CORNELL
UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY
FROM
BX620g.N85 W92
First half century of the North jmberland
3 1924 029 451 717
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1820 to 1870.
THE
FIRST HALF CENTURY
SITUATED IN
Nartkmkrkd, Mootour, Coluinliia, Sulli7aD, Lycoiiiig, Clinton,
Union aad Snyder Countks,
PENNS YLTAHI A.
Scmi-lEenltnnml |^iiiii6eirsarg at SaUliHrnsport, ^rpl. 38 & 39, 1870.
PHILABELPHIA:
J, A. WAGENSELLER, 23 NORTH SIXTH STREET.
1871.
SEMI-CESTENNIAL AMIVEESARY.
Willi A51SP0BT, Pa., aeptember 28, 1S70.
Evening. — By previous appointment, Brother Geo.
M. Spratt delivered a Memorial Sermon from the text,
Acts xiii. 36, 37: "For David, after he had served his
own generation by the will of God, fell on sleep, and was
laid unto his fathers, and saw corruption. But he whom
God raised again saw no corruption."
This illustrative reference formed the basis of a few
thoughts peculiarly appropriate to this Jubilee Anni-
versary of the NORTHUMBEELARD BAPTIST ASSOCIA-
TION.
"David served." — The primal law of all existence is
service. Angels serve— man serves — Christ served —
service is honorable.
David served ly "the will of God " — How he knew
the will of God, we are not informed. Not by a direct
voice. Providence, which is only another name for
the voice and arm of God, directed him — he became
king, prophet and seer,
David served, by the will of God, "his own genera-
tion." — Could not serve the past— they were dead.
Gould not serve the future generations — they were not
born.
His own were before him. Our own generation
will be dearer to us, in heaven, than any of the past
or the future.
David's time of service was limited — "he fell on
sleep," ' *
4 NOETHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATISN.
Applying tbese thoughts to our present meeting, he
proceeded to give a short synopsis of the past fifty
years of our Associational history.
Within that period, twenty-three ministering breth-
ren connected with this body sleep in Jesus.
He reviewed their toils and sufferings — -their preach-
ing in the open fields, in houses, in barns — of their
traveling through sunshine and storm, bearing the
tidings of salvation to the lost.
Seventy brethren who now labor on other fields,
have, in past years, rendered good service^ to the
churches of this body. ""'
Sixteen pastors, one colporteur, one evangelist, and
two brethren connected with the University, who have
not held pastoral relations, are now laboring on the
field.
CONCLUDING REFLECTIONS.
1st. What a rich legacy has Christ given to the
churches in these honored names!
2d. How greatly are we indebted to Madison,^and
to the University at Lewisburg, for the ministry thus
fostered and prepared !
September 29.— At 11 o'clock. Brother J. Green
Miles delivered the second Memorial Sermon, in ac-
cordance with previous appointment. Subject: 'T/ie
Mission of Baptists."
1. To teach a correct doctrine — Calvinistic, but not
hyper.
2. Correct church polity.
3. The true baptism.
The progress they have made is illustrated by
4. The increase of the churches and their growth.
5. Prejudices that existed have given way to a
very greit extent.
» SEMI-.ENTESNIAL EXERCISES, 5
6. In the progress made, there has been a strict ad-
herence to their principles.
7. No reason why they should be abandoned now.
Ad the close of Brother Miles' sermon, there was a
general desire expressed to hear from our venerable
Brother, El'gesio Kiscaid. At the request of the
Association, he responded, and, in a simple and pa-
thetic strain, recounted many interesting and affecting
incidents in connection with his early labors in the
Valley of the Susquehanna.
Brother 0. N. Woedes" having, during the day,
read the Historical Address, prepared by request, (the
Tables and Appendix excepted) it was
Moved, that the thanks of the Association he given
to Brother Worden for his elaborate, interesting, and
valuable sketch, and that he be requested to furnish
the same for pnbhcation.
Unanimously adopted by a standing vote.
It was subsequently
Voted, that the Historical Sketch as prepared by
Brother Worden, be referred to Brethren G. M. Spratt,
T. 0. Lincoln, E. B. Campbell and J. R. Loomis, as a
Committee to have the same published in a suitable
book form.
Brother T. E. Clapp offered the following Preamble
and Resolutions, and moved their adoption :
Whereas, Brethren Spratt, Miles, Kincaid and Wor-
den have so ably reviewed and recalled the last fifiy
years' history of the Association; therefore.
Resolved, Tliat we will ever cherish with deep
thankfulness " the cloud of witnesses " to the name of '
our dear Lord, llis Gospel, and His Work, composed
b NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
of the brethren and sisters who have so nobly and
successfully struggled and gone home, or yet remain.
Resolved, That we will pray and labor to make the
next fiftieth anniversary as full of holy memories and
blessed fruits as our fathers have made this for us.
These resolutions struck a tender chord of sympathy
in the hearts of many, and called forth a hearty re-
sponse upon the final motion to adopt.
Interesting remarks, interspersed with personal
memories and experiences, were made by Brethren
J. R. Loomis, J. Green Miles, L. Gr. Beck, S. W. Zeig-
ler, W. Cattell, Conley Plotts and J. A. Kelly ; when,
after a prayer of thanksgiving by Brother G. M.
Spratt, and the singing of the hymn
"Blest be the tie that binds,"
this delightful "Jubilee Anniversary " was closed with
prayer by Brother T. E. Clapp.
J. ANDERSON KELLY, Moderator.
Geokge S. Banger, Clerk.
N. George Moulder, Assistant Clerk.
HISTORICAL ADDRESS.
BY O- N. W^OKDEN.
Brother Moderator — To older and better in-
formed brethren iias been assigned the pleasing duty
of giving some of the many interesting reminiscences
connected with the progress of this Association. I am
to present the more prosaic, but not less instructive,
steps in that progress.
My contribution is mostly made up from the print-
ed file of Minutes. O^her interesting details might
doubtless be added, from the memory of the living
and the memorials of the departed, I have failed in
some of my efforts to draw out facts, which may yet
be elicited by this pioneer publication. Some materi-
als of value have been kindly furnished me, which are
unsuited to the design, or to the limits, of this paper.
In reading the following pages it should be remem-
bered that the Associational years cover part of two
calendar years, so that supposed errors may be more
apparent than real. Thus a matter may be reported
in the Minutes of 1860, which may have transpired
either in 1859 or in 1860, and the compiler without
means of determining which year. As some Minutes
were printed without the supervision of the Clerks or
8 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
otber writers of the manuscripts, mistakes may have
crept in, which can not now be detected or corrected.
In selecting from and condensing the mass of matter
at command, I have sought not only to preserve the
sentiments, but also the very words in which they
were expressed. This is deemed proper and necessa-
ry, in order to make a lifelike mirror, reflecting fairly
the public religious labors of the founders of the body
and of their successors to this day.
That the summary history here given — though frag-
mentary and imperfect — may excite our gratitude,
strengthen our faith, and inspire our zeal in the great
work of extending the Eedeemer's kingdom on earth,
is .my earnest desire ; and the hope that it may be thus
useful, is ample reward for the considerable expendi-
ture of time and of research with which I have endea-
vored to meet the wishes of my Christian frie.ids.
PIOSEER CHKISTIAN LABORS.
As early as 1728, white traders and adventurers
had penetrated to the region now covered by this As-
sociation,
In 1742, Count Zinzendorf and other Moravian
missionaries preached iu old ShaumoMng (now Sun-
bury,) and also at a place called Oslamoackin, about a
day's journey from Shaumokmg, on the West Branch,
where they found some Frenchmen from Canada, and
also the noted Madam Montour, who, although Catho-
lics, listened with some respect.
Not long afterwards, "the Society for propagating
Christian Knowledge," in Scbtland, sent out David
"Brainard, a Congregational preacher, from New Eng-
land. In the years 174-5, '47, that devoted missionary
labored among the Indians and scattered whites in
Shaumoking and other points in Pennsylvania, and
also in New Jersey. No great success if recorded, in
his life, of his labors on the Susquehanna.
About 1747, the Moravians established a mission at
Shaumoking, which was broken up by the Indian
ravages and murders which followed the defeat of ■
Braddock in 1755, and the Brethren fled to Bethlehem.
In 1768, this region was thrown open to legal set-
10 NORTHTTMBEELAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATIO^.
tleinent by the treaty with the Indians at Fort Stan-
wix.
Previous to the Ee volution, the Scotch-Irish Pres-
byterian, the Lutheran, and the German Eeformed
churches had made some progress along both branch-
es of the Susquehanna ; but their organizations were
probably all broken up by the War for Independence.
FIRST BAPTISTS.
It is believed that, among the early settlers, from
New Jersey and elsewhere, were a few Baptists, who
were driven away by the Indians.
In the Minutes of the Philadelphia Association are
found our first printed evidences of the existence of
Baptist sentiments in Central Pennsylvania. In the
session of that body for 1774, " Letters from well dis-
posed people, requesting supplies, were read," "from
Tolbert, in Northumberland, in the province of Penn-
sylvania," and from other places ; and in the same year
it is recorded, " Brother David Sutton, William Worth
and Blkana Holmes ar^to visit the inhabitants of Tol-
bert township, at times to be fixed upon by themselves"
In 1775, " Supplies were granted to the following
destitute places : " " Talbort township," " Baltimore
town," (now city,) and six other points.
In 1778, a fund was recommended to be raised "for
the particular and express purpose of preaching the
Gospel among the back settlements."
The expression, " are to visit," indicates a promise,
which was quite probably fuliilled. I append — {iSce
Appendix, Notes A., B. and C.,)— brief sketches of
those first supposed Baptist preachers within our
EARLY BAPTIST MEETINGS AND. BAPTISMS 11
bounds. What was accomplished by them in this
region, we have not, as yet, the least intimation from
any source.
EAELY BAPTIST MEETINGS, AND BAPTISMS.
Benedict's first history states that, soon after the
Revolution, Mr. Ebenezer Green and others, from the
Warwick Church, in Orange county, New York, set-
tled on the West Branch, in the Black Hole Valley.
They kept ap a meeting, and were visited by James Finn,
of the first church (formed in 1786) at Pittstown, Wy.
oming Valley, He baptized some among them. They
probably held Connecticut claims, and, being disap-
pointed about their lands, they soon moved in a body
to the Chemuag flats, just over the State line, in Kew
York. There, in 1791, they aided in forming " Che-
mung," the first Baptist church in that region, where
the venerated Eoswell Goff so long ministered. Those
first hnown Baptist meetings and baptisms, were pro-
bably between the years 1786 and 1790.
]?rora the dark days of 1778, I findj for fourteen
years, no notice of this vicinity in the Philadelphia
Minutes. In 1792, however, we read that "Elders
-Patton, Clingan and Vaughn agree to travel for three
months in the ensuing year, about Juniata and the
West Branch of Susquehanna, to preach the Gospel to
the destitute ; and this Association recommend that a
sufficient sum be subscribed by the churches, and paid
immediately into the hands of Col. Samuel Miles, to
bear their expenses."
And, in 1794, "a letter was received and read from
the church in Bufialoe Valley, Northumberland conn-
12 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
ty, requesting to be received into this Association.
Postponed, no messenger appearing to receive the
right hand of fellowship." As the Shamokin Church
was formed in June, and the Association convened in
October following, we suggest that this is the same
church referred to, as at that early day it is known
there was Baptist preaching at Col. Wm.-Chamber-
lin's, in Buffaloe Valley. Probably, after laboring in
Tolbert [Turbut] township, Buffaloe, and other points
in the then large county of Northumberland, Shamokin
was fixed upon as the most promising location.
Without any formal report from this second trio of
Baptist domestic missionaries — {See Notes D., E. and
F) — we have evidences that their labors were not in
vain, on either river.
PIEST PEHMANENT ORGANIZATION.
Our first known Church in this region was organ-
ized in Shamokin township, 21st June, 1794, by
Elders John Patton and WiHiam Clingan. In 1796,
it was received by the Philadelphia Association.
John Patton was the pastor, and the original member-
ship of nine — from New Jersey and Bucks Co., Pa., as
is supposed — had increased to fifty. Our Minutes for •
1862 contain the interesting history of this mother
church in detail. It would be impossible to make
even a satisfactory abstract of it, for this address.
Those who possess the Minutes for 1862, 1863, and
1866 to 1870, should carefully preserve them, as addi-
tions and enlargements of this contribution to our
history.
WHITE DEER, AND LITTLE IITINCY. 13
SECOND CHURCH OKGANIZATION".
October 23, 1808, John Patton joined Elder Thomas
Smiley {ITote ff.) in the recognition of ten baptized
believera as the White Deee Church. The pastor
(Smiley) and his wife were from a church on Towanda
creek, three were from Shamokin, and the five others
had been baptized in that region within a few years
previous. The members were scattered along the
West Branch, as high as Jaysburg, now a suburb of
"Williamsport. The history of this venerable body
13 in our Minutes for 1863.
THIRD CHURCH.
September 27, 1817, Elders John Wolverton (N'ote
M.) of Shamokm, Smiley of White Deer, and Simeon
Coombs {N^ote I.) of Middleboro', Massachusetts, met
a Council in the Union meeting house in Moreland
township, and recognized the Little Mukct Church,
now called Madisow, The fourteen constituents
comprised Elder Henry Clark {N'ote J.) and wife, and
one other from White Deer, three supposed to have been
from New Jersey, and eight who had been baptized,
mostly by Elder Smiley, within a few years preceding.
The history of this fruitful vine, and of three of its
branches, may be found in our Minutes for 1866 and
FIEST DECADE.
ORGANIZATION— SOWING THE SEED.
Shamokin Churcli traveled with Philadelphia As-
sociation on the east, and White Deer and Little
Muncj with the original Chemung Association on the
north. The annual meetings, however, were so
remote that there could be little or no mingling to-
gether with these churches for aid or edification.
Consequently, having been cordially dismissed, at
their request, for the purpose, the above-named Sha-
mokin, White Deer and Little Muncy Churches asso-
ciated, in the Union meeting house in Moreland, 4th
August, 1821. At that time, they reported their
changes during the previous year, so that the present
session completes half a century of the operations of
the NOETHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
As a matter of interest, and to fairly present the
rules of business and views of doctrine put forth by
the founders of this body, a fac simile of their first
year's record of proceedings is herewith copied in full
as near as may be, (typographical errors excepted :)
THE FIRST ANNUAL MEETING,
ASSOCIATION,
CONVENED AT MOEBLAND MEETING- HOUSE,
PDESUANT TO PKEVIOUS APPOINTMENT AND COMSOLTATION,
SATURDAY, AUGUST 4, 181
STJJfBURT, PA.
Amo9 Straw, Printer.
IlEPRINT OP FIRST TEAR'S MINUTES.
[3]
I in CAPITALS— lioensoa proaoLera In
White Deer.
MESSENGERS.
r JOHN TVOLVERTON,
I John Moore.
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1. At U o'clock, the introductory sermon
brolher THOMAS SMCLEY, from Psalm 123: 3-
aa a city tliaC is compact together."
H. Alter a short intermission, b^aa bosi ness trlth prayer. Brother
SUlLEYwua chosen Moderator.aiid brother arai£ 5h«]!ar(l. Uletk
3 Having had satisfactory testimony of his being sound In the
fuith, and in good standing where he resides. Invited brother
NATHANIEL TIBBET to a seat with us.
i. Further Rgraed thata circular letter, already prepared, be referred
to a committee for revision which was done, and it was adopted.
5 A letter from the Board of Managers of the Baptlat General
Convention In the United States, was read. We rejoice in every eflbrt
to dllTuae light among the Heathens; hope to aid It with our prayers,
and soou a^ we oau with our substance.
18 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
[4J
6. The next annua.1 meeting of this Association, is to be at Shamo-
kin Meeting-House, on the Friday before the first Lord's day in Sep-
tember, 1822, at 12 o'clock. Brother Shepard is to preach the
Introductory sermon, and brother OLABK In case of failure. Brother
■WOLVERTON Is to prepare a circular letter.
7. Brother CLARK Is to visit Philadelphia, and brethren Shepard
and Demott the Ablngton Association, with letters from us In order
to open a correspondence with those bodies.
8. Brother SMILEY is to keep our records, and superintend the
printing of our present Minutes.
9. Adjourned till to-morrow morning at 10 o'clock ^when we met
again. Brother WOLVEETON preached ; and, after a short Inter-
mission, brother TIBBET. Closed with the administration of the
Lord's supper.
10. The following Rules of Decorum, and Articles of Faith, were
unanlmousLv adopted by this Association.
EULES.
1. This Association shall be composed of members from the
churches In our union, who shall be duly nominated, by the churches
to which they belong, to represent them In Association, being per-
sons whom they J udge best qualified for that purpose, and, producing
letters from their several churches, shall be entitled to a seat.
2. In the letters from the churches shall be expressed their number
In full fellowship, those baptized, received by letter, dismissed,
excommunicated, and dead, since the last meeting of Association.
S. The members, thus chosen and convened, shall be called the
NORTHUMBERLAND PARTICULAR BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
4. . This Assoelatiou claims no authority or Jurisdiction over the
churches, but acknowledges their Independence, and disclaims any
power to decide controversies which may arise In any particular
church, but will act only as an advisory body.
5. This Association shall have a Moderator, and a Clerk, who shall
be chosen by the suffrages of the members present.
6. New churches shall be admitted Into this Association, who shall
request It by letter and delegates, and, If found orthodox and orderly,
shall be received Into union, manifested by the Moderator's giving
the delegates the right hand of fellowship.
7. Every query presented by any church, shall be once read, and,
before It be debated, the Moderator shall put it to vote, and it shall be
withdrawn or debated as a majority shall determine. All cases to be
determined by a majority of votes.
8. An Association-book shall be provided, and a person appointed
REPRINT OP PmST TEail'S MINUTES.
[6]
wno shall keep a record of wliat is done in isaoeiation, and concnr-
rine; circumstances, for tbe benefit of posterity
9. Tbe meeting of this Association shall be annnallybelil.as to time
Bud plaee, as shall be thought most convenient and advantageouB.
10 Each member, before he speaks, shall ai^ae and address the
11. Any proposition brought fornard and not seconded, shall be
12. No member shall absent himself, in time of business, without
leave from the Moderator; nor indulge auy secret conference which
may lead to disorder.
IS. The appellation Elder, or Brother, shall be used In AsBOClation,
and likewise In our Minutes
14. Each ohurcb sliall contribute towards defrayiug tbe charges of
printing the Minutes.
Articles of FAITH, in a summary way.
1. We believe that there are three who bear record In HEAVEN—
the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost ; and these three are one.
2. We believe that the Scriptuies of the Old and New Testaments
are given by " the Inspiration of God," are protected In their purity
by his providence, and are the only rule of faith and practice,
8 We believe In eternal personal election to hotmess here, and
glory eternal hereafter,
4. We believe In complete and free justification by the imputed
righteousness of Jesus Christ.
5. We believe in the original gnilt and total depravity of mankind,
and their utter inability to recover themselves fiom this state by
their own free-will, moral, or natural ability.
e We believe that a change of heart, or regeneration, Is only
eflteoted by a supernatural power, or irresistible grace of God
7 We believe that Gad's elect shall be called, converted, regener-
ated, and sanctified by the Holy Spirit, shall persevere in grace, and
never fail finally away.
8. We believe Christian baptism to be immersion In water, in the
name of the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, on a profession of repen-
tance toirards God, and faith in our Lord Jesns Christ; and tliat
baptized persons, only, have a right to commonioate or partake of
the Lord's supper,
B. Wo believe that baptism is not rightly performed, unless the
administrator has been immersed himself, and regularly inducted
Into the ministry,
ID. We believe in the resurrection of the dead, and a general
Judgment
20 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATIO.V.
[6]
H. We believe that the Joys of the righteous, and the punishment
of the wicked, will both be eternal.
12. We believe that the first day of the week, or Lord's day, is the
Christian Sabbath, and ought to be kept holy.
13. We believe that it is the duty of those, that profess the religion
of Jesus Christ, to worship God in their families.
14. We believe it to be right for us to promote a friendly disposi-
tion to other Christian denominations, where they profess to believe,
and practice, in many of the greatest points, the same truths with
ourselves.
15. We believe it to be our duty. In the fear of God, to strengthen
each other's hands against impostors and false teachers among our-
selves, and to keep up an unremitted watchfulness in our churches
against all error, and in particular the Armlnian, Socinian, and Hop-
kinsian doctrines, which appear most prevalent in our day.
16. The Baptist Confession of Faith, adopted by the Philadelphia
Association in 1742, we also adopt, as a more full declaration of how
we understand the Scriptures.
Circular Letter.
THB NOETHrMEERIjA.ND PAETIOULAB BAPTIST ASSOCIATION iendetft
love to the brethren, dearly beloved.
We can not but take a retrospective view of what our God has done
for us, not only in calling us individually (as we trust) from the
power of darkness, and translating us into the kingdom of his dear
Son, but also that he has exhibited his goodness to us in this land,
which recently was the habitation of the beasts of the forest, and
men " wild almost as they." Here the Lord has raised a few Gospel
churches ; and those have been permitted, in providence, to meet by
their delegates, and have a comfortable opportunity in deliberating on
things pertaining to the Redeemer's cause, and of uniting with a view
of promoting the good of Zion in this part of creation. Therefore,
we And ourselves under obligations to remind both you and ourselves
of the importance of the opportunity. The Israel of God can never
be hid, (being "a city set ou a hill"); but, more especially, our trans-
actions now will not be hid. Open scoffers at practical godliness,
and those opposed to the precious truths we believe, will view, and
•wait for the halting of this little band. Our dear bretliren, in other
branches of Zlon, will see, and rejoice, if we stand valiant for the
truth. Cominggenerations, if westand fast In the Lord, will, in their
oouflicts with the powers of darkness, be adverting back, and find
renewed slrougth and oonfldence, from what the testimony of a feeble
KEPftINT OP FIRST TEAU'S
[7]
bandwaBpfor eternal truth. In this day and place. But, above all— and
what ougbl to lay ua in BilencBin t&e duat— Is, ttie eyes of JehOTOh are
upon us, even that Sod before wliom the daazllng apirits before bis
tbrone vail tlielr faces
tTnder a lively eeuse, as we trust, of tbese tbings, ne would address
both yon and ourselves with a few words of eucb advice aa we deem
And, first, as the raain spring and welfoce of onr associated body
begins in wbat tbecharcbes ore that compose lt,wo advise our churches
to lay it to heart, that your Qod has placed you as ** the pillar and
ground oftruth," In your ohuroh capacity, and it is his high comman-
ded duty to you, as branches of Zion, to keep the bouse of Qod In
order. We insist the more on this, as we are in doubts tliat the impor-
tance ol it is often not snSclently realized. In our day, tliere is no
persecution to strllie adread on hypocrites, and they offer themselves,
and the wealcness of human nature is such, as to be fond of nnmbers,
and, therefore, not watchful enough. As a remedy, therefore, for evils
of this kind, we entreat you to act witli holy watchfuluces, and, ere
you admit peraons to baptism, let a tliorongh investigation take
place, conceming whether or not that wbat they profess to have
experienced, has taught tbem to believe the doctrine of the Gospel,
and to regard what tlie head of the church has made duty, not only in
the solemn ordinance of baptism, but in prayer, and holy living ;
fijr, If these thlngg are wanting, we may as' well expect "Bga of
thistles," as fbtsuch a character to do honor to bis professioD as a
church member.
Second, have a special regard to whom yon encourage to atand as
watchmen ou tbe walls of Zion. In a special manner, let them be
such OS you have reason to believe are Of holy lives, possessed of the
spirit of wisdom, skilled In tbamysteries of tbe Gospel, vabantfor the
truth,"notgreedy of fllthy lucre," and "apt to teach;" for, under God
much Of the wel^e of Zion depends on the ministry being agreeable
to Scripture
Third, it is of great importance that your deacons be men that well
nnderatand and practice the office, TbeNowTeetament gives us large
directions about this office, with the assurance, that, where It Is well
used, a great boldness in the faith follows as a consec[uence. God has
made It duty, that the ministers of tbe Word give themselves wholly
up to It, and prayer; and, as far as the situation of things will admit,
Itlsttaeindispensibieduty of the deacons, to stir up the church to it,
and obtain donations for the ministry and other charges, which much
promotes love between the pastor and tbepeople of bis charge. Sucli
men,thereIore. brethren, you ought first to prove, and, when found to
have the gift of fuIfiLUng the important ti'uat, let them use the olBce.
22 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
[8]
Again, as it concerns our duty as an Association, experience proves
that the early acts of such a body are often loolced back to in a future
day as precedents. It is therefore highly Incumbent on us to make the
Word of God the man of our counsel; and, if accessions offer to our
number, let us bewatchful to receive only such as are sound in the
ITAITH. How pointed is the Word of God against the fellowshlping of
error ! "A little leaven leaveneth the whole lump," and the repeated
warnings that so much abound in holy writ, in this respect, ought
surely to have weight with us.
Again, we that are ministers of the Gospel stand highly concerned
here. And may the time never come when any of us will be so perfi-
dious as to suppose that a general or indefinite atonement, moral but
not natural depravity, and their appendages, are the same with what
is contained in holy writ and our confession of faith, as the manner
of some is. But let us "contend earnestly for the faith once delivered
to the saints"— never come to a truce with &llen nature— but study to
be examples to the flock in patience, defence of the truth, godly fear,
meekness, and holy living, through Jesus Christ. Amen.
THOMAS SMILEY, Moderator.
SILAS E. SHEPARD, Clerk.
FINIS.
SECOND SESSION. 23
It will be seen that this was " a day of small things."
There was only one visiting lirother {Note K.) But the
careful fathers of the Association satisfied themselves
of his orthodoxy and blameless life before receiving
him — a precaution now too often neglected.
An impressive admonition of the shortness of time,
is conveyed in the fact, that of the sixteen members of
the body at its organization, there is but one survivor,
Silas E. Shepard, now a leading preacher among the
" Disciples," or Campbellites, then a youth under age.
2d Session — Shamoon. 1822.
Introductory sermon by Brother Shepard ; Brother
Smiley, Moderator.
Withont burdening this main sketch with further
details of officers, or the complete increase and de-
crease reported at the several sessions, I insert them
all in a tabular form, at the end of this address, and
notice matters of interest not thus indicated.
The visiting brethren present were Joseph Mathias,
[Note L.) and John S. Jenkins, from Philadelphia,
This first meeting after organization was saddened
by the absence of one of its constituent ministers—
the successor of father Patton — oi whom the Minutes
say, "We unanimously sympathize with our sister
church at Shamokin, and feel partners in her grief, on
account of the decease of her beloved pastor, John
Wolverton, in the past year."
While openmg a free correspondence with Abington
and Philadelphia, this Association declined any fel-
lowship with the old Chemung, in consequence of its
fraternizing with the Susquehanna Association, in and
24 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
north of Wyoming valley. The churches composing
the latter body, had been mostly raised by Elder
Jacob Drake, originally a Separatist, and of Arminian
tendencies. The Susquehanna was soon dissolved,
virtually, by the formation of the Bridgewater Asso-
ciation, 1826. Some of the ministering brethren of
Massachusetts and elsewhere, were attended to — or,
rather, those who sent them here — by correspondence,
on similar but not as well founded apprehensions of
unsoundness.
At most of the Associational sessions, a Circular
Letter was presented, on some important point of
Christian doctrine or duty. Without noticing them
here, their writers and topics are inserted elsewhere in
their order. Many of them are worthy of re-printing.
A Corresponding Letter also was generally prepared,
referring tP the progress and state of the body, and
topics of less permanent moment. The multiplicity
of books and of religious periodicals in our day, has
in a measure obviated the necessity of those publica-
tions in connection with Minutes. .
At this session, in addition to the opening sermon,
we read that "Brother Mathias preached," and, ''busi-
ness closed, preaching atten(^ed to." Also — "Lord's
day : spent in public worship, and, at the instance of
the church we were met with, administered the ordi-
nance of baptism ; ultimately, took an affectionate
leave of each other."
3d Session — White Deer, 1823.
Introductory by Brother Smiley, who was also
Moderator.
TDIRD AND FODRTH SESSIONS. 25
Only nine messengers ; and Elder John Miller (^Nbte
if.) and Win. Clark, visitors from Abington.
The churches were warned against two excluded
ministers, by name.
Foreign Missions. — " The General Circular of the
Board of Managers of the Baptist General Convention
of the United States, was read with pleasure, and we
learning therefrom that sixteen of the natives in
Barmah have been baptized, feel encouraged to say,
' Thy kingdom come,' speedily."
Commendations of the foreign mission work are
too numerous to copy at length. Kroni the outset,
correspondence was sought with the Board, and the
churches and members of the Association, with few
exceptions, have been more or less zealously interested
in the work.
Keeping N'eio Yearns. — "We recommend a public
prayer- meeting to our churches, to commence at 11
o'clock, A.M., January the 1st, 1824." Similar seasons
of special prayer were recommended at subsequent
sessions;
In addition to the introductory sermon, Brother
Shepard preached twice, and Brother Miller four
times — thrice on Lord's day — from which we infer
that this first visit of a representative of the New
Englanders in Pennsylvania, was very acceptable.
■iTH Session— MoEELAND, 1824.
Introductory by Brother Shepard; Brother Smiley,
Moderator.
Ten Epessengers; the faithful Mathias the only visitor
named.
26 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
No notice of any but the opening sermon. Aa
preaching, however, was the principal " business" of
the meetings, we are not to suppose the miaisters
present failed to exercise their gifts.
The churches were warned against three more
impostors.
Correspondence was kept up with the Chemung and
Massachusetts brethren, and more satisfaction, not un-
mingled with anxiety, was expressed.
An emphasized hint appeared that the Minutes
could not be printed without money !
5th Session — Shamokin, 1825.
Introductory by Brother Smiley ; who also served
as Moderator.
This session was signalized by the first addition to
the original three churches. It was the Forks of
Loyalsock, (now " Loyalsock,") with 13 members,
under the pastoral care of Henry Clark. It had been
formed in 1822, with ten members, eight from Little
Muncy Church, and two newly baptized. Its history,
with that of its daughter, Forksville, is in our Minutes
for 1866.
David Bateman, delegate from Philadelphia, preach-
ed twice, and Brother Clark once.
"Brother Smiley is appointed our corresponding
secretary, in room of Silas E. Shepard, resigned."
{Note 0.)
6th Session — Wnfrs Deer, 1826.
Introductory by Brother John Miller; Brother
Smiley, Moderator for the sixth time in succession.
SIXTH SESSION. 27
, Visiting brethren — Mathias from Philadelphia, and
Miiler and Robert Stone from Abiogton.
Brother Eugenio Kincaid first appeared in this Aa-
aociation, as pastor at Shamokin.
Troubles at Little Manoy had calminated in a,
division of the church, and the presentation of two
letters to the Association, After examinatioa, it was
concluded that the letter signed by Nathan Delany
represented those in fellowship with the Association
on its original platform, and they were received as the
church. They reported fourteen (or nearly one-
half their former number) esoluded, among whom tvaa
their late pastor, Silas E. Shepard. The other letter,
signed by the former church clerk, was in disappro-
bation of the Association, They claimed to be a ma-
jority of those present at a meeting when a regular
letter of dismission was granted to Mr, Shepard, as a
Baptist minister in good standing. This letter created
much controversy, and enabled Mr. Shepard to gain
a position, in Bradford county, whereby several of our
churches were divided, the cause sustaining an injury
there from which it suffers to this day. lu this Asso-
ciation, however, the alienation was not of long dura-
tion, and the disaffected mostly returned to our fold.
The churches were again warned against impostors.
Corresponding letters, from 1826, were generally
printed with the Minutes, instead of being written and
seat by mail or delegates, as previoasly.
7th Session — with Madison Church, 1827.
" In consequence of ill health, there was no open-
ing sermon," and no notice of any preaching. Brother
28 NORTIIUMBEELAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
Kincaid, Moderator, was the only pastor present,
Brother Smiley being sick with a fever. No visitor
was named as such, but "Brother Macomber prayed."
The Milton church was received, with Brother Kin-
caid, pastor, and 19 members, six newly baptized, -the
original nine members having been from New York
State, and neighboring churches. The history of this
efficient body is in the Minutes for 1870.
The name of '• Little Muncy" appeared changed to
" Madison."
This session, and that of 1830, were held in the
Presbyterian meeting house in Washington ville, which
was courteously opened for our accommodation.
Correspondence was invited with the Juniata Asso-
ciation, which, however, proved to be an anti-mission
and o mission body, and ere long was dissolved.
8th Session — Shamokin, 1828.
Introductory by Brother Smiley ; Brother Isaac
Wolverton, Moderator.
Brother Smiley the only pastor present, and J. S.
Jenkins, the only visitor. Preaching twice by Smiley,
and thrice by Jenkins.
Eight impostors were advertised. {Note 0.)
" Query, from Loyakock Church. — What shall be
done, or how shall a member be dealt with who has
received a letter and remains within the bounds ol the
church, and will not commune with the church, or put
his letter into any other church ?
" Answer. — We believe the member whose conduct
is as presented in this query, is under the care of the
church from which he received his letter."
An extract from tlie Little Muncy (Madison) churob
record, giving their reasons for excluding Mr. Shep-
ard from their fellowship, was to be inserted ia the
Minutes, but was " reserved for re-consideration, by
request of several brethren," that year. On the re
moastranee of White Deer Church, it appeared in the
Minutes of next year, (1829.) • The reasons are of a
doctrinal character, and will be found in Note P.
9th Session — White Dbbb, 1829.
Introduc.tory by Brother Matliias ; Brother Samuel
Bogers, Moderator.
thamokin reported 27 baptisms — a large accession
in that day.
Brethren Mathias, Higgina and Bowen, were inci-
dentally named as visitors. Preaching three times by
Mathias, twice by Bowen, once by Higgina, and also
" preaching at Uniontown," Saturday evening.
Advised " that no stranger be invited to minister in
holy things, unless he bear with him a recommenda-
tion of recent date, from some regular Baptist Church."
Opened correspondence with Central New Jersey.
Noticed the death of Brother Fleeson of Rox-
borough, and Elder Stephen Gano, of Rhode Island.
[It may be well here to state, as matters of reference
for friends, that, in the winter of this year, Mr. Kincaid
left the field, retaining his membership at Milton. He
set sail for Burmah, the flrst time, from Boston, 2ith
May, 1830. Mrs. Almy Kincaid died at Maulmain,
December 19, 1831. Mr. Kincaid married Barbara
McBain, about 1833. They arrived in America for
30 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
their health, first, 30th April, 1843. He devoted him-
self especially, with Brother Shadrach, to aid in found-
ing the University at Lewisburg. Sailed for Burmah,
second time, 25th July, 1850. Eeturned to America
as bearer of despatches from the King of Siam to the
President of the United States, in July of 1857, and
returned in September of same year. Coming again
to America, he attended this Association in 1868 and
1870. Is now engaged, as strength permits, in the
foreign mission interest.]
10th Session — with Madison Chuech, 1830.
Introductory by Brother Smiley, the only pastor
present, who was again Moderator.
" Brother Higgins, of Philadelphia, now itinerating
in this land," was requested to prepare a circular for
next session.
Two sermons by Smiley, one by Higgins, one by
Bowen, are named^also, "worship in various places
in the vicinity in the evening," — and, on Lord's day,
baptism, the supper, and " parted in love."
Temperance. — " Eesolved to announce, that this As-
sociation regard with lively interest the laudable efforts
now making for the suppression of Intemperance, and
recommend to the members of our churches to abstain
entirely from the use of Ardent Spirits."
Subsequently, all intoxicating liquors were con-
demned in their use, and also their manufacture and
licensed sale, as a drink. Thus, for forty years, with
much unanimity, has this Association, by formal reso-
utions, too numerous to quote, and by various ad-
dresses and sermons, put itself right on the great
31
issue. Outside of the Association, its memhers have
been generally engaged in this Christian and humani-
tarian reformation, {Nole Q.)'
Domestic Missions. — "Agreed that it is expedient
thai, a fund be forthwith raised to defray the current
expenses of this Association, and to be appropriated
to whatever other purposes she in her wisdom may
direct." A subscription was opened, James Moore
appointed Treasurer, and a Solicitor designated for
each of the churches.
Thaiiks for past Aid. — "Whereas, the churches con-
nected with this Association have received a consider-
able amount of ministerial services from the missioa-
ariesofthe Pennsylvania Baptist Association, through
whose instrumentality much good has been realized
Therefore, Resolved, that we duly appreciate the
labors of the missionaries, and whilst we would ex-
press our gratitude to the Society for their benevo-
lence in sustaining them, we would respectfully yet
earnestly solicit their continuance."
Indeed, the history of the Association, or rather of
its several churches, is a record of effective domestic
missions, in a more or less distinctively organized
form for that end.
Brethren Smiley and Higgins were appointed dele-
gates to the meeting in Milesburg, in November, in-
tended to consolidate the denomination, in the State,
for more united and vigorous efforts in the common
cause.
The Corresponding Letter of this year says : " The
utmost cordiality has marked our present
»J NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
nothing of an unpleasant nature having occurred ;"
and then adds what, in view of the coming eventful
years, now reads like a prophecy —
' We unhesitatingly affirm — the harvest is gkbat,
but the laborers are few."
At the close of the first decade, or ten years' exist-
ence of the Association, there is apparent an increase
of churches from three to five, and of members from 124
to 172 — a gain of forty -eight (48) only, of which 26
were by baptisms this year, every church having re-
ceived additioqs of from 2 to 11 each. It was a plant-
ing rather than a reaping period. Good seed had been
patiently sown, and intense denominational misconcep-
tions, against the little handful of scattered Baptists,
were passing away in many quarters.
SECOND DECADE.
A REVIVAL ERA— OVER SEVEN HUNDRED
BAPTISMS.
llTH Session— Shamokin, 1831.
Introductorj bj Brother Smiley ; Brother Zophar
X). Pasco, Moderator.
Clinton church, located in Black Hole valley, (see
page 11,) was received, with Beajamia Bear and
Nathan Delany as delegates, repo^tiog 15 members,
mosbly newly baptized. Its history is in our Minutes
for 1869.
Each of the sis churches reported baptisms — 41 in
all.
George Spratt, pastor, and George M, Spratt, Jr., a.
licimtiate, and George Higgins, pastor at Milton, first
appeared among the messengers — a goodly addition
to the "laborers" prayed for.
No visitors are named until the arrival of brethren
John L. Dagg and Joseph H, Kennard, from Phila-
delphia, who preached on Lord's day, and took a col-
lection of $20 for the mission fund.
Preaching, also, on two successive evenings, in
" sundry places in the vicinity," at "candle lighting"
34 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
— perhaps ten or a dozen sermons in all — so ready
were the people to hear and the ministers to preach.
The Association became auxiliary to the newly or-
ganized State mission society, and appointed two
brethren in every church to solicit for its funds.
As this year occurs the first account of contribu-
tions, raised under the previous year's resolutions, I
quote the record :
"A committee we had appointed to examine the
account of our Treasurer, Brother James Moore^
report as follows :
Eeceived of Zophar D. Pasco, Shamokin, $12 00
John Lewis, White Deer, . 5 00
" fcam'l Eoger^, Forks of Loyalsock, 3 00
" Joseph Moore, Milton, . . 21 00
" Benjamin Bear, Clinton, . . 5 00
$48 00
" We have examined»the above account, and find it
correct.
" Benjamin Bear, ") ^ .,, „
"Isaac WoLVEKTON, P"'^'"*"^^-
In answer to a query from Shamokin church, it was
again advised that no members be considered as dis-
missed until notice be received of their reception by
some other church.
12th Session — Milton, 1832.
Introductory by Brother Spratt, Sr.; Brother James
Moore, Sr., Moderator.
Eeceived the Jersey Shore church, with 34 members,
by Robert MoMasters and Benjamin Tomb, their mes-
TWELFTH SEBSIOS. 85
sengers. They had organized in 1827, with 18 mem-
bers, mostly baptized in the village and along the
lower portion of Pine creek. The history of thig
vigorous church is in our Minutes for 1863.
Hezekiah West, from Chemung, the only visitor
named,
Preaching thrice by Spratt, Sr., thrice by West, twice
b^ Higgins, and once by Spratt, Jr. — ten aorraous in
ail.
Death of Father Smiley, — " It is with regret we men-
tion the afflictive dispensation of divine Providence, in
removing by death, since our last anniversary, our
brother, Elder Thomas Smiley, long an active and
useful member in our body," He had attended all
the Asaociational meetings save one.
Literary Institution. — These seven feeble churches,
nambering 267 members in the aggregate, had the
fetith and the foresight to pass this vote :
" Keaolved, That the exigencies of our denomina-
tion require that an effort be made to establish a
Manual Labor Academy, in the interior of this com-
monwealth, for the education of our sons, and to fur-
nish faciUtiea for literary and theological improvement
to brethren who may have been approbated to preach."
In this connection, it may be well to notice, we have
the germ of the University at Lewisburg, The seed
was planted thirty-eight years ago. It was kept from
springing up, however, by a more powerful and pro-
mising effort, in another quarter, as appears by the
following resolution, passed by this Association in
1834, and again in 1835, viz :
36 NORTIIDMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
" Resolved, That we view the exertions of the Phi-
ladelphia Baptist Association, in the establishment of
the Haddington Literary and Theological Institution,
with deep interest, and feel highly gratified in hearing
of its present flourishing prospects."
Butthe Haddington institution was of short duration.
To the Seminary at Hamilton, now called "Madi-
son University," members of this Association gave nO
inconsiderable patronage for many years, and received
its students into their fttmilles and pulpits often with
mutual advantage.
The revival of the project for promoting education
within our bounds, will come into notice hereafter.
The collectors from the several churches reported
something from every church, amounting to $139 34,
which was ordered to be wholly paid over to the
parent society, " and other funds raised to defray the
expenses of the Association."
13th Session — White Deek, 1833.
Introductory by Brother J. G. CoUom ; Brother
Samuel Rogers, Moderator.
Milton reported 23 baptisms, all the other churches
a few — total during the year, 39.
Elders Jonathan G. Oollom from Philadelphia, and
Thomas B. Brown, from Centre, and Deacon Sheldon
Norton, from Abington, visitors.
Two sermons from Brother Brown, two from Brother
Collom, and one from Brother Spratt, Sr.
Five churches, and a collection, made up $144: for
the Mission fund.
For the first time, one church (Loyalsock) failed
POURTEENTEI SESSION. 37
o£ a representation in Association, and a committee of
three waa at ouoe appointed to inquire into their state.
This friendly watchcare has been common from tbat
time, and visitations from ministering and other breth-
ren, with or without special appointment, have often
proved of great value in. enconraging weak or dis-
tracted churches.
Samuel Rogers waa appointed to procure and pre-
serve the records of the Association, and present a
copy of all tlie printed Minutes at each session.
Prolracted Meetings. — " Resolved, That in the judg-
ment of this Association, protracted meetings have
heen, under the blessing of God, the means of contri.
bating largely to the prosperity of our 2ion, and that
we recommend the same to the churches composing
this body."
14th Session — Clinton, 1834.
Introductory by Brother Enoch M, Barker; Brother
Rogers re-elected Moderator.
The' SIX churches represented, al! had baptisms to
report — Madison having the largest number, (25),
White Deer and Clinton 17 each, &o.
Two letters appeared from Shamokin— one, signed
by Isaac Wolverton as clerk, reporting one excluded,
the Association received as representing the regular
church. The other, signed by Zophar D. Pasco, re-
ported 29 excluded, (which waa done in an irregular
manner.) Those not fellowshiped by the Association,
formed an "Old School" organization, which existed
a few years in correspondence with the 0. S. Chemung
Association, and then ceased to exist by the death or
38 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
removal of some of its members, and the return of a
portion to the regular church, from which 22 were
formally excluded in 1835.
Brethren E. M. Barker and Joseph Miles appeared
as visitors, and fathers Thomas E. Thomas and
Richard Proudfoot {Note N) as delegates from the
newly formed Center Association, on the ground of the
old Juniata.
Thomas B. Brown and A. B. Winchell, (ordained
ministers,) were returned from Milton Church, and
George Higgins from Shamokinand Madison churches.
The Christian Gazette, of Philadelphia, was recom-
mended for general circulation. On various occasions,
the Association has urged upon families the import-
ance and benefits of receiving regular visits from re-
ligious journals.
Six churches reported $111 83 for the Mission fund.
A State Convention for Missionary purposes, was
recommended.
Instead of a circular letter. Brethren T. B. Brown
and Wm. Thomas were appointed to prepare a Narra-
tive of Religion within the several churches. It
notices at length a meeting of four days in White
Deer, under the charge of Elders Tucker, Brown and
Higgins, aided by " lay brethren from abroad, especi-
ally by those from the Milesburg Church." Madison
Church had erected a meeting-house in Derry, and
Brother William S. Hall's labors were noticed in con-
nection with a protracted meeting of that church in
June. Jersey Shore had dismissed 15 members to
form the Warren Church, on Pine creek — beyond our
riPTEENTH SESSION. 3»
Associational bounds — and was blessed in the labors
of Brother Higgios once in four weeks.
In 1834, 1835, and some subaequeot sessions, only
the opening sermon is noticed in the Minutes.
15th Sessioh" — WITH Madison Oh., at Dekiiy,1835.
Introductory by Brother Eiggina, who was also
Moderator.
All theserenchurches reported baptisms — Madison
22, Shamokin 8, &c. — total, 51.
Visitors— Elders B. M. Barker, of Reading, and
Samuel Wilson, of Harrisburg.
The word "Particular" disappeared from the Asso-
ciational name.
A committee was appointed to revise the constitu-
tion and articles of faith, and report at nest session.
Special Efforts. — " Eesolved, That protracted meet-
ings be held within the bounds of this Association,
once in three months, and that the churches be re-
quested to give up their ministers on such occasions."
Shamokin, White Deer, Loyalsock and Jersey Shore,
were designated as the places to hold these quarterly
revival efforts.
Four churches reported $57 for Missions.
Brother Higgins, at Jersey Shore, was designated
as Corresponding Secretary of the Association, and
the names and P. 0. of the several church clerks were
also inserted in the Minutes.
40 northumberland baptist association.
16th Session — Jersey Shore, 1836.
Introductory by Brother Thomas B. Brown, and
Brother Higgins re elected Moderator.
Six of the seven churches reported 75 baptisms —
Madison 23, Shamokin 21, Jersey Shore 16, &c.
Brother Foster, of Philadelphia, accepted an invi-
tation to a seat.
Eivised constitution, adopted ; articles of faith,
deferred, (and, in 1837, committee on the subject
dismissed.)
Benevolent contributions were reported as follows :
Bibles, $7 25 ; Ministerial Education, $53 87 ; Do-
mestic Missions, 134 31 ; Foreign Missions, (includ-
ing a collection of $20,) $48 98; Sunday Schools,
$8 25 ; Tracts, $11 50— total, $164 15.
Committees of three each, on Domestic Missions, on
Ministerial Education, on Foreign Missions and Ame-
rican and Foreign Bible Society, and on Sunday
Schools and Tracts, were appointed, " to take charge
of all funds given" in their favor, "make disburse-
ments of the same as may be deemed necessary, and
make report at the next session." This custom was
continued for some years.
Protracted meetings were appointed at Madison,
Loyalsock, Clinton and Shamokin.
17th Session — Shamokin, 1837.
Introductory by Brother Higgins, who also served
as Moderator the third time.
Each of the seven churches reported baptisms, from
2 to 21 each — 48 in all, of which Madison returned 21.
t^l.g', ElflHTEENTH SESSIOW, 41
Elders Bfiafe-Going and Levi G. Beck, and Brother
E. Young, visitors.
Approbated tlje formation of tlie Pennsylvania
Baptist State Convention, and of the American and
Foreign Bible Society, its " field of operation to be
the world." The Association became auxiliary, and
appointed delegates to each organization.
Opened correspondence with the Bradford Associ-
ation, then recently formed on the ground of the
former " Chemung," which, by name, fell into the Old
School ranks.
Contributions for four objects of benevolence—
$109 71.
One thousand copies of the Circular and Protest of
1833, were ordered printed. The circular of that year
was a faithful, learned and spirited protest against
infant sprinkling ; that of 1837, against sj^inkUng ;
and that of 1838, upon the Baptismal Question in
general. They were all from the pen of Brother
Higgina ; were timely and efBcient papers in their
day ; and would bear re-publication.
18th Session — Milton, 1838.
Introductory by Brother George M. Spratt ; Brother
Daniel 0. "Wait, Moderator,
Bald Eagh Church, now (Lock Haven,) was re-
ceived, with 21 members, and George Higgins, pastor.
Historical sketches of this church, and of most of
the others subsequently received, will be fonod in the
Minutes of 1867, 1868, 1869.
A rich harvest of 139 baptisms was reported, of
which 41 were in Shamokin, 33 in Milton, 28 in
42 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
Jersey Shore, 11 eacli in White Deer and Clinton, 8
in Madison, and 7 in Bald Eagle.
" Brother Nice" incidentally named as present.
Ministerial. — "Whereas, we labor under great in-
convenience from a deficiency in ministerial aid, and
believing this evil may be traced to the criminal neg-
ligence of the churches ; Therefore,
"Eesoved 1. That we affectionately urge on the
brethren of the different churches to encourage those
of their number possessed of ministerial talent.
"2. That we pledge ourselves to use our influence
to raise in the bounds of the several churches during
the current year, the sum of five hundred dollars, in
aid of this object."
One from each church was appointed to collect the
sura named.
Total reported for benevolence, $154 63.
19th Session — "White Deer, 1839.
Introductory by Brother George Higgins; Brother
George M. Spratt, Moderator.
Bush Church, (from old Shamokin,) was received —
George M. Spratt, pastor, and 79 members.
Of the 84 baptisms, 28 were in Madison, 21 in
Shamokin, &c.
Visiting brethren — William Shadrach of Philadel-
phia, and Emerson Andrews, of Rome, N. Y.
Opened correspondence with Bridgewater Associa-
tion.
Two ministerial beneficiaries of the Association were
announced, and last year's resolution on ministerial
education was re published. Only $209 of the '$500
TWENTIETH eESSION, 43
proposed, was reported as raised, and a sum total for
benevolence of $305 45.
Elaborate reports were made on Domestic Missions,
and on Sunday Scbools and Tracts, by committees
appointed on tbose objects. They combine arguments
and facts, generally of current but ofben of lasting
interest. It would be agreeable to copy some of the
reports, on these and other topics, in this and subse-
quent years. But it would be difficult to make selec-
tions, and only a re-priat of all the Minutes would be
completely satisfactory to mark the growing interest
in various plans for advancing the cause.
The Baptist Greneral Tract Society {now Publication
and Bible Society,) was cordially commended — a
local depository was called for — and a report of Snu-, ,
day School statistics was urged upon the several
churches.
20th Session — Clinton, 1840.
Introductory by Brother Wait; Brother Charles
Tucker, Moderator.
MinersviUe Church was received, with 12 members,
and Edward Holt, church clerk.
Nine of the ten churches were represented, and each
of the nine reported baptisms, to the large number of
173— of which 49 were in White Deer, 35 in Clinton,
31 in Milton, 20 in Jersey Shore, 18 in Eush, &c.
Elder William B. Bingham, visiting brother.
Collins A. Hewett^ appeared as pastor of Milton
Church ; William S. Hall, of White Deer; and Charles
Tucker, of Jersejf Shore — a great accession to the
ministerial ranks.
44 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
By request of the White Deer Church, Henry
Billings, a student from Hamilton, was ordained
during the session.
Adam Baush and Jesse B. Saxton had been study-
ing at Hamilton, under the patronage of the Associa-
tion, and $210 65 had been subscribed for their sup-
port. It was also stated that
" The Hamilton Literary and Theological Institu-
tion has peculiar claims on our benevolence, from the
fact that the ministry of our Association, with a single
exception, have received essential aid in the work of
the ministry."
"Resolved, That any member of this body, "who
may be present at the session of any Association with
which we correspond, shall be our delegate, provided
he present a copy of our Minutes containing his
name."
"Resolved, That we affectionately urge on our
churches the observance of the Monthly Concert for
foreign missions, and that collections be taken at each
meeting in aid of that object."
The Sabpath. — " In view of the awful desecration of
the Sabbath day by the running of stages, steam-
boats, canal boats, railroad cars, and other public con-
veyances, and also visiting, riding and walking for
recreation and pleasure : Therefore Resolved, That
we as Christians will use our efforts to discountenance
the same both by precept and example." This and'
similar resolutions were repeatedly njoved and adopted.
A Missionary's Son. — "Resolved, That Brethren
Hall and Hewett, in connection with the Correspond-
TWENTIETH SESSION. 45
ing Secretary, (G. M, Spratt,) be instructed to write to
Brother Kincaid, of Barmah, also, liia son, on the pro-
priety of assuming as an Association the education of
his son, and, if agreeable to the feelings of Brother Kin-
caid and hia son, that said committee carry the meas-
ure into effect." (The lad was a son of Brother Kia-
caid by his first wife, and died not long afterwards.)
" Eesolved, That the standing rule which requires
that no title bat Brother or Elder be given to Minis-
ters, be rescinded."
"Resolved, That we recommend the churches to
give up their pastors twice a year to labor in destitute
sections, and also that the ministers be urged to attend
to such destitution."
Contributions for three ohjecis named — $134. 06.
At the close of the second decade, truly it might
be said, "What hath God wrought!" Under the
labors of most devoted men, and with the prayers and
co-operation of godly women, -He had increased the
number of baptized believers from 172 to 850, en-
larged their intercourse, and given them favor with
very many. It was perhaps, in proportion to num-
bers, the most fruitful period in our Associatioual
history.
THIRD DECADE.
CONTINUED ENLARGEMENT— UNIVERSITY AT
LEWISBURG.
21sT Session — Madison, (at Dbret) 1841.
Introductory by Brother Collins' A. Hewett ; Bro-
ther Wait, Moderator.
From this point, we omit the names of the more
numerous corresponding messengers and visiting bre-
thren, and of the sermons preached, excepting as they
incidentally appear, and in the annexed tables. With
the improvement of the means of travel, visiting had
become comparatively an easy matter ; many of the
visitors took- a less active part, or no part, in the pro-
ceedings; and some of the clerks kept very incom-
plete records, if any, of their attendance.
At this opening of the third decade, two new
churches were admitted — the Muncy, with J. Green
Miles, pastor, and 28 members; and Union (now
Watsontown,) with William S. Hall, pastor, and 21
members.
White Deer reported 23 baptisms, Clinton and
Jersey Shore each 14, and all the others, save Union,
a few — the whole number being 82,
TWSSTY-SECOND SESSION. ^^
The. Association became auxiliary to the Pennsyl-
vania Baptist Education Society, whicli has from that
time been warmly cherished by this Association, and
received, in return, many favors from its fostering
hand.
Collecting Agents. — ^Brother William Shadrach, agent
of the State Convention, was cordially received, and
recommended to the churches, for his work's sake.
This is the first we notice of collecting agents at these
annual meetings. Their number increased, and in
1846 the Association thought it expedient to pass the
following :
"Resolved, That we have ever welcomed, and shall
continue to welcome the visits and appeals of the
agents of our several benevolent organizations at the
meetings of our association ; but would, at the same
time, respectfully suggest to the bodies by whom
these agents are sent out, the propriety of directing
them to limit their efforts to the individual churches,
believing that, by such a course, a much larger
amount would be secured than by the present mode
of operation."
Opened correspondence with Central Union Asso-
ciation.
Contributions, blank — but reported next year, at
$251 18.
Animated reports in favor of benevolent operations,
were adopted.
22d Session — Jersey Shorb, 1842.
Introductory by Brother William S. Hall ; Brother
Tucker, Moderator.
N'orthumberland Church, with C A. Hewett, pastor,
and 41 members, was received.
48 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIbT ASSOCIATION.
All the churches excepting Shamokin, were repre-
sented, and eleven of the twelve reported baptisms —
Jersey Shore 58, Milton 42, Muncy 40, Madison 37,
Bald Eagle 19, &c. — the aggregate being the large
number of 242.
Contributions reported or subscribed, $356 87, in
addition to $780 paid by Milton for meeting-houses
on missionary grounds.
Instead of a Circular Letter, a Digest of Letters was
published, from which we learn that Brother Hall of
White Deer, was trying to raise the standard in Wil-
liamsport; that Sunday schools were receiving special
attention; and that Brother Tyler of Minersville, was
extending half his time to Pottsville.
Change of Time of Meeting. — For twenty-two sessions,
excepting the first, the Association had convened on
Fridays, generally protracting its sessions over to the
Lord's day, to the manifest advantage of the churches
entertaining the messengers. The growth of the body,
however, made it more difficult to provide accommo-
dations for so long a period, and there was need of
the preachers at their respective homes on the Lord's
day. These reasons caused a change of the time, this
year, to the middle of the week. Since 1842, the
sessions have generally commenced on Wednesdays.
23d Session — Rush, 1843.
Introductory by Brother Tucker ; Brother Hewett,
Moderator.
The following three new churches were added, viz :
Sunbury, with J. E. "Worrell, pastor, and 111 mem.-
TWENTY-THIRD SESSION, 49
bera ; Danville, with Jolia S. Miller, pastor elect, and
69 membera; and Berwick, with William S. Hall,
pastor, and 72 members.
This session was distinguished as recording the
greatest numerical progress of any in the history of
the Association, All the churches, save Loyalaock,
reported additions, by baptism as follows : Sunbnry
98, Berwick 69, Madison 62, Bald Eagle 38, Eush
33, Shamokin 29, Jersey Shore 28, Muocy 25, Nor-
thumberland 22, White Dser 18, Milton 10, Union 4,
Clinton 1, Minersville 1 — total, 438. Some at Danville
(in addition to the above) are not reported, but are
included in the number of members when the church
was received.
" In view of the special outpouring of the Spirit of
God upon the churches of this Association during the
year," it was "Resolved, that we recommend the first
day of January, 184-1, as a day of thanksgiving and
prayer, by the churches of the Association."
Brethren Tucker, Hewett and Hall were appointed
a committee to furnish a history of the Baptist cause
in this region, for Benedict's forthcoming work; also
voted that every church be requested to give its own
history, next year.
A revision of the constitution and by-laws, and the
preparation of a confession of faith and church cove-
nant, were submitted to a committee.
The appointment of an Evangelist to labor within
our bounds, was also recommended, but the means for
carrying out the purpose is not designated.
By request of the Danville Church, the Association
resolved itself into a council, and ordained John S.
5
50 NORTHUMBlEIiAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
Miller to the Gospel ministry, and to the pastoral
charge of said church.
Contributions reported, $210 39 — also a collection
of $12, and pledges of life membership in the State
Convention to the amount of $330.
24th Session — Muncy, 1844.
Introductory by Brother John S. Miller ; Brother
Kincaid, Moderator.
Two new churches were receiyed — Augusta, with
John H. Worrell, pastor, and 40 members ; and Lewis-
hurg, with C. A. Hewett, pastor, and 30 members.
Baptisms reported, 195 — Berwick returning 35, Dan-
ville 32, Rush 22, Jersey Shore 21, &c.
Brother Kincaid, late from Burmah, re-appeared as
a messenger from Milton Church.
Benevolent contributions, $548 73 ; also $15 37,
and fifteen life members, for State Convention. Ee-
ported for Sunday schools, $83 77.
Most of the churches presented sketches of their
history, or their present condition.
The articles of faith and covenant, prepared by
Brother J. Newton Brown for the Religious Encyclo-
pedia, were recommended to the churches for their
consideration, by the committee appointed the previ-
ous year.
Opened correspondence with Wyoming Association.
25th Session— Shamokin, 1845.
Introductory by Brother Joel E. Bradley ; Brother
Joseph Moore, Moderator.
TWENTY-FIFTH SESSION. 51
There were 110 baptisms reported — 39 in Rush, 23
in DaaviUe, 18 in Shatnokin, &c,
The Southern B iptists had seceded from the Amer-
ican Baptist foreign missionary organizatioa, but the
Association unanimously resolved to sustain the old
convention and the " Old Board."
A comcnittee to revise the constitution and by-laws,
raised previously, not being ready to report, was
discharged.
Contributions reported, $527 54, and collections
amounting to $70 3i, additional.
Education. — At this session, a committee " earnestly
recommended to the Association the adoption of meas-
ures for the establishment of a literary and theological
institution in this State," Brethren Charles Tucker,
William H. Ludwig, Joel E. Bradley, J. Green Miles,
and James Moore, Sr., were appointed to report upon
such an institution, " in central Pennsylvania," Dr,
Ludwig, as chairman of the committee, reported, at
the aame session, that "they highly approve of the
establishment of a literary institution, of a high order,
in the interior of our State" — ^" embracing a high
school for male pupils, another for females, a college,
and also a theological institution, to be under the in-
fluence of the Baptist denomination."
The subsequent expregsions of good will and of
material aid, by this Association, to the several de-
partments of the University at Lewisburg, scattered
through the latter half of its Minutes, cannot here be
recapitulated. {N'ote S.)
52 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
Slavery. — For eighteen liandred years, Baptists have
been foremost in defence of civil as well as of religious
liberty as the right of all mankind. {Note T.)
The first recorded expression against slavery, made
in this Association, was by a letter from the Sunbury
church, in 1845, wherein they " pray that the time
may soon come when Baptists and others may fiee the
crime of holding property in their fellow men." Ten
years afterwards, the question received more definite
attention, (see 1855.)
26th Session — Madison, 1846.
Introductory by Brother John Edminster; Brother
William H. Ludwig, Moderator.
Derry and Moreland churches, under the "bishop-
ric" of William S. Hall, were received. They were
raised by an amicable division of Madison, Derry (now
Turbutville) reporting 85^and Moreland 102 members.
A revival had progressed in Madison before its di-
vision, so that it had 50 baptisms to report, Berry had
22, Lock Haven 13, &c.— 135 in all.
Ill the Minutes of this year, all the pastors were
designated as "Bishops," excepting "Rev. Charles
Tucker," of Jersey Shore.
Four meetings of the Ministerial Conference. were
appointed, this year and in 1847, when they seem to
have been discontinued for a season.
Milton and Lewisburg Church letters stated that
they had established a book depository, and sustained
a colporteur.
The new Christian Chronicle was specially com-
mended.
TWBNTY-EIQHTH SBSSIOK. 53
The comniencemeat of the High Scliool, preparatory
to the University at Lewisburg, under Prof. Stephen
W. Taylor, assisted by his soe Alfi*ed Taylor, waa
announced. Tiie time fixed upon was October 5,
1846, when the school was opened, in the basement
rooms of the brick Baptist meeting house.
Brother Bradley presented a copy of the preceding
Mmutes of this Association, and several of the old
Chemung, (the latter preserved by Father Smiley,) for
the use of the Association,
Contributions, (not footed up in the Minutes,) about
$720.
27th Session" — White Deer, 1847.
Introductory by Brother Albert A. Anderson ; Bro-
ther Kincaid, Moderator.
The letters this year indicated little progress, there
having been but 71 baptisms, of which Lock Haven
reported 32,
The usual reports of committees, and digests of
letters, were made, but nothing especially new or im-
portant was devised.
Resolved, that the Clerk of this Association be re-
quested to forward copies of our Minutes to all the
Associations in this State, New Jersey and Delaware,
and request a copy of theirs in return.
Contributions reported, about $322.
28th SESSioiir — Mobeland, 1848.
Introductory by Brother Worrell ; Brother Hall,
Moderator.
51
NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
Jersey Shore reported 38 baptisms, Danville 22^
Eush 16, &o.— in all, 102.
" Eesolved, in view of the low state of Zion, and
the want of more spirituality in the churches, and the
importance of the conversion of souls, that the churches
composing this Association be advised to set apart
during th^ ensuing Associational year, a season for
special effort."
Since the session of 1839, Sunday school statistics
from the churches had been repeatedly called for, and
this year some appeared in tabular form, in the
Minutes, as follows :
Churches.
Schools.
Teachers.
Scholars.
Books.
Raised
for B. S.
3
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
. 1
2
1
11
10
"i'i
"13"
8
14
20
86
70
50
100
45
50
175
4.5
"235
200
"613
285
"300
144
$5 00
5 00
10 00
Milton
Clinton
Jersey Shore
Rush
27 00
5 00
Muncy .!
Danville
Berwick
IjCwisburg
Derry ....'.
3 00
14
95
681
1766
$55 00
There were perhaps other schools then in full or
partial operation, but were not returned. Similar
statistics were inserted in our Minutes from this year
until the formation of the Sunday School Union in
1861, since which time they appear in the records of
that body.
Contributions reported, $1,014 93.
thirtieth session. 55
29th Session — Jersey. Shore, 1849.
iDtroductory by Brother William T. Bunker; Bro-
ther Worrell, Moderator.
Two new churelies were received — Eughsville, {now
Wolf Township,) with A. R. Spront and Amos Bur-
rows, messengers, and 27 members ; and Young-
loomaristozon, with J, Green Miles, pastor, and 16 mem-
bers, on the Lock Haven field.
White Deer reported 33 baptisms, Jersey Shore 18,
Derry 14, &;c.
The Constitution was printed, and a committee ap-
pointed for its revision, to report next year.
Contributions, (not footed up,) about $400.
Williarasport and New Berlin as missionary fields,
and a Bible Society at Lewisbnrg, auxiliary to the'
A. &. F. Bible Society, were recommended, and one in
each church designated to raise funds for the two
fields named.
Lewisburg Church letter said they " have lost two
of their most pious, active and liberal members, and
feel an irreparable loss, by the death of Dr. William
H. Ludwig and Brother John Budd,"
30th Session— Danville, 1850.
Introductory by Brother J. Green Miles ; who also
served as Moderator.
A pleasant accession of 193 by baptism was re-
ported — 46 in Shamokin, 36 in Lewisburg, 35 in
Eush, &c.
The amended constitution and by-laws were pub-
lished.
56 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
A committee was appointed to publish a Manual of
the Association, or reprint of its Minutes fof thirty
years. Like some other Resolutions of the Baptists,
it is not to be found among their Acts.
Contributions, (not footed up,) about $605.
The close of the third decade shows the number of
members had almost doubled within ten years, it
being increased from 850 to 1675, .chiefly through the
addition of 1668 by baptism, (or 166 per year ;) the
churches had increased from 10 to 22 ; the liberality
of the members had been cultivated with encouraging
results ; and the foundation had been laid for an hon-
orable and useful institution of learning, with a pre-
liminary endowment of a hundred thousand dollars,
largely under the influence of this Association.
FOURTH DECADE.
progress of the university — twelve
hundred baptisms.
31st Session — Berry, 1851.
Introductory by Brother George W.Young ; Brother
Bunker, Moderator.
Augusta reported 17 baptisms, Milton 15, Berwick
12, &e.— total, 97.
Toted that " No person sliall apeak more than twice
on the same subject wiihout the assent of the Asso-
ciation."
Contributions reported, $1,00$ 94, and $300 in life
membership.? to the State Convention.
A table of corresponding bodies appeared in the
Minutes.
Derry noticed the death of their esteemed senior
deacon, David Dye, and Mary A.Marshall; Lewis-
burg, an active young brother, Isaac G Lawshe, and
father John Steaos; and Union, their aged Brother
John Oyster.
32d Session — Berwick, 1852.
Introductory by Brother Edmund W. Dickinson ;
Brother Andrew J, Collins, Moderator.
58 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
The goodly addition of 224 baptized believers was
welcomed, from 17 of the 23 churches— 48 in Berwick,
46 in Jersey Shore, 24 in Hughsville, 20 in Shamo
kin and Muncy, each, &c.
A summary history of the Association, in tabular
form, first appeared in the Minutes.
Contributions reported, $1,198 25— also $1,070 to
Hamilton, from the Milton church— total, $2,268 25.
And also $200, in life memberships, pledged to the
State Convention.
33d Session — Milton, 1853.
Introductory by Brother Collins ; Brother Malcom,
Moderator.
M^Ewensville church received, with 20 members;
Robert Lowry, supply.
Berwick reported 38 baptisms, Lewisburg 85, Dan-
ville 19, &c.— total, 145.
Voted that Special Committees be appointed to in-
quire into the expediency of attempting the establish-
ment of permanent Baptist interests in Williamsport
and Selinsgrove, and also to correspond with brethren
who may be adapted to the field as Missionaries, and
also with the Board of our State Convention.
The Committee to report items of interest from the
Church Letters, reported —
We find but two items demanding the attention of
this body.
The first, is from the Sanbury church, couched in
the following language :
" Query — If the churches set in order by the Apos-
tles, were accustomed, on jevery Lord's day, to eat the
Lord's supper, should their example bind churches
THIBTy-THIRD fESSION, 59
in thia day to ijo so too ? and if not, by wiose authority
is the change made ?"
Second — A request, from the Brier Creek church,'
that the Association appoint a Committee to report
next year on the Bible Union.
Report accepted, and Committee discharged. Bre-
thren Bliss and Malcom were appointed to report
on the JiTst query at our next annual meeting. The
second request was disagreed to.
The report on Weekly Communion, made the year
following, was adopted, as follows :
It has ever been the firm and sacred principlfe of
Baptists, to be governed in no degree by tradition or
usage ; but by the written Word of God. Not always
is duty or doctrine there taught hy express precept,
hut sometimeB is the obvious result of clear prinoiplea
applied to divers caaea. In all eases where a precept
is expressly given, we abide by it, with literal exact-
ness.
In the case of the Lord's supper, we have express
oommand for its observance, but none for the degrte of
frequency. *****
Three pointa are involved in the question: 1st,
whether the churches set in order by the Apostles
observed the Lord's supper every Sunday, and no
oftener ; 2d, whether Apostolic example in this case is
binding; and 8d, if not, by^vhose authority has the
frequency of observing this ordinance been decided,
or a " change made."
As to the^rs( point, our opinion is that it is clear
that the ApustoHc churches did observe the Lord's
supper every Sunday ; but it is not certain that they
did not observe it every day.
As to the second, we think Apostolic example is
not binding, but the injunctions and principles laid
down by Christ kimielf. To make the acts of Apostles
60 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
binding, might require us to circumcise, now and then
a young minister, as in the case of Timothy ; or to
shave our heads and take a vow, as Paul did.
As to the third point, our answer is, there is no
authority at all for the frequency, except the general
principle involved in the ordinance itself, and that it
be done " often." To make it very seldom, would be
to abolish, to a great extent, the object of the institu-
tion. To observe it every Sunday would, in the opin-
ion of many, greatly impair its solemnity and useful-
ness.
We believe that there is nothing censurable or un-
becoming in brethren who hold to weekly communion,
but that there is no requirement in the New Testament
that it should be weekly. The question should be
left for each church to decide for itself, and differen-
ces on this point should be no bar to communion.
We hope our brevity will not seem disrespectful to
the querists, as the limits assigned us allow no ex-
tended discussion. Howard Malcom, Ch'n.
Contributions reported, $1,120 59.
34th Session — Lewisbubg, 1^5i.
Introductory by Brother Essick ; Brother James
Moore, Jr., Moderator.
The Church at Laporte (now Laporte and Eagles-
mere) was received, wiA Nathan Callender, pastor,
and twelve members, originally from the Bridgewater
church (at Montrose).
Jersey Shore reported 40 baptisms, Danville 31,
White Deer 11, Derry 10, &o.— in all, 126.
This session following the day of the annual Com-
mencement of the University at Lewisburg, the large
number of forty visiting and corresponding brethren
was enrolled. Among them it will not be deemed
THIRTY- riPTH SESSION. 61
invidious to name those fathers ia the ministry, Davis
Dimock of Montrose, and William Frear of Eaton,
Wyoming county.
The establishment of a standard at WilHamsport
was inaugurated by appointing a committee to engage
a suitable preacher, and securing $200 annually for
two years towards his support.
The only deaths specially mentioned were those of
Brother Isaac HuU of Rush and Sister Eloiaa Johnson
of Muncy.
Contributions reported, $1,274 50.
35th Session — with White Deer Church, 1855.
Met in the new meeting house of the out-station at
Elimsport. Introductory by Brother Geo. R. Bliss ;
Brother Essick, Moderator.
The new church, First WilHamsport, with J. Green
Miles, pastor, was received. Its original membership
of fifteen comprised nine from the borough, (now
city), to whom 11 had been added by haptism, and 19
by letter.
Danville reported 26 additions by baptism, Loyal-
sock 20, Augusta 15, White Deer 12, Lewisburg 11,
Northumberland 10, &c.~in all, 129.
Slavery.— -On motion of nowar-d Malcom, the fol-
lowing expression was adopted by this Association :
"Whereas, many thousands of the children of God
in this land are held in bitter bondage, denied the
rights of common human nature, forbidden to read
the Word of God, and crushed into hereditary pov
erty, ignorance, and misery; and whereas, the most
violent and wicked measures are at this time taken by
62 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
slave holders, not only to perpetuate but to extend
their odious and terrific system ; therefore,
"Resolved, That we do most heartily deplore and
sympathize with our brethren and sisters in Christ
who are thus oppressed and degraded, and that we
will resolutely and constantly use our power — Moral,
Eeligious, and Political — to prevent the extension of
Slavery over territory now free, and to bring about if
possible the ultimate removal from our whole country
of a system which degrades men into the condition of
brute beasts, and which, if persisted in, must end in
the outpouring of God's wrath on our beloved coun-
try."
This resolution was repeatedly renewed. And
when, from 1861 to 1865, the Slave Power deluged
the land in blood to perpetuate and extend its domi-
nation, this Association proclaimed, yearly, its desire
for the suppression of the Rebellion and the extirpa-
tion of its moving cause. Although partizan and
financial influences blinded the eyes of many well-
disposed persons to the true nature of that tremendous
conflict, and caused some unhappy alienations of feel-
ing as to the utterances of this Association, its record
is clear, and those who come after us will not be
ashamed of it.
A Committee on Obituaries was appointed, who re-
ported the loss of several " aged and valuable breth-
ren — as Deacon James Moore, and Brother Farns-
worth of Milton, Deacon Isaac Wolverton of Rush,
Deacon John Hales of Clinton, Brethren Conover of
Danville, John F. Derr of Derry, and several eminent
sisters," among them Sister Hales of Clinton, named
ill the church letter. " We would ever cherish the
THIETr-SEVENTH SESSIOK. 63
memory of the great in goodness, and hold them up
to our younger members as monuments of the grace
of God."
Contribntiona reported, $1,202 24.
36th Session — Jersey Shore, 1856.
Introductory by Brother Isaac W. Hayhurst ;
Brother Joseph Moore, Moderator.
Benton church (now Jackson) received, with E. M.
Alden, pastor, and 30 members. .
Benton reported 22 baptisms, Lewisburg 17, Union
and Augusta each 9, &c,
On report of committee to revise the list of corres-
ponding bodies, it was voted to discontinue any formal
appointments, leaving in force the standing order of
1840, {p. 41) on the subject of delegations.
Contributions reported, $1,181 53.
37th Session—Munot, 1857.
Introductory by Brother E. M. Alden; Brother
Malcom, Moderator.
Moreland'reported 24 baptisms, Williamsport and
Benton each 20, &c.
In view of the low state of religion, apparent in
the fact that only 74 baptisms were reported, in 10 of
the 27 churches composing the Association, it was
" Resolved that we recommend to the churches to
set apart the first Monday of January, 1858, as a day
of iasting, humiliation and prayer for a revival of
God's work."
Also, in view of the fuct that only about one fourth
of the members of the Association enjoyed the -watch-
care of pastors devoted wholly to the work,
64 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
' Eesolved that we urge upon the churches not only
more prayer, but the duty of immediately securing
faithful pastors."
Muncy mourned the death of Deacon Samuel
Rogers, and Rachel Dye Manville Danville recorded
the loss of their late beloved Pastor, Ira Foster,
Deacon John Hixon, and Sisters Garrett and Fisher.
And Williamsport tenderly alluded, to their deceased
sister, Amanda M. [Taylor] Herdic, " one of their
constituent members, and a principal instrument in
founding the church."
Contributions reported, $1,029 37.
88th Session — Rush, 1858.
Introductory by Brother Joshua Kelly; Brother
Malcom re elected Moderator.
Selins grove church received, with A. K. Bell, sup-
ply, and 17 members.
There were 27 added by baptism to Jersey Shore,
19 to White Deer, 14 each to Berwick and Muncy. —
157, total.
Eleven of the twenty-eight churches reported pas-
tors, and several others had stated supplies.
The helping hand was extended to Lock Haven,
where the active membership had been reduced to
twenty.
Madison mourned the loss by death of Deacon Isaac
Demott, one of the fathers of the church ; Milton that
of Mary,' relict of the late Deacon James Moore, Sr.;
Union, that of father and mother Lewis ; and Ber-
wick, that of Doctor A. J. Brass.
Contributions reported, $1,011 11.
thirtt-ninth session. 65
89th Session — Moreland, 1859.
latroductorjr by Krother Stephea H. Mirick ;
Brother George M. Spratt, Moderator.
Lewisburg reported 21 baptisms, Jersey Shora 19,
"White Deer 18, <Scc.
A Ministers' and WidowsTund wa'^ instituted, and
Trustees appointed, to distribute such aid as may be
received for the relief of needy ministers, their widows
or minor children. This fund is still in existence,
although feebly sustained. Also
The sum of 8218 80, in addition to liberal sums
paid by Derry, Madison and other churohea, was re-
ported in aid of Brother Esaick, who had long been
prostrated by distressing illness.
Assooiaiional Missions.-^The most efficient work of
the session was the appointment af J. E Loomis, G.
M. Spratt, and G. S James, as an Associational Mis-
sionary Committee, auxiliary to the State Convention,
to supply the more inviting mission fields within our
own bounds. The plan was approved by the State
Convention, and, by harmonious co-operation with
the Board in Philadelphia, the above committee and
their successors have been enabled to largely aug-
ment the sums received for this home work, and im-
portant results have been, secured.
A quarterly or ministerial conference, which had
been maiotaiaed during the past year, was com-
_ mended.
The death of Elder Henry Esaick was appropriately
noticed, as also that of Deacon James T. Davis and
Sister Buth, of Berwick, and Sister Mary [Ludwig]
C6 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
Moore (in Missouri), a constituent member of the
Lewisburg church. [Notices of Brother Essick and
of several other deceased ministers, will be founi in
the Appendix.]
In March, Brother J. R Shanafelt of Berwick, as ■
sisted by his and our Brother A. F. Shanafelt, held a
meeting in Beach Haven, Luzerne county, where a
church of 30 members was organized, which seems
not to have united with any Association, as we see no
report of it at present.
Contributions reported, $1,752 76.
40th Session — Williamspoet, 1860.
Introductory by BrotherJ. Anderson Kelly; Brother
Andrew F. Shanafelt, Moderator.
Four new churches were admitted — Forksvilh, Sul-
livan county, partly from Loyalsock, with Oharles R
Levering, supply, and 19 members ; Bloomsburg, Col
umbia county, from four churches, with John R
Shanafelt, pastor, and 27 members ; White Hall, Mon
tour county, mostly from Derry, with Andrew F
Shanafelt pastor, and 55 members; and Trevorton.
Northumberland county, from six churches, with
Orange L. Hall, pastor, and 26 members.
By its request, Minersville was dismissed to Phila-
delphia Association.
Moreland reported 27 baptisms. White Hall 17,
Jersey Shore 12, &c.
The new and spacious edifice of the Williamsport
Church was dedicated the first evening of the session.
Brother Spratt and the pastors of the Sharaokin,
rOHTIETH aEBSION, 61
White Deer and Madison churches, were requested to
prepare histories of those churches, "in view of pre-
serving the Fragmentarv records of our progress, and
that a complete history of all our churches may be
prepared prior to our fiftieth anniversary." In 1862,
Brother Worden, stated clerk, was added to the com-
mittee. And various other measures were taken, at
successive sessions, to forward the design.
The constitution, list of ministers, &c. were directed
to he printed.
Shamokin noticed the loss of Sisters Miller and
Saxton, and Jersey Shore that of IMarj Keyser,
among the 17 deaths the year past.
Contributions reported, $1,576 33.
The end of the fourth decade shows an increase of
nine churches, and 1,280 baptisms reported, yet a nett
gain of only 361 members. The University had been
accommodated with very good and commodious build-
ings, aud a large number of teachers gave instruction
to numerous pupils in the various departments.
The establishment of the interest at Williamsport, on
a firm basis, was the most prominent among our new
church enterprises, bat other promising fields also had
been successfully occupied.
FIFTH DECADE.
MORE PROSPERITY— NEARLY TWO THOUSAND
BAPTISMS.
41sT Skssion — Danville, 1861.
Introductory by Brother A. F. Shanafelt ; Brother
J. Green Miles, Moderator.
Jersey Shore reported 22 baptisms, Lock Haven 18,
Bloomsburg 13, &c.— 121 ia all, in 10 of the 30
churches.
The name of Youngwomanslown Church, it having
been dead for some years, was dropped from the
Minutes.
At this session, a Sabbath School Union was formed.
The following Article, from the Constitution, will
show its composition:
"This Union shall be composed of pastors of
churches and superintendents of Sabbath schools con-
nected with the Northumberland Baptist Association,
and of delegates from all the Sabbath schools under
the direction of the Baptist denomination within the
limits of the said Association."
The following were elected officers for one year :
Professor Charles S. James, of Lewisburg, President ;
George Mowton, of Trevorton, Vice President ; J. P.
Tustin, of Northumberland, Corresponding Secretary;
A. B. Putnam, of Williamsport, Recording Secretary ;
roaTT-FIEST SESSION. 69
Eev. A. B. Still, of Danville, Treaaarer ; Deacon Eo-
tert Dunbar, of White Deer, Auditor; I.Boggs Smith,
of Selinsgrove, Deacon N. Blackwell, of Jersey Shore,
Rev. J. E. Shanafelt, of Berwick, Rev. S. H. Mirick,
of Lewiaburg, Eev. G. E. Bliss, of Lewisburg, Execu-
tive Oommittee.
This body usually meets the day or the evening
preceding the annual sessions of the Association, and
its proceedings, or an abstract of them, have, by the
consent of the Association, been printed with its own
Minutes. It is hoped this movement has materially
aided the efficiency of Sunday school operations within
our bounds.
Laporte noticed the death of Sister Rachel Nichols,
and Briar Creek that of their aged sister Fowler.
Contributions reported to the Association, $1,286 65.
This session found the country involved in civil
war. The following paper, offered by George E.
Bliss, was, after remarks, adopted by a decided vote
of the Association, and afterwards by the audience at
large :
THE STATE OF THE COUNTRY.
"Whereas, tbe atteution of the Association has been
repeatedly called, during its present session, to the dis-
tracted condition of our country ; and whereas, it
seems meet that we should declare oar views and
counsels in a matter so engrossing all hearts ; there-
fore, Resolved,
1. That we regard the contest now waging by the
Federal Government, as a struggle to put down a most
unwarrantable and monstrous rebellion against ec[ui-
table and benign civil authority, and to maintain our
national existence itself.
2. That our domestic, social, commercial, political
10 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
and church privileges, are bound up inseparably with
the welfare of that G-overnment, under which we have
so long prospered beyond our deserts ; and, further,
that the success of this violent attempt at its subver-
sion, would involve degradation, shame, perpetual
warfare with the spirit of Southern Oligarchy, and
the substitution of a military despotism for that popu-
lar rule devised by the wisdom of our fathers and left
to us as our most precious earthly inheritance.
3. That such a catastrophe ought to be resisted with
even more energy in our present case than if we were
threatened with foreign invasion and overthrow, and
at any necessary cost of treasure and blood.
4. That while as Citizens we cheerfully share the
unavoidable burdens of the State in this emergency,
we will as Christians earnestly invoke the throne of
heavenly grace for the pardon of those national sins
which justly provoke the displeasure of our God, and
that He may mercifully so direct our constituted au-
thorities, as that order may be speedily established,
the spirit of insurrection effectually rebuked, and so
the way prepared for a safe, solid and perpetual peace.
5. That our churches, instead of allowing them-
selves to be discouraged and hindered by these calami-
tous circumstances, should rather welcome the oppor-
tunity of proving their steadfastness and zeal, and by
increased diligence in the cultivation of their own
hearts, by prayers and efforts for our members and
fellow-citizens in the army, and by holding forth more
earnestly in every way the Word of Life, should re-
deem the time, because the days are evil.
6. That our churches be requested to observe Thurs-
day, the 26th inst., as a day of fasting, humiliation and
prayer, according to the recommendation of the Presi-
dent of the United States.
7. That while wo see not how our Government can
interfere directly with the system of Slavery in the
FOaTY-SECOND SESSION. 11
revolted, more than in the loyal, Slave States, and are
glad of their uniform and steadfast refusal so to do, we
do still rejoice in the indications that God in his sove-
reign providence may make this wanton outbreak of
Slavery propagandism a great step toward the removal
of a aysDem which Washington deplored, and Jefferson
often declared likely to bring on us the displeasure of
a God not one of whose attributes can take part in its
defence. {Note U.)
42d Session — Jersey Shore, 1862.
Introductory by Brother A. Jadson Furman ; Bro-
ther Mirick, Moderator,
There were 135 baptisms reported — 21 in Williams-
port, 16 in Moreland, 14 in White Deer, 14 in La-
porte, &c.
The history of the mother church at Shamokin,
prepared by Brethren G. M. Spratt, J, R, Shanafelt and
Worden, was read and ordered printed in the Minutes
of that year.
The Committee on Obituaries specially noticed the
death of Brother Joshua Kelly, pastor of Williama-
port Church ; also that of Deacons Benjamin Bear,
of Clinton, and ChrLstopber Derr, of Moreland, aged
standard bearers in the cause. Jersey Shore Church
named Albert Kissell and Freeman Ragle, killed
while in the TJnioD service, and Artemas Hagenbuch
and Mary Taylor died at home.
A special effort for the family of our late deceased
brother, Joshua Kelly, resulted in raising one hundred
dollars, in addition to various sums from the friends
in WiUiamsport.
Contributions report'ed, $1,433 61.
72 northumberland baptist associatiov.
43d Session — White Deeb, 1863.
Introductory by Brother Thomas F. Curtis ; Bro-
ther A. F. Shanafelt, Moderator.
News of a pleasant accession of 206 by baptism was
sent up by 11 of the 30 churches composing the body —
71 to Lock Haven, 29 to Madison, 27 to Danville, 21
to Jersey Shore, 20 to Lewisburg, &c.
Notice was taken of the fact that fifty years had
elapsed since Adoniram Judson and Luther Kice
sailed from America, as Pedobaptists, for a foreign
mission, but the former established the Baptist mission
in Burmah. A general attendance upon the jubilee
mission meeting, to be held in Philadelphia in
1864, was urged.
The history of the White Deer Church, prepared
by Brother Worden, was ordered to be printed.
The Obituary Committee made special notice of the
death of 0. 1 j. Hall, late pastor at Selinsgrove, of Lieut.
Daniel Bower, of Williamsport, and Lieut. Andrew
Gregg Tucker, of Lewisburg — those three having died
in the Union service ; also of Deacon Benjamin John-
son, of Muncy. The church letters also noticed the
loss of Samuel E. Axe, of White Hall ; of Sarah
Manning, of Madison ; Mary Nice, Catharine M'Neal,
Jane Eobinson, and Catharine Levengood, of Jersey
Shore ; Catharine Shafter, of Lock Haven ; Elizabeth
Metier of Lewisburg; and Catharine Little, of Laporte
and Eaglesmere. The latter church also spoke of their
grief in the death, while leading the Union forces in
battle, of Col. J. Richter Jones, formerly a resident in
their midst, but holding his membership near Philad'a.
FOETT-FOURTH SESSION. 73
The American Baptist Historical Society was com-
mended to the atteation and patronage of the members
and friends. It ia requested that books, papers, and all
matter desirable for preservation, te sent to Howard
Maleom, President, at 530 Arch St., Philadelphia.
Adopted, a rule to take a collection for State Mis-
sions, after the preaching of the introduotory sermon
at each annual meeting.
Contributions reported, $1,461 98.
■i4TH Session — Look Haven, 1864.
Introductory by Brother "William R. M'Neil; Bro-
ther George M, Spratt, Moderator.
This session was held in the Methodist chapel,
kindly granted for the parpose. The favor was ap-
propriately acknowledged.
Bloomsburg reported 30 baptisms, Lock Haven and
Berwick 28 each, Williamgport 14, &g.— total, 127.
A resolution was passed in favor of a weekly family
paper, with special reference to the State Convention,
the Publication Society, the Education Society, and
the University at Lewisburg, to promote the great
work among the forty thousand Baptists of Penn-
sylvania.
The Committee on Obituaries reported by name the
death of seven members during the Associationa! year,
as follows: Christiana Young, of Danville; Nancy
Dau'^herty, of Union; Susan Folmer, of Milton ; John
Frey, of Berwick; John Trainer, of WilHamsport ;
and Brethren Bastian, and Maleom Mason, of Blooms-
burg Church, the latter two having died in the Union
service.
7
74 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
Three ordinations to the ministry during the year
were reported — William F. Cowden at Jersey Shore,
Joseph P. Tustin at Northumberland, and W. Wick-
ham Case at Berwick.
Contributions reported, $1,471 99.
45th Session — Danville, 1865.
Introductory by Brother George T. M'Nair; Bro-
ther J. Green Miles, Moderator.
Eeceived the new church in Summit, (or Irish
valley,) mostly from the Shamokin and Trevorton
churches, with George T. M'Nair, pastor, and 39
members.
Jersey Shore reported 26 baptisms, Williamsport
19, Danville 15, &c.
Having served as a clerk for fifteen years, Brother
Worden asked to be relieved from duty, on account of
impaired health, and Brother P. W. Tustin was chosen
stated clerk in his stead.
Article II. of the Constitution was amended so as
to read, "Each church shall have the privilege of
sending four delegates, in addition to its ordained
ministers," &c.
The new National Baptist was commended to
patronage.
In view of the frequent deficiencies in church
records, it was recommended that each church copy,
upon its books, its annual letters to the Association.
Brethren F. W. "Tustin, Miles, Worden, G. M.
Spratt, and N. Blackwell were requested to obtain
from the Madison, Loyalsock, Milton, Clinton, Jersey
PORTT-FIFTH SESSION. 15
Shore, Look Haven and Rush ".barches, their histories,
by next session,
The Obituary Committee reported a large harvest of
death, the past year, comprising 28 names, of which
are mentioned Joseph Oakes, of White Deer, aged
83 years ; Elizabeth Wilbur, of Shamokin, 77 ; Sam-
ael Weise, of Milton, 69 ; Lieul. Col. W. J. Greena-
walt, of Lewisburg Church, who fell in the Wilderness,
March, 1864, but whose death was not reported last
year; Elizabeth Morrison, 87, Elizabeth Wilhelm,
67, and Harriet Elackwell, of Jersey Shore ; Dr. E.
H. Snyder, of Danville ; Dr. W, H. Schuyler, and
Catharine Garret, of Derry ; Harriet Diggan, of
Loyalsock; Robert Biggart, of Union; Sister Hippie,
of Berwick.
Rasolved, That there shall be at each Association
a sermon, to be designated the " Doctrinal Sermon,"
on some point of Bible Doctrinej and a sermon to be
designated the "Missionary Sermon," on some subject
of Missionary or kindred operations, .or either of
them. The subjects for these discourses and the
preachers of them shall be appointed at the previous
Association.
Under this regulation, a Missionary Sermon was de-
livered in 1866, by Brother Miles, from Luke 24: 47.
In 1867, by Brother Lincoln, from Prov. 11 : 25, In
1888, by Brother Kelly, from John 17 : 14. In 1869,
by Brother J. P. Tustin, from Rom. 10 : 15. A Doc-
trinal Sermon, in 1866, by Brother Spratt, on the Per-
severance of the Saints, from Phil. 1:6. In 1867, by
Brother Mirick, on Election, from 2 Tim. 1 : 9, (In
1868, the appointment was not met.) In 1869, by
Brother Miles, on Justification by Faith, from Rom.
76 NOETHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
8 : 28. In 1870, both were dispensed with on account
of the semi-centennial exercises.
Contributions reported for various benevolent ob;
jects, $2,607 74, and also $9,961 50 for special en-
dowment of the University at Lewisburg — total,
$12,618 60, as printed in the Minutes of the year.
46th Session — Muncy, 1866. .
Introductory by Brother Frederick Bower; Brother
William F. Cowden, Moderator.
The First Baptist Church of Mtmsport, principally
from the White Deer Church, was received, with Wil-
liam S. Hall, supply, and 50 members.
Sixteen of the thirty-two churches reported 286 ac-
cessions by baptism — 78 to Jersey Shore, 66 to Wil-
liamsport, 51 to Lewisburg, 20 to Wolf Township and
Bloom sburg each, &c. .Tn view of these mercies, a
special prayer of thanksgiving was offered by Brother
Moss.
An Act of Incorporation, approved 11th April,
1865, secured from the State at an expense of $21 50,
was accepted, ordered printed in the Minutes, and
Trustees were appointed for one year.
An expression of opinion, called for at previous
meetings, as to a division of the Association, was made
as follows : for division, one church ; against it, twenty-
three churches; not voting either way, eight.
Brother Worden presented histories of the Little
Muncy, (now Madison,) Derry, Moreland, White Hall,
Loyalsock and Forks villechurches,which were ordered
printed.
The Moderator was empowered to appoint all stand-
FORTY-SIXTH
ing committees as soonafter bis election as practicable.
The following was added to Article IX. of tbe
Constitution :
" Whenever a church aliall have neglected to send
a letter for three years in succession, such church may,
by vote of the Association, be declared no longer a
member of this body."
Brother Bliss, from the committee appointed last
year " to consider the most advisable course for Bap-
tist churches to pursue in calling Councils to ordain
Ministers, and in receiving Mmisters from other De-
nominations," presented their report, which, after
amendment, was adopted as follows :
Your committee beg leave to report, combining to-
gether both topics, that according to the established
principles of our denomination, each churcli is per'
fectly competent to receive into its fellowship a mem-
ber from any other denomination, whether a ramister
or otherwise, when satisfied of his worthiness. The
ministerial character does not, it is understood, as a
matter of course, come with him into his new connec-
tion. It remains for the church to j udge in regard to
him as to any other member, whether he is called to
serve the Lord ia any department of the work of the
ministry. It is further unquestionable, that eacli
chnrch may decide on the duty of its |iroceediug to
set apart any of its members to that work ; and that
for its own particular service, it would be under no ne-
cessity of calling for the counsel or co-operation of
other churches.
As such a case, however, rarely, if ever occurs, the ,
minister being ordained for duty wherever needed in
the churches, and as all churches would ha^-e an
equal right to consider tlie competency of the u.nnli-
date, ordination might need to be r^jpeated with ■.-.n.li
new settlement of the minister, and even with each
78 NORTHUMBEELAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
new proposal for him to perform ministerial duties in
any other church. Not merely courtesy, therefore, but
necessity demands that any church desiring the ordi-
nation of a brother to the ministry, should, in order
to secure the confidence of the denomination, call for
such a participation in the service by sister churches,
that there may be a general guarantee of the propriety
of their act. Then the one ordination may be reason-
ably accepted as a perpetual introduction to the min-
isterial office.
In the case of a candidate from the ministry of
another denomination, there are obvious and impisra-
tive reasons why such care to have the deliberate ad-
vice and joint action of sister churches is particularly
requisite. Indeed we think great consideration is
here necessary, before a church should desire for
themselves to instal a man in the sacred office ; and
that having decided on this, extraordinary diligence
should be employed to ensure a wide approval of
their proceedings by the denomination, if the confi-
dence of the denomination is expected.
It is perhaps scarcely incumbent on us to express
opinions on the subject of ordination in the abstract.
Yet we can hardly refrain, in this connection, from
giving utterance to our strong conviction of the solem-
nity of the rite, its momentous importance, and the con-
sequent duty of each church prayerfully and honestly
to exercise its own judgment on the fitness of a bro-
ther to be thus formally set apart. There is, indeed,
a crying destitution of ministers, but only such are
wanted as God has really called and qualified. Of the
interna], personal call to preach the gospel, the candi-
date is himself, to a considerable extent, the judge;
but of his qualification even to preach, and still more
to perform the general duties of the pastorate, the
missionary vocation, or any other recognizsd branch of
the official work, his brethren are to decide ; and they
just as truly violate their obligation in devoting him
to the ministry witliout clear satisfaction tliat thus the
work of the Lord is best to be promoted, as he would
violate his in entering upon it without a deep per-
sonal belief of his call by the Spirit of God.
Our practical conclusion, then, is, that the Aasocia-
lion onght strongly to recommend to all the churches,
T. To use great caution, and to seek competent ad-
vice before desiring to recognize a brother from the
ministry of another denomination, as a minister in our
own. Here a certificate of good standing or good
character in the former denomination, would be of
value, where it could be procured,
II. Having settled, with due consideration and
prayer, on the desirableness of such recognition, a
church should ask the counsel of sister churches, as
to whether the candidate should be fully ordained, or
simply welcomed as a minister in regular standing,
and secure their co-operation accordingly.
III. That in calling a council for such advics and
co-operation, invitation should be extended to all the
churches of the Association, with such others as may
be concerned, and that no pains should be spared to
make sure of a general and impartial council.
TV, That in all cases of the ordination of ministers,
important advantages would result from allowing the
council to appoint the public services, and from mak-
ing no arrangement for such services until after the
action of the council.
A measure often recommended, was this session ac-
complished — the appointment of an itinerant evange-
list, or colporteur, to labor within the bounds of the
Association. Brother S. W. Zeigler was designated
for the work, at a salary of $400, two-thirds of which
was pledged by members of the Association, the re-
mainder to be paid by ihe Am. Bap. Pub. Soe.
The committee on Obituaries noticed the following
80 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
among the twenty-nine deaths reported : In Shamokin,
Nicholas Willett, Eachel his wife, and John Bough-
ner ; White Deer, Deacon Gershaffi Biddle, and Sister
Groff, aged 67 ; Milton, Martin and Leah Angeny ;
JerseyiShore, Jacob Moyers, 74, and George Toner, 17 ;
Union, George Anderson ; Danville, Catharine Mills ;
Augusta, George Snyder ; M'Ewensville, Margaret
Potter ; and Elimsport, Ebenezer Moore.
Contributions for benevolent objects, $2,156 36.
For local church expenses, $6,363 33, and for Sunday
school purposes, $827 21. Total, as reported in
Minutes, $9,367 90.
47th Session — Berwick, 1867.
Introductory by Brother Amos B. Still; Brother
M'Nair, Moderator.
Lewisburg reported 18 baptisms, Berwick and
Bloomsburg each 17, White Deer, 14, Loyalsock,
10, &c.
Voted, that hereafter, the Association organize im-
mediately after the opening sermon, without waiting
for the reading of the letters.
Histories of Lock Ilaven, Watsontown, Muncy,
Wolf Township, M'Ewensville, and First Williamsport
churches were presented and ordered to be printed.
The Obituary Committee named, among those who
had left this scene of probation the previous year —
Eebecca Moore, for more than three score years and
ten, a member of Shamokin Church ; Mary Welliver,
of Madison, 80 years of age ; the faithful Deacon
Joseph Meixel and Lewis H. Funk of Milton ; Philip
Moyers, of Jersey Shore; Deacon Samuel Welch, of
Lock Haven; Margaret, wife of Deacon Josepli Ever-
ett, of Watsontown ; EJizabeth Erlston, of Northum-
berland; Phebe Shires, of Derry ; Robert W. Smith,
of Selinsgrove ; Perry Eunyon, S. S. Superintendent,
of White Hall ; Joseph Lytle, Sr., of Summit, 79 ; and
Elder William S. Hall, of White Deer.
Contributions for benevolent societies, $1,358 00 —
also $1,019 42 for Sunday school uses, $St,760 37 for
local church expenses; and $8,23i 93 "miscellaneous,"
(church debts, mostly,) — total reported in Minutes,
$20,372 71.
48Tn Session' — Jersey Shore, 1863.
Introductory by Brother John S. Miller; Brother
Charles S. James, Moderator.
Nineteen of the thirty-two churches reported the
large number of 322 baptisms — Danville having one
hundredand twelve, (112,) First Williamsport 65, Jersey
Shore 23, Elimsport 21, &c. .
Brother Tustin requesting to be relieved, Brother
George S. Banger was elected Stated Clerk.
Query from the first Williamsport Church: "Is
laying on of hands, or ordination, necessary to the
office of Deacon, as understood by the Baptist deno-
mination ?"
Answer by the committee of reference: "In our
judgment, the denoynination, if we may judge by its
general pradice, does not recognize such a necessity."
The opinion of the individual members of the com-
mittee not being indicated,
Another committee was appointed "to report next
year, as to the duty of Baptist churches, in reference
82 NORTHXJMBEELAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
to the ordiuation of Deacons." {Note. The Committee
reported in 1869, but their report was not adopted,
and is not published.)
" Voted, that Brother 0. N. "Worden be requested
to prepare a Historical Address, to be delivered at the
Association at its fiftieth anniversary, and that Brother
F. W. Tustin be his alternate."
Histories of the Jersey Shore, Rush, Berwick; Briar
Creek, Laporte and Baglesmere, and Bloomsburg
churches were presented, and ordered to be printed.
The names of the following brethren, deceased
during the year, were recorded : Benjamin Bradshaw,
of Bloomsburg; Deacon Edward Wilkinson, of Rush,
63 ; Deacon James Farnsworth, and William D.
Acor, of Moreland ; Philip M. Missimer, of Jersey
Shore ; Deacon Jesse Smith, of Northumberland ;
and J. W. Parmly. Also the following sisters in
Christ : Margaret Demott and Amy Johnson, of Madi-
son; Elizabeth Stout and Nancy Wolverton, (aged
69,) of Rush ; Hannah Muchler, of Bloomsburg ;
Nancy Tomb, the last constituent member, and Maria
Swartz, of Jersey Shore ; Hannah E. Van Zant, of
Summit ; Mrs. Hartman, of Benton ; Mary Diggan, of
Loyalsock ; Louisa Fink, of Selinsgrove ; and Mary
Tabor.
Contributions to benevolent societies, $1,892 94 ;
for Sunday School purposes, $1,307 32 ; local church
expenses, $15,940; miscellaneous, $1,413 57. Total
reported in the Minutes, $20,600 04.
49th Session — Turbutville, 1869.
Introductory by Brother William W. Meech ; Bro-
ther Joseph P. Tustin, Moderator.
PORTT-NINTH SESSION. 83
This session was held in the new and commodious
house, (dedicated the preceding Lord's day,) of the
Turbutville (formerly Derry) church.
All of the thirty-five churches were represented,
by letters or messengers, and twenty-two of them
were rejoiciag in accessions by baptism. The greater
blessing was to the Lewisburg church, to which, and
to its two out stations (Winfield and Montaadon) the
large number of one hundred and ffty-seven (157) was
added — an aggregate superior to the whole Association
at its origin, and the largest added to any one church
in one year during its history. First Williamsport
reported 33 baptisms, Jersey Shore 22, &c.
Three new churches were received, viz. : Williams-
port First German, with E. Piepgras, pastor (not pres-
ent.) and Paul Woernle, clerk, and 23 members ; the
Second Williamsport, in the Newberry ward, with T. 0. '
Lincoln, pastor, and 19 members, all but one from the
First church ; and Winfield, with George J, Brensin-
ger, pastor, and 85 members, mostly from the Lewis-
burg churcli.
An " able Committee" appointed to report an opin-
ion upon a question proposed by the Second Baptist
Church of Williamsport, recommended the following,
which was adopted:
"When any number of baptized believers in Christ,
who have been regularly dismissed from other churches
for the purpose, or have not been connected with a
church, agree to walk together in church fellowship,
adopting the views of Scripture truth which are held
by us, by that act, independent of the act of any other
persons, they become a Baptist Church, entitled to all
84 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
the privileges, and invested with all the authority, of
such an organization.
" But, for the sake of order, fellowship, and har-
mony, it is desirable and wise that they be formally
recognized as a church, by a called council, composed
of the pastors of, and delegates from, other churches."
Brethren Spratt and Miles were requested to prepare
discourses, upon such topics, as they may arrange be-
tween them and deem most edifying, for the approach-
ing semi-centennial anniversary.
The deaths, specifically named, which had occurred'
during the year, were Mary Oakes, one of the oldest
members of White Deer ; John Demott, and Catharine
wife of Deacon Jacob Demott, of Madison ; Kichard
Rogers, of Loyalsock; Deacon Henry Farnsworth, of
Jersey Shore ; the aged David Lloyd, of Muncy ; the
long afflicted Deacon Joseph Kirkendall, of Berwick ;
Deacon Benjamin Savidge, and Margaret M'Kee, of
Turbutville ; Thomas Haywood, of Laporte ; Sarah J.
Woodward, of Bloomsburg, and Christian Carter of
Elimsport. Of Deacon Savidge, it is recorded, " his
house was the home of the ministry, by night or by
day."
Especial mention was also made of the death, at
Montgomery, Pa., of Elder George Higgins, who was
long a valued laborer in this Association.
Brother Zeigler, who had been continued as an As-
sociational Missionary, made the following report of
labors for the year ending 1st September, 1869 :
Days employed, ..... 365
Miles traveled, ... ... 3314
Volumes sold, ..... 1616
" donated, 208
FORTY-KIKTU SE88ION. S5
Pages of tracts distributed, 4653
Sermons preached, 90
Prayer meetings held, . 37
Persons baptized, - 3
Families visited, . 783
" without Bibles, . 10
" supplied with Bibles, ■ 21
Sabbath Schools visited and addressed, . 12
Amount of aalea, . . $611 02
" of donations, . 36 14
Obtained 47 subscribers to Young Reaper at $11
28, and 4 subscribers to the National Baptist at
$10 00. "I supplied regularly, up to the first of
February, the Loyalsock Church with four stations,
the Forksville with three stations, and the Laporte
and Eaglesmere with four stations, at which time El-
der Ira J. Sturdevant took the charge. Since then, I
have visited them only occasionally, I also visited
the Wolf Township, Danville, Sunbury, Selinagrove,
Winfield, Lewisbupg, White Deer, Elimsport, Jersey
Shore, Lock Haven, Williamsport 2d, and Williamsport
Mission churches. Also preached at the following out-
posts, to wit : Thorndaie, Elk-Lick school house, Mon-
tandon, New Berlin, Queens' Run, Phelps' Mills,
Granville, Salli day sburg, First Forks, Pine Creek,and
Toombs' Eun ; attended two recognition councils for
new churches, one at Winfield, and the other at New-
berry ; and helped in three protracted meetings — at
Winfield, Jersey Shore, and Lewisburg, where we had
precious 'seasons of refreshing from the presence of
the Lord.' "
"Resolved that Brethren Lincoln, Miles and Gamp-
bell be appointed a committee to do what they can by
way of carrying the Gospel to the camp-fires of lum-
bermen in the pineries of the West Branch."
Histories of the Clinton, Northumberland, Sun-
86 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
bury, Danville, Augusta, Lewisburg, Jackson, Selins-
grove, Trevorton, Summit, and Elimsport churches
vera read, revised, and printed.
Contributions for benevolent societies, $2,075 37 —
also $170 58 for care of church poor; $68 79 for
Sunday schools ; $15,378 33 for local church expen-
ses; $1,779 57miscellaneoDs; and $554 87 for A sso-
ciational missions. Total reported in Minutes, $20,-
643 11.
50th Session — First Williamspokt, 1870.
Introductory by Brother Robert Lowry ; Brother
J. Anderson Kelly, Moderator.
Two new churches were added to the Association —
the Washington Street TF«7Ziamsport, with 96 members,
mostly from the First church, B. B. Henshey, late
missionary pastor, receiving the hand of fellowship ;
and the First church in Shamokin borough, with A.
B. Still, pastor, and 33 members.
All the 37 churches, excepting Clinton, were heard
from, and reported 204 baptisms — 38 in Northumber-
land, 24 in First Williamsport, 22 in Milton, 19 in
Winfield, 17 in Elimsport, 17 in Washington Street
Williamsport, 12 in Turbutville, 10 in Lewisburg, &c.
The committee to examine the letters from the
churches, reported. First, " In the opinion of your
committee, many of the letters are very much longer
than they should be, and would recommend the
churches, in future, to make them as short as possible."
Second, "They show a large degree of enterprise in
building meeting houses. Some of the feebler
churches greatly need assistance, and should receive
, PIPTIETO SESSION. 87
the hearty co-operation of their sister churches in
their efforts to secure good houses of worship for
them selves,"
The history of Milton church was ordered printed.
Brother John Beers, of Emporium, Cameron county,
spoke of the religious destitution of that opening field
for labor on our western border.
Shaciofcin church reported the death of Susan Hiie;
White Deer, that of Angeline Fisher ; Madison, Baltis
Essick, Daniel Johnson, and Kisner Moyer ; Loyal-
sock, Grant Dunlap and Nancy Rogers ; Jersey Shore,
Deacon Joseph E. Blackwell and three others; Lock
Haven, Sisters Irvine, Hall, and Edier ; Muncy, Eliza-
beth Worthington, aged 75 ; Sunbury, Ann WoIVer-
ton; Danville, John P. Leisenring; Berwick, Mar-
garet Kirkendall, aged 80; Turbutville, their aged
Sister Savidge ; Laporte and Eagleamere, Wm. Smith;
First Williamsport, Amelia Baty; Selinsgrove, Deacon
HenryBurns,HarrietCummings,Elizabeth Sears; Sum-
mit, Sarah J. Farnsworth ; Winfield, Joshua Strauser ;
and Washington Street WilHamaport, Sister Harris,
The Missionary Committee reported that they had
been able to raise within their bounds, $900, for the
General (State) Association, and that said Association
had appropriated $1,350 to sustain preaching in
twelve of our churches. They bear willing testimony
to the patient, prayerful, persevering labors of Brother
Zeigler, " and regret that circumstances, beyond onr
control, forbid, at the present time, a renewal of the
appointment of an Associ^tional Missionary."
The exercises connected with the session as an an-
niversary occasion, are noticed in our opening pages.
NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
Finances. — At the close of the half century, it may-
be well to copy from this year's Minutes an exhibit of
contributions for home and foreign efforts to sustain
the operations of the church.
Eaised for Foreign Missions,
" " Home Missions
" " Bible Society,
" " Publication Society,
" " Penn'a Education Society,
" " Penn'a General Association,
" " Care of Church Poor, .
■' " Ministers' and Widows' fund,
" " Sunday Schools, .
" " Local Church Expenses, .
** " Miscellaneous purposes, .
" " Associational Missionary, .
Total for all purposes,
These are credited to the several churches as fol-
lows :.
$228
41
. 110
28
51
67
16
65
334
55
. 627 00
84
31
3
07
680 33
13,941
32
5,713
64
. 278 05
$22,069
18
Shamokln Township $306 40
White Deer 94 43
Madison 529 00
Loyalaock 27 00
Milton 35 00
Clinton
Jersey Shore 904 00
Look Haven 1,402 09
Rush 399 91
Watsontown 20 00
Muncy 7;i9 20
Northumberland 1,655 87
Sunbury 25 00
Danville 502 87
Berwick 353 00
Augusta 70 00
Lewlsburg 4,174 17
Turbutvllle 344 08
Moreland 253 50
Wolf Township 8442 12
Briar Creek 21 00
M'Ewensville 39 50
Laporte and Eaglesmere 15 00
First Williamsport 3,943 11
Jackson - 71 94
Selinsgrove 157 72
Forksville
Bloomsburg 434 48
White HaU 184 50
Trevorton 202 73
Summit 39 00
Elimsport 634 50
First German, Williamsport 516 60
Winfleld
Second Williamsport 2,653 63
Washington St. Wil'sport... 834 54
First Shamokln borough 243 74
These returns are incomplete, some of the churches
making no statement of their expenses to sustain the
cause at home and help their own poor.
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90 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
Sunday Schools. — The foregoing table, taken from
the minutes of the Sunday School Union — or, as now-
styled, " Convention" — for the current year, shows the
apparent increase since the first report made, in 1848,
(see page 54.)
The close of the fifth decade shows an increase from
31 to 37 churches — the large number of 1924 bap-
tisms — and a net gain of 898 members. Another en-
dowment of one hundred thousand dollars had been
secured, during the time of a terrible civil war, for the
University at Lewisburg, many of whose students have
acquired positions of influence, well exercised, at home
and abroad. Some of our weak churches have been
' strengthened, while others still need friendly assistance,
and there are new and important fields which should
at once be occupied, Activity in the Master's cause,
in this as in preceding periods, has kept most of our
people from falling into the doctrinal errors which
have marred the character and checked the progress
of our denomination in some corresponding bodies.
Truly we of the Northumberland Association have
abundant cause to lift up our hearts and voices as did
Samuel of old, and say,
"Hitherto hath the LORD helped us."
REVIEW or THE HFTY YEARS.
Punctuality. — Aa thia Association covers nearly
eight counties, ibi territory is aomewbat extensive.
Yet in its early days, when traveling facilities were
comparatively difficult, every church in the union was
heard from for twelve successive anniversaries. And
in 1835, '37, '38, '39, '43, '44, '46, '47, and in '69, every
church was represented by letters or delegates, or
both — twenty-one years in all. The failures have
been mostly amongthe smallest churches most remote
from the places of meeting, and were as follows :
At 13 sessions, 1 church not represented 13
2 " 2 churches " " 4
7 " 8 " " " 21
2 " 4 " " " 8
4 " 5 " " " 20
1('64) 8 " " " 8
Total failures of representation, 74
Thus, out of 876 years of labor, or appointments for
meeting, there have been 74 feilures — or twelve per-
formances of the duty to one omission. Some of these
were from Providential hindrances, but others from
sheer carelessness or lack of interest
Of the original churches. White Deer has never
failed of a representation, Shamokin failed in '42,
»a NOETHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
but her daughter Eush did not. Madison failed in
'49, '66, '57, and '64, but was represented by some of
her family, excepting in the latter year.
Several of the newer churches have never failed to
meet with the Association.
The Association has convened eight times with the
White Deer church, meeting seven times in the White
Deer house, and once in Blimsport; seven times with
" Little Muncy" or Madison Church, meeting twice in
MorelanJ, twice in Washington vi lie, twice in Derry,
and once in Madison nqar Jerseytown ; and three
times with " Derry" or Turbutville, meeting twice in
Derry and once in Turbutville.
T\v& places have been as follows: In White Deer, 7
times ; in Shamokin Township, 6 ; in Jersey Shore,
6; in Moreland, 4; in Milton, 3; in Muncy, 3; in
Derry, 3; in Danville, 3; in Washingtonville, 2; in
Clinton, 2 ; in Eush, 2 ; in Berwick, 2 ; in First Wil-
liamsport, 2 ; in Madison, 1 ; in Lewisburg, 1 ; in
Elimsport, 1 ; in Lock Haven, 1 ; in Turbutville, 1 —
50 sessions.
Permanency. — Of the thirty-nine churches which
have been members of this Association, but one has
lost its visibility, and one has sought a more eligible
connection with a sister body. (iVbte V.) The branch
named " Warren," which went out from Jersey Shore,
may be found in Brown Township and M'Henry
churches, on Pine Creek, attached to the Tioga Asso-
ciation. The branch at " Beach Haven," from Berwick,
it is feared is dead from neglecting to unite with some
associated body.
REVIEW OF THE PAST FIFTY TEARS. 93
The Minutes coiita,ia sketches, more or less accurate
and complete, of thirty-two of the thirty-seven oharcbes
now in union. Three of the remaining five are recent
developments of the rapid growth of the city whoSe
hospitality we enjoy at this anniversary festival;
a fourth ig Winfield, just formed from Lewisburg ;
and the fifth is the new church in Shamokin borough.
These latter-named hardly need a historian as yet, but
we trust may, in the year 1920, have much to record
of the goodness of God. For each and all of these
churches let our daily prayers aseend : " Save now, I
beseech thee, Lord I Lord, I beseech thee,
SEND PBOSPERITY 1"
COMPAEATIVE ADVANCEMENT.
Numerically, progress has been manifest, as will he
seenby the following figures, giving re-sults iu decades,
or ten years of time :
Id 1821, commenced with 3
124
1830, reported
6
108
172
1840, "
10
746
850
1850, "
22
1668
1675
1860, "
31
1280
2036
1870, «
37
1924
2934
5,727
During the seventy-four failures of churches to
report to the Association, numerous baptisms and
other changes remain unnoted on our Minutes. The
writer was informed by the Clerk of Forksville
that nineteen additions by baptism to that church
Vi
94 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
were not reported to the Association. Danville,
Lewisburg, and perhaps other churches were ad-
mitted with newly baptized members, returned as con-
stituents, but many of them not enumerated among the
baptisms. Add from these two sources to the number
regularly accounted for. and the aggregate will exceed
six thousand (6,000) — an average of one hundred
and twenty (120) a year^— baptized, on profession of a
living faith in Christ, into the fellowship of the Nor-
thumberland Association, during its fifty years of
labor.
The members of this Association number 2,934
There are also, in four counties over which
the Association extends, nine; other
churches of our faith and order, with
members (as last reported) as follows :
Three English — Cherry, Sullivan county, 32
Brown T'p, Lycoming, 85
M'Henry " 30
Three German — Anthony " 66
Eldred " 42
Fairfield " 48
Three Welch — Danville, Montour, 77
Bloomsburg, Columbia, 10
Centralia " 20— 410
Total, regular Baptists, . . 3,344
To exhibit the growth of the Baptists, as compared
with the whole population, we give the figures for
each, at the origin of the Association, and at its present
stand point :
REVIEW OP THE PAST F
15,424
41,440
17,621
28,765
(new)
15,334
13,517
47,633
(new)
23,213
(new)
6,191
18,619
15,568
(new)
16,606
"bTorthoinberland,
Columbia aad )
Montour, J
Lycotning,
ClintoQ and
Sullivan,
Union and 1
Snyder, J
65,181 193,750
Baptists in 1820, 124; in 1870, 3,34i
la 1820, one Baptist to 526 of the population.
In 1370, " " 58 " "
Omitting the nine cturclies not united with it, this
Association are as 1 to 66 of the whole population.
The whole population has increased 295 per cent.,
while the Baptists iacreaaed 2690 per cent., in half a
century. {N'ote W.)
But this is not all. Our churches have exerted an
influence beyond their own organizations, not to be as-
certained by figures. The preaching, the prayers, the
personal conversation, and more than all, the godly
lives of official and private members, have instru-
mentally resulted in the conversion of very worthy
persons who have united with other denominations,
and also elevated the standard of piety among " birth-
right" professors. And quite a number, at Lewis-
burg, have gone, with new found hopes, to unite with
churches at their more particular homes.
In revivals, in temperance, and in other means for
promoting the temporal and the spiritual elevation of
our race, it is believed the members of this body have
96 NOKTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
generally taken an active part and an honorable
position, which have blessed the communities in
which their lot has been cast.
BAPTIST- TENETS.
Our first distinguishing principle as a denomina-
tion, is, that Christian churches are composed of be-
lievers only ; and, second, that Scripture baptism is
the only door into church membership, or communion.
These principles have been gaining ground even faster
than our membership. The writer has conversed with
an intelligent lady of middle age, who in her youth
thought that Baptists lacked natural affection in fail-
ing to bring their infants to be rantized, (sprinkled.)
A minister of our order stated that (while he was yet
a Pedobaptist) on the sudden and dangerous illness of
a child, he was almost distracted, while running about
at night, for a minister to sprinkle it. In this day, there
are few who give to infant sprinkling the importance
attached to it, thirty and fifty years ago, by some ex-
cellent and well informed people. Many neglect or
refuse to impose upon unconscious babes the rite their
authorities require. In this respect, the consistency
of our practice is admitted by increasing numbers.
Degrees of persecution our people once encountered,
are now comparatively unknown,, and even the stale
cry of "bigotry" is made with 'bated breath. Immer-
sion is demanded by increasing numbers in sprink-
ling churches, and it is frequently administered— after
a fashion — by those not " in the line of apostolical
succession" as regards the great initiatory ordinance.
OUB. LOSSES. 9T
For these favorable indications, we " thank God and
take courage."
We hold that our peczliar tenets are the plain
teachings of tha New Testament. Conceding to all
the soul liberty we claim for ourselves, and pointing
to the Law rather than Tradition, we rejoiee when we
find our neighbors embracing our views of faith and
practice, A very large proportion of our members
were not Baptists by the bias of early education. And
we are glad that many bring with them their most
valuable characteristics, combining in our variety of
gifts the perseverance of the Presbyterians, the zeal
of the Methodists, the stability of the Lutherans, the
devotion to church order of the Episcopalians, and
the gentle love of the Friends, with a sprinkling of
all other good qualities, harmonizing in "one Lord,
one faith, one baptism."
Probably one half of those returned in our Min-
utes as excluded, dropped and erased, were those who
had removed away without taking letters of dismis-
sion, and, having located where there were few Bap-
tists, if any, have grown cold and lost their standing.
Some of these have been recalled to their duty, and
found a home again with God's people. Of the other
half, expunged from the church records for immorality,
heresy, or other causes, perhaps one fourth are ulti-
mately restored, at home or abroad.
The tiile of emigration is largely against us. After
deducting the number who pass by letter from one
church to another within our bounds, it is probable
&S NORTHrMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
we lose two where we gain one by emigration. These
diminutions have sadly crippled some of our churches
n town and country. We are happy to know that,
in some cases, the cause has gained, elsewhere, all we
have seemed to lose, by the changes.
Since its origin, the large number of six hundred
and forty-nine (649) resident members, and an unknown
number of those once associated with us but dismissed
to other bodies, have, one by one, passed the river of
death. They have joined, as we trust, the general
assembly and church of the first born, whose names
are written in heaven. It is a number greater than
could be accommodated in this spacious house. It il-
lustrates the amazing rapidity of the flight of time.
And it is very doubtful whether many, if any, of
those now actively engaged here, will witness the hun-
dredth anniversary of this body. Let us work while
it is day, for we shall have all eternity in which to
enjoy the kest that remains for the people of God.
ADDITIOIAL PAPERS.
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suBJicTs m mim op circular letters, histories, k
1831. Rules, Articles of Faith, and General Circular — by Thomas
Smiley.
1823. The Atonement— by Thomas Smiley.
1833. A Gospel Church — by Thomas Smiley,
1834. Brotherly Love— by Silas E. Shepard
183.5. On the Excellency of Holy Writ— by a Committee.
1836. Perseverance of the Saints— by Thomas Smiley.
1837. Church Fellowship — by Eugenio Kincaid.
1838. Eegeneration — by Isaac Wolverton.
1839. Christ the Meditator, Prophet, Priest and King— by
Thomas Smiley.
1830. Love of the Brethren— by Thomas Smiley.
1831. Prayer — by George Higgins.
1833. Self Examination — by George Spratt, Sr.
1833. Protest against Infant Baptism— by George Higgins.
1834. Narrative of the State of Religion within the Association.
1835. Signs of the Times— by George M. Spratt, Jr.
1836. Extract from Andrew Fuller, "On Evil Things which
pass under Specious Names."
1837. Protest against Sprinkling — by George Higgins.
1838. The Baptismal Question, continued — by George Higgins.
1839. Family Prayer— by George M. Spratt, Jr.
1840. Efficiency of the Ordinary Means of Promoting Religion
—by Daniel C. Wait.
1841. Importance of an Increase of Gracious Dispositions — by
Wm. S. Hall.
1843 to 1851. Reports — Digests of Letters — Histories— Consti-
tutions, (by various writers ) These Reports and Di-
gests are continued, mostly, until the present time.
1852. The Duty of the Churches in Supplying the Deficiency
which exists of Ministers of the Gospel — by George R.
Blies.
1853. Reports and Digest.
1854. Systematic Benevolence -by Howard Malcom.
CIRCULAR LETTERS, HI-TORIB', ETC. 105
18S5. RepottB and Digest.
18jG. Connection between tlie Discipline of Children and their
Acceptance of Keligiun-by Justin B. Loomis.
18fJ7. Brotlierly Fidelity— by Nathan Callender.
1858. Gospel Duty of ladividual Efforts for Conversion— by
Howard Malcom.
1859. The New Command, " Love One Another" — by Thomas
P. CurtiB.
1860. Christian Education of Children— by Andrew J, Hay.
1861. The Bible, the Sole Authority in Ohriatian Doctnne and
Practice— by Stephen H. Mirick, Formation of a Sun-
day School Union,
18B3. The Importance of mainlainina a consistent Conrormity
to our avowed Doctrine and Diadpline — by J. Anderson
Kelly. History of Shamokin Church — by Committee.
180.3. Tl»e Lord's Supper— by J. Green Miles. History of White
Deer Church— by 0. N. Worden.
1804. Eeporta and DiKest,
18G5. Chiistian Family* Life— by Thomas F Curtis,
1860. Membership, Nature, and Superiority of the Ciiristi.in
Church— by Thomas F, Curiis. History of "Little
Munoy," Madison, Deny, Moreland, White Hall, Loyal-
sock, and Forksville churches— by O. N. Worden.
I8S7, The Deaconship— by Joseph P. Tnstin, History of "B ild
Eagle" fnow Lock Haven,) "XTnion" (now Watson-
townj Muncy, "Hughsville" (now Wolf Township,)
M'Ewensville,and PirstWilliamsportohurolies, (writers
not named.)
1868. Scarcity of needed Ministers — by James Jr:nea. History
of Jersey Shore, Rush, Berwick, Briar Creek, Laporte
and Eaglesmere, and Bloomsbarg churches, (writers
not named.)
1869. F re-Requisites for the Lord's Supper— by Amos B. Still,
History of Clinlon, Noithumberiand, Sunbury, Danville,
Augusta, Lewisburg, "Benton" (now Jackson,) Selins-
grove, Trevorton, Summit, and Elimsport churches,
(writers not named. J
1870. Christian Unity— by Henry C. Munro, Semi- Centennial
Exercises. History of Milton church, (writer not named )
LEADING STATISTICS OP THE SEVERAL CHUBCHES.
Names of Churches, and
Counties where situated.
Date of Pub-
lic Recog-
nition.
- 5 S -d
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Shamokin,Northuinberland
White Deer, Union
Madison, Columbia
Loyalsock, Sullivan
Milton, Northumberland...
Clinton, Lycoming
Jersey Shore, do
Lock Haven, Clinton
Rush, Northumberland
Minersville, -rftr dis to Ph.
Muncy, Lycoming
Watsontown, Northumb'd.
Northumberland, do
Sunbury, do
Danville, Montour '..
Berwick, Columbia
Augusta, Northumberland.
Lewisburg, Union
Turbutville, Northumber'd
Moreland, Lycoming
Wolf Township, do
Youagwomanstown, Clin'n
Briar Creek, Columbia
M'Ewensville, Northumb..
Laporte & Baglesmere, Sul
1st Williamsport, Lycom'g
Jackson, Columbia
Selinsgrove, Snyder
Forksville, Sullivan
Bloomsburg, Columbia...
White Hall, Montour
Trevorton,Northumberland
Summit, do
EUmsport", Lycoming
1st Qer. Williamsport, Lye.
2d Williamsport, do
Winfield, Union
Washing. St. WiUims't,Lyc.
Shamokin Borough, North.
Now, 37 churches.
50
50
50
46
44
40
39
33
33
20
30
30
39
28
38
28
37
27
35
25
33
11
30
18
17
16
15
13
11
11
11
11
6
5
3
2
3
1
1
786
June 31,1794
Oct. 2?,, 1808
Sept. 37,1817
Oct 7, 1823
Aug. 25,1836
Sep. 9, 1830
Jan. 17, 1837
June 1838
June 15,1839
?1840
June 34,1841
Aug. 13,1841
July 7, 1843
Dec. 1.5, 1843
Nov. 29,1843
Sep. 35, 1842
Feb. 7, 1844
.Tan. 3, 1844
July 1, 1846
July 2, 1846!
Dec. 14, 1848
?1849i
Aug. 7. 1851
Feb. 19, 1853
Aug. 10,18.14:
Dec 28, 1854 i
Marc.24,1856
May 16, 1858
Feb. 34, 18.58
Nov. 7, 18.59
Sep. 1.5, 1859
March 8,1860
Feb. 16, 1865
Dec. 26, 1865
June 24, 1869
July 30, 1869
1869
Dec. 14, 18(>9
?1869
1831
? supposed.
1835
1837
1831
1832
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1846
1849
1851
1853
1854
185^;
1856
1858
1860
1865
1866
1869
1870
9
10
14
10
9
9
18
13
84
?9
28
21
35
81
47
15
43
22
63
97
24
15
30
10
13
15
19
13
13
19
36
22
37
43
23
18
76
78
26
380
341
439
96
300
149
644
289
367
22
176
91
115
133
366 315
319
90
438
101
145
93
1
23
8
26
310
53
41
11
111
24
25
13
46
3
2
27
17
4
5737
2934
TEARS OF BAPTISMS. 101
Adding to the foregoing lie nine churclies,nol associated with
us, there are 15 Baptist churches in Lycoming connty, IS in
Northumberland, 7 in Columbia, 4 in Snllivan, 3 in Montgur, 3
in Union, 1 in Clinton, 1 in Snyder— 46 in all.
NUIOEB OF -RATTTR TffAT. YEABS.
As gathered fiom the Minutes, the Churches enjojed more or
less revival influences in the following proportions as to tears :
SI lamokin To wnsliip reported tapttsma In 37 out of oOypars of anion.
Mifton'^' ■"' "■■
Wolf Townsliip . '■ . .-
,., ■' 1
1 ■■„,.;
ShamoklnBorougti. ..
507 876
The record shows additions, oftener than once in two years,
to all the churches, on an average, (not including the 74 years
unreported ) Estimating three or four baptismal seasons per
year ia those 507 years of more fruitful labor, there were 1500 to
20OO public administrations of the ordinance. The average ia
eleven baptisms per year, per church, for the yeara reported.
108
NOETHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
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NOKTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATIOS.
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112 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
Occasionally, a * denoted the absence of some of
the foregoing from the annual meetings.
Other preachers labored for short periods, but are
not returned among the Messengers to the Association.
Some were pastors-elect, who did not remain until the
session ensuing. Some were supplies for an indefinite
period; some aided in special religious efforts ; others
preached on visits, during vacations, &c. Many of
these were very useful and worthy brethren, but as
they were but partially reported, it is not deemed ad-
visable to attempt any record except of those chosen
by the churches to represent them, or resident mem-
bers, ordained ministers.
Several were absent for years between the first and
last periods named, so that the table is not a sure
index of the length of time they were in the Associ-
ation. Brother Kincaid came in, 44 years ago, but
was twice absent for long periods, and is not now a
member of the Association. Brother Spratt came in
40 years ago, but was absent from 1842 to 1851 ;
Brother Miles came in 30 years ago, but was absent
1858 to 1860 ; Brother Miller came in 27 years ago,
but was absent 1849 to 1867. Brother Bliss came in
21 years ago, and has no break in his connection with
the Association.
Several were agents or teachers, yet have given
valuable ministerial aid to the cause. Some have
been pastors or supplies of different churches, and of
the same church more than once, as is set forth at
large in the respecUve church histories.
The apparently uncommon brief period of service
of many named, is accounted for by the fact that they
DENOM I NATION Ai CHANGES. 113
were students, from Hamilton or Lewisburg, seeking
only temporary engagements while pursuing their
studies.
It is believed that a majority of our ministers, in
the early history of the body, were educated as Pedo-
baptists, and proved most worthy members. Of the
129 named in the preceding table, one became a Pedo-
baptist, and three united with other denominations
holding to believers' baptism. In 1848, Mr. Ross came to
us from the Scotch Presbyterians; in 1849, Mr. Hamlin,
from the Methodists; in 1865, Mr. Leacock, from the
Free Will Baptists — and all afford a fresh cautioQ
against receiving ministers from other denominations
without sufficient examination of their personal wor-
thiness, as well as their declared faith. With these
exception s^ our ministers have sustained, as far as is
known, a character and reputation suitable to their
high calling.
HOUSES OF WORSHIP.
The history of the mother church, in Shamokin
Township, shows that money was raised in the Phila-
delphia Association, as early as 1799, to aid in erect-
ing the Jirst Baptist meeting house within our bounds.
Although now disused, its frame still stands, sur-
rounded by the graves of two preachers, and others,
pioneers of that region. The second house, built of
brick, dedicated in October, 1835, is in Hush town-
ship, and used by the church there. In December
following, the third was dedicated, on the Turnpike.
In 1844, they set apart the fourth, in Irish Valley, now
used by Summit Church — and at present are com-
pleting a, fifth, at Snydertown, to aid in which that on
the Turnpike has been taken down. Five houses in
seventy -five years, is a noble record for old Shamokin I
White Deer Church had a small log house on
Spring Creek, from 1810 to 1814, which was lost as
described in their history. The second, also of hewn
logs, near the site of that now used, was occupied from
1822 to 1837, when the present frame house was
erected, and has recently been refitted. A fourth, at
the Elimsport station, was dedicated in 1853.
The Little Muncy, now Madison Church, for some
HOUSES OF WORSHIP. 115
years occupied, with tbe Lutherans, a union house in
Moreland, and about 1834 built their own first house
in Derrj. Their second house, now used, north-west
of Jerseytown, was erected " and paid for" in 1845 or
1846.
Loyalsock, after using numerous school houses,
Rogers' factory, &g., as the varying population seemed
to rec[uire, announce this year that they have given
their share for the new Union meeting house, (at
Hillsgrove ?)
Milton, for some years from November, 1830, had
the distinction of building the first brick Baptist house
in central or northern Pennsylvania, and have recently
erected a second, more centrally located and com-
modious.
Clinton was supplied with a house of worship,
shortly after organization, in 1831. A fund of one
thousand dollars; left by Elizabeth, relict of the late
Deacon Benjamin Bear, is waiting for investment in a
new edifice on such a site as may be deemed advisable.
Jersey Shore enjoyed precious revivals in various
buildings temporarily employed. In December, 1844,
they dedicated their present house of worship, soon
adding a large bell — then regarded a sa very creditable
efibrt. In 1869, Brother E. B. Campbell was the
principal means of adding suitable rooms for confer-
ence and Sunday school purposes. They had an in-
terest and a revival in a house at Chatham's Run,
about 1840, but parted with the house for a consider-
ation. They well employ their joint right to the
chapel erected by Hon. Mr. Dodge, in 1852, on Pine
Creek, at Phelps' Mills. And in 1867 they dedicated
116 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
a mission house at Granville station, on the opposite
side of the river, the land being given by Jonathan
White, Esq.
The Baptists of Lock Haven were the first religi-
ous society in the place, but were long crippled by the
want of a local home, so essential to stability and en-
largement. They secured a lot of ground pre vious to
1850, exchanged it for a better in 1863, and in 1867
commenced the erection of a suitable house, the lower
portion of which they now occupy.
Eush was supplied with a good house while yet
united with Shamokin Township Church, in 1835.
Minersville had at" one time the use of a house, but
with a debt upon it.
Watsontown, .(while known as " Union" Church,)
erected, in 1847, their first house on the run in Dela-
ware township. The railway making this a better
rallying point, the church have nearly completed a
desirable edifice in the rising village of Watsontown.
Muncy were well supplied with a good brick house
as early as 1842 or 1843.
Northumberland were secured, by the proprietors
of the tov\n, with a lot, upon which, when needed, they
might build. After the organization of the church, a
small brick house was put up in 1842. The members
are now engaged in erecting a more inviting house,
which they hope soon to complete.
Sunbury also were provided, as early as 1843, with
a small house, which the growth of the town and of
the church we trust may soon prove altogether in-
sufficient for their needs.
Danville speedily erected (1843 and 1844) a good
HOUSES OP woRenip. IIT
brick house, wbich is now supplanted by one much
more commodious. The latter, commeoced in 1803
and dedicated in 1869, was at a cost of $13,090.
Berwick wisely gave themselves "a local habita-
tion" aa well as a " name," at an early day — their house
having been dedicated July 4th, 1843, less than a year
after the church organization. A house for ministers
was also f)ropos6d, but we know not that the work
has been accomplished.
Augusta dedicated their house, in Lower Augusta
township, in January, 184i— just previous to their or-
ganization as a church.
Lewiaburg Church were cradled in a low block
school-house, between a tavern and a grave yard,
where Elder William Grant held his meetings. In
1845, '46, they built a large brick bouse. In 1869,
they entered their seconrf, stone edifice, in size adapted
to its use as connected with the University, and in
finish and appearance excelled perhaps by no similar
building in the central part of the State. Upon this,
as upon some other houses in our Association, a debt
remains. In 1870, this chnrcbalso aided in building
a commodious house for their Montandpn station, nfear*"
the depot on the opposite side of the river,
Turbutville, when known as "Derry," occupied the
first house built by the Baptists, (about 1834,) on the
Moreland hills. The good of the cause, however,
dictated its abandonment, and the erection of the ele-
gant brick edifice in this village, dedicated in Sep-
tember, 1869. The grove and the grave yard around
the old Derry meeting house, have precious memories
118 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
to many. May the glory of the latter house exceed
the glory of the former I
Moreland, ia 18')3, abandoned the Union house,
where this Association iirst met, and built a better
one of their own, to which a burial place is attached.
Wolf Township, originally " Hughsville," erected,
about 1851, a suitable house, some two miles from
that village, near Picture Rocks.
Youngwomanstown never had a house as a nucleus.
Briar Creek, though few in number, erected a neat
and comfortable house, shortly after their organization,
in 1851.
M'Ewensville, in 1842, was supplied with a brick
house, chiefly by the family of Father James Moore.
This was some years before the church was recognized.
Laporte and Baglesmere worship in various build-
ings as they find it advisable and have opportunity.
We are not aware that any of the four small Baptist
churches in Sullivan county have a house wholly
their own.
First Williamsport, from their origin, shared the
temporal prosperity of the city, and on the 4:0th anni-
versary of this body, (September, I860,) dedicated a
superior building to the worship of God. It is clear
of debt and valued at $25,000. The young members,
in 1867, provided a comfortable mission house on
Washington Street, which has been a birth place of
many souls.
Benton own a half interest in the house known as
" Jackson Church," which was dedicated with a ser-
mon by Brother Wm. S. Hall, in September, 1853.
Selinsgrove early and liberally provided a house.
PAKS0NAQE8 LIBERALITY. 119
at a cost of $3,800, which was dedicated 1st of Janu-
ary, 1860.
Forksville, in 1867, expressed a desire to " arise and
build," but we are not aware that they have advanced
in the effort.
The Bloomsburg Baptists dedicated a substantial
frame meeting house, July 11th, 1859, and were re-
cognized in November following as a church.
White Hall Church was organized the same day,
(17th September, 1859,) that their neat brick house
was dedicated, in the village once known as " Fruits-
town." The ground, and barial place attached, with
a share of the $1,600 baildiog fund, were the contri-
bution of Sister Euphemia Derr, relict of Brother John
F. Derr.
Trevorton, chiefly through the labors of our de-
ceased brother,George Mowton,were supplied, at a cost
of $5,000, with an excellent brick house, which was
dedicated in January, 1862,
In Summit, the friends refitted, before the church
organization, their house, which had been erected
twenty years previous, by the Shamokin brethren, for
their Irish Valley station.
The well arranged house in Elimsport, dedicated
February 12th, 1853, was erected while connected with
the White Deer Church, Brother Robert Dunbar and
family bearing their fuU share of the enterprise.
The First German Williamsport, are weak in finances
as well as in numbers, but have been aided in erecting
a house, the past year, upon which a debt of $900
remained.
Second Williamsport, in the western part of the city,
120 NOETOUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
say, " Through the liberality of brethren and friends,
a pleasant and convenient house of worship has been
secured."
W infield has not decided upon the location of a
house — the village in " Dry Valley," and Chestnut
Eidge on the eastward, being spoken of for the site.
Washington Street, Williamsport, were supplied
with a neat brick house while the church was in its
germ as a mission school.
The new Shamokin Borough church do not speak
of their place of worship, but the importance of the
field demands an effort in that direction.
It will be observed that the Association has been
well served in the matter of church accommodations,
often at great sacrifices on the part of the members.
The amounts raised by them it would be impossible to
ascertain. Some churches received substantial aid
from abroad, to their building funds.
We find also in the Minutes, notices of special
efforts, at sessions of this body, to secure means to
build houses, not only within our own bounds, but
also beyond — at Harrisburg, Clearfield, York, Cham-
bersburg. Broad Top, and perhaps other points. And
much has been given, of which no mention appears in
the Minutes.
HOUSES FOB MINISTERS.
Are there any Baptist " Parsonages" in this Asso-
ciation? Might not several of the churches advanta-
geously employ their hearts and their hands by adding
these to their church facilities ?
FINANCES MINUTE MONIE*. 121
FINANCES.
The early Minutes Iiave few indications of anything
being done, at the annual meetings, by way of honor-
ing God with the substance He lias entrusted to His
stewards. Yet we learn, incidentally, that, according
to their means, the fathers and the mothers of the As-
sociation were devising liberal things. As wealth has
increased, contributions generally — not always — have
increased in fair proportion. The Minutes notice
much money given to various agencies for religious
and charitable purposes. But only a portion is of
record, and tbe accounts, kept by different persona,
are so varying and confused that it seems impracti-
cable to present, in a tabular form, any aggregate of
contributions. We have always had free, liberal,
hearty givers. May their riches and their inclinations
increase together ! May all our members whom Grod
has blessed with means, enjoy the luxury of giving,
while yet alive, to advance His cause who gave His
life for us I
HINITTE MONIES ACENOWLEDOED
182t
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$20 88
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28 90
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1808
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THE BIBLE ON BAPTISM.
I. Protest against Infant Baptism.
II. Sprinkling is not Christian Baptism.
III. The Baptismal Question continued.
The annexed articles are from the pen of our de-
ceased brother, George Higgins. They were written
as Circular Letters for the Northumberland Baptist
Association — the first in 1833, the second in 1837,
and the third in 1838. They may be received as an
index of the arguments most commonly used, on both
sides, at that period. The last, reprinted in 1850, had
the advantage of the personal supervision of the author
while it was in the press ; the others may have had
typographical errors, one of which is corrected in
our copy, which is from the original Minutes. They
will commend themselves as plain, pungent, forcible
arguments, drawn from the only tribunal to which
Christians should appeal.
PROTEST AGAINST INPAMT BAPTISM. 123
I PB0TE3T AGAINST 1SFAS7 BAPTISM.
If personal gratification or aggrandizement were
the object which engaged our attention and elicited
our religious efforts, it would be a matter of some im-
portance, in choosing subjects upon which to apeak or
write, to select such as accord generally with the sen-
timents of the Christian public. Our object, however,
is the dissemination of truth, to accomplish which, we
sometimes come unavoidably into collision with those
we love. If any, or all, the principles contained in
this letter, should be at variance with those of any
who read it, let them not suppose that in selecting the
subject of baptism as our theme, we had any wish to
wound their feelings or provoke their hostility. All
we ask, is a candid examination of the protest here
presented, leaving our readers to adopt or reject it,
according to the judgments they may respectively
form.
THE PROTEST.
Whereas, we, the ministers and messengers of the
Northumberland Baptist Association, denying the di-
vine right of any to the ordinance of Christian i[n-
mersion who are not professed believers in the Lord
Jesua Christ, have been accused of leaving our child-
ren to the uncovenanted mercies of God, and of a
want of respect to their salvation, by withholding from
them baptism; that we may not rest under imputa-
tions so iinfounded, and that the public may know
the reasons which influence us and our brethren of
the great Baptist family, in various partsof the world,
in denying the divine right of infants to baptism, we
324 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
do most deliberately, and with a full sense of our re-
sponsibility to God, in behalf of ourselves and the de-
nomination to which we belong, solemnly protest
against the baptizing of infants, for the reasons which
follow : - -
1. We protest because in its tendency it sets aside
believers' baptism, the only baptism of the New Tes-
tament. This is the fact, in every instance, where
those baptized in infancy, having been spiritually
quickened, have made a profession of religion, except
when, in despite of parental officiousness and the in-
fluence of an erroneous religious education, believers
have claimed, as their right, the blessed privilege of
being buried with Christ in baptism. Rom. 6:4; Col.
2 : 12. If infant baptism should become universal,
believers' baptism would be banished from the world :
so true is it that the traditions of men make void the
law of God. ■ Matt. 15: 6.
2. We protest because infants are incapable of what
are pre-requisites of the ordinance. These are faith
and repentance. Mark 16: 16; Acts 2: 37; Acts 8:
37-8. If it be said that faith is also necessary to sal-
vation, and that, if the want of it excludes from bap-
tism, it likewise shuts out of the kingdona of heaven,
and, Jtherefore, to deny infants baptism, is to deny
them salvation, we reply that the salvation of the
Gospel has nothing to do with infants. It is as much
confined to believers as the baptism of the Gospel.
Infants are saved, (Matt. 19 : 14), but not by faith.
Rom. 10: 17. Will the heathen, who never heard the
Gospel, be saved by it ? Eom. 2 : 12-15. Certainly
not: nor will infants
PROTEST AGAINST INFANT BAPTISM. 125
3. We protest because instructions should invaria-
bly succeed baptism, whieli infants are incapable ol
reeeiviDg. Matt. 28: 20. The baptized are to be in
structed ; but infants are incompetent to receive in
struction; therefore, infants are not to be baptized.
It was the practice in the earlier ages of the church
to address candidates for baptism (catechu mens)
upon the important business in .which they were en-
gaged, but the rise of infant baptism has, for good
reasons, set aside this custom. It would be a ludic-
rous spectacle to see a clergyman addressing an infant
in its mother's or nurse's arms upon the subject of bap-
tism, and yet it would be just as rational, scriptural,
and useful, as to baptize it.
4. We protest because it ascribes an nnscriptural
amount of faith to parents. Most professing Christians
hold that faith is essential to a scriptural administration
of baptism, and this f^ct is taught in the Word of God
beyond dispute. Ileb. 11:6; Rom. '14: 23. Aware
of this, somj have absurdly supposed infants capable
of faith; others, more rational but not more scriptu-
ral in their opinion, have rejected this hypothesis,
and thought the faith of the parent suf&cient. If there
is any doctrine among Prote.-itants having an af&nity
to the doctrine of works of supererogation among
Catholics, it is this supererogation of faith. Have
Christian parents a superabundance of faith ? If
baptism be the seal of the covenant of grace, the rite
of initiation into the Christian church, and faith of
parents that which entitles children to baptism, does
the faith of parents save the souls of baptized child-
ren who die in infancy ? and what becomes of unbap-
126 NOKTHTTMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
tized children when they die? We hope those con
corned will ponder well these interrogatories.
5. We protest because infant baptism arrogates to
itself prerogatives of the Holy Spirit. It professes-
to be a seal of the covenant of grace. But where is
the evidence ? What does it seal to the baptized who
live and die in sin? Did the Apostle consider bap-
tism, or the Holy Spirit, the agent of our spiritual
sealing ? Does he say that we are sealed in infancy,
or when we believe f Let him speak. "In whom
(Christ) also, after that ye believed, ye were sealed
with that Holy Spirit of promise." Eph. 1: 13.
"Grieve not the Holy Spirit of God whereby ye are
sealed unto the day of redemption." 4 : 80. It pro
fesses to regenerate the soul. But this our Lord as-
sured Nicodemus is the work of the Spirit. John 3 : 8.
6. • We protest because infant baptism reverses the
order of the commission. " Go ye therefore and teach
(or disciple) all Tiations, baptizing them," &c. " He
that believeth and is baptized," &c., was the language
of Zion's King. Matt. 28: 19; Mark 16: 16. This
order was scrupulously observed by the obedient dis-
ciples. John 4: 1, 2 ; Acts 8 : 12. Those who in the
commission by Matthew are termed disciples, are in
the commisnon by Mark considerei believers, and in
Acts 11: 26, they are called Christians. It is clear
then, that the commission authorizes the baptism of
disciples, believers or Christians, not to make them
such, but because they sustain the character. There-
fore, to baptize those who have not believed, been
discipled, &c., is to reverse the order of the commis-
sion of our Lord. Matt. 5: 19.
PROTEST AGAINST INEAKT BAPTISM. 12t
7. We protest because baptism, administered to
children, is not the answer of a good conscience,
IPet. 3: 21.
8. W e protest because, if infant baptism were true,
then the Almighty must have designed that the Chris-
tian Cbnroh should embrace a larger proportion of
unregenerate than regenerate members ; and the dis-
tinction of John is of questionable propriety, 1 John
5: 19. If infants are to be baptized, either because
they are church members, by virtue of their eonnec-
tioQ with believing parents, or to eoostitute them sQCh,
then there was some tratb ia the statement of a rev-
erend gentleman, who, in giving to the public the sta-
tiatioa of the denomination to which he belongs, said
that for every communicating member there are fifteen
non-commuaicating members. What a corrupt mass I
lifteen-sixteenths dead in trespasses and in sins I Is
this a church of Christ ? Would the language of the
Apostle addressed to the church of Rome apply to it
— " T thank my God through Jesus Christ for you all,
that your faith is spoken of throughout the whole
world." Rom. 1:8.
9. We protest because Pedobaptists, in furnishing
reports which classify the baptized, are constrained to
employ a phraseology so different from the Apostles,
as to make it evident that their practice is different.
The Apostles report the baptized as " men and wo-
men," (Acts 5: 14; Acts 8: 12;) Pedobaptists, as
adults and infants — the Apestles, as those who " be-
lieve," "receive the word gladly," &o, (Acts 18: 8;
Acts 2 : 41 ;) Pedobaptists, as those who believe, and
their children.
128 NOETHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
10. We protest because, if infant baptism be scrip-
tural, then the Gospel teaches two baptisms; but this
cannot be, for the Apostle affirms there is only "one
baptism," Eph. 4:5. It is certain, from the commis-
sion and the uniform practice of the Apostles, that
believers are to be baptized. The obligation is upon
believers — is universal, and perpetual. If, therefore,
it cou'ld be proved that infants are to be baptized,
there yet would exist the law to baptize believers.
So then anabaptism is not so horrible a thing as some
have imagined.
11. We protest on account of the inconsistencies
involved in infant baptism. 1. If there be authority
to baptize children, is not the authority to grant them
the privileges of the Lord's supper equally strong?
and is there not a manifest impropriety in granting
them the ordinance of baptism, and withholding the
memorials of a Saviour's passion? The one is as
ancient as the other, and it is certain that infant com-
munion was practised in the Roman Catholic church
until the doctrine of transubstantiation, was originat-
ed ; and-it still exists in the Greek church. Dr. Wall
says that the Roman church, about the year one thou-
sand, entertaining the doctrine of transubstantiation,
let fall the custom of giving the holy elements to in-
fants, but that the Greek church, not having the same
doctrine, continued, and do still continue, the custom
of communicating infants. Dr. Priestly: "It is re-
markable that in all Christian antiquity, we always
find that communion in the Lord's supper immediately
followed baptism. And nothing occurs as that of any
person having a right to one of these ordinances and
PROTEST AGAINST INFANT BAPTIPM. 129
not the other." Ghillingwortk: "St. Augustine, I am
sure, lield the communicating of infants as much
apcSatolio tradition as the baptizing them " 2. Bap
tism is called a sacrament of the New Testament, then
why do Pedobaptists recur to the Old Testament — to
circumcision, and the Abrahamic covenant, to ascer-
tain who are the proper subjects of baptism ? Is there
no discrepancy in this? But we forbear.
12. We protest beciuse the flimsy and irrelevant
arguments which its friends are sometimes constrained
to employ, but too plainly bespeak the utter hopeless-
ness of the cause. It is iio unusual thing for an illit-
erate Baptist to triumph over an educated Pedobap-
tist ; and it is not unfrequently the case that the latter,
when completely routed, musters to his aid the unira
portaace of baptism, its non-essential character, the
piety, learning, and numbers upon the side of infant
baptism, as if an ordinauce of Jesus Christ could be
unimportant or non-essential ! as if piety, learning,
and numbers were always upon the side of truth ! If
baptism be so unimportant, why is it termed the seal
of the covenant, the rite of initiatioQ, and the laver of
regeueratiou ? If truth be upon the side of learning
and numbers, why are we not all Catholics 1 To talk
about piety in such a matter, is disrespectful if not in-
vidious.
13. "We protest because the contrariety of sentiment
which has obtained among the advocates of infant
baptism, is but too ominous of the perplexities under
which they labor in discussing it. In every point
they are at issae. They are not agreed as to the pro-
per subjects. Some affirm that the children of believ-
130 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION,
ers alone are to be brought to the ordinance ; others
assert, and with equal confidence, that all children are
entitled to its privileges. They do not agree as to the
reasons or grounds of infant baptism. Some are of
opinion that it removes original sin. The Church of
England say that children are regenerated in baptism.
Some think that children are to be baptized to consti-
tute them members of the visible church ; others hold
that they are to receive baptism because interested in
the covenant of grace, of which it is a sign and seal.
Wall, Lightfoot and others suppose it was borrowed
from Jewish pxoselyte baptism. Sir Norton Knatch-
buU rejects the proselyte plunging, and recurs to cir-
cumcision. Vitringa and Venema object to circum-
cision as a ground of infant baptism, and with Wit-
sius, suppose infants in a relative state of grace. Mr.
Baxter makes the faith of parents the condition of
their children's church membership and salvation, and
Mr. Henry considers a profession of faith, made by
parents, an infant's title to baptism ; but Archbishop
Leighton opposes this as neither clear from Scripture
nor sound reason. Calvin, Melancthon and generally
the Lutheran churches, (says Bingham) own a sort of
faith in infants. The Church of England proceeds
upon the profession made by the sureties, the God-
fathers and God-mothers ; and Bishop Prideaux says
that Pedobaptism rests upon no other divine right
than Episcopacy. They are not agreed as to what con-
stitutes baptism. All consider immersion or dipping,
baptism, but the Roman Catholics and most Protestant
denominations think pouring, and indeed any appli-
cation of water, valid baptism, while the Greeks and
PROTEST AGAINST INFANT EAPTI-M. 131
all other Christians in the world, who never owned
the Pope's usurped power, do and ever did dip. Dr.
Wall: "Besides, although infant fiopiism began about
the second or third century, yet learned biblical an-
tiquarians say that infant sprinkling was began about
the thirteenth century." Bossuet: "We are able to
make it appear by the acts of councils and by the
ancient rituals, that for thirteen hundred years, baptism
was thus {bj immersion) administered throughout the
whole church as far as was possible." Stu-khouse:
" Several authors have shown and proved that this '
immersion continued (as much as possible) to be used
for thirteen hundred ysRva after Christ."
1-i. We protest because it is certain, from ecclesi-
astical history, that infant baptism had no existence
until the close of the second, or beginning of the third
century. Bishop Barlow: "I do believe and know,
that there is neither precept nor example in Scripture
forPedobaptisra,nor any just evidence for it for about
two hundred years after Christ." Salmasius and Sui-
cerus: "In the two first centuries uo one was baptized
except being instructed in the faith, and, being ac-
quainted with the doctrine of Christ, he was able to
profess himself a believer." Rigaltius : " In the Acts
we read that both men and women were baptized,
when they believed the Gospel preached by Philip,
without any mention being made of infants. From
the Apostolic age, therefore, to the time of Tertullian,
the matter is doubtful."
15. We protest because Catholic writers are bold
to say that Protestants have no other authority for in-
fant baptism, than the practice of the church. Usher's
132 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
Body of Divinity: "Yet our adversaries (the Catho-
lics) quarrel against this most rich and plentiful treas-
ure of the Holy Scriptures, alleging that we (Prot-
estants) receive many things by tradition which are
not in Scripture, and yet we believe them, as — the
baptism of infants." Bishop of Meaux: "Experience
has shown that all attempts of the Eeformed, to con-
found the Anabaptists by the Scripture, have been
weak, and therefore they are ait last obliged to allege
to them the practice of the church."
17. We protest because eminent Pedobaptists have
conceded that there is no command for, nor example
of infant baptism in the Word of God. Mr. Baxter,
in his appeal to Mr. Blake, uses this forcible lan-
guage : " I conclude that all examples of baptism in
Scripture, do mention only the administra,tion of it to
the professors of saving faith, and the precepts give
us no other directions. And I provoke Mr. Blake as
far as it is seemly for me to do, to name one precept
or example for baptizing any other, and to make it
good if he can." Luther : " It cannot be proved from
the sacred Scriptures that infant baptism was instituted
by Christ, or begun by the first Christians after the
Apostles." Bishop Burnet: "There is no express
precept or rule given in the New Testament for bap-
tism of infants." Limborch: "There is no instance
can be produced from which it may indisputably be
inferred, that any child was baptized by the Apostles."
17. We protest because eminent Quakers, who are
impartial witnesses in this controversy, have given
their uniform and unequivocal testimony against in-
fant baptism. Robert Barclay: "As to the baptism of
PROTEST AGAINST INFANT BAPTISJI. 133
infanta,- it ia a mere human tradition." William Penn:
" There is not one text of Scriptnre to prove that
sprinkling in the face was water baptism, or that child-
ren were the subjects of water baptism in the first
times." George Whitehead: " What great hypocrisy
and insincerity are those personsj ustly chargeable with,
in the sight of God, angels and men, in their not prac-
tising that baptism they have pleaded for, from the
practice of the Apostles t but, instead thereof, rantism
or sprinkling of infants, to make them thereby mem-
bers of Christ and of his church militant." Ihomas
Lawson : " Sprinkling of infants is a ease unprece-
dented in the primitive church, an irreptitions custom
sprung up in the night of apostacy after the falling
away of the primitive order." See the author of
"Eantism (that is, sprinkling) not Christ nor the Apos-
tles, hut Cyprian ; not in the days of Christ, but some
230 years after."
Dear Brethren: We submit the above protest with
confidence that it will meet with a cordial reception
by you, and will ao far satisfy our Pedobaptist breth-
ren who may examine it, as to prevent such reflections
as gave origin to this feeble effort. Our recent review
of the baptismal controversy has strengthened our
conviction that infant baptism is a human superstruc-
ture, whose foundation ia in the sand, and which is
destined by the swellings and irresistible torrents of
truth, to he swept entirely away.
134 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
II. SPEINKLING IS NOT CHEISTIAIT BAPTISM.
In our Circular of 1833, we presented a protest
against Infant Baptism. In our present Circular, we
give you a protest against Sprinkling.
We do most solemnly and deliberately protest
against sprinkling, because —
1. It does not express the signification of tbe Greek
word, by which the ordinance of baptism was origi-
nally designated. The discussion of the action of
baptism is purely philological. This results from the
fact that baptize, the Greek word used invariably by
Christ and the Apostles, is not translated in our ver-
sion of the sacred Scriptures. The translators have
done nothing more than give the Greek verb an Eng-.
lish termination. If they had translated it, there never,
probably, would have been any dispute about it. In
order, therefore, to determine its meaning, reference
must be had to classic usage. We cannot now go into
an elaborate investigation, but must content ourselves
with merely adverting to the present aspect of this
controversy. That excellent scholar and critic, Mr.
Carson, in his reply to Dr. Wardlaw and Mr. Ewing
of Scotland, maintains that bapto, the root, has the
two meanings, to dip, to dye ; but baptizo, the deriva-
tive, has only the one signification, to dip. To fortify
the position assumed, he has entrenched himself with
about two hundred quotations, from more than forty
Greek writers, the Septuagint, Apocrypha, and New
Testament. The redoubtable Dr. Miller, of Princeton,
after having reconnoitered the forti fication, thinks that
it is vulnerable, but lacks either prowess or courage to
NOT BAPTISM. 135
lead on an attack. Professor Stuart, of Aodover,
stands in the very first rank in the learned world. In
his elaborate work on baptism, he assigns to baptize,
in the classics and Septuagiot, the meanings to plnnge,
to overwhelm ; and in the Apocrypha and the New
Testament, to wash, Se has not in a single instance
alleged sprinkling as a meaning. Professor Eipley of
Newton, and Eev. Willard Judd of New York, have
answered the work of Professor Stuart, and shown,
triumphantly, that baptizo always can be construed in
the sense of dip, or immerse. Mr. Judd, like Mr.
Carson, considers this discussion as purely philologi-
cal. He has pushed tlie examination of bapto and
baptizo, commenced by Mr. Carson, until almost the
■whole mass of Greek literature extant, has passed
under review. His masterly work contains numer-
ous quotations, not noticed by Mr, Carson, so that in
the two books we have about three hundred Greek
extracts, &om about sixty Heathen, Jewish and Chris-
tian writers. "In fine," says Mr, Judd, " there is no
word whose meaning is capable of being more defi-
nitely and satisfactorily settled, on principles of phi-
lology and common sense, than is that of baptizo ;
and no fact is more clearly established, than that this
word has always, and everywhere, signified immer-
sion, and has never been used in any other sense."
2. Words which express mode can have but one
meaning. Baptizo is a word of this character. Hence
probably the phrase, "one baptism." Eph. 4 : o. The
words wash, wet, dye, &c., do not indicate mode, and
may include all modes; but the words dip, pour,
sprinkle, &c., are significant of mode, are not inter-
136 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
changeable, and therefore cap. signify only one mode.
We .challenge the learned world to produce one in-
stance, from any language, where a modal word sig-
nifies more modes than one. Now, as the learned
have given their unanimous testimony that baptize
signifies to dip, or immerse, it is clear as the sun
shining at noon day, that it does npt mean to sprinkle.
3. It cannot be made to supply the place of baptize.
Words of the same meaning can be substituted one
for the other. No one will question this. If, there-
fore, the word sprinkle is the meaning of baptize, it
will fill its place, and the sense be preserved. Wc
will test it by this rule. Mark 1 : 8, 9, " I indeed
have baptized yea in (Greek en) water, but He shall
baptize you in the Holy Ghost. And it came to pass
in those days, that Jesus came from Nazareth ef
Galilee, and was baptized of John into (eis) Jor-
dan." Rom. 6 : 3, 4, " Knew ye not that so many
of us as were baptized into Jesus Christ were baptized
into his death ? Therefore we are buried with him
by baptism," &c. Eead these passages again, and use
the words sprinkle and sprinkling, instead of baptize
and baptism, and you will readily see that the sense
is destroyed ; and then read them again, using the
words immerse and immersion, and you will see at
once that the sense is preserved, It is obvious, there-
fore, that immersion is baptism, and sprinkling is not.
4. Sprinkling does not account for facts, connected
with the mission of John the Baptist. The harbinger
of Jesus was sent to the Jewish nation, to prepare the
way for the Messiah's advent into the world. He
proclaimed the approach of the kingdom of heaven,
SPRINKLTNG IS NOT
and baptized all who embraced his message and ex-
hibited, by reformation of life, the required evidence
of repentance for sin; It is*nataral to suppose that
he would have commenced his ministry in Jerusa-
lem, the capital of the State, the seat of government,
of literature and of population, whither the tribes
were accustomed to repair annually for ;fforship. Bat
no! He began in the wilderness of Judea, several
miles from Jerusalem, where he must be content to do
without ordinary raiment and aliment, and habit him-
self in camel's hair, and live upon locusts and wild
honey ; and " the inhabitants of Jerusalem, Judea, and
tbe region round about Jordan," must resort hither.
But why ? Can any other reason be given, than that
the river Jordan, whose d^ep waters had been thrice
parted by miracle, was there? (Joshua 3: 15-6 ; 2
Kings, 2 : 8, 15 ;) and Bethabara, which was a house
or temple of passage, and denoted the place of fording,
was there ? Here then was a most eligible place for
immersion. After having baptized a multitude here,
John repaired to Enon, for the same reason by which
he had been -led to commence his ministry at Betha-
bara. because there was much water there. (John
3, 23.) These facts certainly put the supposition that
John practised sprinkling, wholly out of the question!
Hence Tertullian, who lived within a century after
the Apostle John, speaks- of the people " whom John
dipped in Jordan," (quos Joannes in Jordane tinsit.)
Hence Dr. Lightfoot and Adam Clarke have remarked
that the baptism of John was by plunging, &;c.
5. Circumstances connected with the administration
of baptism show, that sprinkling was not the primi-
138 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
tive baptism. It is recorded that John baptized in the
river Jordan, (Mark 1:5;) that Jesus was baptized of
John into (eis) Jordan, (Mark 1:9;) that when he was
baptized he went up, arose, emerged (anabaino) straight-
way from the water, &c. ; that Philip and the Euntich
went down both into the water, hoth Philip and the
Eunuch, and he (Philip) baptized him, and when they
were come up out of the water, &c.. Acts 8 : 38-9. It
is evident from the recorded narrative, that the jailor
and his house were baptized out of doors, probably in
the river Strymon, (Acts 16 : 13.) "We submit to the
serious consideration of the candid a few questions.
Is it probable that John would have baptized in the
river ? that Philip and the Eunuch would have gone
hoth into the water? that the circumstances of going
down into and coming up out of the water, would have
been so minutely recorded, if the primitive baptism
had been sprinkling ? Can the fact that the jailor and
his family were baptized out of doors, and at midnight,
be accounted for, unless they were immersed ? Is it
not morally certain, that if our Lord was baptized into
Jordan, he was immersed ?
6. The phraseology by which baptism is indicated,
cannot be construed to favor sprinkling. The phrase,
" born of water," refers manifestly to the emerging
from the water in baptism, and cannot be tortured to
testify for sprinkling. (John 3 : 5.) The expression
" and our bodies washed with pure water," connected
as it is with the phrase " having our hearts sprinkled
from an evil conscience," cannot relate to anything
less, than a complete lotio, or an immersion. (Heb.
10 : 22.) We have a similar form of expression in
SPKINKLINO IS MOT BAPTISM. 139
Titiis 3:6; the washing (Loutrou, Lavacrum, bath) of
regeneration, &c. This phrase also undoubtedly refers
to immersion. See also Col. 2 : 12 ; 3:1.
7. The explanation of baptism by an inspired
Ap'ostle, and the argument he derives from it, make
it evident that the baptism of primitive times was im-
mersion, and not sprinkling, (fiom. 6 : 3, 4.) We
paraphrase the passage thus : " Know ye not that
Jesus died, descended into the grave, and rose again
to take away sin ; and that ye were buried by bap-
tism, to express by your immersion into water and
emersion from the water, your reliance upon his death
and resurrection, to purify you from sin, and your ob-
ligation to live a holy life 'i" Whether the burial be
interpreted of natural or moral death, is of no conse-
quence. Here is a figure of death, burial and resur-
rection, and that figure is baptism. It is worthy of
observation that in this passage, the Apostle describes
baptism as universally understood : "Know yp. not that
so many of ,us," &c. And as submitted to by our
precious Saviour : " Therefore we are buried wilh
ffim," &Q. That this passage has an allusion to the
ancient practice of immersion, all candid men of every
religious denomination admit. We will furnish the
very language of a few celebrated writers. Arch-
bishop Tillotson says, "Anciently, those whq, were
baptized, were immersed, and buried in the water, to
represent their death to sin ; and then did rise up out
of the water, to signify their entrance upon a new life.
And to these customs the Apostle alludes." Dr. Dod-
dridge says, " It seems the part of candor to confess
that here is an allusion to the manner of baptiziuo- by
140 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
immersion." John "Wesley remarks, "Buried with
him — alluding to the ancient manner of baptizing by
immersion."
8. Ancient historic events by which baptism is
illustrated, show that the primitive practice was im-
mersion, and not sprinkling. 1 Cor. 10 : 1, 2. A
very few observations upon this passage will be suffi-
cient. The Apostle calls the passage of the Israelites
through the parted waters of the Eed Sea, and their
being under the cloud, a baptism in the cloud and in
the sea. The baptism was figurative. The Lord by
a strong wind had parted the waters and made the
bottom dry. (Exodus 14 : 21.) The floods stood up-
right as an heap, and the depths were congealed in the
heart of the sea. Exodus 15 : 8. The children of
Israel Walked upon dry land, in the midst of the sea ;
14 : 29. The resemblance between this event and
baptism, is obvious. Because, while they passed
through the sea, and were under the cloud, they were,
to- the view of the Egyptians in their rear, completely
buried in the cloud and sea. Between this and sprink-
ling, there is no resemblance. 1 Peter 3 : 20. » This
ApostlQ could see a resemblance between the event to
which this passage has reference, and baptism. As
the eight, by entering the ark and permitting God to
shut them in, evinced their faith in God and were
saved, so Christians by baptism evince that faith in
Christ which saves the soul. Hence baptism is called
the answer of a good conscience. He noticed also that
the salvation of the eight, and baptism, are emblems
of the resurrection of Christ. As Noah and wife, his
three sons and their wives, entered the ark and re-
IS NOT BAfTISM. 14L
mained in it until the waters with which the ark had
been enveloped were assuaged, and then went forth
out of the ark; so our Lord entered the grave until
the third day, and then arose according to prophecy ;
so also in baptism, we enter within the water, and then
arise from it. Upon the supposition that sprinkling is
baptism, this passage is altogether inexplicable.
9. Sprinkling is not an emblem of the resurrection
of believers. 1 Oor, 15 : 29. Paul is proving the
doctrine of a future resurrection. He derives an ar-
gument from baptism. Now if there is no resurrec-
tion, why then are we baptized? On that supposition,
there is no meaning in baptism. It is absurd for any
to be baptized who do not believe in a future resur-
rection, because baptism is a figure of resurrection.
A child can see that this argument has force, only
because baptism is immersion.
10. It is calculated to produce erroneous concep-
tions of the extent of Christ's sufferings. Matt.
20 : 22, 3 ; Mark 10 : 38, 9 ; Luke 12 : 50. These
scriptures represent the sufferings of Christ as a bap-
tism. Why ? Manifestly on account of their intense
and overwhelming nature, and in correspondence with
the prophetic language of David, Psalms 69 : 1-2, 14.
Accordingly, Dr. Campbell translates these passages
thus : '■! have an immersion to undergo, and how am
I straightened till it be accomplished!" "Can ye
drink such a cup as I must drink ; or undergo an im-
mersion like that which I must undergo ?" Dr. Dod
dridge paraphrases them thus, " Are you able to drink
of the bitter cup, of which I am now about to drink
so deep, and to be baptized with the baptism, and
142 NORTHBMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
plunged into fhe sea of sufferings, witli wliioli I am
shortly to be baptized, and as it were overwhelmed
for a time ?" " I have indeed a most dreadful bap-
tism to be baptized with, and I know that I shall
shortly be bathed as it were in blood, and plunged in
the most overwhelming distress." The eloquent Sir
H. Trelawny remarked, " Here, I must acknowledge,
our Baptist brethren have the advantage ; for our Re-
deemer's sufferings must; not be compared to a few
drops of water sprinkled on the face, for he was
plunged into distress, and his soul was environed with
sorrows."
11. Sprinkling does not convey an adequate notion
of the baptism of the Holy Spirit. It was predicted
that the reign of the Messiah should be distinguished
by the prevalence of spiritual light or knowledge.
Isaiah 42 : 6, 7 ; 60 : 1, 3 ; Jer. 31 : 34. Accordingly
Christ is called the light of the world, and Christians
the children of light. John 1 : 7, 9 ; 12 : 36 ; Luke
16 : 8 ; Eph. 5. In the Apostolic age, the disciples,
especially the Apostles and preachers, in order that
the absence of Christ the light of the world, might
be in some measure supplied, were favored with ex-
traordinary communications of the Spirit. These had
been promised. He shall baptize you in (en) the Holy
Spirit — in the Holy Ghost and in fire. Mark 1:8;
Matt. 3:11; Luke 3 : 16. For John truly baptized
in water, but ye shall be baptized in the Holy Ghost.
Acts 1:5; John 16 : 7, 15. The Greek fathers must
have understood the nature of this promise, as exhi-
bited under the symbol of baptism. Theophylact, com-
menting upon the words " he shall baptize you in the
SPRINKLINQ IS NOT BAPTISM, 143
Holy Spirit," says, "That is, lie shall iuundate you
abundantly with the gifts of the Spirit." Cyril of
Jerusalem says, " For aa he that goes down into the
water and is baptized, is surrounded on all sides by
the water, so the Apostles were totally baptized, (im-
mersed) by the Spirit. The water surrounds the body
externally, but the Spirit incomprehensibly baptizes
(immerses) the soul within." Sprinkling does not ex-
press the baptism of the Spirit.
12, No fact in ecclesiastical history is more fully
made out, than that immersion was the invariable
practice, throughout the Christian churches, in times
immediately subsequent to the apostolic age. Pro-
fessor Stuart concedes this, and proves it by copious
extracts from early Christian writers, observing that
the passages which refer to immersion in the fathers
are so numerous, that it would take a little volume
merely to recite them. Hermas and Barnabas were
contemporaries and companions of the Apostles.
Hermas remarks, "That seal (of the Son of God) is
the water of baptism, into which men go down bound
unto death, but come up appointed unto life," Bar-
nabas saysj " We go down into the water full of sins
and pollutions, but come up again bringing forth fruit,
having in our hearts the fear and hope, which is in
Jesus by the Spirit." Justin Martyr, who suffered
martyrdom at Eome about the middle of the second
century, in his apology for Christians, addressed to
the Kmperor, Senate, and People of Eome, in describ-
ing baptism, says, " They who are persuaded and do
believe that those things which are taught by us are
triie, and do promise to live according to them, are
1-14 NORTHtlMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
directed first to pray and ask God with fasting the
forgiveness of their former sins ; and we also pray and
fast with them. Then we bring them to some place
where there is water, and they are baptized by the
same way of baptism by which we were baptized ; for
they are washed or bathed in the name of God the
Father, the Lord of all things, and of our Saviour
Jesus Christ, and of the Holy Spirit." TertuUian,
A. D. 204, says in reference to candidates for baptism,
" Because the person .... is let down in the water
and with a few words said is dipped." And again,
" There is no difference whether one is washed (bathed)
in a sea, or in a pool, in a river, or in a fountain, in a
lake, or in a channel, nor is there any difference between
them whom John dipped in Jordan, and those whom
Peter dipped in the Tiber." And again, " We are
immersed in the water." It is unnecessary to multiply
these extracts, which we could readily do from the
writings of Gregory, Nazianzen, and Basil, A. D. 360,
Ambrose, and Cyril, of Jerusalem, A.D. 374, Chrys-
ostom, A. D. 398, and others. And hence Dr. Nean-
der, of Germany, who is thoroughly acquainted with
ecclesiastical history, has justly said that, "The prac-
tice of immersion in the first centuries, beyond all
doubt was prevalent throughout the whole church."
13. TheGreek church have ever practised immer-
sion. Professor Stuart says, " The mode of baptism
by immersion, the Oriental church has always con-
tinued to preserve, even down to the present time.
The members of this church are accustomed to call
the members of the western churches, "sprinkled
Christians," by way of ridicule and contempt. They
SPKIHKLINQ IS NOT BAFTI6H. 145
maintain that baptiao can 7nean nothing but immerge;
and that baptism by sprinkling is as great a solecism
as immersion by sprinkling ; and tbey claim to them-
selves the honor, of having preserved the ancient
sacred rite of the church /ree _/Vow4 change and from
corruption, which would destroy its significancj." R.
Kobinaon remarks, "The native Greeks must under-
stand their own language better than foreigners, and
they have always understood the word baptism to
signify dipping; and therefore, from their first em-
bracing Christianity to this day, they have always
baptized and do yef baptize by immersion. The Pan-
talogia, Article Greek Church: "That part of the
Christian church which was first established in Greece,
and is now spread over a larger extent of country than
any other established church. It may be observed
that, amid all their trifling rites, they practice trine
immersion, which is unquestionably the primitive
manner." The testimony of the Greeks is conclusive.
If they are not competent judges of the meaning of a
Greek word, where shall we find those who are ?
11. Sprinkling is an innovation, and was gradually
introduced. The Edinburgh Encyclopedia gives the
following historic account : "The first law for sprink-
ling was obtained in the following manner: Pope
Stephen II. being driven from Bome by Astolphus,
king of the Lombards, in 753, fled to Pepin, who a
short time before had usurped the crown of France,
Whilst he remained there, the monks of Cressy in
Brittany consulted him, whether in case of necessity,
baptism performed by pouring water upon the head
of the in^nt would be lawfiil. Stephen replied that
13
146 NORTHUMBEELAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
it would. But though the truth of this fact should be
allowed, which however some Catholics deny, yet
pouring or sprinkling was admitted only in cases of
necessity. It was not till the year 1311, that the legis-
lature in a council held at Ravenna, declared immer-
sion or sprinkling to be indifferent. In this country,
[Scotland,] however, sprinkling was never practiced
in ordinary cases, till after the Reformation, (about
the middle of the 16th century;) and in England, even
in the reign of Edward VI. (A. D. 1547-1553) trine
immersion was commonly observed. But during the
persecution of Mary, many persons, most of whom
were Scotsmen, fled from England to Geneva, and
there greedily imbibed the opinions of that church.
In 1556, a book was published at that place, contain-
ing ' The forms of prayers and ministration of sacra-
ments, approved by the famous and godly-learned
man, John Calvin,' in which the administrator is en-
joined to take water in his hand, and lay it on the
child's forehead. These Scottish exiles who had re-
nounced the authority of the Pope, implicitly acknow-
ledged the authority of Calvin; and returning to their
own country with John Knox at their head, in 1559,
established sprinking in Scotland. From Scotland,
this practice made its way into England in the reign
of Elizabeth ; but was not authorized by the estab-
lished church." Indeed, the church of England has
never, by any ecclesiastical council, sanctioned sprink-
ling, except in extraordinary instances. Although
sprinkling is now the universal practice of that church,
yet their liturgy has always required immersion, ex-
cept in cases of weakness.
SPRINKLING IS NOT BAPTISM. 14T
15. Sprinkling ia one of the legitimate results of
Popish artifice, by which the divine will and man's
duty are concealed. It ever has been the policy of
Papal Home to keep the common people in ignorance
of God's truth. One unholy and but too successful
device is, to not translate certain Greek words, hut to
give them a merely English termination. Hence the
English Testament printed at Rheims, in 1582, con-
tains the words Paraaieve, Holecaust, Tunike, Neo-
phyte, Azymes, Baptize, and a multitude of others.
Fuller, the historian, has well remarked that their
translation needed to be translated over again. These
untraaslated words could not be understood by a
merely English reader, and so the mother church might
explain them so as either not to interfere with her cor-
rupt dogmas, or to favor them. Hence baptizo, which
originally signified to dip, is now made to mean wash,
pour, sprinkle, &c., &;c. And what is the result?
Why, while Baptists can translate baptizo into any
and every language, Pedohaptista cannot translate it
into one single language : because, in no language can
a word be found to cover all the meanings they attach
to it ! So the word must beg its way through the
world, forever untranslated ! But no 1 The light
begins to shine. Magna est Veritas et prevalihii.
16, It ia an innovation which sanctions and encour-
ages every other innovation. So long aa sprinkling
is practised by Protestants, Bomanists have a plea, for
all the unscriptural and extravagant corruptions, with
which their worship abounds. Their masses, prayers
for the dead, confessions, &c., are of equal authority
with sprinkling: or rather, hke it, they are without
148 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
authority. This is a difficulty which the learned
Whitby felt. He says, "This immersion being religi-
ously observed by all Christians for thirleen centuries
and approved by our church, and the change of it into
aprinkling even without any allowance from the
Author of this institution, or any license from any
council of the church, being that which the Bomamist
still urges to justify his refusal of the cup to the laity ;
it were to be wished, that this custom might b& again
of general use," &c.
17. It leads to a lax policy, which is usually avoided
in things less sacred and momentous. All agree that
immersion is valid baptism : but multitudes of the
learned and pious reject sprinkling, as surreptitious.
Why then cling to sprinkling, with all the dark dubi-
ousness in which it is shrouded, while immersion is
bright as the unclouded sun at noon day ? Would a
judicious person in the prosecution of an important
enterprise; employ means of doubtful expediency,
when he could avail himself of others which were
direct and certain ?
18. It has induced views which disparage the au-
thority, and example of the Son of God. Whence
came those expressions so often heard from the lips of
Pedobaptists — "Baptism is non-essential" — "it is un-
important" — "it is a mere external rite," &c., &c. We
may aver unhesitatingly, that had not sprinkling been
brought into the church to nourish the pride of the
corrupt, language so derogatory to the authority and
example of Jesus Christ, would never have found a
place in the vocabulary of Christians.
19. The principle which procured the introduction
SPRINKLING IS NOT BAPTISM. 149
of sprinkling, must not be admitted, A auperstitioua
efficacy had been ascribed to baptism. It was sup-
posed to be indispensable to salvation. It tbeti was
an object of desire that none should die without it.
But the immersion of those who were in the last stage
of disease was deemed impracticable, and, as a matter
of extreme expediency, water was poured upon them
at first, and afterwards sprinkled. This however was
considered an imperfect baptism, and termed " bap-
tisms cliiticorum." The earliest historic notice that
Dr. Wall could find, is the ease of Novation, about the
middle of the third century. Euaebius says, " That
he fell into a dangerous disease, and because he was
very like to die, was baptized in the bed where he lay,
if that might 6e called baptism" A. D. 251, the See of
Rome became vacant. A party favored Novation as
the successor, Cornelius, his opponent, wrote a long
letter to Fabius, bishop of Antioch, in which he says
that Novation came not canonically to his order of
priesthood, much less was he capable of being chosen
bishop, for that all the clergy and a great many of the
laity were against his being chosen presbyter; because
it was not lawful (they said) for any one who had been
baptized in his bed, as he had been, to be admitted to
any of&ce of the clergy." Here we see that aspersion,
the offspring of superstition, which was originally in-
tended to be a mere substitute for immersion in extreme
cases, has at length almost superseded it. We cannot,
then, give our support to sprinkling, since it perverts
an ordinance of Jesus Christ. Besides, if a supposed
case of necessity willjuatity an alteration of the ordi-
nances of the G-ospel, then these ordinances can have
150 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
no distinctive character, and may be varied to suit
the caprice or fancy of interested and wicked men.
20. It is an innovation wUch has produced unneces-
sary divisions, and unhappy contentions among the
disciples of Christ. Baptists are conscientiously op-
posed to sprinkling, and cannot practice it without a
dereliction of principle. But all Pedobaptists acknow-
ledge that immersion is baptism, and therefore may
practice it without any sacrifice of principle. Here, then,
is common ground, where Christians of all denomina-
tions may meet. We do therefore entreat our Pedobaptist
brethren with earnestness, and in the name of our bleed-
ing Zion, that, with true Christian magnanimity, they
will renounce sprinkling, which they must know is an
innovation, and practice immersiou, the original insti-
tution. If they will not meet us here, when it will
cost them no sacrifice, upon them will rest all the re-
sponsibility of this controversy ; and they must answer
for all the bitter contentions, the alienations of heart,
and unhappy separations, among the disciples of Jesus,
which it occasions.
III. THE BAFIISKAL QTTESTIOir COmnrirEO.
Peloved: "We congratulate you upon the prospec-
tive issue of the baptismal controversy. Our Pedo-
baptist brethren are beginning to assume a defensive
position.* None of them, except a few mere sciolists,
• Rev. Mt. Odenhelmer, Rector of St. Peter's chnrch, Fhlladelplila,
has farnlsbed the author the foUowlng comment upon this sentence :
" This Is false, if the Eplaoopal Church Is meant, for we have always
allowed Immersion."
THE BAPTISMAI. QHEBTION. 151
qneation the validity of immersion. All of their
learned and candid men have conceded that the literal
and primary signification of baptizo is to dip. If it
were necessary, we conld cite the very language of
Lather, Beza, Calvin, Witaius, Vitringa, Hospinian,
Vossius, Zanchiua, Bosauet, Campbell, Stuart, and a
multitude of others, who have yielded unequivocal
testimony. Some distinguished Pedobaptiats, not con-
tent with having made honorable concessions in ^ivor
of immersion, have pleaded eloquently against sprink-
ling, Venema declares that " the word baptizein is
no where used in the Scripture for sprinkling." Dr.
Wall remarks that " this [immersion] ia so plain and
clear, by an infinite number of passages, that one can-
not but pity the weak endeavors of such Pedobaptists
as would maintain the negative of it." Dr. Whitby
says, " This immersion being religiously observed by
all Christians, for thirteen centuries, and approved by
our church [of England], and the change of it into
sprinkling, even without any allowance from the
author of this institution, or any license from any
council of the church, being that which the Romanist
still nrgeth, to j ustify his refusal of the cup to the
laity ; it were to be wished that this custom might be
again of general use."
% 1. But it is contended that baptizo means to wash,
&Q. " If there be," says an elegant writer, " a word
in the New Testament of a determinate meaning, it is
the word baptism ; yet, by a course of sophistry, it
shall first be made synonymous with washing, and
then washing shall be proved synonymous with sprink-
ling, and~ihen sprinkling shall be called baptism.
152 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
Thus the book intended to instruct, shall be taught
to perplex : the book in the world the most determi-
nate, shall be rendered the most vague : the book, the
credit of which is ruined if it admit of double mean-
ings, shall, of all others, be rendered the most mysteri-
ous book in the world,saying everything,aad,of course,
narrating and proving nothing." If it were admit-
ted that baptism is washing, yet would it be denied that
sprinkling is baptism. Maimonides, a celebrated Jewish
writer, observes that "the Scribes taught that where-
soever in the law washing of the flesh or of the
clothes is mentioned, it means nothing else but the
dipping of the whole body in water," &c. Hence,
when the prophet Elisha directed Naaman the leper
to wash in Jordan seven times, it is said he dipped
himself seven times in Jordan, according to the saying
of the man of God. 2 Kings 5 : lO-ll. Bathings
were common among the Jews, and were usually called
washings. See Exodus 2 : 5; 2 Sam. 11 : 2. Besides,
the Levitical economy required frequent bathings for
purposes of ablution. The bathing of persons was
required, Leviticus 15 : 5-13, The immersion and
rinsing of various articles of clothing and household
furniture were commanded, Lev. 11: 32, 40; 13 : 6;
34 : 58. Hence, the apostle enumerates " divers bap-
tisms" with " meats and drinks and carnal ordinan-
ces," as imposed until the time of reformation. Heb.
9 : 10. The superstitious disposition of the Scribes
and Pharisees led them to extend the Levitical require
ments to other objects and occasions than those speci-
fied. Mark 7 : 4. For this conduct they were severely
TBE BAPTISMAL QUESTION. 153
censured ty our Lord. See the Jewish roles which
are cited in Dr. Gill's commentary.
Mark 7: 3-4, and Luke 11: 38, deserve a critical ex-
amination. In these passages, baptizo occurs, and la
both instances it is rendered to wash, in our English
version of the Scriptures.
The first passage is thus translated by Professor
Kipley: "For the Pharisees and all the Jews, except
they wash their hands oft, eat not ; and when they
come from the market, except they hathe, they eat
not." The word which is translated wash is nipson-
tai, and that which is rendered bathe is bapttsontai.
The washing the hands was a general custom ; the
bathing a specific one. The former was performed
irrespective of any previous employment; the latter
after having returned from the market. The reason
is obvious. When no particular defilement was con-
tracted, a partial purification was aufBcient ; but when
they had been exposed to the various occasions of de-
filement, which were supposed to be connected with
an attendance at market, a thorough ablution (bathing)
was required. This view of the passage ia taken by
distinguished Pedobaptist writers. They are not
agreed, however, whether the bathing has respect to
the whole person, or to the hands alone. The former
opinion was entertained by Grotiua : " They cleansed
themselves more carefully from defilement contracted
at the market, to wit, by not only washing their hands
but even by immersing their body." Vatablus, a
celebrated professor of Hebrew, at Paris, in comment-
ing upon Mark 7 : 4,- says, "They bathed their whole
persons." For the latter opinion we famish the au-
154 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
tborities whicli follow. Spencer; "Some of the Jews,
ambitious for the credit of superior purity, frequently
immersed their whole persons in water ; the greater
part, however, following a milder discipline, frequently
washed only their hands, when they were about to
take food. That the greater part, and especially the
Pharisees, attended to this rite privately at home, and
considered it a very important part of religion, is
sufficiently evident from Mark 7 : 3-4. Hence it was
that stone vessels for water (water-pots, John 2 : 6)
were provided in every house of the Hebrews; so
that all, when about to take food, might perform the
frequent washings, according to the discipline of the
Pharisees. These vessels were very suitable for per-
forming these daily purifications of the Jews ; for it
was customary, among the Jews, sometimes to wash
the hands by water poured upon them ; at other times,
to immerse the hands up to the wrist." John: "The
washing of hands before meals (a custom which origi-
nated from the practice of conveying food to the
mouth in the fingers), was eventually made a religious
duty; on the ground that, if any one, though uncoa-
scious of the circumstance at the time, had touched
anything, whatever it might be, which was unchan,
and remained unwashed, when he ate, he therefore
communicated the contamination to the food also.
The Pharisees judged the omission of this ablution to
be a crime of equal magnitude with fornication, and
worthy of death. They taught that, if a person had
not departed from the house, the hands, without the
fingers being distended, should be wet with water
poured over them, and then elevated so that the water
:sTioN, 155
might flow down the elbows ; fiirthennore, the water
was to be poured a second time over the arms, in order
that (the hands being held down) it might flow over
the fingerg. On the contrary, those who had departed
from the honae washed in a hath, or at least immersed
their hands in water, with the fingers distende'd."
Lightfoot: " The Jews used the washing of hands and
the plunging of hands. And the word nipsontai,
' wash,' in our evangehat, seems to answer to the for-
mer — -and baptisontai, 'baptize,' to the latter. Those
that remain at home eat not, ' unless they wash the
fiat.' But those that comrf home from the market eat
not, 'unless they plunge their fist into the water;'
being ignorant and uncertain what unoleanness they
came near unto in the market." These quotations are
sufficient, without producing others from Dr. G. Camp-
bell, Eozenmuller, and Kuinoel, which are at hand.
Luke 11: 38, "And when the Pharisee saw it, he
marvelled that he had not first washed before dinner."
Our Saviour had just been in the midst of a multi-
tude (v. 29); hence the Pharisee wondered that he
had not bathed, via., either himself or his hands. On
this passage, Lightfoot observes that "there is a wash-
ing of the hands, and there is a dipping of the hands,"
^ 2. The argument drawn from the operations of
the Spirit is probably the most subtle and imposing
of any employed in favor of sprinkling. We will
give this argument as plausible an aspect as we can,
and then, by stripping it of its sophistry, present it in
its native nakedness. It is said that the influences of
the Spirit are communicated by sprinkling (Ezekiel
36 : 25 ; Heb. 10 : 22), and are denominated baptism
156 NORTHUMBEKLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
(I Cor. 12: 13); tberefore sprinkling is baptism.
Pouring is proved in the same way.
1. This argument contains the elements of its own
destruction. If it prove anything, it proves too much.
If it prove that sprinkling is baptism, it proves also
that drinking is baptism, (1 Cor. 12: 13); breathing,
(John 20 : 22) ; flowing, (John 7 : 38-9) ; blowing,
(John 3: 8); burning, (Matt. 3: 11-12); rushing,
(Acts 2:2); filling, (Acts 2: 4) ; falling upon, (Acts
8 : 16) ; shedding, (Acts 2 : 33). As our Pedobaptist
brethren do not pretend that the significations of bap-
tism are quite so multitudinous, we hesitate not to
pronouncft-this argument perfectly suicidal.
2. It is a virtual denial of the immateriality of the
Spirit of God. It converts the Holy Ghost into mat-
ter. If the Spirit be literally sprinkled, then the
Spirit is a material substance, for there can be no
sprinkling of that which is immaterial I As respects
the transactions on the day of Pentecost, there was a
real baptism, in the emblems of the Spirit. The dis-
ciples were literally covered with toind and fire, and,
by a caiachresis, immersed.
3. This argument originated in misconception. It
confounds things that are different. It is not the
pouring of the Spirit that constitutes the baptism, but
the effects consequent upon it. How did Peter and
the rest know that the Holy Ghost had fallen upon
those who heard the words in the house of Cornelius ?
For they heard them speak with tongues and 'magnify
Ood, (Acts 10 : 46). There is no resemblance between
the Spirit of God and water ; but between the effects
of water and the influences of the Spirit, there is a
THE BAPTISMAL QUESTION. 151
likeness. A particular raanner ia given to the opera-
tions of the Spirit, to suit the manner of the comma-
nication of the natural object. The Spirit takes the
manner of.the resembling object, but the resembling
object never takes the manner of the Spirit ; because
nothing is known of his manner. The Holy Spirit is
said to be poured out, upon the same principle upon
which God is said to have hands and arms, to look
down from heaven, and to come down from heaven.
It is in accommodation to ourtmodes of thinking and
speaking, not as expressive of reality. See Carson's
reply to Ewiog and Dr.Wardlaw.
4. It is a direct contradiction of the words of Jesus
Christ. Nicodemus inquired, Sow can a man be born ?
&c. In our Lord's reply, he distinctly taught that,
while the fact of the Spirit's operations may be defi-
nitely ascertained, nothing can be determined with
reference to the manner of them. John 3 : 8. Never-
theless, according to this argument, there is nothing
mysterious in the manner of the Spirit's operation !
Tf 3. Much reliance has been placed upon the argu-
ment derived from Matt. 3 : 5-6. It is said that it
was impossible for John, during his short ministry, to
immerse such vast multitudes, yet he may have
sprinkled them.
1. This argumant is founded npon criminal igno-
rance of the word of God. It takes for granted what
is not true, viz., that the whole population of the places
mentioned in the passage were baptized, whereas,
nothing more can be meant than that large numbers
were baptized. The word aU was frequently used in
a restricted sense by Christ and hia apostles. Matt.
14
158 KORTHXJMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
24: 14; Acts 2: 17; Eom. 10: 18; Col. 1: 6; 1 Peter
4 : 7. That it is used in a limited signification in tbe
passage before us, we prove by the considerations which
follow. If this argument were true, with what cor-
rectness was it recorded that the disciples of Jesus
baptized cotemporaneously with John? and that
they made and baptized more disciples than John ?
John 3 : 22, 23 ; 4 : 1, 2. Besides, either this argu-
ment cannot be sustained, or our Lord exhibited an
unjust accusation against the lawyers and Pharisees,
when he charged them with having rejected the coun-
sel of God against themselves for not being baptized of
John. Luke 7 : 30. Lastly, on the day of Pentecost,
and on subsequent occasions, many Jews were bap-
tized by the apostles who could not have been bap-
tized by John, unless the apostles were anabaptists !
2. This argument is a reproach upon the ministry
of him concerning whom our Lord testified, "Verily
I say unto you, among them that are born of women,
there hath not risen a greater than John the Baptist."
It alleges against him the guilt of having exercised
no discrimination in the administration of baptism.
No sentiment could be more fallacious than this. The
harbinger of Jesus, called peculiarly and emphatically
The Baptist, because he was the first to perform the
rite of immersion, was exceedingly scrupulous. He
admitted none as qualified candidates of the ordi-
nance who did not exhibit the genuine fruits of repent-
ance, whatever may have been the relations they sus
tained to a pious ancestry, or the religious advantages
they possessed. Matt. 3 : 7-10. The character and
circumstances of those who came to be baptized were
TEE BAPTISMAL QB^TION. 159
greatly diversified ; yet to them all John adapted his
ministry, based upon the nature of the rite, the bap-
tism of repentance for the remission of sing. Luke 3 :
10-4.
% 4. The baptism recorded in Acts 2 : 41 has been
frequently urged, as fiirniabing strong circumstantial
evidence in support of sprinkling. Now,
1. Our Pedobaptist brethren are accustomed to state
erroneously their argument, which they derive from
this passage. That three thousand were baptized is
not recorded. But thet/ that gladly received his word
were baptized; and the same da,j there were added auto
them, viz., the church (v. 47), about three thousand
souls. Many of them may have been baptized by
John and his disciples, and the disciples of Christ,
■who availed themselves of this (probably first) oppor-
tunity of entering into a formal connection with the
church at Jerusalem.
2. But even upon the supposition that the three
thousand were baptized, if they were not immersed
some insurmountable obstacle jnuat have presented
itself. What was it? Was there a scarcity of water f
This is frequently asserted, but in defiance of adverse
evidence perfectly conclusive. Jerusalem was aSwJi-
(iiniiy supplied with water; and its numerous pools
and baths offered every facility for immersion, 2
Chron. 32 : 4 ; Beat. 8 : 7 ; 2 Kings 18 : 17 ; 20: 25;
Neb. 2 : 14 ; 3 : 14, 16 ; John 5 : 2 ; 9 : 7. Whatever
places of bathing and ceremonial purification were
accessible to the multitudes, assembled on this memo-
rable occasion, were no doubt accessible to the apos-
tles and their converts, for there is not the least inti-
160 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
mation that any obstruction was thrown in their way.
Was the number of qualified administrators insufficient?
This has been also alleged, but without the shadow of
a reason. Besides the twelve apostles (Matt. 10), our
Lord had commissioned seventy other disciples to
preach (Luke 10), and there were one hundred and
twenty present who were doubtless qualified to bap-
tize. Acts 1 : 15, 21, 22.* It is said that Mr. Wine-
brenner,f of Harrisburg, immersed fifty-five persons
in about thirty minutes. We will suppose, however,
that, in primitive times, they were less expeditious.
Upon the supposition, then, that the three thousand
were immersed, and allotting to each immersion one
minute, the one hundred and twenty would have im-
mersed them in twenty -five minutes, the eighty-two in
thirty-seven minutes, and the twelve in four hours.
Was there a want of time? Some have said so. But,
manifestly, there was a redundancy of time. The
feast of Pentecost, corresponding with our Whitsun-
tide, occurred the latter part of May. Peter began to
preach at the third hour of the day (9 A. M.) ; the
sermon appears to have been short, and the converts
to have been baptized without delay. K, then, the
baptizing had commenced at noon, and the twelve
• It must be remembered that several of the apostles had he.enflth-
ermen, and, therefore, could not have been tmush fatigued by the pleas-
ant exercise of immersing r^oicing converts. The author immersed
ninety-five persons at Kalghn's Point, opposite Philadelphia,April 2d ,
184(). The time occupied was one hour and ten minutes; but there
was delay on account of the multitude present, estimated at ten
thousand persons.
t Rev. Mr. W. was formerly pastor of the Qerman Keformed Church
of Harrisburg, Fenn.
THE BAPTISMAL QUESTION. 161
apostles alone had baptized, it would have been closed
at four o'clock P. M. There was then ample time.
T 5- The baptism of Paul has been frequeDtly cited
to prove sprinkling. Acts 9 : 17-18. Several consid-
erations will be submitted to'sbow that not one rational
doubt can be entertained unfavorable to immersion.
1. Although Paul had been blind, and had fasted for
three successive days, yet there is nothing in the nar-
rative of the inspired historian that forbids the thought
that in other respects his health was good. As he
was, prior to his conversion, a rigid Pharisee, the pro-
bability is that religious principles induced the fast-
ing. 2. The facilities for immersion were many. The
celebrated rivers of Abana and Pharpar were contigu-
ous (2 Kings 5 : 12,) and the assembly of divines, in
their Annotations, say " that most of the houses (of
Damascus) are furnished with store of good water."
3. Paul's baptism was a washing away of sins.
Acts 22 : 16. Now, as washing is not sprinkling,
the conclusion is irresistible that he was not sprinkled.
The question, then, is simply this : Was this washing
partial or thorough ? That it was immersion, three
remarks, we think, will demonstrate. First. When
Naaman was commanded to wash in Jordan, it is said
that he dipped himself seven times, according to the say-
inff of the man of God. 2 Kings 5 : 1 0-4, Second.
The apostle, in his epistles, twice represents baptism
under the idea of thorough washing. Heb. 10 : 22.
The washing of regeneration. Titus 3 : 5. Dr. Mao-
knight translates the latter passage thus: "He saved
us, &c., through the bath of regeneration," &c It is
agreed, by all commentators, that these passages refer
162 NORTHtlMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
to baptism. Ihird. The words of the apostle, in his
Epistle to the Eomans, place the fact of his immersion
above suspicion. Kom. 6 : 3-4. How he could have
been buried by baptism, without being immersed, in-
genuity cannot devise.
1" 6. The baptism of the jailer is considered by
Pedobaptists as furnishing evidence to prove sprink-
ling. Acts 16 : 29-34. That the evidence in the
case preponderates in favor of immersion, we will
attempt to demonstrate. The jailer had conducted the
apostles out of the prison (v. 30,) and when the apostles
preached they were in the jailer's house (32.) After
preaching, the jailer and all his house, having pro-
fessed faith in Christ, left the house in company with
the apostles, and were baptized (33.) After baptism,
they returned to the jailer's house (34-5.) The river,
which was close by, afforded facilities (13.) Why the
apostles should have baptized this household out of
doors, and at midnight, if they were sprinkled, is a
perfect enigma ! I
T 7. Criticisms upon certain Greek prepositions
have been relied upon with much apparent confidence.
To ascertain with as much accuracy as possible the
meanings attached to them, by the inspired writers,
the first tour chapters of Matthew's Gospel have been
examined in the Greek Testament. The result is this.
The preposition En occurs twenty- seven times, and
Eis twenty times. By looking into the English Tes-
tament, we find that our Pedobaptist translators have
rendered En twenty times in, four times vnth, twice
among, and once within. They have construed Eis
eighteen times into, once in, and once unto. We re-
THE BAPTISMAL QUESTION. 163
regard this as a fair teat of the usus loquendi of these
words by our Lord and the Bvangeliats. We con-
clude, then, that En means in, and Eia into, with ex-
tremely rare exceptions. The scriptural accounts are
therefore true, that John baptized in Jordan, Matt.
3:6; that Jesus was baptized into Jordan, Mark
1:9; that they went down both into the water, both
Philip and the Eunuch, Acts 8 : 38, The preposition
Ek has been subjected to the same process. It occurs
eleven tim&s, and in every instance is rendered either
of or out oi, except in Matt, 3 : 17, a voice from
heaven, where it is manifestly equivalent to out of.
That from is the usual signification of Apo, cannot
be denied. While, however, this is conceded, it is
not granted, as maintained by some Pedobaptists, that
Apo can reach no farther than the nearest side or edge
of any object. Ek and Apo both denote the point of
departure — ^the former definitely, the latter indefinitely.
K Ek be used, the point of departure is within an ob-
ject : if Apo be used, it may be within, or it may be
without the object. We will now fortify our position
with regard to Apo with a few examples. Then
Joseph being raised /rom sleep, Matt. 1 : 24. For he
shall save his people/rom their sins. Matt 1 : 21. Then
came wise men /row the east. Matt. 2 : 1. Then came
Jesus /rom Galilee, Matt. 3 : 13. And there followed
him great multitudes of people /ro?n Galilee, Matt.
4 : 25. In these passages, Apo is unquestionably em-
ployed in the sense of out of. We say the merchant
has come from the city. We have just come /mm
home. We have returned /jww church. He is a for-
eigner /rom Asia. No one can mistake the meaning
164 NORTHtTMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
of from in ttese sentences, and they might be multiplied
almost ad infinitum!. It is true, then, as the Scriptures
narrate, that Jesus, when he was baptized, went up
straightway out of the water. Matt. 3 : 16; that Philip
and the Eunuch came up out o/" the water. Acts 8 : 39,
&c. We regard the use of this argument as exceed-
ingly reprehensible. Because, 1. It makes the word
of God a perfect riddle. If words are not to be taken
according to their usual signification, but men may
use them in rare and extraordinary senses, to suit
their theories, nothing can be determined certainly
i'rom the Bible. 2. It attributes to the Spirit of God
a species of Jesuitism, the most odious. Is it credit-
able that the Spirit employed these words, in a very
unusual sense, and not according to their common ac-
ceptation? The bare supposition is shocking pro
fanity. 3. It throws a shade of oblivion over the
destinies of a future world. If the preposition Eis
must not be translated into, when used in relation to
baptism, then, surely, it must not be so translated
when employed in connection with the eternal states.
What evidence have we then that those on the left
hand shall go away into everlasting punishment, but
the righteous into life eternal? Matt. 25 : 46.
^ 8. To thrust aside the evidence in favor of im-
mersion derived from the baptism of the Son of God,
it is contended that he applied to John for the wash-
ing which was preparatory and introductory to the
priesthood, and not for the baptism he ordinarily ad-
ministered. We will show the fallacy of this argu-
ment in several particulars. 1. The priests were to
be washed, not baptized. 2. The washing was to be
THE BAPTrSUAL QUESTION. 165
performed at the door of the taberaade, not into Jor-
dan. 3. The priests were to he dressed in their priestly
vestments, and anointed with oil. Sacrifices were to
be offered, &c., &o. The consecration was to be con-
tinued seven days, during which time the prieata were
not to depart from the door of the tabernacle upon
pain of death. See Exodus, chap. 29, and Leviticus,
chap. 8. What was there, iu the immersion of Jesus
Christ, to correspond to all this 7 4. None but the
house of Aaron and tribe of Levi were admitted to
the priesthood. If others intruded into the sacred
office, the penalty was death. Nam. 3:1-10. But
our Lord sprang out of Judah, concerniag which
tribe Moses spake nothing about priesthood. (Heb.
7 : 14.) 5. The apostle shows the superiority of the
priesthood of Christ over that of Aaron and the
Levites, in several particulars. They were made
priests after the law of a carnal commandment, he
after the power of an endless life — they without an
oath, he with an oath — their priesthood was change-
able, his unchangeable (Heb. 7.) 6. The Saviour was
a priest after the Older of Melchisedec, and not after
the order of Aaron (PsI. 110 : 4.)
Tf 9. Our Pedobaptist brethren deny that John's
baptism was Christian baptism. The design of this
argument is to cut off the evidence which the practice
of John furnishes in favor of immersion, and to de-
prive believers of the illustrious example which Jesus
set them in Jordan {Matt. 3.) Some plead that the
ministry of John belonged to the Jewish dispensation.
Others contend that it constituted an intermediate
. dispensation.
166 NOETHTJMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
1. John's ministry did not belong to the Jewish
dispensation; because, 1. There is no intimation of
the existence of the baptism he administered, in all the
rituals of Moses. 2. The Jewish cl&rgy did not so un-
derstand it. They were ignorant both of the charac-
ter and baptism of John. Hence they sent a deputation
to inquire, " Who art thou ? Art thou Elias ? Art
thou that prophet? Why baptizest thou ?" &c. John
1 : 19-25. And hence, in reply to the question of our
Lord, " The baptism of John, whence was it ? from
heaven or of men ?" They answered, " We cannot
tell," (Matt. 21 : 25-7.) 3. Our Saviour expressly de-
clared that John's ministry succeeded the Jewish dis-
pensation. "The law and the prophets were uTdil
John ; since that time the kingdom of God is preached,
and every man presseth into it." Luke 16 : 16.
2. It was not intermediate between the two dispen-
sations ; because, 1. That would be to make three dis-
pensations. But, as the Bible specifies only two
dispensations, to say the least, it is being wise above
what is written. 2. If the ministry of John had been
intermediate, it would have had a distinct position,
disconnected from both dispensations ; and the fact
that the inspired evangelists have incorporated it with
the ministry of Christ and the apostles, would be truly
mysterious I
3. It belonged to the Christian dispensation ; be-
cause, 1. The evangelists have placed it there. 2.
Mark expressly declares that that is its appropriate
place. " The beginning of the Gospel of Jesus Christ
the Son of God ; as it is written in the prophets," &c.
Mark 1 : 1, &c. 3. If it be denied that John's min-
THE BAPTIBMAI. QUESTION. 1G7
istry was a part of the Christian dispensation, for the
same reasons must it be denied that that part of the
ministry of Jesus and his apostles ■which, was cotem-
poraneoas with that of John was Christian. No one
will have the hardihood to say that the ministry of
both was not identical. John 4 : 1, 2 ; 3 : 22-3. It
follows, then, that John and the apostles, anterior to
the death of Christ, practiced the same baptism.
Therefore, if the baptism of the former was not Chris-
tian, neither was that of the latter. 4. If that was not
Christian baptism to which Christ and the apostles
submitted, and there is not an iota of evidence that
they received any other, surely nothing is worthy of
the name ! 5, If the baptism of John does not belong
to the Christian dispensation, the Lord's supper does
not. It ia a favorite theory of Pedobaptists that the
Christian dispensation did not commence until after
the death of Christ ; and, hence, they reason that, as
John's ministry was prior to that event, it is not a part
of the Christian economy. But, if this argument prove
that John's baptism was not a Christian baptism, it
will prove also that the Lord's supper is not a Chris-
tian ordinance ; because that was instituted before the
death of Christ. 6. The baptism of John bore an
exact correspondence to the baptism of the apostles in
every important circumstance. Did they baptize in
the name of the Lord Jesus ? Acts 8 : 16 ; 10 : 46.
So did he. Acts 19 : 4. Did they insist upon repent-
ance as a necessary prerequisite ? Acts 2 ; 38. So
did he. Matt. 3 : 6-8. Did they baptize for the re-
mission of sins? Acts 22 : 16; 2 : 38. So did he.
Luke 3 : 3. Did they require faith in the Messiah ?
168 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION,
Acts 8 : 36-7 ; Mark 16 : 16. So did he. Acts 19 : 4.
Did they baptize none unless previously taught or
discipled ? Matt. 28 : 20. So did he. John 4 : 1, 2,
But, is it objected that there is no recorded account
that John ever baptized in the name of the Trinity ?
This objection lies with equal force against the prac-
tice of the apostles. Not one instance can be produced
from the sacred records, where it is said the apostles
baptized in the name of the Trinity. Yet we doubt
not that they obeyed the instructions contained in
their commission — ^baptizing them into the name of
the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. Nor can we ques-
tion that John baptized in the name of the Trinity;
because he certainly was acquainted with the doctrine
of the Trinity ; because, doubtless, he baptized in the
name of Him by whom he was commissioned. John
1 : 33. Because the voice of the Father and the dove-
like descent of the Spirit were conjoined to the act of
the Son to ratify the baptismal institution. If not in
the name of the Trinity, in whose name was Jesus bap-
tized ? In whose name did the apostles baptize ante-
cedently to the date of the commission ? 7. It is a
splendid fact, which carries with it the weight of irre-
sistible conviction, that when an apostle was to be
elected to fill the place of the traitor Judas, none could
be a candidate for the distinguished station who had
not been baptized by John. Acts 1 : 21 ; 2:8. Not
a solitary instance is on record of the rebaptization of
any whom John had baptized. Knapp, a distinguished
German Pedobaptist writer, expresses himself thus :
" The practice of the first Christian church confirms the
point, that the baptism of John was considered essen-
tiallj the same with Christiaa baptism. Eor those
who acknowledged that they bad professed, by the
baptism of John, to believe ia Jesus as the Christ, and
who, in GOQseqaence of this, had become, in fact, his
disciples, and had believed in him, were not, in a
single JDstanee, baptized again into Christ; because
this was considered as having been already done.
Here we do not find that any apostle, or any other
disciple of Jesus, was the second time baptized ; not
even that Apollog mentioned in Acts 18 : 25, because
he had before believed in Jesus as Christ, although
he had received only the baptism of John. But, all
those disciples of John who had not before acknow-
ledged this truth, and had received the baptism of
John, or his successors in an entirely difE'erent signifi-
cation, were properly considered, at the time of the
apostles, as not being baptized, or as wrongly bap-
tized ; and all such were required to be baptised ex-
pressly into Christ as the Messiah. This was the ease
with those persons whom Piiul (Acts 19 : 1-5) per-
mitted to be baptized at Ephesus, although they had
already received the baptism of John, There ia, in
this place, nothing that needs to be artificially ex-
plained. The meaning is: 'That, when they heard
from Paul that it was essential to baptism that one
should believe in Jesus as the Lord and Christ (which
they hitherto had not done, since the disciples of John,
who baptized them, had said nothing to them about
it,} they were then willing to suffer themselves to be
solemnly obligated by baptism, to the acknowledg-
ment of Jesus.' This was the more necessary at that
170 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
time, as many of the disciples of John had entirely-
separated themselves from the Christians."
T 10. Ezekiel 36 : 25 is advanced to support sprink-
ling. It is contended that the prophet speaks of water
to be sprinkled under the new dispensation. But
surely those who quote this passage are attracted
solely by the word sprinkle. The prophet informs
the Jews what Qod would do — not what would be
done by his ministers. Matthew Henry never sus-
pected that this passage has a reference to baptism, as
the quotation we subjoin will show : " God here pro-
mises that he will work a good work in them, to
qualify them for the good work he intended to bring
about for them. 1. That God would cleanse them
from the pollutions of gin ; 'I will sprinkle clean water
upon you :' which signifies both the blood of Christ
sprinkled before the conscience to purify that, and to
take away the sense of guilt, and the grace of the Spirit
sprinkled upon the whole soul to purify it from all
corrupt inclinations and dispositions, as Naaman was
cleansed from his leprosy by dipping in Jordan."
T[ 11. Acts 10 : 47 has been cited. " Can any man
forbid water that these should not be baptized ?" &c.
The meaning may be ascertained by simply substi-
tuting the word baptism for water. The apostle Peter
regarded Cornelius and the other Gentiles who were
present as proper subjects for baptism, not only on
account of the remarkable vision with which he had
just been favored, but also because on them "was
poured out the' gift of the Holy Ghost." But, as the
disciples who were present retained their Jewish pre-
judices against the Gentiles, Peter anticipated objeo.
THE BAPTISMAL QUESTION, 171
tiotia, and hence he interrogated ihe.m, " Cj.n any man
forbid water" (baptism,) &c. No objection being
made, he oommanded them to be baptized in the name
of the Lord. Pedobaptists ounsider the passage el-
liptical, and hence they supply the phrase "tobebrought
in" after the word water, and read the text thus;
"Can any man forbid water" [to be broagbt in] ? kz.
But, as there is not a single instance of water being
brought in, in all the recorded baptisms of the Bible,
we regard sucli interpretation as analtempt tointerpo-
late the language of inspiration exceedinyhj Ucenlious.
Again, if the passage must be considered elliptical,
why not supply the words " to repair to" after the
word forbid, and read the test—" Can any man for-
bid" [to repair to water?] It would then harmonize
with other passages, as Matt. 3 : 5. Then wmt out to
him, iie. Mark 1 : 9. Jesus cams from Nazareth of
Galilee, and was baptized of John in Jordan. John
3 : 23. And they came, and were baptized. Acts 8 ; 36,
And, as they went on their way, they came unto certain
water, &c. Acts 16 : 33. And he took them, the same
hour of the night, &;c. We are strongly inclined to
admonish our Pedobaptist brethreo lest they feel the
curse recorded in Bev.22 : 18.
T 12. It is contended that immersion is an emblem
of destruction, &c. It is true that immersion is em-
blematic of destruction ; it is, however, equally true
that it is symbolic of life. It expresses the burial and
resurrection of Jesus ; and the obligation of believers
to die to sin, and to live in newness of life. Bom. 6 :
3, 4. It is also typical of the future resurrection of
the saints, 1 Cor. 15 : 29. If, then, immersion ex-
112 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
presses what baptism should express, but sprinkling
is not emblematic of either life or death, therefore
sprinkling is not baptism, but immersion is. Besides,
if this argument possess any force, it lies against pour-
ing. See Ezek. 9:8; Dan. 9:11; Eev. 14 : 10.
1"13. It is said that immersion is sometimes im-
practicable. 1. As God requires mercy rather than
sacrifice (Matt. 12 : 7,) and his commandments are not
grievous (1 John 5 : 3,) no ordinance of religion can
be of imperious obligation when impracticable of per-
formance. 2. But is sprinkling always practicable?
Let the law of the Eoman Church determine, which
authorizes women, under certain circumstances, to ad-
minister it ! Let the facts decide that when water
could not be procured, wine, and even sand, have been
substituted ; and when neither water nor wine, &c.,
were at hand, the mere pronouncing the names of the
Father, Son, and Holy Ghost has been deemed suffi-
cient. Let those imbecile parents testify, whose very
souls have been agonized, when a qualified adminis-
trator could not be had to perform for a dying infant
the worse than useless mummeries of what supersti-
tion calls the " holy christening," the seal of the cove-
nant, &c.
T[ 14. Some have affixed to immersion the foul
stigma of indecency. 1. It is truly wonderful that
those who entertain the sentiment that baptism is the
substitute of circumcision should have the temerity to
raise such an objection ! Is not the former as decent
as the latter ?
2. I would not assume the responsibility of this ar-
gument for the world. It enlists the corruptions of
TUB baptiemal question. 113
the human heart against the institution of Jesus
Cbrist. It is said that there is no argument more
common than this to dissuade the higher classes in
France from reading the Scriptures. It is a fearful
thing to oppose an ordinance of Jesus Christ with
such a weapon. It is to rebute the Saviour as a
sinner.
K 15. It is objected to immersion, that the validity
of baptism does not depend upon the quantity of water
employed in its administration ; that a few drops will
answer as well as an ocean. 1. This argument results
from misconception. The thing in debate does not
relate to quantity, but a certain action. 2. It is un-
philosophical. A few drops will not drive a mill, nor
fill a canal, nor float a ship, 3. It is unscriptural. If
a few drops would suffice, why did our Lord travel
from Nazareth to Eethabara, a distance of about
thirty miles, on foot, to be baptized in the river ?
Why did John baptize tn the Jordan ? Why did
John baptize in ^non, near Salim, because there was
much water there ? ^Vhy were Paul and the believ-
ing Romans buried by baptism ? 4. It is profane. It
implicates the conduct of Jesus Christ, of John, of the
believing Koraans, &c., &c.
If 16. It is often said, that, as baptism is not a saving
ordinance, it cannot be important how it is adminis-
tered. 1 Peter 3 : 21. It is a suiScient refutation of
this argument to simply remark, that its tendency is
less calculated to bring immersion into dis-esteem, than
to raze the foundation of a Saviour's wisdom, authority,
and example.
t 17. Immersion has presented . an unfavorable
114 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
aspect to many, for no other reason than because the
number who practice it was supposed to be small. In
the pursuit of truth, such a supposition, even if well
founded, ought to have no influence; for the advocates
of religious truth have always been in the minority.
It is, however, fallacious. Dr. Wall says, "All other
Christians in the world, who never owned the Pope's
usurped power, do, and ever did dip, in the ordinary
use."
T[ 18. Some have adverted, with much apparent
confidence, to their sincerity and good feelings.
1. If this will prove sprinkling, it will also prove
Universalism, Socinianisna, Romanism, and every
other heresy; because every system of religion has
advocates who can boast of their sincerity and good
feelings.
2. This argument is odious in the extreme. It gives
an alarming latitude to sin. Under its cover, a man
may sin with impunity. Prov. 14 : 12.
ONE PEDO-BAPTIST DECISION AGAINST
"INFANT" BAPTISM!
After the foregoing exposition of tlie Gospel on
Baptism, a chapter of Law on the same subject will be
apposite. Indeed, this history would he incomplete
without a reference to the case, known as Hall vs.
Armstrong, (the latter some times styled "Doctor," a
laborer by occupation,) which created so much local
controversy, and gained general notoriety, nearly thirty
years ago. The facts were substantially these :
While Wm. S. Hall was preaching in White Deer
Valley, in January, 1842, a respectable woman, named
Armstrong, about eighteen years of age, professed
conversion, and desired baptism. She had for some
years been sustaining herself by her own labor, in a
family near Hunter's mill, while her father lived four
or five miles distant, at Elimsport, Of her mother we
hear nothing. Her father, (professing Pedobaptist
views, but intemperate,) declared, with fearful impre-
cations, that his daughter should not be " dipped."
Wishing, if practicable, to live peaceably with all
men, Mr. Hall advised the young woman to defer the
rite for a time, and hopeful efforts were made to pacify
the father. In April, the candidate still being anx-
ious to " obey God rather than man," Mr. Hall, under
the authority of the great commission.
176 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
Upon hearing of her baptism, and seeing Mr. Hall
on the highway the next day, the enraged father,
brandishing a heavy cane, compelled him to take
shelter in a neighbor's house. The assault was re-
peated in June following. By advice of the church,
Mr. Hall appealed for protection to the court of Ly-
coming county. It bound Armstrong to keep the
peace, and sentenced Mr. Sail to pay the costs 1 This
he refased to do, preferring to submit to the penalty
of imprisonment, rather than voluntarily obey such an
unreasoaable and unjust order. But the sheriff and
other friends paid the money, so that Mr. Hall neither
honored the evil decree, nor suffered the penalty.
The presiding law judge was Ellis Lewis, a "high"
charch Protestant Episcopalian. One of his associates
was John Thomas, a Methodist Episcopalian, and in
former years an active preacher. (What the early
Wesleyans would have suffered, under such treatment
and decisions, the intelligent reader can imagine.) The
other was Thomas Taggart, a jovial character, of no
religious pretensions, "who cared for none of these
things," and would not oppose a law judge on a law
point.
Such a proceeding, from such a source, at a time
when Baptist sentiments were spreading, seemed to
strike the public mind as a larger exhibition of secta-
rian jealousy than of Law or Christianity — as a stroke
at Hall, rather than at Armstrong, It created much
merriment and newspaper discussion, as well as sober
thought, many liberal Pedobaptists as well as Baptists
condemning the decision most unqualifiedly, in con-
versation and in print.
THE BAPTISM OF MINOKS. lit
Iq self-justification, tbe President Judge wrote out
an elaborate and ingeniously worded paper, whicli
seemed wholly to ignore the fact that Armstrong had
virtually given his daughter her freedom, and that he
was not of the habits to attempt to teach religion to
hia family. As if assuming that she was under bis
roof and training, and that he was a man of good
morals at least, the Judge made tbe following points,
(as published in the papers of the day :)
Akqcment op Judge Lewis-
"1st. That the authority of the father results from his duties.
He is charged with the duties of maintainance and education.
These can not be performed without the authority to command,
and to enforce obedience. Tlie term of education is not limited
to tlie ordinary instruction ofliie child in the pursuits of literature;
it comprehends a proper attention to the moral and religious
sentiments. lu Che discharge of this duty, it is the undoubted
riRlit of the fatlier to desiijnate such teachers, eitlier in morals,
religion, or literature, as he shall deem best calculated to give
correct instruction to the child.
" 2d. That lie can not force it to adopt opinions contrary to
the dictates of his own coascieoce, hut he has a right to its time
and its attention during its minority, for the purpose of enabling
him to mabe the effort incumhent on him as a father to 'train it
up in the way it should go.'
"And 3d. That he may not compel it, against its own convic-
tions of light, to beoomo a member of any religious denomination,
hut after it has been initiated with his own free will into the reli-
gious communion to which its parent belongs, he may lawfully
restrain it, during its legal infancy, irom violating the religious
obligations incurred in its behalf, bj placing itself under the
religious control of a minister whose opinions do not meet its
parent's approbation."
If the spirit of Judge Lewis' third point were ac-
cepted as law, no sprinkled child should be immersed,
no circumcised child should be "christened," no child
of irreligious parents should be taught religious prin-
ciples, without the consent of the parents. When they
178 NORTHUMBERLAND BA^PTIST ASSOCIATION.
are divided in opinion, his honor does not inform us
how \n.s principle is to be carried out. He certainly
would not obliterate the joint right of the mother.
Under h.\s principle, the Christians, and Jesus himself,
would have been estopped from proclaiming the Gos-
pel to such Jews and Gentiles as were only twenty
years, eleven months and twenty-nine days old; home
and foreign missions and Sabbath schools would be
shorn of half their power for good ; houses of refuge
and benevolent homes for the helpless young would
have to be searching out and standing in awe of the
varied religions of the deceased parents, or of those,
living, who had abandoned these waifs of humanity ;
in short, most of our religious, charitable and educa-
tional interests would be sadly crippled and hampered.
In respect to property, and to contracts, (marriage
included,) laws generally treat all under twenty-one
as " infanns," incapable of business. la other respects,
however, young people of all ages have eights which
the world "are bound to respect." Our national and
State constitutions secure the privileges of religious
liberty to all, without distinction or qualification, and
the laws should be made and construed in accordance
with the spirit of those guarantees, and not in defiance
of them.
The precise period when an immortal being may be
able to make its own deliberate choice in matters of
religion, greatly varies. With some, it comes early in
youth ; while others, even adults, never have a mind
of their own. And herein is perhaps the only real
difficulty in the question. Were it possible to be fixed
by law, fourteen — the age at which minors are ad-
THE EAPTJSM OF MINORS. 119
mitted as witnesaea in courts generally — would be a
fair average.
Judge Lewis made liberal quotations, from all
sources, eoforciag the general duties of parental
watch-care and filial obedience— principles which, to
a proper degree, all caHdid persons uphold. He was
specially glad to appeal to one Baptist, the author of
" Moral Science," but apparently in happy ignorance
of the same writer's "Limits of Human Responsi-
bility." Making out suppositious eases to fit the de-
ciaiou, instead of having the decision to fit the case,
Judge Lewis led President Wayland, like himself, to
wholly overlook the governing or qualifying facts-
They eschanged compliments rather extrajudicial
and extra-clerical. To the flatteries of Judge Lewis,
President Wayland replied -in similar terms. The
following extracts from Wayland's letter, present his
views, pro and con :
" Peotidencb, Oct. 14, 1842.
" I tliaok jaa for your decision upon one of the most delicate
and importaat questions which has ever come before a court. I
believe it to be coriect in. principle, impartial in spirit, and lucid
in statement. *»«*»*
'' While, however, I suppose this to be the legal kiqht of tlie
pai ent, I by no means would assent that it is always right or just
to BKFORCB It. When a child has arrived at such maturity that
it is able to judge, by reading the Scriptures for itself, and has
thus formed its opinion on questions of religious duty, it is
very difficult to decide how far Ihe parent is morally bound to
interfere, provided it be a bona fide case of religious belief. He
should doubtless advise, and teach, and persuade. He may use !ua
authority to oblige his child to reflect maturely on the subject,
aud decide without the inlerference of interested persona. But
having done this, I think that he should allow the child to obey
the honest dictates of its owb conscience
"But suppose the parent were disposed to press the subject
further, and command a child to do what it could not without, as
it believed, disobeying God, or Ilie contrary. What, in such a
case, is the child to do ? This is a most trying case, and would
ISO NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
be decided by a variety of circumstances. The parent has the
legal right to control the child ; but if the child, from an honest
sense of duty, disobeys, and meekly suffers the consequences, I
do not know that we could blame it.
" But another question arises : how far does the law undertake
to protect the parent in the exercise of his authority ? It certainly
gives him the right to teach his child at home, to direct the read-
ing which it shall pursue, and the person who shall visit it. No
person has a right to interfere with these religious privileges. But
suppose a parent allows his child to mingle in society, to go where
it pleases : how far does his authority, then, extend ? And again,
suppose the child honestly desires religious instruction, and comes
to me to ask for it. I may not go to the parent's house to proffer
it ; I may not in any manner obtrude it upon his child ; but, if
the child come to me and ask for it, am I obliged, or at liberty,
to refuse to impart it ? I think not.
" Or, suppose a child, of full age for religious responsibility,
comes to me for my professional assistance, to enable it to.perform
a SBBViCE which it supposed commanded of God : am I at liberty
to refuse ? I should urge upon the child to delay, to set the rea-
sons of the act before the parent. The law gives the parent the
power of prevention, if he choose to use it ; but, if he does not,
and the child comes to me to perform this religious service, I do
not know that I am at liberty to refuse. Nor has the parent, that
I can see, any ground of complaint against me, provided I have
acted on the principles above specified.
" Were it otherwise, every religious teacher, and every other
man, would be almost forbidden to speak ; and, if I were preach-
ing, and a child came in whose parents were of a different opinion
from my own, I must stop; and, in fact, I must perform an
ordinance of religion, not according to the will of the sdbject,
but of its PABENTS. In fact, if every parent has the power of
dictating to every person what he shall say to his child, all con-
versation must cease, for in a mixed company you could say
nothing that would not offend somebody."
The first paragraph here quoted, is founded upon
the erroneous supposition that Armstrong was sup-
porting his child at home, and was all that a father
should be : in that view, it seems to uphold Lewis
and condemn Hall. But the remaining paragraphs —
probably without Wayland's knowledge, yet directed
by a discriminating heart— touch the facts at issue, and
are a triumphant defence of Hall against both his as-
sailants. Wayland says it may not be "always right
THE BAPTISM OP MINOR!?. 181
or just to enforce" an abstract legal power. When of
age for " religious reaponsibiUty," Wayland says, an
" honest child should be allowed to obey the dictates
of its own conscience." Hall had "delayed," as Way-
land would. Wayland would not feel at liberty to re-
fuse his " professional assistance" to perforin a service
which slie " supposed commanded of Grod," nor did
Hall. Armstrong had not "restrained," and there-
fore had "no ground of complaint" against Hall.
Wayland scouted Lewis' central idea of religious ritea
being administered " not according to the will of the
subject, but of the parents" In short, the drift of
Wajland's arguments, although clothed with personal
praises, is a keen rebuke of Lewis as to the policy, the
natural rights, and the exercise of power in the case
as it really was.
Laws are made by legislators, and construed by
judges. But law makers and law expounders are men
— only men. They pass away, and other legislators
and jndges take their places.
One of the latter class was John Banks, president
judge in Berks county, who had a similar case before
him, known as " Com. va. Sigman," in 1844. It seems
a girl of fifteen years had been dragged from her
knees at a Methodist meeting, causing a breach of the
peace. Parental control was invoked in defence of
the act, on the Lewis platform. Judge Banks, how-
ever, dissected the matter, as one of law under the
constitution, and of natural right, and came to this
conclusion :
182 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
and understands the glorious scheme of divine faith and salvation
as declared in the Scriptures, * * * he then has
a conscience, capable of dictating his duties in relation to the
worship of Almighty God, which 'no human atjthokity can, in
ANY CASE WHATEVER, CONTBOIi OK INTBRFEKB WITH.' "
In 1845, also, Judge Parsons, of Philadelphia (see p.
396, vol. 4, of Penna. Law Jour.,) ruled that
" Neither parent, guardian, nor master, have the right to
exercise any arbitrary control over an infant as to his religious
principles."
These being later decisions, do, in legal parlance,
render that of Judge Lewis, " obsolete."
That Pedobaptist court of 1842 perhaps judged they
migbt stay the progress of the Baptists by this virtual
imposition of a fine upon one of their zealous advo-
cates for the crime of one of their opponents. If so,
they made a mistake, as erring men had done before
them. The people overruled the judges. They have ac-
cepted the practical expositions of Preacher Wayland,
and the reasonable decisions of Judges Banks and
Parsons, in preference to that one-sided and "arbitrary"
view, worthy of darker days than these. Since 1842,
Mr. Hall and other ministers have immersed scores if
not hundreds of sprinkled and of unsprinkled minors,
children of professing and of non-professing parents,
within this Association ; but we hear of no further
acts of violence, nor censures from the bench, against the
administrators of the divinely appointed rite. In the
county seat where that remarkable decision was made,
there was then no Baptist church ; there are now
several Baptist churches, with four hundred members,
in the same Williamsport.
APPENDIX.
TEE FIOHEEB UISSIOITABIES of 1TT4.
Note A. — The name of pastor David SuTroN" I first
find in the Philadelphia Minutes of 1754, residence
not designated ; in 1761, lie was at Oyster Bay, N. Y. ;
at Kingffood, N. J., from 1763 to 1776, when the
record is deficient in names ; at the same place 1781
and 1782; but in 1783, his name is missing. In 1790
— 1794, he was at Ten Mile Creek, in south western
Pennsylvania. In 1792, he was a visitor to Philadel-
phia Association ; it was then the renewal of missions
was made, and he perhaps encouraged the new trio by
some account of his labors in this region, so many
years previous. — There were many Suttons, pastors,
in New Jersey, and from south western Pennsylvania
westward.
Note B. — William Wobth was some time pastor
at Pittagrove, N, J. In 1789, he was disowned by rea-
son of his embracing the doctrines of Universalism.'
In America, some of the first advocates of that delu-
sion had been Baptists, and thus quite a number of our
members were led astray, in a time of religious declen-
184 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
sion, by those who responded to the cry, " Speak unto
us smooth things ; prophesy deceit."
JVbfe G. — Elkanah Holmes, descended from the
earliest settlers of New Bagland, was born at Canter-
bury, N. H., in 1744. At the age of 16, he entered
the provincial service, and was present at the taking
of Ticonderoga ; served also against the Spaniards in
1762, and was at the taking of Havana. At the age
of 26, he was baptized by Elder David Sutton of King-
wood, and was ordained about 1774, in which year he
and his pastor and Mr.Worth were to visit this region.
While we have no record of the performance of their
duty, it is to be noted that Elder Holmes visited Wyo-
ming in or soon after 1773, and very probably took
in "Tolbert" on his preaching tour. He served as
chaplain of a New Jersey regiment during the Eevo-
lution — when he preached to the men, prayed /or them,
and fought with them in the ranks. He delivered the
opening sermon before the Philadelphia Association
in 1788 ; was a messenger to Virginia, to Warren and
to Vermont associations ; was successively pastor at
Amenia precinct, N. Y., North Stamford, Ct., Bedford,
and Staten Island, N.Y., and in 1796 baptized in Nor-
wich, N. y., on his way to missionate among the In-
dians of western New York. There he spent many
years, and had some remarkable adventures. In 1807,
he settled with a church he had raised, called "Niag-
ara," in Canada, near Queenstown. In the war of
1812, he was for a time a prisoner in the hands of the
British, for and against whom he had fought in his
youth. He died with his son at Bedford, N. Y., from
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 185
the effects of a suddea fall, 17tli January, 1832, in
the 89th year of his age and the 59th of his ministry.
He was a man of marked powers. His only known
published work is a church covenant and summary of
doctrine.
THE FIOITEEB UISSIOHABIES OF 1792.
Note D. — John Patton was bora, 1752, of Pres-
byterian parentage, in Kent county, Delaware ; was
baptized in 1783, by Abel Grifath, of Welch Tract ;
and was ordained by Bryn Sion church, Duck creek,
in 1789, when 37 years of age. In 1793, he settled in
Shamokin Tp, where a church was organized the year
following. It is stated that he aided in organizing two
other churches, "near there'' — -probably that on the
Juniata, and the White Deer. In 1809, he removed
to George Greek, ministering to the Mount Moriah
church at Smithfield, Fayette county, Pennsylvania,
where he died in 1839, aged 87 years, having preached
for half a century. He was a man flight in stature,
of respectable attainments for his day, fond of sing-
ing, and animated and engaging in his deportment.
Of his thirteen children, one (James Patton,) became
a preacher, as did also one grandson (John P. Eoeka-
fellow), both deceased. Another grandson (G. E. Pat-
ton) is preaching at Juda, Wise, and yet another
(Wm. E. Patton) is preparing for the ministry. The
rich church to which he devoted his last years, gave
him a salary of about fifty dollars, and the use of a
piece of land. This meagre support compelled hitn
to devote, to manual labor, time that might have been
better expended in the cause of the Master. For fur-
186 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
ther notice of this firsi Tcmwn Baptist minister and
pastor in this region, see Minutes of 1862. It is to
be regretted that our limits do not allow a fuller
memorial of father Patton.
Note B. — I first find the name of William Glin-
GAN as a messenger, but not pastor, of the Baltimore
church, in Philadelphia Association, 1792. The re-
cords of the First Baltimore church show that in Oc-
tober, 1792, (the very month when Elders Patton,
Clingan and Yaughan took their appointment), " Wm.
Clingham, who had recently been baptized from the
Methodists, and a few others, were dismissed to form a
Baptist church in Mifflin county, Pennsylvania." Asp-
lund's second Register reports, in 1794, a " church on
Uniata river, under the care of Elder Wm. Clingan,
of about 30 members." It would seem probable, from
this Baltimore church record, that Mr. Clingan had
been laboring on the Juniata previous to that appoint-
ment. The locality of the church he was instrumen-
tal in raising, I have not ascertained. Mr. Clingan
was returned as a messenger from Baltimore church
(but not present) when, in 1794, that church was dis-
missed to aid in forming the Baltimore Association,
and I have no further trace of him.
Note i^.— Joshua Yaughan, of Welch descent, born
near Yellow Springs, Chester county, Pennsylvania,
in 1749, lost his parents when an infant, but was reared
by a pious grandmother. While learning his trade
as a blacksmith, he spent his spare time in acquiring
knowledge that proved of great value in his after life.
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 18T
While acting as sberiff and jailor of Chester county,
he was converted. On his way to receive baptism by
the hands of Philip Hughes, be pleasantly remarked,
in reply to an inquiry, '*■ We are Philip and the Jai-
lor," He was ordained at Brandywine, in 1789, and
was assiduous in pastoral and itinerating labors until
his death, 1808, at Brandywine, aged 59 years. It is
related that "some lewd fellows of the baser sort"
once threatened to prevent his administering the rite
of baptism. Advancing into the water, Mr. Vaughan
lifted the arms whose strength had often been tested,
and declared he would grind under his feet, upon the
rocky bed of the creek, any one who should interrupt
him. No one dared to test his solemn promise. (See
extended sketch in Baptist Memorial, Sept. 1846).
EABI,Y FASIOBS OF THE ASSOCIATION.
Note Q. — Thomas Smilbt's parents were of the
Seceder branch of the Presbyterian family. He was
born in Dauphin county. Pa., in 1759. He served in
the Whig army for some time during the Eevolution,
Afterwards, enlisted under the banner of the cross, and
was baptized in 1792, in Wyoming Valley, by Elder
James Finn, of the pioneer church, at Pittstown.
He was licensed in December, 1796, by Braintrim
church, and ordained on Towanda creek, December,
1802, when forty years of age. Controversies about
land titles, in which he suffered' much, led him to
settle in White Deer Taliey, in 1808. (See Lsws of
Pennsylvania, 1820.) He raised up and served that
church, and itinerated extensively, until his death, in
1832, in his 73d year, and the twenty-fourth of his
188 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
pastorate. A stone marks his resting place near
the house where he so long preached. His opportuni-
ties for education were few, but were well improved.
He was an earnest, persevering man, of great purity
and simplicity of character. His influence in this
Association is seen in the fact that he preached the
introductory sermon six times, served as presiding
officer seven times, wrote six or seven of its annual
letters, and was practically the permanent clerk from
its origin until his decease. His high Calvinistic prin-
ciples never degenerated into fatalism, but he was
wont to exhort sinners as well as to comfort saints.
NoteS. — John Wolverton, of New Jersey parent-
age, was born about 1775; was licensed in Shamokin,
in 1807, and received ordination in 1811. He served
as pastor of Shamokin church, and also itinerated con-
siderably, in addition to carrying on various kinds of
secular business. In February, 1822, he announced
that, by reason of impaired health, he should suspend
preaching for three months. That time rolled around,
when Elder Smiley preached his funeral sermon —
Sunday, 20th May, 1822. He was buried in the an-
cient cemetery, among other early settlers of the
region, and an inscribed tombstone marks his grave,
near the house where he had labored for fifteen years.
Note I. — We pkce in this list, Simeon Coombs, who
itinerated in the region extensively, under the patron-
age of the Massachusetts Baptist domestic mission
society. He was invited, on its organization, to
the pastoral care of the Little Muncy church ; and
BIOGRAPHICAL H&TICES. 189
high hopes were entertained that he would prove a
blessing. He died somewhat suddenly, in Plymouth
courniy, Mass., about 1819, to the great grief of the
people generally, in his anticipated new home. He
was 59 years old at his death, and left a large family,
one of whom is a minister.
Note J. — Henrt Clabk was born 4th July, 1791,
in Greene county. Pa. In 1807, while apprentice to a
shoemaker in Philadelphia, he was baptized. His
parents were Pedobaptists, but his mother became a
^ Baptist in her latter years. Removing to Shamokin,
he was there licensed in 1814, and subsequently by
White Deer ; and was ordained in ISIS, at Little
Muuoy. He served that church as pastor four years,
and, afterwards, Loyalsock for a time. About 1829,
he returned to Northumberland county, and seems to
have preached independently, sympathizing somewhat,
at first, with the old school movement, but not for-
mally leaving the regular Baptists. He died in Upper
Augusta, 23d May, 1841, in his 50th year, and was
buried in the old Baptist ground in Shamokin town-
ship.
SDIIE 01 OITB EABLY VISITOBS.
A favorite " recreation" of preachers was to give
out appointments in advance, as best they could, then
mounting their horses, preach from place to place
while riding to and from Associations and other points
reached. Those "vacation" effortsrequiredlittlestudy,
as good sermons would bear repetition to new audi-
ences ; bodily and mental vigor and " back-bone" were
promoted by study on horseback and motion in the
190 NOETIIUMBEULAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
open air ; and contact with Christian friends, (an un-
usual thing, comparatively,) made the occasions mu-
tually refreshing. A few notes of some of the earliest
of our visiting brethren, will doubtless be acceptable.
Note K. — The late James Moore, Sr., informed the
writer that he was at work, " away out in the Clarion
country," but arranged his business so as to attend
and aid in organizing this Association. He said he
"brought in with him" Brother Tibbets, our only
visiting brother at the first session. Benedict states
that he was a native of Maine, and was useful in rais-
ing the interest in the Clarion region. In 1823 he
received a three months' appointment from the Massa-
chusetts society. Dunlevy's history of the old Miami
(Ohio) Association, says : " Nathaniel Tibbets was
pastor of the First Church of Cincinnati, in 1822 and
1823. He died soon after, in the prime of life and
apparent usefulness. He was a man of considerable
talents, of great energy of character, and a warm and
able preacher."
Note L. — Joseph Mathias passed a long and hon-
ored life in Hilltown, Bucks county, Pa. He was
born 8th May, 1778 ; baptized 1799 ; licensed 1805 ;
and ordained as an evangelist, 1806. Although the
pastor of the church, he spent much time in destitute
places, in distant parts as well as near home, his large
and well cultivated farm placing him in independent
circumstances. His sermons numbered 6,875, and he
spoke effectively through the press as well as from
the pulpit. As early as 1811, he was a messenger from
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES, 191
Philadelphia to Chemung Association, and preached
the opening sermon before the latter at Elmira, N. Y,
He was one of the thirty-three who formed the first
United States Baptist convention for foreign missions,
at Philadelphia, May 18, 1814. He " died in his
nest," suddenly, 11th March, 1851, in the 74th year of
his age, and the 46th of his ministry. — Following the
example to go forth " two by two," Brother Mathiaa'
first visit to our Association was in company with
John S. Jenkins, who was ordained as an evangelist
in Montgomery, Pa., 23d September, 1819, and died
not long since, at an advanced age. — DavidBateman,
from Hopewell, N. J., licensed 1809, died 1 832. Bre-
thren Bowen, Collom and Barker, it is believed were
also from New Jersey.
Note M. — John Miller was another of those
" farmer preachers," who, with unswerving devotion
totheircareforsouls, was able, by a long and laborious
life, to leave a lasting impression upon the people
among whom his strength was spent. He was born
in Volnntown, Conn., 3d February, 1775 ; was con-
verted at the age of 18; removed, first, into Central
New York, and thence into Abington, Luzerne county,
Pa., Feb. 18, 1802. The religious destitution of the
country was a call upon him to enter into the work
of the ministry, to which he was ordained, November
of the same year. He remained in that place — working
with his hands, and scattering the good seed of the Gos-
pel in ever- increasing circles — until his death, 19th
February, 1857, in the 83d year of his age and the
55th of his ministry. His is a rare specimen of a
192 NORTIITIMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
" settled pastorate" oovering half a centary. It was
stated that he baptized 2000 converts, attended 1800
funerals, and married 457 couples, in a region where
he was among the earliest settlers. Old Abington
church colonized six whole churches, and parts of
many others, and sent out seven preachers, among
them one son of father Miller. — On some of his hun-
dred miles' rides to meet this Association, he had the
company of private members of sterling worth.
Note N. — EioHARD Peoudfoot, a native of London,
England, there united with the Independents, in his
youth. After emigrating to America, he was bap-
tized, in Philadelphia, in 1804. Ordained in 1812, when
43 years of age, he labored for some time in New
Jersey, but spent his latter years in the Clearfield and
Centre region, Pennsylvania. He died while on a
preaching tour at Cromwell, Huntingdon county,
2d May, 1845, aged 76 years. He also was one
of the thirty-three original members of the Ameri-
can Baptist foreign mission organization. — Thomas
E. Thomas, a native of Wales, was another of those
ministers who, under unfavorable circumstances, have
done much for the cause of religion, and leaves a
name honored by all worthy people who knew him.
He died at Clarion, November, 1854, aged 76 years,
and leaves a son (B. H. Thomas) a useful minister in
the same region.
Note 0., page 26. — Eespecting this session, Bro-
ther Jacob R. Clark writes that Mr. Shepard was in
attendance, but not as a messenger. The Philadel-
BIOGKAPHICAL KOTICES, 193
phia Confeasiou of Taith liad been warmly a.dvocated
bj Elders Smiley, Bateman, and Clark, who were all
strong Calvinists. " After the close of tbe session, on
Sabbath aflernooa, Mr. Shepard arose, as he told them,
not to preach, but to deliver an oration. He violently
attacked the Aasociation — the Confession of Faith —
and the preachers who defended it. The delegates
were leaving the house, when the tall, white haired
veteran. Smiley, stood upon a bench, and exclaimed —
'A word, brethren, before you are finally gone. I
have to annonnce in your ears that there has been a
new confession of faith made.'— 'I deny it,' said Mr,
Shepard, ' it is more than eighteen hundred years old,'
The congregation broke up in great confusion." This,
it will be seen, was the year before the division in Lit-
tle Muncy, and the advent of Mr. Shepard into the
" Disoiple" ranks. (Note P., on next page, is probably
from the pen of Brother Smiley.)
Kole 0.,page 23. — One of those persevering evils —
more common, then, than in these days of religions
periodicals — was noticed in the Hudson River Associ-
ation Minutes, as a man of about fifty years, who had
been extensively advertised in .the Western States,
and who was sometimes known as Samuel J. Counsel-
ler, or Counsellor, or Oouneeil, or Consul, or Oousel :
and, notwithstanding this richness of alias cognomens,
he was "in the gross habit oi finding fault with his
accommodations /" Doubtless, some of the good sisters
had detected his unworthiness ; for then, aa now, they
were wont to give the best they had to those deserving
of Christian hospitality.
17
194 NOKTHUMBEELAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION,
Note P. — "For the satisfaction of those concerned,
we publish the following extract, relative to the exclu-
sion of Silas E. Shepard, from the records of our sister
church, formerly meeting in Little Muncy, but now
in Madison :
"Chubch Meeting, August 5, 1826. — We, the Par-
ticular Baptist Church, meeting at Little Muncy, being
met together this day for the purpose of consulting
each other in respect of what, in the fear of God, is
most expedient for us to do in regard of the trouble,
(hereafter mentioned), that we are now in, do,' with
one accord, declare to the world, and each other, that
we believe in . the doctrine and practice which this
church declared to the world to believe when she first
originated ; and, therefore, we still continue to adopt
the Philadelphia Baptist Confession of Faith, as a
testimony to the world of how we understand the
Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments; and thus
we wish, in the fear of God, to consider as having
given ourselves to the Lord and one to another. And
whereas, our former pastor, Silas E. Shepard, has de-
viated from that truth held by the pious Particular
Baptists that have gone before us, from the doctrine
held by this church, and also the doctrine and prac-
tice he most solemnly professed to believe and hold
when he was ordained and set apart to the work of
the Gospel ministry, we now testify, and declare, the
causes why we do not fellowship him. And,
" 1. He has publicly declared that he rejects the
said confession of faith, which formerly he professed
to receive as we do, and, while he nevertheless has
said he believes the doctrine therein contained, has
openly taught what was directly opposed thereto.
" 2. He has declared that he believes no experience
should be given in, before a person was baptized or
received into church fellowship, contrary to the general
practice of the Baptists both in Europe and America.
EXCLUSION OP SILAS E, 8HEPARD. 195
"3. He has declared against the taking a text to
preach from, which we look upon to be unprofitable,
and contrary to the Apostolic practice : ' He began at
the same Scripture, and preached unto him Jesus.'
"4. Ho has declared that there was no promise of
Christ in the world until it waa made to Abraham ;
which we do not believe, for we learn that men did
call on the name of the Lord before the deluge, and
that never could be, to divine acceptance, but in view
of a Messiah to come.
"5. He has declared that social meetings for prayer
must be in the night, with closed doors, or eke we
act the hypocrite ; when, as in the word of God we
are warranted to believe, that the godly may assemble
at any convenient time for that purpose and be heard
of their God.
" 6, He has declared openly that he will baptize all
that request it, and will say they believe; whereas,
we conceive that the Baptist cause has suffered much,
already, from the incoherent practice of many iu being
lax, and unguarded about who they baptize, and his
plan in this must greatly enhance the evil.
"7. He has, in the face of the world, taught that
the Old Testament is superseded by the New ; which
we believe to be contrary to the doctrine of both
Christ and bis Apostles, who often refer to the Law,
the Prophets, and the Psalms as written for our learn-
ing. Hence we conceive that all the godly will agree
with ns that this doctrine is a gross error, and ex-
tremely dangerous.
" 8. He has declnred against having the meetings
which we call Associations, which we conceive, if
conducted in a Christian manner, are prodtable, and
in which himself has taten a very active part hereto-
fore.
"The whole of these things we conceive to be con-
trary to the word of God, either indirectly or directly,
and a considerable part^ and especially his declaring
196 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
the Old Testament to be obsolete, is directly coDtrary.
to the word of God. Nor can we believe, while he
teaches those doctrines, that he adheres (notwith-
standing he says so,) to the doctrine contained
in our confession of faith ; because his doctrines,
and what he practices, is directly contrary thereto.
And besides, he has schismatically departed from
the church, and taken off a part of our members
with him into his sentiments. Therefore, as we are
directed in the Word to withdraw from every brother
that walketh disorderly and not according to the di-
vine rule, and believing that we have given our said
former pastor, Silas E. Shepard, no just cause of
offence, and having on Gospel ground attempted to
reclaim him, but to no purpose, we do now unitedly
agree to withdraw from him, our said former pastor,
the right hand of fellowship, esteeming him no more
a member with us until God shall restore him by re-
pentance to his former standing."
Note Q. — In a notice of the downfall, from strong
drink, of a noted Baptist minister, in 1769, Morgan
Edwards wrote, in one of his Mss. histories —
"Has not a dumb spirit, an unclean spirit, &c., been
cast out ? and who knows but Jamaica spirit will one
day be exorcised out of this country, where it makes
such dreadful havoc ? The Indians themselves lament
its being brought hither, though they are excessively
fond of it. Surely, if any creature of God were not
good, rum would be."
In 1788, our Philadelphia brethren passed the fol-
lowing :
"This Association, taking into consideration the
ruinous effects of the great abuse of distilled liquors
throughout the country, take this opportunity of
expressing our hearty concurrence with our brethren
of several other religious societies, in discountenanc-
UNIVERSlTir AT LEWISBDKG. 197
ing the use of them in future ; and earnestl7 entreat
our brethren and friends to use all their influence to
that end, both in their own families and neighborhood,
(except when used as medicine.")
Note S. — The following Trustees of the University
were taken from our Association : *James Moore, Si
James Moore, Jr., *Jo3eph Meixel, *William H, Lud-
wig, *Samuel Wolf, Levi B. Christ, *Henrj Funk,
Joel E. Bradley, Eugenie Eincaid, *Benjamia Bear,
*Lewis Vastine, Ashbel B. Longshore, Joseph P. Ti
tin, Bben B. Campbell, Henry Gerhart, J. Green Miles,
Justin U. Loomis.
And the following Curators : *A. A. Anderson,
♦Charles Tucker, *G. W. Young, 0. N. Worden, E.
W, Dickinson, *David Dye, *JohQ Steans, Isaac N,
Loomia, J. Green Miles, L W. Ilayhurst, Albert B.
Putnam, J, Anderson Kelly, John E. Shanafelt, Ste-
phen H. Miriek.
The leading officers of the University, it may be
desirable to place on record, as sometimes useful for
reference :
Beryleeb
g,n, PRESIDENTS.
SBrr
9 closed.
1846.
♦Stephen Wm. Taylor, acting,
1851.
180 1.
Howard Malconi, first regular,
1857
18o7.
George Ripley Bliss, acting, 1857.
1858.
Justin Kolph Loomis, second r
.giilar.
PULL PROPESSOBS.
1848.
«S. W. Taylor,
1851
1849.
G. E. Bliss.
1849.
George Washington Anderson
1854
1851.
Howard Malcom,
■1867
1851.
Charles Sexton James.
1851.
Alfred Taylor,
1853
198 NORTHUMBEELAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
1854.
Justin E. Loomis.
1855.
Thomas Fenner Curtis,
1865
1859.
Francis Wayland Tustin.
1865.
Lemuel Moss,
1868
1865.
Lucius Edwin Smith,
1868
1869.
Eobert Lovvry.
PRINCIPALS OF FEMALE INSTITUTE.
1852.
*Miss Hadessah S. Scribner,
1854
1854.
Miss Amanda Taylor,
1863
1863.
Miss Lucy W. Eundell,
1869
1869.
Miss Harriet E. Spratt.
CHANCELLOBS.
1847.
*Horatio Gates Jones, Sr.,
1850
1850.
Heman Lincoln,
1854
1854.
*George Washington Young,
1864
1864.
James Fuller Brown,
1870
1870.
John Harvard Castle.
Note T. — In August, 1789, a committee of the Bap-
tist churches in Virginia, addressed a letter to Gen.
Washington, then President of the United States, in
behalf of religious liberty. The following are ex-
tracts from his reply :
" I have often expressed my sentiments, that every
man, conducting himself as a good citizen, and being
accountable to God alone for his religious opinions,
ought to be protected in worshiping according to the
dictates of his own conscience.
" While I recollect, with satisfaction, that the reli-
gious society of which you are members, have been,
throughout America, uniformly and almost unanimously,
the firm friends to civil liberty and the persevering pro-
moters of our glorious Eevolution, I cannot hesitate
to believe that they will be the faithful supporters of
a free, yet efBcient, general government. Under this
* Decoasfld.
jyP*' rri m>
'T It ■ •!•
r
r,
l**^¥th^.
SLAVERY. 199
_ expectation, I rejoice to assure them, that
ibey may rely upon my best wishes, and endeavors to
advance their prosperity.
"In the meantime, be assured, gentlemen, that I
entertain a proper sense of your present supplications
to God for my temporal and eternal happiness.
" I am, gentlemen, your most Obt. Srvt.,
"George Washington."
The Philadelphia Association, in 1789, recorded this
Minute :
"Agreeably to a recommendation from the church
in Baltimore, this Association declare their high ap-
probation of the several Societies, formed in the United
States and Europe, for the gradual abolition of the
Slavery of the Africans, and for guarding against
their being detained or sent off as slaves, after having
obtained their liberty ; and do hereby recommend to
the churches we represent, to form similar societies, be-
come members thereof, and exert themselves to obtain
this important object."
The Baptists of Virginia, at their general meeting in
1789, upon a reference from the year preceding, and
on motion of the noted Democrat, Elder John Leiand,
" Resolved, That Slavery is a violent deprivation of
the rights of nature, and inconsistent with republican
government; and therefore we recommend it to our
brethren to make use of every measure to extirpate
this horrid evil from our land ; and pray Almighty
God that our honorable Legislature may have it in
their power to proclaim the great jubilee, consistent
with the principles of good policy,"
It was seventy-four years after this noble utterance
of the Baptists of Virginia, that Abraham Lincoln, son
of a Virginia Baptist, " proclaimed the great jubilee"
by the Proclamation which knocked the shackles from
four millions of human beings !
200 KORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
EMANCIPATION BAPTISTS.
Eobert Carter, a noted Baptist of Nominy, Virgi-
nia, at one time emancipated four hundred and forty-
two slaves. Indeed, " Emancipation Baptists" were
somewhat numerous. But they were gradually com-
pelled, by the overbearing spirit of the slave oligar-
chy, to settle in the Free States. Among others of
this persuasion, the parents of the late President Lin-
coln moved from Kentucky into Indiana.
Note XT. — Should any be disposed to think there
was " too much politics" in the testimony of the As-
sociation, in those terrible years from 1861 to 1865,
we advise a refreshing of the memory by a perusal of
similar expressions by the mother Association of
Philadelphia, 1776 to 1781. We have room to copy
that of the last named year, only :
" And now, dear brethren, having come to a close
of our annual meeting, before we address you by our
Circular Letter, we feel ourselves constrained to ac-
knowledge the great goodness of God towards us, and
to call on you to join with us in thankfulness and
praise, as well for the unanimity and brotherly love
which prevailed throughout our meeting, as for the
recent signal success granted to the American arms,
in the surrender of the whole British army, under the
command of Lord Cornwallis, with the effusion of so
little blood."
SUPPLEMENTAL HISTOHIEB. 201
SUFFLEBIEKTAL TO THE CHUBCH EISTOaiES.
Note V. — YouNGwoMAsrsTOWN is at the extreme
west of our bounds, twenty-five miles above Lock
Haven, among a sparse and changiog population.
A " branch" church might have been useful, until it
proved likely to be self-saatainiog. Michael Quigly
was returned aschurch clerk. It was never represented
in the Association, excepting by Brother Miles, the
pastor, while he was living at Lock Haven the first
time, and under whose labor the church arose.
MlNEBSVlLLE is in Schuylkill county, at the extreme
east of our Association. The church, under the care
of Brother Spratt Jr., was organized, with 8 mem-
bers, May 14, 1840. Its number at one time increased
to 46, Some of its pastors or supplies have been D.
C. Wait in 1841, A. M. Tyler in 1842, Brother Beebe
in 1843, J. R. Morris in 1844, A. A. Anderson 1845
to 1847, J. R. Ro?3 in 1848, Brother Harris of the
Welch church in 1850, J. M. Lyons in 1852, D. A.
Nichols in 1853. Last year it had 48 members and no
pastor. They are among a shifting, mining popu-
lation, but have at times co-operated efficiently with
their more numerous Welch brethren, and with Potts-
ville. Its clerks with us, were Edward Holt, A. H.
Lewis, L. D. Jones, J, Amerraan, T. J. Williams,
Wm. Amerman.
Briar Creee church were admitted in 1851, with
John H. Worrell, pastor, and 30 members. It should
have been noticed on page 57, They have been gen-
erally connected, as to pastoral care, with the Ber-
wick church.
202 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
As early as 1820, in Northumberland borough,
H. Norbury, Esq., and some of his family, were
Baptists, as was also Sarah [Hales] Watts, a short dis-
tance up the West Branch. Lord's day, November
10, 1822, Elder Henry Clark baptized Mrs. Matilda
Drake and Mary Tingley, in Northumberland bor-
ough, after having preached repeatedly in the house
of the 0. S. Presbyterian church. Elder Kincaid
had preached in Northumberland, to good acceptance,
some three years prior to the farewell sermon noticed
in the history of that church.
Proportion of Baptists in Population of Pennsylvania.
Note W. — The whole population of the State of
Pennsylvania, in 1870, was returned at 3,511,543.
Nineteen Baptist Associations reported
(members) 53,988
Seventy other churches, not associated, 8,641
Total of regular Baptists, as reported 67,629
Deduct, however, 6,896 in the District of
Columbia, Virginia and Delaware, from Phila-
delphia, 442 in West Virginia from Monon-
gahela, and 85 in Ohio from Beaver Associa-
tion, a total of 7,423
Leaves of Baptists in Pennsylvania, 50,206
There are, as estimated, 250 other Churches, with
(say) 25,000 members, in the State, holding to belie-
vers' baptism.
This shows one regular Baptist to 70 of the whole
population, or one baptized believer to 47 of the
whole population.
COMPARATIVE PROGRBSB. 203
The followiDg illustrates the comparative progress
of Baptists and of the whole population in Fennsjl-
vania, for the past eighty years:
E
lAPTIsra.
POPULATION.
1792,
l,3-.8.
1790, 434,373—1 Bap.to 322 pop.
1812,
5,116.
1810, 810,091—1 " 168 "
1832,
11,103.
1830, 1,318,233—1 " 121 ■■
1852,
30,053.
1850, 2,311,786—1 " 77 "
1870,
60,208.
1870, 3,511,543—1 ■■ 70 "
Baptials and whole Fopulatioa of the TTiliioii.
The census of 1870 gives to the United States a
population of 38,312,633.
The regular Baptists numbered, in 1870, 1,222,349
Four other orders of baptized believers, 604,027
Total, 1,826,37(5
This shows 1 Baptist to 33 of the whole population,
or 1 baptized believer to 21 of the whole population.
The whole number of members of Evangelical
churches is computed at 5,813,924, or 1 to 7 of the
■ whole population, the baptized believers comprising
nearly one-third of the aggregate.
These figures, and those on page 95, show a larger
Baptist membership in our Association than the aver-
age of the State, but the proportion of Baptists in
Pennsylvania considerably less than the average for
the whole Union.
204 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
ADDITIONAl BIOGBAPHICAI NOTICES.
Among the preceding Notes are sketches of pioneer
Missionaries, before and after the Eevolution ; of the
deceased original Pastors of this body ; and of some
of their earlier Visitors. It will doubtless be grati-
fying to many to peruse in addition, some account of
such ministering brethren, once living in our bounds,
as are known to have finished their course on earth.
Some of the following sketches might have been con-
siderably enlarged ; but as, in several instances, I was
able, after repeated inquiries, to gather but few details,
and as space is limited, it seems best to give merely the
outlines of all, leaving the delineations of gifts and of
graces to the memories and the inquiries of those
interested.
Geobge Higgins was born at Marcus Hook, De-
cember 16, 1798, and was baptized in Philadelphia,
in 1817 ; was licensed in 1827 by the Spruce Street
church, and in February, 1829, was ordained at Read-
ing. Under the patronage of the State Convention, he
devoted himself to missionating, first in the Schuyl-
kill valley, and next along the West Branch of the
Susquehanna. Here, from about 1829 to 1839, his
labors were abundant, and were largely blessed. About
half of those ten years, he resided in Milton, and half
in Jersey Shore, but preached for other neighboring
churches. He baptized 458 on this field. A Metho-
dist presiding elder said he heard from Mr. Higgins
all over his district, up the river and Pine creek. The
churches in Reading, Clinton and Lock Haven arose
mostly under his labors. In 1839, he returned to
BIOOKAPHIOAl NOTICES. 205
Philadelphia; aided informing the Calvary church
in 18il,and in 1850 settled with the old Montgomery
church, with whom he died, Mirch 9, 1869, in his
76th year. During his ministry, he baptized nearly
fifteen hundred^persons. He preached three opening
sermons before this Association, was Moderator three
sessions, served as clerk three years, and wrote four
Circular Letters.
George Spratt, Sr., bom in Winchester, Eng., July
8, 1787, was brought up in the Episcopal church, in
which he was ordained a priest, having been, as he
thought, converted under sermons from John Angell
James. January, 1811, he married Elizabeth Main,
and, thre? days afterwards, set sail as a medical mis-
sionary for the East Indies. Providence, however,
frustrated his plans, and he settled in' Quebec. He
labored as pastor of two Independent (or Congrega-
tional) churches, one in Upper and one in Lower
Canada, for fifteen years. Removing to Philadelphia,
he became a subject of Christian baptism. His two
prior inductions into the ministry not being deemed
sufBciently orihodox, our brethren there gave him a.
license in 1826, and ordination in 1827. His subse-
quent labors were at Bridgeton, N. J., then at "Sha-
mokin and vicinity," -{succeeding Father Smiiey at
White Deer, in 1833,) from 1831 to 1834; thence to
Covington, to Mead's corners, and Allegheny, in the
north-western part of the State; and finally to Great
Valley, Chester county. While supplying the church
at Valley Forge, he died suddenly, January 28, 1863,
in the 76th year of his age, and the 53d of his min-
is
206 NORTHUMBERLAND- BAPTIS* ASSOCIATION.
istry. He was a good physician for the body, and
as a preacher exulted in the sublime doctrines of
Paul. Two years before his death, he by will directed
this simple but expressive inscription should mark
his grave : '' A sinner saved by gi^A-CE." — His son,
George M. Spratt, needs no introduction to this Asso-
ciation. One of his grandsons, J. S. Wrightnour, is
the youthful pastor at Pequea. Mr. Spratt, Sr., wrote
the Circular Letter for 1832.
Daniel 0. Wait was born in Le Eoy, K Y., in
1812 ; was baptized in Ithaca, when 15 years of age ;
licensed at 20 ; studied three years at Hamilton ; was
ordained at Homer in 1836; and labored for a time in
north-eastera Ohio. He served at Milton, Northum-
berland, and Minersville, 1838 to 1841, presided twice
as Moderator of the Association, preached the opening
sermon once, and wrote the Circular for 1840. Ee-
turning to central New York, he died of consumption,
while serving the Lansing & Groton church, Nov.
3, 1842, at the early age of thirty years.
William S. Hall was born of Quaker parents, in
Blockley, Pa., 27th November, 1809, and died in
White Deer Yalley, 8th June, 1867, in his 58ih year.
He was converted at the age of 16, and baptized by
Joseph H. Kennard ; was licensed by the Blockley
church in 1828, and there ordained, 4th October, 1820.
His labors as an itinerant extended to Berks, Schuylkill,
Lancaster and Chester counties, and into the Northum-
berland region. In his White Deer church record,
under date of 20th November, 1829, Father Smiley
wrote: "A young brother Hall, (something turned of
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 20T
tbe twentietli year of bis age,) -who is itinerating in
this region," preacbed from Acta 5 : 38, 39, and bap-
tized Mrs. Sarah Lomison, wbo ia in cbe 79th year of
her age : " it was the second person baptized by bim."
He labored also in Shatnokin and other points. He
is next found preaching at Frankford, and at Miles-
town ; in 1836, atZaneaville, Ohio; and in 1838 again
at Milestown, and Ridley, Pa. After several years of
"labors abundant" in this Association, he settled at
Pbosnixville for a time ; next, in 1857, accepted a call
to the Laight Street church. New York city ; and in
1860 took the charge of the North church, Phila-
delphia. Here his labors in the church and in aiding
to suppress the rebellion, (in which contest he lost one
son,) broke down his constitution, and he retired to
White Deer with the hope of recruiting, but continued
to preach as long as he was able. He favored
the Free Mission and Bible Union movements, and
was an Abolitionist when the name was a reproach
and a burden to bear. Before, leaving Philadelphia
for the last time, (March 14, 1867,) he recorded that
he had immersed two thousand four hundred and
fifty-nine (2459) persons on profession of their faith in
Jesus Christ, and was instrumental in raising nine
e-burcbes, and building eight meeting houses. He
served as Moderator and as clerk of this Association,
and wrote the Circular for 1841.
CHARLE3 Tucker was born in Broome, Schoharie
county, N. Y., in April, 1809. He was one of six
brothers, of whom Ave — Elisha,Levi, Charles, Anson,
and Silas — became useful ministers of the Gospel.
208 KORTHDMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
Their father, also, was a licensed preacher until his
death, in his 80th year. In his 19th year, Charles
joined the Presbyterian church, at Durham, N. Y.
Aftewards, he was baptized, at Deposit, by his brother
Levi, and began to study at Hamilton. His health
failing, he went to live with a brother at Blockley,
Pa., and studied for a time at Haddington. In 1837,
having received ordination, he began his official career
at Milesburg, Centre county, and in 1840 appeared as
pastor at Jersey Shore, where, and in the vicinity,
his labors were crowned with the divine blessing. He
served twice as Moderator, and preached one intro-
ductory sermon before the Association. In 1846, he
became engaged as pastor of the new Tabernacle
church, in Philadelphia, and died there in September,
1850, aged 41 years. His only son, aged 19, after
graduating with honor at Lewisburg, fell at Gettys-
burg, (see page 72.) Brother J. Green Miles studied
and labored with Brother Tucker before entering upon
his own first pastorate.
Isaac D. Jones, of "Welch descent, was born in
Providence, Luzerne county. Pa., March 7, 1801 ;
was born again, and baptized in 1820 ; became Deacon
of the church in Exeter, 1826, and was ordained in
1830. He preached successively at Northmoreland,
Exeter, Eaton, Forkston, Mehoopany, Pittston, Falls-
town, (now Newton,) Monroe, Towanda, Franklin, Le
Koy, Union, Loyalsock, Eush, Shamokin, and Dan-
ville, Pa., and Tioga, Owego Creek, Berkshire &
Caroline, and other places in New York. He served
several churches in Steuben county, and died with his
BIOGEAPHICAL NOTICES. 209
armor on, at South Dansville,N. Y., July 27, 1857, in
his 57th year. He left a son, I, C. Jones, a preacher
at Silver Creek, Nebraska.
WlLLlAu J. Nice, -was a licentiate of the Philadel-
phia Association in 1839; studied at Familton;
served as pastor at Upper Freehold, N. J., and died in
early manhood, at Woodbury, in 1846.
Since preparing tbe table on page 108, 1 learn that
Alanson M. Tyler was born in Broadalbic, N. Y.,
converted at an early age, and studied six: years before
commencing his ministrations at Minersville andPotts-
ville. He was ordained as pastor of Evesham church,
at Marlton, N. J., in May, and died of braia fever in
July, of 1846, aged 32 years.
John" -H. Worhell was a licentiate of the Tenth
Church in Philadelphia, in 1841 ; studied a season at
-Hamilton; came into this Association in 1842, and
was ordained, in Eush, the same year. He served
-Sunbury, Augusta, Shamokin, Eush, Danville, Ber-
wick and Briar Creek churches, and was largely en-
couraged by accessions under bis ministry. He acted
as Moderator, and also as a clerk of the Association.
His name disappeared from our Minutes in 1854, and
he finished his course while laboring at Elgin, III., in
1881, in the full vigor of life.
Albert Adgustus Anderson, a native of Wil-
mington, Del., was a licentiate in the Philadelphia
Association, 1844; v/as ordained in Minersville, 1845,
-and served.as pastor as late as 1847, in which year he
.preached the opening sermon before the Association.
He died in Huntingdon county, 1851, in his 45lh year.
210 NORTHUMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
Daniel Tbites, born in Eidley, Pa., January 24,
1807, was educated in the Episcopalian faith. He was
baptized when about 23 years of age, was licensed iu
1832, and ordained at Ridley, 1834; was pastor at
Newtown in 1836, and at Lower Providence in 1843.
In 1845, he removed to Northumberland and Sunbury,
where he was favorably received, and served the As-
sociation once as a clerk. Ill health induced him to
return, in 1846, to Lower Providence, where he died,
about March, 1847, aged 40 years.
George W. Young was born Aug.9, 1819,in Chester
Co., Pa., and received into the Hephzibah church, by
baptism,. when 13 years of age; was licensed at 18;
graduated at Hamilton, and ordained at Jersey Shore*
in 1848 ; removed to Washington, Pa., in 1851 ; to
Logans Valley in 1854 ; and to Zanesville, O., 1863.
He there died, Nov. 12, 1864, after two days' illness, in
his 46th year. He preached one opening sermon before
this Association, served as clerk for two years, and
was Chancellor of the University at Lewisburg from
1854 until the year of his death,
Lemuel Walton was a licentiate of Central church,
Philadelphia, in 1845 ; studied at Hamilton, gradua-
ting about 1849. His sole pastorate of three years
was at Chestnut Hill, Pa , where he died of consump-
tion, 1853, in his 83d year.
Heney Essick was born in Chester county, Pa.,
about 1819 ; was baptized at the age of 14, and li-
censed by the Windsor church in 1839. He studied
at Germantown and Hamilton, and was ordained at
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 211
Newtown, Pa., iu 1842 ; labored at Dover, Laacaster,
and Coleraio, and from ISol to 1856 with Madison,
Derry and Moreland cburcha-^, in this Assoeiation, of
which he was once Moderator, and once the introduc-
tory preacher. He was laid aside from active labor
in 1856, and after three years of suffering entered into
rest, March 9, 1359, aged iO years. The churches of
his care and other friends extended ef&cieat aid in
securing a home for his feraily,
Dteb a. Nichols, born in Bast Grreenwieb, R. I.,
13th May, 1803, was of Quaker origin. He studied
at Hamilton, and was ordained in Auburn, N. Y.,
in 1829; preaehed for a short time in New Jersey,
then came into Pennsylvania, where, about 1830, he
was instrumental in raising the church in Harrisburg.
His labors were chiefly as an evangelist, in which ca-
pacity he was with flosborp. Chestnut Hill, Norristown,
Hatboro, West Chester, Falls of Schuylkill, Phcenis-
ville. Valley Forge, and Bethesda churches, and prob-
ably others, in the south-eastern- part of the State, and
with Danville, Minersville, White Deer, Sunbury and
Aui'usta churches in this Association. He died sud-
denly in Philadelphia, Nov. 7, 1867, in his 65th year.
JuDAH L. Richmond, a graduate of Hamilton, was
ordainedinl833, and came fromNew York State into
Pennsylvania, where he served as agent for our State
Convention, and subsequently for the A, & P. Bible
Society. Removing into north-eastern Ohio, he there
died, a few years since, while yet in the vigor of his
days. His father, Edmund Richmond, was a preacher.
212 NOETHUMBEELAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
and also one son ; and representatives of the three
generations at one time oocupied his pulpit together.
Ira Foster, from the Pittsgrove church, New Jer-
sey, was trained a Pedobaptist, but, converted early,
came among the first of the students to Lewisburg,
His health failing for a time, he entered Into mercan-
tile business, and married. Eesuming his studies, he
graduated in 1854. He aided the stated clerk in his
labors for three years. He was returned as a supply
at Danville' in 1853, was ordained in 1854, and labored
successfully until 1856, during which year his health
again failed, when he retired to Philadelphia, and died,
Feb. 4, 1857, aged 34. He was buried in Lewisburg.
Joshua Kellt was converted at the age of 15, and
at 28 (in 1850) commenced" his ministerial career with
the Methodists, of which his parents were among the
earlier members. In 1856, he renounced some of the
peculiarities of that order, and was led, by his study
of the Scriptures, where he least desired or expected
to be — into the Baptist ranks. He was baptized, in
Munoy, by J. R. Loomis, in 1856, and afterwards
served the Muncy, Union, White Deer and Clinton
churches, preaching the opening sermon before the
Association, and acting as assistant clerk, in 185S. In
1859, he accepted a call to Williamsport, and was
laboring with growing encouragement until his very
sudden departure from this life, on the 10th of April,
1862, aged 40 years. He was buried in Lewisburg,
his native place. During his last years, he was especi-
ally active in arousing the people to resist the aggres-
sions of the slave power in arms.
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 213
Oeangb L. Hall was born October 11, 1829, near
Great Bend, Susquehanna county. Pa. At the age of
14, he was converted under the labors of Elder Post,
of Montrose, but united with the Presbyterians, to
which church his parents adhered. He was baptized,
■ in 1846, by Elder John Holmes, of Great Bend, and
was afterwards licensed to preach by the church at
Wafctsburg, Erie county. Pa. Eeturoing east in the
spring of 1851, he was ordained in December follow-
ing. He served, as pastor, the Maple Hill or Scott
church, Blakely, and Hollisterville, in Abington Aa-
soeiation, and Danville, Kush, Shamokin, Augusta,
Trevorton and Selinsgrove, in the Northumberland.
During his brief ministry, he was engaged in organiz-
ing the Maple Hill, Hollisterville and Trevorton
churches, and baptized 144 persons. In the fall of
1862, he enlisted in the Union service, and was soon
commissioned as Chaplain of the 147th P. T, Com-
ing home to bid his family farewell for a campaign, it
was found that he had contracted the sraall-pox^ with
which he died, Nov. 30, 1862, aged 33 years.
John Q. A. Rohrbr, from Rohrersbnrg, Maryland,
came to study, in Lewisburg, as a member of another
denomination, but was received into the Milton church
in 1857. After graduating, he married, in Bingham-
ton. Miss Sarah Robinson, a grand child of David
Post, an early Baptist of Montrose. In August, 1860,
Mr. and Mrs. Eohrer set sail in the " Edwin Forrest,"
as missionaries to Japan ; but neither vessel, crew nor
passengers have since been heard from. Mr. Eohrer
was 28 years old at the time he left for Japan,
214 NORTHrMBERLAND BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
John Gabdiner Penney, a native of Adams, N.Y.,
studied at Rochester, and at Princeton ; was pastor at
Flemington, N.J., in 1857 ; labored at Berwick, Briar
Creek, and Bloomsburg, 1862 ; and died at Liverraore,
Westmoreland Co., Pa., in 1865, in his 35th year.
Of the fore named twenty-four ministers, only eight,
or one-third — Wolverton, Clark, S.miley, Foster, Essick,
Kelly, 0. L. Hall, and Wm. S. Hall — were members
with us at the time of their decease.
Excepting Brother Walton, I think each of the
twenty-four left a widow, or children, or both, to
mourn their great earthly loss.
Quite a number were in their youth or prime.
Their average life time was about fifty years.
Early conversions is a marked peculiarity in the
lives of nearly all of whom we have definite infor-
mation, their ages at baptism commencing at thirteen
years, and most being under twenty. Against such
"infant baptisms," we have no "protest."
There were also many Deacons, and private breth-
ren and sisters, whose pure lives and patient and wise
labors it would have been pleasant to delineate. But
selections might be unjust, and would, at best, seem
partial, and I have therefore attempted no special me-
morial tribute to any of them. Their work is done, and
"their record is on high." We soon shall follow.
GEKEEAL INDEX.
[As the space is limited, tlils Index is not exliauHtlve. and refers by
ame to oaly tbi'ce or four of tbe earliest Pastors oiaong the Uvlag,]
imbs, Simeon ,.,
14<!la ■ -
responding— I
Anniversary
ABaocitltion fl
ABSoclallons, uui i<
18,23,24.27, -. -
Artlclesof latibrmi) 1»,'1»3
(ViH).
oclatlonal m
n.A. A."".'.'.'.'.'..'.!
n Bap. Pnb. »■
Taggart. Way land, Banks, a
'I objections conal3ered ISO
Baptist cb., mode of fr
Doctrinal sermons 75
Danville chun-b ilBtollS
Derry (see TurbntvlUcl
Eduoalion 35 iO i" ii Bl
n the J
1, ISIt
" fbrelEn miss's. .17,^,
" domestic missions -
" BduoB SnCletvofPa... -
" State Convention of Pa. 31
Brainard, David, at Shanmr'
Biai-k Hole Valley, baptlzin
BuffiloeVillev preoclilnR.-
■ Btown(cit() _10 180 199
Bald E igle <
Beai,hHa\en onurcn bd uu
Berwick church ^1 to I
Bloomsbnrg Bblol
Briar Creeli; (1 51) IDS US ;
Bfnton (gee Jackson)
Bateinan David Zfl 111 1
Brother— Elder— Blab op— Ke\
C3orrespoDdlng letters
Comparative progr-"-
Constitution Rule
Haddington Inslitutton 30 doB
Houses or worship 114 lo 120
Holmes Elkanah 10 Itl
iRglns, George 30 to "(M
air wflliams n ti "66
Flillf Orange 'l Be lo 213
"--'iRville (see Wolf Township )
Inquiries from tbe ohurchc?— "S 3i,
58 E9 77 Bl (S
Infant baptiam protest agalnBt. 123
In Court 175
notnroleared 214
Impostors .o 20 23 29 ill 143
Jenkins Jobn.S
■" LaporleiE^gl^■■J
" Ijlltle Mun \.fa6.
LudiHg Dr Wra
CoHeclingftgen
(IhrBtlanCnze
Clinton tburoh
Cliugan Willia
:l isetli Baptists,
23 ZS.JIl
103 203
64I0 312
51 to 19
'A 26 ise II
216
GENERAL INDEX.
MinOTR, baptizing of ITi to 214
Ministers of Association. ..108 to 111
Ministers and members of other
denominations referred to— 9, 2R.
7S, 97, 11.'!, 115, 118, 128 to 168, 176, 202
Ministers" and widows' fund 65
Madison church 13 to 115
Morelaod " l-S to 118
Milton •■ 28 to 115
Minersville " 43 to 66, 106-16. 201
Munc.v " 46 to 116
M'Ewensvllle church 58 to 118
Montandon station 83, 117
Mathias, Joseph...23 to 29, 100-2, 190
Miller, John.... 25-6, 100-2, 191
Moore, James, Sr 17, 62. 100-3, 190
Miles, J. Gfeen...4, 46 to 109, 197. 208
Northumberland eh 47 to 116, 202
Nice, Wm. J 108, 209
Nichols, Dyer A 109, 211
Names of ministering brethren
not Indexed— 5, 6. 11, 24. 28, 29. 1
a5, 3R. 37, 88, 89, 40, 41. 42, 43 44, fil,
72. 100-11, 117. 134-,5, 185, 1S7, 192, 196,
197, 198, 199, 201, 206, 207, 209, 211, 213
Names of other brethren, not in-
dexed— .5, 6, 11, 12. 17, 25, 27, .3.1, 34,
36, ,38. 41, 43, .5,5, 66, 68, 83. 87, 89, 100
to 103. 104-5, 119, 192, 197, 198, 199,
201,202,213.
Names of sisters, not Indexed— 29,
IW, 119. 198,202, 207. 213.
"New Hampshire" (J.N.Brown's)
Confess'n of Faith recom'nded...50
Obituaries, not indexed— 29, 5,5, 57.
61, 62. 64, 65, 67, 69, 71, 72, 73, 75, 80,
82, 84. 87.
(see also Biographical sketches.)
Ordaining Ministers 44,49, 74, 77
" Deacons 81
Old School Baptists 28, 37, 41
Prayer, special seasons,25,44,49,63,70
Protracted meetlngs...37to40. 4.5, 54
" Parsonages" 117, 120
Placesofsessionsof Association. .92
Pnnctuallty at " " 91
Presidents Univ. at Lewisburg... 197
Professors " " ...197
Principals " Fem. Institute..l98
Patton, John 11, 18.5
Pasco, Z'lphar D 81 to 37, 108
Proudfoot, Richard 38, 192
Penney, John G 110, 214
Reprint of first year's Minutes. ..15
" of four Circulars 20, 122
Rush church 42 to Ufi
Rogers. Samuel 29 to 102
Richmond Judah L 109,211
Rohrer, John Q. A 110, 218
Sunday Schools 40, 43, 54, 68, 89
Sabbath desecration 44
Southern Baptist secession .51
Slavery 52, 61, 70, 198
Bprinlcling is not Baptism 134
Shamokin 3'p. church 12 to 114
Sunbury " 48 to 116
Selinsgrove " 64 to 118
Summit " 74 to 119
Shamokin Boro' " 86 to 120
Sutton, David 10, 183
.Smiley, Thomas 13 to 193
Sliepard, Silas E 17 to 29, 192-4
Spratt, Geoige, .Sr 3.3, 108, 205
" George M., Jr 3, 33 to 206
Temperance 30,196
Times of Meeting 48, 100
Table of annual Officers of
the Association 100 to 103
" Introductory preachers
and texts 100-1
" of annual additionsand
diminutions 102-3
" of Circular letters. &c 104-5
" statistics of each Church 106
" No. of baptismal years 107
" Ministers of Asso'n 108 to 111
Trustees of University at Lewis-
burg from this Association 197
Tolbert, Talbort, or Turbut Tp...in,
12. 184
Turbntville church 52 to 117
I'revorton " 66 to 119
Tibbet, Nathaniel 17, 190
Thomas, Thomas E .38, 192
Tucker, Charles 43 to 207
Tyler, Alansnn M 48 to 209
Trites, Daniel 102 to 210
University at Lewishnrg— 35, 51, S3,
66, 60. 67, 90, 197
Union ch., (see Watsontown.)
United States statistics 203
Vanghan, Joshua 11, is'e
Virginia Baptists, 1789 J98
Weekly communion Jig
Welch Baptists 94, 201
Washington's tribute to the Bap-
tists 199
White Deer church 13 to 114
Warren ch., on Pine creek. ...38, 92-4
Watsontown church 46 to 116
Wolf Township " -.55toll8
Williamsport, Fl rst church 61 to 118
" First German 83tol]9
" Second 83 to 119
" Wash! ngton St....86 to 120
White Hall church 66toll9
Winfleld " 83tol20
Worth, William 10, 183
Wolverton. John IS, 17. 23 1S8
Wolverton. Isaac 17 to 104
Walt, Daniel C 41 to 206
Worrell, John H 48 to 209
Walton, Lemuel Iu9, 210
Youngwomanstown .55 to 201
Young, George W 57, 210
Zlnzendorf, Moravian misslons...9
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