History of the Police Department of Rochester, N.Y. : from the earliest times to May 1, 1903

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HISTORY

OF THE

Police Department

OF ROCHESTER, N. Y.

From the Earliest Times to May i, 1903

WITH A RECORD OF THE

PRINCIPAL CRIMES COMMITTED

A DESCRIPTION OF THE PUBLIC BUILDINGS CONNECTED WITH
THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE

AND LISTS OF THE OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF THE
FORCE FROM THE BEGINNING

AND OF OFFICIALS CONNECTED WITH THE
DEPARTMENT

BY WILLIAM F. PECK

PUBLISHED BY THE

ROCHESTER POLICE BENEVOLENT ASSOCIATION
1903

JOHN P, SMITH
PRINTING COMPANY
ROCHESTER, N. V.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTORY

Difficulty of Obtaining Information regarding the Early Police — The First
Newspapers — The Tardy Settlement of Rochester — Unhealthfulness of
the Locality — Preliminary History —The Phelps and Gorham Purchase —
The Mill Yard— The First Buildings of Rochester.

CHAPTER II

THE SETTLEMENT OF ROCHESTER
The One-Hundred-Acre Tract — Its Purchase by Rochester, Fitzhugh and
Carroll — Efforts to Start Elsewhere — Naming of the Future City — The
First Dwelling Erected -Fourth of July Celebrated — Town Constables
of Gates.

CHAPTER III

ROCHESTER A VIIAAGE

The Village Charter— The First Board of Trustees— Other Officers Elected—
The Street Patrol— The Night Watch -Birth of the Police Department -
Formation of Monroe Count3- — The First Court-House — The First Jail.

CHAPTER IV

CRIME IN ROCHESTER

The First Burglary -The Evil of Intemperance— The First Homicide — Name
of the Village Changed — Part of Brighton Annexed to Rochester —The
Tread-Mill Advocated— Attempted Jail Delivery —A Singular Forgery —
Increase of Power of the Trustees — The Morgan Abduction.

CHAPTER V

THE GROWTH OF THE VILUGE

Ordinances of the Board of Trustees— Morality Strictly Maintained — Village
Constables — Basil Hall's " Travels in North America " — His Description
of Rochester — Phenomenal Activity of the Village — Sam Patch's Leap
to Death — Sabbatarian Agitation — The Second Jail Built.

CHAPTER VI

ROCHESTER A CITY

The First Officers of the Municipality — The New Charter — The City
Marshal — Organisation of the Watchmen — Location of Police Office
and Lock-up— The Question of Licenses — Friction between the Mayor
and the Common Council — Resignation of Mayor Child.

CHAPTER VII

THE NIGHT WATCH

A Quiet City under Mayor Gould — Capt. Dana's Watch Book — Arrests
Made by the Night Watch — Regulations for their Guidance — Their
Duties— Lighting the Lamps — The Cry of the Watch — The Constables —
Evolution of the Police Force.

CHAPTER VIII

THE FIRST MURDER

The Slaying of William Lyman — Excitement in the Community — The
Trial of Octavius Barron — His Conviction and Execution — Austin
Squires Kills his Wife, and Pays the Penalty — Trial of Dr. Hardenbrook
for the Murder of Thomas Nott — The Rochester Knockings — Riot at
Corinthiag Hall.

History of Police Department

CHAPTER IX

REFORMATORY, JURIDICAL, CORRECTIONAL

The Western House of Refuge — The Second Court-House — Laying its
Corner-Stone — Murder Trial of Maurice Antonio — Conviction and
Execution — Monroe County Penitentiary — Home for Idle and Truant
Children.

CHAPTER X

THE DEPARTMENT GETS A CHIEF
Amendments to the Charter — The First Chief of Police — Increase of the
Force — Disappearance of Emma Moore — Police Troubles in Know-
Nothing Times — The Murder Trial of Martin Eastwood — Ira Stout's
Murder of Littles— Full History of the Crime— Trial of John B. Robertson.

CHAPTER XI

THE DEPARTMENT REORGANISED

Board of Police Commissioners — Their Powers and Duties — Clerk of the
Board — Increase of the Force — Roundsmen Appointed — Captain of
Night Police — Grade of Lieutenant Created — The Sunday-Closing
Question— The Civil Service Law — The Board Declines to Act under It.

CHAPTER XII

THE HAND OF BLOOD

The Orton Murder— The Messner Murder- The Montgomery Murder — Death
of 'Squire Moore — The Heffner Homicide — The Howard Riot — The
City Hall — The Front Street Building — Female Suffrage— The John
Clark Murder — Three Murders in one Summer — Extensive Jail -
Breaking — Death of Captain Sullivan — The Lutz Murder — The
Semi-Centennial.

CHAPTER XIII

THE SECOND HALF CENTURY

Changes in the Force — Mysterious Falsehood of a Suicide — The Bank
Forgeries — Erection of the Present Jail — Murder near Avon — Alibi
Established by Burglary — The Gorham Street Riot — The Stone'
Murder— The O'Neil Murder — The Street Car Strike— The Shooting
of Stoddard— The Day Murder -Plenty of other Murders— The Third
Court-House — Laying the Corner-Stone -Description of the Building —
Police Headquarters— Dorthy's Career — The Jury Commissioner — The
Smith Murder.

CHAPTER XIV

UNDER THE WHITE CHARTER

Police Provisions of the Charter — Ordinances of the Common Council —
The First Commissioner of Public Safety — James D. Casey Succeeds
James G. Cutler — George A. Gilman Appointed Commissioner — A
Record of Crime— The Keating Murder— The Orphan Asylum Fire —
The Brown Murder — The Hickey Murder— The Ethel Dingle Tragedy—
The McFarlane Murder — The Coal Famine— Statistics for the Past Year.

CHAPTER XV

THE PRESENT DAY

The Departmental Staff — The Civil Service Requirements — The Pension
Fund — The Police Benevolent Association — The Police Telegraph

System — The Bertillon System of Measurement — The Card System

Records at Headquarters — The Police Bulletin — The Book of Rules.

CHAPTER XVI
THE CIVIL LIST

BIOGRAPHICAL

CHAPTER I

Introductory

Difficulty of Obtaining Information regarding the
Early Police — The First Newspapers — The
Tardy Settlement of Rochester — Unhealth-
fulness of the Locality — Preliminary History
— The Phelps and Gorham Purchase — The Mill-
Yard — The First Buildings In Rochester.

It is well known to most of those who will read this
book that Rochester is one of the youngest cities in this
part of the United States, so youthful, in fact, that a daughter
of the founder from whom it derives its name is still living
among us. Therefore, a history of its police department, as
extending over a much shorter duration of time, must
necessarily be less voluminous than in the case of many
smaller municipalities whose antiquity gives to the historian
a wider scope for his researches. But the difficulty lies not
so much in the scarcity of incidents, of events, in the early
days, as in the indifference of those who might have recorded
the facts near the time of occurrence and thus have preserved
for use at this day, and up to this day, information that is now
wholly lost or is obtainable only in disconnected fragments.
One would suppose that the local newspapers of that age —
the Rochester Gazette, published by Dauby & Sheldon, the
initial number appearing April 3, 1816, and the Rochester
Telegraph, established by Everard Peck & Co. July 7, 1818 —
would have kept a chronicle of the weekly happenings, the
crimes, the accidents, the meetings, the new buildings erected,
and other incidents that must have interested, and that almost
vitally, the inhabitants of the little community. But, no ; of
all those things practically nothing, while both journals are
filled, besides their advertisements, with long accounts of
some trivial accident in Skaneateles or some ordinary fire in

History of Police Department

New Orleans, with verbose letters from the Burmese mission
or minute descriptions of Arctic voyages, while the attractive
personality of Napoleon Bonaparte, then in the evening of
his life at St. Helena, furnished an inexhaustible theme of
narration.

The reason for this singular omission of what was most
important, and was " close to men's business and bosoms,"
while dilating upon the remote and the disconnected, is
conjectural, but probably it lies in the fact that the journalists
of those days considered that their readers must be already
familiar with the home events, and so there was no need
of describing them, while all would be benefited by the
reception of information that could not possibly be obtained
from personal observation or from gossip with their neighbors.
The effect of this peculiar conception is permanent. The
searcher of the present day finds it almost impossible to
obtain any valuable data from the sources mentioned, the
most diligent examination, involving the turning over of
each leaf of every issue of at least one of those newspapers
during the seven years of its independent existence, resulting
only in the discovery of a few desultory statements that
could be pressed into service. A consultation of all the
earliest village records known to be in existence has completed
the investigation in this regard, save for occasional glimpses
of private diaries or memoranda that were procurable. No
use whatever has been made of the reminiscences of any
" oldest inhabitant," for the experience of the writer has
shown him that a single line of written or printed matter
made near the time of occurrence of the event described is
worth more than whole pages of irresponsible anecdotes whose
interest increases at the expense of their accuracy.

Of official chronicles at the central police headquarters
there are practically none, and those of the commission of
Public Safety, which is the head of the department, naturally
extend back for so short a period as to be not available until
well within the present day. " Happy the nation," says
Montaigne, " happy the nation that has no annals," and the
apothegm might be equally forcible if slightly altered so as
to read : " Happy the city that has no police records," as

Rochester, New York

indicating a degree of primeval morality that rendered such
statistics unnecessary if not impossible. But it would have
saved a vast deal of trouble if some record could have been
kept of appointments before 1865, to show concisely the
various changes that occurred in the composition of the
force, instead of compelling an exhaustive examination of
every directory of Rochester that has been issued from 1827
down to the present year.

Though not directly connected with this department, it
may be as well to pave the way for any extended history by
noting the principal events associated with the settlement of
this place, thus leading up to a survey of the geimination
and growth of the police force, with its development up to
this time. Rochester was belated in its birth. It was not
one of the first but one of the last places to be settled in this
part of the state, and even within the limits of the present
county of Monroe several places had permanent residents long
before anyone came here to establish a home. The reason
for this delay is not hard to find. It was the pestilential
nature of this spot, the fever-breeding character of this
immediate locality, where, from the low-lying lands, the
miasma rose like an exhalation, both night and day, while
the deadly wolf prowled in the darkness and noxious insects
and reptiles made life miserable throughout the daylight
hours. Even the Seneca Indians, whose territory embraced
the western third of the state, avoided this site and had their
scattered villages elsewhere. It was nothing but the presence
of the Genesee falls that brought people here to stay and to
use the motive power of what was then a far mightier stream
than it is at present to turn into nutritious flour the golden
grain from the rich wheatfields of the Genesee valley. When
the real start was once made, after one or two abortive
attempts, the indomitable energy of the pioneers prevailed
over all the frightful obstacles of nature, new comers kept
pouring in from the eastward, and the little settlement grew
steadily into a village and then into a city.

Three years after the close of the Revolutionary war the
state of Massachusetts obtained by a compromise decision
of arbitrators the right of title and ownership (subject to

8 History op Police Department

whatever rights the Indians might be supposed to have) of
all that part of the state of New York lying west of a
meridian line drawn through Seneca lake, while relinquishing
to New York all claim to the sovereignty and jurisdiction
over the territory. Two years later the New England
commonwealth sold to Oliver Phelps and Nathaniel Gorham
all of that land, comprising some six million acres, for one

Francis Dana
Captain of the Night Watch, 1835 and /8j/

million dollars, conditioned upon the extinguishment of the
Indian title ; in other words, those men bought the right of
pre-emption from the original owners. The new proprietors
went promptly to work and in successive negotiations
purchased the land as far as the Genesee river. Beyond that
they could no further go ; the red men refused to sell, until
Oliver Phelps, by sharp practice that amounted almost to
chicanery, induced them to give up on the west side of the
river a strip of land twelve miles wide by twenty-four miles

Rochester, New York

long, beginning about at Avon and running north to Lake
Ontario. It was claimed by Phelps that all of that magnificent
domain was only the proper amount of territory for a mill-seat,
which the natives had agreed to let him have on condition
that he would erect near the falls a saw-mill and a grist-mill,
by which their corn could be ground and the trees sawed into
logs for their cabins, in case they chose to build any. It may
be mentioned here that Phelps and Gorham prevailed upon
Massachusetts to take back all the territory west of the
Genesee with the exception of the strip just mentioned —
about four million acres, reducing the amount of the purchase
money to $100,000, on the plea that the consolidated securities
of the state, in which payment was to be made, had enhanced
in value fourfold ; that they sold to Robert Morris, the
financier of the Revolution, half of the land that they had
bought for more than they paid for the whole, and that
Massachusetts finally sold to Morris the portion west of here
that had been taken back.

Phelps kept his promise to the natives by turning the
contract over to Ebenezer Allan — commonly called "Indian
Allan " because, though of white blood on both sides of the
parental house, he always associated with the red men and
was stained with every crime commonly supposed to be
characteristic of that race. Allan was to build the mills
and to receive as compensation therefor one hundred acres of
land surrounding those structures, besides which he came
into possession, about that time, of a farm comprising five
hundred acres in what is now Scottsville, though the whole
would constitute but a small fraction of the expanse of nearly
two hundred thousand acres which the Indians had relinquished
as a location for a mill-yard. In the summer of 1789 the
saw-mill was raised, the grist-mill going up in the following
November, and they were the first buildings of any kind
erected in what is now Rochester. Their ancient site is now
bounded by Aqueduct, Graves and Race streets and the
aqueduct itself. After Allan had occupied the mills for a
year or two he turned the care of them over to his sister and
her husband, Christopher Dugan, who remained there but a
short time, so that when Aaron Burr passed through the

History of Police Department

country in 1795, to look at the high falls, there was not a
resident anywhere in the neighborhood. The buildings did
not, however, go to decay, but were repaired and again
occupied, so that when John Maude, an Englishman, passed

George Bradshaw
Captain of 'the Night Watch, 1844 and 1853

through here in 1800, he found Col. Josiah Fish in charge as
the miller ; but, as that person had no facilities for entertaining
guests, Mr. Maude had to go down to King's Landing, afterward
called Hanford's Landing, three miles north, to get a meal.
The saw-mill was swept away by a freshet in 1803 and the
grist-mill was burned down four years later.

CHAPTER II

The Settlement of Rochester

The One-Hundred-Acre Tract — Its Purchase by
Rochester, Fitzhugh and Carroll — Efforts to
Start Elsewhere — Naming of the Future City
— The First Dwelling Erected — Fourth of
July Celebrated — Town Constables of Gates.

The One-Hundred-Acre tract, then known as the Genesee
Falls mill lot, which is now the center of Rochester, extended
from a point on the river about four hundred feet south of
Court street (or near the foot of the Erie railroad train shed)
due west to a point near the corner of Spring street and
Caledonia avenue, thence north to a point a little northwest
of the corner of Center and Frank streets, thence due east to
the river, striking it just north of where the foot of Market
street extended would be. It passed from Indian Allan
through different hands until it became a part of the Pulteney
estate, from which it was purchased by three Maryland
proprietors for the price of $17.50 an acre. These three
men — Col. Nathaniel Rochester, Col. William Fitzhugh and
Major Charles Carroll — came up here on horseback from
their southern homes in 1800, looking for desirable abiding-
places in the new country for themselves and their families.
Passing up through the Genesee valley, where they made
extensive purchases of land in the neighborhood of the
present villages of Dansville, Geueseo and Mt. Morris, they
finally reached the falls and probably made up their minds
at that time to obtain possession of the One-Hundred-Acre
tract. Most histories have stated that they bought it in 1802,
but that is not correct, though they may have made a verbal
agreement in that year with Robert Troup, the agent of the
Pulteney estate, who resided in New York city. The contract

History of Police Department

was signed November 8, 1803, the payment of the purchase
money was made in annual installments, and the title was
passed from Sir William Pulteney November 18, 1811, the
first lot being sold two days later.

While that tract was waiting for its tardy development,
spasmodic efforts were made to start a settlement in its
immediate vicinity. Some time about 1797 a man named

w. D. Oviatt
Chief of Police, 1837

Farewell built a cabin on Lake avenue, near the present
State Industrial school, though he soon abandoned it, and in
1798 or 1799 Jeremiah Olmstead came here from the east
and occupied it as a permanent settler, raising the first crop
of grain within the present limits of the city. In 1807
Charles Harford, an Englishman, built a block-house on
State street, near the corner of Lyell avenue, and in the
following year he erected a grist-mill just south of the falls,
so that for a few years he did the grinding for all this region

Rochester, New York 13

Those structures, together with a few shanties that were put
up in the neighborhood, caused that locality to be known as
Falls Town, while the name Castle Town or Castleton, in
honor of Col. Isaac Castle, who resided there, was given to a
collection of houses, dwellings, a tavern and at least one
store situated at the Rapids at the foot of the present Brooks
avenue. Each of these places considered that its chances of
becoming the metropolis of this region was far better than
that of the desolate and unwholesome section with no name
and no human inhabitants, and so did the little settlement of
Brighton, on the east bank of the river ; and so did Tryon
Town, at the head of Irondequoit bay ; and so, at a later
date, did Carthage. But the visions faded away, and the
despised mill lot became the head of the corner.

It was not till 1810 that Col. Rochester moved up here
from Hagerstown, the procession, for such it was, embracing
his whole family, many of them on horseback, wife, five
sons, five daughters, ten slaves, with two carriages and three
wagons containing household goods. Even then he did not
locate here, the dreariness of the spot being too repulsive for
that, but halted at Dansville, where he lived five years, then
moved to a farm in East Bloomfield, and finally settled down
here in 1821, dying ten years later in the house that he built
at the corner of South Washington and Spring streets. But
for some time he came here every few weeks, laying out the
lots himself, with a quarter of an acre to each lot ; and, as he
did all the work, his fellow-proprietors — who still remained
in Maryland and who, when they did move north a few years
later, settled in Livingston county and never here — insisted
that the future city, if city there ever was to be, should bear
his name. That was in 1811 ; the appellation was accepted,
and it never departed except with an official though not
popular modification for a few years.

In 1812 the first house was built in the new place, a log
cabin, put up — on the present site of the Powers block — by
Henry Skinner for Hamlet Scrantom, who with his family
moved into it on its completion in May of that year, so that
may be said to be the beginning of Rochester. Edwin
Scrantom, a son of the original settler, was a little boy at the

'4

History of Police Department

time, but in his life of more than sixty years after that he
amused himself and benefited his fellow citizens by recording
in voluminous diaries and in numerous articles written for
the press, his vivid recollectious of that initial period, even
in that first year of occupancy, when his father's family, alone
by itself, celebrated in a modest way and in front of the
cabin the Fourth of July.

Mathew G. Warner
Chief of Police , i860

From another source it is learned that there was another
celebration on the same day, just across the river in Brighton
where, upon the brow of the hill near the corner of Main
and St. Paul streets, an arbor of boughs was raised, under
whose shelter a feast was spread, different persons contributing
the various materials, one a lamb, another bread, another a
pig, another vegetables, another pies, another a bottle of
whiskey. The partakers of this luxurious banquet included
every man, woman and child in the settlement, together with

Rochester New York

some passing travelers, and altogether they mustered about
twenty persons. The whole affair seems to have been under
the auspices of Enos Stone, the pioneer settler of Brighton,
who the year before that had had a memorable fight with a
bear that kept robbing his corn-field, and finally chased up to
the very door-steps the dog that at first kept her at bay. So
Mr. Stone had to turn out at two o'clock in the morning,
accompanied by a boy and a rusty gun. The bear climbed
up a tree and sat on a limb ; a fire was kindled underneath,
and the bear fell to the ground. Then ensued a struggle
between man, boy and gun on one side and bear on the
other, in which no one was hurt ; then the animal climbed
another tree, and the same performance was gone through
four times more. Then some more ammunition was obtained
from a neighbor, and finally the bear was. brought down from
the last tree by a shot that disabled her, though even after
she fell her courageous disposition caused her to fight on her
haunches for some time before she was killed. So it seems
that one side of the river was not much better than the other
for a quiet life, though travelers generally, expended their
energy in denouncing the " God-forsaken mud-hole " on the
west side that had nothing but mosquitoes and rattlesnakes
and fever and ague.

True, the mosquitoes, with their long, sharp bills, flew
in clouds to the torment of humanity ; venomous rattlesnakes
wriggled out of every hole in the earth and made it unsafe
till long afterward for people to sleep on the ground floor,
lest they should be awakened by the intrusion of a strange
bedfellow ; the fever burned up the sufferer until the alternate
ague cooled him off, and the mud in the springtime was so
deep that the roads' were impassable except at the risk of
drowning. But the spot must have had its attractions, for in
this year the sale of lots went on rapidly, and those who
laid the foundations were reinforced by others. The first
blacksmith shop was built by James B. Carter ; the first
tailor shop was opened by Jehiel Barnard, and the first weekly
mail delivery was established between here and Canandaigua,
the mail being carried often by a woman, in saddlebags on
horseback, and the postmaster here being Abelard Reynolds,

10

History of Police Department

who for seventeen years held that position, which was not
specially lucrative, as the receipts for the first quarter, even
at the high rate of postage then prevailing, were $3.42, of
which the government received nothing.

But a much more important event than any one of these
was the completion in this year of the bridge across the river
at Main street, at an expense of $12,000, divided equally

WlIXIAM MUDGETT

Chief of Police, 1862-1863

between the two counties, which it connected, of Ontario and
Genesee. When the appropriation had been asked from the
legislature three years before that, the request had been
received with derisive shouts and the kind remark that only
muskrats would go over the bridge after it had been built ;
but finally the Albany statesmen were able to understand
that it would be well to have some means of passage for
emigrants over the new state road, who before that had to go
to Avon to find a bridge or make the hazardous crossing at

Rochester, New York 17

this point by fording the river. The laying of the structure
insured the permanence of the settlement more than anything
else could have done, and its great utility in promoting travel
was enhanced by the grant of five thousand dollars in the
following year for " cutting out the path and bridging the
streams " on the Ridge road between Rochester and Eewiston.

In 1813 Dr. Jonah Brown, the first physician, arrived ;
Miss Huldah M. Strong (afterward married to the doctor)
opened the first school, in a building a little east of the
Arcade ; the mill-race south of East Main street was opened,
the City mills were erected by Erasmus D. Smith, and the
Seneca Indians — for the last time in this neighborhood —
celebrated the pagan sacrifice of the White Dog, on a spot
near the south end of the present Livingston park.

In 1814 the British fleet of Admiral Yeo, consisting of
five large vessels of war with eight smaller ones, anchored at
the mouth of the river with the apparent intention of sending
a detachment up to Rochester. Whereupon all the male
inhabitants of this hamlet capable of bearing arms, being
thirty-three in number, together with the militia of the
neighboring towns, the whole force being under the command
of Capt. Isaac W. Stone, marched down to Charlottesburg —
as it was then called — to repel the threatened invasion, but
the affair passed off without bloodshed, as no English troops
were landed. The first school-house was built in this year,
and Mortimer F. Reynolds, the first white child born in what
was then called Rochester, came into the world on the 2d of
December.

In 1815 the first wedding occurred, that of Jehiel Barnard
and Delia Scrantom ; the first bookstore, that of Horace L,.
and George G. Sill, was opened ; the first watchmaker and
jeweler, Erastus Cook, arrived, and in December the first
census of the village was taken, showing a population of 331.

In 1816 the Rev. Comfort Williams, the first clergyman
settled in the village, was installed pastor of the Presbyterian
congregation, the society having been formed in the previous
year; Matthew and Francis Brown finished the mill canal,
eighty-four rods long, which ever since then has borne
the name of Brown's race and which provided adequate

History of Police Department

water for their mills, for the cotton factory and for other
manufacturing establishments that had been erected before
that.

During all this time there were — so far as any mention
can be found, or any allusion, direct or indirect — no guardians
of the public peace, no one with power to make arrests, unless
it were some subordinate county officers ; certainly no one

Samuel M. Sherman
Chief of Police, 1855 and 1865 to /8/j

who could act in the name of what was practically the village.
And yet it would seem that there must have been persons
with some such powers, the forerunners of the present police
department, if for no other purpose than to keep watch over
the Indians, who were located in their wigwams near the
high falls, under their chief, Hot Bread, and who, none too
abstemious in their best estate, were roused by liquor to a
dangerous pitch on the days when they received the bounty
for wolves' scalps at the office of John Mastick, the first

Rochester, New York

19

lawyer, who settled here about that time. In the earl)'
part of the year Solomon Close, Pelatiah West, Jonathan
Parish and Hope Davis were chosen constables at an election
held in the town of Gates ; but that covered a large extent
of territory, and there is no reason to suppose that their
jurisdiction was particularly applicable to Rochester. Perhaps
that authority was exercised by deputy sheriffs ; but no
reference can be found to any action on the part of those
officials other than that of chasing luckless debtors, as the

Alexander McLean
Chief of Police, 1873 to 1885

law of imprisonment for debt was then in force. The debtor,
when he perceived that the officer was after him, generally
started at the top of his speed for the bridge, and if he could
reach the center of that before the deputy he would stop and
laugh merrily, for the sheriff could have no jurisdiction in
Ontario county. While there were no policemen there were
no village authorities of any kind, and the need of a governing
body came to be indispensable. So, on the 21st of March,
1 817, the legislature passed an act incorporating the village of
Rochesterville, a most foolish appellation, the responsibility
for which no one was ever willing to acknowledge.

CHAPTER III

Rochester a Village

The Village Charter — The First Board of Trustees
Other Officers Elected — The Street Patrol —
The Night Watch — Birth of the Police De-
partment — Formation of Monroe County — The
First Court-House — The First Jail.

The act of incorporation, which of course became the
charter of the new village, contained nineteen sections, the
first of which described the boundaries. The second provided
for holding the annual meetings of the freeholders and
inhabitants of the village qualified to vote for members of
Assembly, at which five trustees were to be chosen. The
remaining sections, except the last one — which declares that
" this act shall be, and the same is hereby declared to be, a
public act, and shall be construed in all courts of justice
within this state benignly and liberally to effect every
beneficial purpose therein mentioned and contained " — are
devoted to a differentiation between the powers of the trustees
and those of the villagers themselves ; and the reluctance of
the legislature to take away the authority from the people,
even to give it to those officers whom they themselves had
chosen, is herein plainly shown. The trustees were, to be
sure, empowered to make laws, to regulate public markets,
streets and highways, to pass ordinances relative to " taverns,
gin shops and huckster shops " and to the village watch and
lighting the streets of the village (which is the. matter that
touches us most nearly) ; to, provide against fires, to impose
reasonable, fines and penalties, which should not, however,
exceed twenty-five dollars for any one offense ; and to do
many other things.

But back of them were the villagers, and it was with
them, not with the trustees, that the real authority rested

Rochester, New York

By a singular contradiction of terms, the freeholders and
inhabitants were "ordained, constituted and declared to be,
from time to time and forever hereafter, a body corporate and
politic, in fact and in name, by the name of ' the trustees of
Rochesterville.'" It was they, and not the five elected
trustees, who had the power, at their annual meetings, to
levy taxes — which should never exceed one thousand dollars
in one year ; to make all the appropriations, however small,
even for the most necessary expenses, and to elect the other
village officers — the assessors, the treasurer, the collector, the
pound-keeper, the fire wardens and the constable. The duties
of the last-named official are not specified — except to say
that they are to be the same as those of the constables chosen
at the annual town meetings of the town of Gates — but it is
probable that he, and possible that the trustees, had the power"
to make arrests, and would be expected to do so in the daytime,
when the members of the night watch were snug in their
beds.

The people got promptly to work with the organisation
of the village, for the first meeting of the freeholders and
inhabitants was held on the 5th of May, at the school-house,
the following-named persons being elected officers : Trustees,
Daniel Mack, William Cobb, Everard Peck, Francis Brown
(afterward chosen president of the board) and Jehiel Barnard ;
assessors, Isaac Colvin, Hastings R. Bender, Daniel D. Hatch;
treasurer, Roswell Hart ; collector and constable, Ralph Lester ;
fire wardens, Roswell Hart, Willis Kempshall, John G. Bond,
Abner Wakelee and Francis Brown. At the next meeting,
held a month later, the trustees were authorised to raise by
tax the sum of $350, for the purpose of defraying the expenses
of the corporation for stationery, of procuring fire hooks and
ladders and taking "such other precautionary measures to
guard against the destructive ravages of fire in said village as
shall be expedient, regard being had to the situation of the
village and the circumstances of the inhabitants at this
time," and of cutting two ditches (the precursors of our
modern sewers) to drain the swamp lands near private
residences. At the meeting of May 13, 1818, the annual
tax levy was raised to the enormous sum of one thousand

History of Police Department

1

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Rochester Police Department, 1865

Rochester, New York 23

dollars, and the trustees were instructed to procure a good
fire engine out of that money.

So it seems that for the first two years and more the
freeholders of the village gave little thought to their protection
from any enemy but fire and fever. If they could ward off
the one and keep the other within reasonable subjection they
were safe enoiigh. Hot Bread and his dusky followers had
not "folded their tents like the Arabs," but had simply
knocked over their wigwams and then all departed toward
the setting sun ; what white drunkards or thieves there were
left could easily be handled without gloves or without clubs,
and the preservation of the public peace could well be left to
the lone constable who was annually elected. It is true that
during 1818 Matthew Brown, Roswell Hart, William P.
Sherman, Daniel Mack and H. R. Bender were appointed as
street patrol, but, as they were all business men and most of
them held other offices than this, it is reasonable to suppose
that their duties in this regard were only nominal. It finally
dawned upon the inhabitants that it might be well to have
some additional guardians, and then they remembered that
their charter had alluded to something of that kind. At a
meeting held December 28, 1819, it was voted "that the sum
of eighty dollars be raised by tax to defray the expense of
maintaining a village night watch, which had been appointed
on the 10th inst, and to be continued so long as the said
money raised will admit." That fixes the date of the birth
of the police department of the city of Rochester, for that
night watch was the predecessor of the patrolmen of to-day,
and between the two there is an unbroken line of succession.
Who that original night watch was may never be known ;
his name, unfortunately, is lost in oblivion, for it does not
appear in the manuscript records of these meetings, the
volume of which, extending over all the time that this place
was a village, lies now before the writer. That there was
only one such person, not only at first but for some time
afterward, and that his employment was intermittent, is
shown by the fact that, although in the following year the
tax to be raised for that purpose was increased to one hundred
dollars, in the year after that it was lowered to the original

History of Police Department

amount of eighty dollars, " to support a night watch for so
long a time, now commencing, as a faithful man can be hired
for that sum."

In 1820, beginning with September 21, Hon. Roger
Skinner held a session of the United States district court
here, which was the first court of record held in the village.

Henry S. Hbbard
Police Commissioner, 1865 to 1873

The population in that year, according to the United States
census, was 1,502.

The year of 1821 was a memorable one in the history of
Rochester, not because of any particular legislation regarding
the little place, or any extraordinary events that occurred
here then, but because Monroe county was erected in that
year. That meant that the village was thereafter to be a
county seat, with new buildings to be erected more stately

Rochester, New York 2,

than had been seen here before, with a host of officers to be
elected, to receive salaries and expend them ; that the place
was to have facilities for transacting business far greater than
had been possessed previously ; that its inhabitants were to
be spared the costly and laborious journey to Canandaigua
to attend court, record a deed or pay county taxes ; that
Rochester was to assume its, rightful position and be
subordinate to no other municipality ; that it was to rise,
not sink, another Rome and not another Carthage. All these
things were keenly felt by the inhabitants long before that,
and would have absorbed even more attention than they did
if the people had not been so much interested those years in
another matter — that of the location of the Erie canal ; for
there was much danger that another course would be taken,
somewhat south of here. So mass meetings were held
continually, petitions circulated extensively and handbills
scattered broadcast, until the route was settled, as it has
remained since then.

But, even while that great question was agitating all
minds, strenuous efforts were made to have the new county
formed. Even as early as 1816 a fund of nearly seven
thousand dollars was raised to effect that result ; but when
Col. Rochester and Matthew Brown went down to Albany, in
1817, and presented the matter to the legislature they could
accomplish nothing. Another failure two years later ; then
more mass meetings, followed by a convention of delegates
from all the towns concerned, held at Ensworth's tavern, as
it was then called, which was built by Dr. Azel Ensworth
the year before that, on the corner of Main and State streets,
run by him for a year or two and then turned over to his
son Russell. For many years it was known by the family
name, and after that was called the Eagle Tavern and then
the Eagle Hotel till it was closed on the nth of February,
1863, shortly after which it was torn down to make way for
the Powers block. But even then the mournful tale of
defeat was repeated, and it was not till 1821 that the
committee succeeded in their efforts and that the bill creating
a new county out of parts of Ontario and Genesee counties,
and naming it after James Monroe — then president of the

History of Police Department

United States — became a law on the 23d day of February.
The successful opposition to this perfectly just and necessary
measure had been made principally by some influential people
of Canandaigua, who saw clearly that the unnatural supremacy
of their little village would be taken away from it, and their
obstructive schemes were well executed by John C. Spencer,
afterward eminent as a jurist, who was then a member of

Jacob Howe, Sr.
Police Commissioner, 1865 to 1&67

Assembly from Ontario county, and who was aided in his
dubious work by Samuel M. Hopkins, a member from
Genesee county, who perceived that the little village of
Batavia must likewise lose much of its prestige

The first thing to be clone here after that was the erection
of the county building — or court-house, as it was invariably
called, from the fact that the court-room filled the whole of
the second storey, while the basement was occupied by the
clerk's office, and afterward the police office also, the first

Rochester, New York 37

floor being taken up by the jury room and the supervisors'
room, the latter being also occupied by the Common Council
after the city was incorporated. Rochester, Fitzhugh and
Carroll gave the land (166 feet on Main street by 264 feet on
Fitzhugh), which is still used for the same purpose, and the
corner stone was laid on the 4th of September, 1821, the
building being completed a year later at a cost of $6,715.66.
Only the older inhabitants can remember that first court-
house. It is to please them, as well as to give information
to the younger generation, that a description, given in the
directory of 1827, * s subjoined :

"The natural declivity of the ground is reduced to two
platforms — the first on the level of Buffalo street, forming a
neat yard in front of the building, which recedes seventy-five
feet from the true line of the street, the other raised about
six feet above the former and divided from it by the building
itself and two wing walls of uniform appearance, presenting,
toward Buffalo street, the aspect of an elevated terrace, but
on a level with the streets immediately adjoining. This last,
together with the yard of the First Presbyterian church, now
comprehended within the same inclosure, forms a small square,
laid out in grass plots and gravel walks, and needs only the
further attention of the citizens, in planting it with shade
trees and shrubbery, to render it a very pleasant and valuable
accommodation as a public walk. This is now known by the
name of Court square. The court-house building is fifty-four
feet long, forty-four feet wide and forty high. It presents
two fronts, the one facing Court square, showing two storeys
and a base, the other toward Buffalo street, two storeys and a
full basement. Each front is finished with a projecting
portico, thirty feet long and ten feet wide, supported by four
Ionic columns surmounted by a regular entablature and
balustrade, which returns and continues along the whole
front. From the center of the building arises an octagonal
belfry, covered with a cupola. The basement affords con-
venient offices for county and village purposes. The court-
room is in the second storey, extending the entire length and
breadth of the building, and is a remarkably well lighted and
airy apartment."

As a supplement to this long account, it may not be out
of place to recall to the recollection of the older readers of
this volume two one-storey structures that were erected on the
front corners of the plaza a few years after the court-house

History of Police Department

was built. They were like two little Grecian temples (devoted
to the worship of iEsculapius and Themis), of the Doric
order of architecture, with porch and pillars and pediment
all complete. The one on the Fitzhugh street corner was
constructed by Drs. Elwood and Coleman, who used it as
their office for some time, until it became a public building,
occupied by the county clerk until the erection of the second
court-house, when it was removed. The other classical

George G. Cooper
Police Commissioner, 1867 to 1877

edifice, on the corner of Irving place, was raised by Vincent
and Selah Mathews and used for a long time as their law
offices. The county subsequently obtained possession of a
portion of it for the surrogate, who occupied it till 1850, but
it was not then, like its companion, torn down, but reverted
to its original purpose as a private law office, and was suffered
to remain until the Civil war time, when it was so much
in the way of the recruiting tents that were scattered
all about that it was at last removed. It had become an
anachronism, it was wholly out of place, but it was an ancient
landmark, and everyone was sorry to see it obliterated.

Rochester, New York

Of course the jail was erected in the same year, for what
would be the use of having a county if they didn't have a
county jail ? Of what was done before that with persons who
from the vintage of the country became too merry or too
ugly or too helpless, to say nothing of more serious offenders
and of real criminals, no record whatever can be found ; they
must have been confined somewhere, but where no one will
ever know. It is impossible to give anything like a description

No

Photo by J. W.Taylor FREDERICK ZlMMER

Police Commissioner, 1873 to 1884

that first place of involuntary detention. It stood on
rth Fitzhugh street, then called Hughes street, on the
present site of the German United Evangelical St. Paul's
church. It contained two tiers of cells, divided by a hall
through the center, and was inclosed with a high and
formidable stone wall. It was situated in the rear of a
commodious brick house, occupied by the jailer's family, and
the two structures together cost the county $3,674.71.
Having been used for its intended purpose for eleven years,
it was, after the erection of the jail on the Island, occupied for
a long time as a recruiting station for the United States army.

CHAPTER IV

Crime in Rochester

The First Burglary — The Evil of Intemperance —
The First Homicide — Name oe the Village
Changed — Part of Brighton Annexed to Roch-
ester — The Tread-Mill Advocated — Attempted
Jail Delivery — A Singular Forgery — Increase
of Power of the Trustees — The Morgan Ab-
duction.

Turn we now to the darker side of life, to a search for
the earliest recorded crime in Rochester. This is to be found
in the Telegraph of August 21, 182 1, which contains a brief
account of a burglary that had taken place a week before
that in the store of Hart & Saxton, which was located on
the spot where the Elwood block now stands. The clerks,
who were sleeping in an adjoining room — after the custom of
those times — were awakened by the noise made in attempting
to break open the cash drawer, whereupon the thieves departed
without taking with them any of the articles which they had
removed from the shelves and piled on the counter. No
mention is made of any arrests or any attempt to track the
housebreakers.

Intemperance was recognised as a prominent evil in
early days, for the grand jury in their presentment to the
court of General Sessions of the Peace for Monroe county,
in 1821, condemned the increase of grog shops and of grocery
stores in which liquor was sold, denounced the great want of
fairness and honesty in the executive officers of the county
and particularly the constables, and declared that a great
dereliction of duty existed on the part of the justices of the
peace. Passing counterfeit money seems to have been another
prevalent failing at that time ; but the western country was

Rochester, New York 31

then so flooded with spurious bills that the frequent arrests
did little good, for the holder of the defective notes was as
often an innocent victim as an intentional wrong-doer.

On the 27th of October, 1821, five of the state prisoners
at work on the aqueduct of the Erie canal availed themselves
of the moment when all were retreating from a blast that was
about to be discharged, to make their escape. The services of
the village guardians were not, however, called into requisition
in pursuit of the fugitives, for the newspaper account of the
affair says that they were chased by the guard — evidently a
body of men employed by the state — and four were retaken
after one of them had been wounded by a bayonet thrust.
While the officers were pursuing the fifth absconder the
injured man was left alone, whereupon he naturally seized
the opportunity and fled away.

It would rather seem, though it is not certain, that in
1822 the number of the night watch must have been increased
from one to a plurality, because the freeholders in that year
voted to raise a tax of two hundred dollars to support that
body. Raphael Beach was elected collector and constable,
having held that double office for the previous year (following
therein George G. Sill and Charles Millard), and was re-elected
four times afterward. Solomon Close was, at the annual town
meeting held in Gates, elected constable and collector, which
probably gave him no jurisdiction in Rochester, although the
village was in that town. On the 12th of April the name of
the corporation was changed by legislative enactment from
Rochesterville to Rochester, an alteration that was necessary
only to make law conform to custom, as the longer title
had never been used except in official documents or legal
papers.* The first homicide in Monroe county, so far as
known, which did not take place in Rochester but in the
town of Gates outside of the village, occurred in July of
this year, when a man named Nichols, after a quarrel with
Squire Hill, struck the latter'on the head, inflicting a wound

*It is worthy of mention that of the very few misstatements in the
directory of 1827 is one to the effect that the name was changed in 1819,
and that error has been reproduced a thousand times An examination of
the session laws shows that no act relating in any. way to Rochester was
passed in that year.

History of Police Department

from which he died a few days later. Nichols was lodged in
the county jail, but he escaped, was retaken and then got
away again. He was probably not recaptured the second
time, for no record of his trial can be found. The fourth
village census was taken in September, showing that the
population had nearly doubled in two years, the number
given as permanent residents being 2,700, besides 430 laborers
on the public works.

Henry C. Daniels ,

Police Commissioner, 1877 to 1880 - !

Following the chronological system of narration, the
record for 1823 will comprise only the following items :
Addison Gardiner, afterward so distinguished as a judge was
appointed a justice of the peace? by. Governor Yates. On the
10th of April the legislature passed an act annexing to
Rochester a part of the town of Brighton, thereby makine-
the village extend on both sides of the river. On the 2 ?d f
April the body of a man with his throat cut was found by

Rochester, New York

K

the side of the Ridge road, in the town of Parma ; no trace
of the murderer was ever found. Toward the close of the
year the inhabitants voted a tax of one hundred and sixty
dollars " for supporting a village night watch during the
winter."

Opinions seemed to differ as to the average moral character
of the community, for the Rochester Telegraph of February
10, 1824, after making the somewhat extreme statement that
" probably no place in the Union of the size of Rochester is
so much infested with the dregs and outcasts of society as
this village," mentions the fact that a meeting had been held
during the previous week at which a committee was appointed
to draft a petition to the legislature for the passage of a law
to erect a tread-mill — or " stepping-mill," as it was called.
The newspaper applauds the scheme, as providing something
like an adequate punishment for minor offenders and as likely
to prove such a terror to peripatetic criminals that they would
stay away from this region. Whether such an act was ever
introduced in the legislature is not known ; it was certainly
never enacted into a law. Public sentiment against this
form of torture has since that time steadily progressed, but
the degrading punishment lingered long in some of the
English prisons, where it has only lately come to an end,
being finally abolished in 1902.

One is somewhat perplexed in reading the presentment
of the grand jury at the March term in that year of the
Circuit court and court of Oyer and Terminer, in which it
speaks twice of " the village police " and both times in most
uncomplimentary terms. The word must have been used in
an academic sense, to denote the whole intangible system of
public protection and preservation of the peace — or possibly
the entire village government — for there were no police, in
our sense of the word, and the term " policeman " was not
applied to any person till many years afterward. There may
have been some persons who gave their services as volunteer
guardians during the daytime, though they had no official
standing, for their names do not appear on any records. The
number of night watch could not have been materially
increased, for from this time on no specific mention is made

3

34

History of Police Department

of any appropriation for their support. On the evening of
July 31 of that year a desperate attempt at escape was
made by the prisoners confined in the jail. The plot was
carefully formed, but, as often happens in such cases, its very
elaborateness caused its undoing, and the sheriff, John T.
Patterson, received information in some way of the projected
enterprise. The noise in the corridor about ten o'clock made

Photo by J, W. Taylor

Jacob Howe, Jr.
Police Commissioner, 1880 to 1S84

it evident that the prisoners had got out of their cells and
were preparing for their final exit. At that moment the
sheriff opened the door, armed with pistols and accompanied
by a few citizens whom he had called upon for assistance.
The lights were thereupon blown out by the prisoners, several
of whom made a rush to seize Mr. Patterson, who fired his
pistol, though without effect, owing to the darkness. A
conflict ensued between the two parties, in which iron bars

Rochester, New York 35

and hickory clubs were used as the weapons, and the struggle
ceased not until most of the prisoners, as well as several of
the citizens, were considerably injured. That ended the riot
and the undertaking. In the October circuit John H. Ribby
was convicted of manslaughter in killing his wife, under
circumstances of unusual brutality and was sentenced by
Judge William B. Rochester to state prison for fourteen years.
Morally it was murder, but, as the woman lived for a week
after the husband had beaten and kicked her, he got off with
the sentence of a few years for manslaughter.

What seems the undue lenity of the sentence in this
case was offset by the severity of that imposed on Samuel
Jones at the court of Oyer and Terminer held in the following
April, Judge Walworth, of Saratoga county, presiding. The
prisoner, who was charged with forgery, was convicted and
sentenced to state prison for life. He was defended by Messrs.
Lee, Marvin and Dickson, while Messrs. Chapin and Hosmer
assisted the district-attorney, Vincent Matthews, in the
prosecution. The story of a crime so heinous as to warrant
the penalty of exclusion forever from the sunlight may as
well be told in the words of one of the village weeklies of
that time :

" The trial disclosed as bold, and for a time as successful,
a piece of villainy as can be found in the annals of forgery.
In the year 1814 Jones came from Massachusetts to reside in
this vicinity. Being poor, he engaged as a hired laborer. In
the family where he resided he made accidental discovery of
the tenure of title by which one thousand acres of valuable
land in Brighton was held, and conceived the project of
possessing himself of this land by forging a chain of titles
from the original grantor to his father. He was ignorant and
illiterate, but the resources of his mind were considerable.
By a train of operations he had so far effected his purpose
that in the year 1821 he commenced an ejectment suit to
dispossess one of the settlers of this tract. While this suit
was pending he went to Ohio, and, with the aid of accomplices
there, manufactured a deed for the thousand acres, bearing
the date of 1790. This deed was presented at the Circuit
court held at Rochester by Judge Piatt, and was so fully
supported by perjured witnesses that it prevailed. Jones
recovered and turned out of possession the honest purchaser

36

History of Police Department

and occupant of two hundred acres, being a part of the tract.
He then, by other suits and negotiations, obtained possession
of the whole premises comprised in the forged deed, which
he occupied for more than a year. But here providence
interposed to disclose his villainy. By great perseverance
and exertions the facts were, one by one, brought to light.
The trial, which began with about sixty witnesses attending
on behalf of the people, who were collected from three or

Photo bu J. W. Taylor

James D. Casey

Police Commissioner, 1884 to 1899

And Commissioner of Public Safety, 1900-1901

four different states, occupied less than two days, and the
verdict was speedily rendered."

How different would be the result of such an affair in
these times ! After repeated delays and postponements and
motions and stays and appeals and new trials, the culprit, if
he really had to undergo any punishment at all beyond the
payment of extortionate counsel fees, would get off with a
few years of imprisonment, certainly not enough to prevent

Rochester, New York 37

his returning home before his younger children had finished

their education. Have we grown more tender-hearted, or is

it that we are more indifferent to the perpetration of crime ?

One census was not enough for 1825 ; the village

authorities took the enumeration in February, making the

population 4,274, and the state officials did it again in August,

making the number 5,273. Perhaps it was that increase of

nearly twenty-five per cent, in six months that made the

people of the little settlement ambitious to have their village

become a city. It may seem a ridiculous aspiration in these

days of gigantic municipalities, but the scheme was widely

agitated during the fall though it was finally abandoned in

favor of the proposition to amend the charter by granting

increased powers to the board of trustees. It will be

remembered how restricted those were by the terms of the

act of incorporation, and it is no wonder that the trustees

chafed under their limitations. So the new charter was

prepared to obviate that difficulty; and also dividing the

village into five wards, the first three on the west side of the

river, the fourth and fifth on the east, in what had been

Brighton ; in that shape the act passed the legislature in the

following year.

The year of 1826 was memorable in criminal annals as
that in which the abduction of Morgan took place. William
Morgan was a man of rather low character and of intemperate
habits, a printer by trade, who had previously lived in
Rochester but had wandered off and settled in Batavia.
While here he had been admitted into the order of Free
Masonry, but he never advanced to any high degree in the
fraternity and indeed was not in good standing. From some
cause he conceived a hatred against the order and declared
his intention of publishing a book revealing its secrets.
After it was known that the book was really being put in
type, efforts were made to suppress it, but threats and offered
bribes were of no avail, for Morgan's stubborn nature refused
to let him yield after he had gone so far. A series of petty
persecutions then began, and he was repeatedly put in jail
for small debts. Finally he was taken from his home in
Batavia, on a charge of petty larceny in that he had borrowed

38 History of Police Department

a shirt from a landlord in Canandaigua and had not returned
it, and was carried off to the latter village to be tried. There
the charge was dismissed, but he was immediately re-arrested
for a debt of two dollars, which he admitted, and was lodged
in jail. That was on the nth of September, and, so far
as is known, he was never seen again as a free man. On the
following night, several men came to the jail, paid the debt
and the costs and took Morgan away with them in a carriage,

Joseph W. Rosenthal,
Police Commissioner, 1884 to r888

in spite of the struggles of the prisoner, who received no
assistance, as the jailer was absent and the business was
transacted with the wife of that official. Morgan's wife
became alarmed over his prolonged absence from home, and
her individual excitement soon spread among her neighbors
and thence all over the state. Indictments were soon found
for abduction, against four residents of Canandaigua, two of
whom, at least, were prominent citizens, and, when they came
to trial, although a formidable array of counsel, consisting of
John C. Spencer, Mark H. Sibley, Walter Hubbell and H. F.

Rochester, New York 39

Penfield, appeared to defend them, three of them pleaded
guilty and were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment,
one of them, the person who had actually paid the fine,
getting two years in the county jail. A Morgan committee
was formed, through whose efforts the route taken by the
carriage or other vehicles containing the prisoner was traced,
stage by stage, from Canandaigua through this city down to
the Ridge road and thence west to Lewiston, where, as was
alleged, he was taken across the Niagara river to Canada.
Governor De Witt Clinton made every effort to have him
traced further, but was unsuccessful. The excitement
increased rather than diminished during the next three
years, during which time a great number of indictments,
most of them for abduction, were found in five different
counties of the state, against sheriffs, deputy sheriffs and
others, and some convictions were obtained, though in most
cases the jury disagreed. As to Morgan's fate, nothing was
ever positively known, but the circumstantial evidence elicited
seemed to warrant the belief that, after being kept for some
time in an old magazine in Fort Niagara, he was put into a
boat, rowed out into the river and drowned. No one now
believes, or has believed for more than half a century, that
the Masonic body, as such, had anything to do with the
affair or was cognisant of even the first steps taken, but in that
unhappy time the widespread indignation was indiscriminating
against the whole order, so that in 1829 a ^ the Masonic
bodies in Rochester and the surrounding country terminated
their existence by surrendering their charters to the grand
lodge. Some fourteen years later, the excitement having
passed away, the lodges resumed their charters and the
fraternity became stronger in this community than ever
before.

CHAPTER V

The Growth of the Village

Ordinances of the Board of Trustees — Morality
Strictly Maintained — Village Constables —
Basil Hall's "Travels in North America" —
His Description of Rochester — Phenomenal
Activity of the Village — Sam Patch's Leap to
Death — Sabbatarian Agitation — The Second
Jail Built.

The increase of authority in the hands of the trustees
seems to have worked advantageously, for the directory of
1827 takes occasion, under the heading "The Police," to
remark: "The powers of the board of trustees are believed
to comprehend everything necessary to secure and enforce
neatness, regularity, good order, and safety by night and by
day, within the precincts of the corporation, and efficiently to
restrain whatever may be offensive, or detrimental to decency,
good morals or religion." To attain these various desirable
ends, the board adopted a number of ordinances, of which the
following may be mentioned : No person was to keep above
twelve pounds of gunpowder in any house within the village,
nor even that quantity except in close canisters, under a
penalty of twenty dollars ; a fine of ten dollars was imposed for
constructing insecure chimneys to any house or manufactory,
or for failing to obey the directions of fire wardens in things
relating to security against fire or for failing to keep fireplaces
in good repair so as to be safe, the same amount being levied
on each of the firemen for each neglect of duty at a conflagra-
tion ; while five dollars had to. be paid for every violation of
the rules that each house should have a scuttle in the roof
and stairs to the same, that fire buckets should be kept in
each house, that fireplaces should be cleaned every three

Rochester, New York

4'

months, that no candle or fire should be kept or carried in an
exposed manner in any livery stable, that no person should
burn shavings, chips or straw within fifty feet of any building,
that all bell-ringers were bound to ring on an alarm of fire,
that the inhabitants must obey the orders of the chief engineer
and fire wardens at fires, and that no one but those officials
must give any orders at such times.

Photo by J. W. Taylor

Jacob A. Hoekstra
Police Commissioner, 1888 to 1895

The foregoing shows that the dread of fire continued to
be dominant with the trustees, but at the same time they had
their eyes open to the interest of "good morals or religion,"
as shown by the fact that, while shows of all kinds were
prohibited unless special license were obtained,- the penalty
being ten dollars, theatrical representations were absolutely
forbidden, as being a thing accursed, so that for transgressing
that ordinance a principal or manager had to pay, or would

4^

History of Police Department

have had to pay, twenty-five dollars for each offense, subordi-
nate actors a smaller sum, and circus riders were equally
under the ban; no nine-pin alley could be kept, under a
penalty of five dollars a day, while the sanctity of the Sabbath
was preserved by the provision that masters of canal boats
should pay two dollars if they suffered any horn or bugle to
be blown on that day, and grocers had to pay ten dollars if

Charles C. Chapin
Police Commissioner, 1896 to 1899

they sold liquors or served customers at that- time. The
neatness and good order mentioned above were maintained
by appropriate requirements, such as one compelling house-
keepers to sweep and clean the sidewalks opposite their
dwellings every Saturday from the first day of April to the
first of November.

The little directory gives the names of the officers of the
corporation at that time, among them those of Raphael Beach
as collector and constable and Stephen Symonds as constable.

Rochester, New York 43

A careful search among the list of inhabitants shows that
each of these two persons is designated as a " village constable,"
while the occupation of seven others — namely, Butler Bard-
well, Stephen B. Bartlett, Alexander Kenyou, Mitchell Loder,
Aaron Newton, Nelson Thompson and Jesse Newton — is
given as that of "constable." This would seem to indicate,
though perhaps not with certainty, that the seven were
simply court attendants, with no duties outside the halls of
justice, the maintenance of order and the power of making
arrests, during the daytime, being left entirely with Beach
and Symonds. A little later in the year Stephen Symonds
and Robert H. Stevens were elected constables, in 1828
Alonzo Bull and Orville Crane, in 1829 Adonijah Green and
Aaron Newton, in 1830 Cornelius Campbell and Henry M.
Hubbard, in 1831 Seth Simmons and Truman Jackson, in
1832 Cornelius Campbell and Seth Simmons, and in 1833
Abraham W. Sedgwick and Marcus Moses. That was the
end of the village constables.

We have seen what was said about Rochester by its own
inhabitants, both those who praised it without discrimination
and those who were severe in their strictures, perhaps like
some fond parents who find fault with their children in order
to hear them commended by others. Let us now see what
impression was produced on the mind of a foreign visitor at
this time, a man of unusual powers of observation and of
more than ordinary skill in narration, Capt. Basil Hall, a
distinguished officer of the British navy, but who is far less
known for his achievements in that profession than for his
description of his travels in North America. Perhaps the
extract may seem rather long, and the criticism may be made
that it is not relevant to the theme of this book, but I shall
offer no apologies to my readers, for I think that they will not
only be pleased by the style of the narrative, but will perceive,
on reflection, that the story shows clearly the orderly activity
of the place and indicates that there was no need of any large
police force where there were so many busy workers, so few
mischievous idlers. Capt. Hall says :

"On the 25th of June we drove across the country [from
Canandaigua] to the village of Rochester, which is built on

44

History of Police Department

the banks of the Genesee river, just above some beautiful
waterfalls. The Erie canal passes through the heart of this
singular village and strides across the river on a noble
aqueduct of stone. Rochester is celebrated all over the Union
as presenting one of the most striking instances of rapid
increase in size and population of which that country affords
any example. The chief source of its commercial and
agricultural prosperity is the canal, as the village is made the

B. Frank Enos
Police Clerk, i8yi to i8p8

emporium of the rich agricultural districts bordering on the
Genesee river. In proportion as the soil is brought into
cultivation, or subdued, to use the local phrase, the consumers
will become more numerous and their means more extensive.
Thus the demands of the surrounding country must go on
augmenting rapidly, and, along with them, both the imports
and the exports of every kind will increase in proportion.
Out of more than 8,000 souls in this gigantic young village,
there was not to be found in 1827 a single grown-up person
born there, the oldest native not being then seventeen years
of age." *

*He may refer to Mary, daughter of Isaac W. Stone, and afterward wife
of John F. Bush, who was born August 16, 1811, on St. Paul street, in what
was then Brighton, though it had become a part of Rochester before Basil
Hall was here.

Rochester, New York

45

After giving some extracts of statistics from the valuable
directory of that year, to which reference has been made more
than once, the captain goes on :

" We strolled through the village under the guidance of '
a most obliging and intelligent friend, a native of this part
of the country. Everything in this bustling place appeared
to be in motion. The very streets seemed to be starting up
of their own accord, ready made and looking as fresh and new

James G. Cutler
Commissioner of Public Safety, /poo

as if they had been turned out of the workmen's hands but an
.hour before, or that a great boxful of new houses had been
sent by steam from New York and tumbled out on the half-
cleared land. The canal banks were at some places still
unturfed ; the lime seemed hardly dry in the masonry of the
aqueduct, in the bridges and in the numberless great sawmills
and manufactories. In many of these buildings the people
were at work below stairs, while at top the carpenters were
busy nailing on the planks of the roof. Some dwellings were
half painted, while the foundations of others, within five

4

History of Police Department

yards' distance, were only beginning. I cannot say how
many churches, court-houses, jails and hotels I counted, all
in motion, creeping upward. Several streets were nearly
finished, but had not as yet received their names, and many
others were in the reverse predicament, being named but not
commenced, their local habitation being merely signified by
lines of stakes. Here and there we saw great warehouses,
without window sashes, but half filled with goods and furnished
with hoisting cranes, ready to fish up the huge pyramids of
flour barrels, bales and boxes lying in the streets. In the
center of the town the spire of a Presbyterian church rose to
a great height, and on each side of the supporting tower was

Early Police Officers

to be seen the dial-plate of a clock, of which the machinery,
in the hurry-skurry, had been left in New York. I need not
say that these half-finished, whole-finished and embryo streets
were crowded with people, carts, stages, cattle, pigs, far beyond
the reach of numbers, and as all these were lifting up their
voices together, in keeping with the clatter of hammers, the
ringing of axes and the creaking of machinery, there was a
fine concert, I assure you.

"But it struck us that the interest of the town, for it
seems idle to call it a village, was subordinate to that of the
suburbs. A few years ago the whole of that part of the
country was covered with a dark, silent forest, and, even as it
was, we could not proceed a mile in any direction except that
of the high road, without coming full-butt against the woods
of time immemorial. After we had gone about a mile from
town the forest thickened, we lost sight of every trace of a

Rochester, New York 47

human dwelling or of human interference with nature in any
shape. We stood considering what we should do next, when
the loud crash of a falling tree met our ears. Our friendly
guide was quite glad, he said, to have this opportunity of
exhibiting the very first step in the process of town-making.
After a zigzag scramble amongst trees which had been allowed
to grow and decay for century after century, we came to a
spot where three or four men were employed in clearing out
a street, as they declared, though anything more unlike a
street could not well be conceived. Nevertheless, the ground
in question certainly formed part of the plan of the town. It
had been chalked out by the. surveyors' stakes, and some
speculators, having taken up the lots for immediate building,
of course found it necessary to open a street through the
woods, to afford a line of communication with the rest of the
village. As fast as the trees were cut down they were stripped
of their branches and drawn off by oxen, sawed into planks
or otherwise fashioned to the purposes of building, without
one moment's delay. There was little or no exaggeration,
therefore, in supposing, with our friend, that the same fir
which might be waving about in full life and vigor in the
morning should be cut down, dragged into daylight, squared,
framed, and before night be hoisted up to make a beam or
rafter to some tavern or factory or store, at the corner of a
street which twenty-four hours before had existed only on
paper, and yet which might be completed, from end to end,
within a week afterward."

A little later they encountered a gentleman of pleasing
address who had been hunting and had quite a supply of
game hanging at his saddle-bow. After a few moments of
agreeable conversation the sportsman rode on, and the guide
gave the information that he was the dancing master of the
village, whereupon, our author remarks: "After laughing a
little, I don't well know why, I acknowledged myself well
pleased to have witnessed so undeniable a symptom of refine-
ment peeping out amongst the rugged manners of the forest.
At first sight it would seem that, where people are so intensely
busy, their habits must almost necessarily, according to all
analogy, partake in some degree of the unpolished nature of
their occupations, and, consequently, they must be more or
less insensible to the value of such refinements. I was,
therefore, glad to see so good a proof, as far as it went, of my

History of Police Department

being in error." Very true, but it seems a little strange that
the trustees, who suppressed so rigidly all dramatic entertain-
ments, should have tolerated the practice of so frivolous a
profession.*

For the next three years but little can be found to be
noticed in the domain of crime and folly, except that the
increase in habits of intoxication caused the first public

P. H. SUIXIVAN

Captain, i8ji to 1882

temperance meeting to be held here in 1828; Sam Patch
took his own life, though not intentionally, in 1829, ^Y
jumping over the falls in the presence of an immense throng,

* Capt. Hall carried with him during his travels in this country a camera
lucida, an invention that had been recently perfected by Dr. Wollaston, and
with the aid of this ingenious mechanism he made as many as forty etchings
that were afterward reproduced and published in a separate volume. That
book, of which a limited number of copies were issued, has become extremely
valuable on account of its rarity. A copy owned by a friend of the present
writer has been kindly loaned for the purpose of reproducing a picture which
is called "the village of Rochester" and which shows the first court-house,
with the Presbyterian church in the rear and adjacent stores in the fore-
ground. It will be found opposite the title-page of this volume.

Rochester, New York 49

and in 1830 Joseph Smith, the founder of a creed that has
not tended to the betterment of the world, tried unsuccessfully
to get Thurlow Weed to publish the Mormon Bible, from
plates which he professed to have dug up near Palmyra in
the early part of that year.

A spasm of morality seemed to come over the western
part of the state about this time, the most feverish manifesta-
tion of it being in Rochester, where the orthodox people had
long been scandalised by the passage of canal boats on the
Sabbath. The trustees had silenced the music of the
melodious bugle on that day, but with that their power
ended, further progress must be made by moral pressure, and
so popular meetings were held at which the iniquity of
traveling on Sunday, whether by boat or by stage coach, was
denounced in violent terms ; those who continued to do so
were roundly abused, a kind of religious boycott was put in
force and finally a string of stages, the Pioneer line, was
established, which was to run only on week-days, the expense
of which, about sixty thousand dollars, was shared mainly by
Aristarchus Champion, Josiah Bissell and A. W. Riley and
was almost a total loss, for the line was a failure, though it
was productive of an improvement in the comfort of public
vehicles. The other side was equally vehement and embraced
men equally prominent with the would-be reformers. On
January 14, 1831, a large meeting of "the friends of liberal
principles and equal rights" was held to protest against
proposed Sabbatarian laws and against the religious test used
in courts of justice. Whatever may be thought of the struggle
over the main question, one action of this meeting will
commend itself to all. After passing a resolution calling
upon the legislature to abolish imprisonment for debt, as
being odious, unjust and a relic of barbarism, those present
took up a collection to discharge the financial obligations of
the persons then imprisoned on that account, the money was
paid over to the deputy jailer that evening, the jail doors
were opened and all the debtors were released.

The doors were opened for all, though not to the
enlargement of the inmates, a year later, for the second jail
was completed in 1832, having been begun in the previous

4

50 History of Police Department

year. It cost $13,412.56, including $1,250.19 for the lot,
from which may be deducted $2,600 that was realised from
the sale of the old structure on Fitzhugh street. This second
jail stood on the artificial island formed by the river and the
bend of the Fitzhugh and Carroll race, on the site now
occupied by the train-shed of the Erie railroad station, south
of Court street. The building was one hundred feet long by
forty feet wide, built entirely of stone and so close to the

Charles McCormick
Captain, 1&S5 to iSgs

river that the waters washed its eastern foundation wall. In
the main prison, which was sixty by forty feet, was a block
of forty cells in two tiers, each cell being four feet wide, eight
feet long and seven feet high, while above them was a room
of the whole area of the prison, which at a later period was
fitted up with cells of a larger size. The jailer's dwelling,
which formed a part of the edifice, was forty feet square and
three storeys high, the third floor being divided into seven
rooms intended for debtors, for women and for men charged
with minor offenses. The last-named class were commonly

Rochester, New York 51

employed in making furniture, in weaving, tailoring and
shoemaking. Henry O'Reilly, in his "Sketches of Rochester
and Western New York," published in 1838, says:

"During last summer the men under sentence were
employed in breaking stone in the yard ; the lowest number
thus employed at any one time was fifteen and the highest
thirty-eight; the average number of prisoners in the whole
jail for the year ending October 4, 1837, was about fifty.
Edwin Avery, the late jailer, kept in the yard a man and a
boy to assist in governing the prisoners engaged in outdoor
work. All the prisoners inside were managed solely by
himself. It gives us great pleasure to bear testimony to the
exemplary manner in which he discharged his duties, not
merely as a public officer but as a humane citizen. He
deserves much credit for meliorating the condition of the
prisoners by inducing them to labor voluntarily in various
useful ways and for endeavoring to promote the education of
boys and other prisoners who could conveniently be taught
in the upper part of the building. We doubt not that the
present jailer, Ephraim Gilbert, will continue efforts so
happily begun for improving the condition of the vicious or
unfortunate who may be thrown in his charge. In considering
the number of prisoners it should be borne in mind that the
county from which they are collected is exceeded in size by
only four counties in the state."

This second jail stood for more than half a century, and
during the latter period of its existence it became a disgrace
to the county, from the neglect of the board of supervisors to
keep it in decent repair or to build a new one. Escape from
it became more and more easy, especially in the summer
weather, when the river bed was dry and the fugitives could
walk across it after letting themselves down from the
windows; in fact, it became easier to get out of jail than
to get into it.

CHAPTER VI

Rochester a City

The First Officers of the Municipality — The New
Charter — The City Marshal — Organisation of
the Watchmen — Location of Police Office and
Lock-up — The Question of Licenses — Friction
between the Mayor and the Common Council —
Resignation of Mayor Child.

By 1834 Rochester had grown large enough and rich
enough to entitle it to incorporation as a city. Its population,
according to the directory of that year, was 12,252, its trade
and commerce were continually increasing and its supremacy
of influence was recognised throughout the western portion
of the state. So the legislature passed the desired law on the
28th of April, and on the 2d of June the freeholders and
inhabitants held their last village meeting, electing five
aldermen, with as many assistants, five assessors and five
constables. The other officers were chosen by the Common
Council a week later, completing, as follows, the list of the
first officers of the new municipality: Mayor, Jonathan
Child; recorder, Isaac Hills; aldermen — first ward, Lewis
Brooks; assistant, John Jones; second ward, Thomas Kemp-
shall ; assistant, Elijah F. Smith ; third ward, Frederick F.
Backus; assistant, Jacob Thorn; fourth ward, Ashbel W.
Riley ; assistant, Lansing B. Swan ; fifth ward, Jacob Graves ;
assistant, Henry Kennedy; clerk of the Common Council,
John C. Nash ; attorney and counsellor, Vincent Matthews ;
marshal, Ephraim Gilbert; treasurer, Elihu F. Marshall;
superintendent, Samuel Works; chief engineer of the fire
department, William H. Ward; assistants, Theodore Chapin
and Kilian H. Van Rensselaer ; fire wardens — first ward, John
Haywood and Abelard Reynolds; second ward, John Jones

Rochester, New York

5?

and Willis Kempshall; third ward, Erasmus D. Smith and
Thomas H. Rochester; fourth ward, Nehemiah Osburn and
Obadiah N. Bush ; fifth ward, Daniel Graves and Bill Colby ;
assessors, John Haywood, Ephraim Gilbert, Daniel Loomis,
Horatio N. Curtis and Orrin E. Gibbs ; justices of the peace,
Thomas H. Dunning, Samuel Miller and Nathaniel Draper;
police justice, Sidney Smith ; street inspectors, Harmon Taylor,
Silas Ball, Eleazar Tillotson, John Coulter and John Gifford ;

WmiiM Keith
Captain, 1885 to 1894.

school inspectors, G. H. Mumford, E. S. Marsh, Moses Chapin,
Joseph Edgell and Samuel Tuttle ; constables, Cornelius
Fielding, Joseph Putnam, Isaac Weston, Sluman W. Harris
and Philander Davis; overseers of the poor, William G.
Russell and William C. Smith ; sealer of weights and measures,
E. A. Miller; sexton of West burying-ground, Z. Norton.

It may be well to give a synopsis of those provisions of
the new charter that were applicable to our department. The
compactly inhabited part of the city was constituted the

54

History of Police Department

"lamp and watch district," the limits of which were to be
prescribed annually by the Common Council, and a separate
column was to be provided in the assessment rolls for the tax
to be imposed upon the real estate within that district, and
upon the personal property of all persons living therein, "to
defray the expense of lighting the city and compensating
watchmen and for the prevention and extinguishment of
fires," it being carefully provided that the sum " to be appro-

tafiifiBiiiii

Old Center Market, on Front Street
The Police Headquarters and the Police Court were in the north wing

priated to the lighting of the city and for the support of a
night watch" should not exceed $1500. As might be
expected, the most elaborate provisions were made against the
dreaded igneous enemy, the powers delegated to the council
for this purpose being almost unlimited and so minutely
expressed as to constitute practically a code of fire ordinances
in themselves. Nothing was said about the number of
watchmen to be appointed, that being evidently left to the
council, but the discretion was not very wide considering
the amount of compensation to which they were confined.
Five constables were to be elected by the people, one from
each ward, who were to give satisfactory bonds for their

Rochester, New York 55

proper delivery of such money as they might collect. The
title of city marshal is a high-sounding one and in New
England the office carries with it much dignity and power,
but here the person filling it seems to have been only a sort
of head constable, serving warrants issued by the city treasurer
against delinquent collectors and also executing processes
from the mayor's court. The office came to an end in 1850.

With the creation of the city, some slight changes took
place in our department, though the members of it were not
for twenty years more to be known as policemen. We have
seen that there was a night watch ever since 1819, the power
of arrest during the daytime resting with the constables and
with the trustees of the village. One might suppose that
with the assumption of city life it would have been thought
a matter of becoming dignity, if not a measure of safety, to
have a day watch as well as the band of nocturnal guardians,
if, indeed, there were more than one of them at that time.
But there is no evidence that such was the case. At the
meeting of the Common Council on July 17, 1834, the board,
on motion of Ass't-Alderman Swan, appointed Newton Rose,
Edwin Avery and William Wilbur as city watchmen, with
the first-named as captain of the watch. The captain was
empowered to procure three hats suitable for the use of the
watchmen, and the watch were ordered, by vote of the board,
to patrol the watch district of the city from ten o'clock at
night to the succeeding daylight. So that all the transforma-
tion that occurred consisted in the recognition as city officials
of those who — or their predecessors — had been merely paid
employees, besides which they were now to be equipped with
head-covering at the expense of the government.

At the same meeting of the council the city attorney
was directed to draw an ordinance relating to watchmen,
regulating their powers and duties, and the lamp and watch
committee was directed to report a suitable section of the city
for the location of a watch-house. This would seem to
indicate that up to that time the jail, perhaps both the first
and the second one, had been used for the nightly housing of
all offenders, of those who were too much intoxicated to get
home as well as those who had committed some serious

56

History of Police Department

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Rochester, New York

57

crime, for certainly they must all have been locked up some-
where. The committee having reported, at the next meeting,
in favor of the southwest corner of the basement of the
court-house, that apartment was at once fitted up with the
requisite number of cells, and for the next sixteen years all
those who passed by on the much-frequented thoroughfare of
South Fitzhugh street were saddened by the constant sight of
the gratings and oftentimes by that of the vicious or mournful
countenances behind the bars. It may be as well, even at
the risk of some repetition, to note, in this place, the various
changes of location both of the lock-up, or police cells, and of
the police court room, which was also in the basement of the
court-house until that structure was torn down in 1850 to
make way for the new county building. The watch-house
was then removed to an old stone structure on the southwest
corner of West Main (then Buffalo) and Sophia streets, while
the police court was taken across the street, to the present
site of the Powers Hotel. It was not long, however, before
both were transferred to the north wing of the old city
market, on Front street, which up to that time had been used
as an armory for the Union Grays and other militia companies.
The cells were located in the basement, with the court-room
above, and there both of them remained till 1873, when the
ancient edifice was demolished, to make way for a new city
building, in which both instrumentalities of municipal justice
took up their location in 1874, having spent the intervening
year on North Water street, near Mortimer. The stay in the
new quarters was equally short-lived, for in 1875 they were
moved into the new city hall, then just completed, where they
remained till the erection of the central police station on
Exchange street in 1895.

Mayor Child would, in the ordinary course of events,
have held office for a year and a half, the term after that
being one year, it being the object of the charter-makers to
have the beginning and end of the mayor's incumbency six
months distant from those of the Common Council. All
went smoothly enough for the first year, though there was a
little friction over the granting of licenses by the council,
which at that time acted as a board of excise. Mr. Child,

5 8

History of Police Department

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Rochester, New York 5q

who was one of the noblest of our citizens, was a strong
temperance man, even perhaps an extremist, but he yielded
to the will of the board, which was inclined to be careful and
discriminating. But when a new council, which was elected
in June of the following year, showed a disposition to open
the doors a good deal wider, he felt that the situation had
become intolerable to him. He therefore sent in a message
in which he stated that the former board, although opposed
to licensing in general, had given four licenses to grocers to
sell ardent spirits because they supposed that a gradual reform
on their part would meet the general sentiment better than a
plenary refusal ; that on that occasion he had sacrificed his
judgment to the desires of the majority, but that as an
individual, both then and since, he had constantly objected
to that measure and to every approach to it in the issuing of
grocers' licenses. He then mentioned the fact that the new
board had granted numerous licenses, and continued :

" It becomes incumbent on me, in my official character,
to sanction and sign these papers. I do not, gentlemen,
impugn in any respect, directly or impliedly, your motives
or judgment in acceding to these and similar applications,
but I am constrained to act in accordance with my own
solemn convictions of moral duty. When I find myself so
situated in my official station as to be obliged either to violate
these high obligations or to stand in opposition to the declared
wishes of a large majority of the board, and through them of
their constituents, my valued friends and fellow-citizens, I
dare not retain the public station which exposes me to this
unhappy dilemma. Under- these circumstances, it seems to
me equally the claim of moral duty and self-respect, of a
consistent regard to my former associates, of just deference to
the present board, and of submission to the supposed will of
the people, that I should no longer retain the responsible
situation with which I have been honored. I therefore now
most respectfully resign into your hands the office of mayor
of the city of Rochester."

A committee consisting of Aldermen Matthew Brown,
H. I/. Stevens and Isaac R. Elwood, to which the matter was
referred, presented a long report justifying the action of the
board and arguing against the wisdom of the action of the
mayor. The resignation was then accepted, apparently with-

6o

History of Police Department

out opposition, if not without regret, and the recorder, Isaac
Hills, was authorised to sign licenses till a new mayor could
be elected, which was done a week later, General Jacob Gould
being chosen to fill the vacancy. There was no more trouble
over the licenses.

The morals of the community in other respects seem to
have been looked after by the council during 1835, judging

Monrob County Jaii,

(" Blue Eagle" )
Built in /8j2, torn down in 18&5

from a resolution adopted on the 4th of August, requesting
the police justice to communicate the reasons which induced
him to discharge, without examination or trial, one Edwin
Roe, who was arrested on a charge of gambling on a roulette
table; the answer of the justice must have been flippant or
evasive, because two weeks later it was declared unsatisfactory
and he was required to make the report as requested ; this he
seems to have done, for at a subsequent meeting he was
exonerated from all censure.

CHAPTER VII

The Night Watch

A Quiet City under Mayor Gould — Capt. Dana's
Watch Book — Arrests Made by the Night
Watch — Regulations for their Guidance —
Their Duties — Lighting the Lamps — The Cry
of the Watch — The Constables — Evolution
of the Police Force

Throughout the summer of 1835 the night watchmen
were Francis Dana, captain (who died in 1872, at the age of
seventy-five), William Wilbur and Jonathan Horton. The
number was augmented by four in December, when Asa B.
Hall, Calvin Cleveland, Charles Hudson and Addy W. Van
Slyck were added to the list. In January, 1836, there seems
to have been a still further increase, for, besides the foregoing,
the names of Leonard M. Barton, Cornelius Campbell, Thomas
Watson, Bartholomew Dodds, William Van Slyck, Robert A.
Hall, Russell W. Goodrich, Matthew Lefnngwell and Joseph
Harris appear on the records of the council as entitled to
compensation for services at that time. The reason for this
enlargement of the force, almost putting the establishment
on a war footing, does not appear. It certainly could not
have been owing to any recent disturbances, for General
Gould, who had been re-elected mayor, said in his address on
retiring from office at the close of the year : " Our city has
been remarkably distinguished for peace and good order,
and happily delivered from the fire that devours the property
and from the pestilence that destroys the lives of our citizens.
During the period of my office, nearly two years, I wish it to
be remembered, as a most extraordinary and to me most
gratifying fact, that with a population averaging 16,000 I
have never been called upon to interfere, nor has there ever

02

History of Police Department

been occasion to do so, for the suppression of riot, mob,
tumult or even an ordinary case of assault. This fact speaks
a most gratifying eulogy for our civil and religious institutions
and for the intelligence and morality of the community in
which we live." This was probably in allusion to riots that
had occurred in several other cities of the northern states on
various exciting subjects, principally that of abolition, which
had just begun to stir the minds of the people.

Murderers' Row
The present site of Police Headquarters

The number of the watch was soon brought back to
seven, then still further reduced to five, but in the next year
it seems to have averaged nine, the names of Kelly, Green,
Montgomery, Brownell, Albro, Darrow, Van Vleck and
McKibbin appearing on the list. I have before me a little
book, intended for carrying in the pocket, kept by Francis
Dana, who was captain of the watch during 1837 as well as
1835, in which he recorded the arrests made, most of them
for intoxication, few for serious crimes, the items being such
as these: "John Whaling, found beastly drunk near number
2 engine house," " Benjamin Simmons, a boy, taken before
the police, charged with everything but honesty " — a rather
vague accusation, it would seem — " Jane Doe, with a red
face, found alone in the streets, gave no account of herself,

Rochester, New York 6}

taken before the police, charge disorderly, committed " — how
the possession of a florid countenance constitutes in itself
disorderly conduct doth not plainly appear. Sometimes the
entry, though plain in its language, would be pathetic in its
story, like this : " Fire was discovered by the watch between
ten and eleven o'clock at night, which proved to be north
of Brighton church, proved fatal to the father and child
in the flames, said house was occupied by Mr. Demarest, who
with his child of eight or nine years old lost his life."
Sometimes, too, the incident would be complicated, as in
this case: "Miss Cuthbert, found at Mr. David Little's
boarding-house on State street, said Little's house was set on
fire in two different places, and further Little said that some
one of the inmates of his house had lost one silver dollar,
said money was found in the possession of Miss C. Cuthbert
in her bead bag, put in watch house before police, charged
arson, committed." Why the retention of a coin in the
recesses of her bead bag should afford presumptive evidence
that she had set a house on fire, taxes the imagination.

A set of ordinances or regulations was adopted by the
Common Council, of which the following may prove of
interest : " The city watch, or either of them, are hereby
authorised to enter any disorderly or gaming house, and any
dwelling-house, grocery or other building where they may
have good reason to believe any felon is harbored or secreted,
and where any person is who has during the night, and in
their presence or hearing, committed any breach of the peace,
or where any noise or alarm, outcry or disturbance shall be
made, in like manner as constables and other peace officers
are authorised by law, and not otherwise. In case of any
riot or disorderly assembling of persons, the city watch shall
have power to require the aid of any citizen in suppressing
or preventing a breach of the peace or in arresting the
offenders, and any person who shall refuse or neglect to assist
the said watch, or either of them, when so required, shall
pay a penalty of five dollars for each offense. No watchman
shall absent himself from duty during the hours prescribed
for the watch, or serve by substitute, without permission from
the mayor and Common Council, under a penalty of ten

o 4

History of Police Department

Police Headquarters

Rochester, New York 65

dollars. The watch shall wear the hats provided for them,
while on duty. The captain of the watch is required to
designate some one of the watchmen, from time to time, who
shall perform the duties of captain in his absence. The
captain of the watch and the watchmen shall, for the purpose
of preserving the peace and good government of the city,
obey all orders given for that purpose by the mayor, recorder
or either of the aldermen or assistants, or any police justice
[meaning, probably, any justice of the peace, for there was
only one police justice] , on pain of removal from office. All
persons apprehended by the watch during the cold and winter
seasons shall be kept in some safe and comfortable place,
without danger from the severity of the cold, and, as far as
practicable, the sexes shall be kept apart." This last section
would indicate that the lock-up, in the basement of the court-
house, was not kept heated during the night.

Far different from the present state of things was the
appearance of the night watch, and their duties involved some
customs that were more like those of colonial days than of
our modern life. While the lamp-posts, scattered at intervals
that would seem to us none too short, were stationary, the
lamps themselves were not. Now, the watchmen had to
light those cheerful beacons and to see that they were kept
burning sufficiently to make the darkness visible, so at ten
o'clock on moonless nights the whole force would start out,
each man with a string of oil lamps on his arm, and place
those shining luminaries on the proper posts, and then in the
morning he would have to gather them in and take them
back to the watch-house, where they were stored away till
the next evening. The officers were expected to call out the
hour while patrolling their respective districts, accompanying
the temporal announcement with remarks about the weather
— " Twelve o'clock and all's well," or " Two o'clock and a
starry night," all of which might be comforting to the sleeper
who was awakened, but when it came to such tidings as these,
" Three o'clock and a frosty morning " or " Four o'clock ; it
snows and it blows," the listener would turn over in bed and
address himself again to sleep, with the conviction that he
was better off where he was.

5

History of Police Department

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One of the oldest veterans on the force, now retired, says
that Capt. Dana had five constables, one from each ward, to
assist him, but I think there may be some mistake about that.
The directory of 1838, which is the nearest in date to that
time, being one year after Dana's incumbency, gives, in the
list of city officers, the name of Benjamin F. Hall as captain
of the watch and then, after naming the justices of the peace
for that year (Edward Barnard, John C. Chumasero, Richard
Temple, J. B. Clarke and E. B. Wheeler) it gives the names
of five constables — Cornelius Fielding, Isaac Weston, William
H. Crowell, John Dart and Munn Morgan. The inference is
that those constables were simply attendants at the offices of
the civil justices, each one in his own ward, for their names
would hardly have appeared as city officers if they had been
only watchmen's assistants, the more especially as the names
of the watchmen themselves are not given at all, and, besides
that, they must have had enough to do during the daytime
without patrolling or prowling around the city at night.
There were undoubtedly other constables in that year, who
were attached to the higher courts, but they were county
officers and their names do not appear in the volume.

While we are about it, let us look at a few of the succeeding
directories, to see if they will throw any light on the subject.
That for 1841, which is the next one to be published, has the
name of Rodney Dyman as captain of the watchmen and then
follow the names of the watchmen — James Stutson, Isaac
Finch, William H. Crowell, Franklin Worcester and Patrick
Killip — which is the first time that the nightly guardians
appear in any list of city officers or indeed appear in print at
all, so far as is known. It will be observed that the force has
been slightly reduced in number. . The justices of the peace
are absent, but the five constables are given by wards —
Timothy Dunn, Willard Putnam, Enos Patten, Russell W.
Goodrich, Jacob Wilkinson.

Then occurs a gap of three years, for the next directory
was published in 1844. In it Ariel Wentworth is police
justice, George Bradshaw captain of the watch ; the watchmen
are Willis D. Raymond, Aaron J. Williams, Leonard M. Barton,
Anthony Enoe and Oliver Albro ; the constables are C.

History of Police Department

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Rochester, New York 69

Fielding, Benj. B. Leap, A. Kingsbury, John Dart and T. S.
Hall.

The next directory is that for 1845-6, so called, a most
idiotic title, for it was issued, as the date of the preface shows,
in August of the first-named year and yet it assumes to cover
the whole ground for the next year and a half, though it was
well known that a new set of officials would be elected in the
meantime, to say nothing of all the inhabitants who would
die or become of age or change their residence. In the list
of public officers of the city we find, under the heading of
" Watchmen," the following : Alexander Richardson, captain ;
Andrew Yawman, first district ; Philander Hoyt, second ;
John R. Haid, third ; William Westcott, fourth ; Robert
Vinn, fifth ; John Kingsbury and Abner H. Huntley, extra
watchmen. Then, after an interval of other officers, comes
the heading " Police," as though the watchmen, named above,
were not police at all, and under this title we find Ariel
Wentworth, police justice; Seth Simmons, high constable;
Jacob Wilkinson, police constable ; James Tripp, special
police constable for Mt. Hope. Then come the justices of
the peace, nine in all, for the number of wards had been
increased by four in that year — Edward Barnard, William T.
Cushman, Nathaniel Clark, Addison Moors, Butler Bardwell,
William B. Alexander, William G. Russell, Perley Munger
and David M. Braman — and then the constables — Ira G.
Leonard, Edward McGarry, Andrew Kingsbury, Benjamin
McFarlin and Theodore S. Hall.

A distinction is made in the directory of 1847 between
the city officers appointed by the Common Council and those
elected by the people. In the former list, under the caption
" Police," are Ariel Wentworth, police justice ; John Dart,
high constable ; William Charles, Jacob Wilkinson and
John Kingsbury, jr., police constables ; under the heading
" Watchmen " are' William H. Moore, captain ; Henry N.
Alexander, first district ; James Harrison, second ; William
H. Crowell, third ; John Jenkiuson, fourth ; Isaac Stalker,
fifth. In the second list are the justices of the peace — the
same as above given, except that John Jones takes the place
of Cushman, and W. B. Williams that of Braman — and the

7°

History of Police Department

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Rochester, New York 71

constables, Ira G. Leonard, Josiah Montgomery, Addy W.
Van Slyck, William E. Goodrich and George Bradshaw.

The directory of 1849-50 makes the same discrimination.
The police, who are appointed, consist of the police justice,
Samuel W. D. Moore ; the high constable, Seth Simmons ;
and five police constables — Robert K. Dothridge, first district ;
Alexander Richardson, second ; Ducien B. King, third ;
Russell W. Goodrich, fourth ; George Bradshaw, fifth. Then
come the watchmen — James Murray captain, the others being
Jeremiah Tracy, George Albro, Adam M. Brownell, John
Howes and Dennis Ragan. Among those elected are the
nine civil justices, James S. Tryon taking the place of Barnard
in the first district, Delos Wentworth that of Moors in the
fourth, M. L. Aldrich sitting for the seventh, Elijah Penniman
for the eighth and E. B. Chumasero for the ninth. The
constables are Henry N. Alexander, Johnson C. Springstead,
A. W. Van Slyck, W. C. Goodrich and Elisha J. Keeney. It
is difficult to understand the status of the so-called " police
constables," what were their powers, what their duties, under
whose orders they served, but it seems reasonable to suppose
that they were simply our modern policemen in embryo, day
patrolmen, as opposed to the watchmen, who must always be
understood to be night policemen, unless the term is so
qualified as to indicate otherwise.

This supposition is not, however, borne out, neither is it
exactly contradicted, by the directory of 1851-2, which gives,
among appointed officers, the names of Isaac Douglass as high
constable, followed by the names of John Blossom and Araunah
Foster as constables ; then, under the title " Police," the
names of S. W. D. Moore as police justice, of Isaac Douglass,
again, as high constable, and of Jairus K. Dudley, Van Slyck,
Kingsbury, Skinner and Bradshaw as constables ; then, under
the heading " Watchmen," Leonard M. Barton, captain of the
watch, Michael Hyland, Joseph Walster, James Buckley, John
Williams and Robert Montgomery. In the elected list the
constables are given as Isaac Douglass (for the third time)
and the five named above, as though they had been both
elected and appointed, which is not probable. The term
" police constable " does not appear in either list in the
volume.

CHAPTER VIII

The First Murder

The Slaying ok William Lyman — Excitement in
the Community — Trial of Octavius Barron —
His Conviction and Execution — Austin Squires
Kills his Wife, and Pays the Penalty — Trial
of Dr. Hardenbrook for the Murder of Thos.
Nott — The Rochester Knockings — Riot at Cor-
inthian Hall

The year 1837 will always be memorable as that in
which the first murder was committed in Rochester, not
merely after it became incorporated, but at any time within
its confines. In the early morning of the 24th of October the
body of William Eyman, a respected citizen, was found in an
open lot between St. Paul and North Clinton streets, near his
house, which was on the latter street, a little north of
Franklin. The excitement in the city was intense, not only
on that day but for long afterward, and it would be but little
exaggeration to say that the gloom hung like a pall over the
whole community during the following winter. A reward of
a thousand dollars was offered for the apprehension of the
murderer, but the course of justice did not need this stimulus.
When the news of the discovery spread, a little boy remem-
bered that about nine o'clock on the previous evening, being
in that vicinity, he had heard footsteps near by, and looking
in the direction of the noise he had seen a flash, followed by
the report of a pistol, and by the flash he saw three men
standing at the place mentioned, one of whom had a glazed
cap. That gave the clue, as it was known that such a cap
was commonly worn by a young man of French extraction,
named Octavius Barron. A watch was set upon him and he
was seen to go to the Tonawanda railroad station, at the

Rochester, New York

73

Hon. Adolph J. Rodenbeck
Mayor

74

History of Police Department

George A. Gilman
Commissioner oj Public Safety

Rochester, New York 75

corner of West Main and Elizabeth streets, with the apparent
purpose of. getting out of the city, then to turn into a wood
yard and hide something between two piles of lumber. The
package was found to be 'his handkerchief, with his name,
and it contained a wallet known to belong to the murdered
man, which had in it several hundred dollars in bank bills.
Barron soon came back to the spot and was at once arrested,
two companions of his, Bennett and Fluett, who were known
to have been with him on the previous evening, being taken
into custody a little later.

Mr. Lyman had his office in a small building that stood
on the southeast corner of East Main and South Water streets,
which was the starting-point of the Rochester and Carthage
railway, a road in which the cars were drawn by horses to
the top of the river bank at Carthage, where the cars with
the passengers in them were lowered by cars containing
counter-weights of stone, to the plateau below, which was
then the head of ship navigation from the lake up the river.
Horace Hooker & Co., who had extensive warehouses at that
point, held the lease of the railroad. Lyman was in their
employ, both in the wheat-buying and in the railroad, of
which he was practically the treasurer. Two days before
that Mr. Hooker had sent to him from Hartford nearly five
thousand dollars in bills of the Connecticut River Banking
company, and besides that Lyman had several hundred dollars
which had been received from the railroad, all of which
money he put in his pocket on that evening, to carry home
with him. Barron, who had been watching outside of the
railroad office, which was also that of Lyman, during the
early part of the evening, and had undoubtedly seen the
disposal of the bills, followed his victim and shot him in the
back of the head, probably killing him instantly. He then
robbed the body of the wallet containing some five hundred
dollars, though he overlooked entirely a pocket-book con-
taining nearly ten times as much. Barron and Bennett were
seen at a saloon — a recess, as it was called in those days — at
a later hour in the evening, spending a part of their plunder
and in a state of great excitement, and Fluett helped to carry
the murderer's trunk to the station on the following morning:

76 History of Police Department

The trial of Barron did not take place till the following
May. Judge Dayton was the presiding justice. Abner Pratt,
as district-attorney, conducted the prosecution, but the affair
was considered of sufficient importance to call for the services
of the attorney-general, Samuel Beardsley, who made a
powerful address in closing the case. Horace Gay, E. B.
Wheeler and A. A. Bennett appeared for the defense, but

Photo by J. W. Taylor

Edward R. Foreman
Secretary to the Mayor

they were unable to prevent the return of a verdict of guilty
within an hour after the jury had retired. Barron was hanged,
in the jail on the island, on the 25th of June, his execution
being the first to take place in Monroe county. Darius
Perrin, who was the sheriff at the time, performed the work
himself, though he declined to accept the legal fee of five
hundred dollars for the task, and the board of supervisors
showed him how an act of delicacy could be repaid by one of

Rochester, NewYork

77

meanness by striking out of his bill at the next settlement
the item of one dollar and a half, which he had paid for a
new flax rope to be used on the occasion. Before that time
the universal mode of hanging, at least in this country,,
consisted in simply dropping the prisoner through a trap
door into a room or pit beneath, but in this case another
method was adopted, which can best be characterised by the
unpleasant term of the "jerk system," in which the criminal
is raised suddenly to the height of a lofty apartment and is
then dropped instantly, the fall usually resulting in breaking
the neck. This was the first usage in this country of that
method, and it is now generally practised in the United
States, though the ancient custom still prevails in England.
On the day of Barron's taking-off, the interest, both here and
in the vicinity, was so great that the militia had to be called
out to keep away from the jail the crowd of people who had
come in from the surrounding country with the vague idea
that they might gratify their curiosity by witnessing the
ghastly sight. On account of the excitement prevailing,,
which it was thought might be prejudicial to them, the trial
of Bennett and Flue'tt did not take place till after Barron's
execution, and even then it was held at Batavia. They were
acquitted, not, as is supposed, because there was any moral
doubt of their guilt, but because there was a general feeling
that one victim was enough to satisfy the demands of justice.
Even before the first murderer was tried, the awful
crime was repeated in this city, and on the same side of the
river. Austin Squires and his wife lived on the corner of
Lancaster (now Cortland) street and Monroe avenue. On the
evening of May 4, 1838, the man shot his wife dead, as she
was removing some garments from a clothes line in the rear
of their residence. He was somewhat intoxicated at the time
and was also actuated by a feeling of jealousy, over which he
had long been brooding, and besides that he was so eccentric
that many of his acquaintances considered him scarcely
responsible for his actions. All those things would certainly
have worked together for his acquittal on the ground of
insanity if his trial had taken place at the present day, but
that plea had not then been brought to its present state of

7«

History of Police Department

perfection, so he was convicted in October and hanged on the
29th of November, at the age of thirty-five. His body was
buried secretly by his relatives in a ravine off Lake avenue,
below where Bantel's stables now stand ; the grave was
carefully concealed and the place of interment was known to
but very few persons from that day to this.

For the next decade there were few crimes of sufficient
magnitude to make them worth recording in this place. In

Photo by J. W. Taylor

Charges Al,onzo Simmons
Chief Clerk, Department of Public Safety

1842 the first and only duel known to have been fought in
this vicinity came off on Pinnacle hill ; one account has it
that one of the participants was slightly injured, while another
says that both were unhurt, which latter version is more
likely to be the true one, as an unkind report was circulated
at the time that the seconds had forgotten to put in the balls
when they loaded the pistols ; the names of the parties to the
affair cannot be found in the newspapers of the day. The

Rochester, New York 79

Auburn and Rochester railroad, which was finished in the
fall of that year from this city to Canandaigua, considered
that it had some cause of grievance against the National
Hotel, which was then kept as a temperance house. In the
course of a prolonged quarrel the agent of the road tore down
the tavern sign, whereupon an indignation meeting of the
citizens was held, at which two thousand persons attended,
but the services of the police do not seem to have been called
into requisition.

There was decided need of them two years later. Joseph
Marsh came to Rochester in the spring of 1844 and started a
weekly newspaper, called The Voice of Truth, to disseminate
the new doctrines of the Second Adventists, or Millerites, as
they were then called. The idea of the speedy destruction of
the world, which was supposed to be close at hand, proved so
attractive that there were numerous converts to the faith ; a
large number of them, many in their ascension robes, gathered
at Talman's Hall on October 25, which had been foretold as
the day of the catastrophe ; a noisy rabble assembled outside
and a destructive riot seemed imminent, when the police
interfered and quelled the disturbance before it had gone too
far. A reform in the morals of the community seems to have
been quite generally demanded in 1845. Meetings of the
" Washingtonians " were held, to promote total abstinence,
and a powerful anti-gambling society was formed among the
most influential citizens, with Frederick Whittlesey as presi-
dent ; under the auspices of the association J. H. Green, " the
reformed gambler," delivered an address at the court-house on
the 24th of May. Much excitement was caused in February,
1848, by the disappearance of Porter P. Pierce, a young
woolen manufacturer ; a meeting was held at which a com-
mittee of sixty-eight prominent persons, headed by Dr. James
Webster, was appointed, to unravel the mystery, but neither
their industry nor the rewards offered accomplished anything ;
the body was afterward found in the river with marks of
violence upon it, but the assassin was never discovered.

The third murder trial took place in May, 1849, but it
ended not like the other two. Dr. John K. Hardenbrook, a
practising physician of this city, was accused of having taken

So

History of Police Department

the life, by poison, of Thomas Nott, a hardware dealer, on
the 5th of February preceding. Mr. Nott was a patient of
the doctor, and the latter was, besides, a friend of the family,
so intimate a friend, in fact, that he and his two daughters
had, since the death of his wife in October of the previous
year, resided in the residence of Mr. Nott. An attachment
seemed to spring up between him and Mrs. Nott, so great that,

Photo bij J. W. Taylor

John W. Hertei,
Book-keeper, Department of Public Safety

besides spending much of their time in the company of each
other, they occasionally went together to New York, where
they were very intimate. It was this relation that was sup-
posed to furnish the motive for the crime. Mr. Nott, who
had been ailing for some time, was suddenly seized with
violent convulsions which, after an interval of one day's
comparative relief, carried him off on the following day. Dr.
Hardenbrook only was with him when he died and shortly
afterward the doctor opened the body, for the purpose, as he

Rochester, New York

said, of ascertaining the cause of death, or, as the prosecution
claimed, in order to wash away all traces of poison. Different
stories were told by the doctor as to the disease, his first
statement being that it was epilepsy, and afterward that it
was tetanic convulsions, or lock-jaw, the latter cause being
assigned, as was alleged by the people, to account for the
peculiar symptoms that were due to the fatal administration
of strychnine. On the trial Judge Marvin presided; the
prosecution was conducted by the district-attorney, William
S. Bishop, assisted by Henry G. Wheaton, of Albany, who
had been detailed by the attorney-general t6 represent him \
the defense was maintained by Henry R. Selden, John
Thompson and Leonard Adams of this city, together with
H. K. Smith of Buffalo, who made the principal argument.
A verdict of acquittal was returned.

Everybody has heard of the "Rochester knockings," but
only a few can remember the tremendous excitement over the
matter in 1849, when those mysterious noises were first heard
here and the foundation of modern Spiritualism was laid.
Not content with private investigations as to the authenticity
of the rappings, several public meetings were held in Corin-
thian hall, at which different committees, all of them composed
of prominent citizens, were appointed, but each committee,
though composed of persons every one of whom was opposed
to the new belief, had to report, one after another, that after
the most rigorous tests, and the most searching examination
by women associates of the committees, they were utterly
unable to account for the noises that were produced by the
Fox sisters. The last of these meetings was held in Novem-
ber and the hall was crowded on the occasion, a large
proportion of the audience consisting of the baser element,
many of whom were provided with torpedoes to add to the
disturbance. On the platform were the two sisters, who
claimed to possess this occult power, and with them were the
members of the third and last committee, who had to report
that, like their predecessors, they were unable to solve the
mystery. No sooner was this statement made than the whole
hall was in an uproar. The crowd rushed in frenzy toward
the stage and in a moment more the women would have been
6

History of Police Department

PhDto by J. W. Taylor

Joseph P. Cl,eary
Chief of Police

Rochester, New York

83

badly injured, if not actually torn in pieces, when S. W. D.
Moore, a man of herculean frame, who was at that time the
police justice, sprang upon the platform. But neither his

Photo by J. W. Taylor

Michael J. Zimmerman
Captain 1st Precinct, and Acting Inspector oj the Department

official position nor his stentorian voice had any effect in
staying the onslaught, and it was not until his powerful arm,
with the assistance of some officers, had beaten back the
foremost of the mob, that the police were able to rescue the
sisters and escort them to a place of safety.

CHAPTER IX

Reformatory, Juridical, Correctional

The Western House of Refuge — The Second Court-
house — Laying its Corner-Stone — Murder Triae
of Maurice Antonio — Conviction and Execution
Monroe County Penitentiary — Home for Idee
and Truant Children.

On the nth of August, 1849, an institution was formally
opened which from that day to this has been of the greatest
benefit to this community and to all this part of the state, not
only in providing a place of detention for young criminals
but in offering a means for their reformation after they had
entered upon a career of vice and had been in the hands
of the police. It was called at first the Western House of
Refuge, a name which it bore for twenty-five years, when it
was changed to that of the State Industrial School. Neither
title is exactly correct, and as the establishment is of a
reformatory character it would be much better if that could
be indicated in the appellation. The act of creation was
passed by the legislature May 8, 1846, $4,200 being paid for
the site of forty-two acres lying to the west of Lake avenue,
of which the state paid three thousand dollars, while the
citizens of Rochester gave twelve hundred. It took three
years to erect the building, with its encompassing stone wall,
under the supervision of the commissioners, William Pitkin,
D. C McCallum and Isaac Hills. At the outset Samuel S.
Wood was the superintendent, Dr. H. W. Dean the house
physician, H. H. Goff the teacher and Elizabeth A. Taylor
the seamstress. The house at first could furnish room for
only fifty, but, with the constant accession of new inmates
wings were built on from time to time and extensive additions
were made, so that the place can now accommodate more than

Rochester, New York 85

a thousand, all told. The main building, with its wings, is
three hundred and eighty-two feet in length, ou Backus
avenue, at the head of Phelps avenue, and just south of this,
completely separated from it by a high stone wall, is the
girls' department, erected in 1876, with a frontage of two
hundred and seventy-six feet. While the reformatory element
existed in the system even at the very first, yet the idea of
punishment was then predominant, and it is only within the
last thirty years that the relative position of the two features
has been reversed, so that no more complete change has been
wrought in any institution in the state. It has now become
a school for the training of juvenile delinquents, where more
than twenty different trades are taught, where open dormitories
have replaced the original cells and where order rules instead
of fear. But there is a general desire to carry the elevating
principle still further, and a movement is on foot — stimulated,
also, by the increasing value of the land — to abandon the old
place, give up the theory and practice of prison walls and
locate the establishment on or near the lake shore, in the
vicinity of the city but away from it. Mr. Wood was the
superintendent for nineteen years, Levi S. Fulton held the
place for a still longer term, and the present incumbent is
Franklin H. Briggs. The officers are as follows : President,
Rev. Isaac Gibbard ; vice-presidents, Thomas Raines and
Lura E. Aldridge ; secretary and treasurer, Andrew H. Boon ;
chaplains, Samuel D. Bawden and John H. O'Brien ; physician,
George E. Beilby.

It had been expected, at the time of its erection, that
the first court-house would stand for half a century, but it
endured for less than thirty years. In 1850 it was torn down,
to make way for a new building. For this the board of
supervisors had appropriated originally $25,000, but, before
the contract was given out, the Common Council decided to
unite with the county for a structure to be used in part by
the city, and the amount was raised to $61,931.95 (the city
paying $33,465.98, the county $28,465.97), which sum was
increased a few years later by $10,000, making the total cost
about $72,000. The corner-stone was laid on the 20th of
June by Mayor Richardson and the chairman of the board of

8o

History of Police Department

supervisors, and the occasion was marked by much ceremony.
At half-past ten in the morning the city and county officials,
together with the pioneers of Rochester who were then
living, met at the city clerk's office, whence they were
escorted to the rendezvous on South Clinton street, where
they were joined by the Grays, the Light Guards, the German

John C. Hayden
Director of the Detective Bureau

Grenadiers, the German Union Guards and Hibernia fire
company number i. Thence, headed by General Lansing B.
Swan, the marshal of the day, they proceeded to the historic
corner. A prayer was offered by Rev. Dr. A. G. Hall, of the
Third Presbyterian church, a short address was made by
Lyman B. Langworthy, the stone was laid, an eloquent
oration was delivered by Judge Moses Chapin and the
benediction was pronounced by Rev. Mr. Smith. It took a
year and a half to erect the building, which was opened on

Rochester, New York 87

December 2, 1851, by a session of the Supreme court. The
structure was quite a creditable one. Onondaga limestone
composed the foundation, the steps and the pavement of the
portico ; the superstructure was of brick, three storeys above
the basement ; four imposing columns of stone upheld the
roof of the portico — the original contract calling for wooden
posts and it being only through the strenuous exertions of
General Swan that stone pillars were finally substituted,
which did more than anything else to give an air of dignity
to the structure — the edifice was surmounted by a wooden
dome and that by a smaller one with a figure of Justice upon
it, the whole effect being quite pleasing. Several changes
in the location of the offices on the ground floor of the
building were made from time to time during the first
twenty-three years of its existence, the county generally
occupying the western half, until 1874, when the city hall
was erected and the county had all the room to itself.

The first important trial to be held in the new court-house
was that of Maurice Antonio, which took place in April, 1852,
for the murder of Ignacio Texeira Pinto on the 23d of
November in the preceding year. It would appear that this
crime was more deliberately planned and carried out with
more unswerving fidelity than is the case with most affairs of
the kind. Both parties were Portuguese, both residents of the
island of Madeira. Either there or in Bermuda, to which
the two families subsequently went, a plot was formed by
Antonio and the wife of Pinto, between whom illicit relations
were known to exist, to murder the husband, but not to
do it till they had all traveled to a western country, where
the deed was to be committed and then the guilty pair were
to return to Madeira, this otherwise unnecessary journey being
undertaken for the sole purpose of screening themselves by
putting the whole of the Atlantic ocean between them and
the scene of the crime. In pursuance of this plan they all
sailed for New York, where they landed in the summer of
1851, whence they worked their way gradually to Rochester
and settled down in a log hut in the town of Gates. There
they lived in apparent poverty, doing any menial work that
came to hand, until Antonio in the course of the winter

88

History of Police Department

applied to the poonnaster for assistance to start on his return
to Madeira. That being obtained, the family left in February,
but Pinto did not go with them and it was then remembered
that he had not been seen since the previous November. The
old hut was then searched, and his body was found under the
earth in the cellar, with wounds on the head that showed how
he had been killed. The man and woman were then followed

Photo by J. W. Taylor

John A. Stapuston, M. D.
Department Surgeon

to Albany, where they were found in the alms-house, with
Pinto's two children, and the whole party was brought back
to this city. Antonio was placed on trial, Judge Harris
presiding, with Martin S. Newton, the district-attorney, for
the prosecution ; Luther H. Hovey and J. D. Husbands
appeared for the accused, who, being promptly convicted
was hanged on the 3d of June.

It is strange that it took so many years for people to
find out that the county jail is the proper place only for the

Rochester, New York

detention of those who, after commitment, are held for
inquisition by the grand jury, and is not rightly used for a
place of imprisonment as a punishment after conviction. It
was not till 1853 that a committee of the board of supervisors
was appointed, consisting of Joshua Conkey, Samuel H. Davis,
Ezra B. True and Lewis Selye, to provide for the construction
of the Monroe county penitentiary — or work-house, as it was
popularly called for- many years, though for a long time past
it has been generally known by its proper title. The building
was erected in the course of the following year, at a cost of
$22,707.60, but in 1865 it was almost completely destroyed
by fire and having been rebuilt was again in 1868 visited by the
same calamity, which did half as much injury as on the
first occasion. Being again restored, a large workshop was
added in 1873, an( ^ another extensive addition was made
eight years ago with two hundred and fifty cells, in five
tiers, most of which were occupied immediately by inmates
transferred from their former crowded quarters. The number
of prisoners averages not far from three hundred, though five
hundred and twenty-five were confined there, -at once, about
five years ago. Up to that time the inmates were, practically
all, kept at work, with the result that this was one of the few
institutions that could, in most years, show a clear profit, but
a vastly more important thing was that the convicts were not
kept in debasing idleness and that habits of labor were
acquired which would make them better, instead of worse,
in after life. But all that salutary influence was destroyed
by an iniquitous section in the present constitution, which
prevents the employment of convict labor in the prisons or
penitentiaries of the state, except as far as the product of
their labor can be used in other institutions of the state.
This amount is, of course, insignificant, and, while a few of
the inmates of this penitentiary are given some light work
on the farm and the garden during the summer months, most
of them are idle the whole time, with the most disastrous
results, mentally and morally. The first superintendent was
Zenas R. Brockway, who, after serving three terms, resigned
to take charge of the Detroit House of Correction and later
became the head of the Elmira Reformatory, where he

History of Police Department

acquired a national reputation. William Willard succeeded
him, then came Levi S. Fulton, then Alexander McWhorter,
then Charles A. Webster, the present incumbent. The first
chaplain was H. A. Brewster, the present chaplains are the
Rt. Rev. Bishop McQuaid and Rev. H. Clay Peepels ; the
physician is Dr. Henry T. Williams.

Two boys, thirteen years old, became involved in a street
quarrel in March, 1853, and one of them, Francis Gretter,

WlUJAM C. MEAGHBR

Department Stenographer, and Clerk of the Bertillon System

a candy peddler, stabbed the other, Paul Satterbee, killing
him instantly ; manslaughter, third degree ; sentenced to
the House of Refuge till becoming of age. There was an
epidemic of highway robberies during May, in the thickly
settled parts of the city, so that most of the citizens went
home at night earlier than usual. Perhaps it was with a
view to heading off that crime before it attained its growth
that the association for juvenile reform was formed during

Rochester, New York

9i

that month, with William Pitkin as president, John B.
Robertson as treasurer and S. D. Porter as secretary, through

Police Court Officials

whose instrumentality the Home for Idle and Truant Children
was established on North St. Paul street, where it remained
till 1877, the site being occupied a year later by the Deaf
Mute institution with new and greatly enlarged buildings.

CHAPTER X

The Department Gets a Chief

Amendments to the Charter — The First Chief of
Police — Increase of the Force — Disappearance
of Emma Moore — Police Troubles in Know-
Nothing Times — The Murder Trial of Martin
Eastwood — Ira Stout's Murdeb of Littles —
Full History of the Crime — Trial of John B.
Robertson.

In 1853 several amendments to the charter were made
by the legislature, those pertaining to our province being to
the effect that the people should elect one constable for each
ward, in addition to which the mayor should have the power
of appointing one police constable for each ward, also a
corresponding number of watchmen — all to hold office during
his pleasure ; also, that he should designate one of the police
constables to be chief of police, on whom should devolve all
the duties performed before that time by the high constable ;
also, that the mayor should appoint one of the ten or less
watchmen to be captain of the watch, to perform the duties
then devolving upon that officer. The mayor, who was
General John Williams, does not seem to have exercised all
the powers entrusted to him, thinking, evidently, that there
was no need of anything like so large a force. The directory
of 1853-54, issued in June of the former year, shows that he
appointed Addy W. Van Slyck as chief of police, he being
the first one to bear that title, but, instead of appointing one
police constable for each of the ten wards, he named only
three besides the chief — namely, Thomas B. Hosmer, Samuel
Brown and Araunah Foster — and, instead of ten watchmen,
only five were appointed, of whom George Bradshaw was
captain, the others being Francis Farrell, Charles Starbird,

Rochester, New York

9?

William Vance and John Nowlin. The voters of the city
fulfilled their duties under the amendment above alluded
to by the election, as constables, of Daniel Goodman,
John Jenkins, John Kingsbury, Russell W. Goodrich,
Z. Danly, jr., Isaac Douglass, T. R. Brennan, T. Holden,.
Josiah Montgomery and John Charles.

In this amendment the term " police constable " must
be understood as equivalent to " day policeman," the term
" watchman " applying, as before, to the night officers only.
The constables, elected by the citizens, were, still county
officers, as before ; they were paid by the piece, if they did
nothing they got nothing, so much for serving a paper, so
much for making an arrest, the only difference being that
their duties and their powers were now more restricted than
before ; previous to this time they could make arrests without
a warrant, but after this year they could not ; only the police
could do that, and the constables could not be compelled to
serve any paper issued by the police justice.

In 1854 George I. Marsh was appointed chief by Mayor
Strong. In 1855, Charles J. Hayden being mayor, S. W. D.
Moore police justice, John Quin and T. V. P. Pullis coroners
for the city, the force was organised as follows : Chief T
Samuel M. Sherman ; night station keeper, Alexander
Richardson; captain _ of night police, Benjamin Hill; day
police — B. B. Bee, S. G. Cheesebro, Seymour Cooley, William
S. Fickett, Russell W. Goodrich, L,. L,. Hutchinson, Francis
Dockhart, Elliott F. Read, Charles T. Squier ; night police —
Francis Breck, Asa W. Chappell, Erastus Dresser, Monroe
Green, T. S. Hall, Friend W. Hine, Alvah Rice, William H.
Smith, Charles Starbird ; special policeman for truant children,
James E. Lee. Here, then, is the end of the old night watch,
and the beginning of the division of the force into day police
and night police, a step toward the classification of the present
day. The constables for that year were Pierce, Brown, Swift,
Goodrich, Mosher, Douglass, Jordan, Wells, Brown and
Dobson.

For the next few years the roster must be intermittent,
owing to the lapses in the directories, but a full list of the
various chiefs of police, with their terms of service, will be

Q4

History of Police Department

found near the close of this volume. In 1857 the separation
above mentioned, into day and night police, seems to have
been given up, for, after W. D. Oviatt as chief, come the
names of the following, without distinction of daylight and
darkness: George Bradshaw, A. H. Waterman, William
Ratt, John Clancy, John T. Dunn, Augustus Haungs, Thomas

Photo by J. W, Taylor

Louis W. Miller
Superintendent Police Telegraph Bureau

Corkhill, John Hettinger, W. J. Rogers, Peter Sheridan,
E. Jennings, Monroe Green. The one last named, it may be
mentioned, was on the force in 1854 as a special or substitute
and the next year went on as a regular policeman. His term
of service dates further back than that of any other person
now living. The police justice in 1857 was Butler Bardwell,
the coroners for the city were John Quin and Joseph Stone,
the constables were Van Slyck, Swift, Goodrich, Mosher,
Jordan, Brown and L,auer.

Rochester, New York 95

There was a decided increase in the force in 1859, for, after
the name of Elisha J. Keeney as chief, the names of nineteen
policemen appear — R. W. Goodrich, Palmer B. Wilder,
Benj. P. Leap, Thomas Campbell, John Dresser, August
Wagner, Andrew J. Kingsbury, Hamilton McQuatters, Henry
Jordan, Thomas Callister, Alvah Rice, Adam Brownell,
Seymour Cooley, Lyman Johnson, William Coughlin, John
Stott, John C. Heckel, A. H. Waterman, G. C. Pease. The
city coroners were John Quin and Oscar F. Brown ; the
constables were Van Slyck, Bortle, Swift, Goodrich, Mosher,
Foster, Jordan, Wells, Brown, Charles and Koons.

In 1861 there was a still greater augmentation, for thirty-
four policemen are recorded — besides the chief, William
Charles — their names being E. J. Keeney, Peter Yost, Bernard
Horcheller, L- Johnson, T. Callister, R. W. Goodrich,
J. C. Heckel, O. B. Eaton, William Killip, S. Cooley, A. J.
Kingsbury,. Marcus Butler, T. Campbell, J. Dresser, John C.
Dauer, Price T. Turner, Cyrus A. Miller, H. S. Smith, Jerome
Rogers, John Parshall, Joseph Anderson, John A. Jordan,
John Cullen, George Gadrell, John H. Dana, Richard Attridge,
Patrick Sullivan, Peter Koons, John Kiers, G. C. Pease, John
Clements, E. B. Hayward, P. E. Sheridan, A. Stott. The
name of a clerk appears for the first time, N. A. Stone in
this case. Newell A. Stone was the clerk of the Common
Council in that year, and he may have acted as police clerk
also, but the probability is that it was a mistake of the
directory man. The police justice was John Wegman, the
city coroners were William W. Bloss and O. F. Brown, and
the constables were Van Slyck, Bortle, Davis, McLean,
Mosher, Foster, Miles, Wells, O'-Neil, Stott, Meyer and
Wiborn.

As might be expected after so sweeping an enlargement,
there was a reduction of the force in 1863 (or else the year
before), for there were then only twenty-eight officers in
addition to William Mudgett, the chief, their names being
John Barry, Samuel Brown, J. Cullen, John Flaherty, Jacob
Frank, W. H. Harvey, P. Holleran, Michael Hyland, F. F.
Marzluff, J. McCruden, A. McLean, W. H. Noyes, J. Parshall,
John Purcell, D. O. Reagan, William Rogers, W. J. Rogers,

o6

History of Police Department

Patrick Rooney, U. Schmocker, E. Schooley, P. E. Sheridan,
Charles T. Squires, R. D. Swift, Michael Tierney, A. W. Van
Slyck, Michael Wolf, Peter Yost, Charles Young. The
constables were Van Slyck, Casey, Botkin, Gannon, Mosher,
Eauer, Miles, Quinlan, O'Neil, Markley, Miller and Kimball.

Photo by J. W. Taylor

John E. McDermott
Captain 2d Precinct

Much excitement was caused in November, 1854, by the
disappearance, on the 14th of that month, of Emma Moore, a
young woman thirty-seven years old ; meetings of the citizens
were held and the sheriff offered a reward of a thousand
dollars, but she was not found alive and the body was
accidentally discovered in the upper race on the 19th of the
following March ; verdict of coroner's jury, death from causes
unknown.

Rochester escaped the riotous disturbances and the
disgraceful scenes that vexed the quiet of other cities and

Rochester, New York 97

filled so many hearts with grief and indignation in these
years, in connection with the fugitive slave law and the
attempts, not always successful, to restore to bondage the
unhappy runaways, like the cases of Burns and Anthony
Sims in Boston and the Jerry rescue in Syracuse. This was
not because there were no fugitives in this city ; on the
contrary, Rochester was known throughout the North and
even among the colored population of the South as one of
the principal stations of the " underground railroad," and
although most of those escaping during this period passed
through here as rapidly as they could be helped along by
friends, stopping only for temporary concealment, yet there
were many, like Frederick Douglass, who had their permanent
homes in this city. For some of those persons requisitions
were known to have been issued, but it became quite generally
and thoroughly understood that any attempt at capture would
be encountered with a bloody resistance that would surely
precipitate a riot with which the police would be unable to
cope, while any effort on the part of the sheriff to call out
the posse comitatus would meet with a scandalous defiance of
the law. The man-hunters knew this full well, and the
consequence was that no fugitive was arrested in this city.*
But there was quite enough to make it lively for the
police. The American party, better known as the " Know-
Nothings," began its brief existence in 1854 and reached its
culmination, in Rochester at least, in the following year,
when it placed Charles J. Hayden in the mayor's chair. In
both of those years the enthusiastic members of the new
political organisation made themselves conspicuous by
challenging at the polls on election day all persons not of
American birth, except those who were positively known to

*In 1823, long before the time of the fugitive slave law, a woman was
arrested here and delivered over to her master, from whom she had escaped
at Niagara Falls more than a year before and had been living here with
her husband since that time. Being carried to Buffalo and put on board a
steamboat bound for Cleveland, whence she was to be taken to Wheeling,
where her owner lived, her agony at the thought of separation from her
husband and her baby, with the dread of the punishment that she must
undergo, weighed upon her mind to the extent that she cut her throat and
so was free at last. The only other rendition here was in 1832, when the
fugitive, after being turned over to the officers and taken as far as Palmyra,
was rescued by friends.

History of Police Department

have been legal voters before that. In their anticipation of
the registration laws, which were not enacted till some time
after that, they may have been over-zealous in excluding
from the polls some whose rights there were as good as their
own, but they were impelled to that course by the loose
methods that had notoriously permitted large numbers to

Photo by J. W, Taylor

John A. Eaird
Captain jd Precinct

exercise the elective franchise when they were not entitled to
it. At any rate, their action roused the ire of the foreio-ners
who vented their wrath not only upon the challeno-ers but
upon the policemen who were stationed at the different
polling-places, and in many cases they attacked the officers
in such numbers as to overpower them, drive them away
from the polls, roll them in the mud and otherwise maltreat
them. It was warm work at the time, but, after election was

Rochester, New York 99

over, it seemed to be forgotten. Toward the end of January,
1855, there was quite a riot among the laborers on the canal,
who were engaged in a strike, and, as the police were unable
to handle it, the sheriff called out the Union Grays, under
the command of Captain Lee, to quell the disturbance ;
several arrests were made but no one was seriously hurt.
In May Martin Eastwood was tried for the murder of Edward
Brereton in the northern part of the city ; he was convicted
and sentenced to death, but the element of premeditation was
not clearly shown, as the two men were engaged in a quarrel,
and on the second trial he got off with a long imprisonment.
It is difficult to understand the intensity of the excitement
that pervaded the community during the last week of 1857
over what was long known as the Falls Field tragedy. This
interest was so great as to make it worth while to tell the
story from the beginning. Marion Ira Stout (commonly
called by his middle name) was born in Pennsylvania in 1835.
From his earliest boyhood he was brought up under the worst
influences, for his father was an expert forger and was a mem-
ber of a gang of counterfeiters that operated extensively in
Canada, Ohio and the central part of New York. With this
band of criminals Ira became closely connected at the early age
of thirteen, before which time he had attended school with a
moderate amount of regularity and had developed a wonderful
degree of precocity, having not only acquired considerable
knowledge of Latin and French, as well as a fair acquaintance
with English literature, but being versed particularly in
metaphysics, so that he was familiar with the writings of
Locke, Hume and other philosophers. Soon after this, Ira's
father was sent to prison for ten years for forgery and Ira
himself was arrested for being concerned in a burglary —
though he really went into the enterprise only on compulsion
— and served out a sentence of four years and six months in
the Eastern penitentiary of Pennsylvania. From there he
came to Rochester, whither the rest of the family, except his
father, had removed some years before, and here he settled
down, apparently, to complete his education, spending his
days in a mercantile college and devoting his nights to the
study of commercial law, mathematics and literary works.

History of Police Department

But this mental application did not suffice to extinguish
the criminal instincts that seemed to be born in him, or at
least to have been planted there at an early age, and the two
tendencies worked together for evil. Stout found his sister
Sarah married to Charles W. Littles, a practising attorney, but
employed at that time in the law office of Henry Hunter.

Photo by J. W, Taylor

Herman Russ
Captain 4th Precinct

The married couple did not get along very well, owing to the
intemperance, marital infidelity and general wickedness of
the husband. Ira took the part of his sister, between whom
and himself there existed a peculiar affection. Utterly devoid
of conscience as he was, it did not take him long to make up
his mind to murder his brother-in-law, and he made one or
two attempts before he was successful, such as trying to
induce Littles to walk with him at night over the slippery
planks of Andrews street bridge, which was then being

Rochester, New York

repaired, where one blow of his fist would have sent his
victim into the water and as the river was running: hieh at
that time the body would have been swept over the falls in a
few moments. Failing in this, he succeeded in convincing
Littles, who was of a jealous disposition, that his wife had an
appointment with some one at Falls field for the evening of
December 19. Accordingly they went to the spot on that
night, Sarah, who seems to have been completely under her
brother's influence, preceding them a little, so as to lure her
husband to his doom. That fell soon enough, for when they
had got near the edge of the bank Ira struck his victim a
sudden blow with an iron mallet, smashing the skull and
producing instant death. Stout then threw the body over
the precipice, supposing that it would fall at once into the
river and be swept into the lake before morning, but instead
of that it struck on a projecting ledge some thirty feet below
the upper level. Perceiving that there was some failure in
the execution, Ira started to go down a narrow path that led
sideways along the cliff, but in the darkness he missed his
footing and fell. headlong, striking upon the ledge beside the
corpse and breaking his left arm in his descent. While in
this condition he summoned all his remaining strength,
pushed the body again over the bank and sank in a dead
faint. Recovering from that in a few minutes, he called to
his sister, who was still above, to come and help him and she
started to go down the little path, but the bushes to which
she clung gave away, she stumbled and fell, breaking her
left wrist and landing beside her prostrate brother. But,
even in that wretched plight they could not remain where
they were and so they scrambled slowly and painfully up the
path, leaving behind them Ira's spectacles, for which they
searched in vain, and so, taking with them the fatal mallet,
they made their way laboriously to their home on Monroe
avenue. There everything that occurred to them as necessary
to conceal the evidences of their crime was done, the mallet
was hidden away on the premises, not being found till after
the trial, and the blood stains were to some extent washed
away from the clothes of the culprits. But Ira's fracture
was a bad and complicated one ; though his stoicism enabled

History of Police Department

him to bear the pain without a murmur the swelling and
inflammation of the arm increased so rapidly that, dangerous
as the exposure might be, it was absolutely necessary to have
surgical treatment, so Dr. Rapalje and Dr. Whitbeck were
called in at a late hour of the night, the limb was set and
bandaged, and then the household waited for the dawn and
for the footsteps of retributive justice.

Photo by J. W. Taylor

Benedict C. Furtherer
Captain $lh Precinct

It happened that a day or two before the murder a man
named Newhafer had fallen from the Andrews street bridge
and had been swept over the falls in the full sight of a
number of people, the incident, in fact, suggesting to Stout
that manner of disposing of Ditties. As Mr. Newhafer's
body did not come to the surface, a large reward was offered
for its recovery by the Jewish congregation of which he was
a member. Stimulated by this a number of persons engaged
throughout Saturday in the search, which they renewed early

Rochester, New York

103

on Sunday morning, the 20th, descending to the river by the
identical path down which Ira and his sister had fallen the
night before. At its foot, in a shallow eddy, where the
rushing water had set back, they found, not the body of
Newhafer but the mangled corpse of Littles. The alarm
was given at once, the identification of the remains was
soon made, and within an hour the officers, armed with a
warrant, proceeded to the house on Monroe avenue and
arrested the whole Stout family, consisting of seven persons.
Strange as it may seem, the most conclusive evidence of guilt
was found there. With that infatuation that is sometimes
noticed in similar cases, Sarah had neglected to remove not only
from her cloak but even from her hair the burrs of the yellow
burdock that had clung to her in her terrible fall and that
were afterward shown to be similar to those that grew in
Falls field, besides which her wrist was seen to be broken,
which she had not mentioned to the doctors the night before,
and it had to be set at the police office, whither the whole
party was carried at once. The coroner was already there, a
jury was summoned, although it was Sunday, and the inquest
proceeded immediately, lasting all that day, late into the
night, and for three successive days and evenings afterward.
So full and exhaustive was it that it settled the case, to all
intents and purposes, and when the verdict was rendered it
clearly foreshadowed the fate of the two principal prisoners,
the others being discharged at once.

Ira Stout was tried in the following April, Judge Henry
Welles presiding over the court and John N. Pomeroy being
appointed counsel for the accused, who lacked the pecuniary
means of defense. Gardiner S. Cutting acted as junior
counsel. Stout was convicted and sentenced to death, but
an appeal was taken, delays were secured and it was not till
the 22d of October that he was hanged. In all that long
interval the curiosity to see him was unbounded and visitors
to his cell thronged the jail almost daily. This nattered
his vanity, which he further indulged by inditing, for
posthumous publication, what he called his " last writing,"
a lengthy and curious effusion, full of literary allusions and
poetical quotations, with a rambling history of his life ; a

104

History of Police Department

partial confession of his crime, with regret and justification
intermingled, with the whole thing interspersed with a raving,
cursing defiance of all authority, human and divine. A week
before his end he tried to commit suicide, with a lancet, but
though he lacked nerve to cut deep enough he walked to
the gallows when the time came and met his death without

Photo by J. W. Taylor

Wiixiam A. Stein
Lieutenant ist Precinct

flinching. Before her brother's execution Sarah L,ittles was
tried, in June of that year, for manslaughter, and, being
ably defended by Chauncey Perry and John C. Chumasero,
got off with conviction in the second degree ; she was
sentenced to Sing Sing for seven years, but was pardoned
before her term expired and subsequently married.

Before the trial of Ira Stout, though after the commission
of his crime and its discovery, came another trial, not for
murder but for an attempt to commit it through the instru-
mentality of another. An influential citizen named John B.

Rochester New York

Robertson, who was then the cashier of the Eagle bank and
the comptroller of the city (an office that existed for a few
years), was accused of trying to induce a young physician of
this city, who was just beginning his practice and who since
then has risen to eminence in his profession, to aid him in
taking the life of Mrs. Robertson. She had been in a poor
■condition of health for some time and this physician had
been attending her, and it was charged that Robertson —
whose motive for getting rid of her was alleged to be his
desire to marry another woman — endeavored to get the doctor
to give to him medicines, for him to administer to his wife,
that should cause a rush of blood to the head, congestion,
apoplexy and finally death. The prominence of the party
accused, together with the singularity of the circumstances,
caused great interest to be taken in the trial, so that when it
came off in January, 1858, the court-room was thronged from
day to day. Judge E. Darwin Smith presided, and the
prisoner was defended by John H. Martindale, afterward
attorney-general of the state, Selah Mathews and Alfred Ely*
afterward member of Congress, with Henry R. Selden, then
lieutenant-governor of the state, as counsel. It was probably
this powerful combination of advocates that caused the
attorney-general, Eyman Tremaiu, to come to the assistance
of Calvin Huson, the district-attorney, for it is not usual for
that high officer of the state to appear except in cases of the
greatest importance. Upon the trial the doctor testified that
Robertson urged the use of sanguinaria, with whose power
as a drug he had acquainted himself, but that he (the doctor)
had given him, instead, sambucus, a milder remedy of the
same color and producing somewhat similar, though harmless,
effects, and that this had been done after repeated visits to the
physician's office. Several reputable citizens, including
W. D. Oviatt, the chief of police, testified that they were
concealed in an adjoining room during two or three of those
evening consultations and had heard Robertson make the
request as described. The counsel for the defense maintained
that the whole thing was a conspiracy on the part of the
doctor, who had brought in some one else to personate the
accused, and they brought forward evidence regarding tests

100

History of Police Department

that had been made to show how easy it was for anyone to be
mistaken as to identity when put on the wrong track at first
and when only the voice was heard, the person unseen. The
jury saw fit to give the prisoner the benefit of the doubt,
and he was acquitted, after three hours of deliberation. He
was afterward found to have been a defaulter with the funds

Photo by J. W. Taylor

Samuel L. Schwartz
Lieutenant 2d Precinct

of the Mt. Hope commissioners, of which he had charge in
his capacity of .comptroller.

The year of 1861 opened with the gloomiest apprehen-
sions of all loyal friends of the Union, with the approaching
secession of the southern states ; people were excited, irritable,
hostile to everything calculated to break the peace. It was
this feverish spirit that caused a mob to break up a conven-
tion that the Abolitionists were so indiscreet as to hold, or
attempt to hold, in Corinthian hall on the nth of January,

Rochester, New York

107

but no great harm was done. Then came the Civil war for
four long years, when all thoughts were centered in that, so
that it seemed as if less crime was committed than before or
after. In some cities there were draft riots, and on the 16th
of July, 1863, the Fifty-fourth regiment of militia left Roch-

Ptioto by J. W. Taylor

Sharon L. Sherman
Lieutenant 3d Precinct

ester for New York to aid in the suppression of the horrible
disorders in the metropolis, but when the conscription took
place here in the following month, when more than a
thousand persons were drafted and put into the army, many
of them against their will, there was not a ripple of disturb-
ance, no call for the police, still less for the militia.
Rochester was a law-abiding-- city, and was firm for the Union.

CHAPTER XI

The Department Reorganised

Board of Police Commissioners — Their Powers and
Duties — Clerk of the Board — Increase of the
Force — Roundsmen Appointed — Captain of Night
Police — Grade of Lieutenant Created — The
Sunday-Closing Question — The Civil Service
Law — The Board Declines to Act under It.

In 1865 a new law went into effect, by which the control
of the police department was vested in three commissioners,
two of them to be elected in the future by the Common
Council and the third being the mayor, ex officio, who at that
time was D. D. T. Moore. The commissioners named in the
act were Henry S. Hebard, for the term of four years, and
Jacob Howe, sr., for the term of two years, after which George
G. Cooper was elected as the successor of the latter for the
regular term of four years. A list of the commissioners, with
the time of their service, will be found in another place.
The power of the new board was absolute as regarded the
appointment of a chief of police and the members of the
force (except that it was left to the Common Council to
regulate the maximum number who should be appointed at
any time), their dismissal, their discipline and all things
connected with the department; the commissioners were to
prepare and enforce all ordinances and rules regulating the
force, to hear all complaints against any member thereof and
to act thereupon ; they had authority to issue subpoenas and
to compel the attendance of witnesses in any proceedings
before them, and they had power to make arrests and serve
criminal process within Monroe county. The mayor was to
be the president of the board, and a majority vote was to
govern in most cases. With the Common Council rested the

Rochester, New York 109

power to remove from office, by a three-fourths vote, any
commissioner, except the mayor, upon specific charges being
preferred and after such commissioner had the opportunity to
be heard in his own defense, and also the power to appoint,
temporarily, by a similar vote, the chief and the requisite
number of policemen, in case the board, from any cause,
neglected to do so. The office of commissioner was not a
salaried one till 1877, when five hundred dollars was paid,
that amount being increased to nine hundred in 1880, lowered
to six hundred the next year, raised to one thousand in 1882,
lowered to nine hundred in 1898 and remaining there for the
next year, after which the office was abolished.

Commissioner Hebard acted as clerk of the board till
1 87 1, when an amendment was passed by the legislature
whereby the commissioners were authorised to appoint a
police clerk, who should act not only as clerk of that board,
but also as clerk of the police court, whose duties were "to
keep in a book a full and careful record of all rules, resolu-
tions, orders and other proceedings of the board and to keep
a docket or book in which shall be entered a memorandum of
all processes issued by the police justice and of all proceed-
ings had under such process, of all sentences pronounced and
of all fines and penalties imposed by said justice, and also to
keep, in a separate book, an accurate account of all moneys
which shall come into his hand from any source as such
police clerk and of the disposition which shall be made
thereof." B. Frank Enos was appointed to the place in April
of that year and held it till his death, on the 4th of December,
1898; Richard Curran succeeded him in February, 1899, and
after the demise of the board was the clerk of the police
court ; he was followed by William F. Durnan for one year,
and he by Charles B. Bechtold, the present incumbent. The
high-sounding title of Metropolitan Police was generally
applied to the new department, though that term is not used
in the act creating it or in the records of the board of commis-
sioners, and indeed it appears rather ridiculous for a little
provincial city.

The board held its first meeting 011 April 13, and
appointed Samuel M. Sherman chief of police. The choice

History of Police Department

was a good one, probably the best that could have been made,
for Mr. Sherman had held that position some years before
and had at the same time been the chief engineer of the fire
department, so that he was a well-tried veteran in the service,
and at the time of his election by the commissioners he was
filling the responsible position of depot policeman, where his

Photo by J. W. Taylor

James E. Ryan
Lieutenant 4U1 Precinct

extensive knowledge of the criminal classes enabled him to
be of the greatest usefulness in arresting professional crooks
as they were leaving or boarding the cars. In May the board
appointed the members of the new force ; thirty in all, whose
names will be found elsewhere, in the regular place. The
material was strong, as shown by the fact that, of that original
thirty, eleven — Messrs. McLean, McCormick, Lynch, Burchell,
Marzluff, Allen, Roworth, Dana, White, Van Vorst and

Rochester, New York

Hyland — were in service on the force in 1884, the semi-
centennial of the city, twenty-nine years after their appoint-
ment. The number was increased by additional appointments
from time to time, until there were about fifty, which the
Common Council had agreed upon as being sufficient.

There was no material change in the number or the
personnel of the force for a few years, there being about fifty
patrolmen, of whom twenty were on duty during the day and
the remainder at night, until 1872, when the number was
increased to sixty-five, twenty-five of whom were day police-
men. In 1873 six of these were appointed as detectives, with
a slight increase of pay. In 1874 there were eighty police-
men, including five detectives, and, in view of the increase of
the force, it was found expedient to appoint two of them as
roundsmen, to see that the others were actually on their beats
during the prescribed hours. Four officers were added in the
following year, in the next there were eight detectives, who
were reduced to six in 1879. In June, 1866, officer Alexander
J. Coombs was designated as captain of the night force, but
he resigned from the department a month later and officer
Patrick H. Sullivan was appointed in his place.

An examination of the records of the board during the
whole thirty-five years of its existence shows that, without
making any very radical changes, the commissioners started
out to do their work thoroughly. New uniforms were at once
ordered for the police; in July it was voted that all bars of
taverns, saloons and other places where intoxicating liquors
were sold, except the stores of druggists, who sell only for
medicinal purposes, should be closed all through Sunday, and
on other days of the week at eleven in the evening, though
this stringent provision was modified in the following April
by allowing them all to keep open till midnight of Saturday,
at which hour they must close and remain shut till the follow-
ing Monday morning. In November of the first year a
resolution was adopted that all the day men should attend,
dressed in uniform, all fires occurring between eight o'clock
in the evening and four in the morning, and that they should
report to the captain at the office on their return from the
fire. Owing to some laxity on their part the officers were,

History of Police Department

in 1866, required to wear the police uniform at all times when
they appeared on the street, and the detectives, who were then
mentioned for the first time, were ordered to make daily
reports, in writing, to the chief, of their proceedings during
the day. In September of that year the thanks of the com-
missioners were officially given to officers McL,ean and
Angevine for detecting and arresting the party who stole

P^oto by J. W. Taylor

Ferdinand A. KXtjbertanz
Lieutenant jt/i Precinct

some diamond rings and other property from the residence of
Mrs. Tompkins. A month later, in accepting the resignation
of officer Franklin, the thanks of the board were tendered to
him "for his general good conduct and faithful discharge of
his duties whilst a member of this department."

During 1868 the board was engaged in a controversy
with the New York Central railroad, which persisted in
running its trains through the city at a higher rate of speed

Rochester, N e w Y o r k 113

than was permitted by the ordinance (eight miles an hour),
and, as this practice resulted in an accident which caused the
death of a young woman on the nth of June, the board, at
its meeting four days later, requested the city attorney to
proceed against the company for violation of the ordinance
and at the same time instructed Chief Sherman to enforce
the law "and, if necessary, bring into requisition the entire
police department for that purpose." That action seems to
have had the desired effect. In July, 1870, the city was
divided into two precincts, the west side of the river being
the first, the east side the second. On October 9, 1871,
twenty-five extra policemen were sworn in, "to serve until
further orders, in consequence of the excitement relative to
the Chicago fire." It is not explained whether an epidemic
of incendiarism was feared, or whether there was an unreason-
ing popular demand for unusual protection against accidental
conflagration. The men were discontinued a few days later.
It is evident that the saloons were pretty wide open during
that year, owing to the great number of orders given to the
chief on the subject, not always consistent, for sometimes he
was directed to close them all on Sunday, at another time to
"close all drinking places on the Sabbath where there is any
disorderly conduct or disturbance," at another to " request the
proprietors of all saloons who keep nothing but intoxicating
drinks for sale to close their establishments on Saturday
nights at twelve o'clock, and to report to the board all those
who refuse to comply with the request," and so on.

Chief Sherman resigned his position in January, 1874,
and officer Alexander McLean was designated to perform the
duties of chief till otherwise ordered ; he was formally elected
to the office five months later. A minute in the record of the
meeting of September 9 of that year records the regret with
which the board has heard of the death of detective Jonathan
Dresser, who had been a faithful member of the force for
twenty-five years. In June, 1877, officers Charles McCormick
and J. S. Roworth were appointed sergeants, officers Samuel
Brown, Peter Hughes, Jerome Rogers, Thomas Lynch and
Peter Lauer designated detectives, and officer Marzluff court
■ officer and interpreter. The members of the force then

"4

History of Police Department

serving were re-appointed, without change. On the 16th of
November in that year a minute expressed the regret of the
board over the death of officer John C. Heckel. In addition
to the regular night roundsmen, officers Geary and Baker
were, in January, 1878, designated as roundsmen at large, to
do duty in the daytime. In September, 1881, an important
change was made by creating the grade of lieutenant, and

Photo bg J. W. Taylor

Frank B. Auen
Sergeant-Patrol

four officers were raised to that rank, numbered, respectively,
first, second, third and fourth lieutenants — William Keith,
Benedict C. Furtherer, Nicholas J. Loos and John B. Davis.
Besides that, officer Joseph P. Cleary was made an aid to
Captain Sullivan and commander in his absence, with the
rank of lieutenant, and officer Charles McCormick was trans-
ferred to the detective force, having charge of the day
patrolmen, with the same rank. In February, 1882, officer

Rochester, New York 115

Frank B. Allen also was made a day lieutenant. Captain
Sullivan having resigned by reason of failing health, Lieu-
tenant Cleary -was, on June 21, 1883, appointed captain;
Lieutenant Keith was made brevet captain, Lieutenants
Furtherer, Loos and Davis were promoted one step each, and
officer John A. Baird was made fourth lieutenant.

The Civil Service law of the state was passed in 1883,
and at the meeting of the board on the 18th of January, 1884,
Mayor Parsons offered a resolution that "in addition to the
regulations now prescribed by this board for the admission of
persons into the police service of the city, and to better pro-
mote the efficiency thereof, it is expedient that a commission
of suitable persons be appointed to conduct examinations and
ascertain the fitness of candidates, in accordance with the
intent and purpose of the statute." But the other commis-
sioners would have none of it, not liking the Civil Service
law, and a resolution was adopted by the affirmative vote of
Commissioners Zimmer and Howe, the mayor voting against
it, to the effect that "it is the duty of this board to do for
itself the work for which its members were elected, and to
maintain to the best of its ability the highest degree of
efficiency in the force, for which it is and must be held
responsible, and it is not expedient that a coin mission be
appointed to conduct examinations." The same attitude was
maintained by the board for several years, but eventually the
department came under the operation of the law, as will be
seen further on. Let us now turn to records outside of those
of the board, for a survey of the principal crimes committed
during the twenty years before.

CHAPTER XII

The Hand of Blood

The Orton Murder — The Messner Murder — The
Montgomery Murder — Death of 'Squire Moore—
The Heffner Homicide — The Howard Riot —
The City Hall — The Front Street Building —
■Female Suffrage — The John Clark Murder —
Three Murders in One Summer — Extensive
Jail-Breaking — Death of Captain Sullivan —
The Lutz Murder — The Semi - Centennial.

On the evening of March 8, 1866, Jonathan T. Orton, a
hackman residing on South Union street, went to his barn to
put up the horses that his son Alvah had been driving during
the afternoon. An hour later Mrs. Orton, surprised at the
continued delay of her husband in returning to the house,
took a lamp and went to the barn. There she was horrified
to see his body lying on the floor, with the skull literally
crushed to pieces, while the nose was broken and almost
obliterated by another blow, all the wounds being inflicted,
evidently, by a cart stake, the end bound with iron, that lay
near. Two doctors were called, but they could do nothing
for the injured man, who died a few hours later, without
regaining consciousness. As his watch nad a considerable sum
of money were found in his pockets it was plain that the
motive of the assassin was not robbery, but the indication
thereby indirectly afforded, that the deed must have been
committed by some one who had a grudge against his victim,
did not lead to any conclusion, and the perpetrator of the
crime was never discovered, at least judicially.

Franz Joseph Messner and his wife lived together, but
not happily, in the village of Penfield. Up to the time of
their marriage she was a woman of the usual amiability, but

Rochester, New York

117

her husband's brutal treatment of her spoiled her disposition
and so they led a quarrelsome and a discontented life. After
two years of that misery it happened that on the 13th of
April, 1868, he beat her so much harder than usual that death
ensued. Then he called the neighbors in and told them that
his wife had received fatal injuries by falling out of a wagon.
They refused, however, to believe that story when they found

Photo by J. W. Taylor

Daniei, Golding
Sergeant-Patrol

that her skull was crushed and her head badly bruised, and
they concluded that the husband had done the work with a
mallet, which was found near by, with blood on it. The
coroner's jury took the same view of the case, and so did the
trial jury, for Messner was convicted and sentenced to be
hanged on the 4th of June, 1869. His case is an illustration of
what a travesty upon justice is furnished by the administration
of law, with its technicalities so frequently conducive to the
escape of criminals, though in this instance the forfeit was

History of Police Department

paid at last, in spite of the obstructive machinery. Just
before the time set for execution, Gov. Hoffman gave the
murderer a reprieve for two weeks, then a writ of error was
granted and, after argument at the general term, Messner was
again sentenced to die on the ioth of December ; on the
very day before that date a stay was granted by Judge Martin
Grover ; after more than a year's delay the case was argued

Photo by J. W. Taylor

John M. Caerou
Sergeant-Patrol

before the Court of Appeals, a new trial was ordered, which
took place in the following June, and the prisoner was again
sentenced to death on the nth of August, 1871 ; this time
the judgment was really carried into effect. It is worthy of
note that on the scaffold, just before passing into eternity, the
miserable wretch had the hardihood to assert his innocence,
notwithstanding the fact that there was present, standing
before him, a reporter who had in his inside coat pocket the
written confession of guilt signed by Messner after his first
sentence, when he had no hope of escape ; the document was

Rochester, NewYork 119

of course kept a secret till after the execution and was
published on the following day.

The wife of David Montgomery, a cartman, living on
the corner of Monroe avenue and Union street, preferred a life
of licentiousness to one of honest labor, so she left her husband
and betook herself to lodgings elsewhere. Montgomery
followed her and with much difficulty persuaded her to go
home with him, for that night at least, to take care of her
little baby, only nine months old. While there he tried to
induce her to lead a respectable life, but she again asserted
her determination to follow her own inclinations. Early in
the morning, it being Sunday, November 13, 1870, he left
her, went to his father's house, procured an ax, returned and
buried the blade in the brain of his sleeping wife, the blood
spouting over the child that lay beside her, On his trial for
murder his defense was insanity, it being claimed that he
was an epileptic, but the evidence showed that he must have
reasoning powers, for he stood by the bedside for fully five
minutes, debating within himself whether he should do the
deed, until the thought of his wife's infidelity drove him to
madness, and the ponderous weapon descended. The prisoner
was convicted, and the general term affirmed the decision of
the lower court, but the judges delayed passing sentence
and Governor Hoffman appointed a medical commission to
determine the question of sanity. Two years after the
perpetration of the crime they declared Montgomery, who had
been kept in jail all that time, to be insane, and on December
30, 1872, he' was sent to the insane asylum attached to the
state prison at Auburn.

Samuel W. D. Moore, who was mayor of the city in 1859
and again in 1866, but who was universally known during
the last half of his life as 'Squire Moore, from his having
held the office of police justice from 1848 to 1856, died in
1870.

There was another Falls field tragedy on the evening of
August 6, 1 87 1, when a young girl named Viola Carson, who
had been drinking in a saloon near by, was enticed by two
or three young men to go to the fatal field for an illicit
purpose. While there she broke away from them, ran to the

History of Police Department

edge of the bank and either threw herself over intentionally,
as the only way of escape from a fate worse than death, or
fell over accidentally in the darkness. One of the participants
in the affair, named Richard Buckley, was indicted for
manslaughter and was convicted of that crime in the fourth
degree, for which he got off with a fine of $50. On the
12th of October of that year Paul Heman and his wife, who

Photo by J. W. Taylor

Jeremiah O'Grady
Sergeant 1st Precinct .

was better known as " Dutch Kate," went to the saloon of
Martin Heffner, near Mt. Hope, with the avowed intention of
pounding the proprietor. They would probably have done
much more than that if it had not been that a pistol in the
hands of Heffner was discharged, the bullet striking Heinan
and killing him. The verdict was manslaughter in the third
degree, with a sentence of imprisonment for three years,
which was felt to be an undeserved punishment and Heffner
was pardoned shortly afterward.

Rochester, New Yoi

The year of 1872 was opened with the most serious riot
that ever took place in this city. On one of the last days of
the old year a young negro named Howard had committed
an aggravated assault on a little girl and had fled, but the
police were on his track and he was captured some miles
out of town. Upon his arrival at the New York
Central station the attitude of those who had news of
his coming and who were awaiting him was quite
threatening, but the officers managed to rush him off to the
jail and lodge him there in safety at noon on the 2d of
January. The indignation of the populace, instead of
lessening as the day went on, steadily increased, so that the
Fifty-fourth regiment was ordered out to protect the jail and
prevent any attempt to take the prisoner from the authorities
and execute upon him " the wild justice of revenge." None
too soon was the precaution taken, for, when darkness came
on, a large crowd gathered on Exchange street and on Court
street as far as the bridge over the race-way, at the west end
of which companies D and G were posted. After taunting
the military for some time the mob began to throw stones at
them, and at last the soldiers, after they had repeatedly asked
their officers to be allowed either to advance or to fall back,
were ordered to disperse the rioters. The charge was made
and the mob slowly retired, but more missiles were hurled,
some of them striking and wounding different members of
the militia, whereupon a private of company D discharged
his musket, perhaps accidentally, perhaps while in a state of
such excitement that he was half unconscious of the act.
This was followed instantly by a volley from both companies,
and several of the populace fell to the ground at once, but so
dense was the crowd and the darkness that it was not for
some minutes generally known whether the result was serious ;
finally the wounded were gathered up and carried to adjacent
saloons, to the City hospital or to their homes, as the nature
of their injuries permitted, after which the mob slowly
dispersed. Two of the wounded, John Elter and Henry
Merlau, both very reputable citizens, died in a few moments,
but the others, five in number, eventually recovered.

The next morning the most alarming anticipations were

History of Police Department

felt. The indignation against the militia was so intense that
it was manifest that there would be bloodshed if they appeared
in the streets, besides which many of them were so unnerved
by the events of the previous evening that they were really
. not to be depended upon as a body. At this crisis the three
veteran organisations of the Old Thirteenth, the Hundred and
Eighth and the Rvan Zouaves tendered their services, and

Photo by J. W. Taylor

Frank E. Mehi,e
Sergeant ist Precinct

the commissioners at once swore in all the members as
special police. There was, however, no occasion for their
good offices. Captain Sullivan insisted that the regular force
could preserve order, and his confidence was justified, for,
with him at the head to lead them, the police drove back the
people that assembled on Exchange street that afternoon and
prevented them from getting near the jail. The coroner's
jury a few days later took cognisance of the shooting and

Rochester, New York 123

rendered a verdict in accordance with the facts, and the
grand jury presented resolutions censuring the members of
the two militia companies for not awaiting the command of
their officers before firing, but nothing further came of that
matter.

Another chapter of the tragedy came at once. In
view of the continued tension of public feeling, with the
likelihood that the jail might be attacked if Howard were
kept there till the next session of the criminal court, and
also on account of the extra expense to the county for
soldiers' pay and rations during the interval, the authorities
took a step which was greatly censured at the time as showing
a deference to mob violence and which was excusable only
by reason of the unprecedented condition of affairs. Judge
E. Darwin Smith consented to hold an extra session of the
court, and, as it was considered that an open, public trial
would be attended with a disturbance that might have fatal
results, it was determined that the sitting should be held in
the night and in secret, so the windows of the court-room
were darkened to prevent the emission of light, and Howard,
with his face chalked to disguise him, was taken from the
jail to the court-house by back streets. The prisoner was
arraigned and through his counsel, C. C. Davison, a former
district-attorney, who was assigned to defend him, pleaded
guilty and was sentenced to state prison for twenty years.
He was immediately put into a carriage with jailer Beckwith
and two sheriff's officers ; the party were driven at once to
Honeoye Falls, where they took the cars for Auburn, and
the trembling wretch, who had been in a state of abject
terror all the time, felt an assurance of safety only when the
prison doors closed behind him. But his fate was waiting
for him, even there. A few years after his incarceration
began he became involved in a quarrel with a fellow-convict,
who threw him from an upper corridor to the floor below,
breaking his neck and killing him instantly. So ended the
Howard tragedy.

Other crimes of that year may be disposed of briefly.
In February there were two suicides, those of Mary Ann
Marshall on the nth, and on the 24th of George Wetzel, a

124

History of Police Department

rejected lover, who left all his property to his sweetheart ; on
the 18th there was a fight on Lake avenue between Burns
and McCarthy, the former being so badly hurt that he died
a week later, but McCarthy had in the meantime been tried
for assaulting him and fined $50 ; on the 3d of April John
Moran was sentenced to fifteen years in Auburn for highway
robbery ; on the 31st of July John Hensler, inspired by

Photo by J. W. Taylor

John F. Monaghan
Sergeant 2d Precinct

jealousy, shot and killed Jacob Goetzman on Main street and
immediately committed suicide in the same manner.

On May 23, 1873, tne corner-stone of the city hall was
laid, but the edifice was not completed till December of the
following year, at a cost of $337,000. In the meantime the
city building, on Front street (a rival affair, constructed by
politics), was put up, at a cost of over $50,000 ; the police
court and headquarters moved in at once and stayed there for

Rochester, New York 12^

a year, when they were transferred to the city hall, as narrated
in a previous chapter. The Front street concern has, since
then, been devoted to fire department houses, the office of
overseer of the poor and other city interests. On the 19th of
June, 1873, Susan B. Anthony was convicted, at Canandaigua,
of illegally voting, in exercising the assumed right of female
suffrage, in the eighth ward of Rochester, in the previous
year; fined one hundred dollars; she refused to pay and
sentence was suspended. EHsha J. Keeney, who was chief
of police in 1856 and 1859, died May 11, 1874.

In the early summer of 1875 several burglaries were
committed here, and in one case, where the house was not
entered, the thief climbed a tree in the yard, and with a
fishing-pole, line and hook caught a watch from the bedside
of a sleeping man. The robberies were finally traced to one
probable culprit, John Clark, a desperado who had committed
numerous crimes, and on the 3d of July officer Kavanagh
undertook to arrest him at a lumber pile on Atkinson street,
where he had been seen to hide something the clay before
and where he returned on the day mentioned. Clark
was not the man to surrender peaceably and he shot the
policeman, not fatally but disabling him, then ran over the
canal bridge and turned into Waverley place. As he did so
he was stopped by John Trevor, a bank watchman, who came
out of his house on hearing the report. Seeing no other way
of escape, Clark drew another pistol and shot Trevor, but the
latter, though wounded so badly that he died two days later,
hung on to the murderer till other officers came up and
secured him. Clark was tried in September, convicted and
sentenced to be hanged on November 5 ; his counsel, William
F. Howe, the celebrated criminal lawyer of New York, made
desperate efforts to secure a new trial, going in vain before
six Supreme court judges in different parts of the state to
obtain a stay of proceedings, and after a reprieve of two
weeks Clark was executed on the 19th of November, without
having lost his nerve for a single moment from the beginning,
the bravest man, though one of the worst, that ever faced
death in the jail of Monroe county.

The year of 1876 was marked by three homicides, every

126

History of Police Department

one of them a cold-blooded murder. Louis Gommeiiginger,
a faithful member of the police force, was shot by Fairbanks,
whom he was trying to arrest ; Joseph Fryer, a porter employed
at the Whitcomb House, was killed by Stillman, and Catherine
Boorman, near Hanford's Landing, was put to death by Victor
Smith. All the murderers escaped the gallows, the first
two getting life imprisonment because they had prepared

Photo by J. W. Taylor

Charles C. Alt
Sergeant 2d Precinct

themselves for their work by getting crazed with drink, and
the third shooting himself in jail and dying a few days later.
At about noon, in bright sunshine, 011 the 12th of
October, 1878, twenty-four prisoners, most of whom were
burglars, escaped from the jail by breaking a hole through
the cell of one of them into the dungeon and another hole
from that into the yard ; eight were recaptured the next day,
and most of the others afterward ; many persons thought

Rochester, New York 127

that they took a good deal of needless trouble in getting out
of so dilapidated a structure.

Nothing important in our line occurred in 1880 except
the shooting, on March 6, of Wallace Rice, an inoffensive
man, by Robert Jarrard, a young lawyer who was frantic with
drink. As the shot was not fatal — though it was meant to
be, for the ball entered just above the heart — the would-be
murderer was released on bail and very properly hung himself
in his own house three days later.

In the early part of 1882 there were many extensive
strikes among the workingmen, the most important of which
took place in the Cunningham carriage factory, where the
employees took that means of redressing some alleged
grievances of which they had complained in vain. Of four
hundred and fifty workmen, four hundred went out on the
28th of January, the others remaining and nearly a hundred
more of non-union men coming in. All through February
the strikers were peaceable, but on the 1st of March, their
funds being nearly exhausted, they resorted to violence and
attacked the non-union men in the street, as they were
returning from work ; the next day there were more ferocious
assaults and some bloodshed, though no one was killed. The
police force being unable to preserve the peace where so
large a number were engaged in breaking it, the sheriff
interfered and maintained order for the next two ! days, after
which, by the intervention of the mayor, a compromise was
effected and the men returned to work.

No braver officer than Patrick H. Sullivan was ever
on the police force of this or any other city. Born near
Killarney, in Ireland, he came, when a child, to Rochester
with his parents. A notable athlete in his early life, he was
known as one of the best skaters in the city and one of the
first base ball players in the country. His occupation was
that of a boat carpenter and caulker, and in that capacity he
worked for some time in Louisiana, having gone from
Pittsburg to New Orleans in a row boat. Returning to this
city he joined the fire department and soon became foreman
of old Cataract number 4. In 1861 he went on the police
force, where he served one year and in August, 1862, enlisted

I2,S History of Police Department

as first lieutenant in Captain Dowling's company of the
One Hundred and Fortieth regiment, succeeding that officer
on the resignation of Dowling a little later. During the
war he not only made a record for general good conduct as a
soldier but distinguished himself on various occasions for his
remarkable intrepidity ; besides which he found time to write
home several interesting letters for the daily press, over the

Photo by J. W. Taylor

Jacob H. Klein
Sergeant 3d Precinct

signature of "True Blue." Coming back in 1864, he was
for one year chief of the fire department, in which he
maintained his reputation for almost reckless bravery by
rescuing persons from burning buildings at the risk of his
life. He went on the force again in 1865, and in 1866 was
made captain of the night police. Consumption attacked
him a little later, and, though he made the most strenuous
efforts for some years to throw off the disease by going to

Rochester, New York 129

Colorado and elsewhere on long furloughs, he finally
succumbed on the 9th of October, 1882.

The unreliability of circumstantial evidence was never
more clearly shown than in the case of the murder of Jacob
Lutz, an old man who lived in a house on the River road,
about two miles south of the rapids. On the morning of
October 20, 1883, John Baker, his son-in-law, went to the
place and found young Jacob Lutz, the only other occupant
of the house with his father, lying in the woodshed and
bleeding from wounds in the head. The boy told Baker that
a man named John Kelly, who lived near by, had murdered
his father and had then tried to kill him as he was endeavoring
to escape from the house. On entering, the body of the old
man was found, lying in bed, with his skull crushed, evidently
by one of his own boots that was on the floor, the heel
covered with clotted blood and hair. Kelly was arrested,
the stains on his clothing which looked like blood were not
satisfactorily accounted for and his previous record, for he
had been in Auburn for burglary, was against him. It was
those things that caused his conviction at- least as much as
the boy's story, for, though the latter adhered on the trial to
his original statement, his narrative was not quite clear and
was open to a good deal of doubt. Kelly was sentenced to
be hanged, but a new trial was granted, in which it was pretty
clearly proven that he was- elsewhere at the time, that the
deed was committed by two men (neither of whom was ever
discovered) and that it was, on the part of the boy, a case of
mistaken identity. Kelly was acquitted on the 8th of
March, 1885, and was killed in a railroad accident a few
years afterward.

On the 1st of January, 1 884, Jacob Howe, sr. , died ; he was
a member of the first board of police commissioners. On
May 20, Asa Dubois, a waiter at the Powers Hotel, shot and
killed Reuben Crutchfield, another negro, at the corner of
Caledonia avenue and Tremont street, in a quarrel over the
wife of the latter ; on his trial he pleaded guilty of man-
slaughter in the second degree and was sent to Auburn for
three years. The affair did not excite more than a temporary
interest, for the thoughts of most people were absorbed in the

no

History of Police Department

coming celebration. On the 9th and 10th of June the city
observed its fiftieth birthday — in fact, it began to do so the
day before, which was Sunday, for the Rev. Dr. Tryon
Edwards, then settled at Gouverneur, delivered on that
morning at the First Presbyterian church the same sermon
that he had preached at his installation there just fifty years
before. On Monday, at the stroke of noon, the city hall bell

Photo by J. W. Taylor

John H. Sherwood
Sergeant 3d Precinct

gave the intelligence tha.. the birthday had begun ; the
booming of the first minute gun answered back the stroke, and
for the next hour the air vibrated with the mingled noises
of bell and cannon and ecclesiastic chime and shrill steam
whistles. In the afternoon literary exercises were held in the
large room of the city hall, Mayor Parsons making the
opening address and the venerable Dr. Shaw offering a short
prayer, after which orations were delivered by Charles E.
Fitch and George Raines, a poem was recited by the Rev.

Rochester, New York 131

Joseph A. Ely, a congratulatory telegram from the town clerk
of Rochester, England, was read and remarks were made by
Mayor Low of Brooklyn and Mayor Smith of Philadelphia.
But Tuesday was the festal day ; it was ushered in by a
sunrise salute, and from that hour till after dark the city was
a scene of joyful yet well-controlled hilarity. The police
commissioners had sworn in one hundred extra policemen,
but the precaution was unnecessary, for there was not the
slightest occasion for their services. In the morning Governor
Cleveland and his staff, together with Mayor Edson of New
York city, arrived in a special car and were escorted by all
the militia companies to the Powers Hotel, where a reception
was held in the rotunda. At noon a salute of fifty guns was
the signal for all the stores to close, but long before that the
city had begun to fill up with countless thousands from the
surrounding country, who had come in to see the lavish
decorations of the buildings and to witness the procession in
the afternoon. That was led by the police — those in front
mounted, the others on foot — and after them the military, a
great many secret societies, an inconceivable number of other
organisations, the fire department and an almost endless array
of wagons representing the different trades and industries, the
whole forming the finest parade that was ever seen in this
part of the state. In this way, closing with a grand banquet
in the evening, Rochester celebrated its semi-centennial and
entered upon the next half century of its existence.

CHAPTER XIII

The Second Half-Century

Changes in the Force — Mysterious Falsehood of a
Suicide — The Bank Forgeries — Erection of the
Present Jail — Murder near Avon — Alibi Estab-
lished by Burglary — The Gorham Street Riot —
The Stone Murder — The O'Neil Murder — The
Street Car Strike — The Shooting of Stoddard
— The Day Murder — Plenty of other Murders
— The Third Court-House — Laying the Corner-
stone — Description of the Building — Police
Headquarters — Dorthy's Career — The Jury Com-
missioner — The Smith Murder.

Turning- again to the records of the commissioners we
find that in January, 1885, the board concluded to comply
with the Civil Service law and directed the clerk to ask of
the examiners " a list of all persons passing and competent
for policemen," which list was sent in to them two weeks
later. They endeavored afterward to induce the state civil
service commission to amend the regulations so as to allow of
the selection of policemen from the whole list of those who
had passed the examination and were rated as eligible, instead
of confining the choice to the first three, but they were unable
to obtain the relief sought. In April of that year Captain
Cleary was detailed to act as day captain, Captain Keith as
night captain. A few days later Chief McLean resigned and
Captain Cleary was appointed to the position, Lieut. Charles
McCormick being made captain, to fill the vacancy. The
Protective Police and Fire Patrol company having been
formed shortly before this, eight men were in May sworn in
as special policemen, with the understanding that their salary

Rochester, NewYork

'33

should be paid by the company. Early in 1886 the city was
divided into four precincts, and in April the following-named
were designated as the officers of the department : Chief of
police, Cleary ; captain and assistant chief, McCormick ; night
captain, Keith; first precinct, Lieut. McDermott; second,
Lieut. Baird; third, Lieut. Allen; fourth, Lieut. Furtherer;
detectives, Hayden, Kavanagh, Lauer, Dukelow, Lynch and

Photo by J. W. Taylor

Cari, I,. Shepard
Sergeant 4th Precinct

Long ; office man and detective, Burchill ; special detective
at New York Central depot, Baker; special detective at the
other depots, Roworth ; court officer and interpreter, Marzluff ;
turnkey, Hyland ; janitor, Markey. In May Richard Patter-
son was sworn in as special policeman to drive the patrol
wagon at the time of labor difficulties. Officer Marzluff
having died, officer Lauer was appointed court interpreter in
March, 1887; officer Frank S. Skuse was assigned to lieuten-

154 History of Police Department

ant's duty, and in June officer Hayden was designated chief
of detectives.

In November the force was augmented by the appoint-
ment of twenty-five additional men, in conformity with a
resolution of the Common Council authorising the increase,
and a more important step was taken in the creation of the
office of police matron, whose duty it should be to make all

Photo bg J. W. Taylor

Armand J. McGuire
Sergeant 4th Precinct

searches of female prisoners and to have general charge of
them. Mrs. Addie DeStaebler was appointed to the position,
which she has held to this day. In November, 1888, Dr. S. A.
Pierce was appointed police surgeon; in June, 1891, Dr. R. C.
Cartwright was appointed in his place. In July, 1889, officer
Samuel Schwartz was appointed lieutenant ; in January, 1890,
officer Ryan was assigned to night lieutenant duty, and a year
later officer Zimmerman was made a lieutenant. At a meet-

Rochester, New York

■35

ing in February, 1892, there is entered on the minutes a
letter from District-Attorney Benton, eulogistic of detective
Roworth, who had died on the 17th of the December previous,
and who for some time before that had been detailed to the
district-attorney's office. In February, 1893, J. C. Hayden
was re-appointed chief of detectives and was also designated
assistant superintendent of police, Chief Cleary having for
several years borne the title of superintendent ; Lieutenant
McDermott was appointed day captain, in place of Captain
McCormick, deceased ; Lieutenant Schwarz was made day
lieutenant and officer Stetson was appointed lieutenant on
night duty. In April, 1894, Lieutenant Baird was appointed
night captain, in May officer Sherman was made a lieutenant,
in June detective Furtherer was designated a day lieutenant.
In March, 1896, Mayor Warner, as president of the board,
presented a new set of instructions regarding the powers and
duties of officers, which were adopted and ordered distribute i
among the force. In May of that year two officers (increased
to four a year later) were detailed to ride on bicycles, princi-
pally for the purpose of enabling them to enforce the city
ordinance regarding rapid wheeling. Officer Russ was
appointed lieutenant in February, 1899. On the 29th of
December in that year the meeting was adjourned sine die,
the board having been legislated out of office, as will appear
in the next chapter. So we will close the last volume of the
long record of their proceedings for nearly thirty-five years,
and see what has been done outside of the office.

In the last week of 1884 two burglaries were committed
in Brockport, on Sunday morning, one hundred and fifty
dollars being stolen. Three suspicious-looking persons had
been seen loitering about the village a few days before that,
and a description of them was sent to police headquarters in
this city. The next day two detectives, dropping in at
Breakey's hotel, on West avenue, saw three men who looked
like those described and requested them to go to the police
office, which they did without objection. Arriving there, one
of them gave his name as George Clark ; the other two said
that they were brothers, Albert J. Brown and Frank Brown.
While the last two were being searched, the other, remarking

1,6

History of Police Department

that he would take some cough mixture, put his hand to his
pocket, drew a pistol and, before he could be prevented, shot
himself and fell to the floor, the blood streaming from the
wound in his forehead. He died a few hours later, at the
City hospital, but, before the end came, he made a sworn
statement before Coroner Sharpe that his name was George
Clark, and that he and his companions, the Brown brothers,

Photo by J. W.

Henry T. McAxester
Sergeant 5th Precinct

had committed the burglary at Brockport, of which he gave
the details with considerable minuteness, besides which he
narrated some particulars of his life, saying that he had a wife
and three children living at Weedsport. On the second day
after that, officer McCormick went to Weedsport and made
the astounding discovery that the three persons had slept at
the hotel there on the night before the Brockport burglary

Rochester, NewYork 137

and had stayed there through the morning, taking the train
late in the afternoon, so that they could not possibly have
been engaged in that robbery, and furthermore Clark had no
wife or child living in Weedsport. News of the strange
affair having been telegraphed over the state, the chief of
police of Glens Falls came on here and identified the so-called
Brown brothers, who had been detained here in jail, as William
and Joseph Davis, who had committed a burglary at that
place some years before, and they were turned over to that
officer to be carried back for trial. Police officials from West
Troy and from Clinton prison also came on here, looked at
the body of the so-called Clark and identified it positively as
that of William Herrick, a desperate criminal who had served
twenty years' time at Dannemora and was well known in the
eastern part of the state. His ante-mortem statement has
always remained an insoluble mystery. That he should have
given a false name was not so strange, but to amuse himself
by making up a tissue of falsehoods and swearing to them,
almost in the hour of death, seemed an unaccountable thing,
and, above all, to accuse himself and his companions of com-
mitting a crime of which they were absolutely innocent, that
passed all understanding. The only suggestion of an explana-
tion — and it is nothing else — lies in the supposition that he
had committed a murder somewhere and thought that the
safest place for him to hide would be within the walls of a
state prison.

In 1885 there was a long strike at the foundries, which,
kept about six hundred men out of work from the end of
April ,to the 9th of August, when the matter was settled by
arbitration ; while the difficulty was its height the strikers
were so violent in their murderous assaults upon those who
chose to labor that the commissioners afforded police protec-
tion to the workmen at the Co-operative foundry and the Sill
stove works. In August of that year two men came to this
city and took up their residence here, giving the names of
James W. Conklin and George Edwards. One of them estab-
lished a line of credit at the Commercial bank and the other
at the Flour City bank by the deposit of drafts, afterward dis-
covered to be forged, on the Banque du Penple, of Montreal.

138 History or Police Department

On attempting to draw $2,500 at each of the banks against
the deposit, they got the money from the Flour City, but the
Commercial declined to pay. They left Rochester the same
day and afterward operated in several western cities, turning
up finally in New York city, where one of them, Joseph
Elliott, the leader of a gang of the most skillful forgers in the
country, was arrested, together. with George Wilkes, the man

Photo' by J. W. Taylor

Juuus T. Luscher
Sergeant $ih Precinct

who actually did the work with the pen, though he never
appeared in public, and turned over to detective Hayden,
who went down after them. That was in March of 1886, and
two months later the detective went down there again and
brought back George Edwards. Elliott, who was the man
who had posed here as Conklin, was indicted for forgery,
and Edwards was accepted by the prosecution as its principal
witness on the trial, which was held in May; Elliott was

Rochester, New Yoi

'59

promptly convicted — it being shown that Edwards was only
his tool, though, as a matter of fact, it was Edwards who
really drew the cash at the Flour City bank, which the other
failed to do at the Commercial — and was sent to Auburn for
fifteen years ; Wilkes was not indicted, but Edwards was
arraigned a little later and got five years of imprisonment.

Monroe county got a comparatively decent jail at last in
this year, the present one, standing on Exchange street, being
completed and occupied for the first time on October 4 ; it
cost, besides $30,000 for the lot, $56,419.91. On the 28th of
that month Emory Thayer, a farmer living in the town of
Avon, Livingston county, was aroused from sleep by two
burglars, by one of whom he was shot dead. Circumstances
pointed strongly to the guilt of two men named Edward
Bowman and Frank Squiers, who were arrested, and, as the
only means of escaping the halter, Squires confessed that
both of them were, on the night in question, engaged in the
robbery of a freight car at Honeoye Falls, thereby proving
an alibi. Released on the more serious charge, Bowman
was tried for the other offense and, on the evidence of his
companion, sent to Auburn for five years.

Michael Hyland died on the 19th of April, 1887, after
having been for some time the oldest living policeman in the
city. He was born near Dublin, Ireland, December 1, 1819,
emigrated with his parents to Canada when eleven months
old and came to Rochester when sixteen years of age. A
blacksmith by trade, he followed that calling till 1850, when
he was appointed a policeman, rising to be captain of the
watch in 1852. He never did duty as a day officer, but was
always on the night force, and in the course of his service
was assigned to every beat in the city until his appointment
as night keeper of the station, in which capacity he spent
the latter years of his life. The labor troubles of the previous
year were renewed in the early part of the summer, extending
to the street laborers, who were riotous on several occasions,
the worst being on Gorham street on the 27th of June, when
the strikers attacked the peaceful diggers in an excavation.
The police were called out to protect the workmen, when the
strikers turned on the officers and stoned them, injuring three

140

History of Police Department

quite severely ; the police then fired on the mob, wounding a
number of them. Some of the ringleaders were arrested, but
they were not sentenced till May of the following year, when
Karl Bashe, the principal one, was condemned to pay three
hundred dollars or serve as many days ; the others got off
with lighter penalties.

Photo by J. W. Taylor

Peter Lauer
Iniei'preter .

When Alonzo A. Stone, who lived on Hayward avenue,
on the outskirts of the city, went home on the evening of
August 16, 1887, he looked in vain for some time for his
wife, Ada Stone, and at last was horrified to find her dead
body in the cellar, with limbs distorted, showing that a
struggle had taken place before she was overpowered. There
was a bad wound on the forehead, but the woman's death was
due to strangulation, caused by a flour sack being tied
tightly around her neck. The work was apparently done by

Rochester, New You 141

a tramp, and the police, proceeding on that supposition, sent
out word in all directions, which resulted in the arrest at
Canandaigua, on the following day, of a man who gave his
name as Edward Sheldon and who was brought here and
locked up. That fact was kept a profound secret from all
but those directly concerned, so that when the coroner's jury
met it found a verdict of death from the hands of some person
unknown. Two weeks later the prisoner, who had been .
kept in jail all the time, admitted that his real name was
Edward Alonzo Deacons and confessed that he committed
the murder. His story was that he had stopped at the house
while Mrs. Stone was there alone, had asked for food, had
been refused and pushed from the door, which made him
angry, so that he struck Mrs. Stone and had then, to prevent
her giving the alarm, choked her, but did it harder than he
meant to, so that he unintentionally caused her death. Only
a part of that narrative was true, for it was proved afterward
that he had attempted to assault her and had deliberately
murdered her. He was arraigned in the police court, tried,
convicted and hanged in the new jail on the 10th of July,
1888, the first person to suffer there, and the last, for, before
the turn of the next one came, electricity had taken the place
of the rope, and death must be met only in a state prison.

Besides the many whose bodies were found, in the water
or elsewhere, there were thirteen known suicides in the city
in 1888 — those of John Fitzgerald, of James Grinder, who
threw himself in front of a locomotive after attempting to
kill his wife ; of Harry H. Stewart of Hastings, Ontario,
at the Powers Hotel ; of Everest W. Mills, a sixteen-year-old
boy ; of Mason W. Peake, of William Attridge, of a stranger
by jumping from the steamer City of Rochester, of Andrew
Hauser, of Nicholas Engler, who had murdered a man in
Holley twelve years before ; of Emil Schlinger, of William
Wicks, of Benjamin Eandlaw, of J. J. O'Byrne and of George
A. Hart. On the 29th of December officer William P. O'Neil
undertook to arrest William Manley, living on Penn street,
who had been complained of as a dangerous person to be at
laro-e and one whose legal sanity should be inquired into.
Manley tripped up the officer and escaped, but O'Neil hailed a

142

History of Police Department

passing wagon, pursued him, jumped out and was just about
to seize him when Manley fired a pistol at him, point blank,
the bullet penetrating and lacerating the bowels. In the
difficult and delicate operation that followed, of cutting out
the injured part of the intestine and sewing together the
severed ends, no less than seven surgeons participated, and it
looked for several hours as though the patient would recover,

Photo by J, W. Taylor

Edward O'Loughlin
Detective

but he sank gradually and died the next morning. Manley
was arraigned for murder and was ably defended by A. J.
Rodenbeck, the defense being insanity. He was adjudged
insane and was committed to the asylum.

The year of 1889 was marked by a prolonged strike of
the street car drivers, which was begun on the 3d of April
and was not declared off till the 1st of June, though many of
the old hands went back to work some time before that.

Rochester, New York I43\

__\

During the first week there was almost a complete tie-up of
all the lines, then some other drivers were brought in and
cars began to run on the principal thoroughfares, though they
had to be preceded, on Main street at least, by a line of police
extending from curb to curb. Rioting followed naturally
the worst being on North Clinton street, on April 13, when
the police were savagely assaulted and several were severely!
hurt. The trouble probably hastened the sale of the old
horse car company, which took place in November of that
year, to the present company, which changed the system to
the electric as rapidly as possible, doing away with some of
the evils complained of and lessening greatly the danger of
future strikes. On the 12th of November the treasurer of
the Genesee Falls loan association reported to the police that
his safe had been robbed of some two thousand dollars
belonging to the association, the receipts of the meeting on
the previous night. The loss was made good by the treasurer
and his bondsmen, among them, so the association did not
suffer and nothing more was done about it.

During the year Thomas Moulson, an ice dealer, forged
paper to the extent of twenty thousand dollars and fled
sonthward. He was tracked by detective Hayden, then chief
of that bureau, to Charleston, S. C, and thence to Cuba ;
being followed to Havana he returned to this country, with
the detective on his heels, who arrested him at a small place
in Florida ; he was brought back to this city, tried and
convicted, but his brothers took care of the forged paper, and
sentence, though imposed, was suspended on account of his
age ; he died a year later. At the close of the year the board
of excise commissioners, mindful of the general dissatisfaction
over the indiscriminate granting of licenses, called upon the
various police authorities to meet with them "for the purpose
of taking such action as may be deemed necessary for the
best interests of the public." Police Justice Keeler refused
to appear at " the farce," as he called it, stating that the
board had licensed numbers of persons who had served terms
in Auburn state prison or the penitentiary, though the law
expressly required them to issue licenses to persons of good
moral character only. The police commissioners seem to

1 44 History of Police Departheht

have paid no attention to the matter. Though there were no
more suicides in the city than in the previous year, the
number of those in adjacent towns was sufficient to run the
list up to twenty-seven for the whole county, the different
methods employed being hanging, eleven ; poisoning, six ;
drowning, three ; cutting throat, two ; jumping from building,
two; shooting, two; setting fire to clothing, one.

Photo by J. W. Taylor

John P. McDonald
Detective

Samuel Stoddard lived in a house back of the residence
of detective Thomas Lynch. On the 8th of May, 1890,
Stoddard sawed off a portion of the high board fence which
stood between the premises and which Lynch had erected on
his own ground. The next day he continued the depredation,
and the officer, as the only means of stopping it, stepped over
to arrest him. Stoddard took up the ax that was lying on the
ground, retreated to his house and attempted to close the
door, which Lynch prevented by interposing his foot,

Rochester, New York 145

whereupon Stoddard raised the weapon, with the undoubted
intention of killing the officer, for he was well known
throughout the neighborhood as a desperate character, ever
ready with the pistol or other instrument of death. Lynch,
to defend himself, drew his revolver and fired, but the bullet
did not reach the one for whom it was intended, for
unfortunately Mrs. Stoddard got in the way and her life paid
the forfeit. Instead of ceasing his attack when his wife lay
dead at his feet, Stoddard again menaced the officer with the
ax, who, after dodging one or two of the blows, fired again
and his enemy was instantly killed. Lynch was exonerated
by the coroner's jury the next day, but, in spite of that, the
grand jury afterward found three indictments against him ;
he was tried for murder in the second degree but was acquitted,
on the ground of self-defense, on the 23d of September.

A frightful tragedy occurred in July, not in Rochester, to
be sure, but its connection with this city will be seen. The
wife of Arthur H. Day — a worthless fellow, who had been
arrested many times for petty crimes — complained at the
police station that her husband had, when marrying her,
another wife. Day was soon found, arrested and locked up
on a charge of bigamy, but no trace could be found of his
first wife, though she, too, was known at headquarters, from
her having complained of her husband more than once. As
it seemed probable that there had been foul play somewhere,
Day was closely questioned on the subject and finally
admitted that some two weeks before that, on Sunday, July
27, he and his first wife (whose name was Desire, or Deseriah),
accompanied by his sister, Mrs. Quigley, had gone to Niagara
Falls and that, while there, his wife had left the party and he
had not seen her since. The next step was to arrest Mrs.
Quigley, who, after telling at first the same story as her
brother, broke down completely and said that Arthur had
pushed his wife over the precipice. She consented, without
much opposition, to accompany Chief Hayden and detective
Furtherer to the Falls and point out the exact spot where the
crime was committed. When she reached the locality she
said : " Over there lies the body of Arthur Day's wife," and
immediately fainted away, accounting afterward for her swoon

History of Police Department

by saying that a mist rose before her eyes and in the center
of it she saw the form of the murdered woman. The officers
clambered down the bank at that point and found at the bot-
tom the object of their search, the body being badly disfigured
by the terrible fall and partly decomposed. Leaving Mrs.
Quigley in the hands of the Canadian authorities, the officers
returned home. Day, kept in ignorance of what had transpired,

Photo by J. W. Taylor

Whliam F. Maguire
Detective

was simply told that a body had been found at the Falls and
of his own free will he accompanied detective Furtherer to
the Canadian village to identify the remains. He was there
confronted with his sister, whose reluctant testimony sealed
his fate ; he was promptly indicted by the grand jury at
Welland, Ontario, was tried, convicted and hanged there on
the 1 8th of December.

For several Sundays in the first half of the year, beginnino-
with April 13, the saloons were actually closed and kept
closed, by order of Mayor Carroll, showing that the thing was

Rochester, New York 147

perfectly feasible. On the 22d of May Abram Bogardus,
superintendent of mails, was sentenced to three years in the
Albany penitentiary for stealing letters containing money ;
he was pardoned by President Harrison a year later. On
July 28th the coal office of Martin Barron was entered for the
purpose of robbery and Mr. Barron, who was there, was
frightfully beaten ; his assailant, John Calihan, got ten years
at Auburn. Ex-Coroner Daniel A. Sharpe was knocked down
by two ruffians on the 25th of August and died a week later ;
Stephen McConnell was arrested for it, but got off with a fine
of fifty dollars, it being shown that Sharpe's death was due to
heart disease, aggravated by the assault. On the 20th of
November Moses S. Marks secured twenty-five thousand
dollars by forging the name of William A. Waters, cashier
of the Flour City bank, to a telegraphic order on a New York
bank, but he was captured at Utica the same evening, with
all but three hundred and fifty dollars of the stolen money in
his possession. The death of two ex-police commissioners
occurred during the year — Henry S. Hebard, on March n,
and George G. Cooper, on September 8. There were nineteen
suicides in the county — poisoning, four ; shooting, three ;
hanging, three ; severing arteries, two ; jumping off bridges,
two ; drowning, two ; strangulation, suffocation and cutting
throat, one each.

John H. Miller, who lived on Hudson park, was in the
habit of getting drunk and abusing his family. On the night
of January 21, 1891, he came home, far gone in that condition ;
his son, John E. Miller, reproached him for being so, and the
father, becoming infuriated, stabbed the young man five times
with a pocket-knife, so that he died at the City hospital the
next morning. Miller was indicted for murder in the second
degree. His case was called for trial on the 1st of April, but,
on the report of three physicians that Miller was insane, Judge
Adams ordered the trial suspended and committed the accused
to the Buffalo insane asylum.

While a funeral was going on in St. Patrick's cathedral,
on May 26, two men were arrested in the throng as they were
endeavoring to ply their trade as pickpockets. On being
taken to the station they were soon identified as Harry King

M S

History of Police Department

and James McCaffrey, two of the most notorious crooks and
sneak thieves in the country. Their record being against
them they were railroaded to prison, for in less than a month
the iron doors at Dannemora closed upon them, with a
sentence of four years and two months each. On June 6
James Hughes, master workman of the united garment
workers in this city, was convicted of extortion in squeezing

Photo by J. W. Taylor

Wiluam H. Bauer
Detective

money out of clothing manufacturers by threatening to order
a strike ; sentenced to one year in the penitentiary ; case
appealed and carried through all the courts of the state, but
the conviction was affirmed and he served his term. Charles
Pscherhofer, from Budapest, passed himself off here as an
Austro-Hungarian count, and in that guise he succeeded in
robbing Mrs. Barbara Heinlein of one thousand dollars
by selling her worthless Austrian bonds. Leaving here
immediately afterward, he made his way through Mexico and

Rochester, New York 149

California to Portland, Oregon, where he was arrested on the
request of Chief Cleary, and detective Hayden brought him
back here. He was sentenced to Auburn for five years and
eight months ; getting out in two years' less time than that
for good behavior, he went to California again and soon got
into trouble for crooked real estate transactions.

There was a repetition, on the nth of July, of the Miller
tragedy, except that the wife, not the son, was the victim of
a drunken man's fiendish hate. Joseph L,. Tice (or Theis),
living on North Goodman street, was sent to the penitentiary
for a month, on complaint of his wife Agnes, for intoxication
and abuse. After gaining his liberty he hunted her up and
deliberately murdered her, stabbing her five times with a
large pocket-knife. He was convicted December 3, sentenced
a week later to be executed on the 18th of January ; before
that time the case was appealed, the judgment was confirmed,
he was re-sentenced in March and executed May 18. Gabriel
Kuhn got five years at Auburn, November 23, for assaulting
his wife with a pistol, shooting her, but not fatally. Among
the inmates of a small boarding-house on Pinnacle avenue
were Charles Demico, an Italian ; Jacob Wolfschlager, a Ger-
man, and a woman, of doubtful nationality, who had been
married, first to the German and then to the Italian, whom she
preferred and who was indeed the better man of the two. On
December 23 Demico was found dead in bed, with his throat
cut from ear to ear. Wolfschlager was arrested and, although
he insisted that the Italian had committed suicide, was tried
for murder in the following March. The jury, after being
out for twenty-four hours, brought in a verdict of guilty of
murder in the second degree — evidently a compromise
judgment, which did not reflect the opinion of a single juror
— and the prisoner was sentenced to hard labor at Auburn for
life. The number of suicides reported in the county during
the year was twenty-one — seven by drowning, five by poison,
three by hanging, three by cutting the throat, two by shooting
and one by cutting an artery.

Early in April, 1892, houses on Monroe avenue and
Alexander street were entered by burglars and the next day
two men were arrested for the acts, who proved to be noted

History of Police Department

criminals. Their great reluctance to be photographed and
their grimaces to prevent accurate likenesses from being
secured were easily explained by the fact that when their
pictures were sent to police departments throughout the
country it was found that one of them, who had given his
name as James T. Harris, was really James T. Wood, who
had committed a murder in Maryland a year before that, while

Photo by J. W. Taylor '

William J. Scanlan
Detective

burglarising a residence. Before his identity became known,
he and his partner made a desperate effort to escape from the
jail here, but they were unsuccessful. After Wood had served
three years at Auburn for the Rochester burglary he was
taken back to Maryland.

Charles F. Underhill flourished here for some years as
president of the Flour City Life association, but in May he
was convicted, after a prolonged trial, of forgery in attempting
to defraud the concern and was sentenced to four years and

Roche s-ter, NfwYork 151

eight months of imprisonment ; was released on bail, pending
appeal, and the case dragged on for nearly two years, when
the judgment was confirmed by the general term, but was
overruled by the Court of Appeals. D. D. T. Moore, who
was elected mayor in 1865 and who was president of the
board of police commissioners during its first year, died in
New York on the 3d of June. On September 1 there was
almost a general jail delivery, resulting in the escape of seven
of the inmates, headed by Clarence F. Tear, a well-known
criminal, who had obtained a false key by means of which he
unlocked the cell doors of himself and the others ; once
outside they scattered to different parts of the country, but
the large reward that was offered caused all of them to be
recaptured eventually, except Tear, the ringleader, who has
not been heard of since. In December John H. Keefe, a
lawyer of this city, was sentenced to one year in the
penitentiary for grand larceny.

In January, 1893, eighteen of the principal coal dealers
in the city, members of the Rochester Coal exchange, were
indicted for conspiring together to prevent fair competition
in the sale of coal here, the indictment stating that " not
being content with the ordinary rates and prices which they
and other persons were accustomed to receive, they did
contrive and intend, unlawfully, unjustly and oppressively,
to increase the price of coal." The trial was a protracted
one and was a failure, the jury being equally divided, but the
exchange was thereby broken up. Captain Charles E.
McCormick, one of the veterans on the force and an officer
of distinguished ability, died January 31 ; he was born at
Trenton, Ontario, March 31, 1838, and came to this city in
1845 ; in early life he was connected with different hotels,
first as a bell boy, then as porter, then as clerk at the Brackett
House and at Congress Hall ; when the force was reorganised,
in 1865, he was one of the first twenty-five officers sworn in
and served continuously thereafter, as patrolman, roundsman,
detective, day captain and assistant chief or superintendent.

An Englishman named Charles Young gave the police a
good deal of trouble in this year by various misdeeds ; his
occupation was that of a saloon broker, selling a saloon and

'5 =

History of Police Department

its fixtures, partly for cash, partly on time, taking the property
when the purchasers failed to pay up and then shooting at
them when they came back to get what belonged to them ;
indicted, bailed, fled and returned to England ; followed by
District-Attorney Forsyth and a deputy sheriff to bring him
back, but he was wanted over there for swindling, and was
imprisoned for several months ; when his term expired he

Photo by J. W. Taylor

William Whaley
Detective

was brought back on extradition papers for assault in first
degree ; tried in April, 1894, and convicted of assault in
second degree ; was sentenced to four years and nine months
in Auburn ; after being taken there the general term decided
that his conviction was illegal, as it was for a crime different
from the one for which he was extradited ; he was therefore
released at once and again returned to England ; three months
later he tried to kill a man there ; was sent to Portland
prison, attempted to escape and was shot dead by the guard in
February, 1895 ; a satisfactory end of his career, to all but one

Rochester, New York 153

On Sunday, May 28, Herman J. Theis was so badly
pounded in his own saloon by Patrick O'Hara that he died
five days later ; O'Hara was tried for manslaughter but
acquitted on the ground of self-defense. A person whose
identity has never been revealed repaid to the German
insurance company four thousand dollars which he said had
been wrongfully obtained from it. In September the wretched
set of buildings known as Murderers' Row, on Exchange
street, near Spring, were ordered to be demolished, as a
menace to public health by reason of filthy and ruinous
condition ; a large number of crimes had been perpetrated
there during the previous years, including the shooting of
Joseph Smith, an Englishman, by Harry Gaul, a negro, who
was sent to state prison for life and soon died there. Heavy
sentences were given to wrong-doers in this year, such as
twelve years in prison, imposed upon an old artist named
John Hutchins, for rape, and ten years given to Charles H.
Brozee for wrecking a train near Fisher's Station. The
suicides of the year were those of Mrs. W. J. McPherson, in
January ; Cortland Annis, in February ; Theodore Deis and
Max Snyder, in March ; Clinton Shoemaker, in April ;
Ferdinand Nowack and Mrs. Mary Orchard, in May ;
Bartholomew Doran (who killed his infant child, tried to
drown his wife and then threw himself in front of a passing
locomotive), in June ; Frank Mesle and Dr. George A. Fisher,
in July ; Morris Greenstone, John E. Combs and Albert
Nitzke, in August ; John B. Dingg and Peter Gumo, in
September ; Mrs. Sarah J. Van Riper, in October, and Albert
H. Bruman, in December.

There were seven homicides in 1894, but in none of
them did the perpetrator meet with capital punishment. On
the 25th of March Spencer Howe, an agent for the United
States express company at Rochester Junction, was stabbed
to death with a stiletto, at that place, in an Italian shanty,
by some one of that nationality ; Nicolo Denardo was tried
for the crime in June but was acquitted. Patrick Gavin
killed Howard D. Abbott in a quarrel at Charlotte, August 1;
indicted for murder but acquitted on the ground of self-
defense. Frank Gallo shot and killed James Bovenzee in a

154

History of Police Department

saloon on West avenue, August 15 ; in the following January
he was tried, convicted and sentenced to die on the 16th of
February, but he obtained a new trial, on which he was
acquitted, June 27, 1896. There were not many suicides,
the most notable ones being those of William Daningburgh,
a former coroner, by inhaling gas ; Frederick Hall by
hanging, John B. Dougherty by taking laudanum, Mrs.

Photo by J. W. Taylor

John W. Nagle
Detective

William Pruce by cutting her throat, James M. Marriott,
E. H. Parmalee and Mrs. Celia Fowler.

Captain William Keith, one of the best officers on the
force, died on the 28th of March. He was born at Edinburgh,
Scotland, in 1837, and passed his boyhood in Phelps, Ontario
county, and Penfield., in this county, in which latter place he
had a blacksmith shop, where he practised that callino- for
many years. At the outbreak of the rebellion he enlisted in
the Eighth New York cavalry, serving with honor and

Rochester, New York 155

distinction until the close of the war. He was appointed a
policeman on July 1,1871, and was for many years a roundsman
on Main street; in 1881 he was appointed lieutenant of the
first precinct, and in 1883 was made night captain, which
position he filled at the time of his death. On May 19th
the excise commissioners raised the price of saloon licenses
from fifty dollars to $125.

The Fourth of July was celebrated by laying the
corner-stone of the third and present court-house, with
the full Masonic ritual used on such occasions. Before those
ceremonies took place there were an address by the mayor,
George W. Aldridge ; an invocation by the chaplain,
Rev. W. C. Hubbard ; the reading of the Declaration of
Independence, by James G. Cutler, and an oration, by George
Raines. In the cavity of the corner-stone of the first court-
house, laid in 1821, there had been deposited a parchment
scroll inscribed with statistics relating to the new county,
with a concise statement of the settlement and early history
of the village of Rochester. This document was redeposited
in the corner-stone of the second court-house, laid in 1850,
and with it were placed a great number of articles relating to
the second period and covering the ground between the two,
the whole being placed in a box that was packed as full as it
could hold. When the box was taken out in 1894 it was
found that the writing on the old scroll was still legible,
except in two places, while a large proportion of the more
modern things were practically destroyed by the moisture
that had crept through the stone, the likeness of the faces on
the daguerreotypes being wholly obliterated and the books,
both paper and binding, being reduced to pulp. With as
much of a restoration as possible the articles commemorative
of the first two structures were placed in a metallic casket,
together with books and newspapers emblematic of the time
and descriptive of the previous thirty years, and were deposited
within the corner-stone of the present edifice.

The contract called for its completion by April 1, 1896,
but it was not sufficiently far advanced for occupancy till
June 27 of that year, when the surrogate, George A. Benton,
formally opened it by moving into his office. The building,

156 History of Police Department

which is fire-proof throughout, is vastly larger than either of
its predecessors, with a frontage of one hundred and forty feet
and a depth of one hundred and sixty, coming almost flush
with the sidewalk on West Main street and leaving but little
open space in the rear, between it and the city hall ; with a
high basement and four storeys on the Main street front,
eighty-seven feet in all ; built of New Hampshire granite, all

Photo by J. W, Taylor

Walter G. Barnett
Detective

smooth dressed, and with a heavy cornice of the same stone.
It is Romanesque in general design, with four polished col-
umns on the north front, guarding a vestibule that opens into
a central court covered by a skylight ninety-two feet above
the level of the ground floor ; it is finished within in marble
throughout ; the first floor is used by the county clerk, the
county treasurer and the surrogate ; the trial courts occupy
the second floor, the third is taken up with the general and
special term and the law library, and the fourth is devoted
to the supervisors, the district-attorney, the jury commissioner

Rochester, New York 157

and the grand jury ; the architect was J. Foster Warner and
the contractors were Friederich & Sons. The actual cost of
construction was $719,945.02, besides $110,212.48 for fixtures
and furniture, making $830,157.50, to which may be added
$4°>533-33 P a id for rent during construction and enough
incidental expenses to make, altogether, a bill of $881,560.86
that the county had to pay.

The large and ornamental building for police headquarters,
standing on Exchange street, nearly opposite the jail, was
begun in June, 1894, and completed in that month of 1895 ;
it cost, exclusive of the land on which it stands, sixty-five
thousand dollars ; Herbert W. Pierce was the architect,.
Stallman Brothers were the general contractors. The
basement is devoted to the boiler room and cellars ; on the
first floor are the captain's offices, the assembly room, with
lockers, and the lock-up for males, with twenty-two cells ; the
second floor contains offices for the chief of police and the
director of the detective bureau, the police court room, with
rooms for the judge and the clerk, and also a room for the
detectives, with the " rogues' gallery ;" on the third floor are
the living apartments for the matron, rooms for the detention
of witnesses and the lock-up for females, with thirteen cells ;.
the fourth floor is given up to the police patrol operators, the
gymnasium and the bath-room ; the barn and the stable for
the police patrol are in the' rear of the building. On the 26th
of May Dominick Kearns was killed in Kervin's saloon near
the Rapids, by Egbert H. Chatfield, in a quarrel over the
A. P. A. ; Chatfield was tried in February, 1896, and was
acquitted on the ground of self-defense, the jury being out six
hours and taking nine ballots.

Early in 1896 John F. Dorthy, a lawyer of considerable
practice, began a career which bore many points of
resemblance to that of Charles Young, in that it kept him
constantly before the courts for several years, only he did not
come so much into collision with the police, for his crimes
were marked by craft, rather than violence. He got into the
habit of appropriating to his own use money entrusted to him
by his clients and of cheating people, including his mother-
in-law, by means of forged mortgages. His crookedness

■58

History of Police Department

having been well established, he was disbarred from
professional practice in June of that year and expelled from
membership in the Second Baptist church in September.
Indictments innumerable were found against him, he was
tried repeatedly, convicted almost as often and sentenced to
state prison over and over again, but he kept out of it for
more than four years, fighting the case with appeals and stays

Addie deStaebler
Matron

and injunctions and other legal tricks. At last, on a sentence
of three years and five months, for keeping two hundred and
fifty dollars sent to him by a client to make a settlement, he
was, on the 8th of January, 1901, actually taken to Auburn,
and there he is now. On the 1st of March. Alexander
McLean died. He was born in Caledonia, Livingston county,
in May, 1818 ; was a member of the old police force in 1863
and eleven years later was appointed chief, to succeed Samuel
M. Sherman, holding that position till 1885, when he resio-ned ■
he was a person of much native shrewdness and of great kind-
ness of heart, with all which he was one of the most strict

Rochester, New York [59

disciplinarians that the department ever possessed. In May
Vincent Marquetta was tried for the murder of James Quetta
— both Sicilians — convicted of manslaughter and sentenced
to ten years at Auburn. On September 1 22 the courts decided,
in a case instituted by the Rochester Whist club, that social
clubs must take out licenses. Robert Watt murdered his
brother Andrew, September 24, by stabbing him in an
altercation at the Brown street railroad crossing ; convicted of
manslaughter in the first degree and sentenced to nineteen
years.

In April, 1897, the legislature passed a law of much
importance, creating the office of commissioner of jurors for
Monroe county. Martin W. Cooke, an eminent lawyer of
this city, was appointed to the position on May 8 and held
the office at the time of his death, February 23, 1898, when
he was succeeded by John M. Steele, the present incumbent.
The benefit of this law to the county is very great. It
secures a far better set of men to serve on the juries than ever
before, for, by the examination to which he subjects them,
the commissioner excludes thousands of persons who were
formerly on the list, while at the same time he brings into it
many who could show no reason but their own inclination
for being off the roll, so that the number of those eligible is
now between five and six thousand. Besides that, the law
saves to the county about twelve thousand dollars annually,
for the total expense of the jury system for the year ending
with October of 1902 was $22,975, as against $34,377.20 for
the year before the law went into operation.

Two mysterious murders marked the year 1897. The
first occurred on the night of May 12, when William H. Peart
was killed by some unknown person. Suspicion pointed
strongly toward two or three different people, but there was
not sufficient evidence for an indictment, still less for a
conviction. Nearly five years afterward the widow of
William J. Stokes informed the police that her husband, who
had died recently, had informed her, some time before his
death, that he had done the deed in the course of a quarrel.
The other tragedy took place in Churchville. Of a house in
that village on the night of September 8 the occupants were

100

History of Police Department

Plioto by J. W. Taylor

Patrolmen Assigned to Special Duty

Rochester, New York 161

George A. Smith, aged seventy years, and his wife, together
with Grant Walker, who was Mrs. Smith's nephew, and Mary
New, a nurse taking care of Walker, who was sick. Early in
the morning Miss New wag awakened by hearing groans, and
going down stairs she found Smith lying on the floor, bound
and gagged, with his legs tied to the dining-room table. To
the neighbors who were at once called in Smith said that two
burglars had entered the house while he was sleeping, had shot
his wife, had dragged him from bed, had tied him as he was
found and had escaped through a window. Mrs. Smith was
found in her bed-room, with a bullet wound in her head, from
which she died a few days later. In spite of the fact that she
said that she did not know who shot her, and her refusal to-
the last to incriminate her husband, his story was generally
disbelieved and few doubted that he deliberately murdered
his wife. He was arraigned in the following June, but one
of the jurors fell sick after the trial had begun, so it had to
be deferred till September. It then lasted for six weeks, at
the end of which time Smith was convicted of murder and
sentenced to death. Execution was stayed by carrying the
case to the Court of Appeals, which ordered a new trial on
the ground that it was an error to admit Mrs. Smith's
statements as to the crime. For various reasons there was
delay in fixing the time for the re-trial of the case, and in
the meantime Smith had to spend more than four years in
the death cell at Auburn. When at last he was arraigned
again, on January 19 of this year, eleven witnesses at the
former trial had died, eight of them for the prosecution,
and others were missing, but in spite of that he was again
convicted and again sentenced to the electric chair ; an appeal
was taken, of course, and his fate will not be positively
decided till after the publication of this volume.

Frederick Zimmer, an ex-police commissioner, fell from
the window of his office on the corner of West Main and
Exchange streets, and, striking his head on the pavement
below, was instantly killed, January 4, 1898. Charles W.
Briggs, mayor of the city in 1871 and thereby president of
the board of police commissioners, died on the 18th of
May, 1899. In the summer of the last-named year Joseph

I 62

History of Police Department

Rochester, New York 163

Lombardo, who kept a small fruit stand on North avenue,
was killed by Joseph Alessi in a quarrel over a small debt
that was owed by the latter ; manslaughter in the second
degree ; Auburn, twelve years and four months at hard labor.
William Berl, a boy sixteen years old, killed Frank Peglau,
October 1, at a social party ; he was convicted of manslaughter,
second degree, and got off with a fine of five hundred dollars,
which was paid. Police Patrol Sergeant Robert B. Swanton
died October 8, 1899, after a long illness. He went on the
police force September 9, 1887, being one of the few who
have received their appointment from the Common Council.
Beginning as the driver of the ambulance and then of the
patrol wagon, he was soon made a sergeant, some years later
was promoted to the staff of detectives and afterward became
a sergeant again ; a faithful officer in all the positions that
he held.

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History of Police Department

WILLIAM E. O'BRIEN

Photo by J. W. Taylor

Patrolmen

CHAPTER XIV

Under the White Charter

Police Provisions of the Charter — Ordinances of
the Common Council — The First Commissioner
of Public Safety — James D. Casey Succeeds
James G. Cutler — George A. Gilman Appointed
Commissioner — A Record of Crime — The Keat-
ing Murder — The Orphan Asylum Fire — The
Brown Murder — The Hickey Murder — The
Ethel Dingle Tragedy — The McFarlane Mur-
der — The Coal Famine — Statistics for the
Past Year

For many years before this the need of a complete
revision of the charter of Rochester had been felt, and many
efforts had been made in that direction, much labor being
expended, under the auspices of the Chamber of Commerce
and other organisations, by public-spirited individuals, in
drafting amendments or completely new documents, to take
the place of the old charter. Nothing came of it, however,
till 1898, when the legislature passed a law called, officially,
"the charter of cities of the second class," though it is
commonly known as the " White charter," from the name of
the state senator whose persistent advocacy secured the
adoption of the measure. It is uniform in its application to
four cities of the state — Rochester, Syracuse, Albany and
Troy— in all of which the next city election after the passage
of the act was to be held under its provisions. That made
the election of 1899 i n Rochester to conform to it, and all
the city officers then chosen, as well as all their appointees,
went into office on the first of January following, instead of
on the first of April, as was formerly the custom. The act
is a very voluminous instrument, containing originally four

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hundred and ninety-five sections, seventy-seven of which were
afterward repealed and several others amended. Nineteen
sections relate to the police department — or, rather, sub-
department or bureau, for the department of Public Safety
was created, of which the police constitute one branch, while
the other divisions are those of fire and the public health —
the main provisions of which are as follows : The mayor is
to appoint a commissioner of Public Safety, to hold office for
two years unless sooner removed by the mayor, who shall have
charge of the police department; shall appoint, when a vacancy
occurs, a chief of police, to hold office during good behavior
or until he becomes permanently incapacitated, and such
other subordinates to hold office during his pleasure as may
be prescribed by the board of estimate and apportionment ;
shall also appoint a clerk to attend at the office and keep all
the records and papers relating to the department ; shall also
keep a record of all his official acts ; shall also make rules
for the government of the police force, and shall appoint, as
vacancies in the force occur, or as the ordinances of the
Common Council may require, all the members of the force
and distribute them into grades to conform to such ordinances.
The mayor is empowered to control and direct the department
for the purpose of carrying out the laws of the state, and in
case of riot or insurrection he may take command of the
whole police force. The Common Council has power, at all
times, to determine the number of members of the department
and the classes or grades into which they shall be divided
and to make any ordinances for their government. The
other sections relate to the powers and duties of the policemen;
they must be appointed in pursuance of the civil service
laws, they must not solicit votes or be delegates to political
conventions ; they are not liable to military or jury duty or
to arrest on civil process, and in cases of charges against
them, which must be made in writing, they are to be tried by
the commissioner, all trials being open to the public.

George A. Carnahan was elected mayor in November,
1899, and on New Year's day following he announced his
appointments, among them that of James G. Cutler to be
commissioner of Public Safety. On the 30th of January the

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Common Council adopted a set of police ordinances, of
which the most important were the following : Five
police precincts were to be established, with a station in each
of them ; the department was to consist of one chief of police,
five captains, five lieutenants, eight detective sergeants, four
sergeants in the police patrol bureau, ten sergeants, one
hundred and fifty-five patrolmen, five doormen, four drivers
and three turnkeys ; the patrolmen were divided into four
grades, according to their terms of service ; a detective bureau
was established, the police patrol service and the police
telegraph and telephone service being also made bureaus in
the department ; the commissioner was empowered, whenever
the good of the service demanded it, to appoint an extra
■captain, who should be the director of the detective bureau.
Under this last provision, John C. Hayden, who had previously
been chief of detectives, was appointed in March, 1900, with
the rank and title above mentioned. On April 12 the council
accepted an act passed by the legislature, consolidating the
park police with the city police and making it the duty of the
commissioner of Public Safety to provide police protection for
the parks.

Commissioner Cutler, at the beginning of the year,
appointed George A.Gilnian clerk ; in February Dr. John A.
-Stapleton was appointed police surgeon, and all members of
the force were ordered to report to him for physical
examination ; in March officer O'Loughlin was re-assigned to
the detective bureau ; in April a school of instruction was
established, in which the members of the force, divided into
three classes of about sixty each, were instructed regularly by
James L. Whitley, of the corporation counsel's office, as
to their powers and duties ; this was found to be advantageous,
and, although intermitted of late, the school will shortly be
resumed. In May five precincts were established, the station
of the first or central precinct being at police headquarters on
Exchange street ; the second on South avenue, near Gregory
street ; the third on University avenue, opposite Oxford street;
the fourth on Clinton avenue north, near Kelly street ; the
fifth on L/yell avenue, corner of Moore street ; the last-named
has been changed this year from its original location to old

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number six school-house, on the corner of Lyell avenue and
Frank street, running through to White street, making it the
most commodious and best-equipped station in the city. In
June Lieutenants Herman Russ and Michael J. Zimmerman
were promoted to be captains, and officers Monaghan,
Cummings, Klubertanz, McAlester, Stein, Shepard, Sherwood,
Mehle, O'Grady and Klein were advanced to the grade of
sergeant.

On August 14 Commissioner Cutler sent a letter to the
mayor, tendering his resignation, to take effect September 1.
This was accepted and James D. Casey was appointed
commissioner. One of his first official acts was to appoint
Dr. Richard C. Cartwright police surgeon, in place of Dr.
Stapleton, retired. In November detectives McDonald,
O'Brien, Bauer, Dynch, Muldoon, Maguire, Dong and
Kavanagh were appointed detective sergeants.

At the election of November, 1901, Adolph J. Rodenbeck
was chosen mayor, and he appointed George A. Gilman, who
had been clerk of the department for the previous two years,
to be commissioner of Public Safety. Mr. Gilman named
C. Alonzo Simmons as clerk, and a little later re-appointed
Dr. Stapleton to the position of police surgeon. In January
Captain M. J. Zimmerman was transferred to precinct
number one and became acting inspector of police and, in the
absence or disability of the chief, was given the powers and
duties of chief of police. He is still in this position. In May
the Common Council passed an ordinance abolishing the grade
of detective sergeant, the result of which was that all the
officers holding that title were reduced to the rank of
patrolman. A little later the commissioner appointed officers
O'Doughlin, Bauer, Nagle, Barnett, Maguire, Whaley, Scanlan
and McDonald as detectives. On the 10th of May an
innovation was made by the appointment of four mounted
policemen, to do duty on the outskirts of the city ; the
experiment has proven very satisfactory. In August
Sergeants Klubertanz and Stein were promoted to the grade
of lieutenants, and officer Charles C. Alt to the rank of
sergeant; in January, 1903, officer McGuire was made a
sergeant. In that month the Common Council passed an

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ordinance making a new grading of patrolmen, so that an
officer now receives the full pay of seventy-five dollars a month
after serving three years from the date of his regular
appointment, instead of having, as formerly, to wait for five
years.

A few pages will fill up the story of crime and death
from our last record to the present day. On the 10th of
January, 1900, four prisoners at the jail overpowered the
guard and escaped. Two of the fugitives were soon
recaptured, one of whom, Clarence Egnor, who had been
arrested in the previous December for burglary and grand
larceny, was sentenced to Auburn for five years, not for those
crimes but for jail-breaking and for lying to the judge about
his record. He had not been long in- prison before he
assaulted one of the keepers, Archie W. Benedict, striking
him on the head with an iron bar and stunning him, whereupon
Egnor took the revolver from the officer's pocket and
deliberately shot him dead ; the murderer was executed a
month later. In March Frederick Slintz killed Pasquale
Patrona at Maplewood, a station on the Buffalo, Rochester &
Pittsburg railroad ; manslaughter in the first degree, twenty
years at Auburn. In April, Frederick Heberger was sent to
prison for ten years for a brutal assault upon the little
daughter of Patrolman Greve. There were several suicides
during the year, but the only one worth mentioning was that
of Louis Kircher, a magnetic healer, who, on the 20th of
April, enticed Mrs. Marling, a widow, to his apartments and
then, maddened by her refusal to marry him, fired two
shots at her and pounded her with the revolver till he
supposed she was dead ; the next day he threw himself into
the river. On the 5th of May Captain Hayden received a
telegram authorising him to arrest C. F. W. Neeley, who was
supposed to be on his way westward, to join his family in
California ; Neeley was the treasurer of the postal service of
Cuba and was accused of embezzling thirty-six thousand
dollars of government funds at Havana ; he was arrested at
the New York Central station and a large proportion of the
money was found in his trunk ; the United States chief
post-office inspector came on the next day and took him to

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New York, where he was bailed in twenty thousand dollars ;
in July Hayden went down there as a witness in the
preliminary examination, and a short time afterward to testify
in the trial at Havana ; Neeley was convicted and sentenced
to a long term of imprisonment, as was also his confederate,
Rathbone, the director of the postal service.

On the morning of November 21, behind a high bill
board on Nortli Union street, the body of Theresa Keating was
found. As time passed, and days and weeks went on, a general
interest was aroused by the failure to discover the perpetrator
of the brutal crime. Over sixty persons were brought to the
office of the chief of police and examined by an assistant
district-attorney, without eliciting any information, and two
suspected persons underwent a police court examination, but
both were discharged, as nothing could be proved against
them ; one of them, Hobart Fuller of Toronto, left the city
and the country immediately and joined the English ,army in
South Africa. A mysterious stranger was seen in the vicinity
of the murder early in the morning after its occurrence, and
a full description of him, as well of the crime itself, was sent
to the police departments of one hundred and fifty cities in the
United States and Canada, but the man,' though some trace
of him was found, was never caught. Officer Charles W.
Struble died January 29, officer Daniel J. Leary February 20,
and officer Robert J. White November 17.

The record for 1901 opens with an appalling calamity.
On the night of January 8 fire broke out in the Rochester
orphan asylum, in Hubbell park, in which thirty-one
children lost their lives, either by the flames or by suffocation ;
the police were early on the scene and did good work in
rescuing many little ones who would otherwise have perished.
The lawyers had a hard time of it this year. Leslie E.
Hulbert, a graduate of Cornell and admitted to the bar in
1895, seems to have practised his profession principally, if
not solely, for the purpose of running a divorce mill, by
means of an elaborate system of perjury. He was quite
successful for a number of years in separating those whom
the law, if not God, had joined together, but at last an
indictment was found against him and others in March, 1901,

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and he fled the city at once. James Courtney, one of his
tools, was easily convicted in April and given an indeterminate
sentence at Auburn, but no trace could be found of Hulbert
till November of the following year, when he was heard of at
El Paso, Texas, and Sheriff Ford, with officer Muir, went
down thereafter him. They could not get him, because he
was wanted there to pay the penalty for extensive insurance
frauds, and furthermore, when Texas got through with him,
if uot before, the Mexican government wanted him, and had
already filed extradition papers with the secretary of state for
that purpose, on the charge that Hulbert had murdered his
own brother-in-law at Chihuahua to get the insurance on his
life. So that a blank wall, an open grave and a file of riflemen
are awaiting Leslie Hulbert, rather than a return to Rochester.
Wilber C. Monroe, another lawyer, was sSnt to the penitentiary
in August for robbing a client of twenty-five dollars.

On the 19th of February Dominico Campani shot and
killed Francesco De Carlo, who had dunned him for a debt
of eighty cents ; murder in the second degree ; Auburn
fifteen years. After the Romans came the turn of the Greeks.
On the 19th of April George Hoompavis was slaughtered in
the same manner by Peter Panaretes, another Spartan, in the
Olympian confectionery store near the Four Corners, in a
quarrel over a woman ; manslaughter, second degree ; fifteen
years. In May Edwin P. Hickey, indicted for smuggling
tobacco, pleaded guilty and was fined four thousand dollars.
In that month a strike of machinists, metal workers and
street laborers was inaugurated, which spread quickly to all
union members of building trades ; in June the contractors
were obliged to ask for police protection from striking
workmen ; on the 26th of that month a party of strikers tried
to enter the power house of the street car company to wreak
vengeance on a number of laborers who had gathered there ;
a squad of policemen withstood them and were attacked by
the strikers, Sergeant Golding and twelve of the officers, as
well as several strikers, being injured ; on the 3d of July the
contractors on the public improvements were ordered by the
authorities to resume work at once ; they tried to do so the
next day, but a large body of imported laborers were won

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Rochestes, New Yosk 17c)

over by the strikers ; the affair was finally settled by a
compromise.

A sensation greater than usual was caused by a crime
committed on the afternoon of October 15. Three young
men, named Joseph Sharpe, Frank McMahon and Frank
McLaughlin, went to the house of Mrs. Louisa French, on
Scio street, and obtained admission on the plea that they
were inspectors from the gas company. Once inside they
attacked Mrs. French and her sister Mrs. Alice Gardiner,
both elderly women, and beat them so savagely that they left
them for dead, after which the marauders proceeded to rob
the house of some three thousand dollars' worth of jewelry
and clothing. McLaughlin was arrested in this city three
days later ; the other two got out of town but they were
traced to Michigan, so Director Hayden went out there and
arrested Sharpe in a lumber camp ; McMahon was arrested
in that state two months later and brought back by Sergeant
McDonald. All were convicted and sent to Auburn, Sharpe
for thirteen years, McMahon and McLaughlin for nine years
each. For some months the jewels seemed to be hopelessly
lost, but they finally turned up in the possession of Frank S.
Wood, a traveling salesman, who had received them from
George M. Williams, a criminal lawyer who had been the
attorney for the robbers. Wood was sent to prison on an
indeterminate sentence, and Williams, having disappeared,
has been practically an outlaw ever since.

In December the chiefs of police of the different cities
formed a state organisation, of which Chief Cleary was chosen
president and was re-elected a year later. Of the suicides of
1 901, two may be mentioned, those of William Long, who,
on July 26, took his own life after shooting his wife at
the Sea Breeze, and of George Baker, a former street car
conductor, who, on December 19, shot his wife, seriously
wounding her, because she refused to live with him, and then
killed himself, on Main street. At the beginning of the
year William S. Fickett, an old-time detective, died at the
soldiers' sanitarium at Fort Bayard, New Mexico. He was
a native of Portland, Maine, and came to this city when a
boy in 1835, the family driving the whole distance in a

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sleigh. Having become a member of the old Light Guards
he enlisted under Captain Caleb Wilder at the outbreak of
the Mexican war and served till the close of hostilities. In
1858 he was appointed on the old police force and was soon
made a detective, holding that position till his voluntary
retirement. He was a person of great inventive genius and
took out many practical patents, though others profited by
them rather than himself. It is interesting to note the
continuity of military service in his family,- his grandfather
having been in the Revolutionary war, his father in that of
1812, he himself in the Mexican and his younger brother
Frank in the Civil war. Cornelius R. Parsons died on the
30th of January ; he was mayor for fourteen years, from 1876
to 1890, and during all that time was president of the board
of police commissioners. Thomas Dukelow, one of the oldest
and most respected members of the force, died February 19,
at the age of sixty years; he was appointed a policeman in
1866 and was made a detective in 1892 ; he retired from the
service some time ago, having been stricken with paralysis
three years before his death. Officer William H. Bitner
died February 21. Detective Sergeant Charles J. Muldoon
died May 12.

In 1902, on the 19th of January, Bela E. Brown, a
respected citizen, was sitting in his jewelry shop on the
second floor at the corner of State and Corinthian streets.
It was Sunday afternoon, about five o'clock, and the door was
undoubtedly locked, but some one managed to get in under
some pretense, seize Mr. Brown, gag him effectually, drag him
to the safe, set. him down in a chair before it and tell him to
open the iron door. Such, at least, is the inference, and it is
equally evident that Mr. Brown refused to comply with the
order and that the robber then beat him to death with a
jeweler's hammer taken from the workshop in the rear — doing
that perhaps- in a frenzy of exasperation, perhaps as the only
means of safety from subsequent exposure. That was the
story told by the dead and mutilated body of the old jeweler,
when it was found in the position described only two hours
later, by a watchman who came to the shop. The entire
detective force was put upon the case at once and everything

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Rochester, New York 183

was done that skill and experience could suggest, but the
murderer had enough of a start to get out of the city or to
hide himself so effectually that he has not been caught, from
that day to this.

On the 1st of July Charles Van Zandt, a boy of fifteen,
shot and killed George Krautwurst, another employee in the
same pie bakery ; arrested for murder in the first degree and
held for manslaughter but never indicted, the grand jury
being satisfied that it was a case of self-defense. Two days
later Fred Mclaughlin and Jack Calihan held up Frederick
Taylor on Vincent place bridge and robbed him of seventy-
five cents ; both were sent to Auburn for ten years ; Calihan
had not been out of prison very long, having been sent there
for ten years in 1890 for assaulting and robbing Martin Barron.
On the night of August 19 George Hickey was stabbed to death,
on Brooks avenue, by a miserable tramp known as " Toronto
Slim ; " William Seeley, who had witnessed the commission
of the act, was arrested and kept in jail for some time but
afterward discharged ; finally the police got hold of Joseph
(known as " Shorty ") McCabe, who was supposed to be
implicated in the affair ; he had run off to Europe but while
there had changed his mind and, according to his own story,
traveled four thousand miles to give himself up ; having
returned to this country, he was arrested at Utica and brought
to this city, where he is held on the charge of helping the
murderer to escape.

Then came the Ethel Dingle tragedy. Eeland Dorr
Kent, a Buffalo medical student, came to Rochester in
company with Miss Dingle, a professional nurse, on the 14th
of September, and took a room at the Whitcomb House,
registering as " L. B. Kent and wife." The next morning
groans were heard issuing from the room occupied by the
couple, and, on the door being forced open, the girl was
found dead on the bed, while Kent lay beside the corpse,
with a slight cut in the neck, from which he recovered
at the hospital a few days later. Later he was indicted for
manslaughter in the first degree, on four counts, charging
him generally with aiding, abetting and assisting Miss Dingle
to commit suicide. On the trial of his case he was convicted

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Rochester, New York 185

and sentenced to hard labor in Auburn prison for a period of
twenty years. On September 26 Judson M. Risley, convinced
of his wife's infidelity, shot and killed her, and then himself,
at their home on King street. Late in October Myrtle
Bradley, fifteen years old, was enticed or abducted from her
home on Broadway and taken to the rooms of Mrs. Dora
Earl on the corner of Clinton and Monroe avenues, where
she was harbored, if not forcibly detained, for evil purposes ;
the woman was convicted and given a sentence of not less
than a year and a half at Auburn.

During the autumn a band of Gypsies was encamped at
the driving park. A number of idle and mischievous youths,
living in the neighborhood, had been in the habit of annoying
and molesting the strangers for some time, and on the night
of November 10 they made a concerted attack on the camp,
bombarding it with stones and firing revolvers into the tents.
Stephen Ivanovitch (or Steve Adam) one of the Gypsies,
returned the fusillade in the darkness with a shot from a rifle,
killing one of the mob named Raymond Banks, aged eighteen.
Stephen was arrested but was exonerated by the coroner and
discharged by Police Justice Chadsey, it being considered
that the act was done in self-defense. The last homicide that
we have to record took place in the bright sunlight of the
morning of November 18, when Lulu Miller Youngs, aged
twenty-eight, the wife of Frank E. Youngs, killed Florence
McFarlane, aged twenty-two. Brooding over the belief that
her husband had transferred his affections to Miss McFarlane
and maddened by jealousy, she went to the boarding-house of
the latter, on Court street, and after a short struggle, in which
the victim sought to escape, a long, sharp blade was thrust
into the girl's bosom, and death soon followed. Mrs. Youngs
was arrested within an hour, was afterward indicted by the
grand jury for murder in the first degree and was arraigned
on the 17th of February, when she pleaded not guilty.

Few who were adults at the time will forget the coal
famine in the closing months of this year, as the result of the
prolonged strike in the anthracite fields ; when at last the
black fuel was released, the supply was so inadequate to the
demand that for some time the police had to guard the coal

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History of Police Department

cars as they stood on the trestles, to prevent wholesale pilfer-
ing, and in the early morning hours before the dawn officers
were stationed at the yards of the coal roads to regulate the
loading of the waiting wagons ; on at least one Sunday, that

Photo by J. W. Taylor

Patrolmen

of December 14, the unusual sight was witnessed of many
teams of the dealers struggling through the deep snow on
what was a genuine errand of mercy, to deliver the much-
needed commodity. In November Pickart's hardware store

Rochester, New York 187

was burglarised, a great quantity of cutlery being taken,
much of which was afterward recovered, and on the very last
day of the year the shop of J. C. Sage, in the same line, was
robbed, the interesting point in the latter case being the fact
that it was the third time within two years that the place had
been entered. The reports of the two coroners, Kleindienst
and Killip, run from November 1, 1901, to the same date in
1902, so that the exact number of suicides for the latter year
cannot be given, but the whole number in the county during
the term mentioned was forty-two, shooting being the method
employed in thirteen of the cases. No deaths occurred among
the active members of the force during 1902. John C.
McQuatters died October 25, at the age of sixty-one ; he
had been appointed in September, 1870, and had served until
two years ago, when he retired on account of ill health.
Patrick J. Cummings, police sergeant of the fourth precinct,
died January 10, 1903 ; he became a member of the department
in 1 88 1 and was made a sergeant nearly three years ago ; a
faithful officer, both on the police force and in the army,
where he served during the Civil war.

Commissioner Gilman, in his annual report, gives some
interesting statistics showing the work performed by the
police during the past year and the efficiency that was
generally displayed. The territory that had to be covered
embraced over eleven thousand acres, some eighteen and one-
third square miles, with more than three hundred miles of
streets. There were 5,117 arrests made, as against 2,480 for
the previous year, nearly one-half of them being in the first,
or down-town, precinct ; there were nearly three thousand
runs by patrol wagons ; the estimated value of lost or stolen
property recovered by uniformed officers was$io,i50, recovered
by the detective bureau $18,451.45 — all that apart from the
number of bicycles found or recovered, which was four
hundred and fifty-four, with a value of $9,080, considerably
more than half, in number and value, of those reported as
lost or stolen; over twenty-five thousand special services that
did not concern crime, as in the case of lost children, still
alarms, etc., were performed by the police during that term.
The cost of running the department was a trifle over two

History of Police Department

hundred thousand dollars. Police Justice Chadsey's report
shows that the amount of fines collected and used for the
support of his court was $4,294.65, considerably more than
his four thousand dollars of salary. The report of District-
Attorney Warren shows that, out of one hundred and
ninety-six cases in his hands, ninety-five convictions were
obtained.

Photo, by J. W. Taylor

Operators of the Bureau of Powce Telegraph-System

CHAPTER XV

The Present Day

The Departmental Staff — The Civil Service Require-
ments — The Pension Fund — The Police Benevo-
lent Association — The Police Telegraph System
— The Bertillon System of Measurement — The
Card System — Records at Headquarters — The
Police Bulletin— The Book of Rules

This record closes on the ist of May, 1903. George A.
Gilman is the commissioner of Public Safety, and his
departmental staff consists of C. Alonzo Simmons, chief
clerk ; J. W. Hertel, bookkeeper ; Cora M. Emeus,
stenographer ; John A. Stapleton, department surgeon. The
police force numbers one hundred and ninety-three, the
names of the members being found elsewhere.

As has been indicated in the preceding pages, the police
department is now under the civil service rules, and all
applicants for appointment, except for the position of matron,
must have the following special qualifications, viz., they must
be citizens of the United States and have been residents of
Rochester at least two years prior to the date of their
application ; they must be not less than twenty-one and not
more than thirty years of age ; they must be not less than
five feet nine inches in height and their weight and chest
measurements must conform to their height ; they must,
before being admitted to examination, be certified by the
surgeon of the department as free from any physical defect,
and they must not have been engaged or interested in the
sale of, or traffic in, intoxicating liquors within three years
next prior to their application.

There is a police pension fund, which is in the custody
of the comptroller of the city. This fund is raised by an

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History of Police Department

assessment of two per cent, on the salaries of the members of
the police force, besides which the city gives three thousand
dollars a year and to that are added all fines on officers and
various licenses. The amount thus obtained is scarcely
sufficient for the purpose, as there are nearly thirty persons
now on the pension roll — consisting of some retired officers
and the widows of others — whose annual stipends derived

Police Patrol Wagons

from this source range from two hundred and fifty to six
hundred dollars, so that over ten thousand dollars is paid out
every year in this way.

Of a similar nature, though wholly disconnected with
this, is the Rochester Police Benevolent association, which
was organised in 1875 by members of the department, with
Chief McLean as president and Captain P. H. Sullivan as
secretary and treasurer. It is really for the purpose of life
insurance, the beneficiary being the widow or next of kin to
a deceased member, to whom is paid the amount realised from

Rochester, New York igi

an assessment of three dollars on each member, payable
within thirty days after notice of the death of an associate.
Since the organisation of the association sixty-one members
have died and the total amount thus disbursed is about
twenty-six thousand dollars, six hundred and nine dollars
being the largest sum paid at any one time. The present
membership is one hundred and eighty-nine. Chief McLean
remained in the presidency till his retirement from the
department, Chief Cleary, who now holds the position, being
his successor. Captain Sullivan was the secretary and
treasurer until his death, Captain William Keith succeeded
him, and, when he died, Captain John E. McDermott was
elected to the position, which he now holds.

An important adjunct to the department is the police
telegraph system. This was established in 1886, Rochester
being the first city in the state to adopt it. It started with
thirty stations on the streets, others being added from time to
time, so that now there are fifty-six police telegraph stations.
For several years everything was above ground, but now
there are fifteen miles of subterranean lead-covered cable, in
addition to seventy-eight miles of aerial copper wire. The
office also operates a duplicate telephone system, consisting
of two separate telephone switchboards in direct connection
with fire headquarters and all the companies of that depart-
ment, as well as three trunk lines on each switchboard
connecting with the exchanges of the Rochester and Bell
telephone companies. Over two years ago a central energy
telephone was established on all of the police telegraph
circuits, which is in successful operation; it dispenses with
the individual batteries in the patrol boxes and the
maintenance of additional circuits for those boxes, making a
much more reliable service than formerly, with direct
telephone communication from each of the boxes on the
streets with police headquarters, the precinct stations and the
fire department. So far as known, Rochester was the first
city in the United States to have this central energy telephone
feature, which was invented by Superintendent Miller,
successfully applied to the police telegraph system. The
calls of all kinds run through every hour of the day and

IQ2

History of Police Department

City Hau,

Rochester, New York 193

night, and some idea of the work performed may be gained
from the fact that during the past year the calls averaged
over one thousand for every twenty-four hours. It may be
mentioned that the ambulance service is no longer in charge
of the police and has not been so since 1896, when the city
ambulance was turned over to the City hospital and shortly
afterward the other hospitals obtained their own vehicles.
But one thing should be borne in mind by the reader, that,
in case of an accident, the by-stander should, instead of
calling up some particular hospital, ring up number
thirty-four and state where the injured person then is,
whereupon the operator at police headquarters will
immediately telephone for the right ambulance (the city
being divided into sections for that purpose) and the party
will be taken at once to the desired hospital. The police
telegraph system cost twelve thousand dollars at the outset,
since when there has been expended some thirty thousand
dollars, including two patrol wagons and six horses, with
twenty-five hundred paid for a new switchboard eight years
ago. The superintendent is Louis W. Miller, who went into
the office when Charles R. Barnes took charge of it in 1886 ;
he was made electrician in 1893 and promoted to his present
position on the retirement of Mr. Barnes in 1898. Under
him are four operators — Henry W. Martin, Joseph B. Smith,
Thomas Swanton and William H. Karnes.

The commissioner of Public Safety has recently installed
the Bertillon system of measurements for criminals. This
has been used successfully in most of the large cities of the
United States and Europe and has been accepted generally
by police authorities as the only accurate method of making
criminal records. It is a remarkable step in the development
of a new form of applied science, which has for its object the
description of a human being in a manner so complete and
certain that he can by no possibility be permanently confused
with any other. Such a description is called "signalment,"
the process of making it is "signalising," and the art of
measurement is " signaletic." The system is so little under-
stood that a word in regard to it may not be out of place. The
inventor is Dr. Alphonse Bertillon, a prominent anthropologist

13

1 94 History of Police Department

who in 1882 was made chief of the identification bureau
established in connection with the prefecture of police in
Paris. Since that time his system has become universally
recognised. It is divided into three parts — the " anthropo-
metrical signalment," which measures the characteristic
dimensions of the bony structure of the body ; a " descriptive
signalment," which is the observation of bodily shape and
movements, and a signalment by " peculiar marks." The
use of the Bertillon system rests upon three established facts
— first : the almost absolute immutability of the human frame
after the twentieth year of age ; second, the extreme diversity
whicli the human skeleton presents when compared with
different subjects ; third, the ease with which certain
dimensions of the skeleton may be measured. The system
is feared by the criminal classes. The Bertillon instruments
purchased by this department include all the most recent
improvements, and it is expected that henceforth a complete
record will be made of criminals as arrested, which will
include measurements and photographs.

During the past year there has been installed at the
police headquarters a card system for recording the work of
the department. Cards of three colors are used. Whenever
an arrest is made in any of the police precincts a record is
made on an " arrest card " showing, first, the officer who made
the arrest, the person arrested and the offense committed. A
duplicate record is made upon an " offenders' card " which
shows, first, the name of the person arrested, with the officer
making the arrest, the offense and the disposition of the case
in court. These two cards thus index the same arrest and
corroborate each other. Whenever services are performed
by the department other than arrests, a record is made upon
a card entitled "miscellaneous reports." All cards are daily
collected at police headquarters, precinct number one, and
there properly indexed, a complete duplicate set being sent
to the commissioner. In connection with the card system-
each precinct keeps a record of its work, which is entered
monthly from the cards upon a printed table furnished by the.
chief of police. This system enables the chief to ascertain
at any time the exact record of the work of the department

Rochester, New York 195

as a whole or of any particular officer as to arrests or as to
the record of any person charged with crime.

In addition to the card system, the following records are
kept at police headquarters, viz., first, a " warrant book," in
which is recorded the name and address of all defendants
arrested upon warrants, together with the charge, the officer
to whom the warrant was delivered, its date, when returned
or withdrawn, the name and address of the complainant and
remarks ; second, a " bicycle book," giving the date, time,
name of owner, and full particulars of all lost or stolen
bicycles ; third, a " police record book," which is transcribed
from a book kept by the turnkey and showing the time, place
of arrest, name of complainant and name of every person
brought to police headquarters, with the disposition of the
case ; fourth, a " pedigree book," giving the names of all
persons arrested for crime within the city of Rochester, with
the occupation and nativity of the person arrested and a
record of the disposition £>f the case. In addition to these
permanent records, the captain of precinct number one has on
file a complete record of noted criminals wanted, as published
in The Detective from 1896 to date. The department also
issues daily a so-called police bulletin which is distributed
to every member of the department and includes a printed
record of all crimes committed within the city of Rochester
during the preceding twenty-four hours, together with requests
received from other cities for the apprehension of criminals.
This police bulletin keeps the members of the department
thoroughly informed as to crimes and criminals.

The whole system of police records described above has
been introduced under the administration of Mayor Rodenbeck
and Commissioner Gilman. In January, 1903, new rules
governing the police department were published. These
rules were revised, under authority of the commissioner, by
Edward R. Foreman, secretary to Mayor Rodenbeck. The
book of rules immediately preceding this was issued in 1899,
the one before that in 1887. One thing more may be
noted. Up to the summer of 1902 the detectives held
office by a definite tenure and could not be removed except
for cause, but the Common Council in May, 1902, passed

History of Police Department

an ordinance by which this was so changed as to give
the commissioner power to assign from time to time such
members of the department to detective duty as he might
deem best and also to employ as detectives persons outside
the department. This enlargement of authority, with the
hope of promotion that it holds out, serves to stimulate the
whole department to constant activity in the discharge of its-
duty.

CHAPTER XVI

The Civil List

It is thought well to close this history with what may
be called a civil list of the department — that is, a complete
list of those officials who, from the beginning of things, had
control over the police or who from their position were
brought into direct connection with them. So we will start
with the

Trustees of the Village

Francis Brown, 1817-19; Daniel Mack, 1817-19; Everard
Peck, 1817-19; William Cobb, 1817 and 1820 ; Jehiel Barnard,
1817; Isaac Colvin, 1818-19; Ira West, 1-818-19 ; Matthew
Brown, jr., 1820-23, 1825-26 and 1831 ; Moses Chapin, 1820-
21; Charles J. Hill, 1820-22; Elisha Taylor, 1820-21;
Warham Whitney, 1821-22 and 1824; Hastings R. Bender,
1822 ; S. Melancton Smith, 1822-23 i Jacob Graves, 1823 ;
William P. Sherman, 1823 > Abner Wakelee, 1823 ; John W.
Strong, 1824; Anson Coleman, 1824; Jonathan Packard,
1824; Ashbel W. Riley, 1824 ; Phelps Smith, 1825 ; Frederick
Starr, 1825 ; William Rathbun, 1825 and 1832 ; Gilbert
Everingham, 1825 ; William Brewster, 1826 ; Vincent
Mathews, 1826 ; John Mastick, 1826 ; Giles Boulton, 1826 ;
Frederick Whittlesey, 1827 ! Ezra M. Parsons, 1827-28 ;
Jonathan Child, 1827 and 1830; Elisha Johnson, 1827-29;
A. V. T. Eeavitt, 1827 5 Ebenezer Ely, 1828 ; Ephraim Moore,
1828 ; Nathaniel Rossiter, 1828 and 1831 ; John Haywood,
1829; SidneyS. Alcott, 1829; Robert L,. McCollum, 1829;
William H. Ward, 1829 ; William Pease, 1830 ; Joseph
Medbery, 1830; Adonijah Green, 1830; Harmon Bissell,
1830; Rufus Meech, 1831 ; Jacob Thorn, 1831-32; Harvey
Humphrey, 1831 ; Samuel L,. Selden, 1832 ; Daniel Tinker,
1832 ; Orrin E. Gibbs, 1832 ; William E. Eathrop, 1833 i
Fletcher M. Haight, 1833 ; Elihu F. Marshall, 1833 !
Nathaniel Draper, 1833.

198 History of Police Department

Mayors of the City
Jonathan Child, 1834 ; Jacob Gould, 1835-36 ; Abraham
M. Schermerhorn, 1837 (resigned) ; Thomas Kempshall, 1837 ;
Elisha Johnson, 1838; Thomas H. Rochester, 1839; Samuel
G. Andrews, 1840 and 1856; Elijah P. Smith, 1841 ; Charles
J. Hill, 1842; Isaac Hills, 1843; J * 111 Allen, 1844; William
Pitkin, 1845-46 ; John B. Elwood, 1847 ; Joseph Field, 1848 ;
Levi A. Ward, 1849; Samuel Richardson, 1850; Nicholas E.
Paine, 1851 ; Hamlin Stilwell, i852;-John Williams, 1853;
Maltby Strong, 1854; Charles J. Hayden, 1855-; Rufus
Keeler, 1857 ; Charles H. Clark, 1858 ; Samuel W. D. Moore,
1859 and 1866; Hamlet D. Scrantom, i860; John C. Nash,

1861 ; Michael Filon, 1862 ; Nehemiah C. Bradstreet, 1863;
James Brackett, 1864 ; Daniel D. T. Moore, 1865 ; Henry L.
Fish, 1867-68 ; Edward M. Smith, 1869 ; John Lutes, 1870 ;
Charles W. Briggs, 1871 ; A. Carter Wilder, 1872-73 ; George
G. Clarkson, 1874-75 > Cornelius R. Parsons, 1876-89 ;
William Carroll, 1890-91 ; Richard Curran, 1892-93 ; George
W. Aldridge, 1894 ; Merton E. Lewis, 1895 ; George E.
Warner, 1896-99 ; George A. Carnahan, 1900-1901 ; Adolph
J. Rodenbeck, 1902 .

Captains of the Watch
Newton Rose, 1834 ; Francis Dana, jr., 1835 and 1837 ;
Benjamin F. Hall, 1836 and 1838 ; John Dart, 1839 ; Rodney
Lyman, 1840; Edwin Avery, 1841 ; Amba H. Welch, 1842 ;
Elisha W. Bryan, 1843 ! George Bradshaw, 1844 ar >d 1853 ;
Alexander Richardson, 1845 ! William H. Moore, 1846 and
1847 ; Palmer B. Wilder, 1848 ; James Murray, 1849 ; William
A. Green, 1850 ; Leonard M. Barton, 1851 ; Michael Hyland,
1852.

Chiefs of Police

Addy W. Van Slyck, 1853 ; George I. Marsh, 1854 ;
Samuel M. Sherman, 1855 ! Elisha J. Keeney, 1856 and 1859 !
W. D. Oviatt, 1857 ; Seth Simmons, 1858 ; Matthew G.
Warner, i860 ; William Charles, 1861 ; William Mudgett,

1862 and 1863 ; Robert R. Harris, 1864 ; Samuel M. Sherman,
1865 to 1873 ; Alexander McLean, 1873 to ^85 ; Joseph P.
Cleary, 1885 to .

Rochester, New York

Police Captains
Patrick H. Sullivan, 1871-82 ; Joseph P. Cleary, 1883-84
Charles E. McCormick, .1885-92 ; William Keith, 1885-94

John E. McDermott, 1893 ; John C. Hayden, 1900

John A. Baird, 1901 ; Benedict C. Furtherer, 1901

Herman Russ, 1901 ; Michael J. Zimmerman, 1901 .

Police Commissioners
The following are the names of the members of the old
board of police commissioners, with the exception of the
mayors, who were, ex officio, members and presidents of the
board : Henry S. Hebard, 1865-73 ; Jacob Howe, sr., 1865-
67 ; George G. Cooper, 1867-77 i Frederick Zimmer, 1873-
1884 ; Henry C. Daniels, 1877-80; Jacob Howe, jr., 1880-84;
James D. Casey, 1884-99; Joseph W.Rosenthal, 1884-88;
Jacob A. Hoekstra, 1888-96 ; Charles C. Chapin, 1896-99.

Commissioners of Public Safety
James G. Cutler, 1900 ; James D. Casey, 1900-01 ;
George A. Gilman, 1902 .

Police Justices
Sidney Smith, 1834-36 ; Ariel Wentworth, 1836-40 and
1844-48: Matthew G.Warner, 1840-44; S. W. D. Moore,
1848-56; Butler Bardwell, 1856-60; John Wegman, 1860-
65 ; Elisha W. Bryan, 1865-73 i Albert G. Wheeler, 1873-77
and 1881-85 ; George Truesdale, 1877-81 ; Bartholomew
Keeler, 1885-93 ; Charles B. Ernst, 1 893-1 901 ; John H.

Chadsey, 1902 .

Police Clerks

B. Frank Enos, 1871-98; Richard Curran, 1 899-1 900 ;
William F. Durnan, 1901 ; Charles B. Bechtold, 1902 .

Members of the Force

Mention has been made in the preceding pages of every
man connected with the department prior to the reorganisation.
The following is a list of the force for that year :

1865. — Samuel M. Sherman, Alexander McLean, Monroe
A. Green, Peter Hughes, Jonathan Dresser, Lyman Johnson,
Alvah Rice, John H. Dana, William White, Ulrich Schmoker,
Frank McNally, James Sullivan, John Demorest, John Stott,

History of Police Department

Alex. J. Coombs, Thomas Callister, Charles E. McCormick,
William Brown, Thomas F. Hurley, James McKelvey, Ernest
Kettwig, John Barry, Thomas Lynch, Francis B. Allen, Frank
Plass, Andrew Wegman, Seymour Cooley, Richard Tanner,
Christian Spies, Addy Van Slyck, Peter Yost, John J. Garrett,
Otis R. Potter, Michael Flynn, Henry D. Shove, Bartholomew
Crowley, Patrick C. Kavanagh, William F. Lush, Harry B.
Dutton, James K. Foster, Warren H. Noyes, E. W. McBurney,
Michael Tierney, W. Jerome Rogers, Joseph S. Roworth,
William Rogers, William Cribben, Fred O. Carter, Philip
Schaad, Wallace R. McArthur, Thomas A. Burchill, Albert H.
Franklin, Lewis P. Angevine, Michael Hyland, Ferry
Marzluff, John Ragan, Charles N. Maurer, Edwin Van Vorst,
Patrick H. Sullivan, Joseph J. Neil, Hamilton McQuatters.

From this time on, the list will be given every five or
six years.

1870. — Sherman, McLean, Green, Dresser, Johnson,
White, James Sullivan, McCormick, Lynch, Allen, Crowley,
Kavanagh, Hyland, Lush, W. Jerome Rogers, William Rogers,
Roworth, McArthur, Burchill, McBurney, Barry, Ragan,
Franklin, Marzluff, Van Vorst, P. H. Sullivan, Hurley,
McKelvey, Foster, Hughes, Garrett, Shove and Dana — who
■were on the force in 1865 — Thomas Dukelow, Henry Baker,
Charles J. Green, John C. Heckel, David Monaghan,
Hugh Clark, John C. McQuatters, Frank J. Goodwin, Peter
Lauer, jr., Clark D. McKibben, Joseph P. Cleary,
George M. Lathrop, George E. Bingham, George W. Lord,
William S. Fickett, Leverett B. McKibben, Isaac Spiers,
Samuel Brown, Caleb Pierce, Patrick O'Neil, Jeremiah
Twaig, Frank Bemis, M. A. Beeman, Joseph Gommenginger,
Olden Oliver, Ralph Bendon, Jacob Frank, James A. Murray,
Andrew Conolly, Robert Burns, Thomas E. Crouch, Michael
Wolf, Bernard Horcheller, Jacob Harter and Frank J. Shaffer.

1875. — The roster for this year contains the names given
above — with the exception of those who for various reasons
were no longer connected with the force — and also the
following : John C. Hayden, J. Doyle, Benedict C. Furtherer,
A. Cole, William Keith, J. H. Wordell, Joseph St. Helen,
J. Mitchell, Patrick Hoctor, Louis Gommenginger, Patrick
Canfield, R. McKee, C. F. Fowler, Hugh Johnson, M. Brady,
R. Stalker, W. H. DeWitt, John Wangmau, A. Morrison,
Nicholas J. Loos, W. Miller, F. Griebel, R. Sloan, P. Bohrer,
J. Dean, J. M. Reis, S. Schwartz, William Hartman, William
Daningburg, J. A. Johnson, E. McDonough, De F. Chase,
Joseph Sayler, J. Cokely, janitor, and B. Frank Enos, clerk.

OCHESTER, New YohK

Five years later the following had been added :
1880. — William Burgess, Michael Cain, John B. Davis,
Frank D. Fay, James P. Flynn, Daniel Golding, Henry
Graven, Michael Hynes, Charles Hart, Patrick Holloran,
George Heffner, Peter Hess, Louis Jesserer, Frederick Kipphut,
W. J. Laragy, Joseph Legler, John Leipold, Louis Nold,
William P. O'Neil, Charles W. Peart, Charles Seifferd, Francis
Skuse, Frank Valine, William White, Oliver T. Youle.

Here is the full list for the semi-centennial year :
1884. — Chief, Alexander McLean ; captains, Joseph P.
Cleary and William Keith ; lieutenants, Ben. C. Furtherer,
Nicholas J. Loos, John B. Davis and John A. Baird ; detectives,
Ferry Marzhuff, Samuel Brown, Thomas Lynch, Peter
Lauer, jr., P. C. Kavanagh, T. A. Burchill, Henry Baker,
C. McCormick, J. S. Roworth and John C. Hayden ; police-
men, J. H. Dana, W. H. White, E. Van Vorst, Thomas
Dukelow, J. C. McQuatters, Frederick Griebel, J. M. Reis,
F. B. Allen, M. Hyland, W. R. McArthur, Hugh Clark, Jacob
Frank, John Wangman, John Monaghan, George Hoffner,
Charles Siefferd, F. S. Skuse, George Long, Joseph Baker,
Daniel Golding, Hugh Johnson, Michael Cain, Olden Oliver,
Ralph Bendon, Andrew Conolly, Robert Burns, Jacob Harter,
W. P. O'Neil, John Mitchell, E. McDonough, Joseph St.
Helens, William McKelvey, Michael Brady, C. E. Fowler,
Robert Sloan, John Dean, Samuel L. Schwartz, J. A. Johnson,
William Burgess, J. P. Flynn, C. W. Peart, Charles Hart,
William Laragy, Michael Hynes, H. D. Shove, Louis Nold,
Peter Hess, O. A. Youle, Fred. Kipphut, Hiram Rogers, J. E.
McDermott, P. J. Cummings, B. L. Stetson, Patrick Canfield,
Patrick Culligan, J. P. Dowd, William Murray, Michael
Englert, John Sullivan, Dennis Hogan, J. E. Ryan, John
Yawman, Michael Zimmerman, G. H. Krohn, George Liese,
Henry Baker, jr., Michael Fitzpatrick, William Hillard,
Frederick Walter, Edward O'Loughlin, George Bletzer, George
Mohr, J. A. Wallace, George Kleisley, Thomas Crouch, E. J.
O'Brien.

Six years later, while many had dropped out, many
others had been added, as follows, the total number on the
force being one hundred and twenty-one :

1890. — Charles C. Alt, John W. Banker, John Bletzer,
Julian A. Brown, James B. Cady, John F. Cahill, Theodore
H. Cazeau, Job W. Chatfield, Richard S. Congar, John
Connaughton, John Coughlin, James J. Devereaux, John M.
Durkin, James Eagan, George W. Finkle, Thomas Foley,

History of Police Department

Albert Gerber, Victor Hohmann, James Keenan, Ferd. A.
Klubertanz, Julius T. Luscher, Frank J. Lynch, Albert B.
Marble, Henry F. McAlester, William J. McBride, John P.
McDonald, William A. Metzger, John E. Moran, Andrew j.
Moynihan, William S. Mullane, William E. O'Brien, Thomas
F. O'Connor, Jeremiah O'Grady, Thomas Ragan, Joseph A.
Rendsland, John Schire, Frederick Scholl, Carl L. Shepard,
Sharon L- Sherman, William H. Smith, Martin P. Snyder,
Thomas Wadick, Charles N. Weber, John A. Weber, jr.,
Philip G. Yawman.

1895. — The following had been added up to and in this
year, making the number one hundred and sixty-six : John B.
Allen, Philip Amlinger, Samuel C. Baldwin, William H.
Bauer, Fred V. Beachel, Christopher Bowers, Duncan Brodie,
Frank W. Campbell, John Carroll, William H. Christie,
Joseph F. Claesgens, Thomas Condon, Patrick Conheady,
Martin T. Cook, Roger Courneen, Fred. J. Decker, Felix S.
Dorey, James B. Doyle, Stephen Drexelius, Thomas F. Drury,
Henry Ehrinentraut, George A. Fox, Albert J. Hahn, Nicholas
Heffner, William H. Heinlein, John Hetzler, Patrick Hurley,
Daniel D. Ingalls, Henry A. Ireland, John Kane, William B.
Kinnear, Jacob H. Klein, Robert J. Klein, John E. Lane,
Daniel J. Leary, Willis R. Lee, Adolph Legler, jr., Charles G.
Lemmel, Abram M. Louret, John J. Lynch, James H. Martin,
D. K. McCarthy, Daniel McCulloch, William McDonald,
Armand J. McGuire, William F. McGuire, George W. McKel-
vey, Edward P. Messmer, Frank E. Mehle, Erastus H. Miller,
Frank B. Moore, William C. Muir, Louis C. Muncie, Lawrence
Murray, John W. Nagle, Frank V. Natt, William O'Connor,
John S. Pearson, Edward J. Pfitsch, William I. Quinlan,
Herman Russ, Joseph G. Schmucker, John M. Sellinger, John
W. Shayne, Thomas Sheehan, John H. Sherwood, Henry F.
Spahn, William A. Stein, Jeremiah Sullivan, Patrick J.
Sullivan, John A. Tindell, John Touhey, Casper W. Vaughn,
George C. Wilcox, Robert Williamson, Walter H. Winnie.

1900. — In the closing year of the century there were
one hundred and ninety members of the force, the following
names appearing that were not in the previous list :

George G. Alt, Alexander Ashley, Walter G. Barnett,
James B. Bennett, William Bittner, Edward T. Burke, John
Burns, John E. Butler, Patrick Collins, Martin R. Cullen,
William H. Dutcher, William G. England, John T. Farrell,
Charles H. Foster, William Geib, Charles M. Goodyear,
Henry C. Greve, Frank V. Hackett, Joseph M. Heintz, Ignace

Rochester, New York 203

Hetzler, William J. Hoye, Otto F. Isler, R. D. Kellogg, jr.,
John Kenealy, Edward Kirby, Matthew J. Lally, Thomas J.
McKeon, John H. McMahon, Francis E. Morgan, William
Morriee, Michael Mulcahey, Jeremiah J. Mulryan, Walter J.
Phalen, William F. Popp, Charles E. Post, Henry F. Prien,
Martin J. Reichenberger, William L. Sander, Maurice W.
Scanlan, William J. Scanlan, Gregory Schmidt, Daniel
Schout, jr., Frederick J. Schultz, Frank Siener, Archibald H.
Sharpe, William C. Spillings, Eugene B. Sullivan, George D.
Sullivan, John B. Toomey, John D. Trant, Charles E.
Twitchell, Paul Wadington, William H. Whaley, Robert J.
White, William B. Wiedenmann, Joseph P. Witaschek.

A full list of the officers and members of the force, with
all employees of the department, on the 1st of May, would
be given in this place, but it was thought desirable to attach
thereto some biographical statement of each one, so the names
will be found in another portion of this volume.

With this the work of the present writer comes to a close,
and the history of the police department of the city of
Rochester is finished. Whatever shortcomings the reader
may note, he will, it is hoped, yield the recognition of
painstaking research and of conscientious labor, in which no
effort has been spared to verify every statement made. It
may be observed, also, that there is an entire absence of the
fulsome and perfunctory laudation of living persons so
common in works of this character, for the writer holds it to
be better that whatever praise is deserved should be found in
the acts recorded, rather than in the commendation of the
historian.

BIOGRAPHICAL

Before giving the sketches of the members of the police
force it will, perhaps, be as well to present the following
brief statements regarding what may be called the
administrative force of the department :

Mayor Rodenbeck

Adolph J. Rodenbeck was born in Rochester and has
always lived here. His parents were German. His father
died when Mr. Rodenbeck was nine years of age. He
attended the German Real Schule and the public schools of
the city. He was graduated from the Free Academy in 1881
and from the University of Rochester in 1885. He studied
law in Rochester and in New York city, was admitted to
practice in 1887 in the city of Brooklyn and has practised
law in Rochester since 1888.

He was appointed second assistant city attorney in 1891,
and in the following year first assistant. In 1894 he was
chosen corporation counsel of the city and served in that
capacity until 1898. When he retired from this office the
press stated : " Mr. Rodenbeck has earned the thanks of the
people. It seems to be the impression that no one has
discharged the duties of the office with greater ability, and in
addition to ability he has shown unusual devotion to official
duty and has been popular with all who have had business
relations with him."

Mr. Rodenbeck was elected to the Assembly in 1898 as
a representative of the second Assembly district of the county
of Monroe, by a majority of 1,639. ^ n J 899 he was re-elected
to the Assembly by the increased majority of 2,125. In 1900
he was again elected to the Assembly. This time he had no
opponent on the Democratic ticket. His majority was 6,337.
During this year Mr. Rodenbeck performed his crowning
service for the public in connection with the revision of the

2o6 History of Police Department

laws of the state. As chairman of the joint committee of the
Senate and Assembly he caused to be made and reported to
the legislature a page-to-page examination of every law ever
passed in this state, over fifty thousand in all. He suggested
feasible plans for completely revising all these laws, including
a revision of the practice code. This revision was distinctly
in the interests of the people. If carried into effect it would
avoid the immense expense of litigation growing out of the
confused condition of our laws. His report was submitted to
the legislature of 1901 and the plans therein submitted have
been approved by the Bar association of the state and by the
bench and bar generally. In 1901 the chair of pleading and
practice at Cornell university was tentatively offered to Mr.
Rodenbeck. This high honor he declined.

In the fall of 1901 Mr. Rodenbeck was nominated by the
Republican party for the office of mayor and was elected. He
took office January 1, 1902. As mayor he has been a faithful
public servant. Born a man of the people, his sympathies
are theirs. He has given the city an economical, honest
and business-like administration. The affairs of the police
department have received his special attention. He personally
directed the revision of the police rules, the separation of the
detectives from the uniformed men, the installation of the
modern police records, the Bertillon system and the recent
general police reorganisation. In his first annual address to
the members of the department he urged all officers to " carry
the message to Garcia," and the present esprit de corps of
the department shows the result of Mayor Rodenbeck's
administration.

Mr. Rodenbeck is a member of many organisations, such
as the Genesee Falls lodge, F. & A. M., the Aurora lodge of
Odd Fellows, the D. K. E. fraternity, the Maeunerchor and
German-American societies and the Rochester and State bar
associations.

Commissioner Gilman

Commissioner of Public Safety George A. Gilman comes
of old Yankee stock, his ancestors on the paternal side
arriving in New England in 1638 and on the maternal side

Rochester, New York 207

in 1656. Perhaps this fact explains his success in business
and as an administrative officer. George A. Gilman was born
in Westboro, Massachusetts, September 16, 1847. Bereft of
his father at ten years of age, Mr. Gilman has always made
his own way. He was married at Boston, February 1, 1875,
and moved in 1880 to Rochester, where he has since resided.
For nearly twenty years after 1876 Mr. Gilman engaged in
the railroad business. He was first in the employ of the
Chicago & Northwestern railway. Later he came to Rochester
as car accountant of the Blue line, to which the Canadian
Southern line was added in 1886, at which time Mr. Gilman
was promoted to the responsible position of general car
accountant. In 1894 he was appointed general accountant
of the Blue and Canadian Southern lines in charge of the
office. Later, at the time of the general consolidation of all
the Vanderbilt lines, Mr. Gilman served as general cashier
of the combined lines, from which position and the railroad
business he subsequently retired. In January, 1900, he was
appointed chief clerk and deputy by Commissioner of Public
Safety Cutler. When Commissioner James D. Casey succeeded
Commissioner Cutler,, he retained Mr. Gilman because of his.
efficient services for the department. When Mayor A. J.
Rodenbeck took office, January 1, 1902, he appointed Mr.
Gilman as commissioner of Public Safety, an act which met
with general approval.

The administration of the affairs of the department
under Mr. Gilman has been very satisfactory. He has
increased the efficiency of the police and fire departments
to a marked degree. New editions of the rules of both
the police and fire departments have been published under
his supervision, the police department has been, entirely
reorganised and re-distributed, and new apparatus has been
added to the fire department. Through the health department
Mr." Gilman has fought through successfully a small-pox
epidemic under the most trying circumstances. No department
of the city government has had greater responsibilities than that
of Public Safety during 1902 and 1903, and Commissioner
Gilman has met them all with such common sense and
executive ability as to merit public praise.

2o8 History of Police Department

Private Secretary Foreman
Edward R. Foreman, secretary to Mayor Rodenbeck, was
born in Lima, N. Y.,'was graduated from Genesee Wesleyan
seminary in 1888 and from the University of Rochester in
1892. During his college course he was assistant editor and
had charge of the publication of the general catalogue of the
Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity issued in New York city in
1890. He was admitted to the bar in 1894 and has since
practised law in this city. He was employed in the publication
of the Rochester city charter by City Attorney C. D. Kiehel
in 1893, and later was appointed investigating clerk for the
law department. He was promoted to the position of managing
clerk the following year and was appointed assistant corporation
counsel by Corporation Counsel A. J. Rodenbeck in 1896, in
which position he served for two years. When assistant
corporation counsel Mr. Foreman had charge of the revision
and the publication, in 1897, of the penal ordinances of the
city of Rochester, and also of the park ordinances. He had
the management of the work at Rochester for the joint
committee of the legislature on the revision of the laws
during the years 1900 and 1901. January 1, 1902, he was
appointed private secretary to Mayor A. J. Rodenbeck and
has since served the city in that capacity. Mr. Foreman has
taken special interest in the affairs of the police department
and in January, 1903, revised and published the police rules
under the authority of the mayor and the commissioner of
Public Safety.

Chief Clerk Simmons

Charles Alonzo Simmons, chief clerk in the department of
Public Safety, was born in Watkins, N. Y. He attended
public schools in that place and in Elmira, where his parents
removed when he was ten years of age. He graduated from
grammar school number 2 in Elmira. Through a contribution
which struck the fancy of the city editor of the Elmira
Gazette he took up newspaper work when fifteen years of
age, and continued it while a student in the Elmira free
academy, from which institution he was graduated an honor
student, winning first prize for an oration. He then went to

Rochester, New York 209

Cornell, where he took a year's course in law and general
studies. In 1894 he came to Rochester and became a reporter
on the Evening Times, and later on the Union & Advertiser;
finally, he was made editor of the financial page of the Post
Express.

In 1898 he volunteered for duty in the war with Spain
and rose from corporal to sergeant in company H, Third N.
Y. V. I.; he was elected second lieutenant of his company
upon his return to Rochester. He is an active worker in the
Union League Republican club, and captain of its drill corps ;
he is captain of the Eighth separate company, national guard,,
and captain of L,. Bordman Smith command, number 53,.
Spanish War Veterans. He is prominent in several fraternal
organisations. He was appointed chief clerk in the department
of Public Safety by Commissioner George A. Gilman, and
entered upon his duties as such January 1, 1902.

Bookkeeper Hertel

John W. Hertel was born in Rochester September 22,
1850. After being educated in the public and private schools
of the city he went into the harness business and having
spent some time in that occupation he became employed by
the municipal government, in the various departments of
which he has been engaged since then. On the 1st of April,
1900, he was appointed bookkeeper in the department of
Public Safety, and he occupies that position at the present
time. He is a member of the First Presbyterian church, of
the Genesee lodge of Odd Fellows and of Jefferson tent of
the Knights of Maccabees. His residence is at 157 Bronson
avenue.

History of Police Department

The Police Department
The following notices comprise all the officers and
members of the police force, as well as those others who are
directly connected with the operation of the department :

Chief of Police Cleary

Joseph P. Cleary, chief of police of Rochester, was born
March n, 1844, in the city of Limerick, Ireland. Coming
to this country when twelve years old, he made Rochester his
home and has since resided here. Up to the outbreak of the
Civil war Mr. Cleary was employed in the nursery business.

In the spring of 1861 he enlisted in Company E>
Thirteenth New York infantry, commanded by Captain F.
A. Schoeffel, and served two years, the term of enlistment,
being mustered out as color sergeant at Rochester in May,
1863. During the service of this regiment, while assisting a
wounded comrade at Gaines Mills, Mr. Cleary was captured
and was imprisoned for some time at Libby prison and later
at Belle Isle. He was exchanged on August 6th of the same
year and joined his regiment at Harrison's Landing, Va.
Twenty-four days later, at the second battle of Bull Run,
Corporal Cleary was severely wounded and lay on the battle-
field for five days, being finally paroled and sent under a flag
of truce to Washington. After spending some time in the
hospital he was exchanged on the nth of December, 1862,
and rejoined his regiment in time to participate in the battle
of Fredericksburg. The term of his enlistment having
expired he re-enlisted on June 29, 1863, in the Fourteenth
heavy artillery, as sergeant major of the regiment. On the
second day of October of the same year he was promoted to
the rank of second lieutenant of his company and performed
garrison duty at New York harbor until April, 1864, when
his regiment received marching orders to proceed to
Washington, where it was attached to the Ninth army corps,
commanded by General Burnside, and joined the Army of
the Potomac under Grant at Warrenton Junction, Va.
Lieutenant Cleary was acting adjutant of the regiment at that
time, and took part in the battles of the Wilderness,
Spottsylvania Court House, Petersburg, North Anna river,

Rochester, New York

Weldon railroad and Cold Harbor. On the battlefield of
Cold Harbor he was promoted to be first lieutenant for
gallantry in action, and in September, 1864, was promoted
captain at the battle of Pegram's Farm, after which he was
assigned to command ■ six mortar batteries attached to the
artillery brigade of the Ninth army corps in front of
Petersburg. In March, 1864, he was again wounded on top
of the head by the explosion of a shell. In the same month
he was promoted to major. While on leave of absence
twenty-four hours from his battery, visiting at headquarters
at Fort Stedman, the enemy attacked and Major Cleary took
command of Fort Stedman during the battle after the
commanding officer had been captured. For his conduct in
this battle he was brevetted major of United States volunteers
by Congress, and a short time later was made full major of the
regiment. Just before the close of the war he was brevetted
lieutenant-colonel of New York state volunteers by Governor
Fenton for gallant conduct during the war. He came home
to Rochester in command of the first battalion, Fourteenth
New York heavy artillery, and was mustered out as major of
his regiment August 26, 1865.

Chief Cleary is a member of the military order of the
Loyal Legion. He has served for three years as a member
of the board of trustees of the New York State Soldiers' and
Sailors' Home at Bath, N. Y. He has always taken a
prominent part in the Grand Army of the Republic, and in
1892 was unanimously elected and served as department
commander of the G. A. R. of New York state.

He was appointed patrolman in the Rochester police
department December 1, 1866, when S. W. D. Moore was
mayor and H. S. Hebard and Jacob Howe, sr., were police
commissioners. November 12, 1877, he was made day
roundsman at large and about a year later was appointed to
detective duty. A short time after this he was made
lieutenant and assistant to Captain P. H. Sullivan. On
Captain Sullivan's death in May, 1882, Major Cleary
succeeded him as night captain, and a short time later was
appointed day captain. In 1885 he was made acting chief of
police and on the resignation of Chief McLean, October 3,

History of Police Department

1885, he was appointed chief of police, which position he has
held continuously up to the present time.

As chief guardian of the peace of the city of Rochester,
Major Cleary's face is familiar to all Monroe county residents.
His services in war are only excelled" by his services to this
city. He is a man of sterling character and is held in high
esteem by the community at large.

Inspector Zimmerman
Michael J. Zimmerman is a life-long resident of Rochester,
having been born here July 19, 1858, of German parentage.
His education was received in the parochial and public schools
of this city. In 1878 he was here married. After passing a
number of years successfully in business Mr. Zimmerman was
appointed on the police department as a patrolman April 1,
1882. He served in this capacity so faithfully for six years
that he was promoted to sergeant July 6, 1888. This first
promotion was followed by another on February 2, 1891,
when he was made lieutenant. He served the department as
lieutenant with great credit to July 1, 1900, when he was
made captain. June 4, 1902, Captain Zimmerman was
transferred to precinct number 1 and was made acting
inspector of police with the authority of chief of police in
the absence or disability of the chief. He now occupies this
responsible position.

Under the advice of Captain Zimmerman, and the
administration of Chief of Police Cleary, the most modern
police methods have been installed recently at police head-
quarters by Mayor Rodenbeck and Commissioner Gilman.
Complete records of crimes committed, criminals apprehended,
and the general work of the department are now kept by the
card system. The cards are supplemented by accurate books
of record, while the department is kept thoroughly informed
by the daily police bulletin printed and distributed to each
officer. The institution of the Bertillon system of measure-
ments was also advised by Captain Zimmerman, as well as
the recent revision of the police rules and the general
reorganisation of the department.

Captain Zimmerman's steady advancement has been based
on duty well performed. He has always been distinguished

Rochester, New York

for executive ability and fearless discharge of duty. He is a
man of high personal integrity and commands universal
respect.

Director Hayden

Upon the detective force of any police department must
rest, very largely, the duty of unraveling the obscure crimes
that are enveloped in mystery at the outset and then of
hunting down the criminal, often at great personal risk and
labor. At the head of this bureau is John C. Hayden, whose
name has been frequently mentioned in the preceding portion
of this volume, principally in connection with murder cases,
of which he has worked up at least five since he became
connected with the department. His duties have also caused
him to become quite a traveler, his journeys extending to the
Pacific coast and to the West Indies, to bring back criminals
or to testify in important cases. Director Hayden was born
on Staten island, N. Y., on the 23d of February, 1848, and
moved to this city when fourteen years old, after having been
raised on a farm. Having been educated at public schools
and at DeGraff's private academy in Rochester, he went into
Glen & Hall's manufactory in this city, where he learned the
trade of machinist. He was appointed on the police force
April 8, 1872, was assigned to day duty July 6, 1876 ; was
made a detective in January, 1882 ; was appointed chief of
detectives August 14, 1887 ; was made assistant chief of
police in February, 1893, holding that position for several
years, and finally, in May, 1900, was made director of the
detective bureau, with the rank of captain, which is his office
at this time. He is a member of the Roman Catholic church
of the Holy Rosary, of the order of Elks, of the Knights of
Columbus, of the A. O. U. W. and the C. M. B. A., of the
Exempt Firemen, of the Sons of Veterans and of the Union
club. He resides at 22 Augustine street, and his office is in
the police headquarters building, on Exchange street.

Surgeon Stapeeton

Dr. John A. Stapleton, the surgeon of the department,
was born in this city and received his primary education at
the public and parochial schools here, after which he went to

214 History of Police Department

the University of Buffalo and was graduated from the
medical department of that institution. He was appointed to
his present position on January i, 1902. He is a member of
the Rochester club and of the Union club, and his residence
is at 76 Frost avenue.

Captain McDermott

The drill-master of the police department is the officer
whose name is at the head of this sketch, and a great deal of
the proficiency of the members of the force is due to his
careful instruction, teaching the men first in squads at the
drill hall in police headquarters and afterward in battalion
drill on the University campus. John E. McDermott was
born in this city on June 24, 1843, and was educated at our
public schools. In early life he was a tobacconist by
occupation, but he was able to serve the public at the same
time as a volunteer fireman, being attached to the old hand-
engine company known as "Torrent 2 " from 1857 to 1862,
and being also a member of the crack military company
known as the Union Grays. In the second year of the Civil
war he enlisted as a private and fought his way up from the
ranks, being made a lieutenant for conspicuous bravery and
being, at the close of the war, offered a captaincy in the
regular army, which he declined. Though receiving, at
Gettysburg, a wound of which he still bears the scar, he
remained in the service and was present at twenty-nine
general engagements, from Fredericksburg to Appomattox,
where L,ee surrendered. After his return to civil life he
organised, from the members of his old regiment, the Ryan
Zouaves, one of the very best disciplined companies in the
United States, and also, a few years later, the O'Rorke Post
drill corps.

He was appointed on the police force on June 1, 1881 ;
he was made a lieutenant April 2, 1886 ; on the 15th of
February, 1893, he was promoted to a captaincy as the
successor of the lamented McCormick, and was lately put in
charge of precinct number 2. He is a member of the Grand
Army of the Republic and resides at 84 Manhattan street.

Rochester, New York 215

Captain Baird

John A. Baird, who has command of the third police
precinct, the station being on University avenue, was born in
this city on the 10th of September, 1846. He was educated
at the public schools of Rochester, and at an early age went
into the milling business, but was able at the same time to
serve the city faithfully in the capacity of volunteer fireman.
He was appointed on the police force August 15, 1881 ; was
made a lieutenant on the 1st of June, 1883, and was raised
to the captaincy on April 3, 1894. He resides at 450 Central
avenue.

Captain Russ

Herman Russ, the captain in charge of the fourth police
precinct, was born at Fort Pla-in, Montgomery county, N. Y.,
January 15, 1859. Having been educated in the public
schools of that village, he was employed for some four years
in the grocery store of George E. White and in his father's
blacksmith shop at the same place. Coming to Rochester in
May, 1879, he obtained employment at Cunningham's carriage
factory and worked there till 1891, when, on June 29 of that
year, he was appointed on the police force. He was raised to
the rank of lieutenant February 13, 1899, and was made a
captain June 29, 1900. Although not so long in the depart-
ment as some others, he has made a number of important
arrests since he went on the force. He is a member of the
Masonic order, of the Knights of the Maccabees and of the
Police Benevolent association ; he was married May 29, 1883,
and he resides at 13 Grape street.

Captain Furtherer
One of the oldest and best officers on the force is
Benedict C. Furtherer. His long term of service in the
department, extending over nearly thirty-two years, would
doubtless enable him to furnish many incidents worthy of
publication, but his extreme modesty, amounting to reticence,
renders it impossible to obtain enough material for an adequate
sketch of his career. He was born in Rochester in 1846, and
after being educated at one of our public schools he worked
for some time at his trade as a carpenter and joiner. On the

216 History of Police Department

3d of July, 1871, he was appointed on the police force as a
patrolman ; September 12, 1881, he was raised to the rank of
lieutenant ; in 1886 he was assigned to detective service and
did duty for some time in that capacity ; in 1897 he was
promoted to a captaincy and is now in charge of precinct
number 5. He was married about twenty years ago, and he
resides at number 3 Rowley street.

Lieutenant Schwartz

Samuel L. Schwartz was born February 10, 1845, in
Lancaster county, Penn. After a public school education he
was employed as a pump-maker from 1859 to 1862, in which
year, on August 7, he enlisted in the 135th regiment of
Pennsylvania volunteers and was present in several important
battles, including that of Chancellorsville, where he was
captured and served a time in Libby prison. His second
enlistment was in 1864, when he was a corporal in the 95th
Pennsylvania, and was present at Richmond, Petersburg and
Appomattox, being finally mustered out July 17, 1865.
Having worked on the New York Central for nearly the
next ten years he was appointed on the police force of this
city February 17, 1875, an( ^ was promoted lieutenant in
July, 1889. He has made a number of important arrests and
has never been disciplined for infraction of rules. Some
years ago he was married at the church of the Holy Family,
and since then he has resided at 731 Jay street.

Lieutenant Sherman

Sharon L. Sherman was born in this city on February
18, 1857, and was educated in the public scools of Rochester.
He was employed on the railroad as a locomotive fireman
till 1880, when he became a member of the Rochester fire
department, being assigned to truck number 2. While
still a fireman he was appointed on the police force November
13, 1887, and on May 28, 1894, was promoted to a lieutenantcy.
He is a thirty-second degree Mason, being a member of Valley
lodge and of Damascus Temple shrine ; also, a member of
the Rochester tent of the Maccabees and of the Exempt

Rochester, NewYork 217

Firemen's association. He was married in this city April 5,
1880, and he resides at 169 Lewis street.

Lieutenant Ryan

James E. Ryan was born at Rochester and received his
education at public school number 9 and at the Vosburg
academy. Having spent several years as a machinist in the
employ of the Gleason Tool company of this city, he was
appointed on the police force October 2, 1881, and was raised
to the rank of lieutenant January 7, 1890. He is a member
of St. Bridget's church ; he was married in this city in 1874
and he resides at 31 Conkey avenue.

Lieutenant Klubertanz

Ferdinand A. Klubertanz was born in this city January
14, 1861, and was educated at St. Joseph's parochial school.
After being an office boy and collector and working as a tailor
for the Stein & Adler company for five years, he was appointed
on the police force September 3, 1885 ; was promoted to be
sergeant June 28, 1900, and was made a lieutenant August 6,
1902. His most important service in the department was
during the riot on Gorham street, June 27, 1887, in connection
with the laborers' strike. He is a member of the Immaculate
Conception church, of the C. M. B. A., the A. O. U. W. and
the M. W. A.; he was married at Rochester April 24, 1883,
and his residence is 189 Jefferson avenue.

Lieutenant Stein

William A. Stein was born at Rochester May 12, 1863,
and was educated at our public schools and a private German
school. For six years he was employed as a shipping clerk
in the wholesale grocery house of George C. Buell & Co.,
after which he was appointed patrolman on September 1,
1891, was made a sergeant July 1, 1900, and was promoted
to a lieutenancy August 6, 1902, being stationed for duty at
the central station, first precinct. He was married at Rochester
April 11, 1888, and resides at 121 Fulton avenue.

History of Police Department

Sergeant Allen
We come now to the oldest member of the department
in term of service, the only one now on the. force who has
been connected with it ever since the reorganisation of the
department thirty-eight years ago, Francis B. Allen, commonly
called Frank Allen. He was born at Montezuma, N. Y.,
October 29, 1837, and came to Rochester when ten years old.
When a young man he worked as a boat-builder and caulker,
being employed afterward as a box-cutter in Woodworth's
chemical works. In the war time he was a member of the
Fifty-fourth militia regiment, and in that capacity he went in
July, 1864, to Elmira, to guard the Confederate prisoners who
were confined there. He was appointed on the police force
April 23, 1865, rose tobe lieutenantin 1882 and was transferred
to sergeant of patrol in 1891. In spite of his years he is a
hard man to handle, as was shown by the successful fight
that he made against a gang of toughs on South Clinton
street a few months ago. He was married in 1864, is a
member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, an attendant
at Christ church (Episcopal) and lives at 139 Alexander street.

Sergeant Golding

Daniel Golding was born in Rochester July 1, 1853, and
educated at St. Patrick's school in this city. Having learned
the trade of a tinsmith in the shop of Percy & Campbell, he
remained in the employment of that firm for several years
previous to his appointment on the police force, which took
place July 3, 1878. He was created sergeant in July, 1893.
He was married in this city August 15, 1871 ; he is a member
of St. Bridget's church and of Temple tent of the Maccabees ;
he resides at 14 Gordon park.

Sergeant Carroll

John M. Carroll was born at Avon, Livingston county,.
March 6, 1863, and came to Rochester in 1878. His
education was obtained at the union school of the village and
at St. Agnes parochial school. After working at his trade as
a shoemaker in the factory of Cowles Bros. & Co., he was

Rochester, New York 219

appointed on the police force December 1, 1893, and promoted
to sergeant December 29, 1899. He is a member of St.
Patrick's cathedral church and resides at 39 Kent street.

Sergeant O'Grady

Jeremiah O'Grady was born at Rochester June 20, 1863,
and educated in the public schools of the city. His trade
being that of a machinist he was employed in the works of
the Rochester Machine Screw company and in the shop of.
W. H. Teal. He was appointed on the force November
13, 1887, and was made a sergeant July 1, 1900. As acting
lieutenant, on February 20, 1894, he made the largest raid in
the history of the department, when, assisted by five officers,
he arrested forty-five men who were engaged in a cocking-
main on Vetter park. He w,as married at Rochester June 5,
1889, and resides at 34 Cameron street.

Sergeant Mehle

Frank E. Mehle was born in this city January 7, 1870,
and educated at a parochial school. He was employed in
Curtis & Wheeler's shoe factory, later in Gorton & McCabe's
carpet store, and also as a base ball player in different places.
Appointed on the police force July 26, 1893, he was promoted
to the rank of sergeant July 1, 1900. He was married at St.
Peter and Paul's church July 11, 1892, and resides at 351
Brown street.

Sergeant Monaghan

John F. Monaghan was born at Rochester January 21,
1850, and was educated in public schools eleven and twelve
and also in the college at Kingston, Ontario. His war record
is that of a drummer boy in the Fifty-fourth militia regiment,
in which he enlisted July 26, 1864, an d went to Elmira.
He was employed with Archie McConnell, contractor, and
afterward with George D. Dord in water works construction
in this city and at Hemlock lake. He was appointed on the
police force July 1, 1876, was promoted sergeant June 28
1900, and was appointed acting lieutenant June 29, 1900,
serving as such till June 5, 1902. He resides at 11 Lafayette
place.

History of Police Department

Sergeant Alt

Charles C. Alt was born in this city November i, 1859.
and educated at our public schools. He was employed as
driver for a wholesale commission house and later as salesman
for J. A. Taylor till his appointment on the force November
12, 1887. He was made a sergeant August 7, 1902. He is
a member of the church of the Reformation, of Genesee
Falls lodge and of Hamilton chapter Royal Arch Masons, of
the Doric Council, of Monroe commandery of Knights
Templars and of Court Genesee of the Odd Fellows. He
was married in this city and resides at 86 Nassau street.

Sergeant Keein

Jacob H. Klein was born January 7, 1866. He was
appointed on the police force July 26, 1893, and was promoted
to the rank of sergeant July 1, 1900. He resides at 207
Remington street.

Sergeant Sherwood

John H. Sherwood was born in Livingston county in
this state, and educated at Geneseo. He was appointed on
the force March 20, 1895, and was raised to the grade of
sergeant June 29, 1900. He resides at 125 Garson avenue.

Sergeant Shepard

Carl L. Shepard was born at Aliens, Mich., November 3,
i860, and educated in the high school at Jonesville in that
state and in the Rochester Business Institute after he moved
to this city in 1881. His employment was with the New
York Central railroad. He became a member of the force
011 September 8, 1888, and was made a sergeant July 1, 1900.
He is a member of Monroe lodge Knights of Pythias, was
married at Rochester February 3, 1884, and resides at 95^
Conkey avenue.

Sergeant McGuire

Armand J. McGuire was born at Greece, in Monroe
county, December 12, 1867, and, having been educated at the
public school in that town, came to this city in 1886. He

Rochester, New York

was appointed on the police force March 14, 1894, and was
promoted to the rank of sergeant January 19, 1903. He
resides at 76 Glenwood avenue.

Sergeant McAlester

Henry F. McAlester was born at Rochester June 9, 1863,
and was educated in this city. After being employed for
eight years in the edge tool works of Mack & Co., he was
appointed on the force April 2, 1889, and raised to the grade
of sergeant in June, 1900. He is a member of St. Peter
and Paul's church, of the C. M. B. A., of the Miunetonka
tribe of Red Men and of Roosevelt tent Knights of the
Maccabees. He was married in July, 1884, and resides at
266 Campbell street.

Sergeant Duscher

Julius T. Luscher was born at Rochester July 13, 1857,
and educated in the public schools of this city. He was a
blacksmith, working with his father, up to November 13,
1887, when he was appointed on the police force; he was
made driver on the patrol wagon February 13, 1893, and
created a sergeant September 26, 1896. He was married at
Bergen, Genesee county, November 1, 1883, and resides at
35 Hickory street.

Detective-Interpreter Lauer

Peter L,auer was born at Rhein, Prussia, in 1841, and
came to America in 1855, completing here his education
begun in the old country. Having been employed for many
years by the New York Central, he was appointed patrolman
February 12, 1870, promoted to detective in April, 1873, and
advanced to be court interpreter and detective in 1887.
During his long term of service he has done much important
work, among which may be mentioned the recovery of $19,750
belonging to Mr. Fuller of Albion, after it had been missing
for two years, and of a valuable lot of diamonds for E. B.
Booth, the jeweler ; the arrest of Richard Gardiner, a noted
housebreaker, and of Mrs. Burnett, one of the most successful
women burglars in the country, and the arrest, followed by

History of Police Department

conviction, of many incendiaries who had caused destructive
fires. He was married at Syracuse in 1884, is a member of
the church of St. Boniface and the C. M. B. A. and resides at
256 Gregory street.

Detective O'Eoughlin

Edward O'Loughlin was born at Rochester August 1,
1845, and received a common school education. His first
employment was that of a tobacco worker, then in a flour
mill, then on the New York Central railroad and lastly in a
shoe factory up to the time of his appointment on the force
November 2, 1882. He was made a detective May 22, 1892,
and appointed investigator January 1,. 1900. He is a member
of the Immaculate Conception church, of the order of Elks,
of the Eagles, of the C. M. B. A. and of the Exempt Firemen ;
was married at Rochester November 6, 1874, and resides at
50 Edinburg street.

Detective McDonald

John P. McDonald was born at Rochester in June, 1864,
and was educated at the Immaculate Conception school.
Having been employed for several years as a clerk he was
appointed on the police force November 13, 1887, and was
advanced to detective in 1893. He is a member of the
church of the Immaculate Conception and resides at 56
Bronson avenue.

Detective Maguire

William F. Maguire was born at Rochester June 2, 1866,
and was educated at a public school. For a few years he
followed the trade of a can-maker; was appointed ladderman
on truck number 2 in the fire department November 19,
1888, and served there till July 26, 1891, when he was
appointed on the police force ; was promoted to be sergeant
of the patrol wagon September 28, 1896, and made detective
February 13, 1899. He was married at Rochester in 1892, is
a member of the Roman Catholic church, of the Police
Benevolent association and of the Crystal tent of the
Maccabees and resides at 40 Cole street.

Rochester, New York 223

. Detective Bauer

William H. Bauer was born in this city October 22, 1855 ;
was educated at public school number seventeen and at St.
Peter and Paul's school. He was appointed on the force
January 6, 1891, and promoted to be detective January 1,
1 899. He was married at Rochester July 6, 1 880 ; is a member
of the C. M. B. A. and the Police Benevolent association ;
resides at 525 Uyell avenue.

Detective Scanlan

William J. Scanlan was born at Rochester July 22, 1869,
and educated at public school twenty-four. After working at
his trade of a mason for some time he was for five years
deputy sheriff of Monroe county till March 1, 1877, when he
was appointed on the force, being raised to detective June 28,
1901. During the Spanish war he was a corporal in the
Seventh battery of light artillery of United States volunteers.
He is a member of St. Mary's (Roman Catholic) church, of
the C. M. B. A., of the order of Eagles and of the Police
Benevolent association ; not married ; resides at 244 Meigs
street.

Detective Whaley

William H. Whaley was born at Sandusky, Ohio, June
24, 1872, was brought to this city in April, 1875, and was
educated at our public schools. Following the life of a
mariner he sailed on fishing smacks and coastwise steamships
and was a surfman in the United States life-saving service at
Charlotte from April, 1893, to June 20, 1899, when he was
appointed on the police force. Even after that his old habits
clung to him and on the night of September 30 in that very
year he rescued Albert Turk from drowning at the Exchange
street canal bridge, for which act he received a silver medal
from the Volunteer life-saving service. He was made a
detective June 4, 1902 ; he belongs to Genesee Falls lodge F.
and A. M., and he resides at 62 Pierpont street.

Detective Nagle

John William Nagle was born at Rochester July 24,
1866, and received a public school education here. He worked

224 History of Police Department

first for the Forsyth Scale company and afterward in the
Judson machine shop, being also employed occasionally as a
musician. Having been appointed on the force January 6,
1891, he was promoted to the grade of detective June 2, 1902.
He was married at Rochester May 29, 1889, and he resides at
6 Catherine street.

Detective Barnett

Walter George Barnett was born in this city April 22,
1873, and was educated at public school number fifteen.
Having been employed for some time as a coachman and
afterward as a clerk in a grocery store, he was appointed on
the police force May 22, 1899, and was assigned to the detective
bureau June 2, 1902. He is a member of the Monroe avenue
Methodist church and of the Hiokatoo tribe of Red Men ;
was married at the English Lutheran church in this city
September 12, 1899, and resides at 329 Jefferson avenue.

Stenographer Meagher

William C. Meagher was born at Livonia, Livingston
county, March 8, 1878, and came to this city September i,
1897. Having graduated from the East Bloomfield high school
in 1893, he completed his education at the Rochester Business
Institute, and shortly after his graduation there he was
appointed stenographer of the police department on May 1,
1900. The Bertillon apparatus for the scientific measurement
of criminals, which is fully described in the main portion of
this book, was installed in police headquarters last March and
on the 1 8th of that month Mr. Meagher was placed in
supervision of the system. He is a member of St. Patrick's
cathedral parish and of the C. M. B. A.; he resides at 80
Edinburgh street.

Matron De Staebler

More than fifteen years ago Mrs. Addie De Staebler
became the police matron, being appointed to that responsible
position November 16, 1887, after proving her qualifications
by a civil service examination. Before that time all the
women prisoners had been received and attended to by male

Rochester, New York 225

officials, a wretched state of things, but the way was not seen
clearly to remedy the evil until the experiment of having a
police matron had been tried in Buffalo, where it worked so
well that the position was established here shortly afterward,
the appointment of the present incumbent being the second
one in the state, and now there is not a city of any importance
where a matron is not considered a necessity. Mrs.
De Staebler was born in Nunda, Livingston county, and
educated in the public schools of Rochester. Becoming a
teacher in the union school at Niagara Falls, she was married
at that place September 5, 1868. She is a member of the
First Baptist church, of Ruth chapter of the order of the
Eastern Star, of the Maccabees, of the Ladies' Auxiliary of
Locomotive Engineers and of the E. G. Marshall relief corps.
Her residence is in the police headquarters building.

Superintendent Miller

Louis W. Miller was born at Rochester, January 27,
1869, and educated at St. Peter and Paul's parochial school,
public school number 6 and the Rochester Business university.
Having been employed for some time as telegraph operator
in the Western Union and the New York Central offices, he
became connected with this department October 14, 1886,
being appointed operator in the telegraph system, promoted
to be electrician in charge October 17, 1892, and made
superintendent of the bureau of police telegraph February
28, 1898. He has invented and patented several valuable
devices in ■ his line, which are described elsewhere. He was
married at Rochester October 24, 1893 ; is a member of St.
Peter and Paul's church and of the Rochester Liederkranz ;
resides at 9 Churchlea place.

Operators

Henry W. Martin, residence 54 Austin street. Born at
Rochester, N. Y., September 16, 1865. Appointed operator
October 14, 1886.

Joseph B. Smith, residence 146 Troup street. Born at
Rochester, N. Y., October 2, 1865. Appointed operator July

15

History of Police Department

Thomas Swanton, residence 68 Waverly place. Born at
Rochester, N. Y., March 4, 1858. Appointed operator
October 31, 1 92.

William H. Karnes, residence 107 Ravine avenue. Born
at Rochester, N. Y., November 13, 1869. Appointed operator
August 10, 1900.

The Patrolmen

It is, after all, to the rank and file that we are to look
for the real composition of the police department, for it would
be in vain that the officers of the force should be of the
highest character if the men themselves did not come up to
the mark. In this regard, as in the other, the department
will bear successfully any comparison that may be made with
the police of other cities. The following is a list of the
patrolmen, with their residence, birth and date of
appointment :

Patrick Caufield, residence 135 Magnolia street. Born
at Troy, N. Y., 1843. Appointed patrolman in 1873, served
until 1876 and reappointed July 1, 1881 ; now attached to
chief's office.

Nicholas J. Loos, residence 396 Central avenue. Born
in Rochester, N. Y., August 31, 1850. Appointed patrolman
July 1, 1874.

John Dean, residence 617 St. Paul street. Born in
Ireland November 25, 1844. Appointed patrolman February
15, 1875 ; now court attendant.

John M. Ries, residence 379 Ames street. . Born in
Rochester, N. Y., July 28, 1854. Appointed patrolman
February 19, 1875 ; now driver patrol wagon.

James A. Johnson, residence 49 Jefferson avenue. Born
in Rensselaer county, N. Y., December 25, 1838. Appointed
patrolman July 1, 1875 ; now officer on patrol wagon.

Charles Hart, residence 38 Hand street. Born in Ger-
many November 24, 1846. Appointed patrolman July 1,
1876 ; now court attendant.

Charles W. Peart, residence 65 Cypress street. Born in
Rochester, N. Y., September 13, 1847. Appointed patrolman
July 1, 1876.

Rochester, New York

Louis Nold, residence 10 Catherine street. Born in
Germany. Appointed patrolman March 31, 1877. >

Oliver A. Youle, residence 4 Terry street. Born in
Watertown, Jefferson county, N. Y., August 5, 1851. Appointed
patrolman December 1, 1879.

Patrick Culligan, residence 241 Whitney street. Born
in Ireland March 16, 1848. Appointed patrolman July 22,
1881.

John Sullivan, residence 3 Ethel street. Born in Peter-
boro, Canada, October 20, 1842. Appointed patrolman
August 8, 1 88 1 ; now officer on patrol wagon.

George M. Kron, residence 133 Genesee street. Born in
Rochester, N. Y., March 31, 1858. Appointed patrolman
May 31, 1882.

Henry Baker, residence 161 Maryland street. Born in
Frankfort, Germany, July 16, 1854. Appointed patrolman
June 30, 1882.

George L,iese, residence 286 Caroline street. Born in
Germany June 3, 1856. Appointed patrolman June 30, 1882 ;
doorman to the chief's office.

George Kleisley, residence 99 Colvin street. Born in
Reading, Pa. Appointed patrolman June 26, 1883 ; now
turnkey.

Ed. J. O'Brien, residence 300 Campbell street. Born in
Rochester, N. Y., April 8, 1856. Appointed patrolman
January 1, 1884; now doing special duty at the New York
Central depot.

John E. Moran, residence 7,^ Bartlett street. Born in
New York, N. Y., November 26, 1861. Appointed patrolman
September 5, 1885.

Theo. H. Cazeau, residence 161 Reynolds street. Born
in Albany, N. Y., June 7, 1846. Appointed patrolman
September 7, 1885.

A. J. Moynihan, residence 169 North Union street. Born
April 10, 1857. Appointed patrolman September 15, 1885.

J. W. Chatfield, residence 12 Vinewood place. Born in
Cuylerville, N. Y. Appointed patrolman June 16, 'il
now officer on patrol wagon.

History of Police Department

Charles Dingman, residence 25 Henion street. Born in
Chili, Monroe county, N. Y., September 20, 1844. Appointed
patrolman December 30, 1886 ; now driver on patrol wagon.

Albert Gerber, residence 178 Orchard street. Born in
Rochester, N. Y., August 1, 1846. Appointed patrolman
March 28, 1887 ; now turnkey.

Thomas Foley, residence 33 Champlain street. Born in
County Bantry, Cork, Ireland, March 19, 1855. Appointed
patrolman November 12, 1887.

Victor Hohmau, residence 2 Nicholson street. Born in
Germany July 25, 1850. Appointed patrolman November 13,
1887 ; now driver on patrol wagon.

William A. Metzger, residence 133 Flint street. Born
in Buffalo, N. Y., May 24, 1858. Appointed patrolman
November 13, 1887.

William E. O'Brien, residence 15 Henion street. Born
in Ireland March 16, 1846. Appointed patrolman November
13, 1887.

Thomas F. O'Connor, residence Magee avenue. Born
in Rochester, N. Y., May 5, 1857. Appointed patrolman
November 13, 1887.

John Shire, residence 366 Whitney street. Born in
Rochester, N. Y., July 20, 1857. Appointed patrolman
November 13, 1887.

Martin P. Snyder, residence 522 Clifford street. Born
in Rochester, N. Y., June 21, 1852. Appointed patrolman
November 13, 1887.

Charles Weber, residence 460 Campbell street. Born
in Utica, N. Y., March 16, 1857. Appointed patrolman
November 13, 1887.

George W. Finkle, residence 46 Warner street. Born in
Oswego county, N. Y., May 22, 1844. Appointed patrolman
June 19, 1888.

Joseph A. Rendsland, residence 2 Boardman street. Born
in Lima, N. Y., March 19, 1863. Appointed patrolman
September 10, 1888.

William H. Smith, residence 16 Alexander street. Born
in Riga, Monroe county, N. Y., October 10, 1855. Appointed
patrolman, September 10, i?

Rochester, New York 229

Michael Mulcahy, residence 69 Waverly place. Born in
County Limerick, Ireland, August 27, 1867. Appointed
patrolman January 29, 1889.

Philip G. Yawinan, residence 60 George street. Born in
Scottsville, N. Y., February 28, 1857. Appointed patrolman
March 19, 1889 ; now special night officer at headquarters.

Thomas Ragan, residence 201 Tremont street. Born in
Rochester, N. Y., October 22, 1855. Appointed patrolman
November 19, 1889.

John F. Cahill, residence 171 Atkinson street. Born in
Ireland June 6, 1862. Appointed patrolman Febntary 4,
1890.

James J. Devereaux, residence 8 Van street. Born in
Rochester, N. Y., April 23. 1867. Appointed patrolman
April 15, 1890.

Frederick Scholl, residence 4 Broezel street. Born in
Tarrytown, N. Y., August n, 1861. Appointed patrolman
April 15, 1890; now doing duty as mounted officer.

William H. Christie, residence 88 Glendale park. Born
in Rochester, N. Y., December 9, 1862. Appointed patrolman
January 6, 1891.

John W. Shayne, residence 85 South Washington street.
Born in Galway, Saratoga county, N. Y., June 22, i860.
Appointed patrolman January 22, 1891.

James H. Martin, residence 500 Genesee street. Born in
Rochester, N. Y., December 13, i860. Appointed patrolman
June 9, 1891.

Lawrence Murray, residence 22 Culver road. Born in
Rochester, N. Y., March 6, 1858. Appointed patrolman June
9, 1891 ; now bicycle officer at headquarters.

Christian Bowers, residence 145 Bartlett street. Born in
Rochester, N. Y., September 4, 1857. Appointed patrolman
June 22, 1891.

John M. Touhey, residence 179 Clifton street. Born in
Canandaigua, N. Y., December 15, i860. Appointed patrolman
June 22, 1891.

S. C. Baldwin, residence 199 South Fitzhugh street. Born
in Riga, N. Y., September 24, 1855. Appointed patrolman
June 29, 1891.

250 History of Police Department

Patrick Conheady, residence 98 Grand avenue. Born in
County Clare, Ireland. Appointed patrolman June 29, 1891.

George A. Fox, residence 32 Rainier street. Born in
Rochester N. Y., May 25, 1868. Appointed patrolman June
29, 1891.

William H. Heinlein, residence 579 St. Paul street.
Born in West Henrietta, Monroe county, August 15, 1867.
Appointed patrolman June 29, 1891.

Robert J. Klein, residence 3 Grant park. Born in
Buffalo, N. Y., August 21, 1861. Appointed patrolman June
29, 1891.

Charles G. Lamniel, residence 95 Wilder street. Born
in Germany October 25, i860. Appointed patrolman June
29, 1891.

Willis R. Lee, residence 112 Parsells avenue. Born in
Middletown, Conn., January 26, 1858. Appointed patrolman
June 29, 1891.

Frank V. Natt, residence 130 Ford street. Born in
Palmyra, Wayne county, N. Y., April 25, 1864. Appointed
patrolman June 29, 1891.

Jeremiah J. Sullivan, residence 166 Reynolds street.
Born in Spencerport, Monroe county, N. Y., March 19, 1861.
Appointed patrolman June 29, 1891 ; now doing duty as
mounted officer.

Casper W. Vaughan, residence 383 Brown street. Born
in Pittsford, N. Y., March 8, 1854. Appointed patrolman
June 29, 1891.

John G. Burns, residence 9 St. Clair street. Born in
Davenport, Iowa, June 14, 1867. Appointed patrolman
September 1, 1891.

A. J. Legler, residence 91 Charlotte street. Born in
Mankato, Minn., August 10, 1864. Appointed patrolman
September 1, 1891.

Henry F. Spahn, residence 9 Terry street. Born in
Rochester, N. Y., July 8, 1863. Appointed patrolman
September 1, 1891.

John S. Pearson, residence 18 Rogers avenue. Born in
West Walworth, Wayne county, N. Y., August 13, 1862.

Rochester, New York 231

Appointed patrolman May 4, 1892 ; now doing duty as
mounted officer.

William O'Connor, residence 146 Orange street. Born
in Rochester, N. Y., December n, 1864. Appointed
patrolman May 4, 1892.

John M. Sellinger, residence 5 Montrose street. Born in
Rochester, N. Y., January 24, 1866. Appointed patrolman
May 4, 1892.

Patrick A. Hurley, residence 34 Romeyn street. Born
in Stockholm, St. Lawrence county, N. Y. Appointed
patrolman June 15, 1892.

Erastus Horton Miller, residence 66 Catherine street.
Born in Rochester, N. Y., October 13, 1864. Appointed
patrolman July 11, 1892.

Thomas Sheehan, residence 18 North Washington street.
Born in Ireland, April 1, i860. Appointed patrolman
September 6, 1892.

William McDonald, residence 89 Kent street. Born in
Peterboro, Canada, August 3, 1867. Appointed patrolman
November 16, 1892.

William B. Kinnear, residence 220 Parsells avenue.
Born in Scotland December 26, 1S63. Appointed patrolman
February 8, 1893.

Joseph G. Schmucker, residence 374 Hawley street.
Born in Rochester, N. Y., November 18, 1862. Appointed
patrolman February 8, 1893.

Frederick V. Beachel, residence 42 Cypress street. Born
in Batavia, N. Y., February 2, 1865. Appointed patrolman
February 16, 1893 > now doing duty as mounted officer.

James B. Doyle, residence 281 Brown street. Born in
County Wicklow, Ireland, May 16, 1862. Appointed
patrolman May 1, 1893.

John A. Tindell, residence 12 Dawn street. Born in
Geneva, Ontario county, N. Y., August 18, 1869. Appointed
patrolman May 1, 1893.

Henry A. Ireland, residence 20 Delano street. Born in
Beeton, Canada, January 10, 1866. Appointed patrolman
June 10, 1893.

232 History of Police Department

Daniel D. Ingall, residence 21 Menlo place. Born in
Wheatland, N. Y., March 25, 1861. Appointed patrolman
June 15, 1893.

R. D. Courneen, residence 194 Averill avenue. Born in
Rochester, N. Y., July 24, 1870. Appointed patrolman July
24, 1893-

Henry Ehrmentraut, residence 15 Morgan street. Born
in Rochester, N. Y, August 14, 1863. Appointed patrolman
July 24, 1893.

George W. McKelvey, residence 191 Saratoga avenue.
Born in Rochester, N. Y., September 13, 1868. Appointed
patrolman July 24, 1893 ; now doing special duty at
railroads and coal yards.

Stephen E. Drexelius, residence 81 Wellington avenue.
Born in Rochester, N. Y., February 24, 1870. Appointed
patrolman 25, 1893.

Thomas J. Condon, residence no Jones street. Born in
Limerick county, Ireland, April, 1866. Appointed patrolman
July 26, 1893.

John Hetzler, residence 921 Jay street. Born in
Rochester, N. Y., November 3, 1863. Appointed patrolman
July 26, 1893.

John E. Lane, residence 20 Anne street. Born in
Rochester, N. Y., October 23, 1868. Appointed .patrolman
July 26, 1893.

D. K. McCarthy, residence 5 Arnett street. Born in
Ireland February 14, 1868. Appointed patrolman July 26,
1893 ; now ordinance officer.

William J. Quinlan, residence 149 Atkinson street. Born
in Rochester, N. Y., February 4, 1869. Appointed patrolman
July 26, 1893.

Patrick J. Sullivan, residence 34 Sullivan street. Born
in Rochester, N. Y., February 15, 1869. Appointed
patrolman November 27, 1893.

John J. Lynch, residence 331 Brown street. Born in
Rochester, N. Y., Nov. 8, 1864. Appointed patrolman
December 1, 1893; now turnkey.

Rochester, New York 233

William C. Muir, residence 1 58 Champlain street. Born
in Rochester, N. Y., July 14, 1863. Appointed patrolman
December r, 1893 > assigned to the district-attorney's office.

Edward J. Pfitsch, residence 226 Avenue A. Born in
Rochester, N. Y., June 9, 1867. Appointed patrolman
December 1, 1893.

Robert R. Williamson, residence 302 Reynolds street.
Born in County Cork, Ireland, May 8, 1865. Appointed
patrolman April 4, 1894.

Joseph F. Clasgens, residence 23 Cleveland place. Born
in Rochester, N. Y., August 10, 1865. Appointed patrolman
April 5, 1894.

Philip George Amlinger, residence 2 Ketchum street.
Born in Sheldon, N. Y., July 11, 1864. Appointed patrolman
November 17, 1894.

Frederick J. Decker, residence 77 Glendale park. Born
in Rochester, N. Y., August' 21, 1864. Appointed patrolman
November 17, 1894.

William H. Davenport, residence 34^ Chatham street.
Born in Rochester, N. Y., March 12, 1850. Appointed
patrolman April 26, 1895 ! now P ar k officer.

Martin T. Cook, residence 401 Lexington avenue. Born
in Port Hope, Canada, November 10, 1864. Appointed
patrolman May 27, 1895.

Williams C. Spillings, residence 35 Stillson street. Born
in Cornwall, Vt., December 17, 1864. Appointed patrolman
October 1 , 1 895 ; now physical instructor.

Alexander Ashley, residence 221 Henrietta street. Born
in Kingston, Canada, October 26, 1 865. Appointed patrolman
March 18, 1896.

Alden T. Budd, residence 104 Flint street. Born in
Greece, N. Y., June 20, 1847. Appointed patrolman March
26, 1896; now park officer.

Frederick J. Schultz, residence 7 Manila street. Born in
Brighton, N. Y., March 27, 1872. Appointed patrolman
March 30, 1896; bicycle officer, second precinct.

Henry C. Greve, residence 48 Concord street. Born in
Germany December 21, 1865. Appointed patrolman May 27,
1896.

234 History of Police Department

Eugene B. Sullivan, residence 599 Monroe avenue.
Born in Brighton, N. Y., March 26, 1872. Appointed
patrolman August 4, 1896.

John B. Toomey, residence 751 Plymouth avenue. Born
in Brighton, N. Y., February 1, 1866. Appointed patrolman
August 4, 1896.

Robert D. Kellogg, residence 143 Clifton street. Born
in Rochester, N. Y., July 10, 1865. Appointed patrolman
February 17, 1897.

William L,. Sander, residence 637 Clinton avenue north.
Born in Rochester, N. Y., November 22, 1870. Appointed
patrolman February 17, 1897.

John D. Trant, residence 70 Pearl street. Born in
Seneca Falls, N. Y., June 5, 1869. Appointed patrolman
February 17, 1897.

Charles E. Twetchell, residence 376 Pennsylvania avenue.
Born in Webster, N. Y., March 22, 1866. Appointed
patrolman March 8, 1897 > bicycle officer, third precinct.

William H. Dutcher, residence 28 Wooden street. Born
in Avon, N. Y., July 24, 1865. Appointed patrolman March
10, 1897.

Otto F. Isler, residence 381 Troup street. Born in
Shortsville, N. Y., January 30, 1870. Appointed patrolman
September 28, 1898.

Mathew J. Lally, residence 295 Plymouth avenue. Born
in Little Falls, N. Y., May 8, 1870. Appointed patrolman
December 19, 1898.

Daniel Schout, residence 50 Scrantom street. Born in
Rochester, N. Y., May 25, 1869. Appointed patrolman
December 21, 1898.

William G. England, residence 30 Ontario street. Born
in county Tipperary, Ireland, June 7, 1869. Appointed
patrolman January 1, 1899.

Maurice W. Scanlon, residence 228 Tremont street.
Born in county Kerry, Ireland, June 6, 1867. Appointed
patrolman January 1, 1899.

Paul Waddington, residence 16 Milburn street. Born
in Greece, N. Y., August 16, 1865. Appointed patrolman
January 29, 1S99.

Rochester, New York 235

George Sullivan, residence 71 Otis street. Born in
Rochester, N. Y., October 15, 1873. Appointed patrolman
January 29, 1899.

Edward T. Burke, residence 183 Atkinson street. Born
in Rochester, N. Y., February 10, 1866. Appointed patrolman
January 31, 1899.

James Collins, residence 515 Lyell avenue. Born in
Oswego, N. Y., April 20, 1870. Appointed patrolman
January 31, 1899.

Patrick Convey, residence 18 Joiner street. Born in
Wicklow, Canada, June 8, 1867. Appointed patrolman
January 31, 1899.

John T. Farrell, residence 56 Gorham street. Born in
Williamson, Wayne county, N. Y. Appointed patrolman
January 31, 1899.

Frank V. Hackett, residence 1 10 Richard street. Born
in Pittsford, N. Y., June 2, 1868. Appointed patrolman
January 31, 1899.

William Morrice, residence 143 Maryland street. Born
in Belleville, Canada, September 17, 1865. Appointed
patrolman January 3r, 1899.

William A. O'Neil, residence 42 Elizabeth street. Born
in Rochester, N. Y., November 29, 1871. Appointed patrol-
man January 31, 1899.

Walter Phalen, residence 338 Monroe avenue. Born in
Livonia, N. Y., May 28, 1874. Appointed patrolman January
31, 1899.

Henry F. Prien, residence 1 7 Nicholson street. Born in
Andrew county, Mo., May 22, 1867. Appointed patrolman
January 31, 1899.

Frank Siener, residence 58 Wilder street. Born in
Rochester, N. Y., October 2, 1873. Appointed patrolman
January 3r, 1899; now desk clerk, captain's office, at head-
quarters.

Archibald H. Sharpe, residence 75 Driving Park avenue.
Born in Rochester, N. Y., June 14, 1876. Appointed patrol-
man January 31, 1899.

236 History of Police Department

Gregory P. Smith, residence 415 Gregory street. Born in
Rochester, N. Y., December 11, 1873. Appointed patrolman
January 31, 1899.

Edward Kirby, residence 196 Troup street. Born in
Medina, N. Y., May 4, 1867. Appointed patrolman February
1, 1899.

Joseph M. Heintz, residence 200 Seward street. Born
in Rochester, N. Y., April 23, 1870. Appointed patrolman
March 27, 1899.

William J. Hoey, residence 31 Avenue E. Born in
Auburn, N. Y., August 3, 1871. Appointed patrolman April
3, 1899.

Thomas J. McKeon, residence r5 North Washington
street. Born in LeRoy, N. Y., October 3, 1875. Appointed
patrolman May 22, 1890.

Martin J. Reichenberger, residence 250 Wilder street.
Born in Rochester, N. Y., December 1, 1874. Appointed
patrolman May 22, 1899.

Martin R. Cullen, residence 175 Lyell avenue. Born in
Rochester, N. Y., February 6, 1871. Appointed patrolman
June 19, 1899.

John Kenealy, residence 80 Frank street. Born in
Rochester, N. Y., September 16, 1868. Appointed patrolman
June 29, 1899.

Ignatz Hetzler, residence 20 Boston street. Born in
Rochester, N. Y., August 21, 1873. Appointed patrolman
September 25, 1899.

Joseph P. Witaschek, residence 164 Averill avenue. Born
in Carrolton, 111., June 28, 1874. Appointed patrolman
September 25, 1899.

James B. Bennett, residence 15 Glendale park. Born in
Port Byron, N. Y., June 20, 1870. Appointed patrolman
December 22, 1899.

William Geib, residence 137^ Reynolds street. Born
in Rochester, N. Y., July 16, 1873. Appointed patrolman
December 21, 1899.

Charles E. Post, residence 20 Dejonge street. Born in
Rochester, N. Y., April 7, 1870. Appointed patrolman
December 27, 1899.

Rochester, New York 237

Frank Eckrich, residence 155 South Fitzhugh street.
Born in Dansville, N. Y., February 12, 1870. Appointed
patrolman Jan. 1, 1900.

William F. Popp, residence 57 Tacoma street. Born in
Rochester, N. Y., March 25, 1877. Appointed patrolman
January 3, 1900.

Dennis D. McGrath, residence 388 Benton street. Born
in Brighton, N. Y., February 28, 1876. Appointed patrolman
January 22, 1900.

John H. McMahon, residence 1099 Main street East.
Born in Rochester, N. Y., March 16, 1864. Appointed
patrolman April 16, 1900.

George G. Alt, residence 870 Clinton avenue north.
Born in Rochester, N. Y., August 6, 1862. Appointed
patrolman April 18, 1900.

Perry Shove, residence 111 Atkinson street. Born in
Utica, N. Y., August 18, 1844. Appointed patrolman May
1, 1900; park officer.

William S. Goddard, residence 15 Stanley street. Born
in Salem, Meigs county, Ohio, February 4, 1844. Appointed
patrolman June 9, 1900 ; park officer.

Patrick R. Hennessey, residence 483 Lyell avenue. Born
in Eockport, N. Y., April 15, 1868. Appointed patrolman
June 14, 1900.

John C. McClease, residence 522 Child street. Born in
Grove, Allegany county, N. Y., June 27, 1877. Appointed
patrolman June 15, 1900.

William Weidman, residence 246 Whitney street. Born
in Rochester, N. Y., October 14, 1875. Appointed patrolman
June 18, 1900 ; bicycle officer, fifth precinct.

John T. Campbell, residence 5 Harwood street. Born
in Rochester, N. Y., April 25, 1870. Appointed patrolman
July 21, 1900.

James McD. Ellis, residence 8 North Washington street.
Born in Rochester, N. Y., March 1 6, 1 876. Appointed patrolman
July 28, 1900.

William Mclnerney, residence 16 Edgewood park. Born
in Salamanca, N. Y., April 15, 1875. Appointed patrolman

238 History of Police Department

December 9, 1 900 ; doing special duty at railroads and coal
yards.

Charles Demler, residence 15 Gladys street. Born in
Mendon, N. Y., December 8, 1869. Appointed patrolman
January 1, 1901.

F. J. Van Auker, residence 49 Benton street. Born in
Rochester, N. Y., July 12, 1876. Appointed patrolman
February 25, 1901.

Walter D. McLean, residence 707 North Goodman street.
Born in Rochester, N. Y., May 21, 1874. Appointed patrolman
May 14, 1901.

James E. Murphy, residence 194 Oak street. Born in
Rochester, N. Y., May 9, 1868. Appointed patrolman May
19, 1901.

Richard A. Fagan, residence 63 North street. Born in
Mendon, N. Y., February 10, 1875. Appointed patrolman
May 22, 1901.

DeWitt C. Howland, residence 2 Riley place. Born in
Manchester, N. Y., Sept. 1, 1869. Appointed patrolman
June 1, 1 901.

Louis Fleckenstein, residence 678 Jay street. Born in
Rochester, N. Y., January 17, 1874. Appointed patrolman
June 3, 1901.

John P. Matheis, residence 328 Brown street. Born in
Rochester, N. Y., May 13, 1869. Appointed patrolman June

3, '9°i-

Joseph H. Nolin, residence 74 Bartlett street. Born in
Rochester, N. Y., January 15, 1869. Appointed patrolman
June 18, 1901.

George L. Miller, residence 99 Portland avenue. Born
in Lancaster, N. Y., September 19, 1872. Appointed
patrolman June 18, 1901.

James Schemerhorn, residence 12 Breck street. Born in
Montezuma, N. Y., August 10, 1870. Appointed patrolman
June 20, 1 90 1.

John M. Leary, residence 65 Almira street. Born in
Brighton, N. Y., May 18, 1869. Appointed patrolman
August 3, 1901 ; park officer.

Rochester, New York 239

Charles F. Steinmiller, residence 7 Mark street. Born
in Rochester, N. Y., February 25, 1870. Appointed patrolman
August 23, 1 901.

John G. Ries, residence 435 Child street. Born in
Rochester, N. Y., March 22, 1873. Appointed patrolman
August 27, 1901 ; park officer.

Herman Ludke, residence 262^ Clifford street. Born
in Grumsdorff, Germany, November 10, 1872. Appointed
patrolman August 31, 1901 ; park officer.

Joseph J. McKenna, residence 340 Plymouth avenue.
Born in Rochester, N. Y., September 9, 1875. Appointed
patrolman August 31, 1901 ; park officer.

L,eRoy C. Rector, residence 272 Oak street. Born in
Penn Yan, Yates county, N. Y., July 21, 1874. Appointed
patrolman November 18, 1901.

Adam Apfel, residence 173 Sixth street. Born in
Rochester, N. Y., September 5, 1855. Appointed patrolman
March 17, 1902.

The Police Court

John H. Chadsey, the police justice, was born at Ballston
Spa, Saratoga county, March 1, 1845, an< 3 was educated at a
private school, at the union school in Schenectady and at
Cooper Institute, New York city. Having enlisted during
the Civil war in the i32d New York volunteers and being
rejected on account of his youth, he entered upon the study
of law, at the age of eighteen, in the office of John Graham,
at New York, and was admitted to the bar April 26, 1866.
Having taken up the practice of law in this city a few years
ago, he was elected to the office of police justice in November,
1901, for the term of six years. He was married at Penfield,
Monroe county, December 27, 1871 ; is a member of the
Baptist church and belongs to the Masonic fraternity and the
Knights of Pythias ; resides at 335 Lexington avenue.

Charles B. Bechtold, the clerk of the police court, was
born at Rochester June 6, 1874 ; was appointed to his present
position January 1, 1902; was admitted to the bar July n,
1902 ; resides at 340 Brown street.

240 History op Police Department

Roy P. Chadsey was born at Penfield July 10, 1874 ; was
appointed deputy police court clerk March 6, 1902 ; resides at
335 Lexington avenue.

A. Wiedman, the police investigator, was born at
Rochester November 15, 1865. He was appointed investigator
March 1, 1902 ; resides at 135 Magnolia street.

Charles E. Callahan was born at Rochester April 20,
1879, and educated at the Free academy, graduating in 1898.
After studying law with Hone & Hone he was appointed
prosecuting attorney for the police court by Corporation
Counsel French February 21, 1900, and reappointed by
Corporation Counsel Sutherland January 1, 1902 ; was
admitted to the bar March 16, 1902 ; is a member of the
Immaculate Conception church, the Knights of Columbus
and the Union club ; resides at 251 Adams street.

Rochester, New York

241

The following schedule will show the location of the
various members of the department :

en
1*

OJ
u
a

a"
X

«J

"o

Ph

1

_c

'{J

V

u
u

s

I

'0

V

u
Ph

O
u

V

•A

u

a,
H

'0

V

u

Pn

u
3

Hi

c

OJ

Oh

s

3

M
QJ
1-
3

PQ

>

u
<u

<y

C

3

<u
u
3

«

"o
+j

a
Ph

Chief

Captain and Acting Inspector

Director

I

Captain

I

I

1
I

2
2

7

15
1

1

1

I
I

2

3

6

10

1

1
1

Lieutenant

I

2

15
15
20

Sergeants

2 2

3

Morning officers

1
1

Afternoon officers

Night officers

5
7
3

1

1

7

11

1

1
1

1

Park officers

Stenographer

Bicycle officers

1

I

Mounted officers

Special officers

7

8

Superintendent of Telegraph Bureau. .

Police operators

4

Matron

1

3
3
3

16

Temporary officers 7

Park officers 6

Regular members of the department 193

INDEX

Allan, Indian, 9, ir.

Allen, Francis B., 115 133, 218.

Antonio, Maurice, murders Pinto,

87.
Baird, John A , 115, 133, 215.
Barron, Octavius, murders Lyman,

72, 76.
Bertillon system, 193.
Bradshaw, George, 67, 71.
Briggs, Charles W., 161.
Brighton, 14, 32.
Brown, Bela E., murder of, 181.
Captains of the watch, 55, 62, 67,

69, 71, 92.
Card system, 195.
Carnahan, George A., 167.
Carroll, Major Charles, 11.
Carroll, Mayor, closes the saloons,

146.
Carthage, 13, 75.
Cartwright, Dr. R. C, 134, 171,
Casey, James D., 171.
Castle Town, 13.
Census, 17, 24, 32, 37, 52.
Chadsey, John H., 239.
Charter, 20, 37, 53, 164.
Chiefs of police, 92, 93, 19S.
Child, Mayor, 52, 57.
City government, first 52.
City hall built, 124.
City incorporated, 52.
City watchmen, 55.
Civil Service law, 115, 130.
Civil Service rules, 189.
Clark, George, mysterious suicide,

136.
Clark, John, murders Trevor, 125,
Cleary, Joseph P., 114, 115, 132,

133, 135, 179. I9L 2I °-
Coal dealers' conspiracy, 151,
Coal famine in 1902, 185.
Commissioner of jurors, 159.

Commissioners of Public Safety,

167, I69, 171, 199.
Constables, first, 19 ; village, 43.
Coombs, Alexander J., 111.
Cooper, George G., 108, 147.
County, formation of, 25, 26
Court-house, first, 27.
Court-house, second, 85.
Court-house, third, 155.
Cummings, Patrick J., 187.
Cunningham strike, 127,
Cutler, James G., 167, 171.

Dana, Francis, 61, 62.

Davis, John B., 114, 115.

Day, Arthur H., murders his wife,

145-
Deacons, Edward A., murders Mrs.

Stone, 140.
DeStaebler, Mrs. Addie, 134, 224
Dingle, Ethel, tragedy of , 183.
Directory of 1827, 27, 31, 40, 42.
Dorthy, John F., general swindler,

157.
Dresser, Jonathan, 113.
Duel on Pinnacle hill, 78.
Dukelow, Thomas, 181.

Eagle Hotel, 25.

Eastwood, Martin, trial of, 99.

Egnor, Clarence, murders a keeper,

173-
Executions, 76, 78, 88, 103, 118,
125 141.

Falls Field tragedies, 99, 1 19.
Fickett, William S., 179
Fire, regulations regarding, 41.
First bridge in Rochester, 16

" building '' 9.

" court " 24.

" house " 13.

" murder " 72.

Fitzhugh, Col. William, n.

Rochester, NewYork .

=43

Forgery, notable cases of, 35, 137,

143. 147-
Foundry strike, 137.
French, Mrs. Louisa, beaten and

robbed, 179.
Fugitive slaves, rendition of, 97.
Furtherer, Benedict C, 114, 115,

133, 145. 215.

Gilman, George A., 169, 171, 206.
Gommenginger, Louis, murdered

by Fairbanks, 126.
Gorham street riot, 139.
Gould, Mayor, 60, 61.

Hall, Benjamin F., 67.
Hall, Capt Basil, narrative of, 43.
Hardenbrook, John K., trial of, 79.
Hayden, John C, 133, 134, 143,

145, 169, 173, 213.
Hebard, Henry S., 108, 147.
Heckel, John C, 114.
Hickey, George, murder of, 183.
Home for Idle and Truant Children ,

House of Refuge, 84.
Howe, Jacob, jr., 115.
Howe, Jacob, sr., 108, 129.
Howard riot, 121.
Hubbell park fire, 175.
Hughes, James, extortion, 148.
Hulbert, Leslie, divorce lawyer,

175-
Hyland, Michael, 133, 139.

Indians, 7, 8, 9, 18, 23.

Jail, first, 29.

Jail, second, 49.

Jail, third, 139.

Jarrard, Robert, murders Rice, 127.

Jury commissioner, 159.

Kearns, Dominick, killed by Chat-
field, 157.

Keating, Theresa, murder of, 175.

Keeney, Elisha J., 71, 95, 125.

Keith, William, 114, 133, 154.

Kelly, John, tried for murder, 129.

Kent, Leland Dorr, convicted of
manslaughter, 183.

Knockings, Rochester, 81.

Know-Nothings, 97.

Lamp and watch district, 54.

Lauer, Peter, 113, 133.

Loos, Nicholas J., 114, 115.

Lutz, Jacob, murder of, 129.

Lyman, Rodney, 67.

Lyman, William, murder of, 72.

Lynch, Thomas, 113, 133, 144.

Manley, William, kills O'Neil, 142.
Marzluff, Ferry, 113, 133.
Mayors of the city, 198.
McCormick, Charles E., 113, 114,

132. 133. 1 5'-
McDermott, John E., 133, 135, 191,

214.
McFarlane, Florence, killed by

Mrs. Youngs, 185.
McLean, Alexander, 113, 132, 158.
McQuatters, John C, 177.
Meagher, William C, 224
Messner, Franz Joseph, murders

his wife, 114.
Miller, John H., kills his son, 147.
Miller, Louis W., 191, 225.
Montgomery, David, kills his wife,

119.
Moore, D. D. T., 108.
Moore, Emma, disappearance of,

96.
Moore, S. W. D., 69, 83, 93, 119.
Morgan abduction, 37.
Mormon Bible, 49.
Mudgett, William, 95.
Murderers' row, 153.
Neeley, C. F. W., postal embezzler,

173-
Night watch, 23, 31, 54, 62, 63.

One-Hundred-Acre tract, 10,
O'Neil, officer, killed by Manley,

142.
Operators, telegraph, 225.
Ordinances, 40, 55, 63, 169, 171.
Orton, Jonathan T., murdered, 116.
Oviatt, W. D., 94, 105

Parsons, Cornelius R., 181.

Patrolmen, 199, 226.

Peart, William H, murder of, 159,

Penitentiary, 89.

Phelps & Gorham Purchase, 8.

Pierce, Herbert W., 157.

244

History of Police Department

Pierce, Porter P., disappearance of,

79-
Pierce, Dr S. A., 134.
Police Benevolent association, 190.
" bulletin, 195.
" captains, 199.
" clerks, 199.

commissioners, 108, 199.
department, its birth, 23 ; it
gets a chief, 92 ; reorganised,
108.
Police headquarters, 157.
" justices, 199.
" matron, 134.
" ordinances, 40, 55, 63, 169,
171.
Police pension fund, 189.

■' telegraph system, 191.
Precincts, five, established, 169.
Pscherhofer, Austrian swindler,

148.
Pulteney estate, 11.

Rice, Wallace, murdered, 127.
Richardson, Alexander, 69, 71.
Riots, 79, 83, 99, 121, 139, 143.
Robertson, John B., trial of, 105.
Rochester, settlement of, 13 ; as a

village, 19, 20; name changed,

31 ; growth of, 44 ; as a city, 52.
Rochester Gazette, 5.
Rochester, Nathaniel, ir, 13.
Rochester Telegraph, 5, 31, 33.
Rodenbeck, Adolph J., 142, 171.
Rose, Newton, 55.
Roworth, Joseph S., 113, 133, 135.
Russ, Herman, 135, 171, 215.
Ryan, James E., 134, 217.
Sabbatarianism, 49.
Sam Patch, 48.

Schwartz, Samuel, 134, 135, 216.
Scrantom, Delia, 15.
Scrantom, Edwin, 13.
Second-Adventist riot, 79.
Semi-centennial celebration, 130.
Settlement of Rochester, 13.
Sherman, Samuel M., 93, 109, 113.
Smith, George A., murders his wife,

161.
Squires, Austin, murders his wife,

77-

Stapleton, Dr. John A., 169, 171,

189, 213.
State Industrial School, 84.
Stetson, Benjamin L., 135
Stone, Mrs Alonzo A., murdered,

140.
Stone, Enos, 15.
Stone, Isaac W., 17, 44.
Stoddard, Samuel, killed by Lynch,

144.
Stout, Ira, murders Littles, 99.
Strikes, Cunningham, 127; foundry,

137 ; street laborers, 139; street

car, 143 ; building trades, 177.
Sullivan. Patrick H., 11 1, 115. i 22 >

127.
Swanton, Robert B., 163.

Thayer, Emory, murder of, 139.
Tice, Joseph L-, murders his wife,

149.
Trevor, John, murdered by Clark,

i 2 5-
Trustees of the Village, 20, 21, 40,
197.

TJnderhill, Charles F., insurance
swindler, 150.

VanSlyck, AddyW., first chief of

police, 92.
Village incorporated, 19, 20.
'' ordinances, 40.
police, 33.

Watch, captain of the, 55, 62, 67,

69, 71.
Watch, city, 55.

" duties of the, 63.

night, 23, 31, 54. 62, 63.
Watch-house,. its various locations,

57. i 2 4. 157-
Watt, Robert, kills his brother,

159-
White charter, 164.
Wolfschlager, Jacob, murders Dem-

ico, 149.

Young, Charles, saloon broker, 151.
Youngs, Mrs. Lulu M., kills Flor
ence McFarlane, 185.

Zimmer, Frederick, 115, 161,
Zimmerman, M. J., 134, 171, 212.

History of Police Department

Union Trust Company

25 STATE STREET

^

Capital and Surplus $325,000

Resources - - $3,000,000

4

INTEREST

OPEN ACCOUNTS SUBJECT TO CHECK
CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT ISSUED

<M

m

<&

FRANK TAYLOR

President

BENJ. E. CHASE

1st Vice President

GEO. WELDON

- 2d Vice President

FREDERICK W. ZOLLER

Secretary

History of Police Department

Rochester Trust and Safe Deposit Co.

25 EXCHANGE STREET

CAPITAL, - - $200,000

SURPLUS, - $800,000

RESOURCES, - - $13,000,000

HAVE YOU AN ACCOUNT WITH THE LARGEST TRUST

COMPANY BETWEEN NEW YORK AND CHICAGO?

Pays 4 Per cent on deposits subject to check without notice

LOANS on Bond and Mortgages

LOANS on Approved Collateral

ISSUES Sight Bills of Exchange on all the principal cities of

the world. .... . . .

ISSUES LETTERS OF CREDIT

Largest Trust Company between New York and Chicago

J. S. BACHE & CO.

BANKERS AND BROKERS

141, 143 & 145 Powers Building
MAX BRICKNER, Manager Telephone 199

LITHOGRAPHY

in all its branches

Mac MILLAN

Lithographic Co.

EMBOSSING. FOLDING BOXES
FINE COLOR WORK

196-200 North Water Street ROCHESTER, N. Y.

Rochester, New York

COMPLIMENTS OF

SEN SEN
COMPANY

ROCHESTER, NEW YORK

History of Police Department

FIDELITY AND CONSERVATISM

ARE THE GOVERNING PRINCIPLES OF

THE FIDELITY TRUST CO.

Capital - $200,000

Resources $4,500,000

If you have funds which are temporarily idle bring them to
this bank. They will here draw interest at 4 per cent.

LEWIS P. ROSS. President EDWARD BAUSCH, Vice President

JOHN CRAIG POWERS, Secretary ALBERTO. FENN. Vice President

GEO. J. KEYES, Assistant Secretary

POWERS BUILDING

Rochester, New York

ROCHESTER

SAVINGS BANK

Resources January 1, 1903
Surplus January 1, 1903

$20,841,412.53
1,923,431.30

Money loaned on bond, and mortgage in sums of
$10, COO and under at 5 per cent Over $10,000 at

4 1-2 per cent.

Deposits made on or before the first three bus-
iness days of any month will draw interest
from the first day of that month, provided
they remain in to the end of a quarterly interest
period.

JAMES BRACKETT, President HENRY S. HANFORD, Treasurer

THOMAS H. HUSBAND, Secretary

INCORPORATED 1850

Monroe County Savings Bank

33 and 35 State Street

Officers for 1903

JAMES E. BOOTH. President

RUFUS K. DRYER, - Vice President

ALEXANDER M. LINDSAY. Vice President

DAVID HOYT, Secretary and Treasurer

WILLIAM B. LEE, Attorney

TRUSTEES

George Ellwanger.
Elias S. Ettenheimer,
James E. Booth,
Thomas J. Devine,
Eugene T. Curtis,

Marvin A. Culver,
Cyrus F. Paine,
William Hamilton,
Rufus K. Dryer,
Edward W. Peck,

Geo. G. Clarkson,
Henry A. Strong,
Alexander M. Lindsay,
William B Lee,
Pharcellus V. Crittenden.

History of Police Department

German American Bank

OF ROCHESTER, N . Y.

CAPITAL STOCK
SURPLUS

$200,000
$300,000

FREDERICK COOK,

President

EUGENE H. SATTERLEE,

Vice President

ALBRECHT VOGT,

2d Vice President

FREDERIC P. ALLEN,

Cashier

WILLIAM B. FARNHAM,

Assistant Cashier

Individuals, firms and corporations are offered every
facility and accommodation consistent with sound banking.

PATRONIZE YOUR HOME INSTITUTION

THE ROCHESTER GERMAN
INSURANCE COMPANY

OF ROCHESTER, N. Y.
Office Company's Building Main St. West cor. Irving Place

STATEMENT JANUARY I, 1903

Cash Capital ... - $200,000.00

Reserve for Re-insurance - - 651,903.32

Reserve for Unpaid Losses and other Liabilities 118,999.76

Net Surplus - - - ... 491,090.55

Gross Assets $1,461,993.63

HON FREDERICK COOK, President
EUGENE H. SATTERLEE, 1st Vice Prest. H. F. ATWOOD, Secretary

ALBRECHT VOGT, 2d Vice Prest. J. F. CAMP, Ass't Sec.

Rochester, New York

THOMAS PORTER FORD

ARTHUR BENJAMIN ENOS

iForo & Cttos

ffianftcrgs anrj BroftetS

201-203 WILDER BUILDING

TELEPHONES: ROCHESTER 995

BELL 995 MAIN

CHICAGO BOSTON PHILADELPHIA WASHINGTON NEWARK

28 WEST 33d STREET | Urill VflRK RRANPH i TEMPLE BAR BLDG.

Oppo.ite Waldorf-Astoria | Ht" I Ulll\ QnAllUn ) 44 Court St.. Brooklyn

LONG ISLAND OFFICES: Jamaica. Southampton, Babylon. Bayshort, Patchocuc

DIRECT PRIYATE WIRES TO MAIN OFFICE

W. E. WOODEN D & CO.

BANKERS AND BROKERS

Members New York Con. StocK Exchange

25 BROAD ST., IV. Y.

BROAD-EXCHANGE BUILDING

Stocks, Bonds, Grain & Cotton Bought and Sold for Cash or on Margin

WBITE FOP. OUR DAILY MARKET LETTER AND WEEKLY REVIEW
OUR. CORRESPONDENCE BUREAU
Will furnish information on any Stock Market matters of interest to you

ROCHESTER OFFICE

Powers Hotel and

12 North Fitzhuoh Street

GEO. G. GATES & CO.

Managers

Eocal Securities a Specialty Ph0 nes 1298

^paoer & 0erUns

^embers /^ e to I'orfe Stocft GE t c i) a n g e

Offices : Representing:

ROCHESTER, BUFFALO, TORONTO Jg McINTYRE & MARSHALL

Local Securities Department

MA N A G E R

80embn iR o t Jj e t e t § t c h <B s t % a n b t

Telephone for New Yorkand Chicago Quotations 1 1 34 Telephone for Rochester Quotations 2509

History of Police Department

Hooker, Wyman & Co.

ROCHESTER FRUIT FARM AND NURSERIES

Established 18S6
WE GUARANTEE ALL STOCK STRICTLY FIRST GRADE
AND TRUE TO NAME. BEST STOCK, LOWEST PRICES

S. Sidney B. Roby, President W. S. Roby, Treasurer

THE SIDNEY B. ROBY CO.

JOBBERS OF

Blacksmiths' Supplies, Heavy Hardware,
Bicycle Fittings and Sundries

IRON AND STEEL 208-214 SOUTH AVENUE

Rochester Electric
Signal Company

SUCCESSORS TO

THE STANDARD ELECTRIC SIGNAL COMPANY

MANUFACTURERS AND CONTRACTORS

Fire and Police Alarm Apparatus,
Auxiliary Fire Alarm for Business
Blocks, Factories, Residences, etc.

Cities, Towns. Business Blocks
Factories and Private Residences
Equipped. Estimates Furnished

DIRECTORS
J GEORGE KAELBER, President and Manager
MICHAEL DOYLE, Vice President HOBART F. ATKINSON

E. F. HIGGINS, Secretary and Treasurer C. S KELLOGG

Bell Phone. Main 1092 Office, 107 State Street

Rochester, New York

George B. Dresser

BROKER,

STOCKS

BONDS

I

N V E

S T M

E N T S

L

OC A L

SECURITIES

311 TO 314 WILDER BUILDING
Private Wire to New York Stock Exchange

A. M. MacDONELL

MEMBER NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE

20-22 Trust Building, Exchange St.

Rochester Phone 91 -Bell

Local Securities Bought and Sold

CHARLES E.
WORTHAM, JR.

STOCK

E

6-

ESTABLISHED 1890

D. PUTNAM

Commission Broker

C. E. Woodward

INVESTMENT

Stocks, Bonds, Grain

BROKER

SECURITIES

and Provisions

406 POWERS
BUILDING

7-8 E L WOO D
BUILDING

410 POWERS
BUILDING

History of Police Department

Flour City National Bank

Capital - • $300,000 Surplus - - $170,000

OFFICERS
WALTER B. DUFFY, President WM. C. BARRY, 1st Vice President

E. FRANK BREWSTER, 2d Vice Prest. PETER A. VAY. Cashiei
EDWIN W. BURTON, Assistant Cashier

Geo. Ellwanger
John J. L. Friederich
Jos. T. Ailing"
Wm. L. Ormrod

DIRECTORS
Wm. C. Barry Alexander B. Hone

Levi Adler

S. F. Jenkins, Jr.

Wm. F. Balkam

Jas. B. Perkins
R. B. Sherburne
George L. Eaton

E Frank Brewster
Chas. W. Weis
Walter B. Duffy

ELECTRIC

NEWS

IN THIS CITY THERE ARE NOW
IN USE SOME 150.000 INCANDES
CENT LAMPS, 5000 ARC LAMPS
70C0, H. P. IN MOTORS, 6C0 CEIL
ING FANS, AND ABOUT 30 AUTO
MOBILE CHARGING STATIONS

HENRY M. FURLONG

Commission Broker
116-117-118 Powers Bldg.

STOCKS, BONDS, GRAIN. PROVISIONS

COTTON AND LOCAL SECURITIES

Direct Private Wires

Both Phones 1547

Rochester, New York 11

E. M. UPTON COLD STORAGE. CO.

CLIFF STREET
Capacity 150,000 Barrels

DIRECTORS
E. M. UPTON, President W. E. WOODBURY, Vice President

CHAS H. PALMER, Treasurer
H. C. BREWSTER T. R. LEVIS G. W. ARCHER MICHAEL DOYLE

ICE,

Made from Distilled Hemlock Water
ABSOLUTELY PURE.

ROCHESTER COLD STORAGE AND
ICE. COMPANY

10-16 MOORE STREET
TELEPHONES : \ |g^« «& Rochester, N. Y.

Genesee Fruit Company

Apple Products

TELEPHONE 491 1 to 1 6 MOORE STREET

PROPRIETORS OF

S.R.&J.C. MOTT MILLS, Bouckville, N. Y
DUFFY CIDER COMPANY MILLS, Rochester, N. Y
MILLER & PETTENGILL MILLS, Holley & Clarendon, N. Y
MILLER, PETTENGILL & FOSTER MILLS. Lansing, Mich.

New YorK Office S. R. MOTT, Jr.

50 1 West St., Cor. Jane St. Manager of Rochester Mills

Whitney Elevator 6 Warehouse Co.

Situated on the N. Y. C. 6 H. R. R. R. and Erie Canal

STORAGE

OF

GRAIN AND

GENERAL

MERCHANDISE

LOW RATES OF

INSURANCE

Both Phones 65 126 BROWN STREET

\2 History of Police Department

M. B. Shnntz. President J. K. Hunt, Vice President

H. K. Elston, Secretary and Treasurer

— D I R EOT OR S - —

M. B SHANTZ
HENRY A. STRONG
WM R. PETERS
J . K . HUNT
H. K. ELSTON

JVl.rj. i3hantz Lompany

MANUFACTURERS OF BUTTONS

Branch Salesrooms

NEW YORK
CHICAGO
PHILADELPHIA
CINCINNATI
BALTIMORE
BOSTON

Factories and Main Offices

Rochester, New York

Rochester, New York

15

Tte Smith PremierTypenriter

is a landmark of every well regulated
business community.

THE Smith PrenierTypewriter Co.

Syracuse. NY U.S.A.

A' CO'MPLETE LINE OF TYPEWRITER
SUPPLIES FOR ALL MAKES OF MACHINES

The Smith Premier Typewriter Co.

36 EXCHANGE STREET, ROCHESTER, NEW YORK

14 History of Police Department

NO DARK-ROOM

is required in any part of the work if
you make pictures in the

KODAK

way. Ask your dealer to show the
Kodak Developing Machine.

EASTMAN
KODAK CO

Rochester, New York

EA USCH
GLOME

PflO TO GRA PHI C

LENSES and SHUTTERS
Sold "R.ound the World

are made by. the oldest and best equipped lens making
4x5 Plastigmat f-b.8 actual size establishment in America

5x7 has same size mount

JtAUSCH & LOM'B'ZEISS

AJVASTIGMATS AND
PLASTIGMATS WITH
VOLUTE SHUTTERS

Are Regular lp Furnished on
All High Grade Cameras

When buying your camera this year see that it is.
equipped with one of our superb lenses, making
it possible to do every kind of photography,
and the best photography with one outfit. If your
camera has a Bausch & Lomb lens or shutter you
compete for the

$3,000.00 for Photographs

which is offered absolutely without reserve to users
of our lenses and shutters Send for Booklet.
Catalog of Prism Field Glasses, Microscopes, Project-
ion Lanterns on request.

"BAUSCH AND LOMB
OPTICAL COMPANY

NEW YORK
25th St. and Broadway

BOSTON
120 Boylston St.

CHICAGO
Wabash and Monroe Sis.

16 History of Police Department

g>tantiarti ©tl Co. of Jleto ©orfe

rochester department
618 Granite Building

petroleum J^rotiutts

CAPITOL CYLINDER OIL
RENO WN ENGINE OIL
ATLANTIC RED OIL

Pacuum Oil Co'£ ^lubricating £>il£

Illuminating ©tls

Gi4 S LENES
N A P T H AS
BENZINES

CANDLES EUREKA HARNESS OIL

MICA AXLE GREASE

Rochester, New York 17

VACUUM OIL CO.

Manufacturers of
HIGH GRADE LUBRICATING
AND LEATHER OILS

Main Offices

ROCHESTER, NEW YORK

Works ROCHESTER AND OLEAN

Branch Offices and Distributing Warehouses
in All the Principal Cities of the World.

1 8

History of Police Department

PAPER BOX
MACHINERY.

M. D. Knowlton
F. H. Beach

ROCHESTER, N. Y.

LONDON, ENG.

Rochester, New York

C. T. Ham Mfg. Co.

MANUFACTURERS OF

Tubular Lanterns and Lamps
of every description, also
Railroad Lanterns and
Lamps of all kinds

Rochester, New York

20 History op Police Department

BROWN BROTHERS
COMPANY

Continental
Nurseries

Rochester, New York

Prompt, Courteous and Unlimited

service at reasonable rates make a
" ROCHESTER " Telephone as desirable,
convenient and necessary as a clock. Call
up and let us tell you about

Rochester Telephone Co.

59 STONE STREET

Rochester, New York

J. N. BECKLEY, President CHARLES HANSEL. V. P. snd G. M.

Pneumatic Signal Co.

OWNER O F =

STANDARD SIGNAL CO.

Manual and Power

Interlocking and Block

Signaling

See Grand Central Station . N ew York, for the most approved example
of Power Interlocking, all Switches and Signals being operated
by the low pressure pneumatic system owned by this company.

PLANS AND ESTIMATES FOR ALL REQUIREMENTS OF
RAILROAD SIGNALING FURNISHED ON APPLICATION

Address, New York Office, 1122-3 Broad — Exchange Building

TELEPHONE -f?45 BROAD

Or Chicago Office, 1032-33 Monadnock Block

7E lEFSCVE. KAXR7SDX ': ."
Cable Address. Lopressure, New York

With a BELL Telephone in
Your House

You can talk instantaneously to anybody in any
direction, within a radius of 1500 MILES

No other system gives a similar ser\ice
It beats the mail and telegraph to a standstill

DON'T TRAVEL, TELEPHONE

MAIN EXCHANGE— 77 N. FITZHUGH STREET
Chase Exchange — Goodman Street and Park Avenue

The Blue Sign and
the Blue Bell Everywhere

History of Police Department

THE RED CROSS

For Sale by HENRY LESTER
H. B GRAVES
KENNEDY & CO

BEST MADE,
BEST KNOWN
BEST LIKED

Ranges in the
American Market

Manufactured by

Cooperative
Foundry Co.

MAIN STREET W.

STATE STREET

SOUTH AVENUE

PHILIP A. CLUM

GEORGE ATKINSON

OFFICE AND WORKS
Lyell Avenue near City Line

P. A. CLUM & CO.

Brass Founders
and Manufacturers

ROCHESTER, N. Y.

%9 Range

What the old cook said when

she was discharged :

"Well, Miss Sally, I don't

mind dis gittin' fired, but I

DOES hate to leave dat lovely

STERLING T^ANGE.

SILL STOVE WORKS

Rochester, New York

The Pfaudler Co.

C. C. Puffer, President
E. G. Miner, Jr., Vice-President
W. G. Markham. Sec'y andTreasurer
W. D. Pheteplace, Assistant Sec'y

D. O. Paige. Manager Detroit Branch

FOREIGN AGENCIES
I London Paris Stockholm

Brussels

Mannheim

PRINCIPAL OFFICE

126 Cutler Building, Rochester, N. Y., U. S. A.

TELEPHONE 2290

CABLE "PUFFER'

London Office

370 Birbeck Bank Chambers
Holborn. W. C.
Cable " Yonpuf "

Factories

Rochester, N. Y., and Detroit. Mich.

New York Office

Room 55. Fifth Floor

22 Whitehall and 12 Bridge Sts.

Telephone 3546 Broad

Detroit Office

67-99 Fort Street. East
Telephone Main 3455

Otis Elevator

Company

Rochester, N. Y.

F. B. GRAVES, Local Manager

Hydraulic, Steam and Electric Elevators
Steam and Electric Hoisting Engines

History of Police Department

i ■ ■ vMtmt+t, ■,..

From Daguerre
to the

Premo
Supreme

Lvery camera improvement since the day

of Daguerre; every idea that has increased

"<£^^ *!5<Kfr tIle ,lccurac >' an d efficiency of picture taking,

S-^*ag > --A-f»-->>" has been crystalized and perfected in the Premo

y* ^ Supreme. The highest type of camera modern

science can produce, and a worthy representative of

the famous line of Premos. Fully described and pictured in the Premo

book for 1902. An authority on all the requisites of Photography. To

be had at the dealers, or

sent free by mail.

Graf=Comppen Company

Manufacturers of

Cameras

Photo Supplies

and Focal
Plane Shutters

VINCENT STREET, ROCHESTER, N.Y

Good pictures

The

I Petite Century

■

A N.-
Kiual f

blnntlon Camera mln^r with

UIi.sh l'lnl<<» nuil Cnrtrlilicii Hull Him.
s. Small enouili fertile pocket, Fitted

11 Lens, Automatli Sluilter, Adjustable

""' Pinion, Focusing Sere I u

'Btures, Prlov, Slti.GO. Ask youl dealer

>J

CENTURY CAMERA CO.,

Rochester, N. Y.

Century Camera st

Rochester. New York

JL

IT S ALL

k IN THE

Vlens>

ROCHESTER IS THE
CAMERA CITY

The best Cameras in the Worli are made in Rochester
The best Picture at the Recent Mechanic's Institute
Fhotographic Exhibition was made with a

KORONA CAMERA,-

the best Camera that the Camera City has to offer
Send for catalogue

GUNDLACH=MANHATTAN
OPTICAL COMPANY

AXDRSW WOLLENSAK. President ft". C. GORTOX. Vice President and 7"hr.?sa»vr

J- C. UV.LiaV5.4A". SKrttjry

WollensaK Optical Co.

MANUFACTURERS OF

PHOTOGRAPHIC SHUTTERS AND LENSES

280 Central Avenue

Rochester, New YorR

Defender Photo Supply Co

ROCHESTER, NEW YORK, U. S. A

Manufacturers. Importers and Dealers in

Photographic Papers

CHEMICALS AND SUPPLIES

Branch Offices

New York Philadelphia

Chicago St. Louis San Francisco

26 History of Police Department

WALL PAPER

CARPETS, OIL CLOTHS, STRAW
MATTINGS, LINOLEUMS, LACE
CURTAINS, and DRAPES, PAINTS,
OILS and VARNISHES at a Great
Reduction of Price.

D. STUCK

96 State St. 69=71=73 Main St. East

Both Phones

DIRECTORS DIRECTORS

PHILIP H. YAWMAN. Pres. GASTAV ERBE, Trbas. & Gen'l Mgr.

FREDERICK WAGNER. Vice-Pres. CHAS. SLEMIN, Jr., Sales Mgr.

CARL F. LOMB, Sec'y. M0R1TZ W1ESNER, Soft.

Yawman <S Erbe
Manufacturing Co.

"■"■—■ "^ ' Highest Grade — — — — ■

Office Filing Devices

Branches : New York. Chicago, San Francisco. Philadelphia. Boston,
Cleveland. Washington, St. Louis, Pittsburg, Toronto and Montreal

Factories and Executive Offices

340=350 St. Paul Street, Rochester, N. Y.

Rochester, New York

A. T. HAGAN CO.

Modern Laundry Machinery

55 NORTH STREET, ROCHESTER, N. Y.
268 CLINTON ST., CHICAGO, ILL. KENDALL, ENGLAND

TAYLOR BROS. CO.

MANUFACTURERS OF

Thermometers

FOR ALL PURPOSES

ROCHESTER, NEW YORK

History op Police Department

UTt Cs DUNN

Makers of Ladies', Misses' and Children's Fine Shoes

The Model Factory
of the World

Capacity
5000 Pairs Per Day

1|

mi-

._

E,. P. R.eed <S Co. Chicago Branch 147 Fifth Avenue

SHOEMAKERS FOR WOMEN San Francisco Branch. 523 Market Street

_, _ . , . . — , . _ , New York Office, Alexander Buildin?

Shoes Carried in Stock at our Factory ' ^^<*mugi uuuuing

FACTORY, ROCHESTER. NEW YORK 19 th Street and 6th Avenue

Rochester, New York

D. ARMSTRONG G. M. NEEL

D. Armstrong «S Co.

Manufacturers of

Women's Boots and
Low Shoes

HAND, GOODYEAR WELTS AND TURNS

Fred S. Todd. Pres. Geo. F. Nier, Vies Pres.

Geo. Clark, Secy, and Treas.

Todd, Bancroft 6 Co,

INCORPORATED

Manufacturers of '

LADIES' SHOES

ROCHESTER, NEW YORK

30

History of Police Department

J W. Jenkins. Pres. Geo. E. Woodcock, 1st Vice-Pres.

F. A. Sherwood, Treas. Chas. 0. Fox, 2d Vice-Pres.

J. W. Jenkins Co.

MANUFACTURERS OF

LADIES' FINE, SHOES

TELEPHONE 858

Wright, Peters <S Co.

MANUFACTURERS OF

LADIES' SHOES

203 = 205-207 MILL STREET

EDMUND VENOR W. A. MONTGOMERY

Venor <S Montgomery

MANUFACTURERS OF

WOMEN'S, MISSELS' AND
mester/ CHILDREN'S SHOES

John Heckel

MANUFACTURER OF

Patented Turn Shanks
and Heels

125 and 127 N. Water Street

Rochester, New York

Long Distance Telephone 536 Main

Rochester Baby Shoe Co.

Manufacturers of

INFANTS' SOFT SOLE SHOES

OFFICE and FACTORY: OVER 151-153-155 STATE STREET

TICHNER & JACOBI

High-Grade Custom Tailoring

St. Paul, Cor. Andrews Street

Established 1860

Bell Phone 2629-L Mail Address, Cor. St. Paul and Avenue D.

Herman Simon

Wholesale Dealer in

Upper Leather Remnants

Wareroom, 59-61 Exchange Street

NATIONAL CASH REGISTER CO.
Dayton, Ohio, U. S. A.

PRICES : $25.00 TO $575.00
T. J. WATSON, Sales Agent, 23 South St. Paul St.

Established 1878 Both Phones

PAUL W. FRIEDLER

: : : Soda and : : :
Mineral Waters

Carbonated Lithia Waters
Fountain Charging 80-82 Lowell St.

;: History of Police Department

Buffalo, Rochester &
Pittsburgh Railway

Operating Through Vestibuled Trains Between

ROCHESTER and PITTSBURG

BUFFALO and PITTSBURG

Equipped with Pullman Sleepers, Handsome Day
Coaches, Cafe and Reclining Chair Cars : : : :

GEO. E. MERCHANT EDWARD C. LAPEY

General Superintendent General Passenger Agent

L. W. ROBINSON, President GEO. L. EATON, Secretary

GEO. H. CLUNE, Treasurer

The Rochester & Pittsburgh
Coal & Iron Co.

Miners of Bituminous Coal and Manufacturers of Coke

Sole Agents for the sale of the Jefferson & Clearfield Coal & Iron Co's

CELEBRATED REYNOLDSVI LLE COAL

Controlling the Reynoldsville Coal Regions — Daily capacity, 25,000 tons Coal, 105 cars Coke

Operating the following mines : Adrian, Beechtree, Eleanora, Florence,
Hamilton, Helvetia, Henry, London, Maplewood, Pancoast, Rochester,
Sandy Lick, Sherwood, Soldier Run, Virginia, Walston :::::::;

SHIPMENTS MADE DIRECT TO ALL POINTS

SHIPPING WHARVES-New York Harbor, Philadelphia, Buffalo
and Charlotte, N. Y.

HARRY YATES C. D. BRACKENRIDGE

General Agent for Buffalo and Canada Sales Agent for the Seaboard

Buffalo, N. Y. 1 Broadway, New York City

General Office, ROCHESTER, N. Y.

History of Police Department

Bicycle Policemen Everywhere

SHOULD RIDE

Hanover Bicycle Tires

GOODRICH CORRUGATED TREAD

Ask your dealer for them.

THE E. H. HALL CO., (Inc.)

Sole Distributors to the Trade for United States and Canada
17 Elm St., Rochester, N. Y., U. S. A.

NO GOODS AT RETAIL

Something New Every Month

High Grade
Sheet Metal Ware

: MANUFACTURED BY :

ROCHESTER STAMPING CO.

Originators of Concentrated True Fruit Syrups, Flavoring Extracts,
Shrub, and the famous Pan=American Orangeade,

over one million glasses of which were sold at the Pan-American
Exposition.

Largest, finest and most complete plant for the manufacture of
Soda Fountain Requisites in the world.

J. Hungerford Smith Co.

ROCHESTER., N. Y.

54

History of Police Department

MORGAN
Machine Co.

ROCHESTER

N. Y.

MANUFACTURERS OF

Wooden Box
MACHINERY

No. 3 Nailing Machine

Estes Manufacturing Co.

MACHINERY

Power Transmission Equipments

( LEATHER BELTING
Manufacturers ! RING-OILING BEARINGS

of

COMPRESSION COUPLINGS
L WOOD-SPLIT PULLEYS

The Best Equipped Engineering Department in the country.
First-class Millwrights and Experts in every line of power transmission.

WE CAN GIVE YOU ( If you are going to build.
VALUABLE I If you are going to increase.

ADVICE

If you are going to make any changes.

NO

Telephones 978

JOB IS TOO SMALL FOR US
CONTRACT TOO LARGE

Send for Catalogue

Rochester, New York 35

Copeland <S Durgin Co.

"GIANT FRAME"

Extension Tables, Dining Room Suites
Lounges, Chairs, Etc.

216 JAY STREET

W. A. Hubbard, Jr., Pres. and Treas. L. D. Eldredge, Vice-Prest.

Fred S. Miller, Sec'y.

HUBBARD <S
ELDREDGE CO.

Fancy Rockers and Chairs

F. R. Stockley, Prest. C. M. Shultz. Vice-Prest. J. M. Shultz, Secy, and Treas.

G. F. Barton, Chief Engineer and Manager

Rochester Bridge <S
Construction Co.

CO-NTR ACTORS AND MANUFACTURERS OF

Bridges and Structural Work

Main Offices: Granite Building, ROCHESTER, N. Y.

10

History of Police Department

A. FABER COMPANY

MAKERS OF HIGH GRADE

Carriages and Sleighs

The Faber

SULKY COMPANY

MAKERS OF

Sulkies,

Racing Wagons and

Jogging Carts

12-14-16 ELY STREET

James Cunningham,
Son & Co.

Carriage and Hearse Builders

Rochester, N. Y., U. S. A.

Genesee Tack Co

Manufacturers of

TACKS

7 AND 9 GRIFFITH STREET

Rochester, New York

37

Max Lowenthal Louis Lowenthal

Harry M. Lowenthal Eugene M. Lowenthal

Rochester
Knitting Works

Established 1868
Max Lowenthal & Brother

KNITTERS OF

Infants' Vests and Bands,
Children's Underwear,
Mittens. Golf Gloves. Leg-
gings. Equestrian Tights.
Toques

422-446 Clinton Ave. S.

COMPLIMENTS OF
ROCHESTER STREET
RAILWAY COMPANY

BAGGAGE MADE BY

Henry Likly & Co.

ROCHESTER, N. Y.

is known wherever the foot of man has trod ; and
wherever known admired for its up-to-dateness and
excellence of construction. The lone traveler, the happy
man on his wedding trip, and the family leaving together
on a journey of rest and recreation, have alike much
to gain by selecting their baggage here, where their
wants are so well understood.

Men's Trunks
Steamer Trunks
Portmanteaus

Wardrobe Trunks
Hand Bags

Women's Trunks
Suit Cases
Bellows Valises

Retail Store : 155 Main Street East

3»

History of Police Department

Premium Tobacco Works

Established 1338

CHEW

PREMIUM

FINE CUT

Not made by the Trust
Made in Rochester, N. Y.

Compliments of

Wm, S. Kimball & Co. Branch

The American Tobacco Co.

Empire moulding Works

Frank S. Newell, President

=MAKERS OF HIGHEST GRADE=

Picture Frames, Mouldings

MAIN OFFICE AND WORKS, ROCHESTER, N. Y.
New York, 13-15 W. 28th Street

Rochester, New York

The Phelps & Lyddon Co.

Piano Cases and Backs

ROCHESTER, N. Y.

John Hofman Co.

MANUFACTURERS OF

Show Cases, Store and Office Fixtures

30 and 32 SOUTH WSTER STREET

Try the

SHUR-ON

EYE GLASS

Elegant

Secure

Co mforl able

BrissJfTemplfrcbspIye'GIassej

"Give Perfect EvcvGlass Comfbrt

SPEAKING OF EYE GLASSES
before you invest again, please investigate

The New

Temple-Clasp
Revolvers

Our frse descriptive booklet or a call
will prove to you that you are not
good to your eyes without them.

BR1GGS OPTICAL CO.

- 29-30 Triangle Bldg. ^^==
Cor. East Avenue an J Main Street E.
ROCHESTER, NEW YORK

40

History of Police Department

WOODLAWN NURSERIES

McKinley
Early

Grape

Wholesale Grower

CHOICE SMALL FRUIT LIST

'We ship nothing inferior.. We seek the trade
of people who know it pays to plant best varie-
ties, bred from sound stock, shipped in right
condition. Write for free catalogue.
ALLEN L. WOOD, Rochester, N. Y.

VICK'S i^VMI

(in

Bunch
of Poppies

Send for a copy of our Garden
and Floral Guide. Mailed free.

James Vick Sons

Rochester, N. Y.

Complete Stock of European and Japanese Decorative Plants

Over 1000 Varieties of Roses. Shrubs, Ornamental and Fruit Trees

We Landscape and Plant Private Estates

G1ENWOOD NURSERIES

Established 1866

GLEN BROTHERS

Emerson S. Mayo, Propr.

Growers, Importers and Retailers

ROCHESTER, N. Y.

CABLE ADDRESS, "CLENWOOD 1

LONG DISTANCE TELEPHONE 1999

Vick & Hill Co.

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL FLORISTS

Azaleas, Palms, Boston Ferns, Roses, Flowering Shrubs, Etc.

Greenhouses at BARNARDS, N. Y.

Rochester, New York

4'

CROSMAN BROTHERS

Importers, Growers, Wholesale and Retail

Seedsmen

Flowering. Bedding and Vegetable Plants,
Poultry Supplies, Garden Tools, Holiday
Green, Gold Fish, Aquariums, Etc.

Retail Store, 275 Main Street East

Wholesale Office, Seed House and Green Houses
503 Monroe Ave. — Electric cars pass the door.

Both Phones

Rochester, N. Y.

INTERNATIONAL SEED CO.
Wholesale Field Seeds and Fertilizers

Office ParR Ave., Cor. Rowley St.
Rochester, N. Y.

TfCiES

Fruit and Ornamental.

Shrubs

Roses

Hardy Plants

All the Best and Hardiest Varieties.

largest Collections in America.

Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue

FREE on Request.

ELLWANGER & BARRY,

Nurserymen -- Horticulturists.

MOUNT HOPE NURSERIES,
Rochester, N.Y.

Established 1340. Mention this paper.

History of Police Department

The Lehigh Valley Coal Co.

MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF

Anthracite Coal

Office, 308 = 309 Wilder "Building

Telephone No. 108

YARDS and TRESTLES, Crouch's Island, South Avenue and Mt. Hope Avenue
Rochester and Bell Telephones No. 1 129

J. H. HORTON. General Northern Sales Agent

Millspaugh & Green
COAL

100 pounds in a bag. 20 bags to a ton.

Office. 9 State St. Yard. Exchange St., Cor. Clarissa

C. S. Kellogg. Manager

'PHONES 273

GEO. T. FOSTER
Lehigh Valley
COAL

Office, 392 Clinton Avenue South, Cor. Griffith

"Both Phones. 764

Rochester, New York

43

Use

Delaware, Lackawanna
& Western R„ R. Go's

CELEBRATED

Scran ton Coal

Ask your dealer for it

The Yates Coal Company

Coal and Coke

General Office, 1st Floor Elwood Bldg.

Theo. C Engert
Henry N. Schlick

H. N. Schlick
& Co.

DEALERS IN

Coal

Office and Yard

82 ST. JOSEPH ST.

Next to N.Y.C. Railroad

Telephone 382

Geo. Engert & Co.

Wholesale and Retail Dealers in

Coal

PRINCIPAL OFFICE AND YARD

No. 306 Exchange Street

44 History of Police Department

BALDWIN SPECIALTY CO.

Ladies' Clothing and Milllinery. Also Gents Cash

Clothing". Furniture and Household

or
Specialties. Sewing Machines. 1900

Washers— Free Trial Credit

Clothes Wringers and Carpet Sweepers repaired.

167-169 Clinton Avenue North

The Desire for
Dress Clothes

is constantly on the increase. We are in a position to
cater to this business, as we carry a full line of L. Adler
Bros. & Cos Evening Dress, Tuxedo and Prince Albert
Suits. These are made in a great variety of sizes, so that
we are able to give a satisfactory fit in all cases.

A. P. LITTLE

Manufacturer

Typewriter Supplies

Rochester, N. Y.

The Rochester News Company

Newsdealers, Stationers
Booksellers and Ci^ar Dealers

Agents for all important publications, American and foreign.

Stationery and cigars at manufacturers' prices. Commercial and office stationery

a specialty.
Branches in ail large cities in the United States ; also in Montreal and Toronto,

Can.; London, Eng.; Leipzig, Germany; Paris, France.

19-27 CHURCH ST., ROCHESTER, N.Y.

Rochester. New York

-t;>

C. D. Van Zandt

Wm. R. Bafnum

The Paine Dru|| Co.

Surgical Instruments, Physicians' Supplies

TRISS FITTING A SPECIALTY

PRESCRIPTIONS CAREFULLY PREPARED
A!l goods at the lowest cut prices consistent with quality

Blauw & Brickner Drug Co.

Wholesale Druggists
60 AND 62 MILL STREET

Establishes) ISc4

Rochester Bill Posting* Co.

'SIGNS

BILL POSTING
on Protected Hoardings.

DISTRIBUTING
from House to House.

SIGN PAINTING
of all kinds.

Manufacturers of "STANDARD" STEAM
PASTE. By the Barrel or Measure.

Publishers of the LYCEUM THEATRE
PROGRAMME.

EDWARD A. STAHLBRODT, Manager
19-21 Mill Street

40 History of Police Department

The R. C. I.

We cordially invite
the public to inspect '
our institution : : : : :

C. D. Wilson, President .- .- — — -- A. L. Fischer, Secretary

This is a Modern, Practical Institution

Those who wish to become perfectly qualified to conduct business for
themselves or take positions as Bookkeepers, Stenographers, Confiden-
tial Secretaries, Court Reporters, Office Assistants, etc., can find no
better place to meet their special requirements.

^iimmpr nnrt Nicrhf Srhnnl« In order *° take advantage of our special rates we

summer anu ixigm otnooib would advise all Ihose interested t0 enro n aton ce,

before we close our classes. 1 — Expert individual instruction in every subject. 2 The rooms
cover several thousand square feet, have all sanitary conditions, are well lighted, well aired, and
comfortable in the hottest weather. 3 - System of Stenography Graham's Standard Phonography.
4— Typewriting Machines— Smith-Premier and Remington. 5— Full correspondence invited.

We thoroughly believe, without a single exception, we can better fit you for
a business education than any other institution of the kind in Rochester.

Rochester Commercial Institute

Offices : 74-75-76-77-78-79-80 Exchange Place Bldg.
Home Phone 4543 16 STATE STREET Bell Phone 610 Main

Electro Surgical Instrument Co.

Manufacturers of

Electrically-Lighted Surgical Instruments

Storage Batteries, Cauteries, Etc.

ROCHESTER, N. Y.

COMPLIMENTS OF

Commercial Correspondence Schools

ROCHESTER, N. Y.

Rochester, New York

47

Turner's Inflammacine

FOR COLD IN THE HEAD

Inflammation, Lameness and Burns. Sure Cure Every Time

EDWIN B. TURNER CO.. Rochester, N. Y., or of the druggist.

Rochester Dyeing Co.

H. LEACH, Proprietor

DYEING AND FRENCH CLEANING

75 Main Street East

Goods Called For and Delivered.
Works— 79-8 1 Stone St. Phones - Bell 2 1 69 ; Heme 965

James Fee

Established 1864

John C. Fee

Fee Brothers Co.

Importers, Distillers and Jobbers in

Fine Wines and Liquors

21-23-25-27 N. Water Street

The Largest Wine and Liquor House in America.

Dining Rooms Upstairs for Large and Small Parties. OPEN SUNDAYS

^ T T/^~> T~> T T?0 Ladies' and Gentlemen's

jUuKU O restaurant

OPEN FROM 6 A. M. TO 1 A. M.

We serve our Famous 25c. Meals on Ground Floor

Table, d'hote Dinners from 5 to 12 p. m., 50c.
Order Cooking at All Hours.

Rear Entrance Pindle Place 53-55 STATE STREET

E. B. Sintzenich

Mechanical Engineer

267 South Ave.

<jf Steam Fire Engines, Yacht, Tug
and Canal Boat Engines and Boilers
made and repaired.
*il Patent Balance Slide Valve and
Thrust Bearing.

W. C. GRAY

q\-.^\*p;-cm.

And Compressed Air
Carpet Cleaning Works

7-13 MT. HOPE AVENUE

The only up-to-date Renovating Works in
Rochester.

4 s History of Police Department

Marine and Stationary Gas Engines

Launches, Rowhoats, Canoes and Boat Fittings

Catalogue on Request —

The Genesee Launch and Power Co.

ROCHESTER, N. Y.
Between Exchange and Fitzhugh Streets, on Erie Canal

ROCHESTER GAS ENGINE CO.

Builders of MARINE and STATIONARY

Gas and Gasoline Engines and Launches

Complete Launchas. lb :j 18 foot in stock. Engines 1 to IS horss powar.

Factory and Show Rooms
DRIVING PARK AVE., NEAR CANAL

lAlJr^p§^ r (aF\0CERs'
MQSELEY& MOTLEY MILLING Co.

Deininger Bros.

Manufacturers of

Superior Crackers

and Biscuits

ROCHESTER, N. Y.

Rochester, New York

49

Michaels, Stern & Co.

Manufacturers of

Men's, Youths' and Boys' Clothing

ROCHESTER, N. Y.

New York Salesroom— 754-758 Broadway, cor. 8th St.
Chicago Salesrooms — Medinah Temple, Room, 415 and 240 Franklin St.

Smith, Bier & Gormly

Wholesalers only of

Dry Goods, Notions, Men's Furnishings

37 and 39 St. Paul Street

MATHEWS & BOUCHER

Builders' Fine Hardware, Mechanics' and
Contractors' Tools

Superior Warranted Cutlery, comprising Pocket Knives,
Razors, Shears, Carvers, Table Knives, Etc.

26 EXCHANGE STREET

ticftep & ifteetnan Co,

S^anufacturing: Clot&tatf

THIS LABEL IS A GUARANTEE OF THE HIGHEST
EXCELLENCE OF READY-TO-WEAR CLOTHING

: BRANCH OFFICES^

DETROIT. Mich., 154 Woodward Ave., Herman Kern, Representative

GRAND RAPIDS, Mich., 28-30 S. Ionia St , William Connor Co., Representative

BOSTON, Mass., 597 Washington St., E. A. Hemenway, Representative

so

History of Police Department

IS( SEAL )-J

\7&»> < *\^

Eagle Brand

GOODS ARE HIGH QUALITY

TEAS, COFFEES
CANNED GOODS
SPICES
EXTRACTS

We import our own Teas and Dry Roast
our Coffees ::::::":::::

George C. Buell & Co.

Rochester, N. Y. and Auburn N. Y.

Dake Drug Co.

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL

DRUGGISTS

219 and 221 Main Street East, Corner Clinton Avenue

F. H. Clement. Pres. J. E. McKelvey. Treas G. C. Southard, Sec.

THE ERIE FOUNDRY CO.
Machinery Castings a Specialty

330 LYELL AVENUE

Telephone 543

Rochester, N>w York

Established 1843

James
Field Co.

Awnings, Tents
Hags, Hammocks
BAGS, ROPE, TWINES

41 ■ 43 Exchange Street
Rochester, N. Y.

Charles S. Gibbs

Fine Harness, Horse Boots, Stable Supplies

Everything for the Horse

Phone 1387 159 STATE STREET

Powers Building Grocery

M. S. GLEASON

"GOOD THINGS TO EAT"

WE CATER TO THOSE WHO DEMAND THE BEST
OUR SERVICE IS PROMPT AND PAINSTAKING

CLARK DOUGLAS & SON

Wholesale and Retail -Dealers in

FLOUR, FEED AND GRAIN

= Buffalo Gluten Feed =

Telephone 981

2 NORTH AVENUE

NEWMAN BROS.

Electric Feed Mill

Re-cleaned Oats— our Specialty

BALED HAY AND STRAW

Both phones 204 Troup Street

History of Police Department

Frank Ritter, President and Treasurer C. W. Fertig, Vice-President

L. Ritter, Secretary

The Ritter
Dental Manufacturing Co.

DENTAL SUPPLIES

563=565 St. Paul Street Rochester, N. Y.

The
Ropelt 6 Sons Piano Co.

Manufacturers of

HIGH GRADE PIANOS

Office and Factory, Cor. Lyell Ave. and Whitney Street

ESTABLISHED 1883

The Schlegel Mfg. Co.

Manufacturers of

CARRIAGE HEARSE AND CASKET
TRIMMINGS

Schaefer <S Klein

Successors to HENRY A. SCHAEFER
Manufacturers of

Coach Lace, Canopy Fringe, Carriage,
Hearse and Casket Trimmings

CORNER ST. PAUL AND ANDREWS STREETS

Rochester, New York

55

MACK COMPANY

SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE

"D. R. BARTON"

I

Brand of Carvers', Carpenters', Coopers' and Pump Makers'

Edge Tools, Machine Knives, Etc.

Rochester, New York

Factory and Office
18 Brown's Race, foot of Piatt Street

Established 1842

Henry Wray 6 Son

Brass Founders

195 Mill Street

ALL KINDS OF

BRASS AND COMPOSITION CASTINGS DONE AT SHORT NOTICE
Babbitt Metal Constantly on Hand

SIDNEY HALL'S SON

BOILER AND TANK

MAKER

All kinds of Repairing Neatly Done
Repairs for the Woodbury & Booth Boilers a Specialty
Dealers in Grates, Boiler Castings and Packing

Telephone 1227

175 Mill Street

Established 1856

Incorporated 1891

Louis Ernst <S Sons

BUILDERS' HARDWARE

U

L E R Y

MANUFACTURER'S SUPPLIES
MECHANICS' TOOLS

129-131 Main Street East

Rochester, N. Y.

54 History of Police Department

Whitmore, Rauber & Vicinus

GERMAN ROCK ASPHALT

FIRE BRICK, FLOORS OF ALL KINDS

Office and Yards

279 South Avenue, Rochester, New York

Dealers in all kinds of Cut Stone (Steam Stone Saw Mill), Flag Walks
and Portland Cement Walks, Street and Sewer Contracting.

Sole Agents for Genesee, Portland, Buffalo Cement and Kings Windsor Plaster

WAYLAND PORTLAND
CEMENT CO.

279 SOUTH AVENUE
Rochester, New York

Works : Wayland, New York

Rochester German Brick and
Tile Company

Manufacturers of

Brick, Fire Proof Material, Drain Tile

279 South Avenue, Rochester, N. Y.

Works on Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburg Railway, at Brooks Avenue

Rochester, New York 55

H. B. HOOKER H. M. HOOKER

H. B. Hooker & Son
GENERAL CONTRACTORS

915 & 917 Wilder Building

Rochester Phone 4321 Bell Phone 3200 Main

H. H. Edgerton

Contractor and Builder

P. O. Address, Builders' Exchange
Residence, 30 S. Goodman Street

Home Phone 793 Home Phone 1490 House

H. KNAPP

CONTRACTOR AND BUILDER

Office, 53 Triangle Building
Residence, 202 Parsells Avenue

Jobbing of all kinds given prompt attention.

Estimates cheerfully furnished Houses for sale and to rent.

Stephen Zielinski

Carpenter and Contractor

MASON AND BUILDER

Also Lumber Dealer
Rochester Phone 2603 513 Hudson Avenue

56 History of Police Department

Prest. F. C. Lauer Vice-Prest. N. L. Brayer Secy. Wm. M. Albaugh

Treas. Geo. W. Archer Supt. John C. Miller

The

Rochester Vulcanite
Pavement Co.

Office at Works

Alexander Street, corner Erie Canal

Will bid for Contracts Street Asphaltic Paving

Some of the streets paved by this Home Company : Main Street West, Adams,
Frank, Clinton Avenue South, Lyell Avenue, St. Paul, Oxford, Delevan,
Chatham, Vine, Scrantom. Etc.

F. C. Lauer, President Porter May, Secretary

Rochester Lime Company

Manufacturers of and Dealers in

Choice White Lime

Portland Cement, Plaster Paris, Plastering Hair,

Fire Clay, Rockaway Sand, Standard Cement Co's

=AKRON CEMENT= =

A SPECIALTY OF FIRE BRICK

ALL KINDS OF DRAIN AND SEWER PIPE

Dealers in Block Powder, Dynamite Caps, Electric Exploders,

Batteries, Fuse, Etc., Etc.

209 MAIN STREET WEST

Rochester, New York 57

N. L. Brayer, W. M. Albaugh,

828 Jay Street 90 S. Fitzhugh Street

draper 51 &H)augj)

General Contractors

^eabp 9®a&oniy a Sipmaltp

Box 37 Builder's Exchange

F. C. Lauer S. W. Hagaman

Hauer & ^agamart

Street pettier Contractors

MEDINA. OHIO AND OTHER KINDS OF CUT STONE
NORTH RIVER and PENNSYLVANIA BLUE STONE
FLAGGING, PAVING, DRIVEWAYS. SEWERS AND
CONSTRUCTION OF SIDEWALKS
SEWER PIPES and CEMENTS. STEAM STONE SAWS

Sole Dealers in tfje EenotoneB CarterBtrille TBuilBina SanB

Office and Yard, 458 Clinton Ave. South Telephones 614 A

treet anti £>etoer

Contractor

BRICK, MACADAM and BLOCK STONE DRIVEWAYS
CEMENT WALKS AND BUILDING STONE
MACADAM AND MACADAM BINDERS FOR SALE

Street IRe fer ences

BIRR, CORTLAND, GROVE STREETS, HUDSON, JOSEPH AND
PORTLAND AVENUES AND WEBSTER ROAD

2Df fice at BeniSence, 47 Satoma Street SMepfcone 2542

58 History of Police Department

IT IS TO YOUR ADVANTAGE

TO BECOME ACQUAINTED WITH US

Before purchasing anything in the line of Lumber
IT WILL PAY YOU to get our prices and look at the

=Good Grades - —

WHITE PINE, YELLOW PINE, WHITEWOOD, HEMLOCK,
SHINGLES, LATH, POSTS, PICKETS, CYPRESS, MAPLE
FLOORING, PLAIN AND QUARTERED OAK, ETC.

SPECIAL PRICES IN CAR LOTS

Either Telephone No. 238

Genesee Lumber Co.

45 WAREHOUSE STREET.

C H. Crouch, Pres. H. H. Turner, Vice-Pres.

C. C. Beahan, Secy, and Treas.

C. T. CROUCH & SON CO,

WEST STREET

LUMBER

WHOLESALE RETAIL

DOORS, SASH, BLINDS AND INTERIOR FINISH

Rochester, New Yor« 59

OCORR & RUGG CO.

Wholesale and Retail Manufacturers

Doors, Sash, Blinds and Mouldings

MILL WORK CABINET WORK

GLASS DEALERS=

Telephones 742

Union Street and N. Y. C. R. R.

Vogel & Binder Co

MANUFACTURERS OF ■

SASH, DOORS, BLINDS, MOULDINGS

THREE HUNDRED TWENTY ST. PAUL STREET

AUG. PAPPERT & SONS

MASON CONTRACTORS AND BUILDERS

and general jobbing
707 Clinton Avenue South

W. J. LOCKWOOD

PAINTING AND

A. W. HOPEMAN

PAPERHANGING

CONTRACTOR AND BUILDER

Office and Factory

7 HOPEMAN PLACE

REAL ESTATE CARED FOR

Bell 'Phone 305 Main 62 State St.

Incorporated 1858

W. Stuart Smith, Dist. Manager

Warren Chemical and Manufacturing Co.

ROOFING

ASPHALT AND COAL TAR
GRAVEL, SLAG AND READY ROOFING

Telephone 825

145 Main Street West

60 History of Police Department

Phelps & Fletcher
LUMBER DEALERS

N o. 256 Allen Street

Both Phones 720

Granger A. Hollister. Prest. H. C. Durand, Treas.

Geo. C. Hollister, Vice-Prest. F. S. Gould. Sec'y.

Hollister Lumber Co., Ltd.

DEALERS IN

Pine and Hardwood Lumber and Coal

Office and Yard : 316 NO. GOODMAN STREET

Telephone No. 63

ROCHESTER BOX & LUMBER CO.

Manufacturers of Packing Cases
Lock Corner Boxes a Specialty

LUMBER

Corner Piatt and Warehouse Streets

E A. COMSTOCK GEO. A. BABCOCK

E. A. Comstock & Co.

LUMBER

1030 Main Street East

Rochester, New York

61

F . A . Brotsch

Builder and General Contractor

Streets, Sewers and Bridges

Office : 16 Triangle Building Yard : 826 Clinton Ave. South

J. C. NUSBICKEL. Secy.

Rochester Tel. 1365

F. C. MALLING, Treas.
Bell Tel. 1246 M.

GERMAN AMERICAN LUMBER COMPANY

Wholesale and Retail Dealers in All Kinds of
LUMBER, LATH, SHINGLES, PICKETS, AND POSTS

FINE FINISHING LUMBER

Shed Capacity 1,000,0C0 feet Manufactured Lumber

62 PORTLAND AVENUE Formerly North Avenue

EDWARD WILSON

LUMBER, LATH AND SHINGLES
PLANING AND SAWING TO ORDER
Lumber Office : Main St. E., cor. Goodman

Telephone 1146, Bell

Telephone 2642, Rochester

JOHN MILLER

: — -. — — Dealer in ... -

Lumber

White Pine, Yellow Pine, Hem
lock, Oak. Poplar and Other
Hardwoods. Shingles, Lath
and Posts. Anthracite and
Bituminous COAL

Offices and Yards :
691 Exchange St. 826 Clinton Ave. South
Roch es ter Te 1 e ph on e 1878A

Leon H. Lempert
& Son

THEATRICAL
ARCHITECTS

Rochester, New York

Architects for the Empire, National,

Original Cooks, Baker and

Lyceum, Rochester

36 Others in New York State

50 In Other States

John J. Grauwiller

== MANUFACTURER OF =

SASH, DOORS, BLINDS
AND SCREENS. JOB
SAWING, TURNING
AND MOULDING

Aqueduct and Basin Streets

H. BOOGERT

Carpenter and Builder

Store and Office Fixtures
Jobbing Promptly Done

31-35 SOUTH WATER STREET
Residence, 56 Sullivan Street

Lots For Sale
Money Furnished to Build

Bell Telephone 2528

History of Police Department

Welsbach Burners and Mantles

Roch. Phone 2687
Bell Phone 1776Y

Piping and Jobbing, Gas Logs

In case of trouble to your Chandeliers
or Gas Fixtures call up

G. A. WILKINS

119 North Water St. Rochester, N. Y.

Formerly with Samuel Sloan & Co.
Gas Chandeliers d Fixtures Furnished

25 Years Experience Refinishing and Repairing a Specialty

Contractor for Electroliers in New Masonic Temple

Fred Fish <S M. S. Horton

Electrical Engineers and Contractors
123 Mill Street Telephones 951

BISHOP WIRES. SPRAGUE CONDUIT
LUNDELL AND NORTHERN MOTORS
STANLEY ALTERNATING CURRENT APPARATUS

High Grade Work

Right Prices

Clarence Wheeler, Pres.

Thos. H. Green, Vice Pres.

Whiting J. Da Lee, Treas.

R. A. Copeland, Sec'y

Re-winding of Armatures
Coils and Transformers
Making, Re-filling and
Turning Commutators

Wheeler = Green
Electric Company

Local representatives of the

General Electric Company

Electrical Supplies of all
kinds Constantly in Stock

22=26 North Water Street

Special attention given to
Wiring and Contract Work
of all kinds

Roch. Phone 3333 Bell Phone 29 I 2 Main

THE KIND WE DO COSTS NO
MORE THAN INFERIOR STYLE
AND WORKMANSHIP

FISHER <S FISK

8 East Ave. 343 Main Street East

PLUMBING

Phones :
Rochester 3682 Bell 1996 Main

Rochester, New York 63

E.W.KING

PRACTICAL PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER
FIRST CLASS WORK GUARANTEED

ESTIMATES FURNISHED
.^~ »/r ■ o 1- Home Phone 3893

485 Main Street East Bell 207 R Main

Wm. J. Metzoer Albert Brayer

Metzger & Brayer

PLUMBING, STEAM AND
HOT WATER HEATING

JOBBING PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO 425 LYELL AVENUE

C. W. TROTTER & SONS

7 EAST AVENUE

Manufacturers o-f

Trotter Dry Air Refrigeraters
HEATING RANGES

HANDSOME RELIABLE

Apex and Corsican Bicycles

Manufactured by Apex Wheel Company, Rochester, New York

A. M. ZIMBRICH, Agent

EASY RUNNING PRICES LOW

GEORGE W. MILLER

^Manufacturer of=

FINE LASTS AND PATTERNS

=S PECIALTIES

LADIES', MISSES', CHILDREN'S, BOYS' AND
YOUTHS'. HEEL and SPRING HEEL LASTS

13 ALLEN STREET ROCHESTER, NEW YORK

04

History of Police Department

H. W. Peck, Pres.

R. H. Gorsline, Vice-Pres.

J. E. Maher, Sec.
Geo. L. Swan, Treas

New York State Sewer Pipe Co.

-Manufacturers of

SEWER AND WATER PIPE

STOVE PIPE, WATER LIME, CEMENT AND FLUE LININGS
Office : 43 Insurance Building

Mathias Kondolf, Pres. E. W. Peck, Vice-Pres. and Treas. F. H. Snyder, Sec.

Standard Sewer Pipe Company

-Manufacturers of ■

Rochester Salt Glazed, Vetrified, Drain and Sewer Pipe
Conduct Pipe for Electric Wires

8 CALEDONIA AVENUE

No Other System will do this

Cards filed alphabetically and according to date
at the SAME TIME in the SAME TRAY.
This handsome desk tray made of oak, polished
with adjustable following block, 200 machine
ruled cards, one set of alphabetical guides, 50
Vetter's patent steel pointers all for 75 cents.

Vetter Desk Works

1 RIVER STREET

Wm. S. Mandeville

Frank E. Shepard

Rochester Lead Works

Dealers in Pig Lead, Pig Tin, Antimony, etc.

Manufacturers o f -

LEAD PIPE, BLOCK TIN PIPE, TIN LINED LEAD PIPE,
SHEET LEAD, FINE SOLDER. BABBITT METAL

380 and 382 Exchange Street

Established 1848

CROSS BROS. & CO.

Manufacturers of

SUPERIOR OAK-TANNED LEATHER BELTING

Dealers in

Rubber and Cotton Belting, Lace Leather, etc. Agent for Reeves' Pulley

114 MILL STREET

Rochester, New York 65

Trade "QUALITY" Mark "It is Quality that Counts"

£kuaiitp Manufacturing Co*

Housefjoto Harltoare

MAIN OFFICE AND FACTORY. 203 WEST AVENUE

Carlton jffllamrfacturtng Co-

MANUFACTURERS OF

fl@ect)antcal jRotoelties anti £>ffice
Specialties

THIRTY-EIGHT EXCHANGE STREET
SPECIAL MACHINERY BUILT HEAVY MACHINERY A SPECIALTY

Charles ilrtogeforo

jflacbmist

Rochester and Bell Telephone 699 225-227 Mill Street

ALL WORK FIRST-CLASS ESTIMATES GIVEN

C. 3- i&aimer Co.

i&utHrer of iflJlacfntterp

CONTRACT WORK AND JOBBING
PUNCHES AND DIES

Both 'Phones No. 1051 220 Mill Street, cor. Furnace

€r0le & Srfjmcfc

MahUFACTUkERS of

..|£erforateO*.
Afreet petals

COR. MILL AND FACTORY STREETS

3fame£ ifitt & Co.

Special Facilities for all kinds of

Automobile l&epairing

general machine jobbing and
makers of special and exper-
imental machinery

Rochester 'Phone 106

2821 Commercial Street

66 History of Police Department

THE "ARCTIC"

ICE COMPANY

PURE SPRING WATER ICE
Office, 251 Lexington Avenue

ROCHESTER TELEPHONE 3112

D. E. CLAIR, Rochester, New York

Both Telephones Prompt Delivery

Parsons Sanitary Ice Co.

-DEALERS IN-

SPRINGWATER ICE

WATER USED IN MANUFACTURING OF ICE
Absolutely Pure Well Water

OFFICE, ELWOOD BUILDING

The Board of Health has analyzed the water and pronounced it Absolutely Pure

MATTHIAS

DEALER IN

GALL

H

arness

, Whips and Horse

Furnishing Goods

Repairing

Neatly and Promptly Done

425J Lyel! Avenue

GOFF <S CO.

Cayuga Lake Ice

129 Bay Street

Rochester 'Phone 3076

L. C. Piper, President J. J. Karle, Treasurer L. A. Schlitzer, Secretary
Incorporated 1893

Caledonia Springs Ice Co.

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL

PURE WATER T f> "IT* PROMPT SERVICE
PERFECT ICE J. V-/ F ^ PRICES RIGHT

Our Lake is filled by the celebrated Caledonia Springs
205 Troup Street Rochester 'Phone 985

Rochester, New York 67

WHY USE RIVER, POND OR CANAL ICE WHEN YOU CAN
HAVE PURE LAKE ICE FOR THE SAME PRICE

Silver La%e Ice
Company

OFFICES, 280 EXCHANGE STREET and 1 ELWOOD BLDG.

F. W. Yates, President rpit ) r-nr

Geo. L. Eaton, Treasurer HOME f TELEPHONE No. 585

W. R. Blackman, Superintendent

Established 1879 Telephone 651

Karle Lithographic Co.

FOLDING BOXES, SHOW CARDS,
POSTERS, LABELS, SEEDMENS WORK,
COMMERCIAL WORK, EMBOSSING,
STEEL DIE PRINTING. TRANSFER
ORNAMENTS

280 = 286 Central Avenue cor. Chatham Street

L. MURRAY MOORE

MANUFACTURER OF

Trucks and Shoe Tracks

60 OLEAN STREET

Charles C. West

Successor to Heacock & West

DEALER IN

CO A L

281 North Union Street Both 'Phones 999

North of N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R.

Rochester 'Phone 3851 Bell 'Phone 3201 R

John W. Vogt & Co,

MANUFACTURERS OF

Sample Cases

CANVAS AND LEATHER TELESCOPE CASES
24 North Water Street Specialty: — Repairing Sample Trunks and Cases

68 History of Police Department

HENRY P. NEUN

Paper Boxes

PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHING
FOLDING BOXES, SOCIETY CARDS

135-9 AND 200 NORTH WATER STREET

F. E. THEODORE MANZ

Paper Boxes

Telephone 630 59 North Street

D. F. LEWIS

MANUFACTURER OF

Paper Boxes, Charlotte-Russe Cups

MAILING TUBES, ETC.
Rochester 'Phone 2476 46-48 Stone Street

Jacob S. Sauer John G. Deer

The S-K Cigar Box Co.

-MANUFACTURERS OF —

CIGAR BOXES

Dealers in CIGAR MANUFACTURERS'
SUPPLIES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION

No. 2 River Street Rochester, New York

American Paper Box Factory

MANUFACTURER OF

Paper Boxes of Every Description

INCLUDING -

SHELF. SHOE AND CONFECTIONERS' BOXES
C. L. Sachs Over 195, 197 and 199 State Street, first floor, room 40

Rochester, New York 69

J. K. HUNT
Paper Boxes

Mill and Commercial Sts.

ALDERMAN, FAIRCHILD
& GUTLAND CO.

PAPER NOVELTIES, PAPER BOXES

17 ELM STREET

COMPLIMENTS OF
THE ROCHESTER
FOLDING BOX CO.

BUEDINGEN MANUFACTURING CO.

Fine Paper Boxes

53 and 55 Piatt Street

70 History of Police Department

isijys

fWKL

JEWELERS

Watches, Diamonds .^ Silverware

? 244 MAIN ST., EAST.

wmtcomb house. nochesteii JKY?

Henry Oemisch

DEALER IN

Diamonds and Other Precious Stones

MAKER OF HIGH-CLASS JEWELRY

Triangle Building, corner of East Ave, and Main Street

Wm. Miller S. L. Ettenheimer J. Miller

E. S. ETTENHEIMER & CO.
Diamonds, Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, Silverware

2 STATE STREET

HUMBURCH BROTHERS

IMPORTERS OF

Diamonds and Fine Watches

Imported Plates, Sterling Silver, Corning Cut Glass
Rogers' Plated Ware, Silver Novelties

182 MAIN STREET EAST

DIAMONDS WATCHES

E. J. SCHEER & CO.

Jewelers and Silversmiths

196 MAIN STREET EAST

Rochester, New York

7>

McCurdy <S Norwell Co.

Main Street East, corner Elm Street

Quality is the guiding spirit in this new store. Quality first, quality last and
quality all the time, Where quality is, satisfaction is, and that is the place to
spend your money

Then too. this bright store is such a pleasant place to visit. Intelligent —
experienced — courteous salespeople will make your shopping both pleasurable
and profitable.

Come as aften as you can stay as long as you like, buy, if you can't help it.

ROCHESTER'S MOST PROGRESSIVE STORE

202 Main Street, East

Rochester. N. Y.

Rosenberg Bro's
and Company

MANUFACTURING

Clothiers

ROCHESTER, NEW YORK

Garson, Meyer
& Co.

Men's, Boys' and Children's

Clothing

New York Office

783-785 Broadway, cor. 10th Street

Boston Office

Boylston Building:, Room 40

ROCHESTER, NEW YORK

Louis Frankel

Chas. Frankel

Harry Klonick

Frankel Bros. <S Co.

WHOLESALE DEALERS, PACKERS AND GRADERS IN

WOOLEN AND
COTTON RAGS

Long Distance Telephone No. 2197

42-48 Commercial Street

John B. Schreiner
Tailor

POLICE AND FIREMEN'S

UNIFORMS

282 Allen Street

7 2

History of Police Department

Chronic
Diseases
Successfully
Treated

Consultation
Free

CALL OR ADDRESS

Institute of Physicians and
- ^Surgeons^^

Cor. Main St. East and Prince, Rochester, JW. Y.

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Rochester, New York 73

Frank W. Payne, Prest. J. T. Thompson, Vice-Prest.

J. L. Thompson, Sec'y and Treas.

P&yne=Thompson Co.

COUCHE S
COUPES

'Phone 1041 . 'Phone 279

17-21 CORTLAND STREET 136-138 JEFFERSON AVENUE

A TRIAL IS ALL WE ASK
SCOTT'S FAMILY PASTE

CUTS, BURNS, CHAFINGS, WSjlf BRUISES, SPRAINS, SWELL-

PIMPLES, BOILS, BARBERS' 3j^^h -Jg; INGS, OLD SORES, POISON

ITCH, PR EVENTS BLOOD ;„«K^^^^ IVY, RINGWORM, CORNS
POISON; PILES, ITCHING OR 'WmFSufilF CHILBLAINS, SORE THROAT
PROTRUDING "^HsP^ OR COLD

Will positively remove Callous or Soreness from the feet. One application gives immediate relief

All Druggists, 25 Cents

Scott's Hoof Paste, best veterinary remedy known. Sold everywhere

SCOTT HOOF PASTE. CO., Rochester, N. Y.

Albert Tegg, V. S. A. George Tegg, M. R. C. V. S.

Veterinary Surgeons

CITY VETERINARIANS

OFFICE, 431 STATE STREET

Phones Home!' 846 Residence, Home 1720

C. E. Rider, President Huoh McLean, Vice-President

Angus McLean, Sec'y and Treas.

WoocUMos&ic Flooring Co.

MANUFACTURERS OF

Hardwood Lumber
and Fine Flooring

MILLS

New Albany, Ind. Bedford, Ind. Cloverdale, Ind. Rochester, N. Y.

New York City

74 History of Police Department

ROCHESTER HORSE AND CATTLE FOOD CO.

MANUFACTURERS OF THE FAMOUS

Rochester Horse and Cattle Food

SPECIAL POULTRY FOOD AND THE
ROCHESTER SURE VERMIN DESTROYER

24 CORTLAND STREET

DR. J. C. McKENZIE

Veterinarian

• OFFICE AND SHOEING FORGE, 19 SPRING STREET

Bell 'Phones 1808

Residence 179 R Residence, 30 Smith Street

Bell 'Phone 142 Home 'Phone 936

GEO. R. CRAM

Livery and Boarding

Boarding a Specialty 23 Brighton Street

GOODBERLET BROS.

— = T runk s =-

LEATHER GOODS AND TRAVELING BAGS

88 STATE STREET

ROBACHER'S DISINFECTANT CO.

(incorporated;

-SPECIALTIES-

PEERLESS DISINFECTANT, LANIRU ROLL,
KILMITE, "PEERLESS FLUID A. & B."
INK SOAP, MFR'S AGENTS FOR "GERMOL"

Telephone 221 77 Kenilworth Terrace

Rochester, New York

75

Psychratism (Mind Power), Personal
Magnetism, Will Force, Mental
and Magnetic Healing and all
Occult Sciences

Taught either in classes at our Academy
or through a correspondence course. We
are not teaching simply the silly side of
Hypnotism, but a general development of
'man's mind and influencing power. Per-
sonal Will Force which is the great secret
of success. This informa ion will wond-
erfully help you either socially or financi-
ally. Develop your Mind Power and you
are a power, a mastar not a slave. Learn
how to be a leader.

Write for our Free 1 00 page Book of
valuable information, it will be sent to you
by prepaid post. Drop a card or call
either phone.

Vernon Academy of Mental Science and Sanitorium, Warner Observatory Bldg. , East Ave.
We are not and never have been connected with any other institution in this city or elsewhere

ALFRED WRIGHT

ROCHESTER, N. Y.

R. J. STRASENBURGH COMPANY

Manufacturing Chemists

Wholesale Dealers in Drills* Chemicals, Surgical Instruments, Etc.

156 to 160 West Avenue, corner Canal Street

East Side Pharmacy

W. C. Lautner, Proprietor
The Quality Drug Store

MODERN, ATTRACTIVE, UP-TO-DATE
STOCK MOST COMPLETE IN THE
CITY. LOWEST PRICES

No. 493 MAIN STREET EAST

E. E. Bausch & Son

Opticians

6 MAIN STREET EAST

CALL AND SEE US ABOUT YOUR EYES

G. T. Getzkow, President
George A. Kapell, Treasurer

Established 1 887
Incorporated 1899

Clinton Medicine Company

371 Clinton Avenue North, opposite Turn Hall

DEALERS IN

Druds and Medicines

AND PROPOUNDERS OF RELIABLE HOUSEHOLD REMEDIES

One product of our laboratory is the famous "Walbracht's Elixer, the great
Stomach Fixer." Has cured thousands of Stomachs! Will cure yours. SO cents
per bottle. Trial bottle 25 cents. Sent by mail to any address.

History of Police Department

ESTABLISHED .1872;

/so ci//vrow/i\/£./v.

Louis Schauman

Funeral Director and Professional Embalmer

OFFICE, 21 BUCHAN PARK
Office Telephone 294 Residence Telephone 980

WM. ROSSENBACH & SONS

FUNERAL DIRECTORS

Office, 24 Allen Street

'Phones 679 and 412

uffpExmi&M

ryfiTZHUBH.

C. E. Strauchen

UNDERTAKER

253 North Street

'Phone 1190 Lady Assistant

Open all the time

C. F. SCHEUERMAN

FUNERAL DIRECTOR

Telephone 864

89 Allen Street, corner Sophia

Rochester, New York 77

Rochester Phone 2859 Bell Phone 1955

The Rochester Sanitary
Excavating Company

CLEANS VAULTS, CESS POOLS and CELLARS
IN DAYTIME WITHOUT OFFENCE, and with
NEATNESS and DISPATCH, PROMPT SER-
VICE and REASONABLE RATES

Thos. Colder, Prop. , c °o nc a 5 r r d s, s de t n r e e r

Ernest Steinmiller

CLEANS

Vaults, Cess Pools and Cellars

SANITARY EXCAVATING
ALL OFFENSIVE MATTER REMOVED WITH
NEATNESS AND DISPATCH. PROMPT SER-
VICE AND REASONABLE RATES

24 ULM STREET

Union Excavating Company

Address P. 0. Box 352
412 Hudson Avenue 445 Powers Bldg. 456 Maple Street

FOR CLEANING

Vaults, Cess Pools, Wells

ORDERS LEFT AT BOARD OF HEALTH OFFICE, OR
ABOVE ADDRESSES WILL BE PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO

ARTHUR P. ASHMAN, Rochester 'Phone, 1 1 14

Proprietor House Hudson Avenue, near City Line-

original Philo Baker
Odorless Excavating Co.

WM. BAKER. Manager

For Cleaning Cess Pools, Privy Vaults, Etc.

GENERAL TEAMING A SPECIALTY
All Orders Attended to Promptly Satisfaction Guaranteed

Main Office, 36 Reynolds' Arcade Bell Phone 792~

House and Stables, 165 Cottage Street

78

History of Police Department

Charles Bradshaw
COAL

Office and Yard, 48 South Fitzhugh Street

REMI MILLER

JAMES VAN AS

Notary Public

General Insurance, Steamship, Foreign
Exchange, Real Estate and Coal Agency

Wholesale and Retail Dealer in

Flour, Feed, Baled Hay
Straw, Shavings

f"* (~\ A T Lowest Market Price.

*^ v .rX l^f Honest Weight and
Prompt Delivery.

No. 2 Smith's Arcade

Coal and Wood

Office and Warehouse

54-56 PORTLAND AVENUE

Telephone 553

Both Phones 2470

M. A. BARRY

Geo. Heermans

Successor to
Bar r y & Brue ck

Quick Fire

COAL and WOOD

Office

CHARCOAL

Lump, Pulverized and
Granulated : : :

591 South Avenue

59=61 WEST AVENUE

Roch. Phone 2848 Bell— Chase 49 1

Both Phones

Lewis Edelman

J. A. Van Ingen

Dealer in

Agent

Anthracite and Bituminous

COAL

COAL

Cumberland Smithing Coal

Telephone 576

40 PORTLAND AVENUE

Near N. Y. C. & H. R. R.

91=93 SMITH STREET

Rochester Phone 1429 Bell Phone 245

F. J. SCHWALB

George B. Schoeffel

Wholesale and Retail Dealer

Lehigh and Scranton
COAL

Anthracite and Bituminous

COAL

Walston Crushed Coke

44 Portland Ave.

Bell Phone 2978 Home Phone 770

Driving Park Avenue

Roch. Phone 2956 Bell Phone 2329

Rochester, New York

79

The Clark Paint, Oil & Hardware Co.

MATTHEW SWAN, Manager

Painters'. Builders' and Manufacturers'
Supplies. Glass and Mirrors

Phones 693

131 State Street

JOHN BAMBER

Dealer in
Stoves, Ranges and Palace
Furnaces, and House Furn-
ishing Goods. All containing
the Latest Improvements.

Jobbing in Tin, Copper and Sheet Iron
14 and 18 Monroe Avenue

Telephone 691

Henry Lester

Dealer in
Furniture. Carpets, Draperies,
Red Cross Stoves and Ranges
and Bicycles.

150-156 Main St. West, near Washington

H. H. MAXSON

Successors to Chas. A. Bowman

Dealer in General Hardware
Pocket and Table Cutlery

Farmers' and Mechanics' Tools,

House Furnishing Goods, Iron
Nails, Paints, Oils, Glass, Putty, etc

153 State Street

Telephone

Louis J. Marchand

STOVES. FURNACES
AND H AR DWARE
PAINTS AND OILS

8 Main Street East

John Fricker

Practical Tin Copper and Galvanized
Iron Cornice Worker, Steel Ceilings,
Roofing, Jobbing and Repairing of
all Kinds.

Agent for the Kernan
Furnaces of Utica

10 Ely Street

Corner Minerva Place

P nn Fi n n s(aie and Gravel Roofing
IVUUillJg Three piy Ready Rooting can

be put on at half the Price of New Shingles

M. E. Pritchard

Manufacturers of Cement Paint for Iron and

Tin Roofs. Roofing Materials at Wholesale.

Special Attention Given to Repairing

179 Main Street, West

Bell Phone 1229 Home Phone 3327

Paints, Oils. Varnish,
Brushesand Glue
Gold Paints. Bronzes
Art ists' Materials

J. G. Luitwieler

& S o n s

L. S. CHAPIN

Leaded

Glass Worker

Both Phones
24 South Avenue Opp. Cook Opera House

I . GU^a"/ Stained and Ornamental Glass

**—J&jr'' Work of -every description, for

R0CHE5TER..N Y.. house and church decorations

90 EXCHANGE STREET

8o

History of Police Departmen'

F. C. Armstrong, Pres. R. L. Field, V. Pr.
F, C. Shaw, Sec. and Treas.

Our Brands
White Lion, Dakota, Arena and Jumbo

F. E. Reed & Co.

ARMSTRONG MILLING CO.

Manufacturers of
Blended Patent and Winter Wheat Flour
All kinds of Flour and Feed, Wholesale
and Retail. Telephone 1143

Rochester Glass Works

People's Mills Mill Street

Chas. E. Kohlmetz

W. C. SMITH

Hay, Straw, Oats and Feed

IRON WORKS

Both Phones 980-1000 Main St East

Phones 220

The

MORRIS - CORKHILL
MOTOR CO.

Robert S. Paviour

Manufacturers of

FIRE INSURANCE

Gas Engines

101 and 102 Chamber of Commerce

B. F. METCALF

F. Fritzsche & Son

Manufacturer of
SOFT SOAP

Hides, Pelts and Tallow

Dealer in

Grease and Tallow

Roch. 'Phone 2774 62-66 Front St.

593 West Avenue

IN*

ftlUARD SUPPLIES
«' E»gRT DESCRIPTION

BUJJARD, POOL & TEN PIN BALLS TURNED
I'HA ND BWARD8K1PLTABI.E5 BOUGHT a SOLD.

Otfi.M.1 COi'i Q D fRA House t

Rochester,

NewYork 8i

JOHN BARNETT

Chapman & Goodenough

Agent for the well known line of

Carton Hot Air

CONTRACTORS FOR

Furnaces

Steam and Hot

There is 2500 now in use in Rochester

Water Heating

Repairs for all kinds of Furnaces

Plumbing* and Gas Fitting*

Home 'Phone 969
Corner Plymouth Avenue and Clarissa Street

280 STATE STREET

R. J. HOWARD

Bell 'Phone 1299 Home ' Phone 3779

Erwin J. Lathrop

Practical Plumber

Sole Agent

Gas and Steam Fitting and

Cheerful Home Furnace

Hot Water Heating
ESTIMATES FURNISHED

'Phone 1 100 6 So. Washington St.

ALL KINDS OF TIN AND REPAIR
WORK PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO

2 3 ELM STREET

R. BENNETT & SON

Plumbers

GAS, STEAM AND
WATER FITTER

10 ALLEN STREET

JOSEPH A. BARR

Successor to Barr Brothers
Practical and Reliable r

Plumber

Dealer in High Grade Sanitary Goods

All orders attended promptly by exper- '. -
ienced workman at reasonable charges

117 State St.

Both 'Phones 584

F. R. WALKER

Plumbing* and Gas
Fitting*

water supply and sewerage
steam and hot water heating

Telephone 1249
25 Stone Street, near Main Street

GEO. E. DODDS

Plumbing* and
Gas Fitting*

Telephone 952
iO EXCHANGE STREET

THOMAS G. CHISSELL

Plumbind and
Gas Fitting*

jobbing promptly at-
tended to, estimates
furnished on all kinds
of work : : :

BASCOM & MORGAN

Plumbing* and
Warm Air
Furnaces

Both 'Phones

307 Monroe Ave.

35-37 Spring St. cor. So. Fitzhugh

History of Police Department

CHAS. HETZLER

Contractor, Carpenter
and Builder

Jobbing of All Kinds

Box 86. Builders' Exchange
Shop and Residence. 330 Smith Street

F. C. SEITZ
Builder and Contractor

OFFICE AND SHOP

207 HUDSON AVENUE

Wm. Summerhays & Sons
CONTRACTORS

Special attention given to Steam
Boiler Setting. Engine and Machine
Foundations, Bakers' Ovens. Brick
Smokestocks and General Repairing.

Fire Brick, Fire Tile and Fire Clay at
wholesale and retail.

Telephone 440

35 and 36 Smith's Block

JOHN LUTHER

CHARLES W. LUTHER

John Luther & Son
Contractors and Builders

162 NORTH STREET

Telephone

ANTHONY LINK
Builder and Contractor

Carpenter Work a Specialty

Mill and Furnace Streets

Box 18, Builders' Exchange
Telephone 1360

Personal Attention Given to All
Classes of Millwright Work

JOSEPH COWLES

Practical Millwright

Dealer in

Turbine Water Wheels, Shafting,

Hangers, Pulleys. Etc.

Brown's Race, foot Brown Street

JAMES P. OSBORNE

BUILDER

Store Fitting and
Jobbing a Specialty

SHOP, 59 SPRING STREET

Residence, 89 S. Washington Street

W. L. Van De Walle
PLUMBING

226 NORTH STREET

Established 1865

S. A. ZORN

Wall Paper, Window Shades

and Fixtures, Room

Mouldings, Etc.

14 FRONT STREET

When.natural sight fails
Then our art prevails

Empire Optical Co.

15 Clinton Ave. South

Edward E. Arrington, Manager

Rochester. New York

33

F. SCHLEGEL & SONS

Florists

770 SOUTH AVENUE

GEORGE J. KELLER,

HIT. HOPE FLORIST,

ROCHESTER, NEW YORK.

WRITE FOR CATALOGUE
at i^ v-

1 i MARK V

The best Waterproof
Collar on the market

Worn and recom-
mended by the

Rochester Police
Department

For sale by all Dealers, or of the Manufacturer

THE J. F. PEO CO., Rochester, New York

KENNEDY & CO.

RED CROSS STOVES

Refrigerators, Blue Flame
Oil and Gasoline Stoves
All Kinds of Stove Repairs

22 South Avenue, near Main Street

C. H. COHN & CO.

Manufacturers of

5UPERBA

. CRAVATS •

214-218 Andrews Street

H . A . HAYS

Manufacturer of
Young Men's and Boys*

Clothing

162-164 Clinton Avenue North

American Ribbon
and Carbon Co.

ONION SKIN, FINEST
BRAND CARBON
PAPER. EAGLE BRAND
TYPEWRITER RIBBONS

ROCHESTER, NEW YORK

Frank X. Foery C Kastner

Foery Si Kastner
Stone Quarry

Dealers in all kinds ot

BUILDING STONE

Goodman Street, opp. Central Park
Office 315 St. Joseph, cor. Rauber St.

GEO. WELDON & CO.

Paper Hangings
Window Shades

113 MAIN STREET, EAST

F. C. Palmer, Bell 'Phone 1082

Manager Rental Department

C. M. PALMER
Real Estate Broker

Real Estate for Sale and
to Rent all parts of City

3 1 9-320 Powers Block

Money to Loan on Real Estate

History of Police Department

"Our Own" Delivery
and Storage Co.

General Forwarding Agents

32 to 42 Edward St. Buffalo. N. Y.
154 Franklin St. Rochester. N. Y.

A. VOGEL

Storage House

Over 10 and 12 South Washington Street

SAM G O T T R Y
CARTING CO.

FURNITURE MOVERS

Freight delivered from all
Railroads. Both Phones

HUTHER BROS.

=S aw
Manufacturers

Office :

1 1 Exchange St.

T. SWIFT <5 SON

Manufacturers of
Gold, Silver and Platinum Plate

Buyers of Old Cold and Silver

Refiners and Assayers

Culross BaRery

Manufacturers of the Celebrated
D. Culross Butter Crackers

Parties, Weddings, etc., supplied
with Ice Cream and Cake

Coffee, Lunch and Ice Cream Parlor

30 State Street

GEO. P. BORTLE

Manufacturers of End-Grain Cutting
Blocks, Shoe Racks, Cattle Stanch-
ions, Grille Work, Mouldings, etc.

Turning, Sawing and General
Jobbing in Wood Work

10 Graves Street (near Main)

Lewis H. Whitbeck

GENERAL AGENT AND BROKER
FIRE INSURANCE

ROCHESTER MANAGER
United States Fire Ins. Co., of New
York, Incorporated 1824
Concordia Fire Ins. Co., of Milwaukee,
Incorporated 1870
The Delaware Ins. Co., of Philadel-
phia, Incorporated 1835

4 and 5 Elwood Building

Charles R. Zeiner

Manufacturers of

CIGAR BOXES

and dealer in
CIGAR MAKERS' SUPPLIES

3 Aqueduct Street

IDEAL COUCH
«S CASKET CO.

Manufacturers of Lautner's
Couches and Royal
Canopy Divans

Strictly High Class
Caskets <S Funeral Supplies

Rochester, New York

85

MILLINGTON

Allen Woolen Mills

Signs

ROCHESTER, NEW YORK

OF ALL KINDS
105 to 109 Main St. E.. cor. Water St.

Jackson's
Temperance Hotel

EUROPEAN PLAN

DR. BREWSTER

Dentist

212 Main Street East

Bell 'Phone 3065
196 Main St. E., opp.Whitcomb House

Erie Lunch House

Confectionery
and Bakery

MEALS COOKED TO ORDER

Table Board $2.50 per Week

W. H. CRISPIN, Proprietor

1 15-1 17 Exchange St., opp. Court St.

Established 1881

J. GAUSSUIN

Ostrich Feather

Manufacturer

FRENCH DYER AND CLEANER
Old Feathers Cleaned, Dyed and
Curled so as to Look Like New
Feather Boas Curled and made from
Old Feathers, Kid Gloves, Neckwear
and fine Lace cleaned on short notice

29-3 1 Clinton Avenue North

Cobb Preserving Co.

Rochester, Fairporf and
Canandaigua, N. Y.

The West Tire
Setter Co.

Manufacturers of West's
Hydraulic Power and Hand

Tire Setters

AND HUB BANDER
262 STATE STREET

Dr. H.H.Hill, Dr. J. 0. Hill,

Manager Asst. Manager

Hill's Dental
Association

McCord, Gibson &
Stewart

GYMNASIUM, ATHLETIC
AND GENERAL SPORT-

174 Main Street East
Rochester Phone 3363 Opp. Alliance Bank

1 N G GOODS

85 Main Street East

So

History of Police Department

Vogt Manufacturing and
Coach Lace Company

"NORMAN"

STOVES AND RANGES

Galusha Stove Company

John A. Hartfelder

-Manufacturer of-

UPHOLSTERED FURNITURE

204 and 206 North Water Street

THE ROCHESTER
CANDY WORKS

407-413 STATE STREET

C. W. HARTUNG

Ontario Sale and
Exchange Stables

General Teaming

Office and Stables

76 Ontario Street

GAY MFG. CO

Manufacturers of Metal Novelties
Brass Beading, Ornaments, Nov-
elties, Morris Chair Rods, Lock
Hinges, Brackets and Special
Attachments. Brass, Nickel and
Copper Plating.

177 West Main Street

J. O. Brewster, President and Treasurer
J T. Schaffer, Vice-President and Supt.

J. T. SCHAFFER
MFG. COMPANY

Builders of Hydraulic Presses
of every description

11 to 21 Circle Street

BOOTH B ROS.

MANUFACTURERS

SHOE MACHINERY
Beading: Machines a Specialty

The Booth Power Folder

22 BROWN'S RACE

Established 1834

Incorporated 1901

GLEASON TOOL
COMPANY

Snow Wire Works Co.

76 to 84 Exchange Street

Rochester, New York The Old Reliable Fi

Rochester, New York

87

BELL 'PHONE 801 MAIN.

Special Machinery to order, Re-
pairing, Blanking, Perforating,
Forming Dies a Specialty.

S. B. TRUESDALE €s CO.,

TOOL MAKERS

236 Mill Street, Rochester, N. Y.

M. H. SHEA. JOHN CONNORS

UNION OIL CO.

Manufacturers of and
dealers in

Lubricating Oils and

Greases.

Non-Acid Boiler Compound, Sponges

and Chamois, Waste, Belt

Dressing, Etc.

Telephone 2019. Office and factory, 179
and 1 8 1 North Water Street,

J. M. Clark <3 Co.,

Punches, Dies, Drill Jigs.

Special Tools, Experimental Work.

Metal Stamping, Etc.

20 Spring St., Phone 3584 Roch.

TRAVIS <S WELTZER

Practical

Horseshoers

and makers of

Carriages, Buggies, Wagons,

Trucks Etc., also Painting

and Trimming.

YorK St. (Near West Avenue.)

CHRISTIAANSEN BROS.

Makers of

Brewers Tanks and
Cisterns

West Side Shoeing Forge.

G. J. RENDSLAND,

Practical Horseshoer.

CONTRACTORS AND BUILDERS

Gentlemen's Drivers and Coach

also Jobbers.

Horses a Specialy.

Shop Rear 320 State Street.

8 VINCENT STREET

WHEELERtfWILSON

MFG. CO.

Makers of more than 100

FRED'K H. JONES

varieties of

Sewing Machines

TULIP SOAP

For Cloth and Leather
Work.

60-62 Main St. West

Office 10 Exchange St.

Jas. M. Harrison, Manager.

(Established 1839.)

Rochester Packing
and Cold Storage Co.

Jacob K. Post 6 Co.,

Wholesale and Retail

Wholesale PORK

DRUGGISTS

and PROVISIONS

Office, 69 Front St.

17 Main St. East, Rochester, N. Y.

Packing House, West Maple St.

History of Police Department

William C. Brown
& Company

'INCORPORATED!

TAILORS

WHAT WE DO FOR
$1.25 PER MONTH

" You Furnish the Clothes,
We do the Pressing."

We call at your house once a week.
We take all of your clothes.
We press, sponge, clean, sew on buttons, repair
button-holes, and fix all rips, rents or tears.

We furnish a dress suit case free to each
customer to send his clothes back and forth in.

We store your goods in the " NATIONAL
WARDROBE SYSTEM " chests.

We keep your goods absolutely free from moths.

We keep your personal appearance in first-class
condition all the time.

We have no limit to the number of suits you
send each week.

Telephone us and we will have our representative
call and explain our entire system to you.

62 STATE STREET

ROCHESTER, NEW YORK

Rochester, New York

SALTER BROS.

= FLORISTS -=

3 and 5 East Avenue, Liberty Bldg. 38 Main St., West, Powers Bldg.

Greenhouses : 249 Park Avenue

H. E. WILSON, Florist

Cut Flowers, Designs and
Decorations for All Occasions

88 Main Street East Both Phones 20 Greenhouses

C. SCHNACKEL

Builder of High-Grade Buggies, Delivery Wagons, Trucks, Sleighs, etc.
Repairing, Painting, Trimming, Rubber Tires put on old and new wheels

PRACTICAL HORSE SHOEING 306 and 308 JOSEPH AVENUE

CROWN TAILORING CO.

Gentlemen's Tailoring Parlors

9-12 TRIANGLE BUILDING

A. H. Garson - Manager

Corner East Avenue and Main Street Up Stairs

Garson Tailoring Co.

241 MAIN STREET EAST UP STAIRS

MAKERS OF FINE CLOTHING

00

History of Police Department

THE DONOGHUE
IMPORTING CO.

•If The Great Distributing Point for the Purest
Wines and Liquors at the Lowest Prices

237-239 Main St., East Rochester, N. Y.

JOHN RAUBER & CO.

° LD J. R. C. ^E

WHISKEY

214-216 Main Street West, ROCHESTER, N. Y.

Rochester, New York

Duffy's
Malt Whiskey

Medicine For All Mankind

An Ideal Tonic and Stimulant

Cures " Grip," Coughs and Colds. A specific for
Dyspepsia and Indigestion. Invaluable in all Lung
and Bronchial Affections : : : :::::::::::: :

Free Booklet on Application.

Duffy Malt Whiskey Co

ROCHESTER, N. Y.

9^

History of Police Department

#otoet£ i^otel i&e£taurant

UNDER NEW MANAGEMENT

^otei Mfntcomb

an* ^12ai)tttomb Cafe

JOHN E. BOLDT, Proprietor

Personal Attention Given to Every Detail

Rochester, New York

93

OSBURN HOUSE

Convenient to the business and Shopping center of the
city. Facing the Genesee River. All modern improve-
ments. Free bus. American Plan.

RATES $2.00, WITH BATH $2.50 AND $3.00

OSBURN HOTEL COMPANY

F. A. PIERSON, Manager

Refurnished Throughout American Plan

Steam Heat, etc. Recently Modernized

NATIONAL
HOTEL

Next to New National Theatre
DENNIS DOUD, Proprietor

Rates. $1.50 and $2. CO Per Day
Bell Phone 386 Home Phone 1751

Main Street West corner Plymouth Avenue

HOTEL GERARD

-Formerly The Livingston-

ABSOLUTELY FIRE PROOF

American Plan
RATES: S2.00 to $3.00

Newly Furnished
SHELDON & CO., Proprietors

FRANKLIN
HOUSE

T H F

Thos. Doud, Proprietor

■ ■■ L

BRISTOL

FRANKLIN STREET
Corner North, near
Main Street East
Both Phones 816

PONY MOORE, Manager

Rates, S1.50 per day, Upward

94

History of Police Department

STEAM HEAT

GOOD STABLING AND SHEDS

CLINTON HOTEL

GEORGE H. MEHL, Prop.

142, 144, 146 South Avenue, Corner of Court St., Rochester, N, Y.

Rates $1.00 Per Day, Upward.

Good Stables and Sheds.

The Bantel Hotel

CHAS. K. DIETZ, Prop.
Dealer in CHOICE WINES, LIQUORS, CIGARS, Etc.

334-340 State Street, - - ROCHESTER, N. Y.

CHEW PULVERS GUM

ALWAYS THE BEST.

CHARLES,
EDWARD

sriAX

©JPEr

Modern Improved. German and American Cooking, Ladies' and Gents' Cafe,

Music Evenings, Billiard and Base Ball Studio.

249-251-253 Main Street East.

PLYMOUTH STABLES

Telephone 653.

Coaches, Livery
and Boarding.

Open day and Night.

Office and Stables, 26

Plymouth Ave.

Residence, 76>£ Atkison St.

T. G .Thompson, Jr.,

McGREAL BROS.

WHOLESALE

WINES AND LIQUORS

25 North St., Near Main St. East.
Both Phones.

Rochester, New York 95

Home Phone 1556 Bell Phone 2447 R

Brucftet's European ^otel

CORNER CLINTON AND CENTRAL AVENUES

Billiard Parlors Attached Choice Liquors and Cigars

Good Barn and Sheds

Chapman House

NEWLY FURNISHED THROUGHOUT

JAY G. LONGFELLOW, Proprietor 62-66 South Avenue

Ladies' Parlors Attached Bell Phone 1437

loljn §> cijeeeel & &on

(Restaurant, Sample aiiD JS I Room

324 and 326 South Avenue Opp. Lehigh Valley Depot

Home Phone 1139 Bell Phone 2930

relTs Cafe

BILLIARDS, POOL AND BOWLING
Ladies' and Gentlemen's Dining Parlors

i. H$. (Krell, prop. 153 9@am street (Easft

NOTICE — THE OLDEST HOSTELRY IN NEW YORK STATE

THE MOST PLEASANT RIDE FROM THE
CENTER OF THE CITY IS TO

jlauier'g 31ltftge Hotel

MEALS SERVED TO ORDER

1504 Lake Avenue
All cars stop, going and coming from Ontario Beach Both 'Phones

QO

History of Police Departmen

A. F. MASON, Proprietor

B. F. McSTEEN, Manager

Monroe House Painting Co.

GENERAL PAINTING

Signs, Banners and Show Cards

Office, 233 Allen Street
Shop, 21 Main Street East

Bell 'Phone 374
Home 'Phone 4322

J. S. STOUT

T. D. WILLIAMS

Crescent Perfume Co.

MANUFACTURERS OF HIGH STANDARD

Perfumes and Fine Toilet Requisities

JOBBERS OF FANCY HIGH GRADE PERFUME
ATOMIZERS, CUT GLASS PUNGENTS, COLD
CREAM JARS, GOLD AND SILVER NOVELTIES

Office and Laboratory, 38 and 40 North Water Street

J. F. DALE, President

A. H. DALE, Secretary

E. H. DALE, Treasurer

Western New York Nursery Co.

(INCORPORATED)

Rare Ornamental Trees

SHRUBS, ROSES AND HARDY PLANTS
Also a Selected Assortment of Tested Varieties of Fruit Trees
=^^^=^== and Small Fruits ===^==

We always have territory for
a Successful Canvasser

Office 609 St. Paul Street

Established 1 857

The First Truss

worn should be selected and prop-
erly fitted to meet the require-
ments of the individual case, and
the wearer should be instructed
in its use, resulting often in a
PERMANENT CURE OF

HERNIA WE GUARANTEE
ll U 1\ 11 1 il SATISFACTION

For Sore and Painful Feet use the "Fullerco" Arch, made of
German Silver and worn inside the shoes.

Elastic Stockings and Abdominal Supporters made to Order

EXPERIENCED LADY IN ATTENDANCE

GEORGE R. FULLER CO.

1 5 South Avenue, Rochester, N. Y.

BRANCHES :

23 West Swan St., Buffalo, N.Y. 50 North 13th St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Rochester, New York

91

BUY

The
Original
and Best

TRIX

Sweetens
the Breath
5 Cents

Stops Coughs, Relieves Throat, Kills Odor from Smoking,
Drinking, Onions, Etc.

SOLD EVERYWHERE

INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS

Armstrong, D., & Co., 29.

Adler, L , Bro. & Co., 45.

Apex Wheel Co., 63.

Arctic Ice Co., 66.

American Paper Box Factory, 68.

Alderman, Fairchild, Gutland &

Co., 69.
Armstrong Milling Co., 80.
Alliance Bank, 1st Fly Leaf.
American Ribbon & Carbon Co., 83.
Allen Woolen Mills, 85.
American Chemical Mfg. & Mining

Co., inside Back Cover.
Bache, J S., & Co., 2.
Bausch & Lonib Optical Co., 15.
Brown Bros. Co., 20.
Bell Telephone Co., 21.
Buffalo, Roch. & Pitts. R. R., 32.
Briggs Optical Co.. 39.
Baldwin Specialty Co., 44.
Blauw-Brickner Drug Co., 45.
Buell, Geo. C, & Co., 50.
Brajer & Albaugh, 57.
Brotsch, F. A , 61.
Boogert, H., 61.
Bridgeford, Chas., 65.
Buedengen Mfg Co., 69.
Bausch, E. E., & Son, 75.
Bradshaw, Chas., 78.
Barry, M. A., 78.
Bamber, John, 79.
Barnett, John, 81.
Bender Bros., 101.
Bennett, John. & Son, 81.
Bascom & Morgan, 81.
Barr, Joseph A , 81.
Bortle, Geo. P., 84.
Brewster, Dr., 85.
Booth Bros., 86.
Brown. Wm. C, & Co., 88.
Bantel Hotel, 94
Brucker's European Hotel, 95.
Co Operative Foundery Co., 22.
Clum, P. A., & Co., 22.
Century Camera Co., 24.
Copeland & Durgin Co., 35.
Cunningham, James, Son & Co., 36.
Crossman Bros., 41.
Commercial Cor. Schools, 47.
Cowles, H. N., 57.
Crouch, C. T., & Son Co., 58.

Comstock, E. A., & Co., 60.

Cross Bros. Co., 64.

Carlton Mfg. Co., 65.

Caledonia Springs Ice Co., 66.

Cram, Geo. K.., 74.

Clueton Mediciue Co., '75.

Clark Paint, Oil & Hardware

Co., 79.
Chapin, L. S., 79.
Curtice Bros. Co. , Front Cover.
Chapman & Goodenough, 81.
Chissell, Thos. G., 81.
Cowles, Joseph, 82.
Conn, H. C, & Co., 83.
Culross Bakery, 84.
Cobb Preserving Co , 85.
Christaansen Bros , S7.
Clark, J. M., & Co., 87.
Crown Tailoring Co., 89.
Clinton Hotel, 94.
Chapman House, 95.
Crescent Perfume Co., 96.
Dresser, Geo B., 9.
Defender Photo Supply Co., 25.
Del , Lack, & West CoalCo , 43.
Deininger Bros., 48.
Dake Drug Co., 50
Douglass, Clark & Son, 51.
Dodds, Geo. E , 81.
Donoghue Importing Co.,
Duffy Malt Whiskey Co.,
Electric News, 10.
Eastman Kodak Co., 14.
Esler Mfg. Co., 34.
Empire Moulding Works,
Ellwanger & Barry, 41.
Engert, Geo., & Co , 43
Electro Surgical'Instrument Co.
Erie Foundry Co., 50.
Ernst, Louis, & Sons, 53.
Edgerton, H. H., 55.
Erdle & Schenk, 65.
Ettenheimer, E. S., & Co.
East Side Pharmacy, 75.
Edelrnan, Louis, 78.
Empire Optical Co., 82.
Erie Lunch House, S5.
Fidelity Trust Co., 4.
Ford & Enos, 7.
Flour City National Bank,
Furlong, Henry M., 10.

90.
9i-

3»-

70.

9 8

History of Police Department

Friedler, Paul W., 31.

Jackson's Temperance Hotel, 85.

Faber, The, Sulky Co., 36.

Jones, Fred'k H., 80.

Foster, Geo., T., 42.

Jeffreys, 102.

Fee Bros. Co , 51,

Knowlton & Beach, 18.

Field, James r Co., 51.

Kimball Tobacco Works, 38.

Fish, Frdk. & M. S. Horton, 62.

Kerstein Optical Co., Shur On, 39.

Fisher & Fiske, 62.

Knapp, Homer, 55.

Fitt, James, & Co., 65.

King, E. W., 63.

Frankel Bros. & Co., 71.

Karle Lithographic Co., 67.

Frecker, John, 79.

Klee & Groh, 70.

Fretzsche. Frank, & Son, 80

Kohlmetz, Chas. E., 80.

Foery, & Kastner, 83.

Keller's, J. B.., Sons, 101.

Franklin House, 93.

Keller, Geo. B., 83.

Fuller, Geo. R., Co., 96

Kennedy, 83.

German Insurance Co., 6.

Likly, Henry, & Co., 37.

German American Bank, 6.

Lehigh Valley Coal Co., 42. *

Genesee Fruit Co , n.

Little, A. P., 44.

Graf-Comppen Co., 24.

Lauer & Hagaman, 57.

Gundlach Optical Co , 25.

Lockwood, W. J., 59.

Genesee Tack Co., 36.

Lernpert, Leon H., & Son, 61.

Glen Bros., 40

Lewis, D. F., 68.

Gray, W. C, 47.

Luitwieler, J. G., & Sons, 79.

Genesee Launch & Power Co,, 48.

Lester, Henry, 79.

Gibbs, Chas. S., 51.

Lathrop, Edwin J., 81.

Genesee Lumber Co., 58.

Luther, John, & Son, 82.

German- American Lumber Co., 61.

Link, Anthony, 82.

Grauwiller, John J., 61.

Leimgruber's Hotel, 94.

Gall, Matthias, 66.

Laufer's Ridge Hotel, 95.

Goff & Co., 66.

Lackawanna Animal Prod. Co., 102.

Garson, Meyer & Co., 71.

McMillan Lithographic Co., 2.

Goodberlet Bros., 74

Monroe Co. Savings Bank, 5.

Gottry, Sam, 84.

McDonell, A. M., 9.

Gaussuin, J , 85.

Morgan Machine Co., 34.

Gay Mfg. Co., 86.

Millspaug"h & Green, 42.

Gleason Tool Co., 86.

Moseley & Motley Milling Co., 48.

Galusha Stove Works, 86.

Michael, Stern & Co., 49.

Garson Tailoring Co., 89.

Mathews & Boucher, 49.

Gerard Hotel, 93.

Mack Company, 53.

Grell's Cafe, 95.

Miller, John, 61.

Gerhard, Chas., 100.

Metzger & Brayer, 63.

Hooker, Wyman & Co , 8.

Miller, Geo. W., 63.

Ham, C. T., Mfg. Co., 19.

Moore, L. Murray, 67.

Hagan, A. T.. Co , 27.

Manz, F. E. Theodore, 68.

Heckel, John, 30.

McCurdy & Norwell Co., 71.

Hall, E H., Co., 33.

McKenzie, Dr. J. C, 74.,,

Hubbard & Eldredge Co , 35.

Mauer's, L. W. Sons, 76.

Hess, S. F , & Co., 38.

Mudge, A. W., 76.

Hoffman, John, Co., 39

Miller, Remi, 78.

Hickey & Freeman Co., 49.

Maxson, H. H , 79.

Hall, Sidney, Sons, 53.

Marchand, Louis, Jr., 79.

Hooker, H. B., & Sons, 55.

Morris Corkhill Motor Co., 80.

Hopeman, A. W., 59.

Metcalf, B. F., 80.

Hoi lister Lumber Co., 60.

Metropolitan Warehouse Co., 1st

Hunt, J. K., 69.

Fly Leaf.

Humburch Bros., 70.

Millington Sign Co., 85.

Hyde Drug Co., 71.

McCord, Gibson & Stewart, 85.

Heermans, Geo., 78.

McGreal Bros., 94.

Home Laundry, 101.

Monroe House Painting Co., 96.

Howard, R J., 81.

Mooney, Th6s. B., 100.

Hetzler, Chas , 82.

National Cash Register Co., 31.

Hays, H. A., 83.

Newman Bros., 51.

Hill Dental Association, 85.

New York State Sewer Pipe Co. , 64.

Hartfelder, John A. , 86.

Neun, Henry P., 68.

Hartung, C. W., 86.

New York Institute of Science, 72.

International Seed Co., 41.

National Hotel.

Inst, of Phvsicians & Surgeons, 72.

Otis Elevator Co., 23.

Ideal Couch & Casket Co., 84.

Ocorr & Rugg Co.; 59,

Ingmire & Thompson, 102

Oemisch, Henry, 70.

Jenkins, J. W., Co., 30.

Osborne, James P., 82.

Rochester

, N E W Y O R K (HI

Our Own Delivery Co., 84

Standard Oil Co., 16,

Osburn House, 93.

Sill Stove Works, 22.

Oldfield, J. P., 100.

Stuck, D., 26.

Powers Fireproof Building, 4.

Simon Herman, 31.

Putnam, E. D., 9.

Smith, J. Hungerford Co., 33.

Pneumatic Signal Co., 21,

Schlick, H. N. &Co.,43.

Pfaudler Co., The, 23.

Sugru's Restaurant, 47.

Phelps & Lyddon Co., 39.

Sintzenich, E. B., 47.

Paine Drug Co., 45.

Smith, Beir & Gormley, 49.

Powers Bldg Grocery, 51.

Smith, Perkins & Co., 50.

Pappert, August & Sons, 59.

Schlegel Mfg. Co., 52.

Phelps & Fletcher, 60.

Schaefer & Klein, 52.

Palmer, C. F. Co., 65.

Standard Sewer Pipe Co. , 64.

Parsons Sanitary Ice Co., 66.

Silver Lake Ice Co., 66.

Payne-Thompson Co., 73.

S. K. Cigar Box Co,, 68.

Philo Baker Excavating Co., 77.

Scheer, E. J. & Co., 70.

Pritchard, M, E., 79.

Schreiner, John B., 71.

Paviour, Robert S., 80.

Scotts Hoof Paste Co., 73.

Peo, The J. F. & Co., 83.

Strasenburgh, R. J. & Co., 75.

Palmer, C. M., 83.

Schauman, Louis, 76.

Post, Jacob K. & Co., 87.

Strauchen, C. E., 76.

Powers Hotel Restaurant, 92.

Scheuerman, C. F., 76.

Pulver Chemical Co , 94.

Steinmiller, Ernest, 77.

Plymouth Stables, 94.

Schwalb, F. J., 78.

Prudential Life Insurance Co. , 100.

Schoeffel, Geo. B., 78.

Quality Mfg. Co., 65.

Schwikert, F. & Son, So.

Roch. Trust & Safe Deposit Co., 2.

Smith, W. C, 80.

Rochester Savings Bank, 5,

Sanderl's Restaurant, 101.

Roby, Sidney B. Co., 8.

Seitz, Fred C, 82.

Rochester Electric Signal Co., 8.

Summerhays, Wm. & Sons, 82.

Roch. Cold Storage & Ice. Co., 11.

Schlegel, F. & Sons, 83.

Rochester Telephone Co , 20.

Swift, T. & Son, 84.

Roch. Optical & Camera Co., 24.

Schaffer, J. T. Mfg. Co., 86.

Reed, E P. & Co., 28.

Snow Wire Works, 86.

Rochester Baby Shoe Co., 31.

Salter Bros., 89.

Rochester-Pittsburg Coal and Iron

Schnackel, C, 89.

Co , 32.

Scheffel, John &, Son, 95.

Rochester Stamping Co., 33.

Taylor Bros. Co., 27.

Roch. Bridge & Cons'tion Co,, 35.

Todd, Bancroft <fc Co., 29. '

Rochester Knitting Works, 37.

Tichner & Jacobi, 31.

Rochester Street Railway Co., 37.

Turner, E. B. & Co., 47.

Rochester News Co., 44

Trotter, C. W. & Sons, 63.

Rochester Bill Posting Co., 45.

Tegg, A. & Sons, 73.

Roch. Commercial Institute, 46.

Truesdale, S. B. & Co., 87.

Rochester Dying Co., 47.

Travis & Weltzer, 87.

Rochester Gas Engine Co , 48

Trix, 97.

Ritter Dental Co., 52.

Union Trust Co., 1.

Ropelt & Sons Co., 52

Upton Cold Storage Co , 11.

Rochester Lime Co., 56.

Utz & Dunn, 28.

Roch. Vulcanite Pavement Co. , 56.

Union Excavating Co., 77

Rochester Box & Lumber Co., 60.

U. S. Standard Voting Machine

Rochester Lead Works, 64.

Co., Inside Back Cover.

Rochester Folding Box Co., 69.

Vacuum Oil Co., 17.

Rosenberg Bros. Co., 71.

Venor & Montgomery, 30.

Roch. Horse & Cattle Food Co., 74.

Vicks, James Sons, 40.

Robacher's Disinfectant Co., 74.

Vick<& Hill Co., 40.

Rossenbach, Wm. & Sons, 76.

Vogel & Bender Co., 59.

Rochester Sanitary Excavating

Vetter Desk Works, 64.

Co., 77.

Vogt, John W. & Co., 67.

Reed, F. E. & Co., 80.

Vernon Academy, 75.

Rochester Candy Works, 86.

Van As, James, 78.

Rendsland, G. J., 87.

Vanlngen, J. A., 78.

Rochester Packing and Cold Stor-

VanDeWalle, W. L., 82.

age Co., 87.

Vogel, A., 84.

Rauber, John & Co., 90.

Vogt Mfg. & Coach Lace Co., 86.

Sen Sen Co., 3.

Woodend, W. E,, & Co., 7.

Spader & Perkins, 7.

Wortham, Chas. E., Jr., 9.

Smith Premier Typewriter Co., 13.

Woodward, C. E., 9.

Shantz, M. B. Button Co., 12.

Whitney Elevator & Ware. Co., 11.

History of Police Department

Wollensack Optical Co., 25.

Walker, F. R., 81.

Wright, Peters & Co., 30.

Weldon, Geo., & Co., 83.

Woodlawn Nurseries, 40.

Whitbeck, L, H., 84.

Wray, Henry, & Son, 53.

West Tire Setter Co., 85.

Whitmore, Rauber & Vicinus, 54.

Wheeler & Wilson Mfg. Co.

,87.

Warren Chemical & Mfg. Co., 59.

Wilson, H. E., 89.

Wilson, Edward, 61.

Whitcornb Hotel, 92.

Wilkin, G. A., 62.

Western N. Y. Nursery Co.,

96.

Wheeler-Green Electric Co., 62.

Yawman & Erbe, 26.

West, Chas. C, 67.

Yates Coal Co., 43.

Wood-Mosaic Flooring Co., 73.

Zielinski, Stephen, 55.

Wright, Alfred, 75.

Zorn, S. A., 82.

White Wire Works, 101.

Zeiner, Chas. R., 84.

THIS BOOK IS OUR WORK
John P. Smith Printing Company

72 and 74 Exchange Street, Rochester, New York

C. C. HERMANS

SUPERINTENDENT

324 GRANITE BUILDING

Charles G. Gerhard

Roch. Phone 757 Bell Phone 2057

FUNERAL DIRECTOR

J. P. OLDFIELD

Funeral Director

176 Clinton Avenue North

162 State Street

Thomas B . Mooney

FUNERAL DIRECTOR

Telephone 127

196 Main Street West

Rochester, New York

HOME LAUNDRY

F. J. HAFNER, Proprietor
608-612 Clinton Avenue North

SANDERL'S GERMAN

RESTAURANT

25-27-29 MAIN STREET EAST

J. B. Keller Sons

FLORISTS

Choice Flowers, Floral Designs

DECORATIONS

25 CLINTON AVENUE NORTH

BENDER BROTHERS

Funeral Directors
78 Clinton Avenue North

S. E. White, President

J. O'Callaghan, Secretary

Arthur Warren, Treasurer

THE WHITE WIRE
WORKS COMPANY

Manufacturers of Grille
and Wire Work
Electro Plating

47 EXCHANGE STREET

^j^G££^:s!05

mMm mm wwww ffl ^ffi

History of Police Department

Lackawanna Animal Product Co.

...Manufacturers of...

High = Grade Fertilizers

RENDERERS OF TALLOW AND GREASE.
...Dealers in...

Hides, S~kins, Pelts and Wool

Dead and Crippled Horses, Mules and Cows Removed
Promptly by Calling Either Phone No. 1414

Factories : Lackawanna Fert. & Chem. Co., Moosic, Pa., Rochester Fert. Works,

Rochester, N. Y. Rochester Office and Stores,

128-132 Front Street.

FUNERAL
DIRECTORS

W -WW/

64 CLINTON AVE, SOUTH.

JEFFREYS, UNDERTAKER, 56 East Avenue

U. S. Standard Voting Machine Co.

ROCHESTER, N. Y.

The Voting Machines of this Company are '
used in all elections in 22 Cities and more than
120 Towns in the State of New York, In-
cluding Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse, Utica,
Elmira, Oswego, Auburn, Niagara Falls,
Schenectady, Poughkeepsie, Jamestown,
Ithaca, Gloversville and Johnstown.

In all of these places, the Police and the
Election Officers complete their duties at the
polls in one hour.

Where the paper ballot is used, they are detained a
much longer time.

Ladies' Men's and Children's Shoes

RUBBERS, SATCHELS, HARNESS, BICYCLE ENAMEL, ETC.

- M OO E R m
^shoe polish

t I' TRADEMARK A

ohinodA,

Shinola

Company

■ MDttER K]
JHOE; POLISh_

Rochester, N. Y-

Sole Manufacturers

' ■ "• TRADEMARK i%

OH I NO L» A

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