  18,  1868,  and  presided 
over  by  Rev.  G.  L.  Garrison.  At  this  meeting  Albert  Boomer,  Elisha  Brady, 
C.  W.  Hobbs,  Daniel  Pulver  and  George  H.  Fuller  were  appointed  Trustees, 
which  Board  met  Aug.  20th,  1868,  when  Dr.  Albert  Boomer  was  elected  Presi- 
dent;  C  W.  Hobbs,  Vice  President;  George  H.  Fuller,  Secretary;  Elisha 
Brady,  Treasurer  ;  and  A.  Boomer,  E.  Brady  and  Daniel  Pulver,  were  appointed 
a  Building  Committee  to  superintend  the  repairing  and  refitting  of  the  old  Town 
s  chool  House,  which  had  been  purchased  July  25,  1868,  for  church  purposes, 
for  $250.  This  committee  were  instructed  to  make  the  first  ($50)  payment 
and  to  pledge  the  individual  notes  of  the  Trustees  for  the  balance. 

This  was  accordingly  done  and  the  building  occupied,  in  which  services 
have  ever  since  been  held.  The  Pastor  at  present  in  charge  is  the  Rev.  Eugene' 
Ketchum,  who  preaches  every  alternate  Sabbath.  The  Board  of  Trustees, 
with  the  exception  of  Elisha  Brady,  are  as  originally  appointed. 

The  Sunday  School  of  this  church  was  organized  in  the  Fall  of  1868.  The 
present  officers  are  Albert  Boomer,  Superintendent ;  G.  H.  Fuller,  Assistant 
Superintendent ;    C.  C.  Harris,  Secretary. 

A  Ladies'  Aid  Society,  whose  object  is  the  raising  of  funds  to  defray  church 
expenses,  was  organized  shortly  after  the  church  organizaiion :  Mrs.  George 
Watson,  President ;  Mrs.  Haeberle,  Secretary,  are  the  officers. 

Catholic  Ohurch. — The  building  used  by  this  denomination  was  formerly 
owned  by  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Society.  It  was  transferred  to  the  Catholie 
Church  May  30,  1863,  and  by  that  church  to  the  Bishop,  January  1,  1865. 
Rev.  J.  F.  Nugent,  the  present  Pastor,  assumed  charge  of  the  Delhi  and  Man- 
chester Parishes  December  2,  1875,  succeeding  Rev.  R.  McGrath. 

Delhi  Catholic  Temperance  Society  organized  with  fifteen  members,  by 
Father  Nugent,  May  1, 1876.     Present  membership  over  thirty. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  519 

A.  0.  OF   U.  W. 

Delhi  Lodge  A.  0.  of  U.  W.,  No.  £1,  instituted  by  D.  D.  G.  M.  Ferris  in 
Good  Templars'  Hall,  April  2,  1875,  with  twenty-two  charter  members  First 
officers:  J.  B.  Boggs,  P.  M.  W.;  W.  A.  Heath,  M.  W.;  J.  H.  Peters,  G.  F.- 
S.  S.  Summers,  0.;  J.  B.  Beveridge,  G.;  T.  A.  Twist,  Rec'dr.;  H.  C.  Haeberle! 
Finan.,  A.  B.  Martin,  Rec'r.;  A.  Preston,  I.  W;  A.  Dunham,  J.  B.  Satterlee, 
H.  C.  Jackson,  Trustees. 

The  present  membership  (1878)  is  thirty.  Officers:  J.  B.  Boggs,  P.  M. 
W.;  L.  Terpenning,  M.  "W.;  Henry  Harger,  G.  F.;  F.  B.  Fuller,  0.;  S.  S. 
Summers,  Recdr.;  J.  B.  Satterlee,  Recr.;  W.  A.  Heath,  Finan.;  H.  C.  Jack- 
son, G.;  T.  C.  Kelly,  I.  W.;  P.  W.  Keith,  0.  W.;  J.  B.  Boggs,  Henry  Har- 
ger, L.  Terpenning,  Trustees.  * 

Meet  every  Monday  evening,  in  Odd  Fellows'  Hall. 

BUSINESS    INTERESTS,  1878. 

BelM  Star  Creamery  and  Qheese  Factory. — Work  on  this  building  was 
commenced  by  B.  Thorpe,  in  March,  1878.  It  is  a  fine  two-story  frame  build- 
ing, 23x63  feet,  located  near  the  "Big  Spring."  Ample  facilities  are  provided 
to  make  into  butter  the  cream  from  the  milk  of  over  400  cows. 

Dry  Goods  and  Creneral  Merchandise. — B.  Thorp  &  Son,  1855 ;  John  T. 
Penn,  April  1,  1878 ;  Charles  Galpin,  May,  1867 ;  John  McElmeel,  January, 
1878. 

Druggist.— Morris  T.  Heath,  May,  1877. 

Harness  Maker. — L.  Terpenning,  October,  1872. 

Shoemaker.— W.  H.  Follett,  October,  1877. 

Wagon  Makers.— JoseTph  Kofemhl,  February,  1877 ;  Patrick  McMeel,  May, 
1855. 

Blacksmith  — I.  A.  Lacrone,  April,  1875. 

Tinsmith. — John  Held,  October,  1876. 

Town  Scales. — L.  Terpenning,  June,  1876. 

Physicians.— QeoTge  H.  Fuller,  1869-1877 ;  Walter  Newcomer,  Septem- 
ber, 1877  :  Albert  Boomer,  1855. 

Millinery. — Miss  L.  Gleason,  1875. 

HOTELS. 

Iowa  ffouse.—Built  in  1876,  by  John  T.  Penn,  and  conducted  by  John 
Morris  for  over  a  year,  and  by  P.  Keith  until  March  1,  1878,  when  ii.  P. 
Gaines,  present  landlord,  took  possession. 

Harding  Rouse.— Built  in  1857,  by  Charles  Hardmg.  Purchased  by  pres- 
ent owner  and  landlord,  Marion  Hutchins,  in  1868. 

MASONIC. 

Delhi  Lodge  No.  -  A.,  F.  ^A.  M.,  ^asinstituted  in  the  Winter  of  1855-6, 
with  the  following  members:  N.  W.  Moss,  W.  M.;  Ya?:^''T%  Z£h<t 
J.  W.  Penn,  James  Wright  (afterward  Secretary  of  State  ,  f  J  McMahon, 
WiUiam  Lutes,  W.  H.  Gills,  Charles  W.  Hobbs,  John  Teel,  John  Acers  H_  L. 
Ryan,  Peter  Case,  A.  E.  House,  C.  F.  Hobbs,  Lews  Crozier,  P.  Beadmg, 
William  Mcintosh  and  James  Carma.  ,.^ 

The  Lodge  surrendered  its  charter  in  1860,  owing,  it  is  said  to  some  dilh- 
culties  among  its  members,  since  which  date  Delhi  has  had  no  Masonic  organi- 
zation. 


520  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 

I.  0.  OF   0.  F. 

Delhi  Lodge,  No.  4,6,  I.  0.  of  0.  F.,  organized  U.  D.  April  6,  1853,  by 
John  S.  Dimniitt,  P.  Gr.    The  charter  members  were :  John  S.  Dimmitt,  A.  D. 

Anders, Pratt,  K.  Skinner,  Sylvester  J.  Dunham ;   and  the  following  as 

first  officers :  W.  F.  Tanner,  N.  G.;  William  Rice,  V.  G.;  J.  P.  Hook,  Secre- 
tary, and  Floyd  H.  Williams,  Treasurer.  The  charter  is  dated  October  26, 
1853. 

The  other  officers  were  appointed  as  follows :  H.  T.  Crozier,  W.;  Daniel 
Baker,  C;  Peter  Case,  I.  G.;  Norman  Hate,  0.  G.  William  Price  is  the  only 
charter  member  who  is  now  a  member  of  the  Lodge. 

The  present  officers  are :  William  Price,  N.  G.;  Andrew  Wilson,  V.  Gr.; 
Thomas  Simons,  Secretary;  E.  M.  White,  P.  S.;  H.  C.  Haeberle,  Treasurer; 
L.  S.  House,  Henry  Harger  and  L.  Terpenning,  Trustees. 

Work  on  the  foundation  of  the  building  now  owned  by  this  Lodge  was  com- 
menced in  the  Fall  of  1874.  The  contract  for  the  brick  work  was  let  to  Was- 
Bon  &  Cousins,  May  14,  1877.  May  5,  1877,  Ward  White  was  chosen  Build- 
ing Agent,  and  remained  such  until  the  completion  of  the  building,  which  was 
located  on  Lot  12,  Block  4,  and  cost  $3,000. 

The  Lodge  meets  every  Saturday  evening. 

The  following  paragraph  came  to  the  knowledge  of  the  historian  too  late 
for  insertion  in  its  proper  place : 

"  An  Act  to  appoint  a  Commissioner  to  perform  certain  duties  in  Delaware 
County,"  approved  Jan.  22,  1858,  appointed  Thomas  Helm  a  Commissioner, 
with  power  to  sell  all  or  any  of  the  unsold  and  unappropriated  town  lots  of  the 
town  of  Delhi,  and  expend  the  proceeds  upon  the  Court  House  and  Jail,  or  so 
much  thereof  as  he  may  deem  necessary  to  complete  the  same,  and  for  no  other 
purpose. 

The  records  of  the  county  do  not  indicate  that  Commissioner  Helm  Irans- 
acted  a  large  amount  of  business. 

NOTTINGHAM,  OR  EARLVILLE, 

is  situated  on  the  Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  Railroad,  in  Oneida  Township,  thirty- 
seven  miles  west  of  Dubuque.  A  Mr.  Downer  was  the  first  to  locate  on  the  site  of 
what  is  now  Nottingham,  or  Earlville.  He  came  as  early  as  1851.  His  stay 
was  short,  however,  as,  in  1852,  he  sold  all  he  owned  in  this  section  to  George 
M.  Earl,  who,  accompanied  by  Henry  Bently,  arrived  that  year.  Mr.  Bently 
remained  but  a  short  time,  when  he,  also,  left,  selling  out  to  Mr.  Earl,  who  thus 
became  the  owner  of  a  very  large  tract  of  land,  destined  to  be  the  site  of  a  vil- 
lage bearing  his  name.  The  next  settler  was  Joel  Soger,  a  carpenter,  who  came 
in  1853. 

In  that  year,  the  first  school  house — a  frame — was  built  by  him,  in  which 
Benjamin  Thorp,  Jr.,  was  the  first  teacher.  From  the  time  of  Mr.  Soger's 
arrival,  there  were  no  new  comers  to  locate  on  the  town  site  until  1857,  when 
the  Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  Railroad  was  pushed  west  as  far  as  this  point.  That 
year,  there  were  a  great  number  of  arrivals,  and  the  town  was  laid  out  by  G.  M. 
Earl,  W.  N.  Pitkin  and  the  Railroad  Company,  who,  with  the  consent  of  the 
residents,  named  the  place  Nottingham,  in  honor  of  one  of  their  largest  stock- 
holders. That  name  it  continued  to  bear  for  almost  a  year,  when,  as  there  was 
another  Nottingham-  in  the  State,  the  post  office  was  changed  to  Earlville  by 
the  Government,  and  soon  after  the  Railroad  Company  adopted  that  name  for 
the  station ;  the  name  of  the  town,  however,  is  Nottingham,  and  so  appears  in 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  521 

all  official  papers,  to  which  is  generally  added  the  words  "known  as  EarlviUe," 
and,  in  1861,  Judge  Bailey  enforced  the  name  "Nottingham,"  by  an  order  of 
the  County  Court. 

December  10,  1867,  the  first  train  arrived  at  Earlville.  The  passenger 
depot  had  already  been  erected  and  arrangements  made  to  facilitate  the  ship- 
ment of  produce  eastward.  This  was  the  western  terminus  of  the  road  for  about 
two  years.  During  that  time,  the  town  grew  rapidly,  and  business  was  very 
active. 

The  first  store  was  erected  by  Benjamin  Thorp,  Sr.,  who  opened  in  the 
Spring  of  1857,  followed  soon  after  by  P.  Bates,  the  upper  story  of  whose  build- 
ing was  used  as  a  hall. 

Soon  after  the  completion  of  the  railroad  this  far,  Earlville  became  one  of 
the  leading  grain  markets  west  of  the  Mississippi.  The  first  warehouse  was 
built  by  B.  Thorpe,  in  1858.  It  is  still  standing  in  excellent  condition.  Mr. 
Thorpe's  example  was  soon  followed  by  others,  and  two  more  small  warehouses 
were  erected ;  but,  in  1861,  this  had  become  such  an  important  grain  market 
that  the  capacity  of  these  buildings  were  entirely  inadequate,  and  an  elevator, 
the  third  built  along  the  line  of  the  Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  Railroad,  was  built 
by  J.  S.  Harris  and  Jo.  Deiley,  with  a  capacity  of  10,000  bushels.  In  1864, 
Josiah  Tilson  became  the  owner,  and  the  management  of  the  elevator  was  con- 
ducted by  him  up  to  1875,  when  it  was  purchased  by  the  present  owners,  L.  G. 
Hersey  &  Co.,  who  also  own  another  large  elevator,  which  has  a  capacity  of 
15,000  bushels.  This  elevator  was  built  in  1875,  on  the  foundations  of  one  that 
had  been  prostrated  by  a  terrific  tornado  which  passed  over  the  town  that  Sum- 
mer without,  fortunately,  doing  any  further  damage.  The  original  building  was 
put  up  by  the  same  firm  in  1869. 

In  the  Spring  of  1871,  Albert  Sims,  who,  at  that  time,  owned  an  elevator 
and  considerable  other  property  at  Earlville,  started  a  gift  enterprise  for  the 
purpose  of  realizing  on  his  assets.  Half  or  two-thirds  of  the  tickets  were  sold 
and  the  drawing  took  place,  Mr.  Sims'  unsold  tickets  being  allowed  to  go  in,  by 
which  arrangement  he  was  enabled  to  draw  back  the  elevator  and  some  other 
property.  Despite  this  apparent  good  fortune,  the  prize  was  no  advantage  to 
him  for  too  much  money  had  been  squandered  in  the  expense  of  pushing  the 
enterprise,  and  it  was  generally  believed  that  Sims'  agent  made  excellent  wages. 
The  shipment  of  grain,  stock  and  produce  has  been,  and  continues  to  be,  an 
important  feature  in  the  business  of  the  town.  The  sale  of  farm  machinery  is 
also  a  source  of  considerable  revenue  to  the  business  community. 

BUSINESS   INTERESTS. 

The  present  business  status,  with  the  time  of  their  establishment,  is  as 

°  °X^  aoods  and  aeneral  Merchandise-Qro^hj  k  Summersides,  1877 ; 
Hersey,  Potter  &  Co.,  1877.  ^   „, ,  . ,       ,.       .077 

S:=.f  ^S;^lSr^-W:  S*' S  ^^I-  -s.,  .ebmary, 
^^^Lrnm  i(f«Am-Hiram  Pierce,  October,  1875;  E.  L.  Winston,  March, 

1870. 

Shoemakers—^.  W.  Cheney,  18(4. 

Hardware — George  Stachle,  1872.  1870-  Youns& 

Wagon  and  Carriage  Ma^ers-Shubert  &  Hess,  April,  1870,   Young  « 

Otis,  1872. 


522  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

Blacksmith — D.  Goodman,  1876. 
Furniture— F.  Werkmeister,  December,  1872. 
Jeweler — Wm.  Everton,  1858. 

Druggists— 3.  S.  Harris,  1870;  Van  Valkenburgh,  1866;  M.  Fuller, 
March,  1869. 

Physician — S.  Haskell,  1865. 

Millinery— Mrs.  S.  Haskel,  September,  1874. 

Dressmaker — Amanda  Hall,  September,  1874. 

Tailor— John  H.  Maack,  April,  1875. 

Oooper—R.  E.  Martin,  May,  1878. 

Butcher — Adam  Voit,  187l. 

Livery— J.  B.  Taylor,  1871. 

Notary  Public— J.  H.  Fuller,  1869  ;  R.  Zimmerman,  1871. 

Saloons— John  Carty,  1870 ;  Wm.  Devine,  1876. 

Mats,  Caps  and  Notions — A.  L.  Jones,  May,  1875. 

Newspaper — Earlville  Record,  1878,  J.  A.  &  J.  B.  Mathews. 

RELIGIOUS. 

The  first  religious  exercises  held  in  this  town  was  that  of  a  Union  Sabbath 
School,  organized  by  H.  W.  Pitkin,  August,  1858,  with  ten  scholars,  in  a 
railroad  passenger  coach  that  laid  over  here  on  Sundays,  this  then  being  the 
terminus  of  the  road,  and  the  privilege  of  using  which  was  considerately  granted 
by  the  company  to  the  residents,  who  at  that  time  had  no  other  desirable  place 
of  meeting.  The  coach  continued  to  be  used  regularly  until  the  Fall  of  same 
year,  when  Bates'  Hall  was  substituted. 

Then  a  library  was  established,  and  Sunday  school  papers  furnished  for  the 
first  time.  To  defray  the  expenses  of  getting  these,  $500  had  been  raised  by 
voluntary  contribution,  and  |5.00  more  by  the  efforts  of  Miss  Emma  Deiley. 
This  Sunday  school  continued  to  meet  here  until  the  withdrawal  of  the  Con- 
gregational members,  who  had  at  that  time  built  their  church  building,  when  it 
was  disbanded. 

Congregational  Church. — This  denomination  effected  an  organization  Feb. 
6,  1859,  in  Bates'  Hall,  by  Rev.  H.  N.  Gates,  and  was  composed  of  the  follow- 
ing persons  :  George  Perkins,  Francis  Bates,  James  G.  Van  Planck,  Susan  J. 
Harris  and  Eliza  J.  Stowe.  Dec.  23,  1866,  the  church  edifice  now  used  was 
formally  dedicated  to  the  service  of  God,  by  Rev.  Chas.  Gibbs,  the  Pastor, 
assisted  by  Rev.  Jesse  Guernsey,  who  preached  the  dedication  sermon.  The 
expense  of  building  the  church  was  $3,150,  contributed  as  follows :  Congrega- 
tional Union,  $500  ;  Horace  W.  Pitkin,  $500  ;  George  M.  Earl,  $100  and  the 
lot;  B.  Thorpe,  Jr.,  $100.  The  balance,  amounting  to  $2,157,  was  raised  by 
subscription.  A  handsome  donation  of  a  silver  communion  service  was  made 
to  the  church  in  1875,  by  Jeremiah  Campbell.  In  1875,  an  addition  of  sixteen 
feet  in  front  was  built  to  the  church,  for  a  belfry  and  conference  room.  The 
Pastor  now  in  charge  is  Rev.  J.  M.  Bowers,  who  located  here  Dec.  28,  1877. 
The  present  church  ofiicers are :  Deacons,  Maj.  G.  H.  Morrisey,J.  S.  Harris; 
Trustees,  T.  G.  Hersey,  Charles  Shull ;  J.  S.  Harris,  Clerk. 

M.  E.  Church. — There  are  no  early  records  of  this  church  in  existence. 
The  organization  was  effected  in  Bates  Hall,  about  the  same  time  that  the  Con- 
gregationalists  organized;  in  February,  1859.  With  the  exception  of  a  short 
time  when  meetings  were  held  in  the  school  house,  they  continued  to  worship 
where  organized,  until  the  completion  of  their  present  church  edifice.    The 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  523 

Building  Committee  of  this  house  were,  J.  B.  Taylor,  J.  Deiley  and  one  other 
not  a  member  of  the  church,  whose  name  is  now  forgottfen 

The  dedication  of  the  church  occurred  March  22,  1868,  on  which  occasion 
the  sermon  was  preached  by  Rev.  Mr.  Eddy,  of  Chicago  occasion 

Rev.  Eugene  Ketchum,  whose  pastorate  began  in  October,  1876,  is  the 
present  Pastor  of  the  church.     The  officers  are  W.  C.  Coe,  J.  R.  Williams,  Will! 
lam  Ede,  J.  Deiley  and  W.  G.  Sandercock,  Trustees ;  W.   ff   Martin    I  T? 
Williams,  Stewards.  ,       •   xi.   martin,  J.  K. 

Services  are  held  in  the  morning  of  each  Sabbath.  There  is  a  vigorous  and 
well  attended  bunday  school  connected  with  the  church.  The  oflScers  are  N 
H.  Marten,  Superintendent;  J.  R.  Williams,  Assistant,  and  Hattie  Everton' 
Treasurer.  ' 

G-erman  Lutheran  Okurch,  organized  June,  1873,  by  Rev  J  Christ  in 
Exchange  Hall  with  Daniel  Raforth,  Henry  Young,  C.  Klaus,  Trustees,  and  a 
membership  of  12  families.  The  church  in  which  this  congregation  now  meets 
is  a  neat  frame  structure,  22x40  feet.  The  work  of  building  it  was  commenced 
in  the  Spring  of  1875.  Rev.  S.  De  Young,  John  Young,  F.  Werkmeister  were 
the  Building  Committee.  The  dedication  services  by  Rev.  John  Bucka,  the 
present  Pastor,  occurred  in  August,  1875.  John  Young,  Christian  Klaus, 
Daniel  Raforth,  are  the  church  Deacons  at  this  time. 

Services  are  held  each  Sunday  morning  at  10:45.  An  eflScient  Sunday 
school,  the  Superintendent  of  which  is  the  Pastor,  meets  just  previous  to  the 
morning  worship. 


EDUCATIONAL. 


In  all  matters  pertaining  to  education,  Nottingham,  "  known  as  Earlville,"  is 
recognized  as  one  of  the  foremost  towns  in  the  county.  The  early  residents 
were  of  that  better  class  of  settlers,  who,  reared  in  the  older  Eastern  States, 
where,  as  is  well  known,  the  facilities  for  acquiring  an  education  are  unsurpassed, 
were  enabled  to  at  once  and  correctly  comprehend  the  requirements  necessary 
for  the  proper  education  of  their  children.  As  early  as  1859,  they  had  dele- 
gated C.  C.  Gilman,  a  practical  workman,  to  erect  a  school  house  building,  in 
the  construction  of  which,  evidently,  space,  light  and  ventilation  were  the  con- 
trolling principles. 

No  better  evidence  need  be  required  to  demonstrate  the  wisdom  and  foresight 
of  its  projectors,  than. to  state  that  although  nineteen  years  have  elapsed,  since  in 
their  pursuit  of  knowledge,  children  first  assembled  in  the  spacious  building,  it 
is  to-day  perfectly  adapted  to. the  wants  of  the  community,  and,  under  the  really 
capable  management  of  the  present  Principal,  is  in  all  respects  a  model  school. 
We  have  already  mentioned  who  was  the  first  teacher  and  when  the  first  school 
house  was  built.  That  school  house  continued  to  be  used  until  the  erection  of 
the  present  one,  in  which  H.  N.  Gates,  a  Congregational  minister,  as  Principal 
and  Mary  Ellis,  assistant,  were  the  first  teachers. 

Earlville  was  included  in  Sub-district  No.  9,  of  the  township,  up  to  October 
31,  1865,  when  it  became  an  independent  district. 

The  school,  as  now  conducted,  has  three  departments,  Higher,  Intermediate 
and  Primary.  The  first  is  taught  by  the  Principal,  H.  E.  Stetson,  and  the 
other  two  by  Miss  Hattie  Smith  and  Miss  Jennie  Carter,  respectively.  With 
the  exception  of  the  usual  Summer  and  holiday  recesses,  school  is  held  all  the 
year  round.  There  is  an  attendance  at  present  of  119,  divided  as  follows :  34 
in  first  grade,  40  in  second  grade,  and  35  in  primary  department. 


624  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

I.  0.  0.  F. 

Oneida  Lodge  No.  1S2,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  was  instituted  in  the  school  house, 
April  25th,  1861,  by  Dept.  Gr.  M.  Ira  Graham,  assisted  by  the  following 
officers  from  the  Grand  Lodge :  Joseph  Chapman,  G.  W. ;  William  Price,  Gr. 
M. ;  S.  G.  Knee,  G.  Sec. ;  Henry  Harger,  G.  Treas.  The  first  ofiicers  for  per- 
manent organization  were  elected  by  acclamation,  as  follows :  M.  A.  Newcomb, 
N.  G. ;  Wellington  Russell,  V.  G. ;  Edwin  Grifiin,  Sec. ;  Warner  B.  Robinson, 
Treas.  By  appointment:  E.  S.  Parks,  P.  G. ;  John  Hoffman,  R.  S. ;  W.  S. 
Todd,  I.  G.  The  initiated  first  evening  were  G.  W.  Harper,  Addison  Houser, 
and  H.  W.  Goodell. 

A  special  meeting  was  held  on  the  27th  of  the  same  month,  and  a'ppoint- 
ments  made  by  G.  M.  for  all  vacant  ofiices. 

The  officers  for  1878  are  Henry  Hulbert,  N.  G. ;  William  Kenney,  V.  G.; 
J.  E.  Wheelock,  Sec. ;  M.  V.  Newcomb,  P.  S. ;  'John  Midland,  Treas.  Ap- 
pointed :  J.  H.  Fuller,  R.  S.,  and  J.  Deiley,  L.  S.  to  N.  G. ;  V.  G.  Beach, 
Warden;  William  Bverton,  Conductor;  H.  B.  White,  R.  S.  S. ;  L.  L.  Pierce, 
L.  S.  S. ;  E.  Hulbert,  I.  G. ;  J.  J.  Burlett,  0.  G. ;  C.  Schubert,  R.  S.,  and 
L.  Wheelock.  Sr.,  L.  S.  to  V.  G. 

The  membership  at  present  is  about  85.  A  handsome  frame  building  and 
the  lot  on  which  it  is  located  are  owned  by  this  body.  The  lower  portion  is 
rented  for  store  purposes.  The  hall,  the  approach  to  which  is  by  a  wide  side 
staircase,  consists  of  the  whole  upper  story.  In  size  and  finish  it  is  one  of  the 
finest  lodge  rooms  in  the  State.  Dedicated  October  3,  1877,  it  has  since  been 
used  as  the  place  of  meeting  for  this  and  all  other  secret  organizations  in  town. 

Earlville  Encampment,  No.  99. — Instituted  April  10,  1878,  by  J.  T.  Ab- 
bott, D.  D.,  in  Odd  Fellows'  Hall,  with  eighteen  charter  members.  The  following 
were  the  officers  elected:  E.  L.  Morton,  H.  P.;  William  Everton,  C.  P.;  C. 
Schubert,  S.  W. ;  G.  G.  Williams,  J.  W. ;  V.  G.  Beach,  Sec. ;  F.  Werk- 
meister,  Treas. 

MASONIC. 

Square  Lodge  A.,  F.  and  A.  M.,  No.  ^5(5.— Instituted  U.  D.  by  W.  P.  Allen, 
D.  G.  M.,  March  17, 1870,  in  the  Odd  Fellows'  Hall.  The  installation  of  the 
following  officers,  which  constituted  the  entire  number  of  charter  members,  oc- 
curred at  the  time  of  organizing  ;•  W.  P.  Cummings,  W.  M. ;  J.  D.  Deiley,  S. 
W.;  C.  T.  Stever,  J.  W. ;  J.  W.  Penn,  S.  D. ;  N.  W.  Clark,  J.  D.;  Nelson 
Clark,  Treas. ;  A.  S.  R.  Reynolds,  Sec. ;  E.  Turner,  Tyler ;  George  McKee, 
S.  S. 

The  elective  officers  for  1878,  are  J.  Cruise,  Jr.,  W.  M. ;  H.  Nietert,  S. 
W. ;  J.  Deiley,  J.  W. ;  W.  W.  Shaw,  Sec. ;  Jacob  Kleespies,  Treas. 

The  present  membership  is  about  40.  Meet  in  Odd  Fellows'  Hall  first 
Monday  on  or  before  full  moon. 

A.  0.  OF  V.  W. 

Franklin  Lodge,  A.  0.  U.  W.,  No.  if5.— Instituted  by  W.  H.  Burford, 
D.  D.,  in  old  Odd  Fellows'  Hall,  August  8,  1877,  with  sixteen  charter  mem- 
bers, and  the  following  officers :  L.  G.  Hersey,  P.  M.  W. ;  George  Staehle, 
M.  W. ;  E.  Healy,  F. ;  G.  W.  Harper,  0.;  R.  H.  Van  Wagener,  Recorder; 
I.  E.  Eldridge,  Financier ;  John  Young,  Receiver ;  H.  J.  Nietert,  G. ;  E.  P. 
Gaines,  I.  W. ;  H.  B.  White,  0.  W.  Membership  for  1878,  twenty-two. 
Officers :  George  Staehle,  P.  M.  W. ;  E.  Healy,  M.  W. ;  George  W.  Harper, 
F. ;  S.  Haskin,  0. ;  R.  H.  Van  Wagener,  Recorder;  H.  B.  White,  G. ;  I.  E^j 


HISTORY  or  DELAWARE  COUNTY  525 

Eldridge,  Financier;  John  Young,  Receiver;  John  Maack,  I.  W  •  A  Otto 
0.  W. ;  L.  tr.  Hersey,  Representative  to  G.  L.  Meets  first  and  third" Tups' 
days  01  each  month. 

I.  0.  OF  G.  T. 
mrlville  Lodge  10.  G.  T  No.  -.-Organized  by  W.  G.  McLaughlin, 
Dept.  W  G.  G.,  with  thirty-eight  charter  members,  and  the  following  officers- 
Robert  M.  Healy,  W.  C.  T. ;  Mrs.  M.  A.  Wheeler,  W.  V.  T. ;  lIv^DoS; 
Secretary;  Ida  Coe,  Assistant  Secretary;  Mrs.  L.  G.  Hersey,  Treasurer -Geo' 
W.  Harper,  Financial  Secretary ;  S.  Knickerbocker,  Chaplain ;  E.  L.  Morton' 
Marshal;  Laura  Box,  Assistant  Marshal ;  Mrs.  A.  J.  Harper  R  H  S  •  Mrs' 
A.  0.  Healy  L.  H.  S.;  J.  R.  Williams,  L.  D.  The  present  (1878)' officers 
are:  W.  H.  Martin,  W.  C.  T. ;  Ida  Coe,  W.  V.  T. ;  Charles  Currier,  Secre- 
tary ;  William  Crosby,  Financial  Secretary ;  Jennie  Keys,  Treasurer ;  Amand 
M.  Hall,  Chaplain ;  Adam  Schaller,  M. ;  Eva  Cummings,  A.  M. ;  Alice 
Bailey,  I.  G. ;  Augustus  Jamison,  0.  G. ;  Jessie  Wheeler,  R.  H.  S. ;  Nellie  J. 
Ketchum,  L.  H.  S. ;  George  Harper,  L.  D. 

EARLVILLE    CEMETERY   ASSOCIATION. 

Organized  May  23,  1863.  The  afiairs  of  this  Association  are  managed  by 
five  Trustees,  two  of  whom  are  elected  annually.  Originally,  there  were  but 
three,  as  follows :  F.  W.  Dunham,  J.  S.  Harris,  Josiah  Deiley.  The  five  now 
holding  office  are :  L.  G.  Hersey,  George  H.  Morisey,  J.  S.  Harris,  Josiah 
Deiley,  Enoch  Cummings. 

The  grounds  of  this  Association  consists  of  four  acres,  adjoining  town  plat 
on  the  east.  For  the  purposes  intended,  a  more  desirable  site  would  be  hard  to 
find.  The  inclosed  land  is  situated  on  a  slight  eminence,  and  has  been  taste- 
fully laid  out  in  lots,  and  adorned  with  evergreens  and  shrubbery,  which  makes 
what  would  be  the  otherwise  unattractive  final  resting  place  an  ornament  to  the 
town.  Any  one  may  become  a  member  of  this  Association  by  subscribing  to 
the  articles  of  incorporation  and  purchasing  a  lot. 

HOTEL. 

The  Earlville  House  was  one  of  the  first  buildings  erected  in  Earlville.  It 
was  built  in  1857.  Since  then,  there  has  been  additions  to  the  original  struc- 
ture, so  that  now  it  is  a  commodious  and  well  arranged  hotel.  The  property  is 
owned  by  Asa  Wheeler  and  Mrs.  M.  A.  Wheeler.  The  office  is  in  charge  of 
this  amiable  lady's  nephew,  Spencer  M.  Wheeler. 

DELAWARE. 

{Oneida  Township.) 

The  only  town  on  the  line  of  the  Dubuque  k  Pacific  Railroad,  in  Dela- 
ware County,  in  which  the  Iowa  Land  Company  was  not  directly  interested,  is 
the  little  town  of  Delaware,  in  the  southwest  part  of  Oneida  Township,  on  Sec- 
tion 32—89—4.  The  Davenport  &  St.  Paul  Railroad  crosses  the  Dubuque  & 
Sioux  City  road  at  this  point. 

The  first  settlements  in  this  vicinity  were  made  in  1852,  when  John  Hefner, 
W.  M.  Hefner,  J.  P.  Ball,  John  P.  Fear  and  D.  M.  Smith,  with  their  families, 
located  in  this  part  of  Township  89—4,  including  in  their  purchases  the  future 
site  of  Delaware. 

When  the  Dubuque  &  Pacific  Railroad  was  completed  through  the  county, 
in  1859,  for  the  accommodation  of  the  people  of  Delhi,  the  company  established 


526  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

a  station  here,  provided  the  people  would  furnish  depot  ground  and  build  the 
depot,  and  the  town  of  Delaware  was  laid  out  by  Frederick  B.  Doolittle,  John 
Hefner,  J.  P.  Ball  and  Geo.  Watson.  The  surveying  was  done  in  the  Fall  and 
Winter  of  1859-60,  and  the  plat  was  recorded  March  10,  1860. 

W.  M.  Hefner  was  first  Station  Agent  at  Delaware,  and  opened  the  first 
store  in  the  new  town,  probably  in  1860,  using  a  part  of  the  depot  building  for 
store  purposes.  The  first  house  on  the  town  plat  was  built  by  Hefner  &  Ball, 
in  the  Winter  and  Spring  of  1860,  and  opened  as  a  hotel  by  Mr.  Ball,  under 
the  name  of  the  "  Delaware  Centre  House."  The  house  is  still  standing,  and 
is  now  known  as  the  "  Ames  House. 

For  a  year  or  two,  the  town  increased  rapidly,  but  attained  nearly  its  pres- 
ent size  in  1862-3.  The  Davenport  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  built  in  1872-3, 
crosses  the  Iowa  Division  of  the  Illinois  Central  at  this  point,  but  has  not  proved 
to  be  of  any  material  advantage  to  the  town,  the  connections  between  the  roads 
being  very  remote. 

BUSINESS    INTERESTS. 

The  first  elevator  in  Delaware  was  erected  by  R.  Boon  and  F.  B.  Doolittle, 
in  1864.  Its  capacity  is  about  4,000  bushels.  Mr.  Boon  is  now  the  sole 
owner. 

About  1870,  Mr.  Boon  built  another  and  larger  elevator,  having  a  capacity 
of  about  8,000  bushels. 

Stores  were  started  at  various  times  by  various  parties,  among  whom  Al. 
Thorpe,  J.  Deiley,  I.  E.  Eldredge  and  R.  Phelps,  and  about  1873-4  the  Dela- 
ware County  Grange  Company  opened  a  variety  store.  In  1878,  the  business 
interests  of  the  town  are  summed  up  as  follows : 

Drugs  and  Sundries — Stringham  &  Carlin,  1872. 

Hotel — Ames  House ;  N.  0.  Ames,  Proprietor,  1874. 

Physician— R.  H.  Pierce,  M.  D.,  1876. 

Millinery — Miss  Benson,  1878. 

Shoemaker — B.  M.  Gardner,  1867. 

Livery  Stables — C.  S.  Austin,  1877 ;  Moses  Benson,  1877. 

Creamery — Moore  &  Session. 

EDUCATIONAL. 

Prior  to  1863,  a  small  building  east  of  the  town  was  used  for  school  pur- 
poses, but  in  that  year  a  small  frame  school  house  was  built  on  Lots  307  and 
317,  by  T.  F.  Horton  and  Gilmore  Engle.  The  first  school  in  the  new  school 
house  was  taught  by  Mr.  J.  D.  Eddy. 

RELIGIOUS. 

First  Baptist  Church. — This  church  was  organized  in  January,  1865,  at  the 
house  of  D.  Greaves,  by  Rev.  J.  Carrington.  Its  membership  was  as  follows : 
Francis  Robinson,  George  Chamberlain,  Mercy  Chamberlain,  Clarissa  Wood, 
Mary  Phillips,  Marcella  C.  Boon,  D.  M.  Root.  Soon  after,  twelve  more  were 
received,  and  Joseph  S.  Hunt  and  Richard  Boon  were  elected  Deacons.  In 
1866,  the  Society  determined  to  erect  a  church  building,  and  appointed  R. 
Phillips,  D.  Greaves  and  George  Chamberlain  a  Building  Committee.  The 
building  was  completed  and  dedicated  as  a  house  of  worship  in  1867,  the  dedi- 
catory services  being  conducted  by  Rev.  Milton  Whitehead.  The  present  Pas- 
tor is  R^v.  H.  D.  Weaver ;  Deacons,  J.  S.  Hunt  and  Richard  Boon  ;  Directors, 
R.  Boon,  C.  S.  Harvey  and  Delos  Gillespie. 


-^^^3^'^ 


y^/^^1^ay?^S^ 


HOPKINTON 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  529 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church. — Organized  in  the  school  house  with  seven 
members,  in  1866,  by  Rev.  Mr.  Thompson.  The  first  class  leader  was  R. 
Gould ;  Trustees,  D.  M.  Smith,  President ;  J.  Meader,  Secretary,  and  C.  S. 
Austin.  The  Methodist  Church  was  erected  in  1876 ;  dedicated  March  18, 
1877,  by  Rev.  D.  Sheffer,  D.  D.  Present  Pastor,  Rev.  E.  Ketchum ;  Trus- 
tees, D.  M.  Smith,  J.  Meader  and  B.  Enos.     Membership,  thirty-five. 

PATRONS  OF  HUSBANDRY. 

Delaware  Cfrange,  No.  930,  P.  of  H.,  organized  Feb.  24,  1873.  Charter 
members,  C.  S.  Austin,  Wm.  Horsnell,  K.  W.  Kingsley,  J.  S.  Hunt,  Delos 
Gillespie,  M.  F.  Hunt,  L.  E.  Beebe,  William  Ball,  C.  B.  Lont,  R.  Boon,  Mrs. 
M.  A.  Boon,  Mrs.  C.  D.  Kingsley,  Mrs.  M.  F.  Gillespie,  Geo.  W.  Long,  Mrs. 
Mary  Hunt,  Mrs.  Harriet  Lont,  M.  Pierce,  S.  Horsnell,  E.  Mandeville,  John 
Meader,  Mrs.  Jane  Horsnell,  Mrs.  Cornelia  Hunt,  Mrs.  Belinda  Austin  and 
Mrs.  C.  S.  Beebe.  The  officers  were  elected  as  follows :  Master,  William 
Ball ;  Overseer,  L.  B.  Beebe  ;  Lecturer,  K.  W.  Kingsley ;  Steward,  M.  Pierce ; 
Treasurer,  R.  Boon  ;  Secretary,  C.  B.  Lont ;  Ceres,  Mrs.  C.  S.  Beebe ;  Pomona, 
Mrs.  C.  D.  Kingsley  ;  Flora,  Mrs.  Mary  Hunt. 

Masters,  William  Ball,  1873-4-5;  C.  B.  Lont,  1876-7-8;  Overseers,  L. 
E.  Beebe,  1873 ;  C.  B.  Lont,  1874-5 ;  M.  F.  Hunt,  1876  ;  C.  T.  Fitzsimmons, 
1877-8. 

The  oflBcers  for  1878  are :  Master,  C.  B.  Lont :  Overseer,  C.  T.  Fitzsim- 
mons ;  Lecturer,  George  H.  McKee ;  Steward,  M.  Pierce ;  Assistant  Steward, 
R.  Lampson ;  Chaplain,  J.  S.  Hunt ;  Treasurer,  J.  G.  Angell ;  Secretary,  Wm. 
Ball ;  Gate  Keeper,  W^illiam  Horsnell ;  Ceres,  Mrs.  C.  B.  Lont ;  Pomona,  Mrs. 
C  T.  Fitzsimmons  ;  Flora,  Mrs.  Wm.  H.  Long  ;  Lady  Assistant  Steward,  Mrs. 
Jane  Horsnell.     Present  membership,  thirty-four. 

I.  0.  OF  G.  T. 

Delaware  Lodge,  No.  229,  I.   0.  of  G.  T.,  was  instituted  December  14, 
1877,  in  the  Methodist  Church,  by  Rev.  S.  Knickerbocker,  with  thirty-eight 
charter  members.     The  first  officers  elected  and  installed  were :    Rev.  H.  D 
Weaver,  W.  C.  T.  ;  Mrs.  M.  A.  Chapel,  W.  V.  T.  ;  H.  A.  Hollister,  W.  R.  S. 
Miss  Rosa  Austin,  W.  F.  S. ;  M.  F.   Hunt,  W.  T. ;  H.  L  Wasson,  W.  M. 
Mrs.  R.  Phelps,  W.  C.  ;  Miss  Libbie  Collins,  W.  I.  G. ;  C.  M.  Austin,  P.  W 

C.  T.  ;   Wm.   Wasson,  W.  L.  D.     The  officers,  May,  1878,  are  Rev.  H.  D 
Weaver,  W.  C.  T. ;  Mrs.  M.  Chupel,  W.  V.  T.  ;  George  W/.  Hunt,  W.  R.  S. ; 
Rosa  Austin,  W.  F.  S. ;  M.  F.  Hunt,  VV.  T. ;  Mrs.   R.  Boon,  W.  C. ;  George 

D.  Farmer,  W.  M. ;  Miss  Flora  Kratzer,  W.  I.  G. ;  Wm.  Thompson,  W.  0.  G. 
Present  membership,  sixty-three. 

A.  0.  OF  u.  w. 

Oneida  Lodge,  No.  59,  A.  0.  of  U.  W.,  was  instituted  March  27,  1876,  in 
Boon's  Hall,  by  W.  H.  Holman,  with  twenty-four  ch.irter  members.  First 
officers  were:  L  A.  Stringham,  M.  W. ;  David  Greaves,  P.  M.  W. ;  J.  S. 
Knowles,  F.  ;  William  W.  Hefner,  0. ;  Joseph  Simons,  Recorder ;  Charles 
Carlin,  Financier;  D.  Brown,  Receiver;  C.  P.  Dunton,  G.  Present 
officers :  W.  M.  Hefner,  M.  W. ;  I.  A.  Stringham,  P.  M.  W.  ;  A.  Knicker- 
bocker, F. ;  J.  F.  Sisson,  O.  ;  F.  Marshall,  Recorder :  J.  S.  Knowles,  Receiver  ; 
D.  J.  Paris,  Financier ;  Hiram  D.  Brown,  G. 


530  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

OTHER  ORGANIZATIONS. 

The  Delaware  Cheese  Company  was  organized  April,  1866,  William  M. 
Hefner,  President ;  A.  A.  Enos,  Vice  President ;  J.  A.  Garfield,  Treasurer ;  K. 
W.  Kingsley,  Secretary.  A  large  building  was  erected  and  the  factory  was 
successfully  operated  by  the  company  until  1871,  when  it  exchanged  the 
property  for  a  farm,  and  James.  P.  Ball  became  proprietor,  who  continued  the 
business  about  a  year,  when  the  building  passed  into  the  ownership  of  J.  S. 
Knowles  and  was  converted  into  a  stable. 

The  Delaware  Manufacturing  Company  organized  July,  1866,  with  a  paid- 
up  capital  of  $4,000,  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  a  planing-mill.  The  manage- 
ment of  the  affairs  of  the  company  was  vested  in  a  Board  of  Directors,  of  which 
L.  E.  Beebe  was  President ;  J.  S.  Knowles,  Secretary,  and  R.  Boon,  Treas- 
urer. Town  Lots  280  to  286  and  522  to  540  inclusive  were  purchased ;  the  mill 
was  built  and  commenced  operation  January  1, 1'867.  In  1870,  the  experiment 
was  pronounced  a  failure,  and  the  property  was  sold  to  L.  E.  Beebe.  In 
March,  1875,  Mr.  Beebe  removed  the  machinery  and  converted  the  building 
into  a  creamery,  at  an  expense  of  about  $1,400 ;  and  during  that  year,  14,000 
pounds  of  butter  were  made  by  John  Stewart  and  L.  E.  Beebe.  In  1876-7, 
Mr.  Beebe  managed  the  business  alone ;  but  in  1878,  leased  the  premises  to 
Messrs.  Moore  &  Sisson. 

The  Delaware  Improvement  Company  v/as  organized  March  14, 1874,  with 
a  paid-up  capital  of  $4,000,  for  the  purpose  of  developing  the  resources  of  the 
town.  The  corporators  were :  Richard  Boon.  J.  S.  Knowles,  1  E.  Eldredge, 
B.  M.  Gardner,  J.  P.  Ball,  Ira  Mallory,  J.  W.  Bateman,  J.  H.  Brown,  0. 
Nietert,  Wm.  M.. Hefner,  T.  F.  Horton,  D.  Greaves,  L.  E.  Beebe,  J.  S.  Paris, 
William  Ball,  E.  L.  Meader,  William  Horsnell,  William  Wasson,  Mary  Hefner 
and  Ann  M.  Wilcox. 

The  first  Board  of  Trustees  were :  L.  E.  Beebe,  Josiah  Deiley  and  R.  Boon. 
J.  H.  Brown,  Secretary  and  Treasurer. 

The  company  built  a  two-story  brick  building,  in  which  the  Grange  store 
was  opened  on  the  first  floor,  with  a  hall  in  the  second  story,  now  known  as 
"  Boon's  Hall."  The  present  members  are:  R.  Boon,  Rev.  W.  M.  Hefner,  L. 
E.  Beebe ;  J.  H.  Brown,  Secretary  and  Treasurer. 

GREELEY. 

[Mk  Township.) 

The  date  of  the  first  settlements  made  in  Township  90,  Range  4,  are  some- 
what uncertain,  but  from  the  best  and  most  reliable  information  now  accessible,  it 
appears  that  Richard  T.  Barrett  was  one  of  the  first  to  locate  in  this  township, 
on  the  prairie  on  the  east  side  of  the  township,  prior  to  1842.  He  was  one  of 
the  first  tax-payers  in  1842,  and  paid  $4,  indicating  that  he  had  been  here 
some  time  when  the  tax  was  assessed.  'Squire  Stancliffe  was  among  the  earliest 
settlers.  He  located  on  Section  1.  He  was  one  of  the  first  Justices  of  the 
Peace  in  the  township,  as  was  also  Benjamim  Laken. 

About  1846,  James  Stalnaker    and McLain  located  on   Section  29. 

Stalnaker  built  a  log  cabin  neaily  half  a  mile  east  of  the  present  town  of 
Greeley,  on  the  old  Territorial  road  from  Dubuque  to  Camp  Atkinson.  These 
men    remained  but  a  short  time,  and   in   1847  sold  their    claim    to    Samuel 

Lough.     Grant  Stebbins  and  Balch  located  here  about  the  same  time. 

Afterward,  Elias  Hutton  settled  near  Lough  on  tlie  same  secticm,  near  a  spring 
which  is  one  of  the  sources  of  Plum  Creek,  hence  called  Plum  Spring. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  53I 

October  30,  1844,  a  post  office  was  established  at  this  point,  sailed  Plum 
Spring,  and  Elias  Hutton  appointed  Postmaster.  The  office  was  kept  in  a 
building  now  removed,  which  stood  a  little  south  of  the  town  plat. 

In  the  Fall  of  1854,  Charles  S.  Taylor  built  a  house  about  half  a  mile  east 
of  Mr.  Lough's,  it  is  said  with  the  understanding  that  a  town  was  to  be  laid  out 
there.  This  was  the  first  house  erected  on  the  town  plat,  which  was  surveyed 
March  24,  1855,  by  J.  A.  Marvin,  Samuel  Lough  proprietor.  Mr.  Lough  was 
an  ardent  admirer  of  Horace  Greeley,  and  named  the  new  town  in  honor  of  the 
Tribune  philosopher.  At  this  time,  the  question  of  locating  the  Dubuque  & 
Pacific  Railroad  through  the  county  was  agitating  the  people,  and  the  founder 
of  Greeley  hoped  that  if  Delhi  should  lose  it  the  road  might  be  located  further 
north,  near  the  line  of  the  military  road,  and  that  the  incipient  town  of  Greeley 
might  become  a  station  for  that  railroad. 

Early  in  March,  William  Cattron  purchased  Taylor's  house,  and  took  a  deed 
of  Lots  5  and  6,  Block  1,  from  Mr.  Lough,  which  was  the  first 'sale  of  lots  in  the 
new  town.  The  Taylor  House  was  on  Lot  5,  and  Mr.  Cattron  built  a  store  on 
Lot  6,  immediately  after  his  arrival,  and  opened  a  stock  of  goods  in  it  as  soon 
as  it  could  be  finished. 

Next  after  Mr.  Cattron,  J.  B.  Taylor,  H.  C.  Drybread,  Miss  Lizzie  White 
and  others,  built  houses  on  this  plat. 

In  1863,  the  name  of  the  post.pffice  was  changed  to  Greeley.  The  town 
however,  did  not  increase  in  population  very  rapidly  for  some  years,  until  the 
location  of  the  Davenport  &  St.  Paul  Railroad  was  made,  in  1870-71,  passing 
about  fifteen  rods  south  of  the  original  town  plat.  The  railroad  was  completed 
in  1873.  In  1872,  Horace  White  built  the  White  House,  the  first  hotel  in 
Greeley ;  but  for  several  years  previous  to  this  time,  Abram  Parliman  had  kept 
tavern  at  his  farm  house  on  the  Lough  farm,  east  of  the  town.  In  1873,  Dr. 
M.  Blodgett  built  the  Blodgett  House. 

The  completion  of  the  railroad  was  of  material  advantage  to  Greeley,  gave 
it  a  new  impetus,  and  it  is  now  a  thriving  village  ol  several  hundred  inhabitants. 

EDUCATIONAL. 

A  school  house  was  built  by  subscription  on  the  southwest  corner  of  north- 
east quarter  of  Section  30.  This  is  said  to  have  been  the  first  school  house  in 
the  township.  The  first  school  in  this  house  was  taught  by  Emma  Wood.  The 
first  school  house  in  Greeley,  then  Sub-district  No.  2,  was  built  by  C.  S.  Taylor, 
contractor,  on  the  southwest  quarter  of  the  northeast  quarter  of  Section  29, 
and  was  completed  in  the  Spring  of  1857,  and  the  first  school  was  imme-liately 
commenced  by .     This  building  is  still  standing,  but  is  unused. 

April  11,  1875,  the  Independent  School  District  of  Greeley  was  orgptiized. 
The  officers  then  elected  were  H.  C.  Drybread,  L.  H.  Keyes,  George  Griffith, 
Directors.  At  the  meeting  of  the  Board,  held  on  the  same  day,  H.  C.  Dry- 
bread  was  elected  President;  L.  H.  Keyes,  Secretary,  and  James  Wilson, 
Treasurer.  Soon  after,  plans  and  specifications  by  B.  F.  Morgan,  for  the  new 
school  house,  were  accepted,  and  the  contract  for  its  erection  awarded  to  Jerome 
Baker  July  4,  1875,  who  completed  it  that  Fall.  School  was  opened  the  same 
season,  with  two  teachers,  D.  A.  Ham,  Principal,  and  Jennie  R.  Carter,  Assist- 
ant. The  present  teachers  are  G.  H.  Odell,  Principal,  and  Alice  L.  Waite, 
Assistant. 

RELIGIOUS. 

The  Universalist  Society  was  organized  Dec.  28,  1865,  at  the  residence  of 
J.  Baker.     C.  S.  Taylor  was  elected  President ;  L..  H.  Keyes,  Clerk ;  J.  S. 


532  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

Drybread,  W.  D.  Jenkins,  T.  J.  Armstrong,  Lemuel  Parker  and  Joseph 
Vaughan,  Trustees ;  M.  Jenkins,  Collector.  The  society  built  a  church  in 
1868 ;  C.  S.  Taylor,  contractor.  The  present  Trustees  are  J.  S.  Drybread,  J. 
Baker,  Benjamin  Pinkley  ;  C.  S.  Taylor,  Clerk ;  James  Pinkley,  Treasurer. 
Rev.  Joy  Bishop  was  the  first  Pastor.  The  pulpit  is  now  occupied  every  alter- 
nate Sabbath  by  Rev.  J.  N.  Hicks,  of  Strawberry  Point. 

Christian  Church. — This  church  is  older  than  the  town  of  Greeley,  having 
been  organized  at  the  "  Cooper  School  House,"  two  miles  east  of  the  town, 
June  15,  1851,  Rev.  John  Martindale,  Pastor,  and  members  as  follows :  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  H.  C.  Drybread,  James  Roe,  Mrs.  J.  Roe,  David  Martindale,  Robert 
Overocker  and  Job  Gildersleeve.  After  some  additional  members  had  been 
admitted.  Job  Odell  and  John  Fosselman  were  chosen  Elders,  and  E.  Huttou 
and  S.  Talcott,  Deacons.  The  services  of  this  church  were  held  in  school  and 
private  houses  until  1867,  when  the  society  erected  the  church  building  it  now 
occupies.  The  Rev.  and  venerable  John  Martindale,  after  over  twentjt-five 
years  of  faithful  service  and  devotion  to  the  interests  of  the  church,  was 'at 
last  compelled  by  the  infirmities  of  age  to  resign  his  position.  Since  then  the 
pulpit  has  been  occupied  in  turn  by  Rev.  W.  M.  Roe,  John  Eucell,  and  by  Rev. 
John  Smith,  the  present  Pastor.  The  present  Elders  are  Job  Odell,  John 
Fosselman  and  Augustus  Davis;  Deacons,  H.  C.  Drybread,  Dr.  M.  C.  Cannon, 
Elias  Way,  David  Martindale  and  L.  B.  Sargent. 

The  Catholic  Church  at  Greeley  was  built  in  1874.  The  first  services  were 
held  by  Rev.  M.  Quirk,  May,  1875.  Father  Quirk  remained  until  October, 
when  he  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  B.  Coyle,  who  continued  until  the  Winter  of 
1877—8.     Rev.  John  Hackett  is  the  present  ofiiciating  Priest. 

MASONIC. 

Tadmer  Lodge,  No.  285,  A.,  F.  and  A.  M.,  was  instituted  U.  D.  November 
15,  1867,  by  P.  M.  W.  H.  Neitert,  in  Baker's  Hall.  Charter  granted  June 
3,  1868.  The  first  officers  elected  and  installed  were  J.  H.  Neitert,  W.  M. ; 
W.  D.  Jenkins,  S.  W. ;  John  Drybread,  J.  W. ;  John  Corell,  Treas. ;  Luther 
H.  Keyes,  Sec. ;  Jerome  Baker,  S.  D.  ;  Timothy  Baker,  J.  D. ;  Lewis  Wells, 
Tyler. 

Officers  for  1878  :  H.  R.  Lillibridge,  W.  M.  ;  A.  L.  Baldwin,  S.  W. ; 
James  Fowler,  J.  W.  ;  John  Edmunds,  Treas. ;  C.  Engel,  Sec. ;  J.  M.  Jen- 
kins, S.  D. ;  B.  Pinkley,  J.  D. ;  S.  H.  Seeley,  Tyler.    Present  membership,  44. 

A.  0.  OF  u.  w. 

^  areeley  Lodge,  No.  — ,  A.  0.  of  U.  TT.— Instituted  April  28,  1876,  by 
W.  H.  Holman,  D.  D.,  in  Redden's  Hall,  with  twelve  charter  members.  The 
first  officers  were  L.  H.  Keyes,  M.  W. ;  Charles  Taylor,  P.  M.  W. ;  J.  Baker, 
F. ;  James  Wilson,  0. ;  C.  Engel,  Rec. ;  J.  M.  Potts,  Financier ;  William  Red- 
den, Receiver ;  J.  P.  James,  G. ;  J.  Martin,  I.  W.  ;  A.  Alamand,  0.  W. 
;  .3  Meetings  weekly  in  Masonic  Hall  since  May,  1877. 

Present  officers :  C.  Engel,  P.  M.  W. ;  W.  C.  McCannon,  M.  W. ;  J.  P. 
James,  P.  ;  T.  B.  Campbell,  0. ;  J.  Baker,  G. ;  S.  B.  Gilmore,  Recorder ;  J. 
Wilson,  Receiver. 

BUSINESS   OP   1878. 

r     General  Merehandiie. — S.  B.  Gilmore  &  Bro.,  1877;    Drybread  &  Co 
1875;  James  Wilson,  1873. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  533 

Hardware. — J.  P.  James,  1876. 

Boots  and  Shoes. — Jenkins  &  Burbridge,  1878. 

Druggists  and  Apothecaries. — L.  E.  Ward,  1872 ;  J.  B.  Robison,  1875. 

Agricultural  Implements. — James  &  Vaughn. 

Meat  Market. — B.  L.  Sweet,  1873. 

Harness  Maker. — Thomas  Evans,  1874. 

Cabinet  Maker. — Jerome  Baker. 

Blacksmiths.— D.  Ferguson,  1876 ;  N.  G-.  Wells,  1876. 

Hotels.— Greeiej  House,  M.  Blodgett,  proprietor,  1873 ;  White  House,  H. 
White,  proprietor,  1872. 

Elevator. — Greeley  Elevator,  H.  C.  Drybread,  proprietor,  built  1872; 
capacity,  12,000  bushels. 

Brass  Band. — Greeley  Cornet  Orchestra,  George  Drybread,  Leader ;  organ- 
ized 1878. 

Notary  Public. — M.  Blodgett. 

Physicians. — William  F.  Davis,  Dr.  McCannon. 

COLESBURG  AND  COLONY. 

{Colony  Township.) 

The  early  history  of  the  "  Colony,"  which  for  years  was  one  of  the  most 
important  points  in  Delaware,  is  included  in  the  General  History  of  the  County 
and  need  not  be  repeated  here,  save  to  record  some  additional  information  re- 
ceived since  that  portion  of  the  work  went  to  press. 

There  is  a  tradition  that  years  before  Gilmore,  Moreland  and  others  came,  in 
1839,  some  hunters  and  trappers  named  Van  Sickle,  had  a  trapper's  cabin  on 
or  near  the  present  sites  of  the  towns  of  Colesburg  and  Colony.  It  is  said  that 
the  Van  Sickles  lived  among  the  Indians  and  one  of  them  had  an  Indian  wife, 
which  was  not  an  unfrequent  occurrence  among  the  early  trappers.  Nor  would 
it  be  strange  if  this  were  true.  Julien  Dubuque  settled  near  the  mouth  of 
Catfish  Creek  in  1788,  and  it  is  but  reasonable  to  suppose  that  white  trappers 
and  hunters  traversed  these  prairies  long  before  the  first  settlements  were  made. 
It  is  also  stated  that  when  Mr.  Moreland's  colony  came,  in  1839,  there  came 
with  him,  besides  McMuUen,  McQuilkin  and  Reckner,  three  Bedford  families, 
but  they  did  not  remain  long. 

Lawrence  McNamee  came  in  1842,  and  purchased  the  claim  of  Wellington 
Wiltse,  on  Section  4,  Township  90  north,  Range  3  west.  This  is  said  to  have 
been  the  first  transfer  of  real  estate  in  the  township.  The  price  paid  was  $1,000, 
a  large  price  for  forty  acres,  when  land  equally  as  good  could  be  bought  for 
$1.25  per  acre,  but  it  was  the  only  land  that  could  then  be  bought  near  which 
there  were  school  advantages. 

Elizabeth  Landis  died  in  February  1843,  and  was  the  first  death  in  this 
settlement.  The  first  white  chihJ  born  in  the  Colony  settlement  was  Annis  L. 
Mallory,  daughter  of  Horace  Mallory,  October  5,  1839,  but  this  was  in  Clayton 
County. 

In' 1846,  Colony  post  ofBce  was  established  and  David  Moreland  appointed 
Postmaster. 

August  15,  1848,  the  town  of  Colesburg  was  laid  out,  consisting  of  thirty 
lots.  The  proprietors  were  Lawrence  McNamee  and  Hiram  Cole ;  James  Cole, 
Surveyor  ;  and  the  plat  is  recorded  "  Cole's  Burgh."  The  town  is  located  on 
the  northeast  quarter  and  part  of  the  northwest  quarter  of  Section  4.  Directly 
south  of  Cole's  Burgh,  and  adjoining  it,  the  town  of  Colony  was  laid  out  in 


534  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

1851,  by  David  Moreland.  These,  although  legally  two  towns,  are  practically 
but  one,  the  main  street  running  through  the  center  of  each.  But  the  post 
office  has  been  changed  several  times  from  Colony  to  Colesburg  and  vice  versa. 

It  is  stated  that  in  the  early  years  of  the  ColoUy  settlement,  David  More- 
land  had  some  traps  stolen  by  a  squad  of  scalawags  from  Clayton  County. 
Moreland  and  Missouri  Dickson  started  off  in  pursuit  and  succeeded  in 
overhauling  the  thieves.  Before  reaching  the  gang,  however,  Missouri  told 
Moreland  he  wanted  to  settle  with  the  gang  himself,  and  that  if  Moreland 
interfered,  he  should  be  under  the  necessity  of  thrashing  him.  Missouri  got 
the  traps. 

The  first  building  erected  on  the  site  of  Colesburg  was  built  by  Hiram  Cole 
in  1846,  in  which  he  opened  the  first  store  after  Beerer,  who  had  then  left. 

Mrs.  Bliss  says  that  Mr.  John  Bliss  tracked  three  animals,  he  supposed  were 
bears,  into  a  cave  north  of  Colesburg,  in  1849.  He  boldly  entered  the  cavern, 
but  instead  of  bears  found  three  panthers.  "He  was  mad,"  says  Mrs.  Bliss; 
"  he  had  bargained  the  bears  for  $15.00  and  he  could  not  hear  the  disappoint- 
ment."    He  killed  the  panthers,  however,  and  received  his  pay  all  the  same. 

About  this  time,  Drake  Nelson  was  found  dead  on  the  upper  part  of  Elk 
Creek. 

In  1851,  Jacob  B.  Moreland  erected  a  building  in  Colony  and  opened  a 
store  in  1851.  He  kept  a  full  assortment  of  all  kinds  of  goods  wanted  in  the 
country.  He  built  up  a  large  trade,  which  he  continued  to  hold  for  many  years, 
until  he  became  tired  of  being  so  closely  confined  to  business  and  sold  out  and 
retired  to  his  farm,  where,  he  would  have  little  to  do  but  oversee  his  place  and 
enjoy  the  wealth  with  which  he  had  been  so  bountifully  blest,  and  doing  what 
he  could  to  make  others  happy. 

Mr.  P.  C.  Bolsinger  opened  a  general  store  in  1852,  and  is  still  in 
business. 

John  V.  Watson  was  the  first  lawyer  to  settle  at  Colesburg,  date  unknown. 

Samuel  G.  Knee  located  here  in  l855  and  engaged  in  business  as  a  carpen- 
ter and  builder ;  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  war  of  the  rebellion ;  came  out 
Lieutenant  Colonel  and  engaged  in  trade. 

In  1857,  Bolsinger  &  Moreland  built  a  steam  flouring-mill,  which,  in  1867, 
was  purchased  by  James  Caskey  and  James  Cole,  and  subsequently  Cole  sold 
his  interest  to  Michael  Stegner.  In  1874,  Mr.  Stegner  died  and  Mr.  Caskey 
became  sole  proprietor.  This  mill  is  what,  in  miller's  parlance,  is  called  a  "  two 
run"  mill,  and  its  capacity  is  about  fifty  barrels  a  week. 

The  Colesburg  pottery  was  built  by  David  Roberts,  in  1857.  The  building 
was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1859,  but  was  rebuilt  in  the  same  year,  when  E.  Jones 
became  the  owner.  Afterward  it  was  purchased  by  Stegner  ^  Stillinger,  who 
sold  to  F.  A.  Grimes  and  R.  C.  Currie,  the  present  proprietors,  about  1871. 
Grimes  &  Co.  have  made  many  valuables  improvements. 

The  clay  obtained  here  is  peculiarly  adapted  to  this  kind  of  business.  Wood 
is  obtained  in  abundance  at  very  low  figures.  In  a  word,  they  have  all  the 
faoilities  lor  manufacturing  a  superior  article  as  cheap  as  any  factory  in  the 
country.  They  employ  quite  a  number  of  men.  Very  fine  patterns  of  differ- 
ent kinds  of  hanging  baskets,  jelly  cups,  bowls  and  other  articles  too  numerous 
to  mention,  all  of  which  are  very  ably  designed  and  perfect  in  finish  are  made 
at  this  establishment.  The  proprietors  intend  to  manufacture  100,000  flower 
pots  during  1878. 

Dr.  R.  Stedman  established  a  cheese  factory  at  Colesburg,  about  1873,  which 
was  successfully  operated  until  1877,  when  it  was  suspended. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  535 

EDUCATIONAL. 

The  first  school  house  in  the  county  was  unquestionably  built  at  the  "  Col- 
ony," near  the  present  site  of  Colesburg,  but  there  are  some  differences  of 
opinion  in  relation  to  the  precise  date  of  its  erection.  Jacob  B.  Moreland,  Esq., 
states  positively  that  a  school  house  was  built  of  logs  in  1839  or  1840 ;  that 
Mrs.  McClelland  taught  the  first  school  in  the  Fall ;  that  the  building  was 
burned  about  two  months  after  school  commenced  ;  that  Mrs.  McClelland  after- 
ward taught  school  in  James  Cole's  cabin,  and  that  in  1842  another  school  house 
was  built  in  which  Maria  Phillips  taught  the  first  school  in  the  Summer  of  that 
year.  Hon.  Joel  Bailey's  field  notes  of  the  survey  of  the  school  house  lot  of 
one  acre,  April  8,  1842,  is  the  only  record  to  be  found  relating  to  the  matter. 
Judge  Bailey  states  that  he  distinctly  recollects  a  house  built  of  round  logs  that 
was  standing  on  that  lot  when  he  made  the  survey,  and  he  thinks  it  must  have 
been  built  at  least  a  year  previous.  Lawrence  McNamee,  Esq.,  and  Silas  Gil- 
more,  Esq.,  concur  in  the  statement  that  the  first  school  house  was  built  in  1842 
of  hewed  logs,  and  that  Miss  Phillips  taught  the  first  school  in  it,  that  Summer; 
that  Mrs.  McClelland  taught  in  the  same  house  in  the  Summer  of  1843,  and 
that  she  did  not  apply  for  the  school  until  that  time ;  that  in  the  Winter  of 
1843-4,  William  Hall  commenced  a  school,  but  before  the  term  closed  the  build- 
.  ing  was  burned,  and  Mr.  Mallory's  house,  just  over  the  line  in  Clayton  County, 
and,  that  from  that  time  until  another  school  house  was  erected  in  1853,  James 
Cole's  cabin  was  used  for  school  purposes,  and  was  called  the  old  school  house. 

In  the  Summer  of  1853,  it  is  stated  that  a  school  house  was  built  in  the 
Colesburg  District  by  Augustus  H.  Mallory,  contractor.  In  1872,  the  present 
•commodious  school  house  was  erected  by  Messrs.  Bolsinger  &  Knee,  in  which 
John  Kennedy  was  the  first  teacher.  It  is  a  fine  graded  school,  and  only  first 
olass  teachers  are  employed.  In  May,  1878,  the  teachers  were  A.  G.  Savage, 
Principal,  and  Maggie  Myers,  Assistant. 

RELIGIOUS. 

The  "  Colony  "  is  entitled  to  the  honor  of  the  first  religious  services  in  the 
county,  in  1839,  when  Simeon  Clark,  a  worthy  and  eccentric  man,  and  an 
earnest  exhorter  of  the  Methodist  persuasion.  His  principal  occupation  was 
that  of  bee  hunter,  but  while  hunting  for  honey,  he  neglected  no  opportunity 
for  exercising  his  gift,  and  in  1839  held  religious  services  at  the  "  Colony  " — 
some  authorities  state  in  a  log  cabin  occupied  by  several  young  men.  The  first 
ordained  minister  to  preach  in  the  township  is  said  to  have  been  Rev.  Barney 
White. 

Congregational  Ohureh.— This  church  was  organized  December  5,  1846,  by 
Rev.  James  Hill,  in  the  old  school  house  (J.  Cole's  cabin).  The  members  were 
J.  A.  Reed,  John  W.  Potts,  David  Malvin,  Mrs.  Eliza  Potts,  Catharine  Malvm 
Mary  Black.  Samuel  Malvin  and  Sarah  Malvin.  At  this  meetmg,  J.  A.  Reed 
was  elected  Moderator ;  J.  W.  Potts,  Scribe  (?) ;  David  Malvin  and  J.  W.  Potts, 
Trustees  ;  D.  Malvin,  Clerk.  The  first  Pastor  was  Rev.  J.  Hill,  who  remained 
until  1847,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  E.  V.  Turner. 

Having  determined  to  build  a  church,  on  the  20th  of  May,  1848,  John  Brown, 
Samuel  Malvin  and  John  F.  Schunk  were  appointed  a  building  committee  to 
superintend  its  erection.  The  building  was  located  on  Main  street,  about  two 
blocks  north  of  the  post  office.  The  building  was  erected  in  1 848-9  ;  was  com- 
pleted and  dedicated  by  Rev.  E.  V.  Turner,  November  3,  1849.  Mr.  Turner 
retired  from  the  pastorate  in  1854,  and  was  succeeded  by  the  Rev.  M.  (graves, 
followed  by  Revs.  Parlen  and  Mathews  and  Amos  Jones,  the  present  Pastor. 


536  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE 'county. 

The  old  church  building  was  sold  in  the  Spring  of  1867,  to  James  M.  Potts, 
who  converted  it  into  a  dwelling  house.  It  is  now  occupied  by  the  Misses  Jacks 
as  a  millinery  store.  The  Society  rented  the  Cumberland  Church,  and  occupied 
it  until  November,  1875.  June  19, 1874,  the  Society  determined  to  erect  a  new 
church,  and  appointed  John  D.  Knee,  Joseph  Chapman,  Bruce  F.  Cuniken, 
William  Gilmore,  Samuel  Peck  and  P.  S.  Malvin  a  building  committee.  The 
building  was  completed  and  dedicated  November  14,  1875,  by  the  Pastor,  Kev. 

E.  L.  Mathews.     Rev.  Mr.  Jones,  the  present  Pastor,  assumed  charge  of  the 
parish  July  1,  1876. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  was  organized  in  the  school  house  near  where 
Colesburg  now  stands,  in  the  Fall  of  1842,  by  Rev.  Barney  White,  assisted  by 
Rev.  Simeon  Clark.  Thomas  Cole  (deceased)  was  first  Class  Leader,  and  John 
Nagle  and  Missouri  Dickson,  Stewards.  The  first  Board  of  Trustees  were 
George  Gilmore,  Henry  Klaus,  William  Bragg,  Hezekiah  Hubbard  and  Perry 
Perkins.  In  1849,  Rev.  John  L.  Kelly  was  Pastor.  The  present  church  edi- 
fice was  built  in  1849,  and  dedicated  in  the  Fall  of  that  year  by  Rev.  Geo.  B. 
Bowman,  and  Rev.  George  Larkin  became  Pastor.    The  present  Pastor,  Rev.  C. 

F.  McLean,  took  charge  October,  1877.    Present  Trustees,  Thomas  Cole,  Perry 
Perkins,  W.  S.  Page,  I.  N.  Lockridge  and  B.  L.  McNamee. 

The  first  M.  E.  Sunday  School  in  connection  with  the  church  was  organized 
in  the  Summer  of  1850,  with  Perry  Perkins  as  Superintendent.  Present  Super- 
intendent, Rev.  E.  L.  McNamee. 

The  Catholic  Church,  at  Colesburg,  built  a  church  in  April,  1857,  during 
the  pastorate  of  Rev.  Michael  Lynch.  Another  and  the  present  one  was  erected 
in  the  Summer  of  1877,  Rev.  Bernard  Coyle,  Pastor. 

The  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church  was  built  in  1859,  and  a  congrega- 
tion organized  in  March,  1860,  with  Rev.  P.  H.  Crides  as  Pastor,  and  C.  Bol- 
singer,  T.  S.  Davidson  and  P.  C.  Bolsinger,  Trustees.  Number  of  members, 
seventeen ;  Elders,  three.  Succession  of  Pastors :  Revs.  L.  L.  Lorrimer,  J. 
H.  Milholland,  J.  H.  Todd,  B.  Hall  and  S.  M.  Hunt. 

I.  0.  OF  0.  F. 

Colony  Lodge,  No.  50, 1.  0.  of  0.  F.,  was  organized  U.  D.  August  17. 1853, 
by  Alexander  D.  Anderson,  G.  M.  The  charter  members  of  the  lodge  were  S. 
T.  Dickson,  Jacob  B.  Moreland,  George  W.  Bush,  John  W.  Strader,  and  Alonzo 
H.  Mallory. 

The  officers  elected  and  installed  September  16, 1853,  were  Jacob  B.  More- 
land,  N.  G.;  John  W.  Strader,  V.  G.;  George  W.  Bush,  Secretary;  Samuel  T. 
Dickson,  Treasurer;  John  R.  Jones,  I.  G.;  A.  H.  Mallory,  P.  G. 

Officers  installed,  January  1,  187 ',  were  John  C.  Wood,  N.  G.;  Benjamin 
Lindsay,  V.  G.;  W.  Chapman,  Sec'y;  C.  A.  Tobie,  P.  S.;  Joseph  Grimes,  Treas.; 
J.  K.  P.  Bolsinger,  0.  G.;  Charles  Westbrook,  I.  G.;  James  Knee,  W.;  T.  J. 
Lockridge,  Con.;  F.  C.  Nichols,  R.  S.;  George  Dickson,  L.  S.  to  N.  G.;  James 
Prentice,  R.  S.  and  A.  W.  Rea,  L.  S.  to  V.  G.     Meetings  every  Saturday  night. 

MASONIC. 

Constellation  Lodge,  No.  67,  A.,  F.  ^  A.  M.,  organized  U.  D.  August  22, 
1855.  The  charter  members  were  Israel  Otis,  J.  A.  Kooker,  A.  H.  Eaton,  P.  C. 
Bolsinger,  Levi  Shepard,  D.G.  Kindell,  J. W.  Clark,  J.Wright  and  J,  Mc Williams. 
Israel  Otis  was  installed  W.  M.;  J.  A.  Hooker,  S.  W.;  A.  H.  Baton,  J.  W. 

The  officers  for  1878  are  S.  G.  Knee,  W.  M.;  T.  B.  Everett,  S.  W.;  R.  0. 
Currie,  J.  W.;  J.  B.  Jacobs,  Sec'y ;  P.  C.  Bolsinger,  Treas.;  Thomas  Lockridge, 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  537 

S.  D.;  Amandus  Rea,  J.  D.;  G.  W.  Rea,  Tiler;  Steward  Adams,  S.;  John 
Piatt. 

I.  0.  OF  U.  W. 

Banner  Lodge,  No.  134-,  A.  0.  of  U.  W.,  was  instituted  November  2,  1877, 
in  Odd  Fellows'  Hall,  with  fifteen  charter  members.  The  first  officers  were  John 
Piatt,  P.  M.  W.;  J.  B.  Jacobs,  M.  W.;  P.  A.  Grimes,  F.;  J.  B.  Bush,  0.;  R.  C. 
Currie,  Recorder  ;  E.  R.  Latta,  Financier ;  Richard  Wilson,  Receiver ;  William 
Creglow,  G.;  J.  D.  Kerchheck,  I.  W.;  D.  A.  Page,  0.  W.;  R.  C.  Currie,  J.  B. 
Bush,  E.  R.  Latta,  Trustees. 

Present  officers :  F.  A.  Grimes,  M.  W.;  J.  B.  Bush,  P.;  Amos  Jones,  0.;  R. 
C.  Currie,  Recorder;  Wm.  Creglow,  Financier;  R.  Wilson,  Receiver;  E.  L. 
McNamee,  G.;  J.  D.  Kirchheck,  I.  W.;  G.  A.  Mueller,  0.  W.;  J.  B.  Bush,  E. 
R.  Latta,  E.  L.  McNamee,  Trustees. 

THE    FIRST    ELECTION. 

The  first  election  in  Colony  Precinct  was  held  on  the  first  Monday  in  Au- 
gust, 1841,  when  the  people  voted  iov  location  of  the  county  seat  and  for  county 
officers. 

The  Judges  of  the  Election  were  appointed  by  the  Dubuque  County  Coin- 
missioners,  and  were  David  Moreland,  Thomas  Cole  and  Missouri  Dickson. 

There  are  no  records  now  accessible  to  show  the  number  of  votes  thrown  at 
this  election. 

At  the  next  general  election,  on  the  first  Monday  in  August,  1842,  Ezra 
Hubbard,  David  Moreland  and  Wm.  Montgomery  were  Judges  of  Election. 

It  cannot  now  be  ascertained  how  many  voters  exercised  the  right  of  suffrage, 
as  the  poll  books  are  lost,  if  indeed  any  were  kept.  At  the  election  it  is  said 
that  William  Montgomery  was  elected  Justice  of  the  Peace  and  James  Ruther- 
ford, Constable. 

BUSINESS  INTERESTS  OF  COLESBURG  AND  COLONY,  1878. 

Attorney,  J.  Chapman,  1852.  Blacksmiths,  W.  S.  Adams,  1854 ;  Oliver  P. 
DeLong,  1869.  Carriage  Maker,  C.  E.  Schaffisr,  1868.  Druggists,  T.  Cole, 
1872.  Dry  Goods  and  Notions,  g.  G.  Knee,  1866 ;  T.  Cole,  1849  ;  P.  C.  Bol- 
singer,  1851.  Millinery,  Misses  Jacks,  1871.  Harness  Shop,  T.  F.  Lockridge, 
1870.  Flouring-mill,  J.  Caskey,  1865.  Undertaker,  I.  N.  Lochridge,  1872. 
Furniture,  D.  Knee,  1870.  Hardware,  J.  V.  Bush,  1875 ;  Wilson  &  Chapman, 
1876.  Hotel,  Centennial  Hotel,  by  Benj.  Funk,  1876.  Physicians,  Dr.  R. 
Steadman,  18— ;  Dr.  C.  A.  Toby ;  Dr.  Averitt ;  Dr.  Way.  Saw  mill,  Hol- 
scher  &  Prentiss,  1876. 

HOPKINTON. 

{South  Fork  Township.) 

About  March  1,  1838,  Thomas  Nicholson  built  a  cabin  on  Section  13, 
Township  87,  Range  4  (now  South  Fork  Township),  and  with  his  family  lived 
therein  for  a  year  or  a  little  over,  when  he  sickened  and  died,  in  March,  1839. 
His  widow  was  lonely  and  indisposed  to  endure  the  hardships  of  pioneer  life, 
and  when  Leroy  Jackson  came  to  the  place  in  March,  1840,  and  proposed  to 
buy  her  claim,  she  assented  with  alacrity.  Jackson  dsked  the  Nicholson  family 
to  give  him  the  metes  and  bounds  of  his  new  farm,  to  which  they  answered 
they  were  selling  him  -'all  he  could  see."     Mr.  Jackson  returning  to  Dubuque, 


538  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

during  the  Summer,  persuaded  Henry  A.  Carter  to  join  him,  which  he  did. 
Jackson  returned  to  his  Nicholson  purchase,  with  his  fimily,  in  November,  1840. 
During  the  "Winter,  he  built  a  hewed  log  house  for  Carter,  who  moved  into  it  in 
March,  1841. 

Sarah  B.  Carter,  daughter  of  Henry  A.  Carter,  was  the  first  white  child  born 

in  this  locality  in  1841.     In  process  of  time,  she  became  the  wife  of Hale, 

Surgeon  U.  S.  A.  Mrs.  H.  Carter  died  in  1844,  the  second  death,  Mr. 
Nicholson  being  the  first.  The  second  birth  was  that  of  Henry  C.  Jackson,  in 
1844.     Mr.  Jackson  is  now  Recorder  of  Delaware  County. 

Mr.  Carter  secured  the  mill  privilege  on  the  Maquoketa  and  Mr.  Jackson  the 
one  on  Plum  Creek,  two  miles  distant,  both  erecting  saw-mills  in  1844,  and  the 
settlement  progressed  so  rapidly  that  they  laid  out  the  town  of  Hopkinton  in 
1850. 

In  1855,  a  good  number  of  the  Western  home-seekers  found  their  way  to 
Hopkinton. 

In  1856,  more  settlers  came  than  could  be  well  accommodated  at  that  time. 
About  this  time.  Rev.  W.  L.  Roberts,  D.  D.,  a  very  able  and  noted  divine  of  the 
"Covenanter"  faith,  located  at  this  point,  and  through  his  influence  many 
members  of  his  denomination  came  and  settled,  not  only  in  Hopkinton,  but  on 
the  surrbunding  prairies  within  scope  of  his  preaching. 

Bowen  Collegiate  Institute  was  located  and  established  in  the  year  1865, 
deriving  its  name  from  C.  T.  Bowen,  Esq.,  of  Chicago,  who  made  a  very  liberal 
donation  toward  its  establishment.  Prof.  Allen,  of  Dubuque,  was  its  first 
Principal,  and  continued  in  that  capacity  for  several  years.    [See  Educational.] 

During  the  flood  in  the  Maquoketa,  June  27,  1865,  the  saw-mill  at  South 
Hopkinton  was  moved  from  its  foundation,  and  the  bridge  spanning  the  river 
■washed  away. 

POLITICAL    RECORD. 

The  town  of  Hopkinton  was  incorporated  in  March,  1874.  The  election 
wg,s  held  in  Lathrop's  Hall,  on  the  3d  of  March,  and  132  votes  were  cast,  of 
which  92  were  for  incorporation  and  39  against.  The  first  oflScers  elected  were 
as  follows :  Mayor,  Isaac  Smith ;  Recorder,  John  A.  M.  Hall ;  Trustees,  James 
McArthur,  H.  A.  Carter,  James  T.  Williamson  and  G.  H.  Crawford,  all  of 
whom  qualified.  The  first  ordinance  passed  was  entitled,  "  An  ordinance  to 
create  the  oflSces  of  Marshal,  Treasurer  and  Street  Commissioner,  and  to  pro- 
vide for  their  election." 

The  second  was  "  An  ordinance  regulating  licenses,"  and  provided  that  no 
person  should  sell  any  goods,  wares  or  merchandise,  horses  or  other  animals,  or 
any  other  property  at  auction  within  the  corporate  limits,  without  a  license,  and 
fixed  the  penalty  at  $5,  and  excepted  any  sale  made  by  Marshal  or  Constable 
through  legal  process.  It  also  provided  that  no  person  or  persons  should  open, 
keep  or  exhibit  any  theater,  circus  or  exhibition  of  any  kind,  charging  admit- 
tance fee,  without  first  obtaining  a  license  for  the  same,  the  penalty  being  fixed 
at  not  less  than  $5,  or  more  than  $20,  excepting  sacred  concerts,  literary  or 
scientific  exhibitions  or  lectures. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Council,  April  3,  1874,  an  ordinance  was  passed  mak- 
ing the  corporate  town  of  Hopkinton  a  separate  road  district,  and  authorized 
the  Marshal  to  supervise  said  streets  and  roads,  and  to  collect  the  road  poll-tax. 

Ordinance  No.  4,  "  An  ordinance  for  the  protection  of  the  public  peace," 
provided  for  the  punishment  by  fine  of  any  person- breaking  the  peace,  or  in- 
juring or  defacing  signs,  fences,  awnings,  or  other  property  situated  within  the 
limits  of  said  corporation. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  639 

Ordinance  No.  5,  "  An  ordinance  to  define  the  powers  and  duties  of  the 
Town  Marshal,"  provided  that  he  should  search  out  and  report  any  violation 
of  the  ordinances  to  the  Mayor  or  some  Justice  of  the  Peace.  It  also  impowered 
him  to  call  upon  any  citizen  for  assistance  in  arresting  any  law-breakerj  and 
fixed  a  fine  of  not  less  than  $5,  or  more  than  f  20,  on  any  citizen  refusing  to 
render  such  assistance. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Council,  April  7,  1874,  C.  F.  Shimeal  was  appointed 
Marshal ;  J.  Gr.  Difienderfer,  Street  Commissioner ;  William  H.  Taylor,  Treas- 
urer— fixing  the  bonds  of  the  Marshal  at  |500,  Street  Commissioner  same,  and 
Treasurer  $1,000. 

April  18th,  "  An  ordinance  to  impose  a  tax  on  dogs,"  fixing  the  tax  at  $1 
upon  each  male  dog  and  $2  upon  each  female  dog,  and  any  person  failing  to 
pay  such  tax  was  liable  to  a  fine  of  not  less  than  $1  or  more  than  $5.  It  fur- 
ther provided  that  any  person  owning  or  keeping  a  female  dog,  and  allowing 
her  to  run  at  large  when  in  heat,  should  be  liable  to  a  fine  of  not  less  than  $1 
or  more  than  $5. 

April  25,  1874,  P.  H.  "Warner  was  appointed  Street  Commissioner,  upon 
failure  of  J.  G.  Difi'enderfer  to  qualify. 

May  5th,  the  Council  passed  an  ordinance  entitled,  "  An  ordinance  to  im- 
pose a  poll  tax,"  making  it  incumbent  upon  every  able-bodied  resident  of  the 
town,  personally  or  by  a  sufficient  substitute,  to  work  on  the  public  highway 
(how  long  the  record  saith  not),  under  the  supervision  of  the  Street  Commis- 
sioner, and  each  man  failing  to  do  so  was  liable  to  have  an  extra  day's  labor 
imposed  for  each  day's  neglect  to  appear. 

July  13th,  the  Council  passed  "An  ordinance  to  prevent  the  discharge  of 
firearms  within  the  corporate  limits  of  the  town." 

In  January,  1875,  J.  G.  Difi'enderfer  was  elected  Assessor. 

At  the  second  election,  held  at  the  Mayor's  office,  March  1,  1875,  J.  G. 
Diffenderfer  was  elected  Mayor ;  B.  A.  Barnes,  Recorder ;  J.  G.  DifiFenderfer, 
Street  Commissioner;  M.  R.  Harding,  Assessor;  I.  P.  Cramer,  Marshal;  P. 
H.  Warner,  P.  H.  Westcott,  E.  W.  Harvey,  Charles  Lathrop  and  James  L. 
Williamson,  Trustees. 

March  12,  1875,  by  vote  of  Council,  P.  J.  Wolcott  was  appointed  Treas- 
urer. 

April  25, 1875,  the  Council  imposed  a  tax  of  five  mills  per  dollar  on  all  tax- 
able property  in  the  town,  and  passed  a  resolution  allowing  |1.50  for  a  man, 
and  $3  per  day  for  a  man  and  team,  in  working  out  poll  tax. 

For  1876,  Mayor,  J.  G.  Diffenderfer;  Recorder,  William  R.  Williamson; 
Trustees,  G.  H.  Crawford,  H.  C.  Merrlam,  J.  T.  Williamson,  C.  S.  Barker  and 
Charles  Lathrop ;  Assessor,  S.  G.  Backus ;  Street  Commissioner,  A.  L.  Bort ; 
Treasurer,  C.  E.  Merriam ;  James  McArthur  was  appointed  Marshal. 

October  30,  1876,  on  vote  of  the  Council,  Hugh  Matthewson  was  appointed 
City  Marshal. 

For  1877,  Mayor,  W.  H.  Martin  ;  Recorder,  James  C.  Campbell ;  Trustees, 
W.  P.  Gerry,  W.  B.  Morgan,  G.  H.  Crawford,  A.  F.  Kirkwood,  James  F. 
Williamson ;  Assessor,  P.  D.  Smith ;  Street  Commissioner,  T.  N.  Williamson  ; 
Treasurer,  W.  R.  Williamson;  0.  C.  Abbott  was  appointed  Marshal.  T. 
N.  Williamson  resigned,  and  J.  G.  Diffenderfer  was  appointed  to  fill  the 
vacancy. 

For  1878,  Mayor,  F.  M.  Earhart ;  Recorder,  James  C.  Campbell ;  irustees, 
James  T.  Williamson,  A.  F.  Kirkwood,  W.  P.  Gerry,  C.  F.  Shimeall,  P.  D. 
Smith ;  0.  C.  Abbott  was  appointed  Marshal. 


540  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

BUSINESS   OF    1878. 

Banks.  Exchange  Bank  of  Hopkinton  by  F.  N.  Earhart,  organized  1877. 
Hotel,  Central  House,  by  A.  C.  Tapping.  General  Stores,  Barker  &  Camp- 
bell, 1877;  C.  E.  Merriam  &  Co.,  1866;  J.  H.  Campbell,  1847.  Boots  and 
Shoes,  Joe  Bernhard,  1876  ;  P.  0.  Joseph,  1863 ;  Drug  Stores,  Williamson 
&  McBride,  1877 ;  H.  Livingston,  1874.  Hardware,  J.  G.  Wallace,  1872. 
Furniture,  A.  F.  Kirkwood,  1865;  A.  Kirkwood,  1855.  Undertaker,  A. 
Kirkwood,  1854.  Restaurant,  Charles  Abbott,  1877.  Millinery,  Misses  M. 
&  N.  Dawson,  1876  ;  Barker  &  Campbell,  1877.  Harness  and  Saddlery,  0. 
F.  Shimeall.  Notaries  Public,  P.  H.  Warner,  1868 ;  M.  Harmon,  1874 ;  J. 
C.  Campbell,  1877.  Meat  Market,  C.  B.  Reeve,  1862.  Flour  Store,  James 
McArthur.  Blacksmiths,  G.  H.  Crawford,  1861 ;  W.  P.  Gerry,  1876 ;  J.  H. 
Williamson,  1878.  Wagon  Makers,  John  Dunlap,  18 — ;  R.  J.  Schlemlein, 
1874 ;  H.  M.  Pearce,  1876.  Lumber,  P.  D.  Smith,  1875.  Livery  Stables, 
Lough  &  King,  1875;  N.  Loop,  1877.  Elevators — there  are  two,  one  built 
by  Campbell,  Williamson  &  Co.,  in  1873,  present  owner,  J.  T.  Williamson ; 
the  other  was  formerly  at  Sand  Spring  and  moved  here  by  John  Stevenson  in 
1863 ;  now  in  the  hands  of  creditors.  Photographers,  Warner  &  Pearce. 
Surveyor,  P.  H.  Warner.  Physicians,  W.  H.  Finley,  1859  ;  P.  Byam,  1865 ; 
Seth  Byam,  1878  ;  J.  H.  Warmouth,  1876.  On  September  6,  1867,  the  first 
freight  shipped  from  Hopkinton  was  one  car  load  of  wheat,  in  Co.  car  111,  and 
consigned  to  Tyng  &  Brotherson,  Peoria,  111.  The  first  Station  Master  was  A. 
F.  Stickney,  followed  by  W.  E.  Davis. 

INDEPENDENT   SCHOOL'  DISTRICT   OF   HOPKINTON. 

The  first  school  house  built  in  this  district  was  constructed  of  logs,  and  situ- 
ated at  the  edge  of  a  small  grove  called  Scotch  Grove,  about  midway  between 
Hopkinton  (then  a  small  settlement)  and  the  Scotch  settlement,  in  order  that 
children  from  both  settlements  could  attend.  It  was  put  up  by  the  settlers,  who, 
in  the  Winter  of  1849,  hauled  the  logs  and  constructed  the  building  themselves. 
The  first  teacher  was  a  Miss  Beard,  from  Vermont,  who  opened  it  about  the  1st 
of  May,  1849,  and  continued  one  term.  She  was  followed  by  Mr.  Wilson,  who 
taught  about  one  year.  The  building  was  then  sold  and  the  school  removed  to 
the  village  and  kept  in  an  old  wagon  shop  until  1855.  They  then,  by  private 
subscription  and  the  money  received  from  the  sale  of  the  log  building,  built  a' 
small  brick  school  house  (the  first  brick  house  in  the  county),  the  lot  being 
donated  by  Mr.  Jackson,  and  the  structure  built  by  Mr.  Tate.  The  first  teacher 
in  this  house  was  a  Miss  Eaton,  from  Vermont.  In  March,  1865,  the  district 
was  organized  by  the  election  of  the  following  ofiicers  :  President,  H.  A.  Car- 
ter ;  Vice  President,  J.  G.  DifFenderfer  ;  Treasurer,  Edmond  Davis  ;  Secretary,. 
A.  Nash;  Directors,  C.  A.  Bell,  G.  H.  Crawford,  G.  Merriam.  March  13th, 
they  voted  a  tax  of  five  mills  on  all  taxable  property  in  the  district  for  school 
purposes.  At  that  meeting,  they  appointed  Messrs.  G.  Merriam,  Leroy  Jack- 
son and  A.  Nash  a  building  committee,  with  instructions  to  have  another  school 
house  completed  by  the  1st  of  October,  1865.  But  the  committee,  instead  of 
building,  purchased  the  old  Presbyterian  Church  for  $500,  and  made  it  into  a 
school  house.  It  stood  on  the  lot  adjoining  the  small  brick  school  house,  and 
was  used  as  a  higher  grade  school.  These  two  constituted  the  school  houses  of 
the  Independent  District  until  1875,  when  they  were  both  removed,  and  the 
Board  of  Directors,  at  an  expense  of  nearly  $7,000,  erected  a  new  brick  build- 
ing on  the  two  lots,  and  purchased  one-half  of  an  acre  lot  to  add  to  the  grounds. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  5^1 

The  building  contains  four  school  rooms,  and  employs  four  teachers.'    The  first 
teacher  was  Prof.  Coulter,  Principal. 

CHUKCHBS. 

The  Reformed  Presbyterian. — About  the  year  1854,  Mr.  James  Kilpatrick 
with  his  family,  settled  at  Hopkinton,  but  with  faint  hopes  of  seeing  a  congre- 
gation of  Reformed  Presbyterians  growing  up  around  him.  A  few  others  of  the 
same  church  connection  came,  and  the  first  sermon  by  a  Reformed  Presbyterian 
minister  was  preached  by  the  Rev  J.  Neil,  in  April,  1855.  An  article  pub- 
lished in  the  magazine  of  the  church,  setting  forth  the  advantages  to  be  gained 
in  settling  here,  by  those  in  the  East,  who  were  looking  for  Western  homes, 
induced  others  to  come. 

Dr.  Roberts,  once  Pastor  of  a  congregation  in  Baltimore,  and  afterward  of 
a  congregation  in  Sterling,  New  York,  came  to  Hopkinton  in  the  Fall  of  1855. 
The  following  Spring,  the  congregation  was  organized  with  about  twenty  or 
twenty-five  members.  Messrs.  Whittaker  and  Gilmore  were  chosen  Elders,  and 
James  Kilpatrick,  Deacon.  Shortly  after  the  congregation  was  organized,  its 
numbers  were  increased  by  about  half  a  dozen  families  from  Canada.  Dr. 
Roberts  preached  to  the  people  until  about  the  year  1859,  when  he  was  installed 
Pastor  of  the  congregation.  During  these  years,  the  congregation  had  no  church 
building,  but  held  their  services  in  a  school  house.  But  continued  increase  and 
prosperity  gave  the  people  ability  to  erect  a  church,  which  was  ready  for  occu- 
pancy in  1859. 

On  December  7,  1864,  Dr.  Roberts,  who  had  labored  among  this  people 
since  the  organization  of  the  congregation,  was  suddenly  called  away  from  earth 
to  heaven.  In  his  death,  not  only  this  church  but  the  whole  community  sufiered 
a  great  loss. 

After  the  death  of  Dr.  Roberts,  the  congregation  had  no  settled  Pastor  until 
1868,  when  D.  H.  Coulter^  a  young  man  of  great  promise,  was  ordained  and 
installed  as  Pastor.  Mr.  Coulter  continued  in  this  pastorate  until  the  Fall  of 
1874,  when  he  was  released  at  his  own  request,  having  been  called  to  another 
field  of  labor. 

On  the  15th  of  June,  1875,  R.  C.  Wylie,  who  had  just  completed  his  studies 
in  the  seminary,  was  ordained  and  installed  Pastor  of  the  congregation. 

In  the  month  of  April,  1876,  one  of  the  most  important  events  occurred  in 
the  whole  history  of  the  congregation.  It  is  well  known  that  this  denomination 
is  often  called  "  Covenanter,"  from  the  fact  that  they  hold  the  solemn  league 
and  covenant  of  Scotland,  England  and  Ireland  to  be  binding  on  those  repre- 
sented in  it,  so  far  as  it  binds  to  moral  duties.  A  covenant,  embodying  the 
principles  held  by  this  denomination,  was  prepared  by  a  committee  appointed 
by  Synod,  and  was  sworn  and  subscribed  by  Synod  in  May,  1871,  and  all  con- 
gregations in  the  entire  body  were  directed  to  do  likewise.  This  act  was  done 
by  the  Hopkinton  congregation  in  April,  1876,  as  before  stated.  We  believe 
the  effects  of  this  deed  have  been  good.  At  least  there  is  more  Christian  life 
among  the  people  and  more  Christian  work  is  done  than  before.  The  congrega- 
tion now  numbers  106  members.  The  ladies  have  a  missionary  society  holding 
monthly  meetings,  consisting  of  twenty-five  members.  They  have  also  organ- 
ized a  ladies'  prayer  meeting,  which  meets  weekly. 

The  congregation  has  a  Sabbath  school,  in  which  there  are  nine  teachers  and 
about  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  scholars. 

The  Presbyterian. — This  church  was  organized  with  seven  members  by  Rev. 
Prof.  Kerr,  then  of  Dubuque,  about  the  year  1855.     Soon  after  its  organiza- 


542  HISTORY  OP  DELAWARE  CODNTY. 

tion,  Rev.  Merit  Harmon  became  Pastor,  and  preached  for  some  time.  He  was 
succeeded  by  Jerome  Allen,  who  held  the  position  of  Pastor  of  the  church  and 
Principal  of  Bowen  (now  Lenox)  Collegiate  Institute  together  for  about  ten 
years,  and  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Samuel  Hodge,  who  has  officiated  ever  since 
until  about  a  year  ago,  when  the  church,  becoming  able  to  support  a  minister 
independent  of  the  school,  engaged  the  services  of  Rev.  T.  M.  Stevenson,  under 
whose  ministration  the  church  has  increased  its  membership  to  140.  Rev.  Mr. 
Stevenson  is  the  present  Pastor. 

The  church  edifice  is  of  brick,  and  is  very  tasty  in  appearance.  The  con- 
gregntion  is  large  and  influential. 

Rev.  M.  Harmon,  referred  to  above,  is  still  living  at  Hopkinton  in  peace  and 
quietude,  almost  at  the  end  of  life's  journey,  having  reached  the  ripe  age  of  82, 
in  possession  of  all  his  faculties.  His  age  and  long  residence  in  the  county 
entitle  him  to  this  paragraph  of  recognition. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  is  under  the  charge  of  Rev.  T.  Thompson, 
who  resides  in  Hopkinton,  and  has  care  of  the  church  at  Sand  Spring  also. 
The  present  church  edifice  was  dedicated  on  Sunday,  September  10,  1865,  Rev. 
A.  J.  Kynett  officiating.  The  attendance  was  very  large.  It  is  worthy  of  note 
that  Rev.  R.  Swearingin  was  the  first  minister  who  preached  to  the  people  of 
Hopkinton,  he  being  an  itinerant  in  this  county  from  1850  to  1854. 

The  Baptist  Church  was  organized  in  1859,  and  was  cared  for  several  years 
by  Rev.  James  Kay,  of  Cascade.     It  is  now  dormant. 

MASONIC. 

Rising  Sun  Lodge,  No.  187,  A.,  F.  and  A.  M. — This  Lodge  was  first  organ- 
ized in  Worthington,  January  8, 1866,  R.  B.  Dands,  Master,  and  J.  B.  Bailey, 
Secretary.  The  Lodge  was  removed  to  Hopkinton  in  the  early  part  of  1874, 
its  first  regular  meeting  at  the  latter  place  being  held  April  28,  1874.  The 
first  set  of  ofiicers  in  Hopkinton  were  as  follows  :  A.  B.  Wheelis,  W.  M. ;  T. 
N.  Williamson,  S.  W. ;  C.  Cook,  J.  W. ;  H.  N.  Hendee,  Secretary ;  C.  P. 
McCarty,  S.  D.  ;  I.  G.  Quackenbush,  J.  D. ;  Aaron  Richardson,  Tyler ;  J.  T. 
Davis,  Treasurer.  The  present  oflScers  are  as  follows  :  C.  E.  Merriam,  W.  M. ; 
C.  M.  Shimeall,  S.  W. ;  N.  E.  Pearce,  J.  W. ;  J.  T.  Davis,  Treasurer ;  J.  J. 
Wallace,  Secretary. 

A.  0.  OF  u.  w. 

Hopkinton  Lodge,  No.  91,  A.  0.  of  U.  W.,  was  organized  January  20, 1877, 
the  charter  being  issued  to  the  following  officers :  H.  C.  Merriam,  P.  M.  W. ; 
John  Rush,  Jr.,  M.  W.  ;  G.  H.  Crawford,  G.  F. ;  J.  C.  Kirkwood,  0.  ;  James 

C.  Campbell,  Recorder  ;  M.  E.  Spalding,  Financier ;  J.  H.  Campbell,  Receiver ; 

D.  A.  Tate,  G.  ;  W.  P.  Gerry,  I.  W.  ;  E.  W.  Harvey,  0.  W.,  and  the  following 
charter  members :  J.  T.  Williamson,  W.  H.  Finley,  A.  F.  Kirkwood,  Charles 
Lathrop,  H.  N.  Hendee,  J.  R.  Schlemlein,  J.  J.  Wallace,  A.  Hamlin,  C.  E. 
Merriam,  W.  H.  Taylor.  The  present  ofiicers  are :  John  Rush,  P.  M.  W. ;  G. 
H.  Crawford,  M.  W.  ;  D.  A.  'J'ate,  G.  F. ;  W.  II.  Taylor,  0. ;  C.  F.  Shim- 
eall, Recorder;  J.  R.  Schlemlein,  Financier;  J.  H.  Campbell,  Receiver;  A- 
F.  Kirkwood,  G. ;  J.  H.  Lough,  I.  W.  ;  Fl.  L.  Abbott,  0.  W. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  543 

SAND  SPRING. 
{/South  Fork  Township.) 

Sand  Spring  was  laid  out  January  26,  1858,  by  T.  H.  Bowen  and  L.  H. 
Langworthy,  who  employed  George  Welch  as  surveyor.  The  Southwestern 
Railway  Company  had  located  their  depot  grounds  in  1856,  says  T.  H.  Bowen. 
The  Bowens  owned  a  very  large  tract  of  land  surrounding  the  site.  The  first 
house  (of  logs)  was  built  by  Asa  C.  Bowen,  in  1852. 

The  first  important  event  in  the  history  of  the  town  was  the  accession  of 
ten  members  of  the  "Exodus  Colony,"  who  arrived  May  1,  1858.      This  asso- 
ciation was  formed  in  Massachusetts,  and  was  composed  of  about  forty  families 
— twenty-five  of  the  number  intending  to  occupy  small  farms,  and  the  others, 
to  follow  the  trades  they  had  learned. 

In  1867,  Rev.  Mr.  BoUes  was  delegated  to  go  West  to  purchase  the  land 
near  some  suitable  village,  and  to  arrange  for  the  reception  of  the  families  at 
their  future  home.  Rev.  Mr.  Bolles  took  a  fancy  to  Sand  Spring,  and  pur- 
chased 1,000  acres  of  land  from  the  Bowens,  paying  $5.00  an  acre.  Included 
in  the  sale  was  a  forty-acre  tract,  belonging  to  T.  H.  Bowen,  which  had  been 
surveyed  into  lots;  this  became  the  "Colony  Addition"  to  Sand  Spring. 
Bolles  erected  the  "  Colony  House,"  on  the  ridge,  overlooking  the  town.  Th^ 
structure  contains  sixteen  rooms,  and  was  intended  as  a  temporary  home  for 
the  colonists  as  they  came. 

The  Exodists  referred  to  above  were  the  only  ones  who  ever  came,  the  hard 
times  preventing  their  associates  from  following  them.  The  colonists  were : 
Messrs.  Olmstead,  L.  A.  Hubbard,  Otis  Battles,  A.  J.  Douglas,  Wm.  McCaus- 
land,  with  their  families,  and  Mr.  Pease. 

Asa  C.  Bowen  says  that  Mr.  Bolles  preached  the  first  sermon  in  Sand 
Spring,  in  June,  1858,  in  the  building  erected  for  a  hotel,  from  the  text,  "  I 
will  be  to  thee  a  God,  and  thou  shalt  be  to  me  a  people."  The  different  houses 
built  during  that  Summer  were  also  used  for  religious  services,  before  being 
occupied  by  their  owners.  A  notable  case  was  that  of  a  very  large  meeting 
that  Summer,  in  a  barn  now  owned  by  Charles  Crocker. 

Mr.  Bolles  is  said  to  have  been  quite  successful  in  the  pulpit.  He  dis- 
charged his  responsible  trust  in  purchasing  the  colony  lands,  and  his  subsequent 
duties  connected  therewith,  with  scrupulous  fidelity.  He  remained  with  the 
colony  three  or  four  years.  Bolles  afterward  renounced  the  Methodist  creed, 
and  became  a  member  of  the  "  Oneida  Community,"  in  New  York.  He  is  said 
to  have  died  in  an  insane  asylum. 

The  colonists,  most  of  whom  remained  at  Sand  Spring,  have  proved  valua- 
ble and  exemplary  citizens.  There  can  be  but  one  reasonable  conclusion  as  to 
the  result  of  this  colonizing  scheme,  had  the  other  families  been  able  to  follow 
those  who  came.  As  it  was,  they  were  not  able  to  raise  money  for  the  purpose, 
and  their  lands  were  transferred  to  other  owners.  Some  of  the  village  lots  fl^re 
sold  for  taxes,  and  never  redeemed.  The  Colony  Building  is  now  owned  by  Ex- 
Gov.  Claflin,  of  Massachusetts.  . 

Religious  meetings  were  held  by  Rev.  James  Kay,  of  the  Baptist  Church, 
and  by  Rev.  Mr.  Whitmore,  of  the  Methodist  Episcopol  Church,  about  the 

same  time.  ,  j.  iqcq    at- 

The  first  school  was  opened  in  Sand  Spring  in  the  Summer  of  1858,  Miss 

Lucy  Battles,  a  member  of  the  Exodus  Colony,  being  the  teacher. 

As  an  instance  of  Western  sympathy  with  enterprise  and  courage,  wherever 

displayed,  it  is  proper  to  record  that  on  September  1st,  1858,  the  citizens  ot 


544  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

Sand  Spring  and  vicinity  celebrated  the  laying  of  the  first  Atlantic  cable  by  a 
dinner  and  speeches  from  Rev.  Dr.  Roberts,  of  Hopkinton,  Dr.  Gage  and  T.  H. 
Bowen.  The  crowd  was  a  large  one  for  that  early  day,  and  the  celebration 
was  successfully  carried  out  in  all  its  details,  echoing  back  in  its  truest  meaning 
the  glad  dispatch,  "  Grlory  to  God  in  the  highest,  on  earth,  peace,  good  will  to 
men." 

The  Southwestern  Road  stopped  three  miles  short  of  Sand  Spring  in  the 
Fall  of  1858.  The  people  had  contributed  to  the  utmost  of  their  ability,  but 
the  company  was  able  to  make  only  slow  progress,  owing  to  the  great  scarcity 
of  money.  In  the  Spring  of  1859,  the  people  of  Sand  Spring  turned  out  and 
helped  lay  the  ties  and  rails  over  the  gap  between  their  town  and  the  big  world 
outside,  and  several  ladies,  among  whom  were  Mrs.  Asa  C.  Bowen  and  Mrs. 
Peter  Karst,  helped  carry  and  place  the  ties. 

The  school  house,  which  is  a  conspicuous  object  in  the  town,  was  built  in 
1868.  E.  P.  Couser  was  the  first  Principal  of  the  graded  school  and  T.  H. 
Bowen  occupied  the  same  position  two  years  after.  Mr.  Paddock  is  now  the 
principal  and  is  assisted  by  Miss  Celia  Mellor. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  was^built  in  1865,  and  Rev.  T.  Thompson 
is  now  in  charge.  The  Baptist  Church  was  erected  in  1868,  but  has  no  Pastor 
at  present. 

The  location  of  the  Davenport  &  St.  Paul  Railroad  operated  to  the  detri- 
ment of  Sand  Spring,  by  stimulating  the  growth  of  Hopkinton.  In  1872,  the 
people  of  South  Fork  Township  voted  a  tax  of  five  per  cent,  to  aid  the  construc- 
tion of  the  Davenport  Road.  This  was  opposed  by  the  people  of  Sand  Spring, 
who  could  foresee  the  bad  result  to  themselves,  but  they  were  out-voted.  The 
citizens  of  Sand  Spring  then  held  a  meeting  and  resolved  to  resist  the  payment 
of  the  tax.  They  had  invited  a  Waterloo  attorney  to  attend  and  advise  them. 
At  the  meeting  he  was  retained  to  bring  the  suit,  in  which  a  hundred  and  fifty 
property  holders  joined  as  plaintifis  in  a  petition  for  injunction.  The  case  was 
fought  through  to  the  Supreme  Court,  where  the  injunction  was  made  perpetual. 
The  litigation  cost  them  about  $2,000,  but  saved  them  some  $6,000  in  taxes. 

In  the  Winter  of  1875—6,  a  flurry  was  created  at  Sand  Spring  by  an  effort 
on  the  part  of  Dubuque  to  have  the  route  of  the  Southwestern  Road  vacated 
from  Farley  to  Monticello,  and  rebuilt  from  Dubuque,  by  way  of  Cascade. 
This,  had  it  been  successful,  would  have  had  the  effect  of  killing  Sand  Spring 
and  Worthington.  Asa  C.  Bowen,  as  soon  as  he  heard  of  the  scheme,  promptly 
procured  a  numerously  signed  petition  against  the  project,  which  he  forwarded 
to  Hon.  Joseph  Chapman,  at  Des  Moines,  who  succeeded  in  defeating  the  bill 
permitting  the  change  of  route  to  be  made,  by  having  it  amended  so  as  to 
require  the  road-bed,  if  abandoned,  to  be  put  in  its  original  condition. 

The  post  office  at  Sand  Spring  was  established  June  19,  1858  and  Truman 
H.  Bowen  was  appointed  Postmaster. 

BUSINESS    INTERESTS. 

The  business  now  carried  on  at  Sand  Spring  is  indicated  below : 
Dry  Goods  and  Groceries,  L.  Loeffelholtz.  Groceries,  G.  H.  Brown.  Broom 
Factory,  W.  Molthorp.  Blacksmith  and  Wagon  Shop,  B.  A.  Barton.  Wagon 
Shop,  E.  Overing.  Washing  Machine  Factory,  Wm.  Overing.  Physician  and 
Surgeon,  S.  Cumminga.  Notary  Public  and  Conveyancer,  0.  Henry.  Justice 
and  Conveyancer,  A.  Tuttle.  Hotel,  Thomas  Jones.  Butter  and  Cheese  Fac- 
tory, John  Stewart.     Postmaster,  Gilbert  H.  Brown. 


GREEtEY 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 


547 


The  manufacture  of  brooms,  which  has  been  an  important  industry  at  Sand 
Spring  ever  since  the  town  was  founded,  was  begun  by  T.  H.  &  Asa  C.  Bowen 
at  Hopkinton,  in  the  Summer  of  1856,  they  having  induced  some  workmen  in 
Schoharie  County,  N.  Y.,  to  come  West  and  work  for  them.     The  making  of 
the  first  broom  was  the  occasion  for  a  village  jollification. 

This  industry  has  been  a  source  of  considerable  revenue  to  the  farmers  of 
South  Fork  Township,  and  the  brooms,  being  made  in  the  best  manner,  meet  with 
ready  sale. 

SOCIETIES    AND    ASSOCIATIONS. 

The  Cemetery  Association  of  Sand  Spring  completed  its  organization  by 
recording  its  articles  of  incorporation. 

The  funds  used  in  the  purchase  of  grounds  were  raised  by  the  ladies  of  the 
Sewing  Circle  of  the  town,  who  were  materially  assisted  by  Mr.  Asa  C.  Bowen, 
who  owned  the  land  on  which  the  cemetery  is  located.  The  grounds  are  situ- 
ated on  a  slight  elevation  east  of  Sand  Spring. 

In  February,  1865,  a  Temperance  Society  was  formed,  and  the  Washing- 
tonian  pledge  signed  by  about  forty  citizens.  The  following  officers  were 
elected:  William  Spence,  Presideat;  Adelbert  Olmstead,  Vice  President; 
Stephen  T.  Bowen,  Secretary ;  Peter  Karst,  Jr.,  Treasurer. 

In  1865,  Wilson's  saw-mill,  log  and  dam  at  Sand  Spring  were  carried  away 
by  the  flood. 

FORESTVILL&. 

[Richland  Township.) 

The  first  settler  to  locate  in  Township  90  north,  Range  6  west  (Richland 
Township),  was  Mr.  William  Turner,  from  Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y.,  who  settled 
on  the  east  bank  of  the  Maquoketa,  in  the  east  half  of  Section  22.  In  1847, 
he  built  a  saw-mill,  and  Mr.  Stephen  R.  Reynolds  settled  near  him. 

In  1848,  Hiram  D.  Wood  settled  on  Section  26 ;  and  Abiather  Richardson 
and  Augustus  Jones  purchased  land  in  the  township. 

The  first  store  in  the  township  was  opened  about  1850  by  Mr.  Turner. 

The  post  office  at  Forestville  was  established  April  24,  1851,  William  Tur- 
ner, Postmaster.     The  office  was  supplied  from  Coffin's  Grove  once  a  week. 

Marcus  Phillips  was  the  first  mail  carrier,  and  was  succeeded  by  Leonard 
Lawrence. 

In  January,  1851,  Richland  Township  was  created,  composed  of  Congres- 
sional Township  90,  Range  6,  and  the  north  half  of  Township  89,  Range  6,  now 
Coffin's  Grove,  and  the  County  Commissioners  designated  the  house  of  S.  R. 
Reynolds  as  the  voting  place. 

There  are  no  records  of  township  elections  until  1854. 

The  first  meeting  of  which  any  memory  exists  was  held  at  the  house  of  John 
Lee,  in  the  Spring  of  1852,  when  the  following  officers  were  elected,  viz.: 
William  Turner  and  Stephen  R.  Reynolds,  Justices  of  the  Peace ;  John  Lee, 
William  Smith  and  George  Hart,  Trustees ;  Andrew  L.  Ginger,  Clerk ;  A.  L. 
Ginger  and  George  Hart,  Constables. 

Turner's  saw-mill  was  swept  away  by  the  freshet  in  June,  1851,  but  was 
rebuilt. 

In  1852,  Mr.  D.  Leonard  purchased  Turner's  mill  and  claim  and  opened  a 

store  at  the  village. 


548  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

The  first  school  house  was  built  of  logs  in  May,  1852,  on  Lee's  farm,  in  the 
southeast  part  of  the  township,  and  the  first  school  was  taught  by  William 
Wilson  in  this  house  the  following  Summer. 

The  first  sermon  preached  in  the  township  was  in  this  log  sohool  house,  in 
June,  1862,  by  Rev.  John  Brown. 

Charles  Hall,  from  New  York,  located  at  Forestville  in  1852,  and  built  a; 
tavern,  the  first  one  north  of  Delhi,  it  is  said.  Hall  afterward  built  an  addition 
to  this  house  and  opened  a  store. 

In  1853,  Daniel  Leonard  built  a  grist-mill,  designed  for  a  custom-mill,  oft 
the  Maquoketa,  near  the  saw-mill. 

April  4,  1854,  the  town  of  Forestville  was  surveyed  and  platted  by  Joel 
Bailey  ;    Daniel  Leonard,  propeietor. 

The  first  school  house  waS  built  in  1854,  at  a  cost  of  $300.  Elihu  Andrews 
built  it  under  contract.  A  portion  of  the  money  to  build  it  was  raised  by  taxation 
and  a  portion  was  borrowed  from  the  school  fund  by  H.  D.  Wood,  who  gave  a 
mortgage  on  his  land  as  security. 

The  house  was  located  just  outside  the  town  plat  on  the  east  side;  and  the 
first  school  was  taught  in  it  during  the  same  year  by  Mrs.  Brayman. 

This  house  was  burned  in  the  Winter  of  1870-71,  but  during  the  Summer 
of  1870  a  new  school  house  was  built  of  brick  by  Henry  Doyle,  contractor,  at 
a  cost  of  $700.     Organized  as  an  independent  district  in  1872. 

Present  School  Directors,  Solomon  Z.  Welch,  Oliver  Clark  and  William 
Sherwin. 

In  1854,  Thomas  Hickox  was  appointed  Postmaster.  Hickox  was  a  Whig, 
and  says  Mr.  Wood,  "  every  man  in  the  village  suitable  for  a  Postmaster  was  a* 
Whig  also." 

In  1856,  the  Democrats  of  the  township  petitioned  for  the  appointment  of 
Enos  M.  Littlefield,  who  lived  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  out  of  the  town.  He 
was  appointed  June  23,  1856,  but  he  could  find  no  person  in  town  qualified  for 
the  position  who  would  serve  as  Deputy,  nor  could  he  obtain  a  suitable  place  for 
an  office  nearer  than  his  house,  and  the  mail  carrier  refused  to  deliver  the  mail 
there — it  was  not  in  Forestville.  Littlefield  made  a  statement  of  the  facts  to 
the  Post  Ofiice  Department,  asking  for  authority  to  keep  the  office  at  his  house, 
and  requested  that  the  mail  carrier  be  directed  to  deliver  and  receive  the  mail 
there  also.  Meanwhile,  before  receiving  instructions  from  the  Department,  Lit- 
tlefield took  the  responsibility  of  taking  the  mail  to  his  house.  The  indignant 
citizens  determined  to  test  the  legality  of  this  proceeding,  made  up  a  test  case 
in  which  Myron  Hooker  was  plaintiff,  agreeing  if  he  was  beaten  that  the  cost 
should  be  made  up  by  contribution.  Hooker  accordingly  brought  suit  against 
Mr.  Littlefield  for  damage  sustained  by  reason  of  taking  his  mail  away  from  the 
town.  The  suit  was  brought  before  I.  P.  Powers,  Justice  of  the  Peace  of  Rich- 
land. S.  G.  Van  Anda  and  James  Crosier  were  the  attorneys  for  the  plaintiff; 
and  S.  R.  Peet,  H.  D.  Wood  and  Alpheus  Scott  managed  the  defense.  Defend- 
ant took  change  of  venue  to  Franklin  Emerson,  Justice  of  the  Peace,  but  he 

was  a  Democrat  and  plaintiff  carried  the  case  to Heath,  Justice  of  the 

Peace  of  Honey  Creek,  and  then  to  Coolidge,  also  of  Honey  Creek.  Coolidge 
tried  the  case  and  gave  judgment  for  the  defendant  for  costs,  and,  Littlefield 
having  received  the  authority  asked  for  from  the  Department,  the  whole  matter 
was  dropped.  It  is  proper  to  add  that  Hooker  did  not  realize  much  from  the 
promises  made  and  was  obliged  to  pay  the  costs  of  suit  himself. 

July  17, 1862,  William  H.  Church  was  appointed  Postmaster  at  Forestville, 
and  employed  M.  D.  Jones  as  Deputy. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  549 

Soon  after  Church's  appointment,  complaints  began  to  be  made  of  loss  of 
mail  matter.  Suspicion  pointed  to  the  Forestville  post  office.  Church  andhis 
Deputy  appeared  to  have  money  in  more  abundance  than  their  neighbors  though? 
their  circumstances  warranted.  Church  presented  a  draft  for  $100  at  Dubuque 
and  collected  it  A  detective  was  sent  to  discover  the  perpetrator  of  these  fre 
quent  mail  robberies,  who  sent  a  decoy  letter  and  found  it  in  Jones'  possession 
Church  and  Jones  were  arrested,  taken  to  Dubuque  and  lodged  in  jaS  to  aw^t 
tna  .  After  some  time  Church  procured  bail  and  was  released,  but  died  before 
^  trial.  Jones  was  tried  at  Dubuque,  convicted  and  sentenced  to  the -penitentiary 
dent  AnTew  Johnfo^  '^''^'"^  ^'^^^^^"^  °'°"*'''  """^  pardoned  by  Presi- 

BUSINESS  INTERESTS. 

In  May,  1878,  the  business  of  Forestville  was  represented  as  follows  • 
Country   Stores,   Volney  Wheeler;  Daniel  Gilbert.     Blacksmiths,  Daniel 
Briggs;  Josiah  Beach.      Carpenter,   Michael   Cossey.      Saw    and  Grist-mills 
George  bowles.  ' 

,-  I-  '^h^'^TT^^  ^T  Hfe^°^eries  in  Richland  Township.  The  first  was  estab- 
lished by  Hiram  D.  Wood,  near  Forestville,  in  the  Spring  of  1874,  of  capaciiv 
sufficient  to  use  the  milk  of  500  or  600  cows.  Mr.  Wood  manufactures  about 
iiO,000  pounds  of  butter  annually,  and  found  a  ready  market  in  New  York. 

Loomis  &  Houseman  established  another  in  the  southwest  part  of  the  town- 
ship in  1875. 

H.  H.  Cowles,  in  the  western  part  of  the  Township,  in  the  Spring  of  1876, 
and  John  &  William  HoUister,  in  the  northeast  corner,  in  1877,  each  manufac- 
ture about  20,000  pounds  annually. 

In  the  Spring  of  1878,  Mr.  Cowles  changed  his  creamery  to  a  cheese 
factory. 

ALMORAL. 

{Oneida  Township.) 

In  the  Spring  of  1856,  a  company  called  the  Stafibrd  Emigration  Company, 
of  Amherst,  Mass.,  sent  delegates  to  Iowa,  to  join  other  parties  of  the  same  com- 
pany already  here,  in  search  of  a  place  to  locate  a  colony.  The  Eastern 
delegates  becoming  dissatisfied,  or  tired  of  the  broad  expanse  of  prairie  and 
bottomless  sloughs,  as  they  appeared  to  them,  returned  to  the  East  without 
making  any  selection  for  a  location,  and  with  an  unfavorable  report.  When 
the  Stafford  Emigration  Company  was  organized,  the  following  families  were 
living  in  Delaware  and  Jones  Counties,  and  having  joined  the  company, 
expected  to  locate  with  the  colony  :  Rev.  H.  N.  Gates,  formerly  from  Connect- 
icut, was  living  at  Yankee  Settlement,  now  called  Edgewood;  D.  B.  Noble, 
formerly  from  New  York  State,  was  living  at  the  same  place ;  L.  0.  Stevens, 
formerly  from  Hardwick,  Vt.,  was  living  at  Hopkinton ;  Joseph  Dunham,  T. 
W.  Dunham  and  J.  B.  Dunham,  formerly  from  Franklin  County,  Vt.,  were 
living  at  Bowen's  Prairie,  Jones  County ;  William  G.  Strickland  came  from 
Amherst  in  1856.  Rev.  H.  N.  Gates,  D.  B.  Noble,  L.  0.  Stevens  and  F.  W. 
Dunham  continued  the  search  through  Western  and  Northwestern  Iowa,  Southern 
Minnesota,  and  following  the  line  of  a  railroad  survey  from  Dubuque  to  St. 
Paul,  they  came  upon  the  present  site  of  Almoral,  where  they  camped.  Here 
they  met  with  Rev.  J.  H.  Kasson,  who  had  the  year  or  two  previous  started 
from  Baraboo,  Wis.,  with  the  intention  of  joining  a  colony  at  Grinnell,  Iowa, 


550  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

on  reaching  this  place  had  grown  tired  and  out  of  health,  and  being  pleased  with 
.the  location  had  purchased  the  southwest  quarter  of  Section  11,  Township  89, 
Range  4,  and  built  the  first  frame  house  on  the  present  site  of  Almoral.  Mr. 
John  A.  G.  Cattron  built  on  the  northwest  quarter  of  the  same  section  same 
year.  Here  these  men  concluded  to  locate,  and  purchasing  Mr.  Kasson's  place, 
they  jointly  with  him  purchased  adjoining  lands,  making  640  acres  m  all,  as  a 
nucleus  for  the  settlement,  having  in  view  the  establishment  of  a  Congregational 
Chnrch  and  a  literary  institution.  They  donated  one-fifth  of  this  purchase  as  a 
permanent  endowment  for  an  academy  or  high  school,  accompanied  with  condi- 
tions. 

The  first  recorded  meeting  of  the  'town  proprietors  of  Almoral  was  held 
September  18,  1856,  with  L.  0.  Stevens,  President,  and  F.  W.  Dunham,  Sec- 
retary. The  town  was  laid  out  in  1858,  by  John  H.  Kasson,  proprietor.  H. 
N.  Gates  built  the  first  house  after  the  location  was  made,  in  the  Fall  of  1866, 
who  afterward  removed  it  to  Earlville,  about  1859  or  '60. 

The  first  school  at  Almoral  was  kept,  it  is  said,  in  a  vacated  log  cabin  on 
the  northwest  corner  of  the  northwest  quarter  of  the  southwest  quarter  of  Sec- 
tion 11,  in  the  Summer  of  1857  ;  Abbie  E.  Dunham,  Teacher. 

The  Almoral  Institute  was  incorporated  under  the  law  of  the  State  in  Septem- 
ber, 1857.  J.  H.  Kasson,  L.  0.  Stevens,  Joseph  Dunham,  William  G.  Strickland, 
H.  N.  Gates,  Elijah  Gates,  John  A.  G.  Cattron  and  David  Roland  were  the  cor- 
porators and  first  Trustees,  and  the  corporation  was  to  commence  December  1, 
1857,  and  continue  twenty  years.  During  that  year,  a  building  24x30  feet  was 
built  on  Lot  1,  Block  10,  in  which  the  first  term  of  the  Institute  commenced 
December  1,  1857,  under  the  charge  of  F.  W.  Dunham,  with  about  twenty 
pupils.  The  succeeding  teachers  were  Rev.  H.  N.  Gates,  L.  0.  Stevens,  J.  A. 
Marvin  and  F.  W.  Dunham  in  the  order  named,  until  1860 ;  the  district 
school  being  taught  in  connection  with  the  Institute,  which  closed  in  1860. 

In  1864,  the  present  district  school  house  was  built  on  the  west  quarter  of 
the  northeast  quarter  of  Section  11,  at  a  cost  of  about  $1,000.  When  it  was 
completed,  it  was  one  of  the  best,  if  not  the  best,  school  house  of  that  class  in 
the  county. 

I,  I  The  Institute  property  remaining  after  the  close  of  the  school  reverted  back 
to  the  donators,  who,  1872-3,  deeded  it  to  the  Almoral  Congregational  Church, 
together  with  some  other  property. 

The  Congregational  Church  was  organized  in  1857,  with  H.  N.  Gates  as 
the  first  Pastor,  and  W.  G.  Strickland  first  Deacon.  The  present  Pastor  is 
Rev.  J.  M.  Bowers. 

The  post  office  was  established  March  24,  1857.  The  first  Postmaster  was 
F.  W.  Dunham  ;  the  mails  were  weekly  ;  first  mail  received  April  28,  1857. 
He  was  followed  by  J.  B.  Dunham,  November  4,  1858,  who  is  the  present 
in6umbent;  mails,  tri-weekly. 

The  first  brass  band  in  the  county  was  organized  at  Almoral,  in  1858 — J. 
B.  Dunham,  Director — and  did  service  in  the  Lincoln  Presidential  campaign. 
Disbanded,  to  enlist  in  the  war. 

The  creamery  started  by  the  Almoral  Dairymen's  Company — which  was 
incorporated  in  February,  1876,  with  William  G.  Strickland,  President ;  J.  B. 
Dunham,  Secretary ;  J.  A.  G.  Cattron,  Treasurer ;  William  Hockady,  Agent 
— is  in  successful  operation  to-day. 

John  Cruise  has  established  a  Creamery  on  Section  12,  near  Almoral. 

Almoral  was  laid  out  in  anticipation  of  the  building  of  a  railroad  from  Du- 
buque to  St.  Paul,  which,  it  was  expected,  would  pass  through  the  town ;    or 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  551 

rather,  the  town  was  laid  out  on  the  projected  line  of  the  road.  It  is  needless 
to  add  that  the  road  was  not  built,  consequently  the  town  never  experienced 
much  growth  ;  at  least,  did  not  meet  the  anticipations  of  its  founders. 

ROCKVILLE. 

[North  Fork  Township.) 

This  ancient  town  is,  next  to  Delhi,  the  oldest  town  in  the  county.  It  is 
located  about  in  the  center  of  Section  24,  on  the  west  bank  of  the  North  Fork 
of  the  Maquoketa.  The  town  plat,  containing  forty-six  acres,  was  laid  out  in 
1845  by  Oliver  A.  Olmstead. 

The  first  settlers  were  Lucius  Kibbee  in  1837,  and  Gilbert  D.  Dillon  in 
1839.  James  Cavanaugh,  a  blacksmith,  settled  here  about  1843,  and  established 
the  second  blacksmith  shop  in  the  county.  About  1842,  Oliver  A.  Olmstead 
built  a  saw-mill  on  the  Maquoketa.  In  1843,  a  log  school  house  was  built  about 
a  mile  east  of  Olmstead's  on  the  edge  of  Dubuque  County,  where  the  few  chil- 
dren in  the  Kibbee  settlement  went  to  school.  In  this  house  the  first  school 
was  taught  in  the  Winter  of  1843-4  by  John  Keeler.  This  was  the  Rockville 
school  house  for  some  years.  In  1846,  the  post  office  of  Rockville  was  estab- 
lished. It  was  on  the  stage  road  from  Dubuque  via  Delhi  to  Quasqueton  and 
Independence.  About  this  time,  Mr.  Olmstead  built  a  small  grist-mill  with  one 
run  of  stones,  made  of  what  is  termed  "lost  rock,"  designed  for  grinding  corn. 
During  this  year,  in  the  Spring,  Cyrus  Keeler  died  at  Rockville  from  the  effects 
of  taking  a  dose  of  saltpeter  by  mistake,  supposing  he  was  taking  epsom  salts. 

In  1846  or  '47,  probably  the  former,  John  Brown,  a  brother  of  Daniel 
Brown,  who  settled  at  Eads'  Grove  in  1839-40,  and  a  United  Brethren  preacher, 
built  the  first  hotel.  Prior  to  this  time,  Mr.  Olmstead  had  "accommodated" 
the  traveling  public  in  the  old  log  house  built  by  Kibbee.  Mr.  Brown's  wife  died 
in  1847,  and  his  son  and  daughter  afterward  carried  on  the  house.  Subse- 
quently   Froom  built  another  hotel  on  the  other  side  of  the  street,  and 

later  Geo.  W.  Ashburn  opened  a  hotel  at  Rockville. 

When  and  by  whom  the  first  stock  of  goods  was  brought  to  Rockville  can- 
not now  be  definitely  determined.  It  is  said  that  Mr.  Olmstead,  who  owned  the 
mill,  also  kept  a  few  goods  for  the  accommodation  of  the  settlers.  About  the 
time  the  town  was  kid  out  or  soon  after,  J.  M.  Custer  had  a  small  log  store  and 
kept  a  few  goods.  Calvin  Sawyer  went  there  at  a  comparatively  early  day,  and 
was  a  trader  for  a  number  of  years,  keeping,  it  is  said,  the  largest  stock  and 
best  assortment  of  goods  then  "in  the  village.  Charles  W.  Hobbs,  from  Delhi, 
removed  to  Rockville  in  1850,  and  opened  a  well-stocked  store,  then  the  best  in 
town.  , 

About  1846-7,  Rockville  began  to  increase  pretty  rapidly  in  importance  and 
population.  It  was  located  on  the  main  traveled  road  from  Dubuque  westward, 
and  was  one  of  the  stations  of  the  Western  Stage  Company.  It  apparently 
had  a  promising  future,  and  was  headquarters  for  balls  and  parties  for  the  young 
people  of  Delaware  and  the  western  part  of  Dubuque  Counties.  Late  m  1»4/, 
Mr.  Olmstead,  the  founder  of  the  town,  sold  the  mills  and  his  other  property  to 
Philip  Hogan,  who  in  1848  built  an  excellent  flouring-miU,  and  from  that  time 
until  about  1855-6,  the  town  of  Rockville  was  on  the  top  wave  of  prosperity. 
The  first  sermon  preached  is  lost  in  the  obscurity  of  years.  John  iirown 
preached  the  first  sermon  of  his  denomination  here  about  1846  and  he  preached 
Cyrus  Keeler's  funeral  sermon.     The  Methodists  probably  held  religious  ser- 


652  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

rices  prior  to  that  time,  and  among  the  earliest  were  Rev.  Mr.  Briar  and  Rev. 
Mr.  Farlow.  The  Methodists  built  a  fine  church  here  and  occupied  it  sev- 
eral years,  but  it  was  finally  taken  down,  removed  and  re-erected  on  Plum 
Creek.  The  removal  of  this  house  was  the  occasion  of  considerable  excitement, 
and  not  a  little  ill  feeling.  A  brick  school  house  was  erected  about  1852-3, 
which  still  remains. 

In  the  great  flood  of  1851,  a  large  portion  of  the  town  was  submerged.  In 
this  freshet  the  mills  were  swept  away,  but  were  immediately  rebuilt. 

About  1851,  Judge  Dyer  started  the  town  of  Dyersville,  a  few  miles  north 
of  Rockville,  on  the  edge  of  Dubuque  County,  and  for  several  years  the  people 
of  that  infant  town  obtained  their  mail  at  Rockville.  Delhi  also  took  a  start 
about  the  same  time,  and  the  people  of  Rockville  became  exceedingly  jealous  of 
these  rivals.  It  was  then  a  thriving  town,  had  several  stores,  three  hotels,  a 
church,  a  school  house,  a  number  of  mechanics,  and  it  did  not  like  to  see  its 
prestige  threatened.  But  when  the  Dubuque  &  Pacific  Railroad  was  completed 
to  Dyersville  in  1856-7,  the  stages  were  taken  off,  the  immense  stream  of  travel 
that  since  1847  had  flowed  through  the  town  was  diverted  into  another  channel. 
Rockville  suddenly  collapsed,  and  received  its  final  blow  when  the  Dubuque  & 
Southwestern  Railroad  passed  by  it  on  the  other  side,  and  the  town  of  Worthing- 
ton  sprang  up  within  three  miles  of  it. 

But  little  now  remains  to  attest  to  its  former  prosperity,  except  a  new  stone 
flouring-mill  built  several  years  ago  by  Mr.  Ruddlesdin  and  now  operated  by 
Mr.   Georgean. 

HARTWICK. 

This  hamlet,  which  is  located  on  Section  30,  Township  88,  Range  4,  was 
laid  out  by  John  W.  Clark  in  18 — .  Here  Clark  built  a  saw-mill,  and  in 
1853,  began  the  erection  of  a  flouring-mill.  He  had  already  opened  a  store 
and  was  keeping  tavern.  John  Whitman  settled  in  1855,  and  started  a  black- 
smith shop.  Two  years  after,  a  wagon  shop  was  started,  Clark  furnishing  the 
means.  The  town  flourished  apace,  for  within  the  next  year  or  two,  a  shoe- 
shop  was  established,  but  by  whom  is  now  forgotten,  and  about  the  same  time, 
a  brick  yard  was  started  by  Samuel  Stansbury  and  his  brother.  A  paint  shop 
was  also  built  by  Jacob  Williams. 

This  is  an  incident  in  the  early  history  of  Hartwick.  An  Irishman,  Pat- 
rick Kenna,  used  to  haul  wood  to  the  burg  with  a  yoke  of  oxen  named  "  Buck" 
and  "  Bright,"  but  never  troubled  himself  as  to  whose  land  it  grew  on.  Clark 
met  him  one  day  as  he  was  going  in  with  a  load.  Clark  stopped  and  hailed 
him  with  the  point  blank  question  as  to  whose  land  he  had  gone  on  for  the 
wood.  Looking  his  interlocutor  square  in  the  eye,  as  he  trudged  by,  Pat. 
answered,  "  Sure,  Misther  Clark,  an'  I  niver  asks  ye  where  ye  git  your  wood !' 
Pat  then  cracked  his  whip,  with  a  "  Gee,  Buck  !"  and  drove  on  with  his  load. 

Clark  was  a  driving,  stirring  man,  but  like  thousands  of  others  in  the  spec- 
ulative era  of  185f)-7,  went  to  the  wall  with  liabilities  much  in  excess  of  assets. 
He  went  to  California  in  1858,  and  his  property  passed  into  other  hands.  Mr. 
Whitman  left  the  place  before  Clark,  and  with  the  departure  of  these  two  enter- 
prising men  the  glory  of  Hartwick,  as  a  business  point,  departed. 

In  June,  1861,  the  Board  of  Supervisors,  on  motion  of  Clement  CofiBn, 
resolved  to  submit  to  vote  whether  or  not  a  farm  should  be  purchased  for  the 
maintenance  of    paupers,    and  the  homestead  formerly   owned  by  Clark  was 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  553 

temporarily  leased  by  the  county  and  used  as  a  poor  farm  until  the  Board 
purchased  the  present  site. 

Jacob  Williams,  referred  to  above,  enlisted  in  the  Greybeard  Regiment  in 
1863.  He  deserted  shortly  after,  and  returned.  A.  S.  Blair,  Esq.,  who  was 
Deputy  Provost  Marshal,  heard  of  his  return,  and  also  heard  that  Williams 
had  given  out  that  he  would  not  submit  to  be  taken  alive.  Mr.  Blair  engaged 
J.  C.  Skinner  to  go  with  him,  and  as  a  precautionary  measure  took  along  a 
ponderous  revolver.  Arriving  at  Williams'  house,  he  got  out,  leaving  his 
revolver  in  the  buggy.  He  went  to  the  door  on  the  side  of  the  house  whence 
Williams  expected  to  escape,  and  gained  access  by  inquiring  if  a  painter  lived 
there.  Williams  was  up  stairs,  but  came  down,  little  suspecting  Mr.  Blair's 
errand.  Blair  told  him  his  business,  but  Williams  manifested  no  dangerous 
symptoms,  merely  asking  the  privilege  of  going  up  stairs  to  change  his  clothes. 
Mr.  Blair  refused  to  allow  this,  whereupon  Mrs.  Williams  remarked  that  it  was 
not  genteel  to  require  him  to  undress  before  the  women  folks.  Blair  suggested 
they  could  retire  themselves.  Williams  changed  his  apparel,  went  along  quietly, 
and  was  punished  by  having  his  pay  stopped. 

The  scenery  at  Hartwick  is  attractive  in  the  extreme,  the  mill  and  dam 
adding  much  to  the  picturesque  location  of  the  town.  The  Maquoketa  is  bridged 
at  this  place  by  a  graceful  iron  structure,  which  springs  from  a  high  rocky 
bank  on  the  south  side  of  the  stream,  and  the  north  side  rests  on  a  high  pier 
built  of  massive  magnesian  rock.  The  locality  is  an  attractive  one  for  picnic 
parties.  In  the  gravel  bed  below  the  dam  are  found  small  geodes  and  beautiful 
agates. 

The  mill  is  now  owned  by  Furman  Brothers,  and  is  regarded  as  one  of  the 
best  in  the  county. 


DELAWARE  TOWNSHIP. 

The  first  meeting  for  the  election  of  township  officers  in  Delaware  Town- 
ship, of  which  record  now  remains,  was  held  at  the  house  of  Toogood  &  Bethell, 
in  the  village  of  Burrington,  in  April,  1856,  when  the  following  officers  were 
elected : 

Joseph  C.  Skinner,  Justice  of  the  Peace;  Harvey  J.  Brown,  Township 
Clerk ;  Watson  Roe,  Allen  Mead,  James  Edmonds.  Trustees ;  Albert  Thomp- 
son, Assessor ;  Charles  Trenchard  and  William  H.  Hollister,  Constables. 

In  1857,  0.  P.  Reeves,  Justice  of  the  Peace;  E.  R.  Congar,  Clerk;  Henry 
Acers,  Watson  Roe,  Allen  Mead,  Trustees. 

In  1858,  E.  L.  Eaton,  Justice  of  the  Peace ;  J.  W.  Yount,  Clerk ;  Watson 
Roe,  George  Acers,  William  C.  White,  Trustees. 

In  October,  1858,  another  election  was  held  at  the  school  house  m  the  vil- 
lage of  Manchester,  and  thenceforward  the  annual  meetings  for  election  of 
township  officers  were  held  in  October.  At  the  above-named  meeting,  E.  O. 
Clemens  and  E.  L.  Eaton,  were  elected  Justices  of  the  Peace;  J.  W.  Yount, 
Clerk ;  E.  Merrill,  A.  R.  Loomis,  T.  Crosby,  Township  Trustees. 

In  1859,  L.  A.  Loomis,  Justice  of  the  Peace ;  H.  J.  Brown,  Clerk ;  L. 
Paxson,  John  Acres,  Henry  Edmonds,  Trustees.  „   ,     td  a  t 

In  1860,  E.  L.  Eaton,  William  Terwilliger,  Justices  of  the  Peace;  fe.  Ij- 
Doggett,  Clerk;  Ira  P.  Adams.  H.  M.  Congar,  Watson  Roe^  T""^"*^"'-^     .,, 

In  1863,  R.  W.  Tirrill,  L.  A.  Loomis,  Justices  of  the  Peace ;  E.  Merrill, 
T.  Crosby  and  Thomas  Toogood,  Trustees ;  V.  Childs,  Clerk. 


564  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

In  1864,  D.  S.  Potter,  M.  Cotton,  N.  H.  Johnson,  Trustees ;  T.  Crosby, 
V.  Childs,  Justices  of  the  Peace ;  V.  Childs,  Clerk. 

In  1866,  Pardon  Wells,  Watson  Childs,  A.  S.  Blair,  Trustees ;  g.  L.  Dog- 
gett.  Justice  of  the  Peace ;  V.  Childs,  Clerk. 

In  1866,  Oliver  Cronk,  M.  Cotton,  L.  S.  Gates,  Trustees ;  D.  R.  Blais- 
dell,  T.  Crosby,  Justices  of  the  Peace ;  S.  L.  Doggett,  Clerk. 

In  1867,  S.  L.  Doggett,  Justice  of  the  Peace;  J.  M.  Lanning,  Henry  ^cers,. 
J.  D.  Sly,  Trustees;  S.  L.  Doggett,  Clerk. 

In  1868,  T.  Crosby,  V.  Childs,  Justices  of  the  Peace ;  S.  L.  Doggett,  Clerk; 
J.  W.  Bobbins,  Oliver  Cronk,  J.  Davidson,  Trustees. 

In  1869,  S.  L.  Doggett,  Justice  of  the  Peace ;  S.  L.  Doggett,  Clerk ; 
William   Catron,  Ferdinand  Dunham,  Noble  Buggies,  Trustees. 

In  1870,  J.  B.  Satterlee,  N.  H.  Johnson,  Justices  of  the  Peace;  S.  L. 
Doggett,  Clerk  ;  S.  W.  Green,  Noble  Buggies,  W.  H.  Seeds,  Trustees. 

In  1871,  S.  L.  Doggett,  Justice  of  the  Peace;  S.  L.  Doggett,  Clerk;  Tru- 
man Terrill,  John  F.  Merry,  Egbert  Hoag,  Trustees. 

In  1872,  Calvin  Yoran,  N.  H.  Johnson,  Justices  of  the  Peace ;  S.  L,  Dog- 
gett, Clerk ;  John  F.  Merry,  Seth  Brown,  Morell  Cotton,  Trustees. 

In  1873,  S.  L.  Doggett,  Justice  of  the  Peace ;  S.  L.  Doggett,  Clerk ;  L. 
S.  Gates,  George  Quackenbush,  A.  0.  Moore,  Trustees. 

In  1874,  S.  L.  Doggett,  Calvin  Yoran,  N.  H.  Johnson,  Justices  of  the 
Peace;  S.  L.  Doggett,  Clerk  ;  William  Tate,  Alonzo  Shew,  Ira  Howland, 
Trustees. 

In  1875,  N.  H.  Johnson,  Justice  of  the  Peace ;  S.  L.  Doggett,  Clerk ; 
Alonzo  Shrew,  Ira  Rowland,  T.  Crosby,  Trustees. 

In  1876,  Cummings  Sanborn,  S.  L.  Doggett,  N.  H.  Johnson,  Justices  of 
the  Peace ;  S.  L.  Doggett,  Clerk ;  Alonzo  Shrew,  T.  Crosby,  Ira  Howland, 
Trustees. 

In  1877,  Charles  Husted,  Justice  of  the  Peace;  S.  L.  Doggett,  Clerk; 
Alonzo  Shew,  Ira  Rowland,  Lewis  Paxson,  Trustees. 

MASONVILLE. 

(Coffin's  Grove  Township.) 

This  pleasant  little  town  is  located  on  the  southwest  corner  of  Coffin's 
Grove  Township,  was  laid  out  July  22,  1858,  by  Francis  Daniels  and  the  Iowa 
Land  Company,  James  G.  Verplank,  Surveyor. 

The  town  was  named  in  honor  of  B.  B.  Mason,  Esq.,  then  the  late  President 
of  the  Iowa  Land  Company,  and  probably  named  by  Mr.  Daniels,  who  at  that 
time  owned  the  quarter  section  on  which  the  village  now  stands,  and  offered  the 
Land  Company  one-third  of  it  to  induce  them  to  locate  a  station  upon  his  land. 
This  proposition  was  accepted  by  the  Company,  and  they  erected  a  depot  in 
1860,  upoji  the  site  the  present  one  occupies.  It  proving  inadequate,  however, 
to  the  growing  demands  of  the  town,  it  was,  eight  years  thereafter,  removed 
and  a  new  one  substituted.  The  old  one  was  moved  up  on  the  main  street, 
opposite  the  Masonville  House,  and  is  now  used  as  a  sort  of  carpenter's  shop. 

The  first  house  in  the  town  was  erected  by  Oscar  Wellman,  who  came  west 
from  New  York  in  1862,  and  built,  about  two  years  afterward,  the  house  he 
now  occupies.  He  kept  for  some  years  a  stage  station  and  hotel,  giving  the 
horses  good  stabling,  and  lodging  the  men  on  the  floor  or  anywhere  they  could 
find  room  to  stretch  their  weary  limbs. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  555 


BUSINESS   INTERESTS. 

Hotels,  Masonville  House,  by  J.  D.  Smith,  1874;  Central  House,  by  A.  K. 
Martin,  1876.  General  Merchandise,  A.  M.  Latimer,  1877;  David  Burk' 
1876.  Drugs  and  Groceries,  W.  E.  Lawrence,  1877.  Blacksmith,  Joseph 
Taylor.  Elevators,  F.  S.  Griffin,  1869  ;  Chandler,  Brown  &  Co.,  of  Mil- 
waukee, not  now  in  operation.  Grist-mill,  Burk  Bros.,  1878.  Flour  and 
Feed,  I.  D.  Smith. 

The  first  school  house  in  town  was  built  in  1862,  by  Mr.  Dunton,  and  after- 
ward purchased  by  the  township.  The  first  teacher  was  Miss  Mary  R. 
Williams. 

CHURCHES. 

Free- Will  Baptist  Church,  organized  May  10,  1857,  at  the  school  house 
near  Henry  Baker,  by  Rev.  N.  W.  Bixby,  and  who  was  Pastor  of  the  church 
until  May  13,  1866,  when  he  resigned  the  pastorate,  and  Rev.  R.  Norton  was 
elected  Pastor,  May,  1867.  By  a  vote  of  the  church,  the  meetings  were  removed 
from  Coffin's  Grove  to  Masonville,  and  the  name  of  the  church  changed  from 
Coffin's  Grove  to  Masonville. 

During  the  season  of  1877,  the  church  erected  a  house  for  public  worship, 
which  was  not  completed  and  dedicated  May  26,  1878.  Rev.  R.  Norton  is  the 
present  Pastor. 

The  Catholic  Church  was  built  in  1870.  The  present  Priest  is  P.  J. 
Clabby,  of  Bufi'alo,  who  conducts  services  there  once  in  every  three  weeks. 


I.  0.  OF  Q.  T. 

Masonville  at  present  has  but  one  society,  and  that  is  Masonville  Lodge, 
No.  196,  I.  0.  of  G.  T.,  which  was  organized  in  1877,  by  Mrs.  A.  C.  Carter, 
from  Manchester.  At  the  first  meeting,  the  following  officers  were  elected :  W. 
C.  T.,  George  E.  Gemmill;  W.  S.,  John  Latimer;  W.  V.  T.,  Jennie  Latimer; 
W.  C,  S.  p.  Peters;  P.  W.  C.  T.,  Henry  Stiles;  W.  M.,  Charles  Lamon;  W. 
T.,  Lizzie  Lawrence;  W.  F.  S.,  S.  C.  Douglass  ;  W.  I.  G.,  Hattie  Lamon  ;  W. 
0.  G.,  Oscar  Wellman;  L.  L.,  S.  P.  Peters;  W.  D.  M.,  Mina  Peters;  W.  A. 
S.,  Lenora  Brown;  L.  H.  S.,  Mrs.  N.  M.  Stiles;  R.  H.  S.,  Mrs.  Gemmill. 
The  Lodge  started  with  35  charter  members,  and  now  numbers  about  70. 


COFFIN'S  GROVE  TOWNSHIP. 

This  township  is  Congressional  Township  89  north,  Range  6  west.  It  was 
organized  in  1855,  by  a  decree  issued  to  Clement  Coffin,  who  had  settled  m  a 
grove  of  timber  in  the  south  central  portion  of  the  township,  fifteen  years 
.before.  The  grove  was  called  Coffin's  Grove  by  the  early  settlers  and  hence 
the  name  of  the  township.  The  voters  met  according  to  the  provisions  of  the 
decree  in  the  old  school  house  in  the  grove,  and  elected  the  following,  first  town- 
ship officers:  Henry  Baker  and  Aaron  Sullivan,  Justices  of  the  Peace;  W.  J. 
Doolittle,  Township  Clerk. 


556  HISTORY  OF  l^ELAWARE  COUNTY. 

SCHOOLS. 

The  township  contains  eight  sub-school  districts,  with  school  houses  and 

teachers,  to  wit : 

Material.  When  Built.  First  Teacher. 

No.  1,  Brick '. 1868 E.  H.  Sellens. 

No.  2,  Frame 1873 Victoria  Isbell. 

No.  3,       '•      1867 H.  A.  Brown. 

No  4        •'      1866 Emeroy  Stimson. 

No.  5!       "      1872 C.  H.  Sharp. 

No  6        "     1871 Hattie  Hawley. 

No.  7,'      "      1871 T.M.Sabine. 

No.  8,       "     1875 Annie  Maguire. 

These,  with  the  exception  of  Nos.  1,  2,  3  and  5,  were  the  first  houses  and 
teachers.  In  the  excepted  districts,  the  first  school  houses  were  log  structures, 
which  soon  gave  place  to  more  substantial  buildings.  In  No.  1,  however,  the 
log  school  house  was  built  in  1854. 

In  the  Summer  or  Fall  of  1856,  Orton  &  Older's  circus  tent  was  pitched 
near  Henry  Baker's,  in  Coffin's  Grove,  and  all  the  country  side  turned  out  to 
witness  the  performance.  The  afternoon  was  rainy  and  it  was  decided  not  to 
exhibit  in  the  evening.  Several  men  from  Acersville  and  Manchester,  who  had 
transferred  considerable  whisky  from  their  flasks  to  their  own  stomachs, 
demanded  that  the  performance  should  be  repeated  in  the  evening.  This  demand 
was  refused,  whereupon  a  dispute  arose,  followed  by  a  fight.  In  the  melee, 
Martin  Heath  was  struck  on  the  head  by  a  neck-yoke,  in  the  hands  of  one  of 
the  circus  men.  He  was  picked  up  and  taken  to  Manchester,  where  he  was 
confined  to  the  house  for  several  days.  About  ten  days  after  the  fight,  he 
walked  out,  with  the  help  of  a  cane,  to  where  some  boys  were  playing  ball. 
The  ball  coming  in  his  vicinity,  Heath  struck  at  it  with  his  cane,  but  fell  to  the 
ground  suddenly,  exclaiming,  "  Oh  boys,  I  have  killed  myself! ''  His  words 
were  indeed  true,  for  he  died  dhring  the  night. 

Dr.  Hamlet,  who  was  said  to  have  been  the  main  cause  of  the-fracas,  prudently 
crawled  under  a  wagon  when  it  began,  and  remained  there  until  it  was  safe  to 
come  out.  Hancock,  a  Manchester  lad,  started  to  run  when  the  fight  began. 
In  his  course,  he  stepped  on  a  rake-handle,  which  broke  and  one  end  flew  up, 
giving  him  a  sharp  blow  on  the  back  of  his  head;  as  soon  as  he  could  gather,  he 
turned  and  squared  himself  toward  his  fancied  assailant,  who  was  nowhere  visi- 
ble, much  to  his  disgust. 

YANKEE  SETTLEMENT. 

[Honey  Greek  Township.) 

In  the  Spring  of  1842,  two  young  men,  Lorenzo  Mulliken  and  Daniel  B. 
Noble,  from  "York  State"  or  "Yankee  Land,"  settled  in  the  edge  of  the  Tur- 
key timber,  in  the  northeastern  part  of  Township  90 — 5  (Honey  Creek),  on 
Section  1.  Soon  after  their  arrival,  Henry  W.  Lyon  and  his  family  settled 
near  them.  Lyon  appears  as  a  taxpayer  in  the  first  assessment  roll,  in  Septem- 
ber, 1842.  He  did  not  remain  long.  Becoming  alarmed  after  the  murder  of 
T.  Garden,  in  February,  1843,  he  removed  to  Eads'  Grove  in  the  Spring  of 
that  year,  and  the  year  following  went  to  Missouri. 

In  the  Fall  of  1843,  Nelson  Steele  and  family  located  near  Noble  and  Mul- 
liken ;  and  in  1844,  Lorenzo's  father,  Samuel  Mulliken,  and  his  family  arrived. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  557 

,  About  this  time,  the  new  settlement  in  this  part  of  the  county  began  to  be 
called  "Yankee  Settlement,"  from  the  fact  that  the  settlers  were  all  from 
Yankee  Land,  to  distinguish  it  from  other  Turkey  settlements.  The  name  was 
not  confined  to  any  single  section,  and  the  Yankee  Setttlement  extended  into 
90 — 4  (Elk),  and  into  Clayton  County. 

In  1846,  Elder  N.  W.  Bixby  and  his  wife.  Ruby,  from  Williamstown,  Vt., 
located  in  the  Yankee  Settlement.  Elder  Bixby  was  the  firsc  Free-Will  Baptist 
minister  who  settled  in  Delaware  County.  His  wife,  also,  occupied  the  pulpit, 
"and,"  says  Mrs.  Bailey,  "was  considered  the  smarter  preacher  of  the  two." 

January  12,  1848,  the  "  Yankee  Settlement  "  post  office  was  established,  on 
Section  1,  90 — 5,  and  Bohan  Noble  appointed  Postmaster ;  and  in  May  follow- 
ing, Joseph  S.  Belknap,  from  Barre,  Vt.,  located  on  the  northeast  quarter  of 
Section  2,  90 — 5,  about  a  mile  west  of  the  post  office,  and  founded  the  town  of 
"Yankee  Settlement,"  now  called  Edgewood.  At  that  time,  there  was  but  one 
settler  in  that  vicinity,  on  the  Clayton  side,  John  Gibson,  who  settled  there 
about  1846. 

In  the  Spring  of  1849,  Mr.  Belknap  built  the  first  house  on  the  site  of  the 
future  village.  This  house  was  afterward  used  for  hotel  purposes.  Ii\  1852, 
Mr.  Belknap  built  and  opened  the  first  store,  and  erected  several  other  build- 
ings in  1853-4.  In  1854,  he  built  another  store,  on  the  Clayton  side,  removing 
thither,  selling  his  claim  on  this  side  to  Harrison  G-iflford: 

A  Congregational  Church  was  erected  in  1854,  in  which  Rev.  H.  N.  Gates 
first  officiated  as  Pastor,  succeeded  about  1857,  by  Rev.  A.  Graves.  Rev.  L. 
P.  Mathews  occupied  the  pulpit  in  1862.  No  regular  services  are  held  in  this 
house  now.  Rev.  Mr.  Amsden,  of  Manchester,  and  others,  preach  there  occa- 
sionally. 

The  school  house  was  built  in  1855-6.  The  first  hotel  was  kept  by  Joseph 
S.  Belknap,  about  1852. 

When  the  Davenport  &  St.  Paul  Railroad  was  built  to  and  through  the  little 
town,  which  is  mainly  in  Clayton  County,  the  name  was  changed  to  Edgewood, 
and  that  part  of  the  town  lying  in  Delaware  was  surveyed  and  platted  about 

1876. 

There  are  now  on  the  Delaware  side,  in  Edgewood,  a  hotel,  kept  by  Robert 
Fairweather ;  a  store,  kept  by  H.  F.  Beyer ;  a  school  house  and  a  church. 

The  main  portion  of  the  town  is  in  Clayton  County,  where  are  the  railroad 
station,  post  office,  several  stores,  Methodist  Church  and  a  fine  frame  school 
house. 


HAZEL  GREEN. 


Brad- 


In  the  Spring  of  1853,  Christopher  L.  Flint  settled  on  Section  11.     Bri 
ford  Crozier  and  James  Sheppard  settled  during  the  ^^'^^''''''''JTm.f 

Shellhammer  settled  about  one  and  three-fourth  miles  north  ot  ilint, 

and  some  others  came  in  about  the  same  time.  Q„„in„  of 

The  first  births  are  said  to  have  been  Sarah  Shellhammer,  in  the  Spring  o 
1853,  and  Matthew  Sheppard,  October  15  1853.  The  first  ----§«  -^^^^^^ 
of  Luther  P.  Flint  and  Beulah  Blanchard,  November,  1854.     The  first  death, 

Olverson  Barnes,  in  the  Summer  of  1859     Christopher  L.  Flint,  Postmaster. 

Post  office  established  June  18,  185b,  Ohristopner  n.  ri     , 
The  office  was  on  the  route  from  Delhi  to  Marion.     L.  P.  Flmt  was  the  first 
^ig^il  contractor. 


558  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

Mrs.  Edward  Pierce  taught  the  first  school,  in  her  own  house,  in  the  Winter 
of  1858-59.  The  first  school  house  was  built  in  District  No.  1,  in  the  Sum- 
mer of  1859. 

Chris.  L.  Flint  was  the  first  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  the  township.  In  1878, 
A.  R.  Dickey  basastoreof  general  merchandise  and  the  Hazel  Green  creamery. 
Mr.  Flint  still  resides  on  the  farm  where  he  first  settled,  and  now  owns  a  fine 
stock  farm  of  1,300  acres,  and  carries  about  400  head  of  cattle.  Mr.  Flint  says 
that  when  he  first  settled  there,  deer  and  wolves  were  very  numerous,  and  could 
be  seen  from  the  house  every  day.  He  used  $10  worth  of  strychnine  in  killing 
wolves  in  the  Winter  of  1853-54.  Mr.  Flint  says  that  the  second  day  after  he 
moved  into  his  shanty,  he  went  to  Eads'  Grove  after  a  land  warrant.  When  he 
reached  Nelson  Main's,  within  two  miles  of  home,  on  his  return,  it  was  dark, 
but  he  thought  he  could  find  his  way  home,  only  two  miles,  if  it  was  dark.  He 
started,  but  soon  became  bewildered  and  traveled  nearly  all  night  hunting  for 
home,  where  he  finally  arrived  about  3  o'clock  the  next  morning,  weary, 
hungry  and  wet,  for  he  had  forded  the  creek  several  times  during  the  night. 

Until  1857,  this  township  was  a  part  of  Union  Township,  but  March  2, 1857, 
Township  87,  Range  5,  was  established  as  a  political  township  by  the  County 
Court,  and  called  Hazel  Green.  The  Judge  issued  a  warrant  according  to  law, 
to  C.  L.  Flint,  Edmund  Barnes  and  Eri  Richardson,  to  call  the  first  meeting  and 
act  as  Judges  of  JElection.  At  this  election,  C.  L.  Flint  was  elected  Justice  of 
the  Peace. 

Mr.  Flint  is  one  of  the  Trustees  of  the  Iowa  College  for  the  Blind,  at 
Vinton. 

The  first  church  organization  in  Hazel  Green  was  the  Presbyterian  Church. 
It  was  first  organized  in  Milo,  but  was  immediately  moved  to  what  is  known  as 
"  Guthrie  school  house,"  where  the  first  sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper  was 
administered,  in  the  Summer  of  1864.  The  members  of  the  first  organization 
were  Thomas  Guthrie,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Guthrie,  Alexander  Wilson,  Mrs.  Jane 
Wilson,  John  McCullom,  Mrs.  Je^n  McCullora  and  John  Wilson.  This  organ- 
ization dissolved  May  1,  1871,  giving  place  to  the  present  Congregational 
society,  which  was  organized  about  the  same  time,  under  the  ministrations  of 
Rev.  Alvah  Day.  The  fine  church  building  now  occupied  by  this  society,  near 
the  Golden  Prairie  post  office,  was  built  in  1874—75,  and  dedicated  in  1875. 
The  present  Pastor  is  Rev.  E.  G.  Carpenter,  who  has  been  in  charge  some 
three  years. 

DELAWARE  CENTER. 

(Acersville.) 

The  town  of  Delaware  Center  was  laid  out  in  1853,  by  Dr.  Acers,  who  had 
entered  the  land  surrounding  in  1851,  and  settled  thereon  the  same  year. 
The  Maquoketa  here  flowed  over  a  rocky  bed,  gradually  narrowing  at  the  site 
of  the  present  Quaker  Mill  to  a  water  bed  about  six  rods  wide,  and  with  lime- 
stone banks  over  twenty  feet  high.  Here  Dr.  Acers  and  his  brother  Henry 
erected  a  saw-mill,  in  1852,  which  they  soon  after  leased  to  Henry  Ryan. 

In  1853,  Delaware  Township  was  established,  with  Delaware  Center  as 
polling  place,  and  the  post  oflSce  of  Delaware  Center  was  established  October, 
1,  1853. 

Edson  Merrill  settled  here  this  year,  opening  a  blacksmith  shop,  but  removed 
to  Burrington  in  1855. 


HISTORY  OP  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  559 

The  same  year  (1853),  a  school  house  was  begun,  and  completed  the  follow- 
ing year.  Before  the  building  was  completed,  some  time  in  the  Spring  of  1854, 
Rev.  B.  M.  Amsden  held  religious  services  therein.  Mr.  Amsden  savs  a  lot 
of  plank  for  temporary  seats  were  obtained  from  the  saw-mill.  Eld"er  John 
Martindale,  of  Elk  Township,  held  meetings  there  soon  after.  The  first  school 
taught  in  the  building  was  by  Mrs.  Riley. 

In  1854,  A.  R.  Loomis  started  a  dry  goods  store,  and  the  election  of  that 
year  was  held  therein.  Dr.  Acers  built  a  flouring-mill  the  same  year,  and  the 
indications  were  that  quite  a  town  would  spring  up.  But  the  golden  opportunity 
was  lost  when  Dr.  Acers  failed  to  make  satisfactory  arrangements  with  Judge 
Dyer,  in  1854,  and  compelled  the  latter  to  start  a  new  town  below.  He  did 
not  take  the  "  tide  at  its  flood,"  and  consequently  Delaware  Center  was  stranded, 
and  its  final  hope  was  lost  when,  in  1856,  the  railroad  was  definitely  located  at 
Manchester,  two  miles  below.  This,  and  the  removal  of  Mr.  Loomis  from  the 
town,  the  year  previous,  was  more  than  the  infant  town  could  bear.  It  quietly 
yielded  up  the  ghost,  and  now  exist/ only  in  the  pages  of  this  history  and  the 
memory  of  the  old  settlers. 

In  the  Spring  of  1854,  Dr.  Acers  ordered  his  hired  man  to  build  a  fire  in 
the  yard,  as  his  folks  were  "  ready  to  make  soap,"  but  the  order  was  not  obeyed. 
Returning  from  some  other  part  of  the  farm,  and  observing  that  no  fire  was 
built,  the  Doctor  started  one  himself.  In  some  way  the  fire  caught  the  house, 
and  it  was  burned  to  the  ground.  It  was  a  frame  structure,  and  is  said  to  have 
been  the  best  in  the  county.  Dr.  Acers  and  such  men  as  were  at  hand,  among 
them  H.  L.  Ryan,  worked  like  Trojans,  but  the  fire  burnt  too  fiercely  for  them. 
The  Dostor  went  into  the  cellar  and  secured  a  quantity  of  meat,  which  he  car- 
ried to  a  place  of  safety  ;  he  started  back  to  get  some  more,  but  was  prevented 
by  Ryan.  In  this  fire  was  destroyed  most  of  the  copies  of  the  book  which  Dr. 
Acers  had  written  some  years  before  to  prove  that  the  Bible  is  not  inspired. 
While  the  confiagration  was  at  its  height,  sparks  flew  across  the  river  and  set  fire 
to  the  brush,  destroying  thousands  of  saplings.  Dr.  Acers  rebuilt  his  resi- 
dence in  1861,  a  commodious  brick  structure  taking  the  place  of  the  one 
destroyed. 


PETERSBURG. 

{Bremen  Township.) 

A  small  village  situated  on  Section  4,  89-3  (Bremen).  The  first  store  and 
first  building  on  the  site  of  the  village  was  built  and  opened  by  Barney  Sassen, 
probably  about  1873.  The  post  office  was  established  March  7,  1874,  Barney 
Sassen,  Postmaster. 

The  Catholic  Church  building  was  commenced  under  the  pastorate  of  Rev. 
John  B.  Weikman ;  Building  Committee,  Adolf  Amenn,  H.  Bohnankamp, 
Clemens  Fraley  and  Theodore  Alldofi".  The  church  was  completed  in  1874. 
The  present  Pastor,  Rev.  S.  Maaspost,  assumed  the  care  of  the  church  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1874.  ,       J  <.  J 

The  Petersburg  Catholic  School  building  adjoins  the  church,  and  was  erected 
at  the  same  time  the  church  was  built.  It  employs  one  teacher,  and  at  the 
close  of  1877  reported  fifty  pupils  in  attendance.  The  present  teacher  is 
Theodore  AUdorf. 


560  HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY. 

BUSINESS    INTERESTS. 

The  present  business  interests  of  Petersburg  are  represented  as  follows: 
General  Merchandise,  Domyer  &  Sassen,  1875 ;  Rubly  &  Bro.,  1876.    Har- 
ness Maker,   Henry  Lanpman,    1876.     Blacksmith,   Joseph   Bleeker,   1876; 
Charles  Thorne,   1877.     Shoemaker,  Peter  Schmidt,   1875.     Wagon  Maker, 
Frank  Barnes,  1877 ;  H.  Hofer,  1877.     Millinery,  Bertha  E.  Myers,  1878. 

MILLHEIM. 

[Delaware   Township.) 

Millheim  was  surveyed  by  Mr.  R.  Stewart  July  21,  1858 ;  John  and  Maria 
Kaltenbach,  proprietors.  Its  legal  location  is  on  the  southeast  quarter  of  the 
northeast  quarter  of  Section  3,  Township  89,  Range  5  (Delaware).  Mr.  Kal- 
tenbach gave  the  i^ew  town  the  name  of  his  birth-place  in  Baden,  Germany. 
Mr.  K.  built  a  saw-mill  in  1853,  on  Honey  Creek,  which  flows  through  the 
town  site.  Mr.  Sherman  built  the  first  house  in  the  place,  keeping  grocery  for 
a  while,  but  left  in  1858.  Mr.  Kaltenbach  built  a  flouring-mill  in  1864,  but 
owing  to  the  want  of  means  was  unable  to  get  a  water  wheel  of  sufficient  power 
for  his  business.  The  mill  would  only  grind  about  four  bushels  an  hour,  but 
Mr.  Kaltenbach  says  the  yield  of  flonr  was  greater  to  the  bushel  than  at  neigh- 
boring mills.  He  disposed  of  the  mill  to  a  Mr.  Olmstead,  who  sold  it  to  Mr. 
Clugston.  It  is  now  owned  by  T.  Holmes.  A  log  church  building  was  erected 
at  Millheim  by  the  citizens  of  that  vicinity  in  1868,  in  which  meetings  were 
held  by  Rev.  Mr.  Jenkins,  of  Manchester,  and  Rev.  Mr.  Long  of  Pennsylvania, 
the  latter  a  Presbyterian.  Rev.  Mr.  Whiting,  of  Manchester,  holds  services  at 
Millheim,  occasionally,  the  present  Spring.  A  glove  and  mitten  factory,  with  a 
tannery  in  connection,  was  started  by  Chester  Burgess  six  years  ago,  but  the 
business  did  not  prove  remunerative,  and  he  gave  it  up  three  years  after. 


YORK. 

{Honey  Greek  Township.) 

This  little  antiquated  and  almost  defunct  town  is  situated  on  Section  9, 
90 — 5,  two  or  three  miles  southwest  of  Yankee  Settlement  or  Edgewood.  In 
1854  or  1855,  George  W.  Stewart  built  the  first  house  and  settled  there.  It 
was  then  in  York  Township,  which  was  then  the  north  half  of  90 — 5.  In 
1865,  he  opened  a  store  in  a  part  of  his  house ;  and  in  December  of  that  year, 
the  post  office  of  York  was  established,  Mr.  Stewart  being  appointed  Postmas- 
ter.    He  also  kept  tavern. 

In  1857,  Mr.  Stewart  laid  out  a  small  town  and  called  it  "  York,"  which  is 
the  subject  of  this  brief  sketch.  At  one  time  there  were  two  or  three  stores 
there,  and  hopes  were  entertained  that  the  infant  town  might  live  and  thrive. 
But  when  the  Davenport  &  St.  Paul  Railroad  was  completed,  the  sun  of  York 
set  forever.  The  post  office  was  discontinued  in  1875 ;  and  now,  only  one  little 
store,  kept  by  Mrs.  W.  R.  Stewart,  remains  to  mark  the  spot  where  the  town 
was  located.  In  1873,  a  school  house  was  built  near  the  northwest  corner  of 
Section  9. 


HISTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY.  561 


ELK  TOWNSHIP. 


The  first  election  in  Elk  Township,  of  which  record  remains,  was  held  at 
the  Corell  school  house  in  1853,  when  James  H.  Roe,  Job  Odell  and  John  Cor- 
ell  were  elected  Trustees ;  H.  Davis,  Clerk ;  Silas  N.  Talcott  and  Benjamin 
Lakin,  Justices  of  the  Peace ;  Job  Odell,  Assessor ;  Henry  Mellen,  Road  Super- 
visor ;  Elias  Hutton,  Constable. 


BREMEN  TOWNSHIP. 

The  first  election  in  Bremen  Township  was  held  at  the  house  of  Franz 
Shultz,  May  3,  1858.  The  ofiicers  elected  were  Francis  Rubly,  Justice  of  the 
Peace;  Clemens  Bockenstedt,  Clerk;  Joseph  Lechtenberg,  Anthony  Lippert, 
August  Wander,  Trustees;  Franz  Shultz,  Assessor. 


TOO  LATE  FOR  INSERTION  IN  PROPER  PLACE. 

MANCHESTER. 

The  first  Temperance  Society  in  Manchester  was  organized  in  1856,  with 
thirty  members.     Dr.  Robbins,  Secretary. 

The  first  Aid  Society  of  the  M.  E.  Church  was  organized  August  24,  1863, 
at  the  house  of  Mr.  H.  Houghton.  Officers  elected  as  follows :  President,  Mrs. 
A.  G.  Bailey;  Vice  President,  Mrs.  E.  E.  Jeffries;  Managers,  Mrs.  M.  G. 
Houghton,  Mrs.  H.  Freelove ;  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  Sarah  J.  Nethaway. 


(TS^i^ 


JNO.  STEWART  A  OO.'S  CENTENNIAL  MEDAL.     AWARDED  FOK  BEST  BUTTER. 


MANCHESTER 


BIOGBAPHIOAL  DIRECTORY. 


-A-bbre:^i^tioi^s. 


agt agent 

carp carpenter 

elk clerk 

Co company  or  county 

dlr dealer 

far farmer 

gro ^ groc6r 

I.  T.  A Iowa  Voluiiteer  Artillery 

I.  V.  0 Iowa  Volunteer  Cavalry 

I,  V.  I Iowa  Volunteer  Infantry 

lab laborer 


mach j^ machiniBt 

mech mechanic 

mer merchant 

mfr manufacturer 

mkr maker 

P.  0 Post  Office 

prop proprietor 

S.  or  Sec Section 

flt street 

supt superintendent 

Treaa Treasurer 


DELAWARE    TOWNSHIP. 

(P.   0.  MANCBESTEB.) 


A    BBOTT  A.  J.  cooper. 

Abbott  Geo.  W.  laborer. 

ABBOTT  JAREI>  T.  Dentist, 
Franklin  street;  was  born  in  Homer, 
Cortland  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  2,  1824;  when 
five  years  old  his  parents  moved  to  On- 
ondaga Co.,  where  he  resided  28  years, 
and  where  he  married  Frances  L.  Par- 
melee  Jan.  24,  1850,  who  was  born 
in  New  Berlin,  Chenango  Co.,  N.  Y. ; 
they  moved  to  Dayton,  Ohio,  and  two 
years  thereafter  went  to  Virginia,  resid- 
ing eight  years,  returning  to  Onondaga 
Co.,  N.  Y. ;  Mr.  Abbott  enlisted  as  Cap- 
tain of  Company  I,  185th  N.  Y.  V.  I., 
and  was  breveted  Major;  emigrated  to 
Iowa  in  Fall  of  1865,  settling  in  Fort 
Dodge;  went  to  New  York  City,  but 
after  eighteen  months  returned  to  this 
city. 

Abbott  W.  G-.  barber. 

ACEBS  GEOBG-E,  Farmer,  Sec. 
17  ;  born  in  Warren,  Herkimer  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  April  23,  1818 ;  married  Charlotte 
Scott  April  23,  1848,  who  was  born  in 
Duanesburg,  Schenectady  Co.,  N.  Y., 
July  6, 1828  ;  after  marriage  they  moved 
to  Milford,  Otsego  Co.,  N.  Y.,  from 
which  place  they  emigrated  to  this 
county,  arriving  on  June  7,  1850,  set- 
tling in  Manchester  ;  in  Oct.,  1853,  they 


moved  on  their  present  farm  of  280 
acres ;  they  are  old  pioneer  settlers  of 
this  county,  and  to  whom  its  historians 
are  indebted  for  valuable  facts. 

ACEBS  HEWBY,  Farmer  and  Capi- 
talist ;  was  born  in  Herkimer  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  on  March  21,  1816 ;  he  moved  to 
Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1837 ;  married 
Margaret  N.  Patterson  on  April  22, 
1841  ;  she  was  born  in  Orange  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  June  18,  1820 ;  immigrated  to 
Jackson  Co.,  Mich.,  and  after  four  years 
residence  they  came  to  this  Co.,  arriving 
in  June,  1850  ;  Louisa  Jane,  Wm.  H., 
Wilson,  George  S.  are  their  children. 

ADAMS  IBA  P.  of  the  firm  of 
Adams  Bros.,  Dealers  in  Hardware, 
Franklin  St. ;  was  born  in  Essex  Co., 
Vt.,  July  1,  1832;  when  about  seven 
years  old  he  moved  with  his  parents  to 
Windsor  Co.,  Vt.,  and  in  1851  he  went 
to  Troy,  N.  Y.,  and  after  six  years  resi- 
dence he  emigrated  to  this  Co.,  arriving 
in  Jan.,  1857,  and  under  the  firm  name 
of  Adams  &  Butler,  opened  the  first 
hardware  store  in  this  city;  married 
Gracia  Estabrook  Jan.  5, 1858  ;  she  was 
born  in  Essex  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  5, 1830. 

Abbott  J.  T.  Dentist. 

ADAMS  LUCIUS  W.  of  the  firm 
of  Adams  Bros.,  Dealers  in  Hardware  ; 
Franklin  st. ;  was  born  in  Windsor  Co., 
1 


566 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


Vt.,  Dec.  30,  1837  ;  came  to  Dubuque 
Co.,  Iowa,  with  his  parents  when  fifteen 
years  old ;  came  to  this  Co.  in  the 
Spring  of  1860,  first  settling  in  Prairie 
Township  ;  married  Celestia  A.  Benton 
Dec.  5,  1861,  who  was  bom  in  Friend- 
ship, Allegany  Co.,  N.  Y.,May  7, 1844  ; 
they  came  to  Manchester  in  the  Spring 
of  1862 ;  he  was  employed  by  his 
brother  until  the  Spring  of  1865,  when 
he  became  one  of  the  partners. 

ADAMS  TRUMBriili,  Retired 
Farmer,  was  born  in  the  town  of  Cav- 
endish, Windsor  County,  Vt.,  April  13, 
1805;  in  April,  1826,  went  to  New  York 
State,  where  he  worked  eight  months, 
aod  returned  to  Vermont ;  in  April, 
1827,  he  moved  to  the  city  of  New 
York,  remaining  three  years  and  three 
months,  and  again  returned  to  Vermont 
Jan.  5, 1831.  Married  Cynthia  Tarbell 
who  was  born  in  Cavendish,  Windsor 
Co.,  Vt.,»July  10,  1809.  Emigrated  to 
Dubuque  Co.,  Iowa,  returning  to  Ver- 
mont in  November,  1855  ;  April,  1856, 
returned  to  Dubuque  Co.,  Iowa,  and  in 
November,  1867,  went  to  N.  Y.,  remain- 
ing until  April,  1869,  and  then  came  to 
Manchester,  Iowa;  and  has  resided  in 
this  city  and  Prairie  Township,  with  the 
exception  of  six  months  spent  in  Ver- 
mont in  1873. 

Adams  W.  T.  hardware. 

Atkinson  Z.  L.  blacksmith. 

Allen  Enoch,  retired. 

Allen  Lemuel,  drayman. 

Allen  0.  B.  farmer,  Sec.  11. 

Allen  R.  farmer.  Sec.  3. 

Ames  W.  A.  dentist. 

AMSDEiy  BEXJAMISf  M. 
Congregationalist  Minister  ;  was  born  in 
Westfield,  Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Dec. 
18,  1818  ;  resided  in  his  native  county 
until  about  1840,  when  he  entered  the 
Western,  Reserve  College,  in  Ohio,  and 
after  three  years'  attendance  he  went  to 
Williams  College,  where  he  graduated 
in  1846  ;  after  visiting  New  Orleans,  he 
went  to  New  Iberia,  engaging  as  tutor 
in  a  planter's  family ;  returning  to  his 
native  county  he  taught  school,  after 
which  he  attended  the  Thejlogical  Sem- 
inary at  Oberlin,  0.,  where  he  gradu- 
ated, and  went  to  Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y., 
laboring  in  the  ministry  three  years ; 
emigrated  to  Belvidere,  Boone  Co.,  111., 


and  in  March,  1854,  came  to  this  coun- 
ty, where  he  bought  40  acres  of  land, 
where  a  portion  of  Manchester  now 
stands.  Although  he  returned  to  Boone 
County,  where  he  lived  for  a  few  years- 
before  permanently  settling  here,  he  was 
so  often  here  and  so  closely  allied  to  her 
interests,  that  this  county  was  virtually 
his  home  from  the  above  date.  In  Belvi- 
dere, Boone  Co.,  111.,  he  married  Reliance 
Avery,  Dec.  4,  1855,  who  was  born  in 
Susquehanna  Co.,  Pa.,  March  18,  1832. 

Amsden  Charles,  butter  buyer. 

Andrews  J.  B.  carpenter. 

AUCUTT  BABIVARD,  Farmer, 
Sec.  6 ;  was  born  in  Oneida  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  April  22,  1846  ;  came  from  native 
county  to  this,  settling  in  Honey  Creek 
Township.  Married  Nancy  J.  Hurd 
Sept.  26,  1868  ;  she  was  born  in  Jefier- 
son  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  27, 1845. 

Aucutt  E.  W.  laborer. 

Andrews  Joseph. 

Andrews  Lyman,  mason. 

Andrews  Nathaniel,  laborer. 

Annis  W.  W.  farmer,  Sec.  8. 

Atwater  P.  J.  druggist. 

AYERS  Ij.  li.  Born  at  Triadelphia, 
Morgan  Co.,  Ohio,  July  25,  1842 ;  re- 
moved with  his  parents  in  the  Fall  of 
1854  to  Hobart,  Ind.,  and  in  March, 
1855,  settled  near  Viroqua,  Wis.,  at 
which  town  he  began  the  printer's  trade. 
Removed  to  Coffin's  Groye,  Delaware 
Co.,  in  1861  ;  taught  school  three  terms, 
and  finished  the  printer's  trade  at  Man- 
chester ;  worked  at  Dufeuque,  in  1866, 
purchased  the  Elkader  Journal  in  the 
Fall  of  that  year,  and  sold  it  in  a  few 
weeks  ;  took  charge  of  Delaware  County 
Union  in  January,  1867,  which  he  pub- 
lished till  November,  1872 ;  married 
Mrs.  A.  R.  Burnside  Jan.  1,  1868. 
Worked  as  compositor  in  Des  Moines 
from  March,  1873  to  March,  1874^ 
mainly  instrumental  in  establishing  the 
Manchester  Democrat  in  1875,  which 
he  edited  until  May,  1 878,  from  which 
position  he  has  just  retired.  Has  two 
daughters  by  brevet. 
"  ABCOCK  R.  A.  billiard  hall. 


B^ 


Bailey  E.  F.  clerk. 

BAILEY  JOEL  HOX.  Proba. 
bly  the  oldest  settler  now  living  in  Del- 
aware County,  and  who  for  forty  years 


DELAWARE  TOWNSHIP. 


66T 


has    been    closely    identified    with    its 
growth,  development  and  present  pros- 
perity, is  a  native  of  Middlefield,  Otsego 
County,  New  York  ;  he  was  born  Jan. 
6th,   1814,  and   is    consequently    now 
61  years  of  age.     By  the  death  of  his 
last  surviving   parent   he   was  left  Nan 
orphan    at    the  age  pf   9  years;    five 
'  years  later  when  in    his  15th  year,  he 
went    to    live  with  an  older   brother, 
who  taught  him  the  trade  of  making 
gun  barrels;   about  this  time  he  had 
an    opportunity    of    studying    survey- 
ing,  which   he    gladly   embraced,  thus 
early  securing  a  thorough  knowledge  of 
this  valuable  profession,  which  has  been 
of  great  service  to  him  through  life ;  in 
the  Fall  of  1835,  he  left  the  scenes  of 
his  childhood's   joys   and  sorrows,  the 
dingy,  smoky  shop,  where  with  black- 
ened hands  he  had  toiled  many  a  weary 
hour,  and   traveling  toward  the  sunset, 
landed  in  Milwaukee,  when  that  now 
flourishing  city  was  scarcely  a  respecta- 
ble hamlet,  and  boarded  through  the 
Winter  at  the  first  hotel,  which  was  in 
the  first  frame  house  built  in  that  place, 
and  was  kept  by  a  half-breed  and  his 
squaw  wife  ;  in  the  Spring  of  1836,  he 
attached  himself  to  a  party  of  Govern- 
ment engineers,  and  spent  six  months 
surveying  on  Rock  River  without  seeing 
a  single  cabin,    white   settler  or  other 
signs  of  civilization.     In  the  Spring  of 
1837,  he  came  to  Iowa  with  a  party  of 
Government  engineers,  and  assisted  in 
surveying  the  south  half  of  Delaware 
County,    and   parts    of  Dubuque   and 
Buchanan,  and  in  Jan.,  1838,  returned 
to  Milwaukee.     The  following  Spring, 
in  company  with  John  and  Cyrus  Keeler, 
who  were  from  Delaware  Co.,  New  York, 
he  returned  to  Delaware  Co.,  la.,  where 
they  made  claims  and  built  a  cabin  on  the 
banks  of  the  South  Fork  of  the  Maquo- 
keta  River,  at  what  is  now  known  as 
Bailey's  Ford.    They  "  bached  it,"  as  it 
was  then  called,  and  broke  some  twenty 
acres  of  prairie  ;  the  first  breaking  of  any 
considerable  amount  at  that  time  done  if 
the  county.  Their  only  neighbor  withiii 
ten  miles    was  J.   W.  Penn'  who  had 
made  a  claim  !=iome  four  or  five  miles 
east  of  them.     Judge  Bailey  was  active 
in  the  organization  of  Delaware  County ; 
was  one  of  the  committee  who  selected 


the  location  for  the  county  seat,  and  the 
present  town  of  Delhi,  and  was  the  first 
County  Surveyor,  which  position  he  has 
repeatedly  filled.     In  April,  1844  Jie 
married  Miss  Arabella  Coffin,  daughter 
of  Judge    Clement   Coflin,  of  Coffin's 
Grove.     This  union  was  blessed  with 
several  children,  their  eldest,  Clement 
James,  being  the  first  white  child  born 
in  Milo  Township.      In  1849,  he  was 
employed  in  the  Government  survey  on 
the  Shellrock  and  Cedar  Rivers  in  Iowa 
Becoming  infected  with  the   California 
fever  in   1850,   he  made   the  overland 
trip  with  a  four  horse  team  from  Council 
Blufis  to  the  coast  in  seventy-five  days. 
He  remained   in   California  about  one 
year    and    experienced   the    pleasures, 
privations   and   various  vicissitudes   of 
changing  fortune,  which  were  the  com- 
mon experience  of  all  who  in  those  early 
days  visited  that  fabulous  land  of  gold. 
He  returned  to  Iowa  in  1851,  by  the 
wayof  Panama,  Kingston  and  New  York. 
The   next  year  he   was  elected  School 
Fund  Commissioner  for  Delaware  Co., 
and  during  his  term  of  office  sold  most  of 
the  school  lands  in  the  county.     In  the 
Summer  of  1854,  he  was  engaged  in  the 
Government  survey  on  Root  and  Canon 
Rivers  in  Minnesota,  and  in  1855,  in  the 
northern  part  of  Wisconsin  on  the  head 
waters  of  the  Chippewa  River.    That  same 
Spring,  he  was  commissioned  Postmaster 
at  Bailey's  Ford,  then  a  stopping  place  on 
the  stage  line  from  Dubuque  to  Independ- 
ence.'  Since  then  he  has  held  the  office  of 
County  Treasurer,  Recorder  and  County 
Judge,  and  has  been  twice  elected  Mayor 
of  Manchester  where   he   now  resides. 
Judge   Bailey   is  one   of  those  genial, 
warm-hearted  men   who  are  loved  and 
respected  by  all  who  know  them  inti- 
mately and  well.  Two-thirds  of  his  some- 
what eventful  life  has  been  spent  here, 
and  could  a  more  extended  and  minute 
account  of  his  life-struggle  be  written, 
it  would  reveal  many  interesting  inci- 
dents  and  a  pretty  accurate   history  of 
the  progress  and  growth  of  the  county 
which  has  so  long  been  his  home,  and 
where  he  has  freely  given  the  vigorous 
strength  of  his  youthful  manhood  and 
the  more  matured  wisdom  of  advanced 
years  in   accelerating   its  development 
and  securing  its  future  prosperity. 


568 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


Baldwin  D.  W. 

B  AliliARD  D.  P.  Dealer  in  Horses 
and  Retired  Farmer;  'was  born  in 
Collins,  Erie  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  22,  1826  ; 
at  11  years  old,  went  to  Cattaraugus 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  and  from  there  to  DuPage 
Co.,  111.,  in  1855;  in  June  of  the  fol- 
lowing year,  he  caime  to  this  county, 
settling  in  Honey  Creek,  and  to  this  city 
in  Sept.  1870;  married  Jan.  1,  1850, 
Mary  Lines,"  who  was  born  in  Booneville, 
Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.,  May  3,  1822,  at  the 
age  of  12,  moved  'to  the  town  of  New 
Albion,  Cattaraugus  Co.,  N.  Y.,  with 
her  parents. 

Barnd  A.  renter,  Sec.  9. 

Barnerd  B.  S.  renter.  Sec.  19. 

Barr  E.  F.  farmer.  Sec.  20. 

Bates  Alex,  blacksmith. 

Bates  H.  L.  blacksmith. 

Beardsley  A.  L.  agricultural  implements. 

BEIiKNAP  JOSEPH  S.  Mer 
chant  and  President  Delaware  County 
Bank;  was  born  in  Washington  Co., 
Vt.,  Oct.,  10,  1818  ;  at  the  age  of  18, 
he  went  to  Uxbridge,  Mass.,  commenc- 
ing life  by  working  by  the  month ;  the 
same  Fall  he  went  to  Wethersfield,  Vt., 
and  then  to  Springfield,  Vt.,  and  to 
New  York  City  ;  going  South,  he  re- 
sided a  short  time  in  New  Orleans,  Mo- 
bile and  St.  Louis,  and  in  May,  1840, 
he  settled  in  Belvidere,  Boone  Co.,  111. ; 
he  came  to  this  county,  first  taking  up 
a  claim  in  Yankee  Settlement  (now 
Edgewood)  ;  in  1862,  he  came  to  this 
city.  Married,  in  Boone  Co.,  Mariah  E. 
Gibson,  Oct.  21, 1845  ;  she  was  born  in 
Canada  West  Aug.  31,  1824. 

Belknap  J.  L.  merchant. 

BETHELIi  FRANCIS  (Toogood 
&  Bethell,  Proprietors  of  Clarence 
House)  ;  bom  April  3,  1827,  in  Wed- 
more,  Somersetshire,  England ;  remained 
at  home  until  the  year  1850,  when 
he  came  to  America,  and  to  Dyersville, 
Dubuque  County,  Iowa,  where  he  re- 
mained until  the  Spring  of  1854,  when 
he  went  to  Baldwinsville,  N.  Y.,  near 
Syracuse;  returned  to  Dyersville  in 
July  of  same  year ;  visited  the  present 
site  of  Manchester  with  Judge  James 
Dyer  in  December,  1854,  and  when 
Main  and  Franklin  streets  were  laid  out 
at  that  time  he  selected  two  lots  in  the 
Northwest  angle  of  these  streets,  paying 


$25  for  one  and  receiving  the  gift  of  the 
other,  on  condition  of  building  a   hotel 
thereon  ;  returned  to  Dyersville  Jan.  1, 
1855,  where  he  met  Thomas   Toogood, 
just   arrived    from    New     York,    with 
whom,  in  March  following,  returned  to 
Burrington    and    commenced    building 
the  Clarence  House  on  the  lots  selected, 
completing  a  part   during  that  Summer 
and  burlding  an  addition  the  following 
year ;  has  been  a   member   of  the  firm 
of   Toogood  &   Bethell,  proprietors  of 
the  Clarence  House,  from  that  date  to 
the   present;    the  house:  was   replaced 
with  the  present  fine  brick  building  in 
1875  ;  married  at  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  July 
10,    1854,   to     Miss     Jane    Toogood, 
daughter  of  James  and  Jennie  (Wilcox) 
Toogood,    born  near    Wells,  England, 
March  24,  1826  ;  two  children— oldest, 
born  in  1855,  lived  only  24  hours  ;  Min- 
nie, born  Dec.   12,  1858,  died  Novem- 
ber,  1864. 
Billings  Albert,  laborer. 
BLAIR    AMOS    S.    Attorney    at 
Law;     office    over     Delaware    County 
Bank,    Franklin   street ;    was   born   in 
Perry,    Genesee    Co.    (now    Wyoming 
Co.),    N.  Y.,     on    Aug.     24,     1831; 
his  parents  moved  to  Lorain  Co.,  Ohio, 
in  1835,  and  then  to  Huron  Co.,  Ohio. 
At  a  session  of  the  Supreme  Court  held 
in   Perrysburg,   Wood    Co.,  Ohio,  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  fidmitted  to 
.he  bar.     In  the  Spring  of  1854  emi- 
grated  to   McGregor,   Iowa,  in   Aug., 
1856,  and  in  May  of  the  following  year 
he  returned  to  Ohio,  where  he  married 
Laura  Bloomer,  on  May  5,  1857 ;  she 
was  born  in  Sherman,  Huron  Co.,  Ohio, 
Aug,  20,    1836;    in   May  1857,  they 
moved  to  Prairie  du  Chien,  Wis.,  resid- 
ing until  they  came  to  this  county,  which 
was  on  Oct.  16,  1858. 
BLAKE   AliSON   H.   General 
Commission    Merchant,    Purchaser    of 
Butter     and     Eggs ;      was     born    in 
Milton,   Chittenden   County,  Vermont, 
October    14,    1840 ;    married    Frankie 
Granger,  Sept.  21,  1865 ;  she  was  born 
in  Milton,  Chittenden   Co.,  Vt.,  July 
13,   1844,;   in   Feb.,   1867,  they  emi- 
grated   to    Volga    City,    Clayton    Co., 
Iowa,  where  he  was  engaged  in  mercan- 
tile trade,  and  at  which  place  he  owna 
and  controls  a  general  store ;  in  1875, 


DELAWARE  TOWNSHIP. 


569 


he  came  to  this  city,  and  in  July,  1876, 
commenced  his  present  business ;  does 
a  business  in  this  city  of  $140,000.00 
per  year ;  bought  and  shipped  four  car 
loads  of  butter  in .  ten  days  in  June, 
1877  ;  in  August  and  September,  same 
year,  bought  and  shipped  to  New  York 
50,000  dozen  eggs. 

Blake  C.  A.  retired  merchant. 

BliAWCHARD  URI  C.  S-armer, 
Sec.  1,  P.  0.  Greeley ;  born  in  Onondaga 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  April  26,  1814  ;  emigrated 
to  Perry  Co.,  Ind.,  with  parents  in  1816, 
where  he  resided  until  became  to  this  Co. 
in  April,  1846,  and  where  he  married 
Martha  Hutson  Feb.  3,  1854,  who  was 
born  in  Parke  Co.,  Ind.,  May  22,  1834. 

Blodgett  James,  laborer. 

Bloodhurst  Sylvanus,  laborer. 

Bless  Clarence,  furniture  finisher. 

Bloss  M.  F.  finisher. 

Bloss  W.  H.  laborer. 

Boardman  J.  R.  laborer. 

BOYIifTOW  WM.  Si.  Jeweler  and 
Dealer  in  Watches,  Clocks  and  Musical 
Instruments,  Main  street ;  was  born  in 
Stephenson   Co.,  111.,  April  23,  1842 
married  Julia  Gaylord  Feb.  16,  1870 
she  was  born  in  Winnebago  Co.,  111. 
moved  to  Galena,  III,  residing  there  four 
years ;    came  to  this   county  Feb.   22, 
1859,  where  he  has  been  engaged  in  his 
present  business. 

BRADIiEY  CHARLES  C,  M. 
D.  of  the  firm  of  Bradley  &  Sherman, 
office  on  Franklin  street,  was  born  in 
Allegany  County,  N.  Y.,  May  5,  1842 ; 
enlisted  in  the  136th,  N.  Y.  V.  I.,  serv- 
ing until  the  close  of  the  war.  Com- 
menced the  study  of  medicine  in  Rush- 
ford,  Allegany  Co.,  N.  Y.,  1860,  and 
entered  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  Col- 
lege, N.  Y.,  Sept.  1,  1865  ;  graduated 
Feb.  27, 1867.  He  married  Cornelia  L. 
Merritt  Sept.  4, 1866  ;  she  was  born  in 
Angelica,  Allegany  County,  N.  Y., 
August  23,  1842.  Came  to  this 
county  June  20,  1867,  settling  in  this 
city. 

Brady  Charles,  laborer. 

Brazell  Charles. 

Bremner  Wm.  Sr.  farmer. 

Bremner  Wm.  Jr.  laborer. 

Briggs  Thomas,  laborer. 

BROXSOKf  CHAS.  E,  HOW. 
Manchester,  whose  portrait  appears  in 


this  work,  was  born  in  Lee  '  Center, 
Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  21,  1841,  his 
parents  being  early  settlers  of  that 
county.  In  October,  1 855,  they  moved 
to  Iowa  City,  Iowa,  their  son  Charles 
coming  with  them;  while  there,  he 
attended  school  until  the  age  of  20  ;  in 
the  Spring  of  1864,  he  went  to  Chicago, 
and  after  pursuing  a  course  of  study  in 
Bryant  &  Stratton's  Commercial  Col- 
lege, graduated  from  that  institution  in 
the  Fall  of  the  same  year ;  he  then  re- 
turned to  Iowa  City,  and  studied  law  in 
the  office  of  Fairall  &  Boal,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1866 ;  immedi- 
ately after  he  came  to  Manchester, 
where  he  has  practiced  his  profession 
ever  since,  having  acquired  a  large  and 
lucrative  practice.  In  the  Fall  of  1877, 
he  was  elected  on  the  Democratic  ticket 
to  the  Senate  of  Iowa,  to  fill  a  vacancy, 
for  the  term  of  two  years ;  he  was  ap- 
pointed one  of  the  Senate  Committee  to 
investigate  matters  connected  with  the 
Iowa  Penitentiary.  Married  Miss  Jen- 
nie E.  Sheldon,  at  Earlville,  June  29, 
1868;  she  was  born  in  Cuyahoga  Co., 
Ohio,  in  December,  1848;  they  have 
five  children,  all  boys — Earl,  Wirt,  Lee, 
Byron  and  Henry. 

Bronson  C.  H.  lecturer. 

BROIVSOX  CLARK  M.  Dealer 
in  Singer  Sewing  Machines  and  Musical 
Instruments,  was  born  in  Oneida  Co., 
N.  Y.,  June  17,  1817.  Married  Abby 
Cornish  Oct.  14,  1840  ;  she  was  born  in 
Oneida  County,  N.  Y.,  July  14,  1817. 
Moved  in  1849,  to  Cuba,  Allegany  Co., 
N.  Y.,  and  after  three  years  residence 
went  to  Camden,  Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.;  in 
1854  they  went  to  Worcester  Co.,  Mass.; 
emigrated  to  Iowa  in  1855,  settling  in 
Iowa  City,  and  May  20,  1865,  came  to 
this  city,  where  he  has  been  engaged  in 
his  present  business. 

Brook  G.  E.  hotel. 

Brook  Richard,  hotel. 

BROOKS  R.  L.  Farmer,  Sec.  34 ; 
was  born  in  Otsego  Co.,  N.,  Y.,  in  1837, 
and  lived  there  until  1852,  then  moved 
to  Michigan,  where  he  remained  five 
years,  and  then  came  to  this  county  ; 
married  Lodiska  C.  Holcomb,  of  Pa., 
in  1861 ;  owns  76  acres  of  land;  Re- 
publican ;   Congregational. 

Brown  Henry,  farmef.  Sec.  10. 


570 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY; 


Brown  Peter,  laborer. 

Brown  Seth,  boots  and  shoes. 

BROWSf  WllililS  B.  Drugs, 
Stationery  and  Bookseller,  Franklin 
street ;  was  born  in  Kane  Co.,  111., 
Sept.  4,  1842  ;  he  came  from  Kane  Co., 
to  this  in  Aug.  1855,  settling  in  Eich- 
Jand  Township;  came  to   this   city  in 

1860,  when  he  enlisted  in  the  21st  I.  V. 
I.,  in  May  1862,  and  was  honorably  dis- 
charged in  July,  1865.  Married  T.  E. 
Warner  May  16,  1866,  who  was  born  in 
Eichmondville,  Schoharie  Co.,  N.  Y., 
Sept.  25,  1845 ;  Mr.  Brown  has  been 
one  of  the  City  Councilmen  for  the  past 
five  years. 

Brownell  George,  agent  meat  market. 

Brownell  H.  W.  farmer. 

Bryne  Morris,  farmer. 

BUCKLEY  <i}EOR<iE  K.  Dealer 
in  Lumber,  Lath,  Shingles,  Doors,  Sash, 
Blinds  and  Coal ;  office  and  yard  near 
I.  C.  R.  R.  depot ;  born  in  Friendship, 
Allegany  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  4,  1824; 
in  1857,  he  went  to  Pa.,  where  he 
learned  the  millwright  trade,  after  which, 
in  the  Fall  of  1859,  he  emigrated  to 
Pike  Co.,  111.,  where  he  was  engaged 
in  bridge  building;  in  1850  he  went  to 
the  Chippewa  River,  Wis.,  but  after  three 
years  returned  to  N.  Y. ;  returning  to 
the  West  he  went  to  Minn.,  engaging 
in  the  lumber  trade,  and  where  he  mar- 
ried Elizabeth  J.  Kelley,  Oct.  9,  1856 ; 
she  was  born  in  N.   H.,  in  1825 ;  in 

1861,  Mr.  Buckley  enlisted  in  the  6th 
Minn.  V.  I.,  and  participated  in  the 
Fort  Snelling  massacre ;  he  was  dis- 
charged and  went  to  Winona,  Minn., 
and  in  1863  entered  the  Quartermaster's 
Department  at  Chattanooga,  but  was 
soon  appointed  to  superintend  the  build- 
ing of  the  bridge  at  this  point ;  he  sub- 
sequently went  to  Atlanta,  Ga.,  and 
Nashville,  Tenn. ;  in  1865,  he  came  to 
St.  Louis ;  Mr.  B.  came  to  this  State, 
first  settling  in   Dubuque,  Oct.,  1867, 

'  became  to  this  Co.,  settling  in  this  city. 
Buller  J.  M.,  hardware. 
Burdict  R.  R. 

Burgess  Wm.  laborer,  Sec.  3. 
Burnett  H.  A.  carriage  trimmer. 
Burnett  J.  M.  tinner. 
Burnside  Chas.  merchant. 
Burrington  D wight,  laborer. 
Bur  ington  John  H.  retired  farmer. 


Burrington  Vernon,  laborer. 

Bushnell  J.  0.  farmer.  Sec.  14. 

Buhler  Max.  clothier. 

BUTIiER  IRA  U.  Dealer  in  Hard- 
ware, Main  street,  was  born  in  Owe- 
go,  Tioga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  April  25,  1832  ; 
moved  with  parents  when  quite  young 
to  Erie,  Pa.,  where*  he 'resided  about 
five  years,  after  which  he  went  to  West 
Springfield,  Pa.,  and  in  1847,  he  emi- 
grated to  Conneaut,  0.  In  1850,  he 
went  to  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  and  in  1853 
went  to  Norwalk,  Ohio ;  after  moving 
to  Chicago  and  Dubuque,  la.,  he  came 
to  this  county,  arriving  June  17,  1857, 
settling  in  this  city.  He  married  Hattie 
M.  Lowell,  in  August,  1859,  who  was 
born  in  Ontario  County,  N.  Y.,  March 
19,  1840. 

/^ARKEEK  T.  T.  carp,  and  builder. 

CARR  EDWISr  M.  Attorney  at 
Law,  City  Hall  Block,  Franklin  street, 
was  born  in  Cattaraugus  Co.,  N.  Y., 
June  28, 1850  ;  emigrated  to  this  coun- 
ty from  native  county  in  August,  1857  ; 
attended  State  University  of  Iowa,  at 
Iowa  City  ;  graduated  in  the  law  de- 
partment June  25,  1872,  at  which  time 
he  was  admittad  to  the  Bar.  Came  to 
this  city  in  April,  1872,  and  married  " 
Oct.  18, 1873,  Emma  C.  Preussner,  who 
was  born  in  Chicago  Sept.  5,  1852. 
Edward  and  Hubert  are  their  children. 

Carroll  M.  J.  bookkeeper. 

Carey  F.  F.  clerk. 

Carpenter  C.  H.  capitalist. 

Carter  A.  C.  painter. 

Casterline  H.  H.  renter. 

Cates  F.  A.  cooper. 

Cates  M.  L.  painter. 

CATTROW  WILIilAM,  Mer 
chant ;  was  born  in  Washington  Co., 
Ind.,  and  when  one  year  old  his  parents 
removed  to  Fountain  Co.,  Ind.,  but 
after  ten  years  moved  to  La  Porte  Co., 
Ind.,  where  he  married  Judith  Eahart, 
April  9,  1843,  who  was  born  in  "Vir- 
ginia Aug.  15,  1824.  They  emigrated 
to  this  county  in  May,  1854,  settling  in 
Oneida  Township,  opening  the  first  store 
in  Plum  Spring  (now  Greeley)  in  1855; 
in  Dec,  1859,  he  moved  to  Earlville, 
and  to  this  city  in  the  Fall  of  1863. 

Chamberlain  John,  livery. 

Chapel  J.  L.  laborer. 


DELAWARE  TOWNSHIP 


571 


CAWLEY  WIIililAM  C.  Post- 
master; was  born  in  Northampton  Co., 
Pa.,  on  Feb.  16, 1836 ;  married  Abby  A. 
Milks  June  5,  1860;  she  was  born  in 
Erie  Co.,  Pa.,  on  Aug.  22,  1843;    Mr. 
Cawley  went,  when   quite   young,  with 
parents  to  Union  Co.,  Pa.,  and  when  18 
years  old  immigrated  to  Iowa,  settling  in 
Dyersville;  came  to  this  city  in  April 
13,  1858  ;  in  April,  1869,  he  was  ap- 
pointed   Postmaster,    which   office    he 
now  holds. 
Chapel  E.  H.  painter. 
Oheney  A.  B. 
Chevalier  J.  P.  laborer. 
CHIJLDS     WATTSOBT,    Farmer, 
Sec.  22  ;  born  in  Leroy,  Jefferson    Co., 
N.  Y.,  April  14,  1832  ;  in  1842.  he  re- 
moved to  Madison  Co.,  and  the  following 
Spring  to  Oneida  Co.,  where  he  resided 
until  the  Fall  of   1854  ;    emigrated  to 
Earlville,   La  Salle  Co.,    111.,   in    1855. 
The  same  year  he  went  to  Iowa,  but  re- 
turned to  111.,  where  he  worked   by  the 
month  and   taught   school   until  1857, 
when  he  again  came  to  Iowa,  and  to 
this  county  ;    the  Winter  of  1858-9  he 
spent  in  Chickasaw  Co.,  Iowa,  but  again 
returned  here.     Married  Prusilla   Shel- 
don Nov.  10,  1859,  who   was   born  in 
Lee,  Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  13, 1833  ; 
they  moved  on   their  present   farm  in 
April,  1863,  on  which  they  have  made 
all  the  improvements. 
Clark  A.  C.  starch  factory. 
Clark  0.  D.  blacksmith. 
Clemens  E.  0.  farmer,  Sec.  4. 
Clough  J.  A.  laborer. 
Clugston  James,  farmer,  Sec.  12. 
COFFIN    CliEMENT,  deceased  ; 
was  born  in  Bdgarton,  Martha's  Vine- 
yard, Mass.,  Aug.  25,  1796.     He  was 
the  youngest  child  of  Capt.  Edy  Coffin, 
and  of  the   sixth   generation  in  descent 
from   Fristram   Coffin,   who  emigrated 
from  the    County  of  Devon,   England, 
and  settled    in    Massachusetts,  in   the 
town  of  Newberry,    now  called   New- 
buryport.     The  first  English   record  is 
of    Sir    Richard     Coffin,   one   of    the 
Knights   who  came  with  William  the 
Conquerer  from  Normandy,  France.  The 
race  has   always  been    remarkable   for 
mental  and  physical  ability,  vigor   and 
longevity.      Capt.    Coffin    removed    his 
family  to  Williamsburg,  Hampshire  Co., 


Mass.,  in  May,  1801,  and  died  there  in 
1821.     His  son,  Clement,   was  married 
April  16,  1817,  in   William,sburg,    to 
Miss   Susan    Williams,   of    the    same 
place,  a   lady  of  superior   ability,  both 
natural  and  acquired.      They  had  eight 
children,  three  died  in  early  childhood  : 
the    others   were    Elizabeth    Williams! 
wife  of  Henry  Baker,  who  died  in  1859 
Arabella   Gere,   wife   of  Joel  Bailey 
Susan  Corisandee,  wife  of  Leander  Keyes 
Jerome  Watson,  and  Sarah  Ann  Vincent 
wife  of  Ray  B.  Griffin.    The  family  re- 
moved to  Michigan  in  1835,  settling  on 
the    disputed  tract  of   land   afterward 
ceded  to  Ohio,  in  what  is  now  Fulton 
County,  then  Williams.     In  1840,  thev 
came  to  Iowa,  and  settled  in  the  grove 
that  bears  his  name,  and  where  Judge 
Coffin  died,  July  25,  1867.     He  was  a 
man  independent  in   his  purposes  and 
judgments,  naturally  of  a  noble  nature, 
keen  perceptions,  quick  in  thought  and 
expression,  kind  feelings,  however  un- 
favorably manifested  in  sudden  expres- 
sions, still  kind,    as  many  a  house  of 
sickness  and  heart  of  sorrow  can  testify ; 
a  man  with  traits  nobler  if  sharper  than 
common.     Punctuality,  activity,  energy 
and  fidelity  in  the  discharge  of  his  duties 
marked  his  character.     He  was  the  first 
Judge  of  Probate  of  Delaware  County ; 
was  one  of  the  first  Board  of  Trustees 
appointed   by  the    Legislature  for  the 
Agricultural  College  at  Ames.  Without 
soliciting  it,  was  appointed  Postmaster 
by  President  Taylor  and  held  it  many 
years,  sending  in  his  resignation,  when, 
by  reason  of  advancing  years,  the  duties 
became  a  burden.     In  politics  he  was  a 
Democrat. 

Colman  L.  A.  retired  miller. 

Cummerford  Geo.  restaurant. 

Congar  B,  J.  druggist. 

Congar  E.  R.  banker. 

CONGAR  HENRY  M.  one  of 
the  firm  of  Congar  Bros.,  Bankers; 
was  born  in  Wyoming  County,  N.  Y., 
March  31,  1832;  when  nine  years 
old,  he  moved  to  Whitewater,  Wal- 
worth County,  Wis.,  and  on  Sept.  9, 
1856,  he  married  Cynthia  L.  Leffing- 
well,  who  was  born  in  Chautauqua  Co., 
N.  Y.,  June  25,  1832  ;  the  same  year, 
he  came  t6  this  county,  and  in  May  of 
the  following  year  engaged  in  mercantile 


572 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


trade,  continuing  fifteen  years ;  opened 
their  present  bank  in  Jan.,  1875 ;  has 
three  children. 

Congar  R.  M.  clerk. 

Conley  J.  P.  barber. 

Connell  W.  H. 

Conner  Aaron,  clerk. 

Conner  F.  M.  laborer. 

Connery  John,  laborer. 

Cooley,  J.  C.  farmer,  Sec.  32. 

Cooley  J.  A.  clerk. 

Cooley  N.  W.  carpenter. 

COOIiEY  WARD  €.  deceased, 
born  in  Grafton  County,  N.  H.,  July 
31,  1813;  married  Sally  W.  Priest, 
February    23,    1837,    who    was    born 

,  in  Grafton  Co.,  N.  H.,  July  31,  1814; 
they  emigrated  to  this  Co.,  settling  on 
their  present  farm,  Dec.  2,  1859 ;  here 
Mr.  Cooley  died  Oct.  6,  1865.  San- 
ford  Mason,  who  was  born  in  Chenango 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  June  13, 1830,  and  married 
their  second  daughter,  Rosetta,  Aug.  8, 
1866,  resides  with  his  mother-in-law  on 
Sec.  32. 

Cooley  W.  A.  merchant. 

COOIir  AMOS  F.  Farmer,  Sec.  23; 
born  in  Washington  Co.,  N.  Y.,  April 
8,  1815;  in  Feb.,  1817,  he  moved  with 
his  parents  to  Wyoming  Co.,  where  on 
Jan.  5,  1837,  he  married  Susannah 
Wheeler,  who  was  born  in  Otsego  Co.,, 
N.  Y.,  Sept.  9,  1808 ;  they  emigrated 
to  Allen  Co.,  Jnd.,  ia  the  Spring  of 
1837,  and  in  the  Spring  of  1857,  came 
to  this  Co.,  settling  in  this  Township ; 
owns  1,000  acres  of  land  in  this  Co. ; 
Allen  F.  Coon,  his  son,  was  born  in 
Allen  Co.,  Ind.,  Oct.  5,  1843,  and  mar- 
ried Delilah  M.  Andrews,  Jan.  19, 1876; 
she  was  born  in  Allen  Co.,  Irid.,  Sept.  15, 
1851. 

Coon  Allen  F.  farmer  ;  Sec.  23. 

COO]¥  E.  SPAUIiDING,  Farmer, 
Sec.  23  ;  born  in  Allen  Co.,  Ind.,  March 
3,  1840;  came  to  this  Co.  with  his 
parents  in  the  Spring  of  1857  ;  he  set- 
tled on  and  improved  his  present  farm 
in  1866  ;  manried  Sarah  J.  Hunt,  April 
26,  1862,  who  was  born  in  La  Porte 
Co.,  Ind.,  and  who  died  in  this  county ; 
again  married  Ettie  Coleson,  June  17, 
1877,  who  was  born  in  Delaware  Co., 
Iowa,  May  18,  1857. 

COTTO*  MORELL,  Druggist, 
was   born  in  Cortland  County,  N.  Y., 


March  30,  1835  ;  in  1855,  he  moved  to 
Tioga  County,  Pa.,  where  he  was  en- 
gaged in  the  lumber  trade,  after  which 
he  was  employed  by  the  Blossburg  and 
Erie  railroads.  He  married  Euana  H. 
Weeks,  in  December,  1861  ;  she  was 
born  in  Northampton,  Mass.  They  came 
to  this  county,  settling  in  this  city  in 
June,  1857.  Have  two  children — George 
M.  and  Emma  J. 

COVEY  JAMES  H.  (deceased), 
born  in  Cayuga  County,  N.  Y.,  No- 
vember 3, 1810.  Married  Mary  Berean 
January  13,  1840,  who  was  bom  in 
Cayuga  County,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  15,  1819. 
They  resided  in  Venice,  Scipio  and  Sem- 
pronius,  Cayuga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  and  then 
emigrated  to  Seneca  County,  0.,  where 
they  resided  until  Nov.  25,  1854,  when 
they  came  to  this  county,  settling  in 
Manchester;  came  to  their  present  farm, 
where  Mr.  Covey  died  Sept.  5,  1872. 

Cronk  C.  S.  farmer,  Sec.  34. 

Cronk  Oliver,  farmer,  Sec.  19. 

CROSBY  CHAS.  STETSOlUr, 
Attorney  at  Law ;  born  in  Hampden, 
Penobscot  Co.,  Maine,  Oct.  2,  1824. 
Graduated  at  Bowdoin  College,  Bruns- 
wick, Me.,  in  the  class  of  1846  ;  read 
law  with  Edward  Kent  and  Jonas  Cut- 
ting, lately  Judges  of  Supreme  Court 
of  Maine ;  and  at  the  Cambridge  Law 
School  in  1847-8  ;  came  to  Manchester 
in  1867. 

Crosby,  P.  S.  gardener. 

CROSBY  THEOPHItUS,  Pro- 
prietor of  Pleasant  Hill  Farm,  Nursery 
^nd  Garden,  Sec.  32  ;  was  born  in  Frank- 
lin Co.,  Mass.  July  12,  1812;  married 
Abigail  C.  Thayer  Oct.  26,  1836,  who 
was  born  in  Franklin  Co.,  Mass.,  Aug. 
28,  1813.  The  day  they  were  married 
moved  to  Springfield,  Mass.  Iq  1837, 
they  moved  to  Cuyahoga  Co.,  Ohio,  go- 
ing to  Cleveland  in  1846 ;  from  there 
they  emigrated  to  this  township,  arriving 
October  26,  1853,  settling  in  Ead's 
Grove  Dec.  4  ;  came  to  their  present 
place  in  March,  1869. 

Cross  0.  M.  book  agent. 

Crosier  S.  0.  carpenter. 

npv  AY  ALVAH,  preacher. 

DAVIS  WIIililAM  G.  Farmery 
formerly  of  this  county ;  was  born  in 
Canada  December  18,  1848;    he  came 


DELAWARE  TOWNSHIP. 


573 


to  this  county  with  hisparents,  who  no^ 
reside  in  Coffin's  Grove  Township,  when 
quite  young,  and  has  been  a  resident 
of  this  place  until  recently.  He  mar- 
ried on  March  19,  1875,  Tinnie  Stimp- 
son,  who  was  born  in  Climax,  Kalama- 
zoo Co.,  Mich.,  Feb.  18,  1855 ;  she  has 
been  engaged  in  school  teaching,  a 
position  she  has  faithfully  filled,  as  she 
undoubtedly  will  all  other  avocations  of 
life. 

Day  Chas.  H.  express  agent. 

Day  H.  M.  commercial  agent. 

DENTOl^  WIXSOX  (deceased), 
whose  portrait  appears  in  this  work, 
was  bom  in  Carlisle,  Eng.,  April  4, 
1832  ;  emigrated  with  his  parents  to 
New  York  City  when  a  boy.  Here  he 
received  an  excellent  education,  espe- 
cially in  mathematics.  In  1850,  he 
came  to  Chicago  with  his  parents,  and, 
upon  the  death  of  his  father  by  cholera 
in  1857,  sought  employment  as  an 
engineer  under  R.  B.  Mason,  who  was 
then  pioneering  the  construction  of  the 
Illinois  Central,  but  was  obliged  to 
accept  a  subordinate  position  untU  a 
vacancy  occurred.  He  was  engaged  in 
the  construction  of  the  Illinois  Central 
from  Springfield  to  Dunleith-  Mr.  Den- 
ton was  married  at  Clinton,  111.,  to 
Mary  A.  Magill  Jan.  5,  1859.  In 
1856,  as  a  partner  in  the  contracting  firm 
of  Magill,  Denton  &  Co.,  he  began  the 
construction  of  the  Dubuque  &  Pacific 
Eailroad,  and  continued  as  a  contractor 
for  the  road  until  it  was  extended  to 
Cedar  Falls  in  1859.  He  again  be- 
came a  partner  in  the  firm  that  extended 
the  same  road  to  Fort  Dodge,  and  for 
several  years  after  was  engaged  in  vari- 
ous contracts,  among  them  being  a  road 
from  Cincinnati  northward,  the  Du- 
buque &  Minnesota  Road,  and  a  branch 
of  the  Northwestern  in  Northern  Michi- 
gan. Mr.  Denton  settled  in  Manchester 
in  1856,  and  when  the  town  was  incor- 
porated in  1866,  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Council,  which  place  he  held  'for 
two  years.  In  1866,  when  Congress 
passed  the  law  organizing  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railway  Company,  Mr.  Denton 
was  made  one  of  the  incorporators.  He 
soon  after  visited  Duluth,  but,  being 
doubtful  of  the  pecuniary  results,  al- 
lowed  his    opportunity   to    pass,    even 


refusing   $5,000   for  his  place  in  the 
company.     In  1866,  in  connection  with 
J.  B.  Ainsworth,  of  Dubuque,  he  incor- 
porated the  Manchester  Manufacturing 
Company,  and  built  the  shops  the  same 
year.     Two    or   three   years   after,   he 
became  sole  owner,  and,  in  1877,  trans- 
ferred  the   properly   to   the   Delaware 
County  Manufacturing    Company.     Iq 
1867,  he  began  to  improve  the  tract  of 
land  just    west    of    Manchester,    now 
called  "  Oak  Grove  Farm,"  and  in  the 
Winter  of  1873-4,  he  purchased  most 
of  the  blooded  stock  formerly  owned  by 
R.    A.    Babbage,   in   Butler  Co.,   and 
entered  with   zest  upon  the  live  stock 
business.      In  1875,  he  again  became  a 
member  of  the  Town  Countil,  and  the 
Silsby  fire  engine  being  purchased  that 
year,  it  was  by  common  consent  named 
"  N.  Denton,"  and  the  company  organ- 
ized to  man  it  bears  also  the  same  name. 
Early  in  December,  1877,  Mr.  Denton 
started  to  Brenham,  Tex.,  with  a  num- 
ber of  cattle  and  horses  for  sale,  but 
being  injured  on  the  way — the  conse- 
quences of  a  sharp  collision  on  a  side- 
track of  another  car  with  that  in  which 
he  was  traveling — he  died  at  Denison, 
Tex.,  Jan.  8,  1878,  leaving  a  widow, 
four   sons — William    M.,    Robert   A., 
Fred  H.  and  Harry  R.,  and  two  daugh- 
ters, Mary  R.  and  Kate  E.,  to  deplore 
his  untimely  death.      His  remains  were 
sent  home  and  interred  in  Manchester 
Cemetery  on  the  14th,  a  procession  of 
Manchester  Lodge,  ,A.,  P.  and  A.  M., 
swelled   in   numbers    by    members    of 
neighboring  lodges,  and  the  three  fire 
companies  escorting  his  remains  to  the 
grave.     Mr.  Denton  was  justly  regarded 
as  a  most  enterprising  citizen,  and  liberal 
toward  all  deserving  enterprises.      He 
had  accumulated  a  considerable  fortune, 
and   was   a  Director  in  the   Delaware 
County   Bank    from    its    organization. 
Before  closing  this  sketch  it  is  but  jus- 
tice to  him  to  state  that,  upon  the  death 
of  his  father,  when  he  was  but  19  years 
of  age,   he  undertook  the  charge  and 
maintenance  of  his  mother  and  family, 
a   charge,    in  the   words   of   his  aged 
mother,    "he  faithfully   and    tenderly 
fulfilled,  and  he  bears  a  noble  record  as 
a  devoted  son  and  a  kind  and  considerate 
brother.     May  the  Lord  be  his  reward.' 


574 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY : 


Dillon  Edward,  laborer. 
Dillon  John  J.  laborer. 
DICKIIVSOIV  RUFUS,  Farmer, 
Sec.  12  ;  born  in  Albany  Co.,  N.  Y., 
March  14,  1826  ;  came  to  this  county 
in  May  1853,  locating  land  in  the  above 
Section,  and  then  wentto  Kane  Co.,  111., 
where  he  was  occupied  on  a  farm  •  until 
the  Fall  of  that  year  (1854),  when  he 
again  came  to  this  county,  working  by 
the  month  in  Epworth  and  other 
places,  untU  the  following  year,  when 
he  commenced  the  improvement  of 
his  farm  and  on  which  he  has  since 
resided. 
Dodson  C.  M. 

DOGGETT  SIMEOX  JL.  Attor- 
ney at  Law  ;  was  born  in  Charleston,  S. 
C,  March  29,  1829  ;  in  1837,  moved 
to  Worcester  Co.,  Mass.,  where  he 
studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  that  State 
in  1856 ;  emigrated  to  this  State  May 
28,  1857,  settling  in  Dubuque,  where 
he  married  Mary  A.  White,  July  15, 
1857  ;  she  was  born  in  Pittsfield,  Otse- 
go Co.,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  4, 1830  ;  they  came 
to  this  county  in  Aug.,  1858  ;  Mr.  D. 
taught  the  select  high  school  in  this  city 
from  1858  to  1864,  and  has  been  Mayor 
of  this  city  five  years. 

Doolittle  W.  J.  wagon  maker. 

DORMAN  CHARIiES  W.  Den- 
tist, City  Hall  Block,  Franklin  street ; 
was  born  in  Schoharie  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Dec. 
8,  1838 ;  in  1856,  he  went  to  Jersey 
City,  N.  J.,  and  to  Delaware  Co.,  N.  Y., 
where  he  studied  law,  after  which  he 
crossed  the  plains  to  Pike's  Peak  and 
then  to  California,  where  he  remained 
about  five  years,  and  in  the  meantime 
returned  to  N.  Y.,  and  married  Helen 
F.  Manchester  March  27,  1864;  she 
was  born  in  Saratoga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  May 
1,  1845  ;  emigrated  to  the  this  State  in 
1867,  crossing  the  plains  from  Califor- 
nia, in  a  wagon  with  his  wife  and  two 
children,  settling  in  Fayette  Co. ;  came 
to  this  county  in  April,  1872,  commenc- 
ing his  present  business. 

Dowd  John,  farmer.  Sec.  1. 

Dubois  Abram,  Sr.,  shoemaker. 

Dubois  Abraham,  Jr.,  laborer. 

Dudley.  C.  A.  telegraph  operator. 

Dudley  Wm.  renter,  Sec.  31. 

Dufile  J.  8.  grocer. 


DURHAM  ABNER,  Farmer,  Sec. 
26 ;  born  in   La  Porte   Co.,  Ind.,  Aug. 
20, 1841 ;  emigrated  to  this  Co.  in  1855, 
and  the  same  year  settled  on  his  present 
farm  of  80  acres.     Enlisted  in  Co.  E, 
12th  I.  V.  I.,  Sept.  24,  1861;  engaged, 
in  battle  at  Port   Donelson  and  taken 
prisoner  at  Shiloh ;  after  6  months  and 
1 1   days  he  was  paroled  in  Richmond, 
Va.,  and  exchanged  about  Dec.  15,  of 
that  year ;  returning  to  his  company,  he 
was  promoted  First  Lieutenant,  and  en- 
gaged  in  battles  at  Vicksburg,   White 
River,  siege  at  jSrashville,Spanish  Fort  and 
Blakely ;  honorably  discharged  after  the 
close  of  the  war.     Married  Sophronia 
E.  Boynton  Sept.  15,  1869;  she   was 
born   in   Jo   Daviess  Co.,  111.,  Dec.  3, 
1845.     Mr.  D.  was  elected  Sheriff  of 
this  Co.  in  1862,  serving  two  terms. 
DUNHAM  FERDIXAND  W. 
Retired  Parmer;  born  in  Otsego  Co.,N. 
Y.,   Feb.   20,  1814;  emigrated  to  La 
Porte,  Ind.,  in  1839,  where  he  married 
Angeline  McCallum,    Sept.    13,  1840, 
who   was   born   in   Otsego   Co.,  N.  Y., 
Aug.  6.  1814 ;  she  came  to  La  Porte 
Co.,  Ind.,  in  1835;  came  from  Ind.  to 
this  Co.  in  March,  1855,  settling  on  See, 
26  ;  moved  to  this  city  in  the  Spring  of 
1869.     Mr.  Dunham  is  one  of  the  Su- 
pervisors of  this  county. 
DrWHAM  OBADIAH  A,  Farm 
er,  Sec.  25 ;  born  in  La  Porte,  La  Porte 
Co.,  Ind.j  July  3,  1852 ;  came  to  this 
Co.   with   his   father,    F.    Dunham,  in 
1855,  settling  on  Sec.  26;  in  1869,  he 
moved  to  Manchester,  attending  school 
and  clerking  foi  Cougar  Bros,  and  D.G. 
Eldredge.     Married    Florence,  S.   Rea 
Jan.  12,  1875,  who  was  born  in  Colony, 
Delaware   Co.,    Iowa,   May   28,    1854. 
They  came  to  their  present  farm  of  160 
acres  Jan.  20,  1875.     Alton  Ferdinand 
is  their  only  child. 
Dunlap  John,  blacksmith. 
DrRBOX  J.  W.  Prop.  Merchants' 
Hotel,    Main    st.;    was   born  in  Cayu- 
ga   Co.,    N.    Y.,     April    22,     1817; 
when  15  years  old  he  went  to  Genesee 
Co.,  N.  Y.      Married   Amanda   Holen- 
beck  in  Feb.,  1838,  who  was  born  in 
Berkshire  Co.,    Mass.,  in  1820.     After 
27  years'  residence  in  Genesee  Co.,  they 
emigrated  to  Lenawee  Co.,  Mich.,  and, 
from  there  to  this  Co.  in  the  Spring  of 


DELAWARE  TOWNSHIP. 


575 


1865 ;  built  his  present  hotel,  at  a  cost 
■)i  85,000,  and  occupied  it  in  the  Fall 
of  1874. 

Dutton  Owen  P.  laborer. 

Tj^DMUNDS  jambs,  farmer,  Sec.  22. 

EATON  CHARLES  B.  Manufac- 
turer of  and  Dealer  in  Harness,  Saddles 
and  Collars,  Main  st.;  was  born  in 
Livingston  Co.,  N.  Y.,  June  15, 
1837.  In  1844,  he  emigrated  to  Win- 
nebago Co.,  111.,  settling  in  Rockford, 
where  he  married  Martha  Weidman, 
June  17,  1864,  who  was  born  in  Lysan- 
der,  N.  Y. ;  she  died  Nov.  26,  1874. 
Mr.  Eaton  came  to  this  Co.  in  1865, 
settling  in  this  city,  where  he  has  been 
engaged  in  his  present  business.  En- 
listed in  the  11th  I.  V.  I. 

EDMUNDS  HENRY  li.  Farmer, 
Sec.  26;  born  in  Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y., 
July  20,  1824 ;  when  quite  young, 
went  to  Oswego,  N.  Y.,  when  in  1850, 
he  went  to  California,  but  after  three 
years  returned  to  Oswego  Co.,  N.  Y. 
Married  Eliza  Platts  Dec.  15,  1869; 
she  was  born  in  Ashton,  Lancashire, 
England,  May  12,  1832  ;  Mr.  Edmunds 
came  to  this  county  in  Aug.,  1853,  set- 
ling  on  his  present  farm. 

EDMUNDS  STEPHEN  J.  Far- 
mer,  Sec.  22  ;  born  in  Oswego  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  May  29,  1838 ;  emigrated  to  this 
county  in  Feb.,  1854;  settled  on  his 
present  farm  of  128  acres  in  Feb.,  1858  ; 
married  Phoebe  A.  Coon  in  April,  1862  ; 
she  was  born  in  Allen  Co.,  Ind.,  and 
died  Feb.  1,  1875  ;  again  married  Bell 
M.  Ross  Feb.  14,  1877  ;  she  was  born 
in  Winfield,  Herkimer  Co.,  N.  Y., 
March  29,  1846 ;  had  six  children  by 
first  marriage  and  one  by  second. 

Eldridge  D.  Q.  traveling  man. 

EUer  John,  stone  cutter. 

EMERSON  FRANKIilN,  Re 
tired  Farmer;  was  born  in  Erie  Co., 
N.  Y.,  May  3,  1814;  in  1834,  he  re- 
•movedto  Niles,  Mich. ;  afler  two  years,  he 
moved  to  Racine,  Wis.,  where  he  was 
engaged  in  trade  with  the  Pottawato- 
mies,  and  afterward  helped  them  move 
to  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa,  after  which  he 
settled  in  Dubuque,  Iowa,  where  he 
married  Mary  Wharton  Dec.  23,  1841, 
who  was  bora  in  Nenthead,  Cumberland 
Co.,  Eng.,  Aug.  26,  1825  ;    they  re- 


sided in  Dubuque  four  years,  when  they 
moved  to  Clayton  Co. ;  in  Oct.,  1852, 
came  to  this  county,  settling  in  Richland 
Township ;  came  to  this  city  in  April, 
1877  ;  was  Sheriff  of  Clayton  Co. 

Bstey  Silas,  milk  dealer. 

Estey  V.  8.  son  of  above  Estey. 

Evans  Frank  P. 

Evans  Fred,  meat  market. 

Evans  R.  H. 

EVANS  SAMUEL  S.  of  the  Firm 
of  Evans  &  Rich,  Meat  Market,  Main 
street,  was  born  in  Chittenden  Co.,  Vt., 
Jan.  19,  1831 ;  moved  to  Franklin  Co., 
Vt.,  and  married  Cornelia  Popple  Sept. 
20,  1854,  who  was  born  in  Plattsburg, 
Clinton  Co.,  N.  Y.,  May  12, 1835  ;  then 
moved  to  Fort  Covington,  Franklin  Co., 
N.  Y.,  and  after  residing  in  Burke  and 
other  places  in  New  York,  they  came  to 
this  county  in  1864,  settling  in  this  city. 
Frank  P.,.  Charles  L.  and  Samuel  S., 
are  their  children. 

EWART  ROBERT  M.  County 
Superintendent  of  Schools,  was  born  in 
Belfast,  Ireland,  July  18,  1841  ;  emi- 
grated to  this  country  with  parents,  ar- 
riving Nov.  12,  1866,  settling  in  Sand 
Spring,  this  county,  and  has  since  re- 
sided at  Hopkinton,  where  he  received 
his  education  at  the  Lenox  Collegiate 
Institute.  Elected  to  his  present  office 
in  1875,  and. re-elected  in  1877.  He 
married  Minnie  S.  Dean  March  28, 
1877  ;  she  was  born  in  Cascade,  Du- 
buque Co.,  Iowa,  Aug.  27, 1853.  They 
date  their  residence  in  this  city  from  Oc- 
tober, 1877. 
ARR  H.  P.  renter.  Sec.  30. 


F 


Fenner  Calvin,  farmer.  Sec.  11. 

Fenner  W.  J.  farmer,  Sec.  11. 

Ferris  C.  W.  laborer.  Sec.  10. 

Ferris  Daniel,  farmer.  Sec.  10. 

FERRIS  DAVID  P.  Farmer,  Sec; 
15,  was  born  in  Cuyahoga  Co.,  0.,  July 
8, 1816 ;  his  parents  moved  to  Dearborn 
Co.,  Ind.,  when  he  was  three  months 
old,'  where  he  lived  until  1826,  and 
moved  to  St.  Joseph  Co.,  Ind.  He 
married  Hannah  A.  Cook  Aug.  6, 1834, 
who  was  born  in  New  York  ;  she  died 
Aug.  12,  1839.  Again,  married  Lucy 
Vaughn  April  12,  1840,  who  was  born 
in  Dearborn  Co.,  Ind.,  in  1818.  They 
emigrated  to  this  county  m  July,  1856, 


576 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY : 


settling  on  his  present  farm,  on  which 
he  has  made  all  the  improvements. 

Ferris  Jay,  laborer.  Sec.  10. 

Perry  Lennen. 

Finch  D.  H.  clerk. 

Finch  George,  laborer. 

Finch  Warren,  laborer. 

Fisk  L.  H.  printer. 

Flint  Francis,  janitor. 

FlilXT  GEORGE  D.  Manufac 
turer  of  Pork  and  Flour  Barrels,  Butter 
Firkins  and  Tubs,  Churns,  in  fact,  all 
kinds  of  Cooperage,  upper  part  of 
Franklin  St. ;  employs  60  hands,  on  an 
average.  Was  born  in  Medina  Co., 
Ohio,  April  11,  ]84'7.  In  1861, 
he  immigrated  to  Steuben  Co,,  Ind., 
where,  in  1864,  he  enlisted  in  Co.  G, 
44th  Ind.  V.  I.,  serving  nearly  two 
years.  Came  from  the  army  to  this 
Co.  Sept.  23,  1865;  two  years  ago 
he  bought  his  present  shop.  Married 
Martha  Stephens  Sept.  7,  1868,  who 
was  born  in  Tamaqua,  Schuylkill  Co., 
Pa.,  Nov.  28,  1851,  and  came  with 
her  parents  to  this  Co.  in  1855. 

Foley  John,  baggage  master. 

FOBJO  BROS.  Dealers  in  Grocer- 
ies, Boots  and  Shoes,  Franklin  st. 
John  W.  the  senior  member  of  the 
firm,  was  born  in  Saratoga  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  Aug.  23,  1845;  George  was  born  in 
Rockford,  111.,  Jan.  18,  1848.  William 
Ford,  their  father,  was  born  in  Wash- 
ington Co.,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  18,  1824; 
maiTied  Mary  Welch,  Sept.  19,  1844; 
resided  in  Northumberland,  Saratoga 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  until  1846,  when  they  emi- 
grated to  Rockford,  111.;  came  to  this 
Co.  with  his  family  in  1864;  he  died 
Nov.  9,  1876. 

Forsythe,  Alex,  laborer. 

Fowler,  A.  W.  saloon  keeper. 

Foster,  W.  E.  blacksmith. 

FOSTER  WM.  G.  Restaurant  and 
Bakery,  Franklin  st.;  was  born  in  Al- 
bany, N.  Y.,  May  14,  1837.  When 
3  years  old,  he,  with  his  parents, 
moved  to  Coxsackie,  N.  Y.,  and  at  12 
years  went  to  Trenton,  N.  J.,  residing 
there  about  twenty-one  years.  Married 
Annie  McLee,  Aug.  18,  1861;  she  was 
born  in  England.  They  came  to  this 
Co.  in  June,  1872,  first  settling  in  this 
city,  and  engaged  in  their  present  busi- 


Franks  C.  H.  laborer. 

Franklin  Ezekiel,  barber. 

FREIVCH  PHARES  S.  Me- 
chanic, was  born  in  Cortland  Co., 
N.  Y.,  Jan.  23,  1837 ;  immigrated  to 
Oakland  Co.,  Mich.,  in  1847,  where  he 
resided  eight  years,  and  then  to  Fort 
Dodge,  Iowa,  in  1855;  the  same  year, 
he  came  to  this  Co.,  where  he  has 
made  his  home,  with  the  exception  of 
three  years  in  California.  Married  Mary 
Dubois  Nov.  8,  1857,  whq  was  born 
in  Allegany  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  7,  1842. 

Fuller  Andrew,  carpenter. 

Freelove,  J.  B.  tinner. 

r~^  AINES,  E.  S.  bookkeeper. 

Gale  D.  H.  broommaker. 

Garrison  J.  M.  laborer. 

Garrison  0.  L.  laborer. 

Gardner  J.  A.  saloon. 

Gates  G.  D.  painter. 

Gates  L.  S.  farmer,  Sec.  35. 

Gately' Alfred,  saloon. 

Gill  R.  V.  gardener. 

GlilSENDORF  FRED.  Meat 
Market,  Main  street,  was  born  in 
Germany,  Aug.  2,  1838;  came  to  this 
country,  settling  in  Milwaukee,  Wis., 
September,  1857.  He  afterward  moved 
to  Chicago,  residing  eight  years  there, 
and  then  came  to  this  county,  settling 
in  this  city  in  September,  1865.  Mar- 
ried Anna  Mouermann  Oct.  9,  1867  ; 
she  was  born  in  Austria  Jan.  24,  1 847. 
Mr.  Glesendorf  has  been  one  of  Man- 
chester's business  men  ever  since  he  set- 
tled here.  Verony  and  Anna  are  the 
living  children ;  Emma,  their  eldest 
child,  died  April  14,1877;  Charles,  their 
third  child,  died  April  16,  1877. 

Glover  H.  G.  farmer.  Sec.  5. 

Goodell  Wm.  merchant. 

Goodell  W.  H.  merchant. 

Goodyear  Dennis,  clock  repairer. 

Gordon  G.  W.  laborer. 

Gorham  Nathan,  blacksmith. 

Grace  James,  tailor. 

GRAHAM  HENRY  C.  of  the 
Firm  of  H.  C.  Graham  &  Co.,  Dealers  in 
Groceries,  Crockery,  and  purchasers  of 
Produce,  Franklin  street,  was  born  in 
Perry,  Lake  County,  Ohio,  Jan.  1, 
1833  ;  moved  to  Mishawaka,  Ind.,  in 
1854,  and  after  two  years'  residence  he 
went  to   Elkhart,  Ind.,  and   in  1861, 


DELAWARE  TOWNSHIP. 


577 


moved  to  Janesville,  Wis.,  and  in  July, 
1868,  emigrated  to  this  county,  settling 
in  this  city,  and  in  September  of  the 
same  year,  commenced  his  present  busi- 
ness. Was  married  to  Flora  C.  Weber, 
Nov.  9,  1868  ;  she  was  born  in  Friend- 
ship, Allegany  Co.,  N.  Y.,  May  5, 
1843. 

Granger  H.  A.  groceries. 

Green  Arthur  C. 

Green  H.  W.  physician. 

Green  James,  renter.  Sec.  3. 

Green  S.  W.  physician. 

GREENWOOD  WIELIAM  H. 
Photographer  and  Ornamental,  Painter, 
Tama  street;  was  born  in  Wilmington, 
Del.,  February  11, 1838  ;  married  Caro- 
line M.  CoUyer  July  3,  1859,  who 
was  bom  in  TuUy  Valley,  Onondaga 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  July  9,  1840.  They  were 
married  at  Clinton  Junction,  Rock  Co., 
Wis.,  where  they  had  moved ;  they 
moved  to  Delaware  Co.,  Iowa,  June 
8,  1866 ;  commenced  his  present  busi- 
when  fifteen  years  old. 

Gregg  F.  B.  printer. 

Grice  Thomas,  cooper. 

OBIFFIN'  RAY  B.  Attorney  at 
Law  and  Real  Estate  Dealer;  born  in 
Chenango  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  27,  1836; 
received  his  education  in  Madison  and 
Oneida  Cos.,  N.  Y. ;  started  out  in  life 
at  the  age  of  15  years,  dependent  upon 
his  own  resources  ;  graduated  in  the  Law 
Department  of  Hamilton  College,  at 
Clinton,  Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  the  law 
class  of  1856  ;  was  admitted  to  practice 
law  in  all  the  courts  of  New  York  at 
Oswego  City  July  8,  1856  ;  when  only 
20  years  old,  came  to  Davenport,  Iowa, 
in  the  Fall  of  1856  ;  in  the  Spring  of 
1857,  removed  to  Manchester,  and  in 
August  of  the  same  year  was  appointed 
by  Hon.  Joel  Bailey,  then  County  Trea- 
surer and  Recorder,  as  Deputy,  and  for 
two  and  one-half  years  filled  the  office  of 
Deputy  County  Treasurer  and  Recorder ; 
was  elected  Treasurer  and  Recorder  of 
the  county,  upon  the  Democratic  ticket, 
in  the  Fall  of  1859,  and  filled  the  office 
until  Jan.  1,  1862;  in  the  Winter  of 
1864,  went  to  California,  and  Virginia 
City,  Nevada;  returned  to  Delhi  the 
sameSummer.  In  the  Fall  of  1865,  per- 
manently settled  in  Manchester,  and 
continued  the  practice  of  law,  and  ex- 


tensively engaged  in  dealing  in  real 
estate ;  has  done  much  to  encourage  the 
settlement  and  improvement  of  the  town 
and  county,  and  engaged  largely  in  im- 
proving farms  throughout  the  county, 
as  well  as  making  extensive  and  valu- 
able improvements  in  Manchester,  and 
at  present  is  the  largest  landholder  in 
Delaware  Co.,  all  of  which,  he  assures 
us,  has  been  acquired  honestly  and  by 
careful,  prudent  and  economical  invest- 
ments, guarded  with  zealous  economy 
and  industry.  In  1868,  being  regarded 
as  a  sound  representative  of  Democracy, 
was  sent  by  the  Democratic  Convention 
of  Iowa  as  one  of  the  delegates  to  the 
National  Democratic  Convention  that 
convened  in  New  York  July  4,  1868. 
He  was  married  Oct.  30,  1858,  to  Sarah 
Ann  Vincint  Coffin,  youngest  daughter 
of  the  late  Judge  Clement  Coffin,  of 
Coffin's  Grove,  in  this  county ;  she  was 
born  Oct.  13,  1834,  in  Williamsburg, 
Mass.,  and  when  a  child  removed  with 
her  parents  to  Michigan,  and  thence 
to  Coffin's  Grove  in  1840,  while  still 
the  Indian  hunting  ground;  she  was 
educated  in  Dubuque ;  they  have  seven 
children  living — Elizabeth  Baker,  Cle- 
ment Coffin,  Mary  Luella,  Ray  Bur- 
dette,  Jr.,  Simeon  Brown,  Jr.,  Sarah 
Ann  Vincint,  and  Ethel  Ray  Griffin; 
one  son  died  when  less  than  two  years 
old. 
Ghrist  I.  W.  physician. 

ADLEY  J.  C.  carpenter. 


H^ 


Hageman  John,  blacksmith. 

Haker  Edmonds,  laborer. 

Hale  N.  G.  clerk. 

Hale  N.  T.  clerk. 

HAHBIilN  ENOS,  of  the  firm  of 
Whitman,  Hamblin  &  Co.,  Blacksmiths 
and  Wagon  Manufacturers,  Fayette  St.; 
was  born  in  St.  Lawrence  Co.,  N.  Y., 
Oct.  10,  1830.  Married  Hester  A. 
Noble,  July  4,  1858.  She  was  born  in 
Montville,  Geauga  Co.,  Ohio,  March  3, 
1835.  In  1856,  came  to  this  county, 
first  settling  in  Delhi,  residing  six 
months,  then  to  Dyersville;  moved  to 
this  city  soon  after,  and  entered  the 
above  firm  about  one  year  since.  Haa 
five  children. 

Hamblin  John,  meat  market. 

Harris  George,  laborer. 


578 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTr: 


HAMIillV  HENRY  F.  born  in 
Smithport,  McKean  County,  Penn., 
April  14,  1834;  moved  to  Belvidere, 
Boone  County,  111.,  Sept.  1,  1845; 
moved  to  Forestville,  Delaware  County, 
March,  15,  1856,  and  started  the  first 
store  of  any  consequence,  under  the 
firm  name  of  Hamlin  &  Son  ;  moved  to 
Manchester  Feb.  20,  1862.  Married 
Miss  Hattie  A.  Clark,  at  Belvidere,  111., 
Sept.  7, 1857 ;  they  have  three  children 
- — Frank  H.,  Charies  F.  and  Clare  For- 
rest, aged  respectively,  20,  16  and  10 
years.  Is  now  engaged  in  mercantile 
business  with  Riddell  Bros. 

Harris  I.  N.  saloon  keeper. 

Harris  Orange,  carpenter. 

Hartson  George,  laborer ;  Sec.  2. 

Hartson  Isaac,  farmer. 

Haskell  H.  B.  foundry. 

Hayes  John  B. 

Heath  J.  C.  clerk. 

Heath  John,  laborer. 

HEMPSTEAD  JOHIV,  Farmer, 
Sec.  11  ;  born  in  Verona,  Oneida  Co., 
N.  ^y.,  Nov.  13,  1822;  his  parents 
moved  to  Chautauqua  County  in  1833, 
where  he  was  engaged  in  farming  ;  in 
1850,  emigrated  to  Dodge  Co.,  Wis., 
and  then  came  to  this  county,  arriving 
in  Oct.,  1854,  settling  on  Sec.  16,  where 
he  married  Lucinda  Wilcox,  Feb,  22, 
1859,  who  was  born  in  Ripley,  Chautau- 
qua Co.,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  2,  1833  ;  moved 
on  their  present  farm  in  1868  ;  one  child 
— Mary  R. 

Henry  J.  J.  laborer. 

Herrick  W.  D.  clerk. 

HESNER  AlVDREW  J.  Farmer, 
Sec.  8  ;  born  in  Rock  Co.,  Wis.,  Jan. 
11,  1849;  came  from  Rock  County  to 
Clayton  Co.,  Iowa,  when  two  years  old, 
with  his  parents,  and  to  this  county  in 
the  Fall  of  1871,  where  he  married 
Maria  Hetheriogton  Jan.  2,  1871  ; 
she  was  born  in  Rock  Co.,  Wis.,  Feb. 
20,  1848  ;  they  moved  on  their  present 
farm,  on  which  he  has  made  valuable 
improvements. 

HETHERIJfOTON  AMOS, 
Farmer,  Sec.  7;  was  born  in  Delaware  Co., 
Iowa,  June  1, 1856  ;  his  father,  Thomas 
Hetherington,  came  to  this  county  twenty- 
five  years  ago,  and  is  one  of  the  old  settlers 
of  this  county ;  Amos  and  Asher,  twin 
brothers,  with  their  mother  Susanah,  are 


residing  on  the  farm ;  Matilda,  Mary 
and  Amanda  are  his  sisters. 

Hetherington  Thos.  retired  farmer. 

Heys  Gr.  H.  blacksmith. 

Higman  J.  B.  renter.  Sec.  23. 

Hills  Levi,  grocer. 

Hoag  Egbert,  mill  owner. 

Hoag  J.  J.  mill  owner. 

Hollister  A.  A.  farmer,  Sec.  4. 

HoUister  G.  F.  laborer. 

Hollister  Geo.  F.  renter. 

HOIililNTER  WILIilAM  H. 
Farmer,  Sec.  9  ;  born  in  Warsaw,  Wy- 
oming Co.,  N.  Y.,  March  23,  1830 ;  he 
with  his  parents,  moved  to  Chautauqua 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1840.  Here  he  married 
Margaret  E.  Wilcox,  January  10,  1849; 
who  was  born  in  Mayville,  Chautauqua 
County,  N.  Y.,  July  27,  1832.  They 
moved  to  Portland,  Chautauqua  Co., 
but  after  three  years  emigrated  to  Boone 
County,  111.;  in  April  4,  1855,  they 
came  to  this  county^  settling  on  their 
present  farm,  on  which  they  have  made 
good  improvements. 

Holmes  H.  R.  bootmaker. 

HOIi ME S  THEODORE,  Mill 
Owner,  in  Millheim,  Sec.  3 ;  was  bom 
in  Seneca  Co.,  Ohio,  April  24,  1828 ; 
moved  to  DeKalb  Co.,  Ind.,  in  1842, 
and  to  La  Porte  Co.,  Ind.,  in  1846. 
Came  to  this  county,  settling  in  Honey 
Creek  Township  in  1860.  Married  C. 
Matilda  Hutson  Oct.  9,  1862,  who  was 
born  in   this  county  March  25,  1842, 

Hooker  Benj.  laborer. 

Hoosner  J.  C.  cooper. 

Hornby  John,  saloon. 

HOWIiAlVD  IRA,  Farmer;  S.  32; 
born  in  Grafton  Co.,  N.  H.,  Oct.  9, 
1817.  In  this  county  he  married  Tir- 
zah  Cooley,  Jan.  26,  1843,  who  was 
born  in  Grafton  Co.,  N.  H.,  Feb.  16, 
1822.  Lived  in  their  native  county 
until  March,  1858,  when  they  emi- 
grated to  Janesville,  Wis.,  and  in  March, 
1865,  again  emigrated  to  this  county, 
settling  on  their  present  farm.  Have 
three  children  living. 

Howland  R.  W.  clerk. 

HOYT  HIRAM  (of  the  firm  of 
Granger  &  Hoyt,  Dealers  in  Groceries, 
etc.,  Franklin  street).  Was  born  in 
Essex  Co.,  Vt.,  on  May  27,  1838. 
When  eight  years  old,  he  moved,  with 
parents,  to  Coos  Co.,  N.  H.,  and  in  the 


DELA.WAKE  TOWNSHIP. 


679 


Spring  of  1858  came  to  this  State,  first 
settling  in  West  Union,  Fayette  Co., 
la.,  and  in  1860  went  on  a  tour  for  a 
location  farther  west,  but  returned,  set- 
tling in  this  city  Oct.  15,  1864.  He  is 
engaged  in  buying  live  stock  and  grain, 
giving  his  entire  attention  to  that  busi- 
ness. Married  Etna  P.  Loomis,  daugh- 
ter of  A.  R.  Loomis,  Dee.  9,  1868, 
She  was  born  in  Georgia,  Vt. 

Hoyt  S.  M.,  farmer;  S.  3. 

Hulbert  Philetus,  laborer. 

Hulbert  W.  A.  laborer. 

Huling  A.  C.  laborer. 

HIJSTED  CHARIiES,  Attorney 
at  Law,  office  on  Franklin  St.;  was  born 
in  Kingston,  Ulster  Co.,  N.  Y.,  on  Dec. 
28,  1843 ;  came  to  this  State  in  1860, 
settling  in  Dubuque  Co.,  and  then  to 
Mason  City ;  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
Black  Hawk  Co.,  in  Oct.,  1868 ;  married 
Sarah  E.  Keagy  June  16,  1869 ;  she 
was  born  in  Pa.  Mr.  Husted  went  to 
Colorado  and  from  there  to  this  county, 
settling  in  this  city  in  1866. 

Hutchinson  Henry,  capitalist. 

HlJTCHIBfSOW  JOS.  Capitalist, 
office  in  City  Hall  Block,  Franklin  St.; 
was  born  in  London,  England,  May  11, 
1852  ;  came  to  this  country  in  June, 
1856,  first  settUng  in  Dyersville,  Du- 
buque Co.,  Iowa;  one  year  from  the 
following  Sept.  he  came  to  this  city. 

Hutson  J.  C.  farmer :  Sec.  1 . 

HUTSOlUr  MATHEW  D.  Farmer; 
Sec.  1 ;  born  in  Delaware  Co.,  Iowa, 
Aug.  8,  1845 ;  enlisted  in  the  11th  Mo. 
Cav.,  Co.  B,  on  Feb.  1,  1852,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  battles  at  Prairie  Grove, 
Helena  and  Brownsville,  Ark.,  Vicks- 
burg  and  Jackson,  Tenn.;  honorably 
discharged,  Aug.  12,  1865  ;  he  married 
Adelaide  J.  Rowley,  Oct.  28, 1868,  who 
was  born  in  Dane  Co.,  Wis.,  Feb.  14, 
1851.  Mr.  Hutchinson  is  a  son  of  the 
third  settler  in  this  Co. 

TRONS  FRANK,  molder. 

TEWELL  B.  WOOD,  clerk. 

Johnston  D.  I.  carpenter. 

Johnston  J.  F.  clerk. 

Johnson  N.  H.  farmer.  Sec.  7. 

JO]!<rEIS  DAVID  W.  Proprietor  of 
the  Manchester  Woolen  Mills ;  was  born 
in  South  Wales,   Great   Britain,   Sept. 


27, 1821 ;  married  Margaret  Davis  Sept. 
27,  1842,  who  was  born  in  South  Wales 
Jan.  14,  1820  ;  they  immigratedto  this 
country  in  April,  1 843,  coming  in  a  sailing 
vessel,  via  Liverpool,  arriving  in  New 
York  May  20,  1843,  and  in  due  tune 
settled  in  Montgomery  Co.,  Pa. ;  after 
one  year's  residence,  they  moved  to 
Newton  Falls,  Trumbull  Co.,  Ohio,  en- 
gaging in  his  present  business ;  came  to 
this  county  in  April,  1854,  settling  on  a 
farm  in  Sec.  16  ;  in  1864,  he  sold  out, 
and  commenced  building  one  of  his  pres- 
ent fine  woolen  mills  in  1865  ;  a  com- 
plete history  is  given  in  this  work. 

JOIVES  JOSIAH  S.  son  of  D.  W. 
Jones  ;  was  born  in  Newton  Falls,  Trum- 
bull Co.,  Ohio,  Dec.  16,  1854;  came 
to  this  county  with  his  father,  in  April, 
1854,  and  has  been  engaged  with  him 
as  an  assistant  in  the  woolen  mills  ;  he 
married,  in  this  county,  Delia  Sly,  June 
6,  1876;  she  was  born  in  Henrietta, 
Lorain  Co.,  Ohio,  June  23,  1857 ; 
they  have  one  child. 

JO]!lirES  WILIilAM  B.  Woolen 
Mills,  Manchester ;  was  born  in  Phila^ 
delphia.  Pa.,  July  9,  1843;  came  to 
this  country  with  his  father,  D.  W. 
Jones,  April,  1854,  and  has  been  en- 
gaged with  his  father  in  all  his  pursuits 
in  business ;  married  Jennie  Tarbox 
April  14,  1867  ;  she  was  born  in  Eu- 
reka, Wis,  April  14,  1849  ;  children — 
Lettie  May,  Lester  D.,  Charles  W., 
Maggie  L.  and  Stephen  D.  W. 

Jones  W.  S.  furniture. 

June  L.  E.  carpenter. 

TZ"  ALTENBACK  FRED.  far. ;  See.  2. 

Kalteubach  Jacob,  laborer,  Sec.  3. 
KALTENBACH   JOHN,  Far  ; 

Sec.  2;  born  in  Baden,  Germany,  March 
11,  1808;  married  Mary  Hermon  June, 
1826,  who  was  born  in  Germany  Aug. 
1809.  They  came  to  America  in  1834, 
settling  in  Wayne  Co.,  Ohio,  and  in 
1842,  moved  to  Monroe,  Green  Co., 
Wis. ;  left  March,  1852,  coming  to  this 
county,  settling  in  this  township,  on  Sec. 
3,  where  he  built  a  saw-mill,  and  which, 
in  1864,  he  constructed  into  a  grist-mill. 
John  Welterlin,  his  son-in-law,  who  re- 
sides with  him,  was  born  in  France  Feb. 
20,  1830,  came  to  this  country  in  1852, 
settling  in  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  and  in  May 


580 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY  : 


following  came  to  Dubuque,  and  in  Aug.. 
1854,  came  to  this  county. 
KAIiTEWBACH  SAMUEL, 

Mfr.    of    Butter    Tubs,    Barrels,    etc., 
Franklin  St.;  was  born  in  Crawford  Co., 
Ohio,  Sept.  28,  1843 ;  when  two  years 
old,  his  parents  moved  to  Green  Co., 
Wis.,  and  in  the  Spring  of  1853,  came 
to  this  township  ;  he  enlisted  in  Co.  F., 
12th  I.  V.  I.,  in   1861,  serving  three 
years;   was  in  the  battles  of  Corinth, 
Fort  Donelson,  Fort  Henry,  Jackson, 
Miss.,  Vicksburg,  Jackson,  Tenn.,  and 
Black   River ;    commenced  business  in 
this  city  in  1868;  married  Mary  Mor- 
ris,   July   1,   1876;   she  was  born   in 
Wales,  Oct.  29,  1849, 
Keagy  C.  W.  bookkeeper. 
KEIiliEB  BEX.  H.  Manufacturer 
and  Retail  Dealer  in  Boots  and  Shoes, 
FrankUn  st. ;  was  born  in  Auburn,  N. 
Y.,  Feb.  28,  1829  ;  in  1846,  he  went 
to  Seneca  Falls,  N.  Y^,  but  after  one 
year's    residence    moved    to    Addison, 
Steuben  Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  he  married 
Lucy  A.  Barr,  on  Jan.  1,  1850,  who 
was   bom    in   Chenango    Co.,   N.    Y., 
March  16,  182- ;  they  went  to  Cuba, 
N.  Y.,  from  which  place  they  came  to 
this  county,  arriving  April  15,  1856, 
commencing  his  present  business  about 
that  time. 
Kelley  R.  A.  clerk. 
Kelsey  J.  L.  depot  agent. 
Kelsey  J.  W.  teacher. 
Kennedy  J.  D.  retired  farmer. 
Kennedy  J.  W.  wagon  manufacturer. 
KENWEDY  B.  G.  Manufacturer  of 
Wagons,  Buggies,  Phaetons,  and  repair- 
ing promptly  done,  located  lower  part  of 
FrankUn  street;  was  born  in  Nova  Scotia, 
Oct.  15,  1848 ;  came  to  this  country  in 
October,  1866,  settling  in  Austin,  Minn., 
and  ihen  came  to  this  county  in  March 
1867.     He  married  Frances  H.  Purdy 
Sept.  15,  1870;  she  was  born  in  Chau- 
tauqua Co.,  N.  Y. 
KEIOTEDY  J.   W.   was    bom    in 
Nova  Scotia   Sept.  9,  1839.     Came  to 
this   country  in   1862,  settling  in  Mc- 
Grregor,   la. ;    came   to  this  county  in 
March,  1875,  and  was  in   partnership 
with  his  brother  for  three  years. 
Kenney  A.  cooper. 
Kenny  Silas,  drayman. 
Kent  Joseph,  laborer. 


KEIVYOX  WM,  G.  of  the  firm  of 
Kenyon  &  Stewart,  Dealers  in  Groceries, 
Crockery,  and  Purchasers  of  Produce, 
Frankhn  street ;  was  born  in  Jefferson 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  3,  1836;  went  to 
Oswego,  N.  Y.,  when  quite  young,  and 
at  the  age  of  20  he  emigrated  to  this 
State,  first  settling  in  Dubuque ;  then 
went  to  Colorado  Territory  for  three 
years  ;  then  he  came  to  this  county  in 
December,  1862,  first  settling  in  this 
city.  Married  Mary  E.  Marvin  Deo. 
31,  1862.  She  was  born  in  Battle 
Creek,  Mich.,  Oct.  31,  1842. 

KEBB  JOHX,  Proprietor  of  the 
Manchester  House,  corner  Delaware  and 
Madison  streets ;  was  born  in  Ireland  • 
and  emigrated  to  this  country,  first  set- 
ling  in  Pittsburgh,  but  after  one  year 
came  to  this  county  and  engaged  in  his 
present  business.  His  rates  to  transients 
are  one  dollar  per  day.  In  connection 
with  the  house  is  a  commodious  barn, 
where  people  will  find  good  protection 
from  the  storm  and  feed  for  their  horses 
at  the  lowest  possible  prices. 

King  C.  carpenter. 

King  M.  S.  cooper. 

Kinney  M.  H.  carpenter. 

Kinney.T.  C.  horse  farrier. 

Klonus  Fred,  saloon. 

Knapp  Wm.  laborer. 

Knickerbocker  Smith,  preacher. 

Kresser  Hugo,  saloon. 

T   OBIN  ANDREW,  farmer. 

Lawman  J.  B.  harness  maker. 
liAWBENCE  JTEWTON  F.  of 

the  firm  of  Lawrence  &  Lister,  Dealers 
in  Hardware,  corner  of  Franklin  and 
Main  sts;,  was  born  in  Cuyahoga,  Ohio, 
March  12,  1843.  When  12  years  of 
age,  his  parents  moved  to  Rockford,  111., 
where  he  married  Helen  Tisdal,  Maroli 
29,  1867,  who  was  born  in  Steuben  Co., 
N.  Y.,  April  20,  1843,  and-  in  April, 
1868,  they  emigrated  to  this  county, 
first  settling  near  this  city.  Mr.  L.  has 
been  engaged  ia  farming,  painting  and 
clerking,  until  April,  1877,  when  he 
commenced  his  present  business. 

Lawrence  S.  S.,  farmer;  S.  8. 

Lee  J.  H.,  laborer. 

liCBOY  M.  f .  Attorney  at  Law, 
whose  portrait  appears  in  this  work,  was 
born  in  Manchester,  Dearborn  Co.,  Ind., 


BELAWABE  TOWNSHIP. 


583 


Jan.  16,  1850;  when  he  was  2  years  of 
age,  his  parents  moved  to  Grundy  Co., 
111.;  at  the  age  of  11,  he  went  to 
Moore's  Hill,  Dearborn  Co.,  Ind.,  and 
remained  there  attending  school  to  the 
age  of  16 ;  he  then  went  to  Illinois,  and 
having  taken  a  course  in  the  Commer- 
cial Department  of  "  Clark  Seminary," 
graduating  in  the  year  1867  ;  the  same 
year  he  came  to  Manchester,  Iowa,  and 
after  remaining  about  a  year,  returned 
to  Moore's  Hill,  Ind.,  graduating  from 
Moore's  Hill  College  with  the  degree  of 

B.  S.;  in  1869,  he  attended  the  State 
University  of  Iowa,  at  Iowa  City,  and 
graduated  from  the  Law  Depurtment 
June  24,  1870,  with  the  degree  of 
LL.  B.,  with  the  right  to  practice  in  all 
the  courts  of  Iowa ;  in  July  of  the  same 
year,  he  returned  to  Manchester,  Iowa, 
as  Cashier  of  the  "  Manchester  Bank," 
and  commenced  the  practice  of  law, 
and  on  the  5th  of  November,  1873, 
formed  aooparcnershipin  the  law  business 
with  Chas.  E.  Bronson,  and  as  sueh  has 
continued  up  to  the  present  time,  hav- 
ing built  up  a  very  large  and  lucrative 
practice.  He  married  Miss  Jennie  P. 
Loomis,  in  Manchester,  Iowa,  June  2, 
1874 ;  she  was  born  in  De  Kalb  Co., 
Jan.  31,  1854;  they  have  two  children 
—Dora  M.,  born  May  14,  1875,  and 
Alma  M.,  born  Aug.  24, 1877. 

Lewis  C.  C,  jewelry. 

LEWIS  DAVID  B.  &  BRO., 

Dealers  in  Jewelry,  Franklin  street; 
was  born  in  Little  Falls,  N.  Y.,  May  14, 
1832.  In  1850,  he  came  to  Waukegan, 
Lake  Co.,  111.,  and  from  there  to  this 
county  in  June,  1857,  where  he  inarried 
Kittie  Manning,  who  was  born  in  An- 
dover,  Mass.,  on  April  1,  1844.     Chas. 

C.  Lewis,  the  senior  member  of  the 
firm,  was  born  in  Schenectady,  N.  Y., 
on  June  4,  1830,  and  came  to  this 
county  in  1855.  The  first  jewelry 
store  opened  in  this  city  was  run  by 
David  in  the  building  now  occupied  by 
Levi  Hills  and  owned  by  Mrs.   Geo. 

I.Il£aGAB  HABBY  S.  Clerk 
Clarence  House;  born  in  Huntsville, 
Ala.,  July  4,  1847  ;  removed  with  his 
parents  to  Hampton,  Va.,  in  1»5^, 
where  he  attended  school;  his  father 
died  in  1858  ;  removed  with  his  mother 


to  Philadelphia  in  1859;  went  to  Fowl- 
ing Creek  in  1860  ;  returned  to  Hamp- 
ton in  the  Spring  of  1861,  arriving  just 
as  the  war  broke  out ;  was  one  of  the 
party  of  about  fifty  young  fellows  who 
helped  to  sink  the  United  States  ships 
of  war  Columbus,  Merrimac,  Raritan, 
Columbia,  Plymouth,  Germantown,  Dol- 
phin and  United  States  in  Ports- 
mouth (Virginia)  Harbor,  April  20, 
1861 ;  was  one  of  the  squad  who  scut- 
tled the  Columbia ;  the  party  were 
known,  and  the  United  States  Marshals 
too  numerous  for  comfort;  Harry  es- 
caped by  crawling  into  the  coal  bin  of 
the  steamer  Georgiana,  from  Norfolk  to 
Baltimore  ;  at  Baltimore,  happening  to 
see  in  the  street  a  man  he  supposed  to 
be  a  United  States  Marshal  from  Ports- 
mouth, he  became  badly  scared  and  left 
for  Havre  de  Grace  in  the  first  train, 
crossed  the  country  on  foot  to  Smyrna, 
Del.,  thence  to  Bridgeville ;  here  he  met 
an  old  schoolmate,  William  Cannon,  son 
of  Gov.  Cannon,  of  Delaware,  who  was 
about  raising  a  regiment  of  cavalry  for 
Union  service ;  young  Cannon  suggested 
to  Harry  that  he  should  aid  him  in  re- 
cruiting a  company  for  the  regiment; 
he  gladly  accepting  the  proposition  as 
escape  fi'om  the  dreaded  Marshals,  and 
feeling  much  relieved,  Harry  aided  in 
raising  Company  B,  enlisted  in  it  as  a 
private,  was  with  Sheridan's  command 
in  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  and  fighting 
Mosby  and  Harry  Gilmore  until  the 
Spring  of  1863,  was  ordered  to  Balti- 
more and  captured  by  Stewart's  Cavalry 
on  the  Westminster  turnpike,  twenty-five 
miles  from  Baltimore  in  June ;  had  just 
drawn  a  new  suit,  and  was  stripped  by  his 
captors  of  everything  except  bhirt  and 
stockings,  and  in  this  condition  was 
marched  to  York,  Pa.,  and  was  prisoner 
of  war  at  Columbia,  Pa.,  when  the 
battle  of  Gettysburg  was  fought ;  soon 
after  was  picked  up  by  Union  patrols 
and  sent  to  his  regiment  at  Washmgton. 
In  the  battle  at  Smoky  Hollow,  in  the 
Fall  of  1863,  his  leg  was  broken  by  a 
wounded  horse  running  against  an  artil- 
lery wheel,  and  went  into  hospital  at 
Alexandria  ;  in  the  Spring  of  1864,  his 
regiment  was  dismounted  and  attached 
to  First  Brigade,  First  Division,  Sixth 
Army  Corps;  was  in  the  memorable  cam- 


584 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


paign  of  the  Wilderness,  battles  of  Cold 
Harbor  and  Petersburg,  and  received  a 
bayonet  wound  in  the  left  side,  at  the 
raid  on  the  Welden  railroad,  was  sent 
to  hospital  at  City  Pointy  thence  to  Bal- 
timore and  > Philadelphia,  and  rejoined 
his  regiment  at  City  Point  in  the  Spring 
of  1865 ;  ordered  to  Washington,  and  on 
the  way  the  transport  boats  in  tow  sank  in 
a  storm,  and  Harry  barely  escaped  to  the 
steamer  over  the  hawser.  At  Washing- 
ton, his  regiment  was  re-organized,  and  in 
a  fight  with  Georgia  cavalry,  at  Monoc- 
acy,  received  a  saber  cut  over  the  left 
eye ;  mustered  out  as  Second  Lieutenant 
September,  1865,  with  only  nineteen  men 
of  his  company  remaining  out  of  106. 
Went  to  Philadelphia  immediately  after 
discharge,  and  entered  the  service  of 
the  Hadden  Manufactfiring  Company 
until  1868,  when  he  went  to  St. 
Paul,  Minn.;  in  18Y0,  went  to  Aus- 
tin, Minn.,  leased  the  Davison  House, 
and  remained  until  December,  1873; 
made  a  trip  to  Philadelphia,  and  returned 
to  Manchester  in  April,  1874,  and  be- 
came the  popular  Clerk  of  the  Clarence 
House.  Married,  October,  1869,  Miss 
Mary  G.  Fisher,  daughter  of  Abel 
Fisher,  of  Philadelphia ;  two  children 
— Annie  Fisher,  born  September,  1870; 
Mary  Or.,  born  October,  1871,  and  died 
November,  1871;  wife  died  Feb.  25, 
1874. 
LISTER  GEORGE  S.,  of  the 
firm  of  Lawrence  &  Lister,  Hardware, 
corner  of  Franklin  and  Main  streets; 
was  born  in  Canada,  Dec.  13,  1851. 
His  father,  Henry  Lister,  was  born  in 
Liverpool,  Eng.,  Nov.  7,  1820,  and 
married  Ann  Lees,  Jan.  14,  1844.  She 
was  born  in  Manchester,  Eng.,  in  May, 
1821.  In  1848,  he  moved  to  Canada, 
where  George  was  born,  and  emigrated 
to  this  county  in  1855.  George  worked 
at  blacksmithing  for  three  years.  Com- 
menced his  present  business  in  April, 

1877.  Married  Ida  E.  Moore,  April  3, 

1878.  She  was  born  in  Kockford,  111., 
March  29,  1856. 

Lister  Henry,  farmer. 

Logston  Joseph,  laborer. 

Long  H.  E.  mfr.  of  wagons. 

IjOOMIS  a.  R.  Capitalist ;  was  born 
at  Milton,  Chittenden  Co.,  Vt.,  June 
28,  1823,  where  he  resided  until  he  was 


20  years  of  age,  when  he  went  to  Dodge 
Co.,  Wis.,  and  after  remaining  there  one 
year,  returned  to  Milton,  Vt.;  in  1852 
he  moved  to  DeKalb  Co.,  111.,  and  was 
engaged  in  farming ;  in  1854,  he  came 
to  Delaware  Co.,  Iowa,  and  settled  at 
Acersville,  where  he  opened  the  first 
store  in  Delaware  Township  ;  the  next 
year  he  moved  his  business  to  Manches- 
ter, where  he  several  years  afterward 
formed  a  copartnership,  first  as  the  firm 
of  Loomis,  Congan  &  Co.,  and  again  as 
Loomis  &  Cornish  ;  he  was  also  a  mem- 
ber of  the  firm  of  Loomis  &  Coles, 
Commission  Merchants  in  Chicago  and 
Dubuque ;  he  retired  from  the  mercan- 
tile business  in  the  year  1863;  in  1868, 
he  was  engaged  in  the  banking  business, 
under  the  name  of  Loomis  &  LeRoy, 
retiring  from  the  business  two  years 
after.  He  was  elected  the  first  Mayor 
of  Manchester,  after  its  incorporation, 
in  1866.  He  married  PhedoraH.  Par- 
melee  Nov.  23,  1845  ;  she  was  born  at 
Colchester,  Vt.,  Feb.  18,  1821 ;  they 
have  five  children — Ettie  P.,  born  July 
8, 1847  ;  Lora  A.,  born  Sept.  13, 1849 ; 
Alma  L.,  born  Jan.  11,  1852 ;  Jennie 
P.,  born  Jan.  31,  1854,  and  Loring  R., 
born  Aug.  29,  1859. 

Loomis  A.  K.  butter  buyer. 

liOOmS  CliARK  C.  Farmer; 
Sec.  27 ;  born  in  Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.  Nov. 
3,  1847 ;  moved  when  quite  young,  with 
his  parents,  to  Oswego  Co.,  N.  Y.;  in 
1865  he  came  to  this  Co.;  returning 
East,  he  married  Lucy  H.  Beadle  ;  she 
was  born  in  Oswego  Co.,  N.  Y.,  June 
23,  1850  ;  two  years  ago,  from  this  date 
(Feb.,  1878),  he  bought  and  moved 
on  his  present  farm  of  _  160  acres  ;  Cora 
and  Mary  J.  are  their  children. 

liOOMIS  IiE.WIS  A.  Dealer  in 
Dry  Goods,  Boots  and  Shoes,  Groce- 
ries, and  Purchaser  of  Butter,  City  Hall 
Block,  Franklin  st.;  was  born  in  Milton, 
Chittenden  Co.,  Vt,  Sept.  21,  1821; 
married  Mary  F.  Hartson,  April  2, 
1843,  who  was  born  in  Danville,  Cale- 
donia Co.,  Vt.,  Oct.  16,  1825;  they 
emigrated  from  Vt.,  to  this  Co.  in  the 
Summer  of  1865,  and  after  working  at 
various  employments  incident  to  a  new 
country,  he  embarked  in  the  produce 
trade,  in  1859,  in  a  small  way,  and  from 
it  has  grown  up  his  present  business. 


DELAWARE  TOWNSHIP. 


585 


Loomis  Oliver,  farmer. 

Love  Allen,  farmer. 

Lucas  Henry,  laborer. 

Lukins  Joseph,  laborer  ;  Sec.  3. 

"\ /TcCARTY  MICHAEL,  laborer. 

McCollnm  Fred,  clerk. 

McCormick  Jas.  farmer ;  Sec.  27. 

McCreadie  G.  E.  laborer. 

McCredie  John,  laborer. 

McDonald  Ichabod,  laborer. 

McFarland  John,  laborer. 

Mcintosh  R.  T.  marble  worker. 

Mcintosh  William,  marble  worker. 

McKay  J-  F.  farmer. 

McLaughlin  James,  laborer. 

Malone  Edward,  blacksmith. 

Mansfield  J.  M.  mason. 

Marchant  Thos.  laborer. 

Marvin  R.  M.  agrl.  implement  dealer. 

Marviii  William,  laborer. 

Mason  Delevan,  laborer. 

Mason  Sanford,  farmer. 

MARTEIf  J.  W.  Proprietor  of  the 
Martin  House,  near  111.  C.  Depot ;  was 
born  Champaign  Co.,  Ohio,  August 
20,  1820  ;  emigrated  to  this  county,  ar- 
riving Sept.  20,  1842,  coming  with 
his  step-mother  and  uncle  ;  they  settled 
in  Ead's  Grove,  where  he  Uved  until  15 
years  ago,  when  he  came  to  this  city ;  mar- 
ried Frances  Frink,  April  8,  1862  ;  she 
wasborn  inWoodstock,Vt.,Dec.  20, 1830. 

Martin  J.  W.  laborer. 

M^artin  Morris,  laborer. 

Ma]?tin  W.  laborer. 

Mathew  E.  F.  tailor. 

MAY  JOHN  W.  Farmer;  See,  5; 
was  born  in  Crawford  Co.,  Pa.,  May  2, 
1824  ;  came  to  Boone  Co.,  111.,  in  1844, 
and  after  six  years'  residence  went  to 
California,  returning  in  four  years  to 
Boone  Co.,  where  he  married  Miranda 
Colvin  Nov.  29,  1855,  who  was  born  in 
Erie  Co.,  N.  Y.,  July  27,  1835;  in  Jan. 
1,  1856,  they  arrived  in  this  county, 
settling  on  their  present  farm ;  they 
started  on  a  visit  to  Boone  Co.,  Pa., 
but  while  in  Belvidere,  their  little 
daughter,  Alice  J.,  died,  and  they  re- 
turned home.  Alice  J.,  born  Nov.  3, 
1856,  and  died  Oct.  11,  1860.  Twin 
boys,  not  named,  born  March  1,  1863, 
and  died  the  same  day ;  A.  Jamie,  born 
Jan.  10,  1864;  Minnie,  Nov.  22,1868, 
are  the  births  and  deaths  of  their  children . 


MEAD  CHAUNCEY  W.   Far  ; 

Sec.  16;  born  in  St.  Joseph  Co.,  Ind., 
Feb.  8,  1835  ;  married  Ruth  A.  Eaton, 
July  29,  1860  ;  she  was  born  in  Cuba, 
Allegany  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  24,1843; 
emigrated  to  this  county  from  native 
country  in  1853,  settling  on  his  present 
farm  with  his  father,  Allen  Mead,  who 
died  here  Dec.  9,  1866 ;  he  was  an  old 
and  respected  citizen  of  this  county. 

Mead  G.  W.  farmer,  Sec.  16. 

MEAD  WIIiM AM,  Farmer;  Sec. 
16 ;  born  in  Dearborn  Co.,  Ind.,  June 
7,  1826.  Moved  with  parents,  in  1834, 
to  Henry  Co.,  Ind.,  and  to  St.  Joseph 
Co.  in  1835.  Married  Louis  A.Webster, 
May  1,  1850,  who  was  born  in  Coopers- 
town,  Otsego  Co.,  N.  Y.,  June  30, 
1828.  They  emigrated  to  Monticello, 
Jones  Co.,  Iowa,  in  1853,  and  were 
among  the  pioneer  settlers  of  that 
county.  Came  to  this  county  in  the 
Spring  of  1878,  settling  on  their  farm 
of  210  acres. 

Merrill  G.  E.  laborer. 

Merrill  W.  F.  clerk. 

MEBBY  JOHN  F.  (of  the  firm  of 
Merry  &  Goodell,  Dealers  in  Dry  Goods, 
Clothing,  Boots,  Shoes  and  Purchasers  of 
Butter,  Franklin  St.)  ;  born  in  Sum- 
mit Co.,  Ohio,  March  24, 1844.  Came 
to  this  county  in  Oct.,  1857  ;  enlisted 
in  the  21st  Iowa  V.  I.  in  1861,  and 
again  in  1864,  in  the  46th  Iowa  V.  I. 
Commenced  business  in  this  city  in 
1868  ;  married  Emma  J.  Cattron, 
Nov.  26,  1866.  She  was  born  iri  West- 
ville.  La  Porte  Co.,  Ind.,  May  2,  1846. 
Mr.  H.  Goodell,  the  junior  partner  of 
the  firm,  was  born  in  Westminster, 
Windham  Co.,  Vt.,  July  1,  1837. 
When  quite  young,  moved  to  Lowell, 
Mass.,  and  to  this  county  in  1858,  first 
settling  in  Honey  Creek,  Tp.  Enlisted 
in  the  12th  Iowa  V.  I.  in  1864,  serving 
one  year.  Came  to  this  city  in  1872. 
Married  May  4,  1869,  Margaret  E. 
Nicholson,  who  was  born  in  Pennsylva- 
nia Sept.  21,1847. 

MEBWE*  HENRY  M.  Farmer; 
Sec.  34  ;  was  born  in  Connecticut  in 
1820,  and  lived  there  until  1863,  then 
came  to  Dubuque,  Iowa,  where  he  lived 
three  years,  when  he  came  to  this  coun- 
ty •  in  1860,  was  married  to  AUce  Buck- 
in4am,  of  Connecticut;  has  seven  chil- 


586 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY : 


dren — Lucy  B.,  Charles  M.,  Minnie  A., 
Henry  B.,  George  M.,  Albert  T.,  Fran- 
cis M.  ;  Republican  ;  Methodist ;  owns 
260  acres  of  land. 

Meserve  S.  B.  carpenter. 

Millett  A.  J),  laborer. 

Millett  C.  G.  farmer,  Sec.  9. 

Millett  Lee  S.  laborer. 

Mills  C.  B.  photographer. 

Mohr  M.  C.  bridge  builder. 

MOORE  AliONSON  O.  Clerk ; 
was  born  in  Troy,  Bradford  Co.,  Pa., 
Sept.  22,  1830  ;  at  the  age  of  15  years, 
he  moved  to  Elmira,  N.  Y.,  residing 
there  two  years,  and  then  to  Corning 
and  Hornellsville,  where  he  married ; 
emigrated  to  Kookford,  111.,  where  he 
resided  eight  years,  and  from  there  to 
Woodstock,  111. ;  enlisted  in  the  95th 
111.  V.  I.,  serving  three  years  ;  came  to 
this  county  at  the  close  of  the  war  ; 
married  Huldah  A.  Cleaveland,  Nov.  10, 
1855  ;  (-he  was  born  in  Steuben  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  Sept.  18, 1835. 

Moore  Mortimer,  laborer. 

Morris  Thos.  laborer. 

Mosher  Geo.  laborer. 

Mosher  S.  P.  laborer. 

Mosher  Tunis,  laborer. 

MUCKLER  FRANCIS  O.  Far.; 
Sec.  26  ;  born  in  Lamoille  County,  Vt., 
Oct.  26,  1835 ;  at  the  age  of  17,  he 
moved  to  Middlesex  Co.,  Mass.,  where 
he  married  EUena  M.  Saurin,  Oct.  9, 
1858,  who  was  born  in  Somerset  Co., 
Mass.,  Aug.  3,  183Y  ;  emigrated  to  this 
county,  settling  in  Milo  in  May,  1861  , 
moved  to  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  where  they 
livfd  five  years,  when  they  returned  to 
this  county,  settling  in  Manchester ; 
came  to  his  present  farm  in  the  Pall 
of  1876. 

MUSfSOllir  HANSEL,  Farm.;  Sec. 
8 ;  was  born  in  Westfield,  Chautauqua 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  25,  1830 ;  emigrated 
to  this  county  in  March,  1854,  settling 
in  this  township ;  married  Carrie  Eaton, 
Nov.  21,  1859,  who  was  bom  in 
Allegany  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  28,  1841 ; 
moved  on  their  present  farm  in  1865  ; 
Freddie  H.  is  their  only  child. 
'XT  ELSON  JOSEPH,  carpenter. 

Nethercutt  John. 
Newcomb  C.  H.  clerk. 
Newcomb  Enos,  farmer;  Sec.  10. 


NEWCOMB  EDG-AR  E.  Dentist, 
born  in  Susquehanna  Co.,  Pa.,  May  4, 
1846.  Enlisted  in  Co.  D,  50th  Pa.  V. 
I.,  in  1864,  serving  until  the  close  of 
the  war.  Married  Frances  Wheelook, 
Oct.  4,  1865 ;  she  was  born  in  Wyo- 
ming Co.,  Pa.,  April  10,  1846.  They 
emigrated  to  this  county,  and  have  been 
engaged  in  farming  until  the  past  two 
years,  which  have  been  devoted  to  his 
profession.  He  took  a  trip,  in  1872, 
through  Nebraska  and  Kansas,  looking 
at  the  country  in  view  of  future  settling. 

Newcomb  F.  M.  clerk. 

Newcomb  Israel,  gardener. 

Newcomb  Uri,  laborer. 

Newham  J.  W.  blacksmith. 

Nix  J.  R.  hotel. 

Noble  A.  C.  music  dealer. 

Noble  J.  L.  farmer.  Sec.  22. 

Nugent  J.  P.  Catholic  Priest. 

BRIEN  P.  R.  cigar  manufacturer. 


O' 


O'Brien  Patrick,  laborer, 

Ohl  John,  laborer. 

Olcutt  Emery.,  laborer.. 

Oliner  John,  harness  maker. 

Olmstead  E.  S.  laborer. 

Orvis  F.  W.  laborer. 

Otis  Clytus,  manufacturer  of  harness. 

OTIS  JOHN,  of  the  firm  of  John 
Otis  &  Son,Manufacturers  of  and  Dealers 
in  Harness,  Saddles,  Collars,  etc.,  Frank- 
lin street ;  was  born  inv  Isle  of  Man, 
Sept.  20,  1808.  Married  Alice  Futers, 
who  was  born  in  Newcastle,  England, 
and  died  in  1859.  Again  married  Ee- 
becca  Dow,  who  was  born  in  Ireland. 
In  September,  1828,  Mr.  0.  came  to 
this  country,  first  settling  in  Utiea,  N. 
Y.;  but  after  one  year  wentto  Syracuse, 
N.Y.;  then  to  Clyde  and  Buffalo,  N.Y.; 
then  going  to  St.  Catharine,  Brantford 
and  Hamilton,  Canada.  After  which  he 
emigrated  to  Michigan  in  1838,  and  to 
this  city  in  1856  ;  commenced  business 
here  in  1873. 

TDADDOCK  DANIEL,  carpenter. 

Paddock  Edward,  teacher. 
Palmer  H.  S.  merchant. 
Parish  John,  renter,  Sec.  7. 
Patrick  B.  H.  laborer. 
Patton  W.  H.  renter,  Sec.  25. 
PAXSON   CHARLES,   Banker, 
Franklin  street;  resides  Madison  street; 


DELAWARE  TOWNSHIP. 


587 


born  in  Philadelphia  County,  Pa., 
Feb.  16,  1824;  the  youngeist  of  three 
sons  and  four  daughters  of  Charles 
and  Mercy  Paxson  ;  removed  with  his 
parents  to  Franklin  Township,  Chester 
County,  Pa.,  in  the  Spring  of  1831  ; 
remained  at  home  on  the  farm  until  the 
Spring  of  1851,  when  he  removed  to 
Cecil  County,  Md.,  and  engaged  in  mer- 
cantile business  with  his  brother  Lewis ; 
closed  business  there  in  the  Spring  of 

1856,  and  formed  a  copartnership  with 
his  brother  Lewis  and  brother-in-law 
W.  S.  Thompson,  and  W.  H.  Seeds, 
under  the  firm  name  of  "Paxson,  Thomp- 
son &  Seeds ;"  removed  to  Dubuque 
with  the  other  junior  partner,  Seeds, 
and  engaged  in  lumber  business,  under 
the  same  firm  name  ;  in   the   Pall   of 

1857,  established  a  branch  yard  at  Man- 
chester, Iowa ;  removed  permanently  to 
Manchester  the  following  Fall  and  en- 
gaged in  mercantile  business,  also  in  the 
grain  and  live  stock  trade ;    in  1867, 
W.  8.  Thompson  retired  from  the  firm 
and  they  relinquished  the  lumber  busi- 
ness ;  purchased  one-half  interest  in  the 
property  known  as  Acers'  Mill,  and  at 
once  completed  a  new  building,  then  in 
course   of    construction,  giving  it   the 
name  of  the  "  Quaker  Mill,"  which  they 
soon  had  in  successful  operation  ;    this 
mill  was  destroyed  by  fire  May  6, 1869 ; 
purchased  the  interest  of   Mr.  Acres, 
after  the  fire,  and  immediately  proceeded 
to  rebuild  the  present  mill,  which  they 
still  operate;    in  the  Spring  of  1872, 
Mr.  Lewis  Paxson  retired  from  the  firm, 
since  which  time  the  business  has  been 
transacted  under  the  firm  name  of  Pax- 
son &  Seeds ;    still  continues  in  active 
business  in  milling,  grain  and  live  stock. 
In  the  Fall  of  1851,  was  married  to 
Sarah,  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Deborah 
Chambers,   of    New    Garden,    Chester 
County,  Pa.     Mrs.  Paxson  joined  her 
husband  in  Dubuque  in  the  Spring  of 
1857,  but  enjoyed  her  new  home  a  little 
less  than  one    year,  and   died   in   the 
Spring  of  1857  ;   had  three  children- 
Deborah,  Joseph  C.  and  Lewis  C.  ;  the 
latter  being  the  only  one  now  living,  the 
others   having   died   in   their   infancy. 
Married  Mary  J.,  daughter  of  Thomas 
and  Margaret  Williams,  of  Pecatetiica, 
111.;  have  had  seven  children — Ellen  M., 


Sarah,  Anna,  Susan,  Charles  H.,  Emma 
and   Ruthana ;    all   are  living,   except 
Anna,  who  died  in  her  third  year.     Has 
been  identified  with  all  the  public  enter- 
prises of  the  town,  having  been  a  resi- 
dent when   it  was  in  its  infancy ;    has 
been  a  member  of  the  School   Board 
for  the  greater  portion  of  the  time  for 
the  last  twenty  years,  and  has  been  its 
President  for  a  number  of  years ;  was  a 
member  of  the  first  Town  Council,  and 
has   served   several   times   since ;    is  a 
member  of  the  present  Board  ;  was  one 
of  the  original  organizers  of  the  Dela- 
ware County  Bank,  and  has  served  as 
Vice   President  since  its  organization ; 
has  engaged  several  times  in  farming,  in 
which   he  has  been  no  less  successful 
than  in  other  pursuits. 
Paxson  Lewis,  retired. 
Paxson  L.  C.  grain  buyer. 
Pentony  Henry,  harness  maker. 
Pentony  William,  carpenter. 
Percival  Henry,  laborer. 
Peers  C.  C.  laborer. 
Perkins  Charles,  cattle  buyer. 
Phillips  Jacob,  cabinet  maker, 
pierce  Daniel,  mason, 
pierce  G.  G.  clerk. 
Pilkington  Peter,  laborer. 
POUND    GEOROE   F.    Farmer, 
Sec.  3 ;  was  born  in   Brie   Co.,   N.  Y., 
June  5,  1817;  married  Mary  J.  John- 
son, Feb.  17,  1845  ;  she  was  born   in 
Boston,  Brie  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  18,1824, 
and  died   June  15,    1875;  Mr.  Pound 
moved  to  N.  J.  when  16  years  old  and 
after  7  years  returned  to  N.   Y. ;  came 
to  this  county  in  Sept.  27, 1861,  settling 
in  Adams  Tp.,  Sec.  12,  and  came  to  this 
township  in  Sept.,   1874;    married   to 
second  wife,  Mary  E.  Stone,  on  July  4, 
1876,  who  was   born   in  Dubuque  Co., 
Iowa,  July  15,  1848  ;  owns  978  acres 
of  land. 
Pound  S.  S.,  farmer. 

POTTER.  D.  S.,  Farmer;  S.  25; 
born  in  Saratoga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  May  2, 
1824.  When  about  three  years  old,  he, 
with  parents,  moved  to  Granville,  Wash- 
incHon  Co.,  N.  J.,  and  at  the  age  of  six 
we°nt  to  Erie  Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  he  mar- 
ried Laura  A.  Brayton,  July  9,  1851. 
She  was  born  in  Washington  Co.,  JN. 
Y  Feb.  5,  1829.  They  emigrated  to 
this   county   on   Sept.   27,  1851,  first 


588 


DIEECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


settling  on  his  present  farm,  consisting 
of  200  acres. 

Potter  W.  W.,  farmer,  S.  35. 

Pullman  Nathaniel,  prtaoher. 

Purdy  K.  W.,  carpenter. 

Purvis  Anderson,  carpenter. 

PUTXAM  HEWRY  H.  Farmer; 
S.  14  ;  born  in  Lee,  Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y., 
Jan.  6,  1833.  In  1865,  he  came  to 
this  county,  arriving  in  March.  He 
afterward  went  to  Cedar  Co.,  where  he 
married  Elvira  Stanclift,  on  Sept.  3, 
1868,  who  was  born  in  Collins,  Erie 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  12,  1837.  Herbert 
H.  and  Edward  A.  are  their  children. 
Khoba  Stanclift,  mother  of  Mr.  Put- 
nam, was  born  March  10,  1799,  and  re- 
sides a  portion  of  her  time  with  her 
daughter. 

Putnam  S.  W.,  laborer. 

TDADCLIPPE  JOHN,  sewing  agent. 

RAIVN  H.  li.  editor  Press. 

RAYMOND  ALBERT,  Parmer ; 
Sec.  5  ;  was  born  in  Jackson  Co.,  Mich., 
March  5,  1830 ;  came  from  native  Co. 
to  this  in  June,  1849,  settling  in  this 
Township,  where  he  married  Matilda 
Scott,  on  Oct.  3,  1852 ;  she  was  bom 
in  Schenectady,  Schenectady  Co.,  N.  Y., 
July  24,  1834  ;  they  are  among  the  old 
settlers  of  this  Co.;  Ella  and  Charles 
J.  are  their  children. 

Kaymond  Augustine,  laborer. 

Raymond  Augustus,  laborer. 

Reardon  Daniel,  laborer. 

REYXOIiDS  BENJAMIN  H. 
31.  D.  Physician  and  Surgeon,  Frank- 
lin St.;  was  bom  in  Green  Co.,  N.  Y., 
July  22,  1839  ;  when  about  ten  years 
old  he  moved  to  La  Porte  Co.,  Ind.; 
in  1860,  moved  to  Kankakee  Co.,  111., 
where  he  enlisted  in  the  76th  111.  V.  I., 
in  Aug.,  1862,  serving  nearly  three 
years  ;  returning  home  after  the  war,  he 
attended  college  at  Ann  Arbor,  Mich., 
after  which  he  came  to  this  Co.  in 
March,  1866,  settling  in  Masonville;  on 
March  6,  1872,  he  graduated  ^nd  re- 
ceived his  diploma  from  the  Iowa  State 
University ;  came  to  this  city  in  1873, 
where  he  has  been  engaged  in  the  prac- 
tice of  medicine ;  married  Jennie  Peter- 
son, in  Ind.,  Feb.  9,  1865  ;  she  was 
born  near  Xenia,  Green  Co.,  Ohio. 

Rich  Luke,  meat  market. 


Riddell  Alex,  merchant. 
Riddell  D.  F.  merchant. 
Riddell  William,  merchant., 
RIDDELiIi  BROS.  Dealers  in  Dry 
Goods,  Groceries,  Boots  and  Shoes,  and 
Purchasers  of  Produce,  Butter  a  spe- 
cialty. Main  street;  David  F.,  Alexander 
and  William  ara  the  members  of  the 
firm ;  David  F.  was  born  in  St.  Lawrence 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  19,  1847,  and  married 
Cordelia  C.  Dygert,  Sept.  15,  1875; 
she  was  born  in  St.  Lawrence  Co.,  N. 
Y. ;  the  two  senior  partners  commenced 
business  in  this  city  in  Sept.,  1869,  on 
Franklin  street,  doing  a  small  business, 
but  now  have  built,  on  Main  street,  a 
store  22x115  feet,  and  are  one  of  the 
firms  of  the  city. 

ROBBING  JOSEPH  W.,  M.  D. 
was  born  in  Medway,  Norfolk  Co.,  Mass., 
Nov.  12,  1809  ;  went  with  his  parents 
to  Chenango  Co.  N.  Y.,  at  1  year  old, 
and  in  1827,  moved  to  Cortland  Co., 
N.  Y.,  and  after  residing  in  Cortland 
and  Otsego  Counties,  he  commenced 
the  study  of  medicine  in  the  oreneva 
Medical  College,  and  graduated  in  1843  ; 
practiced  medicine  in  Cayuga  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  nine  years,  and  in  1852,  came  to  this 
county,  settling  in  Colesburg,  and  to 
this  city  in  1855  ;  married  in  Cayuga 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  24,  1848,  to  Hepsiba 
M.  Reeves,  who  was  born  in  Milan, 
Cayuga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  27,  1829. 

ROBJDVSOIV  JOHlVSOllir,  Farm- 
er, Sec.  20  ;  born  in  Ireland,  Dec.  14, 
1829  ;  came  to  this  country  when  about 
20  years  old,  settling  in  Pittsburgh,  Pa., 
where  he  married  Mary  Anderson  in 
April,  1855,  who  was  born  in  Ireland, 
Nov.  15,  1833 ;  came  to  this  county 
from  Pittsburgh  Nov.  3,  1854,  settling 
in  Prairie  Township,  and  was  the  thu-d 
settler  in  that  township ;  came  to  his 
present  farm  of  205  acres  in  1865. 
While  living  in  Prairie  Township,  four 
of  their  children  died  in  one  week. 

Robinson  T.  T.  horse  dealer. 

Rothschild  J.  clothier. 

Rowley  Cerenus,  farmer.  Sec.  1. 

Rowley  Parker,  farmer.  Sec.  11. 

BOWIiE  Y  ALiONZO,  Blacksmith, 
Sec,  16  ;  was  born  iu  Chautauqua  Co., 
N.  Y.,  Sept.  24,  1822.  Married  Huldy 
Jane  Wilcox  in  New  York,  who  died 
May  10,  1861.     Married  Sarah  Ferris 


DELAWARE  TOWNSHIP. 


589 


in  February,  1862.  Emigrated  to  this 
State,  settling  in  Fairfield,  Jefferson 
County,  in  1856  ;  came  to  this  county 
in  the  Spring  of  1858. 

Ruggles,  H.  M.  agricultural  implements. 

BVGGIiES  l^OBIiE,  Deafer  in 
Agricultural  Implements  and  General 
County  Agent  for  Buckeye  Reaper  and 
Mower ;  was  born  in  Broome  Co.,  N.  Y., 
April  12,  1821.  In  1840  he  moved  to 
Athens,  Bradford  Co.,  Pa.,  where  he 
married  Elizabeth  Morgan,  May  20, 
1847 ;  she  was  born  in  Wysox,  Brad- 
ford County,  Pa.,  May  13,  1827.  In 
1857,  he  emigrated  to  Manchester,  la.; 
in  the  Pall  of  1858  he  commenced 
building  fanning-mills,  and  in  the 
Spring  of  1859  sold  a  Kirby  reaper  and 
mower,  to  A.  R.  Loomis,  the  first  one 
shipped  west  of  the  Mississippi  River. 
From  this  small  trade  grew  out  a  busi- 
ness which  exceeded  $75,000  in  1869. 

Rule  H.  W.  bookkeeper. 

BVSSELIi  DANIEIi,  Rev.  Par ; 
Sec.  34;  was  born  in  New  York  in 
1824,  and  lived  there  until  he  was  forty 
years  old,  at  which  time  he  came  to  this 
county  ;  was  Pastor  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  thirty  years,  and  officiated  in 
Manchester  fiVe  years ;  was  married  to 
Maria  Hunter,  of  Steuben  Co.,  N.  Y., 
by  which  marriage  he  had  two  children 
— Henry  H.  and  Grace.  In  1857, 
married  Mrs.  Mary  J.  Wood,  of  New 
York  ;  they,  have  five  children — Hanson 
W.,  Mary,'  Elizabeth,  Herbert  S.  and 
Daniel.  Republican  ;  owns  281  acres 
of  land. 

Russell  J.  R.  miller. 

Russell  Wm.  renter. 

RYAN  DENNIS,  Attorney  at  Law 
and  Notary  Public ;  was  born  in  Salem 
Co.,  N.  J.,  Aug.  9,  1846 ;  his  parents, 
Patrick  and  Margaret  Ryan,  emigrated 
from  Ireland  in  1844  ;  and  moved  from 
Salem  to  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  in  1850,  and 
moved  from  there  to  Iowa  City,  Iowa, 
in  1852,  where  Dennis  attended  a  Cath- 
olic school  until  Oct,,  1855,  when  his 
parents  moved  to  Buchanan  Co.,  Iowa, 
where  Dennis  had  to  be  content  with  a 
country  school ;  in  1862,  he  went  to  St. 
.  Louis,  Mc,  and  enlisted  in  the  Civil 
Engineer  Corps,  and  was  sent  from  there 
to  Duval's  Bluff,  Ark.,  and  there  raised 
to  the  rank  of  Second   Lieutenant  in 


Oct.  of  thkt  year  under  Capi,  Windle' 
of  the  21st  111.  Inf ,  under  command  of 
Gen.  Shilor,  in  the  7th  Army  Corps ; 
on  April  13,  1875,  he  was  honorably 
discharged,  and  came  back  to  Delaware 
Co. ;  stayed  a  short  while  and  went  to 
Ottawa,  111.,  where  he  attended  school 
until  the  Fall  of  1867,  when  he  returned 
to  Delaware  Co.,  and  improved  a  farm, 
and  worked  the  same  for  three  years ; 
then  went  to  Chicago  and  worked  at  the 
carpenter  trade  ;  returned  again  to  Dela- 
ware Co.,  Iowa,  and  commenced  the 
study  of  law  in  the  office  of  Griffin  & 
Crosby,  on  Dec.  3,  1875,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  on  March  6,  1877, 
and  is  now  permanently  located  at  Man- 
chester, Iowa. 

Ryan  D.  S.  farmer.  Sec.  21. 

Ryan  Henry  L.  farmer.  Sec.  21. 

Ryan  P.  H.  school  teacher. 
"  ABIN  H.  J.  Farmer,  Sec.  5. 


s 


SABIX  HIRAM  W.  Farmer,  Sec. 

5,  was  born  in  Cuyahoga  Co.,  0.,  June 
8,  1848,  came  to  this  county  with  his 
parents  in  March,  1869,  and  married 
Eva  Gates,  Dec.  27,  1872;  she  was 
born  in  Cuyahoga  Co.,Dec.  27,1852.  They 
have  two  children — Charles,  born  Nov. 

6,  1863  ;  Harry,  March  13,  1877. 
SARIN  NATHANIEIi  C.  Farm- 
er, Sec.  5;  was  born  in  Onondaga  Co., 
N.  Y.,  April  22,  1819,  emigrated  to 
Cuyahoga  Co.,  0.,  in  1838,  and  married 
Laura  Marlett,  Dec.  6,  1842,  who  was 
born  in  Salina,  Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y., 
Oct.  5,  1825,  and  died  March  4,  1852. 
Again  married  Octava  D.  Rudd,  Oct. 
28,  1852,  who  was  born  in  Jefferson 
Co.,  Feb.  26,  1831.  Came  to  this 
county  in  March  1869,  settling  on  their 
present  farm.  Mary  0.,  Definis  G.,  Hi- 
ram W.,  Thomas  M.,  Hermon  J.,  Laura 
0.,  Willard  C,  Myron  H.,  Maud  0.  are 
their  children.  

SANBORN  CUMMINGS,  Mayor 
of  Manchester;  was  born  in  Norfolk,  St. 
Lawjence  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  7,  1824. 
His  father  moved  to  Louisville,  same 
county,  in  1829,  where  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  resided  until  Nov.,  1852, 
when  he  went  to  Saratoga  Springs,  N. 
Y  and  in  1855,  was  appointed  Manager 
of 'the  Saratoga  Water  Cure.  On  Feb. 
28, 1860,  he  married  Martha  A:  French, 


690 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY : 


who  was  born  in  Prootorsville,  Vermont, 
Oct.  25, 1822,  and  died  March  29,  1872. 
Kesigning  his  position  at  the  "Springs," 
with  a  view  of  settling  in  a  new  country, 
he  accordingly  carried  out  this  plan  by  em- 
igrating to  Iowa,  settling  in  Earlville, 
this  county,  in  1861.  After  keeping 
the  hotel  for  two  years,  he  was  appointed 
Postmaster,  which  office  he  held  from 
1864  to  1868,  together  with  the  offices 
of  Township  Supervisor  and  Justice  of 
the  Peace ;  he  was  nominated  as  the  Re- 
publican candidate  for  the  House  of 
Representatives,  Iowa  Legislature,  and 
was  elected  in  the  Fall  of  1867,  and  re- 
elected in  1869;  in  1870,  he  bought 
the  SuR  office,  at  Earlville,  and  the  fol- 
lowing year  moved  it  to  Delhi,  but  sold 
out,  in  1872,  to  J.  B.  Swinburne,  com- 
ing to  Manchester,  and  buying  the  Man- 
chester Press  on  July  1,  1873  ;  this  he 
sold  on  July  1,  1875.-  Married  Ann 
M.  Dunham,  widow  of  Francis  W.  Dun- 
ham, on  Nov.  4,  1875  ;  she  was  born  in 
Bakersfield,  Vt.,  on  Dec.  17,  1835. 
In  1877,  Mr.  Sanborn  was  elected  May- 
or of  Manchester,  and  re-elected  in  the 
Spring  of  1878. 

SCHEIiliEVG  WM.  Far.;  was  born 
in  Sharon,  Mercer  Co.,  Pa.,  Dec.  30, 
1816;  remained  at  home  working  on 
the  farm  until  the  Fall  of  1837,  when 
he  went  to  Kentucky,  returning  the 
next  Spring ;  on  May  5,  1842,  married 
Mary  Stambaugh,  who  was  born  in 
Youngstown,  Trumbull  Co.,  Ohio,  Deo. 
6,  1821  ;  in  the  Spring  of  1855,  came 
to  this  State,  coming  the  entire  distance 
by  wagon,  and  settled  on  Sec.  27,  where 
he  has  re.«ided  ever  since ;  have  five 
children — John  S.,  James  K  ,  Samuel 
B.,  Sarah  E.  and  Laura  A.;  John  S. 
died  Sept.  16,'  1875;  Dem.;  Indepen- 
dent. 

Scott  Cornelius,  carpenter. 

Scott  Jesse  D.  laborer. 

8cott  John  M.  laborer. 

Scott  J.  S.  L.  laborer. 

Seaman  H.  C.  carpenter. 

Seeds  Edward  P.  lawyer. 

Seeds  W.  H.  Cashier  of  bank. 

Stetter  Albert,  clerk. 

SEWARD  AliBERT  O.  Farmer ; 
Sec.  13 ;  was  born  in  Ontario  Co., 
N.  Y.,  June  18,  1842.  Emigrated  to 
Michigan  in    Oct.,  1863,  but   the  year 


following  came  to  this  county,  arriving 
Jan.  31,  1864;  two  years  thereafter,  he 
returned  to  Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y.  Mar- 
ried Mary  A.  Annis,  April  8,  1866, 
who  was  born  in  Cattaraugus  Co.,N.Y., 
April  24,  1848.  He  came  to  this 
county  the  following  Spring,  settling  on 
his  present  farm.  Children — Meredith 
A.,  Mary  A. 

SHEAR  ISAAC,  Farmer,  Sec.  14; 
was  born  in  Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  1, 
1834  ;  married  Melvina  Patterson,  Sept. 
8,  1856,  who  was  born  in.St.  Lawrence 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  6,  1837;  came  to  this 
county  from  native  State  March  14, 
1867,  first  settling  in  this  township; 
Jennie  J.,  Cora  E.,-  Ella  May,  Wilber 
J.,  Glen  C.  are  their  children. 

SHEIiDElV  AWSON,  Livery  and 
Feed  Stable,  Main  st. ;  born  in  Adams, 
Mass.,  Feb.,  9,  1825  ;  with  his  parents, 
left  his  native  county  when  four  years- 
old,  going  to  Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.,  where, 
on  Feb.  17,  1846,  he  married  Susan  M. 
Bronson,  who  was  born  in  Oneida  Co., 
N.  Y.,  May  10, 1838  ;  they  emigrated  to 
this  county,  settling  in  Honey  Creek 
Tp. ;  but  the  following  year  came  to  this 
city ;  three  years  ago  he  erected  a  barn, 
built  of  stone  and  brick,  66x115  feet. 

Shelden  Benj.  farmer. 

Shelden  M.  W.  livery  stable. 

SHERMA?^  WAI.TER  B.,  M. 
D.  one  of  the  firm  of  Bradley  &  Sherman, 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Franklin  st. ; 
was  born  in  Steuben  County,  N.  Y.,' 
Nov.  22,  1831 ;  when  about  six  years 
old,  he,  with  his  parents,  moved  to 
Brunswick,  Medina  Co.,  Ohio,  where  he 
married  Sallie  8.  Benjamin,  on  Jan.  20, 
1859  ;  she  was  born  in  Brunswick, 
Medina  Co.,  Ohio,  March  18,  1840; 
entered  the  Cleveland  Medical  College 
in  Oct.,  18t)8,  and  graduated  in  Feb., 
1870 ;  came  to  this  county  in  July,  1862 ; 
Cora  E.,  Mertie  E.  and  Ella  A.  are  their 
children. 

Sherwood  A.  M.  traveling  agent. 

SHEW  AliOIVZO,  Retired  Far.; 
was  born  in  Northampton,  Montgomery 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  March  12,  1807;  in  1823, 
he  went  to  Jefferson  Co.,  N.  Y.,  where 
he  worked  at  his  trade,  that  of  carpen- 
ter and  joiner ;  married  Sarah  N.  Wiley, 
April  3,  1838,  who  was  born  in  Che- 
nango   Co.,   N.  Y.,   March  10,  1815; 


DELAWARE  TOWNSHIP. 


591 


they  emigrated  to  Sterling  City,  White- 
side Co.,  111.,  in  1855,  and  to  thiscounty 
in  the  Spring  of  1863,  settling  in 
Adams  Township  ;  here  Mrs.  Shew  died, 
July  25, 1874;  Mr.  S.  came  to  this  city 
in  1869. 

Sheeley  Michael,  laborer. 

Simpson  A.  J.  shoemaker. 

SKIX?fER  BENJAMIN  F. 
Tinner ;  was  born  in  Middlebury,  Elk- 
hart Co.,  Ind.,  Deo.  3,  1842 ;  came 
from  native  Co.  to  this  county  in  No- 
vember, 1853,  with  his  parents;  en 
listed  in  1st  Iowa  Cavalry  Aug.  15, 
1861,  and  honorably  discharged  on 
Sept.  13,  1864 ;  was  in  battles  at  Mil- 
ford,  Silver  Creek,  Prairie  Grove  and 
Little  Rock  ;  he  married  Luella  Dillon, 
June  27,  1869,  who  was  born  in  Du- 
buque Co.,  Iowa,  Dec.  6.  1852. 
an  Alex,  farmer;  Sec.  9. 

Sloan  Elias,  laborer ;  Sec.  9. 

Sloan  John,  laborer. 

SlyJ.  D.  farmer.  Sec.  16. 

Sly  Luman,  laborer,  Sec.  16. 

Small  William,  preacher. 

SMITH  AVERY,  Farmer;  was 
born  in  Hinsdale,  Cattaraugus  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  April  25,  1832.  He  came  to  this 
county  about  22  years  ago,  but  returned 
to  the  East,  after  which  he  moved  to 
Hillsdale  Co.,  Mich.,  where  he  married 
Lucretia  J.  Cross,  Dec.  5,  1872. 
She  was  born  in  New  York  in  March 
29, 1845 ;  immigrated  to  this  county, 
settling  on  their  present  farm  in  June, 
1874.  Eddie  A.  and  Eveline  L.  are 
their  children. 

Smith  C.  S.  farmer;  S.  2. 

Smith  Henry,  clerk. 

Smith  John,  laborer. 

Smith  Patrick,  laborer. 

Smith  Peter,  laborer. 

Smith  R.  E.  laborer. 

Smally  S.  L.  laborer. 

Snyder  George,  cigar  maker. 

Snyder  P.  H.  cigar  maker. 

Somers  W.  0.  farmer. 

Spangler  H.  C.  clerk. 

Spangler  W.   H.,  sew.  mach.  agt.;  S.  3. 

Steadman,  Geo.  W.  Mason. 

STEADMAN  SAMUEIi,  Manu- 
facturer and  Dealer  in  Harness,  Saddles 
and  Collars,  Franklin  street ;  was  born  in 
CharlottetowD,  Priuce  Edward's  Island, 
March  13,  1845.     At  the    age    of  9, 


he,  with  parents,  emigrated  to  LaSalle 
Co.,  111.,  and  after  nine  years'  residence 
went  to  Lee  Co.,  111.  In  1867,  he  came 
to  this  county,  first  settling  in  this  city 
Dec.  6,  1870.  He  married  Rebecca 
Burington,  who  was  born  in  Lewiston, 
Lake  Co.,  111.,  on  March  19,  1848. 
Commenced  business  first  under  the 
firm  name  of  Eaton  &  Steadman,  but 
dissolved  partnership  in  April,  1877. 

Steele  W.  H.  laborer. 

Stevens  M.  S.  mason. 

STEVENS  JAMES  H.  Retired 
Methodist  Minister ;  present  occupation 
farmer,  Sec.  32  ;  was  born  in  Wells, 
Rutland  Co.,  Vt.,  Aug.  10,  1811 ;  he 
joined  the  Methodist  Conference  which 
embraced  a  portion  of  Vermont  and  New 
Hampshire,  in  1833 ;  married  Pedee 
Cooley  July  16,  1837,  who  was  born  in 
Grafton  Co.,  N.  H.,  Dec.  22,  1811 ; 
after  fourteen  years  of  ministerial  labor, 
he  located  on  account  of  his  health  and 
in  1 867,  they  came  to  this  county  set- 
tling on  their  presentfarm  ;  their  young- 
est and  only  living  son  went  to  the  South 
during  the  Rebellion,  engaging  in  a  work 
pertaining  to  the  Frcedmen,  and  died  in 
six  month  after  entering  upon  his  duties. 

Stevens  William,  laborer. 

STEWART  AL.  EMERSON, 
of  the  firm  of  Keny  on  &  Stewart,  Dealers 
in  Groceries,  Crockery,  and  Purchasers  of 
Produce,  Franklin  street ;  was  born  in 
Mt.  Carroll,  Carroll  Co.,  111.,  March  29, 
1845;  when  quite  young,  moved  to 
Savanna,  111.,  and  in  1855,  came  to  this 
county,  settling  in  Yankee  Settlement ; 
went  to  Bloomington  111.,  in  1861, 
where,  in  1868,  he  introduced  the  0.  K. 
Saleratus;  married  Nannie  E.  Taylor, 
June  24,  1875  ;  she  was  born  m  Madi- 
sonviUe,  Monroe  Co.,  Tenn.,  March  5, 

1848 
STEWART  JOHN,  Manufacturer 
and  Dealer  in  Butter ;  born  near  Mari- 
etta, 0.,  July  15,  1836  His  father, 
Stephen  Stewart,  of  Scotch  descent,  bom 
Aue  3  1799,  was  a  native  of  Vu:ginia, 
and  a 'farmer.  His  mother,  Martha 
Fitzhugh,  born  Sept^  16  1808,  was  a 
daughter  of  William  Fitzhugh,  of  Welch 
descent,  of  Culpepper,  Va.,  and  a  relative 
of  Gen.  R.  E.  Lee.  His  parents  were 
both  members  of  the  Baptist  Church  ; 
they  removed  to  Ohio,  and  settled  near 


592 


DIEECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


Marietta  in  1832,  where  they  lived  until 
the  death  of  the  mother,  July  4,  1859, 
the  father  March  14,  1864.  John  was 
the  seventh  of  nine  children  ;  the  parents 
inculcated  religious  principles  both  by 
precept  and  example,  and  their  parental 
discipline  was  somewhat  Puritanic  ;  total 
abstinence  from  all  intoxicating  drinks 
and  tobacco  in  all  its  forms  was  rigidly 
practiced  and  enforced  in  the  elder 
Stewart's  family.  John  entered  school 
when  very  young,  but  as  soon  as  strong 
enough  to  wield  a  hoe,  worked  on  his 
father's  farm  in  Summer  and  attended 
school  only  during  the  Winter  months, 
acquiring  only  a  common  school  educa^ 
tion;  in  1856,  witli  an  elder  brother,  ac- 
cepted Greeley's  advice,  "  went  West," 
and  spent  three  years  in  Illinois,  Kansas 
and  Missouri,  returning  home  in  1859  ; 
engaged  in  the  fruit  tree  business  until 
1861,  when  the  war  commenced ;  enlisted 
as  a  private  in  Co.  B,  39th  0.  Vols., 
under  Cdl.  Grroesbeok,  succeeded  by  Col. 
E.  F.  Noyes,  now  U.  S.  Minister  to 
France ;  served  with  his  regiment  in 
operations  against  the  guerillas  of  Mis- 
souri in  1861  ;  in  1862' was  at  the  cap- 
ture of  "  New  Madrid  "  and  "  Island 
No.  10,"  and  when  Corinth  fell  was  the 
third  man  to  enter  the  enemy's  works  ; 
was  in  the  battle  of  luka,  Miss.,  in  the 
Fall  of  1862,  and  one  week  later  fought 
in  the  second  battle  of  Corinth  ;  was  in 
all  the  hard  marches  of  the  Union  army 
in  Tennessee  in  1863,  and  although  not 
physically  strong,  apparently,  endured 
all  the  hardships  of  a  soldier's  life,  never 
importuning  the  Surgeon  for  excuses 
from  duty,  never  "  straggled "  in  the 
march  or  shirked  in  battle ;  was  in  Sher- 
man's Georgia  campaign  ;  in  battle  at 
Resaca,  Altona  and  Kenesaw  Moun- 
tain ;  was  severely  wounded  at  Rough's 
Mills  in  an  assault  upon  the  rebel  line  of 
works  thrown  up  to  protect  their  retreat 
across  the  Chattahoochie,  about  twenty 
miles  from  Atlanta,  which  were  captured 
in  three  minutes  after  the  bugle  sounded 
"Forward;"  rejoined  his  regiment  at 
Raleigh,  N.  C,  just  after  the  assassina- 
tion of  President  Lincoln ;  after  a  hard 
march  to  Washington,  via  Richmond, 
and  reyiew,  regiment  was  transported  to 
Louisville,  where  he  was  mustered  out 
in   July,    1865,   as   Sergeant.      About 


January,  1866,  located  in  St.  Louis  and 
engaged  in  mercantile  business,  building 
up  a  good  jobbing  trade  in  butter, 
cheese  and  farm  produce ;  sold  out  in 
August,  1867,  removed  to  Galena  and 
engaged  in  the  same  business  with  B. 
S.  Bentley ;  removed  to  Manchester,  la., 
in  March,  1870,  in  same  business; 
started  the  first  butter  creamery  in  the 
State  in  1872,  near  Manchester ;  suc- 
ceeding in  manufacturing  a  superior 
grade  of  butter  with  increasing  demand 
at  remunerative  prices,  he  established 
other  Creameries;  others  started  them 
also,  until  they  are  scattered  over  the 
county  and  State.  Having  taken  the 
first  premium  for  butter  at  the  St.  Louis 
Fair  for  several  years,  he  determined  to 

•  compete  for  the  gold  medal  at  the  Cen- 
tennial Exhibition  at  Philadelphia  in 
1876  ;  succeeded  in  carrying  ofi'  the  val- 
uable prize,  and  removed  prejudice 
against  Western,  and  especially  Iowa, 
butter,  and  adding  from  8500,000  to 
$1,000,000  annually  to  the  income  of  ' 
the  farmers  of  the  State;  in  religion. 
Baptist ;  in  politics.  Republican ;  an 
active  friend  of  Temperance;  always 
takes  decided  position  on  all  pubho  ques- 
tions; is  never  "on  the  fence,"  never 
neutral  in  anything.  Married  in  Galena, 
111.,  Sept.  22;  1869,  Miss  Sarah  F.  Pres- 
cott,  daughter  of  Rev.  Asa  Prescott, 
Pastor  of  the  Baptist  Church  at  that 
place ;  has  two  children — Newton  Pres- 
cott was  born  May  18,  1871 ;  Ferdinand 
Charles,  born  Jan.  23,  1877. 

Stewart  R.  B.  clerk. 

Stimpson  Hiram,  farmer  ;  Sec.  12. 

Stimpson  Lewis,  laborer  ;  Sec.  12. 

Summons  Wm.  farmer. 

(HORPB  ALFRED,  merchant. 


T' 


TABER  JOHN  H.  Farmer ;  Sec. 
16  ;  at  nineteen  he  went  to  Vicksburg, 
remaining  during  the  Winters  of  1839 
and  1840 ;  in  1844,  he  came  to  Marengo, 
McHenry  Co.,  111.,  but  in  1848  he  re- 
turned to  Erie  Co.,  Pa.;  he  married  io 
Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y.,  to  Almba 
Hempstead,  Jan.  1, 1851,  who  was  bom 
in  Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.,  July  5,  1826 ; 
they  emigrated  to  this  Co.  in  April, 
1854,  settling  in  this  township,  on  Dec. 
10,  and  in  the  Summer  of  1857  moved 
on  their  present  farm. 


DELAWARE  TOWNSHIP. 


593 


THOMPSOX  AliBERT,  Farmer; 
Sec.  8 ;  was  born  in  Ctenango  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  June  22,  1822 ;  moved  to  Jackson 
Co.,  Mich.,  with  his  parents,  in  183Y, 
where  he  married  Margaret  Darah,  April 
21,  1851,  who  was  born  in  Sussex  Co., 
N.  J.,  Sept.  19,  1828  ;  in  the  Spring 
of  1852,  they  came  to  this  county,  set- 
tling on  their  present  farm  ;  Ada  L., 
Hattie  (deceased),  Mary,  Mary  J., 
Emma  E.,  Alice,  Agnes,  Elizabeth,  Fan- 
nie, are  their  daughters. 

Thorpe  Albert,  merchant. 

Thorpe  Chas.  merchant. 

Thorpe  G.  L.  merchant. 

Terril  A.  B.  groceries. 

Terril  A.  D.  groceries. 

TIRRHili  RODJTEY  W.  Real 
Estate,  Loan,  Collections  and  Pension 
Agent  ;  was  born  in  Stewartson,  Coos 
Co.,  N.  H.,  Dec.  22,  1835.  In  1844, 
his  parents  moved  to  Colebrook,  in 
above  county,  and  in  1850  emigrated  to 
Prairie  du  Sac,  Wis.  Rodney,  in  Nov., 
1856,  came  to  this  county,  teaching 
school  until  1857,  when  he  went  to 
Kansas  for  a  short  time,  and  then  re- 
turned to  Lodi,  Wis.,  teaching  school 
and  studying  law.  After  three  years, 
he  returned  to  this  county,  and  on  Dec. 
30,  1860,  he  married  Eliza  J.  Weeks, 
who  was  born  in  Norwich  (now  Hunt- 
ington), Hampshire  Co.,  Mass.,  Oct.  8, 
1836.  Mrs.  T.  came  direct  from  Massa- 
chusetts to  this  county,  with  parents, 
twenty-three  years  ago,  and  is  one  of 
the  pioneer  school  teachers  of  this 
county. 

TII.TON  EDMUND,  Dealer 
in  Groceries,  Cigars  and  Tobaccos, 
Main  st. ;  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  Feb.  17,  1831;  moved  to  Man- 
ayunk,  Pa.,  and  to  Trenton,  N.  J., 
and  back  to  Philadelphia  ;  then  to  Mil- 
ton, Northumberland  Co.,  Pa.,  from 
which  he  came  to  this  State,  arriv- 
ing on  July  4,  1850,  settling  in  Du- 
buque. Married  Sarah  Hamilton,  on 
Aug.  24,  1855.  She  was  born  in 
Scotch  Valley,  Pa.,  Aug.  24, 1835.  She 
came  to  Dubuque  Co.  April  30,  1845. 
After  living  in  Cascade,  they  came  to 
this  city  in  1865,  commencing  theii 
present  business. 

Tipple  J.  S.  merchant. 

Tomlinson  B.  N.  retired. 


TOOGOOD  THOMAS  (Toogood 
&  Bethell,  Proprietors  of  the  Clarence 
House),  born  March  22,  1829,  near 
Wells,  Somersetshire,  England,  son  of 
James  and  Jennie  (Wilcox)  Toogood ; 
emigrated  with  his  parents  to  America' 
arriving  at  Skaneateles,  Onondaga  Co.^ 
N.  Y.,  in  May,  1832;  remained  until 
1840  attending  school,  and  when  strong 
enough  assisting  his  father  on  the  farm 
in  Summer;  removed  with  parents  to 
Lysander,  Onondago  Co., in  1840,  work- 
ing on  his  father's  farm ;  parents  having 
died,  removed  to  Delaware  Co.,  la., 
January,  1855,  and  settled  at  Burring- 
ton,  now  Manchester,  and  in  connection 
with  Francis  Bethel,  built  the  first  hotel 
on  the  town  site,  on  the  northwest  cor- 
ner of  Franklin  and  Main  streets,  nam- 
ing it  the  "Clarence  House,"  after  a 
hotel  of  that  name  in  England ;  remained 
with  Bethell  engaged  in  hotel  business, 
fa:rming,  etc.,  and  still  resides  on  the 
spot  where  he  first  settled,  keeping  the 
same  hotel.  Married  April  4,  1861, 
Miss  Laura  A.  Peck,  born  at  Otsego, 
N.  Y.,  Oct.  12,  1836  ;  children— Ella 
May,  born  February  1,  1862,  died 
February  10,  1868  ;  infant  child, 
female,  born  April  25,  1864,  died. 
April  27, 1864  ;  Mattie  Belle,  born  June 
21,  1865  ;  Harry  Peck,  born  June  21, 

1867  ;  Charles  Clarence,  born  Dec.  15, 

1868  ;  Jennie  May,  born  Nov.  21, 1870; 
Frank  Howard,  born  Nov.  8,  1875. 
Miss  Peck  was  one  of  the  early  school 
teachers  of  Delaware;  taught  at  Dela- 
ware Centre  (Acersville),  in  the  Spring 
of  1856,  and  in  the  Spring  of  1857  at 
Burrington,  and  1858  at  Cofi'in's  Grove  ; 
afterward  taught  one  Winter  on  Buffalo 
Creek,  Buchanan  Co. 

TORREY  CHARLES  O.  of  the 
firm  of  Torrey  &  Jones,  Manufacturers 
of  and  Dealers  in  Furniiure,  Coffins, 
Caskets  and  the  Van  Vleck  Bed  Spring, 
Franklin  street ;  was  born  in  Genesee 
County,  N.  Y.,  July  8,  1836.  At  the 
age  of  6  years  he  went  to  Vermont, 
residing  there  until  17  years  old,  when 
he  emigrated  to  Kane  County,  111.,  and 
in  the  spring  of  1855,  came  to  this  Co. 
He  married  Susan  A.  Roe,  Nov.  5, 
1859  ;  she  was  born  in  Berrien  Co., 
Mich.,  Feb.  23,  1841.  Mr.  T.  enlisted 
in  the  27th  I.V.  I.,  serving  three  years. 


594 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


TOWlKfSEND    SAMlJEIi   D. 

Farmer,  Sec.  10  ;  was  born  in  Erving's 
Grant,    Franklin    Co.,  Mass.,   July   9, 

1829.  Moved  to  Broom,  Canada,  Sep- 
tember, 1845,  and  married  Louisa 
French  November  22,  1848,  who  was 
born  in  Shefford,  Canada  East,  July  7, 

1830.  About  1850,  moved  to  Stephen- 
son Co.,  111.;  in  July,  1853,  went  to 
Jones  County,  Iowa ;  in  May,  1862, 
came  to  this  county;  in  April,  1865, 
settled  on  his  present  farm.  Their  chil- 
dren are — Amaria  H.,  born  Sept.  1, 
1849,  and  died  Oct.  29,  1850  ;  Martha 
E.,  born  April  20,  1851,  and  died  Sept. 
11,  1871  ;  Aaron  W.,  Deo.  18,  1853; 
Alvin,  April  3,  1855 ;  Laura  E.,  Feb. 
10,  1861,  and  died  Feb.  1,  1863;  and 
Victor  A.  H.,  April  9,  1865. 

Towslee  John,  bootmaker. 

Trenchard  N.  G.  harness  maker. 

Trenchard  S.  W.  carpenter. 

Truby  George,  carpenter. 

Turner  Salem,  laborer. 

Tush  Elwood,  cabinet  maker. 

"TTNDERWOOD  GEO.  carpenter  ;  Sec. 

Underwood  0.  A.  laborer. 

UNDERWOOD  SIIiAS  S.  Farm- 
er, Sec.  2;  born  in  Sandersfield,  Mass.,  Feb. 
9, 1803;  with  parents  moved  to  Delaware 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  he  married  Catherine 
Love,  Nov.  1,  1838,  who  was  born  in 
Ireland,  Feb.  3,  1812  ;  came  from  Dela- 
ware Co.  to  this  county,  arriving  June 
30,  1855,  settling  on  his  present  farm  of 
of  120  acres. 

Utley  G.  H.  laborer. 

"T  7-  AN  ANTWERP  JACOB,  carpenter.' 

Van  Antwerp  R.  J.  laborer. 

VAN  ANDA  SAIiUE  G.  Attor- 
ney at  Law ;  bom  in  Sunbury,  North- 
umberland Co.,  Pa.,  April  20,'l835  ;  in 
1851,  he  entered  the  Ohio  Wesleyan 
University  at  Delaware,  Ohio,  graduat- 
ing in  1854  ;  during  his  junior  and  senior 
years,  he  read  law  with  Hon.  Charles 
Switzer  and  W.  P.  Reed,  and  admitted 
to  the  bar  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Ohio 

by  Hon. Ranney,  Chief  Justice  of 

the  State  in  1855  ;  entered  into  partner- 
ship in  the  law  profession  with  Hon. 
Robert  B.  Mitchell,  and  came  to  this 
county  the  same  year,  first  settling  in 
Delhi,  and  enlisted  as  Major  of  the  2l8t 


Iowa  Vol.  Inf'  in  1862,  and  promoted 
to  Lieut.  Col.  May  22,  1863,  command- 
ing the  regiment  until  mustered  out; 
married  Lydia  B.  Weatherby,  Dec.  19, 
1859,  who  was  born  in  Knox  Co.,  Ohio, 
Feb.  16,  1837. 

Van  Deusen  Mathew,  clerk. 

Van  Vleck  Geo.  E.  mechanic. 

Van  Vleck  Henry,  mechanic. 

Vibbard  Samuel,  butcher. 

Vincent  G.  0.  flour  and  feed. 

XTT ALTER  H.  L.  photographer. 

Walters  I.  L.  miller. 

Walworth,  J.  C.  laborer. 

Ward  C.  J.  laborer. 

WARNER  DANIEIi,  Farmer; 
Sec.  13;  born  in  Williams  Co.,  Ohio, 
April  8,  1843  ;  emigrated  to  Kane  Co., 
111.,  where  he  married  Mary  Jane  Shel- 
don, April  1,  1867,  who  was  boi;n  in 
Kane  Co.,  111.,  Jan.  28,  1845;  came 
from  Kane  Co.  to  this  iu  April,  1866, 
settling  on  his  present  farm  of  200 
acres ;  Caleb  Warner,  his  father,  who 
was  born  in  Weston,  Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y., 
Nov.  23,  1805,  moved  to  Oswego  Co., 
N.  Y.,  and  then  to  Williams  Co.,  Ohio, 
and  is  now  residing  with  his  son; 
Nevada  B.  is  Mr.  Warner's  only  child. 

Warner  M.  0.  druggist. 

Wasson  T.  laborer. 

Webber  Charles,  cooper. 

Webber  C.  H.,  laborer. 

Webber  Or.  W.,  laborer. 

Webber  J.  G.,  laborer. 

WALTER  &  WEIDMAN,  Pho- 
tographers, over  Ford  Bros',  store  on 
Franklin  street.  Harvey  1/  Walter,  the 
senior  partner  of  the  firm,  was  born  in 
Fayette  Co.,  0.,  July  5,  1833.  Came 
to  the  West  in  1853  ;  married  Mary  A. 
Fuller  in  1864.  Came  to  Manchester 
in  1871.  Have  two  children.  W.  L. 
Weidman,  the  junior  partner,  was  born 
in  Lysander,  Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y., 
Sept.  13,  1853.  Moved  to  Rockford, 
111.,  with  parents  in  1855.  Came  to 
Manchester  in  1870,  where  he  married 
Mattie  Doyle,  of  Richland  Tp.,  this 
county,  Dec.  16,  1877, 

Welderlin  John,  farmer  ;  S.  2. 

Wellman  Jay  clerk. 

Wheeler  J.  A.  Constable. 

White  J.  J.  eating  house. 

White  W.  C.  farmer. 


DELHI  TOWNSHIP. 


595 


Whiting-L.  M.,  laborer. 
WhitmaQ  Charles,  blacksmith. 
Whitman  Henry,  farmer. 
Whitman  John,  farmer. 
WHITMAN  MARK,  Blacksmith 
and  Wagon  Manufacturing,  Fayette  st.; 
born  in  St.  Joseph  Co.,  Ind.,  July  16, 
1845 ;  he,  with  his  parents,  emigrated 
to  this    Co.,    first   settling  in  what  is 
known  as  Yankee  Settlement,  and  came 
to  this  city   in  the  Spring   of  1860 ; 
commenced  his  present  business  in  1861, 
and  is  now  doing  business  under  the 
firm  name  of  Whitman,  Hamlin  &  Co.; 
married  M.  E.  Wilson,  November   23, 
1867 ;  she  was  born  in  Jefierson  Co., 
Pa.,  November  '  18,    1848.      Mr.    W. 
enlisted  in  the  7th  la.  V.  C,  July  26, 
1864,    serving   until   the   close  of  the 
war ;  Edith  M.  and  Ernest  L.  are  their 
children. 
Whitney  C.  W.  laborer. 
Whitney  H.  F.  tinsmith. 
Wilcox  W.  M.  teacher. 
Wilder  A.  M.  renter ;  Sec.  34. 
Williams  J.  E.  farmer ;  Sec.  6. 
Wilson  J.  P.  blacksmith. 
Wilson  J.  S.  peddler. 
Wilson  Samuel,  boot  maker. 
Wilson  Thos.  carpenter. 
Winnestofer  Earnhardt,  brick  maker. 
WISE  GEORGE  E.    Farmer ;  S. 
9 ;  born  in  Tompkins  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Jan. 
11,  1831.      Married  Ann  E.  Townsend 
March    14,    1854,    who   was    born   in 
Tompkins  Co.,  Sept.  15,  1833.     They 
were  married  and  resided  in  their  native 
county  until  1873,  when  they  came  to 
this   county,    arriving   in   March,   and 
bought  their  present  farm,  which  is  bor- 


dered by  Honey  Creek,  and  consisting 
of  200  acres. 
WOIiCOTT  NELSON  J.,  Dealer 
in  Lumber  and  Farm  Implements ;  was 
born  in  Livingston  Co.,  N.  Y.,  May  8, 
1832.  In  1852,  he  went  to  Austraha 
for  gold,  and  after  six  months  in  the 
mines  he  went  to  Peru,  where  he  joined 
a  company  prospecting  for  gold  on  the 
head  waters  of  the  Amazon  River,  re- 
maining four  months  in  that  country 
and  various  parts  of  Peru  and  Chili ; 
thence  to  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  via  Pan- 
ama, in  which  State  he  remained  four 
years  and  six  months,  engaged  in  min- 
ing ;  returned  to  his  native  county  and 
State,  August  1,  1858,  where  he  mar- 
ried Elsie  N.  Riggs,  Sept.  29,  1859. 
She  was  born  in  Livingston  Co.,  N.  Y., 
March  27,  1830.  In  the  Spring  of 
1861,  they  emigrated  to  this  county, 
settling  in  Hazel  Green  Tp.,  and  in 
1870  came  to  this  city,  engaging  in  his 
present  business. 

Wolif  L.  clothier. 

Wolff  A.  clothier. 

Work  Amasa,  butcher. 

Wright  W.  W.  laborer. 

YORAN  CALVIN,  Attorney 
at  Law,  City  Hall  Block;  was 
born  in  Herkimer  Co.,  N.  Y.,  June  5, 
1844.  Resided  in  native  county  until 
1870,  when  he  emigrated  to  this  county, 
settling  ii'  this  city,  and  commenced  the 
practice  of  the  law  in  1871,  at  which 
time  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  Mar- 
ried Phrone  Chase,  Aug.  10,  1873, 
who  was  born  in  Herkimer  Co.,  N.  Y., 
March  1,  1847.  Melvin  J.  and  Calvin 
0.  are  their  children. 


DELHI    TOWNSHIP. 


ALGER  I.  N.  farmer,  Sec.  19  ;  P.  0. 
Delhi. 
ALLISON  SAMUEL,  Sr. 

Parmer,  Sec.  26  ;  P.  0.  Delhi.  Born 
in  Orange  Co.,  N.  Y.,  July  19,  1826  ; 
moved- to  Ohio  in  1840;  married  Miss 
Rachel  Bell  in  1854,  who  was  born  in 
Licking  Co.,  0.,  December,  1833.  They 
have  six  children  living — Cora  A.,  Wm. 
R.,  John  L.,  Ella,  Alice,  and  Samuel  E. 


Came  to  this  county  in  1852  ;  returned 
to  Ohio  the  following  year,  and  returned 
with  his  wife  in  1854.     Owns  680  acres 

of  land.  _, _.       _ 

ALLISON  SAMUEL,  Jr. 
Farmer,  Sec.  24  ;  P.  0.  Delh.  Bom 
in  Orange  Co.,  N.  Y..  March  19,  1828, 
moved  to  Ohio  in  1841 ;  married  M^s 
Emeline  J.  Harris,  March  2  1852  ;  she 
was  born  in  Licking  Co.,  0.,  Oct.  24, 


696 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


1831.  Mr.  A.  came  to  this  county  in 
1830,  entered  his  land  and  made  some 
improvements ;  returned  to  Ohio,  got 
married  and  came  back  in  1852.  They 
have  eight  children  living — Oscar  H., 
Anna  L.,  Mary  E.,  Minnie  M.,  Laura  E., 
Frank  E.,  Eugene  and  Ida  L.  Mr.  A. 
was  elected  Assessor  in  1876,  a  position 
he  now  fills  ;  has  taught  school  nearly 
every  Winter  since  he  resided  in  the 
county.  Owns  two  sections  of  land, 
and  is  an  old  and  influential  citizen  of 
Delaware  County. 

Ammerman  J.  J.  laborer  ;   P.  0.   Delhi. 

Angel   G.  Gt.  farmer,  Sec.  4;   P.  0.  Delhi. 

Angel  James  G.  far..  Sec.  3  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Anthony  H,  farmer.  See.  19;   P.  0.  Delhi. 

Armstrong  Elmira,far.,  S.  19;  P.O.  Delhi. 

Atwood  J.  P,  well  driller,  P.  0.  Delhi. 

■^^ALL,  WM.  far.,  Sec.  5  ;  P.  0.  Dela- 


B' 


BABCOCK  V.  M.  Delhi;  was  born 
in  Jefferson  Co.,  N.  Y.,  June  16,  1836. 
Went  to  New  Orleans  in  1856 ;  remained 
South  until  May,  1861 ;  returned  to 
Jefferson  County,  N.  Y.;  enlisted  in 
Battery  H,  1st  New  York  Artillery ; 
was  appointed  First  Sergeant  at  its  or- 
ganization ;  was  promoted  to  a  Lieuten- 
ancy, June  1st,  1862,  in  which  capacity 
he  served  during  term  of  service ;  par- 
ticipated in  all  the  principal  battles  dur- 
ing the  Peninsula  campaign  ;  Fair  Oaks 
and  Malvern  Hill,  were  the  most  severe ; 
returned  to  New  Orleans,  the  Fall  of 
'64,  from  there  to  Fort  Mcintosh,  Tex., 
where  he  remained  uniil  1868.  Have 
since  been  in  the  Western  States.  Was 
married  to  Mrs.  Esther  E.  Clark,  Oct. 
8,  1873.  Mrs.  B.  had  two  children,  J. 
Byron  and  Alonzo  L.,  by  her  former 
husband,  Alonzo  Clark.  Have  one  boy, 
Carl  Eugene. 

BAKER  WIIiUAM  H.  Clerk, 
Delhi ;  born  in  Geneseo,  N.  Y. ;  his 
father  emigrated  to  Illinois  in  an  early 
day;  seven  years  after  came  to  this 
county;  his  father  was  known  during 
his  life  as  an  able  lawyer  who  enjoyed 
the  confidence  and  respect  of  the  people 
and  the  esteem  of  the  other  honored 
and  privileged  members  of  the  bar; 
served  in  several  oificial  capacities  as 
Justice  of  the  Peace,  State's  Attorney, 
etc. ;  died  at  his  house,  Delhi,  in  1856  ; 
William  was  sent  to  school  at  Mount 


Vernon,  Iowa,  and  expected  to  complete 
the  course,  but  owing  to  the  illness  of 
his  father  was  called  home,  and  the  an- 
ticipated college  course  abandoned  ;  the 
family  now  consist  of  Charles  M.,  now 
residing  in  Wamego,  Kan. ;  Mrs.  Helen 
Hook,  of  Wamego,  Kan.,  and  Esther  J. 
GriflGin,  of  Delhi. 

Banta  Abraham. 

Barber  J.  M.  stone  mason,  Delhi. 

Barker  C.  J.  far.,  Sec.  21  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Barker  Loran,  far..  Sec.  31  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Barker  Newell,  far..  Sec.  32 ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Barnes  A.  D.  far..  Sec.  20 ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Barnes  A.  K.  far.,  Sec.  20 ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Barnes  B.  H.  far..  Sec.  20 ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Barnes,  J.  W.  sawyer,  S.  29  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Beal  Frank,  far..  Sec.  17  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Beal  James,  far..  Sec.  17 ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Beal  Lewis,  far..  Sec.  17  ;    P.  0.  Delhi. 

Bennett  Joseph. 

Blanchard  I.  D.,  tinner,  Delhi. 

BOOOS  JEREMIAH  B.  Aud- 
itor of  Delaware  Co.,  Delhi.  Born  in 
Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  12,  1833; 
lived  there  till  1846,  when  his  father 
emigrate^  to  McHenry  Co.,  111.  Came 
to  Delaware  County  in  1 850  ;  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Catharine  A.  Black,  Nov. 
1861 .  They  have  three  children — Amy, 
Orin  T.,  and  Ennis.  Served  as  Deputy 
Sheriff  in  1857  and  '58 ;  was  elected 
Sheriff  in  1861  ;  elected^  County  Judge 
in  1865  ;  Auditor  in  1869,  a  position 
that  he  now  occupies.  The  Judge  is 
among  the  oldest  settlers  of  this  county, 
and  is  a  gentleman  who  is  no  less  re- 
markable for  his  social  and  intellectual 
abilities  than  for  his  generosity  toward 
his  fellow  men. 

Boomer  Albert. 

Bondurant  Robert. 

Bowman  Austin,  far.,  S.  24 ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

BRAYTOW  JOHUr  M.  Attorney 
at  Law,  Delhi;  born  in  Newport, N.Y., 
Sept.  15,  1831.  At  the  age  of  14  he 
went  to  Whitestown  Seminary,  where 
he  remained  four  years ;  graduated  at 
Hamilton  College,  Clinton,  in  1853  ;  at- 
tended the  law  school  connected  with 
the  College,  under  Prof.  Theodore  W. 
D wight ;  admitted  to  the  Bar  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  New  York,  in  April, 
1864  ;  spent  that  Summer  in  the  law 
office  of  B.  Davis  Noxom,  of  Syracuse. 
He  came  to  Delhi  in  Fall  of  same  year, 


BELHI  TOWNSHIP. 


597 


and  has  been  engaged  in  his  profession 
most  of  the  time;  was  State  Senator 
from  1864  to  1868,  and  Judge  of  the 
District  Court  of  the  9th  Judicial  Dis- 
trict, from  January,  1871,  to  July, 
1872.  Married  Miss  Helen  M.  Martin, 
May  4,  1859  ;  she  was  born  in  Scho- 
harie County,  July  21,  1833.  One 
daughter  living,  Emma  L.,  born  Feb. 
24, 1860  ;  lost  one  child,  Helen  A. 

Brown   J.  M. ;  P.  0.  Barlville. 

Brown  P.  A.  far.,  S.  1 ;  P.   0.   Earlvilb. 

Brugert  Ludwig  F.  A.  farmer,  Sec.  35 ; 
P.  0.  Delhi. 

Burdick  Wm.,  lab.,  S.  26 ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Burrow  Wm.,  far.,  S.  11 ;  P.  0.  Earville. 

/"BARTER  R.  laborer  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Clark  N.  H.  teacher;  P.O.  Delhi. 

Charter  A.  E.  laborer ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Cook  A.  J.  far.,  Sec.  13 ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

COBBIIir  JOHX,  Retired;  born 
in  Chenango  Co.,  N.  Y.,Feb.  12,  1812. 
His  father  moved  near  Rochester ;  lived 
in  that  part  of  the  State  for  some 
time ;  emigrated  from  there  to  Ohio ; 
Mr.  C.  came  to  this  county  in  1837 ; 
most  of  the  prominent  pioneers  of  the 
county  came  that  season ;  remained 
here  about  two  years  and  returned  to 
Ohio  where  he  married  Miss  Eliza  Phil- 
lips in  the  Spring  of  1840.  She  was 
born  in  Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  16, 
1817.  Her  father  was  one  of  the 
earliest  settlers  of  this  county,  being  a 
member  of  the  first  board  of  County 
Commissioners.  Mr.  Corbin  made  the 
first  assessment  of  the  county ;  have 
three  children  living — John  W.  Corbin, 
Esther  E.,  now  Mrs.  Babcock,  and 
Doran  S.  Corbin. 

CORBIN  JXO.  WINTHBOP, 
Farmer,  Sec.  26  ;  P.  0.  Delhi ;  born  in 
South  Fork  Township,  this  county,  Jan. 
7,  1841 ;  he  was  the  third  child  born 
in  Delaware  Co.  His  father  sold  his 
property  in  this  county,  and  moved  to 
Ohio  in  1856 ;  remained  there  three 
years,  during  which  time  he  was  attend- 
ing school  at  Oberlin ;  served  in  the  army 
in  4th  Iowa  V.  Cavalry;  was  in  many 
severe  engagements ;  received  three  bul- 
let wounds  ;  was  honorably  discharged 
Dec,  1866;  married  Miss  Augusta  H. 
Plash,  Dec.  13,  1866  ;  she  was  born  in 
Hanover,   Germany,    Feb.    27,    1843 ; 


have  two  children  living — Guy  Win- 
throp  Corbin,  and  Ira  Hyde  Corbin ;  Mr. 
C.  was  Sheriff  of  this  county  two  years 
from  1875,  an  office  he  filled  ably  and 
well.     Owns  280  acres  of  land. 

COWLES  ETHAX  S.  Sheriff, 
Delhi ;  bom  in  Hampshire,  Mass.,  June 
25,  1829  ;  at  the  age  of  15  came  to  St. 
Charles,  111. ;  came  to  Delaware  Co.  in 
1852,  but  soon  after  returned  to  Illi- 
nois and  married  Miss  Phcebe  Eddy  in 
1854 ;  she  was  born  in  Wyoming  Co., 
N.  Y.,  Sept.  27,  1829;  returned  to 
Delhi  in  1854,  where  they  lived  one 
year ;  in  1856,  went  to  Richland  Town- 
ship, and  entered  the  land  which  he  now 
owns.  He  established  the  Campton  P. 
0.  in  1857  ;  was  appointed  P.  M.  at 
the  time,  and  still  holds  the  position  ; 
served  as  Justice  of  the  Peace  for  nine 
years ;  was  elected  Sheriff  of  Delaware 
Co.  in  1877,  a  position  which  he  fills 
ably  and  well ;  served  in  the  army  in 
the  7th  Iowa  Cavalry. 

Crawford  J.  C.  laborer ;  Delhi. 

Crosier  H.  C.  far..  Sec.  32 ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Cross  C.  H.  Constable ;  Delhi. 

Cummings  A.,  carptr.,  S.  20 ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Cummings  E.  far.,  Sec.  8 ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Cummings  J.  A.  clerk  ;  Delhi. 

Cummings  Richard,  carpenter;  Delhi. 

CrTIiEB  GBOBGE,  Farmer, 
Sec.  12  ;  P.  0.  Earlville;  born  in  Som- 
erset, Eng.,  Dec.  15.  1817;  came  to 
America,  with  his  father's  family,  in 
1836 ;  liyed  near  Syracuse  eighteen 
months  ;  went  to  Michigan,  from  there 
to  Wisconsin,  and  finally  to  his  present 
home  which  was  at  that  time  in  the 
wilds  of  a  new  and  desolate  country ; 
broke  the  first  prairie  in  Ede's  Grove, 
in  the  Spring  of  1839 ;  has  been  sur- 
rounded by  700  Indians  and  not  a 
white  man  to  be  seen  ;  carried  mail  from 
Dubuque  to  Independence,  when  no 
other  man  could  be  gotten  to  do  it,  in 
1832  ;  no  bridges,  no  roads  but  Indian 
trails ;  went  from  where  he  lives  four 
miles  above  Dubuque  to  mill,  snow  four 
feet  deep  and  no  road  ;  kept  bachelor's 
hall  till  1859,  when  he  married  the 
widow  Lupton  (maiden  name  Elizabeth 
Jones);  owns  120  acres  of  land ;  Mr. 
C  has  never  been  under  the  care  ot  a 
physician  till  Feb.  23,  1878,  when  his. 
leg  was  broken  by  a  vicious  colt. 


598 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


DAUBERMAN  JOHN,  laborer;  P. 
0.  Delhi. 

Davis  Win.  far.,  Sec.  7  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Delematter  E.  J.  far.,  S.  27  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Donaho  F.  laborer ;  Delhi. 

Dooley  T.  J.,  attorney;  Delhi. 

DOOIilTTIiE  CHAS.  B.  Livery 
man,  Delhi ;  born  in  Madison  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  Oct.  15,  1837 ;  came  to  Clayton 
Co.  at  the  age  of  18 ;  came  to  Dela- 
ware Co.  first  in  1863  ;  was  here  three 
years  ;  returned  to  Clayton  Co.,  remain- 
ing there  five  years,  after  which  he 
moved  back  to  Delhi  where  he  has  been 
engaged  in  livery  business  since  1872; 
married  Miss  Theodosia  M.  Lawrence, 
Feb.  14,  1859.  She  was  born  in  Madi- 
son Co.,  Ohio  ;  have  four  children  liv- 
ing— Josephine  E.,  Frederick  A.,  Ben- 
jamin A.  and  Harley  0. ;  lost  one  child 
in  infancy.  Mr.  D.  is  now  Constable 
and  is  au  efficient  officer,  has  a  fine  liv- 
ery and  is  doing  a  good  business. 

Doolittle  F.  A.  livery  hand,  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Doolittle  F.  P.  Dept.  Clerk  Delaware  Co. ; 
Delhi. 

DOOIilTTIiE  HOIV.  F.  B.  Del 
hi,  whose  portrait  appears  in  this  work, 
was  born  in  Delaware  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Dec. 
24,  1825  ;  his  parents,  William  and 
Polly  A.  Doolittle,  in  the  Fall  of  1835, 
emigrated  to  Monroe,  Mich.,  and  in 
1836,  to  Calhoun  Co.,  Mich.,  which 
was  then  outside  of  civilization,  and  in- 
habited by  Indians  ;  his  father  being  a 
poor  man,  with  a  family  of  twelve  chil- 
dren, could  give  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  no  facilities  for  an  early  educa- 
tion, except  twelve  weeks'  schooling  in  a 
log  cabin,  for  a  few  Winter  terms  ;  hav- 
ing to  work  hard  the  balance  of  his  time 
clearing  up  a  farm  in  the  wilds  of  the 
Michigan  forests.  In  1845,  when  19 
years  old,  he  negotiated  with  his  father 
to  pay  him  |150  for  the  balance  of  his 
time,  and  started  out  into  the  world 
with  neither  money,  education  or  friends. 
When  20  years  of  age,  he  hired  out  to 
a  nurseryman  for  $10.50  per  month, 
and  by  close  attention,  soon  became 
master  of  the  business.  Having,  during 
the  years  of  1848  and  1849,  his  atten- 
tion called  to  this  western  country  for 
settlement,  in  the  Fall  of  1849,  he  set 
out  and  came  to  Delhi,  and  after  viewing 
the   country  concluded  to   settle  here ; 


then  returning  to  Michigan  to  make 
final  arrangements  for  a  permanent  set- 
tlement ;  he  returned  in  the  Spring  of 
1850,  and  landed  in  Delhi,  May  1st, 
his  entire  assets  being  worth  about  1300, 
and  has  remained  here  ever  since.  The 
county  at  that  time  was  new,  with  not 
much  civilization  and  less  refined  soci- 
ety. The  first  Summer  he  worked  part 
of  the  time  for  farmers  at  established 
wages  of  50  cents  per  day,  and  balance 
of  time  made  preparations  and  started 
Silver  Lake  Nursery  which  he  followed 
up,  introducing  many  valuable  varieties 
of  fruit  and  inspiring  the  settlers  to 
cultivate  fruit  of  all  the  hardy  kinds, 
and  afterward  published  a  pamphlet  on 
fruit  culture,  entitled  "  Fruit  Culture  in 
Northern  Iowa,"  which  has  been  copied 
from  extensively  by  Horticultural  writers 
arid  State  Agricultural  Reports,  and 
has  done  more  to  induce  fruit  culture 
in  Northern  Iowa,  than  any  other  per- 
son. He  continued  the  nursery  busi- 
ness about  fifteen  years,  giving  employ- 
ment to  a  large  number  of  men,  havifig 
the  largest  nursery  that  has  ever  been 
in  the  State.  Sooq  after  coming  to 
Delhi  he  found  a  field  opening  for  oper- 
ating in  a  small  way  with  his  limited 
means  in  real  estate,  of  which  he  availed 
himself,  and  he  continued  in  such  more 
or  less  until  the  present,  and  now  owns 
about  2,000  acres  of  land  in  various 
parts  of  this  State.  He  now  owns  three 
cultivated  farms  which  he  superintends, 
and  has  twenty  acres  of  orcharding, 
where  he  resides,  situated  on  the  banks 
of  Silver  Lake,  which  is  the  finest  resi- 
dence, with  the  finest  surroundings  of 
any  in  the  county.  Married  Miss  Anne 
Comber,  Oct.  4,  1851  ;  she  was  born 
Oct.  27,  1828,  at  Wythaham,  Sussex 
County,  England,  and  came  to  America 
with  her  father's  family  in  Sprins  of 
1847,  and  settled  in  Dubuque  Co.,  Iowa- 
They  have  six  children,  all  born  in  Del- 
hi and  now  living — Hattie  E.,  born 
Feb.  8,  1853 ;  Fred.  William,  July  8, 
1855;  Olie  R.,  Jan.  1,  1858;  John 
Comber,  April  16,  1860  ;  Nellie  Anne, 
Nov.  9,  1862,  and  Minnie  A.,  Aug.  6, 
1865.  His  wife  died  Oct.  26, 1876, 
greatly  esteemed  by  both  rich  and  poor. 
Mr.  Doolittle  has  always  been  in  the 
front  ranks  in  all  public  enterprises,  do- 


DELHI 


DELHI  TOWNSHIP. 


601 


ing  active  work,  especially  such  as  tend- 
ed to  develop  the  county ;  was  one  of 
the  agitators  in  organizing  a  company  to 
build  a  railroad  to  Delhi,  and  charter 
member  of  and  did  eiFectual  work  in 
organizing   the  Davenport  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad   Company,    and    most   active 
in  preparing  its  articles  of  incorporation 
and  setting  the   company  on   its    feet ; 
was  Director  and  Assistant  Treasurer  of 
the  Company  about  four  years.     He  in- 
duced the  organization  of  the  Delaware 
County  Construction  Company  for  the 
purpose  of  building  the  Davenport  & 
St.  Paul  R.  R.  through  Delaware  Coun- 
ty, a  distance  of  thirty  miles,  and  was 
elected  Treasurer  of  the  Company,  and 
the- general  agent  to  manage  its  busi- 
ness, and  had  the  management  of   its 
construction  through  Delaware  County  ; 
with  limited  means  and  very  unfavora- 
ble route,  he  held  the  line  through  Delhi 
against  strong  opposition  from  towns  on 
other  lines,  which  were  much  more  fa- 
vorable, and  which   represented   much 
greater  wealth.     He  founded  and  laid 
out  the  town  of  Delaware,  Delaware  Co., 
on   the   Illinois  Central  R.  R.,  and  se- 
cured a  station,  and  afterward  secured 
the   Davenport    &   St.   Paul  R.  R.    to 
make  its  crossing  at  that  place.     Was 
elected  Judge  of  Delaware  County  in 
April,  1855,  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  after- 
ward re-elected  for  full  term.     Was  the 
first  United  States  Revenue  Collector, 
under  the  United  States  Revenue  Laws, 
in  Delaware  County,  and  held  the  office 
five  years;    has  been  active  in. politics 
from  his  first  settlement  in  the  county  ; 
was  originally  a  Whig,  and  one  of  the 
first  to  advocate  no  more  slave  territory, 
and   took  an  active  part  in  the  county 
convention  that  organized  the  Republi- 
can party  in  this  county,  and  has  ever 
since   been   identified  with   the   party. 
Has  always  been  a  temperance  man  (but 
not  fanatical),    consistent,    not   having 
taken    a  drink  of  intoxicating  liquors 
since  he  has  been  in  the  State,  and  al- 
ways  identifying   himself  with  its  in- 
terests. 
Doxee  Harry,  laborer ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 
Duart  James,  lab.,  Sec.  17  ;    P.  0.  Delhi. 
Dutton  Horace,  farmer.  Sec.   24  ;    P.  0. 

Delhi. 
Dutton  J.  W.  far..  Sec.  24 :  P.  0.  Delhi. 


TpARLY  PAT,  laborer;    P.  O.Delhi. 

Eddy  R.  grain  dlr.  and  lumberman  ;  Delhi. 
Ellison   Geo.  far..  Sec.  29  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

FEAR  E.  farmer.  Sec.  4 ;   P.  0.  Dela- 
ware. 

Fear  Henry  C.  far..  Sec.  4;  P.  0.  Delaware. 

Fear  W.  S.  far..  Sec.  4  ;  P.  0.  Delaware. 

Fitzimmons  C.  F.  far.,  Sec.  4  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

FLEMING  CHARLES  F. 
Proprietor  of  Rockyhook  Mills,  Delhi; 
born  in  Stockholm,  Sweden,  June  3, 
1829.  Caiiae  to  the  United  States  in 
1839 ;  settled  at  Kingston,  Mass.;  was 
trained  for  the  seas  and  sailed  for  nine 
years  on  "old  ocean's"  surging  billows. 
In  1848  went  to  the  gold  regions  of 
California,  where  he  remained  for  seven 
years.  Returned  home  in  1855,  and 
married  Miss  JMary  S.  Holmes  in  same 
year;  she  was  born  in  Plymouth,  Mass. 
Have  six  children  living — Charles  F., 
Jr.,  Andrew  M.,  David  A.,  Edmund  H., 
Mary  L.,  and  Elise  C.  Mr.  F.  owns 
2,000  acres  of  land.  When  he  first 
came  to  this  county,  he  built  a  steam 
grist-mill  on  the  banks  of  Silver  Lake, 
and  afterward  purchased  the  Rocky- 
nook  mill  property  (water  power)  on  the 
Maquoketa,  which  he  now  owns. 

FoUett  W.  H.  shoemaker,  Delhi. 

FULLER    FRAJrCIS  E.    Pro 
prietor  Billiard  Hall,  Delhi ;  born  in  Mo- 
Henry  Co.,  111.,  June  27,  1853 ;  came 
to  this  county  in  1874 ;  married  Miss 
Nellie  Danforth  Oct.  5,  1875  ;  she  was 
born  near  Niagara   Falls,  New  York 
one  child— Earl,  born  July  27,  1876 
died  April  1,  1877  ;  his  wife  died  Oct, 
10,  1877. 
FULLER     GEO.    H.      Physician 
and   Surgeon,   P.    0.  Di-lhi ;    born  m 
Stowe,    Vt.,    Aug.    13,    1841;   parents 
emigrated  to   Massachusetts   in   1854, 
and   came  to  Buchanan  Co.,  Iowa,  in 
1856 ;  served  in  the  army  during  the 
war  in  the  27th  Iowa  V.  I. ;  was  ap- 
pointed   Hospital    Steward   in    Jlarch, 
1865,  and  Second  Lieutenant  87ih  U. 
S  Col.  Inf ,  March,  1865  ;  was  in  com- 
mand of  a  Company  till  1866  ;  was  hon- 
orably discharged  at  New  Orleans ;  at- 
tended his  first  course  of  medical  lectures 
of  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.,  and  graduated  at 
the  Chicago  Medical  College  in  f^e  cte 
of  1869  ;  practiced  m  Delhi  till  1873  ; 


602 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


was  then  employed  by  the  Government 
as  Physician  at  the  Crow  Indian  Agency, 
Mont.,  and  at  the  Fort  Hall  Indian 
Agency  of  Idaho;  returned  home  in 
187Y  ;  has  settled  in  Delhi,  where  he  is 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession ; 
married  Miss  D.  Adelaide  Boomer,  Jan. 
3  1873  ;  she  was  born  at  Garden  Prai- 
rie, Boone  Co.,  111.,  April  18, 1847  ;  she 
is  the  daughter  of  Dr.  A.  Boomer,  who 
moved  to  this  county  in  1853. 

Furman  Charles,  miller,  S.  30 ;  P.O.  Delhi. 

Furman  Geo.  R.  miller,  S.  30 ;  P.O.  Delhi. 

FURJIAUr  RUSSEL  W.  Prop. 
Hartwiok  Mills,  Delhi ;  born  in  Cayuga 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  5,  1822;  came  to  Han- 
over, Jo  Daviess  Co.,  111.,  in  1842,  where 
he  lived  till  he  moved  to  this  county  f  he 
came  to  Delaware  Co.  in  1869  ;  has  been 
connected  with  the  milling  business  since 
his  residence  here.  Owns  300  acres  of 
land,  and  is  extensively  engaged  in  stock 
growing  and  farming ;  married  Miss  Cyn- 
thia Tyler  Oct.  24,  1847;  she  was  born 
in  Benton  Co.,  N.  H.  ;  have  two  chil- 
dren living — Charles  H.  and  George  R. ; 
lost  one  daughter — Sophronia. 

r^  ALPIN    CHARLES,   mer.;   Delhi. 

GAIIVES  B.  P.  Delhi;  Retired; 
born  in  Washington  Co.,  Penn., 
Oct.  24,  1846  ;  moved  to  Madison  Co., 
Indiana,  1 854  ;  then  to  this  State,  Du- 
buque, in  1857  ;  settled  in  Earlville  io 
1859.  He  was  married  in  February, 
1875,  to  Miss  Minnie  A.  Butcher.  She 
was  born  in  Galena,  111.,  Nov.  16,  1854; 
they  have  one  child,  Beulah  L.,  born 
Au-r.  29,  1876.  Mr.  Gaines  held  the 
position  as  clerk  in  dry  goods  and  gro- 
cery houses  in  Earlville  for  seven  years. 
He  carried  on  the  mercantile  business 
on  his  own  account  for  three  yi'ars  ;  he 
opened  the  Iowa  House  at.  Delhi  1st 
of  March,  1878. 

Gleason  A.' L.  Postmaster;  Delhi. 

Glcason  B.  F.  millwright ;  Delhi. 

Gibbs  J.  W.  far.,  S.  II ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

Ginger,  J.  A.  laborer ;  P.  O.  Delhi. 

Goestel  Geo.,  tar.,  S.  30;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Griffin  C.  M.  laborer;  P.  0.  D.lhi. 

Griffin  H.   M.  far.,  Se.!.  17;  P  0.  Delhi. 

ORIFFIKT  JUNIUS  A.  Farmer; 
Sec.  15  ;  P.  0.  Delhi  ;  boiri  in  Sum- 
merswo.th,  N.  H.,  April  22,  1839; 
came  to  this  county  in  1851,  wiierc  he 


has  since  resided  ;  his  father  entered  a 
section  of  land  where  he  now  lives,  a 
part  of  which  he  owns ;  married  Migg. 
Isabella  B.  Gray,  March  19,  1862. 
She  was  born  in  Scotland,  March  19, 
1846  ;  there  are  seven  children  living — 
Clarence  E.,  James  A.,  Arthur  H.,  Hat- 
tie  E.,  Harry  M.,  Eva  M.  and  Ralph  B.; 
owns  45  acres  of  land. 

HAM  GEO.,  farmer.  Sec.  2 ;  P.  Q. 
Earlville. 

HAEBFRLE  H.  C.  Deputy  Treas- 
urer of  Delaware  Co.,  Delhi ;  born  in 
Goeppingen,  Wurtemburg,  Feb.  8, 1847. 
His  parents  emigrated  to  the  United 
States  when  he  was  young;  settled  in 
Dubuque  County,  in  1860,  was  Teller  in 
bank  of  Gelpecke  &  Co.;  latter  part  of 
same  year  commenced  learning  harness 
making  of  L.  D.  Randall  &  Co.,  and  con- 
tinued till  Sept.,  1872,  and  lived  there 
until  1863 ;  was  in  various  parts  of  North- 
eastern Iowa  till  he  came  to  Delaware 
County  in  1868 ;  served  as  Deputy  Clerk 
of  this  county  during  1873  and  1874.; 
Clerk  in  abstract  office  for  Henry  Har- 
ger  in  1875  ;  since  that  time  has  been 
Deputy  Treasurer  of  this  county.  Mr. 
H.  is  a  gentleman  whose  steady  habits 
and  close  attention  to  his  business  beget 
for  him  the  confidence  and  respect  of 
the  citizens  of  the  county.  He  married 
Oct.^0,  1875,  Miss  Clara  P.  Heath  j 
she  was  bom  in  Union  Township,  this 
county,  Aug.  3, 1 853.  One  child  living, 
Fannie  E.;  lost  one,  Charles  E.  Mr. 
H.  is  a  member  of  A.,  F.  &  A.  M.;  also 
United  Workmen,  I.  0.  0.  F.  and  En- 
campment. 

Ham  John,  fir..  Sec.  2 ;    P.  0.  Earlville. 

Hamilton  A.  P.  far.,  Sec.  8;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

HARCi^ER  HENRY,  Abstracts  of 
Tides,  Di;lhi ;  born  in  Oxford,  Conn., 
April  14,  1832;  came  to  Chicago  in 
1853;  was  in  City  Surveyor's  office 
for  three  months  ;  returned  home  aad 
graduated  at  the  Connecticut  State  Nor- 
mal School  in  1856  ;  followed  teaching^ 
there  until  1858,  when  he  removed  to 
Delaware  Co.,  Iowa,  arriving  here  in 
May ;  continued  teaching  until  the  war 
broke  out ;  assisted  in  recruiting  a  com- 
pany, and  was  mustered  into  the  21st 
I.  V.  I.,  as  Second  Lieutenant  in  1862; 
was  in  the  severe  engagements  of  Grand 
Gulf,  Black  River,  and  siege  of  Vioks- 


DELHI   TOWNSHIP. 


603 


burg ;  was  promoted  to  First  Lieutenant 
at  Vicksburg;  received  an  honorable 
discharge  in  January,  1864.  He  mar- 
ried Miss  Sarah  E.  Smiih  May  4, 1864 ; 
she  was  born  in  St  Joseph  Co.,  Mich.| 
Sept.  13,1843;  have  two  children — 
Prank  E.  and  Burton  B.  Mr.  H. 
served  as  County  Surveyor  from  1 865 
to  1867,  and  as  Kecorder  from  1867  to 
1875.     OwDs  265  acres  of  land. 

Harper  Peter,  farmer:  Sec.  15;  P  0 
Delhi. 

Harris  A.  P.  carpenter  ;  Delhi. 

Hawes  G.  W.  J.  retired ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Heath  B.  V.  Station  Agent ;  Delhi. 

HEATH  W.  A.  Attorney  at  Law, 
Delhi ;  born  in  Geneseo,  New  York, 
Feb.  21,  1834;  he  came  to  Delaware 
Co.,  Iowa,  in  1857;  commenced  the 
study  of  law,  and  was  found  to  be  an 
industrious  student,  an  apt  pupil,  and 
possessing  a  will  endowed  with  native 
energy,  an  unswerving  purpose  of  mind, 
which  are  sufficient  guarantees  of  suc- 
cess; he  was  admitted  and  taken  into 
full  fellowship  with  the  honored  and 
privileged  members  of  the  bar  in  1860  ; 
he  has  been  in  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession in  Delhi,  the  county  seat  of 
Delaware  Co.,  since  that  time ;  married 
Miss  Mary  Barnard  April  26,  1860; 
she  was  born  in  England  ;  have  two 
children — Jessie  and  Kalph  M. 

Heise  Fred. 

Held  J.  P.  tin  and  hardware,  Delhi. 

HOBBS  CHARIiES  W.  Delhi; 
was  born  in  Queen  Ann's  Md.,  Dee.  3, 
1805.  His  father,  Charles,  was  born  in 
that  State,  and  died  in  1817  ;  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  resided  in  that  State 
until  the  age  of  30  ;  part  of  the  time 
farming  and  part  clerking  for  James 
Gibson  of  Queenstown.  In  October, 
1836,  he  went  to  St.  Louis,  and  remained 
there  until  Oct.  1837,  engaged  as  a  clerk 
fot  David  B.  Hill,  Inmber  merchant. 
The  same  month  he  left  St.  Louis  and 
went  to  Dnbuque,  Iowa,  remaining  in 
Dubuque  Co.  several  years  ;  In  1840,  he 
moved  to  Delaware  Co.,  farming  for  two 
years,  when  he  moved  to  Delhi,  where 
he  resided  until  1 857,  when  he  went  to 
Osage,  Mitchell  Co.,  and  served  two 
years  and  one  half  as  Keceiver  of  Land 
Office.  That  office  being  abolished,  he 
returned  to  Delhi,  where  he  has  since 


resided.  Was  the  First  Clerk  of  District 
Court  and  also  of  Commissioners  Court 
holdmg  each  position  for  seven  years' 
Recorder  of  Deeds  one  term.  Took  the 
U.  S.  census  for  this  county  in  1860 
Has  been  Justice  of  the  Peace  seven  or 
eight  years,  and  also  Postmaster  of 
Delhi.  He  married  Mary  E.  A.  Rino-- 
gold   in   Queenstowo,    Md.,    Dec.    22 

1831.     She  died .  jhey 

had  four  children,  three  living— Charles 
P.,  born  Nov.  11,  1833;  Alexander, 
G.,  Sept.  4,  1836,  and  Thomas  Wilson 
Benton,  Feb.  4,  1842,  and  one  dead- 
Anna  Mary  Wilson.  Married  his  pre- 
sent wife,  Philinda  S.  Barnes  in  Delhi, 
July  6,  1856  ;  she  was  born  in  Franklin 
Co.,  Ver.,  Aug.  13,  1831  ;  they  had 
seven  children,  two  living — Theron  W 
born  May  12,  1862,  and  Beriha  Mina' 
Ang.  7,  1865;  five  died  in  infancv 

HOLBROOK  CAPT.  JOISEPH 
31.  County  Treasurer,  De.hi;  born  in 
Sackett's  Harbor,  N.  Y. ;  came  to  Man- 
chester, Delaware  Co.,  in  1859 ;  was  in 
the  grain  business  till  the  war  broke  out 
when  he  assisted  in  the  orgnization  of 
a  company  for  the  27th  Iowa  V.  I.; 
was  mustered  into  service  as  First  Lieu- 
tenant Company  F,  Aug.  14,  1862- 
followed  the  varied  fortunes  of  the  regi- 
ment under  Gen.  Banks  till  he  was 
wounded  at  Pleasant  Hill  on  Red  River ; 
was  sent  to  New  Orleans  where  the  am- 
putation of  his  arm  became  necessary  ; 
was  commissioned  Captain  Aug.  24, 
1863 ;  served  on  Court  Martial  duty  at 
Memphis,  Tenn.,  till  he  was  honorably 
discharged  July  13,  1865;  the  Captain 
has  served  as  Treasurer  of  Delaware  Co. 
for  twelve  years,  a  position  which  h%still 
holds  with  credit  to  himself  and  to  the 
satisfaction  of  the  people. 

Holdridge  Riley,  far.  S.  23 ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

House  L.  S.  far.  Sec.  16 ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

HOUSE  &  DOOLEY,  Attorneys 
and  Counselors  at  Law,  Delhi ;  A.  E, 
House  was  born  in  Oswego  Co.,  N.  Y., 
Dec.  13,  1828  ;  was  educated  in  his  na- 
tive county  where  he  also  studied  law  in 
the  offices  of  Judge  Allen  and  D.  H. 
Marsh ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1 85 1 ; 
married  Miss  Louisa  M.  Spang  in  1858; 
she  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  ;  have  one 
child  —  Arthur,  aged  11;  the  Judge 
served  as  Major  of  the  6th  Iowa  V.  Cav- 


604 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY : 


airy  during  the  war ;  Mr.  T,  J.  Dooley 
was  born  in  La  Salle,  111.,  Sept.  1, 1853  ; 
studied  his  profession  in  his  native 
county,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1872 ;  came  to  Delaware  Co.  in  1876. 

Howe  C.  W.  butcher ;  Delhi. 

Hughes  A.  R.  laborer ;  Delhi. 

Hughes  Frazier,  laborer  ;  Delhi. 

Hutchins  Marvin,  prop.  Harding  Hotel ; 
Delhi. 

JACKSON  JAMES,  farmer,  Sec.  15; 
P.  0.  Delhi. 

JACKSOW  HEIVRY  C.  County 
Recorder,  Delhi;  born  in  Hopkinton, 
this  county,  Feb.  23, 1844;  his  parents 
came  to  this  county  in  an  early  day  and 
were  among  the  first  settlers ;  he  was 
educated  at  the  Lenox  Collegiate  Insti- 
tute, formerly  known  as  the  Bowen  Col- 
legiate Institute,  of  Hopkinton  ;  mar- 
ried Miss  EllaE.  Wells,  Sept.  27, 1876  ; 
she  was  born  in  Fulton,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  3, 
1853;  came  to  this  county  in  1868; 
Mr.  J.  was  elected  Recorder  in  the  Fall 
of  1874,  a  position  which  he  still  holds 
with  credit  and  ability. 

Joslin  Benj.  farmer,  S.  31  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Joslin  J.  R.  fanner,  S.  31  ;  P.   0.   Delhi. 

Joslin  W.  J.  farmer,  S.  31  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

KEITH  P.  W.  clerk  Harding  House; 
Delhi.  / 

Keith  Thomas,  farmer ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Kelley  James,  farmer ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Kelley  Michael,  P.  0.  Delhi. 

KeUeyT.C.  laborer;  Delhi. 

Kelley  Thomas,  farm.;  S.  13  ;  P.O.  Delhi. 

KENXA  PATRICK,  Proprietor 
Billiard  Hall  and  Saloon,  Delhi;  born 
in  Canada  Feb.  14,  1852 ;  came  to  the 
United  States  when  quite  young  ;  has  a 
f^nt  recollection  of  seeing  Niagara 
Falls ;  first  settled  in  Jackson  Co., 
Iowa;  in  1857  moved  to  Jones  Co.; 
came  to  Delaware  Co.  in  1862;  mar- 
ried Miss  Charlotte  A.  McLaughlin 
Jan.  6,  1865 ;  she  was  born  in  Key 
Port,  New  Jersey ;  have  two  children — 
Letitia  and  William. 

Kenny  Ross,  farmer ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Kinney  Wm. 

Kofhmehl  Joseph,  wagon  maker;  Delhi. 

Kourt   Barnard,   farmer,  S.    34 ;    P    0 
Delhi. 

Kurlson  R. 

T   ACRONE  I.  A.  blacksmith,  Delhi.  , 


Lampeon  R.  H.  tenant  farmer;  Sec  1  ■ 
P.  0.  Delhi.  ■     ' 

Lampson  S.  farmer.  Sec.  7  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 
Laughlin  John,  far. ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 
Lees  Henry,  far.  S.  14 ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 
Lenehan  Pat.  saloon  ;  Delhi. 
Libe  Adam,  far.  S.  13  ;  P.   0.  Earlville. 
Long  Jos.  far.   Sec.  6  ;  P.   0.  Delaware! 
Lorig  Matt  blacksmith ;  Delhi. 
Lovell  F.  A.  tinner  ;  Delhi. 
Lutes  William,  carp.,  Sec.  20  ;  Delhi. 
Lux  Geo.  far.  Sec.  36 ;  P.   0.   Earlville 
Lux  M.  far.  Sec.  36 ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 
Lux  Peter,  far.  Sec.  35  ;  P.  0.  Delhi 

McCANN  JOHN,  farmer.  See.  20  ■ 
P.  0.  Delhi. 

McCormiik  Nathaniel,  far. ;  P.  0.  Delhi 

McCoy  H.  C.  mason ;  Delhi. 

McElmel  J.  F.  far.,  S.  25 ;  P.  0.  Delhi 

McEIiMEIi  JOHN,  Merchant, 
Delhi ;  born  in  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  Nov.  7, 
1843  ;  came  to  Delaware  Co.  in  1855  ■ 
crossed  the  plains  in  1864,  to  the  gold 
regions  of  California ;  came  back  in 
1868  ;  married  Miss  Mary  E.  Lux  in 
1870  ;  she  was  born  in  Prussia;  have 
four  children  living — Helen,  Stephen, 
Eugene  and  John ;  lost  one  child, 
Margaret.  Mr.  M.  has  been  engaged 
in  merchandising  at  his  present  location 
since  last  Fall ;  keeps  a  general  stock 
and  by  fair  dealing  and  honest  goods 
hopes  to  increase  his  already  established 
business. 

McElmeel  Jos.  far.,  Sec.  25,;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

McElmeel  Owen,  far.,  S.  36  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

McGuire  Barney,  section  boss,  Delhi. 

McGuire  Bernard,  clerk,  Delhi. 

McGuire  John,  laborer,  P.  0.  Delhi. 

McKEE  OEOROE  H.  Farmer, 
Sec.  9  ;  P.  0.  Earlville  ;  born  Jefferson 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  at  Sackett's  Harbor,  Jan. 
15, 1827.  In  1850  he  went  to  the  gold 
regions  of  California ;  returned  to  New 
York  in  1853  ;  came  to  Dubuque  Co.  in 
1854,  and  to  Delaware  County  in  1866. 
He  married  Miss  Lucretia  A.  Fitsim- 
mons  Jan.  4,  1854  ;  she  was  born  in 
Orleans  Co.,  Vt.,  Jan.  23,  1835 ;  have 
five  children  living — Monroe  C,  Emmet 
S.,  Martha  A.,  Mary  L.,  and  Bertha  L. 
Owns  215  acres  of  land, 

McKee    A.  C.  far..  Sec.  9  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

McLaughlin  Thos.  far.,  S.  15 ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

McLaughlin  Thos.  H.  farmer,  Sec.  15;  P. 
0.  Delhi. 


DELHI  TOWNSHIP 


605 


McMeel  Barney,  blacksmith,  Delhi. 

McMeel  James,  farmer ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

McMeel  Owen,  stone  mason  ;  Delhi. 

McMeel  P.  blacksmith  ;  Delhi. 

McMillan  John,  saloon  ;  Delhi. 

McEeynolds  Charles,  lab.  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

MoKeynolds  E.  W.  farmer;  Sec.  16  •  P 
0.  Delhi.  '     ■ 

Martin  Erastus,  teamster ;  Delhi. 

Martin  Thomas,  laborer ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Mason  Martin,  carpenter;  Delhi. 

Mitchell  James,  far.,  S.  24  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Moore  Nelson,  far.,  S.  4 ;  P.  0.  Delaware. 

Moore  Milton. 

Morgan  B.  S.  carpenter ;  Delhi. 

Morgan  F.  E.  mechanic  ;  Delhi. 

Morgan  "Wm.  carpenter ;  Delhi. 

Myers  Eufus  R. ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

"VTAYLAN    MICHAEL,   laborer;  P. 

JJN       0.  Delhi. 

Neal  W.  F.  painter  ;  Delhi. 

Nugent  J.  F.  Catholic  priest ;  Delhi. 

Noble  J.  M.  retired ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Norris  Harrison,  laborer ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Norris  James,  renter ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Norris,  J.  W.  Delhi. 

STORRIIS  liEONARD,  Farmer,  S. 
14  ;  P.  0.  Delhi ;  born  in  Washington 
Co.,  Ky.,  Jan.  26,  1817 ;  moved  to  Illi- 
nois in  1831  ;  married  Miss  Martha  Ash- 
burn  Sept.  13,  1842;  she  was  born  in 
Overton  Co.,  Tenn.,  Jan.  11,  1825  ;  they 
came  to  Delaware  Co.  in  1843,  when  but 
few  white  people  had  ventured  into  what 
was  thought  a  wild  and  cheerless  Eldo- 
rado ;  have  seven  children  living — John 
W.,  James  T.,  Joseph  B.,  Harrison, 
Royal  L.,  Susan  E.  and  Ida  May;  lost 
three  children.  Mr.  N.  entered  the  land 
upon  which  he  now  lives  and  owns. 

Norris  Thos.,  far.,  Sec.  14  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Nutting  S.  M.  carpenter ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

OEHLER  AMBROSE,  far. ;  Sec.  14, 
P.  0.   Earlville. 
Oehler  Geo.  far.,  Sec.  14  ;   P.  0.  Earlville. 
Olmsted  S.  E.  far..  Sec.  19 ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 
"DALMER  JOHN,  agent ;  Delhi. 

Parker  Alfred,  far.,  S.  3;  P.  0.  Earlville. 
Parker  Elias,  far.,  Sec.  3 ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 
Patterson  J.  T. 

Pearson  P.  M.  laborer ;  Delhi. 
Penn  Geo.  W.  farmer,  S.  9  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 
Penn  John  T.  merchant ;  Delhi. 
PENX  JOHDf  W.  Retired  Farmer, 
Sec.  9 ;  P.  0.  Delhi ;  born  in  Nelson 


Co  Va.,  Nov.  24  1810;  emigrated  to 
Dubuque  Co  m  1833  ;  lived  there  until 
1839,  when  he  came  to  Delaware  Co 
in  the  Spring,  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the 
county ;  went  hunting  with  the  Indians 
a  great  many  times  and  camped  out  with 
them  ;  took  a  claim  of  the  land  where 
they  now  live,  in  a  beautiful  grove 
through  which  runs  a  delightful  stream, 
both  of  which  bear  the  name  of  Penn 
after  the  subject  of  this  sketch ;  mar- 
ried  Widow  Dance  (maiden  name  Par- 
melia  Sade)  Feb.  10,  1846;  she  was 
born  in  Gallatin  Co.,  Ky.,  January 
27,  1817;  her  parents  moved  near 
Springfield,  111.,  when  she  was  a  child ; 
she  had  four  children  by  former  mar- 
riage—Amos J.,  Francis  M.,  William 
M.  and  Mrs.  Melissa  Stoner  ;  they  have 
five  children— Eliza,  now  Mrs.  John 
Norris;  John  T.,  George  W.,  Mary, 
now  Mrs.  Furman,  and  Fannie  L. ;  the 
first  Com.  Court  was  held  in  Mr.  P.'s 
cabin  ;  he  has  been  Sherifi'  ten  years, 
Justice  of  the  Peace  two  years,  and 
held  various  positions  of  trust  and 
honor. 

Peters  H.  E.  teacher ;  Delhi. 

Peters  H.  K.  farmer ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

PETERS  COIi.  JOHX  H.  Attor- 
ney at  Law,  Delhi ;  born  in  Litchfield 
Co.,  Conn.,  Feb.  2, 1829  ;  was  educated 
at  the  district  school  and  academy  of  his 
native  village  and  completed  at  Trinity 
College,  Hartford,  Conn.,  where  he  also 
received  the  rudiments  of  a  military  ed- 
ucj,tion,  which  proved  of  great  service 
to  him  in  after  life  ;  studied  law  in  the 
in  the  office  of  the  Hon.  Truman  Smith, 
since  U.  S.  Senator  from  that  State ; 
in  1852,  removed  to  Preeport,  111.,  and 
was  soon  after  admitted  to  practice  in 
the  Supreme. Court  of  that  State,  at  the 
Capitol,  by  examination  ;  came  to  Delhi, 
the  county  seat  of  Delaware  Co.,  and 
commenced  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion, showing  marked  ability  and  energy 
and  at  an  early  age  took  a  prominent 
position  among  the  leading  members  of 
the  bar  of  Northern  Iowa ;  the  Colonel 
was  a  brave  and  dashing  officer  during  the 
war,  beloved  by  his  men  and  respected 
by  all ;  he  is  now  engaged  in  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  at  Delhi,  where  he 
is  surrounded  by  a  host  of  admiring 
friends  and  acquaintances. 


606 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


Petlon    Jacob,    farmer,     Sec.    6 ;    P.  0. 

Delaware. 
Phillips  Bloomer,  tenant  farmer,  Sec.  22  ; 

P.  0.  Delhi. 
Phillips  J.  M.  farm.,  S.  23 ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 
Phillips  Zina,  renter,  S.  22 ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 
Poor  J.  tenant  far.,  S.  19;  P.  0.  Delhi. 
Porter  J.  evergreen  nursery ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 
Powell  C.   W.  farmer;    See.   11;    P.  0. 

Earlville. 
Powell   Martin,  farmer.    Sec.    12;    P.   0. 

Earlville. 
Powers  John,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Delhi. 
Preston  Alvah,  laborer ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 
Preston  Alvah,  Sr.,  retired ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 
Price  William,  laborer  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 
Pulver  B.  farmer,  Sec.  22  ;   P.  0.  Delhi. 
Pulver  Daniel,  farm.,  S.  15  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 
Pulver  Henry,  retired,  S.  15;  P.O.  Delhi. 
Pulver  J.   M.  farm.,  S.  15;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

ROBINSON  CHAELES,  farmer,    S. 
12  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 
Robinson  William,  farmer,  Sec.   10;    P. 

0.  Earlville. 
Rockwell  William,  farmer ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 
Rue  G.  H.  laborer;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

SANBORN  RAWSON.  farm  hand, 
Sec.  7 ;  P.  0.  Delhi.  ' 

ISATTEBIiEE  JEROME  B. 
Attorney  and  Clerk  of  the  Courts, 
Delhi ;  born  in  Herkimer  Co.,  N.  Y., 
July  3,  1838 ;  was  educated  at  Pair- 
field  Seminary ;  commenced  the  study 
of  his  profession  in  his  native  county, 
but  at  the  breakinf;  out  of  the  war 
enlisted  in  the  44th  N.  Y.  V.  I.;  partici- 
pated in  the  various  battles  jn  which 
his  regiment  was  engaged,  till  he  was 
honorably  discharged,  Aug.  30,  1864; 
came  to  Delaware  Co.  in  1866 ;  con- 
tinued his  study  in  the  oflBce  of  the 
Hon.  Ray  B.  Griffin ;  admitted  to  the 
Bar  in  April,  1867 ;  married  Miss 
Frances  E.  Wood,  of  Manchester,  -Iowa, 
Sept.  22,  1868;  she  was  born  in  Grant 
Co.,  Wis.,  May  28,  1848;  have  two 
children  — Mary  D.  and  M.  Clark. 
Served  as  Justice  of  the  Peace  two 
years,  and  is  now  serving  his  second 
term  as  Clerk  of  the  Courts,  the  duties 
of  whicli  he  performs  faithfully  and  well. 

Shaw  John  H.  laborer,  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Shaw  Thomas,  far.,  Sec.  18  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Shaw  Wm.  Andrew,  laborer;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Sherburne  Geo.  N.,  printer;  Delhi. 

Slidburne  S.  laborer;  P.  0.  Delhi. 


Short  Moses,  teamster;  Delhi. 

Shottmiller  Frank,  farmer,  Sec.  I ;  P.  Q. 
Earlville. 

Sims  J.  W.  gardener ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

SIMOIKTS  G-EORGE,  Farmer,  Sec. 
23 ;  P.  0.  Delhi ;  born  in  Buckingham- 
shire, Eng.,  Deo.  25,  1817.  Married 
Miss  Sarah  Short,  March  12,  1837;  she 
was  born  in  same  shire  March,  19,1818. 
He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1842, 
and  settled  in  Ohio,  where  they  remained 
four  and  a  half  years  ;  then  returned  to 
England,  coming  back  to  Ohio  in  two 
and  a  half  years  again ;  came  to  this 
county  in  1860.  They  have  five  chil- 
dren living — Thomas,  Maria,  Edward  J., 
Joseph  C.  and  Mary  E.;  have  lost  four 
children.  Mr.  S.  and  his  son  Thomas 
served  in  the  21st  Reg.  I.  V.  I.,  during 
the  war ;  he  was  wounded  at  Hartsville, 
Mo.,  and  will  cany  the  rebel  lead  to  his 
grave ;  was  wounded  in  head  and  knee 
at  same  battle  ;  was  taken  sick  in  Texas, 
and  sent  to  New  Orleans  in  Invalid 
Corps ;  took  small-pox  there ;  was  hon- 
orably discharged  in  May,  1865. 

Simons  J.  B.  far.,  Sec.  24 ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Simons  Thomas,  farmer.  Sec.  23 ;  P.  0. 
Delhi. 

Smith  D.  M.  farmer  and  minister.  Sec.  5 ; 
P.  0.  Delaware. 

Smith  Erastus,  far.,  Sec.  32  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

SMITH  FRANCIS  K.  Superin- 
tendent Poor  Farm  of  Delaware  Cottnty; 
Delhi ;  born  in  Erie  County,  0.,  Dec. 
12,  1822.  He  married  Miss  Elizabeth 
Minkler  Feb.  7,  1844 ;  have  three  chil- 
dren by  this  marriage,  one  of  whom  is 
now  living  (Mrs.  Ennis  Martin,  of  Os- 
wego, N.  Y.)  ;  lost  his  wife  in  1859. 
Was  married  again  to  Mrs.  Craig,  whose 
maiden  name  was  Miss  Nellie  J.  Dull, 
Feb.  22,  1865 ;  she  had  three  children 
by  first  marriage,  two  of  whom  are  liv- 
ing— Jennie  M.  and  S.  Lyle ;  Mrs.  S. 
was  born  in  Portage  County,  0.,  Nov. 
27,  1839.  Mr.  S.  and  his  estimable 
wife  have  for  some  time  had  charge  of 
the  unfortunates  who  have  been  taken 
"  over  the  hill  to  the  Poor  House."  The 
order  and  neatness  that  prevail  about 
the  premises  conclusively  show  that  they 
are  the  right  persons  in  the  right  place. 
They  have  had  two  children,  one  living, 
Ada  E.  Their  little  boy,  William  Bur- 
ton, or,  as  he  was  better  known  by  all 


DELHI  TOWNSHIP. 


the    household     and    friends,    "Little 
Bertie,"  died  May  2,  1875. 
"Put  away  the  little  garments, 

Bertie  needs  them  now  no  mure. 
Jesus  watches  safely  o'er  him, 
On  that  bright  and  happy  shore." 
Smith  G.  D.  laborer ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 
Smith  J.  B.  far.,  S.  28  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 
Smith  Mortimer,  far.,  S.  28 ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 
Smith  Samuel,  far.,  Sec.  19;  P.  0.  Delhi. 
Snell  John,  far..  Sec.    17  ;    P.  0.    Delhi 
Spang  H.  -A.  retired  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 
Standacher   John,  far..    Sec.   29  •     P    O 

Earlville. 
STOWE  ANDREW  whose  portroit 
appears  in  this  work,  is  of  Welsh  extrac- 
tion. His  father,  Carder  Stone,  was  an 
old  resident  of  Providence,  Khode 
Island,  and  died  in  Milford,  Otsego  Co., 
N.  Y.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was 
born  March  28, 1807,  in  Milford,  0(;sego 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  he  remained  farming 
-with  his  father  until  the  age  of  21.  He 
then  purchased  a  farm  of  his  own.  He 
same  to  Delaware  Co.  in  April  21,  1854 
and  settled  in  Delhi  Tp.,  Sec.  9,  residing 
there  one  year.  He  then  moved  to  the 
village  of  Delhi,  where  he  has  resided 
ever  since ;  he  has  been  Justice  of  the 
Peace  two  terms.  Township  Trustee  two 
terms.  Poor  House  Director  four  and 
one  half  years;  he  married  Dee.  27, 
1827,  Priscilla  Pepper  in  Milford  ;  she 
was  born  in  1800,  in  Ware,  Mass.,  and 
died  April  17,  1876 at  Delhi;  they  had 
seven  children,  five  living — Henry  B., 
Emily  M.,  Leverett  S.,  Chester  D.  and 
James  L. ;  two  dead — Sevilla  A.  and 
Hiram.  Married  his  present  wife,  Eliza- 
beth Van  Deusen,  in  Delhi,  Oct.  15, 
1876.  She  was  born  in  Columbia  Co., 
N.  Y.,  Jan.  22,  1821. 
,Stahr  J.  W.  far.,  S.  35  ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 
Stoner    Cyrus,  farmer,    See.    10 ;  P.    0. 

Delhi. 
Stone  C.  D.  farmer.  Sec.  7  :  P.  O.  Delhi. 
SiVIHlIEBlS  SYIiVESTER   S. 
Collection  Agent  and  Notary   Public ; 
Delhi ;  born  in  Livingston    Co.,  N.  Y., 
Sept.  11,    1839  ;   lived  there  till    1865 
when  he   came  to   Delaware    Co. ;  fol- 
lowed teaching  12  years  ;  has  served  as 
Justice  of  the  Peace  for  several  terms, 
a  position  he  now  holds  with  ability  en- 
joying the  confidence  and  respect  of  the 
people ;  was   married   to    Miss   Jennie 


607 


Thompson  in   1868;  she   was  born  in 
Livingston  Co.,  N.  Y 

o^*^°°  i  P-  f^"--'  Sec.  21  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 
Sutton  S.  D.  far..  Sec.  6 ;  P.  0.  Delhi 
bweeney  Andrew,  laborer ;  P.  0.  Delhi 
Swinburne  John,  sexton  ;  Delhi 
SWIBTBUSTE  J.  B.  Editor  of"  Delhi 
Monitor;"  was  born   at  Cottam,    Ene- 
land,  Nov.    21,   1849;  came   with  hia 
parants  to  the  U.  S.  in  1852,  and  settled 
m  Lockport,  111. ;  after  remaining  there 
one  year  ;  they  went  to  Joliet,  where  he 
remained  until  1855,  when  he  came  to 
Delhi ;  in  1859  he  commenced  theprint- 
ing    business    in   Delhi    with    J.    L 
McCreery,  of  "  Delaware  Co.  Journal/' 
and  worked  three  years.     In  1 863,  he 
went   to    Dubuque  and  worked  on    the 
Dubuque  Times.     In  1864,  he  went  to 
Manchester  and  worked  four  years  on 
the  Delaware  Co.  Union.     From  1868 
to  1872,  he   worked   on   the  Dubuque 
Herald.    In  1872  came  to  Delhi,  and 
took  charge  as  Foreman  of  the  Delaware 
Co.    Recorder.      In   Aug.,   1872,  he 
bought  the    Recorder  and  changed  its 
name  to  Delhi  Monitor.     He  has  made 
it   a   first-class  paper,  which  has  been 
steadily  increasing  in  circulation  every 
year,  and  to-day  ranks  with  any  of  the 
papers  of  this  county. 

TALMADGE  GEO.  farmer,  Sec.  31. 
P.  0.  Delhi. 

Tegard  L.  D. 

Thompson  Daniel,  laborer ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Thompson  Frank,  laborer ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Thompson  Isaac,  tailor ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Thompson  Joe,  printer  in  Monitor  o&oe, 
Delhi. 

Thompson  John  Q.  school  teacher;  Delhi. 

Thompson  Wm.  laborer ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

THOBPE  BEXJAMIN,  Sr. 
Merchant,  Delhi ;  born  in  Stamford, 
Conn.,  February  11,  1814;  moved  to 
Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y. ;  lived  there  seven 
years,  and  moved  into  the  city  of  New 

'  York,  where  he  remained  17  years ;  was 
engaged  in  manufacturing  hats ;  married 
Miss  Elizabeth  Lasher  in  Dutchess  Co., 
the  place  of  her  nativity ;  they  have 
eight  children — Benjamin,  Jr.,  Charles, 
Garrett  L.,  Rachel  A.,  Sturges  P., 
Alfred,  George  M.  and  Richard ;  came 
to  Delhi  in  1855,  and  has  been  engaged 
in  business  here  since  1856. 

Tibbitts  A.  E.  far.,  S.  16 ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 


608 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


Traynor  John,   farm   hand  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Tubbs  E.  P.  farmer.  S.  22  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

TUBBS  GEORGE,  Farmer,  Sec. 
16;  P.  0.  Delhi;  born  in  Otsego  Co., 
N.  Y.,  Feb.  19,  1803;  in  1844,  moved 
to  McHenry  Co.,  111. ;  married  Miss 
Amy  Swift,  of  Otsego  Co.,  N.  Y. ; 
eight  children,  seven  of  whom  are  still 
living — Anna  V.  (deceased),  Mrs.  Betsy 
White,  Eliza,  Mrs.  Alsena  Baker,  Mrs. 
Cynthia  Benson  ;  Hyde  E.,  Mrs.  Maha- 
la  White,  Mrs.  Harriet  Tibbetts  ;  wife 
died  Oct.  4,  1873 ;  was  married  to  the 
Widow  Macrennels  (maiden  name  Mary 
A.  Blewett)  in  1874 ;  she  was  born  in 
Cornwall,  Eng.,  May  10, 1827  ;  she  had 
six  children  by  first  marriage — Blias  W., 
Jane  A.,  Charles  H.,  Lorinda,  Sarah, 
and  Fannie  E.  (deceased)  ;  Mr.  T.  came 
to  Delaware  Co.,  in  1851 ;  they  own  118 
acres  of  land. 

Turner  Eli,  farmer,  S.  14  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Turner  Samuel,  far.  S.  14 ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Twiss  T.  A.  Deputy  Auditor  Delaware  Co. ; 
Delhi. 

VAN  ANTWERP  DANIEL,  farmer, 
Sec.  7 ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 
TTTARD  JOHN. 

WATTSOllir  GEORGE,  Attorney 
at  Law,  Delhi ;  born  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  March  9,  1819  ;  parents  removed 
to  Jefferson  Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was 
reared  and  educated  ;  studied  his  pro- 
fession in  the  office  of  Hon.  Andrew 
Trumo,  of  Ky. ;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1842  ;  practiced  two  years  in  part- 
nership with  his  preceptor;  moved  to 
Detroit,  Mich.,  in  1845,  where  he  prac- 


ticed one  year  with  Hon.  John  Norvelr 
U.  S.  District  Attorney ;  his  health  fail- 
ing, he  spent  several  years  in  travel, 
hunting  and  fishing ;  came  to  Delhi  in 
1856 ;  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attor- 
ney, but  did  not  accept ;  served  as  Dis- 
trict Attorney  of  Ninth  Judicial  District 
four  years  and  County  Recorder  two 
years ;  married  Miss  Elizabeth  Rutan 
Aug.  4,  1860;  she  was  born  in  Pater- 
son,  New  Jersey ;  they  have  one  son — 
George  Webster. 

Way  Wm.  tenant  far.  S.  5  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Wheelock  Zibo,  far.  S.  23 ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

WHITE  ElilSHA  M.  Farmer, 
Sec.  16;  P.  0.  Delhi ;  born  in  Oswego 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  26,  1833;  parente 
moved  to  Ohio  in  1834 ;  remained  there 
three  years,  and  went  to  McHenry  Co., 
111. ;  in  1849,  his  family  went  to  Califor- 
nia and  the  family  returned  to  Ohio ; 
Mr.  White  came  to  Delaware  Co.  in 
1856;  married  Miss  Betsey  Tubbs  Deo. 
25,  1857;  she  was  born  in  Oswego  Co., 
N.  Y.,  April  6,  1831 ;  have  three  chU- 
dren  living — Harriet  8.,  JohnR.,  Lottie 
A. ;  lost  one  child  in  infancy ;  owns  80 
acres  of  land. 

White  Geo.  tenant  far.  S.  9  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Whitaker  J.  J.  farmer.  Sec.  14 ;  P.  0. 
Earlville. 

White  J.  R.  tenant  farmer ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

White  Ward,  carpenter;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Wilcox  Erastus,  far.  S.  29  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Wilcox  Geo.  farmer,  S.  32 ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Wilson  Frank,  far.  Sec.  28  ;  P.  0.  Delhi.  I 

Winters  William. 

Wolfe  J.  H.  farmer.  Sec.  18 ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 


COLONY    TOWNSHIP. 


ADAMS   W.   S.   blacksmith;  P.    0. 
Colesburg. 
Averitt  Jas  F.  P.  0.  Colesburg. 
Averitt  Thomas  E.,  M.  D. ;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

BARKER  WM.  farmer  and  mason;  Sec. 
10  ;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 
Bassett   George,   renter ;  Sec.    17  ;  P.    0. 

Colesburg. 
Bockenstedt  Clemans,  farmer ;  Sec.  26  ;  P. 
0.  New  Vienna. 


Bockenstedt  F.  H.  far. ;  S.  27  ;  P.  0.  New 
Vienna. 

Bohnenkamp  T.  far. ;  S.  27  ;  P.  0.  Peters- 
burg. 

Bohnenkamp  W.  far. ;  S.  36  ;  P.  0.  New- 
Vienna. 

Bolsinger  A.  J.;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Bolsinger  C.  W.  clerk ;  P.  0.  Colesbug. 

Bolsinger  E.  J.  fax. ;  S.  15;  P.O.  Colesburg. 

Bolsinger  J.  K.  clerk  ;  Colesburg. 


COLONY   TOWNSHIP. 


609 


Bolsinger  P.  C.  merchant ;  Colesburg. 

BUSH  ElilZABETH,  Widow; 
(maiden  name  Long)  ;  resides  on  farm  ; 
Sec.  6  ;  P.  0.  Colesburg ;  born  in  North- 
ampton Co.,  Pa.,  Nov.,  1799 ;  was 
married  in  1818,  to  Henry  Bush,  who 
was  born  in  Pa.  in  1797  ;  died  July  16, 
1847 ;  have  seven  children  living — 
Sarah  M.  (Kinney),  George,  Wm.  War- 
ren, Ellen  (Strader),  Emily  (Potts),  and 
John  V. ;  lost  three — Henry,  Mary  A. 
and  Sophia ;  came  to  this  county  in 
1851,  when  the  country  was  quite  new ; 
she  is  now  in  her  79th  year,  and  never 
until  last  Pall  required  the  services  of  a 
physician  ;  she  is  a  member  of  the  Con- 
gregational Church. 

Bush  Geo.  W.  far.,  S.  6;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

BUSH  JOHN  V.  Dealer  in  Drugs, 
Medicines,  Paints,  Oils,  Dye  Stuffs,  Gro- 
ceries, Hardware,  Boots,  Shoes,  Station- 
ery aad  Toilet  Goods.  Prescriptions 
carefully  compounded.  Born  in  Mon- 
roe Co.,  Pa.,  Jan.  11,  1840,  accompa- 
nied his  mother  to  this  county  in  1851, 
settled  on  the  farm  two  miles  west  of 
town,  where  she  still  resides.  He  was 
married.  May  22,  1861,  to  Amelia  Bris- 
tol ;  she  was  born  in  Orange  Co.,  N.  Y., 
March  13, 1840.  Have  four  children — 
Wilbur  H.,  Ella,  John  A.  and  Lizzie. 
In  1869,  he  came  to  Colesburg,  and  was 
in  charge  ef  the  steam  saw-mill  until 
1875 ;  commenced  the  drug  business 
here  in  1876.  When  Mr.  B.  first  came 
to  this  county,  it  was  wild  and  all  kinds 
of  game  abundant,  of  which  he  has 
brought  down  his  share. 

CAIRL  DAN'L  S.  carpenter;  P.  0. 
Colesburg. 

Cairl  Eugene,  photographer  ;  Colesburg. 

Caskey  James,  miller;  Colesburg. 

Chapman  Jos.,  Justice  of  the  Peace;  Coles- 
burg. 

Chapman  Wm.  P.,  tinner ;  Colesburg. 

Cleveland  Chas.  carpenter ;  Colesburgli 

Cloud  Marion,  far.,  S.  20;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Cole  Geo.  renter,  S.  20 ;  P.  0.  Coleburg. 

Cole  Jas.  farmer,  8.  20 ;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Cole  Michael,  far.,  8.  5 ;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

COIiE  THOMAS,  Dealer  in  Dry 
Goods,  Groceries,  Drugn,  etc.,  Colesburg. 
Born  in  England  June  11, 1825,  came  to 
the  United  States  in  1832,  and  settled  in 
Tioga  Co.,  N.  Y.;  came  to  this  county 
in  1847,  went  to  New  York  in  1849, 


and  was  married  to  Hannah  Wilson, 
and  returned  the  same  year;  she  was 
born  in  England  in  1829.  Mr.  C.  en- 
gaged in  business  soon  after  his  arrival, 
occupying  a  part  of  the  same  building 
he  is  in  at  present.  There  was  only  a 
log  cabin  in  Colesburg  when  he  came ; 
the  following  year  there  were  two  more 
built,  and  for  ten  years  settlers  came  in 
slowly.  Is  probably  the  oldest  merchant 
in  the  county.  Have  one  child — Ella  L.; 
lost  two — Matee  and  Minnie.  Mr.  C. 
was  Township  Clerk  two  terms.  Trustee 
four,  and  School  Director  one;  was  Post- 
master five  years.  Family  belong  to  the 
Methodist  Church. 

Cole  Wm.  renter.  Sec.  21;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Coleman  B.  F.  shoemaker  ;  Colesburg. 

Conrad  Geo.  far..  Sec.  1;  P.  O.  Colesburg. 

Crebal  John,  far..  Sec.  34;  P.O.Petersburg. 

Curler  Francis,  far.  S.  3  ;    P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Curry  R.  C.  potter  ;  Colesburg. 

DATARS   HENRY,   renter;    P.  0. 
New  Vienna. 
Delong  0.  P.  blacksmith ;  Colesburg. 
Deutmeyer  Henry,  farmer,  Sec.  27  ;   P.  0. 

Petersburg. 
Dickson  George,  P.  0.  Colesburg. 
Dickson  Jas.  Jr.,  P.  0.  Colesburg. 
DICKSON  JAMES,  Farmer,  Sec. 

30  ;  P.  0.  Colesburg  ;  born  in  Lanark- 
shire, Scotland,  May  10,  1820.  Was 
married  April  23,  1843,  to  Margaret 
Hill ;  she  was  born  in  Ayreshire,  Scot- 
land, in  1818;  emigrated  to  the  U.S.  in 
1849;  lived  in  New  York  till  August 
of  the  same  year  ;  moved  to  Perry  Co., 
Ind.,  and  to  this  township  in  1851 ;  set- 
tled on  Sec.  1,  near  Colesburg.  Mrs.  D. 
died  Oct.  12, 1866  ;  she  was  the  mother 
of  three  children— Thomas,  Grace  and 
George ;  all  born  in  Scotland.  Moved 
to  this  farm  in  1871,  and  owns  210 
acres.  Has  been  Road  Supervisor  three 
years,  and  his  third  term  as  School  Di- 
rector. Family  attend  the  Congrega- 
tional Church. 

DICKSON    JOHN,   Farmer,   Sec. 

31  •  P  0.  Earlville;  born  in  Lanark- 
shire, Scotland,  June  18,  1815.  Was 
married  December  29,  1835,  to  Isabelle 
Rodger,  who  was  born  in  same  county 
in  1811.  Mr.  D.  was  apprenticed  to  the 
milling  business  in  1831 ;  was  master 
of  the  trade  in  18^5  ;  has  worked  at  it 
for  30  years.     Came  to  this  county  m 


610 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY : 


1871  ;  bought  this  farm  of  54  acres, 
and  still  resides  here.  Mrs.  D.  died 
March  27, 1878;  she  was  the  mother  of 
eleven  children,  nine  living — Margaret, 
Elizabeth,  John,  Agnes,  Jane,  Isabel, 
James,  Thomas  and  Janet ;  lost  two — 
Thomas  and  Mary.  Family  are  all 
members  of  the  Church  of  Scotland. 

DICKSOX  ROBERT,  Farmer; 
Sec.  31  ;  P.  0.  Earlville ;  born  in  Lan- 
arkshire, Scotland,  April  21,  1830 ; 
canie  to  the  U.  S.  in  1851,  and  to  this 
county  same  year ;  settled  near  Coles- 
burg;  in  1853,  his  parents  whom  he 
had  left  in  Scotland  joined  him  here  and 
remained  with  him  till  their  deaths. 
Mr.  D.  then  returned  to  Scotland,  and 
was  married  there  June  6,  1872,  to 
Catharine  Bell ;  she  was  born  in  Lanark- 
shire in   1 839  ;  returned   home   Fall  of 

1872  ;  owns  146  acres  of  land.  Attends 
the  Congregational  Church. 

Dickson  T.  M.far.;  S.  20  ;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 
Dickson  Thomas  Jr.  P.  0.  Colesburg. 
Uittmer  George,  S.  30 ;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 
Dittmer  J.  0.  B.  farmer  ;  Sec.  30  ;  P.  0. 

Colesburg. 
Domeyer  A.  far.;  Sec.  34 ;  P.  0.  Petersburg. 

EIKMAN  HENRY,  farmer ;  Sec.  24 ; 
P.  0.  New  Vienna. 

Ellis  Wm.  C.  far. ;  Sec.  14 ;  P.  0.  Coles- 
burg. 
FEUSTERMAN  DETRICK,  renter ; 
Sec.  19  ;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Fishel  G.  A.  far. ;  S.  23;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Fishel  J.  far. ;  Sec.  23  ;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Fitch  Robert,  laborer ;  P.  C.  Colesburg. 

Fitzpatrick  Luke,  farmer;  Sec.  18;  P.  0. 
Colesburg. 

Fleuhrer  Jacob,  far.;  S.  19 ;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Flynn  Geo.  far.;  Sec.  10  ;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Flynn  Wm.  far.;  Sec.  10;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Foley  David,  laborer  ;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Frericks  Henry,  farmer  ;  Sec.  32  ;    P.  O. 
Petersburg. 

Punk    Benj.    propr.    Centennial      Hotel, 
Colesburg. 

Frank  J.  W.  clerk,  Colesburg. 

Frank  Wallace,  farmer ;    Sec.   3 ;    P.  0. 
Colesburg. 

G^  EBHARD  JOSEPH,  farmer  ;  Sec. 
T     -'2  ;  P.  0.  Petersburg. 
Glynn  Michael,  renter ;    Sec.  23  ;    P.  0. 

Colesburg. 
Goodken  Barney,  farmer;  Sec.  35;  P.  0. 
Petersburg. 


Goodken  G.  H.  farmer  ;  Section  35  ;  P.  0. 
Petersburg. 

Goodken  John,  farmer ;    Sec.  35  ;    P.  0. 
Petersburg, 

Goodken  John  G.  farmer  ;  Sec.  35  ;  P.  0. 
Petersburg. 

GRAVES  WILIilAM  H.  Re 
tired  Farmer ;  P.  0.  Colesburg ;  born 
in  Sullivan  Co.,  N.  H.,  July  4,  1814; 
moved  to  Sangampn  Co.,  111.,  in  1838  ; 
was  married  there  May  26, 1839,  to  La- 
vina  Sherman.  She  was  born  in  Addi- 
son Co.,  Vt.  ;  soon  after  moved  to  Jack- 
son Co.,  Iowa ;  was  in  Bellevue  when 
the  citizens  drove  the  gamblers,  horse 
thieves,  etc.,  out  of  the  place,  about  the 
time  of  the  Davenport  murder.  Voted 
for  the  first  Governor  elected  in  Iowa ; 
came  to  this  county  in  1848,  where  Mrs. 
G.  died  June  2,  1873.  She  was  the 
mother  of  four  children  —  Henry  W., 
born  in  1842,  and  Marcia  J.  (now  Mrs. 
McPherson)  in  1848,  are  living.  Lost 
two,  Julia  and  Orson.  Mr.  G.  was 
married  again  Sept.  15,  1873,  to  Belin- 
da Bristol,  born  in  N.  J.,  Dec.  10, 1835; " 
Owns  110  acres  of  land  in  Clayton 
Co. 

Grimes  F.  A.  potter ;  Colesburg. 

ORIHES  JOSEPH,  Retired  Farm- 
er ;  P.  0.  Colesburg  ;  born  in  Tioga  Co., 
N.  Y.,  July  4, 1814;  was  married  Sept. 
6,  1838,  to  Melissa  A.  Ptelps  ;  she  was 
born  in  Rensselaer  Co.,  N.  Y.,  July  25, 
1819 ;  came  to  this  county  in  1844 ; 
settled  in  this  town,  but  moved  the  fol- 
lowing Spring  to  Clayton  County,  where 
he  built  a  saw-mUl  on  Elk  Creek,  and 
operated  it  three  years  ;  moved  to  farm 
in  this  township,  where  he  continued  to 
reside  until  March,  1877;  owns  183 
acres  and  considerable  town  property; 
have  four  children  living — Ralph  M., 
Frank  A.,  Emma  E.  and  Joe  E. ;  lost 
two — Caroline  and  Ruth  ;  Mr.  Grimes 
r^resented  the  county  in  the  Lower 
House  in  1858  and  1859  ;  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  State  Sena^te  from  1868  to 
1872  ;  has  been  Justice  of  the  Peace 
and  Notary  Public  about  twenty  years, 
besides  other  minor  offices  ;  family  attend 
the  M.  E.  Church. 

HARTBEKE  S.  B.  farmer;  Sec.  20  ; 
P.  0,  Colesburg. 
Hartke  B.  H.  farmer ;  S.  7  ;  P.  0.  Coles- 
burg. 


COLONY  TOWNSHIP. 


611 


Hendrickson  Simon,  carpenter  and  joiner  ; 
Colesburg. 

Henners  Fred.  far.  ;  S.  23  ;  P.O.  Vienna. 

Hennekes  John,  far.  ;  S.  32  ;  P.  0.  Peters- 
burg. 

Hewitt  J.  B.  carp,  and  builder  ;  Colesburg. 

Hoisington  S.  far.;  S.  1  ;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Hofer  Wm.  far,;  S.  8  ;  P,  0.  Colesburg. 

Hogan  Pat.  far.;  Sec.  15  ;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Holbert  A.  B.  far.;  S.  3^;  P.  0.  Petersburg. 

Holbert  Jos.  far.;  S.  33  ;  P.  0.  Petersburg. 

Holbert  T.  R.  far.;  S.  33;  P.  0.  Petersburg. 

Holbert  W.  F.  far.;  S.  32;  P.O.  Petersburg. 

Holcher   H.  far.;  S.  18  ;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Holcher  J.  W.far.  S.  30  ;  P.  0.  Petersburg. 

HUBBARD  HEZEKIAH,  Re- 
tired Farmer ;  P.  0.  Colesburg ;  born 
in  Middlesex  Co.,  Conn.,  May  10,  1813; 
was  married,  March  4,  1835,  to  Sarah 
Clark;  she  was  born  in  Bennington,  Vt., 
Jan.  15,  1813;  Mr.  H.  was  employed 
at  various  occupations  in  Northern  Penn- 
sylvania from  1836  to  the  Spring  of 
1846,  when  he  moved  into  this  town- 
ship;  entered  120  acres  of  land;  has 
been  .farming  and  dealing  in  stock  ever 
since ;  now  owns  80  acres  of  land ;  has 
four  children  living— Sarah  M.,  Ellen  T., 
Ezra  S.  and  Lucretia  K.  (now  Mrs.  Cup- 
pett)  ;  lost  four — Mary  C,  Lorena, 
Francis  A.  and  Harriet  A. ;  Mr.  H.  has 
been  Road  Supervisor  about  ten  years ; 
Mrs.  H.  belongs  to  the  M.  E.  Church. 

HUBBARD  JARED,  Manufac 
turer  and  Repairer  of  Jewelry,  Watches, 
Clocks,  etc.  ;  Colesburg;  born  in  Middle- 
sex Co.,  Conn.,  May  3,  1821 ;  started 
West  in  company  with  a  brother  in  1841 ; 
came  by  steamboat  to  Jersey  City,  thence 
by  rail  to  York,  Pa. ,  which  was  the  farthest 
west  the  cars  ran  at  that  time;  came 
by  stage  to  Pittsburgh,  thence  by  steam- 
boat to  St.  Charles,  Mo. ,  where  they  stayed 
one  month,  and  proceeded  to  Galena; 
from  there  they  came,  on  foot,  to  this 
place,  arriving  in  May ;  selected  and  en- 
tered land;  stopped  with  Old  David 
Moreland  ;  built  a  barn  for  him  then, 
which  still  stands  on  the  old  homestead  ; 
it  was  the  first  barn  built  in  this  part 
of  the  county  ;  Mr.  H.  was  married  Dec. 
21  1869,  to  Sarah  J.  Garretson  born 
in  Bedford  Co.,  Pa.,  Oct.  10, 1842  ;  two 
children — Flora  A.,  born  June  4, 1870, 
and  Oris  L.,  Feb.  10,  1874 ;  owns  30 
acres  of  land,  and  town  property  m  Bel- 


mont, Wright  Co.,  Iowa,  and  house  and 
two  lots  here. 
Hughes  Jas.  saloon  keeper ;  Colesburg. 

JACOBS    JEROME   B.   shoemaker; 
Colesburg. 
Jasper  G.  H.  far.,  8.  15  ;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

KAEGER  GERHARD,  renter  ;  Sec. 
16;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Keirn  Patrick,  renter,  S.  21 ;  Colesburg. 

Keller  Frank,  laborer ;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Keller  Rudolph,  farmer ;  Sec.  8 ;   P.  0. 
Colesburg. 

Kenton  John,  renter  ;  Sec.  9  ;  P.  0.  Coles- 
burg. 

Kerchheck  J.  D.  shoemaker  ;  P.  0.  Coles- 
burg. 

Kipp  Henry,  farmer ;  Sec.  14 ;  P.  0  New 
Vienna. 

Kipp  H.  B.  J.  far. ;  Sec.  15  pP.  0.  Coles- 
burg. 

Klamp   Henry,  farmer ;   Sec.    30 ;   P.   0. 
Colesburg. 

KliAUS  HERMAN  H.  Farmer 
and  Stock  Raiser ;  Sec.  6  ;  P.  0.  Coles- 
burg ;  born  in  Hanover,  Germany,  Oct. 
8,1821  ;  emigrated  to  the  United  States 
in  1837 ;  came  in  a  sail  vessel  to 
New  Orleans  ;  up  the  Mississippi  River 
by  steamboat  to  St.  Charles,  Mo., 
where  he  remained  until  May,  1845, 
when  he  came  to  this  county,  and 
settled  on  this  farm,  a  part  of  which 
he  entered  at  government  price ;  he  now 
owns  670  acres,  the  greater  portion  of 
which  is  improved;  was  married  in 
1849,  to  Katherine  M.  Kruempel,  born 
in  Germany  in  1831  ;  have  six  children 
living — Emma,  Eliza,  Frederick  W., 
George,  Delia  and  Joseph.  Lost  four — 
Alice,  Charles,  Benjamin  and  an  infant. 
Has  been  School  Director  and  President 
of  the  Board  near  20  years.  Family 
belong  to  the  Methodist  Church,  of 
which  Mr.  K.  has  been  Steward  28 
years,  and  local  preacher  26  years;  he 
has  been  a  great  friend  to  his  country- 
men ;  often  sent  money  to  bring  them 
here,  and  afterward  take  care  of  them 
till  they  could  get  a  start  for  themselves; 
has  several  houses  on  his  farm  for  their 
accommodation  at  the  present  time.  Re- 
publican. „      „ 

KliAUS  JOHN  D.  Farmer;  See.  7  ; 
P  0  Colesburg;  born  in  Hanover, 
Germany,  Feb.  2,  1813  ;  emigrated  to 
U    S    in  1837,  and  to  this  county  in 


612 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


1842;  entered  120  acres  of  land;  now 
owns  480 ;  married  in  St.  Louis  March 
23,  1848,  to  Elizabeth  Hartbecka,  who 
was  born  in  Hanover,  Germany,  May 
28,  1821;  have  six  children  living 
— Margaret  A.  (now  Mrs  Holscher) 
Mary  M.  (Wellemeyer)  Elizabeth  (Inn- 
sher)  William  H.,  John  H.  and  Samuel 
W.  Lost  one — John  H.,  died  in  this 
county,  aged  16  months.  Mr.  K.  is 
one  of  the  oldest  settlers  hero  ;  helped 
to  clear  away  the  hazel  brush  and  timber ; 
was  Road  Supervisor  several  terms. 
Family  belong  to  the  M.  E.  Church. 

Kleeman  Herman,  far.;  S.  5  ;  P.  0.  Coles- 
burg. 

Klejman  Ka«per,  far.;   S.  5;  P.  0.  Coles- 
burg. 

Kleeman  Wm.  far.;  Sec.  5 ;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Klosterman  F.  J.  farmer ;  Sec.  32  ;    P.  0. 
Petersburg. 

Knee  David,  carpenter  ;  Colesburg. 

Knee  George,  carpenter  ;  Colesburg. 

Knee  James,  clerk  in  P.  0.;  Colesburg. 

Knee  John  H.  carpenter ;  Colesburg. 

Knee  Oliver  H.  P.  carpenter  ;  Colesburg 

KJVEE,  SAMIi.  G.,  COL,.  Post- 
master, Dealer  in  Dry  Goods,  Groceries 
etc.,  Colesburg;  born  in  Blair  Co.,  Pa., 
March  11,  1834;  came  to  this  county 
in  1855 ;  worked  at  carpenter  trade 
till  the  beginning  of  the  war ;  enlisted 
Sept.  19,  1861,  in  the  12th  Iowa  In- 
fantry ;  participated  in  the  battles  of 
Forts  Henry  and  Donelson;  was  taken 
prisoner  at  Shiloh ;  held  till  the  follow- 
ing October,  when  he  was  paroled,  and 
in  the  Spring  joined  his  regiment;  was 
promoted  to  Second  Lieutenant  in 
March,  1863,  to  Captain  in  Sept.  same 
year;  was  in  command  of  Pioneer 
Corps  six  months  ;  promoted  to  Major 
Jan.  15,  1865,  and  to  Lieut.  Col.  Jan. 
1,  1866.  Was  married  July  19,  1866, 
to  Julia  Moreland.  She  was  born  in 
this  county  April  14,  1845.  Have 
three  children  —  Frank,  Blanche  and 
Eddie  ;  held  the  position  of  Postmaster 
eight  years  ;  attends  the  Congregational 
Church. 

Knippling  Anton,  farmer  ;  Sec.  34;  P.  0. 
Petersburg. 

Koopmann  Gerhard,  renter ;  Sec.  6  ;  P.  0. 
Colesburg. 

Koopmann  Henry,  renter  ;  Sec.  6  ;  P.  0. 
Colesburg. 


Koopmann  Herman,  renter  ;  Sec.  6  ;  P.  0. 
Colesburg. 

Kramer  John  H.  farmer;  Sec.  26;  P.O. 
New  Vienna. 

Kreimer  B.  H.  far.,  S.  26 ;  P.  0.  Peters- 
burg. 

Kuhlman  Detrich,  renter,  S.  8 ;  Colesburg. 

Kurrilmeii"  Bernard,  renter,  S.  6;  Coles- 
burg. 
LAMMERS  JOHN,  Farmer,  Sec.  21 ; 
P.  O.  Petersburg. 

Lammers  Rudolph,  far.,  S.  21 ;  P.  0.  Pe- 
tersburg. 

Lampa  Barney,  far..  S.  33 ;  P.  0.  Peters 
burg. 

Lampman  Henry,  gro.,  S.  33 ;  P.  0.  Pe- 
tersburg. 

Lampman  John,  far.,  S.  33 ;  P.  0.  Peters- 
burg. 

Lampman  Theo.,  far.,  S.  38 ;  P.  0.  Pe- 
tersburg. 

Land  is  Abraham,  Colesburg. 

Landis  Jacob  Sr.,  far.,  S.  15;  Colesburg. 

Landis  Jacob  Jr.,  far.,  S.  15;  Colesburg. 

Landis  Joshua,  farmer ;  Colesburg. 

Lansing  John,  far.,  S.  23  ;  P.  0.  New 
Vienna. 

Leichtenberg  Wm.  far. ;  S.  23;  P.  0.  New 
Vienna. 

Link  George,  far.,  S.  23;  P.  0.  New 
Vienna. 

Lockridge  I.  N.,  cabinet  maker.;  Colesburg. 

Lochridge  Thos.  J.,  harness  maker;  Coles- 
burg. 

Loffers  Bernard,  renter,  S.  19;  P.  0. 
Colesburg. 

Loffers  J.  G.,  far.,  S.  20;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Luhrsman  B.  H.,  far.,  S.  36 ;  P.  0.  New 
Vienna. 

McCRUM  JOHN,  Parmer,  Sec.  9; 
P.  0.  Colesburg, 

McMahon  John,  farmer.  See.  16  ;  P.  0. 
Colesburg. 

McMahon  Michael,  farmer,  Sec.  9 ;  P.  0. 
Colesburg. 

McMahon  Simon,  farmer.  Sec.  9 ;  P.  0. 
Colesburg. 

McNamee  B.  L.  farmer,  Sec.  4 ;  P.  0. 
Colesburg. 

lIcSfAMEE  liAWRENCE, 
Farmer;  Sec.  4;  P.  0.  Colesburg;  born 
in  Chenango  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Deo.  29,  1805; 
emigrated  to  Missouri  Territory  in 
1819  ;  came  down  the  Ohio  River  on  a 
boat  they  built  on  the  head  waters  ot 
the  Allegheny  River,  to  Shawneetown, 


COLONY  TOWNSHIP. 


613 


111.,  crossed  with  team  to  Alton,  which 
was  then  only  a  ferrying  point — only 
one   cabin   in   the  place,   that  of    the 
ferryman  ;  settled  at  St.  Charles  ;  was 
married   March   25,   1829,   to   Errelia 
Cole,  who  was  born  in  Oneida  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  Oct.  18,  1808;  came  to  this  county 
in  1842 ;  settled  on  the  farm  he  now 
occupies ;  owns  480  acres,  nearly  all  of 
which  was  wild  land,  hazel  thicket  and 
timber;   Mrs.  McNamee  died  here,  in 
Feb.  8,  1856;    she  was'  the  mother   of 
eleven   children — Eliza  J.  and  Martha 
&.  (Otis)  and  three  infants  died  in  this 
township ;    those  living  are  Cyrus  L., 
Mary  E.  (Otis),  Edwin  L.",  Medora  H. 
(Lang),  Sarah  E.  (Fitch)  and  Evaline ; 
Mr.  M.  was  again  married  Dec.  11, 1856, 
to  Mrs.   Sebrah    Clark   (maiden  name. 
Cole),  born  in  Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  6, 
1806 ;  has  four  children  by  first  mar- 
riage— Harriet  C.   (Bailey),   Benjamin 
A.   and    Samuel    C;    lost    two — Seth, 
died  here  in  1845,  and  Norman  L.,died 
at  Rocky   Bar,  Idaho,  in  1873;    Mr. 
McN.  served  as  County  Commissioner, 
two  terms ;   Justice    of  the  Peace,  six 
years ;   County  Assessor,  two,  Township 
Assessor,    about   fifteen   years ;    family 
attend  the  M.  E.  Church. 

McPherson  Alex,  farmer.  Sec.  19 ;  P.  0. 
Colesburg. 

Malvin  Marion,  farmer.  Sec.  17 ;  P.  0. 
Colesburg. 

Malvin  Wm.  far.,  S.  17  ;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Matthews  Jos.  far.  ;  S.  31  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

Matthews  J.  W.far.;  S.  31;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

Matthews  W.  W.  far.;  S.  31.  P.O.  Earlville. 

Mensen  Albert,  far.  ;  Sec.  28 ;  P.  0.  Peters- 
burg. 

Mensen  Barney,  renter;  Sec.  29;  P.O.  Peters- 
burg. 

Merten  Elias,  far. ;  Sec.  ?;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Merten Frederick, far. ;  S.  8;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Merten  J.  S.  far. ;  Sec.  8 ;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Merten  Joseph,  far.;  S.  8;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Moreland  David,  far.;  S.  5;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Moreland  Isaac  A.  saloon ;  Colesburg. 

Moreland  John,  teamster  ;  Colesburg. 

Moreland  J.  B.  farmer  ;  P.  0.    Colesburg. 

MONTGOMERY  RACHEL, 
Widow  (maiden  name  Porter)  ;  resides 
on  farm  ;  Sec.  5  ;  P.  0.  Colesburg ;  born 
in  Crawford  Co.,  Pa.,  July  30,  1808  ; 
lived  there  on  her  father's  farm  until  she 
was  married,  Feb.  19,  1852,  to  Archi- 


bald Montgomery;  he  was  born  in  Mer- 
cer Co.,  Pa.,  Oct.  22,  1805  ;  he  came 
to  this  county  in  1843  ;  was  among  the 
first  settlers ;  he  buried  his  first  wife 
here  in  1849  ;  manaed  in  Pa.;  she  was 
the  mother  of  nine  children;  Mr.  M. 
died  July  30,  1875  ;  at  the  time  of  his 
death,  he  owned  1,200  acres  of  land,  of 
•which  Mrs.  M.  is  now  the  owner  of  440  ; 
she  is  a  member  of  the  United  Presby- 
terian Church. 
"XTICHOLS  F.  C.  laborer ;  Colesburg. 


O 


NEAL  IRA,  laborer  ;  Colesburg. 


Ovel  Herman,  far. ;  Sec.  28  ;  P.  O.-Peters- 
burg. 

PAGE  DANIEL  A.  farmer;  Sec.  4; 
P.  0.  Colesburg. 
Page  Jeremiah,  farmer ;    Sec.  4 ;     P.  0. 

Colesburg. 
Patridge  Almon,  farmer ;  Sec.  5 ;   P.  0. 

Colesburg. 
PATRIDGE  DAXIEL,  Farm 
er ;  Sec.  5  ;  P.  0.  Colesburg ;  born  in 
Essex  Co.,  N.  Y.,  March  28,  1811 ;  his 
father,  Stephen  Patridge,  was  killed  at 
the  battle  of  Plattsburg.  The  subject 
of  this  sketch  came  to  Michigan  in 
1835,  where  he  was  married,  in  1836, 
to  Sarah  Smith  ;  born  in  Erie  Co.,  N.  Y., 
May  24,  1818.  They  came  to  this 
county  in  1853,  and  settled  on  the  farm 
where  they  now  reside  ;  owns  198  acres. 
Have  eight  children  living — Emma  A. 
(Mrs.  Mapes),  Lucy  E.  (Baldwin),  Ir- 
ving A.,  Albert  L.,  Candace  L.  (Mer- 
ton),  Almon  D.,  Rhoda  E.  and  Mary. 
Lost  three — James,  aged  5  years ;  El- 
ton E.,  3  years,  and  an  infant.  Mr.  P. 
was  School  Director  three  years.  Family 
belong  to  the  M.  E.  Church. 

Pasker  Joseph,  fa,rmer ;    Sec.  25 ;  P.  0. 
New  Vienna. 

Perkins  Perry,  farmer  ;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Piatt  Jacob,  far.;  S.  24  ;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Piatt  John,  far.;  S.  14  ;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Potts  Geo.  F.  teamster ;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Prentice  James,  saw-mill ;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Peetz  Michael,  farmer ;    Sec.  22  ;    P.  0. 
Petersburg?. 

RAHE  HENRY,  farmer;    Sec.  25; 
P.  0.  New  Vienna. 
Rea  A.  W.  far.;  Sec.  20  ;  P.  0.  Colesburg 
REA    GEORGE   W.  Farmer  and 
Stock  Raiser  ;   Sec.   16  ;    P.  0.  Coles 


614 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


burg  ;  born  in  Bedford  Co.,  Pa.,  June 
20, 1817  ;  moved  to  Richland  Co.,  Ohio, 
tn  1826;  was  married  there  June  11, 
1840,  to  Mary  P.  Merideth.  She  was 
born  in  Belmont  Co.,  Ohio,  April  3, 
1819.  They  came  to  this  county  in 
1848,  bought  this  farm  in  1851,  built 
where  he  now  resides ;  the  land  was 
wild,  unimproved  prairie ;  now  owns 
160  acres,  nearly  all  under  cultivation. 
Have  eight  children — Amands  W.,  Geo. 
T.,  Maggie  A.  (Myers),  Oscar  E.,  Al- 
bin  M.,  Emma  J.  (Grimes),  Florence  S. 
(Dunham),  and  Frank  H.  Lost  two — 
Martha  E.,  died  in  Ohio  in  1846,  and 
Mary  E.,  here  in  1862.  Amandus  and 
George  were  in  the  army,  the  former  in 
Company  B,  5th  Cavalry,  one  year,  and 
the  latter  in  Company  G,  6th  Cavalry, 
near  four  years.  Mr.  R.  is  serving  his 
fifth  year  as  Township  Trustee ;  was 
School  Director  several  years  ;  attended 
the  M.  E.  Church,  of  which  Mt.  R.  is  a 
member. 

Rea  Geo.  T.  far.;  S.  16  ;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Recker  Joseph,  farmer.  See.  34;   P.  0. 
Petersburg. 

Reesberg  Anton,  farmer.  Sec.  25 ;    P.  0. 
New  Vienna. 

Reesberg  Kasper,  farmer.  Sec.  25 ;  P.  0. 
New  Vienna. 

Reesberg  William,  farmer.  Sec.  25  ;  P.  0. 
New  Vienna. 

Rethtrford  James,  farmer.  Sec.  24 ;  P.  0. 
Colesburg, 

Ridenour  Thos.  wagon  maker ;   Colesburg. 

Rolfs  Frank,  farmer,  Sec.  31 ;    P.  0.  Pe- 
tereburg. 

Rupoiper   Wm.  farmer.   Sec.   29;    P.   0. 
Colesburg. 

Rupeiper  Wm.  Jr.  farmer.  Sec.  29  ;  P.  0. 
Colesburg. 

SAMPSON    WILLIAM,   farmer,  Sec. 
29 ;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 
Scherbring  George,  farmer.  Sec.  33  ;  P.  0. 

Petersburg. 
Scherbring  Henry,  farmer,  Sec.  33  ;  P.  0. 

Petersburg. 
Scherbring  Henry  Jr.  Sec.  33  ;  P.  0.  Pe- 

tersbu  g. 
Schweitert  Bernard,  farmer.  Sec.  18 ;  P.  0. 

Colesburg. 
Shaffer  Charles,  Colesburg. 
Shaffer  Chas.  E.  wagon  maker,  Colesburg. 
Shanker  Henry,  farmer,  Sec.  7  ;    P.   0. 

Colesburg. 


SIMOWS  CHARJLES,  farmer,  Sec. 
24 ;  P.  0.  Colesburg,  Born  in  Tioga 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  April  12,  1835,  came  to 
this  county  in  1849,  and  moved  to  this 
farm  in  1868.  Was  married  Oct.  15, 
1857,  to  Jane  Dickson,  daughter  of 
Missouri  Dickson,  who  came  to  this 
county  in  1838,  and  settled  on  this 
farm,  a  large  portion  of  which  now  be- 
longs to  his  daughter ;  she  was  the  first 
white  child  born  in  this  township — ^born 
Dec.  14,  1 839  ;  owns  340  acres  of  land. 
Have  five  children — Edgar,  Sarah  B., 
Charles  D.,  Wm.  H.  and  Mary  J.  Mr. 
S.  was  School  Director  three  years.  His 
father,  F.  B.  Simons,  resides  with  him; 
he  waa  born  in  Tioga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in 
1804;  was  married,  in  1825,  to  Sarah 
Rewey,  who  died  in  New  York  Jan.  23, 
1847  ;  was  the  mother  of  four  children, 
of  whom  Charles  is  the  only  survivor. 

Simons  F.  B.,  far.;  S.  25 ;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Smith  J,  H.,  far,;  S.  9;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Smith  J.  D.,  far.;  S.  13;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Smout  E.,  far.;  S.  8  ;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Sprague  B.  F.,  far.;  S.  9  ;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

STEBMAIV  RICHARD,  Physi- 
cian  and  Surgeon,  P.  p.  Colesburg; 
born  in  Lanark,  Can.,  in  December, 
1824;  was  married  there  Feb.  28, 
1846,  to  Phoebe  Purvis.  She  was  born 
in  same  place  April  2,  1826.  He 
graduated  in  1853  at  Syracuse  Medical 
College,  Syracuse,  N.  Y.  Came  to  this 
town  in  1855.  Has  practiced  here 
without  interruption  for  twenty-three 
years  ;  is  one  of  the  most  reliable  phy- 
sicians in  the  county  ;  enjoys  the  confi- 
dence of  both  the  general  public  and 
the  medical  fraternity.  Have  four 
children  living — Mary  J.  (Wilson), 
George  W.,  now  in  California,  Frank 
R.  and  Sarah  J.  Lost  one— Lydia  B., 
died  in  infancy.  Family  belong  to  the 
M.  E.  Church. 

StiUinger  P.,  far.;  S.  4;   P.  0.  Colesburg. 

Stober  J.,  far.;  S.  22 ;  P,  0.  Colesburg. 

Storm  G.,  renter  ;  S.  31 ;  P.  O.  Petersburg. 

Sunderman  H,,  rtr.;   S.  29;    P.  0.  Coles- 
burg. 
TAPKA  H.,  far.;  S.  35;  P.  0.  New 
Vienna. 

TebbenH.,rtr.;  S.  28  ;  P.O.Petersburg. 

Tobie  C;  A.,  physician ;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

YARWOLD  HENRY,  farmer;  Sec. 
9  ;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 


MILO  TOWNSHIP. 


615 


Vaska  Barney,  farmer  ;  Sec.  36 ;   P.  0. 

New  Vienna. 
Viohgust  Barney,  shoemaker  ;  Sec.  13  ;  P. 

0.  New  Vienna. 
Vichgust  Theo.  farmer;  Sec.  22;  P.  0. 

Petersburg. 
Von  Lamden  Henry,  farmer  ;    Sec.   35  ; 

P.  0.  New  Vienna. 

WISMAN  JESSE  renter;  P.  0. 
Colesburg. 

Wedewer  Barney,  farmer;  Sec.  26;  P. 
New  Vienna. 

Wheit  Christian,  farmer;  Sec.  7 ;  P.  0. 
Colesburg. 

"Wheit  Geo.  far. ;  Sec.  18 ;  P.  O.  Coles- 
burg. 

Wilcherd  Anton,  farmer ;  Sec.  13  ;  P.  0. 
New  Vienna. 

Willenberg  Clemans,  farmer ;  Sec.  29  ;  P. 
0.  Petersburg. 


Willenberg  Henry,  farmer ;  Sec.  29  ;  P. 
O.  Petersburg. 

WILSON  KICHARD,  Tinsmith 
and  Dealer  in  Hardware ;  P.  0.  Coles- 
burg; born  in  Yorkshire,  England,  Dec. 
12,  1837 ;  accompanied  his  parents  to 
N.  Y.,  when  quite  young ;  came  to  this 
Co.  in  1851  ;  engaged  in  this  business 
the  same  year ;  was  married  in  1866,  to 
Mary  J.  Stedman,  who  was  born  in 
Canada,  in  1849  ;  h^ve  two  children — 
Fred  C,  born  Oct.  10, 1867,  and  Edwin 
K.,  born  Sept.  15,  1872;  has  been  Sec- 
retary of  the  School  Board  twelve  years 
and  Justice  of  the  Peape  five  years ; 
Mrs.  W.  is  a  member  of  the  M.  E. 
Church. 

Wisegarver  Geo.  W.  laborer ;  Colesburg. 

Wood  John  C.  farmer;  Sec.  30;  P.  0. 
Colesburg. 


MILO    TOWNSHIP. 


ALBEOOK  FRANK,  farmer.  Sec.  22 ; 
P.  0.  Manchester. 

AKEBS  J.  M.  Farmer,  Sec.  35  ;  P. 
0.  Manchester;  born  in  Jessamine  Co., 
Ky.,  April  25,  1821 ;  moved  with  his 
parents  to  Putnam  County,  Ind.,  about 
1827.  He  married  Miss  M.  F.  Wright, 
November  2,  1843;  she  was  born  in 
Lincoln  County,  Ky.,  October  4; 
1828;  came  to  county  in  1857;  have 
four  children  living — Surelda  J.,  born 
July  19, 1844,  and  married  in  December, 
1869,  to  Mr.  G.  W.  Clapp  of  Nebraska ; 
John  W.,  born  Jan.  30,  1846,  and  died 
in  Andersonville  Prison  April  24, 1865; 
Ella,  born  April  19,  1855,  and  married 
Mr.  L.  W.  Bloodgood  May  6,  1877; 
Asbury  F.,  aged  18,  and  Elmer  N.,  aged 
15.  Owns  40  acres  of  land  valued  at 
$25  per  acre.  Is  a  Republican,  and 
himself  and  wife  members  of  M.  E. 
Church. 

Andrews  R.  P.  mech.,  Sec.  25 ;  P.O.  Delhi. 

ANXIS  GEORGE  W.  Butter 
Maker,  Sec.  3  ;  P.  O.  Manchester  ;  was 
born  in  Erie  Co.,  N.  Y.,  July  22,  1839 ; 
came  to  this  county  in  1853.  He  mar- 
ried Miss  Kate  Dixon  Oct.  14,  1866  ; 
she  was  born  in  Rock  Island  Co.,  111., 


Dec.  21,  1843;  they  have  one  child, 
Myron,  born  March  24,  1868.  Is  a 
Republican  and  Second  Adventist.  Mr. 
A.  enlisted  Sept.  5, 1861,  in  Co.  F,  12th 
I.  V.  1.  ;  participated  in  the  battles  of 
Fort  Donelson,  Jackson,  Siege  of  Vioks- 
burg,  Nashville,  Blakely  and  Spanish 
Fort ;  and  was  honorably  discharged  in 

.      1866. 

Austin  Frank,  laborer ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

BAILEY    CYRUS,  farmer.  Sec.  28 
P.  0.  Manchester. 

Bailey  C.  J.  stock  farmer ;  Bailey's  Ford 
P.  0.  Manchester. 

BANTA  JACOB,  Farmer ;  Sec.  15 
P.  0.  Manchester ;  born  in  New  York 
State  1830  ;  moved  to  Pennsylvania  in 
1840,  and  to  this  county  in  1866 ;  mar- 
ried Miss  Asenath  Altemburg  in  1852  ; 
has  three  children  Uving  and  two  de- 
ceased—Matthew, born  Dec.  18,  1853  ;, 
Anna  M.,  born  Aug.  30,  1856,  died 
Nov.  26,  1870;  Mary,  born  Dec.  3, 
1858;  Abram,  born  May  17,  1863,. 
died  November  10,  1877;  Fanny 
Viola  and  Frances  V.,  born  Oct. 
27,  1866;  Frances  V.  died  Sept.,  9, 
1877  Mrs.  B.  was  born  in  Chautauqua 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  13,  1832. 


616 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


Banta  Matthew,  farmer  ;   Sec.  15  ;  P.  0. 

Manchester. 
Barker,  Chas.  renter ;  S.  34 ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 
Barker  Jordan,  laborer  ;  P.  O.  Delhi. 
Belcher  John,  far. ;  Sec.  32  ;  P.  0.  Man- 

ciiGstsr 
BELDKVGDAIVFOBDK.  Far.; 

Sec.  33;  P.  0.  Manchester;  owns  80 

acres  of  land,  valued  at  $25  per  acre  ; 

horn  in  St.  Lawrence  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Aug. 

24,  1840  ;  came  to  Clayton  Co.,  Iowa, 
in  1855;  and  to  this  county  in  1865  ; 
married  Miss  Eebecca  A.  Joslin  Dec. 

25,  1867 ;  she  was  born  in  Crawford 
Co.,  Penn.,»  June  6,  1842  ;  has  one  son, 
born  Dec.  1,  1870 ;  enlisted  in  Aug., 
1861,  in  2d  Iowa  Cav. ;  spent  most  of 
his  time  on  detached  duty  in  hospital 
service ;  was  honorably  discharged  Oct., 
1864  ;  is  a  Republican  and  Protestant. 

BELKSAP  GEO.W.  Farmer;  Sec. 
31  ;  P.  O.  Manchester ;  owns  240  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $5,000  ;  born  in  Edg- 
wood,  Delaware  County,  Iowa,  August 
18,  1855;  married  Miss  Mary  Worley, 
July  18,  1874;  she  was  born  in  Union 
Tp.,  this  county,  June  1,  1852;  they 
have  two  children— Joseph  C,  born 
March  18,  1876,  and  Theo.  T.,  May  6, 
1877. 

BLrOODOOOD,  liEWIS  C. 
Parmer  and  Blacksmith ;  Sec.  22  ;  P.  0. 
Manchester  ;  born  in  Schoharie  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  Oct.  11,  1823;  moved  with  his 
mother — his  father  dying  three  months 
before  he  was  born — to  Bradford  Co.,  Pa., 
when  he  was  seven  years  of  age  ;  married 
Miss  Eliza  Neal,  Dec.  24,  1847;  she 
was  the  daughter  of  Harvey  Neal,  who 
was  killed  by  the  accidental  discharge  of 
a  gun  while  blowing  in  the  muzzle  to  see 
if  it  was  clear ;  moved  to  Walworth  Co. , 
Wis.,  in  1855,  and  from  there  to  his 
present  residence  in  1861  ;  has  seven 
children  living — Susan  A.,  Lavina  M., 
Mary,  Leonard,  Jennie  B.,Loren  E.  and 
Nettie  M.,  and  three  deceased — Frances 
E.,  Edith  H.  and  Minnie  A. ;  his  pres- 
ent wife  was  born  in  Hendricks  Co., 
Ind.,  Nov.  9,  1836  ;  her  maiden  name 
was  Annie  J.  Stanley  ;  she  was  married 
to  J.  W.  Wright,  Jan.  13,  1856,  and 
had  by  that  marriage  four  children,  two 
are  living — Wilbur  W.  and  John  W. ; 
the  two  deceased  were  named  Ashbury 
A.  and  Frank  W. ;  Mr.  Wright  was  in 


the  Recorder's  office  of  this  county  five 
years;  was  First  Lieut,  in  the  army,  and 
died  at  Memphis  of  inflammation ;  Mrs. 
Wright  married  Mr.  Bloodgood,  Nov.  3,. 
1867. 

Bottsford  W.  W.  farmer ;  Sec.  31  ;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 

Boylard  Thos.  farmer;  Sec.  19;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 

Boyland  W.  M.  farmer ;  Sec.  19  ;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 

BOX  W.  L.  Farmer;  Sec.  22;  P.  0. 
Manchester  ;  owns  220  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $5,100  ;  born  in  Ohio,  April 
15,  1845  ;  came,to  Du  Page  Co.,  Illinois, 
with  parents  when  about  a  year  old,  and 
moved  to  this  county  in  1853  ;  married 
Miss  Lottie  Langworthy,  July  9,  1871 ; 
she  was  born  in  Geauga  Co.,  Ohio,  Nov. 
25,  1847  ;  has  three  children^Lewis, 
born  August  5,  1872;  David,  July  19, 
1874  ;  Emery,  Dec.  3,  1875  ;  is  a  Re- 
publican. 

Brownell  John,  farmer ;  Sec.  15{;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 

Brownell  Jos.  farmer ;  Sec.  15 ;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 

BUCK  A,  D.  Farmer,  Sec.  27;  P. 
0.  Delhi ;  owns  80  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $25  per  acre;  born  in  Adding- 
ton  Co.,  Canada,  March  27,  1839; 
moved  to  Monroe  Co.,  N.  Y.,  March, 
1865,  and  to  this  county  in  1866  ;  mar- 
ried Miss  Elmira  Crosier,  Feb.  12, 
1870  ;  she  was  born  Oct.  5,  1852 ;  has 
three  children — Martin  H.,  born  Dec. 
23,  1870 ;  Edgerton  M.,  born  Feb.  28, 
1873;  Fred  E.,  born  Nov.  23,  1876; 
is  a  Republican  and  Protestant. 

CASEY  PETER,  laborer;  P.O.  Man- 
chester. 

Cavanagh  James,  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Cavanagh,  Pat.  farmer,  resides  with  father. 

Coffin  Jerome,  farmer.  Sec.  14 ;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 

Cook  Reuben,  far..  Sec.  27 ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Cooley  B.  R.  farmer,  Sec.  8 ;  P.  0.  Man- 
chester. 

Cooley  Henry,  farmer ;  Sec.  8.  ;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 

COOIiEY  ITHAHAB,  Farmer; 
Sec.  5  ;  P.  0.  Manchester ;  born  in  Lis- 
bon, Grafton  Co.,  N.  H.,  Aug.  28, 
1817  ;  married  Miss  Sallie  W.  Snow, 
Jan.  15,  1839.  She  was  born  Nov.  6, 
1820;  has  nine  children  living — Aman- 


v*^-^   ii 


M^ 


MILO  TOWNSHIP. 


da  J.,  born  Sept.  9,  1840;  Mariette, 
Aug.  1,  1841 ;  Peede,  died  September 
26,  1860;  John  A.,  May  20,  1844; 
Emma  A.,  Dec.  24,  1846 ;  Ella,  Oct' 
30,  1848  (died  June  14,  1869);  Ben- 
jamin K.,  Feb.  6,  1850 ;  Henry  A., 
March  2,  1853;  Francenia,  Dec.  ll' 
1854  ;  Josephine,  Oct.  13,  1857,  and 
Abbie  A.,  Dec.  16,  1862  owns  90 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $50  per  acre- 
is  in  politics  a  Republican  ;  in  religion, 
Advent  Christian. 

COIVIVER  DAVIB,  Farmer;  Sec. 
13;  P.  0.  Delhi;  owns  80  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $25  per  acre.  Born  in 
Union  Co.,  Pa.,  July  19,  1812.  Mar- 
ried Miss  Julia  L.  Davis  Oct.  9,  1834. 
She  was  born  July  17,  1816;  they 
moved  to  this  county  in  1846  ;  have 
six  children- living,  and  two  decea,sed — 
Sarah  F.,  born  Feb.  17,  1836;  Rachel 
E.,  Jan.  20,  1839  ;  Anne  E.,  June  18, 
1841,  died  March  2-4,  1873;  James  N., 
born  March  2,  1844 ;  Helen  L.,  Nov. 
16, 1846  ;  Julia  J^  Aug.  2,  1851 ;  Ro- 
setta  A.,  Oct.  3,  1855,  and  Mary  E., 
Jan.  3,  1859  ;  died  Sept.  5,  1863. 

Conner  Jas.  farmer  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Conner   Thos.,  farmer ;  Sec.  30 ;    P.    0. 
Manchester. 

Church  M.    F.,    farmer,    S.    36;   P.    0. 

CliARK  JOHX,  Farmer;  S.  13; 
P.  0.  Delhi ;  owns  220  acres  of  land. 
Born  in  Virginia  in  October,  1813. 
Came  to  Galena  lead  mines  in  1834, 
and  to  this  county  in  1839.  There 
were  but  five  families  in  what  is  now 
Delaware  Co.  at  that  time,  and  he  was 
the  fourth  settler  in  what  is  now  Milo 
Tp.  Married  Miss  Olive  Rexford  Nov. 
17,  1841.  She  was  born  in  New  York 
State  Sept.  25,  1824;  has  five  children 
living  and  two  deceased — Andrew,  aged 
36  ;  Cornelia,  34  ;  Jasper,  30  ;  George 
L.,  26,  and  Lucy  V.,  15.  Sarah  E. 
died  in  1864,  aged  14,  and  Perry  F.  the 
same  year,  aged  4. 

Cleveland  J.  J., far.  S.  8 ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Crocker  B.  P.,  far.,  S.  5;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Crooker  J.  H.,  far.,  S.  5  ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Crosier  Cassius,  lar.,  S.  36 ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Crosier  Frank,  farmer;  S.  36  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Crosier  H.,  farmer ;  S.  26  ;  P.  O.  Delhi. 

CROSIER   WM.  Farmer;    S.   36; 
P.  0.  Delhi ;  born  in  Cuyahoga  Co.,  0., 


619 


July  4, 1820      Moved  to  Ogle  Co.,  Ill, 

^oia  I  ^""^  """""^  *°  *>«  county  in 
i»4b  where  he  has  since  resided.  Mar- 
ned  Miss  Mary  Hoke  Feb.  16,  1845 
ohe  was  born  in  Berkeley  Co  Va 
March  28, 1829  ;  have  seven  children- 
Cassius  M.,  aged  32,  who  enlisted  Jan- 
uary, 1864,  in  Co.  K,  21st  I.  V.  I  and 
remamed  till  the  close  of  the  war.  '  He 
was  present  at  the  capture  of  Mobile 
Children  are— Ellen.  A.,  aged  29- 
Frank,  aged  27;  Theron  T.,  aged  25 ! 
Wilhe  A.,  aged  23  ;  Lewis  H.,  aged  20 
and  Charles  E.,  aged  15.  Mr.  Crosier 
IS  a  Republican  and  a  member  of  the 
Free  Will  Baptist  Church. 

Crosier  Willis,  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Cunningham  Geo.  P.  farmer.  Sec.  7 ;  P. 
0.  Manchester, 

DAKER  JAMES,  farmer,  Sec.  28- 
P.  0.  Manchester, 

Davis  C.  W.  lab.;  Sec.  14;  P.  0.  Delhi 

DAVIS  Ll.  M.  Farmer;  Sec.  12  ;  P. 
0.  Delhi;  owns  195  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $30  per  acre  ;  born  in  Catta- 
raugus Co.,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  8,  1839;  came 
to  La  Porte  Co.,  Ind.,  in  1845,  and  to 
this  Co.  in  1855 ;  married  Miss  Julia 
A.  Petlon,  Oct.  7,  1859,  she  was  born 
in  Monroe  Co.,  N.  Y.,  July  3,  1840; 
has  four  children — Wm.  J.,  born  May 
9,  1861;  Lowell  H.,  Dec.  2,  1862; 
Chas.  F.,  Aug.  23,  1864;  and  Anna 
R.,  Aug.  9,  1876. 

Denison  C.  W.  laborer,  Sec.  3;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 

Dickinson,  D.  A.  farmer.  Sec.  16;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 

DIJFFEY  H.  P.  Farmer,  Sec.  8; 
P.  0.  Manchester;  owns  339  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $35  per  acre ;  born  in 
Cleveland,  Ohio,  Feb.  22,  1829;  came 
to  Winnebaijo  Co.,  111.,  in  1849,  and  to 
this  county  in  1854 ;  married  Miss 
Mary  A.  Proctor,  Sept.,  1848;  she  was 
born  in  England,  May  3,  1825;  has 
three  children — Cora  J.,  born  June  14, 
1862;  Alva  L.,  Aug.  14,  1867;  and 
Ray  J.,  April  27,  1871 ;  is  in  politics  a 
Republican. 

Dunham  H.  A.  far.,   S.  24  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Dutton  Chas.  farmer;  P.  0  Manchester. 

DUNTOWC.  P.  Farmer;    Sec.    15; 

P.     0.    Manchester;       born     in    St. 

Lawrence    Co.,  N.     Y.,  November   5, 

1842;   moved   to  Dubuque,   Iowa,    in 

4 


620 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


1854  and  to  this  county  in  1858;  en- 
listed in  Co.  "  K,"  21st  I.  V.  I.,  Aug. 
15, 1862  ;  participated- in  the  battles  of 
Hartsville,  Port  Gibson,  Champion  Hill, 
Black  Kiver  Bridge,  Vicksburg  and  the 
capture  of  Mobile;  was  honorably  dis- 
charged July  15,  1865.  He  married 
Mrs.  Annie  J.  Stowe,  May  7,  1876  ;  has 
one  child,  AUie  P.,  born  Feb.  22,  1877. 
Mrs.  D.  was  born  in  Ontario  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  Nov.  12,  1843;  married  H.  0. 
Stowe  in  1861  who  died  April  26. 1878  ; 
has  by  this  marriage  two  children — 
Lillie  May,  born  May  10,  1863,  and 
Orr  Edward,  born  July  1,,  1869. 
Dutton  Geo.  H.  Farmer  ;  Sec.  35  ;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 

ELDER  THOS.  Farmer,  Sec.  2 ;  P. 
0.  Manchester. 

Eldridge  Midian,  farmer ;  Sec.  4  ;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 

EMRICH  JOHN,  far.  S.  13;  P.O. 
Delhi ;  owns  80  acres  of  land  ;  born  in 
Germany,  Dec.  11,  1809  ;  came  to  New 
York  State  in  1847  and  to  this  county 
in  1855;  married  Miss  Mary  Freyer 
in  18.^6  ;  has  two  children,  Elizabeth, 
born  April  4,  1836,  and  Catherine,  born 
Nov.  25,  1843..  Elizabeth  married 
John  Hartman,  Nov.  24,  1855,  who 
enlisted  in  the  4th  Iowa  Cavalry  and 
died  June  25, 1864,  of  wounds  received 
in  battle.  She  has  four  children — Carrie, 
born  Oct.  19,  1856;  John,  born  May 
4,  1858  ;  Clara,  born  Dec.  4,  1860,  and 
George,  born  June  16,  1863. 

Eshelman  Samuel,  farmer  ;  Sec.  27  ;  P. 
0.  Manchester. 

Esterbrook   A.    farmer,   Sec.    5 ;    P.    0. 

I^IERSTINE  M.  J.  farmer,  Sec.  22  ; 
P.  0.  Manchester. 
French  J.  N.  farmer.  Sec.  5 ;  P.  0.  Man- 
chester. 
Friend  E.  C.  farmer,  See.  35  ;  P.  0.  Man- 
chester. 

GREEN    JAMES,    farmer,    Sec.  9; 
P.  0.  Manchester. 
Gibson   James,   farmer,  Sec.    30;    P.  0. 

Manchester. 
Gibson   William,  farmer.  Sec.  30 ;  P.   0. 

Manchester 
HAMBLIN  EDWIN  M.  Farmer; 
Sec.  23  ;  P.  0.  Manchester ;  owns  147 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $25  per  acre ; 
born  in  Marquette  Co.,  Wisconsin,  Oct. 


6,  1850 ;  came  to  this  county  with 
parents  in  1851 ;  married  Miss  Sadie  M. 
Brownell,  Dec.  14, 1873.  She  was  born 
in  this  county  Aug.  1,  1856 ;  he  is  a 
Republican  and  Protestant. 

HAMBLIN  GEO.  R.  Farmer ;  See. 
26. 

HAlIBIilN  MARK,  Farmer - 
Sec.  32  ;  P.  0.  Manchester ;  owns  173 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $25  per  acre. 
Born  in  Franklin  County,  Ohio,  Feb- 
ruary 24,  1825  ;  married  Miss  Tem- 
perance Densmore  August  5,  1849. 
She  was  born  in  New  York,  Decem- 
ber 11,  1831 ;  came  to  Marquette  Co., 
Wis.,  March  1850,  and  to  this  county  in 
April,  1851 ;  has  five  children*  living, 
and  three  deceased — Edward  M.,  born 
Oct.  16,  1850  ;  John  T.,born  March  1, 
1850,  died  Sept.  5,  1869  ;  Frank  W., 
born  May  4,  1854,  died  March  4, 
1864  ;  Emma  E.,  born  June  28,  1857, 
died  Nov.  5,  1864 ;  Chas.  G.,  bom 
Jan.  16,  1860  ;  Solon  R.,  bom  July 
25,1862;  Elvira  C,  born  March  4, 
1865;  Annie  B.,  born  March  20,  1870. 
During  the  first  sixteen  years  of  his 
residence  in  this  county,  he  worked  at 
the  mason  trade,  and  he,  with  his  part- 
ner, were  the  only  masons  in  Delhi  Tp. 
for  a  number  of  years.  He  is  one  of 
the  early  settlers  of  this  vicinity,  and 
has  done  much  to  promote  the  growth 
and  development  of  this  part  of  the 
county. 

Hamblin  R.  far.,  S.  33;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Hayden  Wm.  painter.  Sec.  12;  P.  0. 
Delhi. 

HOGAN  JAMES,  Farmer,  Sec.  20; 
P.  0.  Manchester;  owns  160  acres,  val- 
ued at  $30  per  acre.  Born  in  Ireland, 
in  1825,  came  to  Chicago  in  1847,  to 
Dubuque  Co.,  Iowa,  in  1855,  and  to 
this  county  in  1859.  Married  Miss 
Ellen  Henrick  May  12,  1855;  she  was 
born  in  Dublin  March  27, 1833.  Have 
eight  children — Catharine,  born  March 
31,  1857  ;  William  and  John,  May  29, 
1858;  Francis,  Jan.  10,  1860;  An- 
drew, Jan.  17,  1862  ;  Mary  A.,  Feb. 
11,  1865  ;  Elizabeth,  March  13,  1872 ; 
and  Ellon,  March  20,  1875. 

Huey  Dan'l,  far.,  S.  32;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

HUEY  EMMETT,  Farmer,  Sec.  32; 
P.  0.  Manchester.  Born  in  Schuyler 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  May  10,  1848,  moved  to 


MILO  TOWNSHIP. 


621 


•  Lycoming  Co.,  Pa.,  in  1866,  where  he 
was  engaged  in  the  lumber  business  for 
five  years ;  came  to  this  county  in  1871, 
where  he  has  since  resided  ;  owns,  with 
his  brother,  1 60  acres  of  land,  valued 
at  $25  per  acre ;  in  politics,  a  Demo- 
crat. 

Huggins  Jesse,  far.,  S.  23;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

HUTCHINSO]^  CRAWFORD, 

.  Broker,  Sec.  17  ;  office  in  the  town  of 
Manchester,  with  A.  S.  Blair,  attorney 
at  law ;  P.  0.  Manchester.  Born  in 
Sunderland,  England,  Jan.  2,  1848,  and 
came  to  this  county  in  1864. 

JAKELIN   PETEK,   laborer,   renter; 
Sec.  2 ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Jones  W.  H.  farmer,  Sec.  20;  P.  0.  Man- 
chester. 

K ASTER  WM.  farmer.  Sec.  11 ;  P. 
0.  Manchester. 

Raster  Hiram. far.  S.  2 ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

KEWNEY  C.  W.  Parmer,  S.  5  ;  P.  0. 
Manchester;  born  in  Windham  Co.,  Vt., 
Feb.  26, 18ll ;  moved  with  his  parents  to 
Canada  East,  in  1821,  to  Bangor,  Me., 
in  1833  and  to  this  Co.  in  1865 ;  owds, 
with  son,  90  acres  of  land,  valued  at 
$25  per  acre;  married  Miss  Sarah 
Boodry,  March  4,  1837,  who  died  April 
29,  1869  ;  has  six  children— Tryphena, 
born  Oct.  11,  1838;  Luke  A.,  born 
April  30,  1840  (he  was  killed  in  a 
skirmish  at  Deep  Bottom,  in  the  Spring 
of  1865);  J.  B.,  bom  June  28,  1842; 
Willard,  born  Dec.  22,  1844;  Almus, 
born  Dec.  4, 1847  ;  Lucy  E.,  born  June 
16,  1850,  and  Luther  T.,  Nov.  7, 1855. 

Kenney  J.  B.  farmer,  Sec.  8  ;  P.  0.  Man- 
chester. 

King  J.  P.  farmer.  Sec.  21 ;  P.  0.  Man- 
chester. 

King  N.  C.  farmer,  Sec.  21  ;  P.  0.  Man- 
chester.       . 

Koehler   Jacob,   farmer,    Sec.    8 ;  P.    U 

Koehler  M.  far.,  S.  18;  P.O.  Manchester. 

LILLIBRIDGB  JOHN,  farmer,  Sec. 
11 ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 
LAKTOOG  MARTIN,  Farmer^ 
Sec.  2;  P.  O.  Manchester;  owns  bU 
acres  of  land;  born  in  Schenectady  Co., 
N.  Y.,  Sept.  18,  1806;  came  to  this 
county  in  Oct.,  1852;  married  Mrs. 
Nancy  Grommon,  who  died  Feb.^rf, 
1875;  has  six  children— Sarah  J.,  born 
July   12,    1840;    Ransom,    April    15, 


1842;  Nathan,  May  20, 1844;  Harriet, 
March  25,  1846 ;  Eliza  M.,  June  26, 
1848;  and  Laura  A.,  Feb.  14,  1850; 
Eliza  M.  married  Thos.  Elder,  May  16, 
1872  ;  they  have  two  children — Lyle, 
born  Nov.  14,  1874,  and  Clark,  Aug. 
30,  1877. 

Lillibridge  Leverett,  farmer,  Sec.  11 ;  P. 
0.  Manchester. 

Logan  G.  T.  laborer ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

liOGASf  WM.  M.  Parmer,  Sec.  9  ; 
P.  0.  Manchester;  owns  178  acres, 
valued  at  $25  per  acre;  born  in  Ben- 
nington Co.,  Vt.,  Sept.  24,  1842  ;  en- 
listed in  Co.  C,  14th  V.  V.  I.,  Aug.  28, 
1862,  for  nine  months,  and  at  the 
expiration  of  that  time,  re-enlisted  in 
Co.  E,  5th  V.  V.  I. ;  participated  in  the 
battles  of  Gettysburg,  Petersburg; 
Cedar  Creek,  Fisher's  Hill,  Fredericks- 
burg, Winchester,  and  many  other 
engagements  of  less  note;  was  in  the 
Second  Division,  Sixth  Army  Corps,  that 
led  the  charge  on  the  enemy's  works  at 
capture  of  Petersburg  and  surrender  of 
Gen.  Lee  ;  was  honorably  discharged  at 
Brattleboro,  Vt.,  June  19, 1865 ;  married 
Miss  Adella  Douglas,  Deo.  26, 1867 ;  has 
five  children — ^Jessie,  born  Jan.  7, 
1869;  Freddie,  July  31,  1870;  Alice, 
May  16,  1872  ;  Minnie,  Oct.  29,  1874; 
and  Harry,  April  21, 1876;  Mrs.  Logan 
was  born  in  Oswego  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  2, 
1848. 

Lont  C.  B.  far. ;  Sec.  12  ;  P.  0.  Delaware. 

McCLAREN  PETER,  far. ;  Sec.  28; 
P.  0.  Manchester. 
McElmeel  John,  farmer  ;  Sec.  28 ;  P.  0. 

Manchester. 
McFerrin  Andrew,  farmer ;  Sec.  31 ;  P.  O. 

Manchester. 
McKay  Amos,  far. ;  Sec.  22  ;  P.  0.  Man- 
chester. 
Manderville,  John,  retired ;  Sec.  36  ;  P.  U. 

Delhi.  T>  ^  Ti,r 

Maxwell  John,  farmer;  Sec.  2 ;  P.  0.  Man- 
chester. „    „    T,,        1       i 

Maxwell  Rich'd,  renter ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Miller  David  G.  farmer ;  Sec.  29 ;  i".  U. 
Manchester.  on    d  n 

Miller  Jacob  K.  farmer;  Sec.  29;  f.  V. 
Manchester.  ik    x)  n 

Miller  John  K.  farmer;  Sec.  15;  i'.O 
Manchester,  -        oo     p  n  Man- 

Morey  Uriah,  far. ;  Sec.  33;  P.  0.  Man- 
chester. 


622 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY : 


Morgan  E.  J.  far.;  S.  35  ;  P.O.  Manchester. 

Morgan  Evan,  far. ;  Sec.  36  ;  P.  0.  Man- 
chester. 

Morgan  Samuel,  farmer ;  Sec.  35 ;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 

Morgan  Wm.far.,  S.  35  ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Muckler  L.  P.  far.,  S.  34 ;  P.  0.  Manches- 
ter. 

Muzzy  J.  far.,S.  30 ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Myers  M.  far.,  S.  17 ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

NASH  G.  K.  farmer.  Sec.  1  ;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 

WAPIEB  JOH]V,_  Parmer,  Sec.  36  ; 
P.  0.  Delhi ;  born  in  London,  Eng. 
June  1 7,  1836 ;  came  to  America  in 
1847  ;  followed  the  occupation  of  a  sai- 
•lor  about  nineteen  years ;  enlisted  in 
the  navy  under  Admiral  Dupont,  Sept. 
12,  1861  ;  participated  in  a  large  num- 
ber of  engagements  and  was  honorably 
discharged  in  New  York  City,  Sept.  12, 
1862 ;  married  Mrs.  Hannah  Frank 
March  2,  1864,  and  came  to  this  county 
in  Nov.  of  the  same  year ;  he  has  four 
children — John  W.,  born  April  22 ; 
1866 ;  Esther  M.,  April  3,  1868  ;  Ida 
J.,  Nov.  12,  1871 ;  George  E.,  March 
29,  1876;  Mrs.  N.  was  formerly  mar- 
ried to  David  Frank,  a  native  of  Edin- 
burgh, in  July,  1854  ;  he  died  in  1863; 
she  had  by  that  marriage  two  children 
— David  A.,  born  June  18,  1855,  died 
Dec.  15,  1860,  and  Ellen  E.,  born  May 
17,  1858. 

Noble  Ed.  lab. ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

PETTLON  WILLIAM,  far.;  Sec. 
24 ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

PETTIiOX  JACOB,  Farmer  ;  Sec. 
24;  P.  0.  Delhi;  born  in  Germany, 
Sept.  24, 1813  ;  came  to  N.  Y,  in  1840, 
andmarried  Miss  (Catharine  Mier  Oct.  20, 
of  the  same  year ;  she  was  born  in  Ger- 
many, March  31,  1821  ;  they  have  ten 
children  living — Julia,  born  July  3, 
1842;  Charles,  Jan.  2,  1846;  Jacob 
and  William,  Jan.  5,  1849  ;  Sophia  A., 
July  5,  1853  ;  Caroline  E.,  Jan.  20, 
1855  ;  Mary  A.,  Jan  19,  1858  ;  Fred. 
A.,  Aug.  11,  1859;  Rosy,  May  26, 
1862;  Ida,  April  13, 1865;  became  to 
to  this  county  in  1854;  owns  115  acres 
of  land. 

Peters  Harry,  farmer;  Sec.  24;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 

PIERCE  JAMES,  Farmer;  Sec. 
26;  P.   0.  Manchester;  owns  60  acres 


of  land  valued  at  $20  per  acre ;  born 
in  Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  26 
1845,  and  came  to  this  county  in  1858  • 
married  Miss  Lucy  F.  Smith,  Feb.  26, 
1865.  She  was  born  Jan.  20,1844; 
has  had  one  child,  now  deceased,  born 
Feb.  27, 1874,  died  Nov.  20,  1874.  Mr. 
P.  is  a  Republican. 
Porter,  Henry  6.  farmer  ;  Sec.  34 ;  P.  Q. 
Manchester. 

ROLAND  F.  E.  laborer;  Sec.  18; 
P.  0.   Manchester. 

BEYXOEDS  MARY  A.  MRS. 
Sec.  21  ;  P.  0.  Manchester ;  born  in 
Clarion  Co.,  Penn.,  April,  1835;  moved 
to  Ogle  Co.,  111.,  with  her  parents  in 
1840  ;  married  J.  P.  Newell,  Deo.  25, 
1855,  and  moved  to  this  county  in  the 
Spring  of  the  following  year;  had  by 
this  marriage  three  children — Robert 
A.,  born  Sept.  25,  1856;  Alice  A., 
born  Jan.  1,  1859,  and  Elmer  E.,  born 
March  19,  1861 ;  married  C.  G.  Rey- 
nolds, May  3,  1868  ;  has  one  child  by 
this  marriage,  Charles,  J.  E.,  born  Feb. 
15,1872;  ownF  177J  acres  of  land 
valued  at  $25  per  acre. 

Roland  Harvey,  farmer ;  Sec.  18;  P.  Q. 
Manchester. 

ROEAND  SARAH,  MRS.  S.  9 ; 
P.  0.  Manchester;  born  in  England, 
Aug.  22,  1828.  Came  to  PhUadelphia 
when  18  years  of  age,  and  to  this  county 
in  1855.  Married  William  Green.  He 
was  killed,  Sept.  4,  1856,  by  the  caving 
in  of  a  well  which  he  was  digging. 
Has  by  that  marrifige  two  children — 
James  and  Martha.  Married  Ira  Ro- 
land May  1,  1857,  who  died  Feb.  1, 
1875.  Has  'by  this  marriage  five  chil- 
dren— Charles,  born  March  7,  1858; 
Ann  M.,  Sept.  27,  1860  ;  Henry,  June 
11, 1864;  Gibson,  July  20,  1^67;  and 
Lewis,  Aug.  1,  1871.  Owns  217  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $25  per  acre. 

(LAUNDERS  Isaac,  laborer;  S.  23. 

SCHEEEIJTG  J.  U.  Farmer; 
S.  6 ;  P.  0.  Manchester ;  born  in  Ct. 
Zurich,  Switzerland,  in  1823.  Came 
to  this  country  in  1854,  and  to  Man- 
chester, Delaware  Co.,  in  1858,  where 
he  kept  fur  six  years  the  Dubuque  & 
S.  C.  R.  R.  Eating  Bouse.  Commenced 
farming  and  grape  growing  in  1866  on 
a  farm  of  125  acres,  situated  one  mile 


MILO  TOWNSHIP. 


623 


south  of  Manchester.  In  1875,  he 
commenced  breeding  and  rearing  thor- 
oughbred short-horn  cattle,  and  owns 
to-day  as  fine  a  herd  of  animals  as  can 
be  found  in  the  State.  Is,  in  politics, 
a  Republican  ;  voted  for  Abraham  Lin- 
coln twice ;  also  for  U.  S.  Grant,  but, 
owing  to  dissatisfaction  and  misrepre- 
sentation during  the  last  presidential 
campaign,  he  took  no  part  whatever  in 
it,  not  even  voting. 

Seaton  G.,  lab. ;  S.  22  ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

SeatonH.,lab.;  S.  22  ;  P.O.Manchester. 

SKIXITER  EL,0]V  J.  City  Auc- 
tioneer; P.  0.  Manchester;  born  in  Essex 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  March  27,  1837  ;  emigrated 
to  Middlebury,  Elkhart  Co.,  Ind.  with 
parents,  in  1841 ;  on  Oct.  15, 1851,  came 
to  this  county,  settling  with  parents 
in  Delaware  Tp.,  near  Manchester ;  en- 
listed in  the  1st  Iowa  C,  June  6,  1861, 
and  honorably  discharged  on  July  15, 
1862,  on  account  of  being  disabled  while 
acting  as  courier  for  Gen.  Pope ;  married 
Amanda  J.Murphy,  who  was  born  in  San- 
gamon Co., 111.,  on  Mayl,  1844;  shehad 
the  following  children  by  first  man'age 
— Lula  A.  Murphy,  born  in  Clayton 
Co.,  Iowa,  Jan.  18,  1867;  Frank  M., 
born  in  Hamilton  Co.,  Iowa,  Jan.  6, 
1869 ;  Milo  T.  Skinner,  Jan.  31,  1873  ; 
Dell  J.,  June  22,  1876  ;  Eva  May,  Oct. 
15,  1877  ;  the  last  three  are  children  by 
last  marriage,  and  all  born  in  this  county. 

SmTH  JOHHV  N.  Farmer,  Sec.  16; 
P.  0.  Manchester;  owns  40  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $25  per  acre ;  born  in 
Bremen,  Germany,  March  6,  1818 ; 
came  to  New  Orleans  in  1847  ;  married 
Miss  Mary  Trumpler,  June  6,  1848  ; 
she  was  born  in  Prussia,  May  19,  1824  ; 
the  this  county  in  1869  ;  have 

t.6ree  children — Lena  L.,  bom  April  28, 
lS49;EmUy,  Feb.  12,  1852;  Richard 
W.,  April  22,  1854,  and  one  deceased — 
Herman,  born  April  11,  1861,  died  Oct. 
11,  1861. 

Smith  Richard,  farmer;  Sec.  16;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 

STAWBERRY  MARY,  MRS. 
Sec.  25  ;  P.  0.  Delhi.  Born  in  Alle- 
gany Co.,  N  Y.,  April  14,  1836,  owns 
40  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $25  per 
acre.  Married  Wm.  Stanberry,  at  Hart- 
wick,  Nov.  14,  1 858 ;  he  was  born  in 
Ohio,  Sept.  22,  1837,  and  enlisted  Oct., 


1861, 


in  Co.  B,  15th  I.  V.  I.,  partici- 
pated in  the  battle  of  Pittsburg  Land- 
ing, and  died  at  Corinth,  July  5,  1862. 
Has  two  sons— William  T.,  born  March 
1,  1860,  and  Elmer  K.,  born  Jan.  2 
1862. 

Starkey  Hamilton,  renter;  Sec.  15;  P.  Q. 
Manchester. 

Starkey  Joshua,   far.;  S.  26  ;  P.  Q.  Man- 
chester. 

Starkey  Richard,  far.;  S.  26;  P.  0.  Man- 
cntster. 

Stowe  P.  L.  farmer;  S.  15  ;  P.  0.  Man- 
chester. 

Sutton  John,  farmer ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

TANQUARY  A.  F.  farmer.  Sec.  35; 
P.  0.  Manchester. 
TIERNEY  CATHARINE 
MRS.  Sec.  7;  P.  0.  Manchester. 
Owns  160  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $25 
per  acre.  Born  in  Pa.,  in  1830.  Mar- 
ried John  Tierney  in  Jan.,  1851 ;  he 
was  born  in  Ireland,  in  1823,  and  came 
to  New  York  State  about  1839.  They 
moved  to  this  county  in  1 857 ;  have 
six  children — Joanna  M.,  born  Nov.  5, 
1852;  Thomas  E.,  April  2, 1854;  Mar- 
garet, Jan.  9,  1856;  John,  June  2, 
1859  ;  Francis  G.;  April  9,  1861 ;  and 
Wm.  L.,  Feb.  9,  1863.  Mr.  T.  was 
one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Manchester, 
and  did  much  to  aid  in  the  growth  and 
development  of  that  city ;  was  engaged 
in  the  mercantile  business,  and  died 
April  14,  1864,  beloved  and  respected 
by  all  who  knew  him. 
TAYLOR  ORMAN  E.  Farmer, 
Sec.  32;  P.  0.  Golden  Prairie;  was 
born  in  Windsor  Co.,Vt.,  Jan.  14, 1836; 
came  to  Hopkinton  at  the  opening  of 
Bowen  Collegiate  Institute,  1859,  where 
he  was  Professor  of  Mathematics  and 
Teacher  of  Vocal  Music  four  years. 
Was  married  to  Miss  Martha  P.  Brown 
April  15,  1863;  during  the  ensumg 
season  began  the  first  improvements  on 
his  farm.  In  the  Fall  of  1864,  was 
elected  County  Recorder  ;  returned  to 
his  farm  in  1868,  where  he  has  since 
remained.  Five  years  previous  to  his 
coming  to  this  county,  there  was  a  large 
amount  of  Government  land  here, 
and  when  he  began  living  on  his  farm, 
the  prairie  was  mostly  unimproved.  He 
was  first  Postmaster  at  Golden  Prairie, 
and  has  taken  an  important  part  in  many 


624 


DIBECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


public  enterprises.  He  and  his  brotter 
built  the  first  cheese  factory  in  the 
western  half  of  the  county.  His  wife 
was  born  in  Kane  Co.,  111.,  Jan.  8, 1841. 
They  have  three  children — Martha 
Bertha,  Mary  Ethel  and  Orman  Ernest. 

TODD  JAMES  T.  Farmer,  See. 
18  ;  P.  0.  Manchester  ;  owns  320  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $25  per  acre  ;  was 
born  in  Eockingham  Co.,  N.  H.,  Jan. 
1822 ;  moved  to  Winnebago  County, 
111.  Married  Miss  Caroline  Proctor 
Feb.  7,  1855,  and  moved  to  this  county 
immediately  after  their  marriage,  where 
they  have  since  resided.  Mrs.  T.  was 
born  in  Cuyahoga  Co.,  Ohio,  July  17, 
1834. 

Trumbull  Chas.  laborer,  Sec.  15  ;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 

Trumbull  D.  farmer  and  M.  D. ;  Sec.  15  ; 
P.  0.  Manchester. 

Tunis  Frank,  laborer ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

TURWER  SAIiEM,  Farmer;  Sec. 
17  ;  P.  0.  Manchester ;  born  in  Che- 
shire Co.,  N.  H.,  Nov.  16, 1834  ;  came  to 
Lee  Co.,  111.,  in  1857,  and  to  this 
county  in  1860 ;  enlisted  in  6th  Iowa 
Cavalry  Sept.  10,  1864;  was  honorably 
discharged  Oct,  20,  1865.  Married 
Miss  Julia  Raymond,  Aug.  16,  1856  ; 
she  was  born  Aug.  •27, 1836  ;  has  eight 
children — Annie,  Minnie,  Charles,  G-eo., 
Ellen,  Cora,  Lewis  and  Lucy. 

UTIiE  Y  C.  L,.  Farmer ;  Sec.  25  ;  P. 
0.  Manchester;  born  in  Brie  Co., 
Ohio,  March  1 1 , 1 841 ;  came  to  this  county 
in  1861;  enlisted  Aug.  11,  1862,  in 
Company  F,  27th  I.  V.  I.  ;  participated 
in  the  battles  of  Fort  Derusha,  Pleasant 
Hill,  Nashville,  Parker's  Cross  Eoads, 
Tallahatchie,  Old  Oaks,  Little  Rock, 
Blakely  and  Spanish  Fort ;  in  all  these 
battles  was  but  once  slightly  wounded ; 
married  Miss  Margaret  Scott,  Nov.  12, 
1866.  She  was  born  Dec.  6,  1850. 
Has  three  children — Minnie,  born  Deo. 
1,  1867;  Mina,  born  March  6,  1873, 
and  Cora,  bom  Aug.  7,  1875. 

VAN  FLEET  H.  J.  laborer  ;  Sec.  31  ; 
P.  0.  Golden  Prairie. 
Van  Fleet  J.  S.  laborer ;    Sec.  31 ;    P.  0. 
Golden  Prairie. 

WARD  M.  R.   far.  ;  Sec.  32  ;  P.  O. 
Manchester. 
WARD  HARRY  €}.  Farmer;  Sec. 
32 ;  P.  0.  Manchester ;  born  in  Fulton 


Co.,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  23,  1856 ;  came  to 
this  county  Jan.  23,  1871,  where  he  has 
resided. 

WHE ATIiEY  WM.  Farmer ;  Sec. 
16  ;  P.  0.  Manchester  ;  born  in  England 
Aug.  12,  1834;  came  to  Illinois  in 
1854;  enlisted  Aug.,  1861,  in  Co.  B, 
33d  111.  Inf. ;  was  honorably  discharged 
at  Springfield,  III.,  in  Oct.,  1864;  mar- 
ried Miss  Jane  Hollis  Nov.  18,  1866  ; 
they  have  one  daughter,  Melinda  B., 
born  Sept.  12,  1868.  Mr.  W.  came  to 
this  county  in  1875. 

Wilson  Alex.,  Sec.  27  ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

WILSON  E.  C.  Farmer;  Sec.  22  ;  P. 
0.  Manchester ;  born  in  England  Sept. 
13,  1841 ;  moved  to  Iowa  Co.,  Wis.,  in 
1848,  and  to  Mower  Co.,  Mina.,  in 
1857,  and  to  this  county  in  1861;  en- 
listed in  the  6th  Iowa  Cav.  in  1862,  and 
participated  in  the  battles  of  Whitestone 
Hill,  Pair  Oak  Mountain,  and  many  other 
desperate  encounters ;  was  honorably 
discharged  in  Nov.,  1865  ;  married  Miss 
Tirzeh  M.  Seaton  April  6,  1867 ;  has 
two  children — Frank,  aged  9,  and  Ber- 
tie, aged  6. 

Wilson  John  A.  renter.  Sec.  27 ;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 

WILSON  THOS.  T.  Parmer,  Sec. 
31;  P.  O.  Manchester;  born  in  En- 
gland, March  17,  1839  ;  came  to  Chi- 
cago, 111.,  in  1848,  and  to  this  county  in 
1854 ;  enlisted  Jan  6,  1861,  in  Co.  H, 
16th  I.  V.  I.;  participated  in  the  battles 
of  Pittsburg  Landing,  Raymond,  luka, 
Guntown,  siege  of  Vicksburg,  Corinth, 
Grand  Gulf,  Fort  Gibson,  Champion 
Hill,  Black  River  Bridge,  Chattanooga, 
Altoona  Pass,  Peach  Tree  Creek  and 
Atlanta ;  was  honorably  discharged, 
March  27,  1865,  at  Goldsboro,  N.  C; 
married  Miss  Bridget  Haley,  in  July, 
1865 ;  she  was  born  in  Thomsonville, 
Conn.,  Aug.  1850;  they  have  four  chil- 
dren. 

Wiser  John,  far.,  S.  19 ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

WOOD  JOHN,  Farmer,  Sec.  26; 
P.  0.  Delhi;  owns  130  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $20  per  acre ;  born  in  Ohio, 
June  10,  1840  ;  moved  to  Illinois  when 
about  two  years  old ;  came  to  this 
county  in  1845  ;  enlisted  Aug.,  1861,  in 
2d  Iowa  Cavalry  ;  participated  ia  over 
forty  battles,  and  was  but  once  wounded,- 
in  the  hip,  at  the  battle  of  Prairie  Sta- 


ELK  TOWNSHIP. 


626 


tion;  was  honorably  discharged,  Oct., 
1864 ;  married  Miss  Almeda  Hastings, 
Jan.  25,  1866 ;  she  was  born  in  Geauga 
Co.,  Ohio,  Oct.  13,  1847;  they  have 
one  daughter,  born  Jan.  25,  1870. 

WOODARD  BEIVJ.  Farmer;  Sec. 
36;  P.  0.  Delhi;  born  in  Vt.,  Aug. 
17,  1822;  came  to  Kankakee  Co.,  111., 
in  1838,  and  went  to  California,  in 
1852,  remaining  there  nine  years,  and 
returning,  settled  in  Fillmore  Co.,  Minn., 
and  came  from  there  to  this  Co.  in  April, 
1868  ;  has  210  acres  of  land  ;  married 
Mrs.  Harriet  A.  Reed,  in  Minn.,  March 
15,  1864 ;  they  have  two  children — 
Millard,  aged  twelve,  and  Ida  C,  aged 
seven  ;  Mrs.  Woodard  was  born  in  St. 
Lawrence  Co.,  N.  Y.;  her  children,  by 
her  former  iparriage,  are — Clara,  aged 
eighteen,  and  Luke,  aged  sixteen. 

Wright  Oliver,  renter;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

YOUNG  FRED,  farmer;  Sec.  20; 
P.  0.  Manchester. 
TOUWO  D.  R.  Farmer;  Sec.  20; 
P.  0.  Manchester;  son  of  Daniel  and 
Catharine  Young ;  owns  188  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $50  per  acre  ;  born  in 
Washington  Co.,  Md.,  Oct.  8,  1828; 
married  Miss  Ann  M.  Beck,  Nov.  25, 
1855,  by  the  Rev.  John  Zeibers,  at 
Tiffin,  Seneca  Co.,  Ohio;  she  was  the 
daughter  of  Felix  and  Martha  Beck, 
and  was  born  in  Franklin  Co.,  Pa.,  Dec. 
31,  1833;  they  have  three  children 
living— Daniel  T.,  born  Nov.  24,  1857 ; 
Susie  R.,  born  April  15,  1860,  and 
Catherine  B.,  born  Aug.  29,  1864;  is  a 
Republican  and  member  of  the  United 


Brethren  Church.     Mr.  Y.  was  one  of 
the  early  settlers  of  this  part  of  the  Co.; 
came  here  with  limited  means,  and  now 
owns  one  of  the  finest  farms  in  the  Co.; 
he  has  recently  made  some  valuable  im- 
provements in  the  way  of  barn  and  out- 
buildings,  the  barn   alone  costing  up- 
w,ird  of  $3,000,  and  is  one  of  the  finest 
in  the  Co..    Felix  Beck,  Mrs.  Young's 
grandfather,  was  born  in  Lancaster  Co., 
Pa.,  Feb.  22,  1766 ;  he  married  Maria 
Brenner,  Nov.  20,  1785  ;  she  was  born 
in  Lancaster  Co.,  Pa.,  March  12, 1770 ; 
he  was   Colonel   in    the  war  of  1812. 
Felix  Beck,  Jr.,  their  son,  Mrs.  Young's 
father,   was  born  in  the  above  named 
place,  Dec.  3,  1805,  and  married  Martha 
Berkholder,  March  12,  1833;  she  was 
born  in  Franklin  Co.,   Pa.,  April  30, 
1813;  they  were  married  by  Rev.  John 
Ruthruff.     Mr.    Young's    great-grand- 
father, Geo.  Young,  was  born  July  28, 
1727,    Md.;    he    married    a    Rebecca 
Snyder,  Oct.  9,   1753 ;  she  was  born 
Jan.  10,  1730,  in  Md.,and  are  descend- 
ants from  Germany ;  Daniel  Young,  their 
son,   was  born  in   Frederick   Co.,  Md., 
Feb.  18,  1755  ;  was  married  to  Marga- 
ret Shuck,  March  16,  1785;  she  was 
bom  in  Germany,  Oct.  4,  1747;  he  was 
Captain  in  the  war  of  1777  ;  their  son, 
Daniel,  Jr.,  the  father  of  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  was  born  in  the  same  place, 
Sept.  12,  1788;  he  married  Catherine 
Stech,  Nov.  23,  1823;  married  by  Rev. 
John  Ruthruff;  she  was  born  in  Lan- 
caster Co.,  Pa.,  Oct.  8,  1790. 
Young  S.  R.  far.;  S.  17 ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 


ELK    TOWNSHIP. 


ALLEN  JOS.  farmer  ;  Sec.  2  ;  P.  0. 
Greeley. 
AUenstien  Chris,  laborer  ;  S.  28  ;  Greeley. 
ARBrCKIiE  JAMES  M.  Farm 
er  ;   Sec.    27  ;    P.   O.  Greeley  ;  born  in 
Mercer    Co.,  Pa.,  Sept.  6,   1832;  mar- 
ried Martha  Montgomery,  Sept.  30, 1861; 
she  was  born  in  Mercer  Co.,  Pa.,  April 
10,  1839  ;  they  came  to  this  county  in 
1866;  owns  535  acres    of  land;  have 
,      eight    children— Sarah    E„   John   W., 
Archie,    Rachel,    Mary   E.,    Eliza   A., 


Charles   J.  and   Bell   V. ;  Mr.  A.  has  , 
been    School  Director  four   and    Road 
Supervisor  one  year  ;  family  attend  the 
Christian  Church  ;  Mrs.  A.  is  a  member 

of  the  same.  

ARMSTRONG  THOMAS  J. 
Farmer ;  Sec.  30 ;  P.  0.  Greeley ;  born  m 
Butler  Co.,  Ohici,  Dec.  16,  1835 ;  came 
to  this  county  in  1852  ;  owns  205  acres 
of  land  ;  was  married  April  15,  looy-.t" 
Lucy  M.  Bellows  ;  she  was  born  in  Ohio ; 
have   two  children  living— Tommie  B. 


626 


DIRECTOBY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


John  H. ;  lost  three— Eliza,  Joy  B.  and 
Janie ;  Mr.  A.  is  a  member  of  Tadmore 
Lodge,  No.  2^i5,  A.,  F.  &  A.  M.  ;  Ira 
Bellows,  Esq.,  father  of  Mrs.  A.,  was 
one  of  the  first  settlers  of  this  township ; 
now  resides  in  Washington  County,  aged 
69  years. 
"DAKER  J.  wagon  maker;  Greeley. 

Baldwin  A.  L.  tinsmith;  S.  9;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Ballweber  Martin,  laborer  ;  Greeley. 

Baynes  Christopher;  far;  S.  16;  P.O.  Greeley. 

Barger  Blias, renter ;  S.  1  ;P.O.Colesburg. 

BARR  HE5JRY,  Farmer;  Sec.  7; 
P.  0.  Edgewood;  born  in  Ireland,  June 
27,  1817  ;  came  to  Canada  in  1842,  and 
to  this  county  in  1867 ;  owns  240  acres 
of  land;  was  married  in  Canada  in  1853, 
to  Eliza  J.  Morgan;  she  was  born  in 
Ireland,  Nov.  17,  1834;  her  parents 
emigrated  to  Canada  when  she  was  an 
infant;  have  ten  children  living — Henry, 
Kat«,  Mary,  Matilda,  Amelia,  Ann  J., 
Richard  M.,  John  A.,  George  W.  and 
Bertha  D.;  lost  one — Lizzie  E.,  died 
Sept.  13,  1874;  the  two  elder  daugh- 
ters are  teaching  in  this  county ;  Mr.  B. 
has  been  School  Director  two  years  and 
Road  Supervisor  several  years ;  all  are 
members  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 

Barr  Henry  Jr. ;  Edgewood. 

BECKIVER  JOHN,  Farmer;  Sec. 
24  ;  P.  0.  Earlville  ;  born  in  Botetourt 
Co.,  Va.,  June  19,  1808;  moved  with 
his  parents  to  Monroe  Co.,  Va.,  when 
young.  Remained  there  until  1836, 
when  he  removed  to  La  Porte  Co.,  Ind. ; 
was  married  there  July  2,  1840,  to  Su- 
sanna Beckner.  She  was  born  in  same 
county,  Va.,  Aug.  31,  1818.  Have  ten 
children — Jonathan  M.,  Francis  M., 
Joseph  E.,  Rufus  M.,  Sarah  V.,  John 
A.,  Lydia  A.,  Thomas  E.,  Ella  J.  and 
Charles  H.  Lost  two — Mary  E.,  died 
April  23,  1849,  and  Albert,  Aug.  30, 
1860.  Mr.  B.  was  School  Director, 
Township  Trustee  and  Road  Supervisor 
several  years.  For  a  number  of  years 
previous  to  leaving  Virginia,  he  was  en- 
gaged in  teaming  and  hauling  salt  and 
other  freight  from  the  Kanawha  Valley, 
over  the  mountains,  when  railroads  were 
unknown  there  ;  are  members  of  the 
Christian  Church. 
BECKNER  RUFUS  M.  Farmer; 
Sec.  34  ;  P.   0.   Greeley  ;  born   in  La 


Porte  Co.,  Ind.,  Jan.  31,  1848;  accom- 
panied his  parents  to  this  county  in 
1854 ;  was  married  Dec.  22,  1877,  to 
Dora  F.  Winchell.  She  was  born  near 
Dubuque,  in  1857.  Mr.  B.  owns  160 
acres  of  land  in  Fayette  Co.  Was  Sec- 
retary of  the  School  Board  two  years  ; 
are  members  of  the  Christian  Church. 

Blackburn  T.  C.  laborer ;  Sec.  32  ;  P.  0. 
Greeley. 

BliODGETT  MELO  M.  D., 
Postmaster  and  Justice  of  the  Peace, 
Greeley ;  born  in  Caledonia  Co.,  Vt,, 
Feb.  20,  1837  ;  came  to  this  county 
and  settled  at  Earlville,  in  1868.  Kept 
a  drug  store  there  until  1872 ;  then 
came  to  this  place,  and  in  1874  built 
the  first  hotel  erected  in  this  place ;  kept 
hotel  one  year,  then  rented  it  to  other 
parties ;  has  been  Postmaster  since  Aug,,, 
1876;  was  married  May  29,  1872,  to 
Mrs.  Catherine  Drybread,  daughter  of 
the  Rev.  John  Martindale.  She  was 
born  May  6,  1835,  in  Michigan. '  She 
has  two  children  by  first  marriage — 
Addie  E.  and  Annie.  Dr.  B.  is  Vice 
President  of  the  Delaware  County  Medi- 
cal Society ;  is  a  member  of  the  A.  0. 
U.  W.  Family  attend  ihe  Christian 
Church,  of  which  Mrs.  B.  and  eldest 
daughter  are  members. 

Brady  J.  M.  far. ;  Sec.  10 ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Brady  Wm.  far.  ;  Sec.  10 ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Brandt  S.  A.  far. ;  Sec.  27 ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Brazeltori  S.  Notary  Public;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Brown  John  W.  farmer,  Sec.  27 ;  P.  0. 
Greeley. 

Brownwi^>U  P.  F.  farmer.  Sec.  30;  P.  0. 
Greeley. 

Burbridge  W.  H.  farmer,  Sec.  31 ;  P.  0. 
Greeley. 

C^  AMP  JAMES,  farmer,  Sec.  9  ;  P.  0. 
J     Greeley. 

Campbell  T.  B.  station  agt. ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Canine  R.  W.  far.,  8.  32 ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Carrgan  M.  far.  S.  28 ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Carter  J.  W.  far.,  S.  4  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Chase  D.  F.  far.,  S.  18 ;  P.  0.  Greeley.     ' 

CHASE  EZRA  F.  Farmer,  Sec.  1; 
P.  0.  Greely.  Born  in  Tompkins  Co., 
N.  Y.,  March  21,  1830;  came  to  thi» 
county  in  1853 ;  owns  145  acres  of 
land  ;  was  married,  in  1842,  to  Naomi 
McCall ;  she  was  born  in  Allegany  Co., 
N.  Y.,  Oct.  15, 1815.  They  have  three 
children  living — James  D.,  Naomi  M. 


ELK  TOWNSHIP. 


627 


(Mrs.  Tuttle),  and  Flora  H.  (Mrs. 
MeKray).  Frank,  the  oldest  son,  en- 
listed in  the  27th  I.  V  I.,  was  with  the 
regiment  in  its  campaigns  until  the 
Winter  of  1864;  his  health  failed,  he 
was  taken  to  the  hospital,  and  died  at 
Baton  Rouge,  La.,  April  14, 1865.  Mr.  C. 
was  County  Superintendent  of  Schools 
one  term,  Justice  of  the  Peace  one 
term,  Township  Trustee  one  term,  and 
School  Director  20  years. 

Chase  James,  far.,  Sec.  17  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

CHASE  JAUIES  D.  Farmer,  Sec. 
17  ;  P.  O.  Greeley ;  born  in  Cataraugus 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  July  19,  1846  ;  accompanied 
his  father  to  this  county  in  1853  ;  was 
married  Feb.  1,  1877,  to  Sarah  J.  Hin- 
dal ;  she  was  born  in  Green  Co.,  Wis., 
Feb.  2,  1858  ;  came  to  this  county  in 
1865 ;  have  one  child — Frank,  born 
Jan.  24,  1878  ;  owns  134  acres  of  land. 
Mr.  C.  enlisted,  Sept.  24,  1864,  in  the 
27th  I.  V.  I.;  regiment  mustered  out  at 
the  close  of  the  war.  Is  a  member  of 
Tadmore Lodge,  No.  1^25,  A..  F.  &  A.  M. 

Collins  M.  far.;  S.  17  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

COIIBS  JA9IES  W.  Miller  and 
Bookkeeper,  Greeley  ;  born  in  Clay  Co., 
Ind.,  Jan.  14,  1848 ;  accompanied  his 
parents  to  this  county  in  1860  ;  settled 
in  this  town  ;  worked  about  six  years  at 
Reddens'  mills ;  was  bookkeeper  and 
salesman  in  their '  store  nearly  three 
years,  and  has  just  been  appointed  As- 
sessor for  this  township.  Mr.  C.  is  a 
member  of  Tadmore  Ledge,  No.  225,  A., 
F.  and  A.  M.,  also  of  the  Universalist 
Church  of  this  place. 

COXXER  THOMAS  J.  Proprie 
tor  Greeley  House ;  born  in  Fayette  Co., 
Pa.,  Oct.  29,  1831  ;  came  to  this  county 
and  settled  near  Colesburg  in  1852  ;  was 
married  Dec.  1,*1860,  to  Dovie  Young; 
she  was  born  in  Park  Co.,  Ind.,  July  1, 
1837  ;  came  here  in  1849  with  his  par- 
ents, who  were  among  the  first  settlers 
in  Colony  Township ;  in  1865,  Mr.  C. 
moved  to  Kansas ;  returned  in  ^1868 ; 
has  worked  at  the  carpenter  trade  four- 
teen years ;  engaged  in  hotel  keeping  last 
July;  he  is  a  member  of  Tadmore 
Lodge,  No.  225,  A.,  F.  and  A.  M;  fami- 
ly belongs  to  the  Universalist  Church. 

Cook  J.  T.  farmer ;  Sec.  18  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

CORELIi  ED WIX,  Farmer;  Sec. 
33;  P.  O.  Greeley;  born  in  Allegany 


Co.,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  2,  1845  ;  came  to  this 
county  in  1850  ;  in  1856,  while  crossing 
the  prairies  of  Miunesota,  he  became 
lost  in  a  storm  and  was  oblifred  to  lay 
out  all  night,  and  thereby  had  his  feet 
so  badly  frozen  that  it  was  necessary  to 
amputate  them  at  the  instep  ;  in  1861, 
he  enlisted  in  the  12th  Inwa  Infantry  ■ 
was  in  the  battles  of  Fort  Henry,  Vieks- 
burg,  Corinth  and  several  other  engage- 
ments ;  was  discharged  in  Nov.  1864 ; 
was  married  Oct.  16,  1872,  to  Louisa 
V.  Chapman ;  she  was  born  in  Medina 
Co.,  Ohio,  May  12,  1850;  have  three 
children — Park  B.,  Dunham  S.  and 
Harvey;  owns  188  acres  of  land;  was 
School  Director  two  years  and  is  now 
Treasurer  of  the  Board. 

COBELL  HORACE  A.  Farmer; 
Sec.  20  ;  P.  0.  Greeley  ;  born  in  Alle- 
gany Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  17,  1837 ;  came 
with  his  parents  to  this  county  in  1850  ; 
enlisted  Aug.  10,  1862,  in  the  27th 
Regiment  Iowa  Infantry  ;  was  with  them 
in  all  of  their  campaigns  till  the  close  of 
the  war ;  was  mustered  out  and  reached 
home  Aug.  10,  1865,  exactly  three 
years  from  the  time  he  enlisted ;  owns 
195  acres  of  land  ;  was  married  Dec.  9, 
1866,  to  Ellen  A.  Tomlinson;  she  waa 
born  in  Michigan  ;  died  March  1,  1870  ; 
was  the  mother  of  two  children— Chas. 
D.,  born  April  15,  1868,  and  Ellen  A., 
Sept.  5,  1869 ;  she  died  in  Nov.,  1875 ; 
he  was  married  second  time  to  Elizabeth 
R.  Penny  Nov.  21,  1876  ;  she  was  born 
in  this  township  Jan.  26,  1854;  have 
one  child — Lottie,  born  Oct.  9,  1877  ; 
his  mother,  now  75  years  of  age,  lives 
with  him  and  remembers  when  there 
were  only  two  houses  within  sight  of 
where  they  now  live,  when  herds  of  deer 
could  frequently  be  seen  crossing  the 
fields;  he  is  a  member  of  Tadmore 
Lodge,  A.,  F.  and  A.  M. ;  attends  the 
Universalist  Church. 

Correll  James  E.  speculator,  Greeley. 

COREIili  JOHST,  Stock  and  Grain 
Dealer ;  born  in  Wyoming  Co.,  N.  Y., 
Aug.  29, 1830  ;  came  to  this  county  in 
1851  ;  was  married  in  his  native  State, 
April  12,  1855,  to  Margaret  Duncan; 
she  was  born  in  Cattaraugus  Co.,  N.  Y., 
1834  ;  she  came  to  this  county,  where 
she  died  July  16,  1856;  second  wife 
was  Emma    Wood,  married  Feb.   21, 


628 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


1861 ;  She  was  bom  in  La  Porte  Co., 
Ind.,  ISaS;  owns  40  acres  of  land; 
handles  on  an  average  about  $60,000 
worth  of  grain  and  over  $100,000  worth 
of  stock  annually,  in  which  he  has  one- 
half  interest ;  is  one  of  the  charter 
members  of  Tadmore  Lodge,  A.,  P.  and 
A.  M.,  of  which  he  has  held  olfi'ce  of 
Treasurer  several  terms. 
Culberson  William  D.  miller,  Bedding's 
Mill;  P.  0.  Greeley. 
L  AVIS  A.  far.;  Sec.  18  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 


D' 


Davis  S.  N.  stone  mason. 

Davis  Wm.  Sec.  27 ;  far. ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

DAVIS  WILIilAM  F,  Physician 
and  Surgeon  ;  P.  0.  Greeley  ;  born  in 
Lansing,  Tompkins  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  17, 
1 846  ;  graduated  at  Bellevuc  Hospital, 
N.  Y.  city,  in  1868  ;  went  to  Genoa,  N. 
Y.,  same  year  and  commenced  practice  ; 
was  married  Nov.  14,  1875,  to  Jane 
Moe ;  she  was  born  in  Cuba, 
N.  Y.,  Sept.  20,  1852.  He  continued  in 
practice  there  until  the  Spring  of  1876, 
when  he  started  West,  spent  three 
months  on  the  prairies  of  Kansas,  Ne- 
braska, etc. ;  located  in  this  place  Nov. 
7,  same  year,  where  he  now  has  an  ex- 
tensive practice,  and  enjoys  the  confi- 
dence of  both  the  general  public  and 
the  medical  fraternity.  They  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Universalist  Church. 

Derr  John,  renter  ;  Sec.  5  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Dodds  E.  E.  far. ;  Sec.  21,  P.  0.  Greeley. 

DODDS  NATHAN  H.  Farmer  and 
House  Painter ;  Sec.  21 ;  P.  0.  Greeley  ; 
born  in  Livingston  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  2, 
1830 ;  was  married  July  8,  1849,  to 
Amanda  M.  White ;  she  was  born  in 
Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.,  April  12, 1831  ;  they 
came  to  this  county  in  1852  ;  owns  100 
acres  of  land  ;  have  ten  children — 
Mary  J.,  Elizabeth  A.,  Elbert  E., 
Eva  L.,  Delia  M.,  Emma  W.,  Abbey, 
Nannie  M.,  William  N.  and  Frankie  C. 
Sarah  W.  died  March  22,  1864.,  Mr. 
D.  enlisted  Aug.  15,  1862,  in  Co.  F, 
Iowa  Infantry ;  served  seven  months, 
was  then  discharged  for  disability  ;  are 
members  of  the  United  Brethren 
Church. 

Drybread  G.  W.  dry  goods,  groceries,  etc.. 
P.  0.  Greeley. 

Drybread  H.  dry  goods,  etc.  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Drybread  H.  C.  stock  dealer ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 


DRYBREAD  JOHN  S.  Parmer; 
Sec.  21 ;  P.  0.  Greeley;  born  in  Butler 
Co.,  0.,  Feb.  12,  1823  ;  moved  to  Ber- 
rien Co.,  Mich.,  in  1837;  was  married 
there  Dec.  7,  1844,  to  Mary  J.  Wilson. 
She  was  born  in  Preble  Co.,  0.,  May 

24,  1828  ;  came  to  this  county  in  1853. 
Owns  360  acres  of  land  ;  have  two  chil- 
dren living — Henry,  born  May  2,  1857, 
and  John,  April  29,  1868.  Lost  four 
— Alice,  aged  6  years ;  Florence,  15 
months  ;  George,  2  years,  and  Harrison, 
4  years.  Mr.  D.  has  served  ^ix  years  as 
Township  Trustee,  and  five  as  School 
Director ;  is  a  member  of  Tadmore 
Lodge,  No.  225,  A.,  P.  &  A.  M. ; 
belong  to  the  Universalist  Church. 

Ellis  Thomas,  wagon  mkr. ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

ElililS  WM.  B.  Parmer;  Sec.  30; 
P.  0.  Greeley ;  born  in  New  York  in 
1827  ;  came  with  his  parents  to  Penn-  , 
gylvania  in  1832,  and  to  this  county  in 
1853;  entered  160  acres  of  land;  went 
back  to  York  State,  and,  in  1856, 
returned  and  took  up  his  residence  here. 
Owns  280  acres  of  land.  In  1857,  he 
was  married  to  Cordelia  Walton.  She 
was  born  in  Ohio  in  1839 ;  died  Aug. 
15,  1865  ;  was  the  mother  of  four  chil- 
dren— Isabel,  Cora,  Mary  and  Rosetta 
J.  He  was  married  again  to  Mrs. 
Julia  Evans  (maiden  name  Charles) ; 
born  in  Indiana  in  1840 ;  had  five 
children — Miranda,  Peter,  Eemington 
and  Emma  are  living;  jerusha  died 
Sept.  4,  1868.     Mrs.  Ellis  died  July 

25,  1876. 

Engel  Chris,  merchant ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 
Evens  T.  A.  harness  mkr. ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

FARWELL  R.  E.  well  driller;  P.  0. 
Greeley. 

Passelman  J.  Jr  Assessor ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

FITZPATRICK  JAMES, 
Parmer  ;  Sec.  28  ;  P.  O.  Greeley  ;  born 
in  Ireland,  Jan.  6,  1830;  emigrated  to 
this  country  in  1848,  by  sail  vessel  to 
New  York,  then  by  rail  and  stage  to 
Pittsburgh ;  from  there  to  Galena,  111., 
via  steamboat,  thence  to  this  place  in 
wagon,  drawn  by  yoke  of  oxen ;  com- 
menced here  in  the  wild  prairie ;  owns 
240  acres  of  land  ;  was  married  in  1861 
to  Huldah  Foley ;  she  was  born  in  Can- 
ada May  14,  1845.  They  have  nine 
children  living — James,  Michael,  Julia, 
Alice,   Ellen,   Thomas,   Dennis,   Mary, 


ELK  TOWNSHIP. 


629 


and  infant   not  named.     Lost  three 

Edward,  Catherine  and  one  infant ;  be- 
long to  the  Catholic  Church. 

Francis  David,  laborer,  Greeley. 

■Freeman  E.  J.  far.  ;  S.  19 ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Ferguson  D.  blacksmith,  Greeley. 

Ferguson  W.  R.  far  ;  S.  20  ;  P.  0.  Greely 

r^    ILMORE  A.  B.  merchant,  Greeley. 

«IIiMORE  SILAS,  Retired  Mer- 
chant ;  P.  O.  Greeley ;  born  in  Wash- 
ington Co.,  N.  Y.,  Deo.  28,  1814  ;  emi- 
grated to  Iowa  in  1838 ;  settled  in 
Clayton  Co.,  within  ten  miles  of  this 
place ;  the  country  was  at  that  time 
overrun  by  Indians  of  different  tribes ; 
only  about  ten  or  twelve  white  men  in 
the  county ;  he  was  married  April  4, 
1844,  to  Maria  Phillips ;  she  was  born 
in  Chautauqua  Co.,  N.Y.,  in  1822  ;  have 
ten  children — Edwin,  Esther,  Simeon 
B.,  Ellen,  Jesse,  Henry,  Silas,  Mary, 
Sophia  and  Ernest.  Mrs.  G.  died  Feb. 
20,  1872.  Mr.  G.  was  Supervisor  two 
years,  Assessor  two  years,  and  Town 
Clerk  fourteen  years  ;  is  connected  with 
the  firm  of  Harvey  L.  Hopkins  &  Co., 
manufacturers  of  mowers,  Chicago,  111. 
Mrs.  G.  taught  the  first  school  ever  or- 
ganized in  this  county,  in  1841  ;  are 
members  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 

Gilmore  Silas  A.  Jr.  merchant,  Greeley. 

Glasscock  N.  B.  farmer  ;  Sec.  20  ;  P.  0. 
Greeley. 

Goldsworthy  Wm.  J.  blacksmith,  Greeley. 

Grant  John,  P.  0.  Greeley.  ' 

Griffith  Geo.  far.;  Sec.  29 ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Griffith  J.  W.far.;  Sec.  29  ;  P.O.  Greeley. 

HALL  G.  W.  farmer;  Sec.  2;  P  0. 
Greeley. 

Haney  H.  F.  laborer ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

HARRIS  JOHW,  Farmer;  Sec.  19; 
P.  0.  Greeley;  born  on  the  Island  of 
Cape  Breton  June  28,  1819 ;  was 
reared  on  Prince  Edward's  Island ;  came 
to  this  county  in  1854.  Married  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  Penny  (maiden  name,  Le 
Lacheur)  Dec.  20, 1864  ;  she  was  born 
on  Prince  Edward's  Island  April  27, 
1825  ;  was  married  to  Samuel  Penny  in 
•  1846  ;  he  died  Oct.  1,  1860.  She  had 
seven  children  by  first  marriage — Ann 
M.,  now  Mrs.  Delong;  Margaret  E.,  now 
Mrs.  Canine  ;  Elizabeth,  now  Mrs.Corell ; 
Emma  and  Samuel  James ;  by  second 
marriage,  one  son,  William  P.,  born  Oct. 


25,  1866  ;  lost  two  sons,  John  died  Jan 
15, 1848,  on  Prince  Edward's  Island,  and 
Samuel  died  Dec.  20,  1850,  in  this 
county,  aged  respectively  2  years  and  9 
months,  and  9  months.  Mr.  H.  served 
as  School  Director  three  years  ;  is  now 
Secretary  of  the  Board.  Attend  the 
Christian  Church. 

Hart  Peter,  laborer ;  Sec.  8  ;  P.O.  Greeley 

Hatfield  T.  laborer  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Hennessy  J.  renter;  See.  27 ;  P.O.  Greeley. 

Henry  P.  laborer ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Hess  D.  farmer;  See.  15;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Hess  Isaac,  far.;  Sec.  15  ;     P.  0.  Greeley. 

Hess  William  M.  farmer;  Sec.  15  ;  P.  0. 
Greeley. 

Hill  Edward,  far.;  Sec.  6  ;    P.  0.  Greeley. 

HINDAIi  GEORGE  W.  Farmer; 
Sec.  17  ;  P.  0.  Greeley ;  born  in  Rook 
Co.,  Wis.,  Jan.  9,  1852;  came  to  this 
county  with  his  parents  in  1865.  His 
father  emigrated  to  Pennsylvania  from 
Germany  in  1838,  from  there  to  Wis- 
consin in  1847  ;  was  among  the  early 
settlers  there ;  has  carted  grain  from 
Janesville  to  Milwaukee,  in  wagons ; 
sold  wheat  at  30c.  per  bushel ;  now  lives 
in  Wright  Co.,  Iowa.  His  mother, 
whose  maiden  name  was  Crall,  was  born 
near  Mansfield.  Ohio,  March  10,  1833. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  farming 
with  J.  D.  Chase.     Is  unmarried. 

Hoag  Wm.  farmer ;  Sec.  22 ;  P.O.  Greeley. 

HoUenbeck  Ashley,  farmer  ;  Sec.  18;  P. 
0.  Greeley. 

Hunter  R.  farmer ;  Sec.  25 ;  P.O.  Greeley. 

Hyer  Geo.  saloon  keeper ;  Greeley. 

IRMSCHER  AUGUST,  farmer  ;   Sec. 
1  ;  P.  0.  Colesburg- 
Irmscher  David,  farmer ;    Sec.   1 ;    P.  0. 

Colesburg. 
Irmscher  George^  farmer ;  Sec.  1 ;   P.  0. 

Colesburg. 
TAMES  J.  P.  hardware  ;  Greeley. 

JEWKINS  JAMES  M.  Firm  of 
Jenkins  &  Burbridge,  Dealers  in  Hard- 
ware, Boots  and  Shoes ;  Greeley  ;  born 
in  Franklin  Co.,  Ind.,  Nov.  20,  1830. 
Was  married  Jan.  7,  1856,  to  Mary  M. 
Wykoff;  she  was  born  in  Licking  Co., 
Ohio,  May  23,  1833.  They  came  to 
this  county  in  1856,  followed  farming 
the  first  ten  years  ;  sold  out  and  engaged 
in  mercantile  pursuits  ;  owns  half-  in- 
terest in   store   and   real  estate  worth 


630 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


$2,000  ;  have  one  child  living,  Mabel, 
born  May  22, 1865  ;  two  deceased,  Flora, 
aged  2,  and  Nura,  3  years.  Mr.  J.  was 
Assessor  five  years ;  is  a  member  of  Tad- 
more  Lodge,  No.  225,  A.,  F.  &  A.  M. ; 
Republican ;  attend  the  Universalist 
Church. 

JENKIWS  WIIiLIAM  D.  Farm 
er;  Sec.  19;  P.  0.  Greeley;  born  in 
Butler  Co.,  0.,  Dec.  6,  1822  ;  accom- 
panied his  mother  to  Michigan  in  1837  ; 
where  he  remained  till  1856,  when  he 
came  to  this  county.  Owns  131  acres 
of  land.  Was  married  Feb.  21,  1866, 
to  Martha  Freeman  ;  she  was  born  in 
Washiogton  Couniy,  N.  Y.,  March  22, 
1839  ;  they  have  three  children — Ben- 
jamin D.,  Jessie  Maud  and  Ruth  H. 
Mr.  J.  was  Township  Trustee  and  School 
Director  two  years ;  is  a  member  of 
Tadmore  Lodge,  No.  225,  A.,  F.  &  A. 
M. ;  family  belong  to  the  Universalist 
Church. 

Jones  J.  L.  farmer ;  Sec.  23  ;  P.O.  Greeley. 

Jones  R.  J.  farmer ;  S.  32 ;  P,  0.  Greeley. 

KAHLSDORF  WM.  laborer;  P.  0. 
Greeley. 

KEXXEDY  CORNELIUS,  Far. 
and  Marble  Cutter ;  S.  2 ;  P.  0.  Coles- 
burg  ;  born  in  Kings  Co.,  Ireland, 
April  2,  1811.  While  young  he  went 
to  Liverpool,  Eng.,  where  he  learned 
his  trade,  followed  it  till  1851,  generally 
contraciing;  was  married  in  1839  to 
Mary  A.  Lindsay.  She  was  born  in 
Ireland  Dec.  1,  1824;  went  with  her 
parents  to  England  when  an  infant. 
They  emiarated  to  the  United  States  in 
185t,  and  to. this  county  in  1853,  and 
settled  where  he  now  resides.  Owns 
160  acres  of  land  here  and  property  in 
Delaware  Center.  Have  ten  children 
living — James,  John,  Cornelius,  Benja- 
min, Mary  J.,  Elizabeth,  William,  Anna 
M.,  Sarah  E.  and  Eveleen.  Patrick, 
the  eldest  son,  was  a  member  of  Co.  G, 
12th  111.  Inf  ;  was  wounded  at  the  bat- 
tle of  Shiloh;  died  at  Keokuk  April 
26,  1862.  John  is  principal  agent  of 
the  educational  department  of  Harper 
Bros.'  publishing  house,  New  York. 
Cornelius  and  Benjamin  are  in  the  law 
school,  Iowa  City. 

Krumpel  J.  far. ;  S.  1  ;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

LE  LACHEUR  JAMES,  farmer;  S. 
16;  P.O.Greeley. 


L.e  liACHEUR  ELrlSHA,  Farm 
er ;  S.  8 ;  P.  0.  Greeley ;  born  on 
Prince  Edward's  Island  July  8,  1840  ; 
came  with  his  parents  to  this  county  in 
1851 ;  was  married  Nov.  14,  1863,  to 
Mary  J.  Bliss.  She  was  born  in  Wm- 
nebago  Co.,  111.,  April  15,  1847  ;  came 
with  her  parents  to  this  county  in  1850  ; 
have  three  children — Lizzie  P.,  born 
Dec.  13,  1864;  Frank  W.,  May  6, 
1873;  and  John,  Feb.  14,  1876.  Mr. 
L.'s  father,  John'  W.  Le  Lacheur, 
served  twenty-six  years  in  the  House  of 
Commons,  Prince  Edward's  Island,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Iowa  State  Legis- 
lature in  1860  and  '61  ;  was  born  on 
the  Island  of  Gurnsey  Jan.  26,  1793 ; 
died  July  3,  1875. 

LIJLIilBRIDGE  ALAXSON, 
Farmer;  S.  28;  P.  O.  Greeley;  born 
in  Chenango  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  2,  1822  ; 
moved  to  Michigan  in  1 844 ;  was  mar- 
ried there  April  23,  1845,  to  Mary 
Nelson.  She  was  born  in  Livingston 
Co.,  N.  Y.  They  came  to  this  county 
in  1852  ;  own  220  acres  of  land  ;  have 
six  children  living — Lorette,  John  M., 
Frank  M.,  Henry  W.,  Robert  and  Mary 
K.  Lost  three — William,  Byron  and 
Abram.  Mr.  L.  was  School  Director 
one  and  Road  Supervisor  five  years. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Nelson,  parents  of  Mr. 
L.,  reside  with  them,  aged,  respectively, 
82  and  74.  Mrs.  L.  belongs  to  the  Chris- 
tian Church.      Family  attend  the  same. 

Lillibridge  Frank  M.  farmer;  S.  28;  P. 
0.  Greeley. 

Lillibridge  Hosea,  carpenter,  Greeley. 

lilLIilBRIDOE  JOHIV  M.  Far.; 
Sec.  33  ;  P.  0.  Greeley  ;  born  in  Branch 
Co.,  Mich.,  April  11, 1849  ;  came  to  this 
county  in  1852  with  his  parents,- who 
settled  in  Coffin's  Grove ;  was  married 
Sept.  1, 1875,  to  Mary  C.  Ross  ;  she  was 
born  in  York  State  Dec.  28, 1854;  have 
one  child— Oren  S.,born  Nov.  1,  1876. 
Mr.  L.  was  this  Spring  elected  School 
Director  ;  owns  9  acres  of  land. 

Lindsay  Benj.  farmer,  Sec.  12;  P.  0. 
Colesburg. 

Lindsay  Thos.  farmer.  Sec.  12;  P.  0. 
Colesburg. 

Longford  Thomas,  Sec.  boss,  Greeley. 

Luenze  A.ugu8t,  farmer,  Sec.  12  ;  P.  0. 
Colesburg. 

Lull  A.  retired  farmer,  Greeley. 


ELK  TOWNSHIP. 


-ji/T'CANNON  W.  C.  phys.,  Greeley. 

McKenny  P.  D.  laborer,  Sec.  18;  P.  0. 
Greeley. 

MoKray  W.  H.  far.,  Sec.  18  ;  P.O.  Greeley. 

MAIiVEN  CHARI^ES,  Farmer, 
Sec.  29;  P.  0.  Greeley;  born  near 
'  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  Feb.  28,  1813; 
came  to  the  United  States  with  his 
parents  in  1828  ;  settled  in  Sussex  Co., 
N.  J.,  where  he  was  married  Jan.  23, 
1834,  to  Ann  Michael,  born  in  Monroe 
Co.,  Pa.,  Dec.  2,  1816 ;  they  came  to 
this  county  in  1850;  settled  in  Colony 
Tp.  when  all  was  wild  prairie  and  timber 
lands,  except  in  the  immediate  vicinity 
of  Colesburg  ;  came  here  in  1865  ;  owns 
120  acres  of  land  ;  have  nine  children — 
John,  Nicholas,  Daniel  S.,  Mary  F., 
Wm.  B.,  Frank  H.,  Emma  E.,  Alice  J. 
and  James  R.  L.  Mr.  M.  was  Town- 
ship Trustee  four  and  Supervisor  two 
years. 

Malven  F.  H.  Sec.  29;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Malven  John,  laborer,  Greeley. 

Marchum  A.  laborer,  Greeley. 

Marchum  Harry,  laborer,  Greeley. 

Marchum  T.  lab.,  Sec.  19 ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Marchum  Wm.  laborer,  Greeley. 

Martindale  Elijah,  music  teacher,  Greeley. 

MARTINDAIiE  DAVID,  Far., 
See.  20  ;  P.  O.  Greeley  ;  born  in  Wayne 
Co.,  Ind.,  June  1,  1830  ;  came  to  this 
county  in  1851 ;  among  the  first  settlers 
of  this  township  ;  owns  275  acres  here 
and  30  in  Clayton  Co. ;  was  married 
March  10,  1853,  to  Elizabeth  C.  Jones ; 
she  was  born  in  Butler  Co.,  0.,  Feb.  5, 
1830  ;  have  two  children  living — Joseph 
P.,  born  Feb.  26,  1854,  and  Charles  W., 
Nov.  15,  1869  ;  lost  one — John  J.,  born 
Feb.  18,  1856,  died  Sept.  4, 1868,  aged 
12  years  and  6  months ;  family  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Christian  Church. 

MABTISTDAIiE  JOHBT,  Pastor 
of  Christian  Church,  Greeley ;  born  in 
Warren  Co.,  0.,  April  10,  1805;  ac- 
companied his  father  to  Wayne  Co., 
Ind.,  in  1812;  was  married  to  Mary 
Watson  Nov.  30,  1826  ;  she  was  born  in 
Kentucky ;  was  the  mother  of  twelve 
children,  seven  of  whom  are  living  ;  she 
died  March  14,  1851 ;  is  buried  in  Ber- 
rien Co.,  Mich.  The  family  moved  to 
this  county  in  May  of  the  same  year  ; 
Mr.  M.  bought  320  acres  of  land,  which 


631 


he  has  since  divided  among  his  children  • 
was  married  again  in  January,  1852,  to 
Mrs  Eliza  A.  Strong,  of  Berrien  Co., 
Mich. ;  she  was  the  mother  of  five  chil- 
dren by  former  marriage.  Mr.  M.  has 
been  preaching  the  Gospel  for  about  50 
yea,rs;  organized  the  church,  and  was 
mainly  instrumental  in  erecting  the 
building  here;  family  are  all  membere. 

Mason  R.  H.  far. ;  Sec.  35  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Mason  T.  R.  painter;  Greeley. 

MATTHEWS  LAFAYETTE, 
Farmer ;  Sec.  34  ;  P.  0.  Greeley ;  born 
in  Boone  Co.,  HI.,  Jan.  13,  1851  ;  came 
to  this  county  with  his  parents  in  lo64; 
was  married  Dec.  1,  1874,  to  Orsavella 
Holbert ;  she  was  born  in  this  county 
Sept.  25,  1855  ;  have  three  children — 
Frank,  horn  Sept.  12,  1875  ;  Wm.  W., 
Jan.  4,  1877,  and  infant,  born  Feb.  2, 
1878  ;  owns  120  acres  of  land  ;  is  Secre- 
tary of  School  Board. 

Millard  A.  farmer  ;  S.  18  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

MIIiliEK  ElilSHA,  Parmer;  Sec. 

.  30 ;  P.  O.  Greeley ;  born  in  Albany 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  April  12,.  1834;  came  to 
this  county  in  1855  ;  ©wns  174  acres  of 
land;  was  married  April  12,  1857,  to 
Jane  H.  Clugston ;  she  was  born  in 
Berrien  Co.,  Mich.,  June  1, 1838  ;  they 
have  five  children  living — Martha  J., 
Harriet  I.,  Charlie  E.,  Willis  G.  and 
Eddie  M.;  lost  one — William,  died  June 
9,  1859.  Mr.  M.  is  a  member  of  Tad- 
more  Lodge,  No.  -'25,  A.,  F.  and  A.  M.; 
Republican;  belongs  to  the  Christian 
Church. 

Miller  Geo.  far. ;  S.  36  ;  P.  O.  Earlville. 

Miller  H.  farmer;  S.  29;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Miller  H.  G.  teacher;  Greeley. 

MILLER  WILLIAM,  Farmer ;  S. 
25  ;  P.  0.  Eariville ;  born  in  Hanover, 
Germany,  June  21, 1829  ;  emigrated  to 
the  United  States  in  1844 ;  came  in  a 
sail  vessel  to  New  Orleans,  La.,  being 
ten  weeks  on  the  voyage ;  spent  three 
years  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio;  moved  to 
Clayton  Co.,  Iowa,  in  1848,  where  he 
was,  in  1851,  married  to  Mary  Samp- 
son ;  she  was  born  in  Germany,  in  1834, 
and  came  to  this  county  in  1865  ;  owns 
250  acres  of  land ;  have  five  children- 
William  H.,  Anna  M.,  George,  Matilda 
and  an  infant.  When  Mr.  M.  came  to 
Clayton  County,  it  was  mostly  unim- 
proved land,  abounding  with  all  kinds 


632 


DIRECTOKY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY  : 


of  game ;  there  were  only  three  houses 
on  the  road  from  Millville  to  Garna 
Villa. 

Millis  W.  J.  carpenter ;  Greeley. 

Mimch  Adam,  far.;  S.  17  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Mimch  J.  farmer  ;    S.  17  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Morgan  Ira,  farmer;  S.  2J  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

"XTELSON  E.  N.;  Sec.  28;  P.  0. 
1  \l       Greeley. 

Newton  Frederic  E.  farmer;  S.  16  ;  P.  0. 
Greeley. 

Niederfranke  C.  H.  farmer ;  S.  36  ;  P.  0. 
Earlville. 

WIEMAW  HEJVRY,  Farmer;  Sec. 
24 ;  P.  0.  Earlville  ;  born  in  Germany, 
March  18,  1833;  emigrated  to  the 
United  States  in  1845,  and  to  Clayton 
County,  this  State,  in  1846  ;  was  mar- 
ried there,  in  1862,  to  Louisa  Nieder- 
franke ;  she  was  born  in  Germany,  in 
1842 ;  they  came  to  this  county  in 
1867  ;  owns  220  acres  of  land  ;  have  six 
children  living — Amanda,  Mary,  Will- 
iam, Lydia,  Charles  and  Caroline  ;  lost 
one— John  H.,  died  in  1874.  Mr. 
N.  was  School  Director  twe  years,  and 
Road  Supervisor  three  years  ;  they  are 
members  of  the  Lutheran  Church. 

NIEMAN  WIIililAM  C.  Farmer; 
Sec.  24 ;  P.  0.  Earlville ;  born  in  Ger- 
many, June  27, 1837  ;  emigrated  to  the 
United  States  in  1845,  and  to  Clayton 
Co.,  Iowa,  in  1847  ;  was  married  Nov. 
19,  1863,  to  Mary  A.  Brandhorst;  she 
was  born  in  Germany,  March  14,  1846, 
and  came  to  this  county  in  1874  ;  owns 
250  acres  of  land  ;  have  six  children — 
Amelia  ^L.  L.,  Joseph  C.  H.,  George 
P.  W.,  August  C.  G.,  Ida  L.  W.  and 
John  B.  Has  been  School  Director  onj 
year,  and  Road  Supervisor  four  years ; 
they  are  members  of  the  Lutheran 
Church. 

Noble  E.  farmer ;  S.  18;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

ODELL  C.  M.  farmer  ;  Sec.  16  ;  P.  0. 
Greeley. 

Odell  Isaac  C.  far. ;  S.  16;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

ODEIiL  JOB,  Farmer;  Sec.  16;  P. 
0.  Greeley ;  born  in  Tennessee  Dec. 
16,  1811;  his  parents  moved  to  Ran- 
dolph Co.,  Ind.,  in  1816,  and  remained 
there  until  1830,  then  moved  to  Elk- 
hart County ;  here  he  was  married  to 
Mary  Jones,  March  31,  1831  ;  she  was 
born  in  Canada;  moved  same  year  to 
Cass  Co.,   Mich.      Mrs.   0.   died  Jan, 


.29,  1841 ;  was  the  mother  of  six  chil- 
dren— Benj.  F.  and  Cyrus  M.  are  liv- 
ing, three  died  in  infancy,  and  John  S. 
died  D.  c.  24,  1845.  Mr.  0.  was  again 
married  Aug.  13,  1846,  to  Mary  Nicol; 
she  was  born  in  Butler  Co.,  Ohio,  Oct. 
22,  1819;  has  seven  children — Gabriel 
H.,  Abbie,  William  N.,  Nannie  E., 
Corbley  M.,  Isaac  C.  and  John  B.  Mr. 
0.  was  Assessor  and  School  Director 
five  years  each,  and  Townsbip  Trustee 
one  year ;  came  to  this  county  in  1851 ; 
early  settler ;  was  only  one  house  be- 
tween here  and  Delhi,  on  the  main  road; 
plenty  of  game,  and  Indians  occasion- 
ally. 

ODELrL  WM.  Farmer ;  S.  15;-  P.  0. 
Greeley ;  born  in  Buchanan,  Mich., 
Sept.  24,  1851.  His  parents  moved  to 
this  county  in  the  same  year.  He  was 
married  Feb.  22,  1874,  to  Sarah  J. 
Webster.  She  was  born  in  Ashland 
Co.,  0.,  Feb.  22, 1854.  Owns  80  acres 
of  land.  Mrs.  Odell  came  to  this 
county  with  her  parents  in  1867.  They 
attend  the  United  Brethren  Church. 

Old  wary  C.  F.  agent ;  residence  Greeley. 

PIERCE  IRA  M.  farmer;  S.  8;  P. 
0.  Greeley. 

PARIilMAN  ABRAM,  Farmer- 
S.  29;  P.  0.  Greeley;  born  in  Ulster 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  26,  1824.  While  he 
was  quite  young  the  family  moved  to 
Cortland  Co. ;  from  there  to  Ohio ; 
thence  to  Jackson  Co.,  Mich.,  where 
they  remained  until  1851,  when  they 
came  to  this  county,  being  among  the 
first  settlers ;  bought  a  farm  in  Coffin's 
Grove.  Mr.  P.  was  married  Oct.  1, 
1854,  to  Nancy  Nelson.  She  was  born 
in  New  York  Oct.  27,  1825.  They 
came  to  this  town  in  1865 ;  own  140 
acres  of  land ;  have  two  children  living 
— Charles  Homer  and  Emma  Florence. 
Lost  one — Arthur  0.,  died  in  1868, 
aged  13.  Mr.  P.  was  clerk  of  Coffin's 
Grove  five  years,  and  Supervisor  four 
years.  Attend  the  Christian  Church,  of 
which  Mrs.  P.  and  the  children  are 
members. 

PIIiGRIM  HEWRY,  Farmer;  S. 
16;  P.  0.  Greeley;  born  in  England 
Sept.  21,  1831;  was  married  there  in 
1852  to  Elizabeth  Clifton.  She  was 
born  in  England  May  4,  1826.  They 
emigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1853 ; 


ELK  TOWNSHIP. 


633 


stopped  in  Cleveland,  0.,  until  1856, 
when  he  moved  to  this  county ;  owns 
144  acres  of  land.  Mrs.  P.  died  March 
19,  - 1860 ;  was  the  mother  of  four 
children — AdaL.,  Alma  A.,  and  Emily 
J.  are  living.  Perdita  died  in  1862. 
Mr.  P.  was  married  again  Sept.  25, 
1860,  to  Mrs.  Sarah  Pierce  (maiden 
name  Gibbs).  She  was  born  in  England 
in  1841 ;  had  seven  children — Dora  C. 
by  first  marriage,  and  Edward  H.,  John 
M.,  George  G.,  Sarah  E.,  AlbertW.,  and 
Roseatta  by  second  marriage.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  P.  are  members  of  the  United 
Brethren  Church. 

Pinkiey  B.  carpenter ;  Greeley. 

Potts  J.  M.  traveling  agent ;  Greeley. 

RIDDEN   W.   miller;  8.  16;    P.    0. 
Greeley.  _ 

Ridenour  A.  farmer  ;  S.  32  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Bidenour  M.far.;  S.  32;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Bobison  J.  B.  drugpst ;  Greeley. 

BOBISOX  JUIilA,  Widow  (mai- 
den name  Wood)  ;  Greeley ;  born  in 
Brie  Co.,  N.  Y.,  July  17,  1827;  ac- 
companied her  father,  Amos  Wood,  to 
this  county  in  1845;  among  the  first 
settlers  in  this  county.  She  was  mar- 
ried Dec.  16,  1847,  to  James  H.  Bobi- 
son. He  was  born  in  Preble  Co.,  0., 
July  9,  1820 ;  came  to  this  county  in 
1845,  where  he  resided  till  July  4, 
1874,  when  he  was  gored  to  death  by 
an  infuriated  bull.  Mrs.  B.  is  the 
.  mother  of  six  children — Joseph  Burt, 
Emma  (Mrs.  Millen),  and  Nettie  are 
living;  Frank  died  Jan.  3,  1849; 
Emor,  Feb.  6,  1854 ;  and  Alice,  Feb. 
8,  1867.  Burt  has  been  in  the  drug 
business  here  since  1875. 

Bulen  J.  farmer;  S.  22 ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Rulen  K.  laborer  ;  S.  2  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Bulen  Perry,  farmer ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

SABGENT  N.  R.  farmer ;  S.  29  ;  P. 
0.  Greeley. 
SARGEJTT  JOSIAH B.  Farmer; 
S.  29  ;  P.  0.  Greeley;  born  m  Meigs 
Co.,  0.,  Aug.  31, 1817  ;  followed  farm- 
ing in  that  State  twenty-five  years ;  was 
married  March  8,  1842,  to  Mary  Ann 
Smith.  She  was  born  in  Fayette  Co., 
Pa.,  May  27,  1821  ,  have  five  children 
— Lucretia,  born  Jan.  25,  1843 ;  Mar- 
cellus,  Jan.  20,  1846;  John  B.  and 
Serene  B.  (Mrs.  Vaugh— twins),  Sept. 
19,    1849,   and   Newton   R.  Feb.    17, 


1853  ;  settled  in  this  county  in  1854  on 
the  farm  now  occupied  by  George  Grif- 
fith, Esq.     Owns  53  acres  here,  160  in 
Hiimboldt,   and    160   in  Fayette  Co.; 
served  several  years  as  School  Director, 
and   two    terms   as   Township  Trustee. 
.Are    all    members    of    the    Christian 
Church. 
Sawyer  W.  M.far.;  S.  25;  P.  0.  Earlville. 
Schuldt  John,  far. ;  8.  1 ;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 
Schneider  Geo.  far. ;  8.  9 ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 
Schneider  J.  farmer ;  S.  9  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 
Schneider  John,  far. ;  8.  30 ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 
Schneider  L.  A.  farmer ;  S.  9  ;  P.  0.  Gree- 
ley. 
Seeley  J.  L.  carpenter  ;  Greeley. 
Seeley  8.  H.  shoemaker  ;  Greeley. 
Seeley  S.  L.  farmer ;  Sec.  8 ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 
Shade  Wm.  Sec.  33;  P.  0.  Greeley. 
SHEBMAX    BENJAMIN   A. 
Livery,  Feed  and   Sale   Stable ;   P.  0. 
Greeley;  born  in  York  State,  Oct.  12, 
1849;  accompanied  his  father  to  Win- 
nebago   Co.,   111.,  in  1853 ;    moved    to 
Volga  City  in  1855  ;  came  to  this  place 
in   1875,  where  he  has  followed  same 
business  ever  since ;  was   married  Dec. 
6,   1877  to  Sadie  Cooper.      bhe   was 
born  near  Volga  City,  Deo.  14,  1805  ; 
went  to    Calhoun   Co.,  when   10  years 
old  ;  came  to  this  town  in  October,  1877. 
Sloan  S.  B.  renter;  Sec.  26 ;  P.  0.  Gree- 
ley. 
jSNOW  ZEBINA,  Farmer ;  Sec.  21  ; 
P.  0.  Greeley  ;   born  in  Windham  Co., 
Vt.,  Nov.  14,  1811 ;   accompanied  his 
father  to  Massachusetts  in  1827 ;  was 
married  there  Nov.  28,  1838,  to  Louisa 
M.  White.     She  was  born  in  Manlius, 
N.  Y.,  Aug.  3,  1819  ;   they   emigrated 
to  this  county  in  1853,  settled  here  in 
the  brush  where  he   has  since   opened 
his  farm,  consisting  of  164  acres  ;  they 
have    one    daughter,    Mrs.     Mary   L. 
Coolidge,  born  in  Dedham,  Mass  ,  Nov. 
27  1839.       Mr.   and   Mrs.   Snow   are 
members  of  the  Baptist  Church. 
SOUIiE   TUABY,  Widow,    (maiden 
name  Corell),.  Far.;  Sec.   21;    P.  0. 
Greeley  ;   born  in  Albany   Co.,  ^.  i., 
M^V    31.    1813;     married  to    Hiram 
Dodds,  Dec.  31, 1829  ;  he  was  born  in 
Delaware  ;   had  two  chddren-Nathan 
H.  and  Mary  J. ;    he  died  m   18^5  i 
she  came  to  this   county  m  1853  was 
married  again  in  1858  to  Lemuel    C. 


634 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY : 


Soule ;  he  was  born  in  Massachusetts, 
March  28,  1812  ;  have  two  children — 
Carrie  and  Frank.  Mr.  Soule  died  Jan. 
8,  1878.  She  owns  80  acres  of  land  ; 
family  belong  to  the  United  Brethren 
Church.  The  mother  of  Mr.  Soule  is  still 
living  at  Dedham,  Mass.,  in  her  91st 
year. 

STEEIiE  HEMAIV  E.  Farmer; 
Sec.  6 ;  P.  0.  Edgewood ;  born  in 
Genesee  Co.,  N.  Y.,  May  15,  1838; 
accompanied  his  father  to  this  county  in 
1845  ;  at  that  time  there  were  very  few 
white  men  here,  but  plenty  of  Indians, 
as  well  as  an  abundance  of  game  and 
and  wild  animals  of  all  kinds.  Mr. 
Steele,  Sr.,  is  still  living  and  resides  in 
Clayton  Co.  Mr.  Steele,  Jr.,  was  mar- 
ried April  3,  1859,  to  Jennette  Seward. 
She  was  born  in  Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y., 
May  1,  1839  ;  they  have  five  children 
living — Minnie,  Amos  R.,  Edwin  B., 
Lottie  L.  and  Guy ;  lost  one  daughter 
— -Linnie  L.,died  Sept.  19,  1873;  owns 
87  acres  of  land  ;  attend  the  Congre- 
gational Church,  of  which  Mrs.  S.  is  a 
member. 

Steele  M.  J.  far.;  Sec.  6  ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 

STOIVER  WIIiHAM  A.  Farmer, 
Sec.  27 ;  P.  0.  Greeley ;  born  in  Ohio 
Aug.  25,  1832 ;  accompanied  his  par- 
ents to  La  Porte,  Ind.,  in  1837,  thence 
to  Valparaiso,  where  they  remained 
until  1853,  when  they  came  to  this 
county ;  lie  was  married  Nov.  7,  1857, 
to  Melissa  L.  Parker  ;  she  was  born  in 
Genesee  (now  Winnebago)  Co.,  N.  Y., 
Nov.  4,  1834 ;  have  an  adopted  son — 
John  W.  Brown,  born  June  7,  1856 ; 
Mr.  Stoner's  father  and  mother  now 
reside  in  North  Fork  Tp.,  aged  respec- 
tively 67  and  69  ;  the  parents  of  Mrs. 
S.  were  early  settlers  in  North  Fork  ; 
father  died  in  1859  ;  mother  resides  in 
Buchanan  Co.,  aged  71 ;  Mr.  Stoner 
owns  172  acres  of  land. 

Sweet  E.  T.  meat  market ;  Greeley. 

npAYLOR  C.  S.  carpenter;  Greeley. 

Taylor  F.  renter;  Sec.  16  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 
Taylor  John,  carpenter  ;  Greeley. 
Temple  0.  P.  meat  market ;  Greeley. 
Tyrrell  John,  farmer ;  S.  5  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 
Thomas  David,  far.  ;  S.  16  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 
Timmons  T.  far. ;  S.  13;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 
Traverse  H.  stone  mason  ;   Greeley. 


Trobridge  P.  D.  far.;  S.  36  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 
Tuttle  J.  0.  farmer  ;  S  7  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 
Tyrrell  E.  J.  farmer  ;  S.  5  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 
"T7~AUGHN    F.  C.  hardware  ;  Greeley. 

Vaughn  Joe,  farmir ;  S.  32  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 
Voutalge  H.  renter  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 
XTTAITE  E.  G.  wagon  maker ;  Gree- 

Webster  D.  C.  far. ;  S.  15  ;  P.  O.  Greeley. 

WEBSTER  MABY  A.  Widow 
(maiden  name  Brandt),  Farmer;  Sec. 
14 ;  born  in  Cumberland  Co.,  Pa., 
April  24,  1832 ;  accompanied  her  par- 
ents to  Ashland,  Ohio,  in  1837 ;  was 
there,  Feb.  10,  1854,  married  to  Isaac 
N.  Webster ;  he  was  born  in  Wayne 
Co.,  Ohio,  Dec.  28,  1828,  died  Oct.  2, 
1876;  she  has  four  children  living — 
Sarah  J.  (now  Mrs.  Odell),  Dayton  C, 
John  A.  and  Effie  C;  lost  one — Ida 
May,  died  Oct.  15,  1870 ;  owns  260 
acres  of  land ;  Mrs.  W.  is  a  member  of 
the  United  Brethren  Church ;  Mr.  W. 
was  a  member  of  the  same. 

W^elch  M.  farmer ;  S.  35 ;  P.  0.  Gre6ley. 

Wells  L.  stone  mason  ;•  Greeley. 

Wessell  H.  farmer ;  S.  1 ;  P.  0.  Colesburg. 

White  H.  hotel  keeper  ;  Greeley. 

Willis  H.  G.  blacksmith  ;  Greeley. 

Wilson  H.  laborer  ;  Greeley. 

Wilson  James,  merchant ;  Greeley. 

Wilson  R.  B.  renter ;  S.  19  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Wiltze  J.  D.  farmer ;  S.  15  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Wiltze  N.  farmer ;  S.  22  ;  P.  0.  Greelev. 

Wiltze  N.  N.  renter ;  S.  22  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Wiltse  W.  J.  far. ;  Sec.  22,  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Wins;  George,  far. ;  Sec.  20,  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Winnard  Jas.  far. ;  Sec.  19  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

YOUNG  JOHN,  renter;  Sec.  29  ;  P. 
0.  Greeley. 

YOUWG  JOHIV,  Farmer;  Sec.  26; 
P.  0.  Greeley ;  born  in  County  Down, 
Ireland,  in  1830  ;  came  to  Summit  Co., 
Ohio,  in  1849 ;  was  married  there  Aug. 
2,  1855,  to  Jane  Carney;  she  was  born 
in  Donegal,  Ireland,  Oct.,  1834 ;  came 
to  Ohio  in  1846  ;  have  seven  children — 
Samuel  A.,  Alexaader,  Thomas,  Eliza 
J.,  Mary,  Charles  A.  and  John ;  came  to 
this  county  in  1860  ;  owns  138  acres  of 
land,  on  which  he  has  put  more  than 

.  $4,000  improvements  ;  has  been  School 
Director' one,  and  Road  Supervisor  two 
terms ;  family  belong  to  the  M.  E. 
Church. 


COLONY  TR 


(O'Z^^-t.-g^ 


ONEIDA  TOWNSHIP. 


637 


ONEIDA  TOWNSHIP. 


A    MES  N.  0.  hotel ;  Delaware. 

Ausmon  S.  farmer  ;  S.  8  ;  P.  0.  Delaware. 

Andrews  J.  B.  laborer;  P.  0.   Earlville. 

Arpatage  Henry,  far.;  S.  11;  P.  0.  Almoral. 

Austin  C.  M.  retired ;  P.  0.  Delaware. 

AUSTIN  C.S.  Livery  and  Parmer; 
P.  0.  Delaware ;  born  in  Franklin  Co., 
N.  Y.,  April  24,  1832;  he  moved 
with  his  parents  to  Indiana  in  1834; 
they  were  engaged  in  farming ;  settled 
in  this  county  and  township  June  17, 
1867.  He  was  married  July  29, 
1854  to  Miss  Belinda  Lewis' from  Pa.; 
they  have  had  three  children — William, 
born  Aue.  11,  1855  ;  Rosie,  Feb.  2, 
1858;  Fred.  H.,  Aug.  9,  1861.  Hehas 
169  acres  land  in  Sec.  6,  Delhi  Tp. 

BAILEY  S.  H.  carpenter ;  P.  0.  Earl- 
ville. 

BAIiDWIN  li.  P.  Parmer  ;  Sec.  8  ; 
P.  0.  Greeley;  born  in  Portage  Co., 
Ohio  in  1822.  He  removed  with  his 
mother  to  Winnebago  Co.,  111.  in  1845  ; 
came  to  Iowa  in  Fall  of  1846  ;  to  Eads' 
Grove  in  1847  ;  settled  in  this  township 
in  1865  ;  he  was  married  in  1850,  to 
Miss  Eliza  Hinkle  from  this  county; 
they  have  had  six  children — Jane,  born 
Feb.  3,  1851  ;  Sanford,  Feb.  8,  1853  ; 
John,  Nov.  23,  1855  ;  Etta,  Sept.  8, 
1859  ;  Willie,  Deo.  25,  1861  ;  Dora, 
Dec.  10,  1865;  Willie  died  April  3, 
1868  ;  Mr.  B.  held  the  office  of  Justice 
of  Peace  of  Honey  Creek  Tp.  three  years, 
and  Oneida  Tp.  six  years  ;  School  Direct 
or  twelve  years.  He  has  180  acres 
in  Delaware  Co.  and  160  acres  in  Lyon 
Tp.     Politics,  Rep. ;  religion,  Cong. 

Barker  Wm.  far.;  Sec.  30  ;  P.  0.  Delaware. 

Baskerville  John,  renter ;  Sec.  13  ;  P.  0. 
Earlville. 

Bateman  J.  W.  retired ;  P.  0.  Delaware. 

Beach  V.  G.  stone  mason  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

Becket  J.  W.  laborer  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

BEEBE  li.  E.  Farmer;  Sec.  33;  P. 
0.  Delaware ;  born  in  Madison  Co.,  xN. 
Y.,  June  22,  1823  ;  in  1850  he  engaged 
in  the  mercantile  bu-iness ;  moved  to  Oi 
City,  Penn.,  in  1861  ;  engaged  in  oil 
refinin";  moved  to  Iowa  in  1866  ;  on  his 
present  farm  in  1867;  was  married  m 


1849,  to  Miss  Caroline  S.  King,  Oneida 
Co.,  N.  Y. ;  he  has  held  office  of  Treas- 
urer one  year ;  he  held  the  office  of 
Treasurer  of  the  Delaware  Co.  Farmers' 
Mutual  Fire  Insurance  Company,  four 
years ;  he  has  480  acres  of  land  in  Del- 
aware Co. ;  he  has  two  farms  in  Buchan- 
an Co.,  one  in  Buena  Vista  Co. ;  in  all 
740  acres,  valued  at  $20,000.  He  es- 
tablished a  creamery  at  Delaware,  in 
1874;  he  will  furnish  the  milk  from  80 
cows,  the  coming  season,  from  his  own 
farm ;  he  also  established  a  creamery  at 
Independence  in  1877  ;  he  is  partner  in 
the  manufacturing  of  the  Hopkins' 
Choice  Mower,  at  Chicago,  established 
in  Oct.,  1877. 

Behrns  Fred,  renter;  Sec.  11  ;  P.  0.  Al- 
moral. 

Bell  William,  far. ;  Sec.  3;  P.  0.  Almoral. 

Bengeton  Peter,  farmer ;  Sec.  17;  P.  0. 
Delaware. 

Bigelow  A.  P.  laborer  ;  Sec.  16  ;  P.  O. 
Earlville. 

Bigelow  D.  T.  farmer ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

BIBDSAI.L  S.  B.  Merchant;  Earl- 
ville ;  born  in  Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Feb. 
19,  1830;  moved  to  Bradford,  Pa.,  in 
1844;  to  Sullivan  Co.,  Pa.,  1853;  was 
engaged  in  merchandising  and  lumbering 
for  twenty  years ;  moved  West  to  Mis- 
souri in  1866  ;  settled  in  Earlville  Feb- 
ruary, 1867,  except  two  years  spent  in 
Chicago ;  he  was  married  September, 
1853,  to  H«len  M.  Molyneux,  from 
Pennsylvania;  she  was  born  Feb.  11, 
1831 ;  they  have  three  children — Her- 
bert D.,  born  Nov.  16,  1857 ;  Cora  J., 
born  June  8,  1860 ;  Ira  J.,  bom  April 
2,  1863,  died  May  16,  1865.  Mr. 
Birdsall  held  the  office  of  Postmas- 
ter at  Millview,  Pa.,  twelve  years,  ap- 
pointed under  Pierce's  Administration ; 
he  is  now  extensively  engaged  is  mer- 
chandising, under  the  firm  name  of  Hor- 
sey, Potter  &  Co. 

Blaisdell  G.  P.  farmer;  Sec.  19;  P.  0. 
Delaware. 

Blake  Jno.  tenant  farmer ;  P.  0.  Dela- 
ware. ^   „  , 

Boone  R.  far. ;  Sec.  32;  P.  0.  Delaware. 

Brown  D.  laborer ;  Delaware. 

5 


638 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


Bowers  Rev.  J.  M.  clergyman  Congrega- 
tional Church  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

Box  Daniel,  far. ;  Sec.  14  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

Box  Henry  Sr.  farmer;  Sec.  18;  P.  0. 
Delaware. 

Box  Henry  Jr.  P.  0.  Earlville. 

Box  James,  blacksmith  and  farmer ;  P  0. 
Almoral. 

Brick  J.  farmer ;  P.  0.  Deleware. 

Bridges  Wm.  retired;  P.  0.  Almoral. 

Brown  J.  H.  laborer ;  P.  0.  Delaware. 

Buchholz  G.  farmer;  Sec.  19  ;  P.  0.  Dela- 
ware. 

BIIRBRIDGE  ROWIiAWD, 
Farmer;  Sec.  5;  P.  O.  Greeley;  born 
in  Ohio  April  10, 1819;  moved  to  Indi- 
ana 1822;  to  Michigan,  Spring  of 
1839;  returned  to  Indiana  1854;  to 
Iowa  and  on  his  present  farm,  Spring  in 
1866  ;  he  was  married  in  1847  to  Miss 
Emeline  Hoag,  from  Michigan ;  they 
have  had  five  children — William  H., 
Frank  M.,  Jennie,  Jacob,  Kannie  B. ; 
Jennie  died.  He  has  680  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $20,000;  Mr.  B.  purchased 
600  acres  of  land  from  the  Government 
in  1853  ;  his  son  Frank  M.  is  located  on 
a  farm  in  the  same  section ;  Wm.  H.  is 
in  the  hardware  business  in  Greeley. 

Burrughs  J.  H.  laborer  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

Bush  C.  B.  egg  packer ;  Earlville. 

Bush  H.  S.  egg  packer ;  Earlville. 

CARPENTER  F.  L.  laborer;  P.  0. 
Earlville. 

CARPEIVTER  D.  L,.  Retired ;  Earl- 
■  ville  ;  born  in  Delaware  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Dec. 
30,  1818;  moved  to  Boone  Co.,  111.,  in 
1847  ;  he  took  a  trip  to  California  in 
1851,  where  he  spent  three  years ;  re- 
turned to  Wisconsin,  where  he  spent 
seven  years ;  settled  in  this  county  in 
October,  1876.  He  was  married  in  De- 
cember, 1845,  to  Miss  Tillotson,  from 
Delaware  Co.,  N.  Y.  ;  she  was  born 
April  5, 18J7  ;  they  have  six  children — 
George  A.,  born  Nov.  19,  1847;  Mc- 
Donough  T.,  born  May  7,  1851 ;  Fraiik 
L.,  born  March  14,  1854;  Elisha  J., 
born  June  16,  1857 ;  Violet  L.,  born 
Oct.  28,  1849 ;  Carrie  Bell,  born  April 
14,  1860.  Mr.  Carpenter  owns  300 
acres  of  land  in  Honey  Creek  Tp.,  Dela- 
ware Co.,  and  320  acres  in  Sac  Co.,  la.; 
in  politics.  Republican. 

Carter  John,  laborer;  Earlville. 

Carty  John,  saloon  ;  Earlville. 


C^ARTY  FRANK,  farmer;  Sec.  35; 
J     P.  0.  Earlville. 

CATES  WIIililAM,  Retired  ;  P. 
0.  Earlville;  he  was  born  in  Maine, 
1807  ;  moved  to  Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y., 
1815,  and  to  Indiana  in  1837  ;  came  to 
Delaware  Co.  and  North  Fork  Tp.  in 
1853  ;  he  was  married  in  1829  to  Miss 
Sarah  Baker,  from  New  York  ;  they 
had  ten  children,  two  dead.  His  wife 
died  April,  1868.  He  was  married 
again  in  1869  to  Mrs.  A.  C.  Bundy, 
from  Indiana.  Mr.  Cates  purchased  his 
farm  in  1852  from  the  Government. 
He  is  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  in  the 
county ;  he  held  the  office  of  Road 
Commissioner  for  two  years,  and  two 
years  School  Director  in  North  Pork 
Tp. ;  he  sold  his  farm  in  1875  ;  Repub- 
lican; Spiritualist. 

CATTROlSr  J.  A.  G._  Farmer;  Sec. 
2 ;  P.  0.  Almoral;  born  in  Washington 
Co.,  Ind.,  1820 ;  moved  to  Iowa  and  this 
county  in  May,  1854  and  settled  on  his 
present  farm  the  same  year  ;  married  in 
1840  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Eahard,  from 
Indiana.  She  was  born  July  17,  1822. 
They  have  had  eleven  children — William 
v.,  Sarah  P.,  Eliza  J.,  John  W.,  Mary, 
James  F.,  Lauretta,  Martha  E.,  Edgar 
B.,  Ella  E.  and  Bffa  M.  Eliza  J.^ 
Mary  and  Martha  are  dead ;  has  held' 
the  office  of  Assessor  for  one  year ; 
Township  Trustee,  one  year,  and  School 
Director;  has  486  acres  of  land  in 
Oneida  Tp.,  and  65  acres  in  Elk  Tp.  ;  he 
is  a  strong  Republican  in  politics ;  in 
religion  a  Methodist;  he  and  his  family 
are  among  the  most  prominent  members: 
of  the  Methodist  Church  in  Almoral ;, 
the  class  to  which  he  and  his  family 
are  connected  was  established  in  1854 
at  the  Pultney  School  House,  Elk  Tp. 
In  a  short  time  it  was  transferred  to  the 
Red  School  House,  Sec.  4,  Oneida  Tp. 
Mr.  Cattron  has  led  this  class  a  good 
portion  of  the  time  since  its  organiza- 
tion. Since  1870,  by  permission  of  the 
Congregational  Church  at  Almoral,  they 
have  occupied  their  house  and  have 
preaching  every  other  Sabbath.  The 
two  churches  ■>  united  make  up  a  good 
congregation  every  Sabbath.  They  also 
hold  union  school.  The  union  of  the 
two  churches  are  so  general  that  it  is 
hard  to  tell  which  is  which. 


ONEIDA  TOWNSHIP. 


639 


Casper  W.  laborer;  Delaware. 

Cattron  W.  V.  vet.  surgeon  ;  P.  0.  Earl- 
ville. 

Cheeney  S.  W.  shoemaker ;  Earlville. 

Clark  D.  T.  tenant  farmer  ;  Sec.  26  ;  P. 
0.  Earlville. 

Clark  George,  P.  0.  Earlville. 

Clark  N.  W.  tinner ;  P.  O.  Earlville. 

CliEl^DElVNEN  JAMEIS,  Far- 
mer; Sec.  10;  P.  0.  Almoral;  came 
to  Iowa  and  Colony  Township'  in 
1856 ;  he  _was  m-anied  in  1839,  to 
Miss  Jane  Nourey,  from  Pennsyl- 
vania. They  had  eight  children,  three 
died  ;  his  wife  died  in  1863 ;  he  was 
married  again  in  1864,  to  Miss  Joanna 
Sparks,  from  Scotland.  They  had  six 
children — James,  John,  Elmer,  George, 
Isabella  and  Leslie  B.  He  has  80  acres 
of  land ;  value,  $3,000  ;  three  of  his 
sons  by  his  first  wife  were  in  the  Union 
army — Thomas,  John  and  William ; 
Thomas  and  John  died  in  the  service. 
William  enlisted  in  the  6th  Iowa  Caval- 
ry, from  Dubuque  ;  he  lives  in  Warren 
Co.,  Iowa. 

Clendenen  Kobert,  lab.;  Sec.  10;  P.O. 
Almoral. 

Clous  C.  far. ;  Sec.  34 ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

Coe  H.  A.  lab. ;  Sec.  26  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

Coe  S.  H.  far.  ;  Sec.  26 ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

Coe  W.  C.  far. ;  Sec.  26 ;  P.  0.  EarlvUle. 

Cogan  E.  rent. ;  Sec.  20  ;  P.  0.  Delaware. 

Cogan  Phil,  tenant  farmer  ;  Sec.  20  ;  P.  0. 
Delaware. 

Cogafn  Terance,  tenant  farmer ;  Sec.  20 ; 

Colburn  D.  far. ;  Sec.  26 ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

CoUis  E.  Section  Boss  I.  C.  R.  R.,  Dela- 
ware. 

CONGER  E.  B.  Farmer ;  Sec.  9  ;  P. 
0.  Earlville ;  bomin  Chittenden  Co.,  Vt., 
Nov.  30,  1825  ;  moved  with  his  p' rents 
to  St.  Lawrence  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1831 ; 
he  came  to  this  State  and  county  with 
his  father  and  James  Jones  in  1853, 
and  they  together  entered  1,604  acres  of 
land,  the  last  Government  land  in  Dela- 
ware County ;  he  was  married  in  1856 
to  Miss  Sarah  M.  Harriman,  from  Ver- 
mont ;  they  had  two  children — Arthur 
L.,  born  Dec.  7,  1857  ;  Joseph  J.,  born 
March  6,  1859  ;  his  wife  died  March  6, 
1859 ;  he  was  married  again  in  June, 
1861 ,  to  Miss  Eunice  S.  Goodell,  from 
New  York  ;  she  was  born  Dec.  24, 1861 ; 


they  came  to  Iowa  and  settled  on  his 
present  farm  in  1861  ;  he  has  240  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  §7,000  ;  he  is  a  suc- 
cessful farmer  and  a  strong  Grant  man. 

Cousin  J.  G.  laborer;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

Cox  George,  far. ;  Sec.  7  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Cox  James,  renter;  Sec.  7  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Cruist  C.  H.  far. ;  Sec.  14  ;  P.  0.  Almoral! 

CRUISE  JOHN,  Jr.  Parmer;  See. 
1 2 ;  P.  0.  Earlville  ;  born  in  Devonshire, 
England,  1838 ;  he  came  with  his  par- 
ents to  this  country  and  Du  Page  Co., 
111.,  in  1835  ;  to  this  State  and  his  pres- 
ent farm,  in  1854  ;  he  was  married  in 
1858.  to  Miss  Eliza  Rogers,  from  Eng- 
land. They  have  eight  children — Clara 
v.,  Elmer  P.,  Harriet  A.,  Lucy  J.,  John 
L.,  Cora  M.,  Luella  B.  and  baby.  Mr. 
Cruise  has  held  the  office  of  Township 
Trustee  three  years ;  Township  Treasur- 
er, seven  years ;  Assessor,  one  year ;  he 
has  468  acres  of  land,  valued  at  818,- 
000  ;  in  politics.  Republican.  Mr.  Cruise 
has  a  splendid  farm,  is  a  good  farmer 
and  keeps  the  finest  of  stock. 

Cruise  J.  Sr.,  retired  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

Cummings,  E.  H.  far.  ;  Sec.  25  ;  P.  0. 
Earlville. 

DAGGETT  JOSEPH,  drover;  P.  0. 
Earlville. 

Davis  Robert,  farmer;  P.  0.  Delaware. 

Davey  C.  F.  laborer  ;  Earlville. 

Davey  G.  laborer ;  Earlville. 

DELANO  A.  A.  Farmer,  Renter ; 
Sec.  35  ;  born  in  New  York  in  1812  ; 
he  moved  to  this  State  and  county  in 
1870  ;  he  was  married  Nov.  5,  1832 
to  Miss  Julia  Evans,  from  N.  Y. ;  they 
have  had  three  children — Albert,  Ann 
E.,  Harriet  E. ;  Albert  died  ;  his  wife 
died  July  24,  1844 ;  he  was  married 
again  in  1846,  to  Miss  Sarah  Trexell, 
from  Pa. ;  they  have  had  four  children 
— Blake  L.,  Gardner  S.,  Martha  J.  and 
Charles  G. ;  his  wife  died  May  24, 
1855;  he  was  married  again  Jan.  17, 
1856,to  Miss  Marilla  Michael,  from  Ohio ; 
Blake  L.  enlisted  in  Co.  B,  16th  Wis., 
in  March,  1864;  mustered  out  July  2, 
1865  ;  enlisted  again,  with  the  regulars, 
in  1867  ;  mustered  out  in.  1870. 

Delano  B.  P.  0.  Earlville. 

Deih  J.  retired  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

Devine  William,  saloon  keeper ;  Earlvil^. 

DIMOND  JOSIAH,  Farmer;  P. 
0.  Earlville;    was  born  m  Canada  in 


640 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUlSTr: 


1836  ;  he  came  to  the  States  and  111. 
in  1850  ;  came  to  this  State  and  county 
in  1860  ;  settled  on  his  present  farm  in 
1875  ;  he  was  married  in  1858,  to  Fan- 
nie Little,  from  Canada ;  they  have  had 
seven  children — Richard,  born  Aug.  12, 
1859  ;  Gertrude,  Aug.  18, 1861 ;  Stacy, 
Jan.  5, 1864  ;  Emma  J.,  Oct.  15, 1865  ; 
June,  Feb.  15, 1868  ;  Annie  A.,  March, 
18, 1870  ;  Josiah,  Dec.  25,  1872  ;  he 
has  250  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $6,000. 

Dodge  Geo.  farmer ;  S.  8  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

Douglas  John,  carpenter ;  Earlville. 

Dunham  J.  B.  far.  ;  S.  11 ;  P.  0.  Almoral. 

TpAHART  A.  physician  ;  Earlville. 

Eahart  P.  A.  laborer  ;  Earlville. 
EDE  S.  Earlville  ;  Miller  and  Proprie- 
tor of  Plum  Creek  Mill ;  bor«  in  Can- 
ada West  April  8,  1842  ;  came  to  this 
State  and  county  in  1865,  went  to  Kan- 
sas in  1868,  to  Wisconsin  in  1871,  and 
settled  in  his  present  location  in  1874. 
He  was  married  in  1868,  to  Miss  Violet 
L.  Carpenter,  fr.m  Kansas;  she  was 
born  Oct.  28,  1849;  they  have  four 
children — Sabra  A.,  born  May  26, 
1870;  Earnest,  born  Deo.  13,  1871; 
Kosa  B.,  born  Feb.  9,  1873  ;  Gertrude, 
born  Oct.  12,  1875.  He  purchased 
his  mill  in  1874,  and  furnishes  Earlville 
with  most  of  the  flour  used,  besides  a 
large  custom  trade. 

BDE  WIIiLIAM,  Farmer;  Sec.  10; 
P.  0.  Earlville;  born  in  England  in 
1829  ;  came  to  this  country  and  Can- 
ada in  1831,  to  the  States  and  Wiscon- 
sin in  the  Spring  of  1864,  and  settled 
in  this  State  and  county  and  township 
the  same  year,  and  on  his  present  farm 
in  1874.  He  was  married  in  1849  to 
Miss  Isabel  Van  Skiver,  from  Canada  ; 
they  had  two  children — Mary  J.  and 
Lena  M.;  his  wife  died  in  1865 ;  he 
was  married  again,  in  1866,  to  Miss 
Jane  Hilyar,  from  Canada  ;  they  have 
had  five  children — William,  Curds  H., 
Annie  G.,  Nellie  and  baby.  He  has 
245  acres  of  land  in  Sec.  10,  valued 
at  $8,000. 

Eldridge  J.  E.  merchant ;  Earlville. 

Eldridge  S.  M.  clerk ;  Earlville. 

Enos  J.  B.  far. ;  Sec.  29  ;  P.  0  Delaware. 

Everton  Geo.  W.  laborer ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

EVERTOK  WILIilAM,  Jeweler; 
Earlville  ;  born  in  Westfiold,  Mass.,  Nov. 


18, 1826  ;  came  to  Ohio  in  1847  ;  to  In- 
diana in  1851 ;  located  in  Earlville  in 
1857  ;  he  was  married  in  1852  to  Mrs. 
Mary   B.    Emmons ;   she  was  born  in 
Lorain  Co.,  0.,  in  1830 ;  they  have  had 
four    children — Ella,    born    in    1853; 
George,  born  in  1855;  Hattie,  born  in 
1861  ;Rollin,  born  in  1863.     Mr.  Ever- 
ton enlisted  in  the  6th  Iowa  Cavalry 
under  Col.  Wilson ;  they  were  detailed 
to  guard  the  frontier ;  they  were  engaged 
in   several  battles  with  the  Indians  in 
Dakota   Territory.     He   was   mustered 
out  in  1865  ;  he  held  the  office  of  Town- 
ship Clerk  one  year. 
FAVER  A.  A.  commercial  agent.  Earl-  ■ 
viUe. 
Fitzmmons,  farmer ;  P.  0.  Delaware. 
Foust  Elias,'fai-mer  ;  S.  2  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 
Foster  Jas.  farmer ;  S.  13  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 
Freeman  P.  tenant  far. ;  P.  0.    Earlville. 
EUIiliER  J.  H.  Justice  of  the  Peace ; 
Earlville  ;  born  in  New  Hampshire  in 
1817  ;  moved  to  N.  Y.  in  1839  ;  to  Keo- 
kuk, Iowa,   in    1855  ;  settled  in  Jones 
Co.,  this  State,  same  year.  Was  engaged 
in  farming  and  milling  for  14  years  ;  in 
1868,  he  represented  Jones  County   in 
Legislature  ;  he  held  the  office  of  Justice 
of  the  Peace  for  Jones  Co.  eight  years; 
he  settled  in  Earlville  in  1869  ;  he  was 
married  in  1843  toJMiss  Mary  A.  Aus- 
tin, from  N.  Y.  ;  they  had  two  children 
— William  R.  and  Mary  R.     His  wife 
died  in  1849  ;  he  was  married  again  to 
Mrs.  Mandana  Gordon  from  New  Hamp- 
ton, N.  H. ;  they  had  one  child — John 
B.,   born  Sept.,  1862 ;  he  was  elected 
as  Justice  of  this  county  in  1870  ;  Mrs. 
Fuller  carries  on  the  Drug  business  in 
Earlville ;  she  keeps  a  fine  stock  of  drugs, 
notions  and  wall  paper ;  her  stock  and 
store  are  kept  in  fine  order. 

GARDNER  B.  M.  postmaster  ;  Dela- 
ware. 
Gardner  S.  R.  laborer  ;  P.  0.  Delaware. 
Gared  Joseph,  far.;  S.  23  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 
Gelespie  D.  far. ;  S.  29  ;  P.  0.  Delaware. 
Goodman  D.  blacksmith  ;  Earlville. 
Goodman  J.  far. ;  S.  25  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 
Guthiol  Geo.  far. ;  S.  7  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

HALLOCK  0.  farmer;  S.  35  ;  P.  0. 
Earlville. 
Harper  G.  W.  retired ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 
Harris  E.  W.  retired ;  P.  O.  Delaware. 
Harris  J.  S.  druggist ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 


ONEIDA  TOWNSHIP. 


641 


Harris  L.  retired  ;  P.  O.  Barlville. 

HaTvey  B.  L.  teamster  ;  Earlville. 

Harvey  C.  8.  fir. ;  S.  28  ;  P.  0.  Delaware. 

HASKIN  S.  Physician  and  Surgeon ; 
Earlville.  Born  in  Steuben  Co.,  N.  Y., 
Sept.  1, 1827.  Commenced  his  medical 
course  in  1845  and  '46  at  Castleton,  Vt. ; 
another  course  of  lectures  at  Rogers- 
ville,  N.  Y.,  in  1848.  He  was  married 
in  1848  to  Miss  Emily  E.  Goes,  from 
New  York.  They  moved  to  Anamosa 
in  1858.  He  was  appointed  Postmaster 
at  Cass  Center  in  1861  ;  his  wife,  deputy. 
He  was  commissioned  Assistant  Surgeon 
of  the  14th  Iowa  Regiment,  Col.  Shaw, 
in  1861 ;  mustered  out  in  1864.  His 
wife  died  in  1865.  He  came  to  Earl- 
ville the  same  year.  He  was  married 
in  1866  to  Mrs.  Mattie  Moulthroup, 
from  Burmington,  Ct.  He  graduated 
at  Bellevue  College  in  1868.  The 
Doctor  has  a  host  of  friends  and  a  good 
practice.  Mrs.  Haskins  carries  on  the 
millinery  business,  furnishing  the  ladies 
of  Earlville  with  fine  hats. 

Healy  A.  B.  carpenter  ;  Earlville. 

Healy  J.  B.  laborer  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

HEAIiY  MRS.  E.  B.  Earlville. 
Born  in  England  in  1814.  She  came 
to  this  country  and  Canada  East  at  the 
at  the  age  of  4  years  with  her  parents. 
She  was  married  in  1830  to  Mr.  J.  B. 
Healy,  from  Canada.  He  was  born  in 
1809.  They  moved  to  this  State  and 
county  in  1864.  They  have  had  four- 
teen children,  five  dead.  Her  husband 
died  June  17,  1871,  with  cancer  of 
head.  She  lives  with  her  son,  John  B., 
Jr.  He  was  born  June  3,  1851.  He 
was  married  in  1872  to  Miss  Mary  A. 
Reading,  from  Dixon,  111.  They  have 
had  one  child — James  A. ;  born  Oct.  5, 
1873.  Mr.  Healy  is  a  carpenter  by 
trade. 

Healey  Robt.  laborer ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

Hefner  John,  retired  ;  P.  0.  Delaware. 

HEFXEK  WII^IilAM  M.  Justice 
of  the  Peace  and  Transfer  Agent  for  R. 
R.  Cos. ;  Delaware ;  he  was  bom  in 
Indiana,  April  17,  1831 ;  moved  to  this 
State  and  county  in  1853  ;  they  settled 
in  Delaware  in  1860  ;  he  was  married  in 
1851  to  Miss  Sarah  A.  Ball  from  South 
Bend,  Ind. ;  they  had  seven  children — 
John  W.,  born  Aug.  25, 1852 ;  Thomas 
A.,  Oct.  12,  1855  ;  Alvin  F.,  May  11, 


1858  ;  Harlan  E.,  July  15, 1861  ;  Annie 
B  Aug.  17, 1867;  James  M.,  March  26 
1870;  Nellie  W.,  Aug.  16,  1873;  he 
wasappomted  Station  Agent,  Express 
Agent  and  Postmaster  in  1860  ;  he  built 
the  Delaware  House  that  year  ;  he  was 
elected  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  1873  • 
Township  Trustee  for  two  years; 
they  were  the  only  family  in  Delaware 
that  year;  he  has  40  acres  of  land  in 
Milo  Tp. 

Henkles  J.  painter  ;  Earlville. 

Henry  G.  W.  laborer  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

Hersey  James,  merchant ;  Earlville. 

HERSEY  LEWIS  G.  Dealer  in 
General  Merchandise  ;  Earlville ;  deals 
extensively  in  grain,  cattle,  dressed  and 
live  hogs ;  born  in  Maine,  Oct.  1,  1828; 
came  to  this  State  and  county  in  1864 ; 
he  settled  on  a  faim  in  this  township  the 
same  year  ;  he  was  married  in  1854  to 
Miss  Mary  A.  Crafts  from  Maine ;  she 
was  born  Oct.  14, 1830  ;  they  had  three 
children — Lewis  T.,  Nellie  and  James 
E.  ;  his  wife  died  in  1862  ;  Lewis  T. 
died  in  1866  ;  he  was  married  again 
Feb.,  1863  to  Miss  Flora  0.  Bolster 
from  Maine  ;  they  have  had  four  chil- 
dren— Samuel  F.,  Gerlie,  Hattie  G., 
Ruth  M.  Mr.  Hersey  owns  80  acres 
land  in  Sec.  25  ;  he  has  engaged  in  the 
mercantile  business  since  1868  ;  the 
firm  name  is  Hersey,  Batter  &  Co. ;  he 
was  elected  to  represent  the  county  in 
the  Senate  in  1 875  for  four  years ;  he 
resigned  in  1877  on  account  of  business ; 
he  has  held  oflBce  of  School  Director 
three  years  ;  Tp.  Treasurer  two  years  ; 
Mr.  Hersey  has  the  appellation  of  Cattle 
King  of  Delaware  County;  a  Maine  man, 
very  geniel,  but  full  of  business. 

Hess  Peter,  blacksmith  ;  Earlville. 

Hockaday  Wm.  far. ;  S.  3 ;  P.  0.  Almoral. 

Holland  W.  school  teacher  ;  Delaware. 

Holsher  A.  tenant  far.;  S.  1;  P.O.  Almoral. 

Horsnell  S.far.  ;  S.  19  ;  P.  0.   Delaware. 

Horsnell  W.  peddler  ;  Delaware. 

Horton  T.  F.  far. ;  S.  33  ;  P.  0.  Delaware. 

Hulbert  E.  farmer ;  S.  4  ;    P.  0.  Greeley. 

Hulbert  Wm.  farmer ;  S.  4  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Hunt  J.  S.  far. ;  Sec.  32  ;  P.  0.  Delaware. 

Hunt  M.  E.  far. ;  S.  32  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

TERNERSON  G.  teamster  ;  Earlville. 

Jockelin  J.  saloon  ;  Delaware. 
Jookelin  Peter,  loborer  ;  P.O.  Delaware. 


642 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


JOWES  M.  C.  Freight  and  Express 
Agent  ;  Earlville ;  born  in  N.  Y.  July 
9,  1847 ;  he  moved  to  Janesville,  Wis. 

in  1858 ;  to  St.  Ansgar,  Iowa ; 

to  Dyersville  in  Aug.,  1875  ;  settled  in 
Earlville  May,  1877  ;  was  married  in 
Jan.,  1866,  to  Miss  Ruth  Rogers  from 
Pa.  ;  they  have  three  children — Ralph 
E.,  born  May,  1867 ;  Emmett  M.,  Aug., 
1868;  Guy,  Oct.  31,  1877  ;  Mr.  Jones 
has  been  in  the  employ  of  the  I.  C.  R. 
R.  three  years  ;  Express  Company  nine 
months. 

JOIIJES  R.  L(.  Postmaster;  Earlville; 
born  in  Wyoming  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  28, 
1825  ;  he  was  engaged  in  farming  until 
1863 ;  he  was  married  Nov.  13,  1849, 
to  Miss  Theresa  Beach,  from  New  York  ; 
she  was  born  June  3,  1828 ;  they  have 
had  two  children — Mattie  E.,  born  Dec  1, 
1851 ;  Nettie  May,  Nov.  9,  1860  ;  May 
died  Jan.  9,  1861 ;  Mr.  Jones  came  to 
this  State  and  Delhi  in  1855  ;  purchased 
a  farm  of  80  acres ;  settled  on  it  in 
1856  ;  in  1859,  he  purchased  120  acres 
of  land  in  the  same  township  ;  sold  his 
farm  in  1863,  and  moved  to  Earlville; 
he  receive  1  the  appointment  of  Post- 
master in  Oct.,  1867;  he  has  held  the 
the  office  of  Township  Trustee  three 
years.  Township  Clerk  two  years.  Con- 
stable, Assessor  one  year  ;  his  daughter, 
Mattie  E.,  was  married  to  N.  W.  Clark, 
from  Ohio,  Oct.  29,  1871  ;  Mr.  Clark 
was  bom  in  Ohio  in  May,  1844  ;  they 
live  with  her  parents ;  Mr.  C.  is  a  tinner 
by  trade. 

KAHL  B.  F.  farmer  ;  Sec.  2 ;  P.  0. 
Almoral. 

Kahl  J.  farmer ;  S.  2 ;  P.  0.  Almoral. 

Kaizer  W.  tenant  far ;  P.  0.  Delaware. 

Kelley  T.  ten.  far.;  S.  12 ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

Kelley  W.,  Sr.  tenant  farmer;  Sec.  12;  P. 
0.  Earlville. 

Kelley  W.,  Jr.  laborer  ;  Earlville. 

Kemper  J.  H.  blacksmith;  Delaware. 

Kenyon  Ellis,  far. ;  S.  22  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

Ketchume  B.  clergyman  M.  E.  Church ; 
P.  0.  Earlville. 

KINCiSIiEY  J.  M.  Farmer;  Sec. 
20  ;  P.  0.  Delaware ;  born  in  Onondaga 
Co.,  JJ.  Y.,  Dec.  8, 1842  ;  came  to  Iowa 
and  this  county  in  1867  ;  settled  on  his 
present  farm  same  year ;  he  was  married 
in  1862,  to  Miss  Martha  E.  Clark,  of 
Onondaga   Co.,   N.  Y. ;  she   was   born 


Jan.  21,  1843;  they  have  had  eight 
children — Robert  F.,  bom  Jan.  13, 
1863;  Mattie,  Feb.  1,  1867;  Harriet 
D.,  April  9,  1871;  Olive,  Sept.  14, 
1873;  Ella  May,  July  20,  1875; 
Lewellen  and  George ;  Lewellen  and 
George  died  ;  he  has  80  acres  of  land, 
located  in  Fayette  Co.,  valued  at  $1,600. 

Knapp  F.  carpenter,  Earlville. 

KUTOWIiES  J.  S.  Proprietor  Dela- 
ware Nursery  and  General  Agency  Bus- 
iness ;  born  in  N.  H.  in  April  1827  ; 
he  move  1,  with  his  parents,  to  Maine  in 
1828  ;  to  Wis.,  in  1846  ;  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Mary  L.  Brown,  from  N. 
Y.,  in  1856;  they  came  to  Iowa  and 
Dubuque  in  1865 ;  settled  in  Delaware 
Co.  in  1867  ;  they  have  had  seven  chil- 
dren— Eugene,  born  Sept.  4,  1857; 
Mary,  Aug.  17,  1860 ;  Frances,  Sept. 
27,  1862;  Lucia,  Nov.  14,  1868; 
Junius,  Dec.  25,  1870 ;  Olive,  Aug. 
20,  1873;  James,  June  30,  1877; 
Olive  died  March  13,  1875  ;  Mr  K.  is 
quite  extensively  engaged  in  fruit  cul- 
ture ;  he  makes  grapes  and  strawberries 
a  specialty. 

Krenger  F.  farmer ;  S.  17 ;  P.  O.  Delaware. 

Kukuk  John,  far. ;  S.  1 ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

Kukuk  T.  farmer ;    S.  1 ;   P.  0.  Earlville. 

r    ARNMERS  H.  A.  clerk ;  Earlville. 

Lawence  C.  farmer ;   P.  0.  Delaware. 

Lewis  E.  farmer ;  Sec.  3  ;  P.  0.  Almoral. 

Lee  0.  retired  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

Lee  R.  P.  0.  Earlville. 

Lisk  G.  T.  cooper  ;  Earlville. 

Long  A.  laborer ;  Earlville. 

Long  G.  W.  far. ;  S.  20  ;  P.  0.  Delaware. 

Long  Thos.  far. ;  S.  13  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

Long  W.  H.  far. ;  S.  20  ;  P.  0.  Delaware 

liONT  C.  B.  Merchant  and  Farmer ; 
P.  0.  Delaware;  born  in  Madison  Co., 
N.  Y.,  1832  ;  he  was  married  in  1855  to 
Miss  Harriet  Peckham,  from  New  York; 
they  have  had  two  children — Minnie  A., 
born  April  12,  1859 ;  Harriet,  born 
June  16,  1871  ;  Harriet  died  July  3, 
1871;  they  moved  to  this  State  and 
county  in  1867,  and  settled  on  his 
present  farm  the  same  year ;  he  has  377 
acres  of  land,  located  in  Sec.  12,  Milo 
Tp. ;  he  held  the  office  of  Assessor  of 
Milo  Tp.  one  year.  Township  Trustee 
four  years.  He  settled  in  Delaware  in 
1876  ;  he  holds  the  position  of  Assignee 


ONEIDA  TOWNSHIP. 


643 


for  the  Delaware  Co.  Grange  Store  ;  as- 
signment was  made  July  1,  1878;  he 
has  been  connected  with  the  Grange 
Store  since  1874 ;  he  holds  the  position 
of  Treasurer  of  the  Delaware  Co.  Fire 
and  Lightning  Ins.  Co. 

Lough  J.  P.  liveryman;  Delaware. 

Luckinbill  S.  P.  painter ;  Earlville. 

Lux  John,  dealer  in  agl.  imps. ;  Earlville. 

M'CORMIC  THOS.  sec.  hand  I.  C. 
R.  E. ;  Earlville. 

Mack  J.  H.  tailor  ;  Earlville. 

Mallory  H.  J.  lab.  ;  Sec.  22  ;  P.O.  Earlville. 

Mallory  J.  E.  laborer ;  Delaware. 

Marshall  F.  grain  buyer  ;  Delaware. 

Mathews  G.  W.  farmer ;  Sec.  1 ;  P.  0. 
Earlville. 

MATTHEWS  JAS.  B.  Editor 
Earlville  Record  and  Alden  News; 
Earlville;  born  in  Lockport,  N.  Y.,  Oct. 
12,  1825  ;  moved  to  Ohio  in  1836  ;  to 
Chicago  in  1860;  to  Iowa  in  1865 ;  to 
Alden  in  1866,  when  he  commenced 
publishing  the  Alden  News  in  1873, 
which  paper  he  still  publishes  ;  settled 
in  Earlville  Dec.  19,  1877  ;  commenecd 
the  publishing  of  the  Earlville  Record 
same  date.  He  was  married  in  1851  to 
Miss  Margaret  Newman,  from  Ohio  ;  she 
was  born  in  St.  John,  N.  B.,  July  24, 
1826;  they  have  three  children — J. 
Arthur,  May  B.,  Frank  H.  His  son 
J.  A.  Matthews,  is  in  partnership  with 
him  in  the  publishing  of  the  Earlville 
Record  and  the  AUen  News;  both 
papers  are  publishe(ifrom  the  Earlville 
office.  Mr.  Matthews  has  followed  the 
business  of  printer  thirty-four  years. 

Mead  J.  D.  sec.  hand  I.  C.  R.  R. ;  Earl- 
ville. . 

Mead  0.  sec.  hand  I.  C.  R.  R. ;  Earlville. 

Meader  Jno.  carpenter ;  Delaware. 

Mearder  E.  L.  carpenter ;  Delaware. 

MEDIiAND  JOHN, P.  0.  Earlville; 
born  in  England,  Cornwall  Co.,  Sept.  4, 
1827  ;  came  to  this  country  and  Da  Page 
■Co.  in  1852  ;  to  Iowa  and  this  county  in 
1865  ;  settled  on  his  present  farm  in  the 
same  year ;  he  was  married  in  1852,  to 
Miss  Catherine  Sleep,  from  England; 
she  was  born  Oct.  25,  1828 ;  they  have 
ihad  six  children — Jemima  G.,  born 
March  16,  1855 ;  Mary  E.,  born  Nov. 
24  1860;  William  S.,  bom  May  8, 
1862-  Luella  L.,  born  Nov.  4,  1864; 
John  'S.,  born  Jan.  2,  1867  ;  Francilla 


v.,  March  2,  1870  ;  he  has  170  acres  of 
land,   valued    at  $5,000;  he   has   held 
office  of  School  Director  four  years,  and 
Road  Supervisor  four  years. 
MERRY  H.  C.  Farmer  ;  Sec.  23  ;  P. 
0.  Earlville;  born  in  New  York  July 
16,  1814;  lived  there  seventeen  years; 
moved  to  Ohio  in  1833 ;  to  Iowa  and 
Elk   Township,   1857 ;   settled   on   his 
present  farm  in  1866  ;  he  was  married, 
in  1838,  to  Miss  Parmelia  Trowbridge, 
from  Ohio  ;  she  was  born  in  New  York 
Jan.  1,  1817  ;  they  have  had  six  chil- 
dren— Martha  E.,   Adeline,  John   P., 
Henry  J.,  Carrie  and   Willie ;  Adeline 
and   Willie  died  ;  John   F.  enlisted  in 
Co.  K,  21st  Regt.  Iowa  V.  I.,  in  1862  ; 
mustered  out  on  account  of  sickness  in 
1863 ;  he  re-enlisted  in  the  100  days' 
service ;  he  is  now  engaged  in  the  mer- 
cantile  business    in    Manchester.      Mr. 
Merry  held  the  office  of  Justice  of  the 
Peace  of   Elk  Township  seven  years  ; 
School  Director  seven  years  ;  Assessor  of 
Oneida  Township,  three  years;  he  has 
80  acres  of  land.     Mrs.  Merry's  father, 
John  Trowbridge,  lives  with  them  ;  he 
is  88  years  old. 
Merry  H.  J.  far.  ;  Sec.  23  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 
MBRTBN  W.  H,   Clerk;  Earlville; 
born  in  Colony  Township,  Delaware  Co., 
la.,  in  1845  ;  he  lived  there  six  years  ;  his 
father  became  itinerant  preacher  for  the 
M.  E.  Church  in  1851  ;  they  spent  the 
time  until  1862  in  Iowa,  Wisconsin  and 
IlUnois  ;  he  attended  school  at  Baldwin 
University,  Berea,  Ohio ;  in  1863  and 
1864,  he  moved  to   Missouri ;   in   the 
Spring  of  1864,  he  engaged  in  the  nurs- 
ery business ;  he  enlisted  in  the  Fall  of 
1864,  in  Co.  B,  43d  Mo.  V.  I. ;  mus- 
tered out  in  Aug.,  1865,  closed  out  his 
nursery   and  came  to   Iowa  in    1866 ; 
he  taught  school  two  years ;  purchased  a 
farm  in  1867  ;  he  was  married  in  Oct., 
1868,  to  Miss  Kate  Seeley,  from  Wis- 
consin.    Theyhad  two  children— Eddie 
F    born  Oct.,  1870 ;  Clara  Alice,  born 
Jan.   4,    1874;  his  wife  died  Oct.  1, 
1876  ■  he  was  elected  to  the  office  of 
County  Superintendent  of  Schools  in  the 
Fall  of  1871 ;  held  it  four  years  ;  in  pol- 
itics, Rep. ;  religion,  Meth. 
Metzler  J.  retired;  P.  0.  Earlville. 
MITCH     JOSEPH,    Shoem^^er; 
Earlville;    born    in   Germany,   1847, 


644 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


came  lo  this  country  and  New  York, 
1853  ;  to  Galena  in  1855.  He  enlisted 
in  Co.  F,  12th  Reg.  I.  V.  I.,  in  the 
Spring  of  1861.  He  was  in  sev- 
eral severe  engagements ;  he  was 
wounded  in  battle  of  Corinth ;  mustered 
out  in  1865.  Was  married  in  August, 
1865,  to  Miss  Barbara  Foro,  from  Ger- 
many ;  settled  in  Earlville,  1870 ;  they 
have  five  children — John  J.,  Lizzie  M., 
Joseph  C,  Frank  F.  and  Bertha.  Re- 
publican ;   Catholic. 

Moran  D.  W.  lab.;  P.  0.  Delaware. 

MORELrAKfD  DAVID  W.  farm- 
er ;  Sec.  5  ;  P.  0.  Earlville ;  born  in 
Colony  Township,  Delaware  Co.,  Deo. 
27,  1844.  He  was  married  March  6, 
1868,  to  Miss  Anna  S.  Earl,  from  Earl- 
ville ;  she  is  the  daughter  of  Geo.  M. 
Earl,  founder  of  Earlville,  in  1857;  she 
was  born  January  25,  1846  ;  they  set- 
tled in  Oneida  Township,  1868;  they 
have  had  two  children — ^Mary  E.,  born 
April  26,  1869,  and  Charles  S.,  July  9, 
1871.  Mr.  M.  enlisted  in  1861,  in  the 
12th  Reg.  I.  V.  I.,  Col.  Woods  ;  he 
was  wounded  in  the  battle  of  Shiloh 
and  taken  prisoner  April  6,1862;  he 
was  held  as  a  prisoner  six  months  and 
seventeen  days  ;  mustered  out  in  Janu- 
ary, 1866.  He  has  eighty-seven  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $3,000. 

Morisey  G.  H.  retired  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

nORTOHV  E.  li.  Harness  Maker; 
Earlville  ;  born  in  Ohio,  Aug.  26, 1840 ; 
moved  to  Michigan  in  1868  ;  came  to 
this  State  and  Manchester,  1869  ;  settled 
in  Earlville  in  March  of  same  year.  He 
was  mamed  Oct.  5,  1872,  to  Miss  Em- 
ma Walker,  of  Earlville,  Delaware  Co., 
Iowa;  she  was  born  Jan.  10,  1850. 
Mr.  Morton  enlisted  in  the  late  war,  as 
Sergeant  in  Co.  A,  3d  Ohio  Cavalry. 
He  was  in  several  important  engage- 
ments ;  mustered  out  in  1863,  on  account 

NICHOLSON  JOHN,  retired ;  P.  0. 
Earlville. 
JTEWCOMB  HI.  V.  Harness  Maker; 
A 1  moral ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in 
1834  ;  he  came  to  this  State  and  county 
in  1860  ;  moved  to  Green  County ,Wi8., 
in  1861.  Wasmarried  in  1861  to  Miss 
Rozeltha  Taylor,  from  Wisconsin  ;  she 
was  born  Dec.  26,  1842  ;  then  went  to 
Minnesota  same  year.   .They  were  driven 


from  their  home  during  the  Indian  mas- 
sacre, Aug.  28,1862,  losing  everything. 
They  came  to  Earlville  and  settled  that 
Fall.  He  has  held  the  office  of  Town- 
ship Clerk  six  years  ;  Assessor  one  year. 
They  have  had  three  children — Edwin 
M.,  born  Aug.  5,  1862  ;  Jennie  B,, 
born  Sept.  12,  1864  ;  Blanche  J.,  born 
April  28,  1873.  He  has  charge  of  the 
Almoral  Creamery  for  this  year. 

O'CONNELL  DENNIS,  laborer;  P.  0. 
Earlville. 

OTTO  AUGUST,  Carriage  and 
Wagon  Maker;  P.  0.  Earlville;  born 
in  Germany,  1833 ;  came  to  this 
country  and  Dubuque  in  1865  ;  he  was 
in  the  employ  of  the  Northwestern  Car- 
riage Factory  six  years ;  he  was  married 
in  1871  to  Miss  Anna  B.  Schaller.  She 
was  born  in  Germany,  July  20,  1852. 
They  have  had  three  children — Augusta 
E.,  born  Oct.  30,  1872  ;  Charles,  Nov. 
4,  1873  ;  Caroline  E.,  May  4,  1874, 
They  settled  in  Earlville  in  1874  ;  Mr. 

'  Otto  learned  his  trade  in  Germany  ;  he 
is  a  first-flass  workman  ;  is  in  partner- 
ship with  John  Young  in  the  manu- 
facturing of  carriages,  wagons  and  fine 
sleighs. 

PALMER  T.  H.  farmer ;  P.  0.  Earl- 
ville. 
PAIiMER  T.  C.  Farmer;  P.  0. 
Earlville ;  born  in  Addison  Co.,  Vt., 
Jan.  26,  1812  ;  moved  to  Warren  Co., 
N.  Y.,  in  1832,  then  to  Chautauqua  Co. 
in  1833 ;  to  j^htabula  Co.,  Ohio,  in 
1835,  to  Wisconsin  in  1844,  to  Clayton 
Co.,  Iowa,  in  1854  ;  they  settled  in  Earl- 
ville in  1870  ;  they  made  all  their  moves 
with  his  own  team  ;  he  was  married  in 
1831  to  Miss  R.  Phinney,  from  Ver- 
mont. She  was  born  April  26, 1813  ; 
they  have  five  children — Lucy,  born 
March  22,  1833;  Laura  R.,  Feb.  25, 
1837  ;  Wm.  T.,  June  28, 1841  ;  Thalia, 
Aug.  2,  1843;  Frances  P.,  April  3, 
1847.  Mr.  Palmer  held  the  office  of 
Postmaster  in  Segil,  Clayton  Co.,  for 
four  years.  His  son,  Wm.  T.,  enlisted 
in  Co.  A,  47th  Regt.  I.  V.  1.  May 
10,  1864;  mustered  out  Sept.  28,1864, 
on  account  of  sickness.  Their  daughter* 
Mrs.  Lucy  Southworth  and  Mrs..  Thalia 
Rhodes,  reside  in  Colorado ;  their  two 
sons  are  farmers  in  Clayton  Co.  Their 
daughter,  Mrs.  Laura  Knapp,  was  mar- 


ONEIDA   TOWNSHIP. 


645 


ried  Aug.  3,  1876,  to  Wm.  Grannis, 
from  Dubuque.  He  is  engaged  as  com- 
mercial traveler  ;  he  was  born  in  Erie 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  16,  1821 ;  moved  to 
Iowa,  and  Strawberry  Point,  Clayton 
Co.,  in' 1850;  he  enlisted  in  Co.  D, 
21st  Regt.  I.  V.  I.  in  1862  as  Lieuten- 
ant; mustered  out  as  Captain.  He  was 
in  all  the  battles  at  the  seige  of  Vicks- 
burg.  Dr.  Wm.  T.  Knapp,  of  Gutten- 
burg,  Iowa,  is  the  son  of  Mrs.  Grannis 
by  her  former  husband  ;  was  born  Jan. 
3,  1854. 

Parker  P].  D.  railroad  man  ;   Earlville. 

PARKER  G.  W.  Farmer  ;  Sec.  5  ; 
P.  0.  Greeley ;  born  in  Canada  East  in 
1839 ;  came  to  the  States  and  Wiscon- 
sin in  1860,  to  Iowa  and  Honey  Creek 
Township  in  the  Fall  of  1861 ;  settled 
on  his  present  farm  in  1867.  He  was 
married  April  10,  1866,  to  Miss  Mary 
J.  Fosselman,  from  Ohio ;  children  are 
Herbert  E.,  born  July  5,  1867,  Jas.  H. 
born  June  6, 1 869 ;  has  170  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $5,000  ;  has  held  the  office  of 
Eoad  Supervisor  one  year ;  Republican 
in  politics  ;  his  grandfather  was  in  the 
Revolutionary  war  five  years  and  seven 
months,  and  died  when  99  years  of  age. 

Parker  L.  farmer  ;  S.  2  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

PARKER  SAMUEL,  F.  Commer- 
cial Agent ;  Earlville ;  born  in  Ken- 
tucky in  1819  ;  he  came  to  Iowa  and 
Fort  Madison  Jan.  2,  1838,  to  Jackson 
Co.,  Iowa,  in  1842,  to  Rockford,  111.,  in 
1844,  to  Belvidere,  111.,  in  1848.  He 
was  married  in  1846  to  Miss  Sarah  A. 
Hitchcock,  from  Rockford ;  they  had 
two  children — George  M.  and  Joseph 
F.;  his  wife  died  in  August,  1850  ;  he 
was  married  again  in  1 852  to  Miss  Mary 
J.  Caswell,  from  Belvidere;  they  had 
four  children — Edwin  D.,  Samuel  R., 
James  0.,  William  H.  James  0.  died 
Jan.  12,  1877.  and  Samuel  R.  was 
drowned  m  Silver  Lake,  near  Delhi, 
while  skating,  Dec.  6,  1866.  _  He  came 
to  Iowa  and  this  county,  Delhi,  in  1854, 
and  to  Earjville  in  1869 ;  he  held  the 
office  of  Deputy  Sherifi"  two  years,  and 
the  office  of  Sheriff  two  years  and  five 
months ;  Mr.  P.  has  followed  the  busi- 
ness of  Commercial  Agent  thirteen 
years ;  Mrs.  P.  is  agent  of  the  new  A. 
M.  Sewing  Machine;  she  is  the  boss 
saleswoman  of  the  county. 


Parris  D.  farmer ;  S.  32  ;  P.  0.  Delaware' 

Patten  R.  farmer  ;  S.  1]  ;  P.  0.  Almoral. 

Phelps  F.  laborer ;  P.  0.  Delaware. 

Phelps  R.  retired ;  P.  0.  Delaware. 

Pierce  B.  laborer ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

Pierce  H.  harness  maker,  Earlville 

PIERCE  DR.  H.  H.  Physician, 
Delaware ;  born  in  Rutland,  Vt.,  Oct. 
16,  1847  ;  he  commenced  the  study  of 
medicine  in  1867,  at  Rutland,  Vt. ;  he 
graduated  at  Burlington,  Vt.,  1870; 
commenced  practice  the  same  year; 
came  to  Iowa  and  Delaware  Co.  in  1871. 
He  was  married  in  1873,  to  Miss  Sarah 
Ruggles,  from  Rutland,  Vt,  They  have 
two  children — Lewis  H.  born  June  22, 
1874,  and  Minnie  R.  born  June  4, 1876. 
He  holds  the  office  of  Co.  Coroner.  He 
has  quite  an  extensive  practice. 

Pierce  L.  L.  harness  maker,  Earlville. 

Pierce  M.  farmer,  Sec.  31;  P.  0.  Delaware. 

POTTER  JOHN  T.  Dry  Goods  and 
Grocery  Merchant,  Earlville ;  born  in 
Boston,  in  1847  ;  was  engaged  as  com- 
mercial traveler  from  1863  to  1877. 
He  was  married  in  1873,  to  Miss  Lillie 
W.  Stevens,  from  Lynn,  Mass.;  she 
was  born  Jan.  9, 1854.  They  have  had 
one  child,  Arthur  S.  born  Jan.  ll,  1874. 
Mr.  Potter  represented  the  house  of 
Mitchell,  Green  &  Stevens  13  years; 
is  now  in  partnership  with  Messrs.  Her- 
sey  &  Birdsell,  in  general  merchandise. 

Preston  N.  S.  tenant  far.  P.  0.  Delaware. 

Prusser  J.  F.  laborer,  P.  0.  Delaware. 

RECTOR  A.  J.  farmer;  Sec.  24;   P. 
0.  Earlville. 

Rector  Geo.  E.  school  teacher,  Earlville. 

Rector  J.  U.  far.;  Sec.  4;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

REDING  A.  T.  Foreman  of  Bridge 
Department  I.  C.  R.  R.,  Earlville;  born 
in  Washington  Co.,  Penn.,  April  23,. 
1840  ;  moved  to  Indiana  in  1857.  He 
was  married  to  Miss  M.  E.  Martz,  in 
1859,  from  Ohio;  she  was  born  in 
Wayne  Co.,  Ohio,  Dec.^6, 1843.  They 
have  had  two  children,  Lewis  C.  born 
March  20,  1861 ;  Nellie  B.  born  AprU 
14  1873.  They  moved  to  Dixon,  111., 
in' 1866;  he  was  there  employed  as 
bridge  builder ;  came  to  Earlville  March 
1870,  in  same  business;  was  promoted 
to  foreman  of  the  Bridge  Dept.  in  1874. 

Reader  James,  far. ;  8.  35  ;  P.  O^Earlvi  le. 
Richmond  J.  S.  farmer;  S.  34;  P.  0.  Earl- 
ville. ■> 


646 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY 


Eiehmond  M.  J.  B.  fanner ;  S.  34 ;  P.  0. 
Earlville. 

Kogers  Thos.  Sr.  far. ;  S.  12  ;  P.  0.  Earl- 
ville. 

Rollins  C.  W.  far. ;  S.  31 ;  P.  0.  Delaware. 

Rundell  Chas.  far. ;  S.  26  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

KUNDELIi  CHARL.es,  Farmer 
and  Dealer  in  Agricultural  Implements  ; 
P.  0.  Earlville  ;  born  in  Herkimer  Co., 
N.  Y.,  Aug.  8,  1808.  They  came  to 
Iowa  and  Dubuque  Co.  in  1866 ;  to 
this  county  in  1869.  Settled  on  his 
present  farm  in  1877.  He  was  married 
Aug.  13,  1830,  to  Miss  Catherine 
House,  from  New  York.  They  had 
five  children — Edwin,  James  S.j  Charles 
L.,  Ann,  Birney.  James  S.,  Ann  and 
Birney  are  dead.  Charles  L.  was  bom 
July  5,  1836.  He  was  married  in 
1858  to  Miss  Rebecca  Bence,  from  Jef- 
ferson Co.,  N.  Y.  They  have  had  four 
children — Ida  M.,  Don  C,  Gretchen, 
Edwin  A.  They  live  with  their ,  par- 
ents. Together  they  carry  on  the  agri- 
cultural and  implement  business.  They 
have  200  acres  of  land  in  S.  34,  valued 
at  $5,000.  Charles  L.  enlisted  in  the 
Spring  of  1862  in  the  94th  N.  Y.  Regt. ; 
was  transferred  to  the  10th  N.  Y.  Artil- 
lery; mustered  out  in  Dec,  1865; 
engaged  in  the  siege  of  Fort  Wagner 
and  Sumpter. 

Ryan  J.  section  hand  ;  Earlville. 

SACKETT  C.  P.  tenant  farmer ;  S.  6  ; 
P.  0.  Greeley. 

Saekett  L.  A.  tenant  farmer ;  S.  6  ;  P.  0. 
Greeley. 

Sackett  M.  W.  tenant  farmer;  S.  6  ;  P.  0. 
Greeley. 

Sackett  W.  P.  tenant  farmer ;  S.  6  ;  P.  0. 
Greeley. 

Sandercock  John,  renter ;  S.  3 ;  P.  0. 
Almoral. 

Sandercock  S.  laborer ;  Earlville. 

SAITDEBCOCK  WAL.TER  S. 
Farmer ;  Sec.  26  ;  P.  0.  Earlville ;  born 
in  Cornwall  Co.,  England,  1817;  came 
to  this  country  and  Cook  Co.,  111.,  in 
1845;  to  Iowa  and  Delaware  Co.,  1855  ; 
settled  on  his  present  farm  in  1 870 ;  he 
was  married  in  1845  to  Miss  Ann 
Palmer,  from  England ;  they  have  had 
nine  children,  four  living — Catherine 
G.,  born  Jan.  14,  1852  ;  John  T.,  bom 
Oct.  25,  1853;  Samuel,  born  July  3, 
1855;  Walter  Y.,  bom  July  2,  1862  ; 


Catherine  G.  was  born  a  mute.  Mr.  S. 
has  held  the  office  of  School  Director 
three  years ;  Road  Supervisor  one 
year ;  Republican ;  Methodist.  He  has 
129  acres  of  land,  valued  at  84,000. 

Sayers ,  retired  ;  Earlville. 

SCHUBERT  CHAS.  Wagon 
Maker  ;  Earlville ;  born  in  Germany  in 
1843 ;  came  to  this  country  and  Ohio, 
1852 ;  to  this  State  and  Linn  Co.,  1855  ; 
to  Dubuque  in  1857  ;  enlisted  in  Co.  P. 
5th  la.   Cavalry  in   1864,  under  Gen. 
Thomas ;  mustered  out  in  1865  ;  married 
in  1865  to  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Brooks,  from 
Canada ;  she  was  born  in  1840  ;  she  has 
one  child  by  her  former  husband — Nel- 
lie Brooks,  born  Jan.  21,  1865.     He 
spent  four  years  in  Delhi ;  he  settled  in 
Earlville  in  1869  ;  he  is  in  partnership 
with  T.  P.  Hass  in  manufacturing  wagons 
and  carriages ;  they  manufacture  good 
goods,  and  have  a  ready  sale. 
Scott  A.  B.  far. ;  Sec.  13  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 
SCOTT  A.  R.  Farmer;  Sec.  10  ;  P. 
0.  Almoral;  born  in  Otsego  Co.,  N.  Y., 
Oct.  21,  1843  ;  came  with  his  parents  to 
Iowa  and  Delaware  Co.,  in  1853;  settled 
on  his  present  farm  in  1876.     He  was 
married  in  1866  to  Miss  Mary  Rogers, 
from  England;  she  was  born  Sept.  21, 
1846 ;  they  have  had  three  children — 
Austin  T.,  born  Jan.  11,  1868  ;  Frank- 
lin D.,  born  Sept.  5,  1871 ;  Sherman, 
born  March  9,  1873.     He  has  80  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $3,000  ;  has  held  the 
office  of  School  Director  one  year.     He 
enlisted  in  Co.  H,  21st  la.  V.  I.,  1862  ; 
he  was  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Big 
Black  River  Bridge,  Port  Gibson,  Cham- 
pion Hill,  Jackson,  Vicksburg,  Spanish 
Fort  and  Biakely  ;  he  had  four  brothers 
in  the  same  company  with  him  ;  he  was 
mustered  out  July,  1865  ;  they  all  es- 
caped without  a  wound. 
SCOTT  S.  A.  Farmer  ;    See.  13  ;    P, 
0.  Earlville  ;  he  was  born  in  Kane  Co., 
Penn.,  Sept.  18,  1828  ;    he  came  with 
his  parents  to  Ohio  in  1838  ;  to  Illinois 
in  1842  ;  to  this  State  and  county  in 
1851.     Settled  on  his  present  farm  in 
same  year.     Was  married   March   27, 
1856,  to  Miss  Matilda  LeGassick  ;   she 
was  born    in  England  Nov.  24,  1836. 
He   was   the   first  Township  Clerk  of 
Oneida  Township  ;   has  held  the  office 
of  Assessor  three  years,  and  School  Di- 


ONEIDA  TOWNSHIP 


647 


rector  four  years.     Mr.  Scott  is  one  of  i 
the  earliest  settlers  in  the  county.     He 
has  130   acres  of  land  in  Sees.  13  and 
24.     Independent. 

Scott  A.  R.  P.  0.  Earlville. 

ISEOER  E.  A.  Farmer;  Sec.  17; 
P.  0.  Delaware ;  was  born  in  St.  Law- 
rence Co.,  N.  Y.,  March  27,  1837  ; 
came  to  Iowa  and  this  county  in  1854  ; 
settled  on  his  present  farm  in  1868. 
Married  Miss  Sylvia  R.  Gates,  from 
Earlville,  in  1863.  He  has  140  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $5,000.  Has  held 
the  office  of  Constable  two  years ;  Road 
Supervisor  two  years.  His  father,  Joel 
Seger,  came  to  Iowa  at  the  same  time 
he  is  settled  in  Earlville.  They  are 
among  the  earliest  settlers  of  the  county. 
The  railroad  extended  only  to  Scales 
Mound  ;  they  came  by  team  from  there. 

Segar  J.  retired  ;  P.  O.  Earlville. 

^EGrEB  Li.  G.  Farmer ;  Sees.  15  and 
16;  P.  0.  Earlville;  born  in  Rutland 
Co.,  Vt.,  1827  ;  moved  with  his  parents 
to  St.  Lawrence  Co.,  N.  Y.,  1829  ;  to 
Iowa  and  his  present  farm  in  1854.  He 
was  married  in  1849,  to  Miss  Sarah 
Akin  from  St.  Lawrence  Co.,  N.  Y. ; 
the  children  are  Martha  A.,  Hattie  S., 
born  February,  1856  ;  Iowa  D.,  born  in 
1860  ;  Alvira  N.,  born  1862  ;  Edmond 
D.,  born  August  1,  1865  ;  Adelaide  M., 
born  September,  1867  ;  Fred.  H.,  bom 
March,  1870 ;  Frank  J.,  born  Septem- 
ber, 1872;  Alfred  D.,  born  February, 
1858  ;  Alfred  was  drowned  in  1860  ; 
Lorena,  born  October,  1874;  Mabel, 
horn  August,  1876.  Mr.  S.  has  held 
the  office  of  School  Director  one  year, 
and  President  of  the  School  Board  one 
year.  He  has  400  acres  of  land  valued 
at  $12,000.      Republican;    Protestant. 

■Shaw  W.  W.  farmer ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

Sims  C.  A.  laborer ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

Sims  T.  L.  teamster ;  Earlville. 

Sisson  H.  B.  tenant  farmer;  Sec.  33  ;  P. 
0.  Delaware. 

Sisson  J.  F.  tenant  farmer  ;  Sec.  28  ;  P. 
0.  Delaware. 

Snow  N.  laborer;  P.  0.  Delaware. 

Spear  Isaac,  laborer ;  P.  0.  Delaware. 

Sprague  G.  W.  hotel  proprietor;  P.  O. 
Delaware.  __   ^,     , 

STABHIiE  GEOKGE,  Hardware 
and  Lumber  Merchant ;  Earlville;  born 
in    the    Province   of   Alsace,   France, 


Aug.  10,  1831;  came  to  this  country 
and  New  York  City  in  1849.  Was  mar- 
married,  in  1854,  to  Miss  Sallie  Weber,^ 
from  Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y.;  born  in  1830  ; 
he  moved  to  Dubuque  in  1854,  and  was 
engaged  as  clerk  in  the  hardware  store 
of  Andrews  &  Tredway  seventeen  years ; 
he  settled  in  Earlville  in  1872;  they 
have  nine  children — George,  Annie, 
William,  Elizabeth,  Charles,  Jennie, 
Albert,  Emma,  Bertha.  He  was  elected 
Supervisor,  in  Delaware  County,  in 
1876.  By  constant  application  to  busi- 
ness and  economy,  with  fair  dealing,  Mr. 
S.  has  secured  to  himself  a  good  trade 
and  the  high  esteem  of  his  fellow  men. 

Stephens  L.  0.  farmer ;  P.  0.  Almoral. 

Steiman  C.  far. ;  S.  19  ;  P.  0.  Delaware. 

Strickland  A.  far.;  S.  11;  P.  0.  Almoral. 

Strickland  J.  A.  far.;  S.  11 ;  P.  0.  Almoral. 

STRICKIiABfD  W.  G.  Farmer; 
S.  11;  P.  0.  Almoral;  born  in  Am- 
herst, Mass.,  in  1821.  He  moved  to 
this  State  and  county  in  1856;  settled 
on  his  present  farm  the  same  year.  He 
was  married  in  1844  to  Miss  Mary 
A.  Lewis,  from  Middletown,  Ct.  They 
had  two  children — Francis  and  Arthur 
H.  His  wife  died  Sept.  24,  1849.  He 
was  married  again  Oct.  1,  1850,  to 
Miss  Eunice  W.  Puffer,  from  Massa- 
chusetts. She  was  born  Feb.  18,  1822. 
They  had  five  children,  three  dead. 
Living — Josiah  A.,  born  Sept.  12, 
1855 ;  Edward  G.,  born  Jan.  4,  1861. 
He  held  the  office  of  Assessor  one 
year  ;  School  Director  six  years ;  Presi- 
dent School  Board  one  year.  He  has 
200  acres  of  land  in  Sees.  14  and  15. 
Mr.  Strickland  was  led  to  locate  in 
Almoral  through  the  "  Stafford  Western 
Emigration  Co."  He  is  the  only  mem- 
ber now  living  in  the  county  of  the  first 
company.  He  is  the  President  of  the 
Almoral  Dairymen's  Co.  The  prospects 
of  the  future  of  the  company  are  more 
flattering  than  in  the  past.  He  has 
acted  as  Deacon  of  the  Congregational 
Church  since  Nov.,  1857. 

STBIXGHAM  J.  A.  Draggist, 
and  Freight  and  Ticket  Agent  for  the 
D  &  N  W.  R.  R-,  Delaware.  Born  m 
Windsor,  N.  Y.,  July  20, 1841.  Served 
three  years  in  the  war  of  the  rebellion 
in  the  89th  N.  Y.  Vol's.  He  was  marned 
in  1872  to  Miss  Hattie  M.  Haller,  o 


648 


DIEECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


Delaware.  They  have  had  two  children 
— Adin  H.,  born  Sept.  17, 1874  ;  Prank 
H.,  born  July  2,  1877.  He  is  inter- 
ested in  the  drug  business  in  Delaware. 
Firm  name,  Stringham  &  Carlin. 

Stork  B.  M.  lab. ;  S.  12 ;  P.  O.  Earlville. 

Sullivan  J.  farmer ;  S.  10  ;  P.  0.  Almoral. 

SUIiLIVAN  J.  W.  Farmer;  S.  32; 
P.  0.  iDelaware.  Born  in  New  York 
Nov.  10,  1822.  He  spent  five  years 
sailing  on  the  ocean  and  lakes.  He 
moved  to  Chicago  in  1852 ;  to  Milwau- 
kee in  1855 ;  was  married  to  Miss 
Mary  Breen.from  Milwaukee,  in  1*^56. 
Eeturned  to  Chicago  the  same  year; 
was  engaged  from  1857  to  1873  as 
general  caterer  for  the  Tremont  House. 
He  hept  the  Atlantic  Hotel  in  partner- 
ship with  W.  S.  Newman  two  years. 
They  moved  to  Iowa  and  settled  on 
their  present  farm  in  1876.  They  have 
had  three  children— Charles  B.,  born 
Feb.  1,  1868  ;  James  F.,  born  Aug.  3, 
1865;  Mary  E.,  born  May  28,  1872. 
He  has  held  the  office  of  School  Direc- 
tor. He  has  100  acres  of  land  in  Sec. 
32,  80  acres  in  Sec.  33,  Delhi  Tp. 

r-pHIBADIAN  PETER,  tenant  farmer; 

X      P.  0.  Earlville. 

Trowbridge  John,  retired;  Earlville. 

TAYIiOR  J.  B.  Liveryman  ;  Earl- 
ville ;  born  in  Ohio  April  3,  1830; 
moved  to  Indiana  in  1844,  to  this  State, 
Greeley  Township  and  Oneida  Township, 
in  1855,  and  engaged  in  the  mercantile 
business ;  he  moved  to  Earlville  in  1859, 
when  he  connected  the  grain  business 
with  his  mercantile  business,  which  he 
closed  out  in  1870,  devoting  his  time  to 
the  grain  trade  until  1872,  since  which 
time  he  has  carried  on  the  livery  busi- 
ness ;  he  was  elected  to  the  office  of 
Constable  in  1876.  He  was  married  in 
1851,  to  Miss  M.  J.  Eahart,  from  Indi- 
ana, where  she  was  born  in  1831  ;  they 
have  had  two  children — Sophronia  A., 
born  in  June,  1852,  and  was  married  in 
1871,  to  C.  A.  Gillam,  who  holds  the 
office  of  Express  Agent,  at  Independ- 
ence, Iowa;  William  W.,  born  Novem- 
ber, 1855,  married  in  1874,  and  lives 
with  his  father. 

YAN  VALKENBURG  B.  J.;  P.  0. 
Earlville. 
Vanwagenen  John,  laborer;   Earlville. 
Vanwagenen  R.  H.  retired ;  Earlville. 


Valsey  Chas.  farmer ;  S.  9  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

VOIT  ADAM,  Meat  M-arket  and 
Pork  Packer  ;  Earlville ;  born  in  Aus- 
tria, Feb.  2,  1837 ;  moved  to  this 
country  and  Chicago  in  1864;  settled 
in  Earlville  in  1871.  He  was  married 
June  21,  1877,  to  Miss  Werkmeister,  of 
Earlville.  By  close  attention  to  busi- 
ness, and  determination  to  please,  he  has 
worked  up  a  fine  business. 

WALDO  L.  H.  farmer;  Sec.  23;  P. 
0.  Earlville. 

Warren  W.  far. ;  Sec.  10  ;  P.  0.  Almoral. 

Wasson  W.  mason  ;  Delaware. 

Weaver  H.  D.  clergyman ;  Delaware. 

Webb  John,  far. ;  Sec.  12  ;  P.  0.  Almoral. 

Webb  L.  far. ;  Sec.  12 ;  P.  0.  Delaware. 

Webb  T.  J.  P.  0.  Delaware. 

Webb  Wm.  farmer  ;  Sec.  12;  P.  0.  Dela- 
ware. 

WERKHEISTEB  F.  Furniture 
Business  ;  born  in  Baden,  Prussia,  in 
1829;  came  to  this  country  and  New 
York  in  1850;  to  Dubuque  in  1857; 
settled  in  Earlville  in  1872 ;  he  was 
married  in  1852  to  Miss  Judith  Web- 
ber ;  she  was  born  in  Prussia  in  1829  ; 
they  have  had  ten  children — Laura  W., 
born  June  6, 1853  ;  Caroline,  born  Sept. 
10,  1854  ;  John  B.,  born  Oct.  10, 1856  ; 
Charles,  Oct  10,  1856 ;  Emma,  Sept. 
19, 1857 ;  Elizabeth,  Oct.  29, 1859 ;  Ida, 
April  20,  1862;  John  B.,  April  25, 
1864  ;  Frank  J.,  in  Aug.,  1866  ;  Will- 
iam, Oct.  29,  1871.  Wm.,  John  B., 
Charles  and  Frank  J.,  died.  He  held 
the  office  of  School  Director  four  years. 

Westlake  E.  P.  laborer ;  P.  0.  Eailville. 

Westlake  Geo.  farmer;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

Wheeler  A.  retired  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

WHEEIiEB  M.  A.  MBS.  Pro- 
prietress Earlville  House ;  Earlville ; 
born  in  Greene  Co.,  N.  Y.,  March  30, 
1840 ;  she  moved  with  her  parents  to 
Walworth  Co.,  Wis.,  in  1850;  they 
came  to  Belvidere,  111.,  in  1852  ;  to  this 
State  and  county  in  1854;  she  was 
married  in  1864  to  Eugene  Wheeler, 
from  New  York  ;  he  had  two  sons  by 
his  first  wife — Spencer  W.,  born  March 
3,  1857 ;  Chauncey  E.,  Sept.  8,  1860. 
They  had  two  children — Etna,  born  Jan. 
3,  1866  ;  Frank  D.  born  Oct.  30,  1870  ;■ 
Etna  died  Aug.  6,  1869 ;  Mr.  Wheeler 
died  Jan.  30,  1876;  her  son,  Spencer 
W.,  assists  her  in  carrying  on  the  hotel ; 


HONEY  CREEK  TOWNSHIP. 


649 


Ghauncey  E.  is  employed  as  night  oper- 
ator for  the  I.  C.  R.  R.,  at  Manchester, 
Iowa. 
Wheelock  J.  E.  school  teacher,  Earlville. 
White  C.  T.  painter,  Earlville. 
WHITE    H.   B.    painter,  Earlville; 
born  in  Geauga  Co.,  Ohio,  Nov.  5, 1850 ; 
came  to  Iowa  and  McGrregor  in  1858  ; 
to  Delaware  Co.  and  this  township  in 
1866;  to  Earlville  in  18Y4.     Married 
in  1873  to  Miss  Matilda  Luekinbill  from 
Penn. ;    she   was   born  Nov.  4,   1852. 
Had  one  child,  Frankie  May,  born  May 
18,  1875.      Mr.  White  is  a  first-class 
workman  ;  he  makes  carriage  and  wagon 
work  a  specialty ;  does  some  house  paint- 
ing ;    painted    the  inside  work  of  the 
Congregational  Church. 
Williams  E.  W.  laborer ;    P.  0.  Earlville. 
WIIililAMS  GEORGE  G.  Har- 
ness  Maker,  Earlville;    born  Jan.   16, 
1825  ;   moved  to  De  Kalb  Co.,  111.,  in 
1840;    settled  in    Kingston   Township 
when  there  were  only  six  families  in  the 
township  ;    came  to  Iowa  and  Earlville 
in  1860.     He  was  married  in  1851  to 
Miss  A.  F.  Scott,  from  Ohio  ;  she  died 
in    1870.     He   was  married    to   Mrs. 
Blanche  Morse,  from  Virginia,  in  1872. 
They  have  had  two  children — Kate,  born 
Dec.  25,  1873  ;  George  Roy,  born  Feb. 
18,  1876.     He  held  the  office  of  Town 
Clerk   three  years;  Town  Trustee  two 
years ;  Assessor  one  year ;  School  Director 
six  years ;  he  kept  grocery  for  five  years ; 
proprietor  of  harness  shop  from  1869 
to  1877  ;  has  96  acres  of  land.  Sec.  35  ; 
carries  the  mail  to  Almoral  three  times 
per  week. 
Williams  J.  R.  clerk,  Earlville. 
Williamson  Z.  A.  tenant  far. ;  S.  4;  P.  0. 

Greeley. 
Wilson  M.  E.  laborer;  P.  0.  Earlville. 
WIlfSON  M.  E.  MBS.  Earlville; 
born  in   Orange  Co.,  N.  Y.,  July  28, 


1831 ;  she  was  married  Feb.  13,  1849, 
to  Mr.  William  Wilson,  from  Orange 
Co.,  N.  Y. ;  he  was  born  Oct.  14,  1822. 
They  came  to  this  State  and  Co.  in 
1854.  They  have  had  three  children, 
Mary  F.,  born  Oct.  24,  1850  ;  Merritt 
H.,  born  Dec.  7,  1855 ;  Mary  F.  was 
married  to  S.  W.  Orinna  Dec.  3,  1863. 
Mr.  Wilson  died  Dec.  5,  1877,  after 
sixteen  months  severe  sickness.  They 
are  among  the  earliest  settlers  of  the 
county  ;  he  was  a  stone  cutter  by  trade ; 
he  fallowed  farming  since  he  came  West. 
Wilson  Thos.  farmer ;  Sec.  9  ;  P.  0.  Al- 
moral. 

YOUNG  JOHX,  Blacksmith; 
Earlville ;  born  in  Germany,  Feb. 
4,  1849  ;  came  to  this  county  and  Du- 
buque in  1854.  Was  married  in  1870 
to  Miss  Amelia  Liebe,  from  Germany ; 
they  have  five  children — Frank  H., 
George,  John  H.,  Amelia,  Fred.  C.  Mr. 
Young  learned  his  trade  in  Dubuque. 
He  settled  in  Earlville  Oct.  10,  1872. 
He  has  been  in  partnership  with  A. 
Otto  in  manufacturing  of  wagons,  car- 
riages and  sleighs  since  1874.  Mr. 
Young  is  a  No.  1  workman. 
rVIBATH  M.  saloon  keeper;  Delaware. 

ZlfflMERMAlf  R.  Restaurant  and 
Billiard  Hall ;  Earlville ;  born  in  Baden, 
Germany,  March  25, 1834 ;  came  to  this 
country  and  Cleveland,  0.,  in  1854 ;  to 
Milwaukee,  Wis.,  1855  ;  to  Dubuque, 
1863;  settled  in  Earlville  in  1869.  Mar- 
ried in  1859  to  Miss  Catherine  Ternes, 
from  Prussia;  she  was  born  May  19, 
1833;  they  have  three  children— Louisa, 
bom  Feb.  2,  1860 ;  Augusta,  July  4, 
1863  ;  and  Clara,  March  3, 1839.  Mr. 
Z.  was  engaged  in  tailoring  eight  years 
in  Milwaukee,  six  years  in  Dubuque, 
five  years  in  Earlville. 
Zitzman  W.  far.;  S.  18;  P.  0.  Delaware. 


HONEY    CREEK    TOWNSHIP. 


ADAMS  L.  H.  farmer ;    Sec.  10  ;    P. 
0.  Edgewood. 
Adams    H.  P.  farmer ;    Sec.   10 ;    P.  0. 

Edgewood. 
Alcorn   A.  L.   farmer;    Sec.    3;    F.    U. 
Edgewood. 


Alcorn  J.  K.  farmer ;  Sec.  3  ;  P.  0. 
Edgewood. 

ALGEB  H.  B.  Farmer;  Sec.  1 ;  P. 
0  liUgewood  ;  was  born  m  Ontario  Oo., 
N  Y  Aug.  27,  1812.  Married  Ange- 
Une  Northrup,  Jan.  17,  1843  ;  she  was 


650 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


born  in  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  August  26, 
1823;  they  lived  in  Ontario  County 
until  1845,  when  they  emigrated  to  this 
county,  first  settling  on  his  present  farm 
of  230  acres,  valued  at  $7,000.  Myron, 
born  Feb.  22,  1844  ;  Eli,  Oct.  1,  1847, 
died  in  1864  ;  Ann  E.,  Jan.  20,  1854 ; 
Effie,  April  21,  1862,  are  their  children. 

Alger  M.  H.  far.;  S.  1  ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 

Annis  A.  far.;  Sec.  2;    P.  0.  Edgewood. 

Annis  H.  far.;  Sec.  2;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 

Avery  C.  lab.;  Sec.  34  ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

BAER  EDWARD,  farmtr;  Sec.  7; 
P.  0.  Edgewood. 
Barr  D.  far.;  Sec.  17  ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 
Barr  H.  far.;  Sec.  6 ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 
Barr  J.  C.  far.;  Sec.  7  ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 
Barr  James,  Sr.,  farmer ;    Sec.  7  ;    P.  0. 

BARR  JAMES  H.  Farmer;  Sec. 
6  ;  P.  0.  Edgewood ;  born  in  Ireland 
May  31,  1826;  emigrated  and  settled 
in  Canada  West,  where  he  remained  un- 
til 1855  ;  engaged  in  teaching  the  Nor- 
mal School. 

Barr  jM.  I.  far. ;  Sec.  7  ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

BARR  WILIilAM,  Farmer  ;  Sec. 
20 ',  P.  0.  Manchester  ;  born  in  Ireland 
Dec.  22,  1825  ;  came  to  Canada  in  1847, 
and  in  1849  he  emigrated  to  Kane  Co., 
III.,  remaining  five  years  ;  married  Ann 
Brunskill  Oct.  22, 1856  ;  she  died  April 
28,  1 873  ;  they  came  to  this  county  in 
Dec,  1856  ;  first  settling  in  this  town- 
ship ;  children  by  ^rst  marriage  are 
David  W.,  born  Jan.  1, 1858  ;  Mary  E., 
Feb.  4,  1860 ;  Lenora  A.,  Aug.  17, 
1862  ;  Charles  T.,  April  8,  1866;  mar- 
ried Mary  I.  Kezerta  Dec.  9,  1876  ;  she 
was  born  March  9,  1829;  Ida  A. 
Kezerta  (Mrs.  K.'s  daughter  by  first 
marriage)  was   born  Sept.  28,  1856. 

Bassee  H.  far. ;   Sec.  9  ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 

BENSON  J.  T.  Farmer;  Sec.  15  ;  P. 
0.  Manchester;  born  in  Cayuga  Co., 
N.  Y.,  May  25,  1833;  came  with  par- 
ents when  quite  young  to  Huron  Co., 
Ohio,  where  he  married  Louisa  Clark 
Oct.  10,  1855  ;  she  was  born  in  Huron 
Co.,  Ohio,  Nov.  18,  1835 ;  in  1856, 
they  emigrated  to  Clayton  Co.,  Iowa, 
and  settled  near  McGregor  ;  he  enlisted 
Aug.  15,  1862  in  Co.  E,  27th  Iowa  V. 
I. ;  engaged  in  battles  of  Pleasant  Hill, 
Tupelo,  Nashville,  Fort  Blakely  and 
others  ;  was  honorably  discharged  Aug. 


8, 1865  ;  in  1867,  he  settled  on  his  pres- 
ent, farm  of  ninety  acres ;  he  also  owns 
160  acres  land  in  Worth  Co.,  Iowa; 
both  farms  are  well  improved.  J.  C., 
born  Aug.  1,  1856 ;  Leonard  E.,  June 
17,  1860,  are  the  names  and  births  of 
their  children. 

BENSON  WIIililAM  R.  Farmer; 
Sec.  22 ;  P.  0.  Manchester ;  born  in 
Cayuga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  June  26,  1831 ;  he, 
with  his  parents,  emigrated  to  Huron 
Co.,  Ohio,  in  1833,  where  he  remained 
till  1854,  then  traveling  through  the 
West,  making  no  permanent  settlement, 
and  in  1862,  he  enlisted  in  Co.  G,  1st 
Regt.  Colorado  Riflemen  ;  he  engaged  in 
the  battles  of  Apatchacaman,  Pigeon 
Ranch,  Paralto,  and  was  honorably  dis- 
charged Oct.  21,  1865;  he  married 
Lucia  A.  Clark  Nov.  11,  1866.  She 
was  born  in  Huron  Co.,  Ohio,  Dec.  16, 
1836  ;  in  1867,  he  settled  on  his  present 
farm,    consisting  of   eighty-eight  acres, 

worth  $4,000;  Edith,    born  14, 

1867,  and  Eva  L.,  born  March  4,  1875, 
are  their  children  ;  Willis  Kight,  born 
Aug.  12,  1862,  is  her  son  by  first  mar- 
riage. 

Beroggman  John,  renter ;  Sec.  5 ;  P.  0. 
Edgewood.  * 

Blair  M.  E.  farmer ;  Sec.  17  ;  P.  0.  Man- 
ch  Gst  sr 

BlilSS  CliABK,  Farmer ;  Sec.  33  ; 
P.  0.  Manchester;  born  May  10,  1842, 
in  Winnebago  Co.,  111. ;  moved  to  Ste- 
phenson Co.  when  quite  young,  and  to 
this  county  in  the  Fall  of  1849  ;  married 
Miss  Helena  M.  Colvin  Nov.  24, 1863  ; 
she  was  born  in  N.  Y.  State,  June  25, 
1845  ;  has  four  children — Benjamin  E., 
born  May  11,  1865;  Ida  M.,  Dec.  l3, 
1867  ;  Carl  E.,  May  16,  1873  ;  his  fath- 
er died  April  19,  1864,  aged  75 
years ;  his  mother  was  struck  by 
lightning  and  instantly  killed  ;  he  owns 
125  acres,  valued  at  $2,200 ;  principal 
product,  small  grain  ;  he  is  a  Democrat. 

BLISS  GEO.  H.  Farmer;  S.  33; 
P.  0.  Manchester;  born  in  Erie  Co., 
Pa.,  June  28,  1835.  At  the  age  of  2 
years,  he  came  with  his  parents  to  Win- 
nebago Co.,  111.,  and  remained  there 
seven  years,  then  going  to  Kane  Co., 
111.,  and,  in  1849,  came  to  this  county 
and  settled  on  his  present  farm,  consist- 
ing of  47  acres,  well  improved,  worth 


HONEY  CREEK  TOWNSHIP. 


651 


$1,500.  He  married  Anna  Hempsted 
Sept.  28,  1856.  She  was  born  in  Chau- 
tauqua Co.,  N.  Y,,  Aug.  30,  1836. 
Alice  A.,  born  Nov.  29,  1858;  Charles 
C,  born  Aug.  4,  1861 ;  Edgar  B.,  born 
Jan.  18,  1869,  a]\e  their  children. 

BlilSlS  JOHX,  Farmer;  S.  28;  P. 
0.  Manchester ;  born  in  Erie  Co.,  Pa., 
Oct.  28,  1827  ;  came  with  parents  to 
Winnebago  Co.,  111.,  when  10  years  old, 
and  to  Stephenson  Co.,  where  he  re- 
mained till  1849,  when  he  moved  to 
this  county,  where  he  has  since  resided. 
Married  Miss  Mary  Martin  Nov.  14, 
]  850.  She  was  born  in  Champaign 
Co.,  0.,  July  2,  1831 ;  has  six  children 
living — Elizabeth,  born  July  5,  1851 ; 
Phoebe,  Dec.  23,  1852 ;  Mary  J.,  Oct. 
22,  1854;  Rosa,  Aug.  31,  1860;  Geo. 
W.,  Dec.  21,  1862;  Luella,  Jan.  24, 
18Y0.  Three  children  deceased — Ben- 
jamin, Rosalia  and  Leona,  all  dying  in 
infancy.  Owns  285  acres  of  land, 
which,  with  city  property,  is  valued  at 
$12,000.  Deals  largely  in  stock  ;  prin- 
cipal product,  corn ;  served  as  Constable 
ten  years  ;  is  a  Democrat. 

BOGGESS  ORDf  S.  Deceased; 
was  born  in  Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  April 
9,  1803;  March  6.  1832,  he  moved 
near  Syracuse,  N.  Y. ;  here  he  married 
his  second  wife,  who  now  survives  him, 
April  2,  1834;  he  was  Sheriff  and  Dep- 
uty Sheriff  of  Onondaga  Co. ;  emigrated 
in  1846  to  McHenry  Co.,  111. ;  in  1850, 
came  to  this  township,  where  he  died. 
His  wife,  Maria  Boggess,  resides  on  Sec. 
28,  where  she  owns  103  acres  of  land. 
Have  two  children  living.  P.  0.  ad- 
dress is  Manchester. 

Boynton  Wm.  C.  farmer;  Sec,  17  ;  P.  0. 
ftlsncliGStGr. 

Breed  Chas.  far. ;  S.  12  ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 

Bush  Frank,  farmer  ;  P.  O.  Edgewood. 

BrSH  SELiDOJir  F.  Farmer  ;  Sec. 
4  ■  P  0.  Edgewood ;  born  in  Herkimer 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  April  25,  1802  ;  in  1812  he 
moved  to  Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y. ;  he 
married  Florrina  Blackman  May  12, 
1825  ;  she  was  born  in  Oneida  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  Aug.  20,  1804 ;  she  died  March  10, 
1844.  He  married  Mary  Hempsted 
July  11,  1844 ;  she  was  born  in  Oneida 
Co  N.  Y.,  Feb.  5,  1814.  He  came  to 
this  county  in  1853,  settling  on  his 
present  farm,  consisting  of  150  acres. 


worth  $4,000.  Albert  Alva,  Loren, 
Florella  are  the  children  living  by  his 
first  marriage  ;  Lawrence,  Leander,  Fan- 
nie and  Frank  are  the  children  living 
by  second  marriage. 

ptHASEC.  E.far. ;  S.18;  P.  0.  Forest- 

\J     ville. 

CHASE  ELMER,  Farmer;  Sec. 
18 ;  P.  0.  Forestville ;  born  in  Rush- 
ford,  Allegany  Co.,  N.  Y.,  April  9, 
1831.  In  1849  he  settled  in  Cattarau- 
gus Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  he  married  Betsey 
Brown  May  31,1853;  she  was  born 
in  Edmeston,  Ostego  Co.,  N.  Y.,  March 
25,  1834  ;  he  emigrated  to  this  county 
and  settled  on  his  present  farm,  consist- 
ing of  140  acres,  in  1860;  farm  valued 
at  $5,000  ;  Charles  E.,  born  Oct.  10, 
1854 ;  Laura  Ella,  May  13, 1862  ;  Les- 
lie, Sept.  9,  1870,  are  the  names  and 
births  of  his  children. 

CIvARK  J.  H.  Farmer;  S.  35  ;  P. 
0.  Manchester;  owns  67  acres,  worth 
$2,500;  born  in  St.  Joseph  Co.,  Ind., 
Feb.  26,  1842  ;  came  to  this  county  in 
1853,  where  he  married  Esther  A- 
Howland  Jan.  5,  1865.  She  was  born 
in  Kendall  Co.,  111.,  Sept.  18,  1849. 
Their  children  are — Elmer  H.,  born 
Dec.  5,  1866 ;  Elvin  F.,  April  6,  1868 ; 
and  Elnora  A.,  June  22,  1873;  have 
lost  one  child — Ella  V.,  born  June  10, 
1869,  died  Aug.  10,  1877.  Mr.  C, 
like  other  pioneers,  has  undergone  many 
hardships ;  among  others,  he  relates  the 
following :  he,  with  his  father  and 
brother-in-law,  started  for  Delhi  Mill  in 
the  Winter  of  1856.  They  had  not 
gone  far,  when  his  father  fell  on  the  ice 
and  broke  his  hip.  They  brought  him 
back,  and  after  his  wound  was  dressed 
they  again  started  for  the  mill.  They 
soon  came  to  a  creek  which  was  not 
frozen  strong  enough  to  cross.  Their 
team  (of  oxen)  was  too  tired  to  return, 
so  they  stayed  by  the  creek  all  night. 
The  wolves  howled  around  them,  and 
they  came  near  freezing  to  death ;  but 
with  the  morning's  dawn  they  proceeded 
on  their  way. 
CLUGSTOW  WILLIAM,  Farm- 
er •  Sec  35  ;  P.  0.  Manchester ;  bom 
in  Cayuga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  4,  1804; 
they  emigrated  to  Appanoose  Co.,  Ohio, 
in  1814,  and  then  to  Union  Co.,  Ind., 
where  he  married  Margaret  David  June 


652 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY : 


10,  1827 ;  she  died  Sept.  17,  1835;  has 
four  children  from  first  wife — John,  born 
April  6,  1828;  Margaret,  Aug.  22, 
1829  ;  Rebecca  M.,  Aug.  22,  1831 ; 
Harriett  C,  June  6,  1835.  Married 
Phoebe  Heston  May  29,  1836  ;  she  was 
born  in  Greene  Co.,  Ohio,  Oct.  24, 1811 ; 
eight  children  by  second  marriage — 
Lydia,  April  30,  1837  ;  Hannah  J., 
Junel,  1838;  Luella,  Feb.  13,  1840; 
James,  Oct.  6,  1841  ;  Martha,  Dec.  4, 
1844;  Minerva,  Feb.  12,  1846;  Sarah, 
July  6,  1847  and  Nancy  A.,  Dec.  9, 
1853;  they  emigrated  to  this  county  in 
Aug.,  1855  ;  owns  245  acres  land  worth 
88,000  ;  Rep. ;  belongs  to  the  Christian 
Church. 

Clute  Chas.  far. ;  S.  5  ;    P.  0.  Edgewood. 

CI.UTE  JL.  O.  Farmer;  Sec.  35  ;  P. 
0.  Manchester ;  owns  247  acres,  worth 
$10,000  ;  born  in  Wyoming  Co.,  N.  Y., 
Oct.  8,  1836 ;  cam ;  to  Adams  Co., 
Wis.,  th«  Fall  of  1854,  and  to  this 
county  in  1855.  Married  Melissa  J. 
E.  Roe  Sept.  4,  1861  ;  she  was  born 
in  St.  Joseph  Co.,  Ind.,  Nov.  2,  1842  ; 
their  children  are — William  H.,  born 
Nov.  3.  1862 ;  Charles  A.,  born  Aug. 
29,1864;  Lewis  A.,  born  July  2, 1866; 
their  house  stands  on  the  first  80  acres 
entered  in  this  county ;  he  is  a  Repub- 
lican, and  his  family  are  members  of  the 
Christian  Church. 

Clute  R.  S.  H.  far.;  S.  5;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 

Coolidge  John,  far.;  S.  2 ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 

Coolid-e  Z.  G.  far.;  S.  12;  P.O.Edgewood. 

€OOIiIDG}£  JOHN  M.  Farmer; 
Sec.  12;  P.  0.  Edgewood,  Clayton  Co., 
Iowa ;  was  born  in  Honey  Creek,  Dela- 
ware Co.,  Iowa,  March  5,  1857 ;  he  is 
the  eldest  son  of  Zena  E.  Coolidge,  one  of 
the  old  settlers  of  that  township,  and 
one  who  has  takfen  a  lively  interest  in 
all  that  pertains  to  the  improvement  of 
the  county  in  which  he  lives. 

CooUdge  Lyman,  farmer;    -ec.  25  ;    P.  0. 

.    Grreeley. 

Coolidge  L.  B.  far.;  S.  11;  P.  0.  Edge- 
wood. 

Croyle  John,  laborer ;    P.  0.  Greeley. 

DRAKE  OLIVER,  renter ;    Sec.  30  ; 
P.  0.  Manchester. 
Durfey  B.   H.  creamery ;  Sec.  27  ;  P.  0. 

Manchester. 
Durfey  J.  H.  far.;    Sec.  16  ;    P.  0.  Man- 
cli  ester. 


DAVIS  CHAS.  B.  Farmer;  Sec. 
18  ;  P.  0.  Manchester ;  born  in  Mount 
Holly,  Vt.,  May  20,  1817  ;  in  1826,  he 
moved  to  Fall  River,  Mass.,  and  in  1837, 
went  to  Newport,  R.  I.;  here  he  mar- 
ried Mary  Barker,  in  March,  18.:17 ;  she 
was  born  in  Middletown,  R.  I.,  Nov. 
11,  1815  ;  they  emigrated  to  this  county 
and  settled  in  Colony  Township  in  April, 
1861,  and  in  February,  1877,  he  settled 
on  his  present  farm,  consisting  of  87? 
acres,  worth  $2,000.  Charles,  Emeline, 
Orren  and  Edward  are  their  living  chil- 
dren. 

Davis  Oren,  far. ;  S.  19 ;  P.  O.  Manchester. 

De  Bell  0.  far.;  S.  16 ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

De  Bell  C.  far.;  S.  16;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

EATON  J.  B.  farmer;  Sec  11 ;  P.  0. 
Edgewood. 

EATOX  J.  J.  farmer;  Sec.  13;  P.  0. 
Edgewood  ;  born  in  Erie  Co.,  Pa.,  July 
17,  1840 ;  came  with  his  parents  to 
this  county  in  1857,  first  settling  on  his 
present  farm,  consisting  of  110  acres, 
worth  $3,500;  he  enlisted  in  Co.  F, 
12th  I.  V.  I.,  in  October,  1861,  was  at 
Fort  Donelson,  Vicksburg,  and  was 
taken  prisoner  at  the  battle  of  Shiloh, 
and  confined  in  Montgomery  prison, 
Georgia,  and  after  six  months  was  ex- 
changed ;  was  honorably  discharged 
Dec.  3,  1864.  Married  Frances  Cool- 
edge  Feb.  8,  1865;  she  was  born  in 
Boone  Co.,  Ill,  Oct.  20,  1848;  have 
three  children — Orlando  M.,  born  Dec. 
31,  1866  ;  Abner,  born  Aug.  23, 1868  ; 
Almeda,  born  Aug.  23,  1870. 

Eaton  L.  far. ;  Sec.  14  ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 

Eaton  Timothy,  far. ;  Sec.  11,  P.  0.  Edge- 
wood. 

Ede  R.  T.  far. ;  Sec.  1 ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 

Ecker  G.  A.  far. ;  Sec.  10 ;  P.  0.  Edge- 
wood. 

Edmonds  J.  H.  Jr.  far. ;  Sec.  25  ;  P.  0. 
Greeley. 

Edmonds  J.  H.  farmer;  Sec.  25 ;  P.  0. 
Greeley. 

EDMONDS  JOEL  S.  Farmer; 
Sec.  36  ;  P.  O.  Greeley ;  born  in  Oswego 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  May  2,  1828 ;  he  married 
Phoebe  Albee.  May  3,  1850 ;  she  was 
born  in  Oswego  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  25, 
1828  ;  they  came  to  this  county  in  June 
1868,  first  settling  in  Honey  Creek 
Township.  Mary  Rosette,  born  July 
25,  1852,  and  John  J.,  born  Oct.  15, 


HONEY   CREEK  TOWNSHIP. 


1856,  are  names  and  births  of  their  chil- 
dren. Mr.  E.  owns  eighty  acres  of  land 
in  Calhoun  Co.,  Iowa,  worth  $1,000 

KliDRIDGE  J.  E.  Farmer;  Sec.' 6; 
P.  0.  Edgewood ;  born  in  St.  Lawrence 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  May  15, 1836  ;  he  emigrated 
with  his  parents  and  settled  on  his  pres- 
ent farm  in  June,  1856;  he  married 
Augusta  Pitzsimmons  Dec.  4,  1857 ; 
she  was  born  in  Orleans  Co.,  Vt.,  Sept' 
20,  1841.  Alice  ¥.,  born  Jan.  6,  1864, 
and  Charles  P.,  Sept.  2,  1871,  are  the 
names  and  births  of  their  children.  Mr. 
B.  enlisted  in  Co.  P  of  12th  la.  V.  I. 
Sept.  12,  1861  ;  engaged  in  battles  of 
Ft.  Donelson,  Shiloh,  Siege  of  Vicks- 
burg.  Hood's  defeat  at  Nashville  and 
others;  was  honorably  discharged  Jan. 
20,  1866. 

Elkins  J.  H.  renter ;  Sec.  12  ;   P.  0.  Edge- 
wood. 
FAIRWEATHER   ROBT.   hotel  in 
Edgewood. 

Fishell  Robt.  far. ;  Sec.  36 ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Fishell  S.  C.  renter;  Sec.  9:  P.  0.  Edge- 
wood. 

Fitch  R.  0.  farmer ;  Sec.  35  ;  P.  0.  Man- 
chester. 

FOWIiEK  J.  T.  Farmer ;  Sec.  36  ; 
P.  0.  Greeley ;  born  in  Sangamon  Co., 
EL,  Feb.  20,  1843 ;  came  to  Dubuque 
Co.,  la.,  when  5  months  old,  and  to 
this  county  in  1864;  enlisted  July  28, 
1861,  in  the  9th  la.  V.  I.,  Co.  J ;  was 
with  Sherman  in  his  march  to  the  sea  ; 
honorably  discharged  Sept.  24,  1864 ; 
married  Rosa  Edmonds  Oct.  8,  1873, 
who  was  born  in  Oswego  Co.,  N.  Y., 
July  25,  1852  ;  their  children  are  Her- 
man E.,  born  Aug.  7,  1874,  and  James 
B.Aug.  23,  1876. 

Fowler  W.  N.  far.  ;  S.  24 ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Frentress  E.  P.  far. ;  Sec.  27  ;  P.  0.  Man- 
chester. 

FBENTBESS  FREDERICK 
N.  Farmer  ;  Sec.  23  ;  P.  0.  Greeley ; 
born  in  Jo  Daviess  Co.,  111.,  March  29, 
1835,  making  his  home  there  till  1870, 
then  settling  where  he  now  lives ;  owns 
165  acres  of  land,  worth  17,000;  he 
enlisted  in  Co.  H,  1st  California  V.  C, 
April  26,  1863;  he  married  Frances  V. 
Hall  Nov.  13,  1868;  she  was  born  in 
Grant  Co.,  Wis.,  March  9,  1848 ;  have 
five  children  living — Emsley  H.,  born 
Aug.  14,    1869;    Nellie   E.,  June  24, 


655 


1871 ;  Albert  B.,  Got.  22,  1872  ;  Dia. 
damia   A.,  March  26,  1874 ;  Sabra  D 
April  2,  1876. 

FRENTREISS  JOHXB.  Far.; 
S.  27;  P.  0.  Manchester;  born  in  Jo  Da- 
viess Co.,  111.,  Feb.  18,  1829.  In  1850, 
he  moved  to  California,  where  he  was 
engaged  in   the  mining  business  until 

1854,  when  he  returned  to  his  native 
county.  In  1860,  he  emigrated  to  this 
county,  first  settling  on  his  present 
farm,  consisting  of  350  acres  of  land, 
which  he  values  at  $18,000,  and  on 
which  he  has  made  the  best  of  improve- 
ments.    Married  Leona  Mead  Sept.  2, 

1855.  She  was  born  in  St.  Clair  Co., 
May  14,  1834.  Bleazer  P.,  born  June 
22,  1856  ;  Oscar  P.,  born  May  8,  1859 ; 
Jennie,  born  April  1,  1861 ;  Josephine, 
born  Jan.  15,  1§64 ;  John  K.,  born 
March  14,  1867,  are  their  living  chil- 
dren. Leona,  born  Dec.  26, 1857,  died 
Aug.  26,  1858 ;  Charles,  born  Feb.  28, 
1870,  died  Aug.  26,  1870. 

FREXTREiSIS  WM.  M.  Parmer; 
S.  34;  P.  0.  Manchester;  born  in  Jo 
Daviess  Co.,  111.,  Dec.  12,  1837 ;  came 
to  this  county  in  1866.  Married  Miss 
Mary  V.  Hull  Oct.  31,  1865.  She 
was  born  in  Hampshire  Co.,  Vt.,  July 
3,  1847 ;  has  four  children  living — 
Henry  N.,  born  April  16,  1867  ;  Lucy, 
A.,  July  26, 1869 ;  Prank  L.,  March  3, 
1872;  Carrie  A.,  June  6,  1874.  Owns 
180  acres,  valued  at  $5,000  ;  principal 
product  corn  and  small  grain  ;  is  a  Re- 
publican. 

Punk  John,  far. ;  S.  3  ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 

Funk  Joseph,  far.;  S.  3  ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 

r^  IFFORD,  D.  H.  lab.;  S.  2;  P.  0. 

Vlir     Edgewood. 

Gilford  W.  H.  lab. ;  S.  2 ;  Edgewood. 

GRAHAII  JOHN  F.  Farmer;  S. 
17  ;  P.  0.  Manchester  ;  born  in  Pioton 
City,Nova Scotia, Sept.  12, 1847.  Heem- 
igrated  to  this  county  with  his  parents  in 
1858,  and  settled  on  his  present  farm, 
consisting  of  130  acres  of  the  old 
homestead,  worth  $4,000.  He  married 
Ardelle  VVarnock  June  12,  1874.  She 
was  born  in  Grant  Co.,  Wis.,  Nov.  2, 
1850.  They  are  members  of  the  M.  E. 
Church.  May  D.,  born  June  12, 1 876, 
is  their  only  child.     Republican. 

Graham  W.  E.  far.;  Sec.  17;  P.  0.  Man- 
chester. 

6 


656 


DIKECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


Griffith  E.  wagon  maker  at  York,  P.  0. 

Edgewood. 
Grow  C.  A.  far. ;  Sec.  26;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

HAM  A.N  L'.  P.  farmer;   Sec.  10;  P., 
0.  Edgewood. 

Hamman  W.  far. ;  S.  3  ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 

Harman  L.  P.  far. ;  S.  15 ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 

Hatfield  N.  far. ;  Sec.  12  ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 

Hatfield  M.  far.;  S.  12  ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 

Heyer  John, far. ;  S.31  ;  P.O.  Manchester. 

Hill  E.  H.  far  ;  Sec.  12  ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 

Hill  Francis,  far.;  S.  12;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 

Hitchcock  G.  N.  famer;'  Sec.  28;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 

Hitchcock  K.  A.  farmer ;  Sec.  28 ;  P.  O. 
Manchester. 

HITCHCOCK  R.  G.  Farmer;  Sec. 
28 ;  P.  0.  Manchester ;  born  in  Or- 
leans Co.,  Vt.,  Oct.  17,  1823;  in  1843 
he  moved  to  Jefierson  Co.,  N.  Y.,  and 
in  184t)  went  to  New  Haven,  Conn. 
Married  Lucy  E.  Nelson  April  29, 
1849  ;  she  was  born  in  Warrensburg, 
Warren  Co.,  N.  Y.,  .iug.  24,  1822. 
They  moved  to  Jefferson  Co.,  N.  Y., 
and  March  19,  1855,  emigrated  to 
Dubuque  Co.,  Iowa,  and  in  1863  he 
came  to  this  Co.,  settling  on  his  present 
farm  of  180  acres,  valued  at  86,000. 
Esther  C,  born  April  7,  1850  ;  George 
N.,  Dec.  20,  1851 ;  Rienzi  A.,  Nov.  12, 
1853;  Florence  J.,  Sept.  30,  1856; 
Ediih  E.,  Sept.  30,  1859  ;  Charles  A., 
Dec.  2,  1861;  Laura,  July  10',  1868, 
are  their  children. 

Holcomb  0.  far. ;  Sec.  6  ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 

Hubbell  A.  D.  far.;  S.  14 ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Hubbell  Lewis,  far.;  S.  14;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Hubbell  Lyman,  renter;  Sec.  31 ;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 

Hubbell  S.  V.  far.;  S.  25  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Huene  0.  B.  farmer ;  Sec.  6  ;  P.  0.  Edge- 
wood. 

TNGERSOL  J.  H.  farmerj;  Sec.  12;  P. 

JL     0.  Greeley. 

JAMES  HENRY,  farmer  ;  Sec.  8  ;  P. 
0.  Edgewood. 

James  T.  J.  far.;  Sec.  5  ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 

Jarrard  E.  rent.;  S.  17  ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

JOHXISOX  WAMiACE,  Farm- 
er; Sec.  22  ;  P.  0.  Manchester;  born 
in  Erie  Co.,  N.  Y.,  April  13,  1827. 
He  married  Sophronia  Harwood  Nov. 
18, 1848  ;  she  was  born  Sept.  16, 1826, 
and  died  Feb.  12,  1871.  They  settled 
in    this   township   in    1856.     Stephen, 


Edwin,  Hiram  and  Monroe  are  their 
children.  He  married  his  second  wife, 
Susan  Butler,  Jan.  1 ,  1872  ;  she  was 
born  in  Cortland  Co.,  N.  Y.,  July  4, 
1827.  Her  youngest  son,  Alvin,  by 
first  husband,  resides  with  them. 

KEITH  G.  W.  farmer ;    Sec.  30  ;    P. 
0.  Manchester. 
Kellogg  C.  lab.;  S.  23 ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

LASH  H.  renter;  Sec.  15;  P.  0. 
Edgewood. 

Lash  John,  far.;   Sec.  9;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 

Lathrop  Ellis,  far.;  S.  15 ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 

I> ATHBO P  W I  li  li  I  AM  H. 
Parmer;  Sec.  15;  P.  0.  Edgewood; 
born  in  Hampden  Co.,  Mass.,  April  22, 
1808.  With  his  parents  he  moved  to^ 
Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y.,  at  the  age  of  10 
years,  and  at  21  years  old  he  moved  t* 
Erie  County,  N.  Y.  Here  he  married 
Louisa  Hatch  April  1,  1834  ;  she  was- 
born  in  Orange,  Vt.,  Jan.  1,  1801.  Mr. 
L.  came  to  this  county  at  an  early  day, 
settling  on  his  present  farm  of  101  acres, 
valued  at  $4,000.  Children— Nancy 
E.,  born  Jan.  22,  1835 ;  William  H., 
Jan.  14,  1837  ;  Samuel  H.,  May  12, 
1839;  George  B.,  Dec.  25,  1842; 
Charles  R.,  March  19, 1847  ;  Alfred  B. 
July  19,  1849;  E.  M.,  Oct.  2,  1851; 
Lucy  E.,  Oct.  23,  1840,  and  died  June 
9,  1842;  Jonathan,  born  Oct.  9,  1844, 
and  died  April  1,  1846. 

Lewis  R.  far. ;  Sec.  34  ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Loban  A.  far. ;  S.  22  ;    P.  0.  Manchester. 

Loban  W.  S.far. ;  S.  22  ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

MCCORMICK  J.  farmer;  Sec.  31; 
P.  0.  Manchester. 

McGarvey  A.  farmer  ;  S.  3  ;  P.  0.  Edge- 
wood. 

McGARVEY  ANDREW  N. 
Farmer  ;  Sec.  4  ;  P.  0.  Edgewood  ;  born 
Chenango  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  16,  1843 ; 
in  same  year,  his  parents  emigrated  to 
Dubuque  Co.,  Iowa,  where  they  remained 
until  1853  ;  then  settling  in  this  county, 
he  married  Alice  Farr  Sept.  16,  1874  •, 
she  was  born  in  De  Kalb  Co.,  111.  Dec. 
25,  1849. 

McKee  A.  D.  farmer  ;  S.  16  ;  P.  0.  Man- 
chester. ' 

McKEE  APPLETON  C.  Farm- 
er; Sec.  19;  P.  0.  Manchester;  borm 
in  Sackett's  Harbor,  Jefferson  Co.,  N. 
$■.,  Aug.  24,1830;  in  1848,  he  emi- 
grated to  this  State  and  settled  in  Jack- 


HONEY   CREEK  TOWNSHIP. 


657 


son  Co.,  and  the  same  year,  going  to 
Dubuque  Co.,  and  settling  near  Tivoli ; 
he  married  Luzina  H.  Smith  Oct.  17, 
1855  ;  she  was  born  in  Marion,  Wayne 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  13,  1835  ;  in  1866, 
they  came  to  this  county,  where  he  has 
made  it  his  home  since.  Clara,  born 
Nov.  16,  1856;  Edward,  Feb.  26, 
1858;  Ella,  Sept.  4,  1860;  Dora,  Sept. 
19,  1863  ;  Lillie  May,  Feb.  28,  1869  ; 
Clark  A.,  Feb.  4,  1871 ;  Watson  S., 
April  8, 1876,  are  their  children. 

fflcKEE  TRUMAIV  R.  Farmer; 
Sec.  20 ;  P.  0.  Manchester ;  born  in 
Jefferson  Co.,  N.  Y.,  May  17,  1828  ;  in 
1856,  he  emijirated  to  this  State,  first 
settling  in  Dubuque  Co.,  and  in  1859, 
he  came  to  this  county,  settling  on  his 
present  farm  of  120  acres,  worth  $6,- 
000  ;  married  Frances  Jarrad  Jan.  1, 
1857  ;  she  was  born  in  Erie  Co.,  Pa., 
June  7,  1835.  Mr.  McKee  enlisted  in 
the  12th  la.  V.  I.,  as  Drum  Major,  in 
1861,  and  was  in  the  battles  of  Donel- 
son  and  Shiloh,  and  was  discharged  after 
the  last-named  battle  His  father,  Mar- 
vin McKee,  was  born  Dec.  14,  1794;  in 
Connecticut,  and  died  Jan.  12,  1865 ; 
his  mother  was  barn  Jan.  14,  1796,  in 
Vermont,  and  died  April  9,  1863. 

Madison  W.  C.  far.  ;  Sec.  2  ;  P.  0.  Edge- 
wood. 

MAENWEIi  HENRY,  Farmer; 
Sec.  32;  P.  0.  Manchester;  born  in 
Philadelphia  July  10,  1845,  where  he 
was  engaged  with  his  father  in  the  silk 
importing  trade;  in  1874,  he  emigrated 
to  Woodbury  Co.,  Iowa,  where  he  re- 
mained until  1876  ;  June  6,  1876,  mar- 
ried Jane  Martin,  who  was  born  in  Del- 
aware Co.,  Iowa,  Jan.  15,  1854.  He 
settled  on  his  present  farm  in  October, 
1877.  Elsie  A.,  born  April  19,  1877, 
is  their  only  child. 

MAI^IiORY  AliVADOR  H. 
Farmer;  Sees.  18  and  19  ;  P.  0.  For- 
estville  ;  born  in  Allegany  Co.,  N.  Y., 
May  17,  1829 ;  in  February,  1838,  he 
came  with  his  parents  and  settled' m 
Clayton  Co.,  Iowa,  where  he  married 
Kebecca  M.  Cuppett,  March  24,1853  ; 
she  was  born  in  Bedford  Co.,  Pa.,  May 
10  1835.  Mary  E.,  born  Feb.  8, 1854  ; 
David  L.,born  Jan.  1, 1856  ;  Henry  H., 
Feb  20,  I860;  William  A.,  Feb.  10, 
1862;    Andrew   J.,    July   19,   1864; 


Grant  T.,  July  9,  1866,  and  Ammie  E., 
Aug.  2,  1869,  are  the  names  and  births 
of  their  children.  They  settled  on  their 
present  farm  in  the  Spring  of  1870  ■  it 
consists  of  160  acres,  worth  15,000. 
Eepublican  ;  himself  and  wife  belon-'  to 
the  M.  E.  Church. 

MARTIN  GEORGE  W.  Farmer ; 
8ec.  26  ;  P.  0.  Manchester ;  born  in 
Champaign  Co.,  Ohio,  May  22,  1838; 
in  1845,  he,  with  his  parents,  emigrated 
to  this  county,  settling  on  his  present 
farm  of  470  acres;  well  improved, 
worth  $18,000.  His  father  was  born 
in  Clark  Co.,  Virginia,  May  16,  1800. 
His  mother  was  born  in  Franklin  Co., 
Virginia,  on  South  Branch  of  Potomac 
River,  near  the  foot  of  the  A.lleghany 
Mountains,  May  8,  1801.  His  father 
died  recently.  His  mother  is  still  liviog, 
and  many  incidents  relative  to  the  early 
settlers  of  this  county  are  related  by 
her  and  for  which  the  historian  is  in- 
debted. Mr.  Geo.  W.  M.  was  married 
to  Mary  Ann  Scribin  Nov.  10,  1860  ; 
have  four  children  living — Mary  B,., 
born  Sept.  27,  1861 ;  Ulysses,  Nov.  14, 
1863  ;  Lillian,  Jan.  17,  1865  ;  Geo.  S., 
Nov.  15,  1876.  Lost  one  child,  died 
in  infancy. 

MARTIN  JAMES,  Farmer;  Sec. 
32  ;  P.  0.  Manchester  ;  born  in  Cham- 
paign Co.,  Ohio,  July  11,  1826;  came 
to  this  county  with  his  parents  in  the 
Fall  of  1845 ;  married  Mary  Ann  LeLa- 
cheur  July  24,  1851.  She  was  born 
in  Prince  Edward's  Island  May  22, 
1828;  has  five  children  living — Wm. 
H.,  born' April  22,  1852;  Jennie  E., 
Jan.  15,  1854;  Windsor,  Dec.  17, 
1855;  Delevan,  March  19,  1858; 
Nancy  A.,  May  14,  1860 ;  owns  200 
acres,  valued  at  $7,000  ;  has  held  the 
office  of  School  Director  for  ten  years  ; 
is  a  Eepublican. 

Martin  Windsor,  farmer ;  Sec.  32  ;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 

Martin  Wm.  farmer ;  Sec.  28 ;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 

Mason   P.  far.;  S.  3 ;  P.  0.   Edgewood. 

Mellen  H.  H.  farmer;  Sec.  4 ;  P.  U. 
Edgewood. 

Mellen  M.far,;  S.  4;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 

Miller  A.  farmer;- Sec.  17;  P.  0.  Edge- 
wood.  „     ,, 

Miller   J.  far. ;  S.8;  P.    0.    Manchester. 


658 


DIKECTOEY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


Minkler  D.  C.  farmer  ;  Sec.  10  ;  P.  0. 
Edgewood. 

Minkler  R.  fanner;  Sec.  10;  P.  0, 
Edgewood. 

Morris  C.  fanner ;  Sec.  16  ;  P.  0.  Man- 
cliBstGr. 

^^ICHULS   B.  farmer;  Sec.    18;  P. 

_1^       0.  Manchester. 

Nichols,  N.  farmer ;  Sec.  18  ;  P.  0.  Man- 
ehester. 

NICHOIiS  N.  R.  Deceased ;  born  in 
Utica,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  16, 1824  ;  in  1844 
he  moved  to  Huron  Co.,  Ohio;  he 
graduated  at  Oberlin  College,  after 
which  he  taught  school,  and  at  the  same 
time  studied  for  the  ministry;  his 
health  failing  compelled  him  to  abandon 
this  calling ;  married  Mary  Nichols  Aug. 
20, 1849,  who  was  born  in  Chautauqua 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  3,  1830  ;  they  emi- 
grated to   this  county,  and  March  13, 

1857,  settled  on  their  present  farm  in 
Sec.  18,  consisting  of  140  acres,  and 
where  Mr.  N.  died  March  15,  1864. 
Newell  A.,  born  March  31,  1851  ;  Eu- 
gene L.,  Feb.  -n.  1.853;  May,  Dec.  16, 

1858,  are  the  living  children.  Charles, 
born  Dec.  8,  1860,  and  died  March  18, 
1862  ;  Hattie,  born  Feb.  14,  1862,  died 
July  24,  1863.  The  P.  0.  address  is 
Manchester. 

Noble  B.  far. ;  Sec.  1 ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 

IWOBIiE  DERASTUS  J.  Far.; 
Sec.  1  ;  P.  0.  Edgewood  ;  born  in  Ontario 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  March  29,  1826;  emigrated 
with  parents  to  this  county  in  1845, 
settling  on  his  present  farm  of  220  acres 
valued  at  $8,000  ;  married  Eliza  J. 
Rees  July  20,  1851  ;  she  was  born  in 
Monroe  Co.,  Pa.,  July  18,  1 830.  Eliza, 
born  April  8,  1852 ;  Lolee,  Dee.  4, 
1855  ;  Jessie  R.,  Feb.  14, 1857  ;  Hattie, 
Feb.  26,  1862  ;  Mary,  Aug.  2,  1874; 
a  pair  of  twins  died  in  infancy.  His 
father  is  now  81  years  old  and  blind  ; 
resides  with  his  son. 

mrOBLE  O.  E.  Farmer;  Sec.  1  ;  P.  0. 
Edgewood  ;  born  in  Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y., 
Feb.  5,  1828  ;  in  1845,  he,  with  his 
parents,  emigrated  to  this  county,  settling 
where  he  now  lives,  on  a  farm  of  140 
acres  worth  $4,500  ;  married  Hannah 
Kellon  Sept.  13,  1859.  She  was  born 
in  Livingston  Co.,  N.  Y.,  May  19, 1836. 
Mr.  Noble  has  been  the  Surveyor  of 
this  township  for  the    past  six  years. 


Has  held  the  office  of  Justice  of  the 
Peace.  Ben.  T.,  born  Jan.  10,  1861  ; 
S.  J.,  April  28,  1868 ;  Carrie  May, 
Jan.  8,  1872 ;  Charles  A.,  April  20. 
1863,  died  June  5,  1864  ;  Bertie  E.', 
April  20, 1865,  died  June  25,  1866. 

Noble  T.  farmer ;  Sec.  24  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

PARKER  WILIilAlI,  Farmer ; 
Sec.  20  ;  P.  0.  Manchester ;  born  in 
Canada,  May  13,  1828.  In  1844,  he 
emigrated  to  Lee  Co.,  111.,  and  in  1855 
to  this  county,  and  settled  on  his  present 
farm  consisting  of  160  acres,  worth 
$6,000.  He  married  Lucretia  T.  Lara- 
bee  March  13,  1858  ;  she  was  born  in 
Bradford  Co.,  Pa.,  Dec.  8,  1840  ;  they 
are  both  members  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 
Francis  M.,  born  Feb.  24, 1859,  is  their 
only  child. 

PAULI  JOSEPH,  farmer  ;  Se'c.  3  ;  P. 
0.  Edgewood. 
Peet  C.  T.  farmer ;  S.  2 ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 
Peet  T.  B.  far.;  S.  12;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 
Peet  S.  R.  far. ;  Sec.  2  ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 
Peet  8.  far. ;  Sec.  2  ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 
Phelps  J.  renter  ;  S.  9  ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 
PliATT     SEYMOUR,     Parmer; 

Sec.  29 ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 
Pogue  James,  far. ;  S.  9  ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 
Pratt  L.  A.  renter  ;  S.  10 ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 

ROBERTSON  J.  B.  farmer ;  Sec.  32  ; 
P.  0.  Manchester. 

REID  J.  H.  Farmer  ;  Sec.  34  ;  P.  0. 
Manchester ;  born  in  Clarion  Co.,  Pa., 
March  9,  1847  ;  came  to  Jefferson  Co., 
Pa.,  with  parents,  at  the  age  of  4  years ; 
came  to  this  county  and  settled  at  Delhi 
in  the  Spring  of  1860;  married  Miss 
Lydia  J.  Lee  Oct.  28,  1866  ;  has  three 
children— J.  M.,  born  Sept.  16,  1867  ; 
Prudence  H.,  Dec.  9,  1868;  Wm.  P., 
March  4,  1871  ;  enlisted  in  1862  in  Co. 
—  21st  I.  V.  I. ;  participated  in  the 
battles  of  Fort  Fisher,  Magnolia  Hill, 
charge  at  Black  River,  charge  at  seige  of 
Vicksburg,  and  was  mustered  out  June 
15,  1865." 

Robison  Jas.  H.far.;  S.  15  ;  P.O.  Greeley. 

Robison  John,  far. ;  S.  22  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Robison  J.  P.  farmer ;  Sec.  23  ;  P.  0. 
Greeley. 

Rodka  Chas.  far. ;  Sec.  9  ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 

Rodka  F.  laborer ;  S.  9  ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 

Ryan  Henry,  far. ;  S.  10  ;  P.O.  Edgewood. 

SCHACHERER  J.  farmer;  Sec.  3  ;  P 
0.  Edgewood. 


HONEY  CREEK  TOWNSHIP. 


659 


Schacherer  John,  far.  ;  S.  3  ;  P.  0.  Edge- 
wood. 

Schmock  John,  renter ;  Sec.  29  ;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 

Scovill  N.  S.far.  ;  S.  4 ;   P.  0.  Edeewood. 

SCBIVEW  JOHN,    Parmer;    Sec. 

ftij|22 ;  P.  0.  Manchester ;  horn  in  Brad- 
ford Co.,  Pa.,  June  7,  1834.  In  1850, 
he  emigrated  with  parents  and  settled  in 
Lee  Co.,  111.,  and  in  1853,  he,  with 
parents,  settled  in  Richland  Tp.  of  this 
county,  where  he  married  Rosella  Bliss 
May  17,  1857.  She  was  born  in  Win- 
nebago Co.,  111.,  March  16,  1840. 
Charles  C,  born  January  29,  1859,  is 
their  only  living  child.  Have  two 
children  deceased — Stephen  A.,  born 
March  8,  1862,  and  died  Dec.  12, 1863 ; 
Minnie  P.,  born  March  7,  1874,  and 
died  January  31,  1878.  Her  mother 
was  born  April  27,  1804,  and  was  struck 
by  lightning  and  instantly  killed  March 
25,  1852. 

Seward  G.  W.,  far.;  Sec.  11 ;  P.  O.  Edge- 
wood. 

Sharp  Eobt.,  far.;  Sec.  9  ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 

Sheldon  F.  J.,  laborer;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Shultz  H.,  far.;   Sec.  9 ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 

Shultz  J.,  far. ;  .Sec.  9  ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 

Smith  A.  ■W.,far.;  Sec.  11  ;P.O.  Edgewood. 

Smith  D.,  far.;  Sec.  4  ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 

Smith  D.,  farmer;  Sec.  13;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Smith  H.,  farmer  ;  Sec.  13  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

SDrOYEB  OEORC^E  S.,  Parmer; 
Sec.  22,  P.  0.  Manchester;  born  in 
Sussex  Co.,  N.  J.,  Aug.  1,  1830. 
In  the  Fall  of  1851,  he  moved  to  Lu- 
zerne Co.,  Pa.;  married  Delilah  Smith 
Oct.  15,  1853.  She  was  born  in 
Luzerne  Co.,  Pa.,  Sept.  30,  1837.  In 
1856,  they  emigrated  to  Clayton,  la.,  , 
and  after  nine  years  came  to  this  county, 
settling  on  his  present  farm  of  200  acres, 
worth  18,000.  Hulda  J.,  born  Sept.  6, 
1856;  John  W.,  January  30,  1860; 
George,  Feb.  26,  1864;  William  B., 
Aug.  2,1866;  Harriet,  L.,  Sept.  30, 
1868.  Three  of  their  children  died 
when  quite  young. 
Steele  H.  G.  laborer ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 
Steele  0.  S.  laborer ;  P.  O.  Edgewood. 
Steele  R.  A.  far. ;  S.  1 ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 
STEEIiE  R.  N.  Retired  Farmer; 
Edgewood  ;  born  in  Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y., 
Oct  8,  1815,  where  he  married  Ehza- 
beth  A.  Alger  Oct.  8,  1837.     She  was 


born  April  27,  1816  ;  have  four  children 
living— John  N.,  born  Aug.  3,  1838; 
Josiah,born  Oct.  2, 1847  ;  Martha  Jane, 
born  Aug.,  18,  1849 ;  Ralsa  A.,  bom 
Aug.  2, 1853.  Have  lost  four  children 
— Elizabeth,  born  Nov.  28,  1839,  died 
July  9,  1872  ;  Hiram  E.,  born  May  22, 
1842,  died  Nov.  8,  1872 ;  Marcus  C, 
born  June  12,  1845,  died  July  13, 
1846,  and  one  child  died  in  infancy. 
Mr.  S,  is  the  oldest  old  settler  in  the 
township,  coming  to  this  county  in  1843, 
and  settled  on  the  farm  which  he  now 
owns  on  S.  1,  in  this  township,  consist- 
ing of  200  acres,  worth  18,000.  Re- 
publican. His  wife  is  a  member  of  the 
Congregational  Church.  Hiram  E. 
Steele  was  a  member  of  Co.  C,  First 
Battalion  i3th  U.  S.  Inf.,  under  Gen. 
Sherman.  Engaged  in  the  battles  of 
Chickasaw  Bayou,  Arkansas  Post,  Black 
Bayou,  Champion  Hill,  Black  River, 
siege  of  Vicksburg,  Jackson,  Mission 
Ridge,  Collierville. 

Steers  C.  C.  blacksmith;   Edgewood. 

Stortz  J.  renter  ;  S.  26  ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Stortz  L.  S.  rtr. ;  S.  26 ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Stortz,  T.  P.  rtr. ;  S.  26  ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Stortz  W.  M.  rtr. ;  S.  26 ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Strong  A.  A.  far. ;   S.  14;   P.  0.  Greeley. 

TAYLOR  P.  renter.;  S.  11 ;  P.  0. 
Edgewood. 

Tellyer  S.  E.  far. ;  S.  10;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 

Tillett  D.  renter;  S.  27 ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Tilletn  Geo. far.;  S.  30;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

THORNBURG  D.  H.  Parmer ;  Sec. 
31  ;  P.  0.  Manchester  ;  born  in  Cham- 
paign Co.,  Ohio,  July  12,  1819  ;  moved 
to  this  county  in  1841 ;  married  Miss 
Nancy  A.  Martin  April  4,  1844;  she 
was  born  July  1,  1828,  in  Champaign 
Co.,  Ohio;  has  four  children  livings 
Sarah  A.,  born  Nov.  5,  1846;  George 
W.,  March  17, 1849  ;  Samuel  K.,  July 
26,  1852  ;  Mary  J.,  Feb.  4,  1855  ;  two 
deceased — William  H.,  born  Feb.  4, 
1845,  died  Oct.  2,  of  the  same  year; 
Lois  E.,  born  Sept.  10,  1858,  was  killed 
by  the  kick  of  a  horse  April  6,  1871 ; 
owns  286  acres  of  land,  valued  at 
111,000  ;  Mr.  T.  is  a  cripple,  the  result 
of  malpractice  of  physicians  in  getting 
a  dislocation  caused  by  being  thrown 
from  a  horse  ;  Republican. 

Thornburg  Geo.  far.  ;  8.  31  ;  P.  0.  Man- 
chester. 


660 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


Thornburg  L.  H.  farmer ;  Sec.  31  ;  P.  0. 

Manchester. 
Thornburg  S.  far.;  S.  31 ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 
Tubbs  A.  F.  far. ;  S.  12  ;  P.  O.  Edgewood. 

VAX  SICKLE  R.  Proprietor  of 
Farmers'  Inn,  in  the  village  of 
York ;  P.  0.  Edgewood  ;  born  in  Ca- 
yuga Co.,  N.  Y.,  May  10,  1805  ;  in 
1831,  he  moved  to  Livingston  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  where  he  married  Jane  Eldridge 
Jan.  3,  1833  ;  she  died  in  1839  ;  he  emi- 
grated to  the  West  in  1836,  where  he 
followed  milling,  traveling  through  dif- 
ferent States,  and  in  I860,  he  opened 
the  hotel  at  York,  formerly  called  the 
Exchange ;  but  in  a  few  years  after,  sold 
out  and  in  1875,  bought  the  old  stand 
where  he  now  lives ;  he  married  for  his 
second  wife  Mary  E.  Crawford  Oct.  15, 
1871  ;  she  was  born  in  Montreal,  Can- 
ada ;  Harry  and  Hegbert  are  his  chil- 
dren by  first  wife. 

WANDELL  H.  W.  Sec.    5,    P.  0. 
Edgewood. 

Warner  C.  rtr.  ;  S.  6  ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 

Warner  R.  farmer  ;  8.  6  ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 

Warnock  F.  far. ;  8. 13;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Wamook  W.  C.  creamery ;  8.  18  ;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 

Watson  L.  far. ;  8.  35 ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Watt  Wilson,  renter ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 

Way  Elias,  farmer ;  S.  24 ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Way  N.  farmer ;  Sec.  25  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Way  R.  M.  C.  far. ;  S.  24 ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 


WEIiliS  CHABLiES,  Farmer; 
Sec.  12 ;  P.  0.  Edgewood  ;  owns  160 
acres  in  Richland  Tp.  and  80  in  Honey 
Creek  ;  was  born  in  Cortland  Co.  N.  Y., 
Dec.  21,  1842  ;  was  a  graduate  of  the 
Junior  Class  at  Oberlin  College  in  1862; 
came  to  this  county  in  1865  ;  has  been 
a  teacher  five  years  in  New  York,  Ohio, 
Indiana  and  Illinois ;  is  in  politics,  a 
Democrat. 

WHEATIiEY  CHARLES, 
Farmer;  Sec  19;  P.  0.  Manchester; 
born  in  Westbeach,  England  July  28, 
1834 ;  he  married  Elizabeth  Goodger 
May  25, 1853;  she  was  born  in  England 
Oct.  11, 1832  ;  they  emigrated  to  the  U. 
8.  in  1853,  first  settlinginMonroe(.,'o.,N. 
Y. ;  in  1855,  they  went  to  Canada, 
where  they  remained  eleven  months, 
then  returning  and  settling  in  Summit 
Co.,  Ohio ;  in  1864,  he  emigrated  to 
Dubuque  Co.,  Iowa,  and  in  1873,  settled 
in  this  county.  Jane  E.,  born  Aug.  23, 
1856;  William  H.,  May  27.  1864; 
Sarah  E.,  Sept  7,  1867,  are  the  names 
and  births  of  their  children ;  Republi- 
can ;  they  belong  to  the  M.  E.  Church. 

White  Chas.  farmer;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Wendell  C,  far. ;  8.  32;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Wickham  B.  T.  laborer ;  Edgewood. 

Williams  Wm.  rtr.;  8.  36  ;  P.  0.  Greeley. 

Winsor  H.  F.  far. ;  S.  3  ;  P.  0.  Edgewood. 

Woolf  Val.  far. ;  S.  5  ;    P.  0.  Edgewood, 

Wood  L.-far.;  8.  35  ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 


COFFIN'S    GROVE    TOWNSHIP. 


ADAMS  D.  farmer  ;    Sec.  1 ;    P.    0. 
Manchester. 
Adams  J.  far.;  Sec.  1  ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 
ALCOCK    ALEXANDER  G. 

Brick  Maker  ;  P.  0.  Masonville  ;  born 
in  Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  8,  1824; 
moved  to  Illinois  in  1840,  and  to  this 
county  Sept.  15, 1854.  Married  Elmira 
Zerfass  Dec.  4,  1 855  ;  she  was  born  in 
Tompkins  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  23,  1839 ; 
have  five  children — Jerome,  born  Jan. 
2,  1857;  Monroe,  January  17,  1859; 
Maryetta,  Sept.  27, 1861  ;  George,  Jan. 
11,  1864;  Martha,  Nov.  27,  1866. 
Mr.  A.  started  the  first  brick  yard  in 


this  township.  The  house  in  which  he 
lived  was  built  by  driving  popple  poles 
in  the  ground,  and  then  weaving  willows 
in  around  the  poles.  The  roof  was  of 
hay,  and  for  many  years  their  house 
was  called  the  Willow  Dale.  Republi- 
can ;  Wesleyan  Methodist. 

Alcock  R.  farmer;  S.  10;  P.  0.  Manches- 
ter. 

Alcook  R.  B.  farmer;  Sec.  30;  P.  0. 
Masonville. 

Alderman  W.  W.  farmer ;  Sec.  32  ;  P.  0. 
Masonville. 

BABCOCK    HENRY,    farmer;  Sec. 
28  ;  P.  0.  Masonville. 


COFFIN'S  GROVE  TOWNSHIP. 


BABCOCK  CHAS.  H.  Farmer  ; 
bee.  20;  P.  0.  MasonviUe;  bora  in 
Bpone  Co.,  111.,  Jan.  i',  1842  ;  came 
with  parents,  at  the  age  of  2  years,  to 
Allamakee  Co.,  Iowa,  where  they  re- 
mained until  1859.  at  which  time  he 
went  to  Ohio,  and  Oct.  8,  1861,  he  en- 
listed in  Co.  F,  43d  Ohio  Infantry, 
and  served  three  years;  then  re-en- 
listed as  a  veteran,  and  served  until 
Nov.  28,  1864.  During  his  army  life 
h(!  participated  in  many  hard  engage- 
ments, one  of  them  being  the  battle  of 
Oorinth.  He  married  Miss  Adaline 
Tisdale  March  17,  1867  ;  she  was  born 
March  17,  1842,  in  Erie  Co.,  N.  Y. ; 
have  four  children — Alvah  L.,  born 
Aug.  26,  18ti8;  Minnie  L.,  born  Jan. 
27,  1870;  Charles  H.,  born  Aug.  11, 
1873  ;  Servia  E.,  born  March  31,  1876. 
Mr.  B.  owns  160  acres  of  land,  well  im- 
proved, worth  $6,000.  Grain  and  stock 
raiser.  Mr  B.  is  at  present  School  Di- 
rector ;  Republican. 
Babcock  W.  G.  farmer;  Sec.  28;  P.  0. 

MasonviUe. 
Baird  C.    r.  far. ;   Sec.  29 ;   P.  0.  Mason- 
viUe. 
»AK£R  HENRY,  Farmer;  Sec. 
22  ;  P.  0.   Manchester ;  born  near  Al- 
bany, N.  Y.,  Feb.  20,  1814;  he  moved 
with  his  father,  at  the  age  of  3  years,  to 
Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  they  remained 
until  he  was  9  years  old,  then  tjoming  to 
Oakland  Co.,  Mich.  ;  there  he  remained 
until   the   age   of  20   years,   when  he 
moved  to  Lenawee  Co.,  Mich.     He  mar- 
Tied  Elizabeth  W.  Coffin  June  10, 1840  ; 
she  was  born  in  Manchester  in  1816. 
Mr.  B.  came  to  this  county  in  June, 
1841,  and  settled  where  he  now  lives  ;  at 
that  time  there  was  but  four  families 
living  in  the  township  ;  they  have  one 
«hild  living — Siisah,  born  June  6, 1849; 
three    children   deceasud — Susan,   died 
April   1,   1849  ;  Edwin,  died  Aug.  29, 
1846,  at  the  aeeof  4  years  and  7  months, 
and  John,  died  Oct.  1,  1846,  at  the  age 
of  2  years  and  4  months.     Mr.  Boker's 
■wife  died  Dec.   15,  1849,  leaving  him 
and  his  infant  daughter,  Susan,  alone ; 
she  is  now  married  and  living  in  Kansas. 
Mr.  Boker  owns  572  acres  of  land,  well 
improved,  worth  $50  per  acre  ;  principal 
jproAuct,  stock  raising.     Mr.  Boker  is 
the  very  oldest  settler  that  is  still  living 


661 


in  Coffin  s  Grove  Tp. ;  he  has  been  Jus- 
tice  of  the  Peace  ten  years;  Democrat. 
Bea  Seth,  far. ;  Sec.  34 ;  P.  0.  Manchester, 
ceal    Bernard,  .farmer;   Sec.    35;   P.  0. 

Manchester. 
Beaver  Lyman  R.  farmer ;  See.  27  ;  P.  0. 

MasonviUe. 
Beaver  Robert  L.  renter  ;  Sec.  27  ;  P.  0. 

MasonviUe. 
Bucklin  Austin,  farmer  ;  See.  20  ;  P.  0. 

MasonviUe. 
Bucklin  J.  C.  far. ;  Sec.  20  ;  P.  0.  Mason- 
viUe. 
Burk  David,  proprietor  MasonviUe  Flour- 

ing-mills. 
Burk  James,  merchant ;  MasonviUe. 
Bush  Geo.  renter ;  Sec.  22  ;  P.  0.  Mason 

ville. 
/"-lAMP   ALFRED,  laborer;   Sec.  27; 
KJ     P.  0.  MasonviUe. 
Carpenter   Wm.  farmer ;  Sec.  24 ;  P.  O. 

Manchester. 
CHAPMAN   H.    P.   Farmer;  Sec. 
H6  ;  P.  0.  Manchester;  born  in  Dover, 
N.  H.,  Aug.  6,  1833;  married  Jane  E. 
Furbosh  Jan.  1,  1860  ;  she  was  born  in 
York  Co.,  Maine,  Feb.  2,   1838 ;  have 
two  children  living — Charles  T.,  born 
March   19,  1865,  and  Fred.  E.,  born 
Sept.    19,    1868 ;     lost    one    child- 
Eddie  H.,  born  Aug.  5,  1863,  died  Oct. 
17,  1864.     Mr.  Chapman  came  to  this 
county  April  15,  1864;  owns  209  acres 
of  land,  worth  $30  per  acre ;  he  carries 
on  the  dairying  business  and  stock  rais- 
ing to  a  large  extent;  Republican. 
Childs  N.  far. ;  Sec.  29 ;  P.  0.  MasonviUe. 
Coleson  J.  B.  butcher ;  MasonviUe. 
Cormiek  H.  0.  blacksmith ;  MasonvUle. 
Cormick  WUUam,  laborer ;   P.  0.  Mason- 
viUe. 
COlHrVERSB     LORENZO    D. 
Farmer  ;  Sec.  33  ;  P.  0.  MasonviUe;  born 
April  24,  1817  ;  married  Mary  E.  Rock- 
weU ;  she  was  born  in  Erie  Co.,  N.  Y., 
Dec.  24,    1824;   has   four    chUdren — 
Samuel  W.,  born  Nov.  28, 1845  ;  Alon- 
zo,  Sept.  16,  1851 ;  Ida,  Nov.  2,  1859 ; 
Belloria,  Dec.  3, 1866  ;  Mrs.  C.'s  father, 
Horace  Rockwell,  was  born  in   1783; 
her  mother's  maiden  name  was  Hannah 
Chase,  born  in  old  Utica,  N.  Y.     Mr. 
C.  came  to  this  county  in  1873. 
Corney  John,  lab. ;  P.  0.  MasonviUe. 
Cook  E.  far. ;  Sec.  15  ;  P.  0.  Madfehes- 
ter. 


662 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


Cook  Malcomb,  farmer ;  Sec.  15  ;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 

COOK  WIIililAM,  Farmer  ;  Sec. 
11  ;  P.  0.  Manchester  ;  born  in  Notting- 
hamshire, Eng.,  March  6,  1825;  he 
married  Mary  Ann  Frow  Sept.  14,1846  ; 
she  was  born  in  Sheffield.  Eng.,  June  7, 
1828;  have  one  adopted  child,  Edwin 
Cook,  born  in  Delaware  Co.,  la.,  April 
11,  1851  ;  Mr.  Cook  emigrated  to  the 
U.  S.  of  America,  Aug.  29,  1849,  and 
came  to  St.  Charles,  111.,  where  they 
lived  four  years,  and  in  1853,  they  came 
to  this  county  and  settled  where  they 
now  live  ;  he  owns  160  acres  of  land, 
well  improved,  worth  $5,000  ;  principal 
product,  grain  and  stock  raising.  Mr. 
C.  has  held  the  office  of  School  Director 
and  Assessor  a  number  of  terms  ;  reli- 
gion. Free- Will  Baptist ;  politics,  Demo- 
crat. 

Curtis  Henry,  lab.;  P.  0.  Masonville. 

Davis  C.  G.,  renter ;  Sec.  29  ;  P.  0.  Mason- 
ville. 

DAVIS  D.  'S.  Farmer;  Sec.  30;  P. 
0.  Masonville  ;  born  in  Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y., 
June  22,  1832.  Married  Mirah  M. 
Sterling,  born  in  Canada,  Parish  of 
Bath,  May  3,  1835 ;  moved  to  this 
county  May  25,  1854  ;  has  nine  chil- 
dren living — Flora,  born  Nov.  25, 1854 ; 
Ida,  born  Aug.  21,  1856,  (deceased); 
Mason,  born  May  12,  1858;  Carrie, 
born  Aug.  18,  1860 ;  Bertha,  born  Feb. 
8, 1862  ;  Emeroy,  Dec.  20, 1863  ;  Mary 
born  May  27,  1866 ;  Olia,  born  April 
17, 1868  ;  CKnton,  born  May  14,  1870  ; 
Perry,  born  May  24,  1872  ;  owns  120 
acres  of  land  valued  at  $4,000. 

DAVIS  EDWIW,  Farmer,  Sec.  28 ; 
P.O. Masonville  ;  born  in  Hartford,Conn., 
April  4,  1830,  where  he  remained  till 
6  years  of  age,  moving  with  his  par- 
ents to  Erie  Co.,  Ohio,  where  he  re- 
mained till  he  was  23  years  old ;  mar- 
ried Sarah  Ann  Ferris  March  20, 1853. 
She  was  born  Feb.  10,  1834,  and  died 
Jan.  31,1874;  has  by  this  marriage 
three  children  living — Leora  M.,  born 
Jan.  2,  1864  ;  Nelson  E.,  July  10, 1863  ; 
Charles  H.,  June  21,  1857;  married 
Miss  Mohne  C.  Kenyon  Jan.  3,  1875. 
She  was  born  in  Canada  Jan.  3,  1855; 
they  have  one  child — Henry  E.,  born 
Oct.  26,  1875.  Mr.  D.  came  to  this 
county   April    11,    1854,  and    settled 


where  he  now  lives ;  he  erected  the  first 
building  on  his  farm  in  1854,  which  was 
a  log  house  ;  he  now  6wns  360  acres  of 
land,  all  in  a  high  state  of  cultivation, 
worth  $15,000 ;  is  an  extensive  dealer 
in  and  raiser  of  fine-bred  stock. 

Davis  G.  W.,  renter ;  S.  29  ;  P.  0.  Mason- 
ville. 

Dreskel,  John,  laborer,  P.  0.  Masonville. 

DIJIVIV  MARGARET  MRS. 
Farmer:  Sec.  9;  P.  0.  Manchester; 
born  in  Canada,  June  18,  1836.  She 
married  James  Kelley  Sept.  17,  1852; 
he  died  Oct.  1.  1865."  Have  four  chil- 
dren— John  H.  Kelley,  born  July  7, 
1855;  William  J.,  Sept.  17,  1857; 
Mary,  Dec.  20,  1859 ;  Kate,  April  14, 
1862.  She  married  her  second  husband, 
Matthew  Dunn,  June  23,  1867.  Have 
one  child  by  last  husband  ;  Hattie,  born 
June  18,  1868.  She  moved  to  this 
county  June  24, 1867,  and  settled  where 
she  now  lives ;  she  owns  58  acres  of 
land,  worth  $1,500  ;  principal  products, 
stock  and  grain. 

"pn  ATON  ;   farmer ;    P.  0.  Masonville. 

Evans  J.  far.;    S.  16  ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

FARRELL  W.  E.  wagon  maker,  Ma- 
sonville. 
GAFFANY  PHILLIP,  farmer ;  Sec. 
10  ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Gibbons  P.  D.  laborer ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Gillispie  J.  far. ;  S.  36  ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Graiifield  J.  farmer;  S.  4 ;  P.  0.  Manches- 
ter. 

GRIFFIN  BYRON,  Lumber  and 
Stock  Buyer,  Masonville ;  born  in  Mad- 
ison County,  New  York,  February  4, 
1840 ;  at  the  age  of  2i  years  moved 
to  Waukesha  County,  Wis.,  where  he 
remained  until  he  was  18  years  of 
age ;  went  to  St.  Louis  and  remained 
three  years,  then  went  to  Montana,  where 
he  was  engaged  in  mining ;  came  to  this 
Co.  May  1870.  Married  Miss  Mary  J. 
Daily  Feb.  21, 1872  ;  she  was  bom  Nov., 
1850  ;  has  two  children — C.  K.,  born 
Sept.  5,  1874  ;  unnamed  infant,  Jan.  9, 
1878.  Mr.  G.  came  to  this  Co.  with 
limited  means,  but  by  honest  dealing  and 
carefiil  management,  now  ranks  as  one 
of  the  leading  men  of  the  village. 

Griffin  F.  S.  grain  dlr ;  Masonville. 

HAINER  CHARLES,  laborer ;   Sec. 
30  ;  P.  0.  Masonville. 


COFFIN'S  GROVE  TOWNSHIP. 


663 


Hainer  S.  H.  renter  ;  Sec.  30  ;  P.  0.  Ma- 
sonville. 

Hammading  H.  lab. ;  P.  0.  Masonville. 

Hammond  J.  P.  farmer  ;    Sec.  3  ;    P.  0. 
Manchester. 

Harris  ¥.  S.  creamery ;  Sec.  28 ;  P.  0. 
Masonville. 

HARRIS  REIIBEX  P.  Farmer; 
Sec.  28 ;  P.  0.  Masonville ;  born  in 
Warren  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  21,  1824; 
lived  there  until  10  years  of  age,  and 
moved  with  his  parents  to  Washington 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  he  remained  until  2 1 
years  of  age,  when  he  came  to  Wiscon- 
sin and  settled  in  Walworth  County, 
working  for  one  man  six  years.  Mar- 
ried Elizabeth  Seymour  April  10, 1851, 
in  BaraboQ,  Wisconsin  ;  have  one  child 
—Frank,  born  March  10,  1853.  Mr. 
Harris  came  to  Delaware  County  July 
14,  186P,  and  settled  where  he  now  has 
121}  acres,  valued  at  ^7,000;  he  has 
on  his  place  a  very  beautiful  fruit  or- 
chard, which  is  quite  an  uncommon  thing 
for  this  section  of  Iowa.  In  connection 
with  farming,  Mr.  Harris'  son  carries  on 
a  large  creamery,  being  furnished  with 
milk  from  about  200  cows. 

HARWOOD  GEO.  DR.  Drug- 
gist ;  P.  0.  Masonville  ;  born  May  1, 
1844,  in  the  town  of  Macclesfield, 
Cheshire,  England  ;  he  left  England  in 
April,  1857,  and  after  a  perilous  voy- 
age around  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope, 
landed  in  Bombay,  East  India,  August, 
1857,  and  during  the  Litter  part  of  '57 
and  '58  endured  all  the  hardships  and 
privations  of  the  Indian  mutiny  ;  he  re- 
sided in  India  until  the  Fall  of  1862, 
and  during  that  time  visited  the  follow- 
ing places  of  interest :  Poona,  Ahmed- 
nugger,  Kirkee,  Calaba,  Vengula,  Bel- 
ganon,  Kurracher,  Kotree,  Hydrabad, 
Labors,  Delhi,  Lucknow,  Cawnpore, 
Patna,  Calcutta,  Madras,  Ceylon  and 
Aden;  on  his  return  voyage  to  Eng- 
land in  1863,  he  visited  the  Island  of 
St.  Helena;  shortly  after  his  arrival  in 
England  he  married  Miss  C.  Bennett, 
daughter  of  Jno.  Bennett,  Kerridge 
:6ollington.  Cheshire,  England;  have 
one  son— Herbert  B.,  born  June  7, 1864. 
On  the  2d  of  October  he  left  England 
for  Canada,  and  landed  at  Point  Leve, 
Oct.  17,  1873  ;  resided  in  Toronto  until 
Sept.  20,  1875,  when  he  brought  bis 


family  to  Masonville,  Iowa ;   he  entered 
into  partnership  with  W.  E.  Laurence, 
in  the  drug  business,  March  1,  1877. 
Hearn  Matthew,  far.;  S.10.;P.O. Masonville. 
Hilton  Henry,  far.;  S.  9  ;  P.  0.  Masonville. 
JOHNSTOX,  JAMES  G.,  Farm- 
er ;    Sec.    32  ;  P.  Q.  Masonville ;  born 
in    Pennsylvania  July  27,  1811,  where 
he  lived  with  parents  till  18:^7  ;  married 
Miss  Phinella  Junod  ;  she  was  born  in 
Philadelphia    June    6,   1818;  has  two 
children  living  and  four  deceased.  Mary 
J.,  born  Dec.  21,   1837.    died  Jan.  23, 
1838;  Thomas,   born   Oct.    23,  1841, 
died  Sept.  20, 1852  ;  Rachel,  born  June 
24,  1844;  Edwin  N.,  born  Nov.    22, 
1846,  died  Sept.  25,  1852 ;  Margaret, 
born  Jan.  1,  1840,  died  Nov.  11, 1841  ; 
Lindsey  M.  born  June  8, 1856  ;  came  to 
this  county  July  31,   1858  ;  resided  in 
CofiSn's  Grove  for  sixteen  months  prior  to 
purchasing  the  farm  where  he  now  lives ; 
owns  82}   acres  of  land  valued  at  $50 
per    acre;  principal  product   is    grain; 
Republican. 
Jones  Henry,  far.;  S.  33  ;  P.O.Manchester. 
KelleyC.  M.far.;  S.  28;  P.O.  Masonville. 
Kelley  Joseph,  far. ;  S.2  ;  P.O.  Manchester. 
Lindsey  W.  B.  far. ;  S.  3  ;   P.  0.  Manches 

ter. 
McBRIDE  BETSY  MRS.  Far., 
S.  35,  P.  0.  Manchester.  Her  husband, 
James  McBride  died  Jan.  18,  1876. 
He  was  born  in  N.  Y.,  May  31,  1804, 
and  came  to  this  county  in  Jan.  1860. 
Since  his  death  his  wife  and  son  have 
carried  on  the  farm.  Her  maiden  name 
was  Betsy  Miller,  born  in  Oneida  Co., 
N.  Y.,  April  25,  1824;  have  six  chil- 
dren living — George  W.,  born  July  4, 
1854 ;  Lucy  C,  born  Feb.  9,  1856 ; 
Elizabeth,  born  April  11,1859  ;  MaryA., 
born  Oct.  28,  1861;  Grant  E.,  born 
Nov.  11,  1865 ;  Cora  P.,  born  April 
13,  1870;  one  child  dead,  born  Feb. 
26,  1852,  died  Jan.  20,  1852 ;  owns 
160  acres  of  land  worth  $5,600.  Prin- 
cipal products,  stock  raising.  Mrs. 
McBride's  father  was  born  in  Stark 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1784.  Her  mother's 
maiden  name  was  Mary  Crill,  born  in 
Stark  Co.,  N.  Y.,  1790. 
McBride  J.  C.  farmer;  Sec.  34;  P.  O. 
Manchester.  oe     t>  a 

McBride  George,  farmer ;  Sec.  36  ;  P.  O. 
Manchester. 


664 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


McGEE  ISAAC,  Farmer;  Sec.  23; 
P.  0.  Manchester;  born  in  Canada  West 
March  24,  1820 ;  married  Miss  Sarah 
Smart  Sept.  4,  1846;  she  was  born  in 
Ireland  May  19,  1827  ;  have  nine  chil- 
dren living — Isabel,  born  July  3,  1847; 
John,  Nov.  10,  1848;  George,  April 
19,  1850;  William,  Feb.  14,  1853; 
LiUie,  Sept.  7,  1855;  Gage,  Deo.  10, 
1860;  Irwin  A.,  Jan.  21,  1863;  Nellie 
M.,  April  23,  1865 ;  Austin,  Aug.  25, 
1868  ;  one  child  deceased — Adelaide, 
born  July  4,  1857,  died  Oct.  5,  1862. 
Mr.  M.  came  to  this  county  May  27, 
1855,  and  settled  where  ho  now  lives ; 
owns  380  acres  of  land,  worth  $12,000  ; 
general  farming  and  stock  raising.  He 
has  held  the  office  of  School  Director 
four  years. 

McGEE  JOHN,  Farmer;  Sec.  23 ; 
P.  0-  Manchester;  born  in  Lawrence, 
Canada,  August  12,  1816;  married 
Miss  Janet  McMartin  March  18,  1846; 
she  was  born  in  Martintown,  Can- 
ada, June  10,  1827  ;  have  nine  children 
— Olive,  born  June  17,  1847  ;  John, 
Jan.  31,  1849  ;  Isaac,  March  21,  1851 ; 
Sarah,  May  22,  1853  ;  Elizabeth,  Sept. 
2,  1855;  Hannah,  March  15,  1858; 
Joseph  H.,  Aug.  25,  1863;  Oscar  A., 
Sept.  16,  1866  ;  Berton  B.,  April  4, 
1872;  one  child  deceased — Mary  Ann, 
born  Feb.  2,  1861,  died  June  4,  1864. 
Mr.  McGee  came  here  in  June,  1854, 
and  settled  in  Coffin's  Grove  Tp.,  where 
he  now  lives  ;  he  owns  280  acres  of  land, 
worth  $9,000  ;  his  principal  product  is 
grain  and  stock  raising. 

McGuire  J.  sec.  boss ;  Masonville. 

Marvin  A.  laborer  ;  Masonville. 

Marvin  Lorenzo,  laborer ;  Masonville. 

Marvin  Wm.  renter;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Martin  H.  B.  station  agent ;   Masonville. 

MIlWKIiEB  HARVEY,  Parmer; 
Sec.  29  ;  P.  0.  Masonville ;  bom  in 
Clinton  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1805 ;  came  to 
Ohio,  with  parents,  and  settled  in  Geauga 
Co.,  in  1816  ;  married  Miss  Blizabeth 
Ransom  May  27,  1827,  who  was  born 
in  Livingston  Co.,  N.  Y.,  May  27, 
1810 ;  they  have  three  children — Eliz- 
abeth J.,  bom  June  14,  1828,  who 
died  Dec,  28,  1858;  John  R.,  Dec. 
2,  1831,  and  C.  V.,  Oct.  23,  1834; 
besides  their  own  three  children,  thir- 
teen orphans  have  had  their  fatherly  and 


and  motherly  care  and  grown  to  man- 
hood and  womanhood  under  their  roof; 
Mr.  Minkler's  father  was  born  in  Con- 
necticut in  1780 ;  came  to  Delaware 
Co.  May  4,  1853,  and  settled  where  he 
now  lives,  his  nearest  neighbor  west 
being  eighteen  miles ;  Mr.  M  inkier  was 
one  of  the  first  Trustees  of  Coffin's 
Grove  Township;  at  that  time  there 
were  but  fifteen  voters  in  the  township 
and  five  of  those  were  from  under  his 
roof;  he  owns  125  acres  of  land,  well 
improved,  worth  $4,000  ;  principal  pro- 
ducts, grain  and  stock  raising ;  he  has 
held  nearly  every  office  in  the  township 
and  has  always  been  an  active  Republi- 
can ;  in  1862,  he  gained  a  permit  from 
Gen.  Boker,  of  Clinton,  Iowa,  and 
joined  Co.  F,  of  the  27th  Regiment  of 
Iowa,  mostly  comprised  of  men  from 
Delaware  Co. 

MOHB  DANIEL.,  Parmer;  Sec. 
24 ;  P.  0.  Manchester ;  born  in  Pa. 
Sept.  3,  1823  ;  he  came,  with  parents, 
at  the  age  of  6  years,  to  Logan  Co., 
Ohio,  where  he  remained  until  1852  ; 
he  married  Miss  Mary  Garber  March 
24,  1846  ;  she  was  bora  in  Augusta  Co., 
Va.,  Dec.  21,  1826  ;  have  seven  chil- 
dren livinj.'- — Mary  M.,  born  March  26, 
1847;  Martin  C,  March  17,1849; 
Nancy  C,  Aug.  11,  1851;  John  J., 
Jan.  27,  1855  ;  Louie,  1859 ;  Lovina 
A.,  Dec.  23,  1861 ;  Mirth  A.,  Sept.  28, 
1866 ;  have  two  children  deceased — 
Hannah  Jane,  born  Aug.  15,  1853, 
died  Sept.  9,  1854;  Isaac  N.,  born  May 
23,  1857,  died  Nov.  6,  1873.  Mr. 
Mohr  came  to  this  county  April  1, 
1865,  and  settled  where  he  now  lives; 
Mr.  M.  has  been  School  Director  four 
terms ;  he  owns  160  acres  of  land,  worth 
$5,000  ;  Republican  ;  Advent  Christian. 

MOORE  SELDON  W.  Farmer; 
Sec.  21;  P.  0.  Masonville;  born  Feb. 
22,  1820,  in  Hartford  Co.,  Connecticut; 
left,  with  parents,  and  came  to  Ashtabula 
Co.,  Ohio,  at  the  age  of  15  years; 
there  he  remained  until  1859  ;  then  he 
came  to  Ogle  Co.,  111.,  where  he  remained 
until  the  Spring  of  1863,  then  coming 
to  this  county  and  settling  where  he 
now  lives ;  he  married  Mary  A.  Cotton 
Nov.  6,  1842  ;  she  was  born  in  Addison 
Co.,  Vt.,  June  28, 1818  ;  have  four  chil- 
dren  living — Edison,   born    Nov.    10, 


COFFIN'S   GROVE  TOWNSHIP. 


665 


1843;  Chastene  J.,  Oct.  8,  1845- 
Willis  D.,  Aug.  8,  1849;  Horace  S. 
Nov,  6,  1854 ;  two  deceased — Francis, 
born  Sept.  3,  1847,  died  Dec.  26, 1850  ; 
Frank,  born  Jan.  1,  1852,  died  April 
10,  1858  ;  Mr.  Moore  owns  80  acres  of 
land  worth  $3,000  ;  principal  products, 
grain  and  stock  raising  ;  Republican  : 
Wesleyan  Metbodist. 

Morris  P.,  far. ;  S.  11 ;  P.  0.  Mancbester. 

Morris  P.  P.  far. ;  S.  11  ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Morse  E.  E.  rtr.;  S.  28 ;  P.  0.  Masonville. 

MORSE  JAMES  A.  Farmer  ;  S. 
25 ;  P.  0.  Mancbester ;  born  in  Ver- 
mont April  2,  1839  ;  came  to  Delaware 
Co.  June,  1858.  Married  Angia  A. 
Roe  March  16,  1862.  She  was  born  in 
Berrien  Co.,  Mich.,  Jan.  31,  1844. 
Have  two  children — Luella  A.  Morse, 
born  Jan.  7,  1864;  Lorena  A.  Morse, 
born  Nov.  25,  1871.  Mr.  Morse  car- 
ried 01)  the  livery  business  in  Manches- 
ter for  a  number  of  years,  until  about 
four  years  ago,  when  he  sold  his  busi- 
ness and  moved  to  where  he  now  lives. 
He  owns  106  acres  of  land,  worth  $35 
per  acre.  His  principal  products  are 
'  stock  raising  and  dairying. 

Mulligan  P.  saloon ;  Masonville. 

n^EW  J.   M.  farmer;  S.  30;  P.   0. 

_LN       Masonville. 

Norton  R.  Postmaster ;  Masonville. 

QUINN  EDWARD,  laborer;  Mason- 
ville. 
"PAG-B  S.  A.  carpenter ;  Masonville. 

PERRY  AMOS,  Farmer ;  S.  32  ; 
P.  0.  Masonville;  born  in  New  York 
April  9,  1834;  moved  with  parents  to 
Illinois  in  1835,  and  there  he  remained 
until  1854,  when  be  came  to  Delaware 
Co.,  la.,  and  on  May^7,  1857,  made  it 
his  permanent  home.  He  married  Vio- 
let Minkler  Feb.  17,  1861.  She  was 
born  in  Erie  Co.,  0.,  June  6,  1844; 
have  six  children— Effie  L.,  born  Feb. 
10,  1862;  Edith  A.,  born  Nov.  12, 
1866;  Gertrude  A.,  born  March  4, 
1868;  Willard  H.,  July  29,  1869; 
Ernest  A.,  Dec.  18,  1871  ;  and  Lillian 
E.,  July  30,  1873.  Mr.  Perry  owns 
672  acres  of  land,  worth  825  per  acre. 
Mr.  Perry  enlisted  in  the  3d  Iowa  Bat- 
tery Sept.   18,  1861  ;  served  two  years 

/and  re-enlisted,  and  was  mustered  out 
Oct.  23,   1865.      During  his  army  life 


he  participated  in  several  severe  battles, 
one  of  the  hardest  being  the  battle  of 
Pea  Ridge.     Republican. 

PETERS  SAMSODT  P.  Farmer; 
Sec.  29  ;  P.  0.  Masonville  ;  born  Sept. 
21,  1831,  in  Cayuga  Co.,  N.  Y. ;  moved 
from  there  to  Ogle  Co.,  where  he  Uved 
for  nine  years  ;  came  from  there  to  Del- 
aware Co.  in  March,  1868 ;  married 
his  first  wife,  J.  Robison,  Jan.  1, 
1852  ;  she  was  born  in  Cayuga  County 
April  25,  1832  ;  has  h  .d  three  children 
by  first  wife,  two  of  which  are  dead — 
Louis  S.,  born  Nov.  17,  1857,  died  at 
the  age  of  4  months  and  27  days ;  Em- 
ma, born  Oct.  30,  1852,  died  Jan.  31, 
1877  ;  and  one  living — Blmira,  born 
April  30,  1855  ;  married  his  second  wife 
March  10,  1858 ;  her  maiden  name  was 
Sarah  Moower,  born  in  Penn,  Union  Co., 
April  20,  1824 ;  has  two  children  by 
his  second  wife — Oharl  S.,  born  Dec.  4, 
1863 ;  John  H.,  March  29,  1862  ;  Mr. 
Peters  owns  222  J  acres  of  land,  worth 
$35  per  acre;  principal  product,  grain 
and  stock  raising ;  Rep. ;  his  father  was 
born  in  New  York,  Oct.  23,  1792  ;  his 
mother  in  Vermont,  Feb.  9, 1796. 

Porter  W.  R.  far. ;  S.  8.  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Poerssner  A.  far. ;  Sec.  4 ;  P.  0.  Forest- 
ville. 

Riley  Daniel,  saloon  ;  Masonville 

ROE  liAWSOW  A.  Farmer;  Sec. 
24 ;  P.  0.  Manchester ;  born  in  Wayne 
Co.,  Ind.,  Aug.  21,  1821 ;  moved  with 
his  parents  to  Berrien  Co.,  Mich.,  in 
1835,  and  married  Susan  A.  Knight 
March  12,  1843 ;  she  was  born  in  Ver- 
mont Oct.,  14, 1823  ;  have  five  children 
—Angia,  born  Jan.  31,  1844 ;  William 
A.,  March  1,  1846;  Francis  A.,  Oct. 
15,  1847  ;  Charles  A.,  Sept.  14,  1850  ; 
and  May  A.,  Feb.  22,  1857.  Mr.  Roe 
came  to  this  county  in  July,  1852,  and 
settled  in  Eads'  Grove,  where  he  re- 
mained until  the  Pall  of  1863,  at  which 
time  he  moved  to  Manchester,  where  he 
carried  on  the  furniture  business  for 
several  years,  moving  to  his  present 
home  about  six  years  ago ;  he  owns  380 
acres  of  land,  worth  $14,000  dollars; 
principal  product,  grain  and  stock  rais- 
ing ;  Mr.  R.  is  a  Republican  and  mem- 
ber of  a  Christian  Church. 

EOE  P.  A.  farmer;  Sec.  24;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 


666 


DIKECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


Russell   H.   H.  far. ;  Sea.  26  ;  P.  0.  Man- 
chester. 
Rose  Thomas,  shoemaker  ;  Masonville. 
Ryan  John,  saloon  ;  Masonville. 

SATTERLEE  AMOS,  far.;  Sec.  27; 
P.  0.  Manchester. 

SATTERIiEE  BUBIAH  W. 
Farmer  ;  Sec.  26 ;  P.  O.  Manchester ; 
born  Dec.  27,  1814,  in  Montgomery 
Co.,  N.  Y.  ;  married  Elizabeth  Jennings 
May  17,  1837  ;  she  was  born  in  Herki- 
mer Co.,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  5,  1818  ;  came  to 
this  county  April  4,  1867  ;  own.s  200 
acres  of  land,  worth  $35  per  acre ;  they 
have  three  children — Jerome  B.,  born 
July  3,  1838;  Martha  Ann,  May  23, 
1841 ;  Amos  P.,  March  6,  1847  ;  Amos 
F.  lives  with  his  father ;  was  married  to 
Miss  Elmer  Keller,  March  7, 1875 ;  both 
father  and  son  are  Republicans. 

JSCHMIDT  JOHIV  E.  Vineyard ; 
Sec.  27 ;  P.  0.  Manchester ;  born  in 
Wurtemberg,  G-er.,  Dec.  1,  1830 ;  emi- 
grated to  U.  S.  of  America  Aug.  11, 
1859 ;  married  Miss  Maggie  Stadler 
April  27,  1874;  she  was  born  in  Aus- 
tria Aug.  22,  1 843 ;  have  Wo  children 
— Oscar  Otto,  born  Aug.  8,  1875,  and 
Maggie,  Aug.  25,  1877.  Mr.  S.  came 
to  this  county  in  1861,  making  his 
home  with  Henry  Baker  for  five  years ; 
then  he  purchased  the  place  where  he 
now  lives  and  started  his  vineyard, 
which  at  the  present  time  excels  any- 
thing of  the  kind  in  the  county.  Mr. 
8.  owns  sixteen  acres  of  land,  well  im- 
proved, and  is  worth  $5,000. 

SCHUIiTZE  WIIililAM,  Parm- 
er ;  Sec.  10 ;  P.  O.  Manchester ;  born 
in  Hanover,  Germany,  Aug.  8,  1822; 
he  came  to  the  TJ.  S.  of  America  in 
1864 ;  he  married  Miss  Fredrecka 
Starde ;  she  was  born  June  29,  1831 ; 
have  two  children,  twins ;  their  names 
are  Charlie  and  Emma,  born  April  30, 
1868;  Mr.  S.  settled  .first  in  Chicago, 
where  he  was  engaged  in  the  furniture 
business  for  four  years,  and  in  1868,  he 
came  to  this  county  and  settled  where 
he  now  lives  ;  he  owns  160  acres  of  land, 
well  improved,  worth  $5,000  ;  principal 
product,  grain  and  stock. 

Sellins  B.  H.  far. ;  S.  36  ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Septon  A.  L.  far. ;  8.  32  ;  P.  0.  Masonville. 

Seward  J.  far.;  8   11 ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Smith  Alex,  farmer;  P.  0.  Manchester. 


SMITH    BEXJAMIIV,     Farmer! 
Sec.  26 ;    P.   0.  Manchester ;    born  in 
Stark    Co.,   Ohio,  Jan.   26,   1824;    in 
1835,  moved  with  his  parents  to  Summit 
Co.   Ohio,  and  in   1840  moved   again 
with  his  parents  to  De  Kalb  Co.,  Ind., 
where   his   father   died    in  1861  ;    his 
mother  died   in    1876.     Married  Miss 
Sophina  Bonney  at  Ghent,  Summit  Co., 
Ohio,  Oct.  1 9,  1852 ;    she  was  born  in 
the  town  of  Covington,  Wyoming  Co., 
N.  Y.,  in  1827.     Have  two  children— 
J.  B.  Smith,  born  in  De  Kalb  Co.,  Ind., 
March  4,  1857,  and  Harry  B.  Smith, 
born  in  De  Kalb   Co.,  Ind.,  April  25, 
1860 ;  Mr.  Benjamin  Smith's  father,  was 
born  in  the  parish  of  Tregles,  Scotland, 
in  the  year  1788;  his  mother  was  born 
in    Cumberland   Co.,   England,  in   the 
year  1794.     Mr.  Smith  came' to   Dela- 
ware Co.  with  his  family  in  1865  ;  owns 
190  acres  of  land  well  improved,  worth 
$6,000.     Republican. 
Smith  P.  D.  laborer ;  P.  0.  Masonville. 
Smith  J.  D.  hotelprop.,  Masonville. 
SMITH   JONATHAN,    Parmer; 
Sec.   2 ;     P.   0.    Manchester ;    born    in 
Lewistown,  Penn.,  July  18,  1814;  left 
with  parents  when  young  and  came  to 
Perry  Co.,  Ohio  ;  from  there  he  came  to 
South  Bend,  Ind.,  in  1832.     He  mar- 
ried his  first  wife  Nov.  24,  1834;  her 
maiden  name  was  Sarah  Yockey  ;  has 
six  children  by  first  wife,  named  as  fol- 
lows— Lewis,  John,   Hilindia,  Martha, 
Jackson ;    one   died    in   infancy.      He 
married  his  second  wife  Sept.  9,  1852 ; 
her  maiden  name  was  Catharine  Jacoby; 
has  six  children  by  second  wife — Elear 
zer    M.,  Jliley,   Alexander,   Jonathan, 
Williaiii  and  Edward ;    one   child   de- 
ceased— Emma.     Mr.  8.  came  to  Dela- 
ware Co.  in  the  Fall  of  1860,  and  settled 
where  he  now  lives ;  he  owns  80  acres 
of  land,  well  improved,  worth  $2,000 ; 
principal    products,   grain    and    stock. 
Republican ;  member  of  Wesleyan  Meth- 
odist church. 
SMITH    THOMAS   E.   Farmer; 
Sec.  28;    P.   0.   Masonville;    born  in 
New  York  City  Dec.  22,  1829  ;    moved 
with  his  parents  to  Bristol,  England,  in 
1836,  and  lived  there  seven  years,  then 
came   to   Pennsylvania,   where   he  re- 
mained three  years,  ai  d  then  emigrated 
to  Dubuque  Co.,  Iowa,  moving  to  Dela- 


COFFIN'S  GROVK  TOWNSHIP. 


667 


ware  Co.,  Iowa,  April  1,  1861.     Mar- 

■  ried  Maria  J.  Dull  April  30,  1856; 
have  no  children ;  she  was  born  in 
Franklin,  Portage  Co.,  Ohio,  Feb.  7, 
1838 ;  her  father  was  the  first  white 
child  born  in  Trumbull  Township,  Ohio, 
Feb.  17,  1809;  her  mother  was  born 
Aug.  17,  181)9,  in  Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y. 
Mr.  S.  owns  116  acres  of  land,  worth 
$3,000  ;  principal  product,  stock ;  he 
has  held  almost  every  office  in  the 
township. 

Snell  Geo.  laborer  ;  Masonville. 

Soder  Gr.  B.  laborer  ;  Masonville. 

Soder  J.  blacksmith  ;  Masonville. 

Soder  J.  R.  blacksmith  ;  Masonville. 

Stewart  A.  W.  farmer  ;  Sec.  10 ;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 

Stewart  Charles,  farmer  ;  Sec.  10  ;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 

Stewart  James  B.  farmer ;  Sec.  10  ;  P.  0. 

[yl  Q  Tl  f"  h  PSt^PT 

STEWART  SAMUEL,,  Farmer; 
Sec.  10;  P.  0.  Manchester;  born  in 
Delaware  Co.,  Ohio,  July  22,  1832, 
where  he  remained  till  7  years  of  age ; 
moved  to  Illinois  with  his  parents,  where 
he  remained  four  years,  then  to  Iowa 
Co.,  Wis.,  where  he  remained  until 
1866,  when  he  moved  to  this  county, 
settling  where  he  now  lives;  owns  100 
acres  valued  at  $3,000.  Married  Miss 
Ann  Ward  Aug.  13,  1857;  she  was 
born  in  England,  Sept.  13,  1841 ;  have 
three  children  living — Ward,  born  April 
30,  1859  ;  Elmer,  April  26, 1867;  Eo- 
panna  M.,  born  Dec.  9,  1874. 

Stlmpson  W.  H.  renter ;  Sec.  29 ;  P.  0. 
Masonville. 

Stone  C.  N.  renter ;  Sec.  16  ;  P.  0.  Man- 
cnpstsi* 

SriiliiVAW  AARON,  Farmer; 
Sec.  28  ;  P.  0.  Masonville ;  born  m 
Champaign  Co.,  Ohio,  Feb.  21,  1811  ; 
came  to  La  Salle  Co.,  111.,  Nov.  I,  1835  ; 
he  married  Jane  Lippincott  June  20, 
1837  ;  she  was  born  in  Champaign  Co., 
Ohio,  Nov.  7,  1819 ;  had  nine  children; 
those  still  living  are— Mary  R.,  born 
July  13,  1839 ;  Samuel  P.,  Feb.  15, 
1841;  Sarah  E.,  Jan.  28,  1843; 
Andrew  J.,  April  10,  1845  ;  J.  N.,  Nov. 
3,  1848;  Aaron  R.,  May  8,  1850  ; 
Jane  A.,  Feb.  14,  1853;  Henry  P., 
Aug.  6,  1856 ;  L.  M.,  Dec.  6,  1858. 
Seven  oldest  children  married ;  Mary  R. 


married  Scar  Wellman,  and  has  a  family 
of  eight  boys  ;  Samuel  P.  married  Eliza 
A.  Walton,  and  has  a  family  of  three 
boys ;  Sarah  E.  married  Richard  B. 
Alcock,  and  has  a  family  of  six  girls ; 
Andrew  J.  married  Elizabeth  Reynolds, 
and  has  a  family  of  three  boys  and  two 
girls;  Isaac  N.  married  Chastine  J. 
Moore,  and  has  a  family  of  two  boys  ; 
Aaron  R.  married  Martha  L.  Norton, 
and  has  a  family  of  one  boy  ;  Jane  A. 
married  Jno.  Latimer,  and  has  a  family 
of  three  boys.  All  of  the  above  married 
children  are  living  in  Delaware  Co., 
with  the  exception  of  Andrew  J.,  who 
is  living  in  the  Indian  Territory.  His 
principal  business  is  stock  raising ;  Rep. ; 
Methodist ;  Mr.  Sullivan  crossed  the 
Mississippi  River  Nov.  23,  1844,  at 
Lyons,  Iowa,  and  in  the  same  year  made 
a  permanent  settlement  where  he  now 
lives  ;  at  that  time  there  was  but  twenty- 
four  familes  in  Delawaie  Co.,  and  but 
four  families  in  the  township. 

Sullivan  Frank,  far. ;  S.  21 ;  P.  0.  Mason- 
ville. 

Sullivan  J.  N.  far.  ;  S.  21  ;  P.  0.    Mason- 
ville. 

Sullivan  Joshua,  laborer ;  Sec.  27  ;   P.   0. 
Manchester. 

Sullivan  M.  far. ;    S.  14;    P.  O.  Manches- 

TAYLOR      JOSEPH,      blacksmith ; 
Masonville. 

Thorpe    Wilber,   farmer;  Sec.   5 ;   P.    O. 
IVI 3.  n  c  n  G  s  fcsr 

TOWNER  CHARIiES  H.  LaborJ 
er  •  P.  <  >.  Manchester ;  born  in  Stock- 
ton Co.,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  28,  1853.  His 
father,  James  Towner,  was  born  in 
England,  1828,  died  Deo.  4,  1868. 
His  mother  was  born  in  England  in 
1 832,  her  maiden  name  being  Caroline 
Bothomel ;  she  died  April  13, 1872  ; 
but  five  of  the  family  are  living— Charles, 
born  Feb.  28,  1853;  James,  Sept. 
12,  1856;  Hannah  M.,  July  5,  1859; 
Williard,  Feb.  12,  1866,  and  Mary 
Helen,  April  13,  1868  ;  two  children 
deceased— Rorie,  born  Sept.  28,  1854, 
and  died  Sept  22,  1877  ;  Elizabeth  E., 
born  Feb.  21,  1862,  and  died  when 
quite  young.  Mr.  Towner's  parents 
came  to  Delaware  Co.  in  the  Spring  ot 
1855,  making  them  among  the  very 
early  settlers  of  the  township. 


668 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY : 


TRIPP   CHAS.  P.  Farmer;    Sec. 

17  ;  P.  0.  Masonville  ;  born  in  Canada 
West  Dec.  19,  1837;  in  the  Fall  of 
1853,  he  came  with  his  parents  to  this 
county  ;  married  Miss  Mary  E.  Bowen 
Dec.  16,  1860.  She  was  born  in  Penn 
Oct.  14,  1841 ;  have  five  children  living 
—Robert  R.,  born  Oct.  18,  1861 ;  L. 
A.,  March  24,  1867 ;  Chas.  E.,  May  9, 
1871;  Eugene  M.,  April  12,  1874; 
Ira.  S.,  April  11,  1876  ;  one  deceased, 
Michael  H.,  born  May  7,  1869,  died 
March  9,  1870;  enlisted  Aug.  13,  1862, 
in  Co.  P,  27th  I.  V.  I. ;  participated 
in  the  battles  of  Pleasant  Hill,  Cumber- 
land Heights,  and  many  others  ;  was 
mustered  out  June,  1865  ;  owns  100 
acres  of  land  valued  at  $3,000  ;  princi- 
pal product,  small  grain  ;  is  a  Republi- 
can. 

Tripp  Leother,  renter ;  Manchester. 

Tripp  S.  far. ;  Sec.   5  ;  P.  0.    Masonville. 

Trumblee  Geo.  farmer ;  Sec.  27  ;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 

TRUMBIiEE  PATRICK,  Farm- 
er ;  S.  27  ;,  P.  O.  Manchester ;  born  on 
British  waters  Jan.  1,  1815;  lived 
in  the  parish  of  St.  Paul  Bay  and 
thereabout  until  the  age  of  18  years, 
when  he  moved  to  Berksiiire  Co.,  Mass. 
Married  Sophrona  Hemenway  in  1840, 
who  died  in  1844.  Married  again  in 
1846  to  Miss  Julia  Jenkins,  who  is  the 
mother  of  his  four  sons — William  A., 
age  32  years ;  James,  aged  28 ;  Leo, 
who  died  Feb.  26,  1871,  at  the  age  of 

18  years,  and  George,  who  is  22  years 
of  age.  Their  mother  died  May  20, 
1865.  Mr.  Trumblee  again  married 
Miss  Edna  C.  Cragin,  born  in  Windsor 
Co.,  Vt.,  Feb.  11,  1822.  Moved  to 
Delaware  Co.  Sept.  12r  1855.  Owns 
260  acres  of  land,  worth  $35  per  acre. 
Democrat. 

Trumblee  Wm.  far. ;  8.  27  ;  P.  0.  Man- 

"TTMPHREY  WM.  renter;  P.  0.  Man- 

V    y  f  h  PStiPl* 

YAN  ALSTINE  GEO.  farmer;  S. 
28  ;  P.  0.  Masonville. 
\A\  AliST  YWE  C.  M.  Farmer ; 
Sec.  26  ;  P.  0.  Manchester ;  born  in 
Columbia  Co.,  N.  Y.,  March  17,  1809, 
where  he  remained  until  1864;  coming 
to  this  county  and  settling  where  he 
now   lives,  April   15,  1864.      Married 


Margaret  Leggett  Nov.  12,  1835  ;  she 
was  born  in  Columbia  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept." 
9,  1816  ;  have  one  child  living,  Anna, 
born  July  8,  1838,  and  three  children 
deceased — Jane,  born  Oct.  17,  and  died 
Oct.  22,  1874  ;  Mary,  born  Jan.  17, 
1842,  died  January,  1873;  Catharine, 
born  August  4,  1848,  died  July,  1857. 
Owns  270  acres  of  land,  well  improved, 
worth  $40  per  acre  ;  principal  product, 
stock  raising.  Democrat. 
Van  Alstine  M.  far. ;  S.  26 ;  P.  0.  Man- 

Van  Alstine,  far. ;  S.  28;  P.  0.  Masonville. 

VAN  AIJKEN  E.  Farmer;  S.  22; 
P.  0.  Manchester ;  born  in  Dutchess 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  June  5,  1808.  Moved 
with  parents,  when  quite  young,  to  Al- 
bany Co.(  N.  Y.,  where  he  remained  till 
1832,  then  moved  to  Fulton  Co.,  N.  Y., 
where  he  worked  at  the  shoemaker's 
trade  till  Dec,  1866.  Married  Miss 
Margaret  Swobe  Jan.  29,  1835.  She 
was  born  in  Montgomery  Co.,  N.  Y., 
Nov.  23, 1810.  Came  to  this  county  in 
Jan.,  1867,  and  settled  where  he  now 
lives ;  has  children,  two  living — Henry, 
born  in  Fulton  Co.,  N.  Y.,  June  2, 
1837  ;  Michael  S.,  June  3,  1850.  Two 
children  died  when  quite  young.  Michael 
S.  married  Clara  C.  Van  Alstyne  Nov.  6, 

1872.  She  was  born  Oct.  6,  1853; 
has  one  child — Maggiej*  born  Aug.  23, 

1873.  He  resides  with  his  father. 
Owns  80  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $3,000. 
Democrat  and  Presbyterian. 

Van  Auken  M.  S.  farmer ;  Sec.  22  ;  P.  0. 
iVTfl  no  npstPT 

WADS  WORTH  W.  W.  renter;  Sec. 
34;  P.O.  Manchester. 

Walling  Thorn,  renter;   P.  0.  Masonville. 

Wellman  H.  G.  land  agent;  P.  0.  Mason- 
ville. 

WEL,L,1IAN  OSCAR,  Farmer; 
Sec.  31;  P.  0.  Masonville;  born  in 
Steuben  Co.,  N.  Y.,  March  25,  1831  ; 
came  to  Wisconsin  in  1850,  where  he 
remained  until  the  Fall  of  1 853,  when 
he  came  to  Delaware  County  and  settled 
where  he  now  lives.  Mairied  Mary  R. 
Sullivan  Sept.  14,  1856  ;  she  was  born 
July  13,  1839 ;  have  eight  children  liv- 
ing and  one  deceased — Ray  I,  born 
Nov.  8,  1857;  Oswell  Z.,  born  Oct.  14, 
1859;  GeoTiie  A.,  Sept.  14,  1861; 
Aaron   L.,   Nov,    23,    1863;   Birt   J., 


SOUTH  FORK  TOWNSHIP. 


669 


Sept.  10,  1867;  Frank  G.,  May  18, 
1872;  P.  H,,  Aug.  31,  1874 ;  S.  M., 
Jan.  7,  1877  ;  Alonzo  L.,  Oct.  8,  1865, 
and  died  Feb.  4,  1866.  Mr.  Wellman 
has  held  the  office  of  Assessor  for  ten 
years  in  succession  ;  he  owns  236  acres 
of  land,  worth  $40  per  acre ;  principal 
product,  stock  raising. 

Westbrook  S.  D.  farmer  ;  Sec.  2 ;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 

WLLIilAHnS  THOS.  li.  MRS. 
Farminn: ;  Sec.  29 ;  P.  0.  Masonville ;  she 
married  T.  L.  Williams,  who  was  born  in 
London,  England,  Oct.  25, 1801,  and  died 


Sept.  15,  1872;  they  were  married  in 
Boston  April  24,  1846;  her  maiden 
name  was  Nancy  Rand,  and  she  was 
born  in  Nova  Scotia  Jan.  21,  1823; 
have  four  children  living — John,  born 
May  7, 1846  ;  Theodore  L.,  born  March 
17,1851;  Henry  L.,  born  Oct.  4, 1853; 
Jacob  W.,  born  July  10,  1858;  one 
son  dead — James  L.,  born  Sept.  12, 
1848,  and  died  July  2,  1874.  Her 
father  was  born  in  Nova  Scotia  in  1780, 
and  her  mother  born  there  in  1781. 

ZERFOSS  GEORGE,  well  driller;  P. 
0.  Masonville. 


SOUTH    FORK    TOWNSHIP. 


ABBOTT  E.  L.  stonemason;  Hopkin- 
ton. 
Abbott  M.  M.  laborer  ;  Hopkinton. 
Abbott  0.  C.  restaurant ;  Hopkinton. 
Adkins  Thus,  laborer  ;  Hopkinton. 
Ambrose  R.  L.  painter ;  Sand  Spring. 

BACKUS  F.  E.  harness  maker ;  Hop- 
kinton. 

Backus  S.  G.  harness  maker  ;  Hopkinton. 

Barden  A.  cooper  ;  Hopkinton. 

Barker  C.  S.  merchant ;  Hopkinton. 

Barker  J.  W.  farm  hand ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

Barnes  E.  F.  farmer. 

Barton  D.  A.  retired  far. ;  P.  O.  Sand 
Spring. 

Beitz  Chas.  farmer. 

Bell  David,  far. ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

Billings  M.  V.  far. ;  S.  9  ;  P.O.  Hopkinton. 

Blair  Alex.  far. ;  S.  22  ;  P.  0.  Sand  Spring. 

Block  Peter,  farmer ;  P.  0.  Sand  Spring. 

Bort  A.  F.  far.  ;  Sec.  29  ;  P.  0.  Sand 
Spring. 

Bort  A.  L.  Justice  of  the  Peace;  Hopkin- 
ton. 

Bort  E.  W.  painter;  Hopkinton. 

BO  WEN  ASA  C.  Dairyman; 
Sand  Spring  ;  was  born  in  Herkimer 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  June  30,  1827,  and  lived 
there  until  24  years  of  age  ;  assisted  in 
a  dairy  until  17  years  of  age,  when  he 
commenced  working  at  carpentering,  and 
continued  at  that  during  the  Summer, 
and  teaching  school  and  music  Winters 
until  24  years  old.  In  the  Winter  of 
1851,  he  commenced  the  study  of  medi- 


cine at  Albany,  N.  Y. ;  the  following 
Spring  he  moved  West,  first  settling  on 
Bowen's  Prairie  in  Jones  Co.,  and  lived 
there  until  1866,  when  he  sold  out  there 
and  came  to  his  present  location.  He 
was  engaged  in  the  business  of  this 
county  all  of  the  time,  and  was  instru- 
mental, as  an  agent,  in  locating,  settling, 
and  developing  a  great  amount  of  land 
in  this  township.  In  1868,  he  began 
the  manufacture  of  butter  and  cheese  in 
a  small  way,  and  in  1863,  introduced  the 
cheese  vat,  probably  the  first  used  in 
Iowa.  Built  the  first  factory  for  the 
use  of  patrons  in  this  part  of  the  State. 
Was  married-Oct.  7,  1851,  to  Armenia 
Yoran,  who  was  born  in  Herkimer  Co., 
N.  Y.,  Jan.  1,  1828 ;  she  died  in  1871. 
Oct.  30,  1871,  was  married  to  Ella 
Shemaker,  who  was  born  Sept.  25, 
1847  in  Herkimer  Co.,  JS.  Y. ;  two 
children  living — Asa  Collyer  and  Myra 
Hattie  ;  one  dead  ;  owns  210  acres  of 
land. 

Bowen  T.  H   retired  far. ;  Sand  Spring. 

Brahaney  Thos.  labcrer  ;  Hopkinton. 

Brewer  Chas.  farmer. 

Brokaw  Pllilip,  far.;  S.  9;  P.O.  Hopkinton. 

Bruoks  Homer,  far.  ;S.  7;  P.O.  Hopkinton. 

Brooks  R.G.  far. ;  S.  7  ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

Browder  G.  R.,far.;  S.3  ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

BROWN  G.  H.,  Merchant  and  Post- 
master; Sand  Spring.  Was  born  in 
Ashtabula  Co.,  Ohio,  Sept.  3,  1832. 
His  home  was  there  for  34  years ;  was 


670 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


a  farmer  most  of  the  time,  but  engaged 
in  buying  live  stock  abouc  three  years. 
In  1866,  came  to  the  county,  and  has 
since  made  his  home  here.  The  first 
year,  was  engaged  in  the  live  stock  trade ; 
after  that,  went  on  a  farm  and  followed 
farming  until  1876,  when  he  com- 
menced business  in  Sand  Spring ;  was 
appointed  Postmaster  in  Nov.  1875 ; 
was  married  in  1 865  to  Helen  Chilson, 
who  was  born  in  Ashtabula  Co.,  Ohio, 
July  31,  184.:i.  One  child,  named 
Charlie.  Methodist ;  Republican ;  was 
Township  Trustee  two  terms,  and  is  now 
the  Treasurer  of  the  Creamery  A8.^ocia- 
tion  in  Saud  Spring. 

Brown  John  J  ,  farmer . 

Buchus  William. 

Burnham  L.  R.  laborer  ;  Sand  Spring. 

Byam  P.,  physician  ;  Hopkinton. 

CAMPBELL  JAMES  C,  merchant; 
Hopkinton. 

Campbell  J.  H.  merchant;  Hopkinton. 

CARTER   H.    A.   Retired   Farmer; 
Hopkinton ;    was    born    in    Massachu- 
setts in  1806 ;  lived  there  until  about 
28  years  old ;  removed   from   there  to 
St.  Louis,  and  lived  there  two   years ; 
then  came  to  Dubuque,  and  from  there 
here  in   1841  ;  in  partnership  with  Mr. 
Jackson ;  bought  the   claim   on   which 
Hopkinton  now  stands,  and  laid  out  the 
town  ;  waa  engaged  in  farming  most  of 
the  time.     In  1850,  moved    to  Cedar 
Rapids  and  engaged  in  mercantile  busi- 
ness ;  was    there  three  years  and  then 
moved   his    goods   to    Hopkinton  and 
opened  a  store  here.     At  one  time  had 
a  store   on  the  south  side  of  the  river. 
Was  married  January  1, 1833,  to  Susan 
Holt;  she   died   December   21,   1850; 
had  eight  children,  only  four  of  whom 
are  now  living — Jane  M..    Susan    H., 
Sarah  B.,  and  Mary  E. ;  Dec.  15,  1853, 
was  married  to  Maiy  J.  Nash,  who  was 
born  in  Maine  March  9,   1822;    they 
have  three  children  living — Samuel  P., 
William  N.  and  Hattie  E.     The  family 
belong  to  the  Presbyterian  Church ;  Re- 
publican.    Mr.    Carter    built  the    first 
mill   in  this  place;  also  built  the  first 
biidge  across  the  Maquoketa  here;   it 
stood  more  i:han  twelve  years  ;  has  been 
extensively  engaged  in  raising  hops,  and 
baled  the   first  bale  that  was   shipped 
from  Iowa.     The  idea  of  having  a  col- 


lege  here   originated   with  Mr.  Carter, 

and  he  was  the  first  to  propose  it. 
Carter  S.  P.  Hopkinton. 
Chadwell  Geo.,  Sand  Spring. 
Chaplin   E.    M.  farmer;  Sec.  26;  , P.    0. 

Sand  Spring. 
Chelisy  Ira. 

Cline  Abraham,  farmer;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 
Cormony  P.  S.   farmer ;    Sec.    17  ;  P.  0. 

Hopkinton. 
Crawford  C.  A.  carp. ;  Hopkinton. 
Crawford  G.  H.  blacksmith;  Hopkinton. 
Creamer  J.  P.  farmer. 
Crocker  Chas.  farmer ;  Sec.  28  ;  P.  0.  Sand 

Spring. 
Crocker  Cyrus,  farmer. 
Crozier  Lewis,  retired  ;  Hopkinton. 
Cruzenburg   W.  A.     teacher    in    college ; 

Hopkinton. 
Cummings  Saml.  physician  ;  Sand  Spring. 

D  AMIS  J.  T.  farmer;  Sec.  17  ;  P.  0; 
Hopkinton. 

Davis  Robert. 

Davis  W.  E.  station  agent  D.  &  N  W.  Ry. ; 
Hopkinton. 

DeLaush  C.  far ;  Sec.  8 ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

De  Laush  J.  far. ;    P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

Deshaw  F.  J.,  Sand  Spring. 

Deshaw  Frank,  farmer ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

Deshaw  Henry,  farmer ;  P  0.  Hopkinton. 

Deshaw  Stephen,  farmer ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

Dififenderfer  J.  G.  retired;  P.  0.  Hop- 
kinton. 

Dighton  B.  F.  far.;  8.  8  ;  P.  0.  Hop- 
kinton. 

Dunlap  Robt.  S.  far. ;  S.  15  ;  P.  0.  Hop- 
kinton. 

DuWald  Thos.,    Sand  Spring. 

TT^WART  HUGH,  P.  0.  Sand  Spring. 

Ewart  James,  P.  0.  Sand  Spring. 

Ewart  John,  farmer ;    P.  0.  Sand  Spring. 

Egan  Thomas. 

E  ARH ART  FR AXK  M.  Banker ; 
P.  0.  Hopkinton.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  born  in  Ohio  Sept.  1,  1848  ; 
lived  there  until  3  years  of  age, 
when  he  removed  with  his  parents  to 
Stark  Co.,  111.  His  home  was  on  a  farm 
until  22  years  old,  and  then  went  to 
Henry,  111.,  to  attend  Marshall  College. 
He  left  there  for  the  purpose  of  teaching 
school  for  a  time  ;  while  engaged  in  this 
occupation,  he  resolved  to  fit  himself  for 
a  teaoher,  and  accordingly  entered  the 
State  Normal  School,  at  Normal,    111. ; 


SOUTH  FORK  TOWNSHIP. 


671 


after  attending  that  institution  two  years 
he  was  offered  the  position  of  cashier  in 
the  bank  at  Wyoming,  111.,  and  accepted 
it ;  this  place  he  filled  for  four  years, 
and  theu  went  into  business  for  himself ; 
continued  at  that  for  about  one  year  and 
then  came  to  this  place  in  March,  1877, 
and  has  since  been  here  conducting  a 
general  banking  business.  He  was  mar- 
ried May  15,  1874,  to  Miss  Anna  M. 
Rule,  who  was  burn  in  Stark  Co.,  111., 
Mar.:h  16,  1848  ;  two  children— Maud 
and  Frank.  Mr.  Earhart  was  elected 
Mayor  of  Hopkintonatthelast  election  ; 
he  was  able  to  bring  letters  of  recom- 
mendation to  this  place  equal  to  any  the 
writer  has  ever  seen ;  they  certify  to  his 
business  capacity,  and  mark  him  a  first- 
class  business  man. 
TpERGUSON  J.  H.  farmer;  Sec.  11; 

FINIiEY  W.  H.,  M.  D.  Physician; 
Hopkinton  ;  was  born  in  Louisiana,  Mo., 
Febrauy  15,  1831 ;  lived  there  until 
21,  and  then  went  to  Jacksonville,  III, 
and  attended  school  there  until  1 855 ; 
then  came  to  Dubuque,  Iowa,  and 
studied  medicine  with  Jno.  W.  Finley ; 
attended  lectures  at  the  State  Medical 
College  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  gradu- 
ated there  in  1858  ;  came  to  Hopkinton 
in  Jan.  1859,  and  has  since  made  this 
his  home,  practicing  medicine ;  was  in 
the  army  two  and  one-half  years,  first 
as  Assistant  Surgeon  of  the  12th  I.  V. 
I.,  and  then  as  Surgeon  of  the  8th  I. 
Cavalry ;  after  the  war,  returned  here 
and  resumed  practice.  Was  married  in 
1861,  to  Lucy  A.  Cooley,  who  was  born 
near  Springfield,  Mass.;  she  was  precep- 
tress of  Lenox  Collegiate  Institute,  and 
connected  with  the  school  some  two  or 
three  years.  Owns  120  acres  of  land. 
Republican. 

Flude  Wm.  Prof,  of  Mtisic,  Lenox  Colle- 
giate Institute,  Hopkinton. 

aALYEON  RUP US,  saw-mill;  Hop- 
kinton. 

Gardiner  Rufus,  farmer. 

Gardner  W.  W.  farmer. 

Garlinghouse   D.   teamster.  Sand  Spring. 

Geary  W.  P.  blacksmith,  Hopkinton. 

Gibbs  Wm.  far. ;  S.  1 ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

OIBSOX  WM.  S.  Farmer;  Sec.  15  ; 
P.  0.  Hopkinton  ;  was  born  in  Indiana 
Co.,  Penn.,  in   1822,  and  lived  there 


until  6  years  of  age,  when  he  went  to 
Jefferson  Co.,  in  the  same  State  and 
lived  until  1866,  then  came  to  this 
county  and  has  since  made  it  his  home ; 
owns  80  acres  of  land,  valued  at  |2,800. 
Married  Malinda  McKee,  of  Pa.,  in 
1847  ;  has  five  children — Thomas  Mc- 
Kee, James  A.,  Andrew  C.  C,  William 
E.,  John  H.  Mrs.  Gibson  died  in  1876. 
Mr.  Gibson  was  Justice  of  the  Peace 
four  years.    Republican.    Presbyterian. 

Graham  C.  W.  dealer  in  butter  and  cheese  ; 
Sand  Spring. 

Gosting  E.  far. ;   S.  12  ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

Green  C.  F  far. ;  S.  7  ;   P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

Green  B.  H.far.,';  S.  8  ;   P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

Green  J.  W.  far. ;  S.  7  ;  P.  O.  Hopkinton. 

Gordon  Barney,  sec.  boss  ;  Hopkinton. 

Guthrie  P.  farmer;  Sec.  21  ;  P.  0.  Sand 
Spring. 

HARDESTY  C.  farmer ;  Sec.  36  :  P. 
0.  Sand  Spring. 
HARDY  JAMBS,  Retired  Parmer; 
Hopkinton.  Mr.  Hardy  was  born  in 
Campbell  Co.,  Va.,  in  1816  ;  lived  there 
until  16  years  old,  when  he  went  to 
Kentucky ;  remained  there  five  years, 
and  then  went  to  Illinois ;  when  30  years 

•  of  age,  came  to  this  county ;  located  on 
Government  land,  in  what  is  now  North 
Fork  Tp. ;  lived  there  until  fourteen 
years  ago,  when  he  moved  into  Hopkin- 
ton ;  has  sold  all  of  his  farming  land  but 
about  110  acres  ;  was  married  June  22, 
1842,  to  Mary  L.  Sawyers,  who  was 
born  in  Washington  Co.,  111.,  June  18, 
1826  ;  has  two  ohildi/en living — JohnH. 
and  Mrs.  Martha  J.  Williamson  ;  one 
dead.  Democrat.  Has  been  a  member 
of  the  M.  E.  Church  thirty  years ;  has 
held  the  office  of  School  Director  and 
other  township  offices ;  was  a  member  of 
the  first  Grand  Jury,  and  had  the  shade 
of  a  tree  for  the  jury-room. 

Hatcter  J.  F.  gunsmith ;  Hopkinton. 

Harmon  Merit,  retd.  clgmn. ;  Hopkinton. 

Harper  James,  P.  0.  Sand  Spring. 

Harris  Andrew,  stone  mason  ;  Hopkinton. 

Harris  James,  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

Harvey  E.  W.  blacksmith  ;  Hopkinton. 

Hassenpflugh  J.  M.  rtd.far.;  Sand  Spring. 

Heeler  James. 

Hendee  D.  D.  butcher ;  Hopkinton. 

Hendee!H.  N.  dentist;  Hopkinton. 

Hod^e  Rev.  Samuel,  D.  D.  Prest.  Lenox 
Collegiate  Institute  ;  Hopkinton. 


672 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


Holcomb  Andrew,  lab. ;  Hopkinton. 
Holcomb  Darwin,  farmer;  Hopkinton. 
Holcomb  Harry,  farmer  ;  Hopkinton 
Holmes  Samuel. 

Hopkins  E.  J.  laborer ;  Hopkinton. 
Hubbard  L.  A.  far.  ;  Sec.  28 ;  P.  0.  Sand 

Spring. 
Hussey  John,  laborer  ;  Sand  Spring. 
Hyler  Chas.  L.  miller  ;  Hopkinton. 
Hyler  G.  L.  miller;  Hopkinton. 
Hyler  G.  W.  miller  ;  Hopkinton. 
Hyler  H.  S.  miller;  Hopkinton. 

JEWETT  D.  C.  farmer;  Sec.  34;  P. 
0.  Sand  Spring. 

JACKSOX  liEROY,  Retired; 
P.  0.  Hopkinton ;  was  born  in  Ken- 
tucky in  1804,  and  lived  ihere  until  22 
years  old ;  he  then  went  to  New  Orleans, 
hut  not  being  able  to  stand  the  climate, 
went  to  Missouri ;  was  there  about  five 
years,  but  came  up  to  Galena  for  two 
Summers ;  was  in  Iowa  as  early  as  1828  ; 
lived  at  Dubuque,  Prairie  du  Chien  and 
Galena ;  was  employed  most  of  the  time 
as  an  Indian  trader ;  built  the  first  brick 
house  in  Dubuque  and  kept  the  first 
hotel  there ;  in  1833,  came  to  this  county 
on  a  trading  expedition,  and  liked  the 
looks  of  the  country  so  well  that  he 
remained  ;  about  four  hundred  Indians 
here  then ;  in  company  with  H.  A. 
Carter,  laid  out  the  town  of  Hopkinton 
about  1840;  was  married  in  1837,  to 
Jerusha  M.  Wright,  who  was  born  in  New 
York  City  in  1819  ;  have  eight  children 
living — Louisa,  Henry  C,  Martha,  Ed- 
ward, Susan,  Frank,  Fred,  Louis ;  one 
son  killed  in  the  army  ;  owns  400  acres 
of  land ;  Republican ;  was  first  Sherifi' 
of  the  county  and  held  the  office  three 
years;  has  a  splendid  spring  near  his 
house,  ovpr  which  he  has  built  a  cream- 
ery; riin  a  saw-mill  on  Plum  Creek 
about  twenty  years;  kept  hotel  here 
ever  since  he  came. 

Johnson  H.  M.  grain  dealer  ;  Hopkinton. 

Joseph  P.  0.  shoemaker;  Hopkinton. 

KEELBR  JAMES,  farmer  ;  Sec.  8  ; 
P.  0.  Hopkinton. 
Kilpatrick,  retired   far. ;    P.  0.  Hopkin- 
ton. 
King  Moor,  laborer ;  Hopkinton. 
Kirk  J.  C.  farmer;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 
Kirk  Ryan,  farmer ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 
Kirkwood  A.,  Jr.  furn.    deoler;    Hopin- 
kinton. 


KIRKWOOD   AliEXAN- 

DEJB,  Furniture  Maker  and  Under- 
taker ;  Hopkinton  ;  was  born  in  Scot- 
land in  1811 ;  came  to  this  country  ia 
1829  ;  lived  at  Albany,  N.  Y.,  twoyears^ 
and  then  moved  to  Philadelphia  and  was 
there  about  six  years  ;  in  piano  making 
business  there ;  returned  to  Scotland, 
where  he  lived  two  years  and  then  came 
back  here;  lived  at  Buffalo,  N.  Y., 
eight  years,  then  moved  into  Canada, 
where  he  lived  six  years ;  came  to  this 
place  in  1856,  and  has  made  it  his  home 
since ;  was  in  37  th  Iowa  about  two 
years,  and  discharged  on  account  of  sick- 
ness ;  was  married  in  1831,  to  Agnes 
G.  Campbell ;  has  six  children  livings— 
A.  F.,  J.  C,  Maggie,  Marion,  Helen  J., 
Annie  F. ;  Mrs.  Kirkwood  died  about 
two  years  ago ;  Democrat. 

Kirkwood  J.  C.  furn.  dealer ;  Hopkinton. 

T    AKEY,  JNO. 

Leffelholtz  L.  merchant ;  Sand  Spring. 
liEFFEIiHOIiZ    liEOXABD, 

Merchant;  Sand  Spring;  was  born  in 
Germany  Oct.  1,  1845,  and  came  to 
this  country  in  1865  ;  his  first  stopping 
place  was  DyersvUle,  where  he  lived  five 
years  engaged  in  farming ;  then  came  to 
Sand  Spring  and  kept  a  saloon  four 
years  ;  then  engaged  in  the  general  mer- 
cantile business  and  has  since  continued 
at  it.  While  in  Germany,  he  was  farm- 
ing and  working  at  the  blacksmith 
business;  was  married  June  11,  1866, 
to  Katrina  Huttenmueller,  who  was  born 
in  Germany  Oct.  25,  1841 ;  has  four 
children — Mary  A.,  Sophia  M.,  Maria 
S.  and  Leonard ;  Dem. 

Littlefield  J.  E.  far.  ;  Sec.  16  ;  P.  0.  Hop- 
kinton. 

Littlefield  W.  H.  far. ;  Sec.  16  ;  P.  0. 
Hopkinton. 

lilTTIiEFIEIiD  P.  M.  Farmery 
Sec.  16  ;  P.  O.  Hopkinton  ;  was  born  in 
this  county  in  1853  and  has  made  it  his 
home  all  his  life  ;  was  married  in  1872, 
to  Caroline  Conner,  from  Illinois ;  have 
three  children — Edith,  Ethel  and  Perry ; 
owns  120  acres  of  land,  valued  at 
$3,500;  has  been  farming  all  his  life, 
and  has  never  been  out  of  the  State  but 
once.     Republican. 

Livingston  Alex,  far. ;  Sec.  32  ;  P.  0.  Sand 
Spring. 


SOUTH  FORK  TOWNSHIP. 


673 


liiyiXGSTON    HUGH,    Drug 
gist ;   Hopkinton ;  the    parents    of   Mr. 
Livingston  were  among  the  first  settlers 
in  this  county  ;  they  were  from  Scotland, 
and  had  emigrated  to  the  Selkirk  settle- 
ment, on  the  Red  River.     They  came 
to  Dubuque  in  1835 ;  lived  there  until 
1837,  when  they  came  here  and  settled 
on  Sections  19  and  30,  it  being  the  sec- 
ond claim  made  in  the  county.     Mr.  L. 
was  born  in  this  county  in  Oct.,  1844; 
his  father  died  when  he  was   about  4 
years  old,  and  he  lived  with  his  mother 
until    1866 ;    he  then  went  West   and 
traveled   over   nearly   all   the  Western 
States    and    Territories;    was   engaged 
most  of  the  time  in  building  the  U.  P. 
Ry.,  and  foUowedT  that  road  through  to 
its    terminus  ;   about  a  year  and  a  half 
was  in  the  Government  service;  was  in 
the  South  awhile,  in  the  stock  business  ; 
came  back  here  about  1870  and  went  on 
to  the  farm  again  ;  did  some  work  for  the 
D.  &  N.   W.  Ry.  while  on  the  farm; 
about  four  years  ago,  he  went  into  the 
drug  business  and  has  continued  at  it 
since  ;  Rep. ;  Presb. 

Loop  E.  M.  Hopkinton. 

liOOP  XORMAW,  Liveryman ; 
Hopkinton;  was  born  in  Onondaga  Co., 
N.  Y.,  Nov.  25,  1833  ;  when'  about  11 
years  old,  went  to  the  Erie  Canal  and 
was  engaged  on  canal  and  lake  boats  for 
thirteen  years  ;  then  came  to  Milwaukee, 
Wis.,  and  lived  in  Wisconsin  and  Illi- 
nois eighteen  months,  engaged  in  farm- 
ing ;  then  came  to  this  county  and  has 
made  it  his  home  here  since ;  about 
eleven  months  ago,  began  the  livery 
business  here ;  was  married  March  18, 
1856,  to  Charlotte  Hays,  who  was  born 
in  Otsego  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1842  ;  owns 
165  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $5,000; 
Rep. 

Lord  A.  A.  retired;  Hopkinton. 

liOrOH  J.  H.  Liveryman  ;  Hopkin- 
ton ;  was  born  in  this  county  Feb.  3, 
1850  ;  lived  here  until  1868,  and  then 
went  to  Clayton  Co.,  where  he  remained 
two  years,  and  then  returned  to  Dela- 
ware Co. ;  was  engaged  in  farming  until 
about  three  years  ago,  when  he  com- 
menced the  livery  business  here  and  has 
followed  it  since  ;  Rep. 

MAI^I^OKY  CHAS.  W.  Farmer; 
S.  14;  P.  0.  Sand  Spring;  was  born  in 


NewYorkinl834.  When  about  6  years 
old,  he  removed  to  Kane  Co.,  III.,  and 
lived  there  fifteen  years,  then  moved  to 
Bremer  Co.,  Iowa.     In  1861,  enlisted 
in  9th  Iowa  Infantry,  and  served  three 
years.     Afl;er  the  war,   he  returned  to 
Bremer  Co.,  and  remained  there  until 
1867,  when  he  came  to  Delaware  Co. 
In  1870,  moved  to  Nebraska,  but  re- 
turned  here  in    1874.     Married  Jane 
Mullen,    of  Indiana,   in    1864.     They 
had  two  children — Ella  D.  and  Mary  J. 
Mrs.  Mallory  died  Dec.  31,  1866. ;  was 
married  to  Mary  E.  Bell,  of  Iowa,  April 
8,  1869.     They  have  three  children — 
Llewellyn  B.,  Minnie  M.,  and  Ray  L. 
Republican ;  Methodist  Episcopal. 
Marks  Theo.  far. ;  S.  5 ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 
Marshall  Jas.  machinist ;  Sand  Spring. 
MARTIN   WM.    H.     Hopkinton, 
whose   portrait   appears   in  this   work, 
was  born  in  Saratoga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  July 
2,  1810.     His  fother,- William  Martin, 
was  a  native  of  New  Jersey,  and  moved 
to  Saratoga  Co.,  N.  Y.      The  subject  of 
this  sketch  came  to  Wyoming  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  in  1826,  and  was  engaged  in  farm- 
ing.    In  the  Pall  of  1842,  he  came  to 
Plum  Creek,  and  was  engaged  in  cutting 
wood  on  the   Mississippi  River.     The 
same  Summer,  he  purchased  a  farm,  and, 
returning   to   Wyoming    Co.,    N.   Y., 
brought   West  his  family,  arriving   at 
Plum   Creek  July  7,  1843,  where  his 
father    died    March    20,    1874.      He 
moved  from  there  to  his  present  home 
in  Hopkinton  in  Nov.,  1874,  where  he 
has  since  resided.     Was  Mayor  of  Hop- 
kinton in  1877  ;  married  Martha  White 
in  Warsaw,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  6,  1840.      She 
was  born  in  Wyoming  Co.,  N.  Y.,  July 
23,  1817,  and  died  at  Plum  Creek  Sept. 
16,  1869.     They  had  eight   children, 
seven  living — Adelma,  Mary,  Ann,  El- 
len, Albina,  Etta  and  Adele ;  one  dead 
— Elnora.    He  married  his  present  wife, 
Aurilla  Farrand,  in  Sandusky,  N.  Y., 
Sept  22,  1871.     She  was  born  in  Fair- 
field, Vt.,  Aug.  15,  1835.     They  have 
two  children — Winnie  and  Alice. 

Mason  Wm.  farmer. 

Mathers  C.  teamster ;  Sand  Sprmg. 

Mather  Francis,    teamster;  P.    0.   band 
Spring.  ^   „    , .  ^ 

Mathers  T.  far. ;  S.  29  ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

Matheson  A.  far. ;  S.  2(1 ;  P.  0.  Hopkmton. 


674 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


Matheson  Hugh,  Constable  ;  Hopkinton. 
Mc  AKTHtJR  JAMBS,  Flour  Deal- 
er ;  Hopkinton ;  was  born  in  Scott  Co., 
Iowa,May4, 1839,and  lived  there  thirty- 
one  years  ;  then  came  here,  and  has  been 
here  since  ;  while  in  Scott  Co.,  he  was 
engaged  in  farming ;  since  coming  here, 
has  been  engaged  in  merchandising  and 
in  stock  and  grain  business,  handling 
stock  and  grain  three  years ;  about  six 
months  ago,  commenced  to  deal  in  flour 
exclusively ;  has  the  entire  flour  trade 
of  Hopkinton,  except  what  is  done  at 
the  mill ;  sells  about  100  bai-rels  per 
month  ;  was  married  Feb.  14,  1863,  to 
Miss  M.  J.  Moore,  who  was  born  in  Cin- 
cinnati in  1841.  Presb. ;  Kep. ;  has 
one  child  living — Anna  E. 
McBride  David,  druggist;  Hopkinton. 
McBride  T.  H.  Prof.  Mathematics,  Lenox 

Collegiate  Institute;  Hopkinton. 
McCaitney  N.    far. ;  S.  23 ;  Sand  Spring. 
McCollough  Wm.  farmer  ;  Sec  17  ;  P.  0. 

Hopkinton. 
McCutchin  Samuel,  laborer ;  Hopkinton. 
McDonald  J.  H.  student ;  Hopkinton. 
McDonough   Jno.  far. ;  S  21  ;  P.  0.  Sand 

Spring. 
McDonough  M.  far.  ;  S.  21 ;  P.   0.  Sand 

Spring. 
McDonough   T.  far. ;  S.  28 ;   P.  0.   Sand 

Spring. 
McGinnis  Wm.  farmer. 
McGrinty  Michael,  P.  0.  Sand  Spring. 
McVey  A.  far. ;  S.  36  ;  P.  0.  Sand  Spring. 
McVey  J.  far. ;  S.  14 ;  P.  0.  Sand  Spring. 
McVey  J.   W.  far. ;    S.  13  ;   P.  0.  Sand 

Spring. 
Merriam  C.  E.  Postmaster ;  Hopkinton. 
Merriam  H.  C.  merchant;  Hopkinton. 
Melchert  M.  farmer. 
Milroy  Peter,  grain  dealer ;  Hopkinton. 
Molthrope  W.  E.  P.  0.  Sand  Spring. 
Morgan  Jas.  ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 
MORGAN  WM.  B.  Merchant ;  Hop- 
kinton ;  was  born  in  1830  in  New  York  ; 
while  very  young,  his  parents  moved  to 
Pa. ;  when  15   years  old  came  to  this 
county  and  settled  near  here  ;  is  by  trade 
a  carpenter  and  joiner ;  went  into  the 
army  in  1861,  in  Co.  K,  12th  I.  V.  I. ; 
was   discharged  at    Pittsburg  Landing 
in  1862,  and  then  came  back  here  ;  in 
1863,  wentinto  the  mercantile  business  ; 
.     was  in  business  about  six  years,  and  then 
sold  out,  and  went  on  a  farm .  where  he 


lived  eight  years,  then  commenced  busi- 
ness here  again.  Was  married  in  Dec, 
1854,  to  Sarah  Douglass,  from  Ohio ;  has 
two  children — James  and  Charles ;  Rep. 

Morrison  J.  E.  far.;  S.  15;  P.O.  Sand  Spring 

Morrison  J.  far.;  Sec.  16 ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

Morrison  Wm.  retired;  Hopkinton. 

Moseroy  Alex. 

Moulton  Simon,  stone  mason ;  Hopkinton. 

Mullen  J.  far.  ;  Sec.  9. 

Munster  P.  far. ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

Murray  James,  far. ;  Sec.  14  ;  P.  0.  Sand 
Spring. 

Myers  A.  B.  stone  mason ;  Hopkinton. 

Myers  S.  K.  P.  O.  Hopkinton. 

Myers  W.  W.  livery  stable ;  Hopkinton. 

NEEL  ALEX,  farmer;  Sec.  22;  P. 
0.  Sand  Spring. 
'SHAY  James,  laborer;  Hopkinton. 


o 


Overing  E.  J.  wagon  mkr. ;  Sand  Spring. 
Overing  Jas.  retired  ;  Sand  Spring. 
Overing  W.  A.  manufacturer ;  Sand  Spring. 

PAINE  DEWIT,  Sec.  25  ;  P.  0.  Sand 
Spring. 

Paine  P.  A.  far. ;  S.  25 ;  P.  O.  Sand  Spriug. 

Patterson  W.  A.  farmer  ;  Sec.  36  ;  P.  0. 
Sand  Spring. 

Paul  Frank,  teacher;  Hopkinton. 

Paul  Henry,  laborer ;  Hopkinton. 

Pelts  Peter,  farmer. 

Perkins  E.  C,  teacher;  Hopkinton. 

Perley  C.  C.  far. :  S.  36  ;  P.  0.  Sand  Spring. 

Peters  Fred,  Sand  Spring. 

Petrie  Wm.  teamster ;  Sand  Spring. 

Phillips  C.  far. ;  S.  26  ;  P.  0.  Sand  Spring. 

Pierce  D.  C. 

Pierce  H.  M. 

Pierce  N.  E.  photographer ;  Hopkinton. 

Piatt  Milton,  laborer  ;  Hopkinton. 

POPE  B.  F.  Farmer ;  Sec.  27 ;  P.  0. 
Sand  Spring ;  was  born  in  St.  Lawrence 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  May,  1805  ;  lived  there, 
engaged  in  farming,  until  1856,  and  then 
mi.ved  to  Elkhorn,  Wis.;  while  there, 
was  in  mercantile  and  grain  buying  busi- 
ness ;  in  1861,  he  came  to  this  place, 
settled  on  his  present  site,  and  has  since 
lived  here  engaged  in  farming ;  owns  a 
farm  of  45  acres.  Was  married  in 
August,  1857,  to  Miss  Bristol,  who  was 
born  in  Genesee  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1821; 
two  children — Mary  H.  Bowen  and 
Hattie  E.  Republican.  Was  Magis- 
trate two  years,  and  Road  Supervisor 


SOUTH  FORK  TOWNSHIP. 


675 


Porter  Henry,  lab.;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

QUIRK,  EDMUND,  farmer ;  Sec.  35 ; 
P.  0.  Sand  Spring. 
Quirk  J.  far. ;  S.  35  ;  P.  0.  Sand  Spring. 
Quirk  R.  far. ;  S.  36;  P.  0.  Sand  Spring. 

REED  H.  W.  farmer,  Sec.  4;  P.  0. 
Hopkinton. 

Reed  A.  G.;  P.  0.  Sand  Spring. 

Reed  Jas.;  P.  0.  Sand  Spring. 

Reed  J.  A.;  P.  0.  Sand  Spring. 

Reed  J.  S.  far.;  8.  32 ;  P.  0.  Sand  Spring. 

REEVES  C.  E.  Butcher ;  P.  0.  Hop- 
kinton ;  was  born  in  Lorain  Co.,  Ohio, 
in  June,  1841 ;  when  about  21,  learned 
the  photographer's  business,  at  Colum- 
bus, and  worked  at  it  about  two  or  three 
years ;  was  sick  then  for  about  three 
years ;  then  went  to  Grand  Rapids, 
Mich.,  where  he  was  engaged  in  travel- 
ing for  a  confectionery  house  and  clerk- 
ing in  a  grocery  store;  returned  to 
Ohio  in  about  two  years,  and  went  to 
butchering ;  engaged  in  that  about 
two  or  three  years,  and  then  came  to 
Hopkinton  and  engaged  at  once  in 
the  butcher  business,  and  has  continued 
at  it  since.  Was  married  in  April, 
1873,  to  Emma  Root,  who  was  born  in 
Lorain  Co.,  Ohio,  in  1843  ;  two  children 
—Edward  C.  and  Willie  R.  Repub- 
lican. 

Reeves  Isaac,  butcher  ;  Hopkinton. 

Rickets  G.  H.  far.;  S.  16 ;  P.O.  Hopkinton. 

Ricketts  H.  far.;  S.  16  ;  P.  O.  Hopkinton. 

Rodgers  A.  E.  student;  Hopkinton. 

Rollins  J.  A.  sta.  agt.  D.  S.  W.  R'y;  P. 
0.  Sand  Spring. 

Roth  Peter,  farmer. 

Rush  John,  com.  trav.;  P.  O.  Hopkinton. 

Rutter  E.  carpenter ;  Hopkinton. 

Rutter  H.  E.  carp.;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

Rutter  J.  A.  laborer  ;  Hopkinton. 

Rynders  A.  shoemkr ;  Sand  Spring. 

SCHLBMLEIN    J.  R.  Sr.  tailor;    P.' 
0.  Hopkinton. 
Schlemlein  J.  R.  Jr.  wagon  mkr.;    Hop- 
kinton. 
Samuels  Frank,  fanner. 
Seager  Jas. 

Shane  R.  far.;  S.  34 ;  P.  0.  Sand  Spring. 
Shimeal  C.  F.  harness  mkr.;  Hopkinton. 
Shoemaker T.  far.;  8.26;  P.O.SandSpring. 
Shuster  Cris.  farmer. 

Slausen  F.  D.  far.;  8.25 ;  P.O.Sand  Spring. 
Slausen  Jas.  P.  0.  Sand  Spring. 
Slausen  N.  far.;  S.  22;  P.O.  Sand  Spring. 


SliArSEX  S.  51.  Retired  Parmer; 
Sand  Spring ;  was  born  in  Montgomery 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  March  1804,  and  lived 
there  until  1851  ;  when  14  years 
old,  commenced  teaming  and  teamed 
six  years;  then  learned  the  cooper's 
trade  and  worked  at  that  about  thirty 
years;  he  came  here  in  1851,  and  com- 
menced farming  and  continued  at  that 
until  five  years  ago  when  he  moved  into 
town ;  owns  HOO  acres  of  land.  Was 
married  Nov.  23, 1828,  to  Laura  Eldred; 
has  six  children  —  Nelson,  Douglas, 
James,  Malvina,  Fannie  and  Ella.  Dem- 
ocrat. 

Smith  A.  W.  carpenter,  Hopkinton. 

Smith  H.  far.;  S.  4;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

SMITH  ISAAC,  Retired;  Hopkin- 
ton ;  was  born  in  Berkshire  Co.,  Mass., 
in  November,  1803  ;  lived  there  until  14 
yeairs  old  and  then  moved  to  Ohio ;  in 
1830,  went  back  to  New  York  and 
remained  until  1846,  when  he  came  to 
this  county  and  moved  on  to  a  farm 
six  miles  west  of  Hopkinton ;  in  1855, 
he  moved  into  Hopkinton,  there  being 
only  two  houses  here  at  the  time  ;  until 
that  time  was  engaged  principally  in 
farming,  and  since  then  has  been  work- 
ing at  carpenter's  trade.  Was  married 
in  1826  to  Lucy  Crozier,  who  was  born 
in  Ma-ss.,  in  1809;  has  four  children 
living — Catherine,  Angeline,  Perry  L., 
and  Eliza ;  three  dead.  Was  in  the 
army  three  years,  in  Co.  F,  37th  Iowa, 
the  "grey  beards;"  was  Sherifi"  here 
four  years,  and  Assessor  at  the  same 
time.     Republican.     Presbyterian. 

Smith  J.  A.  laborer,  Hopkinton. 

Smith  J.  D.  T.  farmer;  Sec.  11;  P.  0. 
Sand  Spring. 

Smith  P.  D.  lumber  dealer ;  Hopkinton. 

Smith  V  L.  painter;  Hopkinton. 

Snickles  Geo.  laborer ;  Hopkinton. 

Spaulding  M.  L. 

Spence  Wm.  far. ;  Sec.  29 ;  P.  0.  Sand 
Spring. 

Sylvester  J.  W.  laborer  ;  Hopkinton. 

^  ATE  A.  brick  maker ;  Hopkinton, 


T' 


TAPPINtJ  li-  C.  Hopkinton;  was 
born  in  Buriington,  Vt.,  March  22, 
1812,  where  he  resided  until  the  age  of 
30,  when  he  went  to  Washington  Co., 
N.  Y.,. working  at  the  iron  business  for 
ten  years;  he  then  moved  to  McKane 


676 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY : 


Co.,  Pa.,  remaining  there  until  his  re- 
moval to  Hopkinton  in  1856,  where  he 
has  since  resided,  having  been  en- 
gaged in  blaoksmithing  and  repairing 
machinery  until  five  years  since,  when 
he  built  the  "Central  House,"  of  which 
he  is  still  proprietor.  He  married  his 
first  wife,  Miss  Ruth  Bennett,  of  Rich- 
mond, Vt.,  Jan.  7, 1833  ;  she  died  Aug. 
30,  1857 ;  they  had  ten  children,  one 
only  living — Horace  T.  His  second 
wife  was  Susan  Mariam,  whom  he  mar- 
ried Jan.  14,  1858  ;  she  died  October, 
1859.  His  third  wife  was  Lydia  Light- 
ner ;  was  married  to  her  Jan.  27,  1860  ; 
she  died  in  1862.  Married  his  fourth 
and  present  wife,  Elizabeth  J.  Gilbert, 
March  12,  1865.  He  has  an  adopted 
daughter,  formerly  EvaRobbnew,  named 
Eva  Adeline  Tapping. 

Tate  D.  H.  brick  maker  ;  Hopkinton. 

Tate  John  W.  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

Taylor  W.  H.  carpenter  ;  Hopkinton. 

Tertelotte  S.  J.  ins.  agt.  ;  B.  0.  Hopkin" 
ton. 

Tesser  Thos.  lab. ;  Hopkinton. 

Thompson  E.  W.  lab. ;  Sand  Spring. 

Thompson  Thos.  Pastor  M.  E.  Church  ; 
P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

Tibbits  J.  far. ;  S.  10  ;  P.  0.   Hopkinton. 

Tibbits  Samuel. 

Tuttle   A.  Justice  of  the  Peace;    Sand 
Spring. 

YANCE  W.  H.  farmer ;  P.  0.  Hop- 
kinton. 

WESTCOTT  P.  F.  jeweler  ;  P.  0. 
Hopkinton. 
WALLACE,  JOmf  J.  Dealer  in 
Hardware ;  Hopkinton  ;  was  born  in 
in  Orange  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  27,  1841 ; 
he  lived  there  until  December,  1863, 
when  he  came  here ;  he  lived  on  a  farm 
until  he  was  21,  when  he  commenced 
work  as  a  tinner ;  after  moving  West  he 
worked  at  that  trade  two  years,  and 
then  went  back  to  New  York  ;  remained 
there  one  year  and  then  returned  to  this 
place ;  engaged  in  various  occupations 
until  1873,  when  he  went  into  the  hard- 
ware busines.s  as  one  of  the  firm  of 
Crawford  &  Wallace;  in  1875  bought 
out  his  partner,  and  has  since  conducted 
the  business  himself;  was  married  in 
January,  1876,  to  Ella  Kentz,  who  was 
born  in  Linn  Co.,  Iowa ;  one  child  ;  Re- 
publican. ■ 


WARNER  PETER  H.  Was  born 
in    Cobleskill,   Schoharie  Co.,    N.    Y., 
Oct.  20,  1821,  and  resided  in  that  por- 
tion of  the  town  which  was  subsequent- 
ly set  off  to  the  new  town  of  Richmond- 
ville  until  April  23, 1856,  then  removed 
to   Hopkinton,  Delaware   Co.,  Iowa,  ar- 
riving  there  on  the    30th  day  of  the 
same  month,  where  he  has  continued  to 
reside    until    the    present    time.       He 
served  a  clerkship  at   general  merchan- 
dising   from    September,    1839,    until 
April  1 843,  and  from  that  time  was  en- 
gaged in  mercantile  pursuits  (for  him- 
self and  others)  until   his  removal   to 
Hopkinton,  since  which  time  his  princi- 
pal occupation  has  been  that  of  merchan- 
dising, conjointly  with  the  dental,  photo- 
graphic, watch  making  and  jewelry  busi- 
ness.    As  Hopkinton  increased  in  popu- 
lation and  other  hands  were  ready  to  re- 
ceive   those  branches,  all    except   the 
photographic  branch   were  turned  over 
to  them.    During  his  residence  at  Hop- 
kinton, he  held  the  office  of  School  Di- 
rector about  two  years.  Township  Clerk 
about    five     years.     Postmaster    eight 
years,  Justice  of  the  Peace  eight  years. 
Notary  Public  ten  years,  and  Secretary 
of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Inde- 
pendent School   District  of  Hopkinton 
five  years,  still  retaining  the   two  last 
mentioned  offices.      He  established  the 
first    drug,  dental,    photographic     and 
watch  making  and  jewelry  business  at 
Hopkinton,  and  called  the  first  meeting 
ever  held  in  the  interest  of  the  Daven- 
port &  Northwestern  Railway  Company. 
Photojzraphy,   surveying    and    convey- 
ancing are    the    principal  branches  of 
business  which  engage  his  attention  at 
the  present  time.     He  was  married  at 
Riohmondville,  N.  Y.,  on  the  28th  day 
of  February,  1844,  to  Lucina  K.  West- 
cott,  who  was  born  at  Milford,  Otsego 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  on  the  20th  day  of  Novem- 
ber, 1824  ;  have  two  children,  bothboru 
at  Richmondville — Theresa  E.,  Sept.  21, 
1845,  and  Melville  0.,  Aug,  7,  1851. 
Theresa    E.    was  married   to  Willis  E. 
Brown    May  16,  1866,  and  who  soon 
after  removed  to  Manchester,  Delaware 
Co.,  Iowa,  where  she  now  resides  with  her 
husband.     They  have  one  son — Willis 
Warner  Brown,  aged    7    years.     Mel. 
villa  0.  also  resides  at  Manchester. 


RICHLAND  TOWNSHIP. 


677 


Westcott  8.  farmer  ;  P.  0.  Sand  Spring. 
Wheeler  Lewis,  farmer. 
White  Barney,  farmer. 
Whitney  R.  W.  laborer ;  Sand  Spring. 
Willard  A.  laborer ;  Hopkinton. 
Willard  Daniel,  carpenter ;  Hopkinton. 
Willard  P.  B.  laborer ;  Hopkinton. 
Willard  Harrison,  laborer. 
Willard  P.  H.  laborer ;  Hopkinton. 
Willard  Eufus,  laborer ;  Hopkinton. 
Wilson  Allen,  farmer. 


Wilson  D.  A.  farmer;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 
Wi  son  Robt.  far.;  S.  8  ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 
Wilkinson  William. 
Williambush  Hermann,  far.;    S.   3  ;  P.  0. 

Worthington. 
Williamson  J.  T.  stock  dealer  ;  Hopkinton. 
Williamson   W.  R.  druggist;   Hopkinton. 
Wood  F.  E.  far.;  S.  20  ;  P.  0.  Sand  Spring. 
Wylie    R.   Pastor    Covenanters'   Church; 

Hopkinton. 
Yonker  J.  H.  retired  far.;  P.O.  Sand  Spring. 


RICHLAND    TOWNSHIP. 


ALLEN  JESSE,  Sr.  farmer;  Sec.  26; 
P.  0.  Porestville. 

AliliEX  J.  li.  Farmer;  Sec.  22;  P. 
0.  Forestville  ;  owns  one-third  interest 
in  the  Allen  estate,  which  consists  of 
160  acres  of  land,  worth  $3,500  ;  born 
in  Illinois  Jan.  14,  1852  ;  came  to  this 
county  with  his  parents  in  1854,  where 
he  married  Margaret  Bentz  Oct.  5, 
1873;  she  was  born  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y., 
April  30,  1854  ;  they  have  one  son — 
George  A.,  born  May  20,  1876.  Is  a 
Democrat. 

Alstine  Geo.  far. ;  Sec.  7  ;  P.  0.  Campton. 

ASPLUWD  ISAAC,  Farmer  ;  Sec. 
3 ;  P.  O.  Strawberry  Point ;  owns  90 
acres,  worth  |2,500 ;  was  born  near 
Boston,  England,  June  22,  1819,  where 
he  married  Mary  Mason  April  1,  1840, 
who  died  in  July,  1866  ;  came  to  Amer- 
ica in  1847,  and  settled  in  Racine  Co., 
Wis.;  came  to  this  county  in  1854, 
where  he  married  Rebecca  Ward  July 

20,  1867;  she  was  born  in  Wayne  Co., 
Ind.,  Dec.  20,  1827;  has  two  children 
by  his  first  wife — Mary  and  Betsy  ;  his 
children  by  this  marriage  are  Susan, 
born  May  15,  1868,  and  Bert,  June  9, 
1874.     Is  a  Democrat. 

BAILEY    WILLIAM,   farmer;    Sec. 
22  ;  P.  O.  Forestville. 
Beach  W.  C  far. ;  S.  14  ;  P.  0.  Forestville. 
BEXTZ  J.  G.  Farmer;  Sec.  14;  P. 
0.  Forestville ;  owns  100  acres  of  land, 
worth  $2,000 ;   born  in  Germany  Sept. 

21,  1821,  where  he  married  Dora  Pfleger 
November,  1842;  she  was  born  in  Ger- 
many May  27,  1824;  came  to  America 
and  settled  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  in  1844, 


and  to  this  county  in  1854;  their  chil- 
dren are — Sophroina,  born  Nov.  1, 
1843;  Mary,  born  in  Buffalo  Dec.  18, 
1847  ;  Margaret,  born  in  Buffalo  April 
30,  1854 ;  Louisa,  born'  in  Iowa  "Deo. 
18,  1856,  and  Matilda,  born  Dec.  29, 
1858 ;  four  children  deceased  ;  is  a  Re- 
publican in  politics. 

Briggs  D.  blacksmith ;  Forestville. 

Briggs  Ed.  hborer;  Edgewood. 

Briggs  Geo.  lab. ;  S.  26  ;  P.  0.  Forestville. 

Britt  Horace,  farmer;  S.  7  ;  P.  0.  Camp- 
ton. 

Burroughs  Erastus,  mason  ;  Forestville. 

/~^ARY  J.  far. ;  S.  26  ;  P.  0.  Forestville. 

Cassey  M.  carpenter;  Forestville. 

Clark  Oliver,  far. ;  S.  14 ;  P.  0.  Forestville. 

Cli ABK  THOMAS,  Farmer ;  Sees. 
14,  11  and  24;  P.  0.  Forestville ;  born 
in  Yorkshire,  Eng.,  Juae  2,  1830.  He 
emigrated  to  the  United  States  of 
America  and  settled  on  his  present 
farm,  now  consisting  of  320  acres, 
worth  $9,000,  in  1854,  where  he  mar- 
ried Elizabeth  Wharton  July  20,  1855. 
She  was  born  in  Cumberland  Co.,  Eng., 
Nov.  20, 1828.  Her  parents  emigrated 
to  the  United  States  of  America  when 
she  was  but  4  years  old.  Oliver  C, 
John  W.,  Mary  A.,  Thomas  J.,  Carrie 
C,  Harriett  E.,  Cora  E.,  Annie  L., 
Florence  and  Flora  (twins),  and  Fred- 
erick F.  are  the  names  of  their  children. 
Mr.  0.  has  been  President  of  the  School 
Board  ten  years. 

Coleman  A.  C.  far. ;  S.  34 ;  P.O.  Forestville. 

Coleman  M.  renter;  S.  21;  P.O.  Forestville. 

Cooper  J.  renter ;  S.  7;  P.O.  Wards  Corner 


678 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY  : 


COWIiES  ERWEST  E.  Farm- 
er ;  Sec.  19 ;  P.  0.  Campton  ;  born  in 
the  house  where  he  now  lives  Nov.  3, 
1856  ;  married  Mary  E.  Bishop  Dee. 
23,  1877,  who  was  born  in  Michigan, 
Jan.  6,  1857  ;  is  a  Republican  in  politics. 

COWIiES  H.  D.  Butter  Maker; 
Sec.  19  ;•  P.  0.  Campton;  owns  cream- 
ery, value  $2,000  ;  capable  of  handling 
5,000  pounds  of  milk  daily  ;  is  now  pre- 
paring to  manufacture  cheese  in  connec- 
tion with  the  creamery  ;  born  in  Hardin 
Co.,  Mass.,  Dec.  30,  1832  ;  came  lo  this 
county  in  1854,  where  he  married  Sarah 
Emirson  Nov.  30,  1859,  who  was  born 
in  Erie  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  7,  1829;  their 
children  are  Charles  E,.,  born  Jan.  14, 
1861,  and  John  H..  Jan.  12,  1863  ;  eb- 
Hsted  in  7th  Iowa  C.  Oct.  10,  1864; 
was  honorably  discharged  Oct.  10, 
1865;  is  a  Republican  and  Close- Com- 
munion Baptist. 

DAVIS    GERMAN,  farmer ;  Sec.  5  ; 
P.  0.  Strawberry  Point. 

DAVIS  C.  R.  Farmer  and  Manufac- 
turer of  Lime ;  Sec.  5  ;  P.  0.  Strawberry 
Point ;  owns  forty  acres,  which,  with 
three  lime  kilns,  is  valued  at  $1,500  ; 
born  in  Windsor  Co.,  Vt.,  July  4, 1804; 
married  Percis  Hunt  Oct.'  31,  1842  ; 
she  was  born  in  same  county  Feb.  19, 
1811  ;  came  to  this  county  and  settled 
on  his  present  farm  in  Sept.,  1850  ;  their 
children  are  Enieline,  born  June  16, 
1846;  German,  Dec.  11,  1853,  and 
Watson,  Oct.  20,  1856;  Ozias,  their 
oldest  son,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1843  ;  en- 
Hsted  in  the  16th  la.  V.  I.,  and  died  in 
the  hospital  of  the  measles. 

Davis  J.  W.  far.  ;  S.  2  ;  P.  0.  Forestville. 

Donath  E.  far.  ;  Sec.  7  ;  P.  0.  Campton. 

Donath  F.  far. ;  Sec.  7 ;    P.  0.  Campton. 

Donak  Jos.  far.;  S.  17  ;  P.  0.  Campton. 

.l>OYL,E  HEWRY,  Farmer;  Sees. 
4  and  5;  P.  0.  Forestville;  born  in 
Ireland  in  1826 ;  he  emigrated  to  the 
United  States  of  America  in  1837, 
making  his  first  settlement  in  Renssa- 
laer  Co.,  N.  Y.;  in  1842,  he  came  to 
Chillicothe,  Ross  Co.,  Ohio,  where  he 
served  an  apprenticeship  at  the  cabinet 
business;  in  1847,  he  came  West  and 
settled  in  Galena,  111.,  where  he  married 
Henrietta  J.  Dunn  April  15, 1852  ;  she 
was  born  in  Johnson  Co.,  Ind.,  April 
12,  1834;    in  1853,  they  emigrated  to 


Jackson  Co.,  Iowa,  returning  to  Du- 
buque in  1857,  where  he  was  engaged 
in  the  cabinet  business  ;  in  1862,  they 
came  to  this  county,  and  in  1875  settled 
on  their  present  farm,  consisting  of  1 60 
acres,  worth  $7,000.  William,  bom 
Jan.  29,  1853;  Martha  L.,  born  Sept. 
6,  1854;  John  M.,  born  April  20, 
1856;  Hettie,  born  Aug.  8,  I860; 
Emma  May,  born  March  13,  1862,  are 
the  names  and  births  of  their  children. 

Doyle  Wm.  far.;  S.  24 ;    P.  0.  Forestville. 

Doyle  J.  M.  far.;  S.  24  :   P.  0.  Forestville. 

DUBOIS  JOUBT,  Farmer ;  Sec.  23 ; 
P.  0.  Taylorsville  ;  owns  128  acres,  and 
toivn  property  in  Manchester  to  the 
value  of  $4,000 ;  born  in  Cayuga 
•  Co.,  N.  Y,,  Feb.  3,  1832;  came  to  To- 
ledo, Ohio,  in  1851,  and  to  this  county 
in  1857,  first  settling  in  Delhi,  where 
he  married  Marion  Walters  Oct.  i;2, 
1857,  who  was  born  in  Mahoning  Co., 
Ohio,  March  22, 1840;  enlisted  in  21st 
Regiment  la.  V.  I.,  Co.  H,  Aug.  22, 
1861,  and  participated  in  the  battles  of 
Vicksburg,  Spanish  Ford  and  Blakely, 
and  at  the  capture  of  Mobile;  honor- 
ably discharged  in  August,  1864;  they 
have  one  child  living — Edward,  born 
Sept.  19,  1866;  one  adopted  child- 
Gertrude,  born  May  17, 1873;  and  one 
child  deceased — Florence,  born  Dec.  9,. 
1859,  and  died  April  7,  1863  ;  is  a  Re- 
publican and  Universalist. 

Dunsmoro  Joe,  far.;  S.  6 ;  P.  0.  Straw- 
berry Point. 

Dunsmore  Mills,  far.;  S.  6 ;  P  0.  Straw- 
berry Point. 

Dunsmore  William,  far.;  S.  6  ;  P.  0.  Straw- 
berry Point. 

DIIRHAH  JOHHir,  Farmer;  S.  13  ; 
P.  0.  Forestville ;  owns  275  acres,  value 
110,000;  born  in  Yorkshire,  England, 
June  20,  1820 ;  came  to  America  iu 
1828  with  parents,  who  settled  in  Lower 
Canada ;  married  Mary  Dunham  in  Cas- 
tleton,  Vt.,  April  22, 1852  ;  she  was  bom 
in  Clinton  Co.,  N.  Y. ;  they  settled  on 
their  present  farm  in  the  Spring  of  1854. 
At  that  time,  there  was  not  a  house  be- 
tween him  and  York ;  on  his  first  trip 
to  Delhi  to  pay  his  taxes,  he  stopped 
where  Manchester  now  is,  to  get  some 
crackers  and  cheese,  but  there  was  none 
to  be  had.  Their  children  are  Sarah 
J.,  born  in  Salem,  N.  Y.,  June  18, 1853,  j 


RICHLAND  TOWNSHIP. 


679 


Martha  A.,  April  26,  1856;  Charles 
H.,  April  24,  1860,  and  Eddie  S,  Dec. 
14,  1866  ;  is  a  Democrat  and  a  member 
of  the  M.  E.  Church. 

IrAPFEL  VANCEL,  farmer  ;  S.  20  ; 
J       P.  0.  Forestville. 

Ferguson  Charles,  far.;  S.  11  ;  P.  0.  For- 
estville. 

Field  Smith,  far.;  Sec.  22  ;  P.  0.  Forest- 
ville. 

FOIiSOM  H.  H.  Farmer  and  Man- 
ufacturer of  Lime ;  Sec.  6  ;  P.  0.  Straw- 
berry Point;  owns  87 J  acres  in  this 
county,  and  250  acres  in  Clayton  Co., 
valued  at  $4,000  ;  born  in  Canaan,  N. 
H.,  Feb.  21,  1825  ;  came  to  Winnebago 
Co.,  111.,  in  1834,  where  he  married 
Harriet  E.  Russell,  who  is  now  de- 
ceased ;  married  again  Mary  A.  Parker 
September  15,  1866 ;  she  was  born 
February  10,  1836  ;  their  children  are 
Harriet,  born  September  11,  1867 ; 
Lora  M.,  Dec.  6,  1870;  Charles  H., 
May,  1873,  and  Mary  E  ,  July  6, 1848  ; 
Alice  H.,  Xov.  21,  1854;  Willie, 
September  26,  1866  ;  has  two  children 
by  his  first  wife — Frank  E.,  born  Dec. 
7,  1852  ;  Harrison  E.,  Sept.  2,  1856  ; 
Mr.  F.  settled  in  Clayton  Co.  in  1852. 

Fruman  J.  H.  lab.;  S.  23 ;  P.  0.  Forest- 
ville. 

GLEASON  J.  A.  farmer ;  Sec.  1  ;  P. 
0.  Strawberry  Point. 

GliEASON  A.  W.  Farmer  ;  Sec.  1 ; 
P.  0.  Strawberry  Point;  owns,  with 
his  brother,  300  acres,  worth  $9,000  ; 
born  in  Worcester,  Mass.,  Feb.  21, 
1831 ;  came  to  De  Kalb  Co.,  111.,  where 
he  married  Frances  E.  Fritts  March  22, 
1858  ;  she  was  born  in  Providence,  N. 
Y.,  Nov.  16,  1837 ;  their  children  are 
Sarah  E.,  born  in  De  Kalb  Co.,  111., 
March  22,  1860  ;  Hattie  M.,  born  in 
same  county  June  30,  1862  ;  Mary  E., 
born  in  this  county  July  8, 1866  ;  Frank 
B.,  born  in  this  county  Sept.  1,1868; 
is  a  Republican  in  politics. 

Gilbert  Daniel,  grocer  ;  Forestville. 

Gilbert  L.  far. ;  8.  22  ;  P.  0.  Forestville. 

Gilbert  N.  far. ;   S.  10  ;  P.  0.  Forestville. 

Ginger  A.  S.far.;  S.  26  ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Gratkie  T.  far.;  S.  8  ;  P.  O.  Forestville. 

GRAVES  HEWKY  W.  Farmer  ; 
Sec.  24  ;  P.  0.  Forestville  ;  owns  100 
acres  worth  $3,500 ;  born  in  Jackson 
Co.,  Iowa,  Nov.  7,  1841 ;  came  to  this 


county,  with  parents,  in  1851,  first  set- 
tling in  Colony  Township ;  married 
Nancy  Cuppett  Dec.  17, 1866  ;  hhe  was 
born  in  Bedford  Co.,  Pa.,  Dec.  10, 1845  ; 
settled  on  present  farm  Jan.  2,  1867  ; 
their  children  are  Lienella,  born  June 
13,1868;  Mary  L.,  Sept.  30,  1871, 
and  Belinda,  Auo;.  31,  1875 ;  is  a  Dem- 
•ocratand  member  of  the  M.  B.  Church. 

HEBRON  GEORGE  Jr.  farmer; 
Sec.  1  ;  P.  0.  Forestville. 
HAWIiEY  GEORGE  C.  Farm 
er ;  Sec.  20  ;  P.  0.  Campton  ;  owns 
440  acres,  valued  at  $13,500  ;  born  in 
Canada  East  April  25,  1826 ;  went  to 
Kane  Co.,  111.,  in  May,  1849  ;  married 
Aurelia  Lake  Feb.  6,  1 855  ;  she  was 
born  in  Upper  Canada  May  26,  1831  ; 
previous  to  marriage  he  went  to  Califor- 
nia, where  he  remained  three  years, 
engaged  in  mining;  returned  in  1853, 
and  settled  on  his  presi  nt  farm  in  1855  ; 
his  children  are  Frank,  born  Dec.  30, 
1862;  Katie,  Dec.  9,  1865;  George, 
May  16,  1872,  and  Charles,  April  29, 
1874  ;  one  child  deceased — Alice,  born 
April  6,  1859,  died  Dec.  18,  1866;  is 
a  Republican  and  Free-Will  Baptist. 

HERRON  GEORGE,  Farmer  and; 
Dairyman ;  Sec.  1  ;  P.  0.  Forestville 
owns  200  acres,  valued  at  $8,000 ;  born 
in  Yorkshire,  England,  May  9,  1826, 
where  he  married  Hannah  Walt  Dec. 
20,  1850  ;  she  was  born  in  same  place 
Sept.  1,  1820  ;  came  to  America,  and 
settled  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  April,  1853  ; 
settled  on  his  present  farm  in  March, 
1856;  carries  on  the  dairy  business 
quite  extensively ;  forty  cows ;  Mrs 
Hebron  returned  to  England  on  a  visit 
in  1872,  and  their  daughter,  Eliza,  took 
the  same  trip  in  1876  ;  his  children  are 
Eliza,  born  Oct.  3,  1851  ;  George  A., 
Feb.  14,  1856;  Eleanor  E.,  Oct.  4, 
1858 ;  they  have  an  adopted  son — Geo. 
J.,  born  June  27,  1862,  who  came  to 
America  with  Mrs.  H.  in  1872;  they 
have  lost  one  child— Albert,  born  Feb. 
18,1854,  and  died  Sept.  14,  1854; 
Mrs.  H.  has  one  son  by  a  former  mar- 
riage named  William  Walt,  born  Oct.  7, 
1844-  is  a  Republican  and  Methodist. 

Hebron  W.  H.  far. ;  S.  11 ;  P.  0.  Forest- 
ville. 

HERROHV  WILIilAM,  Farmer; 
Sec.    11;   P.   0.  Forestville;  born  in 


680 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


Yorkshire,  England,  Nov.  22,  1822  ;  he 
married  Christiana  Chapman  July  29, 
1849 ;  she  was  born  in  Ingleby,  En- 
gland, Sept.  6,  1822;  they  emigrated  to 
the  United  States  in  Sept.  1855,  first 
settling  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  and,  in  1857, 
came  to  this  county  and  settled  on  his 
present  farm,  consisting  of  160  acres, 
worth  $4,000.  Elizabeth,  born  Oct. 
8,  1850  ;  Mary  B.,  May  9,  1852 ;  Wm. 
H.,  Aug.  20, 1856  ;  Edward  and  Edwin 
(twins),  Feb.  10,  1858 ;  James  S., 
March  10,  1860,  and  John,  Feb.  16, 
1862,  are  the  names  and  births  of  their 
children.     Republican. 

Hickox  George,  carp.;    P.  0.    Forestville. 

HICK  OX  RYAL,  Farmer;  Sec. 
14 ;  P.  0.  Forestville  ;  born  in  Cort- 
land Co.,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  19,  1821.  He 
married  Polly  Fish  March  31,  1844  ; 
she  was  born  in  Cortland  Co.,  N.  Y., 
March  2,1822;  in  May,  1845,  they 
moved  to  Canada  and  settled  near  Port 
Rowan ;  again  returning  to  New  York, 
where  they  remained  till  1853,  then  re- 
turning to  Canada;  and  in  1858,  they 
came  to  Stephenson  Co.,  111. ;  in  1863, 
they  emigrated  to  this  county,  and  in 
1 876,  settled  on  their  present  farm,  con- 
sisting of  eighty  acres,  worth  $2,800. 
George  M.,born  Nov.  18,  1844,  is  their 
only  child.  Democrat ;  was  elected 
Justice  of  the  Peace  in  1876. 

HoUister  W.  H.  Jr.  creamery ;  Sec.  1 ; 
P.  0.  Strawberry  Point. 

Hooker  C.  W.  farmer;  Sec.  25;  P.O. 
Manchester. 

Hooker  H.  far.;  S.  25  ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Hooker  R.  D.  farmer ;  Sec.  25  ;  P.  0. 
Forestville. 

HOUSMAKf  THOMAS,  Butter 
Maker;  Sec.  32;  P.  0.  Manchester; 
owns  360  acres  in  Buchanan  and  Dela- 
ware Counties ;  born  in  Orleans  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  March  19,  1827  ;  came  to  Michigan 
with  parents  in  1838,  where  he  married 
Mary  Ann  Beardsley  Jan.  1,  1853 ; 
married  Barbara  Wittman  March  4, 
1866  ;  she  was  born  in  Germany,  July 
21, 1839  ;  came  to  this  county  in  March, 
1866;  they  have  one  child — Laura 
Housman,  born  Oct.  15,  1865. 

Howland  B.  far. ;  S.  2  ;  P.  0.  Strawberry 
Point. 

IVES  J.  B.  farmer ;    Sec.  28  ;    P.  0. 
Forestville. 


Ives  S.  farmer;  Sec.  28 ;  P.  0.  Forestville. 

KALTENBA.CH  LUTHER,  farmer  ; 
Sec.  8  ;  P.  0.  Forestville. 
Katsaler  J.  far. ;  Sec.  17  ;  P.  0.  Campton. 
Keanna  J.  far. ;  Sec.  29  ;  P.  0.  Campton. 
Kelsey  W.  far. ;  Sec.  4 ;  P.O.  Strawberry 

Point. 
Kenyon  W.  far. ;  See.  30  ;  P.  0.  Campton. 

LAITY  RICHARD,  farmer;  Sec.  10; 
P.  0.  Forestville. 

Larabee  A.  M.  far. ;  S.  21 ;  P.  0.  Forest- 
ville. 

L.AWREWCE  AI/BERT  B. 
Parmer ;  Sec.  12  ;  P.  0.  Forestville ; 
owns  eighty  acres  worth  $2,500  ;  born 
in  Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y.,  March  4, 
1835  ;  came  to  Clayton  Co.,  Iowa,  in 
1855,  where  he  married  Mary  D.  Sim- 
mons May  6,  1862,  who  was  born  in 
Madison  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  6,  1844; 
settled  on  his  present  farm  in  March, 
1865;  Nellie,  born  March  9,  1864,  is 
their  only  child ;  is  a  Republican. 

Lawrence  L.  far. ;  S.  34  ;  P.O.  Forestville. 

Lee  J.  P.  laborer  ;    Forestville. 

Lee  Walter,  laborer  ;  Forestville. 

Letts  M.  far.  ;  S.  21  ;  P.  0.  Forestville. 

Loop  A.  H.  far. ;  S.  25  ;  P.  0.  Forestville. 

McFARLAND  JIM.  saloon ;   Forest- 
ville. 

Marsh  C.  laborer;    Forestville. 

MID  DliETOX  HUGH,  Farmer  ; 
Sec.  10;  P.  0.  Forestville;  owns  170 
acres,  value  $5,000  ;  owns  stock  in  Iowa 
Union  Creamery,  in  Clayton  Co. ;  born 
in  Hereford  Co.,  England,  Nov.  23, 
1839  ;  came  to  America  in  1850,  and 
to  this  county  in  1854  ;  married  Esther 
Ann  Laity  Nov.  29, 1869  ;  she  was  born 
in  Jo  Daviess  Co.,  111.,  April  29,  1852; 
their  children  are  Mary  L.,  born  May  22, 
1871,  and  Arthur  H.,  April  16,  1874; 
Mr.  M.'s  father  w&'<  born  in  England, 
Aug.  3,  1803,  and  his  mother  was  born 
in  Hereford,  England,  Aug.  25,  1800  ; 
they  now  reside  with  their  son  in  this 
town.     Mr.  M.  is  a  Republican. 

Mattice  G.  far.  ;  S.  36 ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Messenger  S.  H.  farmer ;  Sec.  6  ;  P.  0. 
Strawberry  Point. 

Middleton  Wm.  far.;  Sec.  10  ;  P.  0.  Forest- 
ville. 

Millett  M.  farmer;  Sec.  18 ;  P.  0.  Camp- 
ton. 

Millett  R.  farmer;  Sec.  18;  P.  0.  Camp- 
ton. 


RICHLAND  TOWNSHIP. 


681 


miiLiETT  WM.  J.  Farmer;  Sec. 
7  ;  P.  O.  Campton  ;  owns  160  acres,  val- 
ued at  84,000  ;  born  in  Lenawee  Co., 
Mich.,  Oct.  12,1834;  in  1845,  he,  with 
his  parents,  settled  in  Jo  Daviess  Co.,  111. ; 
married  Caroline  A.  Wiltse,  in  this 
county,  May  3,  1855,  and  settled  on  his 
present  farm  in  the  Fall  of  the  same 
year;  Mrs.  M.  was  born  in  Canada 
March  7,  1828.  Enlisted  in  the  27th 
I.  V.  I.,  Co.  F,  Aug.  8,  1862  ;  was  en- 
gaged in  the  battles  of  Pleasant  Hill, 
Old  Town  Creek,  Nashville,  Fort  Blake- 
ly  and  others  ;  was  honorably  discharged 
Aug.  8,  1865  ;  is  now  Justice  of  the 
Peace  ;  has  held  the  office  of  Constable 
and  Township  Trustee ;  his  children  are 
William  B.,  born  Sept.  15,  1857; 
Oeorge  W.,  Feb.  18,  1862  ;  Elmer  D., 
June  13,  1866;  Hiram,  March  22, 
1868,  and  Dora  B.,  Dec.  1,  1870;  one 
child  deceased — Emma,  born  Sept.  1, 
1859,  died  March  10,  1872. 

Mitchell  J.  laborer ;  P.  0.  Forestville. 

Myers  G.  farmer ;  Sec.  14 ;  P.  0.  Forest- 
ville. 

"ATTEWATNEY  W.  far. ;  S.  17  ;  P.  0. 
1  \l       Campton. 

ODBLL  FRANK,  laborer ;  Sec.  22  ; 
P.  O.  Forestville. 
OSGERBY  JABEZ,  Farmer;  Sec. 
35  ;  P.  0.  Manchester  ;  owns  170  acres, 
worth  $4,000  ;  born  in  Lancashire,  Eng., 
Jan.  1,  1826  ;  came  to  America  in  the 
Spring  of  1849,  first  settling  in  Racine 
Co.,  Wis.,  where  he  married  Mary 
Metheringham  June  25,  1849  ;  she  was 
born  in  the  same  place  Feb.  17,  1827  ; 
their  children  are  Lucy,  born  Sept.  10, 
1851  ;  George,  Feb.  27,  1858,  and 
Grassam,  Feb.  20,  1860 ;  is  a  Democrat 
and  Free  Will  Baptist. 

PARKER  L.  farmer;  Sec.  12;  P,  0. 
Strawberry  Point. 
PETEBSON  P.  A.  Farmer;  Sec. 
32 ;  P.  0.  Forestville ;  owns  107  acres, 
worth  $3,000 ;  born  in  Norway  July  30, 
1838  ;  came  to  America  and  settled  in 
Wis.,  when  quite  young;  enlisted  in 
27th  Wis.  V.  I.,  Co.  H,  Dec.  18,  1863 ; 
enga<red  in  the  battles  of  Jenkens'  Ferry, 
Spanish  Fort,  and  others;  honorably 
discharged  Aug.  29,  1865.  Married 
Mary  A.  Finch  May  23,  1867;  she 
was  born  in  Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept. 
9,  1831 ;  their  children  are  Albert  E., 


born  Nov.  12,  1873,  and  Earl  M., 
March  20,  1877.  Is  a  Republican  in 
politics. 

Prussner  C.  far. ;  S.  31 ;  P.  0.  Forestville. 

Prussner  F.  far.;  S.  33;  P.  0.  Forestville. 

Prussner  L.  far.  ;  S.  31 ;  P.  0.  Forestville. 

QUICK  S.  W.  farmer ;  Sec.  31  ;  P.  0. 
Forestville. 

ROSENKRANS  JOHN,  farmer ;  Sec 
24 ;  P.  0.  Forestville. 

RAY  JOHN,  Farmer;  Sec.  29;  P. 
0.  Forestville ;  owns  170  acres  worth 
$5,000  ;  born  in  Switzerland  June  28, 
1827 ;  came  to  America  in  1850  and 
settled  in  Conn.,  where  he  married  Mary 
Margroffron,  deceased ;  has  two  children 
by  this  iharriage — Mary  and  Louisa. 
Came  to  Buchanan  Co.  in  1857,  and 
settled  on  his  present  farm  in  1865. 
Married  Johanna  Raymond  Dee.  1867, 
who  died  Feb.  28,  1876 ;  his  children 
by  second  wife  are  Charles,  born  Sept. 
26,  1868 ;  Estella,  Dec.  26,  1869,  and 
Lizzie,  Feb.  22,  1874. 

Reid  C.  H.  far. ;  S.  31 ;  P.  0.  Forestville. 

Reid  W.  far. ;  Sec.  31 ;  P.  0.  Forestville. 

Reynolds  R.  D.  farmer ;  Sec.  35 ;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 

REYNOLDS  STEPHEN  R. 
Farmer;  S.  35;  P.  0.  Manchester; 
owns  120  acres,  worth  $3,000;  born  in 
Addison  Co.,  Vt.,  Aug.  4,  1811,  where 
he  married  Nancy  W.  Worley  Jan.  1, 
1840.  She  was  born  in  Chittenden, 
Vt.,  Sept.  12,  1817.  They  moved  the 
same  year  to  Cooper  Co.,  Mo.,  and  to 
this  county  in  May,  1847 ;  has  always 
taken  a  deep  interest  in  the  welfare 
of  the  township,  and  had  the  honor  of 
giving  it  its  present  name.  Their  chil- 
dren are  C,  born  Dec.  19,  1844 ;  A. 
S.  R.,  Dec.  27, 1844 ;  Rodolphus,  June 
20,  1847  ;  Aldrich  J.,  Aug.  27,  1849; 
Stephen  R.,  March  20,  1855;  Ernest 
H.  and  Elihu  H.,  March  8,  1857  ;  is  a 
Democrat. 

Richmond  W.  F.  farmer;  S.  5 ;  P.  0. 
Strawberry  Point. 

ROIiFE  EDWARD,  Farmer;  S. 
18;  P.  0.  Ward's  Corners;  owns  135 
acres,  valued  at  $4,000  ;  born  in  Kent, 
En".,  Deo.  19,  1819,  where  he  married 
Charlotte  North  Nov.  6,  1846:  She 
was  born  March  28,  1821.  They  came 
to  America  in  1851,  and  settled  in 
Stockton   Tp.,    Jo    Daviess   Co.,    111., 


682 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


where  he  remained  till  April,  1851-5, 
when  he  settled  on  his  present  farm ; 
enlisted  in  Co.  F,  27th  I.  V.  I.  Aug.  8, 
1862 ;  was  honorably  discharged  Aug. 
15,  1865.  Mr.  R.  was  possessed  of 
Hmited  means  when  he  came  to  this 
county,  but  has,  by  persistent  energy 
and  industry,  succeeded  in  providing  for 
himself  a  comfortable  home.  Their 
children  are  Edward,  born  Sept.  27, 
1847;  Ellen.  Oct.  21,  1849;  Emily, 
Nov.  9,  1851,  and  Lydia,  April  27, 
1860;  have  lost  four  children,  who 
died  in  infancy.  Is  a  Republican  in 
politics. 

SANDHAVEN  H.  far.;  S.  33;  P.  0. 
Forestville. 
Sedgwick  T.  N.  far, ;  S.  36 ;  P.  0.  Man- 

SHEIiDOlV  W.  P.  Farmer;  S.  8; 
P.  0.  Campton;  owns  110  acres,  valued 
at  $3,500;  born  in  Allegany,  N.  Y., 
July  29,  1827.  In  1856,  he  came  to 
Dane  Co.,  Wis. ;  came  to  this  county  in 
1858,  where  he  married  Julia  A.  Smith 
Dec.  25,  1862,  who  was  born  in  St.  Jo- 
seph Co.,  Mich.,  Sept.  18,  1837.  Mr. 
S.  is  now  Assessor,  having  held  nearly 
every  other  township  office. .  Their 
children  are  Eva  M.,  born  March  8, 
1864,  and  Frank  W.,  June  23,  1866. 
Mr.  S.'s  father  was  born  in  Aug.,  1793, 
and  died  Feb.  3,  1876,  and  his  mother 
was  born  Sept.,  1792,  and  died  Oct.  31, 
1877  ;  is  a  Republican  and  Free- Will 
Baptist. 

SHERWIN  A._C.  Parmer;  Sec. 
23 ;  P.  0.  Forestville ;  owns  40  acres, 
worth  $1,200;  born  in  Allegany  Co., 
N.  Y.,  May  22,  1849;  came  to  Chicago 
with  parents  in  1853,  and  to  this  county 
in  1857.  Married  Mary  Wheeler  Nov. 
8,  1868  ;  she  was  born  in  Chautauqua 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  8,  1848 ;  their  children 
are  Nellie,  born  May  22,  1869  ;  El- 
mira,  July  1,  1875,  and  Lucius  W., 
March  13,  1877. 

SHERWIN  LUCIUS  S.  Farmer 
and  Auctioneer ;  Sec.  23  ;  P.  0.  Forest- 
ville ;  born  in  Bennington  Co.,  Vt., 
Feb.  25,  1826;  went  to  Friendship, 
Allegany  Co.,  N.  Y.,  and  then  to  Cuba, 
N.  Y.,  where  he  married  Angelina 
Strong  June  12,  1848,  who  was  born  in 
Allegany  Co.,  N.  Y.,  July  2,  1834. 
Came  to  Chicago,  where  he  was  engaged 


as  foreman  of  the  sharpening  of  the 
first  piles  driven  on  the  lake  shore ; 
moved  to  Bennington,  and  then  to  this 
county  May  9,  1856,  settling  in  Milo 
Township ;  in  1859  was  appointed 
Deputy  SheriflF  of  this  county ;  moved 
to  his  present  farm  in  1875. 

Sherwin  W.  W.  far.;  S.  23;  P.  0.  For&st- 
ville. 

Shultz  C.  far.;  Sec.  31 ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Shultz  F.  far.;  Sec.  32;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Shultz  G.  far. ;  Sec.  31 ;  P.  0.  Manchpeter. 

Simpson  Obed,  Jr.  farmer;  Sec.  12;  P.  0. 
Forestville. 

SMITH  HEISRY,  (Deceased);  born 
in  Nova  Scotia,  April  18,  1822, 
and  died  June  19,  1871.  He  emi- 
grated to  the  U.  S.,  and  settled  in 
Kane  Co.,  111.,  in  1850,  where  he  mar- 
ried Jane  Cook  Nov.  15,  1850 ;  they 
emigrated  to  this  county  and  settled  on 
her  present  farm  in  the  Fall  of  1853, 
consisting  of  315  acres,  worth  $9,000. 
George,  Richard,  Henrietta  A,  and 
William  H.  are  her  living  children  ;  one 
child  deceased,  Mary  J. 

Smith  R.  far. ;  Sec.  24  ;  P.  0.  Forestville. 

SOWIiES  GEORGE,  Proprietor 
of  Forestville  Flouring-mills  ;  located  on 
Sec.  15;  P.  0.  Forestville;  owns  106 
acres,  worth  $12,000.  Born  in  Grand 
Isle  Co.,  Vt.,  Jan.  26,  1832,  where  he 
married  Mary  R.  Manning  Jan.  25, 
1858;  she  was  born  in  same  county 
Nov.;  1840,  and  died  Aug.  7,  1866 ; 
married  his  present  wife,  Mary  M. 
Hawley,  June  30,  1868;  she  was  born 
in  Lower  Canada  Nov.  20,  1837  ;  in 
1868,  he  came  to  this  county  ;  Aug. 
7,  1875,  he  purchased  the  mill  he  now 
owns  of  James  Coleman  ;  his  children 
are  Ellen  L.,  born  July  21,  1870,  and 
Julia  Grace,  Oct.  23,  1873 ;  one  child 
died  in  infancy;  is  a  Republican  in 
politics. 

Spangenburgb  J.  far.  S.  33  ;  P.  0.  Forest- 
ville. 

Stewart  J.  H.  far. ;  S.  13  ;  P.O.  Forestville. 

STEWART  J.  M.  Farmer  ;  Sec.  13 ; 
P.  0.  Forestville ;  owns  200  acres, 
worth  $6,000 ;  born  in  Butler  Co.,  Pa., 
Aug,  8,  1829,  where  he  married  Mary 
A.  Tharp  May  26,  1853,  who  died  May 
5,1857  ;  has  by  this  marriage,  Jas.  H. — 
born  Oct.  16, 1854;  Eliza  E.,  May  16, 
1855,   and    Mary   R.,  May   1,   1857  ; 


RICHLAND  TOWNSHIP. 


683 


came  to  Jackson  Co.,  Iowa,  in  1856, 
where  he  married  Ann  D.  Waugh  May 
6,  1859,  who  died  May  24,  1869 ;  has 
by  this  marriage— Eva  J.,  born  May 
26,  1864;  Robert  W.,  July  22,  1866, 
and  Oral  Etta,  March  4,  1868,  and  one 
deceased,  Mary  A.,  born  March  19, 1860, 
and  died  June  7,  1864 ;  married  Lousia 
M.  Spurgeon  Sept.  8,  1870 ;  was  born 
in  Cedar  Co.,  Iowa,  July  28,  1845  ;  they 
came  to  their  present  farm  in  1876  ; 
their  children  are  Prank  J.,  born  Sept! 
17,  1872,  and  Chas.  H.,  Sept.  4,  1875. 
STOlfE  E.  D.  Farmer;  Sec.  35  ;  P. 

0.  Manchester ;  owns  300  acres,  worth 
$7,500  ;  born  in  Orleans  Co.,  Vt.,  June 

1,  1829 ;  came  to  Kane  Co.,  111.,  in 
1852,  and  to  this  county  in  1854  ;  re- 
turned to  Vermont  in  1858,  where  he 
married  Sylvia  Richardson  Dec.  6, 
of  the  same  year;  she  wa.^  born  in 
Chittenden  Co.,  Vt.,  Aug.  13,  1832 ; 
their  children  are  John  E.,  born  Nov. 
21,  1859  ;  Amanda,  Sept.  23,  1861 ; 
Daniel  L.,  May  11,  1863  ;  Mary  E., 
Aprils,  1865  ;  Harriet N.,  May  3, 1867; 
Cora  A.,  Aug.  17,  1869;  Anna  L., 
March  9,  1871,  and  Sherman  M.,  Nov. 
17, 1872,  who  died  Nov.  9,  1876  ;  is  a 
Rep.  and  United  Brethren. 

Stronska.  Jos.  far.;  S.  20  ;  P.  0.  Campton. 

STRONG  PHILIP  A.  Farmer; 
Sec.  1 ;  P.  0.  Strawberry  Point ;  owns 
240  acres,  valued  at  $8,500.  Born  in 
Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y.,  March  3, 1824, 
where  he  married  Mehitabel  P.  Bemus 
Nov.  14,  1845;  she  was  born  in  the 
same  county  July  22,  1827  ;  they  came 
to  Wisconsin  and  settled  in  Green  Co., 
in  1857,  and  to  Mitchell  Co.,  Iowa,  in 
1858,  and  in  June,  1867,  they  settled 
on  their  present  farm  ;  does  quite  a  dairy 
business,  milking  thirty  cows.  They 
have  one  child — Adeline,  born  June  9, 

1847,    who   married   Parker    in 

Green  Co.,  Wis.,  March  15,  1866,  and 
their  children  are — Fred  C,  born  July 
26,  1869,  and  Geo.  H.,  born  July  11, 
1873.  Mr.  Parker  enlisted  in  the  13th 
Wis.  Vol.  Inf ,  Co.  E,  Sept.  14,  1861, 
and  was  honorably  discharged  in  Sep- 
tember, 1865.  Mr.  Strong  has  raised 
from  infancy  a  boy  named  Frank  Wood, 
who  was  born  Aug.  20,  1864. 

TAYLOR  BERT,  farmer;    Sec.  9;    P. 
0.  Forestville. 


THOMPSON  S.  A.  Farmer;  Sec. 
6  ;  P.  0.  Strawberry  Point ;  owns  145 
acres,  valued  at  $4,500.  Born  in  San- 
dusky, Ohio,  March  10,  1823,  came  to 
St.  Joseph  Co.,  Mich.,  in  1834,  and  in 
October,  1854,  came  to  this  county  and 
settled  where  he  now  resides.  Married 
Mary  J.  Smith  Oct.  8,  1846,  who  was 
born  Jan.  28,  1828,  near  Rochester,  N. 
Y.,  and  died  Sept  13,  1877 ;  has  one 
adopted  child — Amanda  M.,  born  Feb. 
10,  1862.  Mr.  T.  has  held  th^i  office  of 
Justice  of  the  Peace  for  ten  successive 
years ;  is  a  Republican,  and  member  of 
the  Methodist  Church. 

VARNIC  V.  farmer;    Sec.  8;    P.  0. 
Campton. 
Vinzal  Yanda,  far.;  S.  17  ;  P.  0.  Campton. 
Voniak  V.  far.;  S.  8 ;  P.  0.  Campton. 

WALT    WILLIAM,  farmer;    Sec. 
12  ;  P.  0.  Forestville. 

Ward  Chas.  far.;  S.  36 ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Wand  Albert,  far.;  S.  36 .  P.O.  Manchester. 

Wand  R.  far.;  S.  36 ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Welch  S.  Z.  far.;  S.  23;  P.  0.  ForestviUe. 

Wesley  J.  far.;  Sec.  13  ;  P.  0.  Forestville. 

Wesley  John,  far.;  S.  18;  P.O.Forestville. 

Weston  Wm.  far.;  S.  19  ;  P.  0.  Campton. 

Weston  William,  Jr.  lab.;  S.  19  ;  P.  0. 
Campton. 

Whciler  B.  far.;  S.  20  ;  P.  0.  Forestville. 

Wheeler  V.  mer.  and  P.  M.;  Forestville. 

Wiltse  Charles,  lab.;  P.  0.  Forestville. 

WLLTSE  TRI,  Farmer;  Sec.  11; 
P.  0.  Forestville ;  owns  160  acres, 
worth  $4,000  ;  born  in  Canada  Jan.  1, 
1824  ;  settled  in  Colesburg, Clayton  Co., 
in  1838,  where  he  married  Louisa 
Fuller  March  20,  1853,  who  died  Feb. 
3,  1856  ;  married  his  second  wife,  Sil- 
via Kelly,  July  14,  1857,  who  died 
Jan.  20,  1864;  married  his  present 
wife,  Libbie  McConkey,  July  19, 1870  ; 
settled  on  his  present  farm  in  the  Spring 
of  1875  ;  his  children  are  Warner,  born 
Sept.  7,  1862;  Albert,  born  Oct.  4, 
1871,  and  Elias  Meral,  born  Aug.  24, 
1874.  Mr.  Wiltse  is  one  of  the  pioneer 
settlers  of  this  county  ;  is  a  Republican. 

Witherell  V.  H.  lime  kiln  ;  Sec.  5  ;  P.  0. 
Campton. 

Wolfe  J.  far ;  Sec.  15 ;  P.  0.  Forestville. 

WOOD  HIRAM  D.  Farmer;  Sec. 
26;  P.  O.  Manchester,  whose  portrait 
appears  in  this  work,  was  born  in  Cum- 
berland Co.,  Ky.,  April  8,  1828  ;  when 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


he  was  4  years  of  age  his  father's 
family  moved  to  Macoupin  Co.,  111., 
where  they  still  reside.  The  subject  of 
this  sketch  in  the  Spring  of  1847,  being 
then  19  years  of  age,  enlisted  in  a  cav- 
alry company  and  served  till  the  end  of 
the  Mexican  war  in  1848 ;  after  his  dis- 
charge he  came  to  Delaware  Co.,  la., 
and  located  his  land  warrant  upon  the 
land  on  which  he  now  resides.  He  now 
owns  a  farm  of  300  acres,  valued  at 
$15,000.  He  has  held  the  offices  of 
Justice  of  the  Peace,  Township  Clerk, 
Township  Assessor,  Township  Treasurer 
and    County    Surveyor.     He    married 


Miss  Lydia  L.  Luken  in  Macoupin  Co., 
Ill,,  Sept.  1,  185B;  she  was  born  in 
Cambria  Co.,  Pa.,  July  1,  1827  ;  they 
have  eight  children — Mary  E.,  born 
May  30,  1854;  John  K.,  born  Feb.  4, 
1856  ;  Eleanor  A.,  born  Nov.  19, 1857; 
Joel  L.,  born  July  30, 1859  ;  Jennie  Q., 
born  Oct.  7,  1861 ;  Alice  B.,  born  Aug. 
29,  1863;  Maggie  A.  and  Kosa  M. 
(twins),  born  May  26,  1868. 
Wood  J.  E.  far. ;  S.  26  ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

YANDER  JAMES,  farmer  ;  Sec.  17 ; 
P.  0.  Campton. 
ZOACK  FRANK,  far. ;  Sec.  6  ;  P.  0. 
Strawberry  Point. 


ADAMS   TOWNSHIP. 


BABCOCK  J.  B.  far. ;  S.  31  ;  P.  O. 
Nugent 's  Grove. 

Beacom  Michael,  farmer ;  Sec.  13  ;  P.  0. 
Tower  Hill. 

Beatty  R.  far. ;  S.  15 ;  P.  0.  Tower  Hill. 

Behan  D.  far. ;  Sec.  3 ;  P.  0.  Barryville. 

Behan  M.  far. ;  S.  16  ;  P.  0.  Tower  Hill. 

Behan  P.  far. ;  S.  16 ;  P.  0.  Tower  Hill. 

Bishop  Thomas  S.  farmer ;  Sec.  31 ;  P.  0. 
Spring  Grove. 

BlJRG^EiSlS  BEjr JAMIN,  Farm- 
er ;  S.  35  ;  P.  0.  Nugent's  Grove,  Linn 
Co. ;  owns  196  acres,  valued  at  $5,800  ; 
born  in  Seneca  Co.,  Ohio,  Aug.  30, 1831; 
came  to  this  county  in  1855  ;  married 
Ellen  Haight  July  10,  1859,  who  was 
born  in  Sandusky,  Ohio,  Oct.  1,  1843  ; 
their  children  are  Hiram  B.,  born 
Feb.  25,  1861,  and  Joseph,  June  10, 
1867  ;  is  a  Republican  and  Protestant. 
Mrs.  B.  is  the  daughter  of  Victor  and 
EUzabeth  Haight;  the  former  was  born 
in  Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  June  22, 1815, 
and  died  April  10,  1860  ;  the  latter  was 
born  Oct  14,  1822,  and  is  now  living  in 
this  county. 

Burgess  John,  farmer;  Sec.  35  ;  P.  0. 
Nugent's  Grove. 

CAMPBELL  EUGENE  D.  farmer  ;  S. 
35  ;  P.  0.  Nugent's  Grove. 
Confry  H.  far.  ;  S.  14 ;  P.  0.  Tower  Hill. 
CROMWEMi  JAMES,  Farmer; 
S.    14;  P.    0.    Tower   Hill;  owns   85 
acres,  valued  at  $2,500  ;  born  in  Pough- 
keepsie.  New   York,  Sept.    19,  1809; 


came  to  this  township  in  1855,  where 
he  has  since  resided.  By  a  strong 
effort  he  succeeded  in  having  Tower 
Hill  post  office  established,  which  wa» 
the  first  in  the  township,  and  kept  by 
him  for  many  years;  was  one  of  the 
few  who,  in  1858,  succeeded  in  organ- 
izing the  first  school  district  and  build- 
ing the  first  school  house  in  the  town- 
ship. Married  Martha  Royley  Jan.  1, 
1851,  who  was  born  in  Manchester, 
Eng.,  Sept.  14,  1816.  They  have  one 
child  living — Hannah  M.,  born  Nov.  30, 
1857,  and  one  deceased — James,  born 
Dec.  3, 1859,  died  May  2,  1864.  Mrs. 
C.'s  children,  by  a  former  marriage,  are 
Geo.  W.,  born  Sept.  21,  1839;  was 
with  Sherman  in  his  march  to  the  sea, 
and  died  at  Andersonville  Prison  Aug. 
2,  1864;  Edward  F.,  Feb.  21,  1841, 
was  also  in  the  army ;  Mary  F.,  born 
born  Aug.  20,  1842. 

DEWOODY  JAMES  W.  far.;  S.  25; 
P.  0.  Nugent's  Grove. 
DEWOODY  ANDREW,  Farmer ; 
S.  25 ;  P.  0.  Nugent's  Grove,  Linn  Co. ; 
owns  80  acres,  valued  at  $2,000 ;  born 
in  Venango  Co.,  Penn.,  Jan.  28,  1820 ; 
came  to  this  county  in  1856.  Married 
Rachel  Bardue  June  1,  1843,  who  was 
born  in  Beaver  Co.,  Penn,,  July  16, 
1820.  Their  children  are  William, 
born  April  12,  1845;  Nelson,  Jan.  2, 
1847;  John,  Dec.  10,  1848;  Clurinda, 
Oct.    17,   1850;    Sylvester,    Dec.    19, 


ADAMS   TOWNSHIP. 


685 


1852;  James  W.,  March  10,  1855, 
and  Angeline,  Aug.  26,  1857  ;  is  an  In- 
dependent Democrat  and  Protestant. 

DOJOfEIiliY  PATRICK,  Farm- 
er ;  S.  28  ;  P.  0.  Nugent's  Grove,  Linn 
Co. ;  owns  400  acres,  valued  at  $10,000  ; 
born  in  Ireland  Dec.  15,  1832 ;  came  to 
America  in  1853 ;  lived  in  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.,  till  1855,  when  he  came  to  De 
Kalb  Co.,  Ill ;  remained  there  till  1859, 
when  he  came  to  this  county,  where  he  i 
has  since  resided.  He  is  one  of  the 
enterprising  men  of  this  township,  being 
among  the  foremost  in  every  good  work, 
and  especially  devoted  to  the  cause  of 
education  ;  has  held  the  office  of  Justice 
of  the  Peace  for  ten  years ;  married 
Julia  Smith  June  29,  1855.  She  was 
born  in  Ireland  April  4,  1833.  The 
children  living  are  William,  Mary, 
James  A.,  Susan  A.,  Harriet,  Thomas, 
Patrick  J.  and  Julia ;  is  a  Democrat 
and  Catholic. 

Dover  Wm.  far. ;  Sec.  5 ;  P.  0.  Barryville. 

D^uffy  Barnard,  farmer ;  Sec.  30  ;  P.  0. 
Nugent's  Grove. 

Duffy  Michael,  farmer;  Sec.  30;  P.  0. 
Nugent's  Grove. 

Dukek  G.  far. ;  Sec.  23  ;  P.  0.  Tower  Hill. 

E ASTON  ROBEKT,  laborer;  Tower 
Hill. 

EHIiERS  HENRY,  Farmer ;  Sec. 
25 ;  P.  0.  Nugent's  Grove,  Linn  Co. ; 
owns  170  acres,  worth  $4,500 :  born  in 
Holstein,  Germany,  Sept.  7,  1826;carne 
to  Canada  and  settled  near  Quebec  in 
1854  ;  came  to  this  town  in  April,  1855, 
and  married  Anna  B.  Mangold  July  1, 
1862,  who  was  born  in  Switzerland 
Dec.  20,  1830,  and  came  to  America 
the  same  year  as  her  husband.  Their 
children  are  Wm.  H.,  born  April  27, 
1863;  John  H.,  March  7,  1866,  and 
Caroline,  Aug.  12,  1869.  Enlisted 
Sept.  30,  1864,  in  the  4th  I.  V.  I.,  Co. 
I ;  was  with  Sherman  in  his  memorable 
march  to  the  sea,  and  was  honorably 
discharged  in  June,  1865  ;  is  a  Repub- 
lican and  Protestant. 

Tj^OLEY  DENNIS,  farmer ;  Sec  10  ;  P. 

Jj       0.  Barryville. 

FAIiCONBR  CHAS.  Farmer ;  Sec. 
17  ■  P.  0.  Tower  Hill ;  owns  200  acres, 
worth  15,000;  born  in  Scotland  Oct. 
14,  1826 ;  came  to  America  in  1842, 
and  to  this  county  in    1855;   married 


Rebecca  Pierce  March  6,  1857,  who 
was  born  in  Massachusetts  July  28, 
1837.  Their  children  are  James,  Bes- 
sie, Charles  E.,  Isabella,  Frank  C,  Ben- 
jamin P.,  James  A.,  Eva,  Alice  and 
and  Ida ;  enlisted  at  Davenport,  la.,  in 
October,  1864,  in  the  4th  Iowa  V.  I., 
Co.  I ;  was  with  Sherman  in  his  mem- 
orable march  to  the  sea ;  was  honorably 
discharged  at  Clinton  in  June,- 1865. 

Foley  Jas.  far. ;  Sec.  10  ;  P.  0.  Barryville. 

Foley  Jno.  far.;  Sec.  10;  P.  0.  Barryville. 

Foley  M.  far. ;  Sec.  10 ;  P.  0.  Barryville. 

Flack  Wm.  far. ;  Sec.  25  ;  P.  0.  Nugent's 
Grove. 

Flyan  Michael,  farmer;  Sec.  29;  P.  0. 
Nugent's  Grove. 

Puller  Newton,  farmer;  Sec.  26;  P.  0. 
Nugent's  Grove. 

r^  AFFNEY  TERENCE,  farmer  ;  Sec. 

I  jr     20  ;  P.  0.  Nugent's  Grove. 

Gaskill  L.  C.  far. ;  S.  10  ;  P.  0.  Barryville. 

Grant  Michael,  far. ;  S.  29  ;  P.  0.  Nugent's 
Grove. 

Guy  F.  far. ;  S.  35  ;  P.  0.  Nugent's  Grove. 

HAIGHT  ALLEN,  farmer ;  Sec.  23  ; 
P.  0.  Nugent's  Grove. 

HAIiLAM  J.  K.  Farmer;  Sec.  10; 
P.  0.  Tower  Hill ;  owns  200  acres,  val- 
ued at  $5,000  ;  born  in  London,  Eng., 
Sept.  12,  1815  ;  came  to  Dubuque,  la., 
in  1856,  and  to  this  county  in  1877  , 
married  Mary  Bengle  Deo.  18,  1850, 
who  was  born  in  Carroll  Co.,  Md.,  Jan. 
3,  1830  ;  has  in  his  possession  an  orig- 
inal deed  of  land  executed  by  John 
Penn  the  younger  grandson  of  Wm. 
Penn,  in  the  year  1793.  He  has  four 
children  living— Wm.  N.,  born  in  Du- 
buque May  16, 1857,  who  married  Delia 
C.  Nelson  Sept.  6, 1877;  she  was  also  born 
in  Dubuque,  June  21, 1858 ;  their  other 
children  are  Edward,  Ida  and  George. 
Is  a  Republican  and  Methodist. 

Hallam  Wm.  N.  far. ;  S.  11 ;  P.  0.  Tower 
Hill 

Henderson  J.  far.;  S.  26;  P.  0.  Nugent's 

Grove.  io     T>  n 

Hicken  Mark  E.  laborer  ;   Sec.  Irf;   r.  U. 

Manchester. 

Houlahan  J.  far. ;  S.  15 ;  P.  0^  Tower  H.  1. 

Houlahan  T.  far. ;  Sec.  2  ;  P- O^BarryviUe. 

Howe  D.  N.  far. ;  S.  13 ;  P.  0.  Manches  er. 

HOWE  ELI  N.  Farmer;  bee.  IcS; 
p  0  Manchester;  owns  246  aor^, 
value  $6,700  ;  bom  in  Smithfield,  Mad- 


686 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


ison  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  9,  1824;  came  to 
this  county  in  1862.  Married  Hamet 
Norton  Sept.  3,  1850,  who  was  born  in 
Dorchester,  Mass.,  Jan.  27,  1824 ;  their 
children  are  Delbert  N.,  born  Nov.  9, 
1851;  Martha,  Sept.  12,  1854;  Rich- 
ard N.,  Nov.  7,  1856,  and  Hope  H., 
May  5,  1865.  Is  a  Republican  and 
Protestant. 

Howe  R.'N.  far. ;  S.  IS ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Hunt  Wm.    far. ;    S.  27  ;    P.  0.  Nugent's 
Grove. 

HUBIiEY  COBNEIilUS,  Farm 
er;  Sec.  16;  P.  0.  Tower  Hill;  owns 
320  acres  worth  $8,000  ;  born  in  Ire- 
land in  1823 ;  came  to  America  in  1853, 
and  to  this  county  in  1856.  Married 
Jane  Grannan  Jan.  28,  1856 ;  she  was 
born  in  Ireland  in  April,  1836;  their 
children  are — Wm.  P.,  born  March  13, 
1857;  Francis  E.,  Oct.  3,  1858;  Cor- 
nelius, Aug.  10,  1860;  Mary  J.,  May 
l;,  1867;  Julia,  April  .'4,  1869,  and 
Edward,  July  29,  1877. 

Hurly  Wm.  P.  farmer;  Sec.    16;  P.  0. 
Tower  Hill. 

JOSLYN  M.  B.  farmer ;  Sec.  31 ;  P.  0. 
Nugent's  Grove. 

KENNEDY    WM.  farmer;    Sec.    9; 
P.  0.  Tower  Hill. 

Kenyon  B.  W.  farmer;  Sec.   15  ;   P.    0. 
Tower  Hill. 

Kerr  Mathew  L.  farmer;    Sec.  26^  P.  0. 
Nugent's  Grove. 

Kerr  R.  W.  farmer;  Sec.  26  ;   P.  0.  Nu- 
gent's Grove. 

Kerr  Wm.  teacher ;  Sec.  26 ;  P.  0.  Nu- 
gent's Grove. 
LAWTON  BYRON,  farmer  ;  Sec.  36 
P  0.  Nugent's  Grove. 

liENlVOX  W.  H.  Farmer;  Sec.  27 
P.  0.  Nugent's  Grove;  owns  80  acres 
valued  at  $2,500  ;  born  in  Ireland,  Sept, 
1,  1820;  came  to  America  in  1832 
and  settled  near  Montreal ;  was  seven 
years  in  the  British  army,  engaged  in 
the  Canadian  rebellion,  and  held  the 
office  of  Lieutenant  when  discharged; 
came  to  this  county  in  1857  and  settled 
on  kis  present  farm ;  married  Sarah  Bur- 
gess Oct.  17,  1858,  in  this  township. 
Rev.  Geo.  Gemmell  performing  the  cere- 
mony. Mrs.  L.  was  born  in  Stark  Co., 
Ohio,  April  12,  1827;  their  children 
are  Sarah  E.,  born  Oct.  9,  1859 ; 
Susan,  March  22, 1862,  and  Jesse,  Dec. 


3,  1866  ;  is  a  Republican  and  Presby- 
terian. Mrs.  L.  IS  a  member  of  the 
Methodist  Church. 

Lyons  Thos.  farmer  ;  Sec.  35  ;  P.  O.  Nu- 
gent's Grove. 

Mc  ENANY    ARTHUR,      farmer ; 
Sec.  20  ;  P    0.   Nugent's  Grove. 

McCIiOUD  ERWIN,  Farmer;  Sec. 
10  ;  P.  0.  Tower  Hill ;  owns  245  acres 
worth  $5,500  ;  born  in  Kane  Co.,  Ill, 
Nov.  12,  1852  ;  came  to  this  county 
with  his  parents  ia  1855;  married  Sarah 
Baxter  Feb.  17,  1870,  who  was  born  in 
Ireland,  Dec.  31,  1848;  their  children 
are  Austin  P.,  born  Nov.  9,  1873,  and 
Erwin  E.,  Jan.  7,  1876  ;  is  a  Republi- 
can in  politics. 

McELLiIOOTT  JAMES,  Farm- 
er ;  Sec.  10  ;  P.  0.  Tower  Hill ;  owns 
290  acres  worth  $7,250 ;  born  in 
Ireland  Dec.  25,  1828  ;  came  to  Ameri- 
ca in  1848,  and  to  this  county  in  1857  ; 
married  Ellen  Behan,  a  native  of  Ire- 
land, in  1853;  they  have  seven  children 
— John  R.,  Kate,  Mary,  Patrick, 
William,  James  and  David;  is  a  Catho- 
lic and  Democrat. 

McEnany  Patrick,  fiarmer;  Sec.  20;  P.  0. 
Nugent's  Grove. 

McEnany  Peter,  farmer  ;  Sec.  20  ;  P.  0. 
Nugent's  Grove. 

McKittriok  Thos.  farmer ;  S^c.  33  ;  P.  0. 
Nugent's  Grove. 

McReavey  Wm.  J.  farmer  ;  Sec.  24  ;  P. 
0.  Manchester. 

Magirl  Dennis,  farmei; ;  Sec.  24 ;  P.  0. 
Nugent's  Grove. 

Magirl  James,  far. ;  S.  12  ;  P.  O.  Man- 
chester. 

Magirl  John,  farmer;  Sec.  12;  P.  0- 
Manchester. 

Magirl  John  Jr.  farmer ;  Sec,  24  ;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 

Magirl  R.  far. ;  S.  1 2  ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Magirl  Thos.  farmer  ;  Sec.  2!4 ;  P.  0.  Nu- 
gent's Grove. 

Manyon  Jno.  farmer ;  P.  0.  Nugent's 
Grove. 

MILLER  THOS.  JR.  Farmer; 
Sec.  34;  P.  O.  Tower  Hill;  bofti  in 
New  York,  November,  1849 ;  came  to 
this  county  in  1876;  married  Sarah  Mc- 
Murray  May,  1874.  She  was  born  in 
New  York,  Deo.  20,  1855;  they  have 
two  children — Emily  aud  Sarah ;  is  a 
Protestant. 


ADAMS  TOWNSHIP. 


68T 


Monagan   T.   far.;   S.  30  ;  P.  0-  Nugent's 

Grove. 
Montgomery  Wm.  renter ;   S.  34  ;  P.  0. 

Nugent's  Grrove. 

OBRIEN  PETER,  lab.;  P.  0.  Tower 
Hill. 
PATTON   JAMES,  farmer  ;    S.    35 ; 
P.  0.  Nugent's  Grove. 
PATTOIV  JOSEPH,  Farmer  ;   S. 

25  ;  P.  0.  Nugent's  Grove,  Linn  Co.; 
owns  160  acres  worth  $4,000  ;  born  in 
Ireland,  Feb.  11,  1824  ;  came  to  Amer- 
ica in  1853,  and  to  this  county  in  1862  ; 
married  Margaret  Hawks  in  April  1857, 
who  was  a  native  of  Ireland ;  she  died 
April  1,  1867  ;  married  Jennette  Read 
Aug.  4,  1867,  who  was  born  in  Lucas 
Co.,  Ohio,  Aug.  20,  1844  ;  his  children 
by  the  first  marriage  are,  James,  bora 
July  7.  1858  ;  Joho,  March  11, 1860  ; 
Mary  Ann,  May  3, 1862  ;  Ellen,  Sept. 

24,  1863;  Margaret,  Oct.  25,  1865, 
died  March  11,  1878,  and  Joseph,  born 
March  31,  1867;  his  children  by  the 
last  marriage  are  Emma,  bom  Feb.  19, 
1869  ;  Ernest,  Jan.  2, 1871,  died  March 
7,  1872;  Scott,  July  4,  1873,  died 
March  26,  1878. 

PATTOX  BTATHAN,   Farmer;  S. 

26  ;  P.O.  Nugent's  Grove,Linn  Co.;  owns 
200  acres,  valued  at  $4,500 ;  born  in 
Ireland  in  1841 ;  came  to  America  in 
1864,  and  settled  in  Dubuque  Co.,  Iowa ; 
came  to  this  town  in  1869,  remaining  a 
year,  then  moved  to  Manchester,  and 
after  five  years  returned  again  to  this 
town  where  he  has  since  resided  ;  mar- 
ried Jane  Carrothers  April  18,  1871, 
born  in  Ireland  June  8,  1848;  their 
children  are,  Mary  J.,  born  AprU  1, 
1872 ;  Charles,  Nov.  24,  1874,  and 
Wm.  J.,  June  25, 1876  ;  is  a  Republi- 
can and  Presbyterian. 

Fatten  Wm.  far.;  8.  26;  P.  0.  Nugent s 
Grove. 

POrWD  E.  C.  Farmer,  S.  13 ;  P. 
0.  Tower  Hill ;  owns  240  acres,  worth 
$6,000 ;  born   in  Erie  Co.,  N.  Y.,  July 

25,  1849  ;  came  to  this  county  m  1861 
with  his  parents;  his  brother,  W.  A. 
Pound,  was  born  in  same  county,  New 
York,  and  came  to  this  county  in  1861 ; 
was  'married  to  Martha  A.  Howe 
August    19,  1874;    thiir  children  are 

Freddie  apd  Louie ;   Mr.  P.  is  a  Re. 

publican. 


Pound  W.  A.  farmer;    Sec.  11;    P.  0. 

Manchester. 
Powers  Thos.  far.;  S.  2  ;  P.  0.  Barryville. 
Preston  John  H.  farmer ;    Sec.  10  ;  P  0 

Tower  Hill 

READY  OWEN,  farmer;  Sec.  28;  P. 
0.  Nugent's  Grove. 
Reissler  Jacob,  far.;    S.  13;    P.  0.  Tower 

Hill. 
Riley  John,  far.;  S.  4 ;  P.  0.  Barryville. 
BOBIXSOK  JAMES,  Farmer; 
Sec.  8  ;  P.  0.  Barryville  ;  born  in  Ire- 
land Jan.  29,  1822,  came  to  America  in 
April,  1844,  and  to  this  county  in  1852. 
Married  Mary  A.  Gregg  Jan.  25, 1854, 
who  was  born  in  Ireland  Dec.  25,  1837. 
They  have  nine  children  living  and  three 
deceased — Wm.  J.,  born  Nov.  14, 1854  ; 
Esther  A.,  April  12, 1856,  died  May  28, 
1872  ;  Margaret,  born  April  30,  1857  ; 
Thomas,  Sopt.  15,  1850  ;  Sarah,  Aug. 
27,  1860,  died  May  31,  1872 ;  Robert, 
June  29,  1862;  Eliza,  Aug.  6,  1864; 
Alexander,  Oct.  9, 1866  ;  John  B.,  Jan. 
4,1869;  Henry  E.,  March  26,  1871;, 
Mary  J.,  Oct.  2,  1873,  died  May  17, 
1875,  and  Charles  J.,  -4pril  15,  1876 ; 
owns  520  acres  worth  $13,000  ;  is  a  Re- 
publican and  Methodist. 

BOBIXSOX  JOHN,  Pairmer  S. 
5 ;  P.  0.  Manchester ;  owns  400  acres 
valued  at  $8,000  ;  born  in  Ireland,  Far- 
managh  Co.,  Dec.  26,  1826 ;  came  to 
this  county  April,  1854 ;  married  Mar- 
garet Swindle  March  16,  1854;  she 
was  boru  in  Ireland;  they  have  two 
children  living — George  T.,  born  March 
9,  1857;  Anthony,  'June  17,  1868; 
principal  product,  wheat,  cornund  hay, 
pork  and  beef. 

Robinson  R.  far.;  S.  17,  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Robinson  Thos.  far.;  S.  7  ;  P.O.  Barryville. 

Rogers  D.  far. ;  S.  13 ;  P.  0.  Tower  HiU. 

Ryan  F.  P.  far. ;  S.  9 ;  P.  0.  Tower  Hill. 

Ryan  James,  far. ;  S.  9  ;  P.  0.  Tower  Hill. 

Ryan  M.  J.  far. ;  S.  9 ;  P.  0.  Tower  HUl. 

QAVAGE   ALFRED  G.   teacher;   S. 

C)     34  ;  P.  0.  Nugent's  Grove. 

SAI^DILANDS  THOMAS  (De- 
ceased), was  born  in  Edinburg,  Scotland, 
June  26,  1823,  where  he  learned  the 
trade  of  stone  cutter,  which  occupa- 
tion he  followed  the  greater  part  of  his 
life.  In  1848,  he  emigrated  to  St. 
I  John,  Newfoundland,  where  he  re- 
I       mained  only  a  few  months,  coming  to 


688 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


Washington,  D.  C,  in  the  Fall  of  the 
same  year ;  returned  to  Scotland  in  the 
Fall  of  1851,  where,  March  23,  1852, 
he  married  Miss  Euphemia  Smith,  and 
in  a  few  months  returned  with  his  bride 
to  America,  his  adopted  country,  and 
settled  in  Washington,  where  he  lived 
till  1859,  then  moved  to  Columbia,  S. 
C.,  where  he  remained  till  after  the 
breaking  out  of  the  war,  when  he,  with 
great  difficulty,  succeeded  in  getting 
back  to  Washington  in  the  Spring  of 
1863,  his  family  coming  the  year  before  ; 
in  1866,  he  moved  to  this  county  and 
purchased  a  farm,  on  which  his  widow 
and  children  now  reside.  He  was  for 
many  years  a  consistent  member  of  the 
I.  0.  0.  F.  in  Washington  City.  He 
died  Oct.  24,  1876.  His  children  are 
Euphemia,  horn  Jan.  21,  1853,  died 
July  11,  1853;  Isabella,  born  July  23, 
1854;  Mary,  July  27,  1857;  and 
Thomas,  Aug.  11, 1865.  Mrs.  S.  owns 
200  acres  on  S.  4,  worth  $5,000.  P.  0. 
Barryville ;  was  born  in  Scotland  Feb. 
29,  1834.  The  family  are  Presbyte- 
rians. 

SAVAGE  HERBERT,  Farmer; 
S.  34;  P.  0.  Nugent's  Grove,  Linn 
Co. ;  owns  235  acres,  valued  at  f  5,000  ; 
born  in  Somerset  Co.,  Me.,  May  5, 
1800 ;  came  to  this  county  in  1865 ; 
married  Olive  Gould  in  1832.  She 
was  born  in  the  same  county  April  23, 
1815.  Four  children  are  living  and  one 
deceased — Holland  W.,  born  Aug.  11, 
1847;  Wm.  G.,  Oct.  9,  1849;  Hugh 
M.,  March  27,  1851  ;  Alfred  G.,  Jan. 
9,  1855  ;  and  Lewis  G.,  Jan.  3,  1843, 
who  died  Jan.  29,  1868.  The  latter 
married  Libbie  Donaldson  Sept.  27, 
1862,  who  was  born  in  Pennsylvania 
Jan.  10,  1846.  He  left  behind  three 
sons — Harry  B.,  Charles  H.,  and  An- 
drew W.,  who,  with  their  mother,  still 
reside  with  their  grandparents. 

Savage  Hugh  M.  farmer ;  Sec.  34  ;  P.  0. 
Nugent's  Grove. 

SEARIGHT  QUINTIN,  Farmer; 
Sec.  10  ;  P.  0.  Tower  Hill;  owns  eighty 
acres,  worth  $1,600  ;  born  in  Ireland  in 
May,  1834  ;  came  to  America  io  1852, 
and  settled  in  New  Tork,  where  he  re- 
mained three  years ;  then  moved 
to  Pittsburgh,  Penn.,  where  he  re- 
sided till  1870,  when  he  moved  to  this 


county.  Married  Martha  Baxter 
April  8,  1867,  who  was  born  in  Ireland 
May  3,  1834.  Is  a  Kepublican  and 
Methodist. 

Sharp  John  D.  farmer ;  Sec.  23 ;  P.  0. 
Tower  Hill. 

SHERMAW  WM.  H.  Farmer  and 
Stock  Kaiser;  P.  0.  Nugent's  Grove, 
Linn  Co.  Owns  120  acres  in  this 
county,  140  acres  in  Linn  County,  aod 
80  acres  in  Ma  Grove,  Ida  Co.,  within 
one  and  a  half  miles  of  county  seat ;  the 
whole  is  valued  at  $7,250.  Born  in 
Medina  Co.,  0.,  March  15, 1838 ;  came 
to  this  countyin  1862.  Married  Lucia 
Cleveland  March  20,  1860,  who  was 
born  in  Tioga  Co.,  Penn.,  August  19, 
1841.  They  have  four  children  living, 
and  one  deceased — Ora  B.,  bom  in  Ohio,. 
Oct.  19,  1861,  and  died  Nov.  10, 1870  ;. 
Eva  Z..  born  June  24,1864;  Annie 
W.,  Nov.  14,  1867  ;  Ida  S.,  March  23, 
1871,  and  Frank  C,  July  10,  1873. 
Is  a  Republican  and  Protestant ;  Mrs.. 
S.  is  a  member  of  the  Christian  Church. 

SHEW  C.  A.  Farmer ;  Sec.  21 ;  P. 
0.  Tower  Hill ;  owns  160  acres,  worth 
13,200;  born  in  Jefferson  Co.,  N.  Y., 
in  1832  ;  came  to  Whiteside  Co.,  111., 
in  1853,  and  to  this  county  in  1862. 
Married  Martha  Daniels,  Feb.  14, 
1853;  she  was  born  near  Montreal, 
Canada,  April  26,  1836  ;  their  childi'en) 
are  Willis  M.,  born  Oct.  28,  1855; 
Alonzo,  June  28,  1860 ;  Elmira,  July 
9,  1864,  and  Freddie,  July  16,  1870. 
Is  a  Republican  and  Baptist. 

Shew  Willis  M.  farmer  ;  Sec.  21  ;  P.  0. 
Tower  Hill. 

SMITH  CHRISTOPHER,. 
Farmer ;  Sec.  33 ;  P.  0.  Nugent's 
Grove,  Linn  Co.;  owns  160  acres  valued 
at  $3,200  ;  born  in  Ireland  November, 
1832;  came  to  America  Oct.  15,  1851, 
and  to  this  county  April  7,  1866;  mar- 
ried Mary  A.  White  Oct.  29,  1859-, 
who  was  born  in  Ireland  ;  their  children 
are  Edward,  born  June  20, 1 862  ;  Susan 
Aug.  12,  1864;  Maggie,  Dec.  1,  1868; 
John,  April  1,  1870,  and  Kate,  March 
12, 1872  ;  is  a  Democrat  and  Catholic. 

Sweingruber  Jacob,  farmer  ;  Sec.  13  ;  P. 
0.  Tower  Hill. 

Swindle  A.  far,;  S.  15  ;   P.  0,  Barryville. 

Swindle  Wm.  B.  farmer :  Sec.  7  ;  P.  0. 
Barryville. 


NORTH  FORK   TOWNSHIP. 


TIPTON  JAMES,  farmer;  Sec.  36- 
P.  O.  Nugent's  Grove. 
TITUS  WM.  F.  Farmer  and  Carpen- 
ter ;  Sec.  36  ;  P.  0.  Nugent's  Grove, 
Lmn  Co.;  owns  eighty  acres,  valued  at 
$2,000 ;  born  in  Kennebec  Co.,  Me 
March  24, 1822  ;  went  to  Massachusetts 
in  1842,  where  he  remained  six  years, 
returned  again  to  Maine,  and,  in  1851, 
came  to  Winnebago  Co.,  111.,  where  he 
remained  till  1857,  when  he  moved  to 
Jones  Co.,  Iowa,  remaining  there  until 
he  moved  to  this  county,  in  1871.  He 
married  Julia  Ketchum  June  15, 1844, 
who  was  born  in  Ohio  Nov.  1,  1820; 
their  children  are  Eveline  M.,  born 
June,  4,  1848;  Marcia  P.,  April  18, 
1850;    Georgiana  B.,  May  23,  1853; 


689 


William,  June  9,  1859,  and  Carrie  B 
Oct.  14,  1862.     Eepublican 
Todd  A.  G.  far^;  S.  23;  P.  0.  Tower  Hill. 

l^'f.f!'''-'.^"'-^^^'  I'-O.  Tower  Hill. 
T£ddS  far;  Sec.  23  ;  P.  0.  Tower  Hill. 
TTTARD  JOHN,  farmer;  Sec.  28  ■  P 

V  V       0.  Nugent's  Grove. 
Welch  J.  far.;   Sec.  10;   P.  0.  BarryviUe. 
Wilhams  John,  retired ;  Sec.  35  ;    P.  0. 
Nugent's  Grove. 

Williamson  Thomas,  farmer;   Sec  15-  P 

0.  Tower  Hill.  '      ' 

Woods   James,  farmer;    Sec.  29  ;    P.  0. 

Nugent's  Grove. 
Woods  Patrick,  farmer;    Sec.  29  ;    P.    0. 

Nugent's  Grove. 
Woods   Peter,  farmer  ;    Sec.  29  ;    P.  0. 

Nugent's  Grove. 


NORTH    FORK    TOWNSHIP. 


ALLMAN  JOHN,  farmer ;  Sec.  7  ; 
P.  0.  Earlville. 

Ammerman  W.  B.  renter  ;  S.  19  ;  P.  0. 
Earlville. 

Anghen  T.  far.  ;  S.   24  ;  P.  O.   Kockville. 

ABXOIiD  HEWRY,  Farmer  ;  Sec. 
21  ;  P.  0.  Rockville  ;  born  in  Canada, 
1833  ;  came  to  the  States  and  Jeiferson 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1849.  Followed  sailing 
on  the  lakes  for  seven  years  ;  moved  to 
Iowa  and  settled  on  his  present  farm  in 
1857  ;  he  was  married  in  1859  to  Miss 
Sarah  A.  Reid,  from  Pa.  They  have 
had  nine  children,  eight  living — John, 
Mary,  Charles,  Ella,  Frederick,  Edward, 
Lillie  and  Josie.  He  has  held  the  office 
of  Township  Trustee  two  years.  School 
Director  one  year.  He  has  the  office 
of  Director  in  the  Farmers'  Mutual  Fire 
Insurance  Co.  one  year.  He  has  240 
acres  land,  value  $6,000. 

ASHBVBN  H.  Farmer  ;  Sec.  27  ;  P. 
0.  Worthington  ;  born  in  Tenn.,  1832  ; 
moved  to  McLean  Co.,  111.,  1844  ;  to 
Iowa  and  Delaware  Co.  in  1850  ;  on 
bis  present  farm  in  1865.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  1855  to  Miss  Francis  J.  Reeder, 
from  England.  He  has  170  acres  of 
land,  value  $5,000.  In  politics,  Rrp. ; 
in  religion,  United  Brethren.  He  held 
the  office  of  Township  Trustee  three 
years.     Road    Supervisor    five     years. 


Mr.  Ashburn's  father,  Geo.  W.  Ashburn, 
was  among  the  earilest  and  most  promi- 
nent settlers  of  the  county.  He  was  en- 
gaged in  the  mercantile  trade  for  several 
years ;  was  also  a  popular  hotel  keeper 
at  Delhi  for  a  number  of  years.  Mr. 
Ashburn  is  among  the  active  members 
in  the  Church  of  the  United  Brethren, 
which  was  organized  eighteen  years  ago. 
Rev.  R.  H.  Watters,  Pastor  at  present, 
membership  55. 
Aubrey  R.  far;  Sec.  19;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

BAILEY  J.  B.  farmer  ;  Sec.  25  ;  P.  0. 
Worthington. 

Bailey  R.  M.  laborer  ;  Worthington. 

<Barrington  T.  far. ;  S.  2  ;  P.  0.  Dyersville. 

BEIili  ElilSHA,  Farmer ;  Sec.  27  ; 
P.  0.  Worthington  ;  born  in  Pa.,  March 
26,  1814 ;  moved  to  Iowa  and  Scott 
Co.  in  Spring  of  1838 ;  to  Delaware 
Co.  and  his  present  farm  in  1849.  He 
was  married  in  1840  to  Miss  Martha 
Nicholson  ;  she  was  born  Feb.  16, 1823, 
in  Sandusky,  Ohio,  in  1836  ;  they  have 
had  eight  children — Mary  E.,  born  Jan. 
10,  1841;  Alvira,  born  Dec.  1,  1843, 
and  died  Dec.  12,  1843;  Montgomery 
E,born  Nov.  24,  1846;  Leander  W., 
born  March  30,  1849;  enlisted  in  May, 
1865;  died  at  La  Grange,  Tenn.,  Aug. 
5,  1865;  Eva,  born  Oct.  9,  1852; 
Alice  May,  born  May  16,  1858 ;  died 


690 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


Dec.  29,  1858  ;  Bertha  A.,  born  Sept. 
27,  1860;  Clarence  B.  born  July  25, 
1865.  He  has  held  the  office  of  School 
Treasurer  three  years  ;  he  has  180  acres 
land  valued  at  84,000.  In  politics, 
Rep. ;  in  religion,  Methodist.  Mr.  Bell 
was  among  the  earliest  settlers  of  the 
State,  and  very  few  people  living  in 
North  Fork  Tp,  when  he  came. 

Benning  H.  far. ;  S.  10  ;  P.  0.  Dyersville. 

Benning  J.  far.  ;  Sec.  14;  P.  0.  Dyersville. 

Benning  W.  laborer  ;  Dyersville. 

Bergman  H.far. ;  S.  8  ;  P.  0.  Dyersville. 

Billmeirer  G.  far. ;  S.  2  ;  P.  0.  Dyersville. 

Billmeirer  M.far. ;  Sec.  8  ;  P.  0.  Dyersville. 

Billmeirer  G.  far. ;  S.  8  ;  P.  0.  Dyersville. 

Blackmore  W.  far.;  S.  13  ;  P.O.Dyersville. 

Boddy  G.  far. ;   Sec.  2  ;  P.  0.  Dyersville. 

Brauer  0.  far.;  S.  27;  P.  0.   Worthington. 

Brauer  M.  far. ;  Sec.  8  ;  P.  0.  Dyersville. 

Brodt  E.  far.;  P.  0.  Worthington. 

Brunken  J.  far.  ;  S.  15 ;  P.  0.  Dyersville. 

Bryan  A.  fchool  teacher;  Sec.  23  ;  P.  0. 
Worthington. 

Burket  0.  laborer. 

BRYAIV  FRAXK,  Farmer;  Sec. 
23  ;  P.  0.  Worthington.  Born  in  Eng- 
land, Sept.  20,  1833;  moved  to  this 
country  and  New  York  in  1850.  To 
Michigan  in  1855 ;  to  Iowa  in  1856; 
to  Dubuque  Co.  in  1859 ;  on  his  present 
farm  in  1867  ;  he  was  married  in  1855 
to  Miss  Mary  Luey,  from  Mass.  She 
was  born  Jan.  10,  1837.  They  have 
had  four  children — Albert  S.,  born  Aug. 
29,  1856  ;  Isadore  E.,  Oct.  28.  1858  ; 
Levina,  July  6, 1860;  Frances  C,  July 
26,  1862  ;  Levina  died  March  12, 1873  ; 
Mr.  Bryan  held  the  office  of  School 
Director  one  year.  Road  Supervisor  one 
year;  he  has  100  acres  land,  value 
84,000  ;  140  acres  in  Sac  Co. ;  in  politics. 
Rep.;  Albert  L.  and  Isadore  E.  are 
school  teachers. 

Bryant  John,  renter  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

BUBBILL  JOSEPH,  Farmer; 
S.  21 ;  P.  0.  Earlville  ;  born  in  Suf- 
folk Co.,  Massachusetts.  1816  ;  moved  to 
Iowa  and  Dubuque  Co.  1857  ;  to  Dela- 
ware County  and  his  present  farm,  1873  ; 
he  was  married  in  1839  to  Miss  Char- 
lotte S.  Payne  from  N.  H.;  she  died  in 
1850  ;  he  was  married  again  in  1850  to 
Miss  Mary  A.  Doton,  from  N.  H.;  they 
have  had  nine  children,  eight  living — 
Charlotte  L.,  Joseph  W.,G.Allen,Francis 


M.,  Stephen  C,  Mary  E.,  Benjamin  K., 
JosieA.  Mr.  Burrill  and  C.  McKee 
purchased  lots  and  built  the  first  houses 
built  in  the  town  of  Worthington,  Du- 
buque Co.;  he  held  the  office  of  Justice 
of  the  Peace  two  years,  and  Township 
Clerk  one  year  in  that  town  ;  he  has  80 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $1,500. 
Burrell  W.   laborer  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

CARVER  JOHN,  far.;  S.  13  ;  P.  0. 
Rockville. 
Cavanaugh  Jas.  far.;  S.  29  ;  P.O.  Rockville. 
CavanaughJ.  far.;  S.  29;  P.  0.  Rockville. 
Cavanaugh  Michael,  renter ;  P.O. Rockville. 
Cavanaugh  Pat.  retired  ;  P.O.  Rockville. 
Clark  W.  C.  far.;  S.  7  ;  P.  0.  Rockville. 
Cook  Charles,  far.;  S.  30  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 
Cook  R.  J.  far.;  S.  30  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 
Cook  Richard,  far.;  S.  30  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 
Cratoy  Michael,  S.  3  ;  P.  0.  Dyersville. 

DUNKELL    HENRY,   farmer;  Sec. 
15;  P.  0.  Worthington. 
Dryer  Jno.  renter;  S.  9  ;  'P.  0.  Dyersville. 

EVANS  JAMBS  H.  far. ;  Sec.  10  ;  P. 
0.  Dyersville. 
FLECKENSTBIN  JOSEPH,  renter ; 
Sec.  34 ;  P.  0.  Worthington. 
Fleming  P.  P.  far.;  Sec.  18;  P.O.  Earlville. 
Fitzsimmons  Patrick,  far. ;  Sec.  8 ;  P.  0. 

Earlville. 
Fitzsimmons  Wellington,  far. ;  Sec.  8 ;  P.  0. 
Earlville. 

GALYEAN  J.  B.  renter;  Sec.  18;  P. 
0.  Earlville. 

OEORGEIV  C.  P.  Miller,  Rockville; 
born  in  Germany  in  1838 ;  moved  to  this 
country  and  Dubuque  in  1859 ;  to  Vol- 
ga City,  Clayton  Co.,  1861;  to  Dyers- 
ville, 1863 ;  to  his  present  position  in 
1866.  He  was  married  in  1866  to  Miaa 
Ann  Ruddlesdin,  from  England.  They 
have  had  four  children — Minnie  G., 
John,  Annie  J.,  Charles  E.  He  has 
held  the  office  of  School  Director  three 
years,  School  Treasurer  three  years.  He 
has  carried  the  D.  S.  mail  from  Worth- 
ington to  Rockville  for  the  past  five 
years.  Mr.  G.  learned  his  trade  as  a 
miller  in  Germany.  His  father-in-law, 
John  Ruddlesdin,  is  proprietor  of  the 
mill  he  now  operates. 

Gibbs  Geo.  far. ;  Sec.  6 ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

GIBBS  JOHN,  Sr.  Far. ;  Sec.  12  ; 
P.  0.  Earlville  ;  born  in  Somersetshire, 
Bng,,  Nov.  22,  1816.  They  moved  to 
this  country  and  Delaware  Co.  in  1852  j 


NORTH  FORK  TOWNSHIP. 


691 


on  his  present  farm  in  1875.  He  was 
married  in  1837  to  Miss  Elizabeth 
Bunn,  from  England;  she  was  born 
March  8,  1819.  They  have  had  thir- 
teen children— Ruth,  Edward,  Matthew, 
Sarah,  Jane,  Elizabeth,  Phebe  A., 
Eliza,  John,  Jr.,  George  H.,  Mary  J., 
Ellen,  Alice  A.  Jane,  Ellen  and  Alice 
A.  are  dead;  Johu  and  Eliza  live  at 
home  and  assist  in  carrying  on  the  farm ; 
George  was  married  to  Miss  H.  Bis- 
grove,  from  Delaware  Co.,  February, 
1877  ;  they  live  on  a  part  of  the  farm  ; 
Ruth  married  W.  Parker,  of  Utah  ;  Ed- 
ward married  Miss  Ada  Pilgrim,  and 
lives  in  Bremen  Tp. ;  Matthew  married 
Miss  Amelia  Lewis,  of  Auburn,  N.  Y. ; 
they  live  in  Auburn;  Sarah  married 
Henry  Pilgrim,  from  England,  and  lives 
in  Elk  Tp. ;  Elizabeth  married  James 
Hunt,  from  England,  and  lives  in  Bremen 
Tp. ;  Phebe  A.  married  John  Cook,  from 
England  ;  Mary  J.  married  E.  Bisgrove, 
from  England  ;  they  live  in  Bremer  Tp. 
Mr.  Gibbs  has  held  the  office  of  School 
Director  one  year.  He  has  645  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $18,000.  In  politics, 
Republican.  He  is  among  the  earliest 
settlers  of  the  county ;  no  neighbors 
within  two  miles  of  them  when  they  set- 
tled on  their  farm. 

Gibbs  Jno.  Jr.  far. ;  S.   6  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

Goldsmith  P.  far.  ;  S.  8 ;  P.  0.  DyersviUe. 

Goldsmith  J.  far.  ;  S.  8  ;  P.  O.  Dyersville. 

Gould  E.  B.  far. ;  S.  19;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

Graham  S.  far. ;  S.  6  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

Grapes  Geo.  far. ;  8.  36  ;  P.  0.  Worfch- 
ington. 

Grapes  J.  B.  lab. ;  Worthington. 

Grapes  Irvin,    lab. ;  Worthington. 

Grapes  John,  lab. ;  Worthington. 

Grapes  Saml.  retired. 

Grou  H.  far.  ;  S.  27 ;  P.  0.  Worthington. 

HAIGHT  J.  S.  farmer  ;  S.  7 ;  P.  0. 
Earlville. 

Ham  R.  far.  ;  S.  36  ;  P.  0.  Worthington. 

Haass  J.  far.  ;  S.  15  ;  P.  0.  Rockville. 

Haass  Nicholas  Jr.  farmer  ;  S.  15  ;  P.  0. 
Rockville. 

Haass  Nicholas  Sr.  farmer  ;  S.  15 ;  P.  0. 
Rockville. 

Hatch  G.  far. ;  S.  1  ;  P.  0.  Dyersville. 

Hatch  Jesse,  retired  ;  Rockville. 

jjjj^IjY  E.  Farmer  and  Dealer  in  Ag- 
ricultural Implements  ;  P.  0.  Earlville ; 
born  in   Canada  East  June  29,  1826 ; 


came  to  Massachusetts  in  1846;  he 
moved  to  this  State  and  county  in  1854. 
He  purchased  his  present  farm  and  set- 
tled on  it  in  same  year.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  1848  to  Miss  C.  L.  Hartwell, 
from  Vermont ;  they  had  four  children ; 
she  died  in  i866.  He  was  married  in 
1869  to  Miss  Maria  C.  Vanderveer, 
from  New  Jersey  ;  they  have  had  one 
child.  Mr.  Healy  has  600  acres  of  land 
located  in  Sees.  4  and  6,  North  Fork 
Township.  He  is  the  oldest  agricul- 
tural implement  dealer  in  the  State,  hav- 
ing carried  on  the  business  successfully 
for  over  twenty-one  years.  He  has 
handled  McCormick's  Reapers  for 
twenty-one  years.  He  has  also  specu- 
lated in  land  to  quite  an  extent.  He 
has  held  the  office  of  Township  Assessor 
three  years  and  School  Director  nine 
years.  He  has  held  a  prominent  posi- 
tion in  connection  with  the  Old  Settler's 
Association  of  the  county. 

Holdren  D.  J.  renter ;  Sec.  18 ;  P.  0. 
Earlville. 

House  C.  far.;  S.  36  ;  P.  0.  Worthington. 

Hummell  P.  C.  lab. ;  P.  0.  Worthington. 

Hutchenson  Adam,  farmer  ;  Sec.  4 ;  P. 
0.  Earlville. 

Hutchenson  J.  N.  farmer  ;  Sec.  4  ;  P.  0. 
Earlville. 

JAGER  JOHN,  farmer ;    Sec.  26  ;    P. 
0.  Worthington. 
Jager  M.  far.;    S.  6 ;  P.  0.  Worthington. 
Jancy  Jas.  laborer  ;  Dyersville. 
Jager  S.  far.;  S.  25  ;  P.  0.  Worthington. 

KINNY  THOS.  farmer ;    Sec.  9  ;    P. 
0.  Dyersville. 
Kinny  Wm.  far. ;  Sec.  7  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

LIBB Y  S.  A.  farmer ;  Sec.  31 ;  P.  0. 
Hopkinton. 
Lipple  C.  far.;  Sec.  27  ;  P.  0. Worthington. 
Lux  Jos.  farmer ;  Sec.  29  ;   P.  0.  Delhi. 

MCCAFFREY  FRANK,  laborer  ;  P. 
0.  Earlville. 

McCaffrey  T.  far. ;  Sec.  30  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Macomber  A.  renter ;  Sec.  28 ;  P.  0. 
Worthington. 

Mangrick  Martin,  farmer;  Sec.  13;  P.  0. 
Worthington. 

Martin  Patrick,  renter;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

Milan  Thomas,  laborer. 

Millard  C.  far.;  Sec.  12  ;  P.  0.  Dyersville. 

Millard  J.  far.;  Sec.  3  ;  P.  0.  Dyersville. 

Millish  E.  far.;  Sec.  11 ;  P.  0.  Dyers- 
ville. 


692 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


Moulton   H.   Jr.    far.;    S.    36;    P.    0.; 
Worthington. 

Mueller  F.  merchant  and  P.  M. ;  Rockville. 

Meyers  L.  W.  renter;  S.  22  ;  P,  0.  Rock- 
ville. 

^TACHTMAN  A.  farmer;  Sec.  3;  P. 

JJ\       0.  Dyersville. 

ISICHOI-SON  ROBERT,  Far.; 
Sec.  8 ;  P.  0.  Earlville ;  born  in  county 
Leitram,  Ireland,  in  March,  1821~;  emi- 
grated to  U.  S.  A.  in  1841,  living  in 
Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey  until  the 
Spring  of  1855,  when  he  came  to  this 
county  and  erected  his  residence  where 
he  now  lives  ;  married  the  I'Zth  of  Aug., 
1846,  to  Mary  Cook  ;  she  died  in  May, 
1856 ;  they  had  three  children — Thomas, 
Eliza  J.  and  Robert ;  married  Jan.  17, 
1861,  Jane  Morris,  in  Ohio.  She  died 
in  1861,  leaving  one  child — Rolland  B., 
who  died  when  4  years  old ;  married  the 
third  time,  Delia  Flinn,  Dec.  24,  1866. 
She  died  in  1868,  leaving  one  child — 
Lucy  Ann.  Mr.  Nicholson  has  220 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $4,500  ;  has 
held  the  office  of  Justice  of  the  Peace 
for  several  years  past  and  is  also  Town 
Commissioner. 

Noonan  Pat.  far ;  S.  21  ;  P.  0.   Rockville. 

Noonan  Thomas,  lab. ;  P.  0.  Rockville. 

O'MERA  ED.  far. ;  Sec.  20 ;   P.  0. 
Earlville. 
Omera  John ;  far. ;  S.  20  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 
Oohler  Henry,  renter  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 
Otto  A.  far. ;  Sec.  14 ;  P.  0.  Dyersville. 
Otto  Wm.  lab. ;  Dyersville. 

PAGE   C^SAR,  far.;  S.  16;  P.    0. 
Rockville. 
Page  Wm.   far.;   S.  16  ;  P.  0.  Rockville. 
Peets  John,  lab.;  Worthington. 
Popham  Edwin,  far.;  S.ll ;  P.O.  Dyersville. 
Peets  Lewis,  far.;  8.  35J;  P.O. Worthington 

REEDER  ROYAL,  far.;  S.15  ;  P.  0. 
Dyersville. 
Raker  Louis, far..  Sec.  2  ;  P.  0.  Dyersville. 
Richardson  David,  far.;  S.  6  ;  P.O. Earlville. 
Richardson  J.  far.;  S.  6  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 
Richardson  John,  far.-  S.  6  ;  P.O.  Eailville. 


Rotterman  R.  far.;  S.  13  ;  P.O.  Dyersville. 
Ruddlesdin  Eli,  renter  ;  P.  0.  Rockville. 
Ruddlesdin  John,  renter  ;  Rockville. 

SCHREKMELLE  ANTON,  Farmer  ; 
S.  15;  P.O.  Rockville. 
Sharp  Henry,  far.;  S.  10  ;  P.O.  Dyersville. 
Sharp  John,  far.;  S.  15  ;  P.  0.  Dyersville. 
Sievert  John,  far.;  S.  5  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 
Smith  Jacob,  far.;  S.28  ;  P.O.  Worthington. 
Smith  J.  J.  far.;  S.  28  ;  P.O.Worthington. 
Stoner  Henry,  far.;  S.  18  ;  P.O.  Earlville. 
Stoner  Willis,  far.;  S.  18  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

TASTOOE    F.    renter;    S.   7 ;  P.  0. 
Dyersville.  '- 

Tattersol  Roger,  far.;  S.  2  ;  P.O.  Dyersville. 
Toomer  Wm.  far.;  S.  14 ;  P.  0.  Dyersville. 

WADSLEY  JOHN,  far.;  S.25  ;  P.  0. 
Worthington. 
WHEELESS  A.  B.,  P.  0.  Worth- 
ington ;  S.  34  ;  born  in  Washington  Co., 
111.,  1826  ;  moved  to  Iowa  and  on  to  hb 
present  farm  in  1851 ;  he  was  married  in 
1848  to  Miss  Sarah  H.  Barnes,  from  111.; 
they   have  had   eleven   children,  eight 
living — Matilda  E.,   William  B.,  Mary 
A.,  Henry  H.,    Stephen  D.,  Uriah  T., 
Reuben  A.,  Sarah  L.     His  wife  died  in 
the  Fall  of  1872  ;  married  again,  in  the 
Fall  of  1875,  to  Miss  A.  A.  Place,  from 
New  York  ;  they  have  had  one  child — 
Perry  R.;  Mr.  W.  has  held  the  office  of 
Justice  of  the   Peace   four  years ;  Tp. 
Trustee  ten  years ;  School  Director  fif- 
teen years ;  he  has  240  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $9,000 ;  Mr.  W.  enlisted  in 
the  Mexican  War,  in  1846,  under  Gens. 
Taylor  and  Wool ;  he  was  engaged  in 
■  the  battle  of  Buena  Vista ;  his  company 
went  into  the   engagement  with  forty 
men  and  came  out   with  twenty  fit  for 
duty ;  in  politics,  Mr.  H.  is  an  Old  Line 
Democrat ;  in  religion,  M.  E. 
Whitney  Robt., farmer;  S.  14  ;  P.O.  Dyers- 
ville. 
Wilkinson  Wm.  far.;   S.  28  ;  P.  0.  Worth- 
ington. 
Wolfe  Charles, renter;  S.  33  ;  P.  0. Worth- 
ington. 


HAZEL   GREEN  TOWNSHIP. 


693 


HAZEL    GREEN    TOWNSHIP. 


ABBEY  G.  farmer;   Sec.   32;  P.O. 
Golden  Prairie. 

Aldrich  Henry,  far. ;  S.  22  ;  P.  0.  Golden 
Prairie. 

Aldrich  Lewis,  renter  ;  S.  21 ;  P.  0.  Golden 
Prairie. 

Aldrich  L.  far. ;  Sec.  1 ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 

Ames  J.  M.  far. ;  Sec.  5 ;  P.  0.  Golden 
Prairie. 

Ames  Bohert  W.  far. ;  S.  5  ;  P.  0.  Golden 
Prairie. 

ANDREWS  AJLONZO,  Farmer; 
Sec.  1  ;  P.  0.  Delhi;  owns  100  acres, 
valued  at  $3,000 ;  borrf  in  New  York 
State,  in  1835  ;  came  to  this  county  in 
1859  ;  married  Miss  Elvira  Barnes  Dec. 
23,  1864;  she  was  born  in  Canada 
July  17,  1844;  has  three  children — 
Minnie  M.,  Gertrude  and  Florence  C. 
Republican. 

Arnold  H.  far  ;  S.  35  ;  P.  0.  Uniontown. 

Atkins  A.  far.;  S.4;  P.O.  Golden  Prairie. 

BBLDING  AMOS,  laborer  ;  Sec.  11 ; 
P.  O.  Hazel  Green. 
Bensley  J.  M.  far.  ;  S.  32  ;  P.  0.  Nugent's 

Grove. 
Billin<;p  F.  far. ;  S.  12  ;  P.  0.  Hazel  Green. 
Bloodgood  L.  W.  far.  ;  S.  5  ;  P.  0.   Man- 

clicst/Gr* 
Brewer  C.  far. ;  Sec.  29  ;    P.   0.  Golden 

Britt  P.  far. ;  S.  21  ;  P.  0.  Golden  Prairie, 
Brown   W.    renter  ;  S.    9  ;  P.  0.  Golden 

Prairie. 
Burke  J.  farmer  ;  Sec.  23. 

CARPENTER  E.  G.  clergyman  ;?Sec. 
8  ;  P.  0.  Golden  Prairie. 

Chrystal  D.  far  . ;  Sec.  8  ;  P.  0.  Golden 
Prairie. 

CHRYSTAIi  JOH]?r,  Farmer  ; 
Sec.  8  ;  P.  0.  Golden  Prairie  ;  owns  360 
acres,  valued  at  $10,000  ;  principal  pro- 
duct corn  and  hay ;  born  in  Scotland 
Jan.  25,  1837  ;  came  to  this  county  in 
1856 ;  married  Miss  Mary  Orr  March 
21  1867  ;  she  was  born  in  Muskingum 
•Co.',  Ohio,  Aug.  8,  1839  ;  has  four  chil- 
dren living — Sarah  J.,  born  April  24, 
1868  ;  Robert  A.,  Dec.  15,  1869  ;  Cath- 
erine, July  19,  1871  ;  Mary  L.,  Sept. 
11  1873,  died  Jan.  22,  1874,  and  an 
infknt,  born  Oct.  8,  1877  ;  Mr.  C.  is   a 


Republican  in  politics ;  in  religion, 
Reformed  Presbyterian. 

Clark  F.  teacher;  S.  5;  P.  0.  Golden 
Prairie. 

Crosier  A.  lab.  ;  S.  1  ;  P.  0.  Hazel  Green. 

CROSIER  RRADFORD,  Farm- 
er;  Sec.  1;  P.  0.  Hazel  Green;  owns 
100  acres,  valued  at  $3,000  ;  born  in 
Cuyahoga  Co.,  Ohio,  August,  1822  ; 
came  to  this  county  in  1846,  and  to  his 
present  residence  in  1853  ;  married  Miss 
Henrietta  Pierce  Nov.  21,  1849  ;  has 
six  children  livine — Henry,  born  in 
1850;  Blmira,  1852  ;  Andrew,  1855; 
Emma,  1861 ;  George,  1866 ;  and  Wil- 
liam, 1869  ;  enlisted  Nov.  22,  1862,  in 
Co.  G,  6th  I.  C. ;  was  honorably  dis- 
charged May  28,  1865;  is  a  Democrat. 

Curtis  Preston  P.   farmer;  S.   11;  P.O. 

rxSZGl  GrrfiSQ 

DALGLEI'SH  ROBT.  farmer  ;  8.  18  ; 
P.  0.  Golden  Prairie. 

Danford   S.  farmer ;  S.  1 ;    P.  0.  Delhi. 

Devine  P.  farmer;  Sec.  23;  P.  0.  Hazel 
Green. 

Dickey  F.  B.  farmer;  S.  12;  P.  0.  Hazel 
Green. 

Dickey  F.  N.  merchant ,  Hazel  Green 

Dickey  G.  farmer  ;  Sec.  12  ;  P.  0.  Hazel 
Green. 

Dickey  John  G.  farmer  ;  Sec.  12  ;  P.  0. 
Hazel  Green. 

Dickey  Wm.  G.  farmer  ;  Sec.  12  ;  P.  0. 
Hazel  Green. 

Donahue  Theodore,  farmer;  Sec.  30;  P.  0. 
Nugent's  Grove. 

Drummy  John,  farmer ;  Sec.  19  ;  P.  O. 
Golden  Prairie. 

Drummy  Simon,  lab. ;  S.  29  ;  P.  0.  Man- 
chester. 

Drummy  Wm.  Sr.  farmer;  Sec.  29  ;  1 .  O. 
Manchester. 

Drummy  Wm.  F.  farmer  ;  Sec.  20  ;  P.  O. 
Manchester. 

DuUea  Dennis,  farmer ;  Sec.  26  ;  P.  O. 
Uniontown. 

DUNLAP  J.  B.  Farmer;  Sec.  3; 
P  0.  Hazel  Green  ;  owns  940  acres, 
valued  at  $20,000  ;  born  at  Derry  Co., 
Ireland,  April  18,  1833 ;  came  to  this 
county  in  1854  and  entered  a  quantity 
of  land  on  which   he  moved  in  1856 ; 


694 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY : 


married  Miss  C.  M.  Comstock  May 
26,  1860.  She  was  born  in  Washing- 
ton Co.,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  9,1833;  have 
eight  children  living  and  two  deceased 
—John  A.,  born  March  12,  1861  ;  Al- 
miraJ.,  Aug.  9,  1862,  died  Feb.  20, 
1863;  Thomas  J.,  Feb.  9,  1864,  died 
April  18,  1864 ;  Kobert  E.,  March  9, 
1865;  Ida,  Jan.  24,  1867;  Geo.  C, 
Dec.  26,  1868;  James,  June  4,  1871  ; 
Wm.  J.,  July  18,  1873;  Clara  M., 
Sept.  12,  1875,  and  David  L.,  Dec.  7, 
1877.  Mr.  D.  is  one  of  the  early 
settlers  of  this  township ;  has  sur- 
mounted the  trials  and  difficulties  inci- 
dent to  a  pioneer  life  and  now  owns  one 
of  the  finest  and  best  equipped  fai-ms  in 
this  part  of  the  county ;  is  a  Republi- 
can and  Reformed  Presbyterian. 

DrJfliAP  THOS.  B.  Farmer;  S. 
11;  P.  0.  Hazel  Green;  owns  220 
acres,  valued  at  $5,000 ;  born  in  Ire- 
land Oct.  10,  1839;  came  to  this  county 
in  1857 ;  married  Miss  Rose  Speers 
Oct.  15,  1867.  She  was  born  in  Ire- 
land Oct.  14,  1846.  They  have  three 
children— Alexander  E.,  born  Aug.  4, 
1868;  Elmira  J.,  Oct.  29,  1870;  and 
Robert  J.,  Oct.  7,  1873;  enlisted  Aug. 
22,  1862,  in  Co.  K,  21st  I.  V.  I.  ;  par- 
ticipated in  the  battles  of  Port  Gibson, 
Champion  Hills,  Black  River  Bridge, 
siege  of  Vicksburg,  Jackson,  capture  of 
Mobile,  and  was  honorably  discharged 
July  15,  1865  ;  is  a  Republican  and 
Protestant. 

Dunlap  Wm.  far. ;   S.  18  ;  P.  0.  Golden 

EAGAN  MICHAEL,  farmer ;  S.  36  ; 
P.  0.  Grove  Creek,  Jones  Co. 
Ellison  S.  far. ;  S.  36 ;  P.  0.  Uniontown. 

FIELDS  ALEXANDER  J.  laborer; 
S.  23;  P.  0.  Hazel  Green. 

Flanagan  Patrick,  far.;  S.  28;  P.  0. 
Golden  Prairie. 

-FlilNT  C.  li.  Farmer  and  Stock 
Raiser;  S.  11  ;  P.  0.  Hazel  Green; 
born  in  Schoharie  Co.,  N.  Y.,  July  31, 
1825.  Moved  from  Cooperstown,  Ot- 
sego Co.,  N.  Y.,  to  Hazel  Green,  Dela- 
ware Co.,  Iowa,  in  April,  1853 ;  has 
1,300  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $46,000. 
Republican  in  politics;  in  religion,  a 
supporter  of  churches  of  all  creeds ; 
has  been  Postmaster,  Justice  of  the 
Peace,  County  Supervisor,    Trustee  of 


the  Iowa  College  for  the  Blind ;  has 
found  in  an  experience  of  twelve  years, 
wiijh  a  dairy  of  forty-six  cows,  that 
dairying  pays,  notwithstanding  out-door 
laboie  be  purchased ;  that  sheep  pay 
well,  though  requiring  great  care,  having 
had  a  flock  varying  from  1,000  to  2,000 
for  ten  years ;  that  raising  horses  also 
pays,  having  dealt  largely  in  that  busi- 
ness. Was  married  March  13,  1849. 
Maiden  name  of  wife,  Calista  F.  Holt, 
born  May  12,  1830.  Name  of  children 
— Charles  L.,  born  June  1,  1854;  Hat- 
tie  J.,  born  Nov.  29,  1856;  Harry  W., 
born  Jan.  22,  1862;  Nellie  C,  born 
Nov.  22,  1865. 

FlilXT  CHAS.  I..  Farmer ;  Sec.  7  ; 
P-  O.  Golden  Prairie;'  born  in  this 
county  June  1,  1854 ;  married  Miss  M. 
E.  Coquillett  Dec.  2,  1874;  she  was 
born  in  McHenry  Co.,  111.,  April  19, 
1857  ;  has  two  children — Ethel  C.,born 
Sept.  14,  1875,  and  Clyde  L.,  Dec.  16, 
1877.  Is  a  Republican  and  a  Protestant. 

Flint  P.  P.  lab. ;  S.  11 ;  P.  0.  Hazel  Green. 

Fredrich  H.  far. ;  S.  11 ;  P.O.  Hazel  Green. 

GODARD  H.  R.  renter;  Sec.  13;  P. 
0.  Uniontown. 

GREEX  XBWTON,  Farmer  ;  Sec. 
24";  P.  0.  Hazel  Green ;  owns  155  acres, 
valued  at  $4,000 ;  born  in  Ripley  Co., 
Ind.,  March  5,  1835 ;  came  to  this 
county  in  1846 ;  married  Miss  America 
Smith  March  18,  1855  ;  she  was  born 
in  Hancock  Co.,  Ky.,  Aug.  13,  1835 ; 
has  four  children — Mary  E.,  born  Jan. 
24,  1857  ;  Eva,  Dec.  17, 1858  ;  Newton 
A.,  March  5,  1864 ;  Chas.  E.,  July  26, 
1874.  Principal  product,  corn  and  hay. 
Enlisted  Feb.  26,  1864,  in  Co.  K,  21st 
I.  V.  I. ;  was  at  the  capture  of  Mobile, 
and  honorably  discharged  at  Houston, 
Tex.,  August,  1865.  Is  a  Republican 
and  Free- Will  Baptist.  Mr.  G.  has  run 
a  threshing  machine  for  many  years,  and 
is  prepared  to  guarantee  satisfaction  to 
all  customers. 

Grover  Wm.  far.;  S.  32;  P.  0.   Grove 

OrTHRIE  THOMAS,  Farmer; 
Sec.  8  J  P.  0.  Golden  Prairie  ;  owns  200 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $5,000  ;  born  in 
Clarion  Co.,  Penn.,  Oct.  7,  1815  ;  came 
to  this  county  in  1856 ;  married  Miss 
Elizabeth  Lusk  June  20,  1838.  They 
have  six  children — Wm.  S.,  born  June 


HAZEL  GREEN  TOWNSHIP. 


695 


2,  1839,  and  served  in  the  1st  Cavalry 
during  the  war;  Albert  A.,  Jan.  15, 
,1841 ,  and  served  in  the  4th  Cavalry  • 
Thomas  L.,  June  24,  1843,  and  served 
in  Co.  K,  21st  I.  V.  I. ;  James  M.,  Feb 
26,  1845:  John  M.,  Nov.  15,  1847- 
Samuel  0.,  May  20,  1850,  and  Mary  0  ' 
Sept.  1 5,  1853,  and  died  Feb.  7,  1873  '■ 
is  a  Eepublican  and  Protestant.  Mrs.' 
G.  was  born  in  Piitsburgh,  Penn.  June 
7,  1819. 

GUTHRIE  WM.  S.  Farmer;  Sec. 
8 ;  P.  0.  Golden  Prairie ;  owns  325 
acres,  valued  at  $6,000  ;  born  in  West- 
moreland Co.,  Penn.,  June.  2,  1839  ; 
came  to  this  county  in  1856  ;  married 
Sarah  J.  Orr  April  8,  1869  ;  she  was 
born  in  Muskingum  Co.,  Ohio,  Nov.  26, 
1841 ;  have  three  children  living  and 
one  deceased — Thomas  A.,  born  Jan. 
14,  1870  ;  Edgar  E.,  Aug.  4,  1871,  died 
April  21,  1873;  Lizzie  L.,  April  29, 
1874,  and  Arthur,  Nov.  1,  1876 ;  en- 
listed Aug.  25,  1861,  in  Co.  L.,  1st  I. 
Cavalry,  and  served  till  Sept.  10,  1864, 
when  he  was  honorably  discharged ;  is  a 
Republican  and  Presbyterian  ;  Mrs.  G. 
is  a  member  of  the  Eeformed  Presby- 
terian Church. 

HAIGH  WM.  farmer ;  Sec.  20  ;  P.  0. 
Golden  Prairie. 
Harrington  Dennis,  farmer:  Sec.  13;  P. 

O.  Hazel  Green. 
Haynes  R.  W.  far.;  S.  4  ;  P.O.  Manchester. 
Heyderr  C.  lab.;  S.  11;  P.  0.  Hazel  Green. 
Hiokethier  Chas.  farmer ;  Sec.  17  ;  P.  0. 

Golden  Prairie. 
Hill  F.  far.;  Sec.  13;    P.   0.   Hopkinton. 
Hill  H. ;  Sec.  13;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 
Houston  C.  V.  farmer  ;    Sec.   36 ;    P.  0. 

Grove  Creek. 
Houston  J.  N.  farmer  ;    Sec.  36  ;    P.   0. 

Grove  Creek. 

Hugh  G.  far.;  Sec.  22;    P.  0.  Uniontown. 

TBEIiAlJD    JAMES,     Farmer; 

_L     Sec.  3  ;  P.  0.  Manchester  ;  owns  147 

acres  of  land,  valued  at  $4,000  ;  born 

in    England    May  23,  1837 ;    came   to 

this  county  in  1857  ;  married  Miss  Ade 

laide  Crosier  Dec.   19,'  1858;    she  was 

born  in  Ogle  Co..  Dl.,  April  15,  1841 ; 

have   two  children — Horace    M.,  born 

March  1,  1861,  and  Annie  L.  Jan.  27, 

1867.     Is  a  Republican  and    Free  Will 

Baptist.      Enlisted   in   1861,  in  Co.  I, 

2d  I.  V.  C,  and  participated   in  many 


battles  and  skirmishes  ;  was  honorably 
discharged  Oct.  3,  1864. 
ISBELL  CHAS.  M.  Far.;  Sec.  15; 
P.  0.  Hazel  Green  ;  owns  142i  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $3,500;  bom  in  Otsego, 
Co.,  N.  r.,  in  1841  ;  came  to  this 
county,  1873.  Married  Miss  Dillon 
Feb.  13.  1873;  she  was  born  in  this 
county  Dec.  16,  1840;  they  have  there 
children — Frances,  born  Nov.  24, 1873; 
Bessie,  Dec.  27,  1875 ;  and  Charles  T.[ 
Jan.  3,  1878;  enlisted  Sept.  5,1862, 
in  Co.  D.  8th  I.  V.  C. ;  participated  in 
forty-eight  consecutive  battles  ;  was 
wounded  at  Chantilly  Nov.  8,  1863, 
while  charging  on  a  Division  of  rebel 
infantry,  having  his  horse  shot  under 
him ;  only  missed  three  guard  duties 
while  in  the  service,  and  that  while  suf- 
fering with  wounds  from  which  he  is 
now  partially  dii-abled.     Eepublican. 

JAMES  CHAS.  laborer;  Sec.  8  ;  P.O. 
Golden  Prairie. 

KEEGAN  JAMES,  farmer ;  Sec.  30; 
P.  0.  Uniontown. 
Keith  J.  far.;  S.  15  ;  P.  0.  Golden  Prairie. 
Keegan  Thomas,  farmer ;  Sec.  29  ;    P.  0. 

Golden  Prairie. 
Keith  B.  far.;  S.  15  ;'  P.  0.  Golden  Prairie. 
Kellum  S.  far.;  S.  16 ;  P.O.  Golden  Prairie. 
Krieling  Baruhard,  farmer ;   Sec.  23;    P. 
0.  Uniontown. 

LACEY   MARK,  farmer;    Sec.   23; 
P.  0.  Uniontown. 

McBRIDE    JAMES,   farmer;    Sec. 
24  ;  P.  0.  Uniontown. 
McBride  W.  far. ;    Sec.  25  ;  P.  0.  Union- 
town. 
McCusker  Wm.  Jr.  far.;  S.  33  ;  P.O.  Golden 

Prairie. 
McCusker  Wm.  Sr.  far. ;  Sec.  34 ;  P.  0. 

Golden  Prairie. 
McDaniel  P.  far. ;  S.  1 ;  P.O.  Hazel  Green. 
McQuillan  J.  far.;  Sec.  34;  P.  0.  Grove 

Main  J.  lab. ;  S.  16 ;  P.O.  Golden  Prairie. 

MAlHifGOLiD  JACOB,  Farmer; 
Sec.  33 ;  P.  0.  Manchester ;  owns  440 
acres  in  Delaware  Co.,  valued  at  $11,- 
000,  and  160  acres  in  Linn  Co..  valued 
$3,500.  Born  in  Switzerland  Nov. 
11,  1832  ;  came  to  Southern  Illinois  in 
May,  1854 ;  came  to  this  county  in 
1855,  and  entered  the  homestead  on 
which  he  now  resides.  Married  Mis» 
Francisca  Marshall    March    23,  1866 ; 


696 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


she  was  born  in  Bavaria  May  4,  1848 ; 
came  to  this  country  in  1863  ;  they  have 
four  children — Caroline,  born  March  4, 
1869  ;  John  J.,  April  6,  1871  ;  Carl 
F.,  July  23,  1873,  and  Edward,  June 
25,  1876.  Mr.  M.  came  to  this  county 
with  limited  means,  but  by  persistent 
economy  and  perseverence,  he  now  ranks 
as  one  of  the  most  thrifty  farmers  of  this 
part  of  the  county.  Republican  and 
Protestant. 

MATTISON  SPENCER  E. 
Farming  and  Stock  Raising  ;  Sec.  13  ; 
P.  0.  Hazel  Green ;  owns  227 
a,cres,  valued  at  $7,000  ;  born  in  Pitts- 
field,  Vt.,  Aug.,  10,  1836  ;  came  to  this 
county  in  1 872  ;  married  Mary  a  Hugh- 
lett  July  18,  1861,  at  Galena,  111. ;  she 
was  born  in  Dubuque,  Aug.  27, 
1837  ;  have  six  children  living,  and  one 
deceased — Nellie  E.,  born  May  18, 
1862,  died  Sept.  21,  1869 ;  Samuel  H., 
Sept.  30,  1863;  Olin  T.,  March  26, 
1866 ;  Spencer  E.,  Nov.  20,  1867  ; 
Bessie  A.,  Feb.  17,  1870;  John  E., 
Oct.  4,  1873,  and  Gertrude,  Jan.  21, 
1876  ;  is  in  politics.  Independent,  and 
religion  Protestant. 

MEBRIAm  GUSTAVUS,  Farm- 
er ;  Sec.  26  ;  P.  0.  Uniontown  ;  owns 
174  acres,  worth  $4,500  ;  born  in  Wor- 
cester Co.,  Mass.,  Aug.  4,  1830;  came 
to  this  county  in  1855  ;  married  Fi- 
delia M.  Gregory  in  1851,  who  died  in 
1858  ;  married  Emily  A.  Somes  Oct. 
16, 1860,  who  was  born  in  Jefferson  Co., 
N.Y.,  Aug.  19,1831;  he  has  by  the  first 
marriage  two  daughters — Clara  M.,  now 
Mrs.  Hogland,  born  Feb.,  1852  ;  Mary 
S.,  now  Mrs.  Dodge,  born  May,  1855  ; 
two  boys  by  the  last  marriage — Louis  P., 
born  July  31,  1868;  Freddie,  born 
April,  1863,  died  Sept.  23,  1865. 

MIDKIFF  PRESTON,  Farmer  ; 
Sec.  2  ;  P.  0.  Hazel  Green ;  owns  175 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $4,300  ;  born  in 
Kanawha  Co.,  Va.,  Aug.  31,  1836  ; 
came  to  this  county  in  1853  ;  married 
Miss  Roxanna  Dairy  mple  July  8,  1855; 
she  was  born  in  Shelby  Co.,  Ohio,  Aug. 
31,1838.  On  July  16,  1855,  Mr.  M. 
started  with  his  bride  of  only  a  week,  to 
seek  a  new  home  in  Kansas ;  arriving 
in  Union  Co.,  Iowa,  the  news  of  Lane's 
depredations  in   Kansas   reached   their 

>   ears,  and  they  thought  it  prudent  to  re- 


,  main  where  they  were  till  the  trouble 
had  subsided  ;  they  remained  there  till 
1857,  where  an  infant  was  born,  which 
they  named  James,  but  only  lived  a  few 
months;  they  then  went  to  Cass  Co., 
Neb.,  and  remained  till  1859,  when  they 
returned  to  Union  Co.,  Iowa,  and  from 
there  to  Clarke  Co.  in  1862,  and  to  this 
county  in  1863,  wjiere  they  have  since 
resided  ;  they  have  three  children  living 
— John  L.,  born  in  Neb.,  Sept.  27, 
1857  ;  Nancy  D.,  born  in  Clarke  Co., 
Iowa,  Oct.  4,  1862,  and  Geo.  T.,  born 
in  this  township  March  16,  1868;  Mr. 
M.  enlisted  Oct.  12,  1864,  in  Co.  K, 
21st  la.  V.  I.,  and  was  honorably  dis- 
charged at  Houston,  Texas,  Aug,  15, 
1865  ;  is  a  Republican   and  Protestant. 

Miller  B.  P.  far.;  S:  24  ;  P.  0.  Uniontown. 

Miller  W.  B.  far.;  S.IO  ;  P.O.  Hazel  Green. 

9IOORE  R.  W.  Far.;  S.  29  ;  P.  0. 
Hopkinton ;  born  in  Guernsey  Co.,  0., 
June  30,  1830  ;  came  to  the  county  in 
Nov.,  1856 ;  married  Miss  Sarah  L. 
Scarbrough  April  15,  1858;  she  was 
born  in  same  county,  June  24,  1836 ; 
have  four  children  living — Margaret  M., 
born  Feb.  8,  1859  ;  Nancy  R.,  Jan.  1, 
1862  ;  Myra  E.,  Oct.  6,  1864  ;  Lyman 
C,  Feb.  1,  1869,  died  Feb.  17  of  same 
year,  and  James  H.,  born  June  20, 1871; 
Democrat  and  local  minister  of  the 
United  Brethren  Church. 

Morgan  Franklin  B. 

Morgan  Joseph,  far.;  S.  14;  P.  0.  Hazel 
Green. 

Moulton  A.  W.  far.;  S.  10  ;  P.  0.  Hazel 
Green. 

O'KANE  DANIEL,  far.;  S.  35 ;  P.  0. 
Hazel  Green. 
OAKMAN    WM.   C.   Farmer;    S. 
24 ;  P.  0.   Hopkinton ;    owns   seventy 
acres,  valued  at  $2,250  ;  born  in  Frank- 
lin Co.,  Mass.,  June  11,  1836 ;  came  to 
this  county    in    1868 ;    married    Miss 
Elmira  S.  Belding  in  March,  1857  ;  she 
was  born  in  Cheshire  Co.,  N.H.,  Dec.  7, 
1835  ;  Independent  in   politics  and  re- 
ligion. 
PARTRIDGE  J.  W.  farmer ;  Sec.  9  ; 
P.  0.  Golden  Prairie. 
Patton  Samuel,  far. ;  Sec.  30  ;  P.  0.  Nu- 

gent's  Grove,  Linn  Co. 
PERIiEY  MOSES,  Physician  and 
Farmer;  Sec.  12  ;  P.  0.  Hazel  Green; 
owns  300  acres,  valued  at  $7,500  ;  bom 


HAZEL  GREEN  TOWNSHIP. 


far.  ;  S.   13 ;   P.   0.  Union- 


S.  33 ;  P.  0.  Hazel 


in  Berlin,  Washington  Co.,  Vt.,  May  2, 
■1805  ;  came  to  this  county  in  1874  • 
married  Miss  Louisa  Childs  Sept.  ll' 
1833,  who  died  March  18,  1865  ;  has 
by  that  marriage  one  son— Chauncey  C 
born  Oct.  16,  1841 ;  married  Mrs.  Mary 
A.  Heath  Aug.  11,  1865;  they  have 
one  son— Proctor,  born  May  2,  1869 ; 
Independent  in  politics  and  religion 

Pierce  Henry,  lab. ;  Sec.  11  j  P.  0.  Hazel 
Green. 

Pierce  J.  H. 
town. 

Pumpeary  John,  far. 
Green. 

RICHARDSON  AMOS, far. ;  Sec.  36  ; 
P.  0.  Uniontown. 
Richardson  H.   A.  lab. ;  Sec.  36  ;  P.   0. 

Uniontown. 
Riley  E.  farmer;    Sec.   33;   P.  0.  Man- 

SHEPPARD    JAMES,   farmer;  Sec. 
1  ;  P.  0.  Hazel  Green. 

Sheppard  Jas.  renter  ;  S.  22  ;  P.  0.  Hazel 
Green. 

Sheppard  J.  laborer;  S.  11  ;  P.  0.  Hazel 
Green. 

Sheppard  Johnson,  lab ;  Sec.  11;  P.  0. 
Hazel  Green. 

ISHEPPABD  JOSEPH,  Farmer; 
Sec.  17 ;  P.  O.  Golden  Prairie  ;  born  in 
Maryland  March  9,  1820;  came  to 
this  county  in  1854 ;  married  Mary 
Lyon  a  native  of  Ohio,  in  1851 ;  their 
children  are  Johnson,  Michael,  Mary, 
Margaret  E.,  Amos,  Richard;  George, 
David  and  Joseph.  Is  Protestant  and 
Democrat. 

Sheppard  M.  far.  ;  S.  1 ;  P.  0.  Hazel 
Green. 

Sheppard   M.   lab.  ; 
Green. 

Shinn    H.    far. ;  S. 
Prairie. 

Speers  J.  far.  ;  S.  14 ;  P.  0.  Hazel  Green. 

ISQIJIBES  JAMES  H,  Farmer; 
Sec.  23  ;  P.  O.  Hazel  Green ;  owns  107  J 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $2,500  ;  born  in 
Cortland  Co.,  N.  Y.  in  1842.  Came  to 
this  county  in  1852.  Married  Miss 
Mary  A.  Bverhart  in  Monticello,  Jones 
Co.,  Iowa,  January  31,  1866;  she  was 
born  in  Jlercer  Co.,  Pa.,  Jan.  31,  1848. 
They  have  two  children — Edwiq  E., 
born  Aug.  29,  1867,  and  Edith  Maud, 
March  28,  1870.  Rep. ;  Cong. 


697 


S.    11;  P.   0.  Hazel 
21;  P.    O.    Golden 


SQUIRES  S.  S.  Farmer;  Sec.  23' 
P.  0.  Hazel  Green;  owns  495  acres 
valued  at  $12,000;  born  in  Cortland 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  May  23,  1833;  came  to  this 
county  in  1852;  married  Sarah  J.  Whit- 
comb  in  1858.  Their  children  are 
Dora  L.,  Bertha,  Willard,  Angie,  Jennie 
and  Frankie  M.  Mr.  S.'s  mother  was 
born  in  1807,  and  is  still  living  with 
her  children.  His  father  was  born  in 
1809,  and  died  July  7, 1865  ;  they  were 
married  in  1832.  Mr.  S.  is  a  Repub- 
lican and  Protestant. 

SQUIRES  THOS.  J.  Farmer  :  Sec. 
23;  P.  0.  Hazel  Green;  owns  108^ 
acres,  valued  at  $2,640  ;  born  in  Cort- 
land Co.,  N.  Y.,  May  8,  1846 ;  came  to 
Jones  Co.,  Iowa,  in  1851,  and  to  this 
county  in  1852  ;  went  back  to  Jones 
Co.  in  1853,  where  he  remained  till 
1867,  when  he  again  returned  to  this 
county,  where  he  has  since  resided. 
Married  Miss  Ruth  Orr  July  3,  1873  ; 
she  was  born  in  Muskingum  Co.,  Ohio, 
March  19,  1836.  They  have  two  chil- 
dren— Myrtie  Luella,  born  May  27, 
1874,  and  Richard  C.  Wiley,  Sept.  16, 
1876.  Is  a  Republican  and  Reformed 
Presbyterian. 

STIIiLrWILL  CHAS.  H.  Farmer; 
Sec.  10 ;  P.  0.  Golden  Prairie ;  owns 
160  acres,  valued  at  $4,000  ;  born  in 
Elba,  Genesee  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  7, 1843; 
came  to  this  county  in  1865.  Married 
Miss  Marion  Kirkwood  Feb.  11,  1868; 
she  was  born  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  Nov. 
21,  1844.  They  have  four  children- 
Aggie  May,  born  Nov.  25, 1868  ;  Hiram 
R.,  Aug.  23,  1872  ;  Charles  M.,  Nov.  8, 
1874;  Hayes  K.,  Dec.  17, 187H.  Prin- 
cipal product  of  farm  is  corn,  oats  and 
bay. 

SUIililVAlV  CORISELIUS, 
Farmer ;  Sec.  20  ;  P.  0.  Golden  Prai- 
rie ;  owns  160  acres,  valued  at  $4,000 ; 
born  in  County  Cork,  Ireland,  in  1832  ; 
came  to  Boston  in  1851,  and  to  Cattar 
raugus  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1853,  where  he 
married  Miss  Margaret  0.  Hern  Sept. 
2d  of  the  same  year ;  she  was  born  in 
Cork  Co.,  Ireland,  in  1834;  they  have 
eleven  children — Timothy,  born  in  Cat- 
taraugus Co.,  N.  Y.,  June  1854 ;  Mary 
E.,  in  Elmira,  N.  Y.,  April  29,  1856 ; 
Jeremiah,  in  Bradford  Co.,  Penn.,  Oct. 
23,  1859  ;  Michael,  in  same  place,  -Dec. 


698 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


23,  1861 ;  Cornelius,  born  in  Lycoming 
Co.,  Penn.,  Jan.  20,  1863  ;  Hannah  M., 
in  the  same  place  Feb.  28,  1 865  ;  Dan- 
iel, in  Bradford  Co.,  Penn.,  Aug.  14, 
1867  ;  John  P.,  born  in  same  place,  Feb. 
2,  1869;  Wm.  H.,  June  20,  1871; 
Julia  A.  A.  Sept.  23,  1873,  and  Thom- 
as, June  22,  1877  ;  the  last  three  were 
born  in  this  township.  Mr.  S.  has 
raised  a  nephew,  Michael  W.,  son  of 
Daniel  Sullivan  ;  he  was  born  in  Lycom- 
ing Co.,  Penn.,  Aug.  17,  1864;  his 
father  died  April  2,  1865,  of  small  pox, 
aged  28  years ;  his  mother  died  March 
5,  1869. 

Summers  Martin,  far. ;  S.  27  ;  P.  0.  Gold- 
en Prairie. 
TALMADGE  GEO.    renter;    P.    0. 
Hopkinton. 

TAYIiOR  C.  li.  Farmer;  Sec.  6  ;  P. 
0.  Manchester;  owns  185  acres,  valued 
at  .15,500  ;  born  in  Grafton  Co.,  N.  H., 
May  3,  1845 ;  came  to  this  county  in 
1866 ;  married  Mrs.  Lucinda  Wilson, 
daughter  of  Thomas  and  Lavinia  Mc- 
Call,  Sept.  17,  1868  ;  she  was  born  in 
Clarion  Co.,  Penn.,  June  27,  1845,  and 
died  Nov.  8, 1872,  in  this  township  ;  has 
one  son — Leon  Hanson,  born  March  26, 
1870 ;  dairying  and  hogs  are  the  chief 
product  of  the  farm. 

TAYIiOR  HIRAM  K.  Farmer; 
Sec.  6. ;  P.  0.  Manchester ;  owns  135 
acres,  valued  at  $4,000  ;  born  in  Grafton 
Co.,  N.  H.,  May  11,  1841,  came  to  this 
county  in  1866  ;  married  Julia  S.  Brit- 
ton  Oct.  25.  1873,  who  was  born  in 
Rutland  Co..  Vt.,  April  5, 1851 ;  corn  is 
the  principal  product  of  his  farm  ;  is  a 
Republican  and  Protestant. 

TAYIiOR  R.  li.  Farmer,  Inventor 
and  Manufacturer  ;  born  in  West  Wind- 
sor, Vt.,  Feb.  7,  1829  ;  married  to  Miss 
Charlotte  M.  Mitchell  March  25, 1857, 
who  was  born  at  Leompster,  N.  H., 
July  15,  1833,  but  inostly  raised  in 
Weathersfield,  Vt.  She  died  at  Hop- 
kinton, Iowa,  Jan  11,  1866,  leaving 
him  two  daughters  living — Charlotte 
Minerva,  bom  at  New  Oregon,  Iowa, 
Sept.  7, 1858,  and  Edith  Grace,  born  at 
Hopkinton,  Iowa,  Oct.  4,  1864;  having 
previously  lost  one  daughter  and  one 
son  ;  he  was  married  the  second  time  to 
Mrs.  Carrie  R.  Atwood,  April  2,  1867, 
who  was  born  at  Westminster,  Vt.,  Dec. 


12,  1839.     He  moved  with  his  family 
to  Hopkinton,  Delaware  Co.,  Iowa,  in 
Sept.  1860,  where  he  kept  a  store  and 
post  oflSce  for  several  years.    His  health 
failing,  he  sold  his  store  and  enclosed,  in 
common  with  others,  his  farm  where  he 
now  resides,  on  Section  5,  Hazel  Green 
Township,  in  this  county,  then  compar- 
atively a  mere  speck  as  compared  with 
the  extensive  wild,  almost  unbroken  and 
sparsely  settled  prairie,  in  the  Spring  of 
1866.     To  save  expense,  he  conceived 
the  idea  of  fencing  in  one  enclosure  a 
strip  of  land  one  mile  wide  by  two  miles 
long,  save  forty  acres,  which  he  accom- 
plished by  inducing  other  owners  to  join 
in  the  enterprise,  which,  although  it  cost 
him  a  large  eiFort,  richly  repaid  him  by 
bringing  his  farm,  then  of  about  320 
acres,  into   the  enclosure   thus  formed 
(the  renot  being  fenced  previously,  of  the 
full  amount,  only  about  170  acres  in  the 
almost  two  square  miles),  this  enclosed 
with  a  single  line  of  fence  about  240 
rods  in  length,  being  one  side  of  his 
farm.     The  surrounding   prairies  were 
fenced  and  improved  as  by  magic,  and 
in  a  very  few  years  were  all  fenced  and 
dotted  with  buildings  and  groves.     He 
commenced  the  building  of  wire  fence 
when  it  was  looked  upon  with  distrust 
and  considered  a  failure  generally.     He 
discovered   the   supposed  failure  to  bo 
want  of  building  it  properly  and  keep- 
ing the  wires  tight.     The   latter  diffi- 
culty he   successfully  overcame  by  in- 
venting  the   famous  Taylor   Stretcher, 
which  is  now   extensively  used  and  has 
a  wide-spread  reputation  of  being  the 
best  in  use,  and  so  cheap  that  farmers 
cannot  afford  to  do  without  it.     He  has 
also  invented  a  wire  splicer  and  pincers 
for  connecting  wires  which  make  a  per- 
fect splice   that  cannot   break,   besides 
saving  much  time  and  wire  and  is  con- 
sidered almost  indispensable  in  building 
and  repairing  wire  fences.     The   Taylor 
Harrow   is   also  his  invention.        It  is 
extensively   introduced,  and,  by  the  re- 
ports of  the  best  farmers,  it  has  become 
established  as  the  best  and  most  practi- 
cable harrow  in  the  Great  West. 
Thomas  Henry,  far.  ;  S.  10  ;  P.  0.  Hazel 

Green. 
Thomas  A.  S.  lab. ;  S.  15  ;   P.  0.  Golden 
Prairie. 


HAZEL   GREEN  TOWNSHIP. 


699 


Thomas  Hurbert,   laborer ;  S.   17  ;  P.  0. 

Golden  Prairie. 
THOMAS  J.  A.  Farming  and  Stock 
Raising;  S.  16;  P.  0.  Golden  Prairie 
owQS  825  acres,  valued  at  $25,000 
born  in  Connecticut  Aug.  18,  1827 
came  to  this  county  in  1862.  He 
spent  his  boyhood  with  his  uncle,  J.  H. 
Benedict,  in  Otsego  Co.,  N.  Y.  As  a 
school  boy,  was  never  caught  alone 
pouring  over  his  books.  His  time, 
when  not  at  work,  was  mostly  devoted  to 
breaking  steers  and  colts,  making  calf 
yokes,  sleds,  etc.  When  12  years  old, 
he  had  four  bright  red,  2-year  old  steers, 
with  brass  buttons  on  their  horns, 
trained  so  nicely  that  he  drove  them 
without  a  yoke  about  the  county  fair 
grounds ;  they  would  mind  the  motion 
of  the  whip,  he  being  parched  upon  the 
head  of  an  old  ox  whose  weight  was 
nearly  2,000  pounds.  He  thinks  now 
if  farmers'  boys  would  get  more  educa- 
tion in  the  barnyard,  there  would  be 
fewer  farmers  who  would  say  their  lives 
were  failures  financially.  He  went  to 
California,  in  1849,  by  way  of  Cape 
Horn ;  was  gone  five  years.  Married 
Miss  Almira  Flint  Nov.  1,  1856.  She 
was  born  in  Montgomery  Co.,  N.  Y., 
Jan.  24,  1836 ;  is  a  member  of  the 
Congregational  Church.  Came  to  this 
county  in  the  Spring  of  1862  with  950 
sheep ;  drove  them  to  this  State  from 
Michigan  the  year  before.  This  was 
the  largest  flock,  except  one,  in  Iowa,  at 
the  time  ;  kept!  them  seven  years.  The 
enterprise  was  a  success,  the  profits 
purchasing  100  acres  of  land  each 
year. 

Thomas  Wm.  far. ;  S.  15  ;  P.  0.  Golden 
Prairie. 

Tinkham  Chas.  far. ;  S.  5  ;  P.  0.  Golden 
Prairie. 

Tinkham    Clarence,    far.;    S.    5 ;  P.    0. 
Golden  Prairie. 

TTTIiEY  G.  H.  Farmer;  Sec.  16; 
K_J  P.  O.  Golden  Prairie;  born  in 
Erie  Co.,  Ohio,  Jan.  5,  1851  ;  came  to 
this  county  in  1868.  Married  Lora 
Cleveland  Jan.  1,  1874  ;  she  was  born 
in  Illinois  Jan.  11,  1851  ;  they  have 
one  son — Harry,  born  Jan.  4,  1875.  Is 
a  Republican. 

WAGBY   F.  W.  laborer ;    Sec.  34 ; 
P.  0.  Manchester. 


WAIiKUP  OTIS  B.  Farmer ;  Sec. 
18;  P.O.Manchester;  owns  116  acres, 
valued  at  $3,500  ;  born  in  Franklin 
Co.,  Mass.,  Aug.  27,  1827.  Married 
Miss  Aurilla  Spaulding  Sept.  18,  1851, 
in  Vermont ;  she  was  born  in  Cheshire 
Co.,  N.  H.,  March  17, 1828,  they  moved 
to  this  county  in  1 867  ;  have  five  chil- 
dren— Maria  A.,  born  Jan.  17,  1853  ; 
George  0.,  April  22, 1858 ;  Charles  W., 
July  27, 1860  ;  Hoyt.  L.  June  9, 1864, 
and  Jennie  E.,  Aug.  11,  1867.  Is  a 
Republican  and  Protestant.  Came  to 
Iowa,  Jones  Co.,  April,  1856 ;  moved 
to  Delaware  Co.,  March,  1867. 

Warrell  J.  farmer;  S.  22;  P.  0.  Hazel 
Green. 

WAUGH  DAVID,  Farmer;  Sec. 
3;  P.  0.  Hazel  Green  ;  owns  280  acres, 
valued  at  $8,500  ;  principal  product, 
oats,  corn  and  wheat ;  born  in  Ireland 
December,  1824  ;  came  to  this  county 
in  1867,  married  Miss  Mary  E.  Van 
Duzer  Dec.  30,  1852;  she  was  born  in 
Schuyler  Co.,  N.Y.,  Feb.  3, 1832  ;  have 
three  children — James  M.,born  Oct.  13, 
1853  ;  Wm.  0.,  Nov.  18,  1855,  died 
Aug.  29,  1863  ;  George  W.,  born  Oct. 
16,  1857;  Robert  E.,  Oct.  3,  1859, 
died  August  15, 1861,  and  Nannie  E., 
born  March  27,  1866.  Is,  in  religion, 
a  Presbyterian,  and  in  politics,  Inde- 
pendent. V 

West  Thomas,  lab.;  S.  10  ;  P.  0.  Hazel 
Green. 

WILSON  IRVIN,  Parmer;  S.  25; 
P.  0.  Uniontown;  owns  300  acres, 
valued  at  $7,500 ;  born  in  Ireland  Jan. 
1,  1830  ;  came  to  this  county  in  1861 ; 
principal  product  of  farm,  stock  and 
grain;  married  Rhoda  S.  Weatherby 
August,  1871,  who  died  Feb.  24, 1876 ; 
has  one  child  living  and  one  deceased — 
Rhoda  S.,  born  Oct.  27, 1872,  died  May 
24,1877  ;  Irvin  T.,  bom  Nov.  27,  1874 ; 
is  a  Republican  and  Methodist. 

WIIiSON  JAMES,  Farmer;  S. 
29  ;  P.  0.  Golden  Prairie ;  owns  eighty- 
five  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $2,500 ; 
born  in  Haddingtonshire,  Scotland,  April 
5,  1820  ;  came  to  this  county  in  1854  ; 
married  Miss  Helen  Bruce  in  1860  ;  she 
was  born  in  Galashiels,Scotland,  in  1831 ; 
They  have  one  daughter— Melissa,  born 
May  17,  1861 ;  is  a  Republican  and 
Protestant. 


700 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY  : 


Wilson  Matthew,  lab.;  S.  25  ;  P.  0.  Union- 
tow  d. 

Wilson  Thomas,  far.,  S.  26  ;  P.  0.  Union- 
town. 

Winnard  Thomas,  far.;  S.  2  ;  P.  0.  Hazel 
Green. 

Woodward  H.  W.  far. ;  S.  21  ;  P.O.  Gold- 
en Prairie. 

YOUNIE  L.  JK.  far. ;  S.  29   ;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 

YOlTlHrrE  LEWIS,  Farmer;  Sec. 
29  ;  P.  0.  Manchester.  Owns  160  acres 
valued    at    |4,000 ;    born   in    Scotland 


Dec,  1815  ;  came  to  America  in  1830, 
and  to  this  county  in  1861.  Married 
Miss  Jane  Maxwell  Oct.  14,  184Y ;  she 
was  born  in  Scotland  Feb.  28,  1828. 
Have  ten  children  living — John  W., 
born  July  15,  1849  ;  Ellen,  Jan.  16, 
1851  ;  Jeiinette,  Oct.  24,  1852  ;  Will- 
iam, Feb.  5,  1854 ;  Lewis,  Nov.  20, 
1855  ;  Ann,  Oct.  4,  1857  ;  Alexander, 
July  26,  1859  ;  James,  Oct.  26,  1861  ; 
David,  Dee.  25,  1863  ;  Richard,  Nov. 
6,  1865 ;  is  a  Democrat  and  Protest- 
ant. 


PRAIRIE    TOWNSHIP. 


ALLIN  CHARLES,  farmer ;  Sec.  5 ; 
P.  0.  Manchester. 
Anderson  Christopher,  far. ;  S.  31  ;  P.   0. 

Manchester. 
Annis  A.  J.  far. ;    P.  0.  Manchester. 
Annis  G.  tar. ;    S:  15  ;   P.  0.  Manchester. 
Annis  John  D.   far. ;   P.    0.   Manchester. 
Annis  T.  J.    far.;    S.  12;    P.   0.  Man- 

BALLARD  WILLIAM,  Sec.  16  ;  P. 
0.  Manchester. 

Barlholf  Alfred^  far. ;  Sec.  6  ;  P.  0.  Man- 
chester. 

Barlholf  Summer,  far.;  S.  6;  P.  O.  Ma- 
sonville. 

Barr  A.  W.  far. ;  S.  24 ;  P.  0.  Barryville. 

Barr  A.  far.;   8.  24;  P.   0.    Barryville. 

Barr  John,  far.  ;  S.  24  ;  P.  O.  Barryville. 

Barr  M.  far. ;  S.  24  ;  P.  0.  Barryville. 

Barr  R.  far.  ;  S.  24 ;  P.  0.  Barryville. 

Barrey  Charles  C.  far. ;  Sec.  35 ;  P.  0. 
Barryville. 

BARRY  JOHN  S.  Parmer  ;  P.  0. 
Barryville  ;  born  in  Franklin  Co.,  Mass., 
Dec.  23.  1827  ;  graduated  at  Williams 
College  in  1853  ;  married  Pamelia  M. 
Brown,  of  same  county,  March  10, 1852. 
She  was  born  Sept.  27,  1827.  Mr.  Barry 
taught  in  the  Union  schools  of  Saratoga 
Springs  two  years  after  graduating  ;  emi- 
grated to  Iowa,  arriving  in  April,  1856, 
arid  settled  where  he  now  lives,  and  has 
780  acres  of  land  and  is  a  large  stock 
dealer ;  was  appointed  Postmaster,  and 
established  the  Barryville  postoflGice  in 
1857,  and  still  holds  the  same  ;  they 
have  had  three  children — John  S.,  Jr., 


born  July  21,  1843  ;  Chas.  C,  Jan.  19. 
1856;  Mattie  P.,  July  29,  1858.  John 
S.,  Jr.  died  Dec.  17,  1877. 

Beal  Orin,  laborer  ;  Masonville. 

BOARD  WAY  PETER,  Farmer- 
Sec.  15;  P.  0.  Manchester;  born  in 
Collins,  Erie  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  6,  1842 ; 
enlisted  in  Co.,  A.  64th  N.  Y.  V.  as 
private  ;  was  promoted  to  Corporal,  Ser- 
geant, Commissary  Sergeant,  First  Lieu- 
tenant, and  finally  Captain  ;  was  in  the 
following  battles — Fair  Oaks,  Antietam, 
Fredricksburg,  Chancellorsville,  Sucker 
Gap,  Thoroughfare  Gap,  Gettysburgh, 
Coal  Harbor,  Centerville,  Wilderness, 
Spotsylvania,  advance  on  Petersburg 
and  all  the  movements  of  the  Second 
Army  Corps  up  to  Gen.  Lee's  surrender  •, 
married  Mary  Lallman,  March  3,  1867, 
of  Erie  Co.,  N.  Y.,and  emigrated  to  this 
town  in  September,  1867 ;  they  have 
one  child — Maggie  A.  ;  has  eighty  acres 
of  land. 

BRITTON  BEXJAMUr  B. 
Farmer ;  Sec.  7  ;  P.  0.  Masonville ; 
born  in  Springfield,  Windsor  Co.,  Vt., 
March  27,  1810;  moved  with  his  par- 
ents to  Rutland  Co.,  Vt.,  in  1827; 
married  Louise  Burton  May  14,  1836. 
She  was  born  in  Andover,  Vt.,  Aug. 
15,  1815 ;  they  have  had  eight  chil- 
dren— Lewis  B.,  Henry,  Leroy  A.,  War- 
ren, L.  Floridon  Julie  8.,  Warren  B. 
and  AltieL.  Lewis  B.,  Henry,  Leroy  A., 
Warren  B.  and  L.  Floridon,  have  died. 
Leroy  A.  enlisted  in  Co.  H,  10th  Regt. 
Vt.  I.,  and  died  at  Rockville,  Maryland, 


PRAIRIE  TOWNSHIP. 


roi 


of  pneumonia,  Dec.  lY,  1862.  Mr.  Brit- 
tou  was  a  member  of  the  Vermont  Legis- 
lature four  years  and  a  member  of  the 
Constitutional  Convention  once ;  emi- 
grated to  this  town  in  the  Sprine  of 
1869. 

Britton  W.  B.  ;  P.  0.  Masonville. 

Buck  John,  lab. ;    Manchester. 

Burtance  Chas.  H.  far.  ;  Sec.  10  ;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 

CARRADUS  DAVID,  farmer;     Sec. 
29  ;    P.  0.  BarryviUe. 
Creamer  C.  E.  lab. ;    S.  29  ;    P.  0.  Man- 
chester. 
Creamer  Joseph,  far.  ;   S.  29  ;  P.  0.  Man- 
chester. 
CoUard  S.  far.  ;    S.  15  ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 
Carothers    C.    W.     far;    S.    32;     P.    0. 
Barryville. 

DANIEL  THOMAS,  farmer  ;  Sec.  10 ; 
P.  0.  Manchester. 

Davis  AUe. 

Dodge  J.  P.  far. ;  S.  3 ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Drury  A.  H.  far. ;  S.  2  ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

DTREY  AliFRED,  Deceased; 
born  in  Kent  Co.,  England,  Sept.  4, 
1830  ;  emigrated  to  the  State  of  New 
York  in  1850  ;  married  Mary  Hicks, 
who  had  just  arrived  from  his  native 
country,  the  14lh  of  June,  1852.  Came 
to  Illinois  and  then  to  this  county,  in 
the  Spring  of  1856.  Have  had  eleven 
children,  nine  still  living,  viz. :  Emma 
A.,  Albert  H.,  Wm.  A.,  Mary  J.,  Fred- 
erick L.,  Charles  P.,  Elmer  E.,  Greorge 
C,  Libbie  P.,  Mattie  M.,  John  A. 
Charles  F.  died  when  8  months  old, 
and  Elmer  died  when  4  years  and  6 
months.  Mr.  Durey  died  Feb.  2, 1877 ; 
was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  the  town, 
and  his  son  Wm.  A.  was  the  first  one  to 
vote  that  was  born  within  this  township. 
The  estate  has  340  acres  of  land,  valued 
at  $10,000. 

Durey  F.  far. ;  Sec.  1 ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Dugan  J.  far. ;  Sec.  35 ;  P.  O.  Barryville. 

Durey  W.  A.  farmre;  S.  2;  P.  0.  Man- 
chester. 

Tj-^ECKERY  HENRY,  laborer ;  P.  0. 
ji       Manchester. 

Fox  D.  K.  far. ;  Sec.  1  ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Fox  H.  C.  far. ;  Sec.  1  ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Freles  Daniel  K.  carpenter;  Sec.  29  ;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 

G><  ARDNER  HENRY,  farmer;  S.  6  ; 
y     p.  0.  Masonville. 


Gardner  W.  S.  far. ;  S.  6  ;  P.  0.  Mason- 
ville. 

GenneuU  Geo.  E.  far.;  S.  8;  P.  0.  Mason- 
ville. 

Grant  Chas.  G.  renter  ;  S.  2 ;  P.  0.  Man- 
chester. 

Grant  Geo.  W.  rtr. ;  S.  23  ;  P.  0.  Man- 
chester. 

HASSY  MICHAEL  G.  farmer ;  S.  23 ; 
P.  0.  Manchester. 

HEAL.Y  PATRICK,  Parmer  ;  8. 
,29  ;  P.  0.  Manchester  ;  born  in  Ireland 
in  1798  ;  emigrated  from  Connaught  to 
America,  landing  in  New  York  in  1828 ; 
lived  in  Connecticut  until  1857,  when 
he  came  to  this  county  and  town.  Has 
three  children  living,  and  have  lost 
seven.  Name  of  those  living — Thomas 
H.,  Bridget  and  Margaret.     One  son 

'  enlisted  in  the  late  war,  and  was  killed 
at  the  battle  of  luka.  Has  eighty  acres  of 
land. 

Healy  Thomas,  lab. ;  Manchester. 

Hellier  John,  far. ;  S.  2  ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

HIIiLIER  THOMAS,  Farmer; 
S.  2;  P.  0.  Manchester;  born  in  Devon- 
shire, Eng.,  Jan.,  1822  ;  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1852,  and  stopped  in 
Illinois  four  years,  then  came  to  this 
county,  on  the  land  he  now  owns,  in 
1857,  and  built  his  house,  which  has 
ever  been  open  for  religious  meetings 
and  Sunday  schools.  Married  his  first 
wife  while  in  England,  whose  name  was 
Ann  Dadds,  in  1846;  she  died  in 
1850 ;  had  one  son— John.  In  the 
Fall  of  1855,  Mr.  Hillier  married  the 
widow  Anna  May,  whose  maiden  name 
was  Rice,  who  married  James  King, 
and  after  his  death  married  Ezra  May, 
who  also  died,  leaving  her  the  Widow 
May.  She  was  a  native  of  Rome, 
Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y. 

Hines  Jas.  far. ;  S.  28  ;  P.  0.  Barryville. 

Hines  T.,  Sr.,  far.;  S.  28  ;  P.O.  Barryville. 

JOHNSON  JOHN,  renter;  P.  0.  Bar- 
ryville. 
Joslyn  R.  W.  laborer. 

KEISER  HENRY,  farmer  ;  Sec.  15  ; 
P.  0.  Manchester. 
Keiser  J.  far.;  Sec.  15  ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 
Kelley  John,  Sr.  farmer;  Sec.  19;  P.  0. 

Masonville. 
Kelley  Peter,  laborer  ;    P.  0.  Masonville. 
Kennedy  David,  farmer ;  Sec.  34  ;    P.  0. 
Manchester. 


702 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


Kramer  J.  far.;    S.  29  ;  P.  0.  Barrjville. 

LAWRENCE  N.  W.  farmer  ;  Sec.  3  ; 
P.  0   Manchester. 
Libby  Charles  A.  farmer  ;  Sec.  10  ;  P.  0. 

Manchester. 
Lightfoot  A.  L.  renter  ;   P.  0.  Manchester. 
Lindrum  J.  far.;  S.  32  ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 
Luddey  J.  far.;  S.  21  ;  P.  0.  Masonville. 
Lyman    C.  W.  farmer ;     Sec.   12  ;    P.  0. 

Manchester. 
Lyman  H.  E.  farmer ;    Sec.  27  ;    P.  0. 

Barryville. 
Lyman  W.   C.   farmer  ;    Sec.  27  ;    P.  0. 

Barryville. 
Lyon  0.  far.;  Sec.  30  ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 
Lyon  E,  M.  far.;  S.  8  ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

McPARLAN    RICHARD,   farmer; 
Sec.  8 ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 
McGuire  J.  far.;  S.  31 ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 
McKittrick  P.  M.  renter;  P.  0.  Tower  Hill. 
MoMahon  Oweo,  farmer;  Sec.  21  ;  P.  0. 

Barryville. 
Maloney  John,  renter  ;    P.  0.  Barryville. 
Miller  Andrew  Jr.  farmer;  Sec.  13  ;  P.  0. 

Manchester. 
Morris  Thos.  F.  laborer ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 
Mulligan  Michael  lab.;  P.  0.  Barryville. 
Mulvehill  J.  far.;  S.  8  ;  P.  0.  Masonville. 
MulvehiU  M.  far.;  S.  8 ;  P.  0.  Masonville. 
Mulvehill  P.  far.;  S.  8 ;  P.  0.  Masonville. 
Murphy  E.  far. ;  S.  19;  P.  0.  Barryville. 

ORVIS  W.  M.  farmer ;  Sec.  9  ;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 
ORVIS  E.  P.  Parmer;  Sec.  12;  P. 
0.  Manchester;  wa-s  born  in  Washing- 
ton Co.,  N.  Y.,  April  8, 1824  ;  came  to 
Illinois  in  1844  ;  married  Caroline  Put- 
nam in  Kane  Co.,  111.,  Nov.  21,  1846 ; 
and  came  to  this  State  some  years  after, 
and  settled  on  his  present  farm  ;  have 
seven  children — Theodore  W.,  Arvilla 
A.,  Florence  V.,  Alice  E.,  Elmore  W., 
Fannie  Z.  and  Frank  E.  Is  a  Repub- 
lican ;  Independent  in  religion. 
P EMBER  WILLIAM,  renter  ;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 
RYAN  PATRICK,  farmer;  Sec.  21  ; 
P.  0.  Barryville. 
RICE  WM.  E.  Parmer ;  Sec.  5  ;  P. 
0.  Masonville ;  born  Oct.  9,  1845,  in 
Hartsgrove,  Ashtabula  Co.,  Ohio  ;  came 
to  town  in  May,  1869;  married  Irene 
Young,  of  Ashtabula  Co.,  Dec.  19, 1871 ; 
she  was  born  Sept.  28,  1850.  They 
have  two  children — Bertha,  born  Feb. 
14,    1873,   and  Alma,  born  June  19, 


1876.     W.  E.  and  A.  H.  Rice  own  160 
acres  of  land  on  Sec.  5. 

S ELLENS  GEO.  farmer;  Sec.  3  ;  P.  0. 
Manchester. 

Sellens  Wm.  far. ;  S.  3 ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Shofner  S.  M.  far. ;  S.  27  ;  P.  0.  Barryville. 

SimiOXS  CAIiVISr,  Farmer; 
Sec.  14  ;  P.  0.  Manchester  ;  born  in  On- 
tario Co.,  N.  Y.,  June  1,  1803.  Came 
to  Ohio  in  1826,  and  from  there  to  Illi- 
nois in  1853,  and  to  township  of  Prairie, 
Delaware  Co.,  Iowa,  in  1869 ;  married 
Harriet  Preston,  of  Ontario,  N.  Y.,  Feb. 
25, 1823;  she  died  Sept.  16, 1827;  married 
Mary  Janet  Stimson  in  Medina  Co.,  0., 
Aug.  11,  1851  ;  had  seven  children  by 
first  marriage — Myrett,  William  G., 
John  F.,  Walter,  Caleb,  Harriet, 
Maryett.  Owns  280  acres  of  land ;  be- 
longs to  M.  E.  Church  ;  in  politics, 
Republican. 

Smith  T.  far. ;  Sec.  3  ;  P.  0.  Manchester. 

Snyder  G.  W.  far.  ;  Sec.  12  ;  P.  0.  Man- 
chester. 

Stewart  R.F .  far.;  S.  10  ;  P.  O.  Manchester. 

Stewart  W.  P.  laborer  ;  Manchester. 

STIIiES  HEWRY,  Far.;  S  2 ;  P.O. 
Masonville;  born  Jan.  2,  1836,  inPeru, 
Bennington  Co.,  Vt.;  married  Helen 
Rider,  of  same  town,  May  14,  1865 ; 
came  to  this  town  April,  1866,  and 
opened  up  and  improved  the  farm  on 
which  he  now  lives ;  they  have  two 
children — Francis  J.  and  Harry  E.;  Mr. 
Stiles  enlisted  in  the  2d  Resj.  Vt.  Brig., 
Oct.,  1861,  serving  in  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  his  full  time  of  enlistment ;  Mrs. 
Stileswasborn  Oct.  7,  1843. 
Stimpson  Jason,  far.;  S.  13;  P.  O.  Man- 
chester. 

Stimpson  Mihon,  far.;  S.  13 ;  P.  0.   Man- 

WEAVER  BENJAMIN,  farmer; 
S.  16;P.  0.  Manchester. 

Welch  James,  renter;  S.  8 ;  P.  0.  Mason- 
ville. 

Welch  Robert,  far.;  S.  8  ;  P.  0.  Masonville. 

WILEY  HEWRY  C.  Farmer ;  S. 
7;  P.  0.  Masonville;  born  in  Windsor 
Co.,  Vt.,  Dec.  4,  1844,  and  lived  at 
home  until  his  arrival  at  age,  clerking 
for  his  father  the  latter  part  of  the  time 
in  his  father's  store  ;  emigrated  to  Iowa 
and  has  resided  in  this  town  for  the  past 
eight  years ;  married  Lucretia  P.  Mar- 
tin  March  30,  1869 ;  she  was  born  in 


BIJEMEN  TOWNSHIP. 


703 


Bureau  Co.,Ill.,  June  23, 1852;  they  have 
three  children — Edmond  P.,  Clarence 
M.,  and  PUney  A.;  owns  120  acres  of 
land  and  has  an  orchard  of  1,200  apple 


trees  doing  finely  and  just  coming  into 
bearing. 
Woodcock  W.  H.  lab.;  P.  0.  Manchester. 


BREMEN    TOWNSHIP. 


AHMANN  ADOLPH,  farmer;  S.  24; 
P.  0.  Petersburg. 
Althoff  Theodore,  far. ;  S.  3  ;  P.  0.  Pe- 
tersburg. 
Arens  H.  far. ;  S.  23 ;  P.  0.  Dyersville. 
Arens  Jos.  far. ;  S.  lY ;  P.  0.  Petersburg. 

BACKENSTEDT  ARNOLD,  farmer ; 
S.  12  ;  P.  0.  New  Vienna. 

Ben  Wm.  far.  ;  S.  28 ;  P.  0.  New  Vienna. 

Bisgrove  E.  far. ;  S.  33 ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

Bisgrove  F.  far. ;  S.  34 ;  P.  0.  Dyersville. 

BISGBOTE  HEXKY,  Farmer; 
S.  34  ;  born  in  Parish  Wedmore, 
Stoughton,  Eng.,  April  5, 1822.  Moved 
to  this  country  and  Dubuque  Co.,  Iowa, 
in  1857  ;  settled  on  his  present  farm  in 
1868.  He  was  married  in  1846  to 
Miss  Jane  Clapp,  from  Ashton,  Eng. ; 
born  July  21,  1819.  They  have  had 
seven  children — Elizabeth  J.,  Edward, 
Frank,  Hannah,  Luke,  George  C,  John 
R.  Elizabeth  J.  married  John  Kioh, 
of  Delhi.  Edward  married  Mary  J. 
Gibbs,  of  North  Fork  Tp.,  and  lives  on 
S.  33,  Brown  Tp.  Mr.  B.  has  160 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $8,000.  In 
politics,  Republican ;  in  religion,  Metho- 
dist. 

Bisgrove  L.  far. ;  S.  34  ;  P.  0.  Dyersville. 

Bockenstedt  A.  far. ;  S.  12. 

Bohnenkomp  F.  far. ;  S.  3  ;  P.  0.  Peters- 
burg. 

Bohnenkomp  H.  far. ;  S.  3 ;  P.  0.  Peters- 
burg. 

Bruening  B.  far. ;  S.  27  ;  P.  0.  Dyersville. 

Burlet  John,  far. ;  S.  30 ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 
lOOK  JOHN,  farmer  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 


O' 


Couissins  T.  far.;  Sec.  32  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

DAENIER  PETER,  merchant;  Pe- 
tersburg. 
Deppe  Wm.  far.  ;  S.  4 ;  P.  0.  Petersburg. 
Doofittle  A.  S.  far.  ;S.  31;  P.  0  Earlville. 
Drexler  John,  Sr.  farmer  ;  bee.  14  ;  P.  O. 

Dyersville. 
Drexler  J.  Jr.  far. ;  S.  28  ;  P.  0.  Dyersville. 


EIGENBERGER  GEORGE,  laborer  • 
P.  0.  Petersburg. 
Eigenberger  J.  far.  ;  Sec.  17  ;  P.  0.  Peters- 
burg. 
Eike  Jos.  far. ;  Sec.  6  ;  P.  0.  Petersburg 

FANGMAN  CLEMENS,  farmer;  Sec. 
35  ;  P.  0.  Dyersville. 
Pangman  J.  far.  ;  S.  33  ;  P.  0.  Dyersville. 
Funke  B.  far.;  Sec.  35  ;  P.  0.  Dyersville 
Funke  H.  far.  ;  S.  13  ;  P.  0.  New  Vienna. 

GIBBS  EDWARD,  farmer  ;  Sec.  31 ; 
P.  0.  Earlville. 
Glynn  Patrick,  Sec.  28  ;  P.  0.  Dyersville. 
Goedken  H.  far.;  S.  5  ;  P.  0.  Petersburg. 
Goerett  Carl,  far.;  S.  24  ;  P.  0.  Dyersville. 

HARMIEB  ANTONE,far.;  S.7  ;  P.O. 
Petersburg. 

Harmier  Henry,  far.;  P.  0.  Petersburg. 

Hehman  Fred,  far.;  S.  6  ;  P.  0.  Petersburg. 

Herman  Grave,  far.;  S.  22  ;  Dyersville. 

Hildebrand  Geo.  far.;  S.  17  ;  P.  0.  Peters- 
burg. 

Houkomp  A.  far.;  S.  4  ;  P.  0.  Petersburg. 

Houkomp  H.  far.;  S.12  ;  P.  0.  New  Vienna. 

Hunt  Henry,  far.;  S.  32  ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

HUNT  JAMES,  Far.;  S.  32;  P.O. 
Earlville  ;  borain  England  June  7,1830  ; 
moved  to  this  country  and  Ohio  in 
1841 ;  to  Iowa  and  to  his  present  farm 
1857 ;  he  was  married,  1865  to  Miss 
Elizabeth  Gibbs,  from  England  ;  she  was 
born  June  20,  1844 ;  they  have  had 
ten  children,  eight  living — Robert, 
George,  Ellen,  Allen,  William,  James, 
Sidney,  Phoebe  A.;  Mr.  Hunt  has  1,600 
acres  of  land  located  in  Bremen,  Oneida 
and  Delhi  Tps.,  valued  at  $25,000  ;  he 
purchased  160  acres  of  the  Government 
in  1853  ;  he  deals  quite  extensively  in 
stock  ;  in  politics,  a  Republican  ;  his 
brother,  Henry  Hunt,  lives  with  him 
and  helps  to  carry  on  the  farm 

JANSB  HENRY,   far.;  8.  16;  P.  0. 
Dyersville. 

KERKHOFF  HERMAN,  farmer ;  S. 
20  ;  P.  0.  Dyersville. 


704 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUNTY: 


Kern«  John,  far. ;  S.  24  ;  P.  0.  Dyersville. 

Kirckhoff  A.  far. ;  S.  22  ;  P.  0.  DyersvilJe. 

Kirokhoff  H.  far. ;  S.  9  ;  P.  0.  Petersburg. 

Kirckhoff  Henry,  far.;  S.  12;  P.  0. 
Dyersville. 

Kleespies  J.  Sr.  far. ;  S.  7 ;  P.  0.  Earlville. 

KliEESPIES  JACOB,  Farmer; 
S.  7  ;  P.  0.  Earlville ;  born  in  the  king- 
dom of  Bavaria,  Prussia,  in  1826 ; 
came  to  this  country  and  New  Jersey  in 
1851 ;  to  this  State  and  Dubuque  in 
1855.  He  settled  on  his  present  farm 
in  1864  ;  was  married  in  1854  to  Miss 
Elizabeth  Prey,  from  Prussia.  They 
have  had  nine  children,  two  dead — Caro- 
line, Mary,  Joseph,  William,  Valentine, 
Adam,  Anthony.  He  has  200  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $10,000.  He  has  held 
the  office  of  Justice  of  the  Peace  two 
years ;  Township  Trustee  six  years ; 
School  Director  nine  years.  His  father, 
Adam  Kleespies,  lives  with  him.  He  is 
77  years  old.  He  enlisted  in  the  107th 
Kegt.  N.  Y.  Zouaves  in  our  late  rebel- 
lion ;  was  in  the  battles  of  Fortress 
Monroe  and  Yorktown. 

Koclker  H.  far. ;  S.  4 ;  P.  0.  Petersburg. 

Koclker  H.  far. ;  S.  4 ;  P.  0.  Petersburg. 

Kramer  F.  far. ;  S.  18 ;  P.  0.  Petersburg. 

Krapfl  G.  far. ;  S.  15  ;  P.  0.  New  Vienna. 

Kra,pfl  G.  Jr.  far. ;  S.  15 ;  P.  0.  Dyers- 
ville. 

Krogmann  0.  far.;  S.  19;  P.  0.  Peters- 
burg. 
LAPPE  JOHN,  far. ;   8.  28  ;  P.  0. 
Dyersville. 

I.E  GASSICK  JAMES,  Farmer; 
S.  29  ;  P.  0.  Earlville  ;  born  in  London, 
Eng.,  in  1830.  Moved  with  his  par- 
ents to  this  country  and  Ohio  in  1841 ; 
to  Cook  Co.,  111.,  in  1848 ;  to  Iowa  and 
on  his  present  farm  in  1852.  He  was 
married  in  1857  to  Miss  Sophia  Hayes, 
from  England.  They  have  had  one 
child— John,  born  May  26,  1867.  Mr. 
L.  held  the  office  of  County  Supervisor 
nine  years  under  the  former  system. 
He  now  holds  the  same  under  the 
present  system.  He  held  the  office  of 
Justice  of  the  Peace  sixteen  years ; 
Township  Clerk  four  years ;  Township 
Assessor  three  years  ;  Township  Trustee 
ten  years ;  Secretary  School  Board  six- 
teen years.  He  has  240  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $12,000.  He  lost  his  dwell- 
ing by  fire  May  2,  1874.     Mr.  Le  Gas- 


sick  is  held  in  high  esteem  by  the  peo- 
ple of  the  county,  and  walks  off  with 
large  majorities  ac  the  county  and  town- 
ship elections.  .  ; 

Leib  He;iry,  school  teacher  ;  P.  0.  New 
Vienna. 

Leichtberg  Bernard,  far. ;  S.  12 ;  P.  0. 
New  Vienna. 

Loesche  H.  far.  ;  S.    6 ;  P.    0.  Earlville. 

Luke  H.  A.  far. ;  S.  1  ;  P.  0.  New  Vienna. 

MAIROSE    CLEMENS,  farmer ;  S. 
4  ;  P.  O.  Petersburg. 

MAASJOST  REV.  S.  Clergyman 
Parish  SS.  Peter  and  Paul;  P.  0. 
Petersburg;  born  in  Prussia  in  1839; 
came  to  this  country  and  Guttenburg, 
Clayton  Co.,  Iowa,  in  1852 ;  to  this 
county  and  parish  in  1873;  their  church-, 
was  organized  in  1867,  and  was  built 
the  same  year  ;  it  is  100x45  ft. ;  they 
have  a  membership  of  135  families. 
Father  Maasjost  was  instructed  in  the 
English  language  in  Prussia  and  Bel- 
gium, and  notwithstanding,  he  has  offi- 
ciated over  two  entire  German  parishes  ; 
he  speaks  and  writes  the  English 
fluently. 

Mairose  Jos.  far.;  S.  9  ;  P.  0.  Petersburg. 

Meorman  B.  far.;  S.  9 ;  P.  0.  Petersburg. 

MuUencamp  Antone,  far.;  Sec.  8 ;  P.  0. 
Petersburg. 

~VTABER  B.  D.  farmer ;  Sec.  2  ;  P.  0. 

_LN       Petersburg. 

Naber  G.  far.  ;  S.  3  ;    P.  0.    Petersburg. 

Naber  J.  far. ;  S.  11 ;  P.  0.  New  Vienna. 

Nabei;  J.  H.  far. ;  8.  11;  P.O.  New  Vienna. 

Nichols  D.  renter ;  See.  25  ;  P.  0.  Dyers- 
ville. 

Nurre  B.  far. ;  Sec.  17  ;  P.  0.  Petersburg. 

OLBERDING  H.  retired^  P.  0.  Dyers- 
ville. 
Osterhous  J.  far. ;  S.  6  ;  P.  0.  Petersburg. 
Overmann  F.  far. ;  S.  8  ;  P  .0.  Petersburg. 

PETSCHE  PETER,  peddler;  P.  0. 
Petersburg. 
T3AUCH  JOHN. 

Riden  W.  far.  ;  S.  25  ;  P.  0.    Dyersville. 

RUBL  Y  FREDERICK,  Mercht. 
and  Postmaster ;  P.  0.  Petersburg ; 
born  in  Pa.,  1847 ;  he  came  to  Iowa, 
and  this  township  in  1858 ;  settled  in 
Petersburg  in  1872;  he  was  married  in 
1869  to  Miss  Thresa  R.  Ricksher,  from 
Fort  Madison,  Iowa.  They  have  had  five 
children— Andrew,  John,  William,  Rose, 


UNION  TOWNSHIP. 


705 


Bertha  ;  he  has  held  the  office  of  Justice 
of  the  Peace  for  two  years,  Assessor  two 
years,  Township  Clerk  one  year. 
Postmaster  three  years ;  he  is  in  partner- 
ship with  his  brother  John  ;  they  keep 
a  general  stock  of  merchandise-;  Mr. 
Rubly,during  the  Winter  months,  teaches 
school  while  his  brother  carries  on  the 
business, 
ilubly  John,  merchant,  Petersburg. 

SANDERCOCK  JOHN,  far. ;  Sec.  30  ; 
P.  0.  Earlville." 
Sassen  B.  merchant ;  Petersburg. 
Schaffers  H.  far. ;  S.  34  ;  P.  0.  Dyersville. 
Scheberding  J.  saloon  keeper  ;  Petersburg. 
Schlikman  J.  far. ;  S.  33  ;  P.  0.  Dyersville. 
Schmeiding  C.  far.;  S.  16 ;  P.O.  Petersburg. 
SchmeikerC.far.  ;S.20  ;  P.O.  Petersburg. 
Schmidt  P.  shoemaker ;  Petersburg. 
Schertz  H.  far.  ;Sec.  9  ;  P.  0.  Petersburg. 
Seigell  A.  laborer  ;    P.  0.  Dyersville. 
Sellnar  A.  far. ;  S.  19;  P.  O.  Petersburg. 
Sims  S.  farmer;  Sec.  36  ;  P.   0.  Earlville. 
Sorster  A.  far. ;  Sec.  5  ;  P.  0.  Petersburg. 


[  Stangel  A.  far. ;  S.  15  ;  P.  0.    Petersburg. 

Staples  J.  far. ;  Sec.  25  ;  P.  0.  Dyersville. 
1  Steger  G.  Sr.  far.  ;  S.  23  ;  P.  0.  Dyersville. 
^  Steger  G.  Jr.  far.  ;  S.  23  ;P.O.  Dyersville. 
,  Steger  M.far. ;  Sec.  25  ;  P.O.  Dyersville. 
1  Sudmire  G.  far. ;  S.  2  ;  P.  0.    Petersburg. 

Sudmier  J.  far.;  S.  20  ;  P.  0.  New  Vienna. 

TUSHNAR  FRED,  farmer  ;  Sec.  19  ; 
P.  0.  Petersburg. 
TTOESSING  WM.   farmer  ;  Sec.  20  ; 
V        P.  0.  Petersburg. 

WEISCHE  H.  farmer ;  Sec.  31  ;  P. 
0.  Earlville. 
Wessell  B.  far. ;  S.  1  ;  P.  0.  New  Vienna. 
Wessell  J.  W.  far.  ;   S.  1 ;    P.  0.    New 
Vienna. 
j  Westenmier  F.  farmer;  S.  21 ;  P.O.  Dyers- 
I       ville. 
WestlakeS.  far.;  P.  0.  Earlville. 
Westmier  0.  farmer  ;  Sec.  21. 
Witte  J.  far. ;  S.  3  ;  P.  0.  Petersburg. 
Witte  Joseph,  carpenter  ;  Petersburg. 
■  WordelhoflF  Wm.  far. ;  S.  17 ;  P.  0.  Peters- 
burg. 


UNION   TOWNSHIP. 


BACON  BERTRAND,  far.;  S.  2  ;  P. 
0.  Hopkinton. 

Bacon  Charles, far.;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

Bacon  I.  far.;  S.  32  ;  P.  0.  Grove  Creek. 

Bacon  J.  renter ;  S.  21  ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

Bacon  J.  C.  farm  hand ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

Bacon  J.  M.  lab.;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

Baker  John,  far.;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

Barnes  F.  S.  far.;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

Barnes  James,  far.;  S.  19  ;  P.O.  Uniontown. 

Barrows  L.  S.  far.;  S.  23  ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

BEKIilX  PAUL,  B.  renter;  S.  32  ; 
P.  0.  Grove  Creek ;  born  in  Pennsyl- 
vania in  1855,  and  lived  there  until  he 
was  16  years  of  age  ;  he  then  came  to 
Delaware  County  and  has  made  it  his 
home  since  then  ;  was  married  in  1875 
to  Caddie  Hogg,  who  was  born  in  this 
county;  Democrat. 

Blanchard  Aaron  P.  far.;  S.  22;  P.  0. 
Hopkinton. 

Blanchard  Curtis,  lab.;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

Blanchard  Perry  C  lab.;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

Billings  Charles,  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

Billings  Charles  D.  far.;  P.  O.-Hopkinton. 

Britt  John,  far.;  S.  9  ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 


Burnight  J.  far.;  S.  31  ;  P.O.  Grove  Creek. 

Byam  Oliver,  far.;  S.  30  ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

Byrom  Benj.  far.;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

/  SONANT  E.  G.  far.;  S.  22  ;  P.  0.  Hop- 

V^     kinton. 

Conner  0.  C.  far.;  S.  4 ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

CBOSIS  Li.  ».  Farmer;  S.  33;  P.  0. 
Grove  Creek  ;  was  born  in  New  Hamp- 
shire in  1813,  and  lived  there  until  18 
years  old  ;  removed  to  State  of  Vermont, 
and  remained  there  until  he  was  21  years 
old  ;  then  moved  to  Hartford,  Ct.,  then 
to  Lowell,  Mass.,  from  there  to  Illinois, 
and  then  to  this  State;  has  lived  in 
Delaware  Co.  thirty-five  years ;  was  mar- 
ried in  1840  to  Phoebe  Bullard,  of  Mass., 
one  chUd  living— Orlando  M.;  one,  Car- 
oline, dead;  Republican;  Baptist. 
DANFORD  JOSHUA,  farmer;  P. 
0.  Hopkinton. 

Danford  Wm.  far. ;  S.  8 ;  P.  0.  Union. 

DAVIS  MABION  E.  Renter;  S. 
29  ■  P  0.  Grove  Creek ;  was  born  in 
Illinois  in  1852 ;  came  to  this  county 
when  about  2  years  old,  and  haa  been 
here  since.     Married  Melvina  Everhart, 


706 


DIRECTORY  OF  DELAWARE  COUJSTY: 


of  Pennsylvania,   in   1874.     Has   one 

child— ^Grace.     Republican. 
Dayton  H.  farm  hand ;   P.  O.  Hopkinton. 
Dolley  G.  far. ;  S.  31 ;  P.  0.  Uniontown. 
DoUey  H.  far. ;  S.  29  ;  P.  O.  Grove  Creek. 
Douglas  S.  far. ;  S.  23  ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 
Dufoe  Oliver,  far. ;  S.  21 ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

ELLIOTT  WM.  far.;  S.  20;  P.   0. 
Uniontown. 
GARLICK  GEORGE,  voter ;  P.  0. 
Uniontown. 
i&arliek  Thos.  S.  far. ;  S.  20  ;  P.  0.  Union- 
town. 
^  Garvin  David,  far. ;  S.  19;  P.  0.  Union- 
town. 
GavittD.  W.  far. ;  S.  23  ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 
Green  C.  far. ;  S.  17  ;  P.  0.  Uniontown. 
Griess  J.  far.;  S.  19  ;  P.  0.  Uniontown. 
Guthrie  J.  renter;    S.  29;    P.  0.  Grove 
Creek. 

HAIGH  JAMES;  Sec.  4;  P.  0. 
Hopkinton. 

HICKMAN  DEMAKCUS  L. 
Farmer;  Sec.  21;  P.O.  Hopkinton; 
was  born  in  Ohio  March  2,  1844  ;  lived 
there  until  he  was  7  years  of  age,  when 
he  came  to  Jones  Co.,  Iowa;  owns  120 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $3,000.  Mar- 
ried Mary  Lambert,  of  Ohio,  in  1874; 
has  one  child,  named  James  J.  Dem- 
ocrat. 

Hiokmam  K.  far.;    S.  30 ;    P.  0.  Grove 

HOGCi}  JAMES  H.  Merchant  an'd 
Postmaster  ;  Grove  Creek ;  was  born  in 
this  county  in  1850,  and  has  made  this 
his  home  all  his  life.  The  father  of 
Mr.  Hogg  was  engaged  in  the  mercantile 
business  for  a  number  of  years,  the  son 
being  in  partnership  as  soon  as  he  was 
old  enough  ;  last  September,  the  father 
died,  and  the  sen  has  since  carried  on 
the  business  alone  ;  has  a  stock  valued 
at  $5,000  ;  intends  to  start  a  creamery 
soon  ;  has  been  Po.stmaster  five  years. 
Married  Emma  Berlin,  of  Pennsylva- 
nia, in  1871;  two  children — William 
W.  and  Ora  E.     Democrat. 

Hogan  M.  lar.;  S.  35  ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

Hogg  Chas.  R.  clerk  for  his  father ;  P.  0. 
Grove  Creek. 

Hogg  John  M.  farmer  ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton, 

Holmes  Sidney  ;  S.  23  ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

Hugh  Watson  ;  S.  9  ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

JOHNSON  A.  R.  farmer;    Sec.  22  ;  P.  j 

'J       0.  Hopkinton.  I 


Jacobs  Jos.  farmer. 

KAHMER  LEWIS,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Hopkinton. 

Kahmer  R.;  S.  -2  ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

Kehoe  Patrick  ;  S.  35  ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

KEITH  BEIVJ.  Jr.  Parmer;  Sec. 
6  ;  P.  0.  Delhi ;  was  born  in  Ohio  in 
1819,  and  lived  there  until  1854,  when 
he  came  to  this  county  ;  owns  200  acres 
of  land  valued  at  $6,000.  Married 
Sarah  Danford,  of  Ohio,  in  1840  ;  has 
had  twelve  children,  eight  of  them  now 
living ;    Republican  ;  Methodist. 

Keith  Clifford,  farmer ;    P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

Keith  Jno.  D.  farmer ;    P.  O.  Hopkinton. 

Keith  J.  S.;    Sec.  33  ;    P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

KEITH  PETER  S.  Farmer;  Sec. 

6  ;  P.  0.  Delhi ;  was  born  in  Pennsyl- 
vania in  1834,  and  lived  there  until  — • 
years  of  age  ;  he  then  removed  to  Wis- 
consin and  remained  there  until  1872, 
when  he  went  to  Iowa ;  came  to  this 
county  in  1875.  Married  Athalia  Keith, 
of  Rockford,  111.,  in  1862 ;  has  six 
children — Emma,  Sherman,  Walter, 
Minnie,  Harmon,  Nellie.     Republican. 

KEITH    PETER,    Faimer;     Sec. 

7  ;  P.  0.  Delhi ;  was  born  in  Ohio  in 
1825,  and  lived  there  until  1851 ;  then 
came  to  this  county,  and  has  been  here 
engaged  in  farming,  since  that  time ;  he 
owns  160  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $4,800. 
Was  married  in  1872  to  Cihney  Webb 
of  Pennsylvania;  has  four  children^ — 
Francis  M.,  Lewis  H.,  Martin  T.  and 
Mary  A.     Republican.     Methodist. 

Keith  Robt.  far.  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 
Keith  Wm.  B.  far. ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 
Kelly  T.  far. ;   Sec.  10 ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 
King  0.  far.;  Sec.  17  ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

LOVELAND  WM.  A.  renter;  P.  0. 
Grove  Creek. 
Lowe  J.  far.  ;  Sec.  3 ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 
Lyon  J.  far. ;  Sec.  28  ;  P.  0.  Grove  Creek. 
AIN  E.  farmer ;  P.  0.  Union. 


M 


Main  E.  S.  farmer  ;  P.  0.  Union. 
Main  N.  W.  far. ;  S.  18  ;  P.  0.  Uniontown. 
Main  S.  far.  ;  Sec.  1 9 ;  P.  0.  Uniontown. 
Morgan  A.  far. ;  Sec.  5  ;  P.  0.  Delhi. 
Morgan  Christopher,  P.  0.  Uniontown. 
Moulton  C.  far. ;  Sec.  20 ;  P.  0.  Union. 
Moulton  Michael,  far. ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 
Moulton  Reuben,  far. ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 
RR  J.  C.  farmer  ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton 


O' 


UNION  TOWNSHIP. 


707 


TDLACE  E.  W.  far. ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

PERSON  PETER,  Farmer;  Sec. 
6  ;  P.  0.  Delhi ;  was  born  in  New  Jersey 
in  1848.  When  about  6  years  old, 
moved  to  Wisconsin,  where  he  remained 
12  years.  From  there  he  went  to  Iowa, 
Nebraska  and  Dakota,  remaining  from 
three  to  six  months  in  each  place,  and 
inally  settling  in  Iowa,  and  has  been 
living  in  Delaware  Co.  since.  Married 
Patience  Healy,  of  Iowa,  Feb.  14, 1876. 
One  child — Henry  C. 

Porter  J.  far. ;  Sec.  20  ;  P.  0.  Uniontown. 

Porter,  T.  C.  far.;  Sec.  32;  P.  0.  Grove 
Creek.  '^ 

Porter  W.  B.  far. ;  Sec.  20  ;  P.  0.  Union. 

Purkey  Andrew,  Jr.,  far. ;  Sec.  28  ;  P.  0. 
Grove  Creek. 

Purkey  D.  S.  farmer ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

Purkey  Levi,  Sec.  34  ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

RADCLIFF  THOS.  farmer  ;  Sec.  11  ; 
P.  O.  Hopkinton. 
Kadcliff  W.  far. ;  S.  11 ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 
Katliff  F.  far. ;  Sec.  23 ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 
Robinson  Henry,  farmer;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 
Robinson  0.  rtr. ;  S.  20  ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 

SANNER  GEORGE,  farmer ;  S.  8  ;  P. 
0.  Uniontown. 
Smith  A.  G.  far. ;  S.  18 ;  P.  0.  Uniontown. 
Smith  Frank,  farmer ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 
Smith  John,  far. ;  S.  18  ;  P.  O.  Uniontown. 
,  Smith  J.  D.  far. ;  S.  18 ;  P.  0.  Uniontown. 
-Smith  J.  N.  farmer ;  P.  0.  Hopkinton. 
Squires  Salem,  far.;  S.  28;  P.  0.  Hop- 
kinton. 
Stangher  C.  far.;   S.   29;  P.  0.  Grove 

CrsGK 
Stangher  Joseph,  far. ;  S.  29  ;  P.  0.  Grove 

THOkPSON  I.  C.  renter ;  S.  31 ;  P. 
0.  Grove  Creek. 
Thompson  J.  C.  far. ;  S.  27 ;  P.  0.  Grgve 

W'^^ELCH  JOHN  S.  far. ;  S.  19 ;  P.  0. 
Uniontown. 
WEIiCH  W.  M.  Attorney  at  Law ; 
S.    19;    P-    0.    Uniontown.     Hfe   was 
born  in  Frostburgh,  Alleghany  Co.,  Md., 


April  14,  1852,  at  the  age  of  9  years. 
He  came  with  parents  to  Cl*3rton  Co., 
Iowa,  where  they  remained  until  Sept., 
1867,  then  coming  to  Union  Tp.  and 
settling  where  they  now  live.  He  was 
educated  at  the  Hopkinton  Collegiate 
Institute,  Iowa,  and  Western  CoUege, 
Linn  Co.,  111.  Mr.  Welch  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  Sept.  3, 1874,  by  Hon.  David 
S.  Wilson,  Judge.  Since  then  he  has 
devoted  his  time  to  practicing  law  in 
the  Summer  and  teaching  in  the  Winter. 
He  is  now  teaching  in  Coffin's  Grove, 
where  he  has  taught  for  four  Winter 
terms.  Mr.  W.  took  an  active  part  in 
the  county  seat  fight  of  1875  between 
Manchester  and  Delhi,  working  for 
Manchester,  having  obtained  over  1,000 
names. 

WEVCH  W.  HENRY,  Farmer;  S. 
32  ;  P.  0.  Grove  Creek ;  was  born  in 
Ohio  in  1838,  and  lived  there  six  years, 
then  came  to  Iowa,  stopping  in  Dubuque 
Co.  four  years  ;  came  to  this  county  in 
1850,  and  has  been  here  ever  since; 
married  to  Mary  Bacon,  of  Ohio,  in 
1863;  have  four  children — Clara  E., 
Anna  L.,  Martin  H.  C,  and  Jennie  W. 
Owns  150  acres  of  land,  valued  at 
$4,500.  Democrat;  Universalist.  Mr. 
W.  has  held  the  office  of  Township 
Trustee  and  President  of  School  Board. 

Wheelis  W.  B.  rtr. ;  S.  32  ;  P.  0.  Grove 

Whitaker  S.  P.  far.;  S.  27;  P.  0.  Hop- 
kinton. 
Wilson  Guy,  renter ;  S.  29  ;  P.  0.  Grove 

WILSON  NICHOLAS,  Farmer; 
S.  6  ;  P.  0.  Delhi ;  was  born  in  Penn- 
sylvania in  1820,  and  lived  there  until 
23  years  of  age.  At  that  time  moved 
to  Ogle  Co.,  111.,  where  he  remained  six 
years,  then  came  to  this  place.  Owns 
390  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $11,700. 
Married  Jemima  Martin,  who  was  from 
Pennsylvania;  has  five  children  living 
and  two  dead.     Repubhcan ;  Methodist. 

Wragg  Peter,  farmer. 


A.  H:  Andrews  &  Co., 

211  &  213  Wabash  Avenue,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

Laegest  Manufactueees  in  the  Woeld  op 

School,  Church,  Office  &  Bank  Fittings, 

School  Globes  (bS^' ffi.),  Apparatus,  Maps  and  Charts. 

School  Furniture  and  Apparatus. 

•    J         ._.        ....  ^.MH..^^     We  believe  that  we 
Andrews'   "Trmmph"  Desk.    The  best  pffg^  j,jg  Only  SCllOOl 

in  the  world,  because  Dove-  ])esk  that  IS  durable, 

tailed  together.  and  which  will  grow 

stronger  and  stronger 
by  use  and  time. 

It  is  made  by  dove- 
tailing the  iron  into  the 
wood,  and  the  shrink- 
ing of  the  wood  only 
tightens  the  work. 

SeTwol  Officers  will  ob- 
s&fve  that  we  received  the 
highest  award  far  the  Tri- 
umph School  Desks  at  the 
I*hiladelvhia  Tntemaiion- 
al  Exposition  0/1876. 


Church,Hall 

— AUD — 

Sunday  School  Fittjngs. 


Send  for  Illustrated  Catalogue  of 

SLhool,  Church  and  Office 

FURNITURE, 

IVKrquktry  Flooring,  &c. 


No.  613. 


No.  494K. 
PULPIT. 


We  have  very  large  facilities: 
for  the  maniif acture  of 

Cliiifcli  ryrniiiire, 

SUCH  AS 

Pulpits,  Pews, 

Chairs,  Settees,  &c. 

^p  Sunday  School  Seats. 

Estimates  sent  on  sliori  notice. 


No.  180. 

Sunday  Schooi:  Settee.  Armoged  for 
sweeping  or  for  entering  the  Pew. 

A  reversible  seat  corresponding  accom. 
panics  the  aboTo^  to  alternate.