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http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924032657656
THE
CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY
OF
NEW YORK
FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE COLONIAL PERIOD TO THE
YEAR 1905, SHOWING THE ORIGIN, DEVELOPMENT, AND
JUDICIAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE CONSTITUTION
By CHARLES Z. LINCOLN
Member op the New York Constitutional Convention op X894, and for Six
Years (1895-1900), Chairman of the Statutory Revision Commission and
Legal Adviser to Governors Morton, Black, and Roosevelt
IN FIVE VOLUMES
VOL. V.
TABLES OF STATUTES HELD CONSTITUTIONAL OR
UNCONSTITUTIONAL-
TABLE OF CASES— INDEX OF PERSONS-
GENERAL INDEX.
THE LAWYERS CO-OPERATIVE PUBLISHING COMPANY
ROCHESTIK N. Y.
1906
/Co
Entered accordins to Act of Congress, in the Year nineteen hundred six, by
CHAKLES Z. LINCOLN.
In the OiCoe of the Librarian of Congress, at Wasbingrton, D. C.
B. B. AUDOEWB FIUHTIKO CO., Kochester, N. T.
CONTENTS.
Table of Statutes Construed on Constitutional Grounds,
3-216.
CONSTITUTIONAL STATUTES.
A. Chronological, 4—82.
Revised Laws of 1813, 75. — Revised Statutes, 76.— Code of Proced-
ure, 77. — Code of Civil Procedure, 78. — Penal Code, 80. — Code
of Criminal Procedure, 82.
CONSTITUTIONAL STATUTES.
B. Topical, 82-155.
UNCONSTITUTIONAL STATUTES.
A. Chronological, 155-186.
Revised Laws of 1813, 183.— Revised Statutes, 183.— Code of Pro-
cedure, 184.— Code of Civil Procedure, 184.— Penal Code, 185.—
Code of Criminal Procedure, 186.
UNCONSTITUTIONAL STATUTES.
B. Topical, 186-216.
Table of Cases, 217-289.
Index of Persons, 291-339.
General Index, 341-549.
Addendum, Amendments of 1905, 551,
TABLE OF STATUTES CONSTRUED
ON CONSTITUTIONAL GROUNDS.
Note. — The decisions involving statutory construction
are scattered through numerous volumes of reports, cover-
ing the whole period of our judicial history, and it is
therefore difficult to ascertain whether a given statute has
been construed on grounds affecting its constitutionality,
or whether a given subject has been considered from the
standpoint of legislative power. I have tried to collect
and present in this table all the important statutes which
have thus been construed, and for convenience have ar-
ranged them in two divisions ; namely, constitutional stat-
utes and unconstitutional statutes; separating each divi-
sion into two classes, — chronological and topical. Thus
each statute, without regard to its subject, is presented
in its regular chronological order, and if the reader
knows the date of the statute it can readily be found in
the chronological table. The topical arrangement is in-
tended to present the subjects which have been considered
in construing statutes with reference to their constitution-
al validity, and it is believed that an examination of this
part of the table will show whether a particular subject
involving legislative power has received judicial consid-
eration. The notes to the annotated Constitution should
also be examined, and especially, as to local laws, the stat-
utes cited in the notes to §§ i6 and 17 of article 3, which
statutes usually do not involve any question of principle,
3
4 Constitutional History of New York.
but only questions of technical compliance with the re-
quirements of those sections of the Constitution. It
should perhaps be observed that the small number of de-
cisions involving constitutional questions prior to the
second Consitution, which took effect December 31, 1822,
is due to the fact that, under the first Constitution, the
Council of Revision, composed of the governor, the
chancellor, and the judges of the supreme court, passed
on all bills before they became laws, and in this manner
laws received a judicial construction prior to their enact-
ment.
The citations in Vol. IV. do not include any case re-
ported since September i, 1905. After that volume had
gone to press, Wright v. Hart ( 1905) 103 App. Div. 218,
93 N. Y. Supp. 60, cited at pages 86, 206, 226, and 278.
was reversed in 182 N. Y. 330, 75 N. E. 404. The case
construes Laws 1902, chap. 528, amended 1904, chap.
569 (regulating sales of merchandise in bulk), and the
court of appeals declares it to be unconstitutional. The
act and the latest decision are noted below in the Table of
Unconstitutional Statutes.
Constitutional Statutes.
a. chronological.
1787, chap. 57; 1798, chap. 55; 1803, chap. 94; 1807,
chap. 165; 1808, chap. 225; 181 1, chap. 200. Liv-
ingston and Fulton steamboat privilege. Living-
ston V. Van Ingen (1812) 9 Johns, ^oy; North
River S. B. Co. v. Livingston (1825) 3 Cow. 713.
See Gibbons v. Ogden ( 1824) 9 Wheat, i, 6 L. ed.
23-
1788, chap. 46, § 2. Reference of long account. Malone
V. Saints Peter & Paul's Church (1902) 172 N. Y.
269, 64 N. E. 961.
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 5
1797, chap. 51. Onondaga county lands. Jackson ex
dem. Lepper v. Griswold (1809) 5 Johns. 139;
Barker v. Jackson (1826) i Paine, 559, Fed. Cas.
No. 989; Jackson ex dem. Hart v. Lamphire
( 1830) 3 Pet. 280, 7 L. ed. 679.
1798, chap. 55. See 1787, chap. 57.
1798, chap. 91. Jail liberties. Holmes v. Lansing
(1802) 3 Johns. Cas. 73.
1801, chap. 70, par. 11. Special sessions, trial without
a jury. Jackson ex dem. Wood v. Wood (1824)
2 Cow. 819, note.
1801, chap. 79, par. 4. Religious corporations, powers
of trustees. Dutch Church v. Matt (1838) 7
Paige, 77.
1802, chap. 54. See 1805, chap. 67.
1803, chap. 94. See 1787, chap. 57.
1805, chap. 67, § 2, amending 1802, chap. 54. Trustee,
power of alienation. Welch v. SUliman (1842) 2
Hill, 491.
1805, chap. 98. Leases, grantee of reserved rents. Van
Rensselaer v. Hays (1859) 19 N. Y. 68; Van
Rensselaer v. Ball (1859) 19 N. Y. 100.
1806, chap. 43, § 3. Religious corporations, sale of prop-
erty. Dutch Church v. Mott (1838) 7 Paige, yy.
1806, chap. 52. Protestant Episcopal Charity School in
New York. Re New York Protestant Episcopal
Public School (1864) 31 N. Y. 574.
1807, chap. 165. See 1787, chap. 57.
1808, chap. 225. See 1787, chap. 57.
181 1, chap. 200. See 1787, chap. 57.
1814, chap. 78; 1815, chap. 89; 1816, chap. 56. Infant's
estate. Cochran v. Van Surlay (1838) 20 Wend.
365, 32 Am. Dec. 570; Towle v. Forney (1856)
14 N. Y. 423; Williamson v. Suydam (1867) 6
Wall. 723, 18 L. ed. 967.
6 Constitutional History of New York.
1815, chap. 89. See 1814, chap. 78.
1816, chap. I. DueUing prohibited. Re Oaths of At-
torneys (1823) 20 Johns. 492; Barker v. People
(1824) 3 Cow. 686, IS Am. Dec. 322.
1816, chap. 56. See 1814, chap. 78.
18 1 7, chap. 262, § 3. Canal lands, compensation.
Wheelock v. Young (1830) 4 Wend. 648.
1818, chap. 210. New York streets. Detmold v. Drake
(1871) 46 N. Y. 318; Hamersley v. New York
(1874) S6N.Y. 533.
18 18, chap. 244. New York almshouse. Heyward v.
New York (1852) 7 N. Y. 314.
1819, chap. 18, § 35. New York harbor masters. Van-
derbilt v. Adams (1827) 7 Cow. 349.
1821, chap. 19. Pulteney estate. Howard v. Moot
(1876) 64N. Y. 262.
1 82 1, chap. 204. Indian lands, summary removal of
trespassers. Neiv York ex rel. Cutler v. Dibble
(1858) 21 How. 366, 16 L. ed. 149, affirming
(1857) 16 N. Y. 203.
1 82 1, chap. 240. Officer, reduction of salary. People
ex rel. Woodworth v. Burrows (1858) 27 Barb.
89.
1823, chap. III. Canals, Albany basin. Lansing v.
Smith (1828) 8 Cow. 146, affirmed in (1829) 4
Wend. 9, 21 Am. Dec. 89.
1823, chap. 138, § 3. Justices of the peace in new
county. Ex parte M' Co Hum (1823) i Cow. 550.
1825, chap. 325. Corporations, fraudulent bankrupt-
cies. People ex rel. Israel v. Tibbets (1825) 4
Cow. 384; 5aw& of Columbia v. Atty. Gen. (1829)
3 Wend. 588.
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 7
1826, chap. 253. Mohawk & Hudson Railroad Com-
pany. Bloodgood V. Mohawk & H. R. R. Co.
(1836) 14 Wend. 52, (1837) 18 Wend. 9, 31 Am.
Dec. 313.
1830, chap. 56. Long Island highways. People ex rel.
Herrick v. Smith (i860) 21 N. Y. 595.
1830, chap. 135, par. i. Canals, Fort Miller dam. Har-
ris V. Thompson (1850) 9 Barb. 350.
1830, chap. 291, § 24. New York, storage of gunpow-
der. Foote V. Fire Department (1843) 5 Hill, 99.
1831, chap. 43. Saratoga & Schenectady Railroad.
Beekmanv. Saratoga & S. R. Co. (1831) 3 Paige,
45, 22 Am. Dec. 679.
1831, chap. 300, §§ I, 2. Imprisonment for debt abol-
ished. Frost V. Brisbin (1837) 19 Wend. 11, 32
Am. Dec. 423.
1832, chap. 131. Bridge over navigable stream. Peo-
ple V. Rensselaer & S. R. Co. (1836) 15 Wend.
113, 30 Am. Dec. 33.
1832, chap. 162; 1836, chap. 268; 1840, chap. 242. New
York & Albany Railroad Company. Thompson v.
New York & H. R. Co. (1846) 3 Sandf. Ch. 625.
1833, chap. II, par. 7. New York disorderly persons.
Duffy V. People (1841) i Hill, 355, (1843) ^
Hill, 75.
1833, chap. 300, amended by 1834, chap. 37. Quaere, es-
cheated land. Englishbe v. Helmuth (1850) 3
N. Y. 294.
1833, chap. 319, §§ I, 2, 16. Brooklyn streets. Raddiff
V. Brooklyn (1850) 4 N. Y. 195, 53 Am. Dec. 357.
1834, chap. 37. See 1833, chap. 300.
1834, chap. 78. Religious meetings, disturbance of,
jury trial. People ex rel. Eckler v. Clark (1881)
23 Hun, 374.
8 Constitutional History of New York.
1834, chap. 92, § 40. Brooklyn street assessments. Peo-
ple ex rel. GriMn v. Brooklyn (1851) 4 N. Y. 419,
55 Am. Dec. 266.
1834, chap. 249, § 9. Saratoga & Washington Railroad
Company. Polly v. Saratoga & W. R. Co. ( 1850)
9 Barb. 449.
1835, chap. 309. Requiring Utica to contribute to ex-
pense of changing the northern terminus of the
Chenango canal. Thomas v. Leland (1840) 24
Wend. 65.
1836, chap. 242. Attica & Buffalo R. R. Co. Watson
V. New York C. R. Co. (1872) 47 N. Y. 157.
1836, chap. 268. See 1832, chap. 162.
1837, chap. 30; 1849, chap. 178; 1857, chap. 548. For-
eign insurance companies. Fire Department v.
Noble (1854) 3 E. D. Smith, 440; Fire Depart-
ment V. Wright (1854) 3 E. D. Smith, 453.
1837, chap. 430. Usury prohibited. Perrine v. Striker
(1839) 7 Paige, 598.
1838, chap. 156, §§ I, 2. Brooklyn maps. Radcliff v.
Brooklyn (1850) 4 N. Y. 195.
1838, chap. 254, § 7. Oswego river bridge. Oswego
Falls Bridge Co. v. Fiih (1846) i Barb. Ch. 547.
1838, chap. 260. General banking law. Gilford v. Liv-
ingston (1845) 2 Denio, 380, overruling De Bow
V. People (1845) I Denio, 9; Sherman v. Smith
(1861) I Black, 587, 17 L. ed. 163, affirming Re
Gibson (i860) 21 N. Y. 9.
1838, chap. 266. Mortgage redemption. Butler v.
Palmer (1841) i Hill, 324.
1838, chap. 332. County judge in new county. People
V. Morrell (1839) 21 Wend. 563.
1839, chap. 175, § I. Regulating speed of steamboats at
Albany. People v. Jenkins ( 1841 ) i Hill, 469.
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 9
1839, chap. 218, § I. Railroad companies, contracts be-
tween. People V. Brooklyn, F. & C. I. R. Co.
(1882) 89 N. Y. 75.
1840, chap. 193. State loans to railroad company. Peo-
ple ex rel. De Forest v. Denniston ( 1861 ) 23 N. Y.
247.
1840, chap. 242. See 1832, chap. 162.
1840, chap. 311. New York general and special sessions.
People ex rel. Lynch v. New York (1841) 25
Wend. 680; Ex parte Lynch (1841) 2 Hill, 45;
Morris v. People (1846) 3 Denio, 382.
1841, chap. 166. Indian reservations, highways on.
Fellows V. Denniston (1861) 23 N. Y. 420.
1841, chap. 276, § 4. New York judges' salaries. Mor-
ris V. People (1846) 3 Denio, 382.
1842, chap. 157. Exemption from execution. Morse
V. Goold (1854) II N. Y. 281, 62 Am. Dec. 103.
1842, chap. 277. Mortgage foreclosure. James v. Stull
(1850) 9 Barb. 482, affirmed in (1862) Selden's
Notes, pt. I, p. 6.
1843, chap. 169. Attica & Buffalo R. R. Co. Watson
V. New York C. R. Co. (1872) 47 N. Y. 157.
1843, chap. 230. Taxation, summary proceedings. Mc-
Mahon v. Palmer (1886) 102 N. Y. 176, 55 Am.
Rep. 796, 6 N. E. 400.
1844, chap. 315, § 8. Recognizance, entry of judgment
on. Gildersleeve v. People (1850) 10 Barb. 35;
People V. Quigg (1874) 59 N. Y. 83.
1845, chap. 181. See 1847, chap. 455.
1845, chap. 192, amended by 1859, chap. 70, 1870, chap.
263. Canton charter. People ex rel. Sinkler v.
Terry (1888) 108 N. Y. i, 14 N. E. 815.
1845, chap. 352. New York and Long Island ferries.
Benson v. New York (1850) 10 Barb. 223.
lo Constitutional History of New York.
1846, chap. 62. Auctioneers. People v. Wilmerding
(1891) 62 Hun, 391, 17 N. Y. Supp. 102, reversed
on other grounds in (1893) 136 N. Y. 363, 32 N.
E. 1099.
1846, chap. 244. Herkimer and Middleville highway.
Smith V. Helmer (1849) 7 Barb. 416.
1846, chap. 274. Distress for rent abolished. Stocking
V. Hunt (1846) 3 Denio, 274; Guild v. Rogers
(1850) 8 Barb. 502; Van Rensselaer v. Snyder
(185s) 13 N. Y. 299; Conkey v. Hart (1856) 14
N. Y. 22.
1846, chap. 327. Taxation of reserved rents. Living-
ston V. Hollenbeck (1847) 4 Barb. 9; Le Cou-
teulx V. Erie County (1849) 7 Barb. 249,
1847, chap. 31. Hudson River R. R. Co. Cruger v.
Hudson River R. Co. (1854) 12 N. Y. 190.
1847, chap. 210, § 26. Turnpike roads, taking public
highway. Benedicts. Goit (1848) 3 Barb. 459.
1847, chap. 280, § 6. Court of appeals, quorum. Oak-
ley V. Aspinwall (1850) 3 N. Y. 547.
1847, chap. 280, § 16. Supreme court, powers of judges.
Re Hathaway (1877) 71 N. Y. 238.
1847, chap. 280, § 27. County judges, powers of. Peo-
ple v. Hurlbutt (1865) 44 Barb. 126.
1847, chap. 280, § 30. Jurisdiction of county court.
Beecher v. Allen (1849) S Barb. 169; Frees v.
Ford (1852) 6N. Y. 176.
1847, chap. 426, § 92. Village law, acceptance of. Bank
of Chenango v. Brown (1863) 26 N. Y. 467.
1847, chap. 426, §§ 90, 91. Villages, dissolution of.
Blauvelt v. Nyack (1876) 9 Hun, 153.
1847, chap. 432. New York, fees of officers. Conner
v. New York (1851) 5 N. Y. 285.
1847, chap. 450. See 1870, chap. 78.
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. Ii
1847, chap. 455, § 23, amending 1845, chap. 181. High-
way damages. Clark v. Miller (1874) 54 N. Y.
528.
1848, chap. 140, § 42. Railroad law, application to ex-
isting companies. Suydam v. Moore (1850) 8
Barb. 358; Waldron v. Rensselaer & S. R. Co.
(1850) 8 Barb. 390.
1848, chap. 153. New York justice's court. Re Wak-
ker ( 1848) 3 Barb. 162.
1848, chap. 200. Married women. Sleight v. Read
(1854) 18 Barb. 159. See 1849, chap. 375.
1848, chap. 265. See 1853, chap. 471.
1848, chap. 346, § 7. Railroads on salt lands. Parme-
lee V. Oswego & S. R. Co. (1849) 7 Barb. 599,
affirmed in (1851) 6 N. Y. 74.
1848, chap. 379. Code of Procedure. Anonymous
(1848) I N. Y. Code Rep. 49, 2 Edm. Sel. Cas. 18.
1849, chap. 121. Troy recorder, jurisdiction of. Hay-
ner v. James (1858) 17 N. Y. 316.
1849, chap. 140. School law. Johnson v. Rich (1851)
9 Barb. 680. The contrary was held in Barto v.
Himrod (1853) 8 N. Y. 483, 59 Am. Dec. 506.
1849, chap. 178. Sefe 1837, chap. 30.
1849, chap. 187, § 15. New York, Croton aqueduct
board. People ex rel. Bradley v. Stevens (1869)
51 How. Pr. 103.
1849, chap. 194. Supervisors, boards of. Smith v. Lev-
inus (1853) 8 N. Y. 472.
1849, chap. 226. Banks, stockholder's liability. United
States Trust Co. v. United States F. Ins. Co.
(1858) 18 N. Y. 199; lie Reciprocity Bank
(1859) 29 Barb. 369, affirmed in (i860) 22 N. Y.
9; Re Oliver Lee & Co.'s Bank (i860) 21 N. Y.
9, affirmed as Sherman v. Smith (1861) i Black,
587, 17 L- ed. 163.
12 Constitutional History of New York.
1849, chap. 284. Panama R. R. Co. Freeman v. Pan-
ama R. Co. (1876) 7 Hun, 122.
1849, chap. 308. Insurance companies. Union Ins. Co.
V. Hoge (1858) 21 How. 35, 16 L. ed. 61.
1849, chap. 352, § 3. Canal lands, sale of. People v.
Stephens (1878) 13 Hun, 17.
1849, chap. 375, amending 1848, chap. 200, § 3. Mar-
ried women. Blood V. Humphrey (1S54) 17 Barb.
660; Thurber v. Townsend (i860) 22 N. Y. 517.
1849, chap. 438. Justices' courts. People ex rel. Metro-
politan Bd. of Health v. Lane (1869) 55 Barb.
168.
1850, chap. 72. New York harbor masters. Benedict v.
Vanderbilt (1863) 25 How. Pr. 209.
1850, chap. 82. Surrogates' sales. Chandler v. North-
rop (1857) 24 Barb. 129; Forbes v. Halsey
(1862) 26N. Y. 53.
1850, chap. 84. New York, street improvement. Sun
Mut. Ins. Co. V. New York (1853) 8 N. Y. 241.
1850, chap. III. Lockport & Niagara R. R. Co. Ho-
sier V. Hilton (1853) 15 Barb. 657.
1850, chap. 140, §§ 13, 14, etc. General railroad law.
Buffalo & N. Y. C. R. Co. v. Brainard (1853) 9
N. Y. 100.
1850, chap. 140, §§ 25, 49. General railroad law, public
land. Saunders v. Nezv York C. & H. R. R. Co.
(1894) 144 N. Y. 75, 26 L. R. A. 378, 43 Am. St.
Rep. 729, 38 N. E. 992.
1850, chap. 140, amended 1854, chap. 282. General
railroad law, commissioner's second report. Re
Prospect Park & C. I. R. Co. (1881) 85 N. Y.
489.
1850, chap. 183. Comptroller's deed presumptive evi-
dence of regularity. Hand v. Ballou (1855) 12
N. Y. 541.
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 13
1851, chap. 95. Life insurance companies. People v.
Imlay (1855) 20 Barb. 68.
185 1, chap. 100. Knickerbocker Savings Institution.
United States Trust Co. v. Brady (1855) 20
Barb. 119.
185 1, chap. 157. Railroads, subscription in foreign com-
pany. White V. Syracuse & U. R. Co. (1853) 14
Barb. 559.
1851, chap. 180. Militia law. People ex ret. Scott v.
Chenango (1853) 8 N. Y. 317.
1851, chap. 272. Sterling authorized to borrow money.
Gould V. Sterling (1861) 23 N. Y. 456.
1851, chap. 332, amended 1854, chap. 387, and 1866,
chap. 245. New York Juvenile Asylum. People
ex rel. Splain v. New York Juvenile Asylum
( 1874) 2 Thomp. & C. 475, affirmed in ( 1874) 59
N. Y. 629.
1851, chap. 389, §§ 285-291. Rochester, approval of
bonding act. Clarke v. Rochester (1864) 28 N.
Y. 605.
1851, chap. 389. See 1867, chap. 59.
1851, chap. 497. Railroad tolls abolished. People v.
New York C. R. Co. (1862) 24 N. Y. 485.
185 1, chap. 513. New York mechanics' liens. Sullivan
V. Brezuster (1853) 8 How. Pr. 207, i E. D.
Smith, 681; Miller v. Moore (1853) i E. D.
Smith, 739; Hauptman v. Catlin (1859) 20 N. Y.
247.
1852, chap. 8. Guilford, adjustment of certain claims.
Guilford v. Chenango County (1855) 13 N. Y.
143-
1852, chap. 9. Syracuse City Bank, incorporation val-
idated. Syracuse City Bank v. Davis (1853) 16
Barb. 188.
14 Constitutional History of New York.
1852, chap. 53. Coming, police justice. Sill v. Corn-
ing (1857) 15 N. Y. 297.
1852, chap. 71. Mutual insurance companies, receivers'
powers. Hyatt v. McMahon (1857) 25 Barb.
457- ^ . ,
1852, chap. 73, § 2. Chenango county, powers of special
county judge. People v. Main (1859) 20 N. Y.
434-
1852, chap. 293. Brooklyn, widening streets. Re Cur-
ran (1899) 38 App. Div. 82, 55 N. Y. Supp. 1018.
1852, chap. 361. Corporations, dissolution in Herkimer
county. Walker v. Crain (1853) 17 Barb. 119;
Story V. Furman (1862) 25 N. Y. 214.
1852, chap. 374, § 7. New York, additional compensa-
tion of judges. People ex rel. Morris v. Edmonds
(1853) IS Barb. 529.
1852, chap. 375. Railroad aid, Cayuga county. Starin
V. Genoa, Gould v. Sterling (1861) 23 N. Y. 439,
reversing (1859) 29 Barb. 442.
1852, chap. 384. Mechanics' liens in certain counties.
Blauveltv. Woodworth (1865) 31 N. Y. 285.
1853, chap. 62. Highways across railroad. Albany
Northern R. Co. v. Brownell (1862) 24 N. Y.
345 ; Boston & A. R. Co. v. Greenbush (1873) 52
N. Y. 510.
1853, chap. 80. Superintendents of poor not to hold cer-
tain offices. People ex rel. Furman v. Clute ( 1872)
50 N. Y. 451, 10 Am. Rep. 508.
1853, chap. 183. New York police justice, records of
conviction in vagrancy. Morris v. People (1853)
I Park. Crim. Rep. 441; Re Morris (1853) 2
Edm. Sel. Cas. 381.
1853, chap. 217. New York, contracts for expenditures.
People ex rel. McSpedon v. Stout (1856) 13 How
Pr. 314.
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 15
1853, chap. 230, § 5. Schools, separate for colored
children in Buffalo. Dallas v. Fosdick ( 1869) 40
How. Pr. 249.
1853, chap. 238. Partition under void devise. Ward v.
Ward (1881) 23 Hun, 431.
1853, chap. 283. Railroad aid, Rome. Bank of Rome y.
Rome (1858) 18N. Y. 38.
1853, chap. 442. Infants, sale of property. Leggett v.
Hunter (1859) 19 N. Y. 445.
1853, chap. 462. Troy, taxation of Union R. R. Co.
People ex rel. Troy Union R. Co. v. Carter ( 1889)
52 Hun, 458, 5 N. Y. Supp. 507, affirmed in
(1889) 117 N. Y. 625, 22 N. E. 1 128.
1853, chap. 466, § 13. Corporations, fire insurance.
Hyatt V. Whipple (1862) 37 Barb. 595; Hyatt v.
Esmond (1862) 37 Barb. 601.
1853, chap. 467, § 9, amended 1854, chap. 196. New
York pilots, examination and license. People ex
rel. Sisco v. Pilots (1881) 23 Hun, 603.
1853, chap. 467, § 29, amended 1857, chap. 243. New
York pilots, penalty for unauthorized service.
Sturgis V. Spofford (1871) 45 N. Y. 446.
1853, chap. 471, amending 1848, chap. 265. Corpora-
tions, telegraph. Dusenbury v. Mutual Union
Teleg. Co. (1882) 11 Abb. N. C. 440, 64 How. Pr.
206.
1854, chap. 63. Railroad aid, Albany. Benson v. Al-
bany (1857) 24 Barb. 248.
1854, chap. 87. Plank roads. Heath v. Barmore {1872)
50 N. Y. 302.
1854, chap. 96. Buffalo superior court. International
Bank V. Bradley (1859) 19 N. Y. 245.
1854, chap. 127, §§ 7, 8. Ilion police justice. Braii-
don V. Avery (i860) 22 N. Y. 469.
1854, chap. 196. See 1853, chap. 467, § 9.
i6 Constitutional History of New York.
1854, chap. 271. Plank roads, abandonment. People v.
Fishkill&B. PL Road Co. (1857) 27 Barb. 445-
1854, chap. 282. See 1850, chap. 140.
1854, chap.' 383. Village of Greenbush. Boston & A.
R. Co. V. Greenbush (1872) 5 Lans. 461, affirmed
in (1873) 52N. Y. 510.
1854, chap. 386. Schuyler county, erection of. De
Camp V. Eveland (1854) 19 Barb. 81 ; Gillespie v.
Broas (1856) 23 Barb. 370; Rumsey v. People
(1859) 19N. Y. 41.
1854, chap. 387. See 185 1, chap. 332.
1854, chap. 398, § 15. Mihtia law, exemptions. People
ex rel. Cunningham v. Roper (1866) 35 N. Y.
629.
1854, chap. 402. Mechanics' liens in certain counties.
Glaciusv. Black (1876) 67 N. Y. 563.
1855, chap. 37. Taxation, nonresident. Duer v. Small
(1859) 4 Blatchf. 263, Fed. Cas. No. 4,116.
1855, chap. 231. Liquor law. People v. Quant (1855)
12 How. Pr. 83. Contra, Wynehamer v. People
(1856) 13N.Y. 378.
1855, chap. 296. Morris Canal & Banking Company.
Morris Canal & Bkg. Co. v. Townsend (1857) 24
Barb. 658, reversed in (1868) 39 N. Y. 171.
1855, chap. 335. Orange county tax. People ex rel.
Burrows v. Orange County (1858) 17 N. Y. 235.
1855, chap. 337. New York general sessions. People
V. McCann (1857) 16 N. Y. 58, 69 Am. Dec. 642.
1855, chap. 347. Schoharie Turnpike Road Company,
sale of road. Clozv v. Van Loan (1875) 6 Thomp.
& C. 458. 4 Hun, 184.
1855, chap. 407. New York commissioner of records.
People ex rel. Kingsland v. Palmer (1873) 52 N.
Y. 83.
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 17
185s, chap. 427. Evidence. Hickox v. Tollman (i860)
38 Barb. 608.
1855, chap. 427, § 65. See 1885, chap. 448.
1855, chap. 428. Riots, county liable for damages.
Wolfe V. Richmond County (i860) 19 How. Pr.
370; Luke V. Brooklyn (1864) 43 Barb. 54, af-
firmed in (1867) 3 Keyes, 445; Davidson v. New
York (1864) 27 How. Pr. 342; Darlington v.
New York (1865) 31 N. Y.* 164, 88 Am. Dec.
248; Moody V. Niagara County (1866) 46 Barb.
659, affirmed in (1867) 36 N. Y. 297; Eastman v.
New York (1868) 5 Robt. 389.
1855, chap. 545. Metropolitan Gaslight Company.
People V. Bozven (i860) 21 N. Y. 517.
1856, chap. 64. Railroad aid, Albany & Susquehanna R.
Co. Grant v. Courier (1857) 24 Barb. 232.
1857, chap. 14. Relief of J. Ley and Son. Brewster v.
Syracuse (1859) 19 N. Y. 116.
1857, chap. 156, § 9. Malone Waterworks Company.
Re Malone Waterworks Co. (1891) 38 N. Y. S.
R. 95, 15 N. Y. Supp. 649.
1857, chap. 243. New York pilots. Wilson v. McNa-
mee (1880) 102 U. S. 572, 26 L. ed. 234, affirming
(1878) 74 N. Y. 597. See 1853, chap. 467.
1857, chap. 267. Canals, abandonment. People v.
Stephens (1878) 13 Hun, 17.
1857, chap. 344, § 3, subsec. 2. New York district
court, jury of six. People ex rel. Metropolitan
Bd. of Health v. Lane (1869) 55 Barb. 168.
1857, chap. 344, § 3, subsec. 3. New York, removal of
cause from district court to court of common pleas.
Johnson v. Ackerson (1871) 3 Daly, 430.
1857, chap. 344, § 71. New York district court clerk.
People ex rel. Loew v. Batchelor (i860) 22 N. Y.
128.
Vol. V. Const. Hist. — 2.
i8 Constitutional History of New York.
1857, chap. 405. New York port wardens. Tinkham
V. Tapscott (1858) 17 N. Y. 141.
1857, chap. 417. Dutchess county, use of certain plank
road. Sezvard v. Beach (1859) 29 Barb. 239.
1857, chap. 446. New York, compensation of officers.
Phillips V. New York (1857) i Hilt. 483.
1857, chap. 456. Taxation of corporations. People ex
rel. Bank of Ike Commonwealth v. Assessment &
Tax Comrs. (i860) 32 Barb. 509, affirmed in
(1861) 23 N. Y. 192.
1857, chap. 495. Fort Plain Bridge Co. Pt. Plain
Bridge Co. v. Smith (1864) 30 N. Y. 44.
1857, chap. 523. Owego charter. Pumpelly v. Owego
(1863) 45 How. Pr. 219.
1857, chap. 548. See 1837, chap. 30.
1857, chap. 569. Metropolitan police district. . People
ex rel. Wood v. Draper (1857) 15 N. Y. 532;
People ex rel. McCune v. Police Board (1859) 19
N. Y. 188.
1857, chap. 590. New York board of supei-visors.
People ex rel. Kingsland v. Bradley (1872) 64
Barb. 228, affirmed in (1873) 52 N. Y. 83.
1857, chap. 628, § II. General excise law. Board of
Excise V. Merchant (1886) 103 N. Y. 143, 57 Am.
Rep. 705, 8 N. E. 484.
1857, chap. 628, § 17. See 1869, chap. 856, § 2.
1857, chap. 639. Bridges across boundary streams. Re
Mt. Morris (1886) 41 Hun, 29.
1857, chap. 763. New York tidewater grants. People
V. New York & S. I. Ferry Co. (1877) 68 N. Y.
71-
1858, chap. 17, § 6. Legal notices in village of Deposit
More V. Deyoe ( 1880) 22 Hun, 208.
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 19
1858, chap, 22. Elections in Watervliet. People ex rel.
Le Roy v. Foley (1896) 148 N. Y. 677, 43 N. E.
171.
1858, chap. 332, § I. Challenges to jurors. Walter v.
People (1865) 32 N. Y. 147.
1858, chap. 338. New York assessments. Re Beekman
(i860) 19 How. Pr. 518, II Abb. Pr. 164.
1859, chap. 70. See 1845, chap. 192.
1859, chap. 302. New York assessments. Re Roberts
(1879) 17 Hun, 559, affirmed in (1880) 81 N. Y.
63.
1859, chap. 384, § 5. Town railroad commissioners.
People ex rcl. Wilbur v. Eddy (1870) 57 Barb.
593-
1859, chap. 392. New York Protestant Episcopal Pub-
lic School. Re New York Protestant Episcopal
Public School (1864) 31 N. Y. 574.
1859, chap. 484, amended i860, chap. 100, amended
1863, chap. 298. Long Island Railroad Co. Litch-
field V. McComber (1864) 42 Barb. 288; Litch-
field V. Vernon (1869) 41 N. Y. 123; People ex
rel. Crowell v. Lawrence (1869) 41 N. Y. 137;
People V. Long Island R. Co. ( 1880) 9 Abb. N. C.
181, 60 How. Pr. 395.
1859, chap. 489, § 5. New York tax act, fraudulent
judgments. Sharp v. New York (1859) 31 Barb.
572; Cutwater v. New York (i860) 18 How. Pr.
572 ; Joyce v. New York ( i860) 20 How. Pr. 439 ;
Macomber v. New York (i860) 17 Abb. Pr. 35.
i860, chap. 16. Otsego, justices of sessions. Nelson v.
People (1861) 23 N. Y. 293.
i860, chap. 100. See 1859, chap. 484.
i860, chap. 117. Bottling act. Mullins v. People
(1862) 24 N. Y. 399-
20 Constitutional History of New York.
i860, chap. 187. University of New York, admission of
attorneys. Re Graduates (i860) 11 Abb. Pr. 301.
i860, chap. 202. Columbia college, admission of attor-
neys. Re Cooper (i860) 22 N. Y. 67.
i860, chap. 396, repealing 1805, chap. 98. Remedy.
Van Rensselaer v. Read (1863) 26 N. Y. 558.
i860, chap. 411. New York, ratifying railroad grant.
Wetmore v. Law (i860) 34 Barb. 515.
i860, chap. 501. Sabbath law. People v. Hoym (i860)
20 How. Pr. 76; Lindenmuller v. People (1861)
33 Barb. ^48;Neuendorff v. Duryea (1877) 69 N.
Y. 557-
t86o, chap. 508. New York police courts. Williams v.
People (1862) 24 N. Y. 405.
i860, chap. 509. New York city taxes. Devlin v. New
York (187s) 63 N. Y. 8.
i860, chap. 513. New York street railroads. People v.
New York (1861) 20 How. Pr. 144; People v.
Kerr (1863) 27 N. Y. 188; Sixth Ave. R. Co. v.
Kerr (1878) 72 N. Y. 330.
1 86 1, chap. 143. Rochester, . justices of the peace.
People ex rel. White v. Rochester (1877) 11 Hun,
241.
1861, chap. 158. Justices' courts. Dawson v. Horan
(1868) 51 Barb. 459; Knight v. Campbell (1872)
62 Barb. 16.
1 86 1, chap. 173. Fish and game in certain counties.
People V. Reed ( 1866) 47 Barb. 235.
1861, chap. 221. Judgment in ejectment. Bay v. Gage
(1862) 36 Barb. 447.
1861, chap. 297. Brooklyn, local assessments. Guest v.
Brooklyn (1876) 8 Hun, 97, affirmed in (1877)
69 N. Y. 506.
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 21
1861, chap. 308. New York board of revision. Re Tap-
pan (1869) 54 Barb. 225; Re Volkening (1873)
52 N. Y. 650; Re Roberts (1880) 81 N. Y. 63;
Re Lester (1880) 21 Hun, 130.
1861, chap. 324. Coney Island R. R. Co. Brooklyn
City &• N. R. Co. v. Coney Island & B. R. Co.
(1861) 35 Barb. 364.
1861, chap. 333, § 3. New York recognizances. People
V. Quigg (1874) SqN. Y. 83.
1862, chap. 63, § 39. Brooklyn, relief from acts of offi-
cers. Gray v. Brooklyn (1868) 50 Barb. 365, af-
firmed in (1869) 2 Abb. App. Dec. 267.
1862, chap. 412. Insolvent insurance company. Sands
V. Kimbark (1863) 27 N. Y. 147; Sands v. Til-
linghast (1863) 24 How. Pr. 435.
1862, chap. 459. See 1867, chap. 814.
1862, chap. 482. Liens on ships and vessels. Re The
Circassian (1867) 50 Barb. 490; Sheppard v.
Steele (1870) 43 N. Y. 52, 3 Am. Rep. 660;
Fisher v. Luting (1871) i Jones & S. 337; Happy
V. Mosher (1872) 48 N. Y. 313; Murphy v.
Salem (1874) 3 Thomp. & C. 660, i Hun, 140;
King V. Greenway (1877) 71 N. Y. 413; Fralick
V. Belts (1878) 13 Hun, 632.
1862, chap. 487. Regulation of piers. Roosevelt v.
Godard (1868) 52 Barb. 533.
1862, chap. 487, § 7. See 1865, chap. 586.
1863, chap. 15. Military bounty law. Jones v. Cham-
berlain (1888) 109 N. Y. 100, 16 N. E. 72.
1863, chap. 196. Buffalo assessment. Howell v. Buf-
falo (1867) 37N. Y. 267.
1863, chap. 227; 1867, chap. 586; 1868, chap. 853. New
York, official newspaper. Re As tor (1872) 50 N.
Y. 363.
22 Constitutional History of New York.
1863, chap. 227. New York, Croton aqueduct contracts.
Baldivin v. Nezv York (1865) 45 Barb. 359, af-
firmed in (1866) 2 Keyes, 387.
1863, chap. 298. See 1859, chap. 484.
1864, chap. 25. Saratoga county, plank roads. People
ex rel. Mitchell v. Lawrence (1869) 54 Barb. 589.
1864, chap. 402. Albany & Susquehanna R. R. Co.
People ex rel. Albany & S. R. Co. v. Mitchell
(1866) 35 N. Y. 551, affirming (1865) 45 Barb.
208; Duanesburgh v. Jenkins (1874) 57 N. Y.
177.
1864, chap. 547. Buffalo breakwater. Sweet v. Buffalo,
N. Y. & P. R. Co. (1880) 79 N. Y. 293.
1864, chap. 555. Public instruction. Dallas v. Fosdick
(1869) 40 How. Pr. 249; People ex rel. King v.
Gallagher (1883) 93 N. Y. 438, 45 Am. Rep. 232.
1864, chap. 582, § 4. Railroad law. Ulster & D. R. Co.
V. Gross (1883) 31 Hun, 83.
1865, chap. 29, § 4. Military bounties. Powers v. Shep-
ard (1872) 48 N. Y. 540.
1865, chap. 115. Hellgate pilots. People v. Sperry
(1867) 50 Barb. 170.
1865, chap. 249. New York fire department. People v.
Pinckney (1865) 32 N. Y. 377.
18.65, chap. 365. Lockport election districts. People ex
rel. Lardner v. Carson (1898) 155 N. Y. 491, 50
N. E. 292.
1865, chap. 453. Reassessment. People ex rel. Brook-
lyn City R. Co. V. Board of Assessors (1883) 92
N. Y. 430.
1865, chap. 553. Rochester charter amendments. Ire-
land V. Rochester (1868) 51 Barb. 416.
1865, chap. 554, amended 1866, chap. 483. Capital
police district. People ex rel. McMullen v. Shep-
ard (1867) 36N. Y. 285.
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 23
1865, chap. 564. New York improvement. Astor v.
Nezu York (1875) 62 N. Y. 567.
1865, chap. 565. New York, Central park commis-
sioners. Re Central Park (1868) 51 Barb. 277.
1865, chap. 586, amending 1862, chap. 487, § 7. New
York harbor law. Tinken v. Stillwagon (1878)
I N. Y. City Ct. Rep. 390.
1865, chap. 612, § I. Militia law, exemptions. People
ex rel. Cunningham v. Roper (1866) 35 N. Y.
629.
1865, chap. 694, amended 1875, chap. 60. Foreign in-
surance companies. People v. Fire Asso. (1883)
92 N. Y. 311, 44 Am. Rep. 380.
1866, chap. 74, amended 1866, chap. 686. Metropolitan
sanitary district. Cooper v. Schultz (1866) 32
How. Pr. 107; Coe v. Schultz (1866) 47 Barb. 64;
Reynolds v. Schultz (1866) 34 How. Pr. 147;
Metropolitan Bd. of Health v. Heister (1868) 37
N. Y. 661.
1866, chap. 245. See 1851, chap. 332.
1866, chap. 347, amended 1879, chap. 85. Middletown
water act. Re Middletown (1880) 82 N. Y. 196.
1866, chap. 367. Central Park commissioners. Re
Knaust (1886) loi N. Y. 188, 4 N. E. 338.
1866, chap. 398; 1 87 1, chap. 298. New York & Oswego
Midland R. R. Co., municipal aid. People ex
rel Akin v. Morgan (1873) 65 Barb. 473, re-
versed in (1874) 55 N. Y. 587, without consider-
ing the question of local law. See 1870, chap.
794
1866, chap. 483. See 1865, chap. 554.
1866, chap. 576; 1867, chap. 708; 1869, chap. 902.
North America Life Insurance Co. Atty. Gen.
V. North America L. Ins. Co. (1880) 82 N. Y.
172.
24 Constitutional History of New York.
1866, chap. 578. Metropolitan board of excise. Met-
ropolitan Bd. of Excise v. Barrie (1866) 34 N. Y.
657; Re De Vaucene (1866) 31 How. Pr. 289.
1866, chap. 633, amended 1867, chap. 962; 1870, chap.
297; 1877, chap. 64; 1879, chap. 89. New York
volunteer fire department, benevolent fund. Ex-
empt Firemen's Fund v. Roome (1883) 93 N. Y.
313, 45 Am. Rep. 217.
1866, chap. 648. Rondout & Oswego R. R., municipal
aid. Re Rondout & O. R. Co. v. Deyo (1871) 5
Lans. 298.
1866, cliap. 686. See 1866, chap. 74.
1866, chap. 695. See 1870, chap. 794.
1866, chap. 730. Repealing statute authorizing gaslight
contracts in certain towns in Richmond county.
Richmond County Gaslight Co. v. Middletown
(1874) 59N. Y. 228.
1866, chap. 761. Savings bank tax. People ex rel. Gal-
latin Nat. Bank v. Tax &■ A. Comrs. (1876) 67
N. Y. 516; Albany County v. Stanley (1881) 105
U. S. 305, 26 L. ed. 1044.
1867, chap. 59, amending 1851, chap. 389. Rochester,
election of directors in Rochester & Genesee Val-
ley R. R. Co. Miller v. New York (1872) 15
Wall. 478, 21 L. ed. 98; Rochester v. Branson
(1871) 41 How. Pr. 78. See also 1865, chap. 181.
People ex rel. McConvill v. Hills ( 1866) 46 Barb.
340. The same case, holding act unconstitutional,
(1866) 35 N. Y. 449-
1867, chap. 96. Brockport normal school. Gordon v.
Comes (1872) 47 N. Y. 608.
1867, chap. 260. Coxsackie police justice. Bocock v.
Cochran (1884) 32 Hun, 521.
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 25
1867, chap. 353. Saratoga board of education. People
ex rel. Board of Education v. Bennett (1867) 54
Barb. 480.
1867, chap. 360, § 25. Rhinebeck charter, street open-
ing. Re Livingston Street (1880) 82 N. Y. 621.
1867, chap. 393. Utica waterworks. Utica Waterworks
Co. V. Utica (1884) 31 Hun, 426.
1867, chap. 479, amended 1880, chap. 19. Dunkirk
charter, pavements. New York, L. E. & W . R.
Co. V. Dunkirk (1892) 65 Hun, 494, 20 N. Y.
Supp. 596, affirmed in (1894) 143 N. Y. 659, 39
N. E. 494.
1867, chap. 489. New York Elevated R. Co. Story v.
New York Elev. R. Co. (1882) 11 Abb. N. C. 236.
1867, chap. 586. See 1863, chap. 227.
1867, chap. 697. New York, Central park. Re Central
Park (1872) 63 Barb. 282, appeal dismissed in
(1872) 50 N. Y. 493 ; Fearing v. Irwin (1874) 55
N. Y. 486.
1867, chap. 708. See 1866, chap. 576.
1867, chap. 754. Associated Press. Matthews v. Asso-
ciated Press (1893) 136 N. Y. 333, 32 Am. St.
Rep. 741, 32 N. E. 981.
1867, chap. 814, amending 1862, chap. 459. Cattle in
highways. Fox v. Dunckel (1869) 55 Barb. 431 ;
McConnell v. Van Aerman (1869) 56 Barb. 534;
Squares v. Campbell (1871) 60 Barb. 391; Cook
V. Gregg ( 1874) 46 N. Y. 439 ; Campbell v. Evans
(1871) 45 N. Y. 356. See Jones v. Sheldon
(1872) 50 N. Y. 477; Leavitt v. Thompson
(1873) 52 N. Y. 62.
26 Constitutional History of New York.
1867, chap. 846. New York Board of fire underwriters.
New York Fire Underwriters v. Metropolitan
Lloyds (1895) II Misc. 646, 33 N. Y. Supp. 547.
affirmed in (1895) 87 Hun, 619; New York Fire
Underwriters v. Whipple (1896) 2 App. Div. 361,
37 N. Y. Supp. 712.
1867, chap. 887. Husband and wife as witnesses.
Southwick V. Southwick (1872) 49 N. Y. 510.
1867, chap. 919. Queensbury, railroad aid. Queertshury
V. Culver (1873) 19 Wall. 83, 22 L. ed. 100.
1867, chap. 945. Regulating use of East river piers for
canal boats. Roosevelt v. Godard (1868) 52
Barb. 533.
1867, chap. 956, § 9. New York board of health. Burn-
ham V. Acton (1868) 35 How. Pr. 48.
1867, chap. 962. See 1866, chap. 633.
1868, chap. 571, § 7. Syracuse Northern R. Co. Al-
vord V. Syracuse Sav. Bank (1885) 98 N. Y. 599.
1868, chap. 631, amended 1872, chap. 710; 1873, chap.
592; 1874, chap. 588. Brooklyn street improve-
ments. Re Certain Streets (1878) 7 N. Y. Week.
Dig. 202; Re Sackett, D. & De G. Streets (1878)
74 N. Y. 95; Genet v. Brooklyn (1884) 94 N. Y.
645 ; Genet v. Brooklyn (1885) 99 N. Y. 296, i N.
E. 777.
1868, chap. 734. Oyster beds. People v. Thompson
(1883) 18 N. Y. Week. Dig. 145.
1868, chap. 803. Protestant Episcopal churches. People
ex rel. Sturges v. Keese (1882) 27 Hun, 483.
1868, chap. 816, § 5. People's Safe Deposit Co. Par-
dee v. Fish (1875) 60 N. Y. 265, 19 Am. Rep.
176.
1868, chap 842. Pneumatic tubes. Astor v. Arcade R.
Co. (1889) 113 N. Y. 93, 2 L. R. A. 789, 20 N. E.
594-
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 27
1868, chap. 853, § 8. New York jurisdiction of supreme
court. Brooklyn v. Netv York (1881) 25 Hun,
612. See 1863, chap. 227.
1869, chap. 75. Carthage, Watertown, & Sacketts Har-
bor R. R. Co., municipal aid. Cumines v. Jeffer-
son County (1872) 63 Barb. 287.
1869, chap. 84, § 2. New York & Oswego Midland R.
R. Co. New York & O. Midland R. Co. v. Van
Horn (1874) 57 N. Y. 473.
1869, chap. 272, amended 1870, chap. 340. Yonkers and
East Chester highways. People ex rel. McLean v.
Flagg (1871) 46 N. Y, 401.
1869, chap. 277. See 1883, chap. 412.
1869, chap. 383. Brooklyn, local assessment. Guest v.
Brooklyn (1876) 8 Hun, 97, affirmed in (1877)
69 N. Y. 506.
1869, chap. 569, § 4. New York, fees of sheriffs and
referees. Richards v. Richards (1879) 76 N. Y.
i?,6; Brady v. Kingsland ( 1884) 67 How. Pr. 168.
1869, chap. 678. Defendant may be witness in crim-
inal case. People v. Courtney (1884) 94 N. Y.
490.
1869, chap. 834. Carthage charter, ordinances. Car-
thage V. Frederick (1890) 122 N. Y. 268, 10 L.
R. A. 178, 19 Am. St. Rep. 490, 25 N. E. 480.
1869, chap. 850. Westchester highway. Hanlon v.
Westchester (1870) 57 Barb. 383.
1869, chap. 856, § 2, amending 1857, chap. 628, § 17.
Excise law. People v. Burleigh (1883) i N. Y.
Crim. Rep. 522, no opinion in 29 Hun, 203.
1869, chap. 875. New York hospital. People ex rel.
Davies v. Taxes & A. Comrs. (1872) 47 N. Y.
501.
28 Constitutional History of New York.
1869, chap. 876, § II ; 1870, chap. 382, § 3. New York
tax levy. Drake v. New York (1873) 7 Lans.
340; Sullivan v. New York (1873) 53 N. Y. 652,
47 How. Pr. 491.
1869, chap. 883. Limiting appeals. Re Palmer (1869)
40N. Y. 561.
1869, chap. 888. Drainage act. Re Ryers (1878) 72
N. Y. I, 28 Am. Rep. 88.
1869, chap. 902. Deposits by life insurance companies.
People V. Globe-Mut. L. Ins. Co. (1880) 60 How.
Pr. 82. See 1866, chap. 576.
1869, chap. 907, amended 1871, chap. 925. Railroad
aid. People ex ret. Doty v. Henshaw (1870) 61
Barb. 409; Clark v. Sheldon (1887) 106 N. Y.
104, 12 N. E. 341 ; Brownell v. Greenwich (1889)
114 N. Y. 518, 4 L. R. A. 685, 22 N. E. 24.
1870, chap. 25. Rome, justices of the peace. Ostrander
V. People (1883) 29 Hun, 513.
1870, chap. 47. Monroe county special sessions. Peo-
ple ex ret. Stetzer v. Rawson ( 1872) 61 Barb. 619.
1870, chap. 78, amending 1847, chap. 45°- Damages for
injuries causing death. Cornwall v. Mills (1878)
12 Jones & S. 45.
1870, chap. 80, § 214. Military code, courts-martial.
People ex ret. Underwood v. Daniell (1872) 50
N. Y. 274.
1870, chap. 137. New York charter. Re Zborowski
( 1877) 68 N. Y. 88. Long v. New York ( 1880)
81 N. Y. 425.
1870, chap. 160. Relief of Densmore. People v. Dens-
more (1873) I Thomp. & C. 280.
1870, chap. 263. See 1845, chap. 192.
1870, chap. 291, title 3, § 3. General village law, ped-
dler's license. Ballston Spa v. Markham (1890)
58 Hun, 238, II N. Y. Supp. 826.
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 29
1870, chap. 291, title 3, § 4. General village law, side-
walks in villages. Richter v. Nezv York (1898)
24 Misc. 613, 54 N. Y. Supp. 150.
1870, chap. 291, title 7, § 5. General village law, street
improvements. Allen v. Northville (1886) 39
Hun, 240.
1870, chap. 297. See 1866, chap. 633.
1870, chap. 340. See 1869, chap. 272.
1870, chap. 359. New York surrogate's court. Re
Bernstein (1877) 3 Redf. 20.
1870, chap. 382, § 3. See 1869, chap. 876, § 11.
1870, chap. 383, § 13; 1871, chap. 574, § 5. New York
water meters. Hill v. Thompson (1884) 18 Jones
& S. 165.
1870, chap. 383, § 27. New York, vacating assessments.
Re Metropolitan Gaslight Co. (1881) 85 N. Y.
526.
1870, chap. 383, § 49. New York special sessions. Peo-
ple v. Davis ( 1872) 61 Barb. 456.
1870, chap. 519, title 3, § 7. Buffalo charter, audit of
claims. Reining v. Buffalo (1886) 102 N. Y. 308,
6 N. E. 792.
1870, chap. 623, amended 1871, chap. 674; 1872, chap.
500. Saratoga Springs, Union avenue. People
ex rel. Kilmer v. McDonald (1877) 69 N. Y. 362,
affirming (1875) 4 Hun, 187.
1870, chap. 741. New York district courts. People
ex rel. Grissler v. Dudley ( 1874) 58 N. Y. 323.
1870, chap. 757. Bloomfield & Rochester Natural Gas-
light Co. Bloomfield & R. Natural Gaslight Co.
v. Richardson (1872) 63 Barb. 437.
1870, chap. 767. Canal improvement. People ex rel.
Williams v. Dayton ( 1874) 55 N. Y. 367.
30 Constitutional History of New York.
1870, chap. 794, amending 1866, chaps. 398, 695. New
York & Oswego Midland R. R. Co., municipal aid.
People ex rel. Rochester v. Deyoe (1873) 2
Thomp. & C. 142.
1871, chap. 5, § I. New York, Eighth and Tenth ave-
nues. Brown v. New York ( 1875) 63 N. Y. 239.
1871, chap. 57. New York, widening Broadway. Re
Broadway (1872) 61 Barb. 483, affirmed in
(1872) 49 N. Y. 150; Re Broadway (1872) 63
Barb. 572 ; Garrison v. New York ( 1874) 21 Wall.
196, 22 L. ed. 612.
1 87 1, chap. 269, § I. Shepherd's Fold. Shepherd's
Fold V. New York (1884) 96 N. Y. 137.
1 87 1, chap. 298. See 1866, chap. 398.
1 87 1, chap. 461. Long Island City, local court. Har-
ris V. People (1875) 59 N. Y. 599.
1871, chap. 574, § 5. See 1870, chap. 383, § 13.
1871, chap. 583. New York, limitation of expenditures.
Qninn v. New York (1872) 63 Barb. 596, affirmed
in (1873) 53 N. Y. 627.
1871, chap. 583. New York judgments. Lezventhal v.
New York (1872) 5 Lans. 532, 61 Barb. 511.
1871, chap. 583. New York salaries. Fellows v. New
York (1876) 8 Hun, 484.
1871, chap. 674. See 1870, chap. 623.
1871, chap. 721, §§ 7, 8, 33. Game law. Phelps v.
Racey (1875) 60 N. Y. 10, 19 Am. Rep. 140.
1871, chap. 809. Railroad aid bonds. Thompson v.
Perrine (1880) 103 U. S. 806, 26 L. ed. 612.
1 87 1, chap. 810. Watertown recorder. People ex rel.
Thompson v. Webster (1894) 8 Misc. 133, 28 N.
Y. Supp. 646.
1871, chap. 859, § 5. Surrogates, election to fill vacancy.
People ex rel. Weller v. Townsend ( 1886) 102 N.
Y. 430, 7 N. E. 360.
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 31
1871, chap. 925. See 1869, chap. 907.
1872, chap. 9. New York, repayment of advances. Neiv
York V. Tenth Nat. Bank (1888) in N. Y. 446,
18 N. E. 618.
1872, chap. 45, § 2. Albany, Washington park. Re
Washington Park (1873) 52 N. Y. 131.
1872, chap. 129. Troy repavement. Mar an v. Troy
(1877) gHun, S40.
1872, chap. 161. Taxpayer's right of action. Hurl-
hurt V. Banks (1876) 52 How. Pr. 196, afifirmed
in (1876) I Abb. N. C. 172; Rogers v. Rochester,
H. & P. C. R. Co. (1880) 21 Hun, 44.
1872, chap. 219, §§ 3, 4. Rochester city hall. People
ex ret. Hayden v. Rochester (1872) 50 N. Y. 525.
1872, chap. 285. Queens county highways. People ex
rel. Burroughs v. Brinkerhoff (1877) 68 N. Y.
259-
1872, chap. 475. Criminal action, challenges to jurors.
Stokes V. People (1873) 53 N. Y. 164, 13 Am.
Rep. 492 ; People ex rel. Tweed v. Liscomh (1875)
3 Hun, 760, reversed, without considering consti-
tutionality of statute, in (1875) ^o N. Y. 559, 19
Am. Rep. 211.
1872, chap. 479. Sale of infant's real estate. Ebling v.
Dreyer (1896) 149 N. Y. 460, 44 N. E. 155.
1872, chap. 500. See 1870, chap. 623.
1872, chap. 575, §§ 12, 13. Registration of voters.
People ex rel. Dailey v. Livingston (1879) 79 N.
Y. 279.
1872, chap. 580. New York, assessment for local im-
provements. Re Mayer (1872) 50 N.' Y. 504;
Re Delancey (1873) 52 N. Y. 80; Lennon v. New
York (1874) 55 N. Y. 361; Astor v. New York
(1875) 62 N. Y. 580; Eno V. New York (1877)
68 N. Y. 214; Re Kendall (1881) 85 N. Y. 302.
32 Constitutional History of New York.
1872, chap. 594. Utica, Ithaca & Elmira R. R. Co.
Parker V. Elmira, C. & N. R. Co. (1901) 165 N.
Y. 274, 59 N. E. 81.
1872, chap. 629, § 3, subsec 12. New York marine
court. Anderson v. Reilly (1876) 66 N. Y. 189;
Camp V. Hallanan (1887) 42 Hun, 628.
1872, chap. 634. Pacific Mail Steamers Co. Joslyn v.
Pacinc Mail S. S. Co. (1872) 12 Abb. Pr. N. S.
329-
1872, chap. 639. White Plains, drainage. People ex
rel. Little v. Willsea (1875) 60 N. Y. 507.
1872, chap. 687, § I. See 1877, chap. 169, § 4.
1872, chap. 702. New York, Fourth avenue. People
ex rel. New York & H. R. Co. v. Havemeyer
( 1874) 4 Thomp. & C. 365, 47 How. Pr. 494.
1872, chap. 710. See 1868, chap. 631.
1872, chap. 740. Black Rock harbor. People v. Canal
Board (1873) i Thomp. & C. 309, affirmed in
(1874) 55 N.Y. 390.
1872, chap. 741. Confirming Utica assessment. Mann
V. Utica (1872) 44 How. Pr. 334.
1872, chap 771. Rochester charter amendments. Peo-
ple ex rel. Rochester v. Briggs (1872) 50 N. Y.
553-
1872, chap. 812. Confirming Brooklyn assessments. Re
Van Afitzverp (1874) 56 N. Y. 261.
1872, chap. 836. New York, places of public amuse-
ment. W attack V. New York (1874) 5 Thomp. &
C. 310, 3 Hun, 84, affirmed in (1876) 67 N. Y. 23.
1872, chap. 838. Revival of proceedings against as-
signees. Re Grove (1873) 64 Barb. 526.
1872, chap. 872. New York, Croton aqueduct. Re Up-
son (1882) 89 N.Y. 67.
Constitutional Statutes— Chronological. 33
1873, chap. 84, § 5. Brockport, charter amendments.
People ex rel. Brockport v. Sutphin ( 1901 ) 166 N.
Y. 163, 59 N. E. 770, (1900) 53 App. Div. 613, 66
N. Y. Supp. 49.
1873, chap. 119. Rebate of taxes. People ex rel.
Witherbee v. Essex County ( 1877) 70 N. Y. 228.
1873, chap. J39. Fall Brook Coal Co. Fall Brook Coal
Co. V. Ly}tch ( 1874) 47 How. Pr. 520.
1873, chap. 186. Civil rights protected. People ex rel.
King V. Gallagher (1883) 93 N. Y. 438, 45 Am.
Rep. 232.
1873, chap. 199; 1873, chap. 647; 1875, chap. 389. New
York, Bleecker Street & Fulton Ferry R. R. Co.
Central Crosstown R. Co. v. Twenty-Third Street
R. Co. (1877) 54 How. Pr. 168; New York v.
Twenty-third Street R. Co. (1889) 113 N. Y. 311,
21 N. E. 60.
1873, chap. 239, § I. Jurisdiction of superior city
courts. People ex rel. Ryan v. Green (1874) 58
N. Y. 29s; Darragh v. McKim (1874) 2 Hun,
337-
1873, chap. 285. Dansville water supply. People ex
rel. Faulkner v. Dansville (1874) 4 Thomp. & C.
87, I Hun, 593.
1873, chap. 323. Highways. People ex rel. Weeks v.
Queens County (1879) 18 Hun, 4, modified in
(1880) 82 N. Y. 275.
1873, chap. 330, title, 4, § i. Police court in Deposit.
Deposit V. Vail (1875) 5 Hun, 310.
1873, chap. 330, title 5, § 6. Deposit charter, publica-
tion of notices. More v. Deyoe (1880) 22 Hun,
208.
Vol. V. Const. Hist. — 3.
34 Constitutional History of New York.
1873, chap. 335. New York charter. Demarest v.
Wickham (1875) 67 Barb. 312, 4 Hun, 627, af-
firmed in (1875) 63 N. Y. 320; People ex rel.
Taylor v. Dunlap (1876) 66 N. Y. 162 ; People ex
rel. Cox V. Special Sessions' Justices (1876) 7
Hun, 214; Billings v. New York '(1877) 68 N.
Y. 413; Polinsky v. People (1878) 73 N. Y. 65;
Demarest v. New York (1878) 74 N. Y. 161;
Hill V. Thompson (1882) 16 Jones & S. 481.
1873, chap. 335, § 4- See 1873, chap. 757, § 4- See
1878, chap. 400.
r873, chap. 335, § 112, amended 1873, chap. 757, § 20.
1873, chap. 779, § I. New York charter. Tozvn-
send V. New York (1879) 77 N. Y. 542.
r873, chap. 357. Habitual criminals. People v. Mc-
Carthy (1873) 45 How. Pr. 97.
1873, chap. 370. Port Jervis police justice. People ex
rel. Creegan v. Dutcher (1874) 4 Thomp. & C.
391, 2 Hun, 156.
1873, chap. 387, § 18. Lockport assessments. Works v.
Lockport (1882) 28 Hun, 9.
1873, chap. 427. Challenges to jurors. People ex rel.
Tweed v. Lispomb (1875) 3 Hun, 760, reversed
without considering constitutionality of statute in
(1875) 60 N. Y. 559, 19 Am. Rep. 211 ; Weston
V. People (1875) 6 Hun, 140; People v. Tweed
(1877) II Hun, 195.
1873, chap. 505, § 51. Gloversville excise commission-
ers. Gloversville v. Howell (^877) 70 N. Y. 287.
1873, chap. 528. New York, eastern boulevard. Re
Leake & W. Orphan Home (1883) 92 N. Y. 116.
1873, chap. 531. Gravesend avenue. Re Prospect
Park & C. I. R. Co. (1876) 67 N. Y. 372.
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 35
1873, chap. 538. New York police courts. Coulter v.
Murray (1873) 4 Daly, 506; People v. Morgan
(1874) 5 Daly, 161, affirmed in (1874) 58 N. Y.
679; People ex rel. Coyle v. Sherwood (1874) 4
Thomp. & C. 34, I Hun, 272; Wenzler v. People
(1874) 58N. Y. 516.
1873, chap. 549. Excise, cancelation of license. People
ex rel. Presmeyer v. Police & Excise Comrs.
(i874)59N.Y.92.
1873, chap. 592. See 1868, chap. 631.
1873, chap. 643; 1873, chap. 760. Relevying taxes.
State V. Kings County (1891) 125 N. Y. 312, 26
N. E. 272.
1873, chap. 646. Civil damage act. Baker v. Pope
(1874) 5 Thomp. & C. 102, 2 Hun, 556; Frank-
lin V. Schermerhorn (1876) 8 Hun, 112; Bertholf
V. O'Reilly (1878) 74 N. Y. 509, 30 Am. Rep.
323-
1873, chap. 647. See 1873, chap. 199.
1873, chap. 712. Expenses of defendant's counsel in
criminal action. People ex rel. Saunders v. Erie
(1875) I Sheldon, 517.
1873, chap. 737, amended 1876, chap. 415. Water com-
panies. Stamford Water Co. v. Stanley (1886)
39 Hun, 424; Re New Rochelle Water Co. ( 1887)
46 Hun, 525; Pocantico Waterworks Co. v. Bird
(1891) 130 N. Y. 249, 29 N. E. 246; Re Long
Island Water Supply Co. (1893) 30 Abb. N. C.
36, 24 N. Y. Supp. 807.
1873, chap. 757, § 4, amending 1873, chap. 335, § 4.
New York aldermen. People ex rel. Demarest v.
Farley (1884) i How. Pr. N. S. 71.
1873, chap. 757, § 20. See 1873, chap. 335, § 112.
1873, chap. 760. See 1873, chap. 643.
36 Constitutional History of New York.
1873, chap. 779. New York taxes, assessments. Towns-
end V. New York (1878) 16 Hun, 362, afRnned in
(1879) 77 N.Y. 542.
1874, chap. 180. Repealing appropriation act. People
ex rel. Canajoharie Nat. Bank v. Montgomery
County (1876) 67 N. Y. 109, 23 Am. Rep. 94.
1874, chap. 209. Penitentiaries. Brown v. People
(1878) 75 N. Y. 437-
1874, chap. 287. Long Island City, street opening.
Long Island R. Co. v. Bennett ( 1877) 10 Hun, 91.
1874, chap. 296. New York & Oswego Midland R. R.
Co. Hewitt V. New York & 0. Midland R. Co.
(1875) 12 Blatchf. 452, Fed. Cas. No. 6,443.
1874, chap. 322. Limiting appeals to court of appeals.
ButterHeld v. Rudde (1874) 58 N. Y. 489.
1874, chap. 323. Elmira reformatory. Lord v. Thomas
(1876) 64 N.Y. 107.
1874, chap. 329. New York, ratifying election in an-
nexed territory. People v. Flanagan (1876) 66
N. Y. 237.
1874, chap. 430. See 1889, chap. 236.
1874, chap. 448. Park Avenue R. R. Co., Brooklyn. Re
Prospect Park & C. L R. Co. (1876) 67 N. Y.
372-
1874, chap. 478. New York, Eighth avenue extension.
Potter V. Collis (1897) 19 App. Div. 392, 46 N.
Y. Supp. 471, affirmed on other grounds in ( 1898)
156 N. Y. 16. so N. E. 413.
1874, chap. 547, § 8. New York fire examiners. Fire
Department v. Atlas S. S. Co. (1887) 106 N. Y.
566. 13 N. E. 329.
1874, chap. 588. Brooklyn street improvements. Re
Sackett D. S" DeG. Streets ( 1878) 74 N. Y. 95.
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 37
1874, chap. 604. New York improvements. Re 138th
Street (1880) 60 How. Pr. 290, appeal dismissed
in (1881) 61 How. Pr. 284; Re Public Parks
(1881) 86 N. Y. 437.
1874, chap. 628. Amending general village law.
Blauvelt v. Nyack (1876) 9 Hun, 153.
1874, chap. 638. Greenwood town bonds. Rogers v.
Smith (1875) 5 Hun, 475; Rogers v. Stephens
(1881) 86N. Y. 623.
1874, chap. 648. Boston & Albany R. R. bridge. Peo-
ple ex rel. Kimball v. Boston & A. R. Co. (1877)
70 N. Y. 569.
1875, chap. 2. Legalizing acts of Bufifalo common
council. TifFt v. Buifalo ( 1880) 82 N. Y. 204.
1875, chap. 39. Rochester water supply. Re Rochester
Water Comrs. (1876) 2 N. Y. Week. Dig. 416.
1875, chap. 49. Actions against municipal corporation.
People V. Tweed (1875) 63 N. Y. 202, appeal dis-
missed in (1877) II Hun, 195.
1875, chap. 60. Reciprocity in foreign insurance taxes.
Fire Asso. v. New York (1886) 119 U. S. no, 30
L. ed. 342, 7 Sup. Ct. Rep. 108, affirming (1883)
92 N. Y. 311, 44 Am. Rep. 380. See 1865, chap.
694.
1875, chap. 79. Religious corporations, trustees. First
Reformed Presby. Church v. Bowden (1883) 14
Abb. N. C. 356, 16 N. Y. Week. Dig. 387.
1875, chap. 91. Canal investigating commission. Peo-
ple v. Learned (1875) S Hun, 626.
187s, chap. 166. Justices of peace, vacancies. Re El-
liott (1886) 6 N. Y. S. R. 8.
187s, chap. 181. Village waterworks. Skaneateles Water-
works Co. V. Skaneateles (1899) 161 N. Y. 154,
46 L. R. A. 687, 55 N. E. 562.
jg Constitutional History of New York.
1875, chap. 223, § 59. Military code, tax exemption re-
pealed. People ex rel. Sears v. Board of Assessors
(1881) 84N. Y. 610.
1875, chap. 249. New York bulkheads. People v.
Baltimore & O. R. Co. (1889) 117 N. Y. 150, 22
N. E. 1026.
1875, chap. 300. New York and Brooklyn bridge.
People ex rel. Murphy v. Kelly (1879) 76 N. Y.
475-
1875, chap. 369. Buffalo reassessments for local im-
provements. Wells V. Buffalo (1878) 14 Hun,
438, affirmed in ( 1880) 80 N. Y. 253.
1875, chap. 389. See 1873, chap. 199.
1875, chap. .479. New York marine court. Feerick v
Conner (1880) 11 N. Y. Week. Dig. 342.
1875, chap. 482, amended, 1880, chap. 365; 1881, chap.
554; 1885, chap. 451. Supervisors, general pow-
ers. Phillips V. Schumacher (1877) ^o Hun, 405;
Re Church (1883) 92 N. Y. i ; Hubbard v. Sadler
(1887) 104 N. Y. 223, 10 N. E. 426; Kirkwood
V. Newbury (1890) 122 N. Y. 571, 26 N. E. 10.
1875, chap. 545. Amending statute of uses and trusts.
Mills V. Husson (1893) 14° N. Y. 99, 35 N. E.
422.
1875, chap. 595. New York Elevated R. R. Co. Re
New York Elev. R. Co. (1877) 70 N. Y. 327.
1875, chap. 600. Buffalo street railroad fares. Buffalo
East Side R. Co. v. Buffalo Street R. Co. (1888)
III N. Y. 132, 2 L. R. A. 384, 19 N. E. 63.
1875, chap. 604, amended 1884, chap. 414. New York
harbor, sanitary regulation. New York v. Fur-
gueson (1881) 23 Hun, 594; Ferguson v. Ross
(1891) 126 N. Y. 459, 27 N. E. 954.
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 39
1875, chap. 60s, amended 1879, chap. 213. Monroe and
Seneca county treasurers. Seneca County v. Allen
(1885) 99 N. Y. 532, 2 N. E. 459-
1875, chap. 606. Rapid transit. Re New York Elev.
R. Co. (1877) 70 N. Y. 327; Gilbert Elev. R. Co.
V. Kobbe (1877) 70 N. Y. 361; Spader v. New
York Elev. R. Co. (1877) 3 Abb. N. C. 467; Re
Union Elev. R. Co. (1889) 112 N. Y. 61, 2 L. R.
A. 359, 19 N. E. 664.
1875, chap. 633, § 13. Brooklyn, reducing assessments.
Re Mead (1878) 74 N. Y. 216.
1876, chap. 122. Wrongs to children. Re Donahue
(1876) 52 How. Pr. 251.
1876, chap. 135, amended 1879, chap. 253. Plank roads,
extension of charter. People ex rel. Clauson v.
Newburgh & S. PL Road Co. (1881) 86 N. Y. i.
1876, chap. 147, amended 1879, chap. 345 ; 1880, chap.
65; 1881, chap. 61; 1882, chap. 387; 1882, chap.
410; 1883, chap. 214. Harlem improvement. Re
United States (1884) 96 N. Y. 227.
1876, chap. 187. Brooklyn, Atlantic ave., motive pow-
er. People V. Long Island R. Co. ( 1880) 60 How.
Pr. 395 ; People v. Brooklyn, F. & C. I. R. Co.
(1882) 89 N. Y. 75; Re Long Island R. Co.
(1892) so N. Y. S. R. 257, 21 N. Y. Supp. 489.
affirmed in (1894) 143 N. Y. 67, 37 N. E. 636.
1876, chap. 193. Supply bill, legislative clerk. People
ex rel. Kene v. Olcott (1877) 11 Hun, 610.
1876, chap. 196. Rochester, justices of the peace. Peo-
ple ex rel. White v. Rochester (1877) ^^ Hun, 241.
1876, chap. 413. New York marine court. McDonald
V. New York (1884) 19 N. Y. Week. Dig. 513.
1876, chap. 415. See 1873, chap. 737.
40 Constitutional History of New York.
1876, chap. 435. Plank roads, tolls. Hathaway v. Tut-
'tle (1881) 12 N. Y. Week. Dig. 240.
1876, chap. 439. Judicial sales in Kings county. Ker-
rigan V. Force (1877) 68 N. Y. 381.
1876, chap. 445. Western avenue, Albany. People ex
rel. Washington Park v. Banks ( 1876) 67 N. Y.
568; Hurlburtw. Banks (1876) 52 How. Pr. 196.
1876, chap. 448, § 263, subsec. 2. Code of remedial jus-
tice, superior court, jurisdiction. Gemp v. Pratt
(1877) 7 Daly, 197.
1877, chap. 64. See 1866, chap. 633.
1877, chap. 65. Patent-right note. Herdic v. Roessler
(1888) 109 N. Y. 127, 16 N. E. 198.
1877, chap. 165. New York and Brooklyn bridge,
changing Frankfort street. Re New York & B.
Bridge (1878) 72 N. Y. 527.
1877, chap. 169, § 4, amending 1872, chap. 687, § I.
Kings County Inebriates' Home. White v. Inebri-
ates' Home ( 1894) 141 N. Y. 123, 35 N. E. 1092.
1877, chap. 387, § 48. Kingston recorder. People ex
rel. Staudacher v. Webh (1878) 16 Hun, 42.
1877, chap. 459, amended 1879, chap. 467, § 7. Brook-
lyn patrolmen. Shanley v. Brooklyn (1883) 30
Hun, 396; Mangam v. Brooklyn (1885) 98 N. Y.
585, 50 Am. Rep. 705 (officer, reducing salary).
1877, chap. 466, § 29. See 1884, chap. 328.
1878, chap. 65. Tax sales in certain coimties. Oswego
County V. Betts (1889) 25 N. Y. S. R. 660, 6 N.
Y. Supp. 934.
1878, chap. 186. See 1893, chap. 416.
1878, chap. 190. Staten Island, seaside boulevard.
Hodges V. Perine (1881) 24 Hun, 516.
1878, chap. 317. Municipal bonds. Hills v. Peekskill
Sav. Bank (1886) loi N. Y. 490, 5 N. E. 327.
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 41
1878, chap. 391. Binghamton, acquiring canal lands.
Eldridge v. Binghamton (1886) 42 Hun, 202, af-
firmed in (1890) 120 N. Y. 309, 24 N. E. 462.
1878, chap. 400, amending 1873, chap. 335, § 4. New
York, election of aldermen. People ex rel. Anger-
stein V. Kennedy (1884) 96 N. Y. 294.
1878, chap. 410, amended 1880, chap. 318; 1881, chap.
326. Long Island City, Flushing avenue. Re
Woolsey (1884) 95 N. Y. 135.
1879, chap. 53. See 1881, chap. 182.
1879, chap. 85. See 1866, chap. 347.
1879, chap. 89. New York, volunteer fire department,
insurance premiums. Exempt Firemen's Benev.
Fund V. Roome (1883) 93 N. Y. 313, 45 Am. Rep.
217.
1879, chap. 153. Bonds by agents of foreign fire insur-
ance companies. Fire Department v. Ogden
(1879) 59 How. Pr. 21.
1879, chap. 213. See 1875, chap. 605.
1879, chap. 229. See 1882, chap. 287.
1879, chap. 253. See 1876, chap. 135.
1879, chap. 345. See 1876, chap. 147.
1879, chap. 382; 1881, chap. 402; 1883, chap. 516. Col-
lection of taxes. People v. Ulster County (1885)
36 Hun, 491.
1879, chap. 390. Special sessions, jurisdiction extend-
ed. Devine v. People (1880) 20 Hun, 98; People
ex rel. Comaford v. Butcher (1880) 83 N. Y. 240.
1879, chap. 467, § 7. See 1877, chap. 4S9.
1879, chap. 538. Reducing rate of interest. Morley v.
Lake Shore & M. S. R. Co. (1892) 146 U. S. 162,
36 L. ed. 925, 13 Sup. Ct. Rep. 54, affirming
(1884) 95 N. Y. 428, 667.
1880, chap. 14. Rochester assessments. Re Hand Street
(1889) 55 Hun, 132, 8 N. Y. Supp. 610.
42 Constitutional History of New York.
1880, chap. 14. Rochester drainage. Rochester v. Simp-
son (1892) 134 N. Y. 414, 31 N. E. 871.
1880, chap. 14. Rochester, discontinuance of improve
ment proceedings. Schneider v. Rochester (1895)
90 Hun, 171, 35 N. Y. Supp. 786.
1880, chap. 14, § 40, subsec. 21. See 1894, chap. 28, § 9.
1880, chap. 19. See 1867, chap. 479.
1880, chap. 36. See 1888, chap. 555.
1880, chap. 65. See 1876, chap. 147.
1880, chap. 85. Water companies. Syracuse Water
Co. V. Syracuse (1889) 116 N. Y. 167, 5 L. R. A.
546, 22 N. E. 381.
1880, chap. 147. Rochester grade crossings. Wilson
V. New York C. & H. R. R. Co. (1886) 2 N. Y.
Supp. 65.
1880, chap. 191. New York markets. Re Cooper
(1883) 28 Hun, 515, appeal dismissed in (1883)
93 N. Y. 507.
1880, chap. 284. Brooklyn commissioner of charities.
Re Carboy (1882) 27 Hun, 82, 11 N. Y. Supp.
491.
1880, chap. 318. See 1878, chap. 410.
1880, chap. 344. Buffalo municipal court. Bergman v.
Wolif (1890) 33 N. Y. S. R. 499, II N. Y. Supp.
591-
1880, chap. 365. See 1875, chap. 482.
1880, chap. 377. Brooklyn fire department. People ex
rel. McLaughlin v. Partridge (1884) 13 Abb. N.
C. 410.
1880, chap. 456, § 29. Cohoes, recorder's jurisdiction.
Re Bayard (1881) 25 Hun, 546.
1880, chap. 521. New York, salaries of police clerk.
Cregier v. New York (1882) 11 Daly, 171.
1880, chap. 528. Brooklyn, election officers. Brooklyn
V. Scholes (1883) 31 Hun, no.
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 43
1880, chap. 542, amended 1881, chap. 361 ; 1882, chap.
151; 1885, chap. 501. Corporation tax. People
V. National F. Ins. Co. (1882) 27 Hun, 188; Peo-
ple V. Home Ins. Co. (1883) 92 N. Y. 328, affirmed
in (1886) 119 U. S. 129, 30 L. ed. 350, 8 Sup. Ct.
Rep. 1385; People V. New York Floating Dry
Dock Co. (1883) 92 N. Y. 487; People v. Equi-
table Trust Co. (1884) 96 N. Y. 387; People v.
Horn Silver Min. Co. (1887) 105 N. Y. 76, 11
N. E. 155, affirmed in (1891) 143 U. S. 305, 36 L.
ed. 164, 4 Inters. Com. Rep. 57, 12 Sup. Ct. Rep.
403 ; People ex rel. Piatt v. Wemple ( 1889) 1 17 N.
Y. 136, 6 L. R. A. 303, 2 Inters. Com. Rep. 735, 22
N. E. 1046; People ex rel. Southern Cotton Oil
Co. V. Wemple (1892) 131 N. Y. 64, 27 Am. St.
Rep. 542, 29 N. E. 1002 ; People ex rel. Dunkirk
A. Valley & P. R. Co. v. Campbell ( 1893) 74 Hun,
210, 26 N. Y. Supp. 832. See 1889, chap. 193,
383.
1880, chap. 591. See 1883, chap. 317, § 2.
1881, chap. 13, § 8. Railroad aid, relief of certain towns.
Harris v. Niagara County (1884) 33 Hun, 279.
1881, chap. 61. See 1876, chap. 147.
1 88 1, chap. 76, § 4. Amendment Troy police act. Peo-
ple ex rel. Woods v. Crissey (1883) 91 N. Y. 616.
1881, chap. 87. Port wardens. Curtin v. People (1882)
26 Hun, 564, affirmed in (1882) 89 N. Y. 621.
i88i, chap. 182, amending 1879, chap. 53, § 62. Auburn,
justices of the peace. Desmond v. Crane (1889)
39 App. Div. 190, 57 N. Y. Supp. 266. Also Arm^
strong V. Kennedy (1898) 23 Misc. 47, 51 N. Y.
Supp. 509.
44 Constitutional History of New York.
1881, chap. 183. Cohoes, defective sidewalks. McNally
V. Cohoes (1889) S3 Hun, 202, 6 N. Y. Supp. 842,
affirmed in (1891) 127 N. Y. 350, 27 N. E. 1043.
1 88 1, chap. 187. See 1887, chap. 17.
1881, chap. 321. Water companies. Re. New Rochelle
Water Co. (1887) 46 Hun, 525.
1881, chap. 326. See 1878, chap. 410.
1881, chap. 361, amending 1880, chap. 542. Corpora-
tion tax. People v. Gold & S. Teleg. Co. (1885)
98 N. Y. 67. See 1880, chap. 542; 1889, chaps.
193, 383-
1881, chap. 402. See 1879, chap. 382.
1 88 1, chap. 457. Brooklyn poHce, certiorari. People ex
rel. Dunnigan v. Police Department (1888) 47
Hun, 407, affirmed in (1888) no N, Y. 681, 18
N. E. 483.
1881, chap. 457. Brooklyn, liability of officers. Bieling
V. Brooklyn ( 1890) 120 N. Y. 98, 24 N. E. 389.
1 88 1, chap. 469. New York, Lexington ave. Re Lex-
ington Ave. (1883) 29 Hun, 303, affirmed in
(1883) 92 N. Y. 629.
1881, chap. 532. Albany jurors. People v. Petrea
(1883) 92 N. Y. i2d,; Peoples. Fitzpatrick (1883)
30 Hun, 493.
1881, chap. 551, § 2. Business corporations. People ex
rel. Clauson v. Newburgh & S. PI. Road Co
(1881) 86N. Y. I.
1881, chap. 554. Supervisors, streets outside cities. Re
Church (1883) 92 N. Y. i. See 1875, chap. 482.
1881, chap. 559. Syracuse police commissioners. Peo-
ple ex rel. Gere v. Whitlock (1883) 92 N. Y. 191.
1881, chap. 687, § 2. New York fire department. Fire
Department v. Sturtevant (1884) 33 Hun, 407.
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 45
1 88 1, chap. 689. Kings county, cancelation of assess-
ments. Lang V. Kiendl (1882) 27 Hun, 66 ; Spen-
cer V. Merchant, {1887) 125 U. S. 345, 31 L. ed.
763, 8 Sup. Ct. Rep. 921, affirming (1885) 100 N.
Y. 58s, 3 N. E. 682.
1881, chap. 700. Highways, liability of towns. Bid-
well V. Murray (1886) 40 Hun, 190; Taylor v.
Constable (1891) 57 Hun, 371, 40 N. Y. S. R. 60,
10 N. Y. Supp. 607, affirmed in (1892) 131 N. Y.
597, 30 N. E. 63.
1882, chap. 151. See 1880, chap. 542.
1882, chap. 259. New York, Union Ferry Co. Re
Union Ferry Co. (1885) 98 N. Y. 139.
1882, chap. 287, amending 1879, chap. 229. Chautau-
qua and Cattaraugus tax law. Chamberlain v.
Taylor (1885) 36 Hun, 24; Ensign v. Barse
(1887) 107 N. Y. 329, 14 N. E. 400, 15 N. E. 401.
1882, chap. 294. Schenectady, defective sidewalks. Van
Vrankenv. Schenectady (1884) 31 Hun, 516.
1882, chap. 322, § 15. Tax sales in certain counties.
Oswego V. Betts ( 1889) 25 N. Y. S. R. 660, 6 N.
Y. Supp. 934.
1882, chap. 344. Poughkeepsie, fees on tax sales. Peo-
ple ex rel. Gass v. Lee (1882) 28 Hun, 469.
1882, chap. 359. Waterloo charter. Reed v. Schtnit
(1886) 39 Hun, 223.
1882, chap. 360. See Code Crim. Proc. § 23.
1882, chap. 363. Brooklyn, legalizing irregular tax pro-
ceedings. Terrel v. Wheeler (1890) 123 N. Y.
76, 25 N. E. 329.
1882, chap. 387. See 1876, chap. 147.
1882, chap. 410. See 1876, chap. 147.
1882, chap. 410, § 86. New York ordinances. Jorgen-
sen V. Squires ( 1895) 144 N. Y. 280, 39 N. E. 373,
46 Constitutional History of New York:
1882, chap. 410, § 523. New York fire department. Fire
Department v. Stanton (1899) 159 N. Y. 225, 54
N. E. 28.
1882, chap. 410, § 599. Qucere, New York board of
health. Sbarboro v. Health Department (1898)
26 App. Div. 177, 49 N. Y. Supp. 1033.
1882, chap. 410, § 663. See 1887, chap. 84.
1882, chap. 410, § 715. New York piers. Re New
York (1892) 135 N. Y. 253, 31 Am. St. Rep. 825,
31 N. E. 1043.
1882, chap. 410, § 1 103. New York, action against city.
Getman v. New York (1892) 66 Hun, 236, 21 N.
Y. Supp. 116.
1882, chap. 410, § 1 109. See 1893, chap. 104.
1882, chap. 410, § 1 1 16. New York, supreme court crier.
Ricketts V. New York (1884) 12 Daly, 504,
67 How. Pr. 320.
1882, chap. 410, § 1843. New York elections. Re Thir-
ty-second Election District (1888) 18 N. Y. S. R.
785, 3 N. Y. Supp. 107.
1882, chap. 410, § 2143. New York, penal code applied.
People V. O'Neil (1888) 109 N. Y. 251, 16 N. E.
68.
1883, chap. 21. New York & Oswego Midland R. R. Co.
Wilcox V. Baker (1897) 22 App. Div. 299, 47 N.
Y. Supp. 900.
1883, chap. 114. Brooklyn tax deeds. Kelly v. Wheel-
er (1888) 21 N. Y. S. R. 311, 3 N. Y. Supp. 289;
White V. Wheeler (1889) 51 Hun, 573, 4 N. Y.
Supp. 405; Terrel v. Wheeler (1890) 123 N. Y.
76, 25 N. E. 329, affirming (1888) 49 Hun, 262,
2 N. Y. Supp. 86, citing 1885, chap. 163, amending
above act; Lamb v. Connolly (1890) 122 N. Y.
531, 25 N. E. 1042; Wallerstein v. Bohanna
(1890) 125 N. Y. 696, 26 N. E. 141; Fithian v.
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 47
Wheeler (1890) 125 N. Y. 696, 26 N. E. 141;
Litchfield v. Brooklyn (1895) 13 Misc. 693, 34
N. Y. Supp. 1090.
1883) chap. 214. See 1876, chap. 147.
1883, chap. 298. Albany assessments. Re Delaware &
H. Canal Co. (1891) 60 Hun, 204, 14 N. Y. Supp.
585, affirmed in (1891) 129 N. Y. 105, 29 N. E.
237-
1883, chap. 299, § 7. Military code, disbandment. Peo-
ple ex rel. Leo v. Hill (1891) 126 N. Y. 497, 27
isr. E. 789.
1.883, chap. 309. Steuben county, separate surrogate.
Mclntyre v. Allen (1887) 43 Hun, 124.
1883, chap. 317, § 2, amending 1880, chap. 591. Game
and fish protectors. Lawton v. Steele (1894) 152
U. S. 133, 38 L. ed. 385, 14 Sup. Ct. Rep. 499,
affirming (1890) 119 N. Y. 226, 7 L. R. A. 134,
16 Am. St. Rep. 813, 23 N. E. 878.
1883, chap. 336, § 9. Niagara reservation. Re State
Reservation (1885) 37 Hun, 537, appeal dismissed
in (1886) 102 N. Y. 734, 7 N. E. 916.
1883, chap. 345. Albany, validating assessments. Wil-
liams V. Albany County (1886) 122 U. S. 154, 30
L. ed. 1088, 7 Sup. Ct. Rep. 1244.
1883, chap. 354, § I, amended 1884, chap. 410. Civil
service act. ' Rogers v. Buffalo (1890) 123 N. Y.
173, 9 L. R. A. 579, 25 N. E. 274; Chittenden v.
Wurster (1897) 152 N. Y. 345, 37 L. R. A. 809,
46 N. E. 857.
1883, chap. 412, amending 1869, chap. 277. New York,
Fulton Market Fishmongers' Association. New
York V. Fulton Market Fishmonger^ Asso. ( 1886)
3 How. Pr. N. S. 491.
1883, chap. 465. Village, licensing peddlers. Stamford
V. Fisher (1893) 140 N. Y. 187, 35 N. E. 500.
48 Constitutional History of New York.
1883, chap. 490. New York, Croton dam. New York
V. Wright (1890) 34 N. Y. S. R. 904; 12 N. Y.
Supp. 20; Re Gilroy (1898) 32 App. Div. 216, 52
N. Y. Supp. 990.
1883, chap. 516. See 1879, chap. 382.
1884, chap. 153, § 17, amended 1885, chap. 215; 1886,
chap. 102. Lewis county taxes. Prentice v. Wes-
ton (1888) III N. Y. 460, 18 N. E. 720.
1884, chap. 187, amended 1884, chap. 546. Schenectady
depot. Weinckie v. New York C. & H. R. R. Co.
(1891) 39 N. Y. S. R. 584, 15 N. Y. Supp. 689,
affirmed in (1892) 133 N. Y. 656, 31 N. E. 625.
1884, chap. 202, § 6. Imitation butter. People v.
McGann (1884) 34 Hun, 358.
1884, chap. 202, § 13. Adulterated milk. People v.
Cipperly (1886) loi N. Y. 634, 4 N. E. 107, re-
versing (1885) 37 Hun, 319.
1884, chap. 252, § 14. Street railroads. Re Thirty-
fourth Street R. Co. (1886) 102 N. Y. 343, 7 N.
E. 172.
1884, chap. 252, § 18. New York Cable Co. Re New
York Cable R. Co. (1886) 40 Hun, i.
1884, chap. 328, amending 1877, chap. 466, § 29. As-
signments for creditors, preferences. Richardson
V. Thurber (1887) io4 N. Y. 606, 11 N. E. 133.
1884, chap. 410. See 1883, chap. 354.
1884, chap. 414. See 1875, chap. 604.
1884, chap. 439, § 3. Railroads, gates at street crossings.
People V. Long Island R. Co. (1892) 134 N. Y.
506, 31 N. E. 873.
1884, chap. 516. New York commissioners of accounts.
Re McAdam (1889) 27 N. Y. S. R. 352, 7 N.
Y. Supp. 454.
ConsHtutionai Statutes — Chronological. 49
1884, chap. 522. New York, park in Westchester coun-
ty. Re New York (1885) 99 N. Y. 569, 2 N.
E. 642.
1884, chap. 534; 1885, chap. 499; 1886, chap. 503; 1887,
chap. 716. Electrical subways. Western U. Teleg.
Co. V. New York (1889) 3 L. R. A. 449, 2 Inters.
Com. Rep. 533, 38 Fed. 552; New York ex rel.
New York Electric Lines Co. v. Squire (1891)
145 U. S. 17s, 36 L. ed. 666, 12 Sup. Ct. Rep. 880,
affirming (1888) 107 N. Y. 593, i Am. St. Rep.
893, 14 N. E. 820 ; American Rapid Teleg. Co. v.
Hess (1891) 125 N. Y. 641, 13 L. R. A. 454, 21
Am. St. Rep. 764, 26 N. E. 919.
1884, chap. 546. See 1884, chap. 187.
1884, chap. 588. Brooklyn Elevated Road. Harper v.
Brooklyn Elev. R. Co. N. Y. Daily Reg., September
9, 1885.
1885, chap. 17. Clinton water supply. Water Comrs.
V. Dimght (1885) loi N. Y. 9, 3 N. E. 782.
1885, chap. 26, amended 1888, chap. 449. Syracuse,
street opening. Re Oneida Street (1899) 37 App.
Div. 266, 55 N. Y. Supp. 959.
1885, chap. 131. Amsterdam charter. Re Amsterdam
(1891) 126 N. Y. 158, 27 N. E. 272.
1885, chap. 183. Dairy products. People v. Arensberg
(1887) IDS N. Y. 123, 59 Am. Rep. 483, 11 N. E.
277; People V. Waterbury (1887) 44 Hun, 493,
9 N. Y. S. R. 5 ; People v. West ( 1887) 106 N. Y.
293, 60 Am. Rep. 452, 12 N. E. 610; People v.
Kibler (1887) 106 N. Y. 321, 12 N. E. 795; P^o-
ple V. Hill (1887) 44 Hun, 472; Waterbury v.
Egan (1893) 3 Misc. 355, 23 N. Y. Supp. 115.
1885, chap. 215. See 1884, chap. 153, § 17.
Vol. V. Const. Hist.— 4.
50 Constitutional History of New York.
1885, chap. 238. Board of claims. Cole v. State
(1886) 102 N. Y. 48, 6 N. E. 277.
1885, chap. 270, § 3, subsec. 4. Nuisance. People ex rel.
New York C. & H. R. R. Co. v. Board of Health
(1890) 58 Hun, 595, 12 N. Y. Supp. 561.
1885, chap. 311. New York, review of assessments.
People ex rel. Second Ave. R. Co. v. Coleman
(1889) 21 N. Y. S. R. 178, 4 N. Y. Supp. 417.
T885, chap. 342. Mechanics' liens. Riggs v. Shannon
(1891) 27 Abb. N. C. 456, 44 N. Y. S. R. 365, 16
N. Y. Supp. 939; Boyd v. Stewart (1893) 30 Abb.
N. C. 127, 24 N. Y. Supp. 830; Schillinger Fire-
proof Cement & Asphalt Co. v. Arnott ( 1897) 152
N. Y. 584, 46 N. E. 956.
1885, chap. 359. See 1889, chaps. 193 and 383.
1885, chap. 405, § 15. Brooklyn, leases on tax sales.
Wheeler v. Jackson (1890) 137 U. S. 245, 34 L.
ed. 659, II Sup. Ct. Rep. ^d, affirming (1887) 105
N. Y. 681.
1885, chap. 428. Claims against state, Chemung and
Cayuga counties. Cayuga County v. State (1897)
153 N. Y. 279, 47 N. E. 288.
1885, chap. 448, amending 1855, chap. 427, § 65. Tax
sales. Peoples. Turner (1889) 117 N. Y. 227, 15
Am. St. Rep. 498, 22 N. E. 1022; Ostrander v.
Darling (1891) 127 N. Y. 70, 27 N. E. 353; Turn-
er V. Nezv York (1897) 168 U. S. 90, 42 L. ed.
392, 18 Sup. Ct. Rep. 38, affirming (1895) 145
N. Y. 451, 40 N. E. 400. Also Saranac Land &
Timber Co. v. Roberts (1899) 177 U. S. 318, 44
L. ed. 786, 20 Sup. Ct. Rep. 642.
1885, chap. 451. See 1875, chap. 482.
1885, chap. 454. New York tenement houses. People
ex rel. Kemp v. D'Oench (1888) 11 1 N. Y. 359
18 N. E. 862.
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 5^
1885, chap. 483. Transfer tax. Re McPherson (1887)
104 N. Y. 306, 58 Am. Rep. 502, 10 N. E. 685.
1885, chap. 483, § I, amended by 1887, chap. 713. Col-
lateral inheritance tax. Re Sherwell (1891) 125
N. Y. 376, 26 N. E. 464.
1885, chap. 486. Police relief fund. People ex rel.
Murray v. McClave (1886) 39 Hun, 511, affirmed
in ( 1886) 102 N. Y. 468, 7 N. E. 406.
1885, chap. 499; 1886, chap. 503. Electrical subways.
New York ex rel. New York Electric Lines Co. v.
Squire (1891) 145 U. S. 175, 36 L. ed. 666, 12
Sup. Ct. Rep. 880, affirming (1888) 107 N. Y.
593, I Am. St. Rep. 893, 14 N. E. 820. See 1884,
chap. 534.
1885, chap. 501. See 1880, chap. 542.
1886, chap. 21. Prisons, commutation for good behavior.
People ex rel. Willis v. Sage (1896) 11 App. Div.
4, 42 N. Y. Supp. 251.
1886, chap. 102. See 1884, chap. 153, § 17.
1886, chap. 120, § 76. Lockport, justices of the peace.
Gould V. Mahaney (1899) 39 App. Div. 426, 57
N. Y. Supp. 363.
1886, chap. 120, § 207. Lockport, bonds on improve-
ment contracts. Wilson v. Whitmore, (1895) 92
Hun, 466, 36 N. Y. Supp. 550.
1886, chap. 141. Eishing in Jefferson county waters.
People V. Doxtater (1894) 75 Hun, 472, 27 N.
Y. Supp. 481.
1886, chap. 143. Corporations, organization tax. New
York ex rel. Schurs v. Cook ( 1892) 148 U. S. 397,
37 L. ed. 498, 13 Sup. Ct. Rep. 645, affirming
(1888) no N. Y. 443, 18 N. E. 113.
1886, chap. 163. Consolidating Auburn railways. Sand-
' ham V. Nye (1894) 9 Misc. 541, 30 N. Y. Supp.
552.
52 Constitutional History of New York.
1886, chap. 224, § I. Cohoes, taxing manufacturing
corporations. People ex rel. Parsons Mfg. Co. v.
Moore (1887) 11 N. Y. S. R. 859.
1886, chap. 268; 1886, chap. 310. Dissolution of Broad-
way Surface R. R. Co. People v. O'Brien (1888)
III N. Y. I, 2 L. R. A. 255, 7 Am. St. Rep. 684,
18 N. E. 692.
1886, chap. 310. See 1886, chap. 268.
1886, chap. 333. Boards of trade. Reynolds v. Plumb-
ers' Material Protective Asso. ( 1900) 30 Misc. 709,
63 N. Y. Supp. 303.
1886, chap. 335, § 5. Brooklyn annexation act. Re
Brooklyn (1894) 143 N. Y. 596, 26 L. R. A. 270,
38 N. E. 983.
1886, chap. 335, § 7. New Lots, justices of the peace.
Gertum v. Kings County (1888) 109 N. Y. 170,
16 N. E. 328.
1886, chap. 472. Quarantine, claim against state. O'Hara
V. State (1889) 112 N. Y. 146, 2 L. R. A, 603, 8
Am. St. Rep. 726, 19 N. E. 659.
1886, chap. 503. See 1884, chap. 534; 1885, chap. 499.
1886, chap. 539. State industrial schools. People ex
rel. Zeese v. Masten (1894) 79 Hun, 580, 29 N.
Y. Supp. 891.
1886, chap. 622. Brooklyn, taxation of charitable in-
stitutions. Dyker Meadow Land & Improv. Co.
V. Cook (1896) 3 App. Div. 164, 38 N. Y. Supp.
222, affirmed in (1899) ^59 N. Y. 6, 53 N. E. 690.
1886, chap. 656. Long Island City taxes. Re Lamb
(1889) 51 Hun, 633, 4 N. Y. Supp. 858, affirmed
in (1890) 121 N. Y. 703, 24 N. E. 1100; Van
D event er v. Long Island City (1893) ^39 N. Y.
133, 34 N. E. 774.
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 53
1886, chap. 656. Long Island City water rents. Peo-
ple ex rel. Flower v. Bleckwenn (1889) 55 Hun,
169, 7 N. Y. Supp. 914, affirmed in (1891) 129
N. Y. 637, 29 N. E. 103 1.
1886, chap. 659. Taxing telegraph, telephone, and elec-
tric light lines. People ex rel. Western U. Teleg.
Co. V. Tierney (1890) 57 Hun, 357, 10 N. Y.
Supp. 940.
1886, chap. 672, amending Code of Civ. Proc. § 572.
Executions. Kelly v. Brownlow (1886) 22 Jones
& S. 129.
1886, chap. 679. Taxing fire and marine insurance com-
panies. Dutchess County Mut. Ins. Co. v. Pough-
keepsie (1889) 51 Hun, 595, 4 N. Y. Supp. 93.
1887, chap. 17, amending 1881, chap. 187. Hudson,
House of Refuge. People ex rel. Duntz v. Coon
(1893) dj Hun, 523, 22 N. Y. Supp. 865.
1887, chap. 84, amending 1882, chap. 410, § 663. New
York consolidation act. Health Department v.
Trinity Church (1895) 145 N. Y. 32, 27 L. R. A.
710, 45 Am. St. Rep. 579, 39 N. E. 833.
1887, chap. 136. Saratoga street improvement. People
ex rel. Gage v. Lohnas (1889) 54 Hun, 604, 8
N. Y. Supp. 104.
1887, chap. 205. Attica bridge, proceedings legalized.
Wrought Iron Bridge Co. v. Attica (1890) 119
N. Y. 204, 23 N. E. 542.
1887, chap. 262. New York park police. People ex rel.
Cline V. Rohb (1891) 126 N. Y. 180, 27 N. E. 267.
1887, chap. 377, amended 1888, chap. 181. Bottling act.
People V. Cannon (1893) 139 N. Y. 32, 36 Am.
St. Rep. 668, 34 N. E. 759.
1887, chap. 401. See 1890, chap. 25.
54 Constitutional History of New York.
1887, chap. 464. Civil service, veterans. Re Wortman
(1888) 22 Abb. N. C. 137, 2 N. Y. Supp. 324; Re
Sullivan, (1890) 55 Hun, 285, 8 N. Y. Supp. 401.
1887, chap. 479. Poolselling. Reilly v. Gray (1894) yy
Hun, 402, 28 N. Y. Supp. 811; Ludington v.
Dudley (1894) 61 N. Y. S. R. 115, 30 N. Y. Supp.
221.
1887, chap. 544, title 5, § i. Mount Vernon police jus-
tice. People ex rel. Lynch v. Du^y (1888) 49
Hun, 276, I N. Y. Supp. 896.
1887, chap. 616. See 1888, chap. 189.
1887, chap. 713, amending 1885, chap. 483. Transfer
tax. Wallace v. Myers (1889) 4 L. R. A. 171,
38 Fed. 184.
1887, chap. 716, § 4. New York, electrical conductors.
United States 'Illuminating Co. v. Grant (1889)
55 Hun, 222, 8 N. Y. Supp. 788. See 1884, chap.
534-
1888, chap. 29. Dunkirk electric lighting system.
Hequembourg v. Dunkirk (1888) 49 Hun, 550,
2 N. Y. Supp. 447.
1888, chap. 89. New York fire department, enabling act.
People ex rel. Kellner v. New York (1893) 3 Misc.
131, 23 N. Y. Supp. 1060.
1888, chap. 181. See 1887, chap. 377.
,1888, chap. 189, amending 1887, chap. 616. Heating
passenger cars. .People v. New York N. H. & H. R.
Co. (1890) 55 Hun, 409, 8 N. Y. Supp. 672, af-
firmed in (1890) 123 N. Y. 63s, 25 N. E. 953;
New York N. H. &■ H. R. Co. v. New York ( 1896)
165 U. S. 628, 41 L. ed. 853, 17 Sup. Ct. Rep. 418,
affirming (1894) 142 N. Y. 646, 37 N. E. 568.
1888, chap. 193, § 29. Rochester parks. Re Rochester
(1893) 137 N. Y. 243, 33 N. E. 320.
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 55
1888, chap. 213. Flushing assessments ratified. People
ex ret. Richmond v. Wilson (1888) 21 N. Y. S. R.
120, 3 N. Y. Supp. 326, affirmed in (1890) 121
N. Y. 684, 24 N. E. 1098.
1888, chap. 325. Seneca river improvements. Waterloo
Woolen Mfg. Co. v. Shanahan (1891) 128 N. Y.
345, 14 L- R- A. 481, 28 N. E. 358.
1888, chap. 449. See 1885, chap. 26.
1888, chap. 489, amending Code of Crim. Proc. Electro-
cution. People ex rel. Kemmler v. Durst on ( 1890)
119 N. Y. 569, 7 L. R. A. 715, 16 Am. St. Rep.
859, 24 N. E. 6, appeal for writ of error denied in
(1890) 136 U. S. 436, 34 L. ed. 519, 10 Sup. Ct.
Rep. 930.
1888, chap. 541. Claim against state. Parmenter v.
State (1892) 135 N. Y. 154, 31 N. E. 1035.
1888, chap. 555, amending 1880, chap. 36 § 2. Evidence,
comparison of handwriting. People v. Molineux
(1901) 168 N. Y. 264, 62 L. R. A. 193, 61 N. E.
286.
1888, chap. 577, § 3. Game and fish protectors. People
V. Rouse (1891) 39 N. Y. S. R. 656, 15 N. Y.
Supp. 414.
1888, chap. 581. Elevator charges. Budd v. New York
(1891) 143 U. S. 517, 36 L. ed. 247, 4 Inters. Com.
Rep. 45, 12 Sup. Ct. Rep. 468; affirming (1889)
117 N. Y. I, 5 L. R. A. 559, 15 Am. St. Rep. 460,
22 N. E. 670, (1889) 117 N. Y. 621, 28 N. E. 682.
1888, chap. 583, title 12, § 2, amended 1891, chap. 245.
Brooklyn charter, hospital for contagious diseases.
Re Chapin (1895) 84 Hun, 490, 32 N. Y. Supp.
361.
1889, chap. 161. Flatbush, sewer system. Van Brunt
V. Flatbush (1891) 128 N. Y. 50, 27 N. E. 973.
S6 Constitutional History of New York.
1889, chaps. 193, 383, amending 1885, chap. 359; 1881,
chap. 361 ; 1880, chap. 5^^2, § 3. Corporation tax.
New York v. Roberts (1898) 171 U. S. 658, 43
L. ed. 323, 19 Sup. Ct. Rep. 58, affirming (1896)
149 N. Y. 608, 44 N. E. 1 127, (1895) 91 Hun,
158, 36 N. Y. Supp. 368.
1889, chap. 236, amending 1874, chap. 430. Railroad
extension. People v. Ulster & D. R. Co. (1890)
58 Hun, 266, 12 N. Y. Supp. 303, affirmed in
(1891) 128 N. Y. 240, 28 N. E. 635.
1889, chap. 282. Foreign life insurance companies,
premium rebates prohibited. People v. Formosa
(1892) 131 N. Y. 478, 27 Am. St. Rep. 612, 30 N.
E. 492.
1889, chap. 291, § 18, amended 1890, chap. 314. Syra-
cuse water department. Sweet v. Syracuse ( 1891)
129 N. Y. 316, 27 N. E. 1081, 29 N. E. 289.
1889, chap. 309, 311, 335. New York taxes. Re Atty.
Gen. (1890) 58 Hun, 218, 12 N. Y. Supp. 754.
1889, chap. 380. Wages on state work. Clark v. State
(1894) 142 N. Y. loi, 36 N. E. 817.
1889, chap. 382, § 30, subsec. 2. Prison law, removals
by warden. People ex rel. Griffin v. Lathrop
(1894) 142 N. Y. 113, 36 N. E. 805.
1889, chap. 383. See 1889, chap. 193.
1889, chap. 385. Union label act. Perkins v. Heert
(1899) 158 N. Y. 306, 43 L. R. A. 858, 70 Am.
St. Rep. 483, 53 N. E. 18.
1889, chap. 440. Limiting actions against villages. Ar-
thur V. Glens Falls (1892) 66 Hun, 136, 21 N. Y.
Supp. 81.
1889, chap. 515, § 4. Vinegar adulteration. People v.
Girard (1895) ^45 N. Y. 105, 45 Am. St. Rep.
595, 39 N. E. 823.
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 57
1889, chap. 531, § 12. Street railroads, motive power.
Re Third Ave. R. Co. (1890) 121 N. Y. 536, 9
L. R. A. 124, 24 N. E. 951.
1890, chap. 25, amending 1887, chap. 401. Milk cans.
Monroe Dairy Asso. v. Stanley (1892) 65 Hun,
163, 20 N. Y. Supp. 19. See doubt expressed in
Bell V. Gaynor (1895) 14 Misc. 334, 36 N. Y.
Supp. 122.
1890, chap. 55. Gloversville charter, special sessions.
People V. Wilber (1891) 39 N. Y. S. R. 743, 15
N. Y. Supp. 435.
1890, chap. 249. New York, Washington bridge. Re
Lorrillard (1891) 36 N. Y. S. R. 231, 13 N. Y.
Supp. 83, affirmed in (1892) 135 N. Y. 285, 31 N.
E. ion.
1890, chap. ,276. Sale of infant's estate. Re Field
(1891) 42 N. Y. S. R. 815, 17 N. Y. Supp. 19,
affirmed in (1892) 131 N. Y. 184, 30 N. E. 48.
1890, chap. 314. See 1889, chap. 291, § 18.
1890, chap. 315. White Plains, changing grade of
streets. Smith v. White Plains (1893) 67 Hun,
81, 22 N. Y. Supp. 450.
1890, chap. 523. New York sherifif. New York v. Gor-
man (1898) 26 App. Div. 191, 49 N. Y. Supp.
1026.
1890, chap. 565, § 62, as amended 1897, chap. 754. Rail-
roads, grade crossings. Re Boston & A. R. Co.
(1901) 64 App. Div. 257, 72 N. Y. Supp. 32, af-
firmed in (1902) 170 N. Y. 019, 63 N. E. 11 15.
1890, chap. 565, § 98. Street railroads, pavement.
Doyle V. New York (1901) 58 App. Div. 588, 69
N. Y. Supp. 120.
1890, chap. 566, § 69. Gaslight companies, meter rents
prohibited. Buffalo v. Buffalo Gas Co. (1903) 8r
App. Div. 505, 80 N. Y. Supp. 1093.
58 Constitutional History of New York.
1890, chap. 568, § 89. Highways, compensation. Re
De Camp (1897) 151 N. Y. 557, 45 N. E. 1039;
People ex rel. Hanford v. Thayer (1895) 88 Hun,
136, 34 N. Y. Supp. 592.
1891, chap. 4, amended 1892, chap. 556; 1894, chaps.
528, 752; 1895, chap. 519. Eapid transit. Re
Rapid Transit R. Conirs. (1892) 65 Hun, 63, 19
N. Y. Supp. 561 ; Sun Printing & Pub. Asso. v.
New York (1897) 152 N. Y. 257, 37 L. R. A. 788,
46 N. E. 499 ; March v. New York (1902) 69 App.
Div. I, 74 N. Y. Supp. 630.
1891, chap. 59. New Utrecht Hghting system. Parfitt
V. Furguson (1899) 159 N. Y. iii, 53 N. E. 707.
1 89 1, chap. 105, § 397. See 1895, chap. 805, § 26.
1891, chap. 105, § 504. Buffalo charter, labor regula-
tions. People V. Warren (1894) yy Hun, 120, 28
N. Y. Supp. 303; People ex rel. Warren v. Beck
(1894) 10 Misc. yj, 30 N. Y. Supp. 473, reversed
without considering constitutionality of statute in
(1894) 144 N. Y. 225, 39 N. E. 80.
1891, chap. 105. See 1895, chap. 805, § 271.
1 89 1, chap. 208. See Code Civ. Proc. § 970.
1891, chap. 245. See 1888, chap. 583.
1892, chap. 54, § 4. Yonkers, supervisors. People ex
rel. Clancy v. Westchester County (1893) 139 N.
Y. 524, 34 N. E. 1 106.
1892, chap. 182, § 181. Mount Vernon sewers. People
ex rel. Winfteld v. Bruning (1895) 89 Hun, 124,
34 N. Y. Supp. 1048.
1892, chap. 202, amending i Rev. Stat. 391, § 9. Tax-
ation, exemption of debts. People ex rel. Bijur v.
Barker (1898) 155 N. Y. 330, 49 N. E. 940.
1892, chap. 339. New York, Park avenue and Harlem
river improvement. Tocci v. New York (1893)
73 Hun, 46, 25 N. Y. Supp. 1089.
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 59
1892, chap. 340. Street railroads, Westchester county.
Bohmer v. Haffen (1900) 161 N. Y. 390, 55 N. E.
1047.
1892, chap. 342. Syracuse municipal court. Cur tin v.
Barton (1893) 139 N. Y. 505, 34 N. E. 1093.
1892, chap. 353. Buffalo grade crossings. Lehigh Val-
ley R. Co. V. Adam (1902) 70 App. Div. 427, 75
N. Y. Supp. 515, reversed on other grounds in
(1903) 176 N. Y. 420, 68 N. E. 665.
1892, chap. 358. Rochester water bonds. Rochester v.
Quintard (1892) 136 N. Y. 221, 32 N. E. 760.
1892, chap. 376. Legalizing Buffalo assessments. Smith
V. Buffalo (1895) 90 Hun, 118, 35 N. Y. Supp.
635-
1892, chap. 397. Apportionment act. People ex rel. Car-
ter V. Rice (1892) 13s N. Y. 473, 16 L. R. A. 836,
31 N. E. 921.
1892, chap. 401. Excise, saving clause. People v.
Maxwell (1894) 83 Hun, 157, 31 N. Y. Supp. 564.
1892, chap. 411. New York and Long Island bridge.
New York & L. I. Bridge Co. v. Smith ( 1896) 148
N. Y. 540, 42 N. E. 1088.
1892, chap. 448, §§ 238, 240. See 1893, chap. 573.
1892, chap. 466, §§ I, 2. Buffalo parks. Cheat e v.
Buffalo (1899) 39 App. Div. 379, 57 N. Y. Supp.
383-
1892, chap. 493. Highways in two or more towns.
Treanor v. Eichhorn (1893) 74 Hun, 58, 26 N. Y.
Supp. 314; Citizens^ Sav. Bank v. Greenburgh
(1903) 173 N. Y. 215, 65 N. E. 978.
1892, chap. 514. See Code Civ. Proc. § 836.
1892, chap. 556. See 1891, chap. 4.
6o Constitutional History of New York.
1892, chap. 602, amended 1893, chap. 66. Registration
of plumbers. People ex rel. Nechamcus v. City
Prison (1895) 144 N. Y. 529, 27 L. R. A. 718,
39 N. E. 686.
1892, chap. 603. Rochester sewer system, including out-
side territory. Swikehard v. Michels (1894) 81
Hun, 325, 29 N. Y. Supp. 777, 30 N. Y. Supp.
II3S-
1892, chap. 646. Rendering works. People v. Rosen-
berg (1893) 67 Hun, 52, 22 N. Y. Supp. 56, re-
versed on other grounds, in (1893) 138 N. Y. 410,
34 N. E. 285.
1892, chap. 662. Amending Penal Code. People v.
Hayes (1894) 140 N. Y. 484, 23 L. R. A. 830, 37
Am. St. Rep. 572, 35 N. E. 951.
1892, chap. 676, § 98. Railroads, pavements. Mechan-
icsville V. Stillwater & M. Street R. Co. (1901)
35 Misc. 513, 71 N. Y. Supp. 1 102.
1892, chap. 689, §§ 14, 33. General banking law, for-
eign building and loan associations. People v.
Granite State Provident Asso. (1900) 161 N. Y.
492, ss N. E. 1053.
1892, chap. 689, § 52. General banking law; liability of
stockholders. Hirshfeld v. Bopp (1895) 145 N.
Y. 84, 39 N. E. 817. See 1897, chap. 441.
1892, chap. 689, §§ 118, 130. General banking law, sav-
ings banks deposits. Elmira Sav. Bank v. Davis
(1894) 142 N. Y. 590, 25 L. R. A. 546, 37 N. E.
646.
1892, chap. 690, § 56. Insurance law, proceedings for
accounting. Swan v. Mutual Reserve Fund Life
Asso. (1898) 155 N. Y. 9, 49 N. E. 258.
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 6i
1892, chap. 690, § 125, amended 1896, chap. 850, In-
surance law, changing domestic mutual fire insur-
ance companies to joint stock corporations. Grebe
V. Erie County Mut. Ins. Co. (1899) 39 App. Div.
183, 57 N. Y. Supp. 290.
1893, chap. 35. Brooklyn supervisors, filling vacancies.
People ex rel. Kehoe v. Fitchie ( 1894) 76 Hun, 80,
28 N. Y. Supp. 600.
1893, chap. 66. See 1892, chap. 602.
1893, chap. 104, amending 1882, chap. 410, § 1109.
New York, expenses of outside judges. People ex
rel. Follett v. Fitch (1895) 145 N. Y. 261, 39 N. E.
972.
1893, chap. 189. New York water supply. Kelley v.
New York (1895) 89 Hun, 246, 35 N. Y. Supp.
1 109.
1893, chap. 231. Binghamton, legalizing certain rail-
road contracts. Weed v. Binghamton (1899) 26
Misc. 208, 56 N. Y. Supp. 105 ; David ge v. Bing-
hamton (1901) 62 App. Div. 525, 71 N. Y. Supp.
282.
1^93, chap. 239. Street railroad crossings. Buffalo B.
& L. R. Co. v. New York L. E. & W. R. Co.
(1893) 72 Hun, 587, 25 N. Y. Supp. 155.
1893, chap. 279. Amending Penal Code, § 12; suspend-
ing sentence. People ex rel. Forsyth v. Court of
Sessions (1894) 141 N. Y. 288, 23 L. R. A. 856,
36 N. E. 386.
1893, chap. 338, amended 1900, chap. loi. Agricultu-
ral law, adulteration of dairy products. People v.
Hills (1901) 64 App. Div. 584, 72 N. Y. Supp,
340.
1893, chap. 338. See 1902, chap. 30.
62 Constitutional History of New York.
1893, chap. 352. Removal of Williamsburgh cemetery.
Went V. Methodist Protestant Church (1894) 80
Hun, 266, 30 N. Y. Supp. 157, affirmed in (1896)
150 N. Y. 577, 44 N. E. 1129.
1893, chap. 410. See 1894, chap. 187.
1893, chap. 416, amending 1878, chap. 186. Yonkers
city court. Dor an v. Bussard ( 1899) 38 App. Div.
30, 55 N. Y. Supp. 987.
1893, chap. 452. Trust estates. Re Heinze (1897) ^o
Misc. 371, 46 N. Y. Supp. 247.
1893, chap. 498. Taxation, exemption of real property
of rehgious, charitable, and educational corpora-
tions and associations. People ex rel. American
Bible Soc. v. New York (1894) 142 N. Y. 348, 37
N. E. 116.
1893, chap. 522. New York soldiers' monument. Par-
sons V. Van Wyck (1900) 56 App. Div. 329, 67 N.
Y. Supp. 1054.
1893, chap. 537. New York, damages on change of street
grade. People ex rel. Purdy v. Fitch (1895) 147
N. Y. 355, 41 N. E. 695.
1893, chap. 559. See 1896, chap. 853, § 179.
1893, chap. 573, amending 1892, chap. 448, §§ 238, 240.
Game law, disposition of fines and penalties. Peo-
ple ex rel. Huntington v. Crennan, (1894) 141 N.
Y. 239, 36 N. E. 187.
1893, chap. 660, amending consol. act, § 992. New York,
opening streets, etc. Re New York (1895) 72 N.
Y. Supp. 378.
1893, chap. 661, § 41. Public health, adulteration.
Grossman v. Lurman (1901) 57 App. Div. 393, 68
N. Y. Supp. 311, affirmed in (1902) 171 N. Y.
329, 98 Am. St. Rep. 599, 63 N. E. 1097, and
(1903) 192 U. S. 189, 48 L. ed. 401, 24 Sup. Ct.
Rep. 234.
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 63
1893, chap. 661, §§ 140, 153. See 1895, chap. 398.
1893, chap. 661, § 200. Public health, vaccination of
school children. Re Walters, ( 1895) 84 Hun, 457,
32 N. Y. Supp. 322 ; Viemeister v. White ( 1904)
179 N. Y. 23s, 72 N. E. 97.
1893, chap. 688, § 47, amended 1901, chap. 354. Stock
Corporation Law, preferred stock. Hinckley v.
Schwarzschild & S. Co. (1905) 107 App. Div. 470,
95 N. Y. Supp. 357.
1893, chap. 721. See Code Civ. Proc. § 873.
1894, chap. 28, § 9, amending 1880, chap. 14, § 40, sub-
sec. 21. Rochester charter, ordinances. Roches-
ter V. West ( 1900) 164 N. Y. 510, 53 L. R. A. 548,
79 Am. St. Rep. 659, 58 N. E. 673.
1894, chap. 146. Jamaica town hall. Jamaica v. Den-
ton (1895) 70 N. Y. Supp. 837.
1894, chap. 187; 1893, chap. 410. N. Y. C. Baptist Mis-
sion Society authorized to receive property. Nezv
York City Baptist Mission Soc. v. Tabernacle Bap-
tist Church (1896) 17 Misc. 699, 41 N. Y. Supp.
513-
1894, chap. 528. See 1891, chap. 4.
1894, chap. 556, title 14, § i. Consol. school law, super-
intendent of public instruction. People ex rel. Un-
derhill v. Skinner (1902) 74 App. Div. 58, 77 N.
Y. Supp. 36.
1894, chap. 556, title 15, § 28. Consol. school law, col-
ored schools. People ex rel. Cisco v. School Board
(1900) 161 N. Y. 598, 48 L. R. A. 113, 56 N.
E. 81.
1894, chap. 752. See 1891, chap. 4.
189s, chap. 247. Saratoga Springs, government reor-
ganized. People ex rel. Mitchell v. Sturges ( 1898)
156 N. Y. 580, 51 N. E. 295.
64 Constitutional History of New York.
1895, chap. 322. Brooklyn soft coal act. Brooklyn v.
Nassau Electric R. Co. (1899) 44 App. Div. 462,
61 N. Y. Supp. 33.
1895, chap. 398, amending 1893, chap. 661, §§ 140, 153.
Public health, practice of medicine. Hawker v.
New York (1897) 170 U. S. 189, 42 L. ed. 1002,
18 Sup. Ct. Rep. 573, affirming (1897) ^5^ N. Y.
234, 46 N. E. 607.
189s, chap. 519. See 1891, chap. 4.
1895, chap. 567, § 569, amending consol. act. New York,
unsanitary buildings. Egan v. Health Department
( 1897) 20 Misc. 38, 45 N. Y. Supp. 325.
1895, chap. 570. State racing commission. People ex
rel. Sturgis v. Fallon (1897) 152 N. Y. i, 37 L. R.
A. 419, 46 N. E. 302 ; People ex rel. Lawrence v.
Fallon (1897) 152 N. Y. 12, 37 L. R. A, 227, 57
Am. St. Rep. 492, 46 N. E. 296.
1895, chap. 572, amending Penal Code, § 351. Pool-
selling. People ex rel. Weaver v. Van De Carr
(1896) 150 N. Y. 439, 44 N. E. 1040.
1895, chap. 601. New York police justice and city mag-
istrates. People ex rel. Thornton v. Hogan (1895)
14 Misc. 48, 35 N. Y. Supp. 226; Koch v. New
York (1897) 152 N. Y. 72, 46 N. E. 170; Stenson
V. Koch (1897) 152 N. Y. 87, 46 N. E. 176; Re
Quinn (1897) 152 N. Y. 89, 46 N. E. 175, (1896)
15 Misc. 509, 36 N. Y. Supp. 894; People ex rel.
Public Charities & C. Comrs. v. Cullen (1897) ^53
N. Y. 629, 44 L. R. A. 420, 47 N. E. 894.
1895, chap. 80s, § 26, amending 189 1, chap. 105, § 397.
Buffalo street repairs. People ex rel. Bull v. Buf-
falo (1900) 52 App. Div. 157, 65 N. Y. Supp. 163,
affirmed in (1901) 166 N. Y. 604.
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 65
1895, chap. 805, § 271, amending 1891, chap. 105. Buf-
falo commissioner of public works. People ex rel.
Ward V. Scheu (1901) 167 N. Y. 292, 60 N. E.
650.
1895, chap. 817. Syracuse assessments. Hatsung v.
Syracuse (1895) 92 Hun, 203, 36 N. Y. Supp. 521.
1895, chap. 823. Barber law. People ex rel. Hobach v.
Sheriff of Kings County (1895) 13 Misc. 587, 35
N. Y. Supp. 19; People v. Havnor (1896) 149 N.
Y. 19s, 31 L. R. A. 689, 52 Am. St. Rep. 707, 43
N. E. 541.
1895, chap. 934. New York, Westchester annexation.
People ex rel. Henderson v. Westchester County
(1895) 147 N. Y. I, 30 L. R. A. 74, 41 N. E. 563;
People ex rel. Field v. New York (1895) 89 Hun,
460, 35 N. Y. Supp. 817.
1895, chap. 946. See Code Civ. Proc. § 234.
1895, chap. 975. Town of Colonic. Fort v. Cummings
(1895) 90 Hun, 481, 36 N. Y. Supp. 36.
1895, chap. 1006. Streets in New York. Re New York
(1898) 157 N. Y. 409, 52 N. E. 1 126.
1895, chap. 1027, amended 1896, chap. 835. Railroad
mileage books. Dillon v. Erie R. Co. (1897) 19
Misc. 116, 43 N. Y. Supp. 320; Purdy v. Erie R.
Co. (1900) 162 N. Y. 42, 48 L. R. a". 669, 56 N.
E. 508; Minor v. Erie R. Co. (1902) 171 N. Y.
566, 64 N. E. 454.
1896, chap. 112. Liquor tax law. People ex rel. Bins-
feld V. Murray (1896) 149 N. Y. 367, 32 L. R. A.
344, 44 N. E. 146; Kresser v. Lyman (1896) 74
Fed. 765. Section 28, subsec. 2, amended 1897,
chap. 312. Re Livingston (1897) 24 App. Div.
51, 48 N. Y. Supp. 989; Re Lyman (1899) 46
App. Div. 387, 61 N. Y. Supp. 884, afifirmed in
Vol. V. Const. Hist.— 5.
66 Constitutional History of New York.
(1900) 163 N. Y. 552, 57 N. E. 1115. Section 31,
subsec. e. People ex rel. Bassett v. City Prison
(1896) 6 App. Div. 520, 39 N. Y. Supp. 582.
1896, chap. 178, § 69. Queens county highways. Dun-
ton V. Hume (1897) 15 App. Div. 122, 44 N. Y.
Supp. 305.
1896, chap. 338. Roaring brook a public highway. Re
Burns (1898) 155 N. Y. 23, 49 N. E. 246.
1896, chap. 378. Special commissioner of jurors. Peo-
ple V. Dunn (1899) 157 N. Y. 528, 43 L. R. A.
247, 52 N. E. 572 ; People v. Meyer ( 1900) 162 N.
Y. 357, 56 N. E. 758; People v. Hall (1901) 169
N. Y. 184, 62 N. E. 170.
1896, chap. 520, amending Auburn charter. Changing
time of elections. People ex rel. Stupp v. Kent
(1903) 83 App. Div. 554, 82 N. Y. Supp. 172.
1896, chap. 545. Insanity law. Re Walker (1900) 57
App. Div. I, 67 N. Y. Supp. 647; Parker v. Wil-
lard State Hospital (1900) 50 App. Div. 622, 63
N. Y. Supp. 1 1 13.
1896, chap. 559, amending Code Civ. Proc. § 191. Ap-
peals to court of appeals. Croveno v. Atlantic Ave.
R. Co. (1896) 150 N. Y. 225, 44 N. E. 968;
Sciolina v. Erie Preserving Co. (1896) 151 N. Y.
50, 45 N. E. 371.
1896, chap. 649. Validating street railroad consents. Re
Buffalo Traction Co. (1898) 25 App. Div. 447, 49
N. Y. Supp. 1052, affirmed in (1898) 155 N. Y.
700, 50 N. E. 1115.
1896, chap. 650. Rochester sewer system, legalizing of-
ficial acts under statute inadvertently repealed. Mc-
Kee Land & Improv. Co. v. Williams (1901) 63
App. Div. 553, 71 N. Y. Supp. 1 141, affirmed in
(1903) 173 N. Y. 6-^0. 66 N. E. 1 1 12.
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 67
1896, chap. 680, amending county law. Actions for pen-
alties for failure to kill vicious dog. People ex rel.
Renshaw v. Gillespie (1898) 25 App. Div. 91, 48
N. Y. Supp. 882.
1896, chap. 772. Kings county detectives. People ex rel.
Dee V. Backus (1896) 11 App. Div. 147, 42 N. Y.
Supp. 899, afiSrmed in (1897) 153 1^. Y. 686, 48
N. E. 1 106.
1896, chap. 835, amending 1895, chap. 1027. Mileage
books. Purdy v. Erie R. Co. (1900) 162 N. Y.
42, 48 L. R. A. 669, 56 N. E. 508; Norton v.
Erie R. Co. (1901) 65 App. Div. 587, 72 N. Y.
Supp. 1018. See 1895, chap. 1027.
1896, chap. 850, amending insurance law, § 125. Change
of organization. Grobe v. Erie County Mut. Ins.
Co. (1899) 39 App. Div. 183, 57 N. Y. Supp.
290.
1896, chap. 853, § 179, amending 1893, chap. 559. Arm-
orers, salary a county charge. Bryant v. Palmer
(1897) 152 N. Y. 412, 46 N. E. 851.
1896, chap. 908. Tax law, corporations. People ex rel.
A. Klipstein & Co. v. Roberts (1899) 36 App.
Div. 597, 55 N. Y. Supp. 950, affirmed in (1901)
167 N. Y. 617. See 1897, chap. 392.
1896, chap. 908, § 132. Tax law, action for cancela-
tion of tax. Wallace v. International Paper Co.
(1903) 84 App. Div. 88, 82 N. Y. Supp. 556.
1896, chap. 908, § 220, subsec. 5, amended 1897, chap.
284. Tax law, transfer tax. Orr v. Gilnian
(1901) 183 U. S. 278, 46 L. ed. 196, 22 Sup.
Ct. Rep. 213, affirming (1901) 167 N. Y. 227,
52 L. R. A. 433; 88 Am. St. Rep. 509, 60 N. E.
439; Re Delano (1903) 176 N. Y. 486, 64 L. R.
A. 279, 68 N. E. 871.
68 Constitutional History of New York.
1896, chap. 908, amended 1901, chap. 173. Tax law,
transfer tax. Re Fuller (1901) 62 App. Div. 428,
71 N. Y. Supp. 40.
1896, chap. 908. See 1900, chap. 658.
1896, chap. 909, §§ 19, 36. Election law, public print-
ing. People ex rel. Weed-Parsons Printing Co.
V. Palmer (1896) 18 Misc. 103, 41 N. Y. Supp.
878.
1897, chap. 108. Richmond county police commission-
ers. Pearce v. Stephens (1897) 18 App. Div. loi,
45 N. Y. Supp. 422.
1897, chap. 220. Forest preserve law. People v. Adi-
rondack R. Co. (1899) 160 N. Y. 225, 54 N. E.
689.
1897, chap. 284. Transfer tax. Re Vanderbilf ( 1900)
50 App. Div. 246, 63 N. Y. Supp. 1079, affirmed
in (1900) 163 N. Y. 597, 57 N. E. 1127; Re Pot-
ter (1900) 51 App. Div. 212, 64 N. Y. Suf^. 1013.
See 1896, chap. 908, § 220, subsec. 5.
1897, chap. 378. New York municipal court. Re
Schultes (1898) 33 App. Div. 524, 54 N. Y. Supp.
34; Irwin V. Metropolitan Street R. Co. (1899) 38
App. Div. 253, 57 N. Y. Supp. 21 ; Kantro v. Arm-
strong (1899) 44 App. Div. 506, 60 N. Y. Supp.
970; Worthington v. London Guarantee & Acci.
Co. (1900) 164 N. Y. 81, 58 N. E. 102; Routen-
berg v. Schweitzer (1900) 165 N. Y. 175, 58 N. E.
880.
1897, chap. 378, § 1406. New York special sessions.
People V. Levy (1898) 24 Misc. 469, 53 N. Y.
Supp. 643.
1897, chap. 378, § 1439. New York, acquisition of
property. Connolly v. Van Wyck (1901) 35
Misc. 746, 72 N. Y. SuK>. 382.
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 69
1897, chap. 378, § 1534. New York, summary exam-
ination of officers. Re Leich ( 1900) 31 Misc. 671,
6s N. Y. Supp. 3.
1897, chap. 383. Anti-monopoly act. Re Atty. Gen.
(1897) 22 App. Div. 285, 47 N. Y. Supp. 883.
1897, chap. 384, I 30. Stock corporation, liability of
directors. Stieffel v. Tolhurst (1902) 67 App.
Div. 521, 73 N. Y. Supp. 1034.
1897, chap. 392, amending 1896, chap. 908. Tax law,
comptroller's sale. Weed v. Roberts (1897) 22
Misc. 46, 49 N. Y. Supp. 366.
1897, chap. 414, § 182. Villages, police justices. Peo-
ple ex rel. Saloom v. Whitney (1898) 32 App.
Div. 144, 52 N. Y. Supp. 695.
1897, chap. 415. See 1899, chap. 567, § 3.
1897, chap. 427, amending Code Crim. Proc. § 529.
Practice on appeal. People v. Lyons (1898) ^9
App. Div. 174, 51 N. Y. Supp. 811.
1897, chap. 441, amending 1892, chap. 689, § 52. Bank-
ing law, action to enforce stockholders' liability.
Persons v. Gardner (1899) 42 App. Div. 490, 56
N. Y. Supp. 822, 59 N. Y. Supp. 463.
1897, chap. 754. See 1890, chap. 565, § 62.
1898, chap. 182, § 180. Second class cities, removal
of officers. People ex rel. Graveline v. Ham
(1901) 59 App. Div. 314, 69 N. Y. Supp. 283.
1898, chap. 182, § 184. Second class cities, charges
against policemen. People ex rel. Miller v. Peck
(1902) 73 App. Div. 89, 76 N. Y. Supp. 328.
1898, chap. 182, § 461. See 1899, chap. 581.
1898, chap. 199, § 83. See 1899, chap. 289.
1898, chap. 205. New York, filing amended claims.
People ex rel. Grout v. Stillings (1902) 75 Ajq).
Div. 569, 78 N. Y. Supp. 333.
70 Constitutional History of New York.
1898, chap. 212, § 14. Military code, action against
officer. McLaughlin v. Kipp (1903) 82 App. Div.
413, 81 N. Y. Supp. 896.
1898, chap. 269. Fulton charter, qualification of voters.
Spitzer v. Fulton (1902) 172 N. Y. 285, 92 Am.
St. Rep. 736, 64 N. E. 957.
1898, chap. 280. Buffalo tax sales. People ex ret.
Atkins V. Buffalo (1901) 63 App. Div. 563, 71
N. Y. Supp. 1 145.
1898, chap. 588, § 5. Erecting Nassau county. Re
Noble (1898) 34 App. Div. 55, 54 N. Y. Supp. 42.
1899, chap. 128, § 208. New Rochelle, sewer assess-
ments. People ex rel. Scott v. Pitt ( 1901 ) 64 App.
Div. 316, 72 N. Y. Supp. 191, affirmed in (1902)
169 N. Y. 521, 58 L. R. A. 372, 62 N. E. 662.
1899, chap. 152. See 1900, chap. 640.
1899, chap. 257. Brooklyn, Clinton ave. improvement.
Re New York (1901) 167 N. Y. 624, 60 N. E.
1 108, affirming (1901) 57 App. Div. 166, 68 N.
Y. Supp. 196.
1899, chap. 275, § 105. Gloversville, assessments for
street improvements. People ex rel. Cayadutta
PI. Road Co. V. Cummings (1900) 53 App. Div.
36, 65 N. Y. Supp. 581, reversed on other grounds
in (1901) 166 N. Y. no, 59 N. E. 703.
1899, chap. 289, amending 1898, chap. 199, § 83. Little
Falls, action to cancel assessment. Loomis v.
Little Falls (1901) 66 App. Div. 299, 72 N. Y.
Supp. 774; (1903) 176 N. Y. 31, 68 N. E. 105.
1899, chap. 370, §§ 20, 21. Civil service, veterans.
Stutzbach v. Coler (1901) 168 N. Y. 416, 61 N.
E. 697. See 1902, chap. 270.
1899, chap. 382. See 1901, chap. 26a
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 71
1899, chap. 405. Geneva electric wires. Geneva v.
Geneva Teleph Co. (1900) 30 Misc. 236, 62 N.
Y. Supp. 172.
1899, chap. 416. Queens county board of supervisors.
Queens County v. Petry (1900) 54 App. Div. 115,
66 N. Y. Supp. 1 142, 66 N. Y. Supp. 447.
1899, chap. 567, § 3, amending 1897, chap. 415. Labor
law, wages on public work. Ryan v. New York
(1904) 177 N. Y. 271, 69 N. E. 599.
1899, chap. 581, amending 1898, chap. 182, § 461.
Venue in actions against second class cities. Csar-
nowsky V. Rochester (1900) 55 App. Div. 388,
66 N. Y. Supp. 931, affirmed in (1901) 165 N.
Y. 649, 59 N. E. ,1121.
1899, chap. 690. Anti-monopoly act. Re Davies (1901 )
168 N. Y. 89, 56 L. R. A. 855, 61 N. E. 118.
1899, chap. 712. Special franchise tax law. Buffalo
Gas Co. V. Vols (1900) 31 Misc. 160, 64 N. Y.
Supp. 534; New York L. & W. R. Co. v. Roll
(1900) 32 Misc. 321, 66 N. Y. Supp. 748; People
ex rel. Metropolitan Street R. Co. v. State Tax
Comrs. (1903) 174 N. Y. 417, 63 L. R. A. 884, 67
N. E. 69, affirmed (1905) 199 U. S. i, 50 L. ed.
65, 25 Sup. Ct. Rep. 705 ; People ex rel. Brooklyn
City R. Co. V. State Tax Comrs. (1905) 199 U. S.
48, 50 L. ed. 79, 25 Sup. Ct. Rep. 713, affirming
(1903) 174 N. Y. 417, 63 L. R. A. 884, 105 Am.
St. Rep. 674, 67 N. E. 69.
igoo, chap. 20. See 1902, chap. 194.
1900, chap. loi. See 1893, chap. 338.
1900, chap. 123. Court of claims, American Bank Note
Co. American Bank Note Co. v. State (1901)
64 App. Div. 223, 71 N. Y. Supp. 1049.
1900, chap. 494. See Pen. Code, § 389.
72 Constitutional History of New York.
1900, chap. 640, amending 1899, chap. 152. Bicycle path.
Ryan v. Preston (1901) 59 App. Div. 97, 69 N.
Y. Supp. 100.
1900, chap. 658, amending 1896, chap. 908. Transfer
tax, appraisers. Re Wallace (1902) 71 App. Div.
284, 75 N. Y. Supp. 838.
1900, chap. 737, amending executive lav?. Deputy at-
torney general. People v. Kramer (1901) 33
Misc. 209, 68 N. Y. Supp. 383.
1900, chap. 767. Claim against state. Wheeler v.
New York (1904) 97 App. Div. 276, 90 N. Y.
Supp. 18.
1901, chap. 33. New York police. People ex rel.
Devery v. Coler (1903) 173 N. Y. 103, 65 N. E.
956.
1901, chap. 89. Oneida county courthouse. People ex
rel. Comrs. New Courthouse in Oneida County v.
Oneida County (1902) 170 N. Y. 105, 62 N.
E. 1092.
1901, chap. 128. Real estate sales in first and second
class cities. Whiteley v. Terry (1903) 83 App.
Div. 197, 82 N. Y. Supp. 89, followed Charles v.
Arthur (1903) 84 N. Y. Supp. 284.
190 1, chap. 173. See 1896, chap. 908.
1901, chap. 260, amending 1899, chap. 382. State
prisons, parole. People ex rel. Clark v. Sing Sing
Prison (1902) 39 Misc. 113, 78 N. Y. Supp. 907.
1901, chap. 334. See 1901, chap. 555; 1902, chap. 352.
1901, chap. 354. See 1893, chap. 688, § 47.
1901, chap. 392, amending Penal Code, § 267. Sale of
meat on Sunday. People ex rel. Woodin v. Hagan
(1901) 36 Misc. 349, 73 N. Y. Supp. 564.
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 73
1901, chap. 402. Syracuse, audit of certain claims.
Syracuse v. Hubbard (1901) 64 App. Div. 587,
72 N. Y. Supp. 802, appeal dismissed in (1901)
168 N. Y. 668,61 N. E. 1 128.
1901, chap. 466, § 290. New York detective bureau.
Sugden v. Partridge (1903) 174 N. Y. 87, 66 N.
E. 655.
1901, chap. 466, §§ 701-712. New York, vagrancies,
commitments. People ex rel. Abrams v. Fox
(1902) y^ App. Div. 245, 79 N. Y. Supp. 56.
1901, chap. 466, § 722. New York fire department.
People ex rel. Richmond Hook & Ladder Co. No.
4 V. Grout (1903) 79 App. Div. 61, 79 App. Div.
1027.
1901, chap. 466, § 896. New York, taxes, increasing or
diminishing assessed valuation. People ex rel.
Simpson v. Wells (1905) 181 N. Y. 252, 73 N.
E. 1025.
1901, chap. 466, § 1 1 72. New York sanitary code.
People v. Davis (1903) 78 App. Div. 570, 79 N.
Y. Supp. 747.
1901, chap. 555, amending 1901, chap. 334. New York
tenement houses. New York v. Herdje (1902)
68 App. Div. 370, 74 N. Y. Supp. 104.
1901, chap. 602. Jury commissioners. Allison v. Welde
(1902) 172 N. Y. 421, 65 N. E. 263.
1901, chap. 645. Oswego canal improvement. Lynch
V. Partridge (1901) 36 Misc. 302, 73 N. Y. Supp.
469.
1901, chap. 704. Kings county, clerk, salaried office.
McGrath v. Grout (1902) 171 N. Y. 7, 63 N. E.
547-
1901, chap. 705. Kings county, sheriff, salaried office.
McGrath v. Grout (1902) 171 IST. Y. 7, 63 N. E.
547-
74 Constitutional History of New York.
1901, chap. 706. Kings county, register, salaried office.
McGrath v. Grout (1902) 171 N. Y. 7, 63 N. E.
547-
1902, chap. 30, amending 1893, chap. 338, adding §§
70^ and 70/. Agricultural law. Slaughtering, sell-
ing, or shipping veal for food. People v. Bishopp
(1905) 106 App. Div. 266, 94 N. Y. Supp. 773.
1902, chap. 73. Cemeteries. Palmer v. Hickory Grove
Cemetery ( 1903) 84 App. Div. 600, 82 N. Y. Supp.
973-
1902, chap. 194, § 141, and 1900, chap. 20. Possession
of fish and game. People v. A. Booth & Co.
(1905) IDS App. Div. 184, 93 N. Y. Supp. 425.
1902, chap. 270, amending civil service law, 1899, chap.
370, § 21. Civil service veterans. People ex rel.
Kenny v. Folks (1903) 89 App. Div. 171, 85 N.
Y. Supp. 1 100.
1902, chap 352, § 47, amending 1901, chap. 334. Ten-
ement houses in cities of the first class. Tenement
HoUrSe Department v. Moeschen (1904) 179 N.
Y. 325, 72 N. E. 231.
1902, chap. 385, amending agricultural law. Oleomar-
garine. People V. Meyer (1903) 89 App. Div.
185, 85 N. Y. Supp. 834.
1902, chap. 506. Saratoga Springs, sewer, water, and
street commissioners. People ex rel. Van Norder
V. Sewer Water & Street Commission (1904) 90
App. Div. 555, 86 N. Y. Supp. 445.
1902, chap. 600. Employer's liability act. Gmaehle v.
Rosenberg (1903) 83 App. Div. 339, 82 N. Y.
Supp. 366.
1903, chap. 565. Deer river a public highway. Re
Wilder ( 1904) 90 App. Div. 262, 85 N. Y. Supp.
741.
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 75
1903, chap. 610, adding § iia to highway law. Change
of grade. Re Borup (1905) 102 App. Div. 262,
92 N. Y. Supp. 624.
1903, chap. 625. Automobiles on public highways. Peo-
ple V. Mac Williams (1904) 91 App. Div. 176,
86 N. Y. Supp. 357.
REVISED LAWS OF 1813.
1 Rev. Laws, 460. Insolvent debtors. Mather v. Bush
(1819) 16 Johns. 233, 8 Am. Dec. 313; Jaques v.
Marquand (1826) 6 Cow. 497.
2 Rev. Laws, 368, § 81. New York fire protection. Rus-
sell V. New York (1845) 2 Denio, 461.
2 Rev. Laws, 409, § 178. New York street improve-
ment. Striker v. Kelly (1845) 2 Denio, 323.
Street opening. Re 12/th Street (1878) 56 How.
Pr. 60. Assessments for local improvements. Re
Roberts (1879) 17 Hun, 559, affirmed in (1880)
81 N. Y. 63.
2 Rev. Laws, 436, § 236. New York, ordinances,
wharves, and piers. New York v. Ryan (1854) 2
E. D. Smith, 368.
2 Rev. Laws, 441, § 252. Indemnity against foreign
paupers. Candler v. New York (1828) i Wend.
493. 500-
2 Rev. Laws, 445, § 267. Regulation of interments in
New York. Coates v. New York (1827) 7 Cow.
585.
2 Rev. Laws, 507, 508, § 4. Special sessions, trial of
petit larceny without a jury. Murphy v. People
(1824) 2 Cow. 815.
76 Constitutional History of New York.
REVISED STATUTES.
I Rev. Stat. 154, § 13, subsec. 4 (i Edm. 153). Wit-
ness before legislative committee. People ex rd.
McDonald v. Keeler (1885) 99 N. Y. 463, 52 Am.
Rep. 49, 2 N. E. 615.
1 Rev. Stat. 226, § 49 (i Edm. 226). Canallands,
damages. Rexford v. Knight (1854) 11 N. Y.
308.
1 Rev. Stat. 338, § 4(1 Edm. 311). Division of town,
apportionment of debts. People ex rel. McKenzie
V. Ulster County (1883) 94 N. Y. 263.
I Rev. Stat. 340, 341, § 5, subsec. 11 (i Edm. 314).
Division fences, cattle on highways. Griffin v.
Martin ( 1849) 7 Barb. 297 ; Hardenburgh v. Lock-
wood (1856) 25 Barb. 9, overruling Tonawanda
R. Co. V. Munger (1848) 5 Denio, 255, 49 Am.
Dec. 239.
I Rev. Stat 391, § 9. See 1892, chap. 202.
I Rev. Stat. 398, §2(1 Edm. 369). Seizure of property
on tax warrant. Pauly v. Wahle (1883) 29 Hun,
116; Hersee v. Porter (1885) 100 N. Y. 403, 3
N. E. 338.
I Rev. Stat. 452, §3(1 Edm. 399). Medical societies,
expulsion of members. Re Smith (1833) ^^
Wend. 449.
I Rev. Stat. 519, § 89 (i Edm. 478). Highway law,
compensation. Chapman v. Gates (1873) 54 N.
Y. 132.
I Rev. Stat. 583, § 29 (i Edm. 541). Turnpike roads,
taking public highways. Benedict v. Goit (1848)
3 Barb. 459.
I Rev. Stat. 603, § 5 (i Edm. 560). Corporations,
setting aside elections. Re Newcomb (1891) 42
N. Y. S. R. 442, 18 N. Y. Supp. 16.
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 77
I Rev. Stat. 632, § i (i Edm. 585). Vagrants. Re
Forbes ( i860) 19 How. Pr. 457.
I Rev. Stat. 638, § 2 (i Edm. 591). Disorderly per-
sons, trial without a jury. Duffy v. People ( 1843 )
6 Hill, 75.
X Rev. Stat. 666, § 28 (i Edm. 618). Publishing notice
of lottery. Hart v. People ( 1882) 26 Hun, 396.
I Rev. Stat. 666, § 29 (i Edm. 618). Prohibiting sale
of lottery tickets. People v. Noelke (1883) 94
N. Y. 137, 46 Am. Rep. 128.
1 Rev. Stat. 680, § 15 (i Edm. 633). Excise license
Ingersoll v. Skinner (1845) ^ Denio, 540; People
V. Huntington (1846) 4 N. Y. Legal Obs. 187.
2 Rev. Stat. 11, 12 (2 Edm. 11-13). State bankrupt
law. Donnelly v. Corbett (1852) 7 N. Y. 500.
2 Rev. Stat. 204, § 28 (i Edm. 213). New York oyer
and terminer. Colt v. People (1842) i Park.
Crim. Rep. 611.
2 Rev. Stat. 702, § 27 (2 Edm. 725). Crimes, convic-
tion of lesser degree. People v. Didien (1859) 17
How. Pr. 224.
2 Rev. Stat. 727, § 50 (2 Edm. 751). Place of criminal
trial. Mack v. People (1880) 82 N. Y. 235.
CODE OF PROCEDURE.
§ 30. Partition in county court. Doubleday v. Heath
(1857) 16 N. Y. 80.
§ 30. Foreclosure in county court. Hall v. Nelson
(1856) 23 Barb. 88; Arnold v. Rees (1858) 18 N.
Y-57. . . ,
§ 60. County court, actions commenced in justices
courts. Cook V. Nellis (1858) 18 N. Y. 126.
§ 62. Joinder of legal and equitable actions. Phillips
V. Gorham (1858) 17 N. Y. 270; New York Ice
Co. V. Northwestern Ins. Co. (1861) 23 N. Y. 357;
Lattin v. McCarty (1869) 41 N. Y. 107.
78 Constitutional History of New York.
§ 282. Limiting future right of appeal. Graver v.
Coon (1848) I N. Y. 536.
§ 398. Witness not excluded by reason of interest.
Neass v. Mercer (1853) 15 Barb. 318.
§ 460. Extending time to appeal. Burch v. Newbury
(1849) 4 How. Pr. 145.
CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE.
§ 66. Attorney's lien. Re King (1901) 168 N. Y. 53,
60 N. E. 1054.
§ 162. Summary judgment on undertaking for jail lib-
erties. Buttling V. Hatton (1897) 18 App. Div.
128, 45 N. Y. Supp. 720.
§ 191. See 1896, chap. 559.
§ 234, amended 1895, chap. 946. Governor's appoint-
ment of extraordinary terms. People v. Young
(1897) 18 App. Div. 162, 45 N. Y. Supp. 772.
§ 263, subsec. 2. Superior city courts as contained in
the Code of Remedial Justice, 1876, afterwards the
Code of Civil Procedure, and included in provisions
abrogated in 1895, chap. 946. Gemp v. Pratt
(1877) 7 Daly, 197.
§ 435. Substituted service of summons. Continental
Nat. Bank v. Thurber (1893) 74 Hun, 632, 26 N.
Y. Supp. 956, affirmed in (1894) 143 N. Y. 648,
37 N. E. 828.
§ 758. Liability of sureties. Randall v. Sackett (1879)
77 N. Y. 480.
§ 836, amended 1892, chap. 514. Witness, confidential
communication. Re Gagan (1892) 47 N. Y. S.
R. 444, 20 N. Y. Supp. 426 ; Supreme Lodge, K. of
P. V. Meyer (1905) 198 U. S. 508, 519, 49 L. ed.
1146, 1149, 25 Sup. Ct. Rep. 754.
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 79
§§ 856, 857. Witness, imprisonment for refusal to tes-
tify. Re McAdam (1889) 27 N. Y. S. R. 352,
7 N. Y. Supp. 454.
§ 873, amended 1893, chap. 721. Witness, physical ex-
amination. Lyon Y. Manhattan R. Co. (1894) 142
N. Y. 298, 25 L. R. A. 402, 37 N. E. 113.
§ 970, amended 1891, chap. 208. Directing trial of
specific questions. Eggers v. Manhattan R. Co.
(1891) 27 Abb. N. C. 463, 42 N. Y. S. R. 123,
18 N. Y. Supp. 181 ; Riggs v. Shannon (1891) 27
Abb. N.. C. 456, 44 N. Y. S. R. 365, 16 N. Y.
Supp. 939; Underhill v. Manhattan R. Co. (1891)
27 Abb. N. C. 478, 18 N. Y. Supp. 43.
§§ 1421-1425. Action on sheriff's indemnity bond.
Hessberg v. Riley (1883) 91 N. Y. 377; Hein v.
Davidson (1884) 96 N. Y. 175, 48 Am. Rep.
612.
§ 1778. Action against corporation, judgment by de-
fault. Moran v. Long Island City (1886) loi N.
Y. 439, 5 N. E. 80.
§ 1780. Action against foreign corporation. Robinson
V. Oceanic Steam Nav. Co. (1889) 112 N. Y. 315,
2 L. R. A. 636, 19 N. E. 625; Anglo-American
Provision Co. v. Davis Provision Co. (1902) 169
N. Y. 506, 88 Am. St. Rep. 608, 62 N. E. 587,
affirmed in (1903) 191 U. S. 373, 48 L. ed. 225,
24 Sup. Ct. Rep. 92.
§ 2122. Certiorari. People ex rel. Hill v. Wayne Coun-
ty (1889) 49 Hun, 476, 2 N. Y. Supp. 555.
§§ 2323 et seq. Committee of insane persons. Re
Walker ( 1900) 57 App. Div. i, 67 N. Y. Supp. 647.
§§ 2706-2714. Discovery of decedent's estate. Re Cur-
ry (1881) 25 Hun, 321; Re Seaman (1882) 16
N. Y. Week. Dig. 118.
8o Constitutional History of New York.
§§ 2798, 2799. Surplus moneys in foreclosure and parti-
tion. Re Stilwell (1893) ^39 N. Y. 337, 34 N. E.
777-
§ 3268. Security for costs. Venanzio v. Weir (1901)
64 App. Div. 483, 72 N. Y. Supp. 234.
§ 3379- Condemnation proceedings. Re St. Lawrence
& A. R. Co. (1892) 66 Hun, 306, 21 N. Y. Supp.
131-
§ 3412. Judgment in action on lien. Hawkins v. Mapes
Reeve Constr. Co. (1903) 82 App. Div. 72, 81
N. Y. Supp. 794; Steuerwald v. GUI (1903) 85
App. Div. 60s, 83 N. Y. Supp. 396.
PENAL CODE.
§ 12. See 1893, chap. 279.
§ 79. Witness in bribery cases. People v. Sharp ( 1887)
107 N. Y. 427, I Am. St. Rep. 851, 14 N. E. 319.
§ 106. Perjury, how punished. People v. Hayes ( 1894)
140 N. Y. 484, 23 L. R. A. 830, 37 Am. St. Rep.
572, 35 N. E. 951.
§ 267. See 1901, chap. 392.
§ 288, subsec. I. Duty of parents. People v. Pierson
(1903) 176 N. Y. 201, 63 L. R. A. 187, 98 Am.
St. Rep. 666, 68 N. E. 243.
§ 288, subsec. 2. Unauthorized hospital. People ex rel.
Wagner v. Hagan (1900) 52 App. Div. 387, 65
N. Y. Supp. 120, affirmed in (1900) 165 N. Y.
607, 58 N. E. 109 1.
§292. Exhibiting child dancer. People v. Ewer (18^4)
141 N. Y. 129, 25 L. R. A. 794, 38 Am. St. Rep.
788, 36 N. E. 4.
§ 342. Privilege of witness. Gilpin v. Daly (1891) 59
Hun, 413, 13 N. Y. Supp. 390; People ex rel.
Lewisohn v. General Sessions Court (1904) 96
App. Div. 201, 89 N. Y. Supp. 364.
Constitutional Statutes — Chronological. 8i
§ 3440. Gambling, playing policy. People ex rel. Wil-
son V. Flynn (1902) 72 App. Div. 67, 76 N. Y.
Supp. 293; People V. Adams (1903) 85 App. Div.
390, 83 N. Y. Supp. 481.
§ 351. Poolselling. People ex rel. Clifton v. De Bragga
(1902) 73 App. Div. 579, yy N. Y. Supp. 7; People
V. Stedeker (1902) 75 App. Div. 449, 78 N. Y.
Supp. 316. See People ex rel. Weaver v. Van De
Carr (1894) 150 N. Y. 439, 44 N. E. 1040.
§ 363. Sunday traffic. Dinsmore v. New York Police
(1882) 12 Abb. N. C. 436.
§ 364a. Sterling silver. People v. Webster (1896) 17
Misc. 410, 40 N. Y. Supp. 1 135.
§ 383. Places of amusement, equal privileges. People v.
King ( 1888) no N. Y. 418, i L. R. A. 293, 6 Am.
St. Rep. 389, 18 N. E. 245.
§ 389, amended 1900, chap. 494. Manufacture of ex-
plosives. People V. Lichtman ( 1901 ) 65 App. Div.
76, 72 N. Y. Supp. 511.
§ 441. Planting oysters by nonresidents. People v.
Lowndes (1892) 130 N. Y. 455, 29 N. E. 751.
§ 6870. Indeterminate sentence. People ex rel. Clark v.
Sing Sing Prison (1902) 39 Misc. 113, 78 N. Y.
Supp. 907.
§ 688. Second offense. People v. Price (1889) 53
Hun, 185, 6 N. Y. Supp. 833, affirmed in (1890)
119 N. Y. 650, 23 N. E. 1 149; People v. Sickles
(1898) 156 N. Y. 541, 51 N. E. 288. See People
V. Raymond (1884) 96 N. Y. 38.
§ 718, subsec. 5. Indictment for fraud. People v. Mar-
tin (1883) 2 N. Y. Crim. Rep. 51.
Vol. V. Const. Hist. — 6.
82 Constitutional History of New York.
CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE.
§§ 6, 7, 275, 281, 293-295. Amending indictment.
People V. Johnson (1887) 104 N. Y. 213, 10 N. E.
690; People V. Herman (1887) 45 Hub, 175.
§ 8, subsec. 3. Rights of accused. People v. Williams
(1885) 35 Hun, 516; People v. Fish (1891) 125
N. Y. 136, 26 N. E. 319.
§ 23, amended 1882, chap. 360. Supeme court, oyer and
terminer. People v. Bork (1884) 96 N. Y. 188.
§ 308. Counsel for defendant. People ex rel. Acritelli
V. Grout (1903) 87 App. Div. 193, 84 N. Y. Supp.
97-
§ 411. Jury viewing scene of crime. People v. Thorn
(1898) 156 N. Y. 286, 42 L. R. A. 368, so N. E.
947-
§§ 464, 543. New trial. People v. Palmer ( 1888) 109
N. Y. 413, 4 Am. St. Rep. 477, 17 N. E. 213.
§§ 491, 492. Confinement of convict. McElvaine v.
Brush (1891) 142 U. S. 155, 35 L. ed. 971, 12
Sup. Ct. Rep. 156, affirming (1891) 125 N. Y. 596,
26 N. E. 929.
§ 529, See 1897, chap. 427.
Constitutional Statutes.
B. topical.
Albany.
Trial jurors. 1881, chap. 532. People v. Petrea
(1883) 92 N. Y. 128; People v. Fitzpatrick (1883) 30
Hun, 493.
Constitutional Statutes — Topical. 83
Washington park. 1872, chap. 45. Re Washington
Park (1873) S2N. Y. 131.
Western avenue. 1876, chap. 445. People ex rel.
Washington Park v. Banks (1876) 67 N. Y. 568; Hurl-
burtv. Banks (1876) 52 How. Pr. 196.
Appeals.
Limitation of, to court of appeals. 1874, chap. 322.
Butteriield v. Rudde (1874) 58 N. Y. 489.
Limitation may be retroactive. 1869, chap. 883. Re
Palmer (1869) 40 N. Y. 561.
Appropriation.
When act may be repealed. 1874, chap. 180. People
ex rel. Canajoharie Nat. Bank v. Montgomery County
(1876) 67 N. Y. 109, 23 Am. Rep. 94.
Armorers.
Salary a county charge. 1896, chap. 853, § 179,
amending 1893, chap. 559. Bryant v. Palmer (1897)
152 N. Y. 412, 46 N. E. 851.
Assignments for Creditors.
Preferences. 1884, chap. 328, amending 1877, chap.
466, § 29. Richardson v. Thurber (1887) 104 N. Y.
606, II N. E. 133.
Attica Bridge.
Proceedings legalized. 1887, chap. 205. Wrought
Iron Bridge Co. v. Attica (1890) 119 N. Y. 204, 23 N.
E. 542.
Attorneys.
Admission of. i860, chap. 187. Re Graduates
(i860) II Abb. Pr. 301. i860, chap. 202. Re Cooper,
(i860) 22 N. Y. 67.
Attorney General.
Deputies in metropolitan elections district. 1900, chap.
84 Constitutional History of New York.
737, amending executive law. People v. Kramer ( 1900)
33 Misc. 209, 68 N. Y. Supp. 383.
Auburn.
Justices of the peace. 1881, chap. 182, amending 1879,
chap. 53, § 62. Desmond v. Crane (1899) 39 App. Div.
190, 57 N. Y. Supp. 266. See Armstrong v. Kennedy
(1898) 23 Misc. 47, 51 N. Y. Supp. 509.
Auctioneers.
Duties on foreign goods. 1846, chap. 62. People v.
Wilmerding (1891) 62 Hun, 391, 17 N. Y. Supp. 102,
reversed on other grounds in (1893) 136 N. Y. 363, 32
N. E. 1099.
Banks.
Banking law, two-thirds vote of legislature not neces-
sary on passage. 1838, chap. 260. Gifford v. Livingston
(1845) 2 Denio, 380, overruling Debow v. People
(1845) ^ Denio, 9.
Foreign building and loan associations, deposit. 1892,
chap. 689. People v. Granite State Provident Asso.
(1900) 161 N. Y. 492, 55 N. E. 1053.
Retrospective act. 1849, chap. 226. Re Reciprocity
Bank (1859) 29 Barb. 369, (i860) 22 N. Y. 9.
Savings banks, deposits. 1892, chap. 689, §§ 118, 130.
Elmira Sav. Bank v. Davis (1894) 142 N. Y. 590, 25 L.
R. A. 546, 37 N. E. 646.
Special charter. 1868, chap. 816, § 5. Pardee v.
Fish (1875) 60 N. Y. 265, 19 Am. Rep. 176.
Stockholders' liability. 1849, chap. 226. United
States Trust Co. v. United States F. Ins. Co. (1858) 18
N. Y. 199; Re Gibson (Oliver Lee & Co.'s Bank)
(i860) 21 N. Y. 9, affirmed as Sherman v. Smith (1861)
I Black, 587, 17 L. ed. 163, citing 1838, chap. 260; 1892,
chap. 689, § 52. HirshHeld v. Bopp (1895) I45 N. Y.
84, 39 N. E. 817.
Constitutional Statutes — Topical. 85
Stockholders' liability, action to enforce. 1897, chap.
441, amending 1892, chap. 689, § 52. Persons v. Gard-
ner (1899) 42 App. Div. 490, 56 N. Y. Supp. 822, 59 N.
Y. Supp. 463.
Binghamton.
Acquiring- canal lands. 1878, chap. 391. Hldridge v.
Binghamton (1886) 42 Hun, 202, affirmed in (1890)
120 N. Y. 309, 24 N. E. 462.
Legalizing certain railroad contracts. Weed v. Bing-
hamton (1899) 26 Misc. 208, 56 N. Y. Supp. 105;
Davidge v. Binghamton (1901) 62 App. Div. 525, 71 N.
Y. Supp. 282.
Bottling Acts.
Owner's right protected, i860, chap. 117. Mullins v.
People (1862) 24 N. Y. 399. 1887, chap. 377, amended
1888, chap. 181. People v. Quinn (1893) 139 N. Y. 32,
34 N. E. 759.
Bridge over Navigable Stream.
Vessels must have free passage. 1832, chap. 131.
People V. Rensselaer & S. R. Co. (1836) 15 Wend. 113,
30 Am. Dec. 33.
Brooklyn.
Atlantic avenue, motive power. 1876, chap. 187.
People V. Long Island R. Co. ( 1880) 60 How. Pr. 395 ;
People V. Brooklyn F. & C. I. R. Co. (1882) 89 N. Y.
75; Re Long Island R. Co. (1892) 50 N. Y. S. R. 257,
21 N. Y. Supp. 489, affirmed in (1894) 143 N. Y. 67, 37
N. E. 636.
Clinton avenue improvement. 1899, chap. 257. Re
New York (1901) 167 N. Y. 624, affirming (1901) 57
App. Div. 166, 68 N. Y. Supp. 196.
Commissioner of charities. 1880, chap. 284. Re Car-
boy (1882) 27 Hun, 82.
86 Constitutional History of New York.
Election officers. 1880, chap. 528. Brooklyn v.
Scholes (1883) 31 Hun, no.
Fire department. 1880, chap. 377. People ex rel. Mc-
Laughlin V. Partridge (1884) 13 Abb. N. C. 410.
Hospitals for contagious diseases. 1888, chap. 583, ti-
tle 12, § 2, amended 1891, chap. 245. Re Chapin (1895)
84 Hun, 490, 32 N. Y. Supp. 361.
Leases on tax sales. 1885, chap. 405, § 15. Wheeler
V. Jackson (1890) 137 U. S. 245, 34 L. ed. 659, 11 Sup.
Ct. Rep. 76, affirming (1887) 105 N. Y. 681, 13 N. E.
931-
Local assessments. 1861, chap. 297; 1869, chap. 383.
Guest V. Brooklyn (1876) 8 Hun, 97, affirmed in (1877)
69 N. Y. 506.
Maps. 1838, chap. 156. Radcliff v. Brooklyn (1850)
4 N. Y. 19s, S3 Am. Dec. 357.
Patrolmen. 1877, chap. 459, amended 1879, chap.
467, § 7- Shanley v. Brooklyn (1883) 30 Hun, 396;
Mangam v. Brooklyn (1885) 98 N. Y. 585, 50 Am. Rep.
705-
Police, certiorari. 1881, chap. 457. People ex rel.
Dunnigan v. Police Department (1888) 47 Hun, 407,
affirmed in (1888) no N. Y. 681, 18 N. E. 483.
Reducing assessments. 1875, chap. 633, § 13. Re
Mead (1878) 74 N. Y. 216.
Relief from acts of officers. 1862, chap. 63, § 39.
Gray v. Brooklyn (1868) 50 Barb. 365, affirmed in
(1869) 2 Abb. App. Dec. 267.
Soft coal, use of restricted. 1895, chap. 322. Brook-
lyn V. Nassau Electric R. Co. (1899) 44 App. Div. 462,
61 N. Y. Supp. 33.
Streets. 1833, chap. 319, §§ i, 2, 16. Radcliff v.
Brooklyn (1850) 4 N. Y. 195, 53 Am. Dec. 357.
Street assessments. 1834, chap. 92, § 40. People ex
Constitutional Statutes — Topical. 87
rel. Griffin v. Brooltlyn (1851) 4 N. Y. 419, 55 Am. Dec.
266.
Street improvement. 1874, chap. 588. Re Sacftett,
D. & DeG. Streets (1878) 74 N. Y. 95.
Supervisors, vacancies, how filled. 1893, chap. 35.
People ex rel. Kehoe v. Fitchie (1894) 76 Hun, 80, 28
N. Y. Supp. 600.
Tax deeds. 1883, chap. 114. Kelly v. Wheeler
(1888) 21 N. Y. S. R. 311, 3 N. Y. Supp. 289; White
V. Wheeler (1889) 51 Hun, 573, 4 N. Y. Supp. 405 ; Ter-
rel V. Wheeler (1890) 123 N. Y. y6, 25 N. E. 329, af-
firming (1888) 49 Hun, 262, 2 N. Y. Supp. 86, citing
1885, chap. 163, amending above act; Lamb v. Connolly
(1890) 122 N. Y. 531, 25 N. E. 1042 ; Fithian v. Wheel-
er (1890) 125 N. Y. 696, 26 N. E. 141; Wallerstein v.
Bohanna (1890) 125 N. Y. 696, 26 N. E. 141 ; Litchfield
v. Brooklyn (1895) 13 Misc. 693, 34 N. Y. Supp. 1090.
Transit methods in. 1859, chap. 484. People v. Long
Island R. Co. (1880) 9 Abb. N. C. 181, 60 How. Pr. 395.
Widening streets. 1852, chap. 293. Re Curran (1899)
38 App. Div. 82, 55 N. Y. Supp. 1018.
Buffalo.
Audit of claims. 1870, chap. 519, title 3, § 7. Reining
v. Buffalo (1886) 102 N. Y. 308, 6 N. E. 792.
Municipal court. 1880, chap. 344. Bergman v. Wolff
(1890) 33 N. Y. S. R. 499. II N. Y. Supp. 591.
Parks. 1892, chap. 966, §§ i, 2. Choate v. Buffalo
(1899) 39 App. Div. 379, 57 N. Y. Supp. 383.
Reassessments for local improvements. 1875, chap.
369. Wells V. Buffalo (1878) 14 Hun, 438, affirmed in
(1880) 80 N. Y. 253.
Street railroad fares. 1875, chap. 600. Buffalo East
Side R. Co. v. Buffalo Street R. Co. (1888) iii N. Y.
132, 2 L. R. A. 384, 19 N. E. 63.
88 Constitutional History of New York.
Superior court. 1854, chap. 96. International Bank
V. Bradley (1859) 19 N. Y. 245.
Canals.
Abandonment. 1857, chap. 267. People v. Stephens
(1878) 13 Hun, 17.
Albany basin. 1823, chap. iii. Lansing v. Smith
(1828) 8 Cow. 146, affirmed in (1829) 4 Wend. 9, 21
Am. Dec. 89.
Contracts. 1872, chap. 740. People v. Canal Board
(1873) I Thomp. & C. 309, affirmed in (1874) 55 N. Y.
390- ,
Damages, hmiting time for presentation of claims, i
Rev. Stat. 226, § 49 (i Edm. 226). Rexford v. Knight
(1854) iiN.Y. 308.
Fort Miller dam. 1830, chap. 135, par. i. Harris v.
Thompson (1850) 9 Barb. 350. ■
Improvement. 1870, chap. 767. People ex rel. Wil-
liams V. Dayton (1874) 55 N. Y. 367.
Investigating commission, powers. 1875, chap. 91.
People v. Learned (1875) 5 Hun, 626.
Lands, compensation. 1817, chap. 262, § 3. Wheel-
ock v. Young (1830) 4 Wend. 648.
Lands, sale of. 1849, chap. 352, § 3. People v. Ste-
phens (1878) 13 Hun, 17.
Oswego canal improvement, Syracuse. 1901, chap.
645. Lynch v. Partridge ( 1901 ) 36 Misc. 302, 73 N. Y.
Supp. 469.
Relief from contract. 1870, chap. 160. People v.
Densmore (1873) i Thomp. & C. 280.
Sale of surplus water. 1889, chap. 291, § 18, amended
1890, chap. 314. Szveet v. Syracuse (1891) 129 N. Y.
316, 27 N. E. 1081, 29 N. E. 289.
Canton.
Jurisdiction of justice of the peace. 1845, chap. 192,
Constitutional Statutes — Topical. 89
amended 1859, chap. 70; 1870, chap. 263. People ex rel.
Sinkler v. Terry (1888) 108 N. Y. i, 14 N. E. 815.
Cemeteries.
Acquisition of land for, may be hmited. 1902, chap.
73. Palmer v. Hickory Grove Cemetery (1903) 84 App.
Div. 600, 82 N. Y. Supp. 973.
Removal. 1893, chap. 352. Went v. Methodist Pro-
testant Church (1894) 80 Hun, 266, 30 N. Y. Supp. 157,
affirmed in (1896) 150 N. Y. 577, 44 N. E. 1129.
Chenango County.
Powers of special county judge. 1852, chap. 73, § 2.
People V. Main (1859) 20 N. Y. 434.
Children.
State should provide for their protection. 1876, chap.
122. Re Donohue (1876) 52 How. Pr. 251.
Citizens.
Discrimination between residents and nonresidents.
Penal Code, § 441. People v. Lowndes (1892) 130 N.
Y. 455, 29 N. E. 751.
Civil Service.
Application of statute under new Constitution. 1883,
chap. 354. Chittenden v. Wurster (1897) 152 N. Y.
345, 37 L- R- A. 809, 46 N. E. 857.
Bi-partisan board. 1883, chap. 354, § i, amended
1884, chap. 410. Rogers v- Buffalo (1890) 123 N. Y.
173, 9 L. R. A. 579, 25 N. E. 274.
Veterans. 1887, chap. 464. Re Wortman (1888) 22
Abb. N. C. 137, 2 N. Y. Supp. 324; Re Sullivan (1890)
55' Hun, 285, 8 N. Y. Supp. 401.
Veterans, preferences, removals. 1899, chap. 370, §§
20, 21. Stutzhach v. Coler (1901) 168 N. Y. 416, 61 N.
E. 697.
Veterans, prisons, removals. 1889, chap. 382, § 30,
90 Constitutional History of New York.
subsec. 2. People ex rel. GrifRn v. Lathrop (1894) 142
N. Y. 113, 36 N. E. 805.
Veterans, removal, mandamus. 1902, chap. 270,
amending civil service law, 1899, chap. 370, § 21. People
er rel. Kenny v. Folks (1903) 89 App. Div. 171, 85 N. Y.
Supp. 1 100.
Clinton.
Water supply. 1885, chap. 17. Water Comrs. v.
Dwight (1885) loi N. Y. 9, 3 N. E. 782.
Code of Remedial Justice.
Jurisdiction of superior court. 1876, chap. 448, § 263,
subsec. 2. Gemp v. Pratt (,1877) 7 Daly, 197.
Cohoes.
Defective sidewalks. 1881, chap. 183. McNally v.
Cohoes (1889) 53 Hun, 202, 6 N. Y. Supp. 842, affirmed
in (1891) 127 N. Y. 350, 27 N. E. 1043.
Recorder's jurisdiction. 1880, chap. 456, § 29. Re
Bayard (1881) 25 Him, 546.
Commerce.
Hellgate pilots. 1865, chap. 115, par. 3. People v.
S perry (1867) 50 Barb. 170.
Imported fish or game. 1902, chap. 194, §, 141, and
1900, chap. 20. People v. A. Booth & Co. (1905) 105
App. Div. 184, 93 N. Y. Supp. 425.
Lotteries, prohibiting sale of tickets in this state, i
Rev. Stat. 666, § 29 (i Edm. 618). People v. Noelkc
(1883) 94 N. Y. 137, 46 Am. Rep. 128.
Steamboat privilege. 1787, chap. 57; 1798, chap. 55;
1803, chap. 94; 1807, chap. 165; 1808, chap. 225; 181 1,
chap. 200. Livingston v. Van Ingen (1812) 9 Johns,
507; North River S. B. Co. v. Livingston (1825) 3 Cow.
713. See Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) 9 Wheat, i, 6 L. ed.
23-
Constitutional Statutes — Topical. 91
Comptroller's Deed.
Presumptive evidence of regularity. 1850, chap. 183.
Hand v. Ballou (1855) 12 N. Y. 541.
Contracts.
Municipal, determined by repeal of statute. 1866,
chap. 730. Richmond County Gaslight Co. v. Middle-
town ( 1874) 59 N. Y. 228.
Coming.
Police justice. 1852, chap. 53! Sill v. Corning ( 1857)
15 N. Y. 297.
Corporations.
Additional burdens. 1867, chap. 479, amended 1880,
chap. 19, § 16. New York, L. E. & W. R. Co. v. Dun^
kirk (1892) 65 Hun, 494, 39 N. E. 494, affirmed in
(1894) 143 N. Y. 659. 1874, chap. 648. People ex rel.
Kimball v. Boston & A. R. Co. ( 1877) 70 N. Y. 569.
Amendment of charter. 1869, chap. 902. People v.
Globe Mut. L. Ins. Co. (1880) 60 How. Pr. 82. 1884,
chap. 252, § 18. Re New York Cable Co. (1886) 40
Hun, I.
Boards of trade. 1886, chap. 333. Reynolds v. Plum-
bers' Material Protective Asso. (1900) 30 Misc. 709, 63
N. Y. Supp. 303.
Business. 1881, chap. 551, § 2. People ex rel. Clau-
son v. Newburgh & S. PI. Road Co. (1881) 86 N. Y. i.
By-laws. 1867, chap. 754. Matthews v. Associated
Press (1893) 136 N. Y. 333, 32 Am. St. Rep. 741, 32
N. E. 981.
Charter not affected by subsequent constitutional
amendment. 1884, chap. 588. Harper v. Brooklyn Elev.
R. Co. N. Y. Daily Reg. September 9, 1885.
Dissolution in Herkimer county. 1852, chap. 361.
Walker v. Grain (1853) 17 Barb. 119; Story v. Furman
(1862) 25 N. Y. 214.
92 Constitutional History of New York.
Fall Brook Coal Company. 1873, chap. 139. Fall
Brook Coal Co. v. Lynch (1874) 47 How. Pr. 520.
Franchise tax. 1880, chap. 542, amended 1881, chap.
361 ; 1885, chap. 501. People v. New York Floating Dry
Dock Co. (1883) 92 N. Y. ^^y; People v. Home Ins. Co.
(1883) 92 N. Y. 328, affirmed in (1886) 119 U. S. 129,
30 L. ed. 350, 8 Sup. Ct. Rep. 1385 ; People ex rel. Piatt
V. Wemple (1889) 117 N. Y. 136, 6 L. R. A. 303, 2 In-
ters. Com. Rep. 735, 22 N. E. 1046; People ex rel. Dun-
kirk, A. Valley & P- R. Co. y. Campbell (1893) 74 Hun,
210, 26 N. Y. Supp. 832.
Fraudulent bankruptcies. 1825, chap. 325. People ex
rel. Israel v. Tibbets (1825) 4 Cow. 384; Bank of Co-
lumbia V. Atty. Gen. (1829) 3 Wend. 588.
Knickerbocker Savings Institution. 1851, chap. 100.
United States Trust Co. v. Brady (1855) 20 Barb. 119.
Lockport & Niagara R. R. Co. 1850, chap. iii. Ho-
sier V. Hilton (1853) 15 Barb. 657.
Municipal aid. 1871 , chap. 269, § i. Shepherd's
Fold V. New York (1884) 96 N. Y. 137.
New York & Oswego Midland R. R. Co., local law.
1883, chap. 21. Wilcox v. Baker (1897) 22 App. Div.
299, 47 N. Y. Supp. 900.
Organization tax. 1886, chap. 143. New York ex rel.
Schurs V. Cook (1893) 148 U. S. 397, 37 L. ed. 498, 13
Sup. Ct. Rep. 645, affirming (1888) no N. Y. 443, 18
N. E. 113.
Panama Railroad Company. 1849, chap. 284. Free-
man V. Panama R. Co. (1876) 7 Hun, 122.
Preferred stock. 1893, chap. 688, § 47, amended 1901,
chap. 354. Hinckley v. Schwarzschild & S. Co. (1905)
107 App. Div. 470, 95 N. Y. Supp. 357.
Protestant Episcopal Charity School in New York au-
'onstitutional Statutes — Topical. 93
[lorized to receive certain property. 1806, chap. 52. Re
lew York Protestant , Episcopal Public School (1864)
I N. Y. 574.
■Reducing stock. 1872, chap. 634. Joslyn v. Pacific
iail S. S. Co. (1872) 12 Abb. Pr. N. S. 329.
Repeal of charter. 1857, chap. 495. Ft. Plain Bridge
lo. V. Smith ( 1864) 30 N. Y. 44. 1886, chaps. 268, 310.
"eople V. O'Brien (1888) iii N. Y. i, 2 L. R. A. 255,
' Am. St. Rep. 684, 18 N. E. 692.
Special act. 1855, chap. 545. People v. Bowen (i860)
II N. Y. 517. 1866, chap. 576; 1867, chap. 708; 1869,
:hap. 902. Re Atty. Gen. v. North America L. Ins. Co.
;i88o) 82 N. Y. 172. 1873, chap. 531 ; 1874, chap. 448.
ke Prospect Park & C.I. R. Co. (1876) 67 N. Y. 372.
Summary proceedings to set aside elections, i Rev.
5tat. 603, § 5 (i Edm. 560). Re Newcomh (1891) 42
ST. Y. S. R. 442, 18 N. Y. Supp. 16.
Telegraph. 1853, chap. 471, amending 1848, chap.
265. Dusenbury v. Mutual Union Teleg. Co. (1882)
[I Abb. N. C. 440, 64 How. Pr. 206.
bounty Court.
Jurisdiction. 1847, chap. 280, § 30. Beecher v. Al-
len (1849) 5 Barb. 169; Frees v. Ford (1852) 6 N. Y.
176.
Jurisdiction, actions commenced in justice's court.
Code Proc. § 60. Cook v. Nellis (1858) 18 N. Y. 126.
Jurisdiction, foreclosure. Code Proc. § 30. Hall v.
Nelson (1856) 23 Barb. 88; Arnold v. Rees (1858) 18
Nf. Y. 57.
Jurisdiction in partition. Code Proc. § 30. Double-
day V. Heath (1857) 16 N. Y. 80.
County Judge.
In newr county. 1838, chap. 332. People v. Morrell
(1839) 21 Wend. 563.
94 Constitutional History of New York.
Powers. 1847, chap. 280, § 27. People v. Hurlbutt
(1865) 44 Barb. 126,
Counties and Towns.
Erection of, Colonie. 1895, chap. 975. Fort v. Cum-
mings (1895) 90 Hun, 481, 36 N. Y. Supp. 36.
Erection of, Westchester annexation. 1895, chap.
934. People ex rel. Henderson v. Westchester County
(189s) 147 N. Y. I, 30 L. R. A. 74, 41 N. E. 563.
Court of Appeals.
Limiting appeals in actions for personal injury. 1896
chap. 559, amending Code Civ. Proc. § 191. Croveno v.
Atlantic Ave. R. Co. (1896) 150 N. Y. 225, 44 N. E.
968; Sciolina v. Erie Preserving Co. (1896) 151 N. Y.
50, 45 N. E. 371.
Future right may be limited. Code Proc. § 282.
Grover v. Coon (1848) i N. Y. 536.
Quorum. 1847, chap. 280, § 6. Oakley v. Aspinwall
(1850) 3N. Y. 547.
Crimes.
Bribery, competency of witness. Penal Code, § 79.
People V. Sharp ( 1887) 107 N. Y. 427, i Am. St. Rep.
851, 14 N. E. 319.
Confinement of convict. Code Crim. Proc. §§ 491,
492. McElvaine v. Brush (1891) 142 U. S. 155, 35 L.
ed. 971, 12 Sup. Ct. Rep. 156, affirming (1891) 125 N.
Y. 596, 26 N. E. 929.
Conviction of lesser degree. 2 Rev. Stat. 702, § 27
(2 Edm. 725). People v. Didien (1859) 17 How. Pr.
224.
Habitual criminals. 1873, chap. 357. People v. Mc-
Carthy (1873) 45 How. Pr. 97.
Indeterminate sentence. Penal Code, § 6870. People
ex rel. Clark v. Sing Sing Prison (1902) 39 Misc. 113,
78 N. Y. Supp. 907.
Constitutional Statutes — Topical. 95
Indictment for fraud. Penal Code, § 718, subsec. 5.
People V. Martin (1883) 2 N. Y. Crim. Rep. 51.
Jury viewing scene of crime. Code Crim. Proc. § 41 1.
People V. Thorn (1898) 156 N. Y. 286, 42 L. R. A. 368,
SO N. E. 947.
Perjury, how punished. Penal Code, § 106. People
V. Hayes (1894) 140 N. Y. 484, 23 L. R. A. 830, 37 Am.
St. Rep. 572, 3SN. E. 951.
Place of punishment, penitentiaries. 1874, chap. 209.
Brown v. People (1878) 75 N. Y. 437.
Place of trial. 2 Rev. Stat. 727, § 50 (2 Edm. 751).
Mack V. People (1880) 82 N. Y. 235.
Procedure; amending indictment. Code Crim. Proc
§§ 6, 7, 275, 281, 293-295. People V. Johnson (1887)
104 N. Y. 213, 10 N. E. 690; People v. Herman (1887)
45 Hun, 175.
Procedure, counsel for defendant. Code Crim. Proc.
§ 308. People ex rel. Acritelli v. Grout (1903) 87 App.
Div. 193, 84 N. Y. Supp. 97.
Punishment, when statute may be retroactive. 1892,
chap. 662, amending Penal Code. People v. Hayes
(1894) 140 N. Y. 484, 23 L. R. A. 830, 37 Am. St. Rep.
572, 35 N. E. 951.
Rights of accused, ex parte affidavit. Code Crim.
Proc. § 8, subsec. 3. People v. Williams (1885) 35
Hun, 516; People v. Fish (1891) 125 N. Y. 136, 26 N.
E. 319.
Suspension of sentence. 1893, chap. 279, amending
Penal Code, § 12. People ex rel. Forsyth v. Court of
Sessions (1894) 141 N. Y. 288, 23 L. R. A. 856, 36 N.
E. 386.
Twice in jeopardy, new trial after reversal. Code
Crim. Proc. §§ 464, 543. People v. Palmer (1888) 109
N. Y. 413, 4 Am. St. Rep. 477, 17 N. E. 213.
Uniformity of punishment not required. 1887, chap.
96 Constitutional History of New York.
17, amending 1881, chap. 187. People ex rel. Duntz v.
Coon (1893) 67 Hun, 523, 22 N. Y. Supp. 865.
Vagrants, i Rev. Stat. 632, §1(1 Edm. 585). Re
Forbes (i860) 19 How. Pr. 457.
Criminal Action.
Challenges to jurors. 1872, chap. 475. Stokes v.
People (1873) 53 N. Y. 164, 13 Am. Rep. 492. 1872,
chap. 475; 1873, chap. 427. People ex rel. Tweed v.
Liscomh (1875) 3 Hun, 760, reversed without consider-
ing constitutionality of statute in (1875) 60 N. Y. 559,
19 Am. Rep. 211 ; Weston v. People (1875) 6 Hun, 140;
People V. Tweed (iSyy) ir Hun, 195.
Commitment for nonpayment of costs. ' 1877, chap.
387, § 48. People ex rel. Staudacher v. Webb (1878)
16 Hun, 42.
Expenses of defendant's counsel. 1873, chap. 712.
People ex rel. Saunders v. Erie (1875) i Sheldon, 517.
Practice on appeal. 1897, chap. 427, amending Code
Crim. Proc. § 529. People v. Lyons (1898) 29 App.
Div. 174, 51 N. Y. Supp. 811.
Dairy Products.
Adulteration. 1885, chap. 183. People \. Hill (1887)
44 Hun, 472; People v. Arensberg (1887) 105 N. Y.
123, 59 Am. Rep. 483, 11 N. E. 277; People v. Wa-
terbury (1887) 44 Hun, 493, 9 N. Y. S. R. 5; People
V. West (1887) 106 N. Y. 293, 60 Am. Rep. 452, 12 N.
E. 610; People V. Kibler (1887) 106 N. Y. 321, 12 N.
E. 795; Waterbury v. Egan (1893) 3 Misc. 355, 23 N.
Y. Supp. 115. 1893, chap. 338, amended 1900, chap,
loi. People v. Hills (1901) 64 App. Div. 584, 72 N.
Y. Supp. 340.
Dansville.
Water supply. 1873, chap. 285. People ex rel.
Constitutional Statutes — Topical. 97
Faulkner v. Dansville (1874) 4 Thomp. & C. 87, i Hun,
593-
Death.
Damages for causing. 1870, chap. 78, amending
1847, chap. 450. Cornwall v. Mills (1878) 12 Jones &
S. 45-
Deposit;
Legal notices, local law. 1858, chap. 17, § 6. More
V. Deyoe (1880) 22 Hun, 208.
Distress for Rent.
Abolished. 1846, chap. 274. Stocking v. Hunt
(1846) 3 Denio, 274; Guild v. Rogers (1850) 8 Barb.
502; Van Rensselaer v. Snyder (1855) 13 N. Y. 299;
Conkey v. Hart (1856) 14 N. Y. 22.
Dogs.
Vicious, may be ordered killed, recovery of penalties.
1896, chap. 680, amending county law, §§ 125, 127.
People ex rel. Renshaw v. Gillespie ( 1898) 25 App. Div.
91, 48 N. Y. Supp. 882.
Duelling.
Prohibited. 1816, chap. i. Re Oaths of Attorneys
(1823) 20 Johns. 492; Barker v. People (1824) 3 Cow.
686, 1 5 Am. Dec. 322.
Dunkirk.
Electric lighting system. 1888, chap. 29. Hequem-
bourg V. Dunkirk (1888) 49 Hun, 550, 2 N. Y. Supp.
447-
Ejectment
Judgment in. 1861, chap. 221. Bay v. Gage (1862)
36 Barb. 447.
Vol. V. Const. Hist. — 7.
98 Constitutional History of New York.
Elections.
Closing polls. 1882, chap. 410, § 1843. ^^ Thirty-
Second Election District (1888) 18 N. Y. S. R. 785, 3
N. Y. Supp. 107.
Election districts. 1865, chap. 365, title 9, § 18. Peo-
ple ex rel. Lardner v. Carson (1898) 155 N. Y. 491, 50
N. E. 292.
Election law, secretary of state to publish compilation
of laws, registration books, etc. 1896, chap. 909, §§ 19,
36. People ex rel. Weed-Parsons Printing Co. v. Palm-
er (1896) 18 Misc. 103, 41 N. Y. Supp. 878.
Ratification. 1874, chap. 329. People v. Flanagan
(1876) 66N. Y. 237.
Registration of voters. 1872, chap. 575, §§ 12, 13.
People ex rel. Dailey v. Livingston (1880) 79 N. Y.
279.
Electrocution.
Legislature may change mode of inflicting death pen-
alty. 1888, chap. 489, amending Code Crim. Proc. Peo-
ple ex rel. Kemmler v. Durston (1890) 119 N. Y. 569,
7 L. R. A. 715, 16 Am. St. Rep. 859, 24 N. E. 6, appeal
for writ of error denied in (18^0) 136 U. S. 436, 34 L.
ed. 519, ID Sup. Ct. Rep. 930.
Elmira Reformatory.
Changing plan of construction. 1874, chap. 323.
Lord V. Thomas (1876) 64 N. Y 107.
Ejninent Domain.
Appraisal, second report conclusive. 1883, chap. 336,
§ 9. Re State Reservation (1885) 37 Hun, 537, appeal
dismissed in (1888) 102 N. Y. 734, 7 N. E. 916.
Appraisers. 1847, chap. 31. Cruger v. Hudson River
R. Co. (1854) 12 N. Y. 190.
Compensation. 1869, chap. 850. H anion v. West-
chester County ( 1870) 57 Barb. 383. 1874, chap. 287.
Constitutional Statutes — Topical. 99
Long Island R. Co. v. Bennett (1877) ^^ Hun, 91. 1884,
chap. 522. Re New York (1885) 99 N. Y. 569, 2 N. E.
642. 1892, chap. 603. Swikehard v. Michels (1894)
81 Hun, 325, 29 N. Y. Supp. yyy, 30 N. Y. Supp. 1135.
1897, chap. 378, § 1439. Connolly v. Van Wyck (1901)
35 Misc. 746, 72 N. Y. Supp. 382.
Compensation, certain streets in New York. 2 Rev.
Laws, 409, § 178. Re I2ph Street (1878) 56 How. Pr.
60.
Compensation, review of award. 1890, chap. 568, §
89. People ex rel. Hanford v. Thayer (1895) 88 Hun,
136, 34 N. Y. Supp. 592; Re De Camp (1897) 151 N.
Y- 557, 45 N. E. 1039.
Drainage. 1869, chap. 888. Re Ryers (1878) 72 N.
Y. I, 28 Am. Rep. 88.
Foreign corporations. 1855, chap. 296. Morris
Canal & Bkg. Co. v. Townsend (1857) 24 Barb. 658.
affirmed in (1868) 39 N. Y. 171.
Forest preserve. 1897, chap. 220. People v. Adiron-
dack R. Co. (1899) 160 N. Y. 225, 54 N. E. 689.
Highways, compensation, i Rev. Stat. 519, § 89 (i
Edm. 478). Chapman v. Gates (1873) 54 N. Y. 132.
Judgment hen may be abohshed. 1843, chap. 169.
Watson V. New York C. R. Co. (,1872) 47 N. Y. 157.
Legislature may determine quantity of estate to be
taken. 1864, chap. 547. Sweet v. Buffalo, N. Y. & P.
R. Co. (1879) 79 N. Y. 293.
Notice. 1865, chap. 553. Ireland v. Rochester
(1868) 51 Barb. 416. 1885, chap. 26, amended 1888,
chap. 449. Re Oneida Street (1899) 37 App. Div. 266,
55 N. Y. Supp. 959. 1885, chap. 131. Re Amsterdam
(1891) 126 N. Y. 158, 27 N. E. 272.
Piers in East river. 1867, chap. 945. Roosevelt v..
Godard (1868) 52 Barb. 533.
lOO Constitutional History of New York.
Piers in New York. 1862, chap. 487. Roosevelt v.
Godard (1868) 52 Barb. 533.
Public use. 1870, chap. 757. BloomHeld & R. Nat-
ural Gaslight Co. v. Richardson (1872) 63 Barb. 437.
Public use, streams as highways. 1896, chap. 338. Re
Burns (1898) 155 N. Y. 23, 49 N. E. 246.
Railroads. 1826, chap. 253. Blood good v. Mohawk
& H. R. R. Co. (1837) 14 Wend. 52, (1837) 18 Wend.
9, 31 Am. Dec. 313. 1831, chap. 43. Beekman v. Sara-
toga & S. R. Co. (1831) 3 Paige, 45, 22 Am. Dec. 679.
1836, chap. 242. Watson v. New York d R. Co. (1872)
47 N. Y. 157. 1850, chap. 142, §§ 13, 14, etc. Buffalo
& N. Y. C. R. Co. V. Brainard (1853) 9 N. Y. 100.
1867, chap. 489. Story v. New York Elev. R. Co.
(1882) II Abb. N. C. 236.
Railroads, commissioner's second report conclusive.
1850, chap. 140. Re Prospect Park & C. I. R. Co.
(1881) 85 N. Y. 489.
Railroads, compensation, i860, chap. 513. Sixth
Ave. R. Co. V. Kerr (1878) 72 N. Y. 330. 1864, chap.
582, § 4. Ulster & D. R. Co. v. Gross (1883) 31 Hun,
Railroads in village streets. 1854, chap. 383. Bos-
ton & A. R. Co. V. Greenhush (1872) 5 Lans. 461, af-
firmed in (1873) 52 N. Y. 510.
Railroads, preliminary survey. 1834, chap. 249, § 9.
Polly V. Saratoga & W. R. Co. (1850) 9 Barb. 449.
Railroads, public land. 1850, chap. 140, §§ 25, 49.
Saunders v. New York C. & H. R. R. Co. (1894) 144
N. Y. 75, 26 L. R. A. 378, 43 Am. St. Rep. 729, 38 N.
E. 992.
Second taking. 1886, chap. 335, § 5. Re Brooklyn
{1894) 143 N. Y. 596, 26 L. R. A. 270, 38 N. E. 983.
United States may condemn land. 1876, chap. 147;
1879, chap. 345; 1880, chap. 65; 1881, chap. 61; 1882,
Coiistitutional Statutes — Topical. . loi
;hap. 387; 1882, chap. 410; 1883, chap. 214. Re United
States (1884) 96 N. Y. 227. '
Water companies. 1857, chap. 156, § 9. Re Malone
Waterworks Co. (1891) 38 N. Y. S. R. 95, 15 N. Y.
Supp. 649. I
Water, compensation, notice. 1866, chap. 347, amend-
ed 1879, chap. 85. Re Middletown (1880) 82 N. Y.
196.
Escheated Land.
General law, two-thirds vote not necessary. 1833,
chap. 300, amended 1834, chap. 37; quyre. Englishbe
V. Helmuth (1850) 3 N. Y. 294.
Evidence.
Comparison of handwriting. 1888, chap. 555, amend-
ing 1880, chap. 36, § 2. People v. Molineux (1901)
168 N. Y. 264, 62 L. R. A. 193, 61 N. E. 286.
Elxcise.
Cancelation of license. 1873, chap. 549. People ex
rel. Presmeyer v. Police & Excise Comrs. (1874) 59 N.
Y. 92.
Civil damages. 1873, chap. 646. Baker v. Pope
(1874) 5 Thomp. & C. 102, 2 Hun, 556; Franklin v.
Schermerhorn (1876) 8 Hun, 112; Bertholf v. O'Reilly
(1878) 74 N. Y. 509, 30 Am. Rep. 323.
Drinking on premises, effect of, as evidence of viola-
tion of license. 1857, chap. 628, § 11. Board of Excise
v. Merchant (1886) 103 N. Y. 143, 57 Am. Rep. 705,
8 N. E. 484.
License, i Rev. Stat. 680, § 15 (i Edm. 633). In.
gersoll V. Skinner (1845) i Denio, 540; People v. Hunt-
ington (1846) 4 N. Y. Legal Obs. 187.
License may be revoked. 1896, chap. 112. Kresser
V. Lyman ( 1896) 74 Fed. 765.
Liquor law. 1855, chap. 231. People v. Quant
I02 Constitutional History of New York.
(1855) 12 How. Pr. 83. Contra, Wynehamer v. Peo-
ple (1856) 13N. Y. 378.
Liquor tax certificate may be canceled. 1896, chap.
112, § 28, subsec. 2, amended 1897, chap. 312. Re Liv-
ingston (1897) 24 App. Div. 51, 48 N. Y. Supp. 989;
Re Lyman (1899) 46 App. Div. 387, 61 N. Y. Supp.
884, affirmed in (1900) 163 N. Y. 552, 57 N. E. 11 15.
Premises, legislature may regulate use of. 1896, chap.
1 12, § 31, subsec. e. People ex rel. Bassett v. City Prison
(1896) 6 App. Div. 520, 39 N. Y. Supp. 582.
Revenue, how distributed. 1896, chap. 112. People
ex rel. Einsfeld v. Murray ( 1896) 149 N. Y. 367, 32 L.
R. A. 344, 44 N. E. 146.
Saving clause. 1892, chap. 401. People v. Maxwell
(1894) 83 Hun, 157, 31 N. Y. Supp. 564.
Execution.
Exemptions. 1842, chap. 157. Morse v. Goold
(1854) II N. Y. 281, 62 Am. Dec. 103.
Fish and Game.
Fishing, legislature may limit right of. 1886, chap.
141. People V. Doxtater (1894) 75 Hun, 472, 27 N. Y.
Supp. 481.
Game, possession regulated. 1871, chap. 721, §§ 7, 8,
33. Phelps V. Racey (1875) 60 N. Y. 10, 19 Am. Rep.
140.
Game law, fines and penalties, to whom paid. 1893,
chap. 573, amending 1892, chap. 448, §§ 238, 240. Peo-
ple ex rel. Huntington v. Crennan (1894) 141 N. Y. 239,
36 N. E. 187.
In certain counties. 1861, chap. 173. • People v. Reed
(1866) 47 Barb. 235.
Flatbush.
Sewer system. 1889, chap. 161. Van Brunt v. Flat-
bush (1891) 128 N. Y. 50, 27 N. E. 973.
Constitutional Statutes — Topical. 103
Free Press.
Publishing notice of lotteries, i Rev. Stat. 666, § 28
(i Edm. 618). Hart v. People (1882) 26 Hun, 396.
Gambling.
Bets on horse races. 1895, chap. 570. People ex rel.
Sturgis V. Fallon (1897) 152 N. Y. i, 37 L. R. A. 419,
46 N. E. 302; People ex rel. Lawrence v. Fallon (1897)
152 N. Y. 12, 37 L. R. A. 227, 57 Am. St Rep. 492, 46
N. E. 296.
Playing policy. Penal Code, § 344a. People ex rel.
Wilson V. Flynn (1902) 72 App. Div. 67, 76 N. Y. Supp.
293; People V. Adams (1903) 85 App. Div. 390, 83 N.
Y. Supp. 481.
Poolselling. 1895, chap. 372, amending Penal Code,
§ 351. People ex rel. Weaver v. Van De Carr (1896)
150 N. Y. 439, 44 N. E. 1040. Penal Code, § 351. Peo-
ple ex rel. Clifton v. De Bragga (1902) 73 App. Div.
579' 77 N. Y. Supp. 7; People v. Stedeker (1902) 75
App. Div. 449, 78 N. Y. Supp. 316.
Gaslight Companies.
Meter rents prohibited. 1890, chap. 566, § 69. 5m/-
falo v.. Buffalo Gas Co. (1903) 81 App. Div. 505, 80
N. Y. Supp, 1093.
Gloversville.
Excise commissioners. 1873, chap. 505, § 51. Glov-
ersville V. Howell (1877) 70 N. Y, 287.
Guilford.
Adjustment of certain claims, 1852, chap. 8. Guil-
ford V. Chenango County (1855) 13 N. Y. 143.
Highways.
Animals running at large, i Rev, Stat. 340, 341, §
5, subsec, II (i Edm. 314). GrifUn v. Martin (1849)
7 Barb. 297 ; Hardenburgh v. Lockwood ( 1856) 25 Barb.
I04 Constitutional History of New York.
9, oveiTuling Tonawanda R. Co. v. Munger (1848) 5
Denio, 255, 49 Am. Dec. 239.
Automobiles. 1903, chap. 625. People v. MacWil-
liams (1904) 91 App. Div. 176, 86 N. Y. Supp. 357.
Bicycle paths. 1900, chap. 640, amending 1899, chap.
152. Ryan v. Preston ( 1901 ) 59 App. Div. 97, 69 N. Y.
Supp. 100.
Change of grade. 1903, chap. 610, adding § iia to
highway law. Re Borup (1905) 102 App. Div. 262, 92
N. Y. Supp. 624.
Damages. 1847, chap. 455, § 23, amending 1845,
chap. 181. Clark v. Miller (1874) 54 N. Y. 528.
Discontinuance. 1884, chap. 187, amended 1884,
chap. 546. Weinckie v. New York C. & H. R. R. Co.
(1891) 39 N. Y. S. R. 584, IS N. Y. Supp. 689, affirmed
in (1892) 133 N. Y. 656, 31 N. E. 625.
Herkimer and Middleville highway. 1846, chap. 244.
Smith v. Helmer (1849) 7 Barb. 416.
In several towns and villages. 1873, chap. 323. Peo-
ple ex rel. Weeks v. Queens County (1879) 18 Hun, 4,
(1880) 82N. Y. 275.
In two or more towns. 1892, chap. 493. Treanor v.
Eichhom (1893) 74 Hun, 58, 26 N. Y. Supp. 314; Citi-
zens' Sav. Bank v. Greenburgh (1903) 173 N. Y. 215,
65 N. E. 978.
Liability of towns. 1881, chap. 700. Bidwell v.
Murray (1886) 40 Hun, 190; Taylor v. Constable
(1891) 57 Hun, 371, 40 N. Y. S. R. 60, 10 N. Y. Supp.
607, affirmed in (1892) 131 N. Y. 597, 30 N. E. 63.
Queens county, borrowing money for. 1896, chap.
178, § 69. Dunton v. Hume (1897) 15 App. Div. 122,
44 N. Y. Supp. 305.
Streams as highways, Deer river. 1903, chap. 565.
Re Wilder ( 1904) 90 App. Div. 262, 85 N. Y. Supp. 741.
Constitutional Statutes — Topical. 105
Husband and Wife.
Witnesses. 1867, chap. 887. Southwick v. South-
wick (1872) 49 N. Y. 510.
Uion.
Police justice. 1854, chap. 127, §§ 7, 8. Brandon \.
Avery (i860) 22 N. Y. 469.
Imprisonment for Debt.
Abolished. 1831, chap. 300, §§ i, 2. Frost v. Bris-
bin (1837) 19 Wend. 11, 32 Am. Dec. 423.
Indian Lands.
Summary removal of trespassers. 1821, chap. 204.
New York ex rel. Cutler v. Dibble (1858) 21 How. 366,
16 L. ed. 149, affirming (1857) ^6 N. Y. 203.
Indian Reservations.
Highways on. 1841, chap. 166. Fellows v. Dennis-
ton (1861) 23 N. Y. 420.
Infant's Estate.
Legislature may direct sale. 18 14, chap. 78; 1815,
chap. 89; 1816, chap. 56. Cochran v. Van Surlay (1838)
20 Wend. 365, 32 Am. Dec. 570; Towle v. Forney
(1856) 14 N. Y. 423; Williamson v. Suydam (1867)
6 Wall. 723, 18 L. ed. 967. 1853, chap. 442. Leggett
V. Hunter (1850) 19 N. Y. 445. 1872, chap. 479. Eb-
ling v. Dreyer (1896) 149 N. Y. 460, 44 N. E. 155.
1890, chap. 276. Re Field (1891) 42 N. Y. S. R. 815,
17 N. Y. Supp. 19, affirmed in (1892) 131 N. Y. 184,
30 N. E. 48.
Injunction.
Limiting jurisdiction of superior court. 1867, chap.
956, § 9. Burnham v. Acton ( 1868) 35 How! Pr. 48.
Insanity Law.
Personal liberty may be restrained. 1896, chap. 545.
io6 Constitutional History of New York.
Parker v. Willard State Hospital (1900) 50 App. Div.
622, 63 N. Y. Supp. 1113; i?^ Walker (1900) 57 App.
Div. I, 67 N. Y. Supp. 647.
Insurance.
Changing domestic mutual fire insurance companies
to joint stock corporations. 1892, chap. 690, § 125,
amended 1896, chap. 850. Grebe v. Erie County Mut.
Ins. Co. (1899) 39 App. Div. 183, 57 N. Y. Supp. 290.
Fire insurance. 1853, chap. 466, § 13. Hyatt v.
Whipple (1862) 37 Barb. 595; Hyatt v. Esmond (1862)
2,7 Barb. 601.
Foreign companies. 1837, chap. 30; 1849, chap. 178;
1857, chap. 548. Fire Department v. Noble (1854) 3
E. D. Smith, 440; Fire Department v. Wright (1854)
3 E. D. Smith, 453. 1865, chap. 694, amended 1875,
chap. 60. People v. Fire Asso. (1883) 92 N. Y. 311,
44 Am. Rep. 380.
Foreign fire companies, agents must give bonds. 1879,
chap. 153. Fire Department v. Ogden (1879) 59 How.
Pr. 21.
Foreign life companies, premium rebates prohibited.
1889, chap. 282. People v. Formosa (1892) 131 N. Y.
478, 27 Am. St. Rep. 612, 30 N. E. 492.
General act. 1849, chap. 308. Union Ins. Co. v.
Hoge (1858) 21 How. 35, 16 L. ed. 61.
Insolvent companies. 1862, chap. 412. Sands v.
Kimbark (1863) 27 N. Y. 147; Sands v. Tillinghast
(1863) 24 How. Pr. 435.
Life companies. 185 1, chap. 95. People v. Imlay
(1855) 20 Barb. 68.
Mutual companies, policy holders subject to legislative
control. 1896, chap. 850, amending insurance law, §
125. Grobe v. Erie County Mut. Ins. Co. (1899) 39
App. Div. 183, 57 N. Y. Supp. 290.
Constitutional Statutes — Topical. 107
Mutual companies, receivers' powers. 1852, chap. 71.
Hyatt V. McMahon (1857) 25 Barb. 457.
Proceeding for accounting, application limited. 1892,
chap. 690, § 56. Swan v. Mutual Reserve Fund Life
Asso. (1898) 155 N. Y. 9, 49 N. E. 258.
Reciprocity, foreign companies. 1875, chap. 60. Fire
Asso. V. New York (1886) 119 U. S. no, 30 L. ed. 342,
7 Sup. Ct. Rep. 108, affirming (1883) 92 N. Y. 311, 44
Am. Rep. 380.
Interest.
Rate reduced. 1879, chap. 538. Morley v. Lake
Shore & M. S. R. Co. (1892) 146 U. S. 162, 36 L. ed.
925, 13 Sup. Ct Rep. 54, affirniing (1884) 95 N. Y.
428, 667.
Jamaica.
Town hall, local law. 1894, chap. 146. Jamaica v.
Denton (1895) 70 N. Y. Supp. 837.
Jury.
Commissioners in certain counties. 1901, chap. 602.
Allison V. Welde (1902) 172 N. Y. 421, 65 N. E. 263.
People's challenges. 1858, chap. 332, § i. Walter v.
People (1865) 32 N. Y. 147.
Special commissioners and jurors. 1896, chap. 378.
People V. Dunn (1899) 157 N. Y. 528, 43 L. R. A. 247,
52 N. E. 572; People v. Meyer (1900) 162 N. Y. 357,
56 N. E. 758.
Justices' Courts.
In cities (Rochester). 1861, chap. 158. Dawson v.
Horan (1868) 51 Barb. 459.
Jurisdiction, jury of six. 1849, c^^P- 438. People ex
rel. Metropolitan Bd. of Health v. Lane (1869) 55 Barb.
168. 1861, chap. 158. Knight v. Campbell (1872) 62
Barb. 16.
io8 Constitutional History of New York.
Justices of the Peace.
In cities. 1870, chap. 25. Ostrander v. People
(1883) 29 Hun, 513.
In new county. 1823, chap. 138, § 3. Ex parte
M'Collum (1823) I Cow. 550.
Vacancies. 1875, chap. 166. Re Eliott (1886) 6 N.
Y. S. R. 8.
When office may be aboHshed. 1886, chap. 335, § 7.
Gertum v. Kings County (1888) 109 N. Y. 170, 16 N.
E. 328.
Justices of Sessions.
Legislature may designate, i860, chap. 16. Nelson
V. People (1861) 23 N. Y. 293.
Kings County.
Cancelation of assessments. 1881, chap. 689. Lang
V. Kiendl (1882) 27 Hun, 66; Spencer v. Merchant
(1888) 125 U. S. 345, 31 L. ed. 763, 8 Sup. Ct. Rep.
921, affirming (1885) 100 N. Y. 585, 3 N. E. 682.
Clerk, salaried office. 1901, chap. 704. McGrath v.
Grout (1902) 171 N. Y. 7, 63 N. E. 547.
Detectives. 1896, chap. 772. People ex rel. Dee v.
Backus (1896) II App. Div. 147, 42 N. Y. Supp. 899,
affirmed in (1897) ^53 N. Y. 686, 48 N. E. 1106.
Inebriates' Home. 1877, chap. 169, § 4, amending
1872, chap. 687, § I. White v. Inebriates' Home (1894)
141 N. Y. 123, 35 N. E. 1092.
Judicial sales. 1876, chap. 439. Kerrigan v. Force
(1877) 68 N. Y. 381.
Register, salaried office. 1901, chap. 706. McGrath
V. Grout (1902) 171 N. Y. 7, 63 N. E. 547.
Sheriff, salaried office. 1901, chap. 705. McGrath
V. Grout (1902) 171 N. Y. 7, 63 N. E. 547.
Labor.
Employer's liability. 1902, chap. 600. Gmaehle v.
CqnstitutioncU Statutes — Topical. 109
Rosenberg (1903) 83 App. Div. 339, 82 N. Y. Supp.
366.
Hours may be regulated. 1891, chap. 105, § 504.
People V. Warren (1894) yy Hun, 120, 28 N. Y. Supp.
303; People ex rel. Warren v. Beck (1894) 10 Misc. yy,
30 N. Y. Supp. 473, reversed without considering consti-
tutionahty of statute, in (1894) 144 N. Y. 225, 39 N.
E. 80.
Union labels. 1889, chap. 385. Perkins v. Heert
(1899) 158 N. Y. 306, 43 L. R. A. 858, 70 Am. St. Rep.
483, 53 N. E. 18.
Wages on public work. 1899, chap. 567, amending §
3, 1897, chap. 415. Ryan v. New York (1904) 177 N.
Y. 271, 69 N. E. 599.
Wages on state work. 1889, chap. 380. Clark v.
State (1894) 142 N. Y. loi, 36 N. E. 817.
Leases.
Grantee of reserved rents. 1805, chap. 98. Van
Rensselaer v. Hays (1859) 19 N. Y. 68, 75 Am. Dec.
278; Van Rensselaer v. Ball (1859) 19 N. Y. 100.
Legislature.
Apportionment. 1892, chap. 397. People ex rel.
Carter v. Rice (1892) 135 N. Y. 473, 16 L. R. A. 836,
31 N. E. 921.
Apportionment, Westchester annexation. 1895, chap.
934. People ex rel. Field v. New York (1895) 89 Hun,
460, 35 N. Y. Supp. 817.
Clerk. 1876, chap. 193. People ex rel. Kene v. 01-
cott (1877) II Hun, 610.
Ley, J. & Son.
Relief of. 1857, chap. 14. Brewster v. Syracuse
(1859) 19N. Y. 116.
no Constitutional History of New York.
Liberty.
Committee of insane persons. Code Civ. Proc. §
2323, etc. Re Walker (1900) 57 App. Div. i, 67 N. Y.
Supp. 647.
Lockport.
Assessments. 1873, chap. 387, § 18. Works v. Lock-
port (1882) 28 Hun, 9.
Bonds on improvement contracts. 1886, chap. 120,
§ 207. Wilson V. Whitmore (1895) 92 Hun, 466, 36
N. Y. Supp. 550.
Justices of the peace. 1886, chap. 120, § 76. Gould
V. Mahaney (1899) 39 -^PP- I^'v. 426, 57 N. Y. Supp.
363-
Long Island City.
Flushing avenue. 1878, chap. 410, amended 1880,
chap. 318; 1881, chap. 326. Re Woolsey (1884) 95 N.
Y. 135-
Highways. 1830, chap. 56. People ex rel. Herrick
V. Smith (i860) 21 N. Y. 595.
Local court. 1871, chap. 461. Harris v. People
(1875) 59N. Y. 599.
Water rents. 1886, chap. 656. People ex rel. Flower
V. Bleckwenn (1889) 55 Hun, 169, 7 N. Y. Supp. 914,
affirmed in (1891) 129 N. Y. 637, 29 N. E. 1031.
Manied Women.
Property rights regulated. 1849, chap. 375, amend-
ing 1848, chap. 200. Sleight v. Read (1854) 18 Barb.
159; Blood V. Humphrey (1854) 17 Barb. 660; Thurber
V. Townsend (i860) 22 N. Y. 517.
Mechanics' Liens.
In certain counties. 1852, chap. 384. Blauvelt v.
Woodworth (1865) 31 N. Y. 285. 1854, chap. 402.
Glacius V. Black (1876) 67 N. Y. 563.
Constitutional Statutes — Topical. iii
Jurisdiction of supreme court. 1885, chap. 342. Boyd
V. Stewart (1893) 30 Abb. N. C. 127, 24 N. Y. Supp.
830.
Trial without jury. 1885, chap. 342. Riggs v. Shan-
non (1891) 27 Abb. N. C. 456, 44 N. Y. S. R. 365;
Schillinger Fire-Proof Cement & Asphalt Co. v. Arnott
(1897) 152 N. Y. 584, 46 N. E. 956.
Medical Society.
Expulsion of member, i Rev. Stat. 452, §3(1 Edm.
399). Re Smith (1833) 10 Wend. 449.
Militia.
Action against officer, security for costs. 1898, chap.
212, § 14. McLaughlin v. Kipp (1903) 82 App. Div.
413, 81 N. Y. Supp. 896.
Commutation tax. 1851, chap. 180. People ex rel.
Scott V. Chenango (1853) 8 N. Y. 317.
Disbandment. 1883, chap. 299, § 7. People ex rel.
Leo V. Hill (1891) 126 N. Y. 497, 27 N. E. 789.
Exemptions. 1854, chap. 398, § 15; 1865, chap. 612,
§ I. People ex rel. Cunningham v. Roper (1866) 35
N. Y. 629.
Judgments, how enforced. 1870, chap. 80, § 214.
People ex rel. Underwood v. Daniell (1872) 50 N. Y.
274.
Monopolies.
Prohibited. 1897, chap. 383. Re Atty. Gen. (1897)
22 App. Div. 285, 47 N. Y. Supp. 883.
Monroe and Seneca Counties.
Treasurers. 1875, chap. 605, amended 1879, chap. 213.
Seneca County v. Allen (1885) 99 N. Y. 532, 2 N. E.
459-
Mortgages.
Foreclosure. 1842, chap. 277. James v. Stull (1850)
112 Constitutional History of New York.
9 Barb. 482, affirmed in (1852) Selden's Notes, pt. i,
p. 6.
Redemption. 1838, chap. 266. Butler v. Palmer
(1841) I Hill, 324.
Mount Vemon.
Police justice. 1887, chap. 544, title 5, § i. People
ex rel. Lynch v. Duify (1888) 49 Hun, 276, i N. Y.
Supp. 896.
Sewers. 1892, chap. 182, § 181. People ex rel. Win-
Held V. Bruning (1895) 89 Hun, 124, 3^^ N. Y. Supp.
1048.
Municipal Corporations.
Actions against. 1875, chap. 49. People v. Tweed
(1875) 63 N. Y. 202; People v. Tweed (1877) 11 Hun,
195-
Assessments. 1863, chap. 196. Howell v. Buffalo
(1867) 37 N. Y. 267.
Bonds. 1878, chap. 317. Hills v. Peekskill Sav.
Bank (1886) loi N. Y. 490, 5 N. E. 327.
Contracts for street improvements. 1895, chap. 805,
§ 26, amending 1891, chap. 105, § 397. People ex rel.
Bullv. Buffalo (1900) 52 App. Div. 157, 65 N. Y. Supp.
163, affirmed in (1901) 166 N. Y. 604, 59 N. E. 1128.
Hackmen. 1902, chap. 506. People ex rel. Van Har-
der y.. Sewer, Water, & Street Commission (1904) 90
App. Div. 555, 86 N. Y. Supp. 445.
Implied power, ordinances. 1869, chap. 834. Car-
thage V. Frederick (1890) 122 N. Y. 268, 10 L. R. A.
178, 19 Am. St. Rep. 490, 25 N. E. 480.
Limitation of indebtedness. 1892, chap. 358. Roch-
ester V. Quintard (1892) 136 N. Y. 221, 32 N. E. 760.
Ordinances. 1894, chap. 28, § 9, amending 1880,
chap. 14, § 40, subsec. 21. Rochester v. West (1900)
Constitutional Statutes — Topical. 113
164 N. Y. 510, 53 L. R. A. 548, 79 Am. St. Rep. 659,
58 N. E. 673.
Peddler's license. 1870, chap. 291, title 3, § 3. Balls-
ton Spa V. Markham (1890) 58 Hun, 238, 11 N. Y.
Supp. 826.
Postponing payment of damages. 1870, chap. 291,
title 7, § 5. Allen v. Northville (1886) 39 Hun, 240.
Proceedings on opening streets. 1867, chap. 360, §
25. Re Livingston Street (1880) 82 N. Y. 621.
Railroad aid. 1869, chap. 75. Cumines v. Jefferson
County (1872) 63 Barb. 287. 1869, chap. 907, amended
1871, chap. 925. People ex rel. Doty v. Henshaw (1870)
61 Barb. 409; Clark v. Sheldon (1887) 106 N. Y. 104,
12 N. E. 341 ; Brownell v. Greenwich (1889) 114 N. Y.
518, 4 L. R. A. 685, 22 N. E. 24.
Ratifying contracts. 187 1, chap. 5, § i. Brown v.
New York (1875) 63 N. Y. 239.
Ratifying proceedings. 1875, chap. 2. Tiift v. Buffa-
lo (1880) 82 N. Y. 204.
Sidewalks. 1870, chap. 291, title 3, § 4. Richter v.
New York (1898) 24 Misc. 613, 54 N. Y. Supp. 150.
Taxation for local purposes. 1870, chap. 137, § 77.
Re Zborowski (1877) 68 N. Y. 88.
New Civil Divisions.
Capital police district. 1865, chap. 554, amended 1866,
chap. 483. People ex rel. McMullen v. Shepard (1867)
36 N. Y. 285.
Metropolitan police district. 1857, chap. 569. Peo-
ple ex rel. Wood v. Draper (1857) 15 N. Y. 532.
Metropolitan sanitary district. 1866, chap. 74, amend-
ed 1866, chap. 686. Cooper v. Schultz (1866) 32 How.
Pr. 107; Coe V. Schultz (1866) 47 Barb. 64; Reynolds
V. Schultz (1866) 34 How. Pr. 147; Metropolitan Bd. of
Health v. Heister (1868) 37 N. Y. 661.
Vol. V. Const. Hist.— 8.
114 Constitutional History of New York.
New Utrecht
Lighting system. 1891, chap. 59. Parfitt v. Furgii-
son (1899) 159 N. Y. Ill, S3 N. E. 707.
New York.
Actions against city. 1882, chap. 410, § 1103. Get-
man V. New York (1892) 66 Hun, 236, 21 N. Y. Supp.
116.
Additional compensation of judges. 1852, chap. 374,
§ 7. People ex ret. Morris v. Edmonds (1853) 15 Barb.
529-
Aldermen. 1878, chap. 400, amending 1873, chap.
335> § 4- People ex rel. Angerstein v. Kenney (1884)
96 N. Y. 294.
Aldermen, minority representation. 1873, chap. 757,
§ 4, amending 1873, chap. 335, § 4. People ex rel. Dem-
urest V. Farley (1884) i How. Pr. N. S. 71.
Almshouse. 18 18, chap. 244. Hey ward v. New York
(1852) 7N. Y. 314.
Assessments. 1859, chap. 302. Re Roberts (1879)
17 Hun, 559, affirmed in (1880) 81 N. Y. 63.
Assessments for local improvements. 2 Rev. Laws,
409, § 178. Re Roberts (1879) 17 Hun, 559, affirmed in
(1880) 81 N. Y. 63. 1872, chap. 580. Re Mayer (1872)
50 N. Y. 504; Re Delancey ( 1873) 5^ N. Y. 80; Lennon
V. New York (1874) 55 N. Y. 361 ; Astor v. New York
(187s) 62 N. Y. 580; Re Kendall (1881) 85 N. Y. 302.
Amended 1874, chap. 313. Eno v. New York (1877)
68 N. Y. 214.
Assistant aldermen, office abolished. 1873, chap. 335.
Demarest v. Wickham (1875) 67 Barb. 2i'^2, ^ Hun, 627,
affirmed in (1875) 63 N. Y. ^20; Demarest v. New York
(1878) 74 N. Y. 161.
Board of estimate and apportionment. 1873, chap.
Constitutional Statutes — Topical. 115
335, § 112, amended 1873, chap. 757, § 20; 1873, chap.
779, § I. Townsend v. New York (1879) 7^ N. Y. 542.
Board of fire underwriters. 1867, chap. 846. New
York Fire Underwriters v. Metropolitan Lloyds (1895)
II Misc. 646, 33 N. Y. Supp. 547, affirmed in (1895)
87 Hun, 619 ; New York Fire Underwriters v. Whipple
(1896) 2 App. Div. 361, 37 N. Y. Supp. 712.
Board of health. 1882, chap. 410, § 599; qucere.
Sbarboro v. Health Department (1898) 26 App. Div.
177, 49 N. Y. Supp. 1033.
Board of revision. 1861, chap. 308. Re Tappan
(1869) 54 Barb. 225; Re Volkening (1873) 52 N. Y.
650; Re Roberts (1880) 81 N. Y. 6i;Re Lester (1880)
21 Hun, 130.
Bulkheads. 1875, chap. 249. People v. Baltimore &
0. R. Co. (1889) 117 N. Y. 150, 22 N. E. 1026.
Central park. 1867, chap. 697. Re Central Park
(1872) 63 Barb. 282, appeal dismissed in (1872) 50 N.
Y. 493; Fearing v. Irwin (1874) 55 N. Y. 486.
Central park commissioners. 1865, chap. 565. Re
Central Park (1868) 51 Barb. 277. 1866, chap. 367.
Re Knaust (1886) loi N. Y. 188, 4 N. E. 338.
Chief of police, office abolished. 1901, chap. 33. Peo-
ple ex rel. Devery v. Coler (1903) 173 N. Y. 103, 65 N.
E. 956.
Commissioners of accounts. 1884, chap. 516. Re
McAdam (1889) 27 N. Y. S. R. 352, 7 N. Y. Supp. 454.
Commissioner of jurors. 1873, chap. 335. People
ex rel Taylor v. Dunlap (1876) 66 N. Y. 162.
Commissioner of records. 1855, chap. 407. People
ex rel. Kingsland v. Palmer (1873) 52 N. Y. 83.
Common pleas, jurisdiction. 1873, chap. 239, § i.
People ex rel. Ryan v. Green (1874) 58 N. Y. 295;
Darragh v. McKim (1874) 2 Hun, 337.
ii6 Constitutional History of New York.
Contracts for expenditures. 1853, chap. 217. People
ex rel. M'Spedon v. Stout (1856) 13 How. Pr. 314.
Croton aqueduct. 1872, chap. 872. Re Upson (1882)
89 N. Y. 67.
Croton aqueduct board. 1849, chap. 187, § 15. People
ex rel. Bradley v. Stevens (1869) 51 How. Pr. 103.
Croton aqueduct contracts. 1863, chap. 227. Bdd-
%vin V. New York (1865) 45 Barb. 359, affirmed in
(1867) 2 Keyes, 387.
Croton dam. 1883, chap. 490. New York v. Wright
(1890) 34 N. Y. S. R. 904, 12 N. Y. Supp. 20; Re Gil-
roy (1898) 32 App. Div. 216, 52 N. Y. Supp. 990.
Croton water. 1873, chap. 335. Hill v. Thompson
(1882) 16 Jones &S. 481.
Damages on change of street grade. 1893, chap. 537.
People ex rel. Purdy v. Fitch (1895) 147 N. Y. 355, 41
N. E. 695.
Detective bureau. 1901, chap. 466, § 290. Sugden
V. Partridge (1903) 174 N. Y. 87, 66 N. E. 655.
Disorderly persons. 1833, chap. 11, par. 7. Duffy v.
People (1841) I Hill, 355 (1843) 6 Hill, 75.
District courts. 1870, chap. 741. People ex rel. Gris-
sler V. Dudley ( 1874) 58 N. Y. 323.
District court clerks. 1857, chap. 344, § 71. People
ex rel. Loew v. Batchelor (i860) 22 N. Y. 128.
District court, jury of six. 1857, chap. 344, § 3, sub-
sec. 2. People ex rel. Metropolitan Bd. of Health v.
Lane (1869) 55 Barb. 168.
Easements in streets, acquisition of. 1895, chap. 1006.
Re New York (1898) 157 N. Y. 409, 52 N. E. 1126.
Eastern boulevard. 1873, chap. 528. Re Leake & W.
Orphan Home (1883) 92 N. Y. 116.
Eighth avenue railroad extension. 1874, chap. 478.
Potter V. Collis ( 1897) 19 App. Div. 392, 46 N. Y. Supp.
471. affirmed in (1898) 156 N. Y. t6, 50 N. E. 413.
Constitutional Statutes — Topical. 117
Electrical conductors. 1887, chap. 716, § 4. United
States Illuminating Co. v. Grant (1889) 55 Hun, 222,
8 N. Y. Supp. 788.
Elevated railroad. 1875, chap. 595. Re New York
Elev. R. Co. {1877) 70 N. Y. 327.
Expenses of outside judges. 1893, chap. 104, amend-
ing 1882, chap. 410, § 1 109. People ex rel. Follett v.
Fitch (1895) 145 N. Y. 261, 39 N. E. 972.
Fees of oiificers. 1847, chap. 432. Conner v. New York
(1851) 5 N. Y. 285.
Fees of sheriffs and referees. 1869, chap. 569, § 4.
Richards v. Richards (1879) 76 N. Y. 186; Brady v.
Kingsland (1884) 67 How. Pr. 168.
Filing amended claims. 1898, chap. 205. People ex
rel. Grout v. StUlings (1902) 75 App. Div. 569, 78 N.
Y. Supp. 333.
Fire department. 1882, chap. 410, § 523. Fire De-
partment V. Stanton (1899) 159 N. Y. 225, 54 N. E. 28.
1901, chap. 466, § 722. People ex rel. Richmond Hook
& Ladder Co. No. 4 v. Grout (1903) 79 App. Div. 61,
79 N. Y. Supp. 1027.
Fire department, enabling act. 1888, chap. 89. Peo-
ple ex rel. Kellner v. New York (1893) 3 Misc. 131, 23
N. Y. Supp. 1060.
Fire examiners. 1874, chap. 547, § 8. Fire Depart-
ment V. Atlas S. S. Co. (1887) 106 N. Y. 566, 13 N. E.
329-
Frauds in assessments. 1858, chap. 338. Beekman's
Case (i860) 19 How. Pr. 518, 11 Abb. Pr. 164.
Fraudulent judgments. 1859, chap. 489, § 5. Sharp
V. New York (1859) 31 Barb. 572; Outwater v. New
York (i860) 18 How. Pr. 572; Joyce v. New York
(i860) 20 How. Pr. 439; Macomb er v. New York
(i860) 17 Abb. Pr. 35.
ii8 Constitutional History of New York.
General sessions. 1855, chap. 337. People v. McCann
(1857) 16 N. Y. 58, 69 Am. Dec. 642.
General and special sessions. 1840, chap. 311. Ex
parte Lynch (1841) 2 Hill, 45; People ex rel. Lynch v.
New York (1841) 25 Wend. 680; Morris v. People
(1846) 3 Denio, 382.
Harbor law. 1865, chap. 586, amending 1862, chap.
487, § 7. Tinken v. Stillwagon (1878) i N. Y. City Ct.
Rep. 390.
Harbor, sanitary regulation. 1875, chap. 604, amend-
ed 1884, chap. 414. New York v. Furgueson (1881) 23
Hun, 594; Ferguson v. Ross (1891) 126 N. Y. 459, 27
N. E. 954.
Harbor masters. 1819, chap. 18, § 35. Vanderhilt
V. Adams (1827) 7 Cow. 349. 1850, chap. 72. Ben/e-
dict V. Vanderhilt (1863) 25 How. Pr. 209.
Improvements. 1874, chap. 604. Re 138th Street
(1880) 60 How. Pr. 290, appeal dismissed in (1881) 61
How. Pr. 284; Re Public Parks (1881) 86 N. Y. 437.
Judges' salaries. 1841, chap. 276, § 4. Morris v. Peo-
ple (1846) 3 Denio, 382.
Judgments. 1871, chap. 583. Lewenthal v. New York
(1872) 5 Lans. S32, 61 Barb. 511.
Justice's court. 1848, chap. 153. Re Wakker (1848)
3 Barb. 162.
Juvenile Asylum, indenture of children. 1851, chap.
332, amended 1854, chap. 387; 1866, chap. 245. Peo-
ple ex rel. S plain v. New York Juvenile Asylum (1874)
2 Thomp. & C. 475, affirmed in (1874) 59 N. Y. 629.
Leases of piers. 1883, chap. 412, amending 1869,
chap. 277. New York v. Fulton Market Fishmongers'
Asso. (1886) 3 How. Pr. N. S. 491.
Lexington avenue. 1881, chap. 469. Re Lexington
Ave. (1883) 29 Hun, 303, affirmed in (1883) 92 N. Y.
629.
Constitutional Statutes — Topical. 119
Limitation of expenditures. 1871, chap. 583. Quinn
V. New York (1872) 63 Barb. 596, affirmed in (1873)
53 N. Y. 627.
Marine court. 1872, chap. 629. Anderson v. Reilly
(1876) 66 N. Y. 189; Camp v. Hallanan (1886) 42 Hun,
628. 1875, chap. 479. Feerick v. Conner (1880) 11 N.
Y. Week. Dig. 342. 1876, chap. 413. McDonald v.
New York (1884) 19 N. Y. Week. Dig. 513.
Markets. 1880, chap. 191. Re Cooper (1883) 28
Hun, 515, appeal dismissed in (1883) 93 N. Y. 507.
Mechanics' liens. 1851, chap. 513. Sullivan v. Brew-
ster (1853) 8 How. Pr. 207; Miller v. Moore (1853)
I E. D. Smith, 739; Hauptman v. Catlin (1859) 20 N.
Y. 247.
Municipal court. 1897, chap. 378. Re Schultes (1898)
33 App. Div. 524, 54 N. Y. Supp. 34 ; Irwin v. Metropoli-
tan Street R. Co. (1889) 38 App. Div. 253, 57 N. Y.
Supp. 21; Kantro v. Armstrong (1899) 44 App. Div.
506, 60 N. Y. Supp. 970; Worthington v. London Guar-
antee & Acci. Co. (1900) 164 N. Y. 81, 58 N. E. 102;
Routenberg v. Schweitzer (1900) 165 N. Y. 175, 58 N.
E. 880.
New York and Brooklyn bridge. 1875, chap. 300.
People ex ret. Murphy v. Kelly (1879) 76 N. Y. 475.
New York and Brooklyn bridge, changing Frankfort
St. 1877, chap. 165. Re New York & B. Bridge ( 1878)
72 N. Y. 527.
New York and Long Island bridge. 1892, chap. 411.
New York & L. I. Bridge Co. v. Smith (1896) 148 N.
Y. 540, 42 N. E. 1088.
New York and Long Island ferries. 1845, chap. 352.
Benson v. New York (1850) 10 Barb. 223.
Officer not to hold other office. 1873, chap. 335.
Billings v. New York (1877) 68 N. Y. 413.
I20 Constitutional History of New York.
Official newspaper. 1863, chap. 227; 1867, chap. 586;
1868, chap. 853. Re Aster (1872) 50 N. Y. 363.
Opening streets. 1893, chap. 660, amending consol.
act, § 992. Re New York (1895) 72 N. Y. Supp. 378.
Ordinances. 1873, chap. 335, art. 11, § 82. People
ex rel Cox v. Special Sessions Justices (1876) 7 Hun,
214. 1882, chap. 410, § 86. Jorgensen v. Squires (1895)
144 N. Y. 280, 39 N. E. 373.
Ordinances, wharves and piers. 2 Rev. Laws, 436, §
236. New York v. Ryan (1854) 2 E. D. Smith, 368.
Oyer and terminer. 2 Rev. Stat. 204, § 28 (i Edm.
213). Colt V. People (1842) i Park Crim. Rep. 611.
Park avenue and Harlem river improvement. 1892,
chap. 339. Tocci v. New York (1893) 73 Hun, 46, 25
N. Y. Supp. 1089.
Park police. 1887, chap. 262. People ex rel. Cline v.
Rohh (1891) 126 N. Y. 180, 27 N. E. 267.
Penal Code appHed. 1882, chap. 410, § 2143. People
V. O'Neil (1888) 109 N. Y. 251, 16 N. E. 68.
Piers. 1882, chap. 410, § 715. Re New York (1892)
135 N. Y. 253, 31 Am. St. Rep. 825, 31 N. E. 1043.
Pilots. 1857, chap. 243. Wilson v. McNamee (1880)
102 U. S. 572, 26 L. ed. 234, affirming (1878) 74 N. Y.
597-
Pilots, examination and license. 1853, chap. 467, §
9, amended 1854, chap. 19J. People ex rel. Sisco v. Pi-
lot Comrs. (1881) 23 Hun, 603.
Pilots, penalty for unauthorized service. 1853, chap.
467, § 29, amended 1857, chap. 243. Sturgis v. Spofford
(1871) 45N. Y. 446.
Places of public amusement. 1872, chap. 836. Wal-
lack V. New York (1875) 5 Thomp. & C. 310, 3 Hun, 84,
affirmed in (1876) 67 N. Y. 23.
Pneumatic tubes. 1868, chap. 842. Astor v. Arcade
Constitutional Statutes — Topical. 121
R. Co. (1889) 113 N. Y. 93, 2 L. R. A. 789, 20 N. E.
594-
Police clerk, salary. 1880, chap. 521. Cregier v. New
York (1882) II Daly, 171.
Police courts, i860, chap. 508; qumre. Williams v.
People (1862) 24 N. Y. 405. 1873, chap. 538. Coulter
V. Murray (1873) 4 Daly, 506; People v. Morgan
(1874) 5 Daly, 161, affirmed in (1874) 58 N. Y. 679;
People ex rel. Coyle v. Shenvood (1874) 4 Thomp. &
C. 34, I Hun, 272; Wenzler v. People (1874) 58 N. Y.
S16.
Police justice and city magistrates. 1895, chap. 601.
People ex rel. Thornton v. Hogan (1895) 14 Misc. 48,
35 N. Y. Supp. 226; Koch v. New York (1897) 152 N.
Y. 72, 46 N. E. 170; Stenson v. Koch (1897) 152 N.
Y. 87, 46 N. E. 176; Re Quinn (1897) 152 N. Y. 89,
46 N. E. 175 ; People ex rel. Public Charities & C. Comrs.
V. Cullen (1897) 153 N. Y. 629, 44 L. R. A. 420, 47 N.
E. 894.
Police justice, records of conviction in vagrancy. 1853,
chap. 183. Re Morris (1853) 2 Edm. Sel. Cas. 381, i
Park. Crim. Rep. 441.
Police relief fund. 1885, chap. 486. People ex rel.
Murray v. McClave (1886) 39 Hun, 511, affirmed in
(1886) 102 N. Y. 468, 7 N. E. 406.
Port wardens. 1857, chap. 405. Tinkham v. Tap-
scott (1858) 17 N. Y. 141.
Recognizance, summary judgment. 1861, chap. 333,
§ 3. People V. Quigg (1874) 59 N. Y. 83.
Removal of cause from district court to court of com-
mon pleas. 1857, chap. 344, § 3, subsec. 3. Johnson v.
Ackerson (1871) 3 Daly, 430.
Repayment of advances. 1872, chap. 9. New York
V. Tenth Nat. Bank (1888) iii N. Y. 446, 18 N. E. 618.
Review of assessments. 1885, chap. 311. People ex
122 Constitutional History of New York.
rel. Second Ave. R. Co. v. Coleman (1889) 21 N. Y. S.
R. 178, 4 N. Y. Supp. 417.
Salaries. 1871, chap. 583. Fellows v. New York
(1876) 8 Hun, 484.
Sanitary code. 1873, chap. 335. Polinsky v. People
(1878) 7^ N. Y. 65. 1901, chap. 466, § 1 172. People
V. Davis (1903) 78 App. Div. 570, 79 N. Y. Supp. 747.
Sheriff, salary estabhshed. 1890, chap. 523. New
York V. Gorman (1898) 26 App. Div. 191, 49 N. Y.
Supp. 1026.
Soldiers' monument. 1893, chap. 522. Parsons v.
Van Wyck (1900) 56 App. Div. 329, 67 N. Y. Supp.
1054.
Special sessions. 1870, chap. 383, § 49. People v.
Davis (1872) 61 Barb. 456. 1897, chap. 378, § 1406.
People V. Levy ( 1898) 24 Misc. 469, 53 N. Y. Supp. 643.
Storage of gunpowder. 1830, chap. 291, § 24. Foote
V. Fire Department (1843) 5 Hill, 99.
Streets. 1818, chap. 210. Detmold v. Drake (1871)
46 N. Y. 318; Hamersley v. New York (1874) 56 N. Y.
533-
Street improvement. 1850, chap. 84. Sun Mut. Ins.
Co. v. New York (1853) 8 N. Y. 241.
Summary examination of officers. 1897, chap. 378, §
1534. Re Leich (1900) 31 Misc. 671, 65 N. Y. Supp. 3.
Supreme court crier. 1882, chap. 410, § 11 16. Rick-
ettsv. New York (1884) 12 Daly, 504, 67 How. Pr. 320.
Surrogate's court. 1870, chap. 359. Re Bernstein
(^^77) 3 Redf. 20.
Taxes, i860, chap. 509. Devlin v. New York (1875)
63 N. Y. 8.
Taxes, assessments. 1873, chap. 779. Townsend v.
New York (1878) 16 Hun, 362, affirmed in (1879) yy
N. Y. 542. 1901, chap. 466, § 896, increasing or diminish-
Constitutional Statutes — Topical. 123
ing assessed valuation. People ex rel. Simpson v. Wells
(1905) 181 N. Y. 252, 73 N. E. 1025.
Tax levy, local law. 1869, chap. 876, § 11 ; 1870, chap.
382, § 3. Drake v. New York (1873) 7 Lans. 340; Sul-
livan V. Neiv York (1873) 53 N. Y. 652, 47 How. Pr.
491.
Tenement houses. 1901, chap. 555, amending 1901,
chap. 334. New York v. Herdje (1902) 68 App. Div.
370, 74 N. Y. Supp. 104.
Tidewater grants. 1857, chap. 763. People v. New
York & S. I. Ferry Co. (1877) 68 N. Y. 71.
Union Ferry company. 1882, chap. 259. Re Union
Ferry Co. (1885) 98 N. Y. 139.
Unsanitary buildings. 1895, chap. 567, § 569. Egan
V. Health Department (1897) 20 Misc. 38, 45 N. Y.
Supp. 325.
Vacating assessments. 1870, chap. 383, § 27. Re
Metropolitan Gaslight Co. (1881) 85 N. Y. 526.
Vagrancies, commitments. 1901, chap. 466, §§ 701-
712. People ex rel. Abrams v. Fox (1902) 77 App.
Div. 245, 79 N. Y. Supp. 56.
Volunteer fire department, insurance premiums. 1879,
chap. 89. Exempt Firemen's Benev. Fund v. Roome
(1883) 93 N. Y. 313, 45 Am. Rep. 217.
Washington bridge. 1890, chap. 249. Re Lorillard
(1891) 36 N. Y. S. R. 231, 13 N. Y. Supp. 83; People
ex rel. Everson v. Lorillard (1892) 135 N. Y. 285, 31
N. E. loii.
Water meters. 1870, chap. 383, § 13; 1871, chap.
574, § 5. Hill V. Thompson (1884) 18 Jones & S. 165.
Water supply. 1893, chap. 189. Kelley v. New York
(1895) 89 Hun, 246, 35 N. Y. Supp. 1109.
Widening Broadway. 1871, chap. 57. Re Broadway
(1872) 61 Barb. 483, affirmed in (1872) 49 N. Y. 150;
124 Constitutional History of New Yorki
Re Broadway (1872) 63 Barb. 572; Garrison v. New
York (1874) 21 Wall. 196, 22 L. ed. 612.
Nuisance.
Forbidden device used in fishing. 1883, chap. 317, §
2, amending 1880, chap. 591. Lawton v. Steele (1894)
152 U. S. 133, 38 L. ed. 385, 14 Sup. Ct. Rep. 499,
afifirming (1890) 119 N. Y. 226, 7 L. R. A. 134, 16 Am.
St. Rep. 813, 23 N. E. 878.
Notice of proceedings. 1885, chap. 270, § 3, subsec.
4. People ex rel. New York C. & H. R. R. Co. v. Board
of Health (1891) 58 Hun, 595, 12 N. Y. Supp. 561.
Obligation of Contracts.
Insolvent debtors, i Rev. Laws, 460. Mather v.
Bush (1819) 16 Johns. 233, 8 Am. Dec. 313; Jaques v.
Marquand (1826) 6 Cow. 497.
Jail liberties. 1798, chap. 91. Holmes v. Lansing
(1802) 3 Johns. Cas. 73.
Office.
Incumbent has no vested right. 1859, chap, 384, §
5. People ex rel. Wilbur v. Eddy (1870) 57 Barb. 593.
Term may be shortened. 1870, chap. 137. Long v.
New York (1880) 81 N. Y. 425.
Officers.
Appointment 1865, chap. 564. Astor v. New York
0875) 62 N. Y. 567. 1870, chap. 623, amended 1871,
chap. 674; 1872, chap. 500. People ex rel. Kilmer v.
McDonald (1877) 69 N. Y. 362. See (1875) 4 Hun.
187.
Bi-partisan board. 1897, chap. 108. Pearce v. Steph-
ens (1897) 18 App. Div. loi, 45 N. Y. Supp. 422.
Compensation may be altered. 1857, chap. 446. Phil-
lips V. New York (1857) i Hilt. 483.
Elections of statutory, subject to legislative control.
Constitutional Statutes — Topical. 125
1895, chap. 805, § 271, amending 1891, chap. 105. Peo-
ple ex rel. Ward v. Scheu (1901) 167 N. Y. 292, 60 N.
E. 650.
Exemption from liabiHty. 1881, chap. 457, § i. Biel-
ing V. Brooklyn (1890) 120 N. Y. 98, 24 N. E. 389.
Fees, when may be diminished. 1882, chap. 344. Peo-
ple ex rel. Gass v. Lee (1882) 28 Hun, 469.
Legahzing acts under statute inadvertently repealed.
1896, chap. 650. McKee Land & Improv. Co. v. Wil-
liams (1901) 63 App. Div. 553, 71 N. Y. Supp. 1141,
affirmed in (1903) 173 N. Y. 630, 66 N. E. 11 12.
New York fire department. 1865, chap. 249. People
V. Pinckney (1865) 32 N. Y. 377.
Reduction of salary. 182 1, chap. 240. People ex rel.
Woodworth v. Burrows (1858) 27 Barb. 89.
Sheriff may be member of appointing board. 1897,
chap. 108. Pearce v. Stephens (1897) ^^ App. Div. loi,
45 N. Y. Supp. 422.
Terms subject to legislative regulation. 1896, chap.
520. People ex rel. Stupp v. Kent (1903) 83 App. Div.
554, 82 N. Y. Supp. 172.
Transfer to new position. 1857, chap. 569. People
ex rel. McCune v. Board of Police (1859) 19 N. Y. 188.
Onondaga County Lands.
Settling disputes. 1797, chap. 51. Jackson ex dem.
Lepper v. Griswold (1809) 5 Johns. 139; Barker v. Jack-
son (1826) I Paine, 559, Fed. Cas. No. 989; Jackson
ex dem. Hart v. Lamphire (1830) 3 Pet. 280, 7 L. ed.
679.
Oyster Beds.
Protected in certain towns. 1868, chap. 734. People
V. Thompson (1883) 18 N. Y. Week. Dig. 145.
126 Constitutional History of New York.
Patents.
Patent-right note. 1877, chap. 65. Herdic v. Roess-
ler (1888) 109 N. Y. 127, 16 N. E. 198.
Paupers.
Indemnity against foreign. 2 Rev. Laws, 441, § 252.
Candler v. New York (1828) i Wend. 493, 500.
Plank Roads.
Abandonment. 1854, chap. 87. Heath v. Bannore
(1872) 50 N. Y. 302. 1854, chap. 271. People v. Fish-
kill & B. PI. Road Co. (1857) 27 Barb. 445. 1864, chap.
25. People ex rel. Mitchell v. Lawrence ( 1869) 54 Barb.
589-
Exemption from taxation may be withdrawn. 1899,
chap. 275, § 105. People ex rel. Cayadutta PI. Road Co.
V. Cummings (1900) 53 App. Div. 36, 65 N. Y. Supp.
581, reversed on other grounds (1901) 166 N. Y. no,
59 N. E. 703.
Extension of charter. 1876, chap. 135, amended 1879,
chap. 253. People ex rel. Clauson v. Newburgh &■ S.
PL Road Co. (1881) 86 N. Y. i.
Limiting use of. 1857, chap. 417. Seward v. Beach
(1859) 29 Barb. 239.
Tolls. 1876, chap. 435. Hathaway v. Tuttle (1881)
12 N. Y. Week. Dig. 240.
Police Justice.
Jurisdiction. 1867, chap. 260. Bocock v. Cochran
(1884) 32 Hun, 521.
Police Power.
Adulterated food products. 1893, chap. 661, § 41.
Crossman v. Lurman ( 1901 ) 57 App. Div. 393, 68 N. Y.
Supp. 311, affirmed in (1902) 171 N. Y. 329, 98 Am. St.
Rep. 599, 63 N. E. 1097, and in (1904) 192 U. S. 189,
48 L. ed. 401, 24 Sup. Ct. Rep. 234.
Constitutional Statutes — Topical. 127
Adulterated milk. 1884, chap. 202, § 13. People v.
Cipperly (1886) loi N. Y. 634, 4 N. E. 107, reversing
(1885) 37 Hun, 319.
Barbering on Sunday. 1895, chap. 823. People ex
rcl. Hobach v. Sheriff of Kings County (1895) ^3 Misc.
587, 35 N. Y. Supp. 19; People v. Havnor (1896) 149
N. Y. 19s, 31 L. R. A. 689, 52 Am. St. Rep. 707, 43 N.
E. 541.
Cemeteries. 2 Rev. Laws, 445, § 267. Coates v. New
York (1827) 7 Cow. 585.
Children, prohibiting exhibition of. Penal Code, §
292. People V. Ewer (1894) 141 N. Y. 129, 25 L. R.
A. 794, 38 Am. St. Rep. 788, 36 N. E. 4.
Destroying property to prevent spread of fire. 2 Rev.
Laws, 368, par. 81. Russell v. New York (1845) 2
Denio, 461.
Electric wires, removal of. 1899, chap. 405. Geneva
v. Geneva Teleph. Co. (1900) 30 Misc. 236, 62 N. Y.
Supp. 172.
Electrical subways. 1884, chap. 534; 1885, chap. 499;
1886, chap. 503; 1887, chap. 716. Western U. Teleg.
Co. V. New York (1889) 3 L. R. A. 449, 2 Inters. Com.
Rep. 533, 38 Fed. 552 ; New York ex rel. New York Elec-
tric Lines Co. v. Squire (1891) 145 U. S. 175, 36 L.
ed. 666, 12 Sup. Ct. Rep. 880, affirming (1888) 107 N.
Y. 593, I Am. St. Rep. 893, 14 N. E. 820; American
Rapid Teleg. Co. v. Hess (1891) 125 N. Y. 641, 13 L.
R. A. 454, 21 Am. St. Rep. 764, 26 N. E. 919.
Elevator charges. 1888, chap. 581. Budd v. New
York (1892) 143 U. S. 517, 36 L. ed. 247, 4 Inters. Com.
Rep. 45, 12 Sup. Ct. Rep. 468, affirming (1889) 117 N.
Y. I, 5 L. R. A. 559, 15 Am. St. Rep. 460, 22 N. E.
670, (1889) 117 N. Y. 621, 22 N. E. 682.
Excise. 1866, chap. 578. Metropolitan Bd. of Excise
128 Constitutional History of New York.
V. Barrie (1866) 34 N. Y. 657; Re De Vaucene (1866)
31 How. Pr. 289.
Fire escapes. 1881, chap. 687, § 2. Fire Department
V. Sturtevant (1884) 33 Hun, 407.
Grade crossings. 1892, chap. 353. Lehigh Valley R.
Co. V. Adam (1902) 70 App. Div. 427, 75 N. Y. Supp.
515, reversed on other grounds in (1903) 176 N. Y. 420,
68 N. E. 665.
Heating passenger cars. 1888, chap. 189, amending
1887, chap. 616. People v. New York, N. H. & H, R.
Co. (1890) 55 Hun, 409, 8 N. Y. Supp. 672, affirmed
in (1890) 123 N. Y. 635, 25 N. E. 953; New York, N.
H. & H. R. R. Co. V. New York (1896) 165 U. S. 628,
41 L. ed. 853, 17 Sup. Ct. Rep. 418, affirming (1894)
142 N. Y. 646, 37 N. E. 568.
Height of buildings. 1885, chap. 454. People ex ret.
Kemp V. D'Oench (1888) iii N. Y. 359, 18 N. E. 862.
Imitation butter. 1884, chap. 202, § 6. People v. Mc-
Gann (1884) 34 Hun, 358.
Manufacture of explosives. Penal Code, § 389,
amended 1900, chap. 494. People v. Lichtman (1901)
65 App. Div. 76, 72 N. Y. Supp. 511.
Milk cans. 1890, chap. 25, amending 1887, chap. 401.
Monroe Dairy Asso. v. Stanley (1892) 65 Hun, 163, 20
N. Y. Supp. 19. See doubt expressed in Bell v. Gaynor
(1895) 14 Misc. 334, 36 N. Y. Supp. 122.
Oleomargarine. 1902, chap. 385. People v. Meyer
(1903) 89 App. Div. 185, 85 N. Y. Supp. 834.
Place of amusement, equal privileges. Penal Code, §
383. People V. King (1888) no N. Y. 418, i L. R. A.
293, 6 Am. St. Rep. 389, 18 N. E. 245.
Plumbers, registration. 1892, chap. 602, amended
1893, chap. 66. People ex rel. Necham^us v. Cif-v Pris-
on (1895) 144 N. Y. 529, 27 L. R. A. 718, 39 N. E. 686.
Prohibiting public sale of uncooked meats on Sunday.
Constitutional Statutes — Topical. 129
1901, chap. 392, amending Penal Code, § 267. People
ex rel. Woodin v. Hagan (1901) 36 Misc. 349, 73 N,
Y. Supp. 564.
Real estate agents, unauthorized transactions. 1901,
chap. 128. Whiteley v. Terry (1903) 83 App. Div. 197,
& N. Y. Supp. 89. Followed in Charles v. Arthur
(1903) 84 N. Y. Supp. 284.
Rendering works. 1892, chap. 646. People v. Rosen-
berg (1893) 67 Hun, 52, 22 N. Y. Supp. 56, reversed
on other grounds in ( 1893) 138 N. Y. 410, 34 N. E. 285.
Second offense. Penal Code, § 688. People v. Price
(1889) 53 Hun, 185, 6 N. Y. Supp. 833, affirmed in
(189,0) 119 N. Y. 650, 23 N. E. 1 149; People v. Sickles
(1898) 156 N. Y. 541, 51 N. E. 288. See People v.
Raymond (1884) 96 N. Y. 38.
Tenement house. 1902, chap. 352, § 47, amending
1901, chap. 334. Tenement House Department v. Moes-
chen (1904) 179 N. Y. 325, 72 N. E. 231.
Unauthorized hospital. Penal Code, § 288. People
ex rel. Wagner v. Hagan ( 1900) 52 App. Div. 387, 65
N. Y. Supp. 120, affirmed in (1900) 165 N. Y. 607, 58
N. E. 109 1.
Vaccination of school children. 1893, chap. 661, §
200. Re Walters (1895) 84 Hun, 457, 32 N. Y. Supp.
322; Viemeister v. White (1904) 179 N. Y. 235, 72 N.
E. 97.
Veal, regulating use of, as food. 1902, chap. 30,
amending 1893, chap. 338. People v. Bishopp (1905)
106 App. Div. 266, 94 N. Y. Supp. 773.
Water in tenements. 1887, chap. 84, amending 1882,
chap. 410, § 663. Health Department v. Trinity Church
(1895) 145 N. Y. 32, 27 L. R. A. 710, 45 Am. St. Rep.
579. 39 N. E. 833.
Vol. V. Const. Hist. — 9.
130 Constitutional History of New York.
Poolselling.
Prohibited. 1887, chap. 479. Reilly v. Gray (1894)
77 Hun, 402, 28 N. Y. Supp. 811 ; Ludington v. Dudley
(1894) 9 Misc. 700, 61 N. Y. S. R. 115, 30 N. Y. Supp.
221.
Port Jervis.
Police justice. 1873, chap. 370. People ex rel. Cree-
gan V. Butcher (1874) 4 Thomp. & C. 391, 2 Hun, 156.
Port Warden.
Unlawful assumption of office. 1881, chap. 87. Cur-
tin V. People (1882) 26 Hun, 564, affirmed in (1882) 89
N. Y. 621.
Prisons.
Commutation for good behavior. 1886, chap. 21.
People ex rel. Willis v. Sage (1896) 11 App. Div. 4, 42
N. Y. Supp. 251.
Parole. 1901, chap. 260, amending 1899, chap. 382.
People ex rel. Clark v. Sing Sing Prison (1902) 39
Misc. 113, 78 N. Y. Supp. 907.
Private Property.
Sterling silver. Penal Code, § 364a. People v. Web-
ster (1896) 17 Misc. 410, 40 N. Y. Supp. 1 135.
Taxes, seizure of third person's property, i Rev. Stat.
398, § 2 (i Edm. 369). Pauly v. Wahle (1883) 29
Hun, 116; Hersee v. Porter (1885) 100 N. Y. 403, 3
N. E. 338.
Procedure.
Partition under void devise. 1853, chap. 238. Ward
v. Ward (1881) 23 Hun, 431.
Reference of long account. 1788, chap. 46, § 2. Ma-
lone V. Saints Peter & Paul's Church (1902) 172 N. Y.
269, 64 N. E. 961.
Constitutional Statutes — Topical. 13^
Revival of proceedings against assignee. 1872, chap.
838. Re Grove (1873) 64 Barb. 526.
Public Health.
Practice of medicine, excluding persons convicted of
felony. 1895, chap. 398, §§ 140, 153, amending 1893,
chap. ,661. Hawker v. New York (1898) 170 U. S.
189, 42 L. ed. 1002, 18 Sup. Ct. Rep. 573, affirming
(1897) 152 N. Y. 234, 46 N. E. 607.
Pulteney Estate.
Perpetuating testimony concerning title. 1821, chap.
19. Howard v. Moot (1876) 64 N. Y. 262.
Queens County.
Highways. 1872, chap. 285. People ex rel. Bur-
roughs v. Brinkerhoff ( 1877) 68 N. Y. 259.
Railroads.
Consolidation. 1886, chap. 163. Sandham v. Nye
(1894) 9 Misc. 541, 30 N. Y. Supp. 552.
Franchise in streets. 1861, chap. 324. Brooklyn City
& N. R. Co. v. Coney Island & B. R. Co. (1861) 35
Barb. 364.
Gates at street crossings. 1884, chap. 439, § 3. Peo-
ple V. Long Island R. Co. (1892) 134 N. Y. 506, 31
N. E. 873.
Grade crossings. 1890, chap. 565, § 62, as amended
1897, chap. 754. Re Boston & A. R. Co. (1901) 64
App. Div. 257, 72 N. Y. Supp. 32, affirmed in ( 1902) 170
N. Y. 619, 63 N. E. 1115.
Highway crossings. 1853, chap. 62. Albany North-
ern R. Co. V. Brownell (1862) 24 N. Y. 345; Boston &
A. R. Co. V. Greenhush (1873) 52 N. Y. 510.
Mileage books. 1895, chap. 1027, amended 1896,
chap. 835. Dillon v. Erie R. Co. (1897) 19 Misc. 116,
43 N. Y. Supp. 320; Purdy v. Erie R. Co. (1900) 162
132 Constitutional History of New York.
N. Y. 42, 48 L. R. A. 669, 56 N. E. 508; Horton v.
Erie R. Co. (1901) 65 App. Div. 587, 72 N. Y. Supp.
1018; Minor v. Erie R. Co. (1902) 171 N. Y. 566, 64
N. E. 454.
On salt lands. 1848, chap. 346, § 7. Parmelee v. Os-
wego & S. R. Co. ( 1850) 7 Barb. 599, affirmed in ( 1851 )
6 N. Y. 74.
Partial abandonment. 1889, chap. 236, amending
1874, chap. 430. People v. Ulster & D. R. Co. (1890)
58 Hun, 266, affirmed in (1891) 128 N. Y. 240, 28 N.
E. 635.
Public use. i860, chap. 513. People v. New York
(1861) 20 How. Pr. 144; People v. Kerr (1863) 27
N. Y. 188.
Railroad companies, contracts between. 1839, chap.
218, § I. People V. Brooklyn, F. & C. I. R. Co. (1882)
89 N. Y. 75.
Railroad law, application to existing companies. 1848,
chap. 140, § 42. Suydam v. Moore (1850) 8 Barb. 358;
Waldron v. Rensselaer & S. R. Co. (1850) 8 Barb. 390.
Rapid transit. 1875, chap. 606. Re New York Elev.
R. Co. (1877) 70 N. Y. 327; Re Gilbert Elev. R. Co.
(1877) 70 N. Y. 361 ; Spader v. New York Elev. R. Co.
(1877) 3 Abb. N. C. 467; i?e Union Elev. R. Co. (1889) ,
112 N. Y. 61, 2 L. R. A. 359, 19 N. E. 664. 1891, chap.
4, amended 1892, chap. 556; 1894, chaps. 528, 752; 1895,
chap. 519. Re Rapid Transit Comrs. (1892) 65 Hun,
63, 19 N. Y. Supp. 561 ; Sun Printing & Pub. Asso. v.
Nezv York (1897) 152 N. Y. 257, 37 L. R. A. 788, 46 N.
E. 499; March v. New York (1902) 69 App. Div. i,
74 N. Y. Supp. 630.
Ratification of city grant, i860, chap. 411. Wetmore
V. Law (i860) 34 Barb. 515.
Special act, fares. 1872, chap. 594. Parker v. Elmira,
C. & N. R. Co. (1901) 165 N. Y. 274, 59 N. E. 81.
Constitutional Statutes — Topical. 133
Subscription in foreign corripany. 1851, chap. 157.
White V. Syracuse & U. R. Co. (1853) 14 Barb. 559.
Tolls abolished. 1851, chap. 497. People v. New^
York C. R. Co. (1862) 24 N. Y. 485.
Use of other company's tracks. 1884, chap. 252, § 14.
Re Thirty-fourth Street R. Co. (1886) 102 N. Y. 343,
7 N. E. 172.
Use of streets. 1872, chap. 702. People ex rel. New
York & H. R. Co. v. Havemeyer. (1874) 4 Thomp. & C.
365, 47 How. Pr. 494.
Validating stock subscriptions. 1869, chap. 84, § 2.
New York & O. Midland R. Co. v. Van Horn (1874)
57 N. Y. 473.
Railroad Aid.
Albany. 1854, chap. 63. Benson v. Albany (1857)
24 Barb. 248.
Albany & Susquehanna R. R. Co. 1856, chap. 64.
Grant v. Courier ( 1857) 24 Barb. 232.
Bonds. 1 87 1, chap. 809. Thompson v. Perrine
(1880) 103 U. S. 806, 26 L. ed. 612.
Cayuga county. 1852, chap. 375. Starin v. Genoa
(1861) 23 N. Y. 439; Gould V. Sterling (1859) 29 Barb.
442.
Clerk acts judicially. 1870, chap. 794, amending
1866, chap. 398 and chap. 695. People ex rel. Roches-
ter v. Deyoe (1873) 2 Thomp. & C. 142.
Local law. 1866, chap. 398, § i ; 1871, chap. 298.
People ex rel. Akin v. Morgan (1873) 65 Barb. 473, re-
versed in (1874) 5S N. Y. 587, without considering the
question of local law.
Municipal bonds. 1868, chap. 571, § 7. Alvord v.
Syracuse Sav. Bank (1885) 98 N. Y. 599.
Municipal corporation may be represented in board of
directors. 1867, chap. 59, amending 1851, chap. 389.
134 Constitutional History of New York.
Miller v. State (1872) 15 Wall. 478, 21 L. ed. g8; Roch-
ester V. Branson (1871) 41 How. Pr. 78. See also
1865, chap. 181. People ex rel. McConvill v. Hills
(1866) 46 Barb. 340. The same case, holding act un-
constitutional, (1866) 35 N. Y. 449.
Powers of municipal corporations. 1864, chap. 402.
People ex rel. Albany & S. R. Co. v. Mitchell (1866) 35
N. Y. 551, affirming (1865) 45 Barb. 208.
Queensbury. 1867, chap. 919. Queensbury v. Cul-
ver (1873) 19 Wall. 83, 22 L. ed. 100.
Ratifying informal proceedings. 1864, chap. 402.
Duanesburgh v. Jenkins (1874) 57 N. Y. 177.
Ratifying irregular proceedings. 1874, chap. 638.
Rogers v. Smith (1875) 5 Hun, 475 ; Rogers v. Stephens
(1881) 86N. Y. 623.
Relief of certain towns. 1881, chap. 13, § 8. Harris
V. Niagara County (1884) 33 Hun, 279.
Rome. 1853, chap. 283. Bank of Rome v. Rome
(1858) 18N. Y. 38.
Rondout and Oswego company. 1866, chap. 648.
Rondout & O. R. Co. v. Deyo (1871) 5 Lans. 298.
Recognizance.
Entry of judgment. 1844, chap. 315, § 8. Gilder-
sleeve V. People (1850) 10 Barb. 35; People v. Quigg
(1874) 59N.Y. 83.
Religious Corporations.
New York City Baptist Mission Society authorized to
receive property. 1894, chap. 187; 1893, chap. 410.
New York City Baptist Mission Soc. v. Tabernacle Bap-
tist Church (1896) 17 Misc. 699, 41 N. Y. Supp. 513.
Protestant Episcopal churches, qualifications of elect-
ors. 1868, chap. 803. People ex rel. Sturges v. Keese
(1882) 27 Hun, 483.
Constitutional Statutes — Topical. 135
Sale of property. 1806, chap. 43, § 3. Reformed
Protestant Dutch Church v. Mott ( 1838) 7 Paige, 77.
Trustees. 1801, chap. 79, par. 4. Reformed Protes-
tant Dutch Church v. Mott (1838) 7 Paige, yy. 1875,
chap. 79. First Reformed Presby. Church v. Bowden
(1883) 14 Abb. N. C. 356, 16 N. Y. Week. Dig. 387.
Religious Freedom.
Belief in Divine healing does not excuse parent from
the duty of providing medical attendance for children.
Penal Code, § 288, subsec. i. People v. Pierson (1903)
176 N. Y. 201, 63 L. R. A. 187, 98 Am. St. Rep. 666,
68 N. E. 243.
Religious Meetings.
Disturbance of, jury trial. 1834, chap. 78. People
ex rel. Eckler v. Clark (1881) 23 Hun, 374.
Remedy.
Animals at large. 1867, chap. 814, amending 1862,
chap. 459. Pox v. Dunckel (1869) 55 Barb. 431; Mc-
Connell v. Van Aerman (1869) 56 Barb. 534; Squares
v. Campbell (1871) 60 Barb. 391; Campbell v. Evans
(1871) 45 N. Y. 356; Cook v. Gregg (1871) 46 N. Y.
439. See Jones v. Sheldon (1872) 50 N. Y. 477; Leav-
ittv. Thompson (1873) 52 N. Y. 62.
Attorney's lien. Code Civ. Proc. § 66. Re King
(1901) 168 N. Y. 53, 60 N. E. 1054.
Certiorari. Code Civ. Proc. § 2122. People ex rel.
Hill V. Wayne County (1888) 49 Hun, 476, 2 N. Y.
Supp. 555.
Code of procedure. 1848, chap. 379. Anonymous
(1848) I N. Y. Code Rep. 49, 2 Edm. Sel. Cas. 18.
Condemnation proceedings. Code Civ. Proc. § 3379.
Re St. Lawrence & A. R. Co. (1892) 66 Hun, 306, 21
N. Y. Supp. 131.
136 Constitutional History of New York.
Directing trial of specific questions. Code Civ. Proc.
§ 970. Eggers V. Manhattan R. Co. (1891) 27 Abb. N.
C. 463, 42 N. Y. S. R. 123, 18 N. Y. Supp. 181 ; Riggs
V. Shannon (1891) 27 Abb. N. C. 456, 44 N. Y. S. R.
365, 16 N. Y. Supp. 939; Underhill v. Manhattan R. Co.
(1891) 27 Abb. N. C. 478, 18 N. Y. Supp. 43.
Discharging debtor from imprisonment. 2 Rev. Stat.
II, 12 (2 Edm. 11-13). Donnelly v. Corbett (1852) 7
N. Y. 500.
Discovery of decedent's estate. Code Civ. Proc. §§
2706-2714. Re Curry (1881) 25 Hun, 321; Re Sea-
man (1882) 16 N. Y. Week. Dig. 118.
Execution against the person. 1886, chap. 672,
amending Code Civ. Proc. § 572. Kelly v. Brownlow
( 1886) 22 "Jones & S. 129.
Extending time to appeal. Code Proc. § 460. Burch
V. Newbury (1849) 4 How. Pr. 145.
Foreign corporation, action against. Code Civ. Proc
§ 1780. Robinson v. Oceanic Steam Nav. Co. (1889)
112 N. Y. 315, 2 L. R. A. 636, 19 N. E. 625; Anglo-
American Provision Co. v. Davis Provision Co. (1902)
169 N. Y. 506, 88 Am. St. Rep. 608, 62 N. E. 587, af-
firmed in (1903) 191 U. S. 373, 48 L. ed. 225, 24 Sup.
Ct. Rep. 92.
Joinder of legal and equitable actions. Code Proc. §
62. Phillips V. Gorham ( 1858) 17 N. Y. 270 ; New York
Ice Co. V. Northwestern Ins. Co. (1861) 23 N. Y. 357;
Lattinv. McCarthy (1869) 41 N. Y. 107.
Judgment by default in action against corporation.
Code Civ. Proc. § 1778. Moran v. Long Island City
(1886) loi N. Y. 439, 5 N. E. 80.
Judgment in action on lien. Code Civ. Proc. § 3412.
Hawkins v. Mapes-Reeve Constr. Co. (1903) 82 App.
Div. 72, 81 N. Y. Supp. 794; Steuerwald v. Gill (1903)
85 App. Div. 605, 83 N. Y. Supp. 396.
Constitutional Statutes — Topical. 137
Liability on sureties. Code Civ. Proc. § 758. Ran-
dall V. Sackett (1879) 77 N. Y. 480.
Partial abrogation, i860, chap. 396, repealing 1805,
chap. 98. Van Rensselaer v. Read ( 1863) 26 N. Y. 558.
Security for costs. Code Civ. Proc. § 3268. Venan-
zio V. Weir (1901) 64 App. Div. 483, 72 N. Y. Supp.
234-
Substituted service of summons. Code Civ. Proc. §
435. Continental Nat. Bank v. Thurber (1893) 74
Hun, 632, 26 N. Y. Supp. 956, affirmed in (1894) 143
N. Y. 648, 37 N. E. 828.
Substituting sureties on sheriff's indemnity bond.
Code Civ. Proc. §§ 1421-1425. Hessberg v. Riley
(1883) 91 N. Y. 377; Hein v. Davidson (1884) 96 N.
Y. 175, 48 Am. Rep. 612.
Summary judgment on undertaking for jail liberties.
Code Civ. Proc. § 162. Buttling v. Hatton (1897) 18
App. Div. 128, 45 N. Y. Supp. 720.
Surplus moneys in foreclosure and partition. Code
Civ. Proc. §§ 2798, 2799. Re Stilwell (1893) 139 N.
Y. 337. 34 N. E. 77.
Riots.
County liable for damages. 1855, chap. 428. Wolfe
V. Richmond County (i860) 19 How. Pr. 370; Luke v.
Brooklyn (1864) 43 Barb. 54, affirmed in (1867) 3
Keyes, 445 ; Davidson v. New York ( 1864) 27 How. Pr.
342; Darlington v. New York (1865) 31 N. Y. 164, 88
Am. Dec. 248; Moody v. Niagara County (1866) 46
Barb. 659, affirmed in ( 1867) 36 N. Y. 297 ; Eastman v.
New York (1868) 5 Robt. 389.
Rochester.
Approval of bonding act. 1851, chap. 389, §§ 285-
291. Clarke v. Rochester (1864) 28 N. Y. 605.
138 Constitutional History of New York.
Assessments. 1880, chap. 14. Re Hand Street
(1889) 55 Hun, 132, 8 N. Y. Supp. 610.
City hall. 1872, chap. 219, §§ 3, 4- People ex rel.
Hayden v. Rochester (1872) 50 N. Y. 525.
Discontinuance of improvement proceedings. 1880,
chap. 14. Schneider v. Rochester (1895) 90 Hun, 171,
35 N. Y. Supp. 786.
Drainage. 1880, chap. 14. Rochester v. Simpson
(1892) 134 N. Y. 414, 31 N. E. 871.
Grade crossings. 1880, chap. 147. Wilson v. New
York C. & H. R. R. Co. (1886) 2 N. Y. Supp. 65.
Justices of the peace. 1876, chap. 196. People ex
rel. White v. Rochester (1877) 11 Hun, 241.
Justices of the peace, office may be abolished. 1861,
chap. 143. People ex rel. White v. Rochester (1877)
II Hun, 241.
Parks. 1888, chap. 193, § 29. Re Rochester (1893)
137 N: Y. 243, 33 N. E. 320.
Street railroads, water supply. 1872, chap. 771. Peo-
ple ex rel. Rochester v. Briggs (1872) 50 N. Y. 553.
Water supply. 1875, chap. 39. Re Water Comrs.
(1876) 2 N. Y. Week. Dig. 416.
Sabbath.
Protection of. i860, chap. 501. People v. Hoym
(i860) 20 How. Pr. 76; Lindenmuller v. People (1861)
33 Barb. 548; Neuendorff v. Duryea (1877) 69 N. Y.
557-
Saratoga.
Street improvement. 1887, chap. 136. People ex
rel. Gage v. Lohnas (1889) 54 Hun, 604, 8 N. Y. Supp.
104.
Schenectady.
Defective sidewalks. 1882, chap. 294. Van Vranken-
v. Schenectady (1884) 31 Hun, 516.
Constitutional Statutes — Topical. 139
Schoharie Turnpike Road Company.
Sale of road. 1855, chap. 347. Clow v. Van Loan
(187s) 6 Thomp. & C. 458, 4 Hun, 184.
Schools.
District officers. 1867, chap. 353. People ex rel.
Board of Education v. Bennett (1867) 54 Barb. 480.
School law, submission to people sustained. 1849,
chap. 140. Johnson v. Rich (1851) 9 Barb. 680. The
contrary was held in Barto v. Himrod (1853) 8 N. Y.
483, 59 Am. Dec. 506.
Separate, for colored children in Buffalo. 1853, chap.
230, § 5. Dallas V. Fosdick (1869) 40 How. Pr. 249.
Separate, for colored children, general. 1864, chap.
555. Dallas V. Fosdick (1869) 40 How. Pr. 249; Peo-
ple ex rel. King v. Gallagher (1883) 93 N. Y. 438, 45
Am. Rep. 232. 1873, chap. 186; 1894, chap. 556, title
15, § 28. People ex rel. Cisco v. School Board (1900)
161 N. Y. 598, 48 L. R. A. 113, 56 N. E. 81.
Superintendent of public instruction, decision on ap-
peal conclusive. 1894, chap. 556, title 14, § i. People
ex rel. Underhill v. Skinner (1902) 74 App. Div. 58, 77
N. Y. Supp. 36.
Schuyler County.
Erection of. 1854, chap. 386. De Camp v. Eveland
(1854) 19 Barb. 81; Gillespie v. Broas (1856) 23 Barb.
370; Rumsey v. People (1859) 19 N. Y. 41. See Lan-
ning V. Carpenter (1859) 20 N. Y. 447.
Second Class Cities.
Charges against policemen. 1898, chap. 182, § 184.
People ex rel. Miller v. Peck (1902) 73 App. Div. 89,
76 N. Y. Supp. 328.
Removal of officers. 1898, chap. 182, § 180. People
ex rel. Graveline v. Ham (1901) 59 App. Div. 314. 69
N. Y. Supp. 283.
I40 Constitutional History of New York.
Seneca River.
Improvement. 1888, chap. 325. Waterloo Woolen
Mfg. Co. V. Shanahan (1891) 128 N. Y. 34S, U L. R.
A. 481, 28 N. E. 358.
Special Sessions.
Exclusive jurisdiction. 1870, chap. 47. People ex
rel. Stetzer v. Rawson (1872) 61 Barb. 619.
Gloversville. 1890, chap. 55. People v. Wilber
(1891) 39 N. Y. S. R. 743.
Intoxication in pubhc places. 1869, chap. 856, § 2,
amending 1857, chap. 628, § 17. People v. Burleigh
(1883) I N. Y. Crim. Rep. 447, note, no opinion, in 29
Hun, 203.
Jurisdiction extended. 1879, chap. 390. People ex
rel. Comaford v. Dutcher (1880) 83 N. Y. 240; Devine
V. People (1880) 20 Hun, 98.
Trial without a jury. 1801, chap. 70, par. 11. Jack-
son ex dem. Wood v. Wood (1824) 2 Cow. 819, note.
Trial of petit larceny without a jury. 2 Rev. Laws,
507, 508, § 4. Murphy v. People (1824) 2 Cow. 815.
State.
Audit of claim. 1885, chap. 238. Cole v. State
(1886) 102 N. Y. 48, 6 N. E. 277. 1886, chap. 472.
O'Hara v. State (1889) 112 N. Y. 146, 2 L. R. A. 603,
8 Am. St. Rep. 726, 19 N. E. 659. 1888, chap. 541.
Parmenter V. State (1892) 135 N. Y. 154, 31 N. E. 1035.
1900, chap. 767. Wheeler v. State ( 1904) 97 App. Div.
276, 90 N. Y. Supp. 18.
Bar to claim against, may be removed by legislature.
1900, chap. 123. American Bank Note Co. v. State
( 1901 ) 64 App. Div. 223, 71 N. Y. Supp. 1049.
Claim against state. 1885, chap. 428. Cayuga
County V. State (1897) 153 N. Y. 279, 47 N. E. 288.
Constitutional Statutes — Topical. 141
Loan to railroad company. 1840, chap. 193. Peo-
ple ex rel. De Forest v. Denniston (1861) 23 N. Y. 247.
State Industrial School.
Commitment of juvenile delinquents. 1886, chap.
539. People ex rel. Zeese v. Hasten (1894) 79 Hun,
580, 29 N. Y. Supp. 891.
Staten Island.
Seaside bqulevard. 1878, chap. 190. Hodges v.
Perine (1881) 24 Hun, 516.
Steamboats.
Regulating speed at Albany. 1839, chap. 175, § i.
People V. Jenkins (1841) i Hill, 469.
Sterling.
Authorized to borrow money. 185 1, chap. 272. Gould
V. Sterling (1861) 23 N. Y. 456.
Steuben County.
Separate surrogate. 1883, chap. 309. Mclntyre v.
Allen (1887) 43 Hun, 124.
Stock Corporation.
Failure to file report, liability of directors. 1897,
chap. 384, § 30. Stieffel v. Tolhurst (1902) 67 App.
Div. 521, 73 N. Y. Supp. 1034.
Street Railroads.
Consents by local authorities validated. 1896, chap.
649. Re Buffalo Traction Co. (1898) 25 App. Div. 447,
49 N. Y. Supp. 1052, affirmed in (1898) 155 N. Y. 700,
50 N. E. 1 1 15.
Consolidation. 1892, chap. 340. Bohmer v. Haffen
(1900) 161 N. Y. 390, 55 N. E. 1047.
Crossings and intersections. 1893, chap. 239. 5m/-
falo, B. & L. R. Co. v. New York, L. E. &■ W. R. Co.
(1893) 72 Hun, 587, 25 N. Y. Supp. 155.
142 Constitutional History of New York.
Motive power. 1889, chap. 531, § 12. Re Third
Ave. R. Co. (1890) 121 N. Y. 536, 9 L. R. A. 124, 24
N. E. 951.
Pavements. 1890, chap. 565, § 98. Doyle v. New
York (1901) 58 App. Div. 588, 69 N. Y. Supp. 120.
1892, chap. 676, § 98. M echanicsville v. Stilhvater &
M. Street R. Co. (1901) 35 Misc. 513, 71 N. Y. Supp.
1 102.
Sunday.
Regulating traffic. Penal Code, § 363. Dinsmore v.
New York Bd. of Police (1882) 12 Abb. N. C. 436.
Superintendent of Poor.
Not to hold certain offices. 1853, chap. 80. People
ex rel. Furman v. Clute (1872) 50 N. Y. 451, 10 Am.
Rep. 508.
Superior City Courts.
As contained in the Code of Remedial Justice, 1876,
afterwards the Code of Civil Procedure, and included in
provisions abrogated in 1895, chap. 946; Code Civ. Proc.
§ 263, subsec. 2. Gemp v. Pratt (1877) 7 Daly, 197.
Supervisors.
Boards of. 1849, chap. 194. Smith v. Levinus
(1853) 8N. Y. 472.
Election by wards. 1892, chap. 54, § 4. People ex
rel. Clancy v. Westchester County (1893) 139 N. Y.
524, 34 N. E. 1 106.
General powers. 1875, chap. 482, amended 1880,
chap. 365; 1881, chap. 554; 1885, chap. 451. Phillips v.
Schumacher (1877) 1° Hun, 405; i?e Church (1883) 92
N. Y. i; Hubbard v. Sadler (1887) 104 N. Y. 223 10
N. E. 426.
Joint bridges. 1875, chap. 482, amended 1885, chap.
Constitutional Statutes — Topical. 143
451. Kirkwood v. Newbury (1890) 122 N. Y. 571, 26
N. E. 10.
Powers may be vested in other public agents. 1901,
chap. 89. People ex rel. Oneida County v. Oneida
County (1902) 170 N. Y. 105, 62 N. E. 1092.
Powers subject to legislative regulation. 1899, chap.
416. Queens County v. Petry (1900) 54 App. Div. 115,
66 N. Y. Supp. 447, 1 142.
Streets outside cities. 1881, chap. 554. Re Church
(1883) 92 N. Y. I.
Terms in new county. 1898, chap. 588, § 5. Re
Noble (1898) 34 App. Div. 55, 54 N. Y. Supp. 42.
Supreme Court.
Appellate division justices may appoint jury commis-
sioner. 1896, chap. 378. People v. Hall (1901) 169
N. Y. 184, 62 N. E. 170.
Duties under anti-monopoly act of 1899 are judicial.
1899, chap. 690. Re Davies (1901) 168 N. Y. 89, 56
L. R. A. 85s, 61 N. E. 118.
Governor's appointment of extraordinary terms. Code
Civ. Proc. § 234, amended 1895, chap. 946. People v.
Young (1897) 18 App. Div. 162, 45 N. Y. Supp. 772.
Judges, other office or public trust. 2 Rev. Laws, 409,
par. 178. Striker v. Kelly (1845) 2 Denio, 323.
Limiting jurisdiction. 1868, chap. 853, § 8. Brook-
lyn V. New York (1881) 25 Hun, 612.
May be vested with power to compel erection of bridge
over boundary stream. 1857, chap. 639. Re Mount
Morris (1886) 41 Hun, 29.
Oyer and terminer. Code Criminal Proc. § 23, amend-
ed. 1882, chap. 360. People v. Bork (1884) 96 N. Y.
188.
Powers of judges. 1847, chap. 280, § 16. Re Hath-
away (1877) 71 N. Y. 238.
144 Constitutional History of New York.
Surrogates.
Election to fill vacancy. 1871, chap. 859, § 5. Peo-
ple ex rel. Weller v. Townsend (1886) 102 N. Y. 430,
7 N. E. 360.
Sales. 1850, chap. 82. Chandler v. Northrop (1857)
24 Barb. 129; Forbes v. Halsey (1862) 26 N. Y. 53.
Syracuse.
Audit of certain claims. 1901, chap. 402. Syracuse
V. Hubbard (1901) 64 App. Div. 587, 72 N. Y. Supp.
802, appeal dismissed in (1901) 168 N. Y. 668, 61 N.
E. 1 128.
Municipal court. 1892, chap. 342. Cur fin v. Barton
(1893) 139 N. Y. 505, 34 N. E. 1093.
Police commissioners. 1881, chap. 559. People ex
rel. Gere v. Whitlock (1883) 92 N. Y. 191.
Syracuse City Bank.
Incorporation validated. 1852, chap. 9. Syracuse
City Bank v. Davis (1853) 16 Barb. 188.
Taxation.
Action to cancel tax, limitation of. 1896, chap. 908,
§ 132. Wallace v. International Paper Co. (1903) 84
App. Div. 88, 82 N. Y. Supp. 556.
Apportionment. 1859, chap. 484, amended i860,
chap. 100, amended 1863, chap. 298. Litchfield v. Mc-
Comber (1864) 42 Barb. 288; Litchfield v. Vernon
(1869) 41 N. Y. 123; People ex rel. Crow ell v. Law-
rence (1869) 41 N. Y. 137. 1867, chap. 96. Gordon
V. Comes (1872) 47 N. Y. 608.
Assessments, fixing definite sum per front foot. 1899,
<;hap. 128, § 208. People ex rel. Scott v. Pitt (1901) 64
App. Div. 316, 72 N. Y. Supp. 191, affiraied in (1902)
169 N. Y. 521, 58 L. R. A. 372, 62 N. E. 662.
Assessment confirmed, Brooklyn. 1872, chap. 812.
Re Van Antwerp (1874) 56 N. Y. 261.
Constitutional Statutes — Topical. 145
Assessment confirmed, Utica. 1872, chap. 741. Mann
V. Utica (1872) 44 How. Pr. 334.
Assessment district. 1868, chap. 631, amended 1872,
chap. 710; 1873, chap. 582; 1874, chap. 588. Re Cer-
tain Streets ( 1878) 7 N. Y. Week. Dig. 202 ; Re Sackett,
D. & DeG. Streets ( 1878) 74 N. Y. 95 ; Genet v. Brook-
lyn (1884) 94 N. Y. 645; Genet v. Brooklyn (1885) 99
N. Y. 296, I N. E. 777.
Collateral inheritance. 1885, chap. 483, § i, amended
1887, chap. 713. Re Sherwell (1891) 125 N. Y. 376,
26 N. E. 464.
Comptroller may set aside cancelation. 1897, chap.
392, amending 1896, chap. 908. Weed v. Roberts (1897)
22 Misc. 46, 49 N. Y. Supp. 366.
Comptroller's deed, effect of. 1855, chap. 427.
Hickox V. Tallman (i860) 38 Barb. 608. 1885, chap.
448, amending 1855, chap. 427. People v. Turner
(1889) 117 N. Y. 227, 15 Am. St. Rep. 498, 22 N. E.
1022; Ostrander v. Darling (1891) 127 N. Y. 70, 27
N. E. 353; Turner v. New York (1897) ^68 U. S. 90,
42 L. ed. 392, 18 Sup. Ct. Rep. 38, affirming (1895) 145
N. Y. 451, 40 N. E. 400. See also Saranac Land &
Timber Co. v. Comptroller (1899) 177 U. S. 318, 44
L. ed. 786, 20 Sup. Ct. Rep. 642.
Corporations. 1857, chap. 456. People ex rel. Bank
of Commonwealth v. Tax & A. Comrs. (i860) 32 Barb.
509, affirmed in (1861) 23 N. Y. 192. 1886, chap. 659.
People ex rel. Western U. Teleg. Co. v. Tierney (1890)
57 Hun, 357, 10 N. Y. Supp. 940. 1896, chap. 908.
People ex rel. A. Klipstein & Co. v. Roberts (1899) 36
App. Div. 597, 55 N. Y. Supp. 950, affirmed in (1901)
167 N. Y. 617, 60 N. E. II 17.
Deed, effect of, as conclusive or presumptive evidence.
Vol. V. Const. Hist. — 10.
146 Constitutional History of New York.
1878, chap. 65. Oswego County v. Betts (1889) 25 N.
Y. S. R. 660, 6 N. Y. Supp. 934.
Deed, when conclusive. 1882, chap. 287, amending
1879, chap. 229. Chamberlain v. Taylor (1885) 36
Hun, 24; Ensign v. Barse (1887) 107 N. Y. 329, 14 N.
E. 400, 15 N. E. 401.
Designation of object. 1880, chap. 542, amended
1881, chap. 361; 1882, chap. 751; 1885, chap. 501! Peo-
ple V. National F. Ins: Co. (1882) 27 Hun, 188.
Exemption of charitable corporations. 1886, chap.
622. Dyker Meadow Land & Improv. Co. v. Cook
(1896) 3 App. Div. 164, 38 N. Y. Supp. 222, affirmed in
(1899) 159N. Y. 6, S3 N. E. 690.
Exemption of debts. 1892, chap. 202, amending i
Rev. Stat. 391, § 9. People ex rel. Bijur v. Barker
(1898) 155 N. Y. 330, 149 N. E. 940.
Exemption may be revoked. 1869, chap. 875. Peo-
ple ex rel. Davies v. Tax & A. Comrs. (1872) 47 N. Y.
501. 1874, chap. 296. Hewitt v. New York & O.M.
R. Co. (1875) 12 Blatchf. 452, Fed. Cas. No. 6,443.
1875, chap. 223, § 59. People ex rel. Sears v. Board of
Assessors (1881) 84 N. Y. 610.
Foreign corporations. 1880, chap. 542, amended
1881, chap. 361, amended 1882, chap. 151; 1885, chap.
359; 1889, chaps. 193, 353. People v. Equitable Trust
Co. (1884) 96 N. Y. 387; People v. Horn Silver Min.
Co. (1887) 105 N. Y. 76, II N. E. 155, affirmed in
(1891) 143 U. S. 305, 36 L. ed. 164, 4 Inters. Com.
Rep. 57, 12 Sup. Ct. Rep. 403 ; People ex rel. Southern
Cotton Oil Co. V. Wemple (1892) 131 N. Y. 64, 27 Am.
St. Rep. 542, 29 N. E. 1002; New York v. Roberts
(1898) 171 U. S. 658, 43 L. ed. 323, 19 Sup. Ct. Rep.
58, affirmmg (1896) 149 N. Y. 608, 44 N. E. 1127,
(189s) 91 Hun, 158, 36 N. Y. Supp. 368.
Constitutional Statutes — Topical. 147
Foreign fire insurance companies. 1866, chap. 633,
§ 7, amended 1867, chap. 962; 1870, chap. 297; 1877,
chap. 64; 1879, chap. 89. Exempt Firemen's Benev.
Fund V. Roome (1883) 93 N. Y. 313, 45 Am. Rep. 217.
Insurance companies. 1886, chap. 679. Dutchess
County Mut. Ins. Co. v. Poughkeepsie (1889) 51 Hun,
595, 4 N. Y. Supp. 93.
LegaHzing assessments. 1892, chap. 376. Smith v.
Buffalo (1895) 90 Hun, 118, 35 N. Y. Supp. 635. 1895,
chap. 817. Hatzung v. Syracuse (1895) 92 Hun, 203,
36 N. Y. Supp. 521.
Legahzing assessment after judgment declaring it in-
valid; limiting action to set aside assessment. 1899,
chap. 289, amending 1898, chap. 199, § 83. Loomis v.
Little Falls (1901) 66 App. Div. 299, 72 N. Y. Supp.
7, 74, affirmed in (1903) 176 N. Y. 31, 68 N. E. 105.
Legalizing irregular proceeding. 1882, chap. 363.
Terrel v. Wheeler (1890) 123 N. Y. 76, 25 N. E. 329.
Limited district, canal in Utica. 1835, chap. 309.
Thomas v. Leland (1840) 24 Wend. 65.
Military bounty. 1863, chap. 15. Jones v. Cham-
berlain (1888) 109 N. Y. 100, 16 N. E. 72.
Military bounty, local tax prohibited. 1865, chap. 29,
§ 4. Powers V. Shepard (1872) 48 N. Y. 540.
Nonresident. 1855, chap. 37. Duer v. Small (1859)
4 Blatchf. 263, 17 How. Pr. 201, Fed. Cas. No. 4,116.
Object of tax. 1869, chap. 272, amended 1870, chap.
340. People ex rel. McLean v. Flagg (1871) 46 N. Y.
401.
Omitted property. 1865, chap. 453. People ex rel.
Brooklyn City R. Co. v. Board of Assessors (1883) 92
N. Y. 430.
Orange county tax. 1855, chap. 335. People ex rel.
Burrows v. Orange County (1858) 17 N. Y. 235.
148 Constitutional History of New York.
Ratification of tax sales. 1882, chap. 322, § 15. Os-
wego V. Betts (1889) 25 N. Y. S. R. 660, 6 N. Y. Supp.
934- „ ,
Ratifying assessments. 1888, chap. 213. People ex
rel. Richmond v. Wilson (1888) 21 N. Y. S. R. 120, .3
N. Y. Supp. 326, affirmed in (1890) 121 N. Y. 684, 24
N. E. 1098.
Rebate of tax by board of supervisors. 1873, chap.
119. People ex rel. Witherbee v. Essex County (1877)
70 N. Y. 228.
Release of property from, when valid. 1893, chap.
498. People ex rel. American Bible Soc. v. New York
(1894) 142 N. Y. 348, 37 N. E. 116.
Relevy. 1873, chap. 643 ; 1873, chap. 760. State v.
Kings County (1891) 125 N. Y. 312, 26 N. E. 272.
Reserved rents. 1846, chap. 327. Livingston v. Hol-
lenbeck (1847) 4 Barb. 9; Le Couteulx v. Erie County
(1849) 7 Barb. 249.
Savings banks. 1866, chap. 761. People ex rel. Gal-
latin Nat. Bank v. Tax & A. Comrs. (1876) 6"/ N. Y.
516; Albany County v. Stanley (1881) 105 U. S. 305,
26 L. ed. 1044.
Special fi'anchise. 1899, chap. 712. Buffalo Gas Co.
V. Vols (1900) 31 Misc. 160, 64 N. Y. Supp. 534; New
York, L. & W. R. Co. v. Roll (1900) 32 Misc. 321,
66 N. Y. Supp. 748; People ex rel. Metropolitan Street
R. Co. V. State Tax Comrs. (1903) 174 N. Y. 417, 63
L. K A. 884, 67 N. E. 69, affirmed (1905) 199 U. S. i,
50 L. ed. 65, 25 Sup. Ct. Rep. 705 ; People ex rel. Brook-
lyn City R. Co. V. State Tax Comrs. (1905) 199 U. S.
48, 50 L. ed. 79, 25 Sup. Ct. Rep. 713, affirming (1903)
174 N. Y. 417, 63 L. R. A. 884, 105 Am. St. Rep. 674,
67 N. E. 69.
State may restrict use of land on which tax has not
been paid. 1884, chap. 153, § 17, amended 1885, chap.
Constitutional Statutes — Topical. 149
215; 1886, chap. 102. Prentice v. Weston (1888) 11 1
N. Y. 460, 18 N: E. 720.
Street railroads. 1873, chap. 199; 1873, chap. 647;
1875, chap. 389. Central Crosstown R. Co. v. Twenty-
Third Street R. Co. (1877) 54 How. Pr. i6%;New York
V. Twenty-third Street R. Co. (1889) ^^3 N. Y. 311, 21
N. E. 60.
Summary proceedings. 1843, chap. 230. McMahon
V. Palmer (1886) 102 N. Y. 176, 55 Am. Eep. 796, 6
N. E. 400.
Taxpayer's right of action. 1872, chap. 161. Hurl-
hurt V. Banks (1876) 52 How. Pr. 196, affirmed in
(1876) I Abb. N. C. 172; Rogers v. Rochester, H. & P.
Creek R. Co. (1880) 21 Hun, 44.
Tax sale, purchaser may be required to discharge prior
tax liens. 1898, chap. 280. People ex rel. Atkins v.
Bwifalo (1901) 63 App. Div. 563, 71 N. Y. Supp. 1145.
Tax sales transferred to counties. 1879, chap. 382 ;
1881, chap. 402;' 1883, chap. 516. People v. Ulster
County (1885) "36 Hun, 491.
Telegraph companies. 1881, chap. 361, amending
1880, chap. 542. People v. Gold & Stock Teleg. Co.
(1885) 98N. Y. 67.
Transfer tax. 1885, chap. 483. Re McPherson
(1887) 104 N. Y. 306, 58 Am. Rep. 502, 10 N. E.
685. 1887, chap. 713, amending 1885, chap. 483. Wal-
lace V. Myers (1889) 4 L. R. A. 171, 38 Fed. 184. 1896,
chap. 908, § 220, subsec. 5, amended 1897, chap. 284.
Orr V. Gilman (1901) 183 U. S. 278, 46 L. ed. 196, 22
Sup. Ct. Rep. 213, affirming (1901) 167 N. Y. 227, 52
L. R. A. 433, 88 Am. St. Rep. 509, 60 N. E. 439.
Transfer tax, appointment of appraisers. 1900, chap.
658, amending 1896, chap. 908. Re Wallace (1902) 71
App. Div. 284, 75 N. Y. Supp. 838.
I50 Constitutional History of New York.
Transfer tax, appraisal. 1896, chap. 908, amended
1 90 1, chap. 173. Re Fuller (1901) 62 App. Div. 428,
71 N. Y. Supp. 40.
Transfer tax, power of appointment. 1896, chap. 908,
§ 220, amended 1897, chap. 284. Re Delano (1903)
176 N. Y. 486, 64 L. R. A. 279, 68 N. E. 871. 1897,
chap. 284. Re Potter (1900) 51 App. Div. 212, 64 N.
Y. Supp. 1013; Re Vanderbilt (1900) 50 App. Div. 246,
63 N. Y. Supp. 1079, affirmed in (1900) 163 N. Y. 597,
57 N. E. 1 127.
Uniformity not required. 1886, chap. 224, § i. Peo-
ple ex rel. Parsons Mfg. Co. v. Moore (1887) 11 N. Y.
S. R. 859.
Validation. 1886, chap. 656. Re Lamb (1889) 51
Hun, 633, 4 N. Y. Supp. 858, affirmed in (1890) 121 N.
Y. 703, 21 N. E. 1 100; Van Deventer v. Long Island
City (1893) 139 N. Y. 133, 34 N. E. 774.
Validating assessments. 1883, chap. 298. Re Dela-
ware & H. Canal Co. (1891) 60 Hun, 204, 14 N. Y.
Supp. 585, affirmed in (1891) 129 N. Y. 105, 29 N. E.
237. 1883, chap. 345. Williams v. Albany (1886) 122
U. S. 154, 30 L. ed. 1088, 7 Sup. Ct. Rep. 1244.
Validity not affected by governor's veto of items.
1889, chaps. 309, 311, 335. Re Atty. Gen. (1890) 58
Hun, 218, 12 N. Y. Supp. 754.
Village boundaries enlarged. 1857, chap. 523. Pum-
pelly V. Owego (1863) 45 How. Pr. 219.
Toll Bridge.
Right not exclusive. 1832, chap. 162; 1836, chap.
268; 1840, chap. 242. Thompson v. New York & H. R.
Co. (1846) 3 Sandf. Ch. 625. 1838, chap. 254. Os-
wego Falls Bridge Co. v. Fish (1846) i Barb. Ch. 547.
Tovyrn Meetings.
Legislature may regulate. 1858, chap. 22. People ex
Constihttioncd Statutes — Topical. 151
rel. Le Roy v. Foley (1896) 148 N. Y. 677, 43 N. E.
171.
Towns.
Apportionment of debts after division. i Rev. Stat.
338, §4(1 Edm. 311). People ex rel. McKensie v.
Ulster County (1883) 94 N. Y. 263.
Trial by Jury.
Disorderly persons, i Rev. Stat. 638, §2(1 Edm.
591). Duffy V. People (1843) 6 Hill, 75.
Troy.
Recorder, jurisdiction of. 1849, chap. 121. Hayner
v. James (1858) 17 N. Y. 316.
Removal of police commissioners. 1881, chap. 76, §
4, amending Troy police act. People ex rel. Woods v.
Crissey (1883) 91 N. Y. 616.
Repavement. 1872, chap. 129. Moran v. Troy
(1877) 9 Hun, 540.
Taxation of Union R. R. Co. 1853, chap. 462. People
ex rel. Troy Union R. Co. v. Carter (1889) 52 Hun, 458,
5 N. Y. Supp. 507, affirmed in (1889) 117 N. Y. 625, 22
N. E. 1 128.
Trusts.
For benefit of creditors. 1875, chap. 545. Mills v.
Husson ( 1893) 140 N. Y. 99, 35 N. E. 422.
Legislature may regulate. 1859, chap. 392. Re New
York Protestant Episcopal Public School (1864) 31 N.
Y. 574.
Statute may be retroactive. 1893, chap. 452. Re
Heinze (1897) 20 Misc. 371, 46 N. Y. Supp 247.
Trustee's power of alienation. 1805, chap. 67, § 2,
amending 1802, chap. 54. Welch v. Silliman (1842) 2
Hill, 491.
152 Constitutional History of New York,
Turnpike Roads.
Taking public highway, i Rev. Stat. 583, § 29 (i
Edm. 541); 1847, chap. 210, § 26. Benedict v. Gait
(1848) 3 Barb. 459.
Unconstitutional Statute.
Payment of expenses incurred under it. 1857, chap.
590. People ex rel. Kingsland v. Bradley (1872) 64
Barb. 228, affirmed in (1873) 52 N. Y. 83.
Usury.
Prohibited. 1837, chap. 430. Perrine v. Striker
(1839) 7 Paige, 598.
Utica.
Waterworks. 1867, chap. 393. Utica Waterworks
Co. V. Utica (1884) 31 Hun, 426.
Venue.
Actions against second class cities. 1899, chap. 581,
amending 1898, chap. 182, § 461. Czarnowsky v. Roch-
ester (1900) 55 App. Div. 388, 66 N. Y. Supp. 931, af-
firmed in (1901) 165 N. Y. 649, 59 N. E. 1121.
Limiting right to change. 1888, chap. 577, § 3. Peo-
ple V. Rouse (1891) 39 N. Y. S. R. 656, 15 N. Y. Supp.
414.
Vessels.
Liens on. 1862, chap. 482. Re The Circassian
(1867) 50 Barb. 490; Sheppard v. Steele (1870) 43 N.
Y. 52, 3 Am. Rep. 660; Fisher v. Luling (1871) i Jones
& S. 337; Happy V. Masher (1872) 48 N. Y. 313;
Murphy v. Salem (1874) 3 Thomp. & C. 660, i Plun,
140; King V. Greenway (1877) 71 N. Y. 413; Fralick v.
Betts (1878) 13 Hun, 632.
Villages.
Amending charter. 1882, chap. 359. Reed v. Schmit
(1886) 39 Hun, 223.
Constitutional Statutes — Topical. 153
Dissolution. 1847, chap. 426, §§ 90, 91 ; 1874, chap.
628. Blauvelt v. Nyack (1876) 9 Hun, 153.
Licensing peddlers. 1883, chap. 465. Stamford v.
Fisher (1893) 140 N. Y. 187, 35 N. E. 500.
Limiting actions against. 1889, chap. 440. Arthur
V. Glens Falls (1892) 66 Hun, 136, 21 N. Y. Supp. 81.
Limiting right to vote on propositions. 1898, chap.
269. Spitzer v. Fulton (1902) 172 N. Y. 285, 92 Am.
St. Rep. 736, 64 N. E. 957.
Police court, Deposit. 1873, chap. 330, title 4, § i.
Deposit V. Vail (1875) 5 Hun, 310.
Police justice. 1897, chap. 414, § 182. People ex
rel. Saloom v. Whitney (1898) 32 App. Div. 144, 52 N.
Y. Supp. 695.
President, method of choosing may be changed. 1895,
chap. 247. People ex rel. Mitchell v." Sturges (1898)
156 N. Y. 580, 51 N. E. 29s.
Publication of notices. Deposit. 1873, chap. 330, title
5, § 6. More v. Deyoe (1880) 22 Hun, 208.
Ratifying election for reincorporation. 1873, chap.
84, § 5. People ex rel. Brockport v. Sutphin (1901) 166
N. Y. 163, 59 N. E. 770.
Village law, acceptance of. 1847, chap. 426, § 92.
Bank of Chenango v. Brown (1863) 26 N. Y. 467.
Water supply. 1875, chap. 181. Skaneateles Water-
works Co. V. Skaneateles (1899) 161 N. Y. 154, 46 L.
R. A. 687, 55 N. E. 562.
Vinegar.
Adulteration. 1889, chap. 515, § 4. People v.
Girard (1895) 145 N. Y. 105, 45 Am. St. Rep. 595, 39
N. E. 823.
Water.
Companies. 1873, chap. 737, amended 1876, chap.
415. Stamford Water Co. v. Stanley (1886) 39 Hun,
154 Constitutional History of New York.
424; Re New Rochelle Water Co. (1887) 46 Hun, 525;
Pocantico Waterworks Co. v. Bird (1891) 130 N. Y.
249, 29 N. E. 246; Re Long Island Water Supply Co.
(1893) 30 Abb. N. C. 36, 24 N. Y. Supp. 807. 1880,
chap. 85. Syracuse Water Co. v. Syracuse (1889) 116
N. Y. 167, 5 L. R. A. 546, 22 N. E. 381. 1881, chap.
321. Re New Rochelle Water Co. (1887) 46 Hun, 525.
Watertown.
Recorder. 1871, chap. 810. People ex rel. Thomp-
son V. Webster (1894) 8 Misc. 133, 28 N. Y. Supp. 646..
White Plains.
Changing grade of streets. 1890, chap. 315. Smith
V. White Plains (1893) 67 Hun, 81, 22 N. Y. Supp. 450.
Drainage. 1872, chap. 639. People ex rel. Little v.
Willsea (1875) 60 N. Y. 507.
Witness.
Confidential communication. Code Civ. Proc. § 836,
amended (1892) chap. 514. Re Gagan (1892) 47 N.
Y. S. R. 444, 20 N. Y. Supp. 426 ; Supreme Lodge, K. of
P V. Meyer (1905) 198 U. S. 508, 519, 49 L. ed. 1146,
1 149, 25 Sup. Ct. Rep. 754.
Contempt, legislative committee, i Rev. Stat. 154, §
13, subsec. 4(1 Edm. 153). People ex rel. McDonald v.
Keeler (1885) 99 N. Y. 463, 52 Am. Rep. 49, 2 N. E.
615.
Defendant in criminal case. 1869, chap. 678. Peo-
ple V. Courtney (1884) 94 N. Y. 490.
Imprisonment for refusal to testify. Code Civ. Proc.
§§ 856, 857. Re McAdam (1889) 27 N. Y. S. R. 352,
7 N. Y. Supp. 454.
Not excluded by reason of interest. Code Proc. § 398.
Neass V. Mercer (1853) 15 Barb. 318.
Physical examination. Code Civ. Proc. § 873, amend-
Constitutional Statutes — Topical. 155
ed 1893, chap. 721. Lyon v. Manhattan R. Co. (1894)
142 N. Y. 298, 25 L. R. A. 402, 37 N. E. 113.
Privilege. Penal Code. § 342. Gilpin v. Daly (1891)
59 Hun, 413, 13 N. Y. Supp. 390; People ex rel. Lewi-
sohn V. General Sessions Court (1904) 96 App. Div.
201, 89 N. Y. Supp. 364.
Yonkers.
City court. 1893, chap. 416, amending 1878, chap.
186. Doran v. Bussard (1899) 38 App. Div. 30, 55 N.
Y. Supp. 987.
Unconstitutional Statutes,
a. chronological.
1787, chap. 57; 1798, chap. 55; 1803, chap. 94; 1807,
chap. 165; 1808, chap. 225; 181 1, chap. 200. Liv-
ingston and Fulton steamboat privilege. Gibbons
V. Ogden (1824) 9 Wheat, i, 6 L. ed. 23.
1793, chap. 57. Relating to Half moon patent. Jackson
ex dem. Ten Eyck v. Frost (1826) 5 Cow. 346.
1798, chap. 55. See 1787, chap. 57.
1801, chap. 127; 1813, chap. 62. Protection of fish.
People v. Piatt (1819) 17 Johns. 195, 8 Am. Dec.
382.
1803, chap. 94. See 1787, chap. 57.
1807, chap. 115; 181 8, chap. 213. New York streets.
Re John & C. Streets (1839) 19 Wend. 659.
1807, chap. 165. See 1787, chap. 57.
1808, chap. 2x6, § 13. Council of Appointment. Peo'
pie V. Foot ( 1821) 19 Johns. 58.
1808, chap. 225. See 1787, chap. 57.
156 Constitutional H y of New York.
1809, chap. 119. Newburg waterworks. Gardner v.
Newburgh (1816) 2 Johns. Ch. 162, 7 Am. Dec.
526.
181 1, chap. 123. Bankruptcy. Sturgis v. Crownin-
shield (1819) 4 Wheat. 122, 4 L. ed. 529.
181 1, chap. 123. Insolvent debtors. Roosevelt v.
Cehra (1819) 17 Johns. 108.
181 1, chap. 200. See 1787, chap. 57.
1813, chap. 62. See 1 80 1, chap. 127.
1 8 14, chap. 172. Insolvent insurance companies. Van
Hook V. Whitlock (1841) 26 Wend. 43, 37 Am.
Dec. 246.
1818, chap. 213. See 1807, chap. 115.
1 819, chap. 18, amended 1844, chap. 89. New York
port wardens. Port of New York v. Cartwright
(1850) 4 Sandf. 236.
1823, chap. Ill, § 12. Albany basin. Corning v.
Greene (1856) 23 Barb. 33.
1824, chap. 266; 1825, chap. 181. Erecting Orleans
county. People ex rel. Ingersoll v. Garey (1827)
6 Cow. 642.
1825, chap. 181. See 1824, chap. 266.
1836, chap. 316. Railroads on Indian lands. Buffalo,
' R. &• P. R. Co. V. Lavery ( 1894) 75 Hun, 396, 27
N. Y. Supp. 443, affirmed in (1896) 149 N. Y.
576, 43 N. E. 986.
1837, chap. 450. Banks, suspending certain statutes.
Commercial Bank v. Sparrow (1846) 2 Denio, 97.
1838, chap. 260. General banking law. De Bow v.
People (1845) I Denio, 9.
1840, chap. 254; 1841, chap. 166. Tax on Indian lands.
Fellows V. Denniston (1861) 23 N. Y. 420, re-
versed in (1866) 5 Wall. 761, 18 L. ed. 708.
Unconstitutional Statutes — Chronological. 1^7
1840, chap. 311. Excluding New York aldermen from
the court of general sessions. Purdy v. People
(1842) 4 Hill, 384.
1 84 1, chap. 166. See 1840, chap. 254.
184 1, chap. 341. Redemption from tax sales. Dike-
man v. Dikeman (1845) 11 Paige, 484.
1842, chap. 157. Exemption from distress and execu-
tion, banks V. Quackenbush (1848) i N. Y.
129.
1843, chap. 88. New York clerk of common pleas.
Warner v. People (1845) 2 Denio, 272, 43 Am.
Dec. 740.
1844, chap. 86. Albany, commissioners to assess dam-
ages. Hilton V. Bender (1877) 69 N. Y. 75.
1844, chap. 89. See 1819, chap. 18.
1846, chap. 133, repealing 1845, chap. 193. Peekskill
post road. People ex rel. Fountain v. Westchester
County (1848) 4 Barb. 64.
1847, chap. 280, § 30. Judiciary act (as to jurisdiction
of county courts). Griswold v. Sheldon (1851)
4 N. Y. 581 ; Kundolf v. Thalheimer (1855) 12 N.
Y. 593-
1847, chap. 470, amending judiciary act relative to attor-
neys. McKoan v. Devries (1848) 3 Barb. 196;
Bullard v. Van Tassell (1848) 3 How. Pr. 402.
1848, chap. 143, § 6. New York & Harlem R. R. Co.
Cogswell V. New York, N. H. & H. R. Co. ( 1886)
103 N. Y. 10, 57 Am. Rep. 701, 8 N. E. 537.
1848, chap. 200. Married women, rights of property.
Holmes v. Holmes ( 1848) 4 Barb. 295 ; White v.
White (1849) 5 Barb. 474; Benedict v. Seymour
(1854) II How. Pr. 176; Westervelt v. Gregg
(1854) 12 N. Y. 202, 62 Am. Dec. 160.
1849, chap. 28. Vacancies in office (as to justice of the
peace). People v. Keeler (1858) 17 N. Y. 370.
158 Constitutional History of New York.
1849, chap. 112. Authorizing sale of certain real estate.
Powers V. Bergen (1852) 6 N. Y. 358.
1849, chap. I2T, § 4. Conferring on Troy recorder pow-
ers of supreme court justice. GrifUn v. Griffith
(1851) 6 How. Pr. 428.
1849, chap. 140. Free school law. Thome v. Cramer
(1851) 15 Barb. 112; Bradley v. Baxter (1853)
15 Barb. 122; Barto v. Himrod (1853) 8 N. Y.
483, 59 Am. Dec. 506.
1849, chap. 150, § 10. See 1872, chap. 284, § 10.
1849, chap. 184, §§ 60-64. Utica charter, taking land
for streets, compensation. Clark v. Utica (1854)
18 Barb. 451.
1849, chap. 350. Passenger tax. Henderson v. Wick-
ham (1875) 92 U. S. 259, 23 L. ed. 543.
1850, chap. 139. Watervliet police, denying bail in as-
sault and battery. People v. Carroll (1855) 3
Park. Crim. Rep. 22.
1850, chap. 262, § 193. Rochester, ascertaining public
improvement damages. House v. Rochester
(1853) 15 Barb. 517.
1850, chap. 264. Declaring Racket river a public high-
way. Morgan v. King (1866) 35 N. Y. 454, 91
Am. Dec. 58.
1 85 1, chap. 207, amended 1894, chap. 712. Declaring
Moose river a public highway. De Camp v. Dix
(1899) 159 N. Y. 436, 54 N. E. 63.
1851, chap. 485. Providing for the completion of the
Erie canal enlargement and the Genesee Valley and
Black River canals. Rodman v. Munson ( 1852)
13 Barb. 188; Newell v. People (1852) 7 N. Y. 9.
1852, chap. 356, pars. 8-1 1. Rochester waterworks
company, compensation for damages. Rochester
Waterworks Co. v. Wood (1871) 60 Barb. 137.
Unconstitutional Statutes — Chronological. x 59
1852, chap. 374, § 7. Supreme court in first judicial dis-
trict (as to increasing' campensation). People ex
ret Mitchell y. Haws (i860) 32 Barb. 207.
1853, chap. 217. New York board of supervisors. Peo-
ple ex rel. McSpedon v. Stout (1856) 23 Barb.
349-
1853, chap. 230. Buffalo, city assessor to act on damage
commission. Ganson v. Buffalo (1864) 2 Abb.
App. Dec. 236, I Keyes, 454.
1854, chap. 271. Fishkill & Beekman Plank Road Co.
Fishkill V. Fishkill & B. PI. Road Co. (1856) 22
Barb. 634; People v. Fishkill & B. PI. Road Co.
(1857) 27 Barb. 445.
1854, chap. 282. Amending railroad law, repealing
clause. Conant V. Van Schaick (1857) 24 Barb.
87.
1854, chap. 386. Erecting Schuyler , county. Lanning
V. Carpenter (1859) 20 N. Y. 447.
1854, chap. 396. Drainage in town of Rome. Hart-
well V. Armstrong (1854) 19 Barb. 166.
1855, chap. 164. Binghamton bridge. The Bingham-
ton Bridge (1865) 3 Wall. 51, 18 L. ed. 137, re-
versing (1863) 27 N. Y. 87.
1855, chap. 231. Excise law. Wynehamer v. People
(1856) 13N.Y.378.
1855, chap. 296. In part ; Morris Canal & Banking Co.,
appraisal of damages. Re Townsend (1868) 39
N. Y. 171.
1855, chap. 407. New York commissioner of taxes.
People V. Raymond (1868) 37 N. Y. 428; People
ex rel. Kingsland v. Bradley (1872) 64 Barb. 228
1855, chap. 427. See 1885, chap. 448.
1857, chap. 156, § 12. Malone Waterworks Co. Re
Malone Waterworks Co. (1890) 38 N. Y. S. R.
95, IS N. Y. Supp. 649.
i6o Constitutional History of New York.
1857, chap. 569. New York police court clerks. Devoy
V. New York (1867) 36 N. Y. 449; Harbeck v.
New York (1863) 10 Bosw. 366.
1857, chap, 628. Excise law (drinking on premises).
People V. Lyon (1882) 27 Hun, 180; Excise
Comrs. V. Merchant (1886) 103 N. Y. 143, 57 Am.
Rep. 70s, 8 N. E. 484.
1858, chap. 266, amended i860, chap. 258. Drainage in
town of Cicero. People ex rel. Cook v. Nearing
(1863) 27 N.Y. 306.
1858, chap. 341, par. 9. Syracuse boundaries (assembly
districts). Kinne v. Syracuse ( 1866) 2 Abb. App.
Dec. 534.
1859, chap. 10. Whitesborough police justice. Waters
V. Langdon (1863) 40 Barb. 408, distinguishing
Brandon v. Avery ( i860) 22 N. Y. 469.
] 859, chap. 79. Amending revised statues as to liens on
vessels. Vose v. Cockcroft (1871) 44 N.Y. 415.
1859, chap. 396, § 24. Brooklyn water act. Remsen v.
Wheeler (1887) 105 N. Y. 573, 12 N. E. 564.
i860, chap. 187. Admission of attorneys. Re New
York University (i860) 31 Barb. 353. See Re
Cooper (i860) 22 N. Y. 67.
i860, chap. 258. See 1858, chap. 266.
i860, chap. 410. Death penalty. Hartung v. People
(i860) 22 N. Y. 95; Shepherd v. People (1862)
25 N. Y. 406; Kuckler v. People (1862) 5 Park.
Crim. Rep. 212. See 1861, chap. 303.
i860, chap. 449, § 4. New York waterworks; gate-
houses. Baldwin v. New York (1865) 3° How.
Pr. 289.
1861, chap. 303, amending i860, chap. 410. Death pen-
alty. Hartung v. People (1863) 26 N. Y. 167.
1862, chap. 459. Animals running at large. Rockwell
V. Nearing (1866) 35 N. Y. 302.
Unconstitutional Statutes — Chronological. i6i
1862, chap. 482. Liens on vessels. Bird v. The Joseph-
ine (1868) 39 N. Y. 19; Ferran v. Hosford
( 1869) 54 Barb. 200 ; Brookman v. Hamill ( 1871 )
43 N. Y. 554, 3 Am. Rep. 731 ; Murphy v. Salem
(1874) 3 Thomp. & C. 660, I Hun, 140; Poole v.
Kermit (1875) 59 N. Y. 554.
1862, chap. 487, amended 1865, chap. 586. New York
tonnage. Inman S. S. Co. v. Tinker (1876) 94
U. S. 238, 24 L. ed. 118.
1863, chap. 227. New York law department. Bald-
win v. New York (1864) 42 Barb. 549.
1863, chap. 269. Yonkers street assessments. Hop-
kins V. Mason ( 1871 ) 61 Barb. 469.
1863, chap. 361, § 9. Morrisania railroad. Bohmer v.
Haffen (1900) 161 N. Y. 390, 55 N. E. 1047.
1865, chap. 97. Enabling state banks to become national
banking associations. Van Allen v. Assessors
(1865) 3 Wall. 573, 18 L. ed. 229, reaffirrped in
New York v. Tax & A. Comrs. (1876) 94 U. S.
415, 24 L. ed. 164.
1865, chap. 97, § 10. Taxing national bank shares.
First Nat. Bank v. Fancher (1872) 48 N. Y. 524.
1865, chap. 181, amending Rochester charter.. People
ex rel. McConvill v. Hills (1866) 35 N. Y. 449.
1665, chap. 266, § 4. New York State Inebriate Asylum
Re Janes (1866) 30 How. Pr. 446.
1865, chap. 586. See 1862, chap. 487.
1865, chap. 646, § 5. New York, executions on judg-
ments against city. Hadfield v. New York ( 1866)
6 Robt. 501, 2 Abb. Pr. N. S. 95.
1866, chap. 214. Edgewater trustees. People ex rel.
Brown v. Blake (1867) 49 Barb. 9.
Vol. V. Const. Hist. — 11.
i62 Constitutional History of New^ York.
1866, chap. 217, § I. New York, justice and clerk of
eighth judicial district. ^ People ex rel. Fowler v.
Bull (1871) 46 N. Y. 57, 7 Am. Rep. 302.
1866, chap. 466, § 7. Normal schools, appropriation
from common school fund. Gordon v. Comes
(1872) 47 N. Y. 608.
1866, chap. 547. Sales of foreign merchandise by
brokers. People v. Maring (1867) 3 Keyes, 374.
1866, chap. 578. Metropolitan excise law. Holt v. Ex-
cise Comrs. (1866) 31 How. Pr. 334; People v.
Krushaw (1866) 31 How. Pr. 344, note.
1866, chap. 586. New York charter amendments. Peo-
ple v. O'Brien (1868) 38 N. Y. 193.
1S66, chap. 761. Taxing stockholders of banks. New
York V. Weaver (1879) 100 U. S. 539, 25 L. ed.
705 ; Williams v. Weaver ( 1879) 1°° U. S. 547,
25 L. ed. 708.
1866, chap. 876, § 9. New York, power to make con-
tracts. Pullman v. New York (1869) 54 Barb.
169.
1866, chap. 876, § 10. New York, liability of city.
Smith V. New York (1868) 34 How. Pr. 508.
1867, chap. 194. Qualification of voters. Green v.
Shumway (1868) 39 N. Y. 418.
1867, chap. 256. Tonnage. Cole v. Johnson {1881) 10
Daly, 258.
1867, chap. 285. New York, Croton aqueduct. People
ex rel. Bradley v. Stevens (1869) 51 How. Pr.
103.
1867, chap. 372. Drainage in certain towns. People ex
rel. Pulman v. Henion (1892) 64 Hun, 471, 19 N.
Y. Supp. 488.
1867, chap. 410. New York commissioner of taxes.
People V. Raymond (1868) 2,7 N. Y. 428.
Unconstitutional Statutes — Chronological. 163
1867, chap. 806, § 12. Metropolitan police. People v.
Acton (1867) 48 Barb. 524.
1868, chap. 45. Wallkill Valley Railroad. Harden-
bergh v. Van Keuren (1878) 16 Hun, 17.
1868, chap. 254. Schenectady Astronomical Observa-
tory. People ex rel. Schenectady Astronomical
Observatory v. Allen (1870) 42 N. Y. 404.
1868, chap. 334. Saratoga, railroad aid. Szveet v. Hiil-
bert (1868) 51 Barb. 312.
1868, chap. 531. Highway in Long Island City. Knapp
V. Newtown (1874) 3 Thomp. & C. 748, i Hun
268.
1868, chap. 552. Mamaroneck avenue. Mitchell v.
White Plains (1891) 62 Hun, 231, 16 N. Y. Supp.
828, affirmed in (1893) 138 N. Y. 627, 33 N. E.
1083.
1868, chap. 577. Village of Douglas, aiding manufac-
turing corporation. Weismer v. Douglas (1876)
64 N. Y. 92, 21 Am. Rep. 586.
1868, chap. 631. Brooklyn, widening certain streets.
Re Sackett D. & DeG. Streets (1878) 74 N. Y.
95-
1868, chap. 687. Palatine roads. People ex rel. Failing
V. Highway Comrs. ( 1869) 53 Barb. 70.
1868, chap. 717. Bridge over Cattaraugus creek, item in
supply bill. People ex rel. Lee v. Chautauqua
County (1870) 43 N. Y. 10.
1868, chap. 776. Marlborough highway, appropriating
state land. People ex rel. Purdy v. Highway
Comrs. (1873) 54 N. Y. 276, 13 Am. Rep. 581.
1868, chap. 855. New York revenues. Patten v. New
York Elev. R. Co. (1876) 3 Abb. N. C. 306, ap-
peal dismissed in (1876) 67 N. Y. 484; Re New
York Elev. R. Co. (1877) 7° N. Y. 327; New
York V. Manhattan R. Co. (1894) i43 N. Y. i, 37
N. E. 494.
164 Constitutional History of New York.
t868, chap. 864, amended 1869, chap. 282. Drainage of
marsh land. Coxe v. State ( 1895) 144 N. Y. 396,
39 N. E. 400.
1869, chap. 84, § 2. Railroad aid, validating contract.
New York & O. Midland R. Co. v. Van Horn
(1874) 57N. Y. 473-
1869, chap. 217, § 4, amended 1870, chap. 619. Atlantic
avenue, town of New Lots. Stuart v. Palmer
(1878) 74 N. Y. 183, 30 Am. Rep. 289.
1869, chap. 282; 1868, chap. 864.
1869, chap. 339, § 6. New York police Commissioners
ineligible to other office, quoere. Re Foley (1870)
39 How. Pr. 356.
1869, chap. 507. Brooklyn streets. People ex rel.
Pratt V. Brooklyn (1870) 13 Abb. Pr. N. S. 121.
1869, chap. 569. New York judicial sales. Gaskin v.
Meek (1870) 42 N. Y. 186.
1869, chap. 670. Kings county highways. Re Rogers
Ave. (1885) 29 Abb. N. C. 361, 22 N. Y. Supp.
27; German- American R. E. Title Guarantee Co.
V. Meyers ( 1898) 32 App. Div. 41, 52 N. Y. Supp.
449.
1869, chap. 880. Boquet river improvement. People
ex rel. Adsit v. Allen (1870) 42 N. Y. 378.
1870, chap. '77, title, i, § i. Albany street improve-
ments, appointment of commissioners. Menges v.
Albany (1874) 56 N. Y. 374.
1870, chap. 282. Railroad aid, towns. People ex rel.
Dunkirk, W. & P. R. Co. v. Batchellor (1873) 53
N. Y. 128, 13 Am. Rep. 480.
1870, chap. 291. See 1893, chap. 694.
1870, chap. 373. Brooklyn park. Brooklyn Park v.
Armstrong (1871) 45 N. Y. 234, 6 Am.- Rep. 70.
Unconstitutional- Statutes — Chronological. 165
1870, chap. 374. Kings county tax collector's term.
People ex rel. Williamson v. McKinney (1873) 52
N. Y. 374.
1870, chap. 382, § 9. New York court attendants. Mur-
ray V. New York (1878) 11 Jones & S. 164.
1870, chap. 385. See 1894, chap. 622.
1870, chap. 394. Surrogate's court, discovery of prop-
erty. Re Beebe (1880) 20 Hun, 462; Re Rosen-
thal (1880) 59 How. Pr. 327.
1870, chap. 467, § 3. County judge's salary. Healey v.
Dudley (1871) 5 Lans. 115.
1870, chap. 470, amended 1871, chap. 282; 1873, chap.
239. Brooklyn city court jurisdiction. Landers
V. Staten Island R. Co. (1873) 53 N. Y. 450;
Hoag V. Lamont (1875) 60 N. Y. 96.
1870, chap. 543. Canal contract. People ex rel. Sher-
rill V. Canal Board (1871) 4 Lans. 272.
1870, chap. 593. New York, Eighth avenue. Re
Blodgett (1882) 89 N. Y. 392.
1870, chap. 619. See 1869, chap. 217, § 4.
1871, chap. 205. Tonnage. Cole v. Johnson {1881) 10
Daly, 258.
1871, chap. 282. See 1870, chap. 470.
1871, chap. 383, § 49. New York tax levy, special ses-
sions. Huber v. People (1872) 49 N. Y. 132.
1871, chap. 385, § I. Newtown, receiver of taxes. Peo-
ple ex rel. Lord v. Crooks (1873) 53 N. Y. 648.
1871, chap. 461. See 1886, chap. 656.
1871, chap. 566. New York drainage. Re Chees-
brough (1879) 17 Hun, 561, affirmed in (1879)
78 N. Y. 232.
1871, chap. 706. McCabe, escheat. McCabe v. Kenny
(1889) 52 Hun, 514, 5 N. Y. Supp. 678.
1871, chap. 809. Validating railroad aid bonds. Hor-
tonv. Thompson (1878) 71 N. Y. 513.
i66 Constitutional History of New York.
1 87 1, chap. 810, § 38. Ratifying assessments, Water-
town. Watertown v. Fairbanks (1875) 65 N. Y.
588.
1 87 1, chap. 882. Eastchester drainage. Re Lent
( 1900) 47 App. Div. 349, 62 N. Y. Supp. 227.
1872, chap. 73. Authorizing sale of infant's estate.
Brevoort v. Grace (1873) 53 N. Y. 245.
1872, chap. 284, § io, amending 1849, chap. 150, § 10.
Albany recorder. Carroll v. Langan (1892) 63
Hun, 380, 18 N. Y. Supp. 290.
1872, chap. 629, § 3. New York marine court, jurisdic-
tion, transferring actions from supreme court. De
Hart V. Hatch (1875) 6 Thomp. & C. 186, 3 Hun,
375-
1872, chap. 700. Creating state debt. People ex rel.
Hopkins V. Kings County ( 1873) 5^ N. Y. 556.
1872, chap. 711. Prospect park, Brooklyn. Re Assess-
ments of Lands (1875) 60 N. Y. 398.
1872, chap. 734. Canal fund deficiencies. People ex
rel. Hopkins v. Kings County (1873) 52 N. Y.
556.
1873, chap. 35. Yonkei-s city court, disorderly persons.
People ex rel. Killmer v. Baird (1877) 4 N. Y.
Week. Dig. 576.
1873, chap. 185; 1874, chap. 503; 1881, chap. 454; 1886,
chap. 312. Beach Pneumatic Transit Co. Astor
V. Arcade R. Co. (1889) 113 N. Y. 93, 2 L. R. A.
789, 20 N. E. 594.
1873, chap. 239. See 1870, chap. 470.
1873, chap. 335, § 4. See 1878, chap. 400.
1873, chap. 335, § 112. New York, preference of ac-
tions. New York v. Broadway 6- S. Ave. R. Co.
(1878) 12 Hun, 571.
Unconstitutional Statutes — Chronological. 167
1873, chap. 452. Acquisition of land for cemeteries. Re
DeansvUle Cemetery Asso. (1876) 66 N. Y. 569,
23 Am. Rep. 86.
1873, chap. 638. Rensselaer police district. People ex
rel. Bolton v. Albertson (1873) 55 N. Y. 50.
1874, chap. 478. New York, Eighth Ave. R. R. New
York V. Eighth Ave. R. Co. (1887) 43 Hun, 614,
affirmed in (1890) 118 N. Y. 389, 23 N. E. 550.
1874, chap. 503. See 1873, chap. 185.
1874, chap. 545, § 4. New York marine court, jurisdic-
tion, transferring actions from supreme court. De
Hart V. Hatch (1875) 6 Thomp. & C. 186, 3
Hun, 375; Alexander v. Bennett (1875) 60 N. Y.
204.
1874, chap. 589, title 18, par. 36. Brooklyn assess-
ments. Re Kiernan (1875) 6 Thomp. & C. 320,
3 Hun, 623, reversed without considering this
question in (1875) 62 N. Y. 457.
187s, chap. 595. New York Elevated R. R. Co.
Auchincloss v. Metropolitan Elev. R. Co. (1902)
69 App. Div. 63, 74 N. Y. Supp. 534.
1876, chap. 66, § 2. Railroad aid, exchanging bonds for
stock. Wheatland v. Taylor (1883) 29 Hun, 70.
1876, chap. 193. Legislative clerks. People ex rel.
Kene v. Olcott (1877) 11 Hun, 610.
1876, chap. 196, § I. Rochester municipal court. Baird
v. Heifer (1896) 12 App. Div. 23, 42 N. Y. Supp.
484.
1878, chap. 59, amending general village law. Street
damages. People ex rel. Eckerson v. Haver-
straw (1896) 151 N. Y. 75, 45 N. E. 384.
• 1878, chap. 206. Brooklyn, Winfield & Newtown R. R.
Co. Re Brooklyn, W. & N. R. Co. (1878) 75
N. Y. 335.
1 68 Constitutional History of New York.
1878, chap. 253. Supervisors, term of office in certain
counties. People ex rel. Hassell v. Hoffman
(1881) 60 How. Pr. 324.
1878, chap. 277. Portchester, vahdating assessments.
Tingue v. Portchester ( 1886) loi N. Y. 294, 4 N.
E. 625.
1878, chap. 400, amending 1873, chap. 335, § 4. New
York, election of aldermen, minority representa-
tion, queer e. People ex rel. Anger stein v. Kenney
(1884) 96 N. Y. 294.
1879, chap. 85, § 4. Middletown waterworks. Re
Middletown (1880) 82 N. Y. 196.
1880, chap. 14. Rochester, taxing canal lands. Elwood
V. Rochester (1887) 43 Hun, 103, affirmed in
(1890) 122 N. Y. 229, 25 N. E. 238.
1880, chap. . 59, § 4. Manhattan Savings Institution,
Yonkers' bonds. People ex rel. Manhattan Sav.
Inst. V. Otis (1882) 90 N. Y. 48.
1880, chap.. 114, § 2. Laying out highways. People
ex rel. Dexter v. M osier (1890) 56 Hun, 64, 8 N.
Y. Supp. 621.
1880, chap. 147. Rochester grade crossings. Egerer v.
New York C. & H. R. R. Co. (1891) 130 N. Y.
108, 14 L. R. A. 381, 29 N. E. 95, ( 1902) 70 App.
Div. 421, 75 N. Y. Supp. 476.
1880, chap. 480. County court, jurisdiction. Buckhout
v. Rail (1882) 28 Hun, 484.
1880, chap. 577. Arcade & Attica R. R. Co. Farnham
V. Benedict (1887) 107 N. Y. 159, 13 N. E. 784.
1880, chap. 582. Underground railroad. Re New York
Dist. R. Co. (1887) 107 N. Y. 42, 14 N. E. 187.
1881, chap. 303. See 1891, chap. 136.
1881, chap. 415. Niagara police district. People ex
rel. Townsend v. Porter ( 1882) 90 N. Y. 68.
Unconstitutional Statutes — Chronological: 169
1881, chap. 432. Passenger tax. People v. Edye
(1882) II Daly, 132; New York v. Compagnie
Generale Transatlantique (1882) 107 U. S. 59, 27
L. ed. 383, 2 Sup. Ct. Rep. 87.
1881, chap. 454. See 1873, chap. 185.
1881, chap. 456. New York, 42d street reservoir.
Webb V. New York (1882) 64 How. Pr. 10.
1881, chap. 518. Brooklyn street railroads. Re Kings
County Elev. R. Co. (1886) 41 Hun, 425, reversed
on other grounds in (1887) 105 N. Y. 97, 59 Am.
Rep. 478, 13 N. E. 18.
1881, chap. 532, amending Code Civ. Proc. § 1041.
Grand jurors, Albany county. People v. Petrea
(1883) 92 N. Y. 128; People v. Fitzpatrick
(1883) 30 Hun, 493; People v. Hooghkerk
(1884) 96N. Y. 149.
1881, chap. 564. Election of justices of peace. People
ex rel. Smith v. Schiellein (1884) 95 N. Y. 124.
1881, chap. 637. Eureka Basin Warehouse & Manufac-
turing Co. Re Eureka Basin Warehouse & Mfg.
Co. (1884) 96N. Y. 42.
1 88 1, chap. 681. See Code Civ. Proc. § 1440.
1882, chap. 92. See 1898, chap. 151.
1882, chap. 145. Care of emigrants. New York v.
Emigration Commissioners (1891) 36 N. Y. S. R.
721.
1882, chap. 251. Supervisors of Albany county peniten-
tiary. People ex rel. McEwan v. Keeler (1883)
29 Hun, 175.
1882, chap. 383. See 1886, chap. 656.
1882, chap. 410, § 677. New York street improvements.
Forster v. Scott (1893) 136 N. Y. 577, 18 L. R.
A. 543, 32 N. E. 976.
170 Constitutional History of New York.
1882, chap. 410, § 1 103. Jurisdiction of supreme court.
Mussen v. Ausable Granite Works ( 1892) 63 Hun,
367, 18 N. Y. Supp. 267; Getman v. New York
(1892) 66 Hun, 236.
1882, chap. 410, § 2143. Bribery in New York. Jaehne
V. New York (1888) 128 U. S. 189, 32 L. ed. 398,
9 Sup. Ct. Rep. 70, affirming (1888) 35 Fed. 357;
People V. O'Neil (1888) 109 N. Y. 251, 16 N. E.
68.
1883, chap. 93. New York, manufacture of tobacco in
tenement houses. Re Paul (1884) 94 N. Y. 497.
1883, chap. 354. Civil service law, department of public
works. People ex rel. Killeen v. Angle (1888)
109 N. Y. 564, 17 N. E. 413.
1883, chap. 523, §§ 126, 127. Poughkeepsie street im-
provements. Seaman v. Dickinson ( 1896) i App.
Div. 19, 36 N. Y. Supp. 748.
1884, chap. 202, amended 1885, chap. 183 ; amended
1885, chap. 458. Oleomargarine. People v. Marx
(1885) 99 N. Y. 377, 52 Am. Rep. 34, 2 N. E.
29; People V. Arensberg (1886) 103 N. Y. 388,
57 Am. Rep. 741, 8 N. E. 736; Waterhury v. Egan
(1893) 3 Misc. 355, 23 N. Y. Supp. 115.
1884, chap. 272. Regulating use of tenements in certain
cities, manufacture of tobacco. Re Jacobs (1885)
98 N. Y. 98, 50 Am. Rep. 636.
1885, chap. 26, § 167, amended 1888, chap. 449. Syra-
cuse street opening. Re Oneida Street (1899) 37
App. Div. 266, 55 N. Y. Supp. 959.
1885, chap. 183. See 1884, chap. 202.
1885, chap. 377. Escheat. Johnston v. Spicer (1887)
107 N. Y. 185, 13 N. E. 753.
1885, chap. 392. East river bridge. Re Nezu York & L.
I. Bridge Co. (1889) 54 Hun, 400, 7 N. Y. Supp.
445-
Unconstitutional Statutes — Chronological. 171
1885, chap. 411, § I. Validating taxes. Hagner v. Hall
(1896) 10 App. Div. 581, 42 N. Y. Supp. 63.
1885, chap. 448, amending 1855, chap. 427. Comptrol-
ler's sales. Joslyn v. Rockwell (1891) 128 N. Y.
334, 28 N. E. 604.
1885, chap. 458. See 1884, chap. 202.
1885, chap. 554. Elevated railroad, illustrative section.
People ex rel. Harvey v. Loew (1886) 102 N. Y.
471, 7N. E. 297.
t886, chap. 244. Board of claims. Gatesv. State {i^i)
128 N. Y. 221, 28 N. E. 373.
1886, chap. 268. See 1886, chap. 310.
1886, chap. 271. See 1886, chap. 310.
1886, chap. 310; 1886, chap. 271 ; 1886, chap. 268. Dis-
solved corporations. People V. O'Brien (1888) iii
N. Y. I, 2 L. R. A. 255, 7 Am. St. Rep. 684, 18
N. E. 692.
1886, chap. 312. See 1873, chap. 185.
1886, chap. 418, amending Code Civ. Proc. New York
city court. Hutkoff v. Demorest (1886) 103 N.
Y. 377, 8 N. E. 899 ; Jones v. Jones ( 1887) 104 N.
Y. 234, 10 N. E. 269.
1886, chap. 510. Board of claims. McDougall v. State
(1888) 109 N. Y. 73, 16 N. E. 78.
t886, chap. 656; 1882, chap. 383; 1871, chap. 461. Long
Island City water rates. Re Union College ( 1891 )
129 N. Y. 308, 29 N. E. 460; Re Flower (1892)
129 N. Y. 643, 29 N. E. 463.
1887, chap. 384, § 265, amended 1890, chap. 561. Roch-
ester police justice, jurisdiction. People v. Upson
(1894) 79 Hun, 87, 29 N. Y. Supp. 615.
1887, chap. 464. Civil service law, preference of vet-
erans modified by Constitution. People ex rel.
Travis V. Durston (1888) 3 N. Y. Supp. 522.
172 Constitutional History of New York.
1887, chap. 479. Ives' pool law. Irving v. Britton
(1894) 8 Misc. 201, 28 N. Y. Supp. 529.
1887, chap. 557. Buffalo parks, i?^ Swyfo/o (1893) 139
N. Y. 422, 34 N. E. 1 103.
1887, chap. 627, § 2. Westchester taxes, validation.
Cromwell v. MacLean (1890) 123 N. Y. 474, 25
N. E. 932.
1887, chap. 691, amending Penal Code. Gift enterprise.
People V. Gillson (1888) 109 N. Y. 389, 4 Am.
St. Rep. 46s, 17 N. E. 343.
1887, chap. 723. Westchester county, Southern boule-
vard. Re Southern Boulevard R. Co. (1890) 58
Hun, 497, 12 N. Y. Supp. 466, appeal dismissed, in
(1891) 128 N. Y. 93, 27 N. E. 1073.
1888, chap. 449. See 1885, chap. 26, § 167.
1888, chap. 498. See Code Civ. Proc. § 401.
1888, chap. 543. Lien on monument. Brooks v. Taytir-
tor (1896) 17 Misc. 534, 40 N. Y. Supp. 445.
1888, chap. 583, title 14, § 51. Brooklyn, condemnation
proceedings. Re Brooklyn (1895) 87 Hun, 54,
33 N. Y. Supp. 869.
1889, chap. 39. See Code Civ. Proc. § 1582.
1890, chap. 58. Corning, justices of the peace. Tobias
V. Perry (1898) 25 Misc. 74, 54 N. Y. Supp. 716.
1890, chap. 95, amending Code Civ. Proc. § 3379.
Queer e, condemnation law. Re St. Lawrence & A.
R. Co. (1892) 133 N. Y. 270, 31 N. E. 218.
1890, chap. 163, § 3. Oaths of exercise commissioners.
People ex rel. Bishop v. Palen (1893) 74 Hun,
289, 26 N. Y. Supp. 225.
1890, chap. 561. See 1887, chap. 384, § 265.
X890, chap. 561, § 29. Rochester municipal court.
Ziegler v. Corwin (1896) 12 App. Div. 60, 42 N.
Y. Supp. 855.
Unconstitutional Statutes — Chronological. 173
1890, chap. 568, §§ 106-116. Highway law, private
roads. Berridge v. Shults (1900) 32 Misc. 444,
66 N. Y. Supp. 204.
1891, chap. 42. Buffalo local improvement, repealing
act. People ex rel. Reynolds v. Buffalo (1893)
140 N. Y. 300, 37 Am. St. Rep. 563, 35 N. E. 485.
1 89 1, chap. 59. New Utrecht, board of improvement.
Parfitt V. Furguson (1899) 159 N. Y. iii, 53 N.
E. 707.
1891, chap. 105, § 184. See 1899, chap. 587.
1891, chap. 105, § 374. Buffalo supervisors. People
ex rel. Howard v. Wende (1898) 25 Misc. 330,
S3 N. Y. Supp. 1039. See 1895, chap. 805, § 24.
1891, chap. 136, amending 1881, chap. 303. Johnstown
streets Re South Market Street (1893) 67 Hun,
594, 22 N. Y. Supp. 432.
1891, chap. 290. Bridge between the counties of Kings
and Queens. People ex rel. Keene v. Queens
County (1894) 142 N. Y. 271, 36 N. E. 1062.
1892, chap. 182, §§ 60, III. Mount Vernon city court.
Pierson v. Fries (1896) 3 App. Div. 418, 38 N. Y.
Supp. 765.
1892, chap. 214. Authorizing women to vote for school
commissioners. Re Cancelation of Names (1893)
5 Misc. 375, 26 N. Y. Supp. 167; Re Woods
(1893) 5 Misc. 575, 26 N. Y. Supp. 169; Re In-
spectors of Election (1893) 25 N. Y. Supp. 1063 ;
Re Gage (1894) 141 N. Y. 112, 25 L. R. A. 781,
35 N. E. 1094.
1892, chap. 401, § 24, amended 1893, chap. 481. Liquor
licenses. People ex rel. Decker v. Waters (1893)
4 Misc. I, 23 N. Y. Supp. 691.
1892, chap. 411. East river bridge. Neiv York & L. I.
Bridge Co. v. Smith ( 1896) 148 N. Y. 540, 42 N.
E. 1088.
174 Constitutional History of New York.
1892, chap. 467. Disorderly person. People ex rel.
Ordway v. St. Saviour's Sanitarium (1898) 34
App. Div. 363, 56 N. Y. Supp. 431.
1892, chap. 488, §§ no, 112. Game law. People v. Buf-
falo Fish Co. ( 1900) 164 N. Y. 93, 52 L. R. A.
803, 79 Am. St. Rep. 622, 58 N. E. 34. See Peo-
ple V. Cone (1901) 33 Misc. 393, 67 N. Y. Supp.
624.
1892, chap. 664. Payment to drafted men. Bush v.
Orange County (1899) 159 N. Y. 212, 45 L. R.
A. 556, 70 Am. St. Rep. 538, 53 N. E. 1121.
1892, chap. 687, § 15. General corporation law, certifi-
cate to foreign corporation. Hargraves Mills v.
Harden (1898) 25 Misc. 665, 56 N. Y. Supp. 937.
1892, chap. 688, § 54, amending stock coi-por. law. Lia-
bility of stockholders. Close v. Noye (1893) 58
N. Y. S. R. 115, 26 N. Y. Supp. 93, reversed with-
out considering the statute of 1892, in (1895) 147
N. Y. 597, 41 N. E. 570.
1893, chap. 148. Changing Essex, county seat. Will-
iams V. Boynton (1895) 147 N. Y. 426, 42 N. E.
184.
1893, chap. 338, § 27, amended 1900, chap. 534. Agri-
cultural law, preservatives. People v. Biesecker
(1901) 169 N. Y. 53, 57 L. R. A. 178, 88 Am.
St. Rep. 534, 61 N. E. 990.
1893, chap. 338, § 50. See 1901, chap. 308.
1893, chap. 481. See 1892, chap. 401, § 24.
1893, chap. 694, amending 1870, chap. 291. Villages,
damages on opening streets. People ex rel. Ecker-
son V. Haverstraw (1896) 151 N. Y. 75, 45 N.
E. 384.
Unconstitutional Statutes — Chronological. 175
1893, chap. 711, § 12. Sale and redemption of lands sold
for taxes, validating proceedings. Ne-ha-sa-ne
Park Asso. v. Lloyd (1896) 7 App. Div. 359, 40
N. Y. Supp. 58.
1894, chap. 284. Village waterworks. Warsaw Water-
works Co. V. Warsaw (1899) 161 N. Y. 176, 55
N. E. 486, citing Skaneateles Waterworks Co. v.
Skaneateles (1899) 161 N. Y. 154, 46 L. R. A.
687, 55 N. E. 562.
1894, chap. 598. West Farms and Morrisania, confirm-
ing proceedings. Rogers V. Union R. Co. (1894)
10 Misc. 57, 30 N. Y. Supp. 855.
1894, chap. 622, amending 1870, chap. 385. Alien labor.
People V. Warren (1895) 13 Misc. 615, 34 N. Y.
Supp. 942.
1894, chap. 698. Labeling prison-made goods from
other states. People v. Hazukins (1895) 85 Hun,
43, 5 Inters. Com. Rep. 228, 32 N. Y. Supp. 524.
1894, chap. 712. See 1851, chap. 207.
1894, chap. 717. Civil service, exempting veterans from
examination. Re Sweeley (1895) 12 Misc. 174,
33 N. Y. Supp. 369, affirmed in (1895) 146 N. Y.
401, 42 N. E. 543.
1895, chap. 167. New York, Vandervoort relief.
Chrystal v. New York (1901) 63 App. Div. 93,
71 N. Y. Supp. 352.
1895, chap. 344, amending civil service acts. Re Keymer
(1896) 148 N. Y. 219, 35 L. R. A. 447, 42 N. E.
667.
1895, chap. 384. Drainage of agricultural land. Re
Tuthill (1900) 163 N. Y. 133, 49 L. R. A. 781, 79
Am. St. Rep. 574, 57 N. E. 303.
1895, chap. 417. Street railroads, free transportation of
policemen and firemen. Wilson v. United Traction
Co. (1902) 72 App. Div. 233, 76 N. Y. Supp. 203.
176 Constitutional History of New York.
1895, chap. 570. Racing law ; unconstitutional as to re-
covery of sweepstakes. Dudley v. Flushing Jockey
Club (1895) 14 Misc. 58, 36 N. Y. Supp. 128.
1895, chap. 633. Warehouse companies. Cottew v.
Dube (1900) 32 Misc. 632, 66 N. Y. Supp. 491;
Milligan v. Brooklyn Warehouse & Storage Co.
(1901) 34 Misc. 55, 68 N. Y. Supp. 744; Follett
Wool Co. V. Albany Terminal Warehouse Co.
(1901) 61 App. Div. 296, 70 N. Y. Supp. 474.
189s, chap. 805, § 24, amending 1891, chap. 105, § 374.
Buffalo supervisors. People ex rel. Howard v.
Erie County (1899) 42 App. Div. 510, 59 N. Y.
Supp. 476, affirmed in (1899) 160 N. Y. 687, 55
N. E. 1099.
1895, chap. 1027. Railroads, mileage books. Beard-
sley V. New York, L. E. & W. R. Co. (1900) 162
N. Y. 230, 56 N. E. 488; Watson v. Delaware
L. & W. R. Co. (1900) 32 Misc. 311, 66 N. Y.
Supp. 798.
1896, chap. 22, §§19, 20. Fort Edward, justice of the
peace. People ex rel. Burby v. Rowland (1898)
155 N. Y. 270, 41 L. R. A. 838, 49 N. E. 775;
People ex rel. Ryan v. Washington County ( 1898)
15s N. Y. 295, 49 N. E. 779.
1896, chap. 112, § 28, subsec. 2. See 1901, chap. 640.
1896, chap. 141. Long Island City, exempt firemen's
fund. Exempt Firemen's Asso. v. Exempt Fire-
men's Benev. Fund (1898) 34 App. Div. 138, 54
N. Y. Supp. 621.
1896, chap. 376, § 29. Domestic commerce law (milk
cans). Bell v. Niewahner (1900) 54 App. Div.
530, 66 N. Y. Supp. 1096; Warner v. Palmer
(1901) 66 App. Div. 127, 72 N. Y. Supp. 703.
Unconstitutional Statutes — Chronological. 177
1896, chap. 383. Protection of oysters. Colon v. Lisk
(1897) 153 N. Y. 188, 60 Am. St. Rep. 609, 47
N. E. 302.
1896, chap. 424. Kings county coroners. Re Burger
(1897) 21 Misc. 370, 47 N. Y. Supp. 292.
1896, chap. 427. Albany pohce bill. Rathbone v. Wirth
(1896) 150 N. Y. 459, 34 L. R. A. 408, 45 N. E.
15-
1896, chap. 448. Dog licenses. Fox v. Mohawk & H.
River Humane Soc. (1901) 165 N. Y. 517, 51 L.
R. A. 681, 80 Am. St Rep. 767, 59 N. E. 353.
1896, chap. 529, § 82. Port Jervis, action for damages.
Barry v. Port Jervis (1901) 64 App. Div. 268, 72
N. Y. Supp. 104; Green v. Port Jervis (1900) 31
Misc. 59, 64 N. Y. Supp. 547.
1896, chap. 547, § 83. Real property law, release of
trust by beneficiary. Omatt v. Hopkins (1897) 20
App. Div. 168, 46 N. Y. Supp. 959.
1896, chap. 727. New York, Riverside park. Re New
York (1901) 34 Misc. 719, 70 N. Y. Supp. 227.
1896, chap. 772. Kings county, district attorney. Peo-
ple ex rel. Eldred v. Palmer ( 1897) 154 N. Y. 133,
47 N. E. 1084.
1896, chap. 803. New York plumbers. Schnaier v.
Navarre Hotel & Improv. Co. (1905) 182 N. Y.
83, 74 N. E. 561.
1896, chap. 931. Labeling prison-made goods. People
V. Hawkins (1898) 157 N. Y. i, 42 L. R. A. 490,
68 Am. St. Rep. 736, 51 N. E. 257, affirming
( 1897) 20 App. Div. 494, 47 N. Y. Supp. 56.
1897, chap. III. Oneida tax collectors. Mercer v.
Floyd (1898) 24 Misc. 164, 53 N. Y. Supp. 433.
1897, chap. 281. See Code Civ. Proc. § 394.
Vol. V. Const. Hist. — 12.
[78 Constitutional History of New York.
1897, chap. 286. Highways in special cases. Re Henne-
herger (1898) 155 N. Y. 420, 42 L. R. A. 132, 50
N. E. 61.
1897, chap. 378. New York municipal court, jurisdic-
tion. Rieser v. Charles F. Parker & Co. (1899)
27 Misc. ,205, 57 N. Y. Supp. 745 (foreign cor-
poration) ; Pierson v. Ward (1899) 27 Misc, 793,
58 N. Y. Supp. 362 (nonresident) ; Tyroler v.
Gummersbach (1899) 28 Misc. 151, 59 N. Y.
Supp. 266, 319 (nonresident); McConologue v.
McCaffrey (1899) 29 Misc. 139, 60 N. Y. Supp.
279 (equity).
1897, chap. 378, §§ 707-711. New York, commitment of
intoxicated persons. Re Kenny (1898) 23 Misc.
9, 49 N. Y. Supp. 1037, affirmed in (1898) 30
App. Div. 624.
1897, chap. 378, §§ 1392, 1394. New York city magis-
trates. Kelly V. Van Wyck (1901) 35 Misc. 210,
71 N. Y. Supp. 814. See 1901, chap. 466, § 1392.
1897, chap. 378, § 12 12, amended 1900, chap. 663. Dis-
posal of garbage. New York Sanitary Utilization
Co. V. Health Department (1901) 61 App. Div.
106, 70 N. Y. Supp. 510.
1897, chap. 378. See 1901, chap. 466, § 1560.
1897, chap. 415, § 3. See 1899, chaps. 192, 567.
1897, chap. 415, § no. Bakeries, hours of labor in.
Lochner v. New York (1905) 198 U. S. 45, 49 L.
ed. 937, 25 Sup. Ct. Rep. 539, reversing (1904)
177 N. Y. 145, loi Am. St. Rep. 773, 69 N. E.
373-
1897, chap. 415, §§ 180-184; 1899, chap. 558; 1903,
chap. 151. Horse-shoeing. People v. Beattie
(1904) 96 App. Div. 383, 89 N. Y. Supp. 193.
1897, chap. 415. Labor law, municipal corporations,
stone cut in the state. People ex rel. Treat v. Coler
(190T) t66 N. Y. 144, 59 N. E. 776.
Unconstitutional Statutes — Chronological. 179
1897, chap. 506. Brokerage in passage tickets. People
ex rel. Tyroler v. City Prison (1898) 157 N. Y.
116, 43 L. R. A. 264, 68 Am. St. Rep. 763, 51 N.
E. 1006'.
1897, chap. 592, § 63. Albany harbor master's fees.
Way V. New Jersey S. B. Co. (1904) 133 Fed.
188.
1898, chap. 151, amending 1882, chap. 92. Turnpike
companies, bicycle fees. Rochester & C. Tump.
Road Co. V. Joel (1899) 41 App. Div. 43, 58 N.
Y. Supp. 346.
1898, chap. 257; 1900, chap. 166. Mount Sinai hospital.
Mount Sinai Hospital v. Hyman ( 1904) 92 App.
Div. 270, 87 N. Y. Supp. 276.
1898, chap. 398. New York police (New Utrecht).
People ex rel. White v. York (1898) 35 App. Div.
300, 55 N. Y. Supp. 10, affirmed in (1899) 158
N. Y. 670, 52 N. E. 1 125.
1898, chap. 469. Diversion of water. Hempstead v.
New York (1900) 52 App. Div. 182, 65 N. Y.
Supp. 14.
1899, chap. 34. Swedon police justice. People ex rel.
Holmes v. Lane (1900) 53 App. Div. 531, 65 N.
Y. Supp. 1004.
1899, chap. 76. Taxing vested remainders and rever-
sions. Re Pell (1902) 171 N. Y. 48, 57 L. R. A.
540, 89 Am. St. Rep. 791, 63 N. E. 789.
1899, chaps. 192, 567, amending 1897, chap. 415, § 3.
Labor law, rate of wages. People ex rel. Rodgers
V. Coler (1901) 166 N. Y. i, 52 L. R. A. 814, 82
Am. St. Rep. 605, 59 N. E. 716; Ryan v. New
York (1903) 78 App. Div. 134, 79 N. Y. Supp.
599-
i8o Constitutional History of New York.
1899, chap. 370, § 13. Civil service appointments. Peo-
ple ex rel. Balcom v. Masher (1900) 163 N. Y.
32, 79 Am. St. Rep. 552, 57 N. E. 88.
1899, chap. 558. See 1897, chap. 415, §§ 180-184.
1899, chap. 567. See 1899, chap. 192.
1899, chap. 587, amending 1891, chap. 105, § 184. Buf-
falo police commissioners, tribunal to try charges
against. Re Rupp (1899) 28 Misc. 703, 59 N. Y.
Supp. 997, affirmed in (1899) 45 App. Div. 631,
61 N. Y. Supp. 1 147.
1899, chap. 700. Reimbursing officers. Re Straus
(1899) 44 App. Div. 425, 61 N. Y. Supp. 37; Re
Jensen (1899) 44 App. Div. 509, 60 N. Y. Supp.
933; Re Fallon (1899) 28 Misc. 748, 59 N. Y.
Supp. 849; Chapman v. New York (1901) 168 N.
Y. 80, 56 L. R. A. 846, 85 Am. St. Rep. 665, .61
N. E. 108.
1899, chap, 711. New York, ascertainment of damages
in certain cases. People ex rel. Stephens v. Phil-
lips (1903) 88 App. Div. 560, 85 N. Y. Supp. 200.
1900, chap. 166. See 1898, chap. 257.
1900, chap. 367. See 1901, chap. 640.
1900, chap. 534. See 1893, chap. 338, § 27.
1900, chap. 614. Niagara county supervisors. Re
Greene (1901) 166 N. Y. 485, 60 N. E. 183.
1900, chap. 625, amending Code Crim. Proc. § 444. In-
dictment, conviction for lesser offense. People v.
Cox ( 1901 ) 67 App. Div. 344, 73 N. Y. Supp. 774.
1900, chap. 663. See 1897, chap. 378, § 1212.
1900, chap. 725. New York teachers' pensions. Mahon
v. Board of Education (1902) 171 N. Y. 263, 89
Am. St. Rep. 810, 63 N. E. 1107.
1900, chap. 742. Modifying judgments in divorce. Liv-
ingston v. Livingston (1903) 173 N. Y. 377, 61
L. R. A. 800, 93 Am. St. Rep. 600, 66 N. E. 123.
Unconstitutional Statutes — Chronological. i8i
1900, chap. 768, amending Penal Code, § 384/'. Trading
stamps. People ex rel. Madden v. Dycker (1902)
72 App. Div. 308, 76 N. Y. Supp. III.
1901, chap. 128. Second class cities, real estate agents.
Grossman v. C amines (1903) 79 App. Div. 15, 79
N. Y. Supp, 900; Cody v. Dempsey (1903) 86
App. Div. 335. Apparently contrary, Whiteley v.
Terry (1903) 83 App. Div. 197, 82 N. Y. Supp.
89.
1901, chap. 178. Saratoga Springs, hackstands. Sara-
toga Springs v. Van N order (1902) 75 App. Div.
204, yy N. Y. Supp. 1020.
1901, chaps. 200, 719. Legalizing Rochester assessment.
Rochester v. Bloss (1902) yy App. Div. 28, 79 N.
Y. Supp. 236.
1901, chap. 308, amending 1893, chap. 338, § 50. Adul-
teration of vinegar. People v. Windholz (1904)
92 App. Div. 569, 86 N. Y. Supp. 1015.
1901, chap. '334, § 4. Tenement houses in cities of the
first class. Signell v. Wallace (1901) 35 Misc.
656, 72 N. Y. Supp. 348.
1901, chap. 466, § 94. New York mayor's term. People
V. Fitzgerald (1905) 180 N. Y. 269, 89 N. Y.
,Supp. 268.
1901, chap. 466, § 1392, amending 1897, chap. 378, §§
1 392- 1 394. New York city magistrates. People
V. Dooley (1902) 171 N. Y. 74, 63 N. E. 815.
1901, chap. 466, § 1560, amending 1897, chap. 378. Pen-
sioners prohibited from holding any city office.
People ex rel. Price v. Woodhury (1902) 38 Misc.
189, yy N. Y. Supp. 241.
1901, chap. 602. Kings county, commissioner of jurors.
Re Brenner (1902) 170 N. Y. 185, 63 N. E. 133.
i82 Constitutional History of New York.
1901, chap. 639. Brokerage in passage tickets. People
ex rel. Fleischman v. Caldwell (1901) 64 App.
Div. 46, 71 N. Y. Supp. 654, affirmed in (1901)
168 N. Y. 671, 61 N. E. 1 132; People ex rel. Weil
V. Hagan (1901) 35 Misc. 155, 71 N. Y. Supp.
461.
1901, chap. 640; 1900, chap. 367, amending 1896, chap.
112, § 28, subsec. 2. Cancelation of liquor tax
certificate. Re Cullinan (Kray Certificate), (1903)
82 App. Div. 445, 81 N. Y. Supp. 567, (1904) 97
App. Div. 122, 89 N. Y. Supp. 683.
1901, chap. 719. See 1901, chap. 200.
1902, chap. 3. Second class cities, salary of aldermen.
Young V. Rochester (1902) 73 App. Div. 81, 76
N. Y. Supp. 224.
1902, chap. 127. Albany penitentiary. People ex rel.
Corscadden v. Howe (1904) 177 N. Y. 499, 66
L. R. A. 664, 69 N. E. 1 1 14.
1902, chap. 528, amended 1904, chap. 569. Eegulating
sales of merchandise in bulk. Wright v. Hart
(1905) 182 N. Y. 330, 75 N. E. 404.
1902, chap. 572, § 30. Middletown charter, written
notice of snow or ice on sidewalk. McMullen v.
Middletown (1905) 46 Misc. 360, 92 N..Y. Supp.
410.
1903, chap. 8. Elmira, city chamberlain. Re House
(1903) 88 App. Div. 242, 85 N. Y. Supp. 462.
1903, chap. 151. See 1897, chap. 415, §§ 180-184.
1903, chap. 252, amending Brooklyn charter. Use of
property fronting on Eastern Parkway. People
ex rel. Dilzer v. C alder (1903) 89 App. Div. 503,
85 N. Y, Supp. 1015.
Unconstitutional Statutes — Chronological. 183
1903, chap. 383, amending public health law, § 20.
Vacancies in local boards of health. People ex rel.
Bush V. Houghton (1905) 102 App. Div. 209, 92
N. Y. Supp. 661.
1904, chap. 569. See 1902, chap. 528.
1904, chap. 657, amending Penal Code, § 3845. Trading
stamps. People ex rel. Appel v. Zimmerman
(1905) 102 App. Div. 103, 92 N. Y. Supp. 497.
Revised Laws of 181 3.
1 Rev. Laws, 460. Discharging insolvent debtor. Re
Wendell (1821) 19 Johns. 153.
2 Rev. Laws, 416, § 179. New York street improve-
ments. Embury v. Conner (1850) 3 N. Y. 511, 53 Am.
Dec. 325. See Re Albany Street (1834) 11 Wend. 14.8,
25 Am. Dec. 618.
REVISED STATUTES.
I Rev. Stat. 164, §§ 8-1 1 (i Edm. 163, 164). Extra-
dition, fugitives from foreign country. People ex rel.
Barlow V. Curtis (1872) 50 N. Y. 321, 10 Am. Rep. 483.
I Rev. Stat. 445, § 7. Steamboat passenger tax. Smith
v. Turner (1849) 7 How. 283, 12 L. ed. 702. The con-
trary view had been held in People v. Brooks (1847) 4
Denio, 469.
I Rev. Stat. 445, § 10 (i Edm. 392). Marine hospital
fund. People v. Brooks (1847) 4 Denio, 469.
I Rev. Stat. 514, § 58 (i Edm. 473). Highways
through unimproved lands without owner's consent.
Wallace v. Karlenozvefski (1854) 19 Barb. 118; Gould
v. Glass .(i8e,s) 19 Barb. 179.
I Rev. Stat. 517, § 77 (i Edm. 476). Highways, pri-
vate roads. Taylor v. Porter ( 1843) 4 Hill, 140, 40 Am.
Dec. 274.
I Rev. Stat. 638, §1(1 Edm. 591). Summary punish-
184 Constitutional History of New York.
ment. Warren v. People (1857) 3 Park. Crim. Rep.
544-
2 Rev. Stat. 560, §§ 6-19 (2 Edm. 580). Fugitive
slaves. Jack v. Martin (1834) 12 Wend. 312, (1835) I4
Wend. 507.
CODE OF PROCEDURE.
§ 30. County court, jurisdiction, assault and battery.
Kundolf v. Thalheimer (1855) 12 N. Y. 593.
§ 121. Abatement of actions. Vrooman v. Jones
(1851) 5 How. Pr. 369.
CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE.
§ 90. New York, clerk of court as referee. Stand-
fast V. Crotty (1891) 37 N. Y. S. R. 672, 13 N. Y. Supp.
584.
§ 263. New York superior court, jurisdiction. Pop-
linger V. Yutte (1886) 102 N. Y. 38, 6 N. E. 259; Flynn
V. Central R. Co. (1894) 142 N. Y. 439, 37 N. E. 514.
§ 394, as amended 1897, chap. 281. Limitation of
action against director of moneyed corporation, not retro-
spective. Gilbert v. Ackerman (1899) 159 N. Y. 118,
45L. R. A. 118, S3N. E. 753.
§ 401, amended 1888, chap. 498. Limitation of ac-
tions against nonresidents, not retrospective. First Nat.
Bank V. Bissell (1889) 24 N. Y. S. R. 909, 7 N. Y. Supp.
53-
§ 709. Sheriff's lien on attachment. Bowe v. United
States Reflector Co. (1885) 36 Hun, 407; Union Distill-
ing Co. V. Union Pharmaceutical Co. (1889) 24 Jones &
S. 417, 6 N. Y. Supp. 539.
§ 793. Preferences in civil actions. Riglander v.
Star Co. (1904) 98 App. Div. loi, 90 N. Y. Supp. 772;
Martin's Bank v. Amazonas Co. (1904) 98 App. Div.
Unconstitutional Statutes — Chronological. 185
146, 90 N. Y. Supp. 734; Woerner v. Star Co. (1905)
107 App. Div. 248, 94 N. Y. Supp. 1 1 17.
§ 856. Commitment of defaulting witness. Re Grout
(1905) 105 App. Div. 98, 93 N. Y. Supp. 711.
§ 920. Commissioner to take testimony in foreign
action, cannot punish for contempt. People ex rel. Mac-
Donald V. Leubischer (1898) 34 App. Div. 577, 54 N. Y.
Supp. 869.
§ 1041. See 1881, chap. 532.
§ 1421. Substituting sheriff's indemnitors. Levy v.
Dunn (1899) 160 N. Y. 504, 73 Am. St. Rep. 699, 55 N.
E. 288.
§ 1440, amended 1881, chap. 681. Sheriff's sale, de-
fective title. Gilman v. Tucker ( 1891 ) 128 N. Y. 190, 13
L. R. A. 304, 26 Am. St.. Rep. 464, 28 N. E. 1040.
§ 1582, amended 1889, chap. 39. Unknown heirs.
People ex rel. Miller v. Ryder (1891) 124 N. Y. 500, 26
N. E. 1040; People ex rel. GrifUn v. Ryder (1892) 65
Hun, 175, 19 N. Y. Supp. 977.
§ 1986. Attorney general, extra compensation. Peo-
ple ex rel. Gould v. Mutual Union Teleg. Co. (1882) 2
N. Y. Civ. Proc. Rep. (McCarty) 295.
§ 3226. Rochester municipal court. Ziegler v. Cor-
win (1896) 12 App. Div. 60, 42 N. Y. Supp. 855.
§ 3379- See 1890, chap. 95.
PENAL CODE.
§ ^ix. Candidates' expenses. Stryker v. Churchill
(1903) 39 Misc. 578, 80 N. Y. Supp. 588.
§ 342. Privilege of witness. People ex rel. Lewisohn
V. O'Brien (1903) 81 App. Div. 51, 80 N. Y. Supp. 816.
See amendment 1904, chap. 649, and People ex rel. Lew-
isohn V. General Sessions Court (1904) 96 App. Div.
201, 89 N. Y. Supp. 364, affirmed 179 N. Y. 594, 72 N.
E. 1 148.
§ 384/1, subsec. I. Hours of labor. People v. Orange
i86 Constitutional History of New York.
County Road Constr. Co. (1903) 175 N. Y. 84, 65 L. R.
A. 33, 67 N. E. 129.
§ 384/1. See 1900, chap. 768.
§ 3849. See 1904, chap. 657.
§ 640, subsec. 16. Use of flag. People ex rel. Mc-
Pike V. Van De Carr (1904) 178 N. Y. 425, 66 L. R. A.
189, 70 N. E. 965.
CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE.
§ 6i8a (Laws 1902, chap. 94). Compelling resident
to attend as a witness in a court in another state. Re
Pennsylvania (1904) 45 Misc. 46, 90 N. Y. Supp. 808.
Unconstitutional Statutes.
B. topical.
Action.
Right of, not affected by repeal of statute. 1854, chap.
282. Conant v. Van Schaick (1857) 24 Barb. 87.
Albany.
Penitentiary, local law. 1902, chap. 127. People ex
rel. Corscadden v. Howe ( 1904) 177 N. Y. 499, 69 N. E.
1 1 14.
Recorder, jurisdiction limited. 1872, chap. 284, § 10,
amending 1849, chap. 150, § 10. Carroll v. Langan
(1892) 63 Hun, 380, 18 N. Y. Supp. 290.
Animals at Large.
Confiscation without notice to owner. 1862, chap. 459.
Rockwell V. Nearing (1866) 35 N. Y. 302.
Arbitration.
Not compulsory, i860, chap 449, § 4. Baldwin v.
New York (1865) 30 How. Pr. 289.
Unconstitutional Statutes — Topical. 187
Assembly.
District cannot be altered except after enumeration.
1858, chap. 341. Kinne v. Syracuse (1866) 2 Abb. App.
Dec. 534.
Attorneys.
Admission of. i860, chap. 187. Re New York Uni-
versity (i860) 31 Barb. 353. See Re Cooper (i860) 22
N. Y. 67.
Authorizing unlicensed persons to practice. 1847,
chap. 470. McKoan v. Devries ( 1848) 3 Barb. 196 ; 5m/-
lard V. Van Tassell (1848) 3 How. Pr. 402,
Attorney General.
Extra compensation. Code Civ. Proc. § 1986. People
exrel. Gould v. Mutual Union Teleg. Co. (1882) 2 N. Y.
Civ. Proc. Rep. (McCarty) 295.
Banks.
Suspension act of 1837, two-thirds vote necessary.
1837, chap. 450. Commercial Bank v. Sparrow (1846)
2 Denio, 97.
Two-thirds vote necessary for general act authorizing
the formation of banking corporations. 1838, chap. 260.
De Bow V. People (1845) ^ Denio, 9. Overruled in Gif-
ford V. Livingston (1845) 2 Denio, 380.
Beach Pneumatic Transit Company.
Local law. 1873, chap. 185; 1874, chap. 503; 1881,
chap. 454; 1886, chap. 312. Astor v. Arcade R. Co.
(1889) 113 N. Y. 93, 2 L. R. A. 789, 20 N. E. 594.
Boquet River Improvement.
Two-thirds vote. 1869, chap. 880. People ex rel. Ad-
sit V. Allen (1870) 42 N. Y. 378.
Bridges.
Special act. 1891, chap. 290. People ex rel. Keene v.
Queens County (1894) 142 N. Y. 271, 36 N. E. 1062.
i88 Constitutional History of New York.
Brooklyn.
Assessments, local law. 1874, chap. 589, title 18, §
36. Re Kiernan (1875) 6 Thomp. & C. 320, 3 Hun, 623.
Reversed, without considering this question, in (1875)
62 N. Y. 457-
City court, jurisdiction. 1870, chap. 470, amended
1 87 1, chap. 282; 1873, chap. 239. Landers v. Staten
Island R. Co. (1873) 53 N. Y. 450; Hoag v. Lamont
(1875) 60N.Y.96.
Prospect park, local law. 1872, chap. 711. Re Assess-
ments of Lands (1875) 60 N. Y. 398.
Streets, local law. 1869, chap. 507. People ex rel.
Pratt V. Brooklyn (1870) 13 Abb. Pr. N. S. 121.
Widening certain streets, local law. 1868, chap. 631.
Re Sackett, D. & De G. Street (1878) 74 N. Y. 95.
Canals.
Contract price cannot be increased. 1870, chap. 543.
People ex rel. Sherrill v. Canal Board (1871) 4 I^ns.
272.
Taxation of canal lands not permitted. 1880, chap. 14.
Elwood V. Rochester (1887) 43 Hun, 103, affirmed in
(1890) 122 N. Y. 229, 25 N. E. 238.
Citizens.
Pensioners cannot be excluded from right to hold of-
fice. 1901, chap. 466, § 1560, amending 1897, chap. 378.
People ex rel. Price v. Woodbury (1902) 38 Misc. 189,
y; N. Y. Supp. 241.
Civil Service.
Appointments from those graded highest on list. 1899,
chap. 370, § 13. People ex rel. Balcom v. Mosher ( 1900)
163 N. Y. 32, 79 Am. St. Rep. 552, 57 N. E. 88.
Exempting veterans from examination. 1894, chap.
717. Re Sweeley (1895) 12 Misc. 174, 33 N. Y. Supp.
369, affirmed in (1895) 146 N. Y. 401, 42 N. E. 543.
Unconstitutional Statutes — Topical. 189
1895, chap. 344. Re Keymer (1896) 148 N. Y. 219, 35
L. R. A. 447, 42 N. E. 667.
Modified by Constitution. 1883, chap. 354. People
ex rel. Killeen v. Angle (1888) 109 N. Y. 564, 17 N. K
413-
Preference of veterans, modified by Constitution. 1887,
chap. 464. People ex rel. Travis v. Durston (1888) 3 N.
Y. Supp. 522.
Commerce.
Federal powers supreme. 1868, chap. 864, amended
1869, chap. 282. Coxe v. State (1895) 144 N. Y. 396,
39 N. E. 400.
Foreign corporation. 1892, chap. 687, § 15. Har-
graves Milts v. Harden (1898) 25 Misc. 665, 56 N. Y.
Supp. 937.
Importing fish. 1892, chap. 488, §§ no, 112. People
V. Buffalo Fish Co. (1900) 164 N. Y. 93, 52 L. R. A.
803, 79 Am. St. Rep. 622, 58 N. E. 34. See People v.
Cone ( 1901 ) 33 Misc. 393, 67 N. Y. Supp. 624.
Marine hospital fund, i Rev. Stat. 445, §10(1 Edm.
392). People V. Brooks (1847) 4 Denio, 469.
Passenger tax. 1849, chap. 350. Henderson v. New
York (1875) 92 U. S. 259, 23 L. ed. 543.
Passenger tax, aliens. 1881, chap. 432. People v.
Edye (1882) 11 Daly, 132; New York v. Compagnie
Generale Transatlantique (1882) 107 U. S. 59, 27 L. ed.
383, 2 Sup. Ct Rep. 87.
Port Wardens, intrusion into office. 1819, chap. 18,
amended 1844, chap. 89. New York v. Cartwright
(1850) 4 Sandf. 236.
Prison-made goods. 1894, chap. 698. People v. Haw-
kins (1895) 85 Hun, 43, 5 Inters. Com. Rep. 228, 32 N.
Y. Supp. 524. 1896, chap. 931. People v. Hawkins
(1898) 157 N. Y. I, 42 L. R. A. 490, 68 Am. St. Rep.
igo Constitutional History of New York.
736, 51 N. E. 257, affirming (1897) 20 App. Div. 494,
47 N. Y. Supp. 56.
State cannot tax imports. 1866, chap. 547. People v.
Maring (1867) 3 Keyes, 374.
Steamboat passenger tax. i Rev. Stat. 445, § 7. Smith
V. Turner (1849) 7 How. 283, 12 L. ed. 702. The con-
trary view has been held in People v. Brooks (1847) 4
Denio, 469.
Steamboat privilege. 1787, chap. 57; 1798, chap. 55;
1803, chap. 94; 1807, chap. 165; 1808, chap. 225; 181 1,
chap. 200. Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) 9 Wheat, i, 6 L.
ed. 23.
Stone cut in the state. 1897, chap. 415. People ex rel.
Treat v. Coler (1901) 166 N. Y. 144, 59 N. E. 776.
Tonnage. 1862, chap. 487, amended 1865, chap. 586.
Inman S. S. Co. v. Tinker (1876) 94 U. S. 238, 24 L. ed.
118. 1867, chap. 256; 1871, diap. 205. Cole v. Johnson
(1 881) 10 Daly, 258. 1897, chap. 592, § 63. Way v.
Neiv Jersey S. B. Co. (1904) 133 Fed. 188.
Common School Fund.
Not available for normal schools. 1866, chap. 466, §
7. Gordon v. Comes (1872) 47 N. Y. 608.
Not available for astronomical observatory. 1868,
chap. 254. People ex rel. Schenectady Astronomical Ob-
servatory V. Allen (1870) 42 N. Y. 404.
Corporations.
Banks, enabling state banks to become national banking
associations. 1865, chap. 97. Van Allen v. Assessors
(1865) 3 Wall. 573, 18 L. ed. 229, reaffirmed in New
Fork V. Tax &■ A. Comrs. ( 1876) 94 U. S. 415, 24 L. ed.
164.
Dissolution. 1886, chap. 310; 1886, chap. 271; 1886,
chap. 268. People v. O'Brien (1888) iii N. Y. i, 2 L.
R. A. 25s, 7 Am. St. Rep. 684, 18 N. E. 602.
Unconstitutional Statutes — Topical. 191
Insolvent insurance companies, legislature cannot re-
lieve stockholders as to debts existing at time of dissolu-
tion. 1814, chap. 172. Van Hook v. Whitlock (1841)
26 Wend. 43, 37 Am. Dec. 246.
Liability of stockholders, stock corporation law. 1892,
chap. 688, § 54, amending stock corpor. law. Close v.
Noye (1893) 58 N. Y. S. R. 115, 26 N. Y. Supp. 93, re-
versed, without considering the statute of 1892, in
(189s) 147 N. Y. 597, 41 N. E. 570.
Council of Appointment.
Powers not subject to legislative regulation. 1808.
chap. 216, § 13. People v. Foot (1821) 19 Johns. 58.
County Court.
Constitutional jurisdiction cannot be enlarged. 1847.
chap. 280, § 30. Griswold v. Sheldon (1851) 4 N. Y.
581 ; Kundolf v. Thalheimer (1855) 12 N. Y. 593.
Jurisdiction. 1880, chap. 480. Buckout v. Rail
(1882) 28 Hun, 484.
Jurisdiction, assault and battery. Code Proc § 30.
Kundolf V. Thalheimer (1855) 12 N. Y. 593.
County Judge.
Salary. 1870, chap. 467, § 3. Healey v. Dudley
(1871) sLans. 115.
County Seat.
Special law. 1893, chap. 148. Williams v. Boynton
(1895) 147 N. Y. 426, 42 N. E. 184.
Death Penalty.
Statute must not be retrospective, i860, chap. 410,
amended 1861, chap. 303. Hartung v. People (i860) 22
N. Y. 95; Shepherd v. People (1862) 25 N. Y. 406;
Kuckler v. People (1862) 5 Park. Crim. Rep. 212; Hor-
Hing v. People (1863) 26 N. Y. 167.
tga Constitutional History of New York.
Divorce.
Alimony, modifying judgment. 1900, chap. 742. Liv-
ingston V. Livingston (1903) 173 N. Y. 377, 61 L. R. A.
800, 93 Am. St. Rep. 600, 66 N. E. 123.
Drainage.
Agricultural lands, adjoining owner not liable to as-
sessment. 1895, chap. 384. Re Tuthill (1900) 163 N.
Y. 133, 49 L. R. A. 781, 79 Am. St. Rep. 574, 57 N. E.
303-
Compensation. 1854, chap. 396. Hartwell v. Arm-
strong (1854) 19 Barb. 166. 1871, chap. 566. Re
Cheesbrough (1879) 17 Hun, 561, affirmed in (1879)
78 N. Y. 232.
Compensation, legislature cannot designate persons to
appraise damages. 1858, chap. 266, amended i860, chap.
258. People ex rel. Cook v. Hearing (1863) 27 N. Y.'
306.
Compensation, owner entitled to hearing. 1867, chap.
372. People ex rel. PtUman v. Henion (1892) 64 Hun,
471, 19 N. Y. Supp. 488.
Owner entitled to hearing. 1871, chap. 882. Re Lent
( 1900) 47 App. Div. 349, 62 N. Y. Supp. 227.
Due Process.
Commissioner to take testimony in foreign action can-
not punish for contempt. Code Civ. Proc. § 920. People
ex rel. MacDonald v. Leubischer (1898) 34 App. Div.
577, 54 N. Y. Supp. 869.
Sheriff's sale, defective title. Code Civ. Proc. § 1440,
amended 1881, chap. 681. Gilmanv. Tucker (1891) 128
N. Y. 190, 13 L. R. A. 304, 26 Am. St. Rep. 464, 28 N.
E. 1040.
East River Bridge.
Local law. 1892, chap. 411. New York &■ L. L
Unconstitutional Statutes — Topical. 193
Bridge Co. v. Smith (1896) 148 N. Y. 540, 42 N. E.
1088.
Emigration.
Operation of state laws limited. 1882, chap. 145. New
York V. Emigration Comrs. (1891) 36 N. Y. S. R. 721,
13 N. Y. Supp. 751,
Eminent Domain.
Cemetery association, not a public purpose. 1873, chap.
452. Re Deansville Cemetery Asso. (1876) 66 N. Y.
569, 23 Am. Rep. 86.
Compensation. 1809, chap. 119. Gardner v. New-
burgh (1816) 2 Johns. Ch. 162, 7 Am. Dec. 526. 1849,
chap. 184, §§ 60-64. Clark v. Utica (1854) 18 Barb.
451. 1850, chap. 262, § 193. House v. Rochester (1853)
15 Barb. 517. 1853, chap. 230. Ganson v. Buffalo
(1864) 2 Abb. App. Dec. 236, i Keyes, 454. 1863, chap.
269. Hopkins V. Mason ( 1871 ) 61 Barb. 469.
Compensation, appointment of commissioners. 1870,
chap, yy, title i, § i. Menges v. Albany ( 1874) 56 N. Y.
374-
Compensation, commissioners. 1844, chap. 86. Hil-
ton V. Bender (iSyy) 69 N. Y. 75.
Compensation, court cannot increase or diminish
award. 1852, chap. 356, pars. 8-1 1. Rochester Water-
works Co. V. Wood (1871) 60 Barb. 137. 1857, chap.
156, § 12. Re Malone Waterworks Co. (1891) 38 N. Y.
S. R. 95, 15 N. Y. Supp. 649.. 1879, chap. 85, § 4. Re
Middletown (1880) 82 N. Y. 196.
Compensation, easement. Eastern parkway, Brooklyn.
1903, chap. 252. People ex rel. Dilser v. Colder (1903)
89 App. Div. 503, 85 N. Y. Supp. 1015.
Compensation, highway. 1868, chap. 552. Mitchell
V. White Plains (1891) 62 Hun, 231, 16 N. Y. Supp. 828,
affirmed in (1893) 138 N. Y. 627, 33 N. E. 1083.
Vol. V. Const. Hist. — 13.
194 Constitutional History of New York.
Compensation, highways through unimproved lands, i
Rev. Stat. 514, § 58 (i Edm. 473). Wallace v. Karlen-
ozvefski (1854) 19 Barb. 118; Gould v. Glass (1855) 19
Barb. 179.
Compensation, jurisdiction of local court (Buffalo).
1887, chap. 557. Re Buffalo (1893) 139 N. Y. 422, 34
N. E. 1 103.
Compensation, provision must be certain. 1891, chap.
136, amending 1881, chap. 303. Re South Market Street
(1893) 67 Hun, 594, 22 N. Y. Supp. 432.
Compensation, retroactive statute invalid, owner can-
not be deprived of right of action to recover damages al-
ready sustained. 1855, chap. 296. Re Townsend
(1868) 39N. Y. 171.
Compensation, streams as public highways. 1850,
chap. 264. Morgan v. King (1866) 35 N. Y. 454, 91
Am. Dec. 58. 1851, chap. 207, amended 1894, chap.
712. De Camp v. Dix (1899) 159 N. Y. 436, 54 N. E.
63-
Hearing. 1896, chap. 727. Re New York (1901)
34 Misc. 719, 70 N. Y. Supp. 227.
Highway cannot be opened without compensation, ex-
cept by landowner's consent. 1869, chap. 670. German-
American R. E. Title Guarantee Co. v. Meyers (1898)
32 App. Div. 41, 52 N. Y. Supp. 449.
Highway, compensation. 1882, chap. 410, § 677.
Forsterv. Scott (1893) 136 N. Y. 577, 18 L. R. A. 543,
32 N. E. 976.
Highway, limiting right of adjoining owner. 1869,
chap. 670. Re Rogers Ave. (1885) 29 Abb. N. C. 361,
22 N. Y. Supp. 27.
Notice. 1885, chap. 26, § 167, amended 1888, chap.
449. Re Oneida Street (1899) 37 App. Div. 266, 55 N.
Y. Supp. 959. 1888, chap. 583, title 14, §51. Re
Brooklyn (1895) 87 Hun, 54, 33 N. Y. Supp. 869.
Unconstitutional Statutes — Topical. 19S
Use must be public. 1881, chap. 637. Re Eureka
Basin Warehouse & Mfg. Co. (1884) 96 N. Y. 42.
Vested rights protected, except for pubHc use. 1846,
chap. 133, repealing 1845, chap. 193. People ex rel.
Fountain v. Westchester County (1848) 4 Barb. 64.
Village streets, limiting landowner's right of appeal.
1878, chap. 59. People ex rel. Eckerson v. Haverstraw
(1896) isiN.Y.7S,45N. E. 384.
Escheat.
Private law. 1871, chap. 706. McCabe v. Kenny
(1889) 52 Hun, 514, 5 N. Y. Supp. 678. 1885, chap.
377. Johnston v. Spicer (1887) 107 N. Y. 185, 13 N.
E. 753-
Excise.
Drinking on premises as evidence of unlawful sale.
1857, chap. 628. People v. Lyon (1882) 27 Hun, 180.
Contra, Board of Excise v. Merchant (1886) 103 N. Y.
143, 57 Am. Rep. 705, 8 N. E. 484.
License. 1886, chap. 578. People v. Krushaw (1866)
31 How. Pr. 344, note; Holt v. Excise Commissioners
(1866) 31 How. Pr. 334, note. ^
Retroactive statute invalid. 1855, chap. 231. Wyne-
hamerv. People (1856) 13 N. Y. 378.
Execution.
Exemption cannot be retroactive. 1842, chap. 157.
Banks V. Quackenbush (1848) i N. Y. 129.
Ejc Post Facto Law.
Indictment, conviction for lesser offense. 1900, chap.
625. People v. Cox ( 1901 ) 67 App. Div. 344, 73 N. Y.
Supp. 774.
Extradition.
Legislature cannot authorize surrender of fugitive to
foreign government, i Rev. Stat. 164, §§ 8- 11 (i Edm. .
ig6 Constitutional History of New York.
163, 164). People ex rel. Barlow v. Curtis (1872) 50
N. Y. 321, 10 Am. Rep. 483.
Fish.
Protection in certain waters. 1801, chap. 127; 1813,
chap. 62. People v. Piatt (1819) 17 Johns. 195, 8 Am.
Dec. 382.
Flag.
Use of. Penal Code, § 640, subsec. 16. People ex rel.
McPike V. Van De Carr (1904) 178 N. Y. 425, 66 L. R.
A. 189, 70 N. E. 965.
Fugitive Slaves.
Federal power supreme. 2 Rev. Stat. 560, §§6-19 (2
Edm. 580). Jack v. Martin (1834) 12 Wend. 312
(1835) 14 Wend. 507.
Gambling.
Poolselling. 1887, chap. 479. Irving v. Britton
(1894) 8 Misc. 201, 28 N. Y. Supp. 529.
Recovery of sweepstakes. 1895, chap. 570. Dudley
v. Flushing Jockey Club (1895) ^4 Misc. 58, 36 N. Y.
Supp. 128.
Grand Jurors.
Special law. 1881, chap. 532, amending Code Civ.
Proc. § 104 1. People v. Petrea (1883) 92 N. Y. 128;
People V. Fitspatrick (1883) 30 Hun, 493; People v.
Hooghkerk (1884) 96 N. Y. 149.
Highways.
Hearing. 1883, chap. 523, §§ 126, 127. Seaman v.
Dickinson ( 1896) i App. Div. 19, 36 N. Y. Supp. 748.
Owner entitled to notice and hearing. 1880, chap. 1 14,
§ 2. People ex rel. Dexter v. Mosier (1890) 56 Hun,
64, 8 N. Y. Supp. 621.
Private roads, i Rev. Stat. 517, § y'^ (i Edm. 476).
Taylor v. Porter (1843) 4 Hill, 140, 40 Am. Dec. 274.
Unconstitutional Statutes — Topical. 197
1890, chap, 568, §§ 106-116. Berridge v. Shults (1900)
32 Misc. 444, 66 N. Y. Supp. 204.
Special law. 1897, chap. 286. Re Henneberger
(1898) 155 N. Y. 420, 42 L. R. A. 132, 50 N. E. 61.
Indian Lands.
State alone cannot authorize railroads on. 1836, chap.
316. Buifalo R. & P. R. Co. v. Lavery (1894) 75 Hun,
396, 27 N. Y. Supp. 443, affirmed in (1896) 149 N. Y.
576, 43 N. E. 986.
State cannot tax. 1840, chap. 254; 1841, chap. 166.
Fellows V. Denniston (1861) 23 N. Y. 420, reversed in
(1866) 5 Wall. 761, 18 L. ed. 708.
Infant's Estate.
Authorizing sale of. 1872, chap. 73. Brevoort v.
Groc^(i873) 53 N. Y. 245.
Insolvent Debtors.
Discharge of. i Rev. Laws, 460. Re Wendell (1821)
19 Johns. 153.
Prior debts. 181 1, chap. 123. Roosevelt v. Cebra
(1819) 17 Johns. 108.
Justices of the Peace.
Jurisdiction in cities. 1890, chap. 58. Tobias v.
Perry (1898) 25 Misc. 74, 54 N. Y. Supp. 716.
Limiting jurisdiction. 1896, chap. 22, §§ 19, 20.
People ex rel. Burby v. Howland (1898) 155 N. Y. 270,
41 L. R. A. 838, 49 N. E. 775. 1899, chap. 34. People
ex rel. Holmes v. Lane (1900) 53 App. Div. 531, 65 N.
Y. Supp. 1004.
Must be elected at a town meeting. 1881, chap. 564.
People ex rel. Smith v. Schiellein (1884) 95 N. Y. 124.
Term cannot be shortened. 1824, chap. 266; 1825,
chap. 181. People ex rel. Ingersoll v. Garey (1827) 6
Cow. 642.
198 Constitutional History of New York.
Term of appointee to fill vacancy ends with next town
meeting. 1849, chap. 28. People v. Keeler (1858) 17
N. Y. 370.
Justices of the Supreme Court.
Compensation, increase not applicable to incumbents.
1852, chap. 374, § 7. People ex rel. Mitchell v. Haws
(i860) 32 Barb. 207.
Labor.
Bakeries, hours of labor in. 1897, chap. 415, § 110.
Lochner v. New York. (1905) 198 U. S. 45, 49 L. ed.
937, 25 Sup. Ct. Rep. 539 reversing (1904) 177 N. Y.
14s, loi Am. St. Eep. 773, 69 N. E. 373.
Rate of wages. 1899, chap. 192, chap. 567, amending
1897, chap. 415, § 3. People ex rel. Rodgers v. Coler
(1901) 166 N. Y. I, 52 L. R. A. 814, 82 Am. St. Rep.
605, 59 N. E. 716; Ryan v. New York (1903) 78 App.
Div. 134, 79 N. Y. Supp. 599.
Legislature.
Clerks, back pay not allowed. 1876, chap. 193. Peo-
ple ex rel. Kene v. Olcott (1877) 11 Hun, 610.
Legislative power cannot be delegated to the people.
1849, chap. 140. Thome v. Cramer C1851) 15 Barb.
112; Bradley v. Baxter (1853) 15 Barb. 122; Barto v.
Himrod (1853) 8 N. Y. 483, 59 Am. Dec. 506. 1853,
chap. 217. People ex rel. McSpedon v. Stout (1856)
23 Barb. 349.
Responsibility cannot be divided with other parties.
1823, chap. Ill, § 12. Corning v. Greene (1856) 23
Barb. 33.
Liberty.
Alien labor. 1894, chap. 622, amending 1870, chap.
385. People V. Warren (1895) ^3 Misc. 615, 34 N. Y.
Supp. 942.
Unconstitutional Statutes — Topical. 199
Deprivation of, without hearing. 1865, chap. 266, § 4.
Re Janes (1866) 30 How. Pr. 446.
Discrimination in dealing in cider vinegar. 1901, chap.
308, amending 1893, chap. 338, § 50. People v. Witui-
holz (1904) 92 App. Div. 569, 86 N. Y. Supp. 1015.
Indefinite commitment. 1897, chap. 378, §§ 707-711.
Re Kenny (1898) 23 Misc. 9, 49 N. Y. Supp. 1037, af-
firmed in (1898) 30 App. Div. 624, 53 N. Y. Supp. mi.
Real estate agents. 1901, chap. 128. Grossman v.
Caminez (1903) 79 App. Div. 15, 79 N. Y. Supp. 900;
Cody V. Dempsey (1903) 86 App. Div. 335, 83 N. Y.
Supp. 899. Apparently contrary, Whiteley v. Terry
(1903) 83 App. Div. 197, 82 N. Y. Supp. 89.
Unlawful detention. 1892, chap. 467. People ex rel.
Ordwayv. St. Saviour's Sanitarium (1898) 34 App. Div.
363, 56N. Y. Supp. 431.
Liens.
Monuments. 1888, chap. 543. Brooks v. Tayntor
(1896) 17 Misc. 534, 40 N. Y. Supp. 445.
Vessels. 1859, chap. 79. Vase v. Cocker oft (1871)
44 N. Y. 415. 1862, chap. 482. Bird v. The Josephine
(1868) 39 N. Y. 19; Ferran v. Hosford (1869) 54 Barb.
200; Brookman v. Hamill (1871) 43 N. Y. 554, 3 Am.
Rep. 731 ; Murphy v. Salem (1874) 3 Thomp. & C. 660,
I Hun, 140; Poole v. Kermit {^^75) 59 N. Y. 554.
Local Court.
Territorial jurisdiction limited. 1876, chap. 196, § i.
Baird v. Heifer (1896) 12 App. Div. 23, 42 N. Y. Supp.
484. 1892, chap. 182, §§ 60, III. Pierson v. Fries
(1896) 3 App. Div. 418, 38 N. Y. Supp. 765.
Local Law.
Bridge over Cattaraugus creek. 1868, chap. 717. Peo-
ple ex rel. Lee v. Chautauqua County ( 1870) 43 N. Y. 10.
Fishkill & Beekman Plank Road Company. 1854, chap.
200 Constitutional History of New York,
271. Fishkill V. Fishkill & B. PI. Road Co. (1856) 22
Barb. 634; People v. Fishkill & B. PI. Road Co. (1857)
27 Barb. 445.
' Palatine road. 1868, chap. 687. People ex rel. Failing
V. Highway Commissioners (1869) 53 Barb. 70.
Long Island City.
Highway to Blissville. 1868, chap. 531. Knapp y.
Newtown ( 1874) 3 Thomp. & C. 748, i Hun, 268.
Married Women.
Curtesy under prior marriage not afif acted. 1848, chap.
200. Benedict v. Seymour (1854) 11 How. Pr. 176.
Existing rights not affected. 1848, chap. 200. Holmes
V. Holmes (1848) 4 Barb. 295; White v. White (1849)
S Barb. 474.
Husband's interest in prior legacy to wife cannot be
impaired. 1848, chap. 200. Westerveltw. Gregg {1^$^)
12 N. Y. 202, 62 Am. Dec. 160.
Middletown.
Written notice of snow or ice on sidewalk. 1902, chap.
572, § 30. McMullen v. Middletown (1905) 46 Misc.
360, 92 N. Y. Supp. 410.
Morrisania Railway.
Local law. 1863, chap. 361, § 9. Bohmer v. Haffen
(1900) 161 N. Y. 390, 55 N. E. 1047.
Municipal Corporation.
Abutting owner acquiring property after change of
grade. 1899, chap. 711. People ex rel. Stephens v.
Phillips (1903) 88 App. Div. 560, 85 N. Y. Supp. 200.
Aiding private corporation. 1868, chap. 334. Sweet
V. Hulhert (1868) 51 Barb. 312. 1868, chap. 577. Weis-
mer v. Douglass (1876) 64 N. Y. 92, 21 Am. Rep. 586.
1870, chap. 282. Peop/e ex rel. Dunkirk, W. & P. R. Co. V.
Batchellor (1873) 53 N. Y. 128, 13 Am. Rep. 480.
Unconstitutional Statutes — Topical. 201
Legislature cannot compel railroad aid. 1868, chap.
45. Hardenhergh v. Van Keuren (1878) 16 Hun, 17.
Limiting right of action for damages. 1896, chap. 529,
§ 82. Barry v. Port Jervis (1901) 64 App. Div. 268,
72 N. Y. Supp. 104; Green v. Port Jervis (1900) 31
Misc. 59, 64 N. Y. Supp. 547.
Mount Sinai hospital. 1898, chap. 257; 1900, chap.
166. Mount Sinai Hospital v. Hyman (1904) 92 App.
Div. 270, 87 N. Y. Supp. 276.
Reimbursing officers. 1899, chap. 700. Re Straus
(1899) 44 App. Div. 425, 61 N. Y. Supp. 37; Re Jensen
(1899) 44 App. Div. 509, 60 N. Y. Supp. 933; Re Fal-
lon (1899) 28 Misc. 748, 59 N. Y. Supp. 849; Chapman
v. New York ( 1901) 168 N. Y. 80, 56 L. R. A. 846, 85
Am. St. Rep. 665, 61 N. E. 108.
Teacher's extra compensation, pensions. 1900, chap.
725. Mahon v. Board of Education (1902) 171 N. Y.
263, 89 Am. St. Rep. 810, 63 N. E. 1107.
' Vacating judgment, and granting new trial. 1900,
chap. 614. Re Greene (1901) 166 N. Y. 485, 60 N. E.
183.
New Civil Divisions.
Niagara police district. 1881, chap. 415. People ex
rel. Townsend v. Porter (1882) 90 N. Y. 68.
Rensselaer police district. 1873, chap. 638. People
ex rel. Bolton v. Albertson (1873) 55 N. Y. 50.
New Utrecht.
Board of improvement, validating contract, local lav/.
1 89 1, chap. 59. ParUtt v. Furguson (1899) 159 N. Y.
Ill, 53N. E. 707.
New York.
Aldermen excluded from general sessions, two-thirds
vote. 1840, chap. 311. Purdy v. People (1842) 4 Hill,
384.
202 Constitutional History of New York.
Appropriating certain lands for streets. 2 Rev. Laws,
416, § 179. Embury v. Conner (1850) 3 N. Y. 511, 53
Am. Dec. 325. See Re Albany Street (1834) 11 Wend.
149, 25 Am. Dec. 618.
City court, police. 1886, chap. 418, amending Code
Civ. Proc. Hutkoff v. Demorest (1886) 103 N. Y. 377,
8 N. E. 899; Jones v. Jones (1887) 104 N. Y. 234, 10
N. E. 269.
Clerk of common pleas, appointment invalid. 1843,
chap. 88. Warner v. People (1845) 2 Denio, 272, 43
Am. Dec. 740.
Commissioner of taxes, appointment by governor in-
valid. 1855, chap. 407. People v. Raymond (1868) 37
N. Y. 428; People ex rel. Kingsland v. Bradley (1872)
64 Barb. 228.
Contracts, local law. 1866, chap. 876, § 9. Pullman
V. New York ( 1869) 54 Barb. 169.
Court attendants, local law. 1870, chap. 382, § 9.
Murray v. New York (1878) 11 Jones & S. 164.
Croton aqueduct, local law. 1867, chap. 285. People
ex rel. Bradley v. Stevens (1869) 51 How. Pr. 103.
Eighth avenue, local law. 1870, chap. 593. Re Blod-
gett (1882) 89N. Y. 392.
Election of aldermen, minority representation. 1878,
chap. 400, amending 1873, chap. 335, § 4, quwre. People
ex rel. Angerstein v. Kenney (1884) 96 N. Y. 294.
Executions on judgments, statute not retroactive.
1865, chap. 646, § 5. Hadiield v. New York (1866) 6
Robt. 501. 2 Abb. Pr. N. S. 95.
Forty-second street reservoir, local law. 1881, chap.
456. Webb V. New York (1882) 64 How. Pr. 10.
Judicial sales, local law. 1869, chap. 569. Gaskin v.
Meek (1870) 42 N. Y. 186.
Law department. 1863, chap. 227. Baldwin v. New
York (1864) 42 Barb. 549.
Unconstitutional Statutes — Topical 203
Liability of city, local law. 1866, chap. 876, § 10.
Smith V. New York (1868) 34 How. Pr. 508.
Local law. 1866, chap. 586. People v. O'Brien
(i868)38N. Y. 193.
Manufacture of tobacco in tenement houses, local law.
1883, chap. 93. Re Paul (1884) 94 N. Y. 497.
Marine court, jurisdiction, transferring actions from
supreme court. 1872, chap. 629, § 3. De Hart v. Hatch
(1875) 6 Thomp. & C. 186, 3 Hun, 375. 1874, chap.
545, § 4. Alexander v. Bennett (1875) 60 N. Y. 204.
Mayor's term. 1901, chap. 466, § 94. People v.
^Fitzgerald (1905) 180 N. Y. 269, 73 N. E. 55.
Municipal court, jurisdiction. 1897, chap. 378. Rieser
V. Charles F. Parker &■ Co. (1899) 2y Misc. 205, 57 N.
Y. Supp. 745 (foreign corporation) ; Pierson v. Ward
(1899) 27 Misc. 793, 58 N. Y. Supp. 362 (nonresident) ;
Tyroler v. Gummersbach (1899) 28 Misc. 151, 59 N. Y.
Supp. 266, 319 (nonresident) ; McConologue v. McCaf-
frey (1899) 29 Misc. 139, 60 N. Y. Supp. 279 (equity).
New Utrecht police. 1898, chap. 398. People ex rel.
White V. York (1898) 35 App. Div. 300, 55 N. Y. Supp.
10, affirmed in (1899) 158 N. Y. 670, 52 N. E. 1125.
Plumbers must be registered. 1896, chap. 803.
Schnaier v. Navarre Hotel & Improv. Co. ( 1905) 182 N.
Y. 83, 74 N. E. 561.
Police commissioner ineligible to other office. 1869,
chap. 339, § 6. Re Foley ( 1870) 39 How. Pr. 356.
Police court clerks. 1857, chap. 569. Devoy v. New
York (1867) 36 N. Y. 449; Harbeck v. New York
(1863) 10 Bosw. 366.
Preference of actions, local law. 1873, chap. 335, §
112. New York v. Broadway & S. Ave. R. Co. (1878)
12 Hun, 571.
Revenues, local law. 1868, chap. 855. Patten v. New
York Elev. R. Co. (1877) 3 Abb. N. C. 306, appeal dis-
204 Constitutional History of New York.
missed in (1876) 67 N. Y. 484; Re New York Elev. R.
Co. (1877) 70 N. Y. 327; New York v. Manhattan R.
Co. ( 1894) 143 N. Y. I, 37 N. E. 494.
Tax levy, special sessions, local law. 1871, chap. 383,
§ 49. Huber v. People (1872) 49 N. Y. 132.
Obligation of Contracts.
Bankruptcy. 181 1, chap. 123. Sturges v. Crownin-
shield (1819) 4 Wheat. 122, 4 L. ed. 529.
Bridge. 1855, chap. 164. The Binghamton Bridge
(1865) 3 Wall. 51, 18 L. ed. 137, reversing (1863) 27
N. Y. 87.
Highways. 1887, chap. 723. Re Southern Boule-
vard R. Co. (1890) 58 Hun, 497, 12 N. Y. Supp. 466,
appeal dismissed in (1891) 128 N. Y. 93, 27 N. E. 1073.
Legislature cannot extinguish specific lien. 1870, chap.
373. Brooklyn Park Comrs. v. Armstrong (1871) 45
N. Y. 234, 6 Am. Rep. 70.
Negotiable quality of bonds cannot be impaired. 1880,
chap. 59, § 4. People ex rel. Manhattan Sav. Inst. v.
Otis ( 1882) go N. Y. 48.
Relinquishing license fee. 1874, chap. 478. New
York v. Eighth Ave. R. Co. (1887) 43 Hun, 614, af-
firmed in (1890) 118 N. Y. 389, 23 N. E. 550.
Repealing act authorizing adjustment of damages.
1891, chap. 42. People ex rel. Reynolds v. Buffalo
(1893) 140 N. Y. 300, 37 Am. St. Rep. 563, 35 N. E.
485.
Turnpike companies. 1898, chap. 151, amending 1882,
chap. 92. Rochester & C. Turnp. Road Co. v. Joel
(1899) 41 App. Div. 43, 58 N. Y. Supp. 346.
Officers.
Appointment by state authority. 1867, chap. 410.
People v. Raymond (1868) 37 N. Y. 428. 1867, chap.
806, § 12. People V. Acton (1867) 48 Barb. 524. 1901,
UnconstituHonal Statutes — Topical. 205
chap. 602. Re Brenner (1902) 170 N. Y. 185, 63 N. E.
133-
Appointment, Saratoga Springs. 190 1, chap. 178.
Saratoga Springs v. Van N order (1902) 75 App. Div.
204, yj N. Y. Supp. 1020.
Bi-partisan board. 1896, chap. 427. Rathbone v.
Wirth (1896) 150 N. Y. 459, 34 L. R. A. 408, 45 N.
K 15.
District attorney in Kings county, fixing term. 1896,
chap. 772. People ex rel. Eldred v. Palmer (1897) 154
N. Y. 133, 47 N. E. 1084.
Extension of term. 1866, chap. 217, § i. People ex
rel. Fowler v. Bull (1871) 46 N. Y. 57, 7 Am. Rep. 302.
1870, chap. 374. People ex rel. Williamson v. McKin-
ney (1873) 52 N. Y. 374. 1871, chap. 385, § i. People
ex rel. Lord v. Crooks (1873) 53 N. Y. 648. 1896,
chap. 424. Re Burger (1897) 21 Misc. 370, 47 N. Y.
Supp. 292. 1897, chap. 378, §§ 1392, 1394. Kelly v.
Van Wyck (1901) 35 Misc. 210, 71 N. Y. Supp. 814.
1903, chap. 8. Re Haase (1903) 88 App. Div. 242, 85
N. Y. Supp. 462.
Legislature cannot appoint (Edgewater). 1866, chap.
214. People ex rel. Brown v. Blake (1867) 49 Barb. 9.
Official oath, additional test prohibited. Penal Code, §
^ix. Stryker v. Churchill (1903) 39 Misc. 578, 80 N.
Y. Supp. 588.
Official oath, legislature cannot require additional oath
as to character of business. 1890, chap. 163, § 3. Peo-
ple ex rel. Bishop v. Palen (1893) 74 Hun, 289, 26 N.
Y. Supp. 225.
Salaries, retrospective statute invalid. 1902, chap. 3.
Young V. Rochester (1902) 73 App. Div. 81, 76 N. Y.
Supp. 224.
Uniformity of method of selection in cities. 1901,
chap. 466, § 1392, amending 1897, chap. 378, §§ 1392-
i!o6 Constitutional History of New York.
1394. People V. Dooley, (1902) 171 N. Y. 74, 63 N. E.
815.
Vacancy in office, how filled. 1891, chap. 105, § 374.
People ex rel. Howard v. Wende (1898) 25 Misc. 330,
53 N. Y. Supp. 1039. 1895, chap. 805, § 24, amending
1891, chap. 105, § 374. People ex rel. Howard v. Erie
County (1899) 42 App. Div. 510, 59 N. Y. Supp. 476,
affirmed in (1899) 160 N. Y. 687, 55 N. E. 1099. 1903,
chap. 383, amending public health law, § 20. People ex
rel. Bush v. Houghton (1905) 102 App. Div. 209, 92 N.
Y. Supp. 661.
Oleomargarine.
Legislative power limited. 1884, chap. 202, amended
1885, chap. 183; 1885, chap. 458. People v. Marx
(1885) 99 N. Y. 377, 52 Am. Rep. 34, 2 N. E. 29; Peo-
ple V. Arensberg (1886) 103 N. Y. 388, 57 Am. Rep.
741, 8 N. E. 736; Waterbury v. Egan (1893) 3 Misc.
355, 23N. Y. Supp. 115.
Ownership.
Legislature cannot determine as between parties.
1793, chap. 57. Jackson ex dem. Ten Eyck v. Frost
(1826) 5 Cow. 346.
Penal Code.
Not retroactive. 1882, chap. 410, § 2143. Jaehne v.
New York (1888) 128 U. S. 189, 32 L. ed. 398, 9 Sup.
Ct. Rep. 70. See (1888) 35 Fed. 357, following People
V. O'Neil (1888) 109 N. Y. 251, 16 N. E. 68.
Penalty.
Retrospective statute invalid. 1898, chap. 469. Hemp-
stead v. New York (1900) 52 App. Div. 182, 65 N. Y.
Supp. 14.
Police Power.
Brokerage in passage tickets. 1897, chap. qo6. Pea-
Unconstitutional Statutes — Topical. 207
pie ex rel. Tyroler v. City Prison (1898) 157 N. Y. 116,
43 L. R. A. 264, 68 Am. St. Rep. 763, 51 N. E. 1006.
1901, chap. 639. People ex rel. Fleischman v. Caldwell
(1901) 64 App. Div. 46, 71 N. Y. Supp. 654, affirmed in
(1901) 168 N. Y. 671; People ex rel. Weil v. Hagan
(1901) 35 Misc. 155, 71 N. Y. Supp. 461.
Erection of buildings. 1901, chap. 334, § 4. Signell
V. Wallace (1901) 35 Misc. 656, 72 N. Y. Supp. 348.
Food products, preservatives. 1893, chap. 338, % 2y;
amended 1900, chap. 534. People v. Biesecker (1901)
169 N. Y. 53, 57 L. R. A. 178, 88 Am. St. Rep. 534, 61
N. E. 990.
Garbage. 1897, chap. 378, § 1212, amended 1900,
cliap. 663. New York Sanitary Utilisation Co. v. Health
Department (1901) 61 App. Div. 106, 70 N. Y. Supp.
510.
Horse-shoeing. 1897, chap. 415, §§ 180-184; 1899,
chap. 558; 1903, chap. 151. People v. Beattie \1g04)
96 App. Div. 383, 89 N. Y. Supp. 193.
Hours of labor. Penal Code, § 384/1^ subsec. i. Peo-
ple V. Orange County Road Constr. Co. (1903) 175 N.
Y. 84, 65 L. R. A. 33, 67 N. E. 129.
Manufacture of tobacco in tenement houses. 1884,
chap. 272. Re Jacobs (1885) 98 N. Y. 98, 50 Am. Rep.
636.
Prizes with food products. 1887, chap. 691, amend-
ing Penal Code. People v. Gillson (1888) 109 N. Y.
389, 4 Am. St. Rep. 465, 17 N. E. 343.
Salles of merchandise in bulk. 1902, chap. 528,
fimended 1904, chap. 569. Wright' \. Hart (1905) 182
N. Y. 330, 75 N. E. 404.
Trading stamps. 1900, chap. 768, amending Penal
Cbde, § 384/>. People ex rel. Madden v. Dycker (1902)
72 App. Div. 308, 76 N. Y. Supp. III. 1904, chap. 657,
amending Pen. Code, § 3849. People ex rel. Appel v.
2o8 Constitutional History of New York.
Zimmerman (1905) 102 App. Div. 103, 92 N. Y. Supp.
497-
Portchester.
Validating assessments, local law. 1878, chap. 277.
Tingue v. Port Chester (1886) loi N. Y. 294, 4 N. E.
625.
Private Property.
Contract cannot be validated by statute. 1869, chap.
84, § 2. New York & O. Midland R. Co. v. Van Horn
(1874) 57N.Y.473-
Due process, hearing. 1869, chap. 217, § 4, amended
1870, chap. 619. Stuart v. Palmer ( 1878) 74 N. Y. 183,
30 Am. Rep. 289.
Legislative control limited. 1849, chap. 112. Powers
V. Bergen (1852) 6 N. Y. 358.
Sheriff's lien on attachment. Code Civ. Proc. § 709.
Bowe V. United States Reflector Co. (1885) 36 Hun,
407; Union Distilling Co. v. Pharmaceutical Co. (1889)
24 Jones & S. 417, 6 N. Y. Supp. 539.
Procedure.
Preferences in civil actions. Code Civ. Proc. § 793.
Riglander v. Star Co. (1904) 98 App. Div. loi, 90 N. Y.
Supp. 772; Martin's Bank v. Amasonas Co. (1904) 98
App. Div. 146; 90 N. Y. Supp. 734; Woerner v. Star Co.
(1905) 107 App. Div, 248, 94 N. Y. Supp. 1 1 17.
Railroads.
Grade crossings, compensation. 1880, chap. 147.
Egerer v. New York C. & H. R. R. Co. (1891) 130 N.
Y. 108, 14 L. R. A. 381, 29 N. E. 95; Egerer v. New
York C. & H. R. R. Co. (1902) 70 App. Div. 421, 75 N.
N. Y. Supp. 476.
Mileage books, as to existing corporations. 1895,
chap. 1027. Beardsley v. New York, L. E. & W. R. Co.
(1900) 162 N. Y. 230, 56 N. E. 488; Watson v. Dela-
Unconstitutional Statutes — Topical. 209
ware, L. & W. R. Co. (1900) 32 Misc. 311, 66 N. Y.
Supp. 798.
Nuisance, power to maintain. 1848, chap. 143, § 6.
Cogswell V. New York, N. H. &■ H. R. Co. (1886) 103
N. Y. 10, 57 Am. Rep. 701, 8 N. E. 537.
Special law. 1875, chap. 595. Auchincloss v. Metro-
politan Elev. R. Co. (1902) 69 App. Div. 63, 74 N. Y.
Supp. 534. 1878, chap. 206. Re Brooklyn, W. & N. R.
Co. (1878) 75 N. Y. 335. 1880, chap. 577. Farnham
V. Benedict (1887) 107 N. Y. 159, 13 N. E. 784. 1885,
chap. 392. Re New York & L. I. Bridge Co. (1889) 54
Hun, 400, 7 N. Y. Supp. 445. 1885, chap. 554. People
ex rel. Harvey v. Loew (1886) 102 N. Y. 471, 7 N. E.
297-
Railroad Aid,
Bonds cannot be validated. 1871, chap. 809. H or ton
V. Thompson (1878) 71 N. Y. 513.
Exchanging bonds for stock. 1876, chap. 66, § 2.
Wheatland v. Taylor (1883) 29 Hun, 70.
Remedy.
Abatement of actions, not retroactive. Code Proc. §
121. Vrooman v. Jones (1851) 5 How. Pr. 369.
Can citizen be deprived of ? 1890, chap. 95, amending
Code Civ. Proc. § 3379. Re St. Lawrence &■ A. R. Co.
(1892) 133 N. Y. 270, 31 N. E. 218.
Clerk of court as referee. Code Civ. Proc. § 90.
Standfast v. Crotty (1891) 37 N. Y. S. R. 672, 13 N.
Y. Supp. 584.
Limitation of actions against nonresident, not retro-
spective. Code Civ. Proc. § 401, amended 1888, chap.
498. First Nat. Bank v. Bissell (1889) 24 N. Y. S. R.
909, 7 N. Y. Supp. 53.
Limiting action against director of moneyed corpora-
tion not retrospective. Code Civ. Proc. § 394, amended
Vol. V. Const. Hist. — 14.
2IO Constitutional History of New York.
1897, chap. 281. Gilbert v. Ackerman (1899) 159 N. Y.
ii8,4SL-R-A. 118, S3N. E. 753.
New York superior court, jurisdiction. Code Civ.
Proc. § 263. PopHnger v. Yutte (1886) 102 N. Y. 38,
6 N. E. 259; F/ynw V. Central R. Co. (1894) 142 N. Y.
439. 37 N. E. 514.
Substituting sheriff's indemnitors. Code Civ. Proc. §
142 1. Levy V. Dunn (1899) 160 N. Y. 504, 73 Am. St.
Rep. 699, 55 N. E. 288.
Unknown heirs. Code Civ. Proc. § 1582, amended
1889, chap. 39. People ex rel. Miller v. Ryder (1891)
124 N. Y. 500, 26 N. E. 1040; People ex rel. GrifUn v.
Ryder (1892) 65 Hun, 175, 19 N. Y. Supp. 977.
Rochester.
Assessments, local law. 1901, chap. 200, chap. 719.
Rochester v. Bloss (1902) yy App. Div. 28, 79 N. Y.
Supp. 236.
Charter, local law. 1865, chap. 181. People ex rel.
McConvill V. Hills (1866) 35 N. Y. 449.
Municipal court, jurisdiction. 1890, chap. 561, § 29,
Code Civ. Proc. § 3226. Ziegler v. Corwin (1896) 12
App. Div. 60, 42 N. Y. Supp. 855.
Police justice, jurisdiction. 1887, chap. 384, § 265,
amended 1890, chap. 561. People v. Upson (1894) 79
Hun, 87, 29 N. Y. Supp. 615.
Schuyler County.
Altering judicial, senate, and assembly districts. 1854,
chap. 386. Lanning v. Carpenter (1859) 20 N. Y. 447.
See Rumsey v. People ( 1859) 19 N. Y. 41, as to effect of
the additional Schuyler county acts of 1857.
Sheriff.
Common-law powers preserved. 1882, chap. 251.
People ex rel. McEwan v. Keeler ( 1883) 29 Hun, 175.
Limiting powers. 1896, chap. 22, §§ 19, 20. People
Unconstitutional Statutes — Topical. 211
ex ret. Ryan v. Washington County (1898) 155 N. Y.
295. 49 N. E. 779.
Special City Law.
Long Island City, exempt firemen's fund. 1896, chap.
141. Exempt Firemen's Asso. v. Exempt Firemen's
Benev. Fund (1898) 34 App. Div. 138, 54 N. Y. Supp.
621.
Vandervoort relief. New York. 1895, chap. 167.
Chrystal v. New York ( 1901 ) 63 App. Div. 93, 71 N. Y.
Supp. 352.
State.
Limitation of claims. 1886, chap. 244. Gates v.
State (1891) 128 N. Y. 221, 28 N. E. 373. 1886, chap.
510. McDougall V. State (1888) 109 N. Y. 73, 16 N. E.
78.
State Debt.
Authorizing, without submission to people. 185 1,
chap. 485. Rodman V. Munsofi (1852) 13 Barb. 188;
Newell V. People ( 1852) 7 N. Y. 9.
Statute submitting question must be for single object
only. 1872, chap. 700. People ex rel. Hopkins v. Kings
County (1873) 52 N. Y. 556.
Streets.
Discontinued, legislature cannot vest title in city. 1807,
chap. 115; 181 8, chap. 213. Re John & C. Streets
(1839) 19 Wend. 659.
Street Railroads.
Consent of local authorities cannot be dispensed with.
1880, chap. 582. Re New York Dist. R. Co. (1887) 107
N. Y. 42, 14 N. E. 187.
Free transportation of policemen and firemen. 1895,
chap. 417. Wilson v. United Traction Co. (1902) 72
App. Div. 233, 76 N. Y. Supp. 203.
312 Constitutional History of New York.
Local authorities. 1881, chap. 518. Re Kings County
Elev. R. Co. (1886) 41 Hun, 425, reversed on other
grounds in (1887) 105 N. Y. 97, 59 Am. Rep. 478, 13
N. E. 18.
Suffrage.
Voters, legislature cannot impose additional qualifica-
tions. 1867, chap. 194. Green v. Shumway (1868) 39
N. Y. 418.
Women cannot vote for officers. 1892, chap. 214. Re
Cancelation of Names (1893) 5 Misc. 375, 26 N. Y.
Supp. 167; Re Woods (1893) 5 Misc. 575, 26 N. Y.
Supp. 169; i?^ Inspectors of Election (1893) 25 N. Y.
Supp. 1063; i?e Gage (1894) 141 N. Y. 112, 25 L. R. A.
781, 35 N. E. 1094.
Supervisors.
Term of office in certain counties. 1878, chap. 253.
People ex rel. H ass ell v. Hoffman (1881) 60 How. Pr.
324-
Supreme Court.
Jurisdiction cannot be limited. 1882, chap. 410, §
1 103. Mussen v. Ausable Granite Works (1892) 63
Hun, 367, 18 N. Y. Supp. 267; Getman v. New York
(1892) 66 Hun, 236, 21 N. Y. Supp. 116.
Limiting jurisdiction. 1896, chap. 376, § 29. Bell v.
Niewahner ( 1900) 54 App. Div. 530, 66 N. Y. Supp.
1096; Warner v. Palmer (1901)66 App. Div. 127, 72
N. Y. Supp. 703.
Judge not required to perform administrative func-
tions. 1892, chap. 401, § 24, amended 1893, chap. 481.
People ex rel. Decker v. Waters (1893) 4 Misc. i, 23 N.
Y. Supp. 691.
Judges, discrimination in judicial functions. 1899,
chap. 587, amending 1891, chap. 105, § 184. Re Rupp
Unconstitutional Statutes — Topical. 213
(1899) 28 Misc. 703, 59 N. Y. Supp. 997, affirmed in
(1899) 45 App. Div. 631, 61 N. Y. Supp. 1147.
Sunogate's Court.
Discovery of property. 1870, chap. 394. Re Beebe
(1880) 20 Hun, 462; Re Rosenthal (1880) 59 How. Pr.
327-
Taxation.
Aiding individual, Oneida tax collectors. 1897, chap.
III. Mercer v. Floyd (1898) 24 Misc. 164, 53 N. Y.
Supp. 433.
Bank stock. 1866, chap. 761. New York v. Weaver
(1879) 100 U. S. 539, 25 L. ed. 705 ; Williams v. Wea/ver
(1879) 100 U. S. 547, 25 L. ed. 708.
Dogs, license fee made payable to Humane Society.
1896, chap. 448. Fox V. Mohawk & H. River Humane
Soc. (1901) 165 N. Y. 517, 51 L. R. A. 681, 80 Am. St.
Rep. 767, 59 N. E. 353.
Drafted men. 1892, chap. 664. Bush v. Orange
County (1899) 159 N. Y. 212, 45 L. R. A. 556, 70 Am.
St. Rep. 538, 53 N. E. 1 121.
National bank shares. 1865, chap. 97, § 10. First
Nat. Bank v. Fancher (1872) 48 N. Y. 524.
Redemption, retroactive statute invalid. 1841, chap.
341. Dikemanv. Dikem^an (1845) ^^ Paige, 484.
Tax law, must state object of tax. 1872, chap. 734.
People ex rel. Hopkins v. Kings County (1873) 52 N.
Y. SS6.
Transfer tax, vested remainders and reversions. 1899,
chap. 76. Re Pell ( 1902) 171 N. Y. 48, 57 L. R. A. 540,
89 Am. St. Rep. 791, 63 N. E. 789.
Validation. 1885, chap. 411, § i. Hagner v. Hall
(1896) 10 App! Div. 581, 42 N. Y. Supp. 63. 1885,
chap. 448, amending 1855, chap. 427. Joslyn v. Rock-
well (1891) 128 N. Y. 334, 28 N. E. 604. 1887, chap.
214 Constitutional History of New York.
627, § 2. Cromwell v. MacLean (1890) 123 N. Y. 474,
25 N. E. 932.
Validation, owner's right not affected. 1893, chap.
711, § 12. Ne-ha-sa-ne Park Asso. v. Lloyd (1896) 7
App. Div. 359, 40 N. Y. Supp. 58.
Trial by Jury.
Bawdy houses, i Rev. Stat. 638, §1(1 Edm. 591).
Warren v. People (1857) 3 Park. Crim. Rep. 544.
Effect of classification of offenses. 1873, chap. 35.
People ex rel. Killmer v. Baird (1877) 4 N. Y. Week.
Dig. 576.
Right of, cannot be impaired. 1850, chap. 139. Peo-
ple V. Carroll (1855) 3 Park. Crim. Rep. 22.
Seizure of trespassing oyster boats. 1896, chap. 383.
Colon V. Lisk (1897) 153 N. Y. 188, 60 Am. St. Rep.
609.
Troy.
Recorder, conferring powers of supreme court justice.
1849, chap. 121, § 4. GrifUn v. Griffith (1851) 6 How.
Pr. 428.
Trusts.
Release of interest by beneficiary. 1896, chap. 547, §
83. Oviatt V. Hopkins (1897) 20 App. Div. 168, 46 N.
Y. Supp. 959.
Two-thirds Vote.
Marlborough highway. 1868, chap. 776. People ex
rel. Purdy v. Highway Comrs. (1873) 54 N. Y. 276, 13
Am. Rep. 581.
Villages.
Damages on opening streets, trustees cannot select
jury. 1893, chap. 694, amending 1870, chap. 291. Peo-
ple ex rel. Eckerson v. Haverstraw (1896) 151 N. Y. 75.
45 N. E. 384.
Unconstitutional Statutes — TopicaL 215
Warehouse Companies.
Remedies against. 1895, chap. 633. Cottew v. Dube
(1900) 32 Misc. 632, 66 N. Y. Supp. 491 ; Milligan v.
Brooklyn Warehouse & Storage Co. (1901) 34 Misc.
55, 68 N. Y. Supp. 744; Follett Wool Co. v. Albany Ter-
minal Warehouse Co. (1901) 61 App. Div. 296, 70 N.
Y. Supp. 474.
Water Rates.
Discrimination. 1894, chap. 284. Warsaw Water-
works Co. V. Warsaw (1899) 161 N. Y. 176, 55 N. E.
486, citing Skaneateles Waterworks Co. v. Skaneateles
(1899) 161 N. Y. 154, 46 L. R. A. 687, 55 N. E. 562.
Owner entitled to hearing. 1886, chap. 656; 1882,
chap. 383; 1 87 1, chap. 461. Re Union College (1891)
129 N. Y. 308; Re Plower (1892) 129 N. Y. 643, 29 N.
E. 463.
Owner entitled to notice of assessment. 1859, chap.
396, § 24. Remsen v. Wheeler (1887) 105 N. Y. 573,
12 N. E. 564.
Watertown.
Ratifying assessments, local law. 1871, chap. 810, §
38. Watertown v. Fairbanks (1875) 65 N. Y. 588.
West Farms and Morrisania.
Confirming proceedings, local law. 1894, chap. 598.
Rogers v. Union R. Co. (1894) 10 Misc. 57, 30 N. Y.
Supp. 855.
Whitesborough.
Police justice. 1859, chap. 10. Waters v. Langdon
(1863) 40 Barb. 408, distinguishing Brandon v. Avery
(i860) 22 N. Y. 469.
Witness.
Compelling resident to attend as a witness in a court
2i6 Constitutional History of New York,
in another state. Code Crim. Proc. § 6180. Re Pennsyl-
vania, (1904) 45 Misc. 46, 90 N. Y. Supp. 808.
Ex parte commitment of defaulting witness. Code Civ.
Proc. § 856. Re Grout (1905) 105 App. Div. 98, 93 N.
Y. Supp. 711.
Privilege. Penal Code, § 342. People ex ret. Lewisohn
V. O'Brien (1903) 81 App. Div. 51, 80 N. Y. Supp. 816.
See amendment 1904, chap. 649, and People ex rel.
Lewisohn v. General Sessions Court ( 1904) 96 App. Div.
201, 89 N. Y. Supp. 364, affirmed 179 N. Y. 594, 72 N.
E. 1 148.
Witness against himself. 1901, chap. 640; 1900, chap.
367, amending 1896, chap. 112, § 28. Re Cullinan (Kray
Certificate) (1903) 82 App. Div. 445, 81 N. Y. Supp.
567, ( 1904) 97 App. Div. 122, 89 N. Y. Supp. 683.
TABLE OF CASES.
Abendroth v. Manhattan R. Co. 122 N. Y. i, 11 L. R. A. 634, 1,9
Am. St. Rep. 461, 25 N. E. 496, IV. 118, 256.
Adams v. East River Sav. Inst. 136 N. Y. 52, 32 N. E. 623, IV. 689.
Adams v. Penn Bank, 35 Hun, 393, IV. 290.
Adamson v. Nassau Elec. R. Co. 89 Hun, 261, 34 N. Y. Supp. 1073,
IV. 433.
Adirondack R. Co. v. Indian Riv. Co. 27 App. Div. 326, 50 N. Y.
Supp. 24s, IV. 131, 664.
Adirondack R. Co. v. New York State, 176 U. S. 335, 44 L. ed. 492,
20 Sup. Ct. Rep. 460, aff'g 160 N. Y. 225, 54 N. E. 689, IV.
88, 94. 125, 131. 664.
Aikin v. Western R. Corp. 20 N. Y. 370, IV. 234.
Akin T. Water Comrs. 82 Hun, 265, 31 N. Y. Supp. 254, IV. 21.
Albany Northern R. Co. v. Brownell, 24 N. Y. 345, IV. 127, 128.
Albany Street, Re, 11 Wend. 149, 25 Am. Dec. 618, IV. 120.
Alexander v. Bennett, 60 N. Y. 204, I. 288.
Allen V. Northville, 23 N. Y. Wkly. Dig. 317, IV. 116.
Allison, Re, v. Welde, 172 N. Y. 421, 65 N. E. 263, IV. 253, 739.
Almshouse v. American Art-Union, 7 N. Y. 228, IV. 145.
Alvord V. Syracuse Sav. Bank, 98 N. Y. 599, IV. 250.
American Rap. Tel. Co. v. Hess, 125 N. Y. 641, 13 L. R. A. 454, 21
Am. St. Rep. 764, 26 N. E. 919, IV. 288.
Amsterdam, Re, 126 N. Y. 158, 27 N. E. 272, IV. 108.
Anderson v. Reilly, 66 N. Y. 189, IV. 629.
Anglo-American Provision Co. v. Davis Provision Co. 169 N. Y.
S06, 88 Am. St. Rep. €08, 62 N. E. 587; affirmed in 191
U. S. 373, 48 L. ed. 22s, 24 Sup. Q. Rep. 92, IV. 25, 29a
217
2i8 Constitutional History of New York.
Annon, Re, 50 Hun, 413, 2 N. Y. Supp. 275, aff'd in 117 N. Y. I, 5
L. R. A. S59, IS Am. St. Rep. 460, 22 N. E. 670, IV. 207.
Anthony Street, Re, 20 Wend. 618, 32 Am. Dec. 608, IV. 326.
Armstrong v. Kennedy, 23 Misc. 47, 51 N. Y. Supp. 509. IV. 622.
Arnold, Re, 76 App. Div. 126, 78 N. Y. Supp. 772, IV. 538.
Arnold v. Hudson Riv. R. Co. 55 N. Y. 661, IV. 124.
Arnold v. Rees, 18 N. Y. 57, I. 255.
Astor, Re, 50 N. Y. 363. IV. 386.
Astor V. Arcade R. Co. 113 N. Y. 93, 2 L. R. A. 789, 20 N. E. 594,
IV. 388, 419.
Astor V. New York, 5 Jones & S. 539, IV. 311.
Astor V. New York, 62 N. Y. 580, IV. 139. 753-
Atherton v. Atherton, 155 N. Y. 129, 40 L. R. A. 291, 63 Am. St.
Rep. 650, 49 N. E. 933, IV. 24.
Attorney General, Re, 58 Hun, 218, 12 N. Y. Supp. 754, IV. 442.
Attorney General, Re, 22 App. Div. 285, 47 N. Y. Supp. 883, IV. 528.
Attorney General v. North Am. Life Ins. Co. 82 N. Y. 172, IV. 270,
634, 674, 681.
Attorneys, Re, 20 Johns. 492, IV. 551.
At water v. Canandaigua, 124 N. Y. 602, 27 N. E. 385, IV. 117.
Auchincloss v. Metropolitan Elev. R. Co. 69 App. Div. 63, 74 N. Y.
Supp. 534, IV. 426.
Austin V. Searing, 16 N. Y. 112, 69 Am. Dec. 665, IV. 102.
Ayers v. Russell, 50 Hun, 282, 3 N. Y. Supp. 383, IV. 95.
Ayres v. Delaware, L. & W. R. Co. 158 N. Y. 254, 53 N. E. 22, IV.
SSo.
Ayres V. Methodist Episcopal Church, 3 Sandf. 351, IV. 333.
B
Batrd, Re, 142 N. Y. 523, 37 N. E. 619, IV. 352.
Baird v. Heifer, 12 App. Div. 23, 42 N. Y. Supp. 484, IV. 625.
Baird v. Kings County, 138 N. Y. 9s, 20 L. R. A. 81, 33 N. E. 827,
III. 143, 203; IV. 3S2.
Baird v. New York, 74 N. Y. 382, IV. S3-
Baker v. Braman, 6 Hill, 47, IV. 21.
Baker v. Johnson, 2 Hill, 342, IV. 133.
Table of Cases. 219
Baker v. Pope, 5 Thomp. & C. 102, IV. 258.
Baker v. State, 77 App. Div. 528, 78 N. Y. Supp. 922, IV. 649, 668.
Baldwin v. New York, 42 Barb. 549; 45 Barb. 359; 2 Keyes, 387, IV.
loi, 107, 403.
Ballston Spa. v. Markham, 58 Hun, 238, 11 N. Y. Supp. 826, IV. 254
Bank for Savings v. Grace, 102 N. Y. 313, 7 N. E. 162, IV. 688.
Bank of Chenango v. Brown, 26 N. Y. 467, IV. 221, 671, 773.
Bank of New York v. New York County, 7 Wall. 26, 19 L. ed. 60,
IV. 323.
Bank of Poughkeepsie v. Ibbotson, 24 Wend. 473, IV. 679.
Bank of Rome v. Rome, 18 N. Y. 38, IV. 221, 249, 772.
Bank of Utica v. Smedes, 3 Cow. 662, IV. 382.
Bank Tax Case, 2 Wall. 200, 17 L. ed. 793, IV. 323.
Banks v. Hun, 20 App. Div. 501, 47 N. Y. Supp. 193, IV. 274.
Banks, The, v. New York, 7 Wall. 16, 19 L. ed. 57, IV. 323.
Barbier v. Connolly, 113 U. S. 27, 28 L. ed. 923, 5 Sup. Ct. Rep. 357,
IV. 227.
Barker v. Jackson, i Paine, 559, Fed. Cas. No. 989, I. 187; IV. 23,
38, 52. 271.
Barker v. People, 3 Cow. 686, 15 Am. Dec. 322, IV. 23, 33, 66, 215,
274, 363, 612.
Barkley, Re, 42 App. Div. 597, 61 N. Y. Supp. 1132, appeal dismissed
161 N. Y. 647, 57 N. E. 1103, IV. 537.
Barlow v. Scott, 24 N. Y. 40, IV. 53.
Barnard Case, Court of Impeachments, IV. 605, 607.
Barnes v. Arnold, 45 App. Div. 314, 61 N. Y. Supp. 85, IV. 211.
Barnett v. Chicago & L. H. R. Co. 6 Thomp. & C. 358, IV. 212, 294
Barry, Re, 164 N. Y. 18, 52 L. R. A. 831, 58 N. E. 12, IV. 193.
Barry v. Port Jervis, 64 App. Div. 268, 72 N. Y. Supp. 104, IV. 108.
Barto V. Himrod, 8 N. Y. 483, 59 Am. Dec. 506, III. 301, 529, IV.
189, 220.
Batterman, Re, 14 Misc. 213, 35 N. Y. Supp. 593, IV. 194.
Batzel V. Batzel, 54 How. Pr. 139, IV. 45.
Bay V. Gage, 36 Barb. 447, IV. 205.
Bayard, Re, 25 Hun, 546, IV. 20, 31, 66, 218.
Beach v. Baker, 25 App. Div. 9, 48 N. Y. Supp. 1042, IV. 621.
Beal V. New York C. & H. R. R. Co. 41 Hun, 172, IV. 214.
Beams, Re, 17 How. Pr. 459, IV. 204.
220 Constitutional History of New York.
Beardsley v. New York, L. E. & W. R. Co. 15 App. Div. 251, 162
N. Y. 230, 56 N. E. 488, IV. 106, 209, 213.
Beebe, Re, 20 Hun, 462, IV. 103.
Beecher v. Allen, S Barb. 169, I. 255, IV. 206.
Beekman, Re, 19 How. Pr. 518, IV. 552.
Beekman v. Saratoga & S. R. Co. 3 Paige, 45, 22 Am. Dec. 699,
IV. 4S, 125, 126.
Beekman Street, Re, 20 Johns. 269, IV. 326.
Behan v. People, 17 N. Y. 516, IV. 71.
Bell V. Niewahner, 54 App. Div. S30. 66 N. Y. Supp. 1096, IV. S33-
Belsena Coal Min. Co. v. Liberty Dredging Co. 27 Misc. 191, 57 N.
Y. Supp. 739. IV. Si-
Benedict V. Seymour, 11 How. Pr. 176, IV. 266.
Bennet v. Washington Cemetery, 24 Abb. N. C 4S9, 11 N. Y. Supp.
203, IV. 152.
Bennett v. Culver, 97 N. Y. 250, IV. 152.
Benson v. Albany, 24 Barb. 248, IV. 249, 772.
Benson v. Cromwell, 26 Barb. 218, IV. 614.
Benson v. New York, 10 Barb. 223, IV. 234, 267, 33a
Benton v. Wickwire, 54 N. Y. 226, IV. 205.
Bergen v. Powell, 94 N. Y. 591, IV. 760.
Bergman v. Wolff, 33 N. Y. S. R. 499, 11 N. Y. Supp. 591, IV. 413.
Berley v. Rampacher, 5 Duer, 183, IV. 328.
Bernstein, Re, 3 Redf. 20, IV. 617.
Berridge v. Shults, 32 Misc. 444, 66 N. Y. Supp. 204, IV. 140.
Bertholf v. O'Reilly, 74 N. Y. 509, 30 Am. Rep. 323, IV. 86, 94, 23^
281.
Berwind- White Coal Min. Co. v. Ewart, 11 Misc. 490, 32 N. Y. Supp.
716, aff'd in 90 Hun, 60, 35 N. Y. Supp. 573, IV. 214, 673.
Bessette v. People, 193 111. 334, 56 L. R. A. 558, 62 N. E. 215, IV.
283.
Betts V. Williamsburgh, 15 Barb. 255, IV. 115.
Bidwell V. Murray, 40 Hun, 190, IV. 694.
Bieling v. Brooklyn, 120 N. Y. 98, 24 N. E. 389, IV. 255.
Billings V. New York, 68 N. Y. 413, IV. 393.
Binghamton v. Binghamton & P. D. R. Co. 61 Hun, 479, 16 N. Y.
Supp. 225, IV. 271.
Bird V. The Josephine, 39 N. Y. 19, IV. 28, 239.
Table of Cases. 221
Blacksmith v. Fellows, 7 N. Y. 401, aff'd in 19 How. 366, 15 L. ed.
684, IV. 168.
Blackstone v. Miller, 188 U. S. 189, 47 L. ed. 439, 23 Sup. Ct Rep.
277, aff'g 171 N. Y. 682, 64 N. E. 1118, IV, 322.
Blauvelt v. Nyack, 9 Hun, 153, IV. 223, 411, 773.
Blazier v. Miller, 10 Hun, 435, IV. 96, 286.
Blodgett, Re, 89 N. Y. 392, IV. 406.
Blood V. Humphrey, 17 Barb. 660, IV. 266.
Bloodgood V. Mohawk & H. R R. Co. 18 Wend. 9, 31 Am. Dec.
313, IV. 133.
Bloomfield & R. Natural Gaslight Co. v. Calkins, 62 N. Y. 386, IV.
119.
Bloomfield & R. Natural Gaslight Co. v. Richardson, 63 Barb. 437,
IV. 132.
Board of Education v. Board of Education, 76 App. Div. 353, 78 N.
Y. Supp. 522, IV. 13, 214, 262, 676.
Board of Excise v. Merchant, 103 N. Y. 143, 57 Am. Rep. 70S, 8 N.
E. 484, IV. 46, 94, 230.
Boardman v. Lake Shore & M. R. Co. 84 N. Y. 157, IV. 208.
Bocock V. Cochran, 32 Hun, 521, IV. 624.
Boechat v. Brown, 9 App. Div. 369, 41 N. Y. Supp. 467, IV. 538, 544.
Bogardus v. Trinity Church, 4 Paige, 178, IV. 176.
Bohmer v. Haffen, 161 N. Y. 390, 55 N. E. 1047, IV. 304, 403.
Borup, Re, 102 App. Div. 262, 92 N. Y. Supp. 624; 182 N. Y. 222,
74 N. E. 838, IV. 121, 137, 249, 694.
Boston & Albany R. R. Co., Re, 53 N. Y. 574, IV. 12&
Boston & Albany R. R. Co., Re, 64 App. Div. 257, 72 N. Y. Supp. 32,
IV. 694.
Boston & A. R. Co. v. Greenbush, 52 N. Y. 510, IV. 12a
Bowe V. U. S. Reflector Co. 36 Hun, 407, IV. iii.
Boyd V. Stewart, 30 Abb. N. C. 127, 24 N. Y. Supp. 830, IV. S30-
Bradley v. Aldrich, 40 N. Y. 504, 100 Am. Dec. 528, IV. 45, 46.
Bradley v. Baxter, IS Barb. 122, IV. 220.
Brandon v. Avery, 22 N. Y. 469, IV. 624.
Brandon v. People, 42 N. Y. 265, IV. 82.
Brenner, Re, 170 N. Y. 185, 63 N. E. 133, IV. 12, 73&
Brevoort v. Grace, S3 N. Y. 24S, IV. 29S.
Brewer, Re, 3 How. Pr. 169, I. 252.
222 Constitutional History of New York.
Brewer v. Union P. R. Co. 31 Hun, S4S. loi N. Y. 647, IV. 23.
Brewster v. Syracuse, 19 N. Y. 116, IV. 310, 384.
Brick Presby. Church v. New York, s Cow. 538, IV. 279.
Brien v. Clay, 1 E. D. Smith, 649, IV. 20.
Briggs V. Penniman, 8 Cow. 387, 18 Am. Dec. 454. IV. 679.
Broadway, Re, 61 Barb. 483, aff'd in 49 N. Y. 150, IV. 96.
Bronk v. Barckley, 13 App. Div. 72, 43 N. Y. Supp. 400, IV. 453.
Brooklyn, Re, 143 N. Y. 596, 26 L. R. A. 270, 38 N. E. 983 ; affirmed
166 U. S. 685, 41 L- ed. ii6s, 17 Sup. Ct Rep. 718, IV.
130, 261, 672.
Brooklyn, Re, 87 Hun, 54, 33 N. Y. Supp. 869, IV. 90, 108.
Brooklyn v. Copeland, 106 N. Y. 496, 13 N. E. 451, IV. 21.
Brooklyn v. Nassau Elec. R. Co. 20 App. Div. 31, 46 N. Y. Supp.
651, IV. 270.
Brooklyn v. Nassau Elec. R. Co. 44 App. Div. 462, 61 N. Y. Supp.
33, IV. 429-
Brooklyn v. New York, 25 Hun, 612, IV. 295, 525.
Brooklyn v. Scholes, 31 Hun, no, IV. 33, 91, 275.
Brooklyn Cent. R. Co. v. Brooklyn City R. Co. 32 Barb. 358, IV. 265.
Brooklyn City & N. R. Co. v. Coney Island R. Co. 35 Barb. 364,
IV. 237, 331.
Brooklyn Park v. Armstrong, 45 N. Y. 234, 6 Am. Rep. 70, IV. 21,
134-
Brookljm Steam Transit Co. v. Brooklyn, 78 N. Y. 524, IV. 213.
Brooklyn, W. & N. R. Co., Re, 75 N. Y. 335, IV. 426.
Brookman v. Hamill, 54 Barb. 209; 43 N. Y. sS4i 3 Am. Rep. 731,
IV. 13.
Brooks V. Tayntor, 17 Misc. 534, 40 N. Y. Supp. 445, IV. 106.
Brown v. Brown, 64 App. Div. 544, 72 N. Y. Supp. 309, IV. 632.
Brown v. People, 75 N. Y. 437, IV. 216.
Brown v. Walker, 161 U. S. 591, 40 L. ed. 819, S Inters. Com. Rep.
369, 16 Sup. Ct. Rep. 644, IV. 80.
Browning v. Collis, 21 Misc. 155, 47 N. Y. Supp. 76, IV. 97.
Bryant v. Palmer, 152 N. Y. 412, 46 N. E. 851, IV. 516, 767.
Buchanan, Re, 146 N. Y. 264, 40 N. E. 883, IV. 23, 90, 475, 73a
Buckhout V. Rail, 28 Hun, 484, IV. 615.
Table of Cases. 223
Budd V. New York, 143 U. S. 517, 36 L. ed. 247, 4 Inters. Com.
Rep. 45, 12 Sup. Ct. Rep. 468; aff'g 117 N. Y. I, 5 L. R. A.
SS9. IS Am. St. Rep. 460, 22 N. E. 670, IV. 93, 201, 278.
Buffalo, Re, 68 N. Y. 167, IV. 130.
Buffalo, Re, 46 N. Y. S. R. 81, 18 N. Y. Supp. 771, IV. 24a
Buffalo, Re, 139 N. Y. 422, 34 N. E. 1103, IV. 139.
Buffalo V. Buffalo Gas Co. 81 App. Div. 505, 80 N. Y. Supp. 1093.
IV. 279.
Buffalo V. Chadeayne, 27 N. Y. S. R. 60, 7 N. Y. Supp. 501, aff'd
in 134 N. Y. 163, 31 N. E. 443, IV. 104.
Buffalo V. Collins Baking Co. 39 App. Div. 432, 57 N. Y. Supp.
347, IV. 284.
Buffalo V. Hill, 79 App. Div. 402, 79 N. Y. Supp. 449, IV. 35, 223, 284.
Buffalo V. Pratt, 131 N. Y. 293, 15 L. R. A. 413, 30 N. E. 233, IV. 119.
Buffalo V. Reavey, 37 App. Div. 228, 55 N. Y. Supp. 792, IV. 209.
Buffalo B. & L. R. Co. v. New York, L. E. & W. R. Co. 72 Hun,
587, 25 N. Y. Supp. IS5, IV. 130.
Buffalo East Side R. Co. v. Buffalo St. R. Co. m N. Y. 132, 2 L.
R. A. 384, 19 N. E. 63, IV. 270, 277.
Buffalo Gas Co. v. Volz, 31 Misc. 160, 64 N. Y. Supp. 534, IV. 315,
756-
Buffalo & J. R. Co. v. Railroad Comrs. 5 Hun, 48s, IV. 686.
Buffalo & N. F. R. R. Co. v. Buffalo, 5 Hill, 209, I. 216.
Buffalo & N. Y. C. R. v. Brainard, 9 N. Y. 100, IV. 126, 211.
Buffalo, R. & P. R. Co. v. Lavery, 75 Hun, 396, 27 N. Y. Supp. 443,
aff'd in 149 N. Y. 576, 43 N. E. 986, IV. 239.
Buffalo Traction Co., Re, 25 App. Div. 447, 49 N. Y. Supp. 1052,
aff'd in 155 N. Y. 700, 50 N. E. 1115, IV. 415, 427.
Burbank v. Fay, S Lans. 397, IV. 667.
Burch v. Newbury, 4 How. Pr. 145, IV. 301.
Burch V. Newbury, 10 N. Y. 374, IV. 205.
Burger, Re, 21 Misc. 370, 47 N. Y. Supp. 292, IV. 723, 743.
Burke v. Ireland, 166 N. Y. 305, 59 N. E. 914, IV. 285.
Burns, Re, 155 N. Y. 23, 49 N. E. 246, IV. 420.
Burns v. People, i Park. Cr. 182, IV. 75.
Burrall v. Jewett, 2 Paige, 134, IV. 533.
Bush v. Orange County, 159 N. Y. 212, 45 L. R. A. 556, 70 Am. St.
Rep. 538, S3 N. E. 1121, IV. 248, 314, 693-
224 Constitutional History of New York.
Butchers' Union S. H. & L. S. L. Co. v. Crescent City L. S. L. & S.
H. Co. Ill U. S. 746, 28 L. ed. 585, 4 Sup. Ct. Rep. 652^
IV. 85.
Butler V. Palmer, i Hill, 324, IV. 243, 324.
Butterfield v. Rudde, 58 N. Y. 489, IV. 549.
Buttling V. Hatton, 18 App. Div. 128, 45 N. Y. Supp. 720, IV. 34,
Butts V. Swartwood, 2 Cow. 431, IV. 59^
Cahill V. Hogan, 180 N. Y. 304, 73 N. E. 39, IV. 410, 690.
Cahill Iron Works v. Pemberton, 30 Abb. N. C. 450, IV. 178.
Calder v. Bull, 3 Dall. 386, i L. ed. 648, IV. 232.
Calkins v. Calkins, 3 Barb. 305, IV. 204.
Camp V. Hallanan, 42 Hun, 628, IV. 265.
Campbell v. Evans, S4 Barb. 566, aff'd in 45 N. Y. 356, IV. 91, 277.
Campbell v. Holt, 115 U. S. 620, 29 L. ed. 483, 6 Sup. Ct. Rep. 209,
IV. 244.
Cancellation of Names, Re 5 Misc. 375, 26 N. Y. Supp. 167, IV. i8s,
7S2.
Candler v. New York, i Wend. 493, IV, 207, 285.
Canter v. People, I Abb. App. Dec. 305, IV. 78.
Carboy, Re, 27 Hun, 82, IV. 756.
Carleton v. Darcy, 14 Jones & S. 484, IV. 531.
Caro V. Metropolitan Elev. R. Co. 14 Jones & S. 138, IV. lit
Carpenter, Re, 7 Barb. 30, IV. 737.
Carpenter v. Oswego & S. R. Co. 24 N. Y. 655, IV. 119.
Carroll v. Langan, 63 Hun, 380, 18 N. Y. Supp. 290, IV. 625.
Carroll v. Staten Island R. Co. 58 N. Y. 126, 17 Am. Rep. 221, IV. 23.
Carter v. New York El. R. Co. 14 N. Y. S. R. 859; 134 N. Y. 168,
31 N. E. 514, IV. 121.
Carthage v. Frederick, 122 N. Y. 269, 10 L. R. A. 178, 19 Am. St.
Rep. 490, 25 N. E. 480, IV. 123, 223, 254, 284 774.
Cartwright v. Cohoes, 39 App. Div. 69, 56 N. Y. Supp. 731, aff'd in
165 N. Y. 631, 59 N. E. 1120, IV. 254.
Cashman v. Johnson, 4 Abb. Pr. 256, IV. 243, 625.
Cashmere v. De Wolf, 2 Sandf. 379, IV. 534.
Table of Cases. 225
Cayuga County v. State, 153 N. Y. 279, 47 N. E. 288, IV. 246, 318,
435, 661, 693.
Central Bank v. Empire Stone Dressing Co. 26 Barb. 23, IV. 324.
Central Crosstown R. Co. v. 23d St. R. Co. 54 How. Pr. 168, IV. 206,
392. 426.
Central Park, Re, 63 Barb. 282, IV. 89, 134.
Central Park, Re Com'rs, 51 Barb. 277, IV. 750.
Central Park Extension, Re, 16 Abb. Pr. 56, IV. 750.
Chamberlain v. Taylor, 36 Hun, 24, IV. 332, 397.
Chancellor's Case, 6 Wend. 158, I. 209, IV. 275, 540.
Chandler v. Avery, 47 Hun, 9, IV. 34.
Chapman v. New York, 168 N. Y. 80, 56 L. R. A. 846, 85 Am. St
Rep. 66s, 61 N. E. 108, IV. 698.
Charles v. Arthur, 84 N. Y. Supp. 284, IV. 279.
Charles v. People, i N. Y. 180, IV. 145.
Charles River Bridge Co. v. Warren Bridge, 11 Peters, 420, 9 L.
ed. 773, IV. 212, 236, 256.
Cheesbrough, Re, 17 Hun, 561, IV. 117.
Cherry Creek v. Becker, 123 N. Y. 161, 25 N. E. 369, IV. 259, 686.
Child V. Fulton Bank, 7 Cow. 513, IV. 545.
Chittenden v. Wurster, 152 N. Y. 345, 37 L. R. A. 809, 46 N. R 857,
IV. 20, 519-
Choate v. Buffalo, 39 App. Div. 379, 57 N. Y. Supp. 383, IV. 415.
Chrystal v. New York, 63 App. Div. 93, 71 N. Y. Supp. 352, IV.
777, 780.
Church, Re, 92 N. Y. I, IV. 450.
Cisco v. Roberts, 36 N. Y. 292, IV. 208.
Clapp V. McCabe, 84 Hun, 379, 32 N. Y. Supp. 425; 155 N. Y. 525,
so N. E. 274, IV. 104, S32.
Clark V. Barnes, 76 N. Y. 301, 32 Am. Rep. 306, IV. 151.
Clark V. Miller, S4 N. Y. S28, IV. 136, I37-
Clark v. People, 26 Wend. S99i IV. 745.
Clark V. Rochester, 13 How. Pr. 204, IV. 771.
Qark v. Rochester City & B. R. R. Co. 18 N. Y. S. R. 903, 2 N.
Y. Supp. S63, IV. 119.
Oark V. Sheldon, 106 N. Y. 104, 12 N. E. 341, IV. 320, 440, 442.
Qark v. State, 142 N. Y. loi, 36 N. E. 817, IV. 243, 512-
Clark V. Utica, 18 Barb. 451, IV. 136, 138.
Vol. V. Const. Hist. — 15.
226 Constitutional History of New York.
Clarke v. Rochester, 28 N. Y. 60S, IV. 221, 249, 773.
Clarke v. Rochester, 24 Barb. 446, aff'd in 34 N. Y. 355, IV. 309.
Clarke v. Van Surlay, 15 Wend. 436, IV. 33.
Clason V. Shotwell, 12 Johns. 31, I. 182.
Coates V. New York, 7 Cow. 585, IV. 115, 219, 256, 258, 279.
Cochran v. Van Surlay, 20 Wend. 365, 32 Am. Dec. 570, IV. 33, 295.
Cody V. Dempsey, 86 App. Div. 33s, 83 N. Y. Supp. 899, IV. loi, no.
Coe V. Schultz, 47 Barb. 64, IV. 286, 629.
Cohen v. Virginia, 6 Wheat. 264, 5 L. ed. 257, IIL 42.
Cole V. Johnson, 10 Daly, 258, IV. 210.
Cole V. State, 102 N. Y. 48, 6 N. E. 277, IV. 246, 301, 398, 425, 434,
4S2, 658.
Collins, Re, 64 How. Pr. 63. IV. 184.
Colon V. Lisk, 13 App. Div. 195, 43 N. Y. Supp. 364, 153 N. Y. 188,
60 Am. St. Rep. 609, 47 N. E. 302, IV. 41, 51, iii, 289.
Colonial City Traction Co. v. Kingston City R. Co. 153 N. Y. 540,
47 N. E. 810, IV. 427.
Colt V. People, i TPark. Crim. 611, I. 20S.
Comesky, Re, 83 App. Div. 137, 81 N. Y. Supp. 1049, IV. 121.
Commercial Bank v. Sparrow, 2 Den. 97, IV. 376.
Commercial Pub. Co. v. Beckwith, 188 U. S. 567, 47 L. ed. 598, 23
Sup. Ct. 382, IV. 24.
Com. v. Ferry, 146 Mass. 203, 15 N. E. 484, IV, 146.
Comstock, Re, 25 N. Y. S. R. 611, 5 N. Y. Supp. 874, IV. 665, 699.
Coney Island, Ft. H. & B. R. Co. v. Kennedy, 15 App. Div. 588, 44
N. Y. Supp. 82s, IV. los, 287.
Conkey v. Hart, 14 N. Y. 22, IV. 273.
Conley v. Mathieson Alkali Works, 190 U. S. 406, 47 L. ed. 11 13, 23
Sup. Ct. Rep. 728, IV. 529.
Conner v. New York, 5 N. Y. 285, IV. 383, 424.
Connolly v. Van Wyck, 35 Misc. 746, 72 N. Y. Supp. 382, IV. 116.
Connors v. People, 50 N. Y. 240, IV. 21, 82.
Conor V. Hilton, 66 How. Pr. 144, IV. 627.
Consumer's Gas & Elec. Light Co. v. Congress Spring Co. 61 Hun,
133, IS N. Y. Supp. 624, IV. 774.
Continental Nat. Bank v. Thurber, 74 Hun, 632, 26 N. Y. Supp. 956,
143 N. Y. 648, 37 N. E. 828, IV. 98, 296.
Cook. Re, 86 App. Div. 586, 83 N. Y. Supp. 1009, IV. 25a
Table of Cases. 227
Cook V. Gregg, 46 N. Y. 439, IV. 91, 301.
Cook V. Nellis, 18 N. Y. 126, IV. 614.
Cook V. New York Floating Dry Dock Co. 1 Hilt. 556, IV. 328.
Cooke V. State Nat. Bank, 52 N. Y. 96, 11 Am. Rep. 667, IV. 28.
Cooper, Re, 22 N. Y. 67, I. 252, IV. 552.
Cooper, Re, 28 Hun, 515, IV. 134.
Cooper, Re, 93 N. Y. 507, IV. 21.
Cooper V. Schultz, 32 How. Pr. 107, IV. 98, 222, 629.
Corbett V. St. Vincent's Industrial School, 79 App. Div. 34s, 79 N.
Y. Supp. 369, IV. 705.
Corkings v. State, 99 N. Y. 491, 2 N. E. 454, 3 N. E. 660, IV. 660.
Coming V. Greene, 23 Barb. 33, aff'd in 26 N. Y. 472, I. 215, IV. 220.
Corscadden v. Haswell, 177 N. Y. 499, 69 N. E. 1 114, IV. 409.
Cortland & H. Horse R. Co., Re, 31 Hun, 72; 98 N. Y. 336, IV. 431.
Coulter V. Murray, 4 Daly, 506, IV. 275.
Coulter V. Murray, 15 Abb. Pr. N. S. 129, IV. 621.
Countryman v. Norton, 21 Hun, 17, IV. 631.
Coutant V. People, 11 Wend. 512, IV. 17, 723.
Coxe V. State, 144 N. Y. 396, 39 N. K 400, IV. 406.
Craig V. Rochester City & B. R. Co. 39 N. Y. 404, IV. iig.
Cregier v. New York, 11 Daly, 171, IV. 396.
' Cromwell v. MacLean, 123 N. Y. 474, 25 N. E. 932, IV. 123, 323.
Crossman v. Lurman, 171 N. Y. 329, 98 Am. St. Rep. 599, 63 N. E.
1097, aff'd in 192 U. S. 189, 48 L. ed. 401, 24 Sup. Ct. Rep.
234, IV. 282.
Croveno v. Atlantic Ave. R. Co. 150 N. Y. 225, 44 N. E. 968, IV. 548.
Cruger v. Hudson River R. Co. 12 N. Y. 190, IV. 138.
Cullinan, Re (Kray Certificate), 82 App. Div. 445, 81 N. Y. Supp.
567, 97 App. Div. 122, 8g N. Y. Supp. 683, IV. 82.
Cullinan, Re (Micha Certificate), 76 App. Div. 362,78 N. Y. Supp.
466, IV. 21, 82.
Cunningham, Re, 45 Misc. 206, 91 N. Y. Supp. 974, IV. 194.
Curren, Re, 25 Misc. 432, S4 N. Y. Supp. 917, aff'd in 38 App. Div.
82, 55 N. Y. Supp. 1018, IV. 89.
Curtin V. Barton, 139 N. Y. 505, 34 N. E. 1093, IV. 400, 414, 625, 752.
Curtis Case (Senate) IV. 586.
Curtis V. Leavitt, 17 Barb. 309, I. 215.
Curtis V. Leavitt, 15 N. Y. 9, IV. 324.
228 Constitutional History of New York.
Cushman v. Johnson, 13 How. Pr. 495, IV. 530.
Cutting V. Cutting, 86 N. Y. 522, IV. 177.
Czarnowsky v. Rochester, 55 App. Div. 388, 66 N. Y. Supp. 931, affd
165 N. Y. 649, 59 N. E. II2I, IV. 295, 421.
D
Daily Register Printing Co. v. New York, 52 Hun, 542, 6 N. Y.
Supp. 10, IV. SS3.
Dallas V. Fosdick, 40 How. Pr. 249, IV. 706.
Dammert v. Osborn, 140 N. Y. 30, 35 N. E. 407, IV. 333.
Danolds v. State, 89 N. Y. 36, 42 Am. Rep. 277, IV. 273, 661.
Darlington v. New York, 31 N. Y. 164, 88 Am. Dec. 248, IV. 444.
Darnel's Case, I. 717.
Dartmouth College v. Woodward, 4 Wheat. 518, 4 L. ed. 629, IV. 26a
Dasey v. Skinner, 33 N. Y. S. R. 15, 11 N. Y. Supp. 821, IV. 112.
Dash V. Van Kleeck, 7 Johns. 477, S Am. Dec. 291, IV. 201, 203, 326.
Davidge v. Binghamton, 62 App. Div. 525, 71 N. Y. Supp. 282, IV.
271, 300, 429-
Davidson v. New York, 27 How. Pr. 342, IV. 92, 267.
Davies, Re, 168 N. Y. 89, 56 L. R. A. 855, 61 N. E. 118, IV. 86, 96,
528, 550, SS3.
Davis v. Packard, 6 Peters, 41, 8 L. ed. 312 ; 7 Peters 276, 8 L. ed.
684; 8 Peters 313, 8 L. ed. 957; 6 Wend. 327, IV. 529.
Dawson v. Horan, 51 Barb. 459, II. 291, IV. 48, 625.
Deady v. Lyons, 39 App. Div. 139, 57 N. Y. Supp. 448, IV. 693.
Deansville Cemetery Asso., Re, 66 N. Y. 569, 23 Am. Rep. 86, IV. 135.
De Bow V. People, i Den. 9, I. 215, IV. 376.
DeCamp, Re, 151 N. Y. 557, 45 N. E. 1039, IV. 137.
De Camp v. Dix, 159 N. Y. 436, 54 N. E. 63, IV. 42a
De Camp v. Eveland, 19 Barb. 81, IV. 202, 354, 384.
De Hart v. Hatch, 6 T. & C. 186; 3 Hun, 375, I. 285, IV. 526.
Delafield V. Illinois, 2 Hill, 159, IV. 27.
Delaney v. Brett, 51 N. Y. 78, IV. 13.
Delano, Re, 176 N. Y. 486, 64 L. R. A. 279, 68 N. E. 871, IV. 322, 334.
Demarest v. Flack, 128 N. Y. 205, 13 L. R. A. 854, 28 N. E 64s,
IV. 31.
Table of Cases. 229
Demarest v. New York, 74 N. Y. 161, IV. 179, 253.
Demarest v. Wickham, 67 Barb. 312 ; 63 N. Y. 320, IV. 759.
Dempsey v. New York C. & H. R. R. Co. 146 N. Y. 290, 40 N. E.
867. IV. 793.
Department Pub. Works, Re, 86 N. Y. 437, IV. 394.
De Peyster, Re, 80 N. Y. 565, IV. 108.
De Peyster v. Michael, 6 N. Y. 467, 57 Am. Dec. 470, II. 15, IV. 152.
Deposit V. Vail, S Hun, 310, IV. 624.
Desmond v. Crane, 39 App. Div. 190, 57 N. Y. Supp. 266, IV. 622.
Detmold v. Drake, 46 N. Y. 318, IV. 21.
De Vaucene, Re, 31 How. Pr. 289, IV. 304, 387.
Devine v. People, 20 Hun, 98, IV. 633.
Devlin v. New York, 63 N. Y. 8, IV. 386.
Devoy v. New York, 36 N. Y. 449, IV. 750.
De Witt V. Elmira Transfer R. Co. 134 N. Y. 495, 32 N. E. 42,
IV. 666.
Dickenson v. Rogers, 19 Johns. 279, I. 181.
Dikeman v. Dikeman, 11 Paige, 484, IV. 320, 332.
Dillon V. Erie R. Co. 19 Misc. 116, 43 N. Y. Supp. 320, IV. 96, 209,
267.
Dodge V. Cornelius, 168 N. Y. 242, 61 N. E. 244, IV. 13, 21.
Dodge V. Platte County, 16 Hun, 285 ; 82 N. Y. 218, IV. 21.
Dodge Mfg. Co. v. Nassau Show Co. 44 App. Div. 603, 61 N. Y.
Supp. Ill, IV. 630.
Dohring v. People, 2 Thomp. & C. 458, IV. 598.
Dolan V. New York & H. R. Co. 74 App. Div. 434, 77 N. Y. Supp.
815, IV. 120.
Donohue, Re, i Abb. N. C. I, IV. 13, 33, 42.
Doran v. Bussard, 38 App. Div. 30, 55 N. Y. Supp. 987, IV. 421.
Dom Case, Court of Impeachments, IV. 607.
Doubleday v. Heath, 16 N. Y. 80, I. 255, IV. 614, 618.
Douglas V. Phoenix Ins. Co. 63 Hun, 393, 18 N. Y. Supp. 259, IV^ 27.
Dows, Re, 167 N. Y. 227, 52 L. R. A. 433, 88 Am. St. Rep. 509, 60
N. E. 439, aff'd sub nom. Orr v. Gilman, 183 U. S. 278,
46 L. ed. 196, 22 Sup. Ct. Rep. 213, IV. 322.
Doyle V. Metropolitan Elev. R. Co. 136 N. Y. 505, 32 N. E 1008,
IV. 52.
Doyle v. New York, 58 App. Div. 588, 69 N. Y. Supp. 120, IV. 239.
230 Constitutional History of New York.
Drake v. Hudson River R. Co. 7 Barb. 508, IV. 113.
Drake v. New York, 7 Lans. 340, IV. 3S9.
Dresser v. Brooks, 3 Barb. 429, IV. 22.
Duanesburgh v. Jenkins, 57 N. Y. 177, IV. 250, 300.
Dubois V. Kingston, 20 Hun, 500, IV. 243.
Dudley v. Flushing Jockey Club, 14 Misc. 58, 36 N. Y. Supp. 128, IV.
146.
Dudley v. Mayhew, 3 N. Y. 9, IV. S33-
Duffy V. People, i Hill, 3SS, 6 Hill. 75, IV. 4S.
Dunlop V. Edwards, 3 N. Y. 341, IV. 205.
Dunton v. Hume, 15 App. Div. 122, 44 N. Y. Supp. 30S, FV. 401.
Duquesne Club v. Penn Bank, 35 Hun, 390, IV. 30.
Duryea v. Traphagen, 84 N. Y. 652, IV. 541.
Duryee v. New York, 96 N. Y. 477, IV. 304.
Dusenbury v. Mutual U. Teleg. Co. 11 Abb. N. C. 440, IV. 119.
Dutch Church v. Mott, 7 Paige, 77, IV. 177, 214.
Dyker Meadow Land & Improv. Co. v. Cook, 3 App. Div. 164, 38
N. Y. Supp. 222, aff'd in 159 N. Y. 6, 53 N. E. 690, IV.
92,399-
Ebling V. Dreyer, 149 N. Y. 460, 44 N. E. 155, IV. 295.
Edymoin, Re, 8 How. Pr. 478, IV. 475.
Egan V. Health Department, 20 Misc. 38, 45 N. Y. Supp. 325, IV. 97,
Egan V. Lynch, 17 Jones & S. 454, IV. 43, 92.
Egerer v. New York C. & H. R. R. Co. 130 N. Y. 108, 14 L. R. A.
381, 29 N. E. 95, IV. 121, 238.
Egerer v. New York C. & H. R. R. Co. 70 App. Div. 421. 75 N.
Y. Supp. 476, IV. 118.
Eggers V. Manhattan R. Co. 42 N. Y. S. R. 123, 21 N. Y. Civ.
Proc. Rep. 403, 18 N. Y. Supp. 181, IV. 542.
Eldridge v. Binghamton, 120 N. Y. 309, 24 N. E. 462, IV. 297, 666.
Eliott, Re, 6 N. Y. S. R. 8, JV. 620, 74s, 762.
Ellis Case (Senate) IV. 587.
Elwood V. Rochester, 43 Hun, 103, IV. 665.
Ely V. Holton, 15 N. Y. 595, IV. 206.
Table of Cases. 231
Ely V. Niagara County, 36 N. Y. 297, IV. 724.
Embury v. Conner, 3 N. Y. 511, 53 Am. Dec. 325, IV. 21, 120, 552.
Empire City Bank, Re, 18 N. Y. igg, IV. 43, 260, 675, 679.
Englishbe v. Helmuth, 3 N. Y. 294, IV. 437.
Ensign v. Barse, 107 N. Y. 329, 14 N. E. 400, 15 N. E. 401, IV. 99,
397-
Erbe, Re, 13 Misc. 404, 35 N. Y. Supp. 102, IV. S3-
Eureka Basin Warehouse & Manf. Co., Re, 96 N. Y. 42, IV. 135.
Ewer, Re, 70 Hun, 239, 24 N. Y. Supp. 500, aff'd in 141 N. Y. 129,
36 N. E. 4. IV. 280.
Exempt Firemen's Asso. v. Exempt Firemen's Benev. Funds, 34
App. Div. 138, 54 N. Y. Supp. 621, IV. 780, 785.
Exempt Firemen's Benev. Fund v. Roome, 93 N. Y. 313, 45 Am. Rep.
217, IV. 247, 428, 443, 445. 694, 744-
Falconer v. Buffalo & J. R. Co. 69 N. Y. 491 ; 103 U. S. 821, 26 L.
ed. 471, IV. 2S9, 686.
Fallon, Re, 28 Misc. 748, 59 N. Y. Supp. 849, IV. 698.
Farley v. McConnell, 52 N. Y. 630, IV. 616.
Farmer's Loan & Trust Co. v. Aberle, 18 Misc. 257, 41 N. Y. Supp.
638, IV. 326.
Fanners' Loan & Trust Co. v. Ferris, 67 App. Div. i, 73 N. Y. Supp.
475, IV. 534-
Farmer's Nat. Bank v. Houston, 44 Hun, 567, IV. 542.
Farnham v. Benedict, 107 N. Y. 159, 13 N. E. 784, IV. 426.
Fearing v. Irwin, 55 N. Y. 486, IV. 237.
Feerick v. Conner, 11 N. Y. Wkly. Dig. 342, I. 288.
Fellows V. Blacksmith, 19 How. 366, 15 L. ed. 684, aff'g 7 N. Y.
401, IV. 168.
Fellows V. Denniston, 23 N. Y. 420, IV. 169, 173, 316.
Fellows V. New York, 8 Hun, 484, II. 530, IV. 390, 722.
Fenwick v. Mitchell, 34 Misc. 617, 70 N. Y. Supp. 667, IV. 49.
Ferguson v. Ross, 126 N. Y. 459, 27 N. E. 954, IV. 381.
Field, Re, 42 N. Y. St. Rep. 815, aff'd in 131 N. Y. 184, 30 N. E.
48, IV. 29s.
232 Constitutional History of New York.
Fire Dept. v. Atlas S. S. Co. 106 N. Y. 566, 13 N. E. 329, IV. 752-
Fire Dept. v. Harrison, 2 Hilt. 455, IV. 5°-
Fire Department v. Noble, 3 E. D. Smith, 440, IV. 118.
Fire Dept. v. Ogden, 59 How. Pr. 21, IV. 302.
Fire Dept. v. Stanton, 159 N. Y. 227, 54 N. E. 28, IV. 226.
Fire Department v. Wright, 3 E. D. Smith, 453, IV. 118.
First National Bank v. Lamb, 50 N. Y. 95, 10 Am. Rep. 438, IV. 2&
Fisher v. Rochester, 6 Lans. 225, IV. 122.
Fishkill V. Fishkill & B. PI. Road Co. 22 Barb. 634, IV. 403.
Fitch V. Livingston, 4 Sandf. 492, IV. 281.
Flatbush, Re, 60 N. Y. 398, IV. 319, 407.
Fletcher v. Peck, 6 Cranch, 87, 3 L. ed. 162, IV. 234, 269.
Flower, Re, 129 N. Y. 643, 29 N. E. 463, IV. 319.
Flynn v. Central R. Co. 142 N. Y. 439, 37 N. E. 514, 27 Abb. N. C.
31, 10 N. Y. Supp. 328, 1. 288.
FoUett Wool Co. v. Albany Terminal Warehouse Co. 61 App. Div.
296, 70 N. Y. Supp. 474, IV. 112.
Folts Street, Re, 18 App. Div. 568, 46 N. Y. Supp. 43, IV. 128, 615.
Foot V. Stevens, 17 Wend. 483, II. 154,
Foote v. Morris, 12 N. Y. Legal Obs. 61, IV. 329.
Foote V. N. Y. Fire Dept. S Hill, 99, IV. 281.
Forbell v. New York, 164 N. Y. 522, 51 L. R. A. 695, 79 Am. St
Rep. 666, 58 N. E. 644, IV. 124.
Ford, Re, 6 Lans. 92, IV. 441.
Ford V. New York C. & H. R. R. Co. 33 App. Div. 474, 53 N. Y.
Supp. 764, IV. 223.
Fort V. Cummings, 90 Hun, 481, 36 N. Y. Supp. 36, IV. 206, 3SS,
401, 422.
Fort Plain Bridge Co. v. Smith, 30 N. Y. 44, IV. 212, 236, 673.
Fourth Ave., Re, 11 Abb. Pr. 189, IV. 139.
Fox v. Dunckel, 55 Barb. 431, IV. 91.
Fox V. Mohawk & H. River Humane Soc. 165 N. Y. 517, 51 L. R.
A. 681, 80 Am. St. Rep. 767, 59 N. E. 353, IV. 429, 682.
Franklin v. Schermerhorn, 8 Hun, 112, IV. 281. .
Freeman v. Panama R. R. Co. 7 Hun, 122, IV. 383.
Frees v. Ford, 6 N. Y. 176, II. 158, IV. 13.
French v. Merrill, 27 App. Div. 612, 50 N. Y. Supp. 776, IV. S38.
Table of Cases. 233
Fries v. New York & Harlem R. Co. 169 N. Y. 270, 62 N. E. 358,
IV. 119.
Frost V. Brisbin, 19 Wend. 11, 32 Am. Dec. 423, IV. 29a
Gadsen v. Woodward, 103 N. Y. 242, 8 N. E. 653, IV. 82.
Gagan, Re, 47 N. Y. S. R. 444, 20 N. Y. Supp. 426, IV. 325.
Gage, Re, 141 N. Y. 112, 25 L. R. A. 781, 3s N. E. 1094, IV. 185, 752.
Gamble v. Watkins, 7 Hun, 448, IV. 694.
Gansberg v. Sagemohl, 67 App. Div. 554, 73 N. Y. Supp. 984, IV. 44.
Ganson v. Buffalo, 2 Abb. App. Dec. 236, IV. 326.
Gardiner v. People, 6 Park. Cr. 155, IV. 78.
Gardner v. Newburgh, 2 Johns. Ch. 162, 7 Am. Dec. 526, IV. 124.
Garey v. People, 9 Cow. 640, IV. 620.
Garr v. Bright, i Barb. Ch. 157, IV. 27.
Garrison v. New York, 21 Wallace, 196, 22 L. ed. 612, IV. 263, 328.
Garvey, Re, 147 N. Y. 117, 41 N. E. 439, IV. 193.
Gaskin v. Meek, 42 N. Y. 186, IV. 406.
Gates V. State, 128 N. Y. 221, 28 N. E. 373, IV. 661.
Geer v. Mathieson Alkali Works, 190 U. S. 428, 47 L. ed. 1122, 23
Sup. Ct. Rep. 807, IV. 529.
Gemp V. Pratt, 7 Daly, 197, 1. 288.
Genet v. Brooklyn, 99 N. Y. 296, i N. E. 777, IV. 116, 309, 317.
Geneva v. Geneva Tel. Co. 30 Misc. 236, 62 N. Y. Supp. 172, IV. 288.
Geneva & W. R. Co. v. New York C. & H. R. R. Co. 90 Hun, 9, 35
N. Y. Supp. 339, aff'd in 152 N. Y. 632, 46 N. E 1147,
IV. 130, 672.
George v. Jennings, 4 Hun, 66, IV. 143.
Geraty v. Reid, 78 N. Y. 64, IV. 628.
Germania Sav. Bank v. Suspension Bridge, 159 N. Y. 362, 54 N. E
33, IV. loi, 205, 294, 325-
Gertum v. Kings County, 109 N. Y. 170, 16 N. E. 328, IV. 275, 621.
Getman v. New York, 66 Hun, 236, 21 N. Y. Supp. 116, IV. 29s, 526.
Gibson, Re, 21 N. Y. 9, aflf'd in I Black, 587, 17 L. ed. 163, IV. 19,
260, 679.
Gibson v. Knapp, 21 Misc. 499, 47 N. Y. Supp. 446, IV. 6ga
234 Constitutional History of New York.
Gilbert v. Ackerman, 159 N. Y. 118, 45 L R. A. 118, 53 N. E.
753. IV. 103, 23s.
Gilbert v. Kings County, 136 N. Y. 180, 32 N. E. 554, IV. 595.
Gilbert v. Mickle, 4 Sandf. Ch. 357, IV. 36.
Gilbert El. R. Co. y. Anderson, 3 Abb. N. C. 452, IV. 12.
Gilbert El. R. Co. v. Handerson 70 N. Y. 361, IV. 206, 223, 426, 428
Gilbert El. R. Co. v. Kobbe, 70 N. Y. 361, IV. 206, 223, 426, 428.
Gildersleeve v. People, 10 Barb. 35, IV. 51. •
Gilman v. Tucker, 128 N. Y. 190, 13 L. R. A. 304, 26 Am. St. Rep.
464, 28 N. E. 1040, IV. 110, 122, 303.
Gilroy, Re, 11 App. Div. 65, 42 N. Y. Supp. 640, IV. 552.
Gilroy, Re, 32 App. Div. 216, 52 N. Y. Supp. 990, IV. 116.
Gisel V. City of Buffalo, 15 St. Rep. 561, IV. 452.
Gloversville v. Howell, 70 N. Y. 287, IV. 222, 393.
Gmaehle v. Rosenberg, 83 App. Div. 339, 82 N. Y. Supp. 366, IV. 179.
Goedel v. Palmer, 15 App. Div. 86; 152 N. Y. 412, 46 N. E. 851, IV.
17, 767.
Goldey v. Morning News, 156 U. S. 518, 39 L. ed. 517, IS Sup. Ct.
Rep. 559, IV. 529.
Goldie V. Goldie, 77 App. Div. 12, 79 N. Y. Supp. 268, IV. loi.
Goodell V. Jackson, 20 Johns. 693, 11 Am. Dec. 351, IV. 165.
Goodman, Re, 146 N. Y. 284, 40 N. E. 769, IV. 193.
Goodsell V. Goodsell, 82 App. Div. 65, 81 N. Y. Supp. 806, IV. 327.
Gordon v. Comes, 47 N. Y. 608, IV. 312, 387, 719.
Gotcheus V. Matheson, 58 Barb. 152, IV. 180, 233.
Gould V. Glass, 19 Barb. 179, IV. 120.
Gould V. Hudson R. R. Co. 6 N. Y. 522, IV. 122, 150.
Gould V. Mahaney, 39 App. Div. 426, 57 N. Y. Supp. 363, IV. 622.
Gould V. Sterling, 23 N. Y. 439, IV. 221.
Granger v. Buffalo, 6 Abb. N. C. 238, IV. 312.
Grant v. Courier, 24 Barb. 232, IV. 123, 214, 221, 772.
Grant v. People, 4 Park. Cr. 527, IV. 75.
Gray v. Brooklyn, 2 Abb. App. Dec. 267, IV. 255, 675.
Greason v. Keteltas, 17 N. Y. 491, IV. 53.
Greeff v. Equitable Life Assurance Soc 160 N. Y. 19, 46 L. R. A.
288, 73 Am. St. Rep. 659, 54 N. E. 712, IV. 265.
Green, Re, 153 N. Y. 223, 47 N. E. 292, IV. 550.
Green v. Port Jervis, 31 Misc. 59, 64 N. Y. Supp. 547, IV. 245.
Table of Cases. 235
Green v. Shumway, 39 N. Y. 418, II. 243, IV. 36, 82, 182.
Greene, Re, 166 N. Y. 485, 60 N. K 183, IV. 687.
Griffin v. Potter, 14 Wend. 209, IV. 306.
Griswold v. Sheldon, 4 N. Y. 581, II. is8.
Grobe v. Erie County Mut. Ins. Co. 39 App. Div. 183, 57 N. Y. Supp.
290, IV. 213.
Grossman v. Caminez, 79 App. Div. 15, 79 N. Y. Supp. 900, IV. loi,
no, 279.
Grout, Re, 105 App. Div. 98, IV. 112.
Grove, Re, 64 Barb. 526, IV. 303.
Grover v. Coon, i N. Y. 536, IV. 294.
Guden, Re, 171 N. Y. 529, 64 N. E. 451, II. 565, IV. 724.
Guenther v. People, 24 N. Y. 100, IV. 76.
Guest v. Brooklyn, 8 Hun, 97, aff'd in 69 N. Y. 506, IV. 441.
Guild v. Rogers, 8 Barb. 502, IV. 274.
Guilford, v. Chenango County, 13 N. Y. 143, IV. 245, 250, 299, 310,
751-
Guillotel V. New York, SS How. Pr. 114, IV. 303.
H
Haase, Re, 88 App. Div. 242, 85 N. Y. Supp. 462, IV. 744.
Hackley v. Sprague, 10 Wend. 114, IV. 204.
Hadden Case, I. 577, IV, 611.
Hadfield v. New York, 6 Robt. 501, IV. 265.
Haggerty v. People, 53 N. Y. 476, IV. 71.
Hagmayer v. Alten, 36 Misc. S9, 72 N. Y. Supp. 623, IV. 211.
Hagner v. Hall, 10 App. Div. 581, 42 N. Y. Supp. 63, IV. 324.
Hall V. Nelson, 23 Barb. 88, 1. 255.
Hall V. People, 90 N. Y. 498, IV. 275. '
Hallock V. Dominy, 7 Hun, 52, 69 N. Y. 238, IV. 427, 620.
Hatnersly v. New York, 56 N. Y. 533, IV. 115.
Hamilton Ave., Re, 14 Barb. 405, IV. 118.
Hand v. Ballou, 12 N. Y. 541, IV. 229.
Hand Street, Re, sS Hun, 132, 8 N. Y. Supp. 610, IV. i37-
Hanlon v. Westchester County, 57 Barb. 383, IV. I37, 443, 737-
Happy V. Mosher, 48 N. Y. 313, IV. 88, 96.
236 Constitutional History of New York.
Hardenbergh v. Van Keuren, 16 Hun, 17, IV. 300.
Harper v. Brooklyn El. R. Co. N. Y. Daily Reg. Sept 9, 1885, IV.
428.
Harris v. Niagara County, 33 Hun, 279, IV. 407.
Harris v. People, 59 N. Y. 599, IV. 389.
Harris v. Thompson, 9 Barb. 350, IV. 256.
Harroun v. Brush Elec. Light Co. 152 N. Y. 212, 38 L. R. A. 615, 46
N. E. 291, IV. 539.
Hart V. Albany, 3 Paige, 213, IV. 256.
Hart V. Hart, 22 Barb. 606, IV. 151.
Hart V. Ogdensburg & L. C. R. Co. 69 Hun, 378, 23 N. Y. Supp.
639. IV. 270.
Hart V. People, 26 Hun, 396, IV. 141.
Hartung v. People, 22 N. Y. 95, IV. 234.
Hartung y. People, 26 N. Y. 167, IV. 78.
Hartwell v. Armstrong, 19 Barb. 166, IV. 125, 133.
Hassan v. Rochester, 67 N. Y. 528, IV. 321.
Hatch, Re, II Jones & S. 89, IV. 87.
Hathaway, Re, 9 Hun, 79, 71 N. Y. 238, IV. 551, 753.
Hathaway v. Tuttle, 12 N. Y. Wkly. Dig. 240, IV. 412.
Hatzung v. Syracuse, 92 Hun, 203, 36 N. Y. Supp. 521, IV. 324.
Hauptman v. Catlin, 20 N. Y. 247, IV. 267, 302.
Havemeyer v. IngersoU, 12 Abb. Pr. N. S. 301, IV. 20.
Hawkins v. Rochester, i Wend. S3, 19 Am. Dec. 462, IV. 326.
Hawley v. Whalen, 64 Hun, 550, 19 N. Y. Supp. 521, IV. 614.
Hayner v. James, 17 N. Y. 316, IV. 243.
Healey v. Dudley, S Lans. 115, IV. 381, 451, 614.
Health Department v. Trinity Church, 145 N. Y. 32, 27 L. R. A. 710,
45 Am. St. Rep. 579, 39 N. E. 833, IV. 97, 287.
Heard v. Brooklyn, 60 N. Y. 242, IV. 127.
Heath v. Barmore, 50 N. Y. 302, IV. 120. '
Heffron v. Jennings, 66 App. Div. 443, 73 N. Y. Supp. 410, IV. 614.
Hein v. Davidson, 96 N. Y. 175, 48 Am. Rep. 612, IV. 95, 115, 294.
Heinze, Re, 20 Misc. 371, 46 N. Y. Supp. 247, IV. 99.
Henderson v. New York, 65 App. Div. 180, 72 N. Y. Supp. 609,
IV. 2SS.
Henderson v. Wickham, 92 U. S. 259, 23 L. ed. 543, IV. 285.
Heney v. Brooklyn Benev. Soc. 39 N. Y. 333, IV. 149.
Table of Cases. 237
Henneberger, Re, 155 N. Y. 420, 42 L. R. A. 132, 50 N. E. 61, IV. 420.
Hennesy v. Volkening, 30 Abb. N. C. 100, 22 N. Y. 528, IV. 319.
Henry, Re, 40 N. Y. 560, I. 252.
Hequembourg v. Dunkirk, 49 Hun, 550, 2 N. Y. Supp. 447, IV. SBO,
696, 751.
Herb v. Metropolitan Hospital & Dispensary, 80 App. Div. 14s, 80
N. Y. Supp. 552, IV. 44.
Hersee v. Porter, 100 N. Y. 403, 3 N. E. 338, IV. 98.
Hewitt V. New York & O. M. R. Co. 12 Blatchford, 452. Fed. Cas.
6,443, IV. 312.
Heyward v. New York, 7 N. Y. 314, IV. 126, 133, 297.
Hickox V. Tallman, 38 Barb. 608, IV. 229, 327.
Higgins V. Reynolds, 31 N. Y. 156, IV. 122.
Hill V. People, 20 N. Y. 363, IV. 46.
Hill V. Thompson, 16 Jones & S. 481, IV. 114.
Hiller v. Burlington & M. River R. Co. 70 N. Y. 223, IV. 294.
Hilliard, Re, 25 App. Div. 222, 49 N. Y. Supp. 286, aff'd in 155 N. Y.
702, 50 N. E. 1 1 18. IV. 266.
Hills V. Peekskill Sav. Bank. loi N. Y. 490, s N. E. 327, IV. 691.
Hilton V. Bender. 69 N. Y. 75, IV. 139.
Hinckley v. Schwarzchild & S. Co. 45 Misc. 176, 91 N. Y. Supp.
893, IV. 674.
Hirshfeld v. Bopp, 145 N. Y. 84, 39 N. E. 817, IV. 680.
Hirshfeld v. Fitzgerald, 157 N. Y. 166, 46 L. R. A. 839, 51 N. E. 997,
IV. 550.
Hoag V. Lament, 60 N. Y. 96, I. 288, IV. 627.
Hodges v. Buffalo, 2 Den. 110, IV. 693.
Hodges v. Perine, 24 Hun, 516, IV. 288.
Hoey V. Gilroy, 129 N. Y. 132, 29 N. E. 85, IV. 223, 238.
Hoffman v. Hoffman, 46 N. Y. 30, 7 Am. Rep. 299, IV. 24.
Holland v. Alcock, ro8 N. Y. 312, 2 Am. St. Rep. 420, 16 N: E.
305, IV. 178.
Holmes v. Broughton, 10 Wend. 75, 25 Am. Dec. 536, IV. 178.
Holmes v. Holmes, 4 Barb. 295, IV. 266.
Holmes v. Lansing, 3 Johns. Cas. 73, IV. 271.
Holroyd v. Indian Lake, 40 Misc. 75, 81 N. Y: Supp. 268, IV. 699.
Home Ins. Co. v. New York, 134 U. S. 594. 33 L. ed. 1025, 10 Sup.
Ct. Rep. 593. aff'g 92 N. Y. 328, IV. 313. 3i4, 443-
238 Constitutional History of New York.
Hooker Case (Legislature), IV. 568.
Hoppock V. Stone, 49 Barb. 524, IV. 331.
Horn V. Oneida County, 13s N. Y. 473, 16 L. R. A. 836, 31 N. E.
921, IV. 346.
Horn Silver Min. Co. v. New York, 143 U. S. 305, 36 L. ed. 164, 4
Inters. Com. Rep. 57, 12 Sup. Ct. Rep. 403, aff'g 105 N. Y.
76, II N..E. iss, IV. 209, 225.
Horton v. Thompson, 71 N. Y. 513, IV. 300.
House V. Rochester, 15 Barb. 517, IV. 136.
Howard v. Moot, 64 N. Y. 262, IV. 228.
Howard Iron Works v. Buffalo Elevating Co. 81 App. Div. 386, 81
N. Y. Supp. 4S2. IV. 61S.
Howell V. Buffalo, 37 N. Y. 267, IV. 318,
Hubbard v. Sadler, 104 N. Y. 223, 10 N. E. 426, IV. 4Sa
Huber v. People, 49 N. Y. 132, IV. 381, 406.
Hudson V. Caryl, 44 N. Y. 553, IV. 50.
Huffmire v. Brooklyn, 162 N. Y. 584, 48 L. R. A. 421, $7 N. E. 176,
IV. 122.
Hulbert v. Clark, 128 N. Y. 295, 14 L. R. A. 59, 28 N. E. 638, IV.
244, 274.
Hull V. Ruggles, s6 N. Y. 424, IV. 145.
Hunt V. Hunt, 72 N. Y. 217, 28 Am. Rep. 129, IV. 21, 296.
Hurlburt v. Banks, 52 How. Pr. 196, IV. 395, 413, 418, 439, 442, 68d
Hussy V. People, 47 Barb. 503, IV. 75.
Hutkoff V. Demorest, 103 N. Y. 377, I. 289.
I
Indiana v. Woram, 6 Hill, 33, 40 Am. Dec. 378, IV. 22, 27.
Ingersoll v. Nassau Elec. Co. 157, N. Y. 453, 43 L. R. A. 236, 52 N.
E. 545, IV. 431.
Inman S. S. Co. v. Tinker, 94 U. S. 238, 24 L. ed. 118, IV. 210.
Inspectors of Election, Re, 25 N. Y. Supp. 1063, IV. 185, 752.
International Bank v. Bradley, 19 N. Y. 245, IV. 624.
International Life Assurance Society v. Tax Comrs. 28 Barb. 318,
IV. 314.
Ireland v. Rochester, 51 Barb. 416, IV. 318, 319.
Table of Cases. 239
Irving V. Britton, 8 Misc. 201, 28 N. Y. Supp. 529, IV. 146.
Irving Nat. Bank v. Moynihan, 78 App. Div. 141, 79 N. Y. Supp. 528,
IV. 538.
Irvirin V. Met. St. Ry. Co. 38 App. Div. 253, 57 N. Y. Supp. 21, IV.
629.
Isola V. Weber, 147 N. Y. 329, 41 N. W. 704, IV. 179.
Jackson ex dem. Tuttle v. Gridley, 18 Johns. 98, IV. 58.
Jackson ex dem. Lepper v. Grisvirold, S Johns. 142, IV. 243.
Jackson ex dem. Yates v. Hathaway, 15 Johns. 447, 8 Am. Dec. 263,
IV. 121.
Jackson ex dem. Klock v. Hudson, 3 Johns. 375, 3 Am. Dec. 500, IV.
164.
Jackson ex dem. Winthrop v. Ingraham, 4 Johns. 163, IV. 148.
Jackson ex dem. Hart v. Lamphire, 3 Peters, 280, 7 L. ed. 679, IV.
201, 243, 260, 271.
Jackson ex dem. McCloughry v. Lyon, 9 Cow. 664, IV. 296.
Jackson ex dem. Hicks v. Van Zandt, 12 Johns. 168, IV. 204.
Jackson ex dem. Russell v. White, 20 Johns. 313, I. 489, 558.
Jackson ex dem. Wood v. Wood, 2 Cow. 819, IV. 27, 52.
Jacobs, Re, 98 N. Y. 98, 50 Am. Rep. 636, IV. 36, 85, iii, 277, 286.
Jaehne v. New York, 128 U. S. 189, 32 L. ed. 398, 9 Sup. Ct. Rep.
70, IV. 305.
Jamaica v. Denton, 70 N. Y. Supp. 837, IV. 401.
James v. Andrews, Selden's Notes 9, aff'g 9 Barb. 482, IV. 272.
Janes, Re, 30 How. Pr. 446, IV. 47, 105.
Jarvis v. Waterbury, 84 Hun, 462, 32 N. Y. Supp. 389, IV. 758.
Jensen, Re, 44 App. Div. 509, 60 N. Y. Supp. 933, IV. 698.
Jerome v. Ross, 7 Johns. Ch. 343, 11 Am. Dec. 484, IV. 132.
Jimeson v. Pierce, 78 App. Div. 9, 79 N. Y. Supp. 3, IV. 239.
John & C. Streets, Re, 19 Wend. 659, IV. 38, 86, 120.
Johns v. Press Pub. Co. 46 N. Y. S. R. 859, I9 N. Y. Supp. 3, IV.
143-
Johnson, Ex parte, 3 Cow. 371, I. 205.
240 Constitutional History of New York.
Johnson v. Ackerson, 40 How. Pr. 222, aff'd in 3 Daly 430, IV. 273,
301.
Johnson v. Mcintosh, 8 Wheat. 543, 5 L. ed. 681, IV. 17a
Johnson v. Rich, 9 Barb. 680, IV. 220.
Johnston v. Spicer, 107 N. Y. 185, 13 N. E. 753, IV. 149. 4o8.
Johnstown v. Wade, 157 N. Y. 50, Si N. E. 397, IV. 550.
Johnstown Cemetery Asso. v. Parker, 4s App. Div. SS, 60 N. Y. Supp.
lois, IV. 219.
Jones V. Chamberlain, 109 N. Y. 100, 16 N. E. 72, IV. 442.
Jones V. Seward, 41 Barb. 269, IV. 534.
Jones V. Sheldon, 50 N. Y. 477, IV. 91.
Jordan v. Hyatt, 3 Barb. 275, IV. 319.
Jorgensen v. Squires, 144 N. Y. 280, 39 N. E. 373, IV. 223.
Josephine, Re, 39 N. Y. 19, IV. 28, 239.
Joslyn V. Pacific Mail S. S. Co. 12 Abb. Pr. N. S. 329, IV. 260.
Judge's Case (Hadden) Assembly, I. 577, IV. 611.
K
Kane v. Hutkoff, 38 Misc. 678, 78 N. Y. Supp. 262, IV. 538.
Kane v. New York Elev. R. Co. 125 N. Y. 164, 11 L. R. A. 640, 26
N. E. 278, IV. 119.
Kantro v. Armstrong, 44 App. Div. 506, 60 N. Y. Supp. 970, IV. 629.
Kelley v. New York, 89 Hun, 246, 35 N. Y. Supp. 1109, IV. 257.
Kellinger v. Forty-Second St. & G. R. Co. 50 N. Y. 206, IV. 119.
Kelly V. McCarthy, 3 Bradf. 7, IV. 267.
Kelly V. Van Wyck, 35 Misc. 210, 71 N. Y. Supp. 814, IV. 744
Kennedy v. Dr. Kennedy Corporation, 32 Misc. 480, 66 N. Y. Supp.
22s, IV. 96.
Kennedy v. Queens County, 47 App. Div. 250, 62 N. Y. Supp. 276,
IV. 676.
Kenney v. Apgar, 93 N. Y. 539, IV. 49.
Kenney v. Williams, 14 Barb. 629, IV. 122.
Kenny, Re, 23 Misc. 9, 49 N. Y. Supp. 1037, aff'd in 30 App. Div. 624,
53 N. Y. Supp. nil, IV. 107, 216.
Kerr v. Kerr, 41 N. Y. 272, IV. 24, S30.
Table of Cases. 241
Kerr v. West Shore R. Co. 127 N. Y. 269. 27 N. E. 833, IV. 150, 256,
2S7-
Kerrigan v. Force, 68 N. Y. 381, IV. 206, 395, 424.
Keymer, Re, 148 N. Y. 219, 35 L. R. A. 447, 42 N. E. 667, IV. SiQ-
Kieman, Re, 6 Thomp. & C. 320, rev'd in 62 N. Y. 457, IV. 407.
Kimball, Re, iSS N. Y. 62, 49 N. E. 331, IV. 550.
King, Re, 168 N. Y. 53, 60 N. E. 1054, IV. 49.
King V. Bishop of Rochester, Fortescue Rep. loi, IV. 216.
King V. People, S Hun, 297, IV. 76.
Kings County Elev. R. Co., Re, 41 Hun, 425, rev'd in 105 N. Y. 97, 39
Am. Rep. 478, 13 N. E. 18, IV. 431.
Kingston, Re Taxpayers, 40 How. Pr. 444, IV. 673.
Kinne v. Syracuse, 30 Barb. 349, 3 Keyes, 110, IV. 352, 353.
Kipp, Re, 70 App. Div. 567, 75 N. Y. Supp. 589, IV. 44.
Kirkwood v. Newbury, 122 N. Y. 571, 20 N. E 10, IV. 4S0.
Klock V. People, 2 Park. Cr. 676, IV. 75.
Koch V. New York, 152 N. Y. 72, 46 N. E. 170, IV. 240, 633.
Kohn V. Koehler, 96 N. Y. 362, 48 Am. Rep. 628, IV. 146.
Knapp V. Newtown, 3 Thomp. & C. 748, i Hun, 268, IV. 246, 299.
Knaust, Re, loi N. Y. 188, 4 N. E. 338, IV. 386.
Knight V. Campbell, 62 Barb. 16, II. 291, IV. 48, 241.
Knights of Pythias v. Meyer, 198 U. S. 508, IV. 228, 325.
Knowles v. Conklin, 77 App. Div. 633, 78 N. Y. Supp. 1021, IV. 14.
Kresser v. Lyman, 74 Fed. 765, IV. 266.
Kronsbein v. Rochester, 76 App. Div. 494, 78 N. Y. Supp. 813, IV.
687, 6go.
Kuckler v. People, 5 Park Cr. 212, IV. 234.
Kundolf V. Thalheimer, 12 N. Y. S93, I. 255, II. 158, IV. 6ia
Kunzler v. Kohaus, 5 Hill, 317, IV. 22, 257.
Labrake, Re, 29 Misc. 87, 60 N. Y. Supp. 571, IV. 698.
Lahr v. Metropolitan El. R. Co. 104 N. Y. 268, 10 N. E. 528, IV. 118.
Lake Shore & M. S. R. Co. v. Smith, 173 U. S. 684, 43 L. ed. 858,
19 Sup. Ct. Rep. 565, IV. 106.
Vol. V. Const. Hist. — 16.
242 Constitutional History of New York.
Lamb, Re, 51 Hun, 633, 4 N. Y. Supp. 858, aff'd 121 N. Y. 703, 24
N. R 1 100, IV. 319, 323.
Lamb v. Connolly, 122 N. Y. 531, 25 N. E. 1042, IV. 320.
Lancaster v. Amsterdam Improvement Co. 72 Hun, 18, 25 N. Y.
Supp. 309, rev'd in 140 N. Y. 576, 24 L. R. A. 322, 35 N.
E. 964, IV. 31.
Landers v. Staten Island R. Co. 53 N. Y. 450, I. 288, IV. 627.
Lang V. Kiendl, 27 Hun, 66, IV. 319.
Lanning v. Carpenter, 20 N. Y. 447, II. 489, IV. 354.
Lansing v. Smith, 8 Cow. 146, aff'd in 4 Wend. 9, 21 Am. Dec. 89,
IV. 122, I2S, 257.
Lapham v. Marshall, 51 Hun, 36, 3 N. Y. Supp. 601, IV. 327.
Law Graduates University of New York, Re, 31 Barb. 353, I. 252.
Lawrence, Re, I Redf. 310, IV. 274.
Lawrence v. Miller, 2 N. Y. 245, IV. 262.
Lawton v. Steele, 152 U. S. 133, 38 L. ed. 385, 14 Sup. Ct. Rep. 499.
aff'g 119 N. Y. 226, 7 L. R. A. 134, 16 Am. St. Rep. 813,
23 N. E. 878, IV. 201, 284, 304
Leake & Watts Orphan Home, Re, 92 N. Y. 116, IV. 393.
Leavitt v. Thompson, 52 N. Y. 62, IV. 91.
Le Couteulx v. Erie County, 7 Barb. 249, IV. 233.
Lee & Co's Bank, Re, 21 N. Y. 9, aff'd in as Sherman v. Smith, i
Black, 587, 17 L. ed. 163, IV. 19, 260, 679.
Lee v. Glover, 8 Cow. 189, IV. 166.
Lee V. Tillotson, 24 Wend. 337, 35 Am. Dec. 624, IV. 52.
Leggett V. Hunter, 19 N. Y. 445, IV. 295.
Lehigh & N. E. R. R. Co. v. American Bonding & Trust Co. 40 Misc.
698, 83 N. Y. Supp. 191, IV. 630.
Lehigh Valley R. Co. v. Adam, 70 App. Div. 427, 75 N. Y. Supp. 515,
IV. 271, 287.
Lemmon v. People, 20 N. Y. 562, IV. 26, 291, 307.
Lent, Re, 47 App. Div. 349, 62 N. Y. Supp. 227, IV. 140.
Lester, Re, 21 Hun, 130, IV. 756.
Levy V. Dunn, 160 N. Y. 504, 73 Am. St. Rep. 699, SS N. E. 288, IV.
95. 105.
Lewenthal v. New York, s Lans. 532, IV. 389.
Lewis v. State, 96 N. Y. 71, 48 Am. Rep. 607, IV. 660.
Table of Cases. 243
Lexington Ave., Re, 29 Hun, 303, 63 How. Pr. 4(3^, 92 N. Y. 629, IV.
20, 419-
Libman v. Manhattan R. Co. 59 Hun, 428, 13 N. Y. Supp. 378, IV. sa
Lieutenant-Governor's Claim, 2 Wend. 213, 216, I. 182, 209, IV. 274.
LindenrauUer v. People, 33 Barb. 548, IV. S, 61, 64, 308.
Litchfield v. McComber, 42 Barb. 288, IV. 310, 750.
Litchfield v. Vernon, 41 N. Y. 123, IV. 317, 385, 751.
Live Stock Dealers & Butchers Asso. v. Crescent City L. S. L. &
S. H. Co. I Abb. (U. S.) 388, Fed. Cas. No. 8,408, IV. 85.
Livingston, Re, 24 App. Div. 51, 48 N. Y. Supp. 989, IV. 47, 94.
Livingston v. Livingston, 173 N. Y. 377, 61 L. R. A. 800, 93 Am. St
Rep. 600, 66 N. E. 123, IV. 327.
Livingston v. New York, 8 Wend. 85, 22 Am. Dec. 622, IV. 27, 45,
"5.
Livingston v. Tompkins, 4 Johns. Ch. 416, 8 Am. Dec. 598, IV. 22,
290.
Livingston v. Van Ingen, 9 Johns. 506, I. 662, IV. 235, 290, 427.
l-ivingston Street, Re, 82 N. Y. 621, IV. 108, 774.
Lochner v. New York, 198 U. S. 45, 49 L. ed. 937, 25 Sup. Ct. Rep.
539. rev'g 177 N. Y. 145, 69 N. E. 373, IV. 283.
:.ocke v. State, 140 N. Y. 480, 35 N. E. 1076, IV. 660.
^ockwood v. Gehlert, 127 N. Y. 241, 27 N. E. 812, IV. 123.
!-ong V. New York, 10 N. Y. Wkly. Dig. 405, IV. 269.
-ong Island R. Co. v. Bennett, 10 Hun, 91, IV. 116, 137.
!-ong Island Water Supply Co. v. Brooklyn, 166 U. S. 683, aflf'g 143
N. Y. 596, 26 L. R. A. 270, 38 N. E. 983, IV. 130, 261, 672.
Loomis V. Little Falls, 66 App. Div. 299, 72 N. Y. Supp. 774, IV.
244, 324.
X)rd V. Thomas. 64 N. Y. 107, IV. 273.
x)rillard. Re, 36 N. Y. St. Rep. 231, 13 N. Y. Supp. 83, IV. 414.
.owden. Re, 89 N. Y. 548, IV. 108.
.uhrs V. Eimer, 80 N. Y. 171, IV. 204.
-yman. Re, S9 App. Div. 217, 69 N. Y. Supp. 309, IV. 47.
-yman v. Matty, 35 App. Div. 227, 54 N. Y. Supp. 765, IV. 295.
-yman v. Rochester Title Ins. Co. 37 App. Div. 234, 56 N. Y. Supp.
Ill I, IV. 266, 29s.
.ynch V. Qark, i Sandl Ch. 583. IV. 30-
244 Constitutional History of New York
Lynch v. Metropolitan Elev. R. Co. 129 N. Y. 274, 15 L. R. A. 287
26 Am. St. Rep. 523, 29 N. E. 315, IV. 46.
Lynch v. Partridge, 36 Misc. 302, 73 N. Y. Supp. 469, IV. 666.
Lynde v. Lynde, 162 N. Y. 405, 48 L. R. A. 679, 76 Am. St. Rep.
332, 56 N. E. 979, IV. 24.
Lyon V. Manhattan R. Co. 142 N. Y. 298, 25 L. R. A. 402, 37 N. E.
113, IV. 229.
M
Mack V. People, 82 N. Y. 235, IV. 71, 217.
Mackellar v. Rogers, 109 N. Y. 468, 17 N. E. 350, IV. 44, 54.
Macomber v. New York, 17 Abb. Pr. N. S. 35, IV. 20.
Madden v. Arnold, 22 App. Div. 240, 47 N. Y. Supp. 757, afFd in
162 N. Y. 638, S7 N. E. 1 127, IV. 530.
Mahady v. Bushwick R. Co. 91 N. Y. 148, 43 Am. Rep. 661, IV. 121.
Mahon v. Board of Education, 171 N. Y. 263, 89 Am. St Rep. 810,
63 N. E. 1 107, IV. 452.
Mahon v. New York C. R. Co. 24 N. Y. 658, IV. 119.
Malone v. Saints Peter & Paul's Church, 172 N. Y. 269, 64 N. E.
961, IV. 42, sso.
Malone Waterworks Co., Re, 38 N. Y. St. Rep. 95, 15 N. Y. Supp.
649, IV. 133, 137, 304, 385-
Mangam v. Brooklyn, 98 N. Y. 585, 50 Am. Rep. 70s, IV. 425.
Mann V. Utica, 44 How. Pr. 334, IV. 35, 323. 39i-
Marden v. Dorthy, 160 N. Y. 39, 46 L. R. A. 694, 54 N. E. 726, IV.
SSO.
Martin v. Central Vermont R. Co. 50 Hun, 347, 3 N. Y. Supp. 82,
IV. 24
Martin's Bank v. Amazonas Co. 98 App. Div. 146, 90 N. Y. Supp.
734. IV. HO, 296, S33.
Massachussetts Nat. Bank v. Shinn, 163 N. Y. 360 57 N. E. 611,
IV. 151.
Mather Case, Court of Impeachments, IV. 606.
Mather v. Bush, 16 Johns. 233, 8 Am. Dec. 313, IV. 257.
Matthews v. Associated Press, 61 Hun, 199, 15 N. Y. Supp. 887,
IV. 141.
Table of Cases. 245
Mayer, Re, 50 N. Y. 504, IV. 390.
McAdam, Re, 27 N. Y. S. R. 352, 7 N. Y. Supp. 454, IV. 397.
McCabe v. Kenny, 52 Hun, 514, 5 N. Y. Supp. 678, IV. 407.
McCaffrey v. Smith, 41 Hun, 117, IV. 238.
McCann v. New York, 52 App. Div. 358, 65 N. Y. Supp. 308, 166
N. Y. 587, 59 N. E. 1 125, IV. 328.
McCarron v. People, 13 N. Y. 74, I. 249, 251.
McCarty v. New York C. & H. R. R. Co. 73 App. Div. 34, 76 N. Y.
Supp. 321, IV. 666.
McCoUum, Ex parte, I Cow. 550, IV. 206, 620.
McConnell v. Van Aerman, 56 Barb. 534, IV. 91.
McConologue v. McCaffrey, 29 Misc. 139, 60 N. Y. Supp. 279, IV.
629.
McCormack, Re, 86 App. Div. 362, 83 N. Y. Supp. 847, IV. 193.
McCormick v. Pickering, 4 N. Y. 276, IV. 22.
McCunn Case (Senate) IV. 585.
McDonald v. Mallory, 77 N. Y. 546, 33 Am. Rep. 664, IV. 308.
McDougall V. State, 109 N. Y. 73, 16 N. E. 78, IV. 659.
McDowall V. Sheehan, 129 N. Y. 200, 29 N. E. 299, IV. 675.
McElvaine v. Brush, 142 U. S. 155, 35 L. ed. 971, 12 Sup. Ct. Rep.
156, IV. 68.
McGrath v. Grout, 171 N. Y. 7, 63 N. E. 547, IV. 690, 782,
Mclntyre v. Allen, 43 Hun, 124, IV. 397.
Mclntyre v. Carriere, 17 Hun, 64, IV. 614.
McKee Land & Imp. Co. v. Williams, 63 App. Div. 553, 71 N. Y.
Supp. 1 141, IV. 299.
McKoan v. Devries, 3 Barb. 196, I. 252, IV. 10.
McLaren v. Pennington, i Paige, ID2, IV. 214, 325.
McLaughlin v. Kipp, 82 App. Div. 413, 81 N. Y. Supp. 896, IV. 296.
McLaughlin v. Miller, 124 N. Y. 510, 26 N. E. 1104, IV. 137, 319.
McMahon v. Palmer, 102 N. Y. 176, 55 Am. Rep. 796, 6 N. E. 400,
aff'd in 133 U. S. 660, 33 L. ed. 772, 10 Sup. Ct. Rep. 324,
IV. 97.
McMuUen v. Middletown, 46 Misc. 360, IV. 239, 303.
McNally v. Cohoes, 53 Hun, 202, aff'd in 127 N. Y. 350, 27 N. E.
1043, IV. 67s.
McNulty v. Mount Morris Elec. Light Co. 56 App. Div. 9, 67 N. Y.
Supp. 395. IV. so.
246 Constitutional History of New York.
McPherson, Re, 104 N. Y. 306, 58 Am. Rep. 502, 10 N. E. 68S, IV.
123, 32t, 444, 616.
Mead, Re, 74 N. Y. 216. IV. 774.
Mechanics Fire Ins. Co., Re, 5 Abb. Pr. 444, IV. 43.
Mechanicsville v. Stillwater & Mech. St. R. Co. 35 Misc. 513, 71 N.
Y. Supp. 1 102, IV. 271.
Medinger v. Brooklyn Heights R. Co. 6 App. Div. 42, 39 N. Y.
Supp. 613, IV. 179.
Members of Court of Errors, Re, 6 Wend. 158, I. 209, IV. 275, 540.
Menges v. Albany, 56 N. Y. 374, IV. 139.
Mercer v. Floyd, 24 Misc. 164, 53 N. Y. Supp. 433, IV. 249, 687.
Merzbach v. New York, 163 N. Y. 16, 57 N. E. 96, IV. 453.
Meserole v. Hoyt, 161 N. Y. 59, 55 N. E. 274, IV. SSo.
Metropolitan Bank v. Van Dyck, 27 N. Y. 400, IV. 19, 28, 678.
Met. Board of Excise v. Barrie, 34 N. Y. 657, IV. 47, 232, 747.
Met. Bd. of Health v. Heister, 37 N. Y. 661, IV. 51, 98, 252, 747.
Metropolitan Gaslight Co., Re, 85 N. Y. 526, IV. 389.
Metropolitan Transit Co., Re, in N. Y. 588, 19 N. E. 64s, IV. 432.
Metzger, Re, i Barb. 248, IV. 29.
Meuthen v. Eyelis, 33 Misc. 98, 67 N. Y. Supp. 246, IV. 630.
Meyers v. New York, 32 Misc. 522, 54 App. Div. 631, 66 N. Y. Supp.
755, IV. 20.
Middletown, Re, 82 N. Y. 196, IV. 108, 134, 137, 304.
Miller v. Miller, 18 Hun, 507, IV. 24.
Miller v. Moore, i E. D. Smith, 739, IV. 267, 302.
Miller v. New York, 15 Wallace, 478, 21 L. ed. 98, IV. 674.
Miller v. New York & E. R. Co. 21 Barb. 513, IV. 127.
Miller's Case (1828) 9 Cow. 730, IV. 475.
Milligan v. Brooklyn Warehouse & Storage Co. 34 Misc. 55, 68 N.
Y. Supp. 744, IV. 112.
Milliman v. Oswego & S. R. Co. 10 Barb. 87, IV. 331.
Mitchell, Re, 61 Hun, 372, 16 Supp. 180, IV. 329.
Mitchell V. White Plains, 62 Hun, 231, 16 N. Y. Supp. 828, aff'd in
138 N. Y. 627, 33 N. E. 1083, IV. 116.
Mohawk Bridge Co. v. Utica & S. R. Co. 6 Paige, 554, IV. 212, 326.
Mongeon v. People, 55 N. Y. 613, IV. 203.
Monroe County Sav. Bank v. Rochester, 37 N. Y. 365, IV. 227.
Table of Cases. 247
Moog V. Palmer, 15 App. Div. 86, 152 N. Y. 412, 46 N. E. 851, IV.
17, 767.
Moore v. Moore, 47 N. Y. 467, 7 Am. Rep. 466, IV. 28.
Moore v. New York, 8 N. Y. no, 59 Am. Dec. 473, IV. 117.
Moran v. Long Island City, loi N. Y. 439, 5 N. E. 80, IV. 211.
Moran v. Lydecker, 27 Hun, 585, IV. 418.
Moran v. Troy, 9 Hun, 540, IV. 318.
More V. Deyoe, 22 Hun, 208, IV. 385.
Morris v. People, 3 Den. 383, IV. 206.
Morris Canal & Bkg. Co. v. Townsend, 24 Barb. 658, IV. 127, 211.
Morse v. Goold, 11 N. Y. 281, 62 Am. Dec. 103, IV. 272, 301.
Mosier v. Hilton, 15 Barb. 657, IV. 384, 673.
Mount Morris, Re, 41 Hun, 29, IV. 242.
Mount Sinai Hospital v. Hyman, 92 App. Div. 270, 87 N. Y. Supp.
276, IV. 688, 704.
Mundt V. Glokner 160 N. Y. 571, 55 N. E. 297, IV. 550.
Murphy v. People, 2 Cow. 815, IV. 52.
Murphy v. Snitzpan, 15 Misc. 496, 36 N. Y. Supp. 1013, IV. 787.
Murray v. New York. 11 Jones & S. 164, IV. 406.
Murray v. Wooden. 17 Wend. 531, IV. 166.
Mussen v. Ausable Granite Works, 63 Hun, 367, 18 N. Y. Supp. 267,
IV. 525.
Myers v. Gemmel, 10 Barb. 537, IV. 178.
N
Negley v. Devlin. 12 Abb. Pr. N. S. 210, IV. 14s
Negus V. Brooklyn, 62 How. Pr. 291, IV. 426.
Nelson v. People, 23 N. Y. 293, I. 256, IV. 737.
Neuendorf! v. Duryea, 69 N. Y. 557, IV. 6, 64, 308, 385.
Newcomb, Re, 42 N. Y. S. R. 442, 18 N. Y. Supp. 16, IV. 43.
Newcdmb v. Newcomb, 12 N. Y. 603, I. 217.
Newcomb v. Newcomb, 33 Misc. 191, 68 N. Y. Supp. 430, IV. loa
Newell V. People, 7 N. Y. 9, I. 262, II. 221, IV. 10, 14.
New Rochelle Water Co., Re, 46 Hun, 525, IV. 133.
New York, Re, 34 Hun, 441, IV. 139, 263.
New York, Re, 99 N. Y. 569, 2 N. E. 642, IV. 108, 116, 134, 139, 263,
398, 421, 426, 428, 697, 755.
New York, Re, 72 N. Y. Supp. 378, IV. 690.
248 Constitutional History of New York.
New York, Re, 34 Misc. 719, 70 N. Y. Supp. 227, IV. 107.
New York, Re, 57 App. Div. 166, 68 N. Y. Supp. 196, aff'd in 167
N. Y. 627, 60 N. E. 1 108, IV. 402.
New York, Re, 89 N. Y. Supp. 6, IV. 415.
New York v. Colgate, 12 N. Y. 140, IV. 310.
New York ex rel. Bank of New York Nat. Bkg. Asso. v. Connelly,
19 L. ed. 57, IV. 323.
New York v. Fulton Market Fishmongers' Asso. 3 How. Pr. N. S
491, IV. 252.
New York v. Furgueson, 23 Hun, S94. IV. 286.
New York v. Gorman, 26 App. Div. 191, 49 N. Y. Supp. 1026, IV.
400.
New York v. Herdje, 68 App. Div. 370, 74 N. Y. Supp. 104, IV. 289.
New York v. Manhattan R. Co. 143 N. Y. i, 37 N. E. 494, IV. 21,
40S-
New York v. McLean, 57 App. Div. 601, 68 N. Y. Supp. 606, IV. 319.
New York v. Miln, 11 Peters, 102, 9 L. ed. 648, IV. 285.
New York v. Ryan, 2 E. D. Smith, 368, IV. 223.
New York v. Second Ave. R. Co. 34 Barb. 41, aff'd in 32 N. Y. 261,
IV. 267.
New York v. Slack, 3 Wheel. Cr. 237, IV. 258.
New York v. Squire, 145 U. S. 175, aff'g 107 N. Y. 593, i Am. St.
Rep. 893, 14 N. E. 820, IV. 268, 288, 304, 413.
New York v. Tax & A. Comrs. 4 Wall. 244, 18 L. ed. 344, IV. 323.
New York v. Tenth Nat. Bank, in N. Y. 446, 18 N. E. 618, IV. 247,
253, 754-
New York v. Twenty-third Street R. Co. 113 N. Y. 311, 21. N. E. 60,
IV. 214, 671.
New York v. Wright, 34 N. Y. S. R. 904, 12 N. Y. Supp. 20, IV.
lis-
New York Cable Co., Re, 40 Hun, i, IV. 674.
New York C. & H. R. R .Co. v. Met. Gaslight Co. 63 N. Y. 326, IV.
126, 129.
New York District R. Co. 107 N. Y. 42, 14 N. E. 187, IV. 432.
New York El. R. R. Co., Re, 70 N. Y. 327, IV. 10, 15, 137, 206, 207,
223. 234, 381, 674.
New York Fire Dept. v. Atlas S. S. Co. 106 N. Y. 566, 13 N. E.
329. IV. 752-
Table of Cases. 249
[Jew York Fire Underwriters v. Metropolitan Lloyds, 11 Misc. 646,
33 N. Y. Supp. 547, IV. 382.
New York Fire Underwriters v. Whipple, 2 App. Div. 361, 37 N. Y.
Supp. 712, IV. 95, 212, 282, 388.
New York & H. R. Co. v. Kip, 46 N. Y. 546, 7 Am. Rep. 385, IV.
126.
New York Juvenile Asylum, Re, 172 N. Y. 50, 64 N. E. 764, IV. 704.
New York, L. & W. R. Co., Re, 99 N. Y. 12, i N. E. 27, IV. 129, 135.
New York, L. E. & W. R. R. Co. v. Dunkirk, 65 Hun, 494, 20 N.
Y. Supp. 596, IV. 213, 313, 482.
New York & L. I. Bridge Co., Re, 54 Hun, 400, 7 N. Y. Supp. 445,
IV. 426.
New York & Long Island Bridge Co. v. Smith, 148 N. Y. 540, 42
N. E. 1088, IV. 206, 304, 408, 427, 437.
New York, N. H. & H. R. R. Co. v. Welsh, 143 N. Y. 411, 42 Am.
St. Rep. 734, 38 N. E. 378, IV. 212.
New York & O. Midland R. Co. v. Van Horn, 57 N. Y. 473, IV. 102,
20s, 300.
New York Pro. Epis. Pub. School, Re, 31 N. Y. 574, IV. 97, 318,
332.
New York Sanitary Utilization Co. v. Health Department, 61 App.
Div. 106, 70 N. Y. Supp. SIC, IV. 107, 258, 278.
New York State Loan & T. Co. v. Helmer, 77 N. Y. 64, IV. 677.
Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge Co. v. Bachman, 4 Lans. 523, IV.
122.
Niagara Falls & W. R. Co. Re, 108 N. Y. 375, 15 N. E. 429, IV.
134-
Ninth Ave. R. R. Co. v. New York Elev. R. Co. 3 Abb. N. C. 347,
IV. 412-
Noble, Re, 34 App. Div. 55, 54 N. Y. Supp. 42, IV. 447.
North River S. B. Co. v. Livingston, 1 Hopkins, 170, aff'd 3 Cow.
713, IV. 19. 207.
Norwood, Re, 32 Hun, 196, IV. 24.
Noyes v. Butler, 6 Barb. 613, IV. 24.
250 Constitutional History of New York.
o
Oakley v. Aspinwall, 3 N. Y. 547, I. 249, IV. 240, S46.
Odell V. Durant, 62 N. Y. 524, IV. 151.
Ogden V. Gibbons, 4 Johns. Ch. 150, IV. 235.
Ogden V. Lee, 6 Hill, 546, affd 5 Den. 628, IV. 167, 169.
Ogdensburg v. Lovejoy, 2 Thomp. & C. 83, aflf'd in 58 N. Y. 662, IV.
256, 284.
Ogdensburg v. Lyon. 7 Lans. 215, IV. 284.
O'Hara v. State. 112 N. Y. 146, 2 L. R. A. 603, 8 Am. St. Rep. 726,
19 N. E. 659, IV. 246, 299, 43S, 658.
O'Maley v. Reese, i Barb. 643, I. 277.
O'Meara v. Allegany, 3 Thomp. & Co. 23s, rev'd 59 N. Y. 316, IV.
149-
One Hundred Twenty-Seventh Street, Re, 56 How. Pr. 60, IV. 121.
Oneida Street Re, 37 App. Div. 266, 55 N. Y. Supp. 959, IV. 304.
O'Neill, Re, 90 N. Y. 584, IV. 207.
O'Reilly v. Utah, N. & C. Stage Co. 87 Hun, 406, 34 N. Y. Supp.
358, IV. 179, 205, 301-
Orr V. Oilman, 183 U. S. 278, 46 L. ed. 196, 22 Sup. Ct. Rep. 213,
IV. 322.
Ostrander, Re, 12 Misc. 476, 34 N. Y. Supp. 295, aff'd in 146 N. Y.
404, 42 N. E. 543, IV. 518.
Ostrander v. People, 29 Hun, 513, IV. 622.
Oswego Falls Bridge Co. v. Fish, i Barb. Ch. 547, IV. 212, 236.
Otten V. Manhattan R. Co. 150 N. Y. 395, 44 N. E. 1033, IV. 549.
Oviatt V. Hopkins, 20 App. Div. 168, 46 N. Y. Supp. 959, IV. 99.
Palmer, Re, 40 N. Y. 561, IV. 204.
Palmer v. Conly, 4 Den. 374, IV. 204.
Palmer v. Hickory Grove Cemetery, 84 App. Div. 600, 82 N. Y. Supp.
973. IV. 672.
Palmer v. Lawrence, s N. Y. 389, IV. 45.
Table of Cases. 251
Palmer v. McMahon, 133 U. S. 660, 33 L. ed. 772, 10 Sup. Ct. Rep.
324, aflf'g 102 N. Y. 176, ss Am. Rep. 796, 6 N. E. 400, IV.
320.
Pape V. New York & H. R. Co. 74 App. Div. 175, 77 N. Y. Supp.
72s, IV. 120.
Pardee v. Fish, 60 N. Y. 265, 19 Am. Rep. 176, IV. 677.
Parfitt V. Ferguson, 159 N. Y. in, 53 N. E. 707, IV. 304, 408.
Parish v. Rogers, 20 App. Div. 279, 46 N. Y. Supp. 1058, IV. IS2.
Parker v. Elmira, C. & N. R. Co. 165 N. Y. 274, 59 N. E. 81, IV. 391.
Parker v. Willard State Hospital, 50 App. Div. 622, 63 N. Y. Supp.
113, IV. 95.
Parmelee v. Oswego & S. R. Co. 7 Barb. 599, I. 263.
Parmenter v. State, 135 N. Y. 154, 31 N. E. 1035, IV. 245, 661.
Parsell v. Stryker, 41 N. Y. 480, IV. 151.
Parsons, The Robert W. 191 U. S. 17, 48 L. ed. 73, 24 Sup. Ct. Rep.
8, II. 6io, IV. 527.
Parsons v. Barnard, 7 Johns. 144. IV. 533.
Parsons v. Van Wyck, 56 App. Div. 329, 67 N. Y. Supp. 1054, IV.
696.
Patten v. New York Elev. R. Co. 3 Abb. N. C. 306, appeal dismissed,
67 N. Y. 484, IV. 405, 412, 426.
Paul, Re, 94 N. Y. 497, IV. 408.
Pearce v. Stephens, 18 App. Div. lOi, 45 N. Y. Supp. 422, IV. 206,
27s. 724, 740.
Peck, Re, v. Cargill, 167 N. Y. 391, 53 L. R. A. 888, 60 N. E. 775,
IV. 82.
Pell, Re, 171 N. Y. 48, 57 L. R. A. 540, 89 Am. St. Rep. 791, 63 N. E.
789, IV. Ill, 313, 321.
Penfield, Re, 3 App. Div. 30, 37 N. Y. Supp. 1056, IV. 140, 205.
Pennsylvania, Re, 45 Misc. 46, 90 N. Y. Supp. 808, IV. 112.
People V. Acton, 48 Barb. 524, IV. 222, 754.
V. Adams, 176 N. Y. 351, 63 L. R. A. 406, 98 Am. St. Rep. 675,
68 N. E. 636, aff'd in 192 U. S. 585, 48 L. ed. 575, 24
Sup. Ct. Rep. 372, IV. 29, 81, 94, 147.
V. Adirondack R. Co. 160 N. Y. 225, 54 N. E. 689, aff'd in
176 U. S. 335, 44 L. ed. 492, 20 Sup. Ct. Rep. 460, IV. 88,
94, 125, 131. 664.
252 Constitutional History of New York.
People ex rel. Livingston v. Albany Common Pleas, 19 Wend. 27, 1.
206.
ex rel. Bolton v. Albertson, 55 N. Y. 50, IV. 14, 207, 736, 747.
ex rel. Adsit v. Allen, 42 N. Y. 378, IV. 436.
ex rel. Schenectady Astronomical Observatory v. Allen, 42 N.
Y. 404, IV. 404 681, 719.
V. American Loan & T. Co. 150 N. Y. 117, 44 N. E. 949, IV.
549-
ex rel. Killeen v. Angle, 109 N. Y. 564, 17 N. E. 413, III. 330,
IV. 12, IS, S", 513-
V. Arensberg, 105 N. Y. 123, 59 Am. Rep. 483, 11 N. E. 277,
IV. 282.
V. Austin, 49 Hun, 396, 3 N. Y. Supp. 578, IV. 633.
ex rel. Dee v. Backus, 11 App. Div. 147, 42 N. Y. Supp. 899,
aff'd in 153 N. Y. 686, 48 N. E. 1106, IV. 402.
ex rel. Killmer v. Baird, 4 N. Y. Wkly. Dig. 576, IV. 45.
ex rel. Jones v. Baker, 12 Misc. 389, 34 N. Y. Supp. 49, IV.
S18.
v. Baltimore & O. R. Co. 117 N. Y. 150, 22 N. E 1026, IV.
126.
ex rel. Washington Park v. Banks, 67 N. Y. 568, IV. 395, 413,
414, 418, 686.
v. Barber, 48 Hun, 198, IV. 20, 185, 292.
ex rel. Broadway Imp. Co. v. Barker, 155 N. Y. 322, 49 N. E
884, IV. 550.
ex rel. Cahill v. Barker, 5 App. Div. 227, 39 N. Y. Supp. 140,
aff'd in 150 N. Y. 570, 44 N. E. 1127, IV. 758.
ex rel. Man. R. Co. v. Barker, 152 N. Y. 417, 46 N. E. 875,
IV. 550.
V. Barrett, 2 Caines Rep. 304; i Johns. 66, 2 Am. Dec. 239,
IV. 75.
ex rel. Choate v. Barrett, 56 Hun, 351, 9 N. Y. Supp. 321,
aff'd in 121 N. Y. 678, 24 N. E. 1095, IV. 78.
v. Bartholf, 139 N. Y. 32, 36 Am. St. Rep. 668, 34 N. E 759.
IV. 231.
ex rel. Dunkirk, W. & P. R. Co. v. Batchellor, 53 N. Y. 128,
13 Am. Rep. 480, IV. 249, 686.
Table of Cases. 253
People ex rel. Loew v. Batchelor, 22 N. Y. 128, IV. 741.
V. Beattie, 96 App. Div. 383, 89 N. Y. Supp. 193, IV. 283.
ex rel. Warren v. Beck, 10 Misc. 77, 30 N. Y. Supp. 473, 144
N. Y. 226, 39 N. E. 80, IV. 251.
ex rel. Stapleton v. Bell, 119 N. Y. 175, 23 N. E. 533, IV. 181,
195-
ex rel. Board of Education v. Bennett, 54 Barb. 480, IV. 388,
751-
ex rel. Vassar v. Berberrich, 20 Barb. 224, IV. 633.
V. Biesecker, 169 N. Y. 53, 57 L. R. A. 178, 88 Am. St. Rep.
534, 61 N. E. 990, IV. 278.
ex rel. Brown v. Blake, 49 Barb. 9, IV. 750.
ex rel. Flower v. Bleckwenn, SS Hun, 169, 7 N. Y. Supp. 914,
aff'd in 129 N. Y. 637, 29 N. E. 103 1, IV. 323.
ex rel. Brooklyn City R. R. v. Board of Assessors, Brooklyn,
92 N. Y. 430, IV. 319.
ex rel. New York v. Board of Assessors, Brooklyn, ill N. Y.
50s, 2 L. R. A. 148, 19 N. E. 90, IV. 320.
ex rel. Sears v. Board of Assessors, Brooklyn, 84 N. Y. 610,
IV. 264, 327, 766.
ex rel. Roman Catholic Orphan Soc. v. Board of Education,
13 Barb. 400. IV. 709.
ex reL Fisk v. Board of Education, 69 Hun, 212, 23 N. Y.
Supp. 473, aff'd 142 N. Y. 627, 37 N. E. 565, IV. 330.
ex rel. McCune v. Board of Police, 19 N. Y. 188, IV. 746.
ex rel. Farrell v. Board of Police Comrs. 20 Hun, 402, IV. 73.
ex rel. Flanagan v. Board of Police Comrs. 93 N. Y. 97, IV.
73.97-
V. Booth Co. 42 Misc. 321, 86 N. Y. Supp. 272, 105 App. Div.
184, IV. 280.
V. Bootman, 95 App. Div. 469, 88 N. Y. Supp. 887, 180 N. Y. i,
72 N. E. 505, IV. 95, 208, 280.
ex rel. Kimball v. Boston & A. R. Co. 70 N. Y. 569, IV. 214,
674.
V. Bowen, 21 N. Y. 517, H- 335. IV. 506, 673.
ex rel. Kingsland v. Bradley, 64 Barb. 228, IV. 299.
ex rel. Lawrence v. Brady, 56 N. Y. 182, IV. 477.
V. Brie, 43 Hun, 317, aff'd 105 N. Y. 618, IV. 22.
254 Constitutional History of New York.
People ex rel. Rochester v. Briggs, 50 N. Y. 553, IV. 203, 206, 304,
380, 392, 772, 779-
ex rel. Burroughs v. Brinkerhoff, 68 N. Y. 259, IV. 39a, 401.
ex rel. Griffin v. Brooklyn, 4 N. Y. 419, 55 Am. Dec. 266, IV.
108, 113, 312, 318, 771.
ex rel. Inebriates' Home v. Brooklyn, 152 N. Y. 399, 46 N. E.
852, IV. 12, 17, 19, 704.
ex rel. Post v. Brooklyn, 6 Barb. 209, IV. 113, 310.
ex rel. Pratt v. Brooklyn, 13 Abb. Pr. N. S. 121, IV. 406.
V. Brooklyn, F. & C. I. R. Co. 89 N. Y. 75, IV. 431.
ex rel. Joyce v. Brundage, 78 N. Y. 403, IV. 598.
ex rel. Winfield v. Bruning, 89 Hun, 124, 34 N. Y. Supp. 1048,
IV. 414.
ex rel. Trezza v. Brush, 60 Hun, 399, 15 N. Y. Supp. 512,
IV. 77.
V. Budd, 117 N. Y. I, s L. R. A. 599, 15 Am. St. Rep. 460, 22
N. E. 670, aff'd in 143 U. S. 517, 36 L. ed. 247, 4 Inters.
Com. Rep. 45, 12 Sup. Ct. Rep. 468, IV. 93, 201, 278.
ex rel. Bull v. Buffalo, 52 App. Div. 157, 65 N. Y. Supp. 163,
aff'd in 166 N. Y. 604, 59 N. E. 1128, IV. 238.
ex rel. Reynolds v. Buffalo, 140 N. Y. 300, 37 Am. St. Rep.
563, 35 N. E. 48s, IV. 264, 303.
V. Buffalo Fish Co. 30 Misc. 130, 62 N. Y. Supp. 543, 45 App.
Div. 631, 62 N. Y. Supp. 1 143, 164 N. Y. 93, 52 L. R. A.
803, 79 Am. St. Rep. 622, 58 N. E. 34, IV. 280.
ex rel. Fowler v. Bull, 46 N. Y. 57, 7 Am. Rep. 302, IV. 621.
742.
ex rel. Weintz v. Burch, 79 App. Div. 157, 80 N. Y. Supp. 274,
IV. 523, 740.
V. Burleigh, i N. Y. Crim. Rep. 522, IV. 48.
ex rel. Woodworth v. Burrows, 27 Barb. 89, IV. 269.
V. Cady, 143 N. Y. 100, 25 L. R. A. 399, 37 N. E. 673, IV. 183,
I9S-
ex rel. Dilzer v. Calder, 89 App. Div. 503, 85 N. Y. Supp. 1015,
IV. 119.
V. Canal Board, i Thomp. & C. 280, 55 N. Y. 390, IV. 145,
436, 534, 668.
«x rel. Sherrill v. Canal Board, 4 Lans. 272, IV. 667.
Table of Cases. 255
People V. Cannon, 63 Hun, 306, 139 N. Y. 32, 36 Am. St. Rep. 668,
34 N. E. 7S9. 139 N. Y. 645, 34 N. E. 1098, IV. 91, 231.
V. Carnal, 6 N. Y. 463, IV. 206.
ex rel. Waldron v. Carpenter, 46 Barb. 619, IV. 301.
ex rel. Lent v. Carr, 100 N. Y. 236, 53 Am. Rep. 161, 3 N. E.
82, IV. 598.
ex rel. Rosenkranz v. Carr, 86 N. Y. 512, IV. 617.
V. Carroll, 3 Park. Crim. Rep. 22, IV. 42.
ex rel. Lardner v. Carson, 155 N. Y. 491, 50 N. E. 292, IV.
184, 224.
ex rel. Troy Union R Co. v. Carter, 52 Hun, 458, 5 N. Y.
Supp. S07, aff'd 117 N. Y. 625, 22 N. E. 1128, IV. 312.
V. Casborus, 13 Johns. 351, IV. 75.
ex rel. Evans v. Chapin, loi N. Y. 682, IV. 440.
ex rel. Lee v. Chautauqua County, 43 N. Y. 10, IV. 381, 405.
ex rel. Scott v. Chenango, 8 N. Y. 317, IV. 13, 364, 376, 438,
444-
V. Cipperly, loi N. Y. 634, 4 N. E. 107, IV. 255, 282.
ex rel. Bassett v. City Prison, 6 App. Div. 520, IV. 94, 232.
ex rel. Nechamcus v. City Prison, 144 N. Y. 529, 27 L. R. A.
718, 39 N. E. 686, IV. 278, 382.
ex rel. Tyroler v. City Prison, IS7 N. Y. 116, 43 L. R A. 264,
68 Am. St. Rep. 763, 51 N. E. 1006, IV. 109, 287.
ex rel. Carroll v. Civil Service Board, 5 App. Div. 164, 39 N.
Y. Supp. 75, IV. 522.
ex rel. Eckler v. Clark, 23 Hun, 374, IV. 53.
v. Clarke, 9 N. Y. 349, IV. 179.
ex rel. Furman v. Clute, 50 N. Y. 451, 10 Am. Rep. 508, IV.
182.
ex rel. Savings Bank v. Coleman, 135 N. Y. 231, 31 N. E.
1022, IV. 314-
ex rel. Second Ave. R. Co. v. Coleman, 21 N. Y. S. R 178,
4 N. Y. Supp. 417, IV. 226, 398.
ex rel. Devery v. Coler, 173 N. Y. 103, 65 N. E. 9S6, IV. 27S,
402, 736.
ex rel. Rodgers v. Coler, 166 N. Y. i, 52 L. R A. 814, 82 Am.
St. Rep. 60s, 59 N. E. 716, IV. 32, 35. 106, 251, 695.
ex rel. Treat v. Coler, 166 N. Y. 144. 59 N. E. 776, IV. 21a
2S6 Constitutional History of New York.
People V. Colt, 3 Hill, 432, I. 205.
V. Columbia County, 10 Wend. 363, IV. 204, 246.
ex rel. Lyndes v. Comptroller, 20 Wend. 595, IV. 758.
ex rel. Hatfield v. Comstock, 78 N. Y. 356, IV. 206, 757, 763.
V. Connor, 142 N. Y. 130, 36 N. E. 807, IV. 74.
ex rel. Devlin v. Conover, 17 N. Y. 64, IV. 761.
ex rel. Belden v. Contracting Board, 27 N. Y. 378, IV. 667.
ex rel. Schurz v. Cook, no N. Y. 443, 18 N. E. 113, IV. 261.
V. Coombs, 158 N. Y. S32, S3 N. E. 527, IV. 29, 81.
ex rel. Duntz v. Coon, 67 Hun, 523, 22 N. Y. Supp. 865, IV.
226, '47$.
V. Coughtry, 58 Hun, 245, 12 N. Y. Supp. 259, IV. 533.
ex rel. Deuchler v. County Canvassers, 64 How. Pr. 334, IV.
181.
ex rel. Nichols v. County Canvassers, 129 N. Y. 39S, 14 L.
R. A. 624, 29 N. E. 327, IV. 182.
V. Courtney, 94 N. Y. 490, IV. 82.
ex rel. Forsyth v. Court of Sessions, 141 N. Y. 288, 23 L, R.
A. 856, 36 N. E. 386, IV. 218, 475, 730.
ex rel. Davies v. Cowles, 13 N. Y. 350, I. 254.
V. Cox, 67 App. Div. 344, 73 N. Y. Supp. 774, IV. 234.
ex rel. Percival v. Cram, 164 N. Y. 166, 58 N. E. 112, IV. 223,
517. 759.
ex rel. Hill v. Crissey, 45 Hun, 19, IV. 709.
ex rel. Lord v. Crooks, 53 N. Y. 648, IV. 742.
ex rel. Post v. Cross, 64 Hun, 348, 19 N. Y. Supp. 271, afFd
in 135 N. Y. 536, 31 Am. St. Rep. 850, 32 N. K 246, IV. 25.
ex rel. Public Charities & C. Comrs. v. Cullen, 153 N. Y. 629,
44 L. R. A. 420, 47 N. E. 894, IV. 549.
ex rel. Bowers v. Dalton, 23 Misc. 294, 50 N. Y. Supp. 1028,
31 App. Div. 630, 54 N. Y. Supp. 11 12, IV. 759.
ex rel. Underwood v. Daniell, 6 Lans. 44, 50 N. Y. 274, IV. 31,
44, 626, 766.
ex rel. Faulkner v. Dansville, 4 Thomp. & C, 87, I Hun, 593,
IV. 393-
V. Davis, 61 Barb. 456, IV. 381, 389.
V. Davis, 78 App. Div. 570, 79 N. Y. Supp. 747, IV. 415.
ex rel. Frank v. Davis, 80 App. Div. 448, IV. 38, 50.
Table of Cases. 257
People ex rel. Williams v. Dayton, 55 N. Y. 367, IV. 14, 18, 668.
ex rel. Woodhaven Gaslight Co. v. Deehan, 153 N. Y. 528, 47
N. E. 787, IV. 104, 326.
V. Delaware & H. Canal Co. 54 Hun, 598, 7 N. Y. Supp. 890,
aff'd in 121 N. Y. 666, 24 N. E. 1093, IV. 313.
ex rel. De Forest v. Denniston, 23 N. Y. 247, IV. 681.
V. Densmore, i Thomp. & C. 280, IV. 436, 668.
V. Denton, 2 Johns. Cas. 275, IV. 75.
V. Devlin, 33 N. Y. 269, 88 Am. Dec. 377, IV. 275, 330, 376,
499-
ex rel. Cutler v. Dibble, 16 N. Y. 203, aff'd in 21 How. 366,
16 L. ed. 149, IV. 48, 169, 172, 282.
V. Didien, 17 How. Pr. 224, IV. 71, 216.
ex rel. Kemp v. D'Oench, in N. Y. 359, 18 N. E. 862, IV.
277-
ex rel. Long Island v. Dohling, 6 App. Div. 86, 39 N. Y.
Supp. 76s, IV. 261. 264.
ex rel. Jourdan v. Donohue, 84 N. Y. 438, IV. 477.
V. Dooley, 69 App. Div. 512, aff'd in 171 N. Y. 74, 63 N. E.
81S, IV. 622, 7S7.
V. Dowling, 84 N. Y. 478, IV. 76.
V. Doxtater, 75 Hun, 472, 27 N. Y. Supp. 481, IV. 398.
ex rel. Wood v. Draper, 15 N. Y. 532, IV. 17, 202, 207, 252,
737, 745, 750-
v. Duane, 121 N. Y. 367, 24 N. E. 845, IV. 23.
ex rel. Grissler v. Dudley, 58 N. Y. 323, IV. 389.
ex rel. Lynch v. Duffy, 49 Hun, 276, 1 N. Y. Supp. 896, IV.
399, 42s, 628.
ex rel. Taylor v. Dunlap, 66 N. Y. 162, IV. 253, 393, 739, 749.
V. Dunn, 157 N. Y. 528, 43 L. R. A. 247, 52 N. E. 572, IV. 51,
96,423.
V. Durante, 19 App. Div. 292, 45 N. Y. Supp. 1073, IV, 47-
ex rel. Kemmler v. Durston, 119 N. Y. 569, 7 L. R. A. 715,
16 Am. St. Rep. 859, 24 N. E. 6. IV. 67, 207, 216.
ex rel. Travis v. Durston, 3 N. Y. Supp. 522, IV. 512.
ex rel. Comaford v. Dutcher, 83 N. Y. 240, IV. 49, 52, 633.
ex rel. Creegan v. Dutcher, 4 Thomp. & C, 391, 2 Hqn, 156,
IV. 624.
Vol. v. Const. Hist. — 17.
258 Constitutional History of New York.
People ex rel. Madden y. Dycker, 72 App. Div. 308, 76 N. Y. Supp.
Ill, IV. 279.
ex rel. Martin v. Earle, 47 How. Pr. 458, IV. 450.
ex rel. Dietz v. Easton, 13 Abb. Pr., N. S. 159, IV. 31, 291,
707.
V. Ebelt, 180 N. Y. 470. 73 N. E. 235, IV. 96, 423.
ex rel. Yale v. Eckler, 19 Hun, 6og, IV. 54.
ex rel. Wilbur v. Eddy, 57 Barb. S93. IV. 275, 33a
ex rel. Morris v. Edmonds, 15 Barb. 529, IV. 593.
V. Enoch, 13 Wend. 160, 27 Am. Dec 197, IV. 475.
V. Equitable Trust Co. 96 N. Y. 387, IV. 314.
ex rel. Howard v. Erie County, 42 App. Div. 510, 59 N. Y.
Supp. 476, 160 N. Y. 687, SS N. E. 1099, IV. 763. 788.
ex rel. Witherbee v. Essex County, 70 N. Y. 228, IV. 41, 87,
98, 301.
ex rel. Weeks v. Ewen, 17 How. Pr. 375, IV. 532, 766, 768.
V. Ewer, 141 N. Y. 129, 25 L. R. A. 794, 38 Am. St. Rep. 788,
36 N. E. A. IV. 37.
ex rel. Lawrence v. Fallon, 152 N. Y. 12, 37 L. R. A. 227, 57
Am. St. Rep. 492, 46 N. E. 296, IV. 147.
ex rel. Sturgis v. Fallon, 152 N. Y. I, 37 L. R. A. 419, 46 N.
E. 302, III. 52, IV. 147.
V. Fancher, 50 N. Y. 288, IV. 15, 543.
ex rel. Frost v. Fay, 3 Lans. 398, IV. 667.
V. Fields, 58 N. Y. 491, IV. 682.
V. Fire Asso. 92 N. Y. 311, 44 Am. Rep. 380, IV. 220, 225, 443.
ex rel. Smith v. Fisher, 24 Wend. 215, IV. 761.
V. Fishkill & B. PI. Road Co. 27 Barb. 445, IV. 259, 403.
ex rel. Follett v. Fitch, 145 N. Y. 261, 39 N. E. 972, IV. 593.
ex rel. N. Y. Inst, for Blind v. Fitch, 154 N. Y. 14, 38 L. R.
A. S9I, 47 N. E. 983, IV. 683, 700, 708.
ex rel. Purdy v. Fitch, 147 N. Y. 355, 41 N. E. 695, IV. 400.
ex rel. Kehoe v. Fitchie, 76 Hun, 80, 28 N. Y. Supp. 600, IV.
757-
V. Fitzgerald, g6 App. Div. 242, 89 N. Y. Supp. 268, 180 N. Y.
269, 73 N. E SS, IV. 762, 788.
V. Fitzpatrick, 30 Hun, 493, IV. 423.
Table of Cases. 259
People ex rel. McLean v. Flagg, 46 N. Y. 401, IV. 249, 252, 317, 442,
651.
V. Flanagan, 66 N. Y. 237, IV. 224, 299.
ex rel. Leroy v. Foley, 148 N. Y. 677, 43 N. E. 171, IV. 225,
743-
ex rel. Kenny v. Folks, 89 App. Div. 171, 85 N. Y. Supp. iioo,
IV. 293, 523.
V. Foot, 19 Johns. 58, I. 178.
ex rel. Taylor v. Forbes, 143 N. Y. 219, 38 N. E. 303, IV. 79.
ex rel. Krulish v. Fornes, 79 App. Div. 618, 80 N. Y. Supp.
38s, IV. 364.
ex rel. Hetfield v. Fort Edward, 70 N. Y. 28, IV. 686.
ex rel. Grissler v. Fowler, 55 N. Y. 67s, IV. 293, 549.
ex rel. Abrams v. Fox, 77 App. Div. 245, 79 N. Y. Supp. 56.
IV. 97, 107, 216.
V. Francisco, 76 App. Div. 262, 78 N. Y. Supp. 423, IV. 205,
324.
ex rel. McCarthy v. French, 10 Abb. N. C. 418, IV. 203.
ex rel. King v. Gallagher, 93 N. Y. 438, 45 Am. Rep. 232, IV.
32, 227, 291, 707.
ex rel. Masterson v. Gallup, 65 How. Pr. 108, IV. 452.
V. Gardner, 144 N. Y. 119, 28 L. R. A. 699, 43 Am. St. Rep.
741, 38 N. E. 1003, IV. 81.
ex rel. Davis v. Gardner, 45 N. Y. 812, I. 281, 289, 291, IV.
S98.
ex rel. Lewisohn v. General Sessions, 96 App. Div. 201, 89
N. Y. Supp. 364, aff'd 179 N. Y. 594 72 N. E. 1148, IV. 80.
ex rel. Renshaw v. Gillespie, 25 App. Div. 91, 48 N. Y. Supp.
882, IV. 91-
V. Gillson, 109 N. Y. 389, 4 Am. St. Rep. 465, 17 N. E. 343,
IV. 86, 109, 278, 286.
ex rel. Third Ave. R. Co. v. Gilroy, 9 N. Y. Supp. 833, IV.
432-
V. Girard, 145 N. Y. lOS, 45 Am. St. Rep. S9S. 39 N. E. 823,
IV. 100, 278.
ex rel. Hart v. Goodrich, 92 App. Div. 445, 87 N. Y. Supp.
114, IV. 543-
T. Goodwin, 18 Johns. 187, 9 Am. Dec. 203, IV. 75.
26o Constitutional History of New York.
People V. Granite State Provident Asso. i6i N. Y. 492, 55 N. E.
1053. IV. 293.
V. Green, 85 App. Div. 400, 83 N. Y. Supp. 460, IV. 254.
ex rel. Gallup v. Green, 2 Wend. 266, IV. 723.
ex rel. Acritelli v. Grout, 87 App. Div. 193, 84 N. Y. Supp. 97,
IV. 692.
ex rel. Cossey v. Grout, 179 N. Y. 417, 72 N. E. 464, IV. 32,
252.
ex rel. Richmond H. & L. Co. v. Grout, 79 App. Div. 61, 79
N. Y. Supp. 1027, IV. 699.
ex rel. Joyce v. Guden, 75 N. Y. Supp. 347, IV. 621.
ex rel. McShane v.- Hagen, 48 App. Div. 203, 62 N. Y. Supp.
816, aff'd in 164 N. Y. 570, 58 N. E. 1091, IV. 194.
ex rel. Wagner v. Hagen, 52 App. Div. 387, 65 N. Y. Supp.
120, aflf'd in 165 N. Y. 607, 58 N. E. 1091, IV. 287.
ex rel. Woodin v. Hagen, 36 Misc. 349, 73 N. Y. Supp. S&t,
IV. 289.
ex rel. Williams v. Haines, 49 N. Y. 587, IV. 117.
V. Hall, 169 N. Y. 184, 62 N. E. 170, IV. 538, 554-
ex rel. Hatzel v. Hall, 80 N. Y. 117, IV. 364.
ex rel. Graveline v. Ham, 59 App. Div. 314, 69 N. Y. Supp.
283, IV. 526.
ex rel. Campbell v. Hannati, 56 Hun, 469, 10 N. Y. Supp. 71,
aflf'd in 125 N. Y. 691, 26 N. E. 751, IV. 73.
ex rel. Lanphier v. Hatch, 19 111. 283, IV. 504.
ex rel. New York & H. R. Co. v. Havemeyer, 4 Thomp. & C
365, IV. 246, 268, 330, 391, 438, 441, 751-
ex rel. Eckerson v. Haverstraw, 151 N. Y. 75, 45 N. K 384,
IV. 138, 140.
V. Havnor, 149 N. Y. 195, 31 L. R. A. 689, 52 Am. St. Rep.
707, 43 N. E. 541, IV. 31, 67, 91, 226, 278.
V. Hawker, 152 N. Y. 234, 46 N. E. 607, IV. 22, 35, 233.
V. Hawkins, 157 N. Y. I, 42 L. R. A. 490, 68 Am. St. Rep.
736, SI N. E. 257, IV. 209, 286, 4S4.
ex rel. Baldwin v. Haws, 37 Barb. 440, IV. loi, 106.
ex rel. Mitchell v. Haws, 32 Barb. 207, IV. 596-
ex rel. Utley v. Hayden, 6 Hill, 359, IV. 115.
Table of Cases. 261
People V. Hayes, 140 N. Y. 484, 23 L. R. A. 830, 37 Am. St. Rep. 572,
35 N. E. 9SI, IV. 233.
ex rel. Stevens v. Hayt, 7 Hun, 39, 66 N. Y. 606, IV. 412.
V. Helmer, 154 N. Y. 596, 49 N. E. 249, IV. 550.
ex rel. Pulman v. Henion, 64 Hun, 471, 19 N. Y. Supp. 488, IV.
103, 134-
ex rel. Ray v. Henry, 47 App. Div. 133, 62 N. Y. Supp. 102,
IV. 7S9.
ex rel. Doty v. Henshaw, 61 Barb. 409, IV. 249.
V. Herrman, 149 N. Y. 190, 43 N. E. 546, IV. 539, 545-
ex rel. Failing v. Highway Comrs. 53 Barb. 70, IV. 131, 262,
328, 405-
ex rel. Purdy v. Highway Comrs. 54 N. Y. 276, 13 Am. Rep.
S8i, IV. 376, 438.
ex rel. Leo v. Hill. 126 N. Y. 497, 27 N. E. 789, IV. 768.
V. Hills, 64 App. Div. 584, 72 N. Y. Supp. 340, IV. 282.
ex rel. McConvill v. Hills, 35 N. Y. 449, IV. 380, 403.
▼. Hoch, 150 N. Y. 293, 44 N. E. 976, IV. 20, 545.
V. Hochstim, 76 App. Div. 25, 78 N. Y. Supp. 638, IV. 180.
ex rel. Hassell v. Hoffman, 60 How. Pr. 324, IV. 422.
ex rel. Smith v. Hoffman, 166 N. Y. 462, 54 L. R. A. 597, 60
N. E. 187, IV. 731, 770.
ex rel. Thornton v. Hogan, 14 Misc. 48, 35 N. Y. Supp. 226,
IV. 240, 633.
V. Home Ins. Co. 92 N. Y. 328, aff'd in 134 U. S. 594, 33 L.
ed. I02S, 10 Sup. Ct. Rep. 593, IV. 313, 314, 443.
ex rel. Bush v. Houghton, 102 App. Div. 209, 92 N. Y. Supp.
661, IV. 745-
ex rel. Burby v. Howland, 155 N. Y. 270, 41 L. R. A. 838, 49
N. E. 775, IV. 11, 619.
V. Hoym, 20 How. Pr.' 76, IV. 61, 308.
ex rel. Corkran v. Hyatt, 172 N. Y. 177. 60 L. R. A. 774, 92
Am. St. Rep. 706, 64 N. E. 825, aff'd in 188 U. S. 691, 47
L. ed. 657,, 23 Sup. Ct. Rep. 456, IV. 476, 730.
V. Imlay, 20 Barb. 68, IV. 30, 212, 291.
V. IngersoU, 58 N. Y. i, 17 Am. Rep. 178, IV. 682.
V. Iverson, 46 App. Div. 301, 61 N. Y. Supp. 220, IV. 53.
262 Constitutional History of New York.
People V. Jenkins, i Hill, 469, IV. 283.
ex rel. Howell v. Jessup, 160 N. Y. 256, 34 N. E. 682, IV. isa
V. Johnson, 104 N. Y. 213, 10 N. E. 6go, IV. 72.
V. Judson, II Daly I, IV. 145.
ex rel. Pumpyansky v. Keating, 62 App. Div. 348, 71 N. Y.
Supp. 97, IV. 254.
V. Keeler, 17 N. Y. 370, IV. 620, 762.
ex rel. McDonald v. Keeler, 99 N. Y. 463, 52 Am. Rep. 49, 2
N. E. 61S, IV. 73, 92, 242.
ex rel. McEwan v. Keeler, 29 Hun, 175, IV. 724.
ex rel. Sturges v. Keese, 27 Hun, 483, IV. 260.
ex rel. Hackley v. Kelly, 24 N. Y. 74, IV. 11, 79w
ex rel. Murphy v. Kelly, 76 N. Y. 475, IV. 691.
V. Kennedy, 2 Park. Cr. 312, IV. 42, 50.
ex rel. Angerstein v. Kenney, 96 N. Y. 294, IV. 184, 304.
ex rel. Stupp v. Kent, 83 App. Div. 554, 82 N. Y. Supp. 172,
IV. 401. 622.
V. Kerr, 27 N. Y. 188, IV. 128, 238.
▼. King, no N. Y. 418, I L. R. A. 293, 6 Am. St Rep. 389, 18
N. E. 24s, IV. 36, 276, 28s.
ex rel. Hobach v. Kings County, 13 Misc 587, 35 N. Y. Supp.
19, IV. 782.
ex rel. Hopkins v. Kings County, 52 N. Y. 556, IV. 442, 647,
651.
ex rel. Wayside Home v. Kings County, 12 Misc. 187, 33 N.
Y. Supp. 602, IV. 703.
ex rel. Penn. R. Co. v. Knight, 171 N. Y. 354, 98 Am. St. Rep.
610, 64 N. E. 152, aflf'd in 192 U. S. 21, 48 L. ed. 325, 24
Sup. Ct. Rep. 202, IV. 210, 315.
V. Krushaw, 31 How. Pr. 344, IV. 106.
V. Laesser, 79 App. Div. 384, 79 N. Y. Supp. 470, IV. 282.
ex rel. Holmes v. Lane, 53 App. Div. 531, 6s N. Y. Supp.
1004, IV. 402, 619.
ex rel. Met. Board of Health v. Lane, SS Barb. 168, IV. Sa
239-
«x rel. GrifBn v. Lathrop, 71 Hun, 202, 24 N. Y. Supp. 754,
aff'd in 142 N. Y. 113, 36 N. E. 805, III. 324, IV. 515.
Table of Cases. 263
People ex rel. Crowell v. Lawrence, 36 Barb. 177, aff'd in 41 N. Y.
137, IV. 17, 312, 38s, 751.
ex rel. Mitchell v. Lawrence, 54 Barb. 589, IV. 213.
V. Learned, 5 Hun, 626, IV. 92, 210, 412.
ex rel. Gass v. Lee, 28 Hun, 469, IV. 424.
ex rel. MacDonald v. Leubischer, 34 App. Div. 577, 54 N. Y.
Supp. 869, IV. 103.
V. Levy, 24 Misc. 469, 53 N. Y. Supp. 643, IV. 49.
V. Lichtman, 63 App. Div. 76, 72 N. Y. Supp. Si I, IV. 284.
ex rel. Tweed v. Liscomb. 60 N. Y. 559, 19 Am. Rep. 211, IV.
237.
V. Livingston, 6 Wend. 526, IV. 324.
ex rel. Dailey v. Livingston, 79 N. Y. 279, IV. 390.
V. Lochner, 177 N. Y. 145, 69 N. E. 373, reversed 198 U. S.
45, 49 L. ed. 937, 25 Sup. Ct. Rep. S39. IV. 283.
ex rel. Harvey v. Loew, 102 N. Y. 471, 7 N. E. 297, IV. 114,
426.
ex rel. Gage v. Lohnas, 54 Hun, 604, 8 N. Y. Supp. 104, IV. 419.
V. Long Island R. Co. 60 How. Pr. 395, IV. 91, 426, 428.
v. Long Island R. Co. 134 N. Y. 506, 31 N. E. 873, IV. 219, 553.
ex rel. Everson v. Lorillard, 135 N. Y. 285, 31 N. E loii, IV.
16, 411, 414.
V. Lowndes, 130 N. Y. 455, 29 N. E. 751, IV. 224.
ex rel. Sweet v. Lyman, 157 N. Y. 368, 52 N. E. 132, IV. 516,
S19, S2I.
V. Lyon, 27 Hun, 180, IV. 46, 230.
y. Lyons, 29 App. Div; 174, 51 N. Y. Supp. 811, IV. 233.
T. McCann, 16 N. Y. 58, 69 Am. Dec. 642, IV. 384.
V. McCarthy, 45 How. Pr. 97, IV. 47, 78.
V. McCoy, 45 How. Pr. 216, IV. 81.
ex rel. Kilmer v. McDonald, 69 N. Y. 362, IV. 751.
ex rel. Klein v. McDonald, 52 N. Y. Supp. 8g8, IV. 21, 196.
V. McGann, 34 Hun, 358, IV. 276, 277.
V. McGarren, 17 Wend. 460, IV. 60.
ex rel. Wakely v. Mclntyre, 154 N. Y. 628, 49 N. E. 70, IV.
219, 449.
▼. Mack, 35 App. Div. 114, 54 N. Y. Supp. 698, IV. 28.
T. McKane, 143 N. Y. 4SS, 38 N. E. 950, IV. 184.
264 Constitutional History of New York.
People ex rel. Williamson v. McKinney, 52 N. Y. 374, IV. 736, 742.
V. Mac Williams, 91 App. Div. 176, 86 N. Y. Supp. 357. IV. 228.
V. Main, 20 N. Y. 434, IV. 618.
ex rel. Lefkowitz v. Manhattan Hospital, 33 Misc. 414, 68 N.
Y. Supp. 647, IV. 304.
ex rel. Lawrence v. Mann, 97 N. Y. 530, 49 Am. Rep. 556, IV.
598.
V. Marx, 99 N. Y. 377, 52 Am. Rep. 34, 2 N. E. 29, IV. 36, 86,
109, 277, 278.
V. Matteson, 2 Cow. 433, note, IV. 59.
V. Maxwell, 83 Hun, 157, 31 N. Y. Supp. 564, IV. 216.
V. Meakim, 61 Hun, 327, 15 N. Y. Supp. 917, 133 N. Y. 214,
30 N. E. 828, IV. 78.
V. Merrill, 2 Park. Cr. Rep. SPO, IV. 216.
ex rel. McCune v. Met. Police Board, 19 N. Y. 188, IV. 746.
V. Meyer, 162 N. Y. 357, 56 N. E. 758, IV. 51.
V. Meyer, 89 App. Div. 185, 85 N. Y. Supp. 834, IV. 277.
V. Miller, 169 N. Y. 339, 88 Am. St. Rep. 546, 62 N. E. 418, IV.
SSO.
ex rel. Bank for Savings v. Miller, 84 App. Div. 168, 82 N.
Y. Supp. 621, IV. 227.
ex rel. Essex County v. Miller, 85 App. Div. 145, 83 N. Y.
Supp. S59, IV. 663.
ex rel. Albany & S. R. Co. v. Mitchell, 45 Barb. 208, 35 N. Y.
551, IV. 249, 270, 299.
ex rel. Lucey v. Molloy, 35 App. Div. 136, 54 N. Y. Supp. 1084,
aff'd 161 N. Y. 621, 55 N. E. 1099, IV. 319.
V. Molyneux, 40 N. Y. 113, IV. 768.
ex rel. Pond v. Monroe County, 135 N. Y. 473, 16 L. R. A. 836,
31 N. E. 921, IV. 346, 764.
ex rel. Canajoharie Nat. Bank v. Montgomery County, 67 N.
Y. 109, 23 Am. Rep. 94, IV. 273.
V. Morgan, 5 Daly, 161, aff'd in 58 N. Y. 679, IV. 394, 621.
ex rel. Akin v. Morgan, 65 Barb. 473, rev'd 55 N. Y. 587, IV.
387-
ex rel. Sudam v. Morgan, 45 App. Div. 19, 60 N. Y. Supp. SgS^
IV. 663.
V. Moring, 3 Keyes, 374, IV. 316.
table of Cases. 265
People V. Morrell, 21 Wend. 563, I. 216, IV. 14.
V. Morris, 13 Wend. 325, I. 215, IV. 329.
ex rel. Broderick v. Morton, 156 N. Y. 136, 41 L. R. A. 231,
66 Am. St. Rep. 547, 50 N. E. 791, IV. 730.
ex rel. Balcom v. Mosher, 163 N. Y. 32, 79 Am. St. Rep. 552,
57 N. E. 88, IV. S17, 522, 740.
ex rel. Dexter v. Mosier, 56 Hun, 64, 8 N. Y. Supp. 621, IV.
137-
V. Most, 71 App. Div. 160, 75 N. Y. Supp. 591, IV. 142.
ex rel. Einsfeld v. Murray, 149 N. Y. 367, 32 L. R. A. 344, 44
N. E. 146, IV. 18, 232, 281, 316, 439, 682, 777, 781.
ex rel. Gould v. Mutual Teleg. Co. 2 N. Y. Civ. Pro. 295, IV.
S08.
V. National Fire Ins. Co. 27 Hun, 188, IV. 443.
ex rel. Cook v. Wearing, 27 N. Y. 306, IV. 139.
V. New York, 32 Barb. 102, IV. 253.
ex rel. Attorney General v. New York, 25 Wend. 9, I. 205.
ex rel. Field v. New York, 89 Hun, 460, 35 N. Y. Supp. 817,
IV. 352-
ex rel. Kellner v. New York, 3 Misc. 131, 23 N. Y. Supp. 1060,
IV. 24s, 248, 251.
ex rel. Lynch v. New York, 25 Wend. 680, I. 215.
ex rel. Mutual L. Ins. Co. v. New York, 16 N. Y. 424, IV. 218.
ex rel. Van Heck v. New York Catholic Protectory, 3 How.
, Pr. N. S. 343, loi N. Y. 19S, IV. 33-
V. N. Y. C. R. Co. 24 N. Y. 48s, I. 262, IV. 10.
ex rel. Wetmore v. New York County, 2 Keyes, 288, IV. 13.
V. N. Y. Chic. & St. L. R. R. Co. 129 N. Y. 474, iS L. R. A.
82, 29 N. E. 959, IV. 211.
ex rel. Carroll v. New York Civil Service Board, 5 App. Div.
164, 39 N. Y. Supp. 75, IV. 522.
ex rel. Splain v. N. Y. Juvenile Asylum, 2 Thomp. & C. 475,
affd 59 N. Y. 629, IV. 280.
V. New York, N. H. & H. R. Co. 55 Hun, 409, 8 N. Y. Supp.
672, aff'd 123 N. Y. 63s, 25 N. E. 953, IV. 287.
ex rel. B'd of Charities v. N. Y. Soc. Prevention Cruelty to
Children, 161 N. Y. 233. SS N. E. 1063, IV. 701.
266 Constitutional History of New York.
People ex rel. B'd of Charities v. N. Y. S. P. C. C. 162 N. Y. 429, S6
N. E. 1004, IV. 702.
V. New York & S. I. Ferry Co. 68 N. Y. 71. IV. 256.
V. Niagara Fruit Co. 75 App. Div. 11, 77 N. Y. Supp. 80S, IV.
278.
ex rel. New York v. Nichols, 79 N. Y. 582, IV. 73, 526.
ex rel. Washington v. Nichols, 52 N. Y. 478, 11 Am. Rep. 734,
IV. SS3.
V. Noelke, 94 N. Y. 137, 40 Am. Rep. 128, IV. 145, 209, 266.
ex rel. Conliss v. North, 72 N. Y. 124, IV. 224.
ex rel. Clark v. Norton, S9 Barb. 169, I. 291, IV. 11, 614.
V. O'Brien, 38 N. Y. 193, IV. 380, 404.
V. O'Brien, in N. Y. i, 2 L. R. A. 255, 7 Am. St. Rep. 684,
18 N. E. 692, IV. 102, 214, 261, 432, 671.
ex rel. Lewisohn v. O'Brien, 176 N. Y. 253, 68 N. E. 353, IV.
79-
V. Olcott, 2 Johns. Cas. 301, I Am. Dec. 168, IV. 75.
ex rel. Kene v. Olcott, 11 Hun, 610, IV. 452.
ex rel. Oneida County v. Oneida County, 170 N. Y. 105, 62 N.
E. 1092, IV. 449, 738.
V. O'Neil, 109 N. Y. 251, 16 N. E. 68, IV. 397-
ex rel. Brown v. Onondaga County, 3 How. Pr. N. S. i, 4 N.
Y. Crim. Rep. 102, afif'd in 102 N. Y. 691, IV. 692.
ex rel. Burrows v. Orange County, 17 N. Y. 235, IV. 442.
V. Orange County Road Constr. Co. 175 N. Y. 84, 65 L. R. A.
33, 67 N. E. 129, IV. 227, 283.
ex rel. N. Y. Inebriate Asylum v. Osbom, 57 Barb. 663, IV.
300.
ex rel. Man. Sav. Inst. v. Otis, 90 N. Y. 48, IV. 268.
ex rel. Failing v. Palatine, 53 Barb. 70, IV. 131, 262, 328, 405.
ex rel. Bishop v. Palen, 74 Hun, 289, 26 N. Y. Supp. 225,
IV. 790.
V. Palmer, 43 Hun, 397, IV. 74.
V. Palmer, 109 N. Y. 413, 4 Am. St Rep. 477, 17 N. E. 213, IV.
76, 294.
ex rel. Crummey v. Palmer, 152 N. Y. 217, 46 N. E. 328; IV.
sia
Table of Cases. 267
People ex rel. Eldred v. Palmer, 154 N. Y. 133, 47 N. E. 1084, IV.
723, 743. 787-
ex rel. Kingsland v. Palmer, 52 N. Y. 83, IV. 730.
ex rel. Weed-Parsons Co. v. Palmer, 18 Misc. 103, 41 N. Y.
Supp. 878, IV. 270.
ex rel. Faxton v. Parker, 6 Hill, 49, IV. 723, 730.
ex rel. Bums v. Partridge, 38 Misc. 697, 78 N. Y. Supp. 24ft
IV. 737.
ex rel. Lahey v. Partridge, 74 App. Div. 291, 77 N. Y. Supp.
691, IV. 737.
ex rel. McLaughlin v. Partridge, 13 Abb. N. C. 410, IV. 396,
413.
V. Pease, 3 Johns. Cas. 333, 27 Am. Dec. 104, IV. 474, 730.
ex rel. Smith v. Pease, 27 N. Y. 45, 84 Am. Dec. 242, IV. 182.
ex rel. Miller v. Peck, 73 App. Div. 89, 76 N. Y. Supp. 328,
IV. 276.
V. Penhollow, 42 Hun, 103, IV. 22, 30.
V. Petrea, 92 N. Y. 128, IV. 72, 96, 423, 441.
ex rel. Stephens v. Phillips, 88 App. Div. 560, 85 N. Y. Supp.
200, IV. 687.
r. Pierson, 176 N. Y. 201, 63 L. R. A. 187, 98 Am. St. Rep.
666, 68 N. E. 243, IV. 64, 280.
V. Pinckney, 32 N. Y. 377, IV. 746.
ex rel. Draper v. Pinkerton, 77 N. Y. 245, IV. 25, 477.
ex rel. Scott v. Pitt, 64 App. Div. 316, 72 N. Y. Supp. 191,
aff'd in 169 N. Y. 521, 58 L. R. A. 372, 62 N. E. 662, IV.
99.
V. Piatt, 17 Johns. 195, IV. 269.
v. Piatt, 117 N. Y. 159, 22 N. E. 937, IV. 183.
ex rel. Turner v. Plimley, 8 App. Div. 323, 41 N. Y. Supp. 365,
aff'd in 150 N. Y. 571, 44 N. R 1128, IV. 241.
ex rel. Fallon v. Police Comrs. 31 Hun, 210, IV. 73.
ex rel. Flanagan v. Police Comrs. 93 N. Y. 97, IV. 73.
ex rel. Presmeyer v. Police & Excise Coihrs. 59 N. Y. 92, IV.
47. 232-
ex rel. Townsend v. Porter, 90 N. Y. 68, IV. 252, 628, 748.
T. Potter, I Park. Cr. 47, IV. 473, 730.
T. Potter. I Edm. Sel. Cas. 235, IV. 532.
268 Constitutional History of New York.
People ex rel. Jackson V. Potter, 47 N. Y. 375, IV. IS, 17, S43-
ex rel. Oak Hill Cem. Ass'n v. Pratt, 129 N. Y. 68, 29 N. E. 7,
IV. 774.
V. Price, 53 Hun, 185, 6 N. Y. Supp. 833, aflf'd 119 N. Y. 650,
23 N. E. 1 149, IV. 217.
V. Purdy, 2 Hill, 31, I. 215.
V. Putnam, 3 Park. Ct. 386, IV. 48.
V. Quant, 12 How. Pr. 83, IV. 46, 72, 81, 104, 232.
ex rel. Benner v. Queens, 39 Hun, 442, IV. 794.
ex rel. Cisco v. Queens, 161 N. Y. 598, 48 L. R. A. 113, 56 N.
E. 81, IV. 227.
ex rel. Keene v. Queens, 142 N. Y. 271, 36 N. E. 1062, IV. 430.
ex rel. Morrill v. Queens, 112 N. Y. 585, 20 N. E. 549, IV. 419,
449-
ex rel. Weeks v. Queens, 18 Hun, 4, IV. 252,
V. Quigg, 59 N. Y. 83, IV. 21, SI, 98, 386.
V. Quinn, 139 N. Y. 32, 36 Am. St. Rep. 668, 34 N. E. 759, IV.
231.
ex rel. Lovett, v. Randall, 151 N. Y. 497, 45 N. E. 841, IV. 737.
V. Rathbone, 145 N. Y. 434, 28 L. R. A. 384, 40 N. E. 395, IV.
", 14. 793-
ex rel. Stetzer v. Rawson, 61 Barb. 619, IV. 49, 633.
V. Raymond, 37 N. Y. 428, IV. 753.
V. Raymond, 96 N. Y. 38, IV. 233.
V. Reagle, 60 Barb. 527, IV. 75.
V. Rensselaer & S. R. Co. 15 Wend 113, 30 Am. Dec 33, IV. 12,
208, 256.
ex rel. Carter v. Rice, 135 N. Y. 473, 16 L. R. A. 836, 31 N.
E. 921, III. 198, 203, 210, 218, IV. 12, 345, 346, 469.
ex rel. Burgess v. Riseley, 13 Abb. N. C. 186, 66 How. Pr. 67,
IV. 74.
ex rel. Cline v. Robb, 126 N. Y. 180, 27 N. E. 267, IV. 331,
S16, 760.
ex rel. Klipstein v. Roberts, 36 App. Div. S97i 55 N. Y. Supp.
950, aff'd in 167 N. Y. 617, 60 N. E.'iii7, IV. 314.
ex rel. McClelland v. Roberts, 91 Hun, loi, 34 N. Y. Supp.
641, 36 N. Y. Supp. 677, 148 N. Y. 360, 31 L. R. A. 399,
42 N. K 1082, III. 331, IV. 14, 20, 177, SIX, 516.
Table of Cases. 269
People ex rel. Parke, Davis & Co. v. Roberts, 91 Hun, 158, 36 N. Y.
Supp. 368, aff'd 149 N. Y. 608, 44 N. E. 1127, IV. 292, 314.
ex rel. Hayden v. Rochester, 50 N. Y. 525, IV. 390.
ex rel. White v. Rochester, 11 Hun, 241, IV. 621, 627.
ex rel. White v. Rochester, 5 N. Y. Wkly. Dig. 70, I. 280.
ex rel. Cunningham v. Roper, 35 N. Y. 629, IV. 264, 311, 327.
V. Rosenberg, 67 Hun, 52, 22 N. Y. Supp. 56, 138 N. Y. 410,
34 N. E. 28s, IV. 98, 226, 284.
V. Rouse, 39 N. Y. S. R. 656, 15 N. Y. Supp. 414, IV. 53, 295,
533-
V. Ruggles, 8 Johns. 290, S Am. Dec. 33s, IV. 55, 61.
V. Ruloff, S Park. Crim. 77, (rev'd 18 N. Y. 179), IV. 77.
V. Rutherford, 47 App. Div. 209, 62 N. Y. Supp. 224, IV. 31,
293.
ex rel. Griffin v. Ryder, 65 Hun, 173, 19 N. Y. Supp. 977, IV.
109, 297.
ex rel. Miller v. Ryder, 124 N. Y. 500, 26 N. E. 1040, IV. 109,
229, 297, 301.
ex rel. Willis v. Sage, 11 App. Div. 4, 42 N. Y. Supp. 251, IV.
77-
ex rel. Clifford v. Scannell, 74 App. Div. 406, 77 N. Y. Supp.
704, IV. 32.
ex rel. Ward v. Scheu, 60 App. Div. 592, aff'd in 167 N. Y. 292,
60 N. E. 650, IV. 761, 788.
ex rel. Smith v. Schiellein, 95 N. Y. 124, IV. 621, 74s.
ex rel. Cisco v. School Board, 161 N. Y. 598, 48 L. R. A. 113,
56 N. E. 81, IV. 708.
v. Schoonmaker, 50 N. Y. 499, IV. S49-
ex rel. Lockwood v. Schrugham, 12 How. Pr. 125, IV. 769.
ex rel. Lockwood v. Scrugham, 25 Barb. 217, IV. 768.
V. Sebring, 14 Misc. 31. 35 N. Y. Supp. 237, IV. 82.
ex rel. Van Norder v. Sewer, Water, & Street Comrs. (Sara-
toga Springs), 90 App. Div. SSS. 86 N. Y. Supp. 44S, IV.
96. 239-
T. Sharp, 107 N. Y. 429. i Am. St Rep. 851, 14 N. E. 319. IV.
79. 791-
ex rel. Sinnott v. Shea, 7 Hun, 303, IV. 627.
ex rel. McMuUen v. Shepard, 36 N. Y. 285, IV. 252, 747.
270 Constitutional History of New York.
People V. Sherlock, 166 N. Y. 180, 59 N. E. 830, IV. 143-
V. Sickles, 156 N. Y. 541, 51 N. E. 288, IV. 88, 92.
ex rel. Dixon v. Sitnonson, 64 App. Div. 312, 72 N. Y. Supp.
84, IV. 523.
ex rel. Clark v. Sing Sing Prison, 39 Misc. 113, 78 N. Y. Supp.
907, IV. 20, 216, 475.
ex rel. Seward v. Sing Sing, 54 App. Div. SSS, 66 N. Y. Supp.
1094, IV. 7S9.
ex rel. Herrick v. Smith, 21 N. Y. 595, IV. 45, 126, 131.
V. Sncdeker, 160 N. Y. 350, 54 N. E. 659, IV. 232.
ex rel. Ziegler v. Special Sessions, 10 Hun, 224, IV. 81.
ex rel. Cox v. Special Sessions Justices, 7 Hun, 214, IV. 222,
252.
ex rel. Murray v. Special Sessions Justices, 7*4 N. Y. 406, IV.
52.
V. Sperry, 50 Barb. 170, IV. 285.
ex rel. New York Electric Lines Co. v. Squires, 107 N. Y. 593,
I Am. St. Rep. 893, 14 N. E. 820, aflf'd 145 U. S. 175, IV.
268, 288, 304, 413.
ex rel. Ordway v. St. Savior's Sanitarium, 34 App. Div. 363,
56 N. Y. Supp. 431, IV. loi, 281.
ex rel. Sherwood v. State Canvassers, 129 N. Y. 360, 14 L. R.
A. 646, 29 N. E. 34S, IV. 361.
ex rel. Brooklyn City R. Co. v. State Tax Comrs. 199 U. S.
48, affg 174 N. Y. 417, IV. 99.
V. Stedeker, 75 App. Div. 449, 78 N. Y. Supp. 316, IV. 31, 67,
227, 429.
V. Stein, 80 App. Div. 357, 80 N. Y. Supp. 847, IV. 50.
V. Stephens, 13 Hun, 17, IV. 665.
ex rel. Bradley v. Stevens, 51 How. Pr. 103, IV. 404, 749.
ex rel. Grout v. Stillings, 76 App. Div. 143, 78 N. Y. Supp.
942, IV. 24s, 251.
ex rel. McSpedon v. Stout, 23 Barb. 349, IV. 220, 377.
ex rel. Hamilton v. Stratton, 79 App. Div. 149, 80 N. Y. Supp.
269, IV. 523-
ex rel. Mitchell v. Sturges, 27 App. Div. 387, 50 N. Y. Supp.
5, 156 N. Y. 580, SI N. E. 29s, IV. 34, 753, 760. 765.
Table of Cases. 271
People ex rel. Brockport v. Sutphin^i66 N. Y. 163, 59 N. E. 7i'o, IV.
392.
ex rel. Drake v. Sjrracuse, 26 Misc. 522, 57 N. Y. Supp. 617,
IV. S22.
ex rel. Stephens v. Tallman, 36 Barb. 222, IV. 137.
ex rel. Metropolitan Street R. Co. v. Tax Comrs. 174 N. Y.
417, 63 L. R. A. 884, 67 N. E. 69, aff'd 199 U. S. i, 50 L.
ed. 2, 25 Sup. Ct. Rep. 705, IV. 264, 315, 734, 755.
ex rel. Bank of Commerce v. Tax Comrs. 2 Black, 620, 17 L.
ed. 451, IV. 323.
ex rel. American Bible Soc. v. Tax & A. Comrs. 142 N. Y.
348, 37 N. K 116, IV. 321.
ex rel. Sinkler v. Terry, 108 N. Y. i, 14 N. E. 815, IV. 626.
▼. Thompson, 18 N. Y. Wkly. Dig. 145, IV. 281.
V. Thorn, 156 N. Y. 286, 42 L. R. A. 368, 50 N. E. 947, IV. 74.
ex rel. Israel v. Tibbets, 4 Cow. 384, IV. 302.
ex rel. Shand v. Tighe, 9 Misc. 607, 30 N. Y. Supp. 368, IV.
100.
V. Timmerman, 79 App. Div. 565, 80 N. Y. Supp. 285, IV. 223.
ex rel. Sears v. Tobey, 153 N. Y. 381, 47 N. E. 800, IV. 519,
523-
ex rel. Weller v. Townsend, 102 N. Y. 430, 7 N. E. 360, IV.
617, 763.
ex rel. Mathews v. Toynbee, 20 Barb. 168, aflE'd in 13 N. Y.
378, IV. 10, 18, 37.
ex rel. Clark v. Treacy, 46 App. Div. 216, 61 N. Y. Supp. 288,
IV. 22s.
V. Trinity Church, 22 N. Y. 44, IV. 147, 177.
v. Turner, 117 N. Y. 227, 15 Am. St. Rep. 498, 22 N. E. 1022,
IV. 230.
T. Tweed, 13 Abb. Pr. N. S. 148, IV. 68.
V. Tweed, 63 N. Y. 202, IV. 252.
V. Ulster County, 36 Hun, 491, IV. 99, 396, 443.
ex rel. Dubois v. Ulster County, 3 Barb. 332, IV. 136.
ex rel. Pells v. Ulster County, 65 N. Y. 300, IV. 204.
V. Ulster & Delaware R. R. Co. 128 N. Y. 240, 28 N. E. 63s.
IV. 213.
272 Constitutional History of New York.
People ex rel. Garling v. Van Allen, 55 N. Y. 31, I. 214, IV. 15, 31,
73-
ex rel. Liebennan v. VandeCarr, 175 N. Y. 440, 67 N. E. 913,
IV. 35.
ex rel. McPike v. Van De Carr, 91 App. Div. 20, 86 N. Y.
Supp. 644, affd in 178 N. Y. 425, 7° N. E. 965, IV. 86,
123, 227, 281.
ex rel. Weaver v. Van De Carr, 150 N. Y. 439, 44 N. E. 1040,
IV. 147. 41 S.
ex rel. Simpson v. Van Home, 18 Wend. 515, IV. 762.
V. Van Houten, 13 Misc. 603, 35 N. Y. Supp. 186, IV. 53.
V. Van Rensselaer, 9 N. Y. 291, II. 26.
V. Wadhams, 176 N. Y. 9, 68 N. E 65, IV. 793-
ex rel. Goring v. Wappinger's Falls, 83 Hun, 130, 31 N. Y.
Supp. 758, aff'd 144 N. Y. 616, 39 N. E. 641, IV. 183, 757.
V. Warren, 77 Hun, 120, 28 N. Y. Supp. 303, IV. 37.
V. Warren, 13 Misc. 615, 34 N. Y. Supp. 942, IV. 37.
ex rel. Ryan v. Washington County, 155 N. Y. 295, 49 N. E
779, IV. 619.
ex rel. Decker v. Waters, 4 Misc. i, 23 N. Y. Supp. 691, IV.
242, 527, SS3-
ex rel. Hill v. Wayne County, 49 Hun, 476, 2 N. Y. Supp. 555,
IV. 526.
ex rel. Staudacher v. Webb, 7 N. Y. Wkly. Dig. 488, IV. 93.
ex rel. Thompson v. Webster, 8 Misc. 133, 28 N. Y. Supp. 646,
IV. 390.
V. Welch, 74 Hun, 474, 26 N. Y. Supp. 694, 141 N. Y. 266, 24
L. R. A. 117, 38 Am. St. Rep. 793, 36 N. E. 328, IV. 27, 74;
ex rel. Simpson v. Wells, 99 App. Div. 364, 91 N. Y. Supp. 219,
181 N. Y. 252, IV. 13, 206.
V. Welsh, 88 App. Div. 65, 84 N. Y. Supp. 703, IV. 293.
ex rel. Bockes v. Wemple, 115 N. Y. 302, 22 N. E. 272, IV.
592.
ex rel. Gilbert v. Wemple, 125 N. Y. 485, 26 N. E. 921, IV. 16,
598.
ex rel. Penn. R. Co. v. Wemple, 138 N. Y. i, 19 L. IL A 694,
33 N. E 720, IV. 314. 31S. 316.
Table of Cases. 273
People ex rel. Southern Cotton Oil Co. v. Wemple, 131 N. Y. 64,
27 Am. St. Rep. 542, 29 N. E. 1002, IV. 212.
ex rel. Howard v. Wende, 25 Misc. 330, 53 N. Y. Supp. 1039,
IV. 763, 788.
V. West, 106 N. Y. 293, 60 Am. Rep. 452, 12 N. E. 610, IV. 286.
ex rel. Clancy v. Westchester County, 139 N.,Y. 524, 34 N. E.
1 106, IV. 196, 422.
ex rel. Fountain v. Westchester County, 4 Barb. 64, IV. 326.
ex rel. Henderson v. Westchester County, 147 N. Y. I, 30 L.
R. A. 74, 41 N. E. 563, II. 490, 703, IV. 17, 352, 3S5, 53i-
V. Wheeler, 79 App. Div. 396, 79 N. Y. Supp. 454, IV. 77.
ex rel. Gere v. Whitlock, 92 N. Y. 191, IV. 275, 396.
ex rel. Saloom v. Whitney, 32 App. Div. 144, 52 N. Y. Supp.
69s, IV. 628.
V. Wilber, 39 N. Y. S. R. 743, 15 N. Y. Supp. 435, IV. 400.
V. Willis, 23 Misc. 568, 52 N. Y. Supp. 808, aff'd in 32 App.
Div. 626, 53 N. Y. Supp. nil, IV. 83.
ex rel. Little v. Willsea, 60 N. Y. 507, IV. 391.
ex rel. Frost v. Wilson, 62 N. Y. 186, rev'g 3 Hun, 437, IV.
196.
ex rel. Richmond v. Wilson, 21 N. Y. S. R. 120, 3 N. Y. Supp.
326, aflf'd 121 N. Y. 684, 24 N. E. 1098, IV. 324, 399.
▼. Windholz, 92 App. Div. 569, 86 N. Y. Supp. 1015, IV. 112.
ex rel. Price v. Woodbury, 38 Misc. 189, 77 N. Y. Supp. 241,
IV. 34 331-
ex rel. White v. York, 35 App. Div. 300, 55 N. Y. Supp. 10,
158 N. Y. 670, 52 N. E. I12S, IV. 737.
v. Young, 18 App. Div. 162, 45 N. Y. Supp. 772, IV. 241, S39-
V. Youngs, 151 N. Y. 210, 43 N. E. 460, IV. 537.
ex rel. Appel v. Zimmerman, 102 App. Div. 103, 92 N. Y. Supp.
497, IV. 279.
Pen v. New York C. & H. R. R. Co. 152 N. Y. 521, 46 N. E. 849,
IV. 550.
Perkins v. Heert, 158 K. Y. 306, 43 L. R. A. 858, 70 Am. St. Rep.
483, S3 N. E. 18, IV. 429.
Perrine v. Striker, 7 Paige, 598, IV. 79-
Perry v. Haines, 191 U. S. 20, 48 L. ed. 73, 24 Sup. Ct Rep. 8, IL
610, IV. 527.
Vol. v. Const. Hist. — 18.
274 Constitutional History of New York.
Persons v. Gardner, 42 App. Div. 490, 56 N. Y. Supp. 822, 59 N. Y.
Supp. 463, IV. 301, 680.
Petterson v. Welles, i App. Div. 8, 36 N. Y. Supp. 1009, IV. 633,
787.
Phelps V. Racey, 60 N. Y. 10, 19 Am. Rep. 140, IV. 95, 208.
Philadelphia v. Postal Tel. Cable Co. 67 Hun, 21, 21 N. Y. Supp. 556,
IV. 209, 226.
Philips V. Germania Bank, 107 N. Y. 630, 13 N. R 923, IV. 542.
Phillips V. Gorham, 17 N. Y. 270, IV.. 525.
Phillips V. New York, i Hilt. 483, IV. 382.
Phillips V. Schumacher, 10 Hun, 405, IV. 390.
Phoenix v. Columbia College, 87 App. Div. 438, 84 N. Y. Supp. 897,
IV. 178.
Phyfe V. Eimer, 45 N. Y. 102, IV. 21.
Pierce v. Delamater, I N. Y. 17, I. 249, IV. 541.
Pierson v. Fries, 3 App. Div. 418, 38 N. Y. Supp. 765, IV. 240, 625.
Pistor v. Hatfield, 46 N. Y. 249, IV. 541.
Plato V. People, 3 Park. Cr. 586, IV. S3-
Plimpton V. Bigelow, 93 N. Y. 592, IV. 27.
Plummer, Re, 47 App. Div. 625, 62 N. Y. Supp. 1145, aflfd in 161 N.
Y. 631, 57 N. E. 1122, aflf'd 178 U. S. 115, 44 L. ed. 998,
20 Sup. Ct. Rep. 829, IV. 323.
Plummer v. Coler, 178 U. S. 115, 44 L. ed. 998, 20 Sup. Ct. Rep. 829,
aflf'g 161 N. Y. 631, 57 N. E. 1 122, 47 App. Div. 625, 62 N.
Y. Supp. 114s, IV. 323.
Pocantico Water Works Co. v. Bird, 130 N. Y. 249, 26 N. E. 246, IV.
134-
Pofinger v. Yutte, 102 N. Y. 38, 6 N. E. 259, I. 280, 288.
Polinsky v. People, 73 N. Y. 65, IV. 254.
Polly v. Saratoga & W. R. Co. 9 Barb. 449, IV. 114.
Pond v. Met. El. R. Co. 112 N. Y. 186, 8 Am. Sl Rep. 734, 19 N. E
487. IV. 119.
Pope v. Man. R. Co. 79 App. Div. 583, 80 N. Y. Supp. 316, IV. 46.
Pope v. Terre Haute Manf. Co. 87 N. Y. 137, IV. 212, 303.
Port Chester St. R. Co., Re, 43 App. Div. 536, 60 N. Y. Supp. 160,
IV. 433.
Porter v. International Bridge Co. 79 App. Div. 358, 79 N. Y. Supp.
434, 17s N. Y. 467, 67 N. E. 1089, IV. 46.
Table of Cases. 275
Potter Case (Assembly), SS Barb. 625, IV. 607.
Potter V. Collis, 19 App. Div. 392, 46 N. Y. Supp. 471, aff'd in 156
N. Y. 16, so N. E. 413, IV. 394-
Powers V. Bergen, 6 N. Y. 358, IV. 296.
Powers V. Shepard, 48 N. Y. 540, IV. 29, 203, 645, 655.
Powers V. Shepard, 45 Barb. 524, IV. 203, 645.
Pratt Institute v. New York, 99 App. Div. 525, 91 N. Y. Supp. 136,
IV. 27, 262, 674.
Prentice v. Weston, 47 Hun, 121, iii N. Y. 460, 18 N. E. 720, IV. 67,
99, 398.
Presbyterian Society v. Auburn & R. R. Co. 3 Hill, 567, IV. 119.
Presser v. Illinois, 116 U. S. 252, 29 L. ed. 615, 6 Sup. Ct Rep. 580,
IV. 293.
Prindle Case (Senate), IV. 583.
Prospect Park & C. I. R. Co., Re, 6; N. Y. 372, IV. 131, 393, 673-
Prospect Park & Coney Island R. Co., Re, 85 N. Y. 489, IV. 97, 526.
Prospect Park & C. I. R. Co. v. Williamson, 91 N. Y. 552, IV. 129.
Protestant Epis. School, Re, 58 Barb. 161, 47 N. Y. 556, IV. 204, 325.
Public Works, Re, 86 N. Y. 437, IV. 394-
Pullman v. New York, 54 Barb. 169, IV. 404.
Pumpelly v. Owego, 45 How. Pr. 219, IV. 318, 444.
Purdy V. Erie R. Co. 162 N. Y. 42, 48 L. R. A. 669, 56 N. E. 508,
IV. 209.
Purdy V. People, 4 Hill, 384, I- 21S, IV. 17, 376.
Pye, Re, 21 App. Div. 266, 47 N. Y. Supp. 689, IV. 531, 537.
Quackenbush, Ex parte, 2 Hill, 369, I. 223.
Queens (>)unty v. Petry, 54 App. Div. 115, 66 N. Y. Supp. 1142, 66
N. Y. Supp. 447, IV. 450.
Quinn V. New York, 63 Barb. 596, aff'd in S3 N. Y. 627, IV. 773.
R
Radcliff V. Brooklyn, 4 N. Y. 19S, S3 Am. Dec. 357, IV. 113.
276 Constitutional History of New York.
Railroad Comrs., Re, 11 Misc. 103, 32 N. Y. Supp. iiis, IV. 793.
Ramsden, Re, 13 How. Pr. 429, I. 188, IV. 28.
Rapid Transit Comrs., Re, 65 Hun, 63, 19 N. Y. Supp. 561, IV. 97.
Rapid Transit Comrs., Re, S App. Div. 290, 39 N. Y. Supp. 750, IV.
690.
Rapid Transit R. Co., Re, 147 N. Y. 260, 41 N. E. S7S. IV. 433.
Rathbone v. Wirth, 6 App. Div. 277, 40 N. Y. Supp. 535, IV. 206.
Rathbone v. Wirth, 150 N. Y. 459, 34 L. R. A. 408, 45 N. E. 13, IV.
740-
Rathbun v. Sawyer, 15 Wend. 451, I. 214, IV. 72, 767.
Ratzky v. People, 29 N. Y. 124, IV. 75.
Real V. People, 42 N. Y. 270, I. 251, 281, IV. 11, S4i, 656.
Reciprocity Bank, Re, 22 N. Y. 9, IV. 260, 679.
Reddish, Re, 45 App. Div. 37, 60 N. Y. Supp. iiii, IV. 449.
Reed v. McCord, 160 N. Y. 330, 54 N. E. 737, IV. 550.
Reed v. Schmit, 39 Hun, 223, IV. 397, 421.
Reformed Protestant Dutch Church v. Mott, 7 Paige, 77, IV. 214.
Reilly v. Gray, 77 Hun, 402, 28 N. Y. Supp. 811, IV. 19, 146, 382, 428.
Reining v. Buffalo, 102 N. Y. 308, 6 N. E. 792, IV. 294.
Reining v. New York, L. & W. R. Co. 128 N. Y. 157, 14 L. R. A.
133, 28 N. E. 640, IV. 119.
Reisert v. New York, 69 App. Div. 302, 74, N. Y. Supp. 673, IV. 124.
Rex v. Woolston, 2 Strange, 834, Fitzg. 64, IV. SS.
Rex V. Wright, 8 Term R. 298, IV. 143.
Rexford v. Knight, 11 N. Y. 308, IV. 113, 243.
Rexford v. State, 103 N. Y. 229, 11 N. E. 314, IV. 661.
Richards v. North West Protestant Dutch Church, 32 Barb. 42, IV.
211.
Richards v. Richards, 76 N. Y. 186, IV. 406.
Richmond County Soc. for Prev. C. C. v. New York, 73 App. Diy.
607, 77 N. Y. Supp. 41, IV. 703.
Richter v. Poppenhausen, 42 N. Y. 373, I. 231, 281.
Ricketts v. New York, 12 Daly, 304, IV.. 424.
Ricketts v. New York, 67 How. Pr. 320, IV. 330.
Rider v. Mount Vernon, 87 Hun, 27, 33 N. Y. Supp. 743, IV. 243,
230.
Rieser v. Parker, 27 Misc. 203, 37 N. Y. Supp. 743, IV. 613, 629,
630.
Table of Cases. 277
Riglander v. Star Co. gS App. Div. 101, 90 N. Y. Supp. 772, IV. no,
296, 533-
Rigney v. Rigney, 127 N. Y. 408, 24 Am. St. Rep. 462, 28 N. E. 405,
IV. 296.
Robert v. Kings County, 3 App. Div. 367, 38 N. Y. Supp. 521, aflf'd in
158 N. Y. 673, S2 N. E. 1 126, IV. 380, 4S0.
Robert v. Sadler, 104 N. Y. 229, 58 Am. Rep. 498, 10 N. E. 428, IV.
122.
Roberts, Re, 17 Hun, SS9. IV. 756.
Roberts v. Cohen, 60 App. Div. 259, 70 N. Y. Supp. 57, IV. 26s.
Roberts v. Cone, 3 Alb. L. J. 151, IV. 53.
Roberts v. State, 160 N. Y. 217, 54 N. E. 678, IV. 217, 474.
Robinson v. Oceanic St. Nav. Co. 112 N. Y. 315, 2 L. R. A. 636, 19
N. E. 62s, IV. 290.
Rochester, Re, 137 N. Y. 243, 33 N. E. 320, IV. 134.
Rochester v. Barnes, 26 Barb. 657, IV. 674.
Rochester v. Bell Tel. Co. 52 App. Div. 6, 64 N. Y. Supp. 804, IV.
288.
Rochester v. Bloss, 77 App. Div. 28, 79 N. Y. Supp. 236, IV. 409.
Rochester v. Quintard, 136 N. Y. 221, 32 N. E. 760, IV. 688.
Rochester v. Simpson, 134 N. Y. 414, 31 N. E. 871, IV. 223.
Rochester v. West, 164 N. Y. 510, 53 L. R. A. 548, 79 Am. St. Rep.
659, S8 N. E. 673, IV. 28s.
Rochester & C. Tump. Road Co. v. Joel, 41 App. Div. 43, 58 N. Y.
Supp. 346, IV. go, los, 672.
Rochester, Hornellsville & L. R. Co., Re, no N. Y. 119, 17 N. E.
678, IV. 130, 135.
Rochester Water Comrs., Re, 66 N. Y. 413, IV. 129.
Rochester Waterworks Co. v. Wood, 60 Barb. 137, IV. 137.
Rockwell V. Nearing, 35 N. Y. 302, IV. 91, 100, 277.
Roddy V. Brooklyn City & N. R. Co. 32 App. Div. 311, 52 N. Y.
Supp. 1025, IV. 118, 431, 672.
Rogers Ave., Re, 29 Abb. N. C. 361, 22 N. Y Supp. 27, IV. 121.
Rogers v. Bradshaw, 20 Johns. 744, IV. 132.
Rogers v. Buffalo, 123 N. Y. 173, 9 L- R- A. 579, 25 N. E. 274, IV.
34, 27s. S15. 740, 789.
Rogers V. Smith, 5 Hun, 47S, IV. 686.
Rogers v. Stephens, 86 N. Y. 623, IV. 300, 394-
278 Constitutional History of New York.
Rogers v. Union R. Co. 10 Misc. 57, 30 N. Y. Supp. 8SS. IV. 409.
Rolfe V. Delmar, 7 Robt. 80, IV. 145.
Rome V. Knox, 14 How. Pr. 268, IV. 232.
Rondout & O. R. Co. v. Deyo, 5 Lans. 298, IV. 387.
Roosevelt v. Cebra, 17 Johns. 108, IV. 257.
Roosevelt v. Godard, 52 Barb. S33. IV. 125, 207.
Rosin V. Lidgerwood Manf. Co. 89 App. Div. 245, 86 N. Y. Supp. 49,
IV. 179.
Routenberg v. Schweitzer, 165 N. Y. 175, 58 N. E. 880, IV. 254, 630.
Rumsey v. New York & N. E. R. R. Co. 130 N. Y. 88, 28 N. K 763,
IV. 437, 513.
Rumsey v. New York & N. E. R. Co. 63 Hun, 200, 17 N. Y. Supp.
672, IV. 26, 376.
Rumsey v. People, 19 N. Y. 41, IV. 3S3, 3S4. 531-
Rupp, Re, 28 Misc. 703, 59 N. Y. Supp. 997, afJ'd in 45 App. Div.
631, 61 N. Y. Supp. 1147, IV. 527.
Russell V. New York, 2 Den. 461, IV. 127.
Rutherford v. Graham, 4 Hun, 796, IV. 151. '
Ryalls V. Leader, L. R. i Exch. 299, IV. 143.
Ryan v. New York, 177 N. Y. 271, 69 N. E. S99, IV. 243.
Ryan v. Preston, 59 App. Div. 97, 69 N. Y. Supp. loo, IV. 114.
Ryan v. Waule, 63 N. Y. 57, IV. 294.
Ryers, Re, 72 N. Y. i, 28 Am. Rep. 88, IV. 93, 304, 751.
Sackett v. Andross, S Hill, 327, IV. 22.
Sackett Street, Re, 74 N. Y. 95. IV. 238, 304, 3i8, 404.
Sage V. Brooklyn, 89 N. Y. 189, IV. 116.
Sale V. Lawson, 4 Sandf. 718, IV. 614.
Salters v. Tobias, 3 Paige, 338, IV. 326.
Sammons v. Gloversville, 34 Misc. 459, 70 N. Y. Supp. 284, IV. 12a;
Sandham v. Nye, 9 Misc. 541, 30 N. Y. Supp. 552, IV. 427, 673.
Sands v. Kimbark, 27 N. Y. 147, IV. 43.
Sands v. Tillinghast, 24 How. Pr. 435, IV. 43.
Saranac Land & Timber Co. v. Comptroller, 177 U. S. 318, 44 L. ed.
786, 20 Sup. Ct. Rep. 642, IV. 230.
Table of Cases. 279
Saratoga Springs v. Van Norder, 75 App. Div. 204, 77 N. Y. Supp.
1020, IV. 756.
Sargent v. Board of Education. 177 N. Y. 317, 69 N. E. 722, IV. 70s,
719-
Sarsfield v. Van Vaughner, 15 Abb. Pr. 65, IV. 529.
Saunders v. New York C. & H. R. R. Co. 144 N. Y. 75, 26 L. R. A.
378, 43 Am. St. Rep. 729, 38 N. E. 992, IV. 256.
Sayre v. Wisner, 8 Wend. 662, IV. 204, 326.
Schaper v. Brooklyn & L. I. Cable R. Co. 4 N. Y. S. R. 860, 124 N.
Y. 630, 26 N. E. 311, IV. 432.
Schenectady v. Furman, 145 N. Y. 482, 45 Am. St. Rep. 624, 40 N.
E. 221, IV. 124.
Schenectady R. Co. v. Peck, 84 N. Y. Supp. 759, IV. 433.
Schillinger Cement & Asphalt Co. v. Amott, 152 N. Y. 584, 46 N. E.
956, IV. 49.
Schnaier v. Navarre Hotel & Importation Co. 182 N. Y. 83, IV. 279.
Schneider v. Rochester, go Hun, 171, 35 N. Y. Supp. 786, IV. 206.
Schultes, Re, 33 App. Div. 524, 54 N. Y. Supp. 34, IV. 629, 787.
Schuster v. Metropolitan Bd. of Health, 49 Barb. 450, IV. 222.
Schuyler v. Curtis, 147 N. Y. 434, 31 L. R. A. 286, 49 Am. St. Rep.
671, 42 N. E. 22, IV. 144.
Sciolina v. Erie Preserving Co. 151 N. Y. 50, 45 N. E. 371, IV. 548.
Sea Beach R. Co. v. Coney Island & G. Elec. R. Co. 22 App. Div.
477, 47 N. Y. Supp. 981, IV. 433-
Seaman v. Dickenson, i App. Div. 19, 36 N. Y. Supp. 748, IV. 319.
Seifert v. Brooklyn, loi N. Y. 136, 54 Am. Rep. 664, 4 N. E. 321,
IV. 114.
Seneca County v. Allen, 99 N. Y. 532, 2 N. E. 459, IV. 39s, 438, 450.
Seneca County Bank v. Lamb, 26 Barb. 595, IV. 219.
Seneca Nation v. Christie, 126 N. Y. 122, 27 N. E. 27s, IV. 169.
Seneca Nation v. Hammond, 6 Thomp. & C. 595, IV. 174.
Sentenis v. Ladew, 140 N. Y. 463, 37 Am. St. Rep. 569, 35 N. E. 650,
IV. 21, S30.
Settle v. Van Evrea, 49 N. Y. 280, IV. 16, 631.
Seward v. Beach, 29 Barb. 239, IV. 237.
Shanley v. Brooklyn, 30 Hun, 396, IV. 424.
Sharp v. New York, 31 Barb. 572. IV. 385.
28o Constitutional History of New York.
Shaughnessy v. Fornes, 73 App. Div. 462, 77 N. Y. Supp. 223, IV.
519-
Shayne v. Evening Post Pub. Co. 168 N. Y. 70, 55 L. R. A. 777, 85
Am. St. Rep. 654, 61 N. E. 115, IV. 177.
Sheehan v. Long Island City, 11 Misc. 487, 33 N. Y. Supp. 428, IV.
689.
Shepard v. Eddy, 18 N. Y. S. R. 839, 15 N. Y. Civ. Proc. Rep. 403,
2 N. Y. Supp. 534, IV. 52.
Shepherd v. People, 25 N. Y. 406, IV. 74, 234.
Shepherd's Fold v. New York, 96 N. Y. 137, III. 474, IV. 682, 698.
Sheppard v. Steele, 43 N. Y. 52, 3 Am. Rep. 660, IV. 41, 48, 96,
Sherman, Re, 153 N. Y. i, 46 N. E. 1032, IV. 321, 323.
Sherman v. Felt, 2 N. Y. 186, IV. 529.
Sherman v. McKeon, 38 N. Y. 266, IV. 21.
Sherman v. Smith, i Black, 587, 17 L. ed. 163, aff'g 21 N. Y. 9, IV.
19, 260, 679.
Sherwell, Re, 125 N. Y. 376, 26 N. E. 464, IV. 321.
Sibley v. Sibley, 76 App. Div. 132, 78 N. Y. Supp. 743, IV. 102, 325.
Signell V. Wallace, 35 Misc. 656, 72 N. Y. Snpp. 348, IV. 289.
Silkman, Re, 88 App. Div. 102, 84 N. Y. Supp. 1024, IV. 632.
Sill V. Corning, 15 N. Y. 297, IV. 623.
Sillcocks V. New York, 11 Hun, 431, IV. 697.
Silvey v. Lindsay, 107 N. Y. 55, 13 N. E. 444, III. 87, IV. 180, 193.
Sims v. Sims, 75 N. Y. 466, IV. 24,
Sinclair v. Jackson, 8 Cow. 543, IV. 12.
Siiiteff v. People's Building Loan & Sav. Asso. 37 App. Div. 340, 57
N. Y. Supp. 611, aff'd 166 N. Y. 630, 60 N. E. 1120, IV. 262.
Skaneateles Waterworks Co v. Skaneateles, 161 N. Y. 154, 46 L: R.
A. 687, 55 N. E. 562, IV. 261.
Slaughter House Cases, 16 Wallace, 36, 21 L. ed. 394, IV. 32, 291,
707.
"Sleight V. Read, 18 Barb. 159, IV. 266, 328.
Slingerland v. International Contracting Co. 43 App. Div. 215, 60
N. Y. Supp. 12, IV. 429.
Slocum v. Stoddard, 7 N. Y. Civ. Proc. R. 240, IV. 245.
Smith, Re, 10 Wend. 449, I. 212, IV. 43, 71, 300.
Smith, Re, 84 Hun, 465, 32 N. Y. Supp. 317, 146 N. Y. 68, 28 L. R. A.
820, 40 N. E. 497, IV. SI, in.
Table of Cases. 281
Smith, Re, 90 Hun, 568, 36 N. Y. Supp. 40, 148 N. Y. 187, 42 N- E.
592, IV. 16.
Smith V. Brooklyn, 160 N. Y. 357, 49 L. R. A. 664, 54 N. E. 787, IV.
124.
Smith V. Buffalo, 90 Hun, 118, 35 N. Y. Supp. 635, IV. 320, 323.
Smith V. Central Trust Co. 154 N. Y. 333, 48 N. E. 553, IV. 24.
Smith V. Fleischman, 23 App. Div. 355, 48 N. Y. Supp. 234, IV. 49.
Smith V. Helmer, 7 Barb. 416, I. 216, IV. 133.
Smith V. Keteltas, 32 Misc. iii, 66 N. Y. Supp. 260, 62 App. Div.
174, 70 N. Y. Supp. 1065, IV. 20.
Smith V. Levinus, 8 N. Y. 472, IV. 451.
Smith V. New York, 34 How. Pr. 508, IV. 404
Smith V. People, 47 N. Y. 330, I. 286.
Smith V. Rochester, 46 N. Y. S. R 727, 19 N. Y. Supp. 459, IV. 675.
Smith V. Silsbee, 53 App. Div. 462, 65 N. Y. Supp. 1083, IV. 629.
Smith, Re, v. St. Lawrence County, 148 N. Y. 187, 42 N. E. 592, IV.
3S3-
Smith v. White Plains, 67 Hun, 81, 22 N. Y. Supp. 450, IV. 100.
Smith Case (Senate) IV. S79l
Smyth Case (Senate) IV. 587.
Soldiers' Voting Bill, Re, 45 N. H. 607, IV. 503.
South Market Street, Re, 67 Hun, 594, 22 N. Y. Supp. 432, IV. 117.
Southern Boulevard R. Co., Re, 58 Hun, 497, 12 N. Y. Supp. 466,
IV. 264.
Southwick v. Southwick, 49 N. Y. 510, IV. 233.
Spader v. New York Elev. R. Co. 3 Abb. N. C. 467, IV. 263.
Spencer v. Merchant, 100 N. Y. 585, 3 N. E. 682,.aff'd 125 U. S. 345,
31 -L. ed. 763, 8 Sup. Ct. Rep. 921, IV. 99, 108, 317.
Spencer v. Richardson, 7 Johns. 116, IV. 327.
Spitzer v. Fulton, 172 N. Y. 285, 92 Am. St. Rep. 736, 64 N. E. 957,
IV. 187, 774-
Split Rock Cable Road Co., Re, 128 N. Y. 408, 28 N. E. 506, IV. 134-
Splittorf v. State, 108 N. Y. 205, 15 N. E. 322, IV. 660.
Squares v. Campbell, 60 Barb. 391, IV. 89, 91.
St. Lawrence & Adirondack R. Co., Re, 133 N. Y. 270, 31 N. E. 218,
IV. 303.
Staats v. Hudson R. R. Co. 4 Abb. App. Dec. 287, IV. 287.
Stamford v. Fisher, 140 N. Y. 187, 35 N. E. 500, IV. 254.
282 Constitutional History of New York.
Stamford Water Co. v. Stanley, 39 Hun, 424, IV. 133.
Stanbro v. Hopkins, 28 Barb. 265, IV. 61.
Starin v. Genoa, 23 N. Y. 439, IV. 221.
State V. Dibble, 21 How. U. S. 366, 16 L. ed. 149, aff'g 16 N. Y. 203,
IV. 48, 169, 172, 282.
State ex rel. Warmoth v. Graham, 26 La. Ann. 568, 21 Am. Rep.
SSI, IV. 479.
State V. Kings County, 12s N. Y. 312, 26 N. E. 272, IV. 309, 318, 323.
State ex rel. Crittenden v. Walker, 78 Mo. 139, IV. 480.
State Reservation, Re, 37 Hun, 537, 102 N. Y. 734, 7 N. E. 916, IV. 97.
Steamboat Josephine, Re, 39 N. Y. 19, IV. 28, 239.
Steamship Richmond Hill Co. v. Seager, 160 N. Y. 312, S4 N. E.
S74, IV. SSO.
Stebbins, Re, 41 App. Div. 269, 58 N. Y. Supp. 468, IV. 331.
Stephens v. Howe, 43 How. Pr. 134, IV. 534.
Stephens v. Reynolds, 6 N. Y. 454, IV. 150.
Stewart v. l^ew York, 15 App. Div. 548, 44 N. Y. Supp. S7S, IV. 36a
Stilwell, Re, 139 N. Y. 337, 34 N. E. 777, IV. 296, 532, 617.
Stocking V. Hunt, 3 Den. 272, IV. 272.
Stokes V. People, 53 N. Y. 164, 13 Am. Rep. 492, IV. 47, 229, 241.
Story V. Furman, 25 N. Y. 214, IV. 259.
Story V. New York El. R. Co. 3 Abb. N. C. 478, 90 N. Y. 122, 43 Am.
Rep. 146, IV. 121, 676.
Strauder v. West Virginia, 100 U. S. 306, 25 L. ed. 66s, IV. 291.
Straus, Re, 44 App. Div. 42s, 61 N. Y. Supp. 37, IV. 6g8.
Streets, Re Certain, 7 N. Y. Wkly. Dig. 202, IV. 238, .388.
Striker v. Kelly, 7 Hill, 9, IV. 123, 552.
Stroub V. Manhattan R. Co. 14 N. Y. Supp. 773, IV. 119.
Stryker v. Churchill, 39 Misc. 578, 80 N. Y. Supp. 588, IV. 790.
Stuart V. Palmer, 74 N. Y. 183, 30 Am. Rep. 289, IV. 87, 108.
Sturges v. Crowninshield, 4 Wheat. 122, 4 L. ed. 529, IV. 257.
Sturgis V. Spofford, 4s N. Y. 446, IV. 749.
Stutzbach v. Coler, 168 N. Y. 416, 61 N. E. 697, IV. 522.
Suburban Rapid Transit Co. v. New York, 128 N. Y. 510, 28 N. E.
52s, IV. 236.
Sugden v. Partridge, 174 N. Y. 87, 66 N. E. 6ss, IV. 321, 737-
Sullivan, Re, 5S Hun, 285, 8 N. Y. Supp. 401, IV. 230, 321.
Sullivan v. Brewster, 8 How. Pr. 207, IV. 267.
Table of Cases. 283
Sullivan v. New York, 53 N. Y. 652, IV. 388.
Sun Mut. Ins. Co. v. New York, 8 N. Y. 241, IV. 317, 384.
Sun Printing & Pub. Asso. v. New York, 8 App. Div. 230, 152 N. Y.
257, 37 L. R. A. 788, 46 N. E. 499, IV. 427, 697, 777.
Swan V. Mutual Reserve Fund Life Asso. 155 N. Y. 9, 49 N. E. 258,
IV. 265, 302.
Sweeley, Re, 12 Misc. 174, 33 N. Y. Supp. 369, aff'd in 146 N. Y. 401,
42 N. E. 543, IV. 521.
Sweet V. Buffalo N. Y. & P. R. Co. 79 N. Y. 293, IV. 297, 386.
Sweet V. Hulbert, 51 Barb. 312, IV. 123.
Sweet V. Syracuse, 129 N. Y. 316, 27 N. E. 1081, 29 N. E. 289, IV.
206, 400, 438, 66s, 688, 774.
Swift V. State, 89 N. Y. 52, IV. 246, 434, 452.
Swikehard v. Michels, 81 Hun, 325, 29 N. Y. Supp. 777, 30 N. Y.
Supp. 113s, aff'd in 144 N. Y. 684, 39 N. E. 859, IV. 420.
Syracuse v. Hubbard, 64 App. Div. 587, 72 N. Y. Supp. 802, IV. 629,
756.
Syracuse & S. B. R. Co., Re, 33 Misc. 510, 68 N. Y. Supp. 160, IV.
433-
Syracuse City Bank v. Davis, 16 Barb. 188, IV. 299, 303, 677.
Syracuse Water Co. v. Syracuse, 116 N. Y. 167, 5 L. R. A. 546, 22
N. E. 381, IV. 236.
Szuchy V. Hillside Coal & I. Co. 150 N. Y. 219, 44 N. E. 974, IV. 549.
Taber v. Erie County, 131 N. Y. 432, 30 N. E. 177, IV. 248.
Talbot V. New York & H. R. Co. 151 N. Y. 155, 45 N. E. 38s!, IV.
121.
Tanner v. Albion, 5 Hill, 121, IV. 223.
Tappan, Re, 54 Barb. 225, IV. 386.
Tappan v. Gray, 9 Paige, 507, IV. 762.
Taylor v. Porter, 4 Hill, 140, 4° Am. Dec. 274, IV. 38, 87, 109, 139,
202, 237.
Teal V. Felton, 12 How. 284, 13 L. ed. 990, aff'g i N. Y. 537, 49 Am.
Dec. 352, IV. 621.
Constitutional History of New Y^rk.
ement House Dept v. Moeschen, 89 App. Div. 526, 179 N. Y.
J2S, 72 N. E. 231, IV. 287.
rel V. Wheeler, 123 N. Y. 76, 25 N. E. 329, IV. 323.
rd Ave. R. Co., Re., 121 N. Y. 536, 9 L. R. A. 124, 24 N. E. 951,
IV. 432, 672.
rty-fourth Street R. Co., Re, 102 N. Y. 343, 7 N. E. 172, IV. 236,
431-
rty-second Elec. Dist., Re, 18 N. Y. S. R. 785, 3 N. Y. Supp. 107,
IV. 183.
mas V. Harrop, 7 How. Pr. 57, IV. &. '
mas V. Leiand, 24 Wend. 65, IV. 317.
mpson V. New York & H. R. Co. 3 Sandf. 625, IV. 235, 2591
mpson V. Perrine, 103 U. S. 806, 26 L. ed. 612, IV. 300.
rne v. Cramer, IS Barb. 112, IV. 220.
usand Island Park Asso. v. Tucker, 173 N. Y. 203, 60 L. R. A.
786, 65 N. E. 975. IV. 430.
rber v. Townsend, 22 N. Y. 517, IV. 266.
iny V. United States Ilium. Co. 67 How. Pr. 73, aff'd in 9 Jones
& S. 280, IV. 121.
t V. Buffalo, 82 N. Y. 204, IV. 298, 325, 394, 419, 774.
fue V. Port Chester, loi N. Y. 294, 4 N. E. 625, IV. 407.
cham V. Tapscott, 17 N. Y. 141, IV. 514.
ias V. Perry, 25 Misc. 74, 54 N. Y. Supp. 716, IV. 628.
:i V. New York, 73 Hun, 46, 25 N. Y. Supp. 1089, IV. 693.
ipkins V. Hodgson, 2 Hun, 146, IV. 697.
■le V. Forney, 14 N. Y. 423, IV. 35, 295.
nsend. Re, 39 N. Y. 171, IV. 44, 127, 135, 204, 211, 699.
nsend v. New York, 16 Hun, 362, aff'd in 77 N. Y. 542, IV. 774.
mor V. Eichhom, 74 Hun, 58, 26 N. Y. Supp. 314, IV. 382, 420.
une Association v. New York, 48 Barb. 240, IV. 301.
;sdale v. Rochester, 33 Hun, 574, IV. 452.
ler V. New York, 168 U. S. 90, 42 L. ed. 392, 18 Sup. Ct. Rep. 38,
IV. 230.
lill, Re, 163 N. Y. 133, 49 L. R. A. 781, 79 Am. St. Rep. $74. 57
N. E. 303, IV. 25, 140.
;k V. Bromley, 4 Edw. Ch. 258, IV. 235.
r, Re, 60 Hun, 566, 15 N. Y. Supp. 366, IV. 618.
r V. Heidorn, 46 Barb. 439, IV. 26, 149, 273.
Table of Cases. 285
Tyroler v. Guramersbach, 28 Misc. 151, 59 N. Y. Supp. 226, 319, IV.
61s, 629.
u
Ulster & Del. R. Co., Re, v. Gross, 31 Hun, 83, IV. 137.
Underhill v. Manhattan R. Co. 27 Abb. N. C. 478, 18 N. Y. Supp. 43,
IV. 325.
Union College, Re, 129 N. Y. 308, 29 N. E. 460, IV. 319.
Union Ferty Co., Re, 98 N. Y. 139, IV. 125, 132, 219, 413, 428.
United States, Re, 67 How. Pr. 121, IV. 223, 699.
United States, Re, 96 N. Y. 227, IV. 114, 395.
United States v. Baltimore & O. R. Co. 17 Wall. 322, 21 L. ed. 597,
III. 611.
United States v. Rauscher, iig U. S. 407, 30 L. ed. 425, 7 Sup. Ct.
Rep. 234, IV. 25.
United States Trust Co. v. Brady, 20 Barb. 119, IV. 673, 677.
United States Trust Co. v. U. S. Fire Ins. Co. 18 N. Y. 199, IV. 43,
260, 67s, 679.
Upson, Re, 89 N. Y. 67, IV. 392.
Utica Waterworks Co. v. Utica, 31 Hun, 426, IV. 388.
Vacheron, Re, 51 App. Div. 182, 64 N. Y. Supp. 503, IV. 268.
Van Allen v. Assessors, 3 Wallace, 573, 18 L. ed. 229, IV. 323.
Van Antwerp, Re, 56 N. Y. 261, IV. 304, 317, 324, 392.
Van Arsdale v. King, 152 N. Y. 69, 46 N. E. 179, IV. 541.
Van Brunt v. Flatbush, 128 N. Y. 50, 27 N. E. 973, IV. 380, 400.
Vanderbilt, Re, 50 App. Div. 246, 36 N. Y. Supp. 1079, aff'd in 163 N.
Y. 597, 57 N. E. 1127, IV. 321.
Vanderbilt v. Adams, 7 Cow. 349, IV. 124, 264.
Van Deventer v. Long Island City, 139 N. Y. 133. 34 N. E. 774, IV.
324-
Van Marter v. Hotchkiss, i Keyes, 58$. IV. 52-
Van Ness Case (Assembly), IV. 556, 607.
286 Constitutional History of New York.
Van Rensselaer v. Snyder, 13 N. Y. 299, IV. 272.
Van Vranken v. Schenectady, 31 Hun, 516, IV. 396, 675.
Van Wycklen v. Brooklyn, 118 N. Y. 424, 24 N. E. I79. IV. 124.
Varick v. Briggs, 22 Wend. S43i IV. 271.
Varick v. New York, 4 Johns. Ch. S3, IV. 325.
Varick v. Smith, 5 Paige, 137, 28 Am. Dec. 417, IV. 276.
Venanzio v. Weir, 64 App. Div. 483, 72 N. Y. Supp. 234, IV. 227.
Viemeister v. White, 88 App. Div. 44, 84 N. Y. Supp. 712, 179 N. Y.
23s, 72 N. E. 97, IV. 36, 707-
Virginia, Ex parte, 100 U. S. 344, 25 L. ed. 678, IV. 291.
Volkening, Re, 52 N. Y. 650, IV. 386.
Vose V. Cockcroft, 44 N. Y. 415, IV. 13, 21,
w
Wager v. Troy Union R. Co. 25 N. Y. 526, IV. 119.
Wakker, Re, 3 Barb. 162, IV. 383.
Waldron v. Rensselaer & S. R. Co. 8 Barb. 390, IV. 214.
Waldron v. Ritchings, 3 Daly, 288, IV. 178.
Walker, Re, 57 App. Div. i, 67 N. Y. Supp. 647, IV. 95.
Walker v. Grain, 17 Barb. 119, IV. 259.
Walker v. Walker, 155 N. Y. 77, 49 N. E. 663, IV. 327.
Wallace v. Karlenowefski, 19 Barb. 118, IV. 120.
Wallace v. Myers, 38 Fed. 184, 4 L. R. A. 171, IV. 123.
Wallack v. New York, s Thomp. & C. 310, 3 Hun, 84, aff'd 67 N. Y.
23, IV. 277, 316.
Waller v. State, 144 N. Y. S79, 39 N. E. 680, IV. 667.
Wallerstien v. Bohanna, i Silv. Sup. Ct. 363, 24 St. Rep. 814, S N. Y.
Supp. 319, 125 N. Y. 696, 26 N. E. 141, IV. 77S.
Walter v. People, 32 N. Y. 147, IV. 43, 241.
Walters, Re, 84 Hun, 457, 32 N. Y. Supp. 322, IV. 707.
Ward, Re, 48 N. Y. S. R. 613, 29 Abb. N. C. 197, 20 N. Y. Supp. 606,
IV. 193.
Ward V. Boyce, 152 N. Y. 191, 36 L. R. A. 549, 46 N. E. 180, IV. 24,
no.
Warner v. Palmer, 66 App. Div. 127, 72 N. Y. Supp. 703, IV. 533.
Warner v. People, 2 Den. 272, 43 Am. Dec. 740, I. 206, IV. 722, 753.
Table of Cases. 287
Warren v. People, 3 Park. Cr. 544, IV. 45.
Washburn v. Franklin, 24 How. Pr. 515, IV. 324.
Washington Cemetery v. Prospect Park & C. I. R. Co. 68 N. Y. 591,
IV. 127.
Water Comrs. v. Dwight, loi N. Y. 9, 3 N. E. 782, IV. 398.
Waterloo Woolen Manf. Co. v. Shanahan, 128 N. Y. 345, 14 L. R. A.
481, 28 N. E. 358, IV. 12, 132, 203, 249, 436.
Waterman Co., Re L. E., 33 Misc. 569, 68 N. Y. Supp. 892, IV. 440.
Waters v. Langdon, 40 Barb. 408, IV. 626.
Watertown v. Fairbanks, 65 N. Y. 588, IV. 407.
Watson V. Delaware, L. & W. R. Co. 32 Misc. 311, 66 N. Y. Supp.
798, IV. 106.
Watson V. New York C. R. Co. 47 N. Y. 157, IV. 302.
Way V. New Jersey S. B. Co. 133 Fed. 188, IV. 210.
Webb V. New York, 64 How. Pr. 10, IV. 330, 408.
Wegman v. Childs, 41 N. Y. 159, I. 277.
Weinickie v. New York C. & H. R. R. Co. 39 N. Y. S. R. 584, iS N.
Y. Supp. 689. aflf'd 133 N. Y. 656, 31 N. E. 625, IV. 413,
419. 426.
Weismer v. Douglas, 64 N. Y. 92, 21 Am. Rep. 586, IV. 250, 320,
696, 773-
Wells T. Buffalo, 14 Hun, 438, 80 N. Y. 254, IV. 412-
Went V. Methodist Protestant Church, 80 Hun, 266, 30 N. Y. Supp.
IS7, aff'd 150 N. Y. 577, 44 N. E. 1129, IV. 211.
Wenzler v. People, 58 N. Y. 516, IV. 394, 621.
West Point Iron Co. v. Reymert, 45 N. Y. 703, IV. 53.
Western Union Tel. Co. v. New York, 38 Fed. 552, 3 L. R. A. 449,
2 Inters. Com. Rep. 533, IV. 209, 289, 428.
Westervelt v. Gregg, 12 N. Y. 202, 62 Am. Dec 160, IV. 88, 106, 328
Weston V. People, 6 Hun, 140, IV. 43.
Weston V. Watts, 45 Hun, 219, IV. no.
Westphal v. New York, 75 App. Div. 252, 78 N. Y. Supp. 56, IV. 124.
Wetmore v. Brooklyn Gaslight Co. 42 N. Y. 384, IV. 12.
Wetmore v. Law, 34 Barb. 515, IV. 298.
Whalen, Re, 47 N. Y. S. R. 3«3. 19 N. Y. Supp. 91S, IV. 331, 474,
730.
Wheatfield v. Tonawanda Street R. Co. 92 Hun, 460, 36 N. Y. Supp.
744, IV. 434-
288 Constitutional History of New York.
Wheatland v. Taylor, 29 Hun, 70, IV. 686.
Wheeler v. Gilsey, 35 How. Pr. 139, IV. 140.
Wheeler v. Jackson, 137 U. S. 245, 34 L. ed. 659, n Sup. Ct Rep.
76, aff'g los N. Y. 681, IV. 90, 244, 273.
Wheeler v. State, 97 App. Div. 276, 90 N. Y. Supp. 18, IV. 43s
Wheelock v. Lee, 74 N. Y. 495, IV. 45.
Wheelock v. Young, 4 Wend. 650, IV. 132.
Whitaker v. Staten Island M. R. Co. 76 App. Div. 351, 78 N. Y.
Supp. 410, IV. 21.
White V. Inebriates' Home, 141 N. Y. 123, 35 N. E. 1092, IV. 695.
White V. Syracuse & Utica R. R. Co. 14 Barb. SS9, IV. 672.
White V. Wheeler, 51 Hun, 573, 4 N. Y. Supp. 405, IV. 230.
White V. W^hite, s Barb. 474, IV. 38, 328.
Whiteley v. Terry, 83 App. Div. 197, 82 N. Y. Supp. 89, IV. 279;
Whitford v. Panama R. Co. 23 N. Y. 465, IV. 178.
Whiting, Re, 2 Barb. 513, IV. 744.
Whitney, Re, 142 N. Y. 531, 37 N. E. 621, IV. 352, 355.
Whitney v. New York, 6 Abb. N. C. 329, IV. 232.
Wicks V. Monihan, 130 N. Y. 232, 14 L. R. A. 243, 29 N. E. 139,
IV. 102.
Wilcox V. Baker, 22 App. Div. 299, 47 N. Y. Supp. 900, IV. 397.
Wilder, Re, 90 App. Div. 262, 85 N. Y. Supp. 741, IV. 420.
Wilkinson v. Gill, 74 N. Y. 63, 30 Am. Rep. 264, IV. 145.
Wilkins Place, Re, 54 N. Y. Supp. 65, IV. 425.
Williams v. Albany County, 122 U. S. 154, 30 L. ed. 1088, 7 Sap.
Ct. Rep. 1244, IV. 324.
Williams v. Boynton, 147 N. Y. 426, 42 N. E. 184, IV. 421.
Williams v. Duanesburg, 66 N. Y. 129, IV. 250.
Williams v. New York C. R. Co. 16 N. Y. 97, 69 Am. Dec 651,
IV. 119.
Williams v. People, 24 N. Y. 405, IV. 218, 384.
Williams v. Williams, 8 N. Y. 525, IV. 177, 528.
Williamson v. Suydam, 6 Wallace, 723, 18 L. ed. 967, IV. 274,
Wilson V. New York, 4 E. D. Smith, 675, IV. 312.
Wilson V. New York C. & H. R. Co. 2 N. Y. Supp. 65, IV. 121, 396.
Wilson V. United Traction Co. 72 App. Div. 233, 76 N. Y. Supp. 203,
IV. 103, 288.
Wilson V. Whitmore, 92 Hun, 466, 36 N. Y. Supp. SSO, IV. 252.
Table of Cases. 289
Wmdt V. German Reformed Church, 4 Sandf. Ch. 471, IV. 211.
Wissels, Re, 13 N. Y. Wkly. Dig. 185, IV. 90.
Witherbee v. Stover, 23 Hun, 27, IV. 151.
Wolfe, Re, 66 Hun, 389, 21 N. Y. Supp. SiS, IV. 328.
Wolfe V. Richmond County, 19 How. Pr. 370, IV. 723.
Wolfkiel V. Mason, 16 Abb. Pr. 221, IV. 301.
Wood, Re, 2 Cow. 29, IV. 551.
Wood V. Byington, 2 Barb. Ch. 387, IV. 229.
Wood V. New York, 34 How. Pr. 501, IV. 325.
Woods, Re, 5 Misc. 575, 26 N. Y. Supp. 169, IV. 185.
Woolsey, Re, 95 N. Y. 135, IV. 419.
Wormser v. Brown, 149 N. Y. 163, 43 N. K 524, IV. 238.
Worthington v. London Guarantee & A. Co. 164 N. Y. 81, 58 N. E.
102, IV. 630.
Wortman, Re, 22 Abb. N. C. 137, 2 N. Y. Supp. 324, IV. 226, 292,
521, 789.
Wright V. Hart, 103 App. Div. 218, 93 N. Y. Supp. 60, IV. 86, 206,
226,278; V. 4.
Wright V. Rosenbloom, 52 App. Div. S79, 66 N. Y. Supp. 165, IV. 693.
Wrought Iron Bridge Co. v. Attica, 119 N. Y. 204, 23 N. E. 542, IV.
24s. 299. 399, 430-
Wynehamer v. People, 13 N. Y. 378, II. 290, 383, IV. 38, 41. 42, 49, 87,
88, 104, 304,
Young V. Rochester, 73 App. Div. 81, 76 N. Y. Supp. 224, IV. 331.
Youngs v. Carter, 10 Hun, 194, IV. 529.
Zborowski, Re, 68 N. Y. 88, IV. 222, 756.
Ziegler v. Corwin, 12 App. Div. 60, 42 N. Y. Supp. 855, IV. 206, 622,
625.
Ziegler v. Flack, 22 Jones & S. 69, IV. 324-
Vol. V. Const. Hist. — 19.
INDEX OF PERSONS.
A
Abbott, Austin IV.
Abbott, Vasco P. III. 28, 50, 83, 130, 3101 311,
Abeel, Garrit, I.
Acker, Milo M., III. 28, 206,
Ackerly, Nathaniel S., III. 26, 78, 83,
Adams, Andrew, I.
Adams, Charles D II. 685, 689, 697, 698, 699,
Adams, John, I. 114, 155, 559,
Adams, Samuel, I. 114,
Adams, Thomas I.
Adams, William H., IV.
Adgate Matthew I. 485, 490, 495, 526,
Adriaesen, Maryn I.
Agan, Patrick H., III.
Ainsworth, Danforth E., IV.
Akin, Jonathan I.
Alexander, King of Scotland, 1
Allaben, William H., III.
Allen, Augustus F., II. 246,
Allen, Cornelius L., II. 244, 272, 337, 338,
Allen, Norman M., II. 246,
Allen, Stephen, II. 105,
Allen, William F., II. 261, IV. 5, 10, 62, 771,
Allison, William, I- 485.
Almeric, Brother (Magna Charta), I.
291
292 Constitutional History of New York.
Alvord, Thomas G., II. 245, 290, 327, 338, 340, 342, 372, 388, 390, 410
412, 643, III. 28, 29, 79, 233, 301, 3". 376. 394, 395. 67S
IV. 505, 582, 610.
Anderson, Martin B., II. 669
Andrews, Charles, II. 244, 248, 261.
344, 350, III. 200, 201, 202, 210, IV. 211, 2S3, 704, 777
Andrews, George P., IV. 196
Andrews, William S., IV. 666.
Andres, Sir Edmund I. 25, 26, 27, 32, 33, 34, 425, 427
428, 436, 437, 452, 46s, 542, II- 15, HI. 587, IV. 156, 486i
Angel, William G. II. 104, 169
Anne, Queen III. Appx. 697, 69S
700, 703, 712, 713, 722, 740, IV. 177.
Anthony, AUard, I. 456
Apthorp, Charles Ward, III. Appx. 711
Archer, Ornon, II. 106, 245
Argal, Captain I. 18
Armstrong, John J., II. 470, 508
Armstrong, Jonathan P., II. 244
Arnold, Charles W. H., III. 27, 302, 310
Arnold, Frank B III. 7, 20, 21, 22.
Arnoux, William H., IV. 508
Arundel, William, Earl of, I. 77
Atwater, Moses I. 609
Austin, George C III. 680
Axtell, Nathan G., II. 245, 389
Ayrault, Allen, II. 104, 169, 187, 191
B
Backus, Frederick F., II. 105, 181,
Backus, Harry, II. 105
Bacon, Ezekiel, I. 631, IV. 3S7
Bacon, John F., I. 221, III. 675
Baker, Albert L H. 106
Index of Persons. 293
Baker, Hezekiah, II. 245, 250, 269, 325
Baker, Jirah I. 631
Baker, William H., III. 28, 377, 380, 381, 382
Balcom, Ransom, IV. 105
Baldwin, Abraham, I. 150
Ballard, Horatio, II. 245, 263, 318, 379
Bancker, Evert, I. 485, SS7, 57h 57S, S82
Banister, John, I. 129
Banks, A. Bleecker, III. 27, 391, 458, 630, 631, 640
Barhite, John A., III. 28, 73, 79, 105
Barker, George, ... II. 246, 248, 264, 317, 344, 685, 697, 707, 714, 715
Barker, Joshua, .,1. 609
Barlow, Elisha, I. 631
Barlow, Joel, I- 695
Barnard, Daniel P., II. 244
Barnard, George G., IV. 60s, 607
Bams, John, I. 576
Bamum, James W., III. 28
Barrett, George C, IV. 183, 777
Barrow, George '. III. 28, 222, 303, 377
Bartlett, Edward T., II. 262
Bartlett, Franklin, II. 684, 699, 702
Bartlett, Josiah I. 113, 128
Bartlett, Willard, IV. 703, 707, 725.
Barto, Henry D., H. 244, 251, 369, 379
Bartow, John, I. 564
Bascom, Ansel, II. 105, no, 140, 144, 177, 210, 211, 267
Basset, Alan (Magna Charta) I. 78
Basset, Richard, 1-5°
Basset Thomas (Magna Charta), I. 78
Bath & Glastonbury, Joceline, Bishop of (Magna Charta), 1. 77
Baxter, George, I- 420
Bayard, William, I. 70S
Bayley, Jacob, 1- 4^5
Beadle, Tracy H. ^44, 37t
Beals, Oliver. B., H. 245,370
Becker, Isaac, I- S67
294 Constitutional History of New York.
Becker, Tracy C. HI. 28
206, 2i8, 22s, 226, 227, 298, 299, 30s, 337, 344, 360, 582
Beckwith, Barak, I. 631
Beckwith, Charles, III. 28, 666
Beckwith, Geotge M., II. 245, 250, 409
Bedford, Gunning, Jr., , I. 150
Beekman, James, I. 485, 557
Beekman, William, I. 456
Bell, James A II. 245, 289, 293, 372
Bellinger, Frederick, I. 568
Bellomont, Richard Coote, Earl of, I. 443, 655, II. 12, III. 4S2
IV. 461. 486, 487.
Benson, Egbert, I. 564, S76, 582, 599, 750, II. 527
Benson, Robert, I. 484, SS8, 57i, 574
Bentyn, Jacques, I. 415
Bergen, Tunis G., II. 104, 244, 318, 356, 388, 389
Betts, James A., IV. 96
Bickford, Marcus, II. 245, 301, 318, 349, 36a
Bigelow, John, III. 26, 50, 83, 103, 210, 290, 302, 334
Bingham, John, I. 609
Birdsall, Benjamin, I. 571, 575, 608
Birdseye, Victory, I. 631, IV. 356
Birkett, James W., JI. 680
Bissell, Wilson S., II. 685
Black, Frank S., III. 244, 400, 415, 436, 437, 439, 441, 446, 447, 453
Black, Heniy Campbell, .IV. id
Blackstone, Sir William I. 64, 65, 71S. IV. 201, 276, 369
Blackwell, Jacob, I. 485
Blair, John I. 150
Blake, Stephen S., III. 27, 72, 73, 133, 217, 226, 311
Bleecker, Henry I. 564
Bleecker, John James I. 485, 557
Bloodgood, Abraham, I. 567
Bloom, Isaac, I. 608
Blount, William, I. 150
Boardman, Douglass II. 685, 697
Boerum, Simon, I. 473
Boerum, William I. 571^ 575
Index of Persons, 295
Bogardus, Everadus, III. 477.
Bogardus, Evert, I. 574,
Bouck, William C, II. 19,
71, 85, 86, 99, los, 168, 170, III. 271, 272, 522, IV. 723, 730
Bouvier, John, IV. 10, 382
Bowdish, John, II. 105, 207
Bowen, Levi F., II. 245
Bowers, John M., III. 26
105, 129, 130, 225, 226, 237, 238, 241, 337, 345, 360, 457, 638
Bowman, John, I. 631
Boyd, John G. III. 277
Brackett, Edgar T., III. 348, IV. S73
Bradley, George B., II. 470,
478, 488, 489, 495, 542, III. 132, 207, 213, 215
Bradley, Joseph P IV. 85
Brashier, Abraham I. 485, 571, 575
Braxton, Carter, I. 113
Brajrton, Hervey, II. 105
Brearley, David, I. 150
Breese, Samuel S., I, 631.
Brewster, John,. I. 568
Briggs, Olney, I. 632, 664, IV. 58
Brinkerhoff, David I. 630
Brinkerhof!, Dirck, I. 576
Brockholls Anthony, I. 432
Brodhead, John Romeyn, I. Pref. xi
Bronson, Greene C II. 158, III. 268, IV. 167, 202, 541.
Brook, Chidley, I- 466
Brooks, Elijah P II. 245
Brooks, Erastus, 11. 244, 257, 279
281, 357. 358, 360, 388, 391, 393, 394, 396. 470, 476, S06, 507
509, S13, 535. 540. S5I, 555, S6o. 561. 562, III. 405. 418, 4S9
Brooks, James, II- 244
Brooks, Micah 1-631
Broom, Jacob • I- 'So
Broome, John I- 479, 4^5, 490
Brown, Charles F., IV- 782
Brown, Edward A., H. 245, 268, 281, 282, 284, 287
296 Constitutional History of New York.
Brown, Edward A., (2d), HI. 27, 68
Brown, Elon R III. 28, 31, 32, 33, so, 72. 73, 206, 213, 214
21S, 216, 219, 220, 223, 343, 345, 348, 3S3, 367, 373. 4SO
SS9, 654 6SS, 679, 683
Brown, Henry B , 11. 611
Brown, John W II. 105, 117, 140, 141. IV. 18, 172
Brown, William C, II. 245, 251, 3P3
Bruce, Benjamin F., II. 104, 119, 12Z
Bruce, M. Linn IV. 574
Brundage, Benjamin S., 11. 1061
Buchanan, James, II. 364, 365
Buckley, John W.,... I. 608
Budd, Col. Gil., I. 4S6
Buel, David, Jr I. 631, 651, 68a
Buel, Jesse, III. 514
Bull, Absalom II. 104
Bunn, Walter H II. 685
Burdett, George C, II. 470
Burke, Edmund, I. 475, III. 582, 583
Burnet, William I. 691, III. 144
Burr, Aaron I. 191, 609, 610, II. 132, III. 675
Burr, Isaac, II. 104
Burr, William P., III. 27, 89, 241.
Burrill, Alexander M., IV. 380
Burrill, John K, II. 244, 316, 324
Burroughs, David, I. 631, III. 91
Bush, George H III. 27, 199, 200, 224, 234, 236, 337, 645
Bush, Timothy, II. 684, 689, 696
Butler, Benjamin F., I. 635
Butler, Pierce I. 156
Butler, William Allen, II. 669
Cabot, Jean & Sebastian, I. ij
Cady, Daniel, II. 67
Index of Persons. 297
Cady, J. Rider, I. 696, III. 2S
302, 337, 367. 376, 378, 382, 383, 384, 38s, 386, 389,. 631, 632.
Caldwell, Luther, II. 247, 463, III. 675.
Calkins, Hiram, II. 471.
Cambreleng, Churchill C, II. 31, 188, 196, 197, 214
Campbell, Daniel D., II. 105.
Campbell, Douglas, III. 476, 481
Campbell, James P., III. 27, 556
Campbell, Lord III. 58
Campbell, Nathaniel, I. 609
Campbell, Robert, Jr., II. 106
Candee, Julius, II. 105
Canterbury, Archbishop of, III. 48a
Canterbury, Stephen, Archbishop of (Magna Charta), I. yj, go, 93
Cantine, John, I. 575, 609
Cantine, Matthew, I. 486, 563
Cariyle, Thomas, II. 213
Carpenter, B. Piatt, II. 244, 304
Carpenter, Matthew, I. 632, 684, 687
Carpenter, Moses, I. 6og.
Carr, Lewis E., II. 684
Carroll, Charles I. 113.
Carroll, Daniel, I. 150.
Carroll, Nathaniel I. 129
Carter, James C II. 669, 684, 696, 717.
Carter, Jonathan W., III. 28, 130, 557
Carter, Nathaniel H., I. 499.
Carver, Nathan, I. 63a
Case, Amari, I. 631.
Case, Lester M., II. 245.
Cassidy, Owen, III.,.28, 64, 217, 344, 377, S7<5, 577, 646.
Cassidy, William, II. 245, 296, 316, 338, 346, 47a
Catherine, Empress of Russia, II. 3I3.
Chamberlain, Calvin T II. 104, 17Q
Chamberlain, E. W., II- 547
Champlain, Marshall B., II. 244, 3S&
Champlin, George G., Jr. L Pref. xiv
Chapin, Alfred C, XL 66i, 662, 664, IIL 412, 5Q7
298 Constitutional History of New York.
Chapman, Orlo W., II. 470
Charles I I. 717, 718, 719, IV. 83, 155
Charles II., 1. Ift 22, 31,
434, 461, 723, III. 140, 144, Appx. 698, 712, IV. IS9, 167
Chase, Emory A., IV. 140
Chase, Samuel, I. 113. IV. 232
Chatficld, Levi S., II. 105, 127, 139, 181, III. 529
Chatham, Lord, 11. 16
Cheritree, Andrew J., II. 245
Chesebro, Henry O., II. 244, 273, 274, 410
Child, Salmon I. 632
Chipp, Howard, Jr., IIL 27, 109, no, in, 112, 352, 357,
Choate, Joseph Hodges, I. Pref. xi, 402, II. 684, 690, 696, 702, 714
71S, III. 25, 29, 49, 65, 13s, 206, 223, 292, 329, 336, 339.
344, 367, 386, 430, 431, 468, 469. 554. 557. 575. 576. 577,
637, 643. 64s, 656, 657, 666, 669, 673, 67s, 676
Church, Frank B III. 29, 72, 374
Church, Sanford E., II. 244, 261, 269, 282, 300, 301, 330, 340, 341
346, 387, 410, 481, IV. IS, 188, 380, 391, 639, 641, 772, 779
Clark, Abraham, I. 113
Clark, Daniel, I. 633
Clark, Freeman, IL 245
Clark, George W., IIL 28
Clark, H. Austin, III. 28, 305, 329, 331, 368
Clark, Myron H., IL 224, IIL 530, 546, 547
Clark, Sereno, H. los
Clarke, Ebenezer, I. 565, 576
Clarke, George '. IV. 461
Clarke, Jeremiah, L 485, 557, 57s
Clarke, Robert, L 630, 662, 684
Gierke, Thomas W IV. 203, 530, 532, 766
Cleveland, Grover, II. 512
IIL 277, 279, 326, 409, 411, 415, 422, 4S3, 601, IV. 477, 479
Clingan, William, I. 129
Clinton, De Witt, I. 410, 595, 601, 602, 603, 604, 609, 610, 616, 622
624, 626, 658, 659, 702, 703, 704, 705, 706, 707, 708, 709, 710
711, 712, 713, 752, II. 3, 5, 46, 6s, 78, 94, 132, 516, S97
598, 599, 600, 60s, 612, 626, 627, 650, 70s, III. 95, 2S3, 254
256, 383, 495. 5". 512. 566, IV. 463, 477, 478, 562, 563, 577
Index of Persons. 299
Clinton, George (Governor, Colony), III. 589. S9*»
Qinton George, (Governor, state), I. So, 4Si, 473. 474. 486.
564, 572, 573, 582, 584, 585, 587, 598, 601, 614, 693, 696, 697,
750. II- 93, S16, III. 247, 250, 486, 490. 492, 493. 494. Soi,
503. 504. 533. 565, IV. 463
Clinton, Georgte, Jr., I. 609
Clinton, George W., II. 246
Clinton, Sir Heniy, I. 36, 46
Clinton, James I. 609
Close, Odle, II. 470, 518, 563, 684
Clyde, George C, II. 104
Clyde, Joseph I. 631,
Clyde, Samuel, I. 576
Clymer, George, I. 113, 150
Cochran, Robert, II. 244, 377,
Cochran, W. Bourke, II. 684 689, 690, 696, 718
Cochran, William H., III. 26, 88, 226, 310, 333, 603, 604, 647.
Coe, Benjamin, I. 571, 573.
Coe, (Mrs.) Ellen F I. Pref. xv
Coeymans, Andries Pieters, IV. 4291
Coffin, Alexander, I. 608
Coke, Lord, I. 64, IV. 86
Colden, Cadwallader (colony), I. 691, II. 532, III. 498, Appx. 711,
IV. 462, 492
Colden, Cadwallader, (state), I. 706
Cole, Chester S IV. 398
Coleman, John, III. 28, 70
Collahan, Stephen I.,. ., II. 244
CoUes, Christopher, I. 694, 695
Collins, Ela, I. 631
Collins, John I- 128
Columbus, Christopher, Ill- 5I3
Colve, Anthony I I- 425
Colvin, Verplanck HI- 394 4". 442
Comstock, Adam, I- °°9
Comstock, George R, II- 244
248, 249, 250, 253, 260, 269, 270, 273, 274, 278, 287, 28ft
290, 292, 293, 294, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 304. 330, 335. 340,
342, 372, 373. 381. 384. 390, 393, 4". 42i. 481, IV. 188, 624
300 Constitutional History of New York.
Conely, William S., 11. lOJ
Conger, Abraham B., II. 244, 3161
Constant, Joseph 1. 19I1 HI- 675
Cook, James M., II. 105, 13Q
Cook, William B., Jr., I. Pref. xv
Cooke, Erastus, II. 244, 268, 278, 284, 41a
Cookinham, Henry J., III. 28L
130, 208, 209, 211, 223, 303, 337, 367, 456, ss8, 559, 674.
Cooley, Thomas M., IV. 18, 19, 108, 135
Cooney, John, III. 26
Cooper, Edward, II. 669
Corbett, Patrick, II. :245, 316
Cornbury, Lord, I. 656, III. 588, IV. 367,487
Cornell, Alonzo B., II. 512, 58a
587, 625, 647, 657, 658, III. 100, 276, 403, 407, 408, 453, 601
Cornell, Benjamin F., II. 104
Cornell, Ezra, II. 367
Corning, Erastus, II. 245
Cornwallis, Lord, HI. 490, 565
Cornwell, George R III. 28, 358, 359, 552
Corstiaensen, Hendrick, I. l&
Cortlandt, Philip, III. 142
Cosby, Col. William, L 445, IV. 461.
Coudert, Frederic R., 11. 684, 702
Countryman, Edwin, III. 27, 78, 232, 233, 234, 331, 337, 344, 577
Covenhoven, Nicholas, I. 485
Coventry, William, Bishop of (Magna Charta), I. 77
Cowen, Esek, II. 154, IV. 85, 257
Cowenhoven, Peter W., I. 456
Cramer, John, I. 632
Crane, Dr. Joseph, L 48s
Crane, Thaddeus I. 575
Crimrains, John D., III. 27, 206
Cromwell, Oliver, I. 719, III. 144, 145.
Crooker, George A. S.,. .II. 104, iii, 137, 156, 157, 210, 211, IV. s6s
Crosby, Abram C, III. 28, 206, 242, 29a, 352, 432
Cruger, Henry, St., HI. Appx. 712
Cuddeback, Lewis, , II. 195
Index of Persons, 301
Cullen, Edgar M., II. 262, IV. 121.
Curran, Eugene A., III. 26.
Curtis, George M., IV. 586, 587, 588
Curtis, George William, II. 243
291. 312, 346, 353. 361, 368, 370, 393, 395, 407, 409
Curtis, William E., IV. 8/
Gnyler, Jacob, I. 479, 485, 557, 563, 575
Ctiyler, John, Jr., I. S7S
D
Daly, Charles P II. 244, 248, 257, 27s, 344, 410
Daly, Joseph F., IV. 714
Dam, Jan I. 415
Dana, Federal, II. 104, 122
Dana, Francis, I. 128
Danforth, Azel W., II. 104, iii.
Danforth, George F., II. 261, 685
Danforth, George L., III. 27, 669
Daniels, Charles, III. 239, IV. 121, 226, 292, 789.
Darby, William, I. 700.
Darnel, Sir Thomas, I. 717, 7I9
Dartmouth, Earl of, IV. 492
Davenport, William B., III. 26, 73, 640, 648
David (Hebrew king), IV. 466
Davies, John C, HI. 28, 206, 21Q
Davis, Cyrus E., II. 470, 477, 542, 560
Davis, George A. III. 28, 31
Davis, Gherardi, HI- 45a
Day, Rowland I. 630
Dayton, Charles W. HI- 27
Dayton, Jonathan, !• iSo
Deady, John A HI. 27
dc Albinias, Philip (Magna Charta) I. 78
Dean, Benjamin S., '■'■'■■ ^9
49, 82, 84, 85, 102, 109, 113, 129, 130, 209, 211, 217.
230, 242, 301, 348, 384. 390, 473, 629, 633, 64s, 646, 647.
302 Constitutional History of New York.
Dean, Gilbert, II. 237, 239, 68q
Dean James, I. 609
de Athyes, Gerard (Magna. Charta) I. 73, 8&
de Burgh, Hubert, seneschal of Poictou (Magna Charta) 1. 78.
de Chancell, Engelard, Andrew, Peter, Gyon (Magna Charta)!. 73, 88
de Chastellux, Chevalier, I. 693
de Cygony, Gyon (Magna Charta) I. 73.881
Deering, Thomas I. ^
de Galloway, Alan, constable of Scotland (Magna Charta) 1. 78
Delaney, Oliver, III. Appx. 711
de Martin, Geoffrey and his brother (Magna Charta) I. 8&
de Martin, Matthew and his brother, Walter, his nephew (Magna
(Charta) I. 7J
Demers, George W IV. 582.
Demming, Solomon, I. 567.
de Nevil, Hugh (Magna Charta), I. 78
Denio, Hiram, II. 335, IV. 11, 202, 291, 332, 623, 745.
Denning, William, I. 485.
Dennis, Jonathan I. 56S
De Peyster, Nicholas, I. 609
de Roppel, Robert (Magna Charta), I. 78
Deterling, William, III. 26
De Tocqueville, Alexis II. 671
Devlin, John E II. 244, 394
De Vries, David Pietersen, I. 415
Dewey, Melvil, I. Pref. xiv., IV. 713
De Witt, Charles I. 473, 474, 486, 490, 495, 532, $6^
DeWitt, Simeon, I. 700, 702, 704
Deyo, Robert R III. 27, 559
Dickey, William D. III. 27,
67, 80, 130, 206, 308, 348, 357, 368, 371, 580, 641.
Dickinson, John, I. 129, 15a
Dietz, Johan Jost, I. 608
Dimock, Henry F. 11. 669
Dircksen, Gerrit I. 41S
Dix, John A., II. 471, 472, 473, 474, 491, III. 514.
Dodd, Edward, II. lofi
Dodge, William I I. 631, m. 44
Index of Persons. 303
Dolan, James, II. 131,
Dongan, Thomas 1-27,
31, 34, 62, 429, 433, 435, 436, 437, 450, 460, 462, 655, II
IS. 27, 275, III. 137, 482, 587, 612, 621, IV. 156, 36S, 486.
Doolittle, Theodore S., III. 477
Dorlon, Robert, II. 104, 119
Dom, Robert C. IV. 607
Doty, Lockwood R Ill, 28, 56, 57, 113, 304, 377, 391, 474
Douglass, Frederick, II. 306
Douw, Volkert P., I. 564
Drake, Gilbert, I. 486, 558
Drake, Samuel, I. 575
Draper, Andrew S., IV. 716
Drayton, William Henry, I. 129
Duane, James, I- 46
128, 48s, 491, 494, 495. 497, 499, S06, 5S0, 5S6, III. 492, 50a
Dublin, Henry, Archbishop of, (Magna Charta) I. 77, 93
Du Bois, Ann, I. 567.
Dubois, Jonathan, I. 632
Dubois, Peter K II. 104
Dudley, James M II. 47a
475, 477, 503, 554, 556, 560, 562, 564, III. 31, IV. 726, 789
Dudley, Joseph, I. 462
Duer, John I. 631, 635, 636, 677, III. 45
Duer, William I. 128, 485, 490, 564, 574-
Duganne, Augustine J. H II. 243, 292, 344
Dumond, Egbert, I. 564
Dunmore, Lord (John Murray) III. Appx. 696, IV. 492
Dunn, John, I. S^Sk
Dunscomb, Daniel, I. 485. 557. S7i, 575, 582
Durfee, Henry R. III. 28, 49, 134, 241, 312, 332, 381, 432, 558
Durnin, Eugene, Ill- 27
Dwight, Charles C 11. 245, 296, 305, 377. 378
Dwight, Theodore W., H. 245, 248, 391. HI. 459
Dyckman, Jacobus, I. 631
Dyer, William I- 427, 428
Dykman, Jackson O., IV. 276
304 Constitutional History of New York.
Earl, Robert, II. 261, IV. 380, 381, 671
Eastwood, Asa I. 63L
Eddy, John II. 24s, 371.
Eddy, Thomas, I. 702, 704, 705, 7061
Edgar, William, I. 609
Edie, Michael I. 576
Edmonds, John U IV. 168, 473, 744.
Edsall, Philip, I. 571, 575
Edward I., IV. 371,
Edwards, Ogden, I. 631, 636, 664, 690, III. 43, IV. 10, s6i-
Edwards, Samuel, III. 666, 66g.
Elizabeth, Queen II. 313,' 395
EUery, William I. 114, 12&
Ellicott, Joseph, I, 707
Elliott, Jonathan, III. 596.
Ellis, De Witt C, IV. 587, 588
Elmendorf, Lucas, I. 609
Ely, Lorenzo D., II. 24s
Emmet, William T., III. 27, 84, 310, 552
Emott, James, IV. 671
Endress, Isaac L II. 245
Evarts, William M., II. 243, 248, 252, 255.
256, 2S7, 260, 262, 278, 280,' 283, 317, 340, 341, 669, III 373
Faber, William A., III. jg
Fairlee, James, ; j g^l
Famum, Edward J., II. 245.
Farrar, Lysander, H. 470, 477
Farrell, Thomas J HI. 26
Fassett, J. Sloat,. II. 662, ^663, 680, III. 21, 283, 287
Fellows, Joseph, IV. 168, 169
Index of Persons. 305
Fenton, Jason I. 632
Fenton, Reuben E.,. .II. 228, 241, 243, 329, 330, 338, 375, 390, 606, 624
III. 97, 322, 459. S30, S3I, S42, 600, IV. 579, S82, 588, 642
Ferris, Augustus F., I. 630
Ferris, Thomas, I. 609
Ferry, Elijah E., II. 24s, 268, 411, 693, 695
Few, William, I. 150
Field, Ben II. 24s, 320
Field, Stephen J IV. 85
Fields, Andrew C, III. 27
Fiero, J. Newton, II. 684, 688, 696, 698, 718, 719
Finch, Francis M., II. 261, 470, IV. 688
Fish, Hamilton, I. 159, 161, II. 224, 225, 330, IV. 491
Fish, Howard I. 631
Fish, Howland, ' I. 626
Fisk, Bezaleel, I. 609
Fitch, Charles E HI. 29, 675
Fitch, George Elliott, I. 402
Fitzgerald, Frank T., : III. 26
Fitzgerald, Thomas W., III. 26
Fitz-Gerald, Warin, (Magna Charta) I. 78
Fitz-Herbert, Matthew, (Magna Charta) I. 78
Fitz-Herbert, Peter, (Magna Charta), I. 78
Fitzherbert, William, III. Appx. 711
Fitz-Hugh, John, (Magna Charta) I. 78
Fitzsimmons, Thomas, I. 150
Flagg, Azariah C, III. 538
Flagler, Thomas T H. 245
Flanders, Joseph R., II. 104, IV. 602
Fletcher, Col. Benjamin,. .1. 444, 46s. HI. 142, 588, Appx. 731, IV. 486
Flower, Roswell P H. 283, 512
582, 588, HI. 21, 22, 23, 24, 102, 109, 284, 298, 427, 453
Floyd, NicoU, HI- 26, 73. 306, 432, 656
Floyd, William, I. ii3, S70, 574. S82, 609
Flypsen, Frederick, I- 432
Folger, Charles J., II- 244, 248, 261
262, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 287, 298, 299, 300, 301. 3", 317
318, 340. 341, 345, 346, 368, 412, 415. 416, 588, IV. 381, 5S3
Vol. V. Const. Hist. — 20.
3o6 Constitutional History of New York.
Foote, Nathaniel, III. 28
31. 32, 33. 83, 103, 109, 113, 241, 329, 337, 359, 579
Forbes, Frances, III. 27, 57, 113, 364, 377. 432. 474, 575
Ford, Paul Leicester, 1-504
Forman, Joshua, I. 701
Forster, George H., II. 646
Forsyth, James C II. 106
Foster, Edward W II. 470
?oster, William, II. 547.
?owIer, Loring II. 245, 386
bowler, Robert Ludlow I. 46a
?^rancis, John M., II. 244, 411, III. 25, 62, 68, 290, 638
"■rank, Andrew, III. 26, 313
"■rank, Augustus, II. 244, 289, III. 25, 455, 457
"■ranklin, Benjamin, I. 113, 150
•■raser, Frederick, III. 27
•■reedman, John J IV. 184
•■robisher, Martin, II. 6ii
•"rost, Calvin, II. 684, 697, 717
'rost, Joel, I. 631.
'uller, Charles A., III. 28, 67, 305, 364, 371
'uUer, Jerome, II. 245
"uller, Oscar A., III. 29, 305
'uUerton, Stephen W., II. 244
"ulton, Robert I. 704
'unda, Jellis, I. 574
rale, John I. 609
alinger, Solomon, III. 26, 331
allatin, Albert, I. 702
ansevoort, Leonard,. .1. 188, 484, 494, 557, 559, 564, 608, III. 675
anson, John, II. 238, 239
ardiner, Samuel S., I. 221, III. 67s
ardner, Hiram, II. 105
Index of Persons. 2P7
Garvin, Samuel B., II. 244
Gates, Sir Thomas I. 17.
Gaynor, William J., IV. 100, 112, 689, 72S. 744
Gebhard, John Jr II. 105, 166
Geddes, James I. 702
Gelston, David, I. 486, 571, 575
George I., II. 305, III. 144, 147, Appx. 697, 712, 724, 740, 741
George III 3 Appx. 6g6
Gennain, Lord, I. 44
Gerry, Elbridge, (Mass.), I. 114, 128
Gerry, Elbridge T., II. 244, 388
Gibney, John III. 27, 72, 305, 306
Gibson, James, IV. 583
Giegerich, Leonard A III. 26, 206
Gilbert, Francis R., II. 685, 689, 697, 699
Gilbert, John I III. 25,
72, 79, 222, 242, 306, 328, 329, 330, 334, 337, 360, 472, 581
Gilbert, Sir Humphrey II. 611
Gilleran, Thomas III. 27, 553, 556, 559
Gilman, Nicholas, I. 150
Godkin, Edwin L II. 669
Goeller, Charles, III. 26, 74
Gooddle, William P III. 25, 67, 79, 134, 304, 432, 560, 657
Goodrich, Milo II. 245, 248, 249, 250, 266, 268, 272, 274, 693
Gordon, James, '. I. 575
Gorham, Nathaniel, I. 150
Gould, John Stanton, II. 244, 360, 369, 377
Gouverneir, Abraham, I. 465, 466, III. 588
Grady, Thomas R, HI. 278
Graham, George G., II- 106
Graham, James, *.....I. 439, 449, 461, 466, 11. 150
Graham, James P M- 67
Graham, John Lorimer Ill- 5^4
Graham, Lewis, I- 486, SS8
Graham, Robert, I- 575
Grant, John, H. 245
Grant, Ulysses S I- ^34
Graves, Ezra "• 245, 25i, 312, 38S
3o8 Constitutional History of New York.
Gray, John ainton, II. 261, 262, III. 199, 218, IV. 141, 740
Greeley, Horace, II. 243, 294, 303,
304, 312, 313, 318, 319, 320, 321, 346, 349, 3S0, 408, HI. 83
Green, Andrew H., III. 27,
61, 114, 237, 308, 348, 362, 391. 4S8, 582, 632
Green, Joseph I III. 27, 67, 68, 72, 114, 653
Green, Manly C III. 669
Greene, Alpheus S., 11. 104, 125, 166
Greene, George W., 11. 683
Greene, William C II. 685, 716
Greville, Lord, III. Appx. 711
Griffin, Daniel G II. 685, 696, 699, 717
Griffin, Marguerite E., L Pief. xvii
Griswold, John A III. 27, 291, 469, 655
Griswold, Stephen B., I. I'ref. xv
Gross, Magnus ., II. 244
Grote, George, I. 550, III. 489
Grover, Martin, II. 261.
Guden, Charles, IV. 725, 728
Guy, Charles L., III. 679
Gwinnett, Button, I, 113
H
Hadden, Thomas, I. 577, S78, 579
Hadley, Sterling G., II. 24S, 284
Haight, Albert II. 262, IV. 42
Hale, Daniel I. 608
Hale, Matthew, II. 245, 248, 267, 269, 411, 416, 421.
Hall, Lyman I. 113
Hallam, Henry I. 716, 717
Hallett, Jonathan I. 609
Hallock, John, Jr I. 631
Halsey, Silas, I. 608
Hamilton, Alexander, I. 130, 150, II. 16, HI. 495, 501
Hamlin, Frank H., III. 28, 73, 301
Index of Persons. 309
Hammond, Jabez D I. 60s, H- 132, HI. 317, IV. 359, 360
Hammond, John M., II. 245
Hancock, John, I. 112, 128
Hand, Samuel, II. 262, 669
Hand, Stephen D. II. 245
Hanson, John,. i I. 129
Hardenburgh, Jacob, II. 244, 480
Hardenburgh, Johannis G., : I. 575
Haring, John, I. 479, 485
Harnett, Cornelius, I. 125
Harper, Alexander, I. 568
Harper, Robert I. 46, 485, 516, 532, 547, 557, 563, 571, S7S. S82
Harper, William I. 486, 517, 532, 557, S97, 598
Harris, Ira, II. 104, no, 116, 118, 127, 214, 243, 31&
Harrison, Benjamin, I. 113
Harrison, John T., II. 105, 123, 136
Hart, John, I. 13
Hart, Orris, II. 105, 140, 141
Harvil, John, I. 129
Hastings, George S., IV. 582
Hatch, Israel T., II. 246
Hathorn, John, I. 575
Haviland, Samuel, I. 486
Hawks, Daniel I. 609
Hawley, Alonzo,. II. 104
Hawley, Charles A., III. 28, S6, m. "2.
233. 23s, 24s, 302, 304, 310, 332, 374, 469. 472, 473, 557, 5S8
Hawley, Gideon, III. 508
Hayes, Isaac I., I. 696, II. 605, 625,
636, 637, 638, 639, 640, 641, 642, 643, 64s, 646, 647, III. 383
Hazen, Caleb I. 608
Hecker, Joseph C, '. HI. 26
Hedges, David, I. 4S6
Hedges, Ira M HI- 27, 603
Hees, Jacob, 1-631
Hendricks, Francis II. 680
Henry II. (Magna Charta) ■■•I- 89, 90
Henry III., IV. 37»
3IO Constitutional History of New York.
Henry, John V., I- 608
Herkimer, John 1- 609
Herrick, D. Cady, IV. 194, 521, 759
Herzberg, Aaron, HI. 26, 660, 662
Heusted, Peter, I. 608
Hewes, Joseph, I. 113
Heyward, Thomas, Jr., I. "3. 129
Hicks, John I. 608
Higgins, Frank W., H. 310, 510, IH. 244, 451, 453. IV. 571
Hill, David B., ' II. S12, 581. 582
585, 587, 658, 659, 663, 666, 667, 68s, III- 3, 4, 7, 8, 9,
13. 14. 15. 16, 17. 18, 19. 20, 21, 22, loi, 132, 278, 280,
282, 283, 412, 420, 424, 444, 453. 661, IV. 479. 567, 7", 7ia
Hill, Henry W.,. .III. 28, 109, no, in, 112, 301, 303, 380, 556, 629, 64s
Hill, Sarah, I. 568
Hillsborough, Earl of I. 691, III. Appx. 711
Hirschberg, Michael H., III. 25, 371, 559, 578
Hiscock, Frank H., IV. 522
Hiscock, L. Harris, II. 245
Hitchcock, Adolphus F., II. 244.
Hitchman, William II. 244, 371.
Hoadly, George II. 684
Hobart, John Sloss,. . .1. 485, 490, SS5. 556, S57, 560, 563, 564, 577, 578
Hoffman, Anthony, I. 485, 564, 576
Hoffman, John T., II. 464, 465, 467,
468, 469, 473. 474. 4S2, 484. 489, 490, 495. 498. 502, 505,
S08, 511. 519. 521, 522, 524, 527, 528, 530, 531. 533. 534,
535. 557. 562, 566, 570, 571, 624, 629, 630, 632, 651, III.
98, 99. 273, ly. 456, 457, 471, SOS, 583, 585. 586, 588
Hoffman, Josiah Ogden I. 608
Hoffman, Michael II. 83,
104, 166, 170, 172, 176, 179, 180, 182, 207, 214, 215, 616
Hoffman, Murray IV. 61
Hoffnagle, Anthony I. S68
Hogeboom, James L I. 631
Hogeboom, Stephen, I. 608
Holcomb, Wright HI. 26, 90, 106, 582
HoUey, Myron I. 707
Index of Persons 311
Holls, Frederick W.,Iir. 25, 102, 131, 132, 301, 302, 307, 308, 328, 330,
463. 552, 554, S5S, 556, 558, 560, 578, 602, 628, 675, IV. 713
Holten, Samuel, I. 128
Honeywell, Israel, I. 609
Honeywell, Israel I. 609
Hooker, Warren B IV. 568, 569, 570, 571, 572, 573, 574, 575, 576
Hooper, William I. 113
Hopkins, Mr. (Dutchess County) I. 485
Hopkins, Samuel M., r I. 626
Hopkins, Stephen I. 114
Hopkinson, Francis, I. 113
Homblower, William B II. 684, 696, 717, 718
Horsemanden, Daniel, I. 462, III. Appx. 711
Hosraer, Titus I. 128
Hotchkis, Roswell, . ., I. 608
Hotchkiss, Henry D III. 26, 331, 343, 457, 638, 641, 642
Hotchkiss, William II. io6
Hottenroth, Adolph C.,..III. 27, 33, 69, 303, 306, 382, 385, 386, 580
Hough, Franklin B., III. 394
402, 403, 404, 408, 418, 420, 432, 442, 444, 487
Houston, William H., 11. 244
Howe, Henry III. 544
Howe, Parly E., I. 631
Howland, Horace V., II. 470, 475, 503, 542
Hoxie, Stephen, I. 608
Hubbard, John F., Jr., II. 470, 474
Hudson, Henry, I. 5, 18, 411, 45s
Humphrey, Thomas, I. 63a
Humphreys, Cornelius, I. 485
Hunt, John H., II. 105, 109, 121
Hunt, Ransom, I. 631
Hunt, Ward IV. 13
Hunt, Washington, II. 218
221, 223, 603, 622, 623, 626, III. 272, 530, IV. 468
Hunter, Elij ah 1-568
Hunter, James, I- 632, H- 33
Hunter, John II- 106, 166
Hunter, Robert, I. 466, III. 144, 482, IV. 367, 368
312 Constitutional History of New York.
Hunter, William Alexander, IV. 8
Hunting, Isaac, I. 631.
Huntington, Abel, II. 106, 214,
Huntington, Benjamin N., II. 245, 37L
Huntington, Edward, II. 105, 177,179
Huntington, Henry, I. 609, 631
Huntington, Samuel,. I- 114, 128
Hurd, Timothy, I. 630
Husted, James W., III. 6
Hutchins, Waldo, , II. 243, 248
Hutchinson, John L., II. 104
Hutson, Richard, I. 129.
Hyde, John, II. 104
I
Ingersoll, Jared I. ijo
Ingraham, George L IV. 80, 180, 204, 723, 777
Irving, Washington, I. 410, III. 513
Jackson, Andrew, II. 36, IV. 477
Jackson, James, Jr., II. 54^
Jackson, Samuel W., II. 470, 560
Jackson, William, I. 132, 150
Jacobs, Stephen B., III. 26", 209
James I I. 17, 18, 412
James II., I- 22, 31, 33, 36, 434,
435, 436. 437, 438, 461, 723, 726, III. 149, IV. 373, 4SS, 486
James, D. Willis, HI. 412
Jameson, John Alexander, I. 559
Jansen, Hendrick, I. 415
Jansen, Henry, I. 632
Index of Persons. 313
Jarvis, Nathaniel, Jr., .II. 244
Jay, Frederick, I. 571, 575
Jay, John I. Pref. xii., xiii., 46
471. 479. 48s, 490, 492, 493. 49S, 496, 497, 498, 499, 505, 507,
S13, SIS. S17, 524, S32, 533, 534. 535, 544. 545, 547. S48, S49,
550, 552, 553, 554, 556, 558, 559, 560, 563, S64, 574, 577, 578.
580, 586, 589, 597, 598, 599, 601, 605, 606, 607, 611, 614, 630,
634, 640, 651, 656, 677. 698, 750, II. 9, 206, 516, III. 157, 159,
247, 248, 285, 488, 489, 495. 501, IV. 17, 153, 374, 463. 495
Jay, Peter A. I. 630, 632, 635, 661, 662, 663, 665, II. 53i, IV. 601
Jay, Pierre,. I. 544
Jay, William I. Pref. xii., xiii.
Jay, William I. 496, 497, 498
Jefferson, Thomas, I. 113, 503, 504, 548, 670, 700
Jenifer, Daniel I. 150
Jenkins, John Stilwell, II. 132
Jenks, Almet F. III. 26, 88, 337, 631, 639, 641, 642, 648
Jennings, Judson T I. Pref.xv
Jenyns, Soame, III. Appx. 711
Jewett, Freeborn G., I. 249
John (Magna Charta) I. 29, 64, 65, 66, 67, 77, 717, IV. 370
Johnson, Alexander S., II. 262, 291, IV. 10
Johnson, Barna R., II. 470, 506
Johnson, I. Sam, III. 28, 85, 359, 381, 390, 458, 472, 653
Johnson, Jesse III. 25, 50, 105,
133, 305, 308, 337, 581, 632, 634, 63s, 636, 641, 64s, 648, 650
Johnson, Samuel, III. 498, 499
Johnson, Stephen H., II. 615
Johnson, Thomas, I. 462
Johnson, Sir William III. Appx. 711, IV. 158
Johnson, William Samuel , 1. 150
Johnston, Dunkin V. R I. Pref. xiv
Johnston, Prof. Henry P., .1. Pref. xiii
Johnston, Robert M III. 26, 303, 311, 581
Jones, Abraham, I- 57i, 575
Jones, David R. Floyd, n. 105
Jones, Elbert H., i- 631
Jones, John, I- S7o, 574
Jones, Samuel I- 249
314 Constitutional History of New York.
Jordan, Ambrose L., II. 104, no, 116, 117, 140, 141, 188, 189
Joshua, IV. 466
K
Keith, Rev. George, HI. 484, 485
Kellogg, Abraham L. III. 28, 70, 73, 30S, a", 3i2, 373, SS8
Kellogg, S. Alonzo, II. 684, 699
Kemble, Gouveneur, II. 105
Kenefick, Dani.l J., IV. 756
Kennedy, George N IV. 665
Kennedy, John A II. 105, 120
Kent, James, I. 59s, 606, 607, 624, 627, 630, 632, 633, 634, 643,
649, 662, 663, 664, 665, 680, 690, 715, 743, 745, 747, 754; II.
65, 108, 414, 527, 604, III. 43, 45, 46, 556, IV. 15, 22,
55. 57, 58, 61, 164, 165, 166, 203, 290, 303, 330, 555, 560, 600
Kerly, Archibald I. 609
Kernan, Francis, II. 244, 248, 344, 407, 409, 470, 542, 551, 560
Kernan, William, II. 106
Kernan, William IV. 714
Kerwin, Dennis P III. 27, 677, 678
Ketcham, Leander S., II. 245, 274
Kettletas, Rev. Abraham, I. 485
Kieft, William I. 414, 416, 417, 429, 443, 455, 456, 464
Kimmey, William, III. 27
King, John A., II. 232, 618, 619, 650, III. 97
King, Rufus, I. 150,
631. 63s, 662, 663, II. 64, III. S09, IV. 58, 557, 558, 559
King, Solomon, I. 609
Kingsley, Cyrus H II. 105
Kinkel, John C III. 26
Kinney, Oliver H. P., II. 245
Kip, Jacob, 1-457
Kirkland, Charles P., II. 105, 140, 143, 156, 189
Klock, Jacob G. I. 576
Knoulton, Luke I. 568
Index of Persons. 315
Knowles, John, I. 631
Knox, John I. 609
Koch, Joseph, III. 26
Krieger, Martin I. 456
Krum, Hobart, II. 245, 287, 371
Kurth, Charles J., III. 26
Kuyper, Tunis, I. S7S
Lambert, John S., IV. 280
Landon, Jonathan I. 485, 557, 574, 582
Landon, Judson S.,. .II. 245, 251, 260, 267, 294, 303, 316, 352, IV. 419
Langdon, John, I. 150
Langworthy, Edward, I. 129
Lansing, Cornelius I. 609
Lansing, Sanders, I. 631
Lapham, Elbridge G II. 245, 292, 303, 325
Larremore, Richard L., II. 244
Laughlin, Frank C, IV. 527
Laurens, Henry, I. 129
Lauterbach, Edward, III. 25,
50, 68, 73, 78, 80, 88, 90, 103, no, 127, 128, 129, 130,
131, 133, 207, 211, 213, 215, 293, 304, 307, 311, 312, 313, 373,
37S, 386, 4S9, 463. 464. 46s. 46<5. 467. 473, S75. 629, III. 652
Law, George, II. 244
Lawrence, Abraham, II. 245, 368
Lawrence, Abraham R. Jr., II. 244, IV. 20
Lawrence, Daniel I. 571, 575
Lawrence, John L., I. 631
Lawrence, Jonathan I. 485, 370, 574
Lawrence, Melitiah H II. 245, 388
Lawrence, Sir Soulden, IV. 143
Leary, Michael A., 11. 685, 714
Leavenworth, Elias W IL 470, 475, SSO, SSi. SS4, SS6, HI. 545
Learned, William L., IV. 68, 282, 707
1 6 Constitutional History of New York.
,ee, Francis Lightfoot, 1. 1I3. I29
,ee, M. Lindley,: II. 24S
ee, Richard Henry, .1. II3, izg
efferts, John, I. 631
eisler, Jacob, .1. 437, 465, 466, III. 147, 588
ester, Charles C, , III. 27, 88, 90, 580
eventritt, David, IV. 34
ewis, Ceylon H., III. 28, 630
ewis, Francis, I. 113. 128, 479, 485
ewis, Loran L 11. 631
ewis, Merton E., III. 28, 130, 371, 680
ewis, Morgan, I. 693, II. 516, III. 250, 504, SoS, S07, SoP. 5^6, IV. 463
ewis, Samuel, '.............. I. 609
ey, James & Son, IV. 384
'Hommedieu, Ezra, I. 486, 571, 575, 609
'Hommedieu, Samuel, I. 609
incoln, Abraham, II. 233, 336, 366
incoln, Charles Z., III. 29, 64,
73, 75. 78, 79. 82, 103, III, H2, 113, 130, 206, 214, 220, 221,
226, 227, 228, 234, 23s, 308, 345, 361, 373, 374, 662, 668, 669
incoln, Hugh, Bishop of (Magna Charta) I. 66, 77
incoln, Leroy A I. Pref. xvii
Ittle, Archibald, I. 485
Ivermore, Samuel I. 732
ivingston, Alexander, I. 632
ivingston, Gilbert I. 100, 485, 492, 513, 522, 557, 576, IV. 30, 84
ivingston, Henry, I. 564
ivingston, James,. I. 485
ivingston, Maturin, I. 609
ivingston, Peter R., I. 485, 556
ivingston, Peter R., I. 630, 649, 663, 670, 686
ivingston, Philip I. 113, 473, 474, 475, 485, sil, 522, 570, 574
ivingston, Robert R., I. 471, 485, 490, 492, 495, 496, 514, 522,
533, 534. 550, 552, 553, 554, 556, 557, 558, 560, 563, 564, 578,
587. 597, 607, 704, 744, 747, 748, HI- 488, 489, 502, IV. S5S
vingston, Walter, I. 564, 575
vingston, Walter L., II. 244, 260, 270, 281, 292, 294
vingston, William I. 150
Index of Persons. 317
Llewelin, son of (Magna Charta) I. 91
Lockwood, Ebenezer, I. 486, 558
Loew, Frederick W., 11. 244
London, Bishop of, I. 543, III. 482, Appx. 744, 745
London, William, Bishop of (Magna Charta) L 77
Loomis, Arphaxed,. .II. 82, 104, 117, 137, 139, 140, 141, 156, 171, 173,
175. 177, 186, 189, 190, 191. 3SS, 375. 536, IV. 564. 56S. 602
Lossing, Benson J., ,1. 693, 699
Lott, Abraham P., I. 485, S7i. 575
Lott, John A IL 669, IV. 387
Louis XV-I I. 695
Lovelace, Col. Francis I. 425, IV. 487
Lovell, James, I. 128
Low, Henry R., II. 236, 240
Lowrey, Charles II. 244
Lubbertsen, Fredrik, I. 415
Ludington, Clinton V. R., II. 244, 371
Lyon, George F., III. 28
Lynch, Martin F.,. .' I. Pref. xv
Lynch, Thomas, Jr., I. 113
Lyon, Thomas, I. 609
Lyttelton, Lord, III. 58
M
McArthur, Thomas W. III. 27, 433
Macaulay, Thomas Babington, I. 410, 718, 719
McCabe, Catherine IV. 406
M'Call, James I. 630
McClelland, Charles P., IIL 21
McClure, David, III. 27, 366, 429, 430, 433, 456, 457
McCunn, John H., .....IV. 585, S86, S88
McCurdy, Delos, HI. 27
McDonald, Angus II. 245, 268, 302, 328, 360, 390, 411
McDonough, John T HI- 25, 7°.
•287, 288, 289, 290, 297, 300, 302, 376, 381, 469, 472, 578, 603
McDougall, Alexander, HI- 492
3i8 Constitutional History of New York.
McHenry, James I. 150
Mcintosh, Ralph, II. 470, 560
Mclntyre, John G., III. 28, 106, 291, 332, 559, 560
M'Kean, Thomas, I. 113, 129
McKesson, John I., 484, 494, 497, 498, SS9, 571, 575
McKesson, John (2d.) III. 676
McKinstry, Louis, III. 29, 63, 82, 299, 300, 472, 581, 582
Mackintosh, Sir James, I. 716
McLaughlin, Chester B., III. 27, 345, 359, 367, 373, 578, 643
McLaughlin, James W., III. 27
McLennan, Peter B., IV. 146
McMaster, Guy, II. 470
McMillan, Daniel H.,. . . .III. 26, 244, 245, 307, 337, 376, 381, IV. 713
McNeil, Elihu M., II. 104
McNitt, John W., 11. 105
Macomber, Francis A IV. 330
McVean, Charles, IV. 274
Madison, James I. 150, 704
Magee, John II. 244
" Malcolm, Alexander, III. 484
Man, George I. 567
Manley, Lucius III. 26
Mann, Charles A., II. 616
Mann, George S., II. 105
Mantanye, William J., III. 28, 2H, 226, 242, 303, 307, 580, 656
Marchant, Henry I. 128
Marcy, William L., II. 17,
35, 36, 38, 40, 42, S6, 57, 66, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78,
94, 95, 326, 601, 626, III. 257, 259,- 269, Si4, Si7, S18, S19
Mareschal, John (Magna Charta) , I. 78
Maria Theresa of Austria II. 313
Mark, Philip, his brothers and Geoflfrey, his nephew (Magna
Charta) L 73, 88
Marks, Jacob, III. 27, 67, 69, 70, 310, 373
Marsh, Joseph, I. 485, 568
Marsh, William, I. 565
Marshall, John, IV. 170, 234
Index of Persons. 319
Marshall, Louis, II. 685, 698, 714, 7IS.
717. 723, in. 28, 64, 6s, 106, 113, 291, 292, 293, 301, 336.
337, 338, 343, 344, 455, 4S6, 4S8, 575, 6S4, 659, 663, 667, 668
Martin, Celora E., II. 261, III. 346
Marvin, Richard P.,. .II. 104, 129, 137, 157, 190, 191, 192, 211, IV. 565
Mase, William H., III. 27
Mason, George I. 503, 504, III. 596
Masten, Joseph G., II. 244, 248
Mather, John C, IV. 606
Matthews, John I. 129
Mattice, Manly B., II. 245
Maxwell, William, II. 104
May, Cornelis Jacobsen, I. 412, 455
Maybee, Jacob M. III. 27, 80, 241, 242, 372, 373
Maybee, Joseph, I. 568
Maynard, Isaac H., II. 262
Mercereau, Joshua, I. 571, 575
Mereness, Charles S., III. 28, 112, 230, 297, 362, 660, 662
Merril, Nathaniel I. 565
Merrill, William H II. 245
Merriman, Willis E., I. Pref. xvi
Merritt, Edwin A., II. 245, 317, 319, 320, 412
Merwin, Milton H., II. 245, 290, 291, 317, 319
Meyenborg, John B., .III. 26
Middleton, Arthur I. 113
Milfin, Thomas I. 150
Milikin, Peter I. 631
Miller, Cornelius I. 567
Miller, George D. IV. 399
Miller, John, II. 104
Miller, Mathias Burnet, I. 485, 557, 57i, 575
Miller, Samuel F. II. 24s
Miller, Theodore, II. 261
Miller, Warner, ^ II- 547, 685
Mills, John, I- 609
Mills, Zebediah, I- 4^6, S7S
Minuit, Peter, I- 12, 4^3, 443, 455
Mitchell, John, IV- i6l
320 Constitutional History of New York.
Molemaer, Abram, I- 4^5
Monell, Claudius L., II. 244
Monroe, James I- 660
Montgomerie, John II- 200
Moore, Charles H., III. 27, 82, 83, 113, 130, 242, 307,
308, 312, 348, 360, 373. 38s, 457, 4S8, 558, 648, 653, 654, 663
Moore, Ezekiel P., II. 24s
Moore, Sir Henry, I. 691, 692, IV. 539
Moore, James, I. 609
Moore, John I. 486
Moore, Usher H., I. 632
Moorhouse, Andrew, I. S76
Morgan, Edwin D II. 228, 330, 375, 619, 620, 623, 624, 627, 629
651, III. 97, 132, 272, 273, 598, 599, IV. 639. 640, 641, 642
Morrill, Justin S., .II. 363, 364, 365, 366
Morris, Gouveneur,. .1. 128, 150, 471, 478, 479, 486, 490, 494, 500, 504,
S05. 507. 512, S13, S14, 516, 522, 533, 534, 537, 545, 547, 548,
549, 552, 553, 554, 558, 560, 563, 575, 578, 579, 597, 656, 657,
693, 699, 700, 702, 703, 704, n. 650, III. 157, 159, 488, 489
Morris, Lewis, I. 113, 486, 564, 570, 574, III. 492
Morris, Lorenzo II. 470, 559
Morris, Robert I. 113, 129, 150, 699, II. 30
Morris, Robert H., IL 105, 113, 134, 139, 214, IV. 564, 565
Morris, Roger, III. Appx. 711
Morris, William H., II. 244, 325
Morton, Charles B., III. 26, 206, 332
Morton, John, L 113
Morton, Levi P.,. .. .II. 512, III. 243, 244, 298, 434, 436, 453, IV. 785
Motley, John Lothrop I. 410, III. 476
Mott, Lucretia, II. 306
Mullen, William M., III. 26
MuUin, Joseph, IV. 381
Mullin, Joseph (2d) II. 680, 681, III. 628
Mulqueen, Michael J., III. 27, 226, 638, 647
Munro, David , II. 105
Munro, Peter Jay, I. 630, 632,
634, 651, 652, 663, 665, 677, 681, III. 92, 93, IV. 557, 600, 602
Index of Persons. 321
Murphy, Henry C.,. .II. 104, 114, 129, 130, 199, 202, 203, 244, 274,
31S. 316, 353, 395, 4", 4i6, 480, 570, 677, III. 617, 618, 627
Murphy, Michael C, III. 7, 276
Murray, William, Jr., IV. 180, 233
Mynderse, Rinier, I. 574
N
Nanfan, John, IV. 157, 461, 487
Nellis, John II. 105
Nelson, Homer A., II. 244, 413, 684
Nelson, Peter, I. Pref. xv
Nelson, Samuel, I. 630, 633, 664, 690, II. 105, IV. 329, 758
Nelson, Thomas, Jr., I. 113
Nerney, May C, I. Pref. xv.
Newkirk, Benjamin, I. 48S
Nicholas, Robert C, II. 105, 131
Nichols, Asher P., IV. 649
Nichols, William H., III. 28, 87, 89, 103, 104, 105, 379, 385
Nicholson, James, I. 609
Nicoll, Mr. (Suffolk County) I. 486
NicoU, DeLancey, III. 26, 49, 225, 333, 334, 337, 638, 645, 650, 656, 657
Nicoll, Henry, II. 105, 127
Nicoll, William, : I. 466, 473
NicoUs, Mathias, , I. 432
NicoUs, Col. Richard, I. 24, 25, 423, 424, 443, 458
Niles, Jonathan I. 609
Nixon, S. Frederick, II. 311, IV. 574
North, William, , . . .1. 702, 704
Nostrand, J. Lott, III. 26
o
Oakley, Thomas J., II. 67
O'Brien, Denis II.-26i, 262, IV. 67, 728
O'Brien, John W., HI. 28, 88, 89, 91, 35i
Vol. V. Const. Hist. 21.
322 Constitutional History of New York.
O'Callaghan, Edmund B., I. Pre£ xi., 13, 418, III. 609
O'Conor, Charles, II. 105, no,
112, 113, 140, 142, iss, 180, 191, 193, 214, 215, 226, III. 114
Odell, Benjamin B., Jr.,. .III. 244, 438, 448, 449. 45i, 4S3, IV. 732, 789
Ogden, Thomas Ludlow, IV. 168, 169
O'Hara, Arthur K., IV. 658
Ohmeis, Joseph M., III. 26
Olcott, Peter, I. 485
Oliver, Andrew, IV. 492
Opdyke, George, II. 243, 360, 470, 477, 478, 479, 513, 542, 561
Osborn, Elias, L 608
Osborn, William Church, III. 27, 73, 206, 224, 308, 472
Ottendorfer, Oswald, II. 669
Outwater, Thomas, I. 485
Paca, Williani, I. 1 13
Paige, Alonzo C 11. 244
Paine, Ephraim I. 564
Paine, Robert Treat, I. 114
Palmer, Beriah, I. 609
Pandulph, Master, (Magna Charta), I. 76, 77, 94
Papelje, George .1. 415
Paris, Isaac, .1. 486, 574
Parish, John, I. 699
Parish, Russell, II. 104
Park, William I. 631
Parker, Alton B., II. 261, 262, III. 346, IV. 141, 242, 527, 728, 793
Parker, Amasa J., II. 24s, 248, 257, 259. 260, 263, 341, 373, 410, IV. 50
Parker, Charles E., II. 245
Parker, Myron L III. 28, 32
Parkhurst, John F III. 26, 89, 337
Parks, Arthur, I. 486, 574, 609
Parlee, Edmond -. I. 608
Parmenter, Roswell A, III. 27, 337, 348, 582, 660, 669
Parsons, J. Russell, I. Pref. xiv
Index of Persons. 323 '
Pashley, Charles L., III. 26
Paterson, William I. 150
Patterson, Edward, IV. 690
Patterson, George W., II. 104, iii, 140, 172, 178, IV. 565
Patterson, John, I. 609
Patterson, Matthew, I. 568
Paulding, William, I. 486, 492
Paulding, William, Jr., I. 631
Pawling, Levi, I. 486, 564, 574, 582
Peabody, Amos H., III. 27
Pearsall, Thomas E., II. 684
Peck, John H., III. 27, 33, 56, 206,
210, 290, 333, 340, 357. 3S9, 360, 470, SS3. 577, 579, 641, 642
Peckham, Rufus W., Sr II. 261
Peckham, Rufus W., Jr., II. 261, 262, III. 143, 198, 201, 202, 203
Pellew, William G., I. 605
Pembroke, William, Mareschal, Earl of (Magna Charta), I. 77
Pendleton, Edmund, I. 503
Penn, John, I. 113, 129
Penn, William, I. 460
Penniman, William, II. 105
Perine, Joseph, I. 609
Perkins, Bishop, II. 105, 139
Phipps, Charles L., III. 26, 109, 553
Pierrepont, Edwards, II. 244, 248, 345
Pietersen, Joachim, i. 415
Pike, Jarvis If, I. 630
Pinckney, Charles I. 150
Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth, I. 150
Pinhorne, William, I. 463
PJntard, John I. 706
Pitcher, Nathaniel, I. 632, IV. 478, 479
Pitt, William, (the younger), IV. 559
Plank, Abram, I. 41 5
Piatt, Jonas, I. 631, 634, 641,,
664, 665, 669, 676, 677, 684, 687, 702, 703, 70s, 743, 744, 746
Piatt, Jonathan, I. 486.
324 Constitutional History of New York.
Piatt, Zephaniah, .1. 48S, 534 S63. 564, 574
Platzek, M. Warley, III. 27, 67, 357, 363. 364, SS8
Polhemus, Theodorus, I. 48S
Pollock, Sir Frederick, IV. 143
Pond, Alembert, II. 245, 250
Pool, William, III. 28
Pope Innocent III., (Magna Charta) I. 78
Porter, Augustus, I. 630
Porter, James S.,... III. 28, 78, 210, 211
Porter, John K, II. 105
Porter, Peter B., I. 702, 704
Potter, Allen, II. 246
Potter, Piatt, IV. 376, 607, 608, 609, 610, 612
Poucher, William A., III. 412, 417
Powell, Henry A., III. 26
Powers, James, II. 104
Pratt, Charles R., III. 28, 291, 292, 305, 364 391
Pratt, Daniel, II. 470
Pratt, Daniel J III. 478, 484
Preston, Jonas M., II. 470, 550
Price, John, I. 631
Prindle, Elizur, II. 245, 268, 269, 341
Prindle, Horace G. IV. 583, 584, 588
Pringle, Benjamin, II. 470, 556
Prosser, Erastus S., II. 244, 394
Provoost, Rev. Samuel, I. 491
Pruyn, Robert H II. 470, 471
Pumpelly, Charles, I. 630
Putnam, Harvey W., III. 28, 105, 666
Pye, David I. 485
R
Radcliff, Jacob,... I. 631, 662, II. 64, III. 155, IV. 559
Raines, Thomas,. II. 68s, 689, 717
Randall, Henry S., III. 545
Randall, Thomas I. 485
Index of Persons. 325
Rapallo, Charles A., II. 261
Rathbun, George, II. 245, 355,
Ray, Henry, IV. 607, 608, 609, 610
Rayner, James, I. 609
Raynor, George H., III. 394
Rea, Matthew I. 486, 57s
Read, George, I. 113, 150
Read, Joseph, III. Appx. 711
Redman, James H III. 28
Reed, Joseph, I. 129
Reed, Thomas B., II. 582
Reeve, John, I. 631
Remsen, Henry, I. 479, 485
Reynolds, George R., II. 684, 689
Reynolds, William A II. 245
Reynolds, William W., I. 609
Rhinelander, Philip, Jr., I. 631
Rhoades, Elijah, II. lOS, 122, 130, 131, 187
Rich, Luther I. 609
Richard I., (Magna Charta), I. 89, 90
Richards, John I. 632
Richmond, Samuel,.- •• II. 104, 127, 129, 166, 188
Richmond, Van Rensselaer, II. 470, 541
Riggs, James W., Ill- 26
Riker, John L., II. 105
Roberdeau, Robert, , I- 129
Roberts, John, (England), HI. Appx. 71)
Roberts, John, IV. 217
Robertson, Anthony L., II. 244, 324
Robertson, James, I. 35. 4^. 48
Robinson, Hamilton W., IV. 676
Robinson, Lucius, II- 47°.
512, 513, S34. 542, 547, 549, S84, 595, 59<5, 625, 633,
634, 643, 656, 675, 678, III. 202, 27s, IV. 587, 588, 589-
Roche, William J., III. 27, 67, 68, 77, 78, 105, 131, 290,
299, 303, 304, 313, 351, 366, 371, 376, 377, 379, 582, 630, 647
Rochester, Benedict, Bishop of, (Magna Charta), L 77
Rockwell, Jeremy, ■'■• °32
326 Constitutional History of New York.
Roderick, George W., HI. 26
Rodgers, Rev. John, 1-491
Rodney, Caesar, I. 113
Roelansten, Adam III. 477
Rogers, Edward I. 631
Rogers, Henry, II. 244
Rogers, Peter A., III. 27, 304
Rogers, Sherman S., II. 470, 477, 479. 542, 556, 560
Rolfe, John P II. 244
Rollins, Daniel G., II. 684
Roosevelt, Isaac, 1-46. 48S, 57°, 574
Roosevelt, Theodore, I. Pref. iii.,
III. 244, 346, 434, 448, 453, IV. 457, 714, 71S
Root, Elias II. 245
Root, Elihu,. . III. 26, 70, 78, 90, 206, 222, 223, 238, 239, 240, 241,
242, 243, 244, 292, 302, 312, 337, 338, 339, 343, 350, 351, 352,
353, 357, 358, 359, 362, 363, 365, 366, 369, 37i, 372, 375, 470,
471, 558, 560, 576, 578, 579, 646, 669, 677, 678, IV. 566
Root, Erastus,. .1. 616, 626, 630, 634, 649, 661, 665, 679, 681, 683, 686,
7SI, II. S3I, III- 91, 92, 159, IV. 56, 57, S8, 359, 560, 601
Rose, Robert S., I. 632
Roseboom, Robert, I. 601, 602
Rosebrugh, James, I. 631
Rosecrantz, George, I. 608
Ross, George, I. 113
Ross, John Z I. 631, 661
Rouse, Jonathan, I. 609
Rowen, John, I. 576
Rowley, Edwin C, III. 27, 640
Rowland, Kate Mason, I. 504
Roy, James, II. 245
Ruger, William C II. 261, IV. 32, 291, 707
Ruggles, Charles H., I. 249,
II. 104, iio, 118, 140, 148, 149, iss, 20s, 211, IV. 113, 771
Rtimsey, David,. .II. 245, 250, 282, 292, 318, 320, 342, 350, 360, 369, 470
Rumsey, William, IV. 66, 82
Rush, Benjamin, I. 113
Russell, Abraham D., II. 244
Index of Persons. 327
Russell, Ebenezer, I. 576
Russell, John L. II. los, 119, 120, 177, 180, 211
Russell, Leslie W., II. 245, 371, 685, 690, IV. 271
Russell, Samuel, I. 630, 749, III. 160
Rutgers, Anthony, I. 485, 557
Rutgers, Henry, Jr., I. 571, 574
Rutledge, Edward I. 113
Rutledge, John I. 150
Ryan, John, I. 609
Saclcett, Nathaniel, I. 485
Sage, Ebenezer, I. 632
St. John, David B II. 105, 114
Salisbury, Aaron, II. 104, iii
Salisbury, William, Earl of, (Magna Charta), I. 77
Sammons, Thomas, I. 608
Samuel, (Hebrew judge), II. 264, IV. 466
Sanders, John, I. 601, 632
Sandford, Elliot, III. 26, 31/552, 553
Sands, Benjamin, I. 485
Sands, Comfort, I. 479, 485. H. 526
Sanford, Jonah, 11. 105
Sanford, Nathan, I. 631, 634, IV. 215, 382
Sanford, Reuben, I. 631
Santen, Lucas, I. 432
Sargent, Charles S HI. 412
Savage, Edward L 565, 609
Savage, John, • • -I. 677
Saxton, Charles T. H. 683
Schagen, Peter, IV. 154
Schaible, William G., L Pref. xvi
Schell, Augustus, H- 244, 470
Schenck, Abraham H, I- 631
Schenck, Henry, I- 48s
328 Constitutional History of New York.
Schenck, John, I. 48S, 57^, 609
Schoonmaker, Abraham, I- 6o9
Schoonmaker, Augustus, Jr., .111. 87
Schoonmaker, Cornelius C, I- 575
Schoonmaker, Marius, II. 24s, 318, 325, 356, 616, 617
Schoonmaker, Rev. Martinus, !• 49i
Schumaker, John G., II. 244, 296, 350, III. 26, 50, 206
Schuneman, Marton G., I- 608
Schuyler, George W., II. 634, 635, 636, 645, 653
Schuyler, Philip, I. 473. 474, 692, 693, II. 532
Schuyler, Stephen F. I. 575
Scott, John Morin, I. 46, 479, 485, 49°, S06,
522, 524, 525, 539, 546, 557, 560, S62, S7o, 574, S82, II. 524
Scott, William I- 485
Scudder, Nathaniel, I. 128
Seaman, John W., I. 609
Seaman, Nathaniel, I. 631
Seaman, Zebulon, I. 473
Sears, Thomas B., II. 106, 140
Seaver, Joel J II. 245
Seeker, Archbishop, III. 498
Seeley, John G., II. 131, 132
Seeley, Jonas, I. 632
Seger, Francis I. 280, III. 675
Semiramis, II. 313
Sessions, John, .1. 485
Seward, William H.,. ...I. IS7, 159, H- i7, 43, 57, 67,. 69, 71, 78, 79,
80, 82, 83, 96, 97, 98, loi, 155, 159, 354, 355, 601, 605, 614,
622, III. 96, 270, 519, 520, 522, 573, 574, IV. 710, 723, 730
Seymour, David L., II. 244, 356
Seymour, Horatio, II. 228, 237, 238, 239, 330, 623, 627, 628, 629,
647, III. 272, 321, 322, 324, 394, 542, 545, 546, IV. 641, 642
Sharpe, Peter, I. 631
Shaver, Peter, II. 104
Shaw, Daniel J., II. 104
Shaw, David, I. 609
Sheldon, Alexander, I. 631, 669
Index of Persons. 329
Sheldon, Elisha W., II. 104
SheMon, Wilson B., II. 244
Shepard, Edward M., III. 412
Shepard, Elliott R, II. 6S4, 698, 699, 718, 723
Shepard, Lorenzo B., II. 105, 177, 178, 179
Sherman, Richard U., II. 24s
Sherman, Roger, I. 114, 128, iSP
Sherwood, Isaac I. 485
Silliman, Benjamin D., II. 470, 514, 516, 517, 555, 568
Simmons, George A., II. 104, ii6„ 140, 179, IV. 60
Simmons, Stephen, I. 608
Sloughter, Henry I. 33, 34, 35, 36,
437, 439, 440, 444, 445, 451, 461, 542, III. 149, 482, IV. 486
Smit, Claes, I. 414, 429
Smith, Anning, I. 609
Smith, Arthur J., I. Pref. xv
Smith, Benjamin, I. 486
Smith, Carroll E II. 661
Smith, Elisha B., II. 104
Smith, Gabriel L. II. 685
Smith, George, I. 485
Smith, George, I. 486
Smith, George W., (Herkimer County) III. 406, 408
Smith, George W., (Oneida County), IV. 579, 580, 581, 582, 583, 584,
S88
Smith, Horace E., II. 24s, 250, 269, 349
Smith, James I. 113
Smith, James C, II. 685, 690, 696, 702, 714, 715
Smith, Jonathan Bayard I. 129
Smith, Joshua H I. 485, S04, SOS
Smith, Joshua, Jr., I. 609, 632
Smith, Mary A., I Pref. xv
Smith, Melancton, I. 564
Smith, Nelson III. 27,68, 133,290, 353
Smith, Richard, I- 632
Smith, Seth I- 568
Smith, Solomon I- 609
330 Constitutional History of New York.
Smith, Waters I- 485
Smith, William, Jr., (Chief Justice), 1-48,
462, 48s, 490, 557, 570, 574, III. Appx. 712
Smyth, John R, IV. 587, S88
Snell, Jacob 1-576
Snyder, Johannes, I. 575, S82
Solomon, (Hebrew King), III. 480
Sophia, Princess, III. Appx. 697, 698, 700, 703, 712, 713
Spaight, Richard Dobbs, I. 150
Sparks, Jared I. 699
Speer, William McM., III. 27, 632, 640
Spencer, Ambrose, I. 601, 602, 624, 626,
630, 633, 641, 643, 651, 662, 66s, 669, 676, 677, 68s, 686, 687,
743, III. 44, 46, 91, 267, IV. s8, 59, 70, 201, 362, SSS
Spencer, Edgar A III. 27, 237, 242, 358 371, 644, IV. 699
Spencer, Elijah II. 106
Spencer, George T II. 245, 263, 268, 269, 273, 353, 393, 396
Spencer, John C.,, I. 615
Spencer, William H., II. 104, 166
Spinola, Francis B., II. 646
Spooner, Paul, I. 565
Spragge, John, 1-432
Spring, Alfred, IV. 763
Spring, Nathaniel, I. 569
Springweiler, Philip W III. 28, 72, 290
Stagg, Peter I. 631
Stanton, Benjamin, II. 104
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, II. 306
Starbuck, James F., I. 280, II. io6, III. 675
Starkweather, Asa, I. 632
Steele, Abram B., III. 27, 106, 310, 373, 374
Steele, Hiram I. 631
Steele, Osman N., II. 20
Steele, William H III. 28, 29, 306
Stephens, John L., II. 105, 140, 156
Sterne, Simon II. 669
Stetson, Lemuel, II. 104, 139, 189, III. 212, 213, IV. 603
Stevens, John Austin, I. 559
Index of Persons. 331
Stevens, Simeon, I. 485, 557
Stevenson, Jan, III. 478
Steward, John, I. 609
Stewart, Lispenard II. 680
Stockton, Richard, I. 113
Stoffels, Jacob, I. 415
Stone, Thomas, I. 113
Stone, William L I. 499
Storm, Frederic, III. 26, 48, 49
Story, Joseph, IV. 10, 18, 268
Stoutenbergh, Isaac, I. 485
Stoutenburgh, John, I. 568
Stow, Horatio J II. 104, 122, 215, 234
Stranahan, Nevada N III. 679, 680
Strang, Joseph I. 564
Stratton, Norman, II. 244
Street, Alfred B I. 744
Strong, Enoch, II. 105, 120, 162, 187, III. 624
Strong, Henry W., I. 280, II. 106, III. 675
Strong, Selah B., II. 244, IV. 353, 769
Strong, William, IV. 291
Stuyvesant, Peter, I. 12, 13, 15, 22, 417, 418, 419, 420,
421, 443, 456, 457, 458, 464, 654, III. 478, 58s, 6", IV. 485
Sullivan, Thomas A., III. 28, 335, 666
Sullivan, William, III. 26, 206, 224, 579
Sulzer, William III. 22
Sutherland, David, I. 631
Sutherland, Jacob I. 632, 677, II. 67, IV. 59, 234, 359, 360
Sutherland, Josiah IV. 596
Swackhamer, Conrad II. 104, 123, 180
Swartout, Jacobus, I. 576
Swartwout, John, I. 706
Swift, Philetus, i. 631
Sylvester, Francis, I. 630, 677, II. 244
332 Constitutional History of New York.
Taft, Horatio N., 11. 106
Taggart, Moses, II. 104, ill, 129, TV. 60
Talbot, Capt. Mark I. 434
Tallmadge, James, Jr., I. 630,
663, 713, 749, II. 104, 139, IV. 58, 562, 600
Tallmadge, Matthias B., I. 608
Tappan, Abraham B. II. 244, 356
Tappan, Christopher, I. 486, 492, 557, 563
Tarbell, Jonathan, I. 568
Taulman, Peter, I. 609
Tayler, John, I. 484, 575
Tayler, John, (lieutenant governor), IV. 477, 478, 479
Taylor, George, I. 113
Taylor, John J., II. 106, 127
Taylor, Nathan, I. 630
Taylor, Robert, (New York), I. 485
Taylor, William, II, los
Taylor, William B., III. 394
Tekulsky, Morris III. 26, 48, 60, 303, 306, 632
Telfair, Edward, I. 129
Ten Broeck, Abraham, I. 473, 474, 475, 484, SS6, 564, S7i
Ten Broeck, Dirick, I. 574
Ten Broeck, John I. 484, 577
Ten Eyck, Egbert, I. 631
Ten Eyck, Jacob C. I. 564
Ten Eyck, John H., I. 564
Tennant, Albert C, II. 685, 689
Terwilliger, James, IV. 582
Thayer, Adin, II. 546
Thiel, Abraham, I. 568
Thomas, John 1. 475, 564
Thompson, John, I. 609
Thompson, Smith, I. 608, 610, IV. 243
Thompson, William I. 626
Thomson, Richard, I. 55
Index of Persons. 333
Thorn, Joseph I. 608
Thornton, Matthew, » I. ii3
Throop, Enos T., I. 209, II. 94, 621, III. 256, IV. 479
Tibbetts, Frank E., III. 28, 83, 230, 331. 332, 581
Tilden, Samuel J., II. 22,
23, 105, 127, 13s. 166, 191, 244, 408, 409, S12, 544, 584,
S9S, 624, 632, 633, 634, 652, 668, 669, 670, 677, III. 27s, 318
Titus, William Q. III. 27, 114, 374
Tompkins, Daniel D., I. 221,
451, 609, 610, 632, 650, 669, 682, 701, 703, 706, 745, 752,
II. 32, S16, III. 250, 251, 507, 566, 67s, IV. 57, 463, 477
Tompkins, Jonathan G., I. 486, 563, 564, 609
Townley, Richard, I. 632
Towns, Mirabeau Lamar, III. 26, 210, 559, 578, 643
Townsend, James) I. 485
Townsend, John J., 11. 470
Townsend, Martin I., II. 244, 318, 345,
360, 381, 384, 39S. 410, 420, 421, 684, 697, 717. 718, III. 462
Townsend, Peter, I. 609
Townsend, Samuel, I. 485, 490
Townsend, Solomon, I. 6og,
II. 105, 114, 244, 278, 293, 294, 360, 389, III. 132
Townsend, William, I. 632
Tracy, Benjamin, II. 262
Tracy, Cornelius L., II. 470, 519, 520
Tracy, John, I. 280, II. 104, 106, III. 675
Trafford, Thomas, I. 60S
Trapper, Herman F., III. 28, 666
Tredwelli Thomas, I. 485,
S14, 527, 533, 535, 537, SS7, 563, 57i, 575, 608
Tremain, Lyman, II. 131, 132
Tripp, David, I. 631
Truax, Charles H III. 27, 48, 63, 337, 553, 660, 669, 671
Truax, Chauncey S., HI. 27
Tryon, William, I. Pref. xi., 34, 35, 36,
37, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, SS, 4^7, 468, 479, 542, 656, 692, III.
34, 143, 147, 482, 48s, 486, 498, sgo, S9I, Appx. 695-757,
IV. 9, 159, 160, 162, 163, 175, 377, 378, 417, 455, 462, 483, S4o
334 Constitutional History of New York.
Tucker, Gideon J., II. 244, III. 27, 60, 61, 64, 71,
72, 80, 83, 84, 300, 310, 311, 374, 391, 602, 629, 630, 660, 662
Tomer, William III. 28, 630
Tuthill, George W., 11. 105
Tuttle, Jehiel, I. 631
Tweed, William M., I. 161, II. 63a
u
Ulshoeffer, Michael, I. 623, 626, 744
V
Vache, Alexander R, II. 105
Van Alen, James I., I. 608
Van Antwerp, Daniel L., I. 609
Van Benthuysen, John, I. 608
Van Buren, John D., II. 470,
474, 491, 492, 493, S06, S12, S14, 531, 562, 568
Van Buren, Martin I. 631, 633, 651, 664, 665,
681, 749, II. 33, 36, 94, 132, 527, HI. 92, IV. 58, 477, 479
Van Campen, George, II. 246, 303, 360, 373, 389, 390
Van Cortlandt, John, ..I. 485
Van Cortlandt, Pierre I. 473
474, 486, SS7, SS9, 562, 563, 570, 571, 573, 574, 582, IV. 463
Van Cortlandt, Pierre, Jr. I. 609
Van Courtland, Stephen, I. 432, 462
Van Cott, Joshua M.,. .II. 243, 248, 256, 289, 317, 338, 346, 408, 409, 669
Van Denbergh, Walter L., III. 27
Van der Grist, Paulus I. 456
Vandervoort, Paulus, I. 568
Van Dyke, Nicholas I. 129
Van Fleet, Joshua, I, 631
Van Gaasbeck, Abraham, I. 574
Van Gheel, Maximilian, I. 456
inaex of fersons. 335
Van Hatten, Arent, I. 456
Van Home, Abraham, I. 576
Van Home, Richard, I. 631
Van Houten, Roeluff, I. 575
Van Ingen, Abraham I. 608
Van Ingen, James, I. 191, IH. 675
Van Laer, Arnold J. F I. Prei xv
Vann, Irving G IV. 553, 734
Van Ness, William P I. 609
Van Ness, William W., I. 630,
633, 651, 664, 676, 684, 687, 744, IV. 555. 556, 607
Van Peyma, Charlotte J., I. Pref. xv
Van Rensselaer, Jacob R I. 630, III. 510
Van Rensselaer, Kiliaen, II. 10, 11, 13, IV. 154
Van Rensselaer, Killian I. 575
Van Rensselaer, Robert, I. 485, 575
Van Rensselaer, Stephen I. 608, 630, 702, 704, 707, II. 16
Van Schoonhoven, William H., II. 105, 116
Van Schaick, Anthony, I. 574
Van Tienhoven, Cornelius, I. 456
Van Twiller, Wouter I. 443, 455
Van Valckenburgh, Lambert I. 567
Van Vechten, Abraham, I. 630, 682, 683, IV. 601
Van Veghton, Anthony, I. 564
Van Wyck, Cornelius I. 485
Van Wyck, Theodorus W., I. 608
Van Zandt, Jacobus I. 485, 571, 575
Van Zandt, Peter P I. 48S, 557, 57', 575, S82
Vattel, Emer De, IV. 167
Veder, Jonathan, I. 568
Vedder, Commodore P II. 578,
III. 26, 207, 22s, 226, 231, 232, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240,
241, 242, 309, 310, 339, 341, 348, 353. 368, 578. IV. 491
Veeder, Volkert I. 486, 576
Veeder, William D., II. 244. 294,
350. 371, in. 26, 61, 211, 371, 384, 38s. 629, 643, 660, 66a
Verbtyck, Samuel G -I. 632
Verhulst, William, L 4I3. 455
336 Constitutional History of New York.
Vernor, John, , I. 6og
Verplanck, Isaac A., II. 246, 289, 291, 325, 379, 421
Verplanck, Philip, III. 142
Victoria, Queen, .II. 313
Vogt, Frank H III. 26
Vrooman, Peter, I. 575
w
Wade, Benjamin F., II. 365, 366
Waggoner, Peter, Jr., I. 609
Wakeman, Seth II. 245, 250
Waldo, Artemas B., II. 470, 474, 547, 685
Wales, Gideon, II. 244, 292, 293, 312
Wales, Prince of, III. Appx. 697, 698, 700, 703, 712, 713
Wallace, Hugh, III. Appx. 712
Walton, George, I. 113
Walton, John, I. 129
Walworth, Reuben H., I. 206, 209, IV. 59, 229, 276
Ward, Aaron, II. 106
Ward, Hamilton, II. 68s, 688
Ward, Jonathan, I. 632
Ward, Stephen, I. 564
Warren, Perry, II. 105
Warren, William, Earl of, I. 77
Washington, George, I. 50, 132, 150, 693
Waterbury, David S., II. 104, 122, 123
Waterbury, Nelson J., III. 27
Watts, John III. Appx. 711
Watson, Elkanah, I. 696
Webb, De Witt, II. 660
Webster, Alexander, I. 485, 557, 574, 582
Webster, Alpheus, I. 631
Webster, Daniel, II. 262
Webster, Elizur, I. 631
Weed. Ithamer I. 608
Index of Persons. 337
Weed, Smith M, II. 244, 289, 326, 407, 409, 487
Wellington, D. Gerry III. 28
Wendell, Henry J I. 564
Wendover, Peter H., I. 609, 631
Wentworth, John, Jr., I. 128
West, Peter I. 608
Westbrook, Theodoric R IV. 74
Westfall, Simon, widow of, I. 568
Wheaton, Henry, I. 631, 634, 664,
66s, 677, 687, II. 333, 334, III. 42, 160, IV. 58, 366, s6o
Wheeler, Melancton, I. 632, 677
Wheeler, William A., II. 244, 247, 413, 463, III. 394, 675
Wherry, Evans, I. 608
Whipple, William I. 113
White, Campbell P., II. log, 173
White, Ebenezer, I. 609
White, Henry III. Appx. 712
White, William I. 567
Whiting, William B I. 575, 582
Whitman, James M II. 685
Whitmycr, Edward C HI. 27
Whitney, Joshua, 11. 54
Whitney, William C, HI. 26
Wickes, Thomas, I. S7i> 575
Wickham, William II. 244
Wiggins, Henry W., III. 27, 630
Wilkinson, Robert F IV. 714
Willard, Horace K., II. 104
William III HI. Appx. 712
William, King of Scotland, I. 91
William and Mary, I. 33.
36, 436, 438, 461, 723- 726, HI. 141, IV. 83, 373, SSS
Williams, Arthur D HI. 26
Williams, Elisha I. 630, IV. 356, 357
Williams, George II- 245, 4"
Williams, Henry, I- 57i, 575
Williams, John, I. 129, 48S, 557, S6S, 574
Vol. V. Const. Hist. 22.
338 Constitutional History of New York.
Williams, Nathan I. 631, 677, 690
Williams, William, I- I14
Williamson, Hugh, I. 150
Willink, Wilhelm : , I. 698
Wilson, James I. "3, ISO.
Winchester, Peter, Bishop of (Magna Charta) I. 77
Wisner, Henry I. 485, 49°! S21, 532, 557, 574
Wisner, Henry, Jr., I. 486, S7S
Witbeck, Abram, 11. lOS
Witherspoon, John, I. 113, 128
Wolcott, Oliver, I. 114, 128
Wood, John J H. 105
Woodhull, Jesse, I. 564, 574
Woodhull, Nathaniel, I. 473, 474, 475, 484, 485
Woods, Francis H., II. 684, 716, 717
Woods, John W., I. 631
Woodward, Benjamin, I. 631
Woodward, Nathan A., III. 28, 66, 67, 71, 360, 470
Woodworth, Caleb, I. 6og
Woodworth, John, I. 624, 676, 677, 687
Wooster, Sherman, I. 631
Worcester, Walter, Bishop of, (Magna Charta) I. 77
Worden, Alvah II. 105, 108,
117, 127, 128, 140, 141, 178, 179. 207, 214, III. 54, 56, IV. 602
Wraxall, Peter, IV. 157
Wright, Amos II. 104
Wright, Silas, II. 7, 8, 18, 20, 21, 24, 72, 87, 90, 100, 102, 103
Wright, Maurice L II. 685, 702, 703, 718
Wright, William B.. II. 106
Wygant, Martin, I. 568
Wynkoop, Dirck, Jr., I. 564
Wythe, George, I. 113
Yates, Abraham, Jr., I. 484,
490, 494, 497, S14, 541, SS2, 557, S6o, 563, 574. S82
Index of Persons. 339
Yates, Henry Jr, I. 632, 664
Yates, Jacob, I. 609
Yates, Joseph C, I. 595,
624, 676, 687, 690, 711, 712, 755, ni. 95, 510, IV. 359, 360
Yates, Robert, I. 484, 490, 492, 521, 532, 541, 564 577, 578
Yawger, Peter, II. 104
York, James Duke of, I. 5, 17,
19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 31, 37, 62, 95, 422, 425,
426, 428, 430, 432, 433, 434, 437, 438, 460, 461, 542, II. 15,
III. 137, 140. 147, 149, IV. 9, 156, 159, 167, 365, 373, 455, 486
Young, Andrew W., II. 106, 111, 122
Young, John II. 25, 26, 334, 602
Young, Samuel, 1. 632, 662, 707, III. 43, 45, 159, IV. 57, 58, 560
Young, Solomon G II. 245, 318
Younglove, Moses, I. 608
Youngs, John, I. 432
Youngs, John, II. 106
GENERAL INDEX.
Abbott, Austin, definition of local law, IV. 382
Abbott, Vasco P., Convention of 1894, III. 28; remarks on
poolselling, 50 ; woman suffrage, 83 ; bipartisan election
boards, 130; pardons, council of revision, 310, 311, 312;
legislature, introduction of bills, adjournment, 311.
Abutting Owner, rights of, IV. 118.
Academies. See Education. University law, III. 496 ; ben-
efits limited, 503; not included in first common school
law, 504; number of, 509, 524, 549; instruction of
teachers, 512.
Accused, rights of, I. 154, 214, 227, 326, 733, 738; II. 292;
IV. 68; may have counsel, I. 154, 183, 214, 227, 327,
539. 733. 734, 73^ ; HI- 68 ; IV. 68, 72 ; to be confronted
with witnesses against him, I. 154, 738; II. 291; IV.
22, 30, 293 ; silence no presumption, IV. 82.
Acker, Milo M., Convention of 1894, III. 28 ; committee on
apportionment, 206; remarks on lunacy commission,
474-
Ackerly, Nathaniel S., Convention of 1894, III. 26 ; remarks
on probation of naturalized voters, 78 ; woman suffrage,
83 ; constitutional convention, district delegates, 663.
Act of Settlement, I. 725.
Action. See Cause of Action.
Adams, Charles D., Judiciary Commission of 1890, II. 685;
remarks on court of appeals, 689; election of general
term justices, 697 ; additional departments, 698 ; organ-
ization of general term, 699; judicial pensions, 714.
341
342 Constitution^ History of New York.
Adams, John, President, announces adoption of nth Amend-
ment, I. 155; opinion of First Constitution of New
York, 559; suggests Jay's election to Convention of
182 1, 630.
Adams, WilUam H., supreme court, opinion, civil service,
state prisons, IV. 512.
Addendum, amendments approved in 1905, V. 551.
Adgate Matthew, Convention of 1777, I. 485 ; motion for a
bill of rights, 490.
Adirondack Park, established, III. 394, 426. See Forest
Preserve.
Adirondack Park Association, recommends creation of state
park. III. 425, 445.
Admiral, governor's functions, I. 175, 200; IV. 455.
Admiralty, Federal jurisdiction exclusive, IV. 239; when
state courts have jurisdiction, 283, 307 ; Erie canal, 527.
Agan, Patrick H., member of state park commission 1872,
III. 394.
Age Limit, judges, prescribed, I. 178, 210, 289, 371, 535, 672;
IV. 590; Convention of 1821, I. 679, 682, 688; Conven-
tion of 1867, II. 251, 269 ; Judiciary Commission of 1890,
713; Convention of 1894, III. 364, 368; service by
judges after abridgment of term, I. 371 ; III. 368; IV.
590 ; notes on, IV. 598.
Agricultural Lands, leases limited, I. 230, 329; IV. 150;
colonial policy, II. 13 ; Van Rensselaer title confirmed,
15, 26; opposition to Van Rensselaer policy, 17; Gov-
ernor Seward's remarks on this policy, 17; Governor
Wright's message, 18 ; change of policy, 22 ; legislature
directs investigation of manorial titles, 26 ; limitation of,
116; Convention of 1894, III. 31.
Agricultural leases, limitation of term, I. 230, 329; II. 21.
24, 116, 293, 398; IV. 150; general articles, II. 10-27,
1 1 5-1 18; conditions in Van Rensselaer leases, 13; dis-
content among Rensselaerwyck tenants, 16; new form
in Rensselaerwyck manor, 16; anti-rent agitation, 17,
115; Governor Wright states issue between landlord
and tenant, 19; Governor Wright's recommendations,
20; distress for rent abolished , 21 ; rents reserved to be
General Index. 343
taxed, 21 ; Governor Wright recommends limitation of
term, 21 ; assembly committee's report, 1846, 23 ; assem-
bly passes limitation bill, 24; Governor Young's mes-
sage, 1848, 25 ; extent of leasehold interest, 25 ; Van
Rensselaer title confirmed, 26; Convention of 1894, III.
73 ; notes on, IV. 150.
Ainsworth, Danforth E., member of unification commission,
1899, IV. 713.
Albany (city), charter of, II. 200; III. 612, 622; donates
land for new capitol, II. 387 ; second class city charter,
571; lottery for military expenses. III. 36; lottery
for state house, 37 ; lottery for several purposes. III. 37,
39; inspectors of election in, 116, 119, 126; local ap-
proval of statute, IV. 220 ; ferries, 234 ; speed of steam-
boats at, 283 ; local law, 395, 409 ; Western avenue, ap-
plying other. statutes, 412; civil service, superintendent
of streets, 518; street improvement bonds, 686; separate
schools for white and for colored children, 707; bipar-
tisan police commissioners, 739.
Albany Argus, report of Mather impeachment trial, IV. 607.
Albany Basin, opened, 1823 ; first canal boat passes into Hud-
son river, I. 712; subject to legislative control, IV. 125,
256 ; validity of act sustained, 257.
Albany Bible Society, incorporated, II. 61.
Albany, Commercial Bank of. See Commercial Bank of Al-
bany.
Albany County, erected. III. 139 ; mentioned, I. 42 ; in Van
Rensselaer tract, II. 12; first assembly apportionment,
III. 138; apportionment of 1702, 141 ; representation in
assembly, 1774, 148 ; see Tables of Assembly and Sen-
ate Apportionments, 150, 168; grand jury law, IV. 72,
423 ; election of supervisors, local law, 422.
Albany Female Academy, incorporated, II. 61.
Albany Journal, governor's message in Smith case, IV. 583 ;
report of Mather impeachment trial, 607.
Albany Library, incorporated, II. 62.
Albany Normal School, incorporated, II. 62; III. 512; note
on, III. 522 ; name changed, 523.
344 Constitutional History of Nezv York.
Albany Register, cited, II. 132.
Albany & Schenectady Turnpike Company, incorporated, II.
63-
Aliens, not included in basis of legislative representation, I.
194, 19s, 236, 237, 342, 343, 639; II. 128; IV. 352; pro-
posed rule as to rights of, II. 293 ; title derived from,
294, 475 ; proposed elective franchise, 464 ; statistics as
to naturalized voters. III. 75 ; procedure on naturaliza-
tion, 77 ; eligibility to militia, 597 ; citizenship, children
of alien parents, IV. 30 ; attorneys, 207 ; property rights,
Tryon's instructions. III. 757.
Allegany County, erected, III. 174; assembly representation
in, 157. See Tables of Assembly and Senate Appor-
tionments, 150, 168.
Allen, Augustus F., Convention of 1867, II. 246; remarks
on taxation, 360.
Allen, Cornelius L., Convention of 1867, II. 246; remarks
on jurisdiction of county court, 272; consideration of
bills, 337; favors power to veto distinct parts of bills,
340.
Allen, Norman M., Convention of 1867, II. 246; senate,
chairman committee of the whole on amendments 1873,
480.
Allen, Stephen, Convention of 1846, II. 105; minority re-
port on municipal corporations, 199.
Allen, William F., court of appeals, opinion, definition of
Constitution, IV. 10 ; remarks on Christianity, 62 ; pre-
ambles recognize Christian religion, 5 ; municipal cor-
poration, scope of powers, 771 ; service in court of ap-
peals, II. 261.
Allodial Tenures, nature of estate, I. 229, 329, 742 ; IV. 149.
Alvord, Thomas G., lieutenant governor, testimony as to
contents of governor's message. Smith case, IV. 582;
Convention of 1867, II. 245 ; remarks on state sov-
ereignty, 290; escheated lands, 327; extra compen-
sation, 327; executive consideration of bills, 338;
vetoing items in appropriation bills, 340, 342; IV.
505 ; on formation of corporations, II. 372 ; new capi-
General Index. 345
tol, 388; Indians, 390; convention's power to fix time
of submission, 410; resolution authorizing delegates to
sign Constitution after adjournment, II. 412 ; III. 675.
Assembly, 1870, resolution in Judge Potter's case, IV.
610; 1872, bill for state park commission. III. 394; 1878,
motion to recommit the Hayes amendments, II. 643.
Convention of 1894, III. 28; chosen first vicepresi-
dent, 29.; on suffrage educational qualifications, 79;
powers of lieutenant governor, 233 ; referendum, 301 ;
repassage of vetoed bill, 311; disposing of canals, 376.
Ambassadors, President to receive, I. 145 ; jurisdiction of
supreme court, 146.
Amendments (state Constitution), method prescribed, I.
2I9j 274, 399, 751 ; IV. 794; when to take effect, I. 311,
401 ; II. 572 ; IV. 795 ; coincident amendments, I. 401 ;
III. 671; IV. 799; limitation under First Constitution,
I. 613; proposed changes, I. 615, 616; Convention of
1867, II. 382, 407; Commission of 1872, 565 ; vote nec-
essary to adopt, 576; Convention of 1894, III. 659;
adoption of, IV. 11 ; effect of, 12 ; when not retroactive,
179. 259. 428, 431-
Amendments of 1801, legislature reorganized, I. 56, 189,
610; council of appointment, powers construed, 56,
191, 610.
Amendments of 1826, suffrage, I. 56, 222; II. 3; justices of
the peace, I. 56, 222 ; II. 3, 5, 162 ; III. 167.
Amendments of 1833, duty on salt, I. 56, 223; II. 3, 6;
election of mayor. New York, I. 57, 223 ; II. 3, 6, 208 ;
III. 616.
Amendment of 1835, canals, duties on auction sales, I. 57,
224; II. 3, 6.
Amendment of 1839, election of mayor, I. 57, 224 ; II. 3, 6,
208; III. 616.
Amendments of 1845, abrogating property qualifications of
public officers, I. 57, 225; II. 3, 7; procedure on re-
moval of judicial officers, I. 57, 224; II. 3, 8; IV. 563.
Amendment of 1854, canals, I. 57, 319; II. 223.
Amendment of 1864, soldier vote, I. 57, 311.
346 Constitutional History of New York.
Amendment of 1872, commission of appeals, I. 58, 318.
Amendments of 1874, general note, I. 58; text of, 295-311.
See Commission of i8y2.
Amendments of 1876, superintendent of public works, I. 58,
312; II. 575, 595; superintendent of state prisons, I. 58,
313; II. 575, 583.
Amendment of 1879, supreme court, additional justices, I.
58, 314; II. 575.
Amendments of 1880, New York court of common pleas,
additional judges ; Brooklyn city court judges, detail of,
for supreme court, I. 58, 316; II. 575; judicial pensions,
I. 58, 317; 11. 575, 590.
Amendments of 1882, new general term, additional judges,
I. 58, 318; II. 575; canal tolls abolished, I. 58, 321;
II. 576, 649; taxation for canal purposes, I. 58, 322;
II. 576, 649 ; Black river canal not to be disposed of, I.
59, 322 ; II. 576.
Amendment of 1884, municipal indebtedness, I. 59, 323;
II. 576, 669. See Municipal Indebtedness.
Amendment of 1888, second division, court of appeals, I.
59. 315 ; n. 576.
Amendment of 1894, Kings county judge, I. 59, 318; II.
576, 590; III. 687.
Amendments of 1899, board of supervisors, New York, I.
60, 403 ; III. 679 ; additional judges in appellate divi-
sion, I. 60, 403 ; III. 679 ; relief of court of appeals, I.
60, 405 ; III. 345, 679 ; county indebtedness in New
York, I. 60, 406; III. 680.
Amendment of 1901, exemption from taxation, I. 60, 407;
III. 680; IV. 430.
Amendments passed twice but not submitted, gubernatorial
succession, 1850, II. 226; bribery, 1872, 466; prohibi-
tion, 1890, 576, 667.
Amendments rejected by people, equal suffrage for colored
persons, 1846, II. 213; equal suffrage for colored per-
sons, i860, 232; IV. 796; commission of appeals, 1865,
II. 229; IV. 796; revised Constitution, 1869, II. 419;
uniform taxation, 1869, 419; equal suffrage for colored
General Index. 347
persons, 1869, 419; additional justices for supreme
court, 1892, 576, 588; IV. 796; judicial tribunals to
determine legislative election contests, 1892, II. 576,
582; IV. 796; sale of salt springs, 1892, II. 576, 592;
IV. 796 ; forest preserve, 1896, III. 435 ; IV. 796.
Amendments submitted in 1905, additional justices of su-
preme court. III. 692 ; IV. 524, 796 ; appellate division,
powers of justices out of court. III. 692 ; IV. 536, 796 ;
state debts, how created, III. 692; IV. 636, 796; state
debts, how paid. III. 692; IV. 668, 796; improvement
of highways. III. 693 ; IV. 668, 796 ; New York water
debt. III. 692; IV. 685, 796; protection of employees,
III. 692; IV, 770, 796; amendments approved, V. 551.
Amendments to United States Constitution, general note.
I. 151; submission of first ten amendments, 151, 732;
New York ratifies, 152; (i) religious toleration, speech
and press to be free, right of petition, 153, 732; (2)
people may keep arms, 153, 732; (3) quartering sol-
diers limited, 153, 732; (4) unreasonable searches and
seizures, 153, 733; (5) indictment, twice in jeopardy,
personal and property rights, 154, 733 ; (6) accused en-
titled to speedy and impartial trial, 154, 733; (7) trial
by jury preserved, 154, 733; (8) bail, fines, and punish-
ments to be reasonable, 155, 733; (9) rights reserved
to people, 155, 733; (10) states reserve certain powers,
155, 733; (11) judicial power limited, 155; (12) elec-
tion of President and Vice President, 155; (13) slavery
prohibited, 1^7; II. 315; (14) rights of citizens, 157;
II. 315; representation in Congress, I. 158; disabilities
of persons engaging in rebellion, 158; public debts con-
firmed, certain claims not to be paid, 158; enforcement
of article, 159; (15) right of suffrage protected, 159;
New York ratifies, 160 ; attempts to rescind ratification,
161 ; II. 315, 317.
Amercements, Magna Charta, I. 83; Charter of Liberties,
Id.
American Forestry Congress, meeting in 1882, III. 401.
Amsterdam (city), incorporated. III. 619.
348 Constitutional History of New York.
Amsterdam Chamber, general powers, I. 413 ; establishes
municipal government in New Amsterdam, 418; pro-
motes education. III. 477.
Amusements, proposed local regulation of, III. 306; legis-
lative regulation of, IV. 5, 61, 67, 226, 277; discrimina-
tion at places of, 285 ; taxing licenses for, 316.
Anderson, Martin B., appointed member of Tilden cities
commission, 1875 ; declined, II. 669.
Andrews, Charles, Convention of 1867, II. 244 ; member of
judiciary committee, 248; remarks on appointment of
attorney general, 344; method of choosing county offi-
cers, 350; court of appeals, opinion, apportionment of
1892, III. 200, 202, 210; consolidation of corporations,
IV. 211 ; New York commissioner of jurors, 253 ; status
of inebriates' home, 704; special city laws, object of
provision, yyj; service in court of appeals, II. 261.
Andrews, George P., supreme court, opinion, secret voting,
IV. 196.
Andrews, Williams S., supreme court, opinion, sale of
canals, IV. 666.
Andros, Edmund, appointed governor of colony, I. 25, 425 ;
to appoint council, 25 ; courts to be continued, 25 ; sec-
ond appointment, 32, 436 ; goes to England, 427 ; inves-
tigates Van Rensselaer title, II. 15; number of militia,
III. 587; free press, IV. 141.
Angel, William G., Convention of 1846, II. 104; canal
propositions, 169.
Animals, notes on, IV. 91, 100; at large, 25^7.
Annals of Public Education in New Yorlc (Pratt), cited,
III. 478, 564.
Appeal, right of, not absolute, IV. 31, 293, 548; notes on,
100 ; in criminal cases, 233 ; legislature cannot give new
right, 325; Tryon's instructions. III. 727.
"Appeal session" of supreme court, proposed, II. 144, 267.
Appellate Division (supreme court), how constituted, I.
364; IV. 534; departments, I. 364; IV. 534; powers, I.
364 ; IV. 534; 538 ; judge not to sit in review of his own
decision, I. 366; IV. 539; clerk, appointment and re-
General Index. 349
moval, I. 376; designation of justices for, 60,403 ; III.
679,685; IV. 534; additional judges,!. 403; IV. 534;
Judiciary Commission of 1890, general term, II. 693;
historical note. III. 353 ; powers of justices out of court,
I. 403; III. 687; IV. 534 (amendment proposed, IV.
536, adopted, V. 551) ; notes, IV. 537 ; presiding justice,
538, 553; quorum, 538; terms and assignments, 539;
compensation, 592; clerks, 631.
Apportionment, historical note. III. 134; senate reappor-
tionment, IV. 345; notes on, 345; assembly apportion-
ment, 346.
Apportionment of 1892, note on. III. 192; considered in
Convention of 1894, 218 ; construction of, 192 ; IV. 345.
Apportionment of 1894, general article, III. 204 ; committee
on apportionment, 206; amendments proposed, 207;
group plan of assembly apportionments, 211, 214, 228;
Mr. Brown's plan, 213; committee's report, 216; de-
bate on amendments, 217; rules for assembly apportion-
ment, 229; plan adopted, 230; senate apportionment,
IV. 342.
Apportionment, assembly, colonial, I. 28, 38, 97, 440, 442;
III. 137, 138, 141 ; Charter of Liberties, 1691, III. 140;
act of 1702, 141 ; Governor Tryon's statement of, 148 ;
table of colonial assembly apportionments, 150.
Apportionment, assembly, state. First Constitution, I. 169;
III. 152; amendment of 1801, I. 191 ; Second Constitu-
tion, 194 ; Third Constitution, 237 ; amendment of 1874,
297; Fourth Constitution, 343; first constitutional
convention, 506; Commission of 1872, II. 487; under
Second Constitution, III. 159; apportionments under
Third Constitution, 162.
Apportionment, senate, state. First Constitution, I. 173;
amendment of 1801, 191; Second Constitution, 194;
Third Constitution, 236; II. 127; Fourth Constitution,
I. 341 ; Convention of 1846, II. 127 ; under First Consti-
tution, III. 168; under Second Constitution, 175; under
Third Constitution, 181.
350 Constitutional History of New York.
Apportionment, United States representatives in Congress,
I. 133. 158. . ^, ^
Apprentice, indentures, when questions under, not triable by
jury, IV. 42.
Appropriations, in colony, I. 42; III. 146, 707, 719; state
Constitution, when two-thirds vote necessary, I. 215,
229, 351; IV. 435; for canals, I. 262; regulated, 264,
352 ; IV. 439 ; general bills not to include other subjects,
I. 352; III. 244; IV. 440; Convention of 1846, II. 182;
III. 146 ; object of section requiring biennial appropria-
tions, II. 184; Convention of 1867, 321; vetoing sepa-
rate items of, 340, 342, 519; IV. 505 ; for charitable and
sectarian institutions, II. 393, 553; IV. 703; notes on,
IV. 439; secular education in charitable institutions,
719.
Appropriations, United States, regulated, I. 140.
Arbitration, compulsory, invalid, IV. loi.
Argal, Captain, visits Manhattan island, I. 18.
Armory, county may be required to maintain, IV. 767.
Armstrong, John J., Commission of 1872, II. 470 ; proposes
council of revision, 508.
Arnold, Charles W. H., Convention of 1894, III. 27 ; notice
of introduction of bills, 302 ; board of pardons, 310.
Arnold, Frank B., assembly, introduced convention bill,
1887, III. 7 ; senate, introduces convention bill, 1888, 20.
Amoux, William H., supreme court, opinion, attorney gen-
eral, additional compensation prohibited, IV. 508.
Arsenals. See Forts, Fortifications, and Arsenals.
Arson, degrees, classification valid, IV. 215.
Articles of Capitulation, New Netherland, at English con-
quest, I. 22, 421 ; III. 482 ; officers continued, I. 24, 422 ;
religious liberty, 26, 422 ; protection accorded to Dutch
residents, II. 125.
Articles of Confederation, general note, I. 115; ratification,
115; text of, 1 16-129; militia. III. 595.
Asbury African Church, lottery for. III. 37.
Assault and Battery, trial by jury, IV. 42.
General Index. 351
Assembly, colonial, people demand, I. 27, 426, 428; Duke
refuses, 27, 426; Duke grants, 28, 429; III. 137; first
meeting, I. 28, 432; III. 137; powers, I. 28, 430; III.
700 ; revived, I. 33, 437 ; governor's power over, 33, 38 ;
term of, 39, 453 ; III. 143, 147 ; not to be altered, 717 ;
last assembly, I. 44, 472; Charter of Liberties, 97, 98,
433. 439 ) III- 141 > immunities of members, I. 99 ; vacan-
cies, 100 ; first assembly, its records lost, 432 ; subsequent
sessions, 435 ; dissolved, 435 ; new assembly called, 435 ;
dissolved, 435 ; Dongan's second commission, no assem-
bly, 436 ; Governor Sloughter calls new assembly, 437 ;
Leisler's assembly, 437; Sloughter assembly meets,
438 ; general article, 441 ; money bills, 447 ; IV. 367 ;
asserts powers of Parliament, I. 447 ; III. 145 ; IV. 368 ;
governor's speech, I. 450 ; governor's power of proroga-
tion, 451 ; qualifications of voters, 453 ; III. 699 ; annual
meetings, I. 453; III. 146; apportionment of 1702, 141 ;
four territorial units of representation, 143 ; dissolution
of, 143, 146 ; long assembly, 144 ; annual appropriations,
146 ; Governor Tryon's report on, 147 ; table of colonial
assembly apportionments, 150. See also Apportion-
ment.
Assembly, Leisler's, called, I. 437 ; III. 147.
Assembly, state, Constitutions, I. 167, 168, 169, 192, 234,
334; IV. 334, 346; powers of, I. 171, 192, 193, 348, 515 ;
IV. 363 ; adjournment, I. 174, 240, 348, 523 ; IV. 364 ;
executive sessions, I. 174, 240, 348 ; IV. 364 ; limitation
of membership, I. 174, 524; power of impeachment,
182, 210, 239, 248, 282, 371, 673; IV. 598; reorganized,
1801, I. 189; Second Constitution, 192; III. 159; com-
pensation, I. 195, 238, 298, 346, 639 ; II. 132, 230, 320,
399, 466, 490, 580; III. 230, 303, 682; IV. 355 ; mem-
bers not to receive civil appointments, I. 195, 239, 298,
347, 615, 622, 639; II. 399, 491; IV. 356; disqualifica-
tions, I. 196, 239, 299, 347, 639; II. 492; III. 303; IV.
360 ; time of election, I. 197, 239, 348 ; IV. 361 ; quorum,
I. 171, 192, 239, 348, 515 ; IV. 363 ; districts, I. 237, 344;
II. 489; III. 157, 158; IV. 352; journal, I. 174, I93. 240,
352 Constitutional History of New York.
348 ; IV. 364 ; privileges of members, I. 240, 348 ; IV.
365, 607, 61 1 ; manner of passing bills, I. 240, 349 ; IV.
375; first constitutional convention, I. 501, 505; dis-
tricts proposed, 506; proposed election by ballot, 507;
qualifications of electors, 514; first convention appoints
members in certain counties, 570; first election under
Constitution, 572 ; first assembly organized, 575 ; list of
members, 575; action in Hadden case, 577; resolutions
relating to council of appointment, 602, 604; reorgan-
ized by Convention of 1801, 610; Convention of 1821,
672 ; Convention of 1846, II. 129 ; establishes single dis-
tricts, 129; jurisdiction of supreme court, 130; resi-
dence of candidates, 130; Convention of 1867, 319, 399;
when secretary of state may preside in, 399; Commis-
sion of 1872, 483 ; qualifications proposed, 483 ; contest-
ed elections, 576, 581; III. 304; IV. 363; apportion-
ments under First Constitution, III. 152; apportion-
ments under Second Constitution, 159; apportionments
under Third Constitution, 162; unit of representation
in, I. 507; III. 159, 212; apportionment of 1826, 160;
table of representative population, 162 ; table of assem-
bly apportionments, 165; apportionment of 1892, 192;
rules for assembly apportionment. Constitution of 1894,
193, 229; IV. 351 ; Convention of 1894, III. 204; pro-
posed additional district in New York, 683 ; judiciary
committee, 1905, investigates complaints against Justice
Hooker, report, IV. 570 ; members of, challenge against,
573 ; judiciary committee, 1853, report on power of im-
peachment, 603, 728; resolution, 1853, relative to the
power of impeachment, 604 ; judiciary committee, 1872,
evidence of misconduct during prior terms, 605 ; ques-
tion of privilege, Judge Potter's case, 607-612 ; general
supervisory power of, 612.
Assembly of XIX., Netherland, freedoms and exemptions,
I. 8 ; appellate jurisdiction, 413 ; slavery in New Nether-
land, 653.
Assessors, how chosen, I. 180, 536.
General Index. 353
Assistant Attorney General, office created, II. 528 ; qualifica-
tions of. III. 317.
Associated Manufacturing Iron Company of New York, in-
corporated, II. 59.
Athens, lottery for ferry to Hudson, III. ^j.
Atlanta Exposition, women as managers of, II. 310.
Attachment, sheriff's costs on, IV. no.
Attainder, prohibited, I. 140, 187, 547; public health law,
IV. 222.
Attica, local law, IV. 399, 430.
Attorney General, in colony, I. 41.
Attorney General, state, how and when chosen, I. 203, 245,
359. 671 ; II. 137, 344, 401 ; IV. 507 ; compensation, I.
245, 359; IV. 508; first appointment under Constitu-
tion, I. 564; term, I. 672; qualifications of, II. 344; ap-
pointment proposed, 344; proposition to appoint, II.
520 ; III. 313 ; historical note, II. 526 ; IV. 722 ; no extra
compensation in Code actions, IV. 508.
Attorneys, appointment, I. 179, 252, 553; colonial fee bill,
458 ; lien, trial by jury, IV. 49 ; admission of alien, 207 ;
witness to will, 325.
Auburn (city), incorporated, III. 619; local law, IV. 401.
Auburn & Owasco Canal Company, authorized to construct
canal, II. 53.
Auburn Prison, established, III. 251 ; management com-
mended, 257; "Auburn plan," 264.
Auburn & Rochester Railroad Company, state aid to, II. 99.
Auburn & Syracuse Railroad Company, state aid to, II. 97.
Auction, duty on sales, I. 57, 224, 708 ; II. 76.
Auditor General, note on, II. 525.
Austin, George C, assembly, 1897, amendment limiting mu-
nicipal indebtedness. III. 680.
Automobiles, registration of, IV. 228.
Axtell, Nathan G., Convention of 1867, II. 245 ; remarks on
Indian lands, 389.
Ayrault, Allen, Convention of 1846, II. 104; canal propo-
sitions, 169; remarks on corporations, 187; member of
select committee on corporations, 191.
Vol. V. Const. Hist. 23.
354 Constitutional History of New York.
B
Backus, Frederick R, Convention of 1846, II. 105 ; remarks
on claims against corporations, II. 181.
Bacon, Ezekiel, Convention of 1821, I. 631 ; remarks on civil
appointments of members of legislature, IV. 357.
Bacon, John F., secretary of Convention of 1821, I. 221 ;
attests Constitution, I. 221 ; III. 675.
Bail, Charter of Liberties, I. 102; United States Constitu-
tion, 8th Amendment, I. 155, 733; Third State Consti-
tution, 227; Fourth Constitution, 326, 738; IV. 65;
Convention of 1846, II. no; provision not applicable in
civil cases, IV. 68.
Baker, Hezekiah, Convention of 1867, II. 245; plan for
court of appeals, 250; remarks on supreme court, 269;
limiting introduction of bills, 325.
Baker, William H., Convention of 1894, III. 28; tolls on
Canadian products, 377, 380; canal improvement, 381.
Balcom, Ransom, supreme court, opinion, due process, com-
mitment to inebriate asylum, IV. 105.
Baldwinsville Canal, note on, II. 544.
Ballard, Horatio, Convention of 1867, II. 245; remarks on
commission of appeals, 263 ; opposes large senate dis-
tricts, 318; militia exemptions, 379.
Ballot. See Voting Machines. Suggestions in first conven-
tion, I. 507, 513 ; experiment proposed. First Constitu-
tion, 169; early legislation, 667; established, I. 199, 233,
333 ; II. 296, 429 ; IV. 196 ; discussion in Convention of
1894, III. 108; voting machines authorized, III. 108;
IV. 196.
Ballot Clerk, office established, III. 125.
Bank of Albany, incorporated, II. 31 ; state aid to, 93.
Bank of Columbia, Hudson, incorporated, II. 31.
Bank of England, foundation of, II. 197.
Bank of New York, incorporated, II. 30, 59, 61.
Bank of North America, incorporated, II. 30, 59.
General Index. 355
Bank of United States, legislature objects to renewal of
charter, II. 34 ; its aggressive policy, effect on financial
situation, 36; legislature opposes renewal of deposits
in, 37-
Bank Commissioner, office created, II. 34 ; abolished, 44.
Banking and Currency, special bank charter prohibited, I.
267, 382; IV. 676; specie payments, suspension of, I.
268, 382; IV. 676; registry of bills and notes, I. 268,
383; IV. 678; liability of stockholders, I. 268, 383; II.
373; III. 455; IV. 678; preference of bill holders, I.
268, 383 ; IV. 680 ; general article, II. 27-45, 195 ; in col-
ony, 27 ; state inherited colonial financial legislation, 29 ;
banks incorporated, 30, 31 ; state becomes stockholder
in banks, 30, 31 ; Federal decimal currency established,
31 ; free banking restricted, 31, 32; Governor Tompkins
protests against increase of banks, 32; Convention of
1821, 33 ; Governor Van Buren on renewal of charters,
33 ; safety fund act, 34, 43 ; office of bank commissioner
created, 34 ; circulation of outside bills limited, 34 ; Gov-
ernor Marcy on increase of banks, 35 ; recommends sale
of bank franchise, 35, 326 ; increase of bank capital, 36 ;
state aid to banks, 36 ; Bank of the United States, legis-
lature opposes renewal of charter and deposits, 34, 37;
legislative action as to use of small bills, 37 ; circulation
of small bills restricted, 38, 40, 42 ; Governor Marcy on
increase of banking facilities, 39; limitation on free
banking repealed, 40; specie payments suspended for
one year, 40; panic of 1837, 40; free banking law of
1838, 42, 43, 197; office of bank commissioner abolished,
44 ; proposed constitutional amendment as to liability of
bank stockholders, 44; financial situation in 1846, 44;
Convention of 1846, 195 ; proposed banking article, 195 ;
Mr. Cambreleng's speech, 196; plan adopted, 198; Com-
mission of 1872, 551 ; superintendent of banks, pro-
posed appointment, III. 313; proposed abolition of su-
perintendent of banks. III. 334; Convention of 1894,,
455; national banks, IV. 28; banks, legislative power,.
an; legislative power, by-laws, 219; tax on savings.
356 Constitutional History of New York.
banks, 227 ; deposit by foreign bank, 292 ; banking de-
fined, 676.
Bankruptcy, act of 1841 valid, IV. 22, 257 ; validity of New
York law, 257.
Banks, A. Bleecker, Convention of 1894, III. 27 ; on letting
public contracts, 391 ; limiting municipal indebtedness,
458, 630; limiting grants of franchises, 631; minority
report on cities, 640.
Baptist Theological Seminary, incorporated, II. 63.
Barbers, regulating business of, IV. 91, 278; equal protec-
tion of the laws, 226.
Barhite, John A., Convention of 1894, III. 28; commission
for evidence in criminal cases, 73 ; suffrage, educational
qualifications, 79; registration, 105.
Barker, George, Convention of 1867, II. 246; member of
judiciary committee, 248; remarks on commission of
appeals, 264; appointment of attorney general, 344;
Judiciary Commission of 1890, 685 ; organization of
general term, 697, 707 ; judicial pensions, 714, 715.
Barlow, Joel, poem, "The Vision of Columbus ;" prophecies
concerning canals, 1787, 1. 695.
Barnard, George G., justice of supreme court, impeachment
trial, scope of jurisdiction, IV. 605, 607.
Barrett, George C, supreme court, opinion, time of closing
polls, IV. 183 ; cities, object of classification, yyy.
Barrow, George, Convention of 1894, III. 28; apportion-
ment, 222 ; two-thirds bills, 303 ; canals defined, 377.
Bartlett, Edward T., judge of court of appeals, II. 262.
Bartlett, Franklin, Judiciary Commission of 1890, II. 684;
on election of general term justices, 699; general term
justices, powers out of court, 702.
Bartlett, Willard, supreme court, opinion, municipal aid for
charitable purposes, IV. 704; education is a privilege,
707 ; governor's power of removal, 725.
Barto, Henry D., Convention of 1867, II. 244 ; plan for court
of appeals, 251 ; limiting taxation for school purposes,
369 ; militia exemptions, 379,
General Index. 357
Bascom, Ansel, Convention of 1846, II. 105; suggestion as
to trial by jury, no; member of judiciary committee,
140; proposes "appeal session," 144, 267; minority re-
port on judiciary, 144; opposes plan to limit state debts,
177; favors conventions at regular intervals, 210.
Baxter, George, author of remonstrance, I. 420.
Bayard, William, chairman of City Hotel canal meeting,
1815, I. 705.
Beals, Oliver B., Convention of 1867, II. 245 ; proposed free
school section, 370.
Becker, Tracy C, Convention of 1894, III. 28; chairman
committee on apportionment, 206; remarks on appor-
tionment, 218; term of members of assembly, 225 ; sen-
ate representation in certain counties, 226 ; commission-
ers of jurors, 298; land under navigable waters, 305;
member of judiciary committee, 337 ; enlarging court of
appeals, 344; term of appellate division justices, 360;
governor's power of removal, 582.
Beckwith, Charles, Convention of 1894, III. 28; seat con-
tested, 606.
Beckwith, George M., Convention of 1867, II. 245 ; plan for
court of appeals, 250 ; source of convention's authority,
409.
Bell, James A., Convention of 1867, II. 245 ; remarks on bill
of rights, 289; fishing in international waters, 293;
formation of corporations, 372.
Bellomont, Lord, colonial governor, recommends bill to
facilitate conversion of slaves, I. 655 ; remarks on im-
portation of slaves, 655; extravagant land grants, II.
12 ; schoolmasters' licenses. III. 482 ; death of, IV. 487.
Benson, Egbert, first attorney general, I. 564; II. 527; new
council of safety, I. 582; appointed associate judge of
supreme court, 599.
Benson, Robert, secretary first constitutional convention, I.
484 ; secretary council of safety, 571 ; clerk of first sen-
ate, 574.
Bergen, Tunis G., Convention of 1867, II. 244; favors single
senate districts, 3 18; election of superintendent of public
358 Constitutional History of. New York.
works, 356; suspending work on new capital, 388;
minority report on Indian lands, 389.
Betts, James A., supreme court, opinion, effect of depositing
letters in postoffice, IV. 96.
Bible, use of, in schools. III. 561, 568.
Bickford, Marcus, Convention of 1867, II. 245 ; remarks on
age of voters, 301 ; senate districts, 318; veto power in
board of supervisors, 349; taxation of public property,
360.
Biennial Sessions of Legislature, Convention of 1867, II. 320,
321, 324; various amendments proposed, 580; not fa-
vored in colony, III. 146; Convention of 1894, III. 215,
226; subsequent propositions, 682, 691.
Bigelow, John, Convention of 1894, III. 26 ; remarks on pool
selling, 50 ; woman suffrage, 83 ; registration, 103 ; ap-
portionment, 210; opposes prison labor amendment,
290 ; notice of introduction of bills, 302 ; powers of cer-
tain state officers, 334.
Bill of Rights, proposed in first constitutional convention, I.
490, 727; general article, 715-743; defined, 715; in
Magna Charta, I. 716; IV. 83; statute of Edward III.,
I. 716; IV. 83; Darnel's case, I. 717; petition of right.
1628, 717 ; Cromwell's protectorate, 719 ; habeas corpus
act, 720; New York Charter of Liberties, 720; Decla-
ration of Right, 723 ; act of settlement, 725 ; New York
act of 1787, 728; IV. 84; in Federal Constitution, I.
732; Constitution of 1821, 733; New York Bill of
Rights in force, 1905, 734; Convention of 1846, II. 109;
married women, 112; Convention of 1867, 288; various
amendments suggested, 289 ; Commission of 1872, 474 ;
Convention of 1894, III. 30; text and construction of,
IV. 29-179. See also various particular titles.
Bills of Credit, in colony, II. 28; during Revolutionary pe-
riod, 28 ; in state, 30 ; defined, IV. 22.
Binghamton (city), incorporated. III. 619; confirming
street railroad contracts, IV. 429.
Bipartisan Election Boards, note on, III. 114; early election
laws, 115; political parties, representation in election
General Index. 359
boards, 117, 124-126; qualification of election officers,
118; political committees, right to nominate election
officers, I. 333 ; III. 124, 125, 127 ; Convention of 1894,
127 ; IV. 197.
Birdseye, Victory, Convention of 1821, I. 631 ; civil appoint-
ment of members of legislature, IV. 356.
Birkett, James W., senate, member of committee on cities,
report, 1891, II. 680.
Birthday, of New York, I. 558.
Black, Frank S., governor, emergency messages. III. 244;
forest cultivation, 400, 439; purchase of forest lands,
415, 436 ; plan of experimental forestry, 439, 446.
Black River Canal, survey ordered, II. 49; construction au-
thorized, 55; proposed continuation to new points, 51;
estimated cost of enlargement, 80; construction sus-
pended, 84; Convention of 1846 directs completion of,
172, 173; act of 1851, 220; sale proposed, 542; not to
be disposed of, I. 59, 322, 380; II. 546, 549, 576, 592;
IV. 664.
Black River Canal Company, authorized to construct canal,
II. 52.
Black River Company, authorized to construct canal or rail-
road, II. S3.
Blackstone, Sir William, English charters, I. 65 ; on bill of
rights, 715 ; powers of Parliament, IV. 201 ; definition
of police power, 276 ; origin of Parliament, 369.
Blake, Stephen S., Convention of 1894, III. 27; abolishing
capital punishment, 72; proceedings in divorce cases,
73; compulsory voting, 133; apportionment, 217, 226;
pardons, limiting governor's power, 311.
Blasphemy, how punished, IV. 55.
Bleecker Street & Fulton Ferry Railroad Company, private
or local law, IV. 392.
Board of Arbitration. See Court of Arbitration.
Board of Claims, created ; succeeded by court of claims, II.
326.
360 Constitutional History of New York.
Board of Internal Improvements, recommended by Governor
Seward, II. 78, 355; similar recommendation by Gov-
ernor De Witt Clinton, II. 78.
Board of Prison Managers, proposed, II. 377, 405, 464-466,
533. 584-
Board of Supervisors, powers, I. 241, 302, 353; II. 504; III.
305; IV. 447; special law prohibited, I. 300, 350; II.
497 ; IV. 415, 421 ; established, I, 302, 353, 403 ; II. 402,
502 ; III. 624 ; IV. 445 ; to erect assembly districts, I.
237> 345 ; II- 130; IV. 353 i Convention of 1867, II. 348,
408; veto power, 348, 350; administrative powers of,
351, 403, 583; Commission of 1872, 502; Convention of
1894, III. 303; home rule, 623; in Greater New York,
679; legislative power, IV. 219, 419, 448; article 3, sec-
tion 16, not applicable to resolutions, 380; local law,
390; highways, 419, 450; historical note, 445; Conven-
tion, 1865, relative to Civil War bounties, 643.
Boardman, Douglass, Judiciary Commission of 1890, II.
685 ; organization of general term, 697.
Bottling Acts, validity of, IV. 91.
Bouck, William C, governor, orders out militia in anti-rem
troubles, II. 19; on safety fund act, 43; judicial sys-
tem, 71 ; state finances, 85, 86; summary of railroad aid,
99 ; convict labor. III. 271 ; school administration, 522 ;
removes a sheriff and appoints his successor, IV. 723,
730; Convention of 1846, II. 105; canal propositions,
168.
Bounty, commercial, lottery to encourage cultivation of
hemp. III. 36 ; beet sugar, 36 ; silk, 270.
Bounty Debt, act of 1865, IV. 641-645 ; Convention of 1867,
II. 385, 405.
Bouvier, John, definition of Constitution, IV. 10; "local
act," 382.
Bowdish, John, Convention of 1846, II. 105 ; on free schools,
207.
Bowers, John M., Convention of 1894, III. 26 ; on registra-
tion, 105; bipartisan election boards, 129, 130; appor-
tionment, 225, 226; consideration and passage of bills.
General Index. 361
237; member of judiciary committee, 337; enlarging
court of appeals, 345 ; method of selecting general term
justices, 360; liability of bank stockholders, 457; city
self-government, 638.
Boyd, John G., senate, 1882, convict labor resolutions. III.
277.
Brackett, Edgar T., senate, 1898, amendment to re-establish
second division of court of appeals. III. 348; 1905,
chairman judiciary committee, report on legislature's
jurisdiction. Hooker case, IV. 573.
Bradley, George B., Commission of 1872, II. 470; compul-
sory voting, 478, III. 132; method of choosing mem-
bers of assembly, II. 488 ; III. 207, 213, 215 ; division of
towns and counties, II. 489 ; consideration of bills, 495 ;
sale of canal, people must approve, 542.
Bradley, Joseph, United States Supreme Court, opinion, lib-
erty of pursuit, IV. 85.
Bribery, at elections, I. 296, 331 ; II. 398, 481, 564; III. 84;
IV. 191 ; public officers, I. 309, 397; IV. 790; how pun-
ished, I. 310, 397; IV. 791 ; accused as witness, I. 310,
397; IV. 792; district attorney's duty, I. 310, 398; II.
380; IV. 793; disfranchisement as penalty for, II. loi ;
amendments proposed, 231, 464, 466; Convention of
1867, 379, 406; Commission of 1872, 481, 571 ; Conven-
tion of 1894, III. 84, 652.
Bridges, erection regulated, I. 300, 350, 408; II. 497; IV.
416, 430.
Briggs, Olney, Convention of 1821, I. 632; remarks on
negro suffrage, I. 664; religious toleration, IV. 58.
Brockport (village), local law, IV. 387, 392.
Bronson, Greene C., attorney general, opinion on prison
labor contracts, III. 268; supreme court, opinion, In-
dian title, IV. 167; powers of legislature, IV. 202;
judge reviewing his own decision, IV. 541.
Brooklyn, incorporated. III. 617; mayor and common coun-
cil authorized to construct canal, II. 54; inspectors of
election in. III. 116, 120, 121, 126; notes relating to,
IV. 91 ; garbage act of 1900, IV. 258, 278 ; local law,
362 Constitutional History of New York.
390, 392, 396, 398, 404, 406, 407; applying other stat-
utes, 413 ; soft coal, regulating use of, 429 ; civil service,
assistant w^arrant clerk, IV. 518; justices of the peace,
abridgment of term, 633; separate schools for white
and for colored children, 707 ; special tax collector, new
office, 750; justices of the peace, expiration of term,
787.
Brooklyn Bar Association, represented by counsel at legis-
lative trial of Justice Hooker, IV. 573.
Brooklyn Bridge, municipal aid for, IV. 690.
Brooklyn City Court, continued, I. 287; jurisdiction, 288;
detail of judges for supreme court, 58, 316 ; Convention
of 1867, II. 274; historical note, 277; judges not to
practise, 285 ; amendment proposed, 590 ; Judiciary
Commission of 1890, 707; city judge, jurisdiction of,
IV. 530; powers of city judge, 624; abolished, I. 367;
III. 362; IV. 543.
Brooklyn Constitution Club, definition of Adirondack, III.
395 ; volume of water in Hudson river, 414 ; recom-
mends forest preserve legislation, 418.
Brooks, Erastus, Convention of 1867, II. 244; on judicial
tenure, 257 ; surrogates' courts, 279, 281 ; on canal con-
tracts, 357, 540; proposes appointment of state asses-
sors, 360 ; expenditures on new capitol, 388 ; report and
speech on charities, 391, 393, 396; III. 459; Commis-
sion of 1872, II. 470; damages from sale of intoxicat-
ing liquors, 476 ; revision commission bills, 506 ; council
of revision, 507; governor's compensation, 513; ap-
pointment of state treasurer, 535 ; trustees and directors
of savings banks, 551 ; proposes section on state aid,
555; on directors in private corporations, 560; Cornell
University funds, 561 ; county treasurer not to hold
other office, 562; assembly, 1883, forest preservation,
III. 405.
Broome County, erected. III. 174; assembly representation
in, 158; see Tables of Senate and Assembly Apportion-
ments, 150, i68.
General Index. 363
Brown, Charles F., supreme court, opinion, special city laws,
IV. 782.
Brown, Edward A., Convention of 1867, II. 245; on judi-
cial districts, 269 ; surrogates' courts, 281 ; inferior local
courts, 284; method of choosing judges, 287.
Brown, Edward A. (2d), Convention of 1894, III. 27; trial
by jury, 68.
Brown, Elon R., Convention of 1894, III. 28; on drainage
3^> 32. 33; pool selling, 50; free press, 72; limitation of
leases, 73; committee on apportionment, 206; plan of
apportionment, 213 ; subcommittee on apportionment
amendment, 214; remarks on apportionment, 219;
court of appeals, reducing membership of, 343 ; supreme
court, additional justices, 353; judicial pensions, 367;
supreme court, temporary justices, 373 ; member of edu-
cation committee; remarks on school administration,
559; passes, 654, 655; senate, amendment enlarging
court of appeals. III. 345, 679; forest preserve, 450;
abolishing direct taxation, 683.
Brown, Henry B., United States Supreme Court, opinion,
admiralty jurisdiction, Erie canal, II. 611 ; IV. 527.
Brown, John W., Convention of 1846, II. 105 ; opposes limi-
tation of leases, 117; member of judiciary committee,
140; supreme court, opinion, legislative construction of
Constitution, IV. 18; court of appeals, opinion, Indian
titles, 172; other official service, II. 141.
Brown, William C, Convention of 1867, II. 245; plan for
court of appeals, 251 ; on residence of voters, 303.
Bruce, Benjamin F., Convention of 1846, II. 104; favors
equal suffrage, 119, 122.
Bruce, M. Linn, lieutenant governor, presides at Hooker
trial, 1905, IV. 574.
Buchanan, James, President, vetoes bill donating public
lands for educational purposes, II. 364.
Buel, David, Jr., Convention of 1821, I. 631 ; remarks on
suffrage, 651 ; judiciary, I. 682.
Buel, Jesse, regent, committee on instruction of teachers, III.
514-
364 Constitutional History of New York.
Buffalo, incorporated, III. 617; proposed canal to state line
near Warren, Pa.,' II. 51 ; inspectors of election in, III.
120 ; fire limits, rescission of resolution establishing, IV.
104; superior court, no jurisdiction in proceeding to
acquire outside land, 240; market ordinance, 284; local
law, 386, 394; applying other statutes, 412, 413, 414;
removal of police commissioners, 526 ; recorder's court
changed to superior court, 624; cannot pay for enter-
tainment of visitors, 693 ; schools for colored children,
706; commissioner of public works, how chosen, 761.
Buffalo & Black Rock R. Company, incorporated, canal tolls
imposed on, II. 613.
Buffalo Superior Court, continued, I. 287; jurisdiction, 288;
IV. 240; Convention of 1867, II. 274; historical note,
277 ; judge not to practise, 285 ; Judiciary Commission
of 1890, 707; Convention of 1894, III. 362; appeals
from municipal court, IV. 538, 544; abolished, I. 367;
III. 362; IV. 543.
Buildings, police power, IV. 277.
Bunn, Walter H., clerk Judiciary Commission of 1890, II.
685.
Burgomaster, functions, I. 456.
Burke, Edmund, agent of colony, I. 475; education the
cheap defense of nations, III. 582.
Burnett, William, colonial governor, dissolves assembly. III.
144.
Burr, Aaron, Vice President United States ; president Con-
vention of 1801, I. 610; nonresident delegate from
Orange county, II. 132 ; attests amendments, I. 191 ;
III. 67s.
Burr, William P., Convention of 1894, III. 27; voting status
of inmates of Soldiers' Home, III. 89; consideration
and passage of bills, 241.
Burrill, Alexander M., definition of "local," IV. 380.
Burrill, John E., Convention of 1867, II. 244; on negro suf-
frage, II. 316; minority report on legislative powers,
324-
General Index. 365
Burroughs, David, Convention of 1821, I. 631 ; conduct of
elections, III. 91.
Bush, George H., Convention of 1894, III. 27; apportion-
ment of 1892, 199; committee on apportionment, 206;
remarks on apportionment, 224; temporary president,
234; consideration and passage of bills, 236; member
judiciary committee, 337; cities, second passage of bill
by legislature, 645.
Bush, Timothy, Judiciary Commission of 1890, II. 684; on
court of appeals, 689 ; election of justices of the supreme
court, 696.
Business. See also Vocation. Oleomargarine, IV. 277, 282 ;
cigars, 277, 286; sales of merchandise in bulk, 278;
elevator charges, 278 ; plumbers, 278, 279 ; vinegar, 278 ;
Sunday barbering, 278; garbage, 278; food products,
278, 282, 284, 286, 289; trading stamps, 279; meter
rents, 279; real estate agents, 279; rendering, 284;
prizes, 286.
Butler, William Allen, member Tilden cities commission,
187s, II. 669.
Cabot, Jean and Sebastian, discoveries claimed by England,
I. 17.
Cady, Daniel, member of commission to revise judicial sys-
tem, II. 67.
Cady, J. Rider, Convention of 1894, III. 25; on canals, I.
696; referendum, III. 302; member of judiciary com-
mittee, 337 ; judicial pensions, 367 ; chairman canal com-
mittee, opposes transfer of canals to Federal govern-
ment, 376 ; on canal improvement, 376, 378, 382 ; classi-
fication of cities, 631.
Caldwell, Luther, secretary Convention of 1867, II. 247;
attests Constitution, II. 463; III. 675.
Calkins, Hiram, secretary Commission of 1872, II. 471.
366 Constitutional History of New York.
Cambreleng, Churchill C, Convention of 1846, II. 106; re-
marks on free banking, 31; corporations, 188; speech
on banking article, 196; character of Third Constitu-
tion, 214.
Campbell, Douglas, education in Holland, III. 476 ; English
Puritans, how affected by the Dutch, 481.
Campbell, James P., Convention of 1894, III. 27; on com-
mon schools, 556.
Campbell, Lord, House of Lords, 1846, introduces bill allow-
ing damages for injuries causing death, III. 58.
Canada, may join Union, I. 126.
Canadian Products, tolls on, see Canals.
Canajoharie & Palatine Bridge Company, incorporated, II.
61.
Canals, revenues and expenditures, I. 57, 260, 306, 319; II.
542, 644; superintendent of public works, I. 58, 312,
360; II. 356, 536, 575, 595 ; IV. 509; tolls abolished, I.
58, 321, 380; II. 576; IV. 667; taxation for canal debt,
I. 58, 322 ; II. 402, 576 ; Black river canal not to be dis-
posed of, I. 59, 322; II. 576, 592; IV. 664; rates of toll,
I. 216; duties on salt, I. 223, 224; auction sales, I. 224;
II. 6; canal commissioners, I. 245, 312, 707, 710, 711;
II. 78, 137, 538; III. 253, 313; commissioners of canal
fund, I. 246, 362; II. 137, 355, 401; IV. 513; sinking
funds, I. 259, 306, 379; IV. 657; appropriations for
deficiencies, I. 262, 322; not to be disposed of, I. 263,
306, 322, 380; II. 168, 172, 466, 541, 650; III. 688; IV.
664; railroad tolls, I. 262; II. 613, 618; contracts, extra
compensation prohibited, I. 305, 380, 401 ; II. 540, 593 ;
IV. 667 ; canal board, I. 247, 362 ; II. 137, 402, 535 ; III.
313; IV. 513; Main & Hamburg canal may be sold, I.
380; III. 376; IV. 664; improvement, I. 381; III. 378,
381, 382, 386; IV. 668.
Historical sketch, I. 690-713; early suggestions, 691-
696; first legislation, 696; navigation companies incor-
porated, 697, 698, 705, 709; navigation company com-
pletes canals, I. 698; state a stockholder in navigation
companies, 700, 705 ; tapping Lake Erie, 700 ; national
General Index. 367
aid, 700; United States Senate, resolution concerning
canals, 700 ; Forman resolution, 701 ; joint committee's
report, favors canals, 701 ; canal survey ordered, 702 ;
Secretary Gallatin's report, 702; canal commissions
created, 702, 704, 707 ; Clinton and Morris visit Wash-
ington to request national aid, 704 ; II. 650 ; City Hotel
meeting, 1815, I. 705 ; canal fund established, 707 ; con-
struction of canals authorized, 707; salt and auction
duties, passenger tax, 708; construction of Erie canal
begun at Rome, July 4, 1817, 708; Albany basin opened,
first canal boat passes into Hudson river, 712 ; De Witt
Clinton removed from office of canal commissioner,
1824, 712; Erie canal completed, October, 1825, 713;
II. 46.
Convention of 1821,1. 713; summary of constitutional
provisions, 715; effect of canals on state's financial pol-
icy, II. 45 ; Governor Clinton on completion of canal,
47; activity in canal enterprise, 48, 61 3; surveys ordered,
48-51; powers conferred on canal companies, 51-54;
certain canals authorized, 54-55 ; speed of canal boats
limited, 55; depth of original canal, 56; office
of canal appraiser created, 56; executive con-
sideration of, 56; Governor Marcy suggests en-
largement of Erie canal, 56, 76; completion of six
canals noted, 56, 76; Chenango canal completed, 57;
Governor Seward's summary of internal improvements,
1840, 57, 97; policy of 1842, 58; proposed constitutional
amendment confirming pledges of, 58; prospective self-
support, 75, 83, 165, 174, 182, 219, 597; estimated cost
of enlargement, 80, 83; canal construction restricted,
81, 84; canal bill of 1845, vetoed by Governor Wright,
90; review of canal project, 92; Convention of 1846,
165 ; committee on canals and finance, 166 ; proposed
canal article, 166; other suggestions, 168, 169, 170; de-
bate on canal article, 170; sinking fund, 173; summary
of article as adopted, 174; Governor Hunt's messages,
218, canal revenue certificates authorized, 1851, 220;
law declared unconstitutional, 221 ; amendment of 1854,
368 Constitutional History of New York.
223, 241, 627; contracts, 223, 357, 401, 402; various
amendments proposed, 224, 592; Convention of 1867,
353 ; canal auditor, 355 ; canal debt, 357 ; canal enlarge-
ment, 359 ; bridges, 384, 401 ; damages from use of
canals, 401 ; limitation of claims for damages, 401, 550 ;
lateral canals, 466, 542; Commission of 1872, 540; dis-
position of laterals, 546; lateral canal commission, 1876,
547; commission's recommendations, 547; abandon-
ment act of 1877, 548 ; four amendments between 1874
and 1894, 575 ; proposed transfer to Federal govern-
ment, 594, 649; III. 376, 381, 688.
Free canals, general article, II. 596 ; barge canal act,
1903, 607; III, 388; Federal jurisdiction of canals, II.
609; railroad competition, 612; reducing tolls, 625, 634,
644, 646; receipts from tolls in 1853, 629; canal debt law
rejected by people, 1870, 630, 632; free canal amend-
ments, 636 ; state should keep canals, 649 ; profit or loss,
653 ; statement of canal receipts and expenditures, 654.
Convention of 1894, III. 375 ; various proposed amend-
ments, 376; tolls on Canadian products, 377, 380; ele-
vator charges, 377; electrical power on, 381, 390; plan
adopted, 386; canal improvement act of 1895, 389; for-
ests, effect on water supply for, 398, 409; railroad on
route of, 688, 691 ; private property taken for, IV. 114;
sale of surplus water, IV. 438, 665 ; conditions in 1845,
637 ; bonding act of 1859, 639, 652, 653, 654, 655 ; bond-
ing act of 1870, 645, 652, 653, 655, 656; general de-
ficiency debt act, 1872, 646, 652, 653, 656; enlargement
act of 1895, 649, 652, 653, 656, 668; barge canal act,
1903, 649, 652, 654, 656, 668 ; Justice Andrews on pro-
hibition against sale of canals, 666 ; railroads on or near
canal lands, 666; no increase of price under contracts,
667.
See Canal Appraiser; Canal Auditor; Canal Board;
Various Canal Commissions; Canal Commissioners;
Canal Fund; Canal Improvement Commission; Com-
missioners of Canal Fund; Forest Preserve; Free
Canals; Lateral Canals; Various Particular Canals.
General Index. 369
Canal Appraiser, office created, II. 56; abolished, 402.
Canal Auditor, proposition to include office in Constitution,
n. 355-
Canal Board, how constituted, I. 247, 362; II. 137, 535;
III. 313; IV. 513; abolition proposed, II. 402; cannot
increase price under contract, IV. 667.
Canal Commission, 1810, appointed, I. 702 ; appropriation
for, 703 ; report, 703.
Canal Commission, 181 1, appointed, I. 704; report, 704;
requests national aid for canal project, 704; authorized
to acquire property and borrow money for canal pur-
poses, 705.
Canal Commission, 1816, appointed, powers and duties, I.
707; authorized to apply for outside aid in construct-
ing canals, 707.
Canal Commissioners, how chosen, I. 245 ; II. 137 ; under act
of 1817, I. 707; powers enlarged, I. 710, 711 ; Governor
Seward objects to official tenure, II. 78; authorized to
employ convicts. III. 253; office abolished, I. 312; II.
538; III. 313-
Canal Fund, established, I. 707.
Canal Improvement Commission, proposed, III. 377.
Canton, justice of the peace, IV. 626.
Capital Police District, created, act sustained, IV. 252, 746.
Capital Punishment, proposed abolition of. III. 72.
Capital, Convention of 1867, II. 386; Convention of 1894,
III. 390.
Carlyle, Thomas, comment on first French Constitution, II.
213.
Carpenter, B. Piatt, Convention of 1867, II. 244 ; on educa-
tional qualifications, 304.
Carpenter, Matthew, Convention of 1821, I. 632; proposed
judiciary plan, 684.
Carter, James C, member Tilden cities commission, 1875,
II. 669; Judiciary Commission of 1890, II. 684; on
election of general term justices, 696; gifts to judges,
717.
Vol. V. Const. Hist. 24.
370 Constitutional History of New York.
Carter, Jonathan W., Convention of 1894, III. 28; bipar-
tisan election boards, 130; supervision of common
schools, 557.
Cassidy, Owen, Convention of 1894, III. 28; on damages
for injuries causing death, 64; apportionment, 217;
court of appeals, proposing seven judges, 344; abrogat-
ing certain canal sections, 377; sectarian aid amend-
ment, 576, 577; cities, mutual interest in all parts of
state, 646.
Cassidy, William, Convention of 1867, II. 245 ; minority re-
port on suffrage, 296; on negro suffrage, 316; execu-
tive consideration of bills, 338; Commission of 1872,
II. 470.
Catskill & Canajoharie R. Company, state aid to, II. 97;
fails to pay interest, 99.
Cattaraugus County, erected. III. 174 ; assembly representa-
tion in, 157; see Tables of Senate and Assembly Ap-
portionments, 150, 168; local law, IV. 396.
Cause of Action, notes on, IV. loi ; private property in, 115 ;
summary judgment against corporation, 210; condi-
tional right, 294 ; revival, 303 ; tort, 303 ; vested rights,
324-
Cayuga County, erected, III. 172; see Tables of Senate and
Assembly Apportionments, 150, 168; reimbursement of,
for expenses in prosecuting offenses committed in Au-
burn prison, IV. 318, 435, 661, 692.
Cayuga Inlet, note on, II. 544.
Cayuga Lake, proposed connection with Erie canal, II. 48;
proposed connection with Susquehanna river, 49 ; canal
to Fall creek, 55.
Cayuga & Seneca Canal, construction authorized, II. 54;
completion noted, 56 ; canal to East Cayuga, 54 ; not to
be sold, I. 306, 322, 380 ; II. 541 ; IV. 664.
Cemeteries, regulating interments in, IV. 115, 211, 258, 279;
acquisition of land for, 135; ordinances, 219; associa-
tions, right to hold lands, 672.
Census, in colony, I. 463 ; III. 747 ; first Federal, I. 469 ; First
Constitution, 169; III. 152; Second Constitution, I. 194,
General Index. 371
639 ; Third Constitution, 236 ; Fourth Constitution, 341 ;
IV. 344; state census of electors, 1790, III. 169; duty of
legislature, IV. 346.
Chamberlain, Calvin T., Convention of 1846, II. 104; canal
propositions, 170.
Chamberlain, Edgar W., member of lateral canal commission,
n. 547-
Champlain, Marshall B., Convention of 1867, II. 244; minor-
ity report on canals, 356.
Champlain Canal, not to be sold, I. 306, 322, 380 ; II. 541 ;
IV. 664; condition of enterprise in 1821, II. 46; pro-
posed extension to Vermont line, 49; speed of boats
limited, 55; completion noted, 56; proposed improve-
ment of. III. 376.
Chancellor, not to hold other office, I. 179, 211, 535, 688;
term, 210, 672; power in appellate court, 209; tenure,
535; first appointment under Constitution, 564; com-
pensation, IV. 590 ; office abolished, I. 278.
Chapin, Alfred C, comptroller, recommends abolition of
common school fund, II. 661 ; III. 507 ; appoints forest
preserve commission, 1884, 412.
Charitable Uses, English statute not in force in New York.
IV. 177.
Charities. See also State Board of Charities. Education
of defectives, I. 308, 383; IV. 680, 708; charitable in-
stitutions, maintenance of inmates, I. 386; IV. 703;
formation of charitable institutions, II. 372; Judge
Comstock's observations, 372 ; Convention of 1867, 390 ;
Convention of 1894, III. 459; plan considered, 460;
rights of children committed to institutions, IV. 33 ;
gifts by nonresidents, 333 ; charitable uses, 528.
Charles I. (England), makes forced loan, I. 717; grants
Petition of Rights, 718 ; death of, 719.
Charles II. (England), restoration, III. 144; charter to
Duke of York, I. 19; death of, 31, 434; III. 140.
Charlotte County, mentioned, I. 42; no representation in
assembly, 1774, 148; eastern senate district, 168;
372 Constitutional History of New York.
changed to Washington county, i68; see Tables of
Senate and Assembly Apportionments, III. 150, 168.
Charter of Liberties, 1683, text of, with notes, I. 95-107;
religious toleration in, 27 ; description of, 433 ; IV. 373 ;
provisions considered, I. 720; IV. 40; cited, IV. 139;
grand jury, 69; freeman's rights, 83; vetoed, I. 435;
III. 140; 1691, enacted, I. 438; III. 140; religious tol-
eration in, I. 27, 439, 440; general provisions, 439:
grand jury, IV. 69; repealed, I. 441.
Charter, municipal, defined, IV. 391.
Chase, Emory A., supreme court, opinion, jury in highway
cases, IV. 140.
Chase, Samuel, United States Supreme Court, definition of
ex post facto law, IV. 232.
Chatfield, Levi S., Convention of 1846, II. 105 ; on number
of senators, 127; favors election of state prison inspec-
tors, 139; on claims against corporations, 181 ; attorney
general, opinion on free school law of 1849, HI- 529-
Chatham, Lord, letter to, concerning affairs in Rensselaer-
wyck, II. 16.
Chautauqua County, erected. III. 174; assembly representa-
tion in, 157; local law, IV. 396, 405 ; see Tables of Sen-
ate and Assembly Apportionments, III. 150, 168.
Chautauqua Lake, proposed canal to Portland, II. 49.
Chemung Canal, construction authorized, II. 55 ; comple-
tion noted, 56; proposed extension to Pennsylvania
state line, 50 ; sale proposed, 542, 546 ; abandonment act
of 1877, 548.
Chemung County, erected. III. 178; see Tables of Senate
and Assembly Apportionments, 150, 168.
Chenango Canal, survey ordered, II. 49; construction rec-
ommended by Governor Marcy, 76; construction
authorized, 54, 55 ; completion noted, 57 ; proposed con-
nection with North Branch canal of Pennsylvania, 50;
sale proposed, 542, 546; abandonment act of 1877, 548.
Chenango County, erected. III. 172; see Tables of Senate
and Assembly Apportionments, 150, 168.
General Index. 373
Chenango Junction Canal Company, authorized to construct
canal, II. 54.
Chesebro, Henry O., Convention of 1867, II. 244; on juris-
diction of county court, 273.
Children, power of legislature over property of, IV. 32, 295 ;
right to labor, 37 ; custody of, 279 ; in theatrical exhibi-
tions, 280; medical attendance for, 64, 280; disentan-
gling estates of, 332 ; Bill of Rights, I. 387 ; II. 205 ; IV.
706.
Children's Aid Society, supervision of industrial schools,
ni. 575-
Chipp, Howard Jr., Convention of 1894, III. 27 ; method of
voting, 109, III, 112; supreme court, additional jus-
tices, 352; appellate division, 357.
Chittenengo Canal Company, incorporated, I. 709.
Choate, Joseph Hodges, Judiciary Commission of 1890, II.
684; III. 336; jurisdiction of court of appeals, II. 690;
chairman committee on supreme court, 696; election of
general term justices, 702 ; designation of general term
justices, 702; judicial pensions, 714, 715.
Convention of 1894, III. 25; chosen president, 29;
opening address, 29, 135, 673 ; on bookmaking and pool
selling, 49; damages from injuries causing death, 65;
appoints committee on apportionment, 206; remarks on
apportionment, 223 ; opposes prison labor amendment,
292 ; appoints select committee on civil service, 329 ;
opinion of judiciary article, 339; on court of appeals,
344; judicial pensions, 367 ; taxation for canal purposes,
386 ; charities, 468 ; legislative regulation of University's
powers, 557 ; amending sectarian aid provision, 575 ;
cities, state not to abandon sovereignty, 637; minority
representation in city legislative bodies, 643; passes,
656; writ of prohibition in Trapper case, 666; signs
Constitution, 675 ; closing address, 676.
Christian Science, limitations of, under statute imposing
specific duty, IV. 64,
Church, Frank B., Convention of 1894, III. 29 ; court of ar-
bitration, 72, 374.
374 Constitutional History of New York.
Church, Sanford E., comptroller, 1859, protests against ap-
propriations in excess of revenues, IV. 639 ; Convention
of 1867, II. 244; minority representation in election of
judges, 269; on surrogates' courts, 282; qualifications
of voters, 300, 481 ; IV. 188 ; business at extraordinary
sessions, II. 330; opposes power to veto parts of bills,
341 ; committee report on new capitol, 387 ; convention's
power to fix time of submission, 410; court of appeals,
opinion, construction of Constitution, IV. 15 ; object qf
article 3, section 16, 380; definition of municipal charter,
391, 779 ; municipal corporation defined, 772 ; service in
court of appeals, II. 261.
Cities, local courts in, I. 255; incorporation of, restriction
of powers of, 268, 393 ; II. 201 ; IV. 770 (proposed
amendment, IV. 770, adopted, V. 551); district court
judges, I. 292, 375; special laws, referendum, 394; IV.
498, 650, 775; city officers, time of elections, I. 395;
IV. 786.
Convention of 1846, II. 198; various plans proposed,
199; Mr. Murphy's speech, 199; classification of cities,
201 ; plan of organization adopted, 203 ; construction of
railroads in, 323; Convention of 1867, 351, 404; Com-
mission of 1872, 566; home rule propositions, 569, 674;
general city laws, 570, 680 ; uniform city charters, 571 ;
minority representation in local boards, 660, 675 ;
Tilden commission of 1875, 669; commission's report
and recommendations, 670; III. 636; aggregate city
indebtedness, 1876, II. 670 ; separate election in, 671 ;
proposed article, 673; classification of, 674, 680; III.
628, 639; proposed amendments, II. 675, 680; senate
committee on cities, 1890, 677; mandatory laws, 670,
678; Convention of 1894, III. 304, 306, 605, 626; civil
service, 325, the final form of municipal development,
608; proposed article on cities, 632, 639; plan adopted,
650; enabling acts, 1895, 1900, 652; amendments pro-
posed subsequent to 1894, 689, 691 ; electrical subways,
IV. 268, 288, 413, 428; common council, ratification,
298; mayor's casting vote, 482; justices of the peace
General Index. 375
in, 621, 633, 745; recorders and city judges,
622; uniformity in method of selecting judicial
officers, 622; local courts, territorial jurisdic-
tion of, 625 ; action on city bills, 775 ; rules as to refer-
ence of city bills, 779-786; vacancies may be filled in
even-numbered years, 788.
City Hotel Canal Meeting, 1815, memorial to legislature,
I. 706.
Citizens' Rights, United States 14th Amendment, I. 157;
suffrage, 15th Amendment, 159; First Constitution, 173 ;
Second Constitution, 212, 734; Third Constitution, 226;
Fourth Constitution, 325 ; IV. 29 ; Gilbert Livingston's
amendment, I. 522 ; IV. 30 ; Bill of Rights, I. 735, 737 ;
military duty, 741 ; discrimination prohibited, 743 ;
further protection of, proposed, II. 293 ; Convention of
1894, III. 68; members of the state, IV. 30; accused,
rights of, 30; appeal, 31; corporations, 31; court-mar-
tial, 31 ; crimes, 31 ; education, 31, 291, 707; fire depart-
ment, 32; master and servant, 32; miners, 32; offices,
33; parties, rights of, 34; property, 34; public health.
35 ; race discrimination, 36, 285 ; suffrage, 36 ; vaccina-
tion, 36; vocation, 36; la.vf of the land, 27 > "lay
control his own estate, 89; discrimination, 224; use of
property, 285 ; agent of foreign insurance company, 291 ;
right to hold office, 293 ; remedy a matter of right, 302 ;
publication of judicial decisions, I. 258, 294, 376; IV.
632 ; justice to be speedily and impartially administered,
III. 726.
City Judge, not a constitutional office, IV. 622.
Civil Code, commission to prepare, III. 54.
Civil Damage Act, provisions of, II. 475 ; sustained, IV. 232,
258; police power, 281.
Civil Service, instructions to Governor Dongan, I. 28; in
Magna Charta, 29, 87 ; Sloughter's instructions, 34, 445 ;
III. 714; Constitution, I. 363, 743; IV. 515; Governor
Fenton on prison management, II. 375 ; prison commit-
tee's report, 1867, 375 ; Tilden cities commission's re-
port, 1877, 670; census enumerators. III. 17; qualifica-
tions of election officers, 1 18 ; historical note, 314 ; under
376 Constitutional History of New York.
First Constitution, 314; council of appointment, 315;
Convention of 1846, 318; school and election officers,
319, 324; general application of civil service principles,
320; Governor Seymour's observations, 1854, 321;
Governor Fenton's suggestions, 1866, 322; prison in-
vestigating commission, 1870, 323; senate prison com-
mittee, 1870, 323; prison law of 1889, 323; civil service
commissions, 325 ; Tilden cities commission, 325 ; Gov-
ernor Cleveland's message, 1883, 326; civil service act,
1883, 326; veterans, 326, 331, 684; IV. 226, 250, 292,
517, 521, 740, 780, 789; Convention of 1894,
III. 328; select committee appointed, 329; propo-
sitions considered, 329; plan adopted, 334; pro-
posed forest management, 416; proposed amend-
ments subsequent to 1894, 684; notes on, IV.
177, 515; commission cannot prescribe official term,
223, 516, 759; political representation in commission,
27s. 515; department of public works, 511, 516; state
prisons,5i2 ; powerof removal, 515 ; military department
not subject to, 516; summary of legislation, 517; con-
fidential position, 518; local subdivisions, 519; practi-
cability of examination, 519; home rule, 740; state com-
mission may be bipartisan, 789.
Claims against State, legislature not to audit, I. 301, 351 ;
II. 322; 399, 501 ; III. 683 ; IV. 434,661 ; limitation on, I.
307, 379; II. 401, 550; III. 391 ; IV. 657; proposed judi-
cial determination of, II. 583; III. 373; limitation on,
same rule as between citizens, IV. 658, 661 ; objectof pro-
vision, 660 ; when limitation attaches, 663 ; senate judi-
ciary committee report, 1898, 663.
Qark, H. Austin, Convention of 1894, III. 28; changing
county boundaries, 305 ; civil service, 329, 331 ; chang-
ing compensation of judges, 368.
Clark, Myron H., governor, on eighteen year limitation of
state debt, II. 224; recommends free schools. III. 530;
relations between different parts of education system,
III. 546.
Clarke, George, lieutenant governor in colony, IV. 461.
General Index. 377
Oarke, Robert, Convention of 1821, I. 630; remarks on
negro suffrage, 662 ; on Mr. Carpenter's judiciary plan,
684.
Clergymen, not eligible to office, I. 186, 213, 545; II. 474;
Convention of 1846, iii; elective franchise, residence
of, 659.
Clerk of Appellate Division, appointment and removal, I.
376; III. 360; IV. 630.
Qerk of Court of Appeals, how' chosen, I. 257, 282, 293,
368, 376; 11. 260, 284; IV. 630.
Clerke, Thomas W., supreme court, opinion, powers of legis-
lature, IV. 203 ; Brooklyn city judge, extent of jurisdic-
tion, 530; supreme court has jurisdiction of military de-
partment, 532, 766.
Clerks of Courts, in colony, I. 40, 41 ; First Constitution, 179,
552 ; appointment and removal, 206, 257, 292, 376, 674 ;
IV. 630; amendments proposed, I. 615; Convention of
1821, 672 ; term, 673.
Qerks of Supervisors, how chosen, I. 180.
Clermont, town of, first school in. III. 502.
Cleveland, Grover, governor, II. 512; on convict labor. III.
277, 279; civil service, 326; forest preservation, 409;
number of national guard, 601 ; resigns to become Pres-
ident, IV. 477, 479.
Clinton, De Witt, first student in Columbia College, III. 495 ;
senate, member of council of appointment, I. 601 ;
views concerning powers of council, 602 ; offers resolu-
tion in senate, 603; Convention of 1801, 610; II. 132;
member of canal commission, 18 10, I. 702 ; canal law of
181 1, 703 ; Commission of 181 1, 704 ; presents canal pro-
ject to national government, 704; City Hotel canal meet-
ing, 1815, 705; prepares canal memorial, 1815, 706;
Commission of 1816, 707; recommends purchase of
Dutch colonial records, 410; removal from office of
canal commissioner, 712 ; II. 46 ; IV. 562.
Governor, elected, IV. 478 ; construction of Erie canal
begun at Rome, I. 708; remarks on canals, 70S, 709,
710, 713; urges speedy completion of enterprise, 71 1 ;
378 Constitutional History of New York.
Erie canal opened, 713 ; remarks on completion of canal,
II. 47, 600; benefits to be derived from canals, 597;
canals, effect on New York city, 605 ; reduction of canal
tolls, 626; remarks on constitutional revision, 1820, I.
617, 622 ; executive approval of statute abolishing slav-
ery, I. 658; opposes extension of slavery, 659; observa-
tions on Second Constitution, 752 ; remarks on suffrage,
II. 3 ; election of justices of the peace, 5 ; inadequacy of
judicial system, 65, 705 ; recommends board of public
improvements, 78; aid to educational institutions, 94;
on delegation of legislative power, 627; registration,
III. 95 ; prison system, 253 ; New York prison, 256 ;
education, estimate of state's possible population, 511;
moral instruction, 566; discussion as to power of oyer
and terminer to grant reprieve, IV. 475, n.; service under
First Constitution, II. 516; IV. 463; death of, IV. 477.
Clinton, George, colonial governor, militia refuses to obey
orders, 1747, III. 589.
Clinton, George, in last colonial assembly, I. 474; III. 486;
elected first governor and lieutenant governor of state,
I. 572 ; IV. 463 ; resigns latter office, I. 572 ; takes oath
of office as governor, 573; opens first legislature at
Kingston, 576; receives letter relative to new council
of safety, 582; convenes legislature at Poughkeepsie,
585 ; tour of Mohawk valley, 1783, 693 ; assumes civil
authority, 50; proclamation convening legislature in
New York, 50; speech at opening of legislature, 50;
canals, speech, 1791, 696; submits report of canal sur-
veys, 1792, 697; recommends aid to navigation com-
panies, 1794, 697; on aid to navigation companies, II.
93 ; severity of early Criminal Code, 247, 250 ; educa-
tion, 486, 490, 492, 503, 504; on religious instruction,
565; service as governor, II. 516; IV. 463.
Clinton, Sir Henry, commander in chief, I. 36 ; had power to
restore civil government, 46.
Clinton County, erected. III. 168; assembly representation
in, 157, 158; see Tables of Senate and Assembly Ap-
portionments, 150, 168.
General Index. 379
Clinton Prison, established, 1844, II. 138; III. 272.
Clinton (village), local law, IV. 398.
Close, Odle, Commission of 1872, II. 470; motion to estab-
lish thirty-day period, 518; on appointment of district
attorney, 563.
Cochran, Robert, Convention of 1867, II. 244; favors elec-
tion of prison superintendent, 377.
Cochran, W. Bourke, Judiciary Commission of 1890, II. 684 ;
on court of appeals, 689, 690; election of general term
justices, 696; passes to judicial officers, 718.
Cochran, William H., Convention of 1894, III. 26; on voting
residence, 88; senate districts, 226; gubernatorial suc-
cession, secretary of state, 310; civil service, preference
of veterans, 333 ; new militia article, 603 ; cities, self-
government, 647.
Code of Civil Procedure, commission to prepare. III. 54;
enacted, s4 ; to prevent frequent amendments, 375 ;
privilege from arrest, discharge, IV. 611.
Code Commission, created, 1847, II. 217; III. 52; new com-
mission, 1849, 53; statute repealed, 54; another com-
mission created, 1857, 54.
Code of Criminal Procedure, commission to prepare. III. 54 ;
enacted, 54; impeachments, IV. 600, 605.
Code of Evidence, passed, but not approved by governor,
III- 54, 55-
Codification, common and statute law, I. 231 ; II. 164; III.
52; procedure, I. 258; II. 164; III. 52; proposed, II.
141, 142; Code of 1848, 164; III. 53; commissions
created, II. 217; III. 52, 54, 55; Convention of 1894,
52, 56-
Coeymans, Andries Pieters, colonial grant to, IV. 429.
Cohoes, incorporated, III. 619 ; petit larceny, uniformity of
punishment not required, IV. 218.
Cohoes Company, authorized to construct canal, II. 52.
Coin, change of value prohibited, I. 34; corruption of, pro-
hibited, II. 27 ; price on foreign, regulated, 27, 28 ; basis
of colonial bills of credit, 28 ; proposed increased circu-
380 Constitutional History of New York.
lation of coin, 38; foundation of currency, 196, 197;
coinage laws to be enforced, Tryon's instructions, III.
722.
Coke, Lord Edward, opinion, due process of law, IV. 86.
Colden, Cadwallader (colony), proposes water communica-
tion between Mohawk river and Oneida lake, I. 691 ;
surveyor general forty years, II. 532 ; political situation
in colony, III. 498; acting governor during Tryon's
absence, long official service, IV. 462 ; request for com-
pensation, 492 ; death of, 462.
Colden, Cadwallader (state), canal memorial, 1815, I. 706.
Cole, Chester S. (and others), private or local law, IV. 398.
Coleman, John, Convention of 1894, III. 28 ; on rights of
employees, 70.
Collectors (town), how chosen, I. 180, 536.
College Land Scrip Fund, application of, II. 361, 405, 561;
described, 367.
Colleges, university law. III. 496 ; not included in first com-
mon school law, 504 ; number of, 509, 524, 549.
Colles, Christopher, memorial as to canals, 1784, I. 694;
assembly committee's report, 694 ; second petition, 694 ;
second report, 694; third petition, 695.
Colonie, local law, IV. 401.
Colored Children, schools for, III. 520; IV. 291.
Columbia College, successor to Kings College, III. 36, 495
Columbia County, erected, III. 168 ; in Van Rensselaer tract
II. 12; land troubles in, 19; anti-rent troubles in, 20
Samuel J. Tilden chosen member of assembly, 1845, 22
see Tables of Senate and Assembly Apportionments,
III. 150, 168.
Columbia Insurance Company, incorporated, II. 62.
Columbus, Life of (Irving), recommended for schools. III.
573-
Colve, Anthony, Dutch director, surrenders to English, I.
425-
Colvin, Verplanck, member state park commission, 1872, III.
394; superintendent of Adirondack survey, forest pre-
serve, III. 411, 442.
General Index. 381
Commerce, notes on, IV. 207 ; equal protection of the laws,
226; police power, 280; tax on imports, 315 ; interstate,
when subject to taxation, 316.
Commercial Bank of Albany, advances funds for Civil War
bounties, IV. 641 ; reimbursement, 642.
Commissary General, office created, II. 531 ; appointed by,
legislature, term, I. 203, 671, 672; II. 531; removal, I.
673 ; election of, proposed, II. 209.
Commission of Appeals, created, I. 58, 283, 318; vacancies,
284; proposed, II. 228; people reject amendment, 229;
Convention of 1867, 262 ; transfer of causes to, 465 ;
III. 341.
Commission on Cities, 1875 (Tilden Commission), created,
II. 669; commission's report, 670; objects to rate per
cent limitation of municipal indebtedness, 656; recom-
mends minority representation in city boards, 659 ; civil
service. III. 325.
Commission on Procedure, created, 1847, II. 217 ; III. 52.
Commission for the relief of the court of chancery, pro-
posed, II. 67.
Commission for relief of supreme court, proposed, II. 67.
Commission to revise judicial system, created; its report,
II. 67.
Commissions and instructions, colonial directors and gov-
ernors in general, I. 12, 24, 25, 31, 33, 34, 36; to Tryon,
III. 695.
Commissioners of Canal Fund, designation, I. 246, 362; II.
137. 355. 401 ; IV. 513 ; abolished, II. 535.
Commissioner of Education, office created, IV. 716; super-
vision of normal schools, III. 542.
Commissioner of Jurors, amendment proposed, III. 298.
Commissioner of Labor, election of. III. 313.
Commissioner of Public Works, proposed, 1846, II. 137, 355,
375-
Commissioners of Land Office, designation, I. 246, 362 ; II.
137. 535 ; IV- 5^3 > *° survey canal routes, 1791, I. 696;
act of 1785, III. 393; IV. 164; grants of land under
navigable waters, IV. 513.
382 Constitutional History of New York.
Commissioners of Mediation and Arbitration, election of,
HI. 313-
Commitment, without notice, effect of, IV. lOi ; temporary,
may be ex parte, IV. 281.
Committee of Fifty-one, organized, I. 475 ; proposes general
Congress, 476; dissolved, 476.
Committee of Inspection, organized, I. 476; calls Provincial
Convention, 476 ; reorganized as Provisional War Com-
mittee, 476; calls Provincial Congress, 476.
Committee of Safety, appointed by First Provincial Con-
gress, I. 52 ; temporary governmental expedient, 53 ,
formed from First Constitutional Convention, 493 ;
resolution for election of local officers. III. 613.
Common Carriers, subject to authority of Congress, IV. 23.
Common Law, in force in colony, I. 39; continued in state,
I. 183, 218, 230, 330, 540, 750; II. 114; IV. 175; notes
on, IV. 175.
Common School Fund, established. III. 505; preserved, I.
216, 269, 388, 750; II. 204; III. 509; IV. 718; abolition
proposed, II. 661; III. 507; Convention of 1821, III.
509; proposed division of, 571, 578; cannot be used for
astronomical observatory or normal school, IV. 719.
Common Schools, common school fund, I. 216, 269, 388,
750; II. 204, 661 ; III. 505, 507, 509, 571, 578; IV. 718;
schools to be maintained, I. 387, 736; IV. 705; act of
1795, II. 62; state superintendent proposed, 137; Con-
vention of 1846, 204, 206; free schools proposed, 204,
205, 206, 362, 369, 405; Mr. Bowdish's speech, 207;
Mr. Hoffman's proposed section adopted, 207; Con-
vention of 1867, 361; lotteries for. III. 36; superinten-
dent of public instruction, appointment proposed, 313;
qualifications of district officers, 319; gospel and school
lots, 393, 497, 499; education in charitable institutions,
470; general note, 500; Regents recommend, 1787, 501 ;
Clermont school, 502; first common school law, 1795,
503, 615, 623; lottery act of 1801, 504; common school
fund established, 505; Commission of 181 1, 507, 566;
established, 1812, 508; conditions of, 1821, 508; under
General Index. 383
Second Constitution, 509; Governor De Witt Clinton's
recommendations, 511 ; instruction of teachers, 511, 517,
521, 541 ; department of public instruction recom-
mended, 1835, 516, 540, 546; IV. 710; supervision. III.
517. 519. 525- 532, 538; district libraries, 517, 519;
United States deposit fund, 518; department of educa-
tion recommended, 519; IV. 710; colored children, III.
520; IV. 226, 706, 708; school commissioner. III. 520,
547; teachers' licenses, 520; Albany Normal School,
522; statistics, 1846, 524; under Third Constitution, III.
524; free schools, 525; free school law, 1849, 528;
court of appeals declares act unconstitutional, 529 ; IV.
220; free school law, 1851, III. 530; rate bill abolished,
1867, 530; unification, general note, 532; IV. 710; town-
ship administration. III. 538 ; teachers' institutes, 541 ;
Oswego training school, 542; union free schools, 543;
IV. 214, 711 ; superintendent of public instruction. III.
545 ; IV. 710, 716 ; condition of, at close of third con-
stitutional period. III. 550; Convention of 1894, 551;
proposed amendment, 554 ; sectarian aid prohibited, 560 ;
orphan schools, 573; privileges of citizens, IV. 31;
notes on, IV. 706.
Compensation, property taken for public use, IV. 68, 112,
115 ; deferring payment of, 115 ; benefits may be set off,
115; how ascertained, 135, 136; court cannot change
award, 137; reassessments, 137; notice, 137; jury, 138;
commissioners, 138; redemption from tax, 320.
Comptroller, how and when chosen, I. 203, 245, 359, 671 ;
II. 136, 344, 401 ; IV. 507 ; compensation, I. 245, 359 ;
IV. 507 ; term, I. 672 ; removal, I. 673 ; duties of, II. 405 ;
Commission of 1872, 520; historical note, 525; proposi-
tion to appoint. III. 313.
Compulsory Education, Convention of 1867, II. 370; Com-
mission of 1872, 561 ; III. 531.
Compulsory Voting Commission of 1872, II. 478; Conven-
tion of 1894, III. 74, 102, 131.
Comstock, George F., Convention of 1867, II. 244; member
of judiciary committee, 248; declines to sign judiciary
384 Constitutional History of New York.
committee's report, 249 ; plan for court of appeals, 250 ;
on judicial vacancies, 260, 269 ; term of supreme court
judges, 269; review of conflicting general term de-
cisions, 270; removal of causes from county court, 273;
county judge's salary, 274; New York local courts, 274;
local city courts, 278; method of choosing judges, 287;
popular sovereignty, 289; citizens' rights, 293; qualifi-
cations of voters, 296, 481 ; IV. 188 ; preamble to suf-
frage section, II. 304; powers of extraordinary sessions,
330; executive approval of bills after adjournment of
legislature, 335 ; opposes power to veto parts of bills,
342 ; formation of charitable corporations, 372 ; punish-
ment for bribery, 381; salt springs, 384; allotment of
Indian reservations, 369; opposes charities article, 393;
on submission of Constitution, 41 1 ; on new Constitu-
tion, 421.
Concurrent Resolution, note on, IV. 210; deposit in office of
secretary of state, 505 ; use of, considered, 567.
Conger, Abraham B., Convention of 1867, II. 244; on negro
suffrage, 316.
Congress, United States, Articles of Confederation, I. 118,
121 ; apportionment of representatives, 133, 158; annual
session, 135 ; general powers, 136, 138 ; rules, punish-
ment of members, 136; journals, yeas and nays, 136;
adjournments, 136; compensation, privileges, 136; mem-
bers not to hold certain offices, 137 ; revenue bills, 137 ;
concurrent resolutions, 138 ; slave trade, 140 ; powers of
states, how regulated, 141 ; extra sessions, 145 ; when
president may adjourn, 145 ; new states and territories,
148; representation regulated, 158; authorizes lotteries,
III. 42.
Connecticut, included in New York's military jurisdiction,
I. 35 ; III. 709.
Constables, how chosen, I. 180, 536.
Constant, Joseph, secretary. Convention of 1801, I. 191 ; at-
tests amendments, I. 191 ; III. 675.
Constitution, note on, IV. 6; judicial definitions, 10; adop-
tion of, II ; amended Constitution, 11 ; amendment, 12;
General Index. 385
who may raise constitutional question, 12; when ques-
tion may be raised, 13; principles of construction, 14;
aid to construction, 17; doubtful construction not en-
couraged, 17 ; existing statutes, 17 ; legislative construc-
tion, 17 ; meaning, when fixed, 19 ; object, 19 ; scope of,
19 ; self -executing provisions, 19, 678 ; special term, 20 ;
waiver 21 ; Constitutions of other states, 21 ; United
States Constitution, 22; Federal Constitution supreme,
25-
Constitution, colonial, its sources and elements, I. 3, 4, 6;
how affected by proprietary government, 17; outline,
30, 35 ; Tryon's description, I. 37 ; IV. 9.
Constitution, state, sources, I. 3; subordinate to Federal
Constitution, 60.
Constitution of 1777, adopted, I. 49, 53; general note, 55,
162; text of, 162-188; people only source of authority,
166; history of, 471-595; IV. 3; patriotic movement in
last colonial assembly, I. 473 ; third Provincial Congress
recommends new Congress to form state government,
479-481 ; adoption, 556, 559 ; III. 675 ; not submitted to
people, I. 558 ; Constitution promulgated, 558 ; opinions
concerning, 559, 754, 755; deposited in office of secre-
tary of state, 559; government established, 559; legis-
lature organized, 573 ; synopsis of Constitution, 589,
595 ; development of state, 594 ; passes into history, 754 ;
education under. III. 487 ; home rule under, 612.
Constitution of 1821, general note, I. 56; text of, 192-221 ;
movement for convention, 616; convention called, 629;
the new Constitution, 638; amendments, 56, 57, 222,
223, 224, 225, II. 3, 9; education under. III. 509; home
rule under, 615.
Constitution of 1846. See Convention of 1846. General
note, I. 57 ; text of, 226-280 ; education under. III. 524 ;
home rule under, 617.
Constitution proposed by Convention of 1867, text of, II
423, 463-
Vol. V. Const. Hist. 25,
386 Constitutional History of New York.
Constitution of 1894, general note, I. 59; text of, 325-402;
IV. 3-800; amendments of 1899 and 1901, 406, 407;
amendments submitted in 1905, III. 692.
Constitution, Story on, cited, IV. 10.
Constitution of United States, general note, I. 60, 130; state
Constitution subordinate to, 60; Hamilton advocates
Federal convention, 130; New York resolutions, 130;
Virginia movement, 131 ; Congress recommends con-
vention, 131 ; Washington president of convention, 132 ;
Constitution and ratification, 132-150; new states, 148;
amendments 148, 151; debts under Confederation, 149;
supreme law, 149; judicial decisions relating to, IV. 22;
accused, rights of, 22; attainder, 22; bankruptcy, 22;
bills of credit, 22 ; common carriers, 23 ; construction
by state courts, 23 ; corporations, 23 ; crimes, 23 ; due
process, 23; faith and credit, 24; Federal Constitution
supreme, 25 ; fugitives from justice, 25 ; fugitive slaves,
25 ; Hudson river, 26 ; involuntary servitude, 26 ; juris-
diction of courts, 26; jury trial, 27; legal tender act,
28; maritime liens, 28; national banks, 28; naturaliza-
tion, 28; property, 28; treaties, 28; unreasonable
searches and seizures, 29 ; volunteers and substitutes, 29.
Constitutional Commission of i872,origin of, II. 464; various
preliminary amendments, 464; plans proposed, 467;
Governor HoflFman suggests a commission, 467; com-
mission created, 469; commission's jurisdiction, 470;
list of commissioners, 470; commission organized, 471 ;
amendments reported, 471 ; legislative joint committee
on amendments, 471 ; extra session recommended, 472 ;
amendments considered at the regular session, 472;
amendments considered and adopted, 473; Bill of
Rights, 474; suffrage, 477; legislature, 482, 578; III.
235; IV. 418, 445 ; extra compensation, II. 504; council
of revision, 507 ; executive, 511 ; state officers, 520; judi-
ciary, 539; canals, 540; corporations, 551; local indebt-
edness, 557 ; education, 561 ; III. 531, 562 ; local officers,
II. 562 ; official oath, 563 ; amendments, 565 ; cities, 566 ;
General Index. 387
home rule propositions, 569; bribery, 571 ; amendments,
when to take effect, 572; submission and approval of
amendments, 573.
Constitutional Convention, authorized, I. 275, 400; II. 209;
IV. 797; Convention of 1846, provision for future, II.
209; convention act of 1858, rejected, 234; Convention
of 1867, 241, 382, 406; status of delegates, 298; vote
necessary to call, 407, 577; Convention of 1894, III.
659 ; when conventions to be held, 660 ; IV. 797 ; how
conventions constituted, III. 661 ; IV. 797 ; powers of
convention. III. 664 ; IV. 10, 797 ; compensation of dele-
gates, III. 664; IV. 797; date of meeting, III. 664; IV.
797 ; length of session, III. 664 ; IV. 797 ; vote on amend-
ments, III. 665 ; IV. 797 ; determining election and qual-
ifications of delegates. III. 666; IV. 797; writ of pro-
hibition, III. 666; vacancies, 670; IV. 797; rules and
procedure. III. 670; IV. 797; submission of Constitu-
tion or amendments. III. 670; IV. 798; coincident
amendments, III. 671 ; IV. 799.
Construction, principles of, IV. 14 ; aid to, 17 ; doubtful not
encouraged, 17; existing statutes, 17; by legislature, 17,
218.
Consul, action against, supreme court has no jurisdiction,
IV. 529.
Contempt, trial by jury, IV. 43 ; notes on, 92, loi ; canal
commission, witness, 411.
Continental Congress, mentioned, I. 52; resolution recom-
mending state governments, 52, 478; resolutions con-
cerning, in New York assembly, 473, 475 ; first meeting,
476 ; Declaration of Independence, 487.
Convention (legislature of 1777), appoints new council of
safety, I. 582 ; letter to Governor Clinton, 582 ; meets at
Poughkeepsie, 585.
Convention, First Constitutional, 1776- 1777, meets at White
Plains, I. S3 ; exercises extraordinary powers, 53, 487,
489 ; ratifies Declaration of Independence, 487 ; making
a Constitution, 490 ; appoints committee on plan of gov-
ernment, 490 ; appoints day of fasting and prayer, 491 ;
388 Constitutional History of New York.
meets at different places, 491 ; appoints commit-
tee on obstruction of Hudson river, 492; re-
solves itself into a committee of safety, 493 ; re-
port of committee on plan of government, 494 ; consid-
eration of report, 495, 501 ; who was the author of first
Constitution, 495 ; drafts of proposed Constitution,
498; proposition to make governor part of legislature,
504 ; IV. 374 ; assembly districts, I. 506 ; plan for coun-
cil of state, 528; delegates in Congress, 536; religious
toleration, general note, 541, 545; separates church and
state, 543 ; attainder regulated, 547 ; naturalization, 547 ;
abolition of slavery, 553, 656; Indian contracts, 554;
council of revision, 554; adoption of Constitution, 556-
559; III. 487, 675 ; not submitted to people, I. 558; con-
stitution promulgated, 558; opinions concerning, 559;
Constitution deposited in office of secretary of state,
559 ; committee appointed to organize new government,
560; convention chooses certain officers, 560; adopts
ordinance, 562 ; adjourns, 571 ; compared with English
constitutional convention of 1688, 726.
Convention of 1801, origin of, I. 596; recommended, 603,
606; powers defined, 606; III. 155; list of delegates, I.
608; amendments adopted, 610; III. 156, 173; attesta-
tion of, I. 191 ; III. 675.
Convention of 1821, proposed, I. 616; Governor De Witt
Clinton's speech, 1820, I. 617, 622 ; legislative considera-
tion, 621 ; convention bill. Chancellor Kent's veto, 623,
624; report of special committee on, 626; new act
passed, 628; convention called, 629; list of delegates,
630; work of convention, 636; analysis of new Coiasti-
tution, 636; legislature, 638; III. 156, 159; suffrage, I.
640, 666; judiciary, 674; members of judiciary commit-
tee, 677 ; Mr. Carpenter's judiciary plan, 684 ; summary
of judiciary article as adopted, 687 ; II. 705 ; judiciary
act of 1823, I. 689; canals, 690, II. 597; Bill of Rights,
I. 715-743 ; council of revision, 743 ; council of appoint-
ment, 749 ; common school fund, 750 ; lotteries prohibit-
ed, 750 ; III. 43 ; Indian contracts, I. 750 ; common law.
General Index. 389
750; royal grants, 750; legislative amendments, 751;
when Constitution to take effect, 751 ; plan of sub-
mission, 752; attestation of instrument, 752; III. 675;
Constitution ratified, I. 754; banking and currency in,
II. 33 ; corporations, 63 ; number who participated in de-
bates, 108; preponderance of farmers in, 108; other vo-
cations represented in, 108; nativity of delegates, 109;
III. 537 ; registration, 91 ; religious toleration, IV. 56 ;
removal of judges, 556.
Convention of 1846, history of, II. 9-217 ; agricultural leases,
10-27, 115-118; banking and currency, 27-45, 195;
canals, 45-58, 165-174; corporations, 59-64, 184; III.
455 ; judiciary, II. 64-73, 140-164, 705 ; limiting state
debts, 73-91, 174; state aid to private enterprise, 91-101,
179; suffrage, lOi, 118; work of convention, general
article, 102 ; petitions for convention, 102 ; convention
act passed, 103 ; people order a convention, 103 ; Wit of
delegates, 104; convention meets and organizes, 106;
character of convention, 107 ; representation of lawyers
and farmers, 108; nativity of delegates, 108; Bill of
Rights, 109; legislature, 126; III. 181, 211, 212; exec-
utive, II. 133; state officers, 136; III. 318; prisons, II.
138; judiciary committee, 140; committee on canals,
166; taxation, 182; appropriations, 182; cities and vil-
lages, 198; III. 617, 627; education, II. 204; III. 525;
local officers, II. 208; militia, 209; future conventions,
209; conclusion, 211 ; Constitution submitted as a whole,
211; comparison with Second Constitution, 212; sepa-
rate submission of proposition as to colored voters, 212 ;
publication and distribution of proposed Constitution,
212 ; attestation of instrument, 213 ; III. 675 ; people ap-
prove Constitution, II. 213 ; negro suffrage amendment
rejected, 213; Carlyle's comment on first French Con-
stitution, 213; opinions of delegates, 214; convention's
address to people, 215; when Constitution took effect,
216; permanency of, 218; religious toleration, IV. 60;
removal of judges, 563.
390 Constitutional History of New York.
Convention of 1867, general note, I. 57; Constitution pro-
posed, 57 ; Constitution rejected, 57 ; act for, approved,
II. 234, 241 ; convention called, new plan of representa-
tion, 242; qualifications of voters, 243; residence of
delegates, 243 ; list of delegates, 243 ; character of con-
vention, 246 ; convention organized, 247 ; judiciary arti-
cle, 247; judiciary committee, 248; report presented,
248; various suggestions, 250; official tenure, 251, 260;
speech of Mr. Evarts, 252 ; Mr. Van Cott's speech, 256 ;
tests on judicial tenure, 257; eligibility and classifica-
tion of judges, 258; method of choosing chief judge,
259 ; minority representation, 259 ; vacancies, 260 ; fixed
term and life tenure compared, 260 ; commission of ap-
peals, 262; supreme court, 264, 693; judicial depart-
ments, 266, 268 ; various supreme court plans, 267 ; III.
359; judiciary act of 1870, II. 271 ; county court, 272;
superior court and court of common pleas, 274 ; surro-
gates' courts, 279, 588 ; inferior local courts, 284 ; courts
of special sessions, 284; judiciary article approved,
courts reorganized, 285 ; method of choosing judges,
285 ; elective judiciary continued, 288 ; the Constitution
that might have Leen, II. 288; Bill of Rights, 288; trial
by jury, 290, 397 ; religious toleration, 291 ; drainage of
agricultural lands, 292, 398; agricultural leases, 293,
398 ; suffrage, 294, 398 ; woman suffrage, 305 ; III. 80 ;
color line, II. 314, 398; legislature, 317, 399; III. 235;
IV. 418 ; court of claims, II. 322, 326, 402 ; street rail-
roads, 326; extra compensation, 327, 353, 399; exec-
utive department, 328 ; pardons, 329 ; thirty-day period,
331, 400; veto power, 339; III. 245; state officers, II.
343, 401 ; state police, 346 ; local officers, 348, 403, 404 ;
board of supervisors, 348, 402; cities, 351, 403, 404;
canals and finance, 353, 401, 402; payment of state
debts, 357; canal contracts, 357; local aid for private
purposes, 358; canal enlargement, 359; taxation, 359,
405; IV. 308; education, II. 361, 405; Cornell Univer-
sity, 362, 405; abolition of state university, 368; IV.
711; common schools, II. 369; III. 531; corporations,
General Index. 391
II. 370, 404, 405; prisons, 374, 405; militia, 378, 406;
official corruption, 379, 406; future amendments and
conventions, 382; weights and measures, 383; practice
of medicine, 383 ; salt springs, 384 ; canal bridges, 384,
401 ; state aid, 384 ; deficiency loans, 385, 404 ; bounty
debt, 385, 405; state not to be stockholder in corpora-
tions, 385, 405 ; prohibition, 385 ; new capitol, 389 ;
charities, 390; summary of convention's work,
396; submission and result, 407; convention's con-
tinuance after expiration of time fixed by stat-
ute, 407; plan of submission, 409; convention's
authority, 410; various propositions considered,
411; convention's address to people, 412; Consti-
tution attested and deposited in office of secretary of
state, 413; III. 67s; convention adjourns, II. 414; as-
sembly of 1868 passes submission bill, 414; legislature
of 1868 ratifies continuance of convention, 414; remarks
on powers of legislature and convention, 414, 416; sub-
mission by legislature, 415 ; judiciary article approved,
remainder rejected,4i9 ; effect of partisan differences on
fate of Constitution, 420; Democratic party objects to
new Constitution, 421 ; proposed Constitution, 423, 463 ;
removal of judges, IV. 565.
Convention of 1894, vote necessary for submission of amend-
ment, II. 258 ; controversy between legislature and gov-
ernor, III. 3, 661 ; various suggestions and amendments,
5, 22 ; convention bill passed ; vetoed by Governor Hill,
7; assembly committee's report on veto, 10; enumera-
tion bill of 1885, vetoed by Governor Hill, 16 ; extraor-
dinary session of 1885, 16 ; enumeration of 1892, 18, 23 ;
convention bill passed, 1892, 22 ; new act, 1893, 23 ; con-
vention chosen, list of delegates, 25 ; convention organ-
ized, 29 ; President Choate's opening address, 29.
Bill of Rights, III. 30; anti-gambling amendment, his-
torical note, 33 ; poolselling and horse racing, 48 ; codi-
fication, abrogating existing provisions, 52, 56; dam-
ages for death caused by negligence, 57; suggestions
392 Constitutional History of New York.
not adopted, 65; proposed abolition of capital punish-
ment, 72;
Suffrage, III. 74 ; bribery at elections, 84 ; voting resi-
dence, 85 ; registration of voters, 91 ; method of voting,
108 ; bipartisan election boards, 1 14 ; compulsory voting,
131 ; legislature. III. 134; apportionment of 1892, 192;
apportionment of 1894, 204; committee on apportion-
ment, 206 ; apportionment plan adopted, 230 ; temporary
president of the senate, 230; consideration and passage
of bills, 235 ; prohibiting "riders" on appropriation bills,
244; regulating prison labor, 246, 287; increasing or
diminishing official salaries, 297; commissioners of
jurors, 298; official pensions, 299; intoxicating liquors,
299 ; initiative and referendum, 300 ; notice of intended
legislation, 302.
Executive, III. 306; when speaker may act as gov-
ernor, 309; pardoning power, 310; council of revision,
311 ; executive consideration of bills, 311.
State officers. III. 312; civil service, 313, 328.
Judiciary, III. 335; judiciary committee, 337; commit-
tee's report, 338 ; court of impeachments, 341 ; court of
appeals, 341 ; relief of court, 345 ; supreme court, 352 ;
county court, 360 ; surrogates' courts, 362 ; superior city
courts, 362; inferior local courts, 364; pensions, 366;
removal of judges, IV. 566.
Canals, III. 375 ; state finances, 390 ; forest preserve
391 ; corporations and charities, 454 ; banking corpora
tions, 455 ; limiting municipal indebtedness, 458 ; chari-
ties, 459; state commission of prisons, 472; state com-
mission in lunacy, 473.
Education, III. 475, 551; common schools, 554; uni-
versity, 577; IV. 712; education funds, III. 560; secta-
rian aid, 560 ; local officers, general provisions, 580 ; cor-
oner omitted from Constitution, 580; changing official
terms in certain counties, 580 ; annual legislative session,
581 ; militia, 582, 602 ; cities and villages, 605,626 ; home
rule, 607 ; official oath, 652 ; bribery, 652 ; passes, 653 ;
amendments and conventions, 659; when Constitution
General Index. 393
to take effect, 671 ; conclusion, 672 ; restrictions on leg-
islative power, 674; address to people, 674; attestation
of Constitution, 675 ; President's closing address, 676 ;
submission and result, 677 ; Constitution ratified, 678.
Cook, James M., convention of 1846, II. 105 ; assembly dis-
trict plan, 130.
Cooke, Erastus, Convention of 1867, II. 244; on supreme
court, 268 ; jurisdiction of local courts, 278 ; inferior lo-
cal courts, 284; submission of Constitution, 412.
Cookinham, Henry J., Convention of 1894, III. 28; on bi-
partisan election boards, 130; apportionment, 208, 223;
"shall" to be mandatory, 303 ; member judiciary com-
mittee, 337; judicial pensions, 367; liability of bank
stockholders, 456; regents appointment of superinten-
dent of public instruction, 558 ; convention's address to
people, 674.
Cooper, Edward, member Tilden Cities Commission, 1875,
II. 669.
Corbett, Patrick, Convention of 1867, II. 245 ; on equal suf-
frage, 316.
Combury, Lord, colonial governor. New York as a slave
market, I. 656; number of militia. III. 588; money bills,
IV. 367; commission, when council to administer gov-
ernment, 487.
Cornell, Alonzo B., governor, II. 512; on supreme court, ad-
ditional justices, 587; railroad competition, 625; recom-
mends consideration of free canal amendments, 647 ; on
excessive municipal indebtedness, 657; registry law for
villages. III. 100; prisons nearly self-supporting, 276;
on forest preservation, 403 ; recommends commission
on militia, 601.
Cornell, Ezra, gift to Cornell University and Genesee Col-
lege, II. 367.
Cornell Endowment Fund, application of, II. 361, 405, 561 ;
described, 367.
Cornell University, historical sketch, II. 362; congressional
action, 363; President Buchanan vetoes Morrill bill,
364 ; Wade bill passed, 365 ; President Lincoln approves
394 Constitutional History of New York.
bill, 366; legislature accepts donation, 366; People's
College at Havana, 366; free instruction in, 367; gifts
to Cornell University and Genesee College, 367 ; prop-
erty limitations, 373 ; experiments in forestry. III. 438,
447 ; superintendent of public instruction, ex-officio trus-
tee, 548; free instruction in, students cannot be desig-
nated from normal schools, IV. 709.
Coming, incorporated. III. 619 ; police justice, IV. 623.
Cornwall County, erected. III. 139.
Cornwallis, Lord, surrender noted, I. 116.
Cornwell, George R., Convention of 1894, III. 28; on su-
preme court, trial and special terms, 358; religious tol-
eration, sectarian aid, 552.
Coroner, in colony, I. 42; Constitution, 179, 207, 269, 563;
term, 673 ; Convention of 1846, II. 208 ; Convention of
1894, omitted from Constitution, III. 580; IV. 721.
Corporations, statute, Virhen two-thirds vote necessary, I.
215; II. 114, 196; state claims against, I. 262; II. 593;
state aid prohibited, I. 264, 377, 383, 388; II. 552; III.
562; IV. 634, 680; how formed, I. 267, 381; II. 371,
405 ; IV. 670; dues, I. 267, 381 ; IV. 674; defined, I. 267,
382 ; IV. 675 ; banking, I. 267, 382 ; IV. 676 ; state be-
comes stockholder in, II. 30, 31, 92; general article, 59.
64, 184; development of, 59, 63; list of first charters,
61; Convention of 1821, 63; Convention of 1846, 64,
166, 167, 179, 184 ; state's corporate character, 91 ; aid
to various corporations, 93, 165 ; state reserves right to
buy railroads, 95 ; enforcement of state claims, 181, 404;
committee's first report, 184; stockholder's liability, 188,
193, 371 ; select committee appointed, 191 ; result of con-
vention's deliberations, 192, 194; III. 455; Convention
of 1867, II. 326, 370; sale of railroad franchise, 326;
various suggestions, 374, 655 ; state not to be stock-
holder in, 385, 405 ; Commission of 1872, 551 ; prefer-
ence of employees. III. 71 ; not to use money or prop-
erty for political purposes, 134, 653 ; superintendent of,
proposed, 335; Convention of 1894, 454; free transpor-'
tation of public officers, 654 ; IV. 103 ; when Congress
General Index. 395
may amend charter, IV. 23; corporation not a citizen,
30, 292,; right of citizens to form, 31 ; trial by jury, 43 ;
insurance companies, 95, 117; notes relating to, 102;
foreign corporations, 127, 211, 212, 219, 225, 282, 294,
314, 529; legislative power, 210, 219; actions, 210;
banks, 211; cemeteries, 211; consolidation, 211, 426;
eminent domain, 211, 219; franchise not exclusive, 212;
forfeiture, 212; increased burdens, 213, 270, 674; insur-
ance, 213; mileage books, 213; plank roads, 213; rail-
roads, 213 ; reserved power of amendment or repeal, 2 14,
259, 325, 671 ; school districts, 214; town aid, 214; trusts,
214; obligation of contracts, 259; validating acts of,
298; exemption from taxation, 312; vested rights, 325;
inheritance tax, when right to, becomes vested, 328;
changing names of, 418; Judge Emott on restrictions
of legislative power, 671 ; the University, I. 388 ; IV.
709.
Corstiaensen, Hendrick, acknowledges English sovereignly
of Manhattan, I. 18.
Cortland County, erected, III. 174; see Tables of Senate and
Assembly Apportionments, 150, 168.
Cortlandt Manor, representation in colonial assembly, I. 38 ;
III. 142, 148.
Cortlandt, Philip, petition for member of assembly from
Cortlandt Manor, III. 142.
Cosby, Colonel William, colonial governor, right to sit in
legislative council, I. 445 ; IV. 484 ; death of, IV. 461 .
Coudert, Frederic R., Judiciary Commission of 1890, II.
684; designation of general term justices, 702.
Council, colonial, established, I. 11 ; III. 699, 714; powers, I.
II, 14; IV. 459, 467; remonstrance concerning, I. 14;
functions, 16, 444 ; under Andros, 25 ; granted freedom
of debate, 28 ; III. 713 ; IV. 365 ; when to assume gov-
ernment, I. 32, 96; qualifications of members, 34; at
close of colonial period, 38 ; IV. 483 ; under Minuit, I.
413, 455; under Kieft, I. 414; Nine Men entitled to rep-
resentation in, 417; under Lovelace, 425; members of.
396 Constitutional History of New York.
in 1683, 432; historical note, 443; first constitutional
convention, 502, III. 168.
Council of Appointment, creation of, I. 178, 531 ; powers
construed, 56, 191, 178, 610; III. 506; powers, I. 178;
III. 316, 534, 614; IV. 458, 555, 727; failure to confirm
first appointment of judges, I. 577; judges reappointed,
578 ; controversy over powers, 598, 600 ; procedure, 598 ;
Governor Jay's speech concerning its powers, 600;
special message, 601 ; action of legislature, 601 ; IV. 17 ;
council sends communication to legislature, I. 602 ; Con-
vention of 1801 construes powers, 610; observations on
coimcil's functions, 611 ; resumes its sessions, 614; Gov-
ernor De Witt Clinton's observations on, 617, 622 ; pow-
er of removal, 673 ; abolished, 749 ; transfer of its pow-
ers, 749.
Council of Law Reporting, suggested. Judiciary Commission
of 1890, II. 718.
Council of Revision, First Constitution, I. 167, 554; II. 331,
508 ; IV. 495, 555 ; vetoes bill validating proceedings of
council of safety, I. 586; vetoes bill for constitutional
convention, 1820, 624; represented in Convention of
1821, 743; number of bills considered and vetoed, 744;
reasons for its abolition, 745, 747; value of its service,
747; II. 145; procedure, 331; new council proposed,
507; III. 310, 311; apportionment of 1801, 155; Con-
vention of 1894, 311 ; abolished, I. 743.
Council of Safety, temporary governmental expedient, I. 53 ;
following first convention, 571 ; officers of, 571 ; directs
election of governor, lieutenant governor, and members
of legislature, 572 ; canvasses returns, 572 ; Governor
Clinton takes oath of office, 573; convenes legislature,
573 ; legislature meets, 573 ; new council, 582 ; reluctant
to act, 584; meets at Poughkeepsie, 585; proceedings
validated, 586; bill vetoed, 586; bill passed over veto,
587; new ratification bill, 587; another council recom-
mended, bill vetoed, 588.
Council of State, proposed, first convention, I. 528.
General Index. 397
Counsel to the Governor, office established, first appointment,
II. sio.
Counterclaim, trial by jury, IV. 43; jurisdiction of county
court, 615.
Countryman, Edwin, Convention of 1894, III. 27; proba-
tion for naturalized voters, 78 ; on temporary president,
232, 233 ; civil service, preference of veterans, 331 ;
member judiciary committee, 337; enlarging court of
appeals, 344; instruction of children in charitable insti-
tutions, 577.
County, colonial division, I. 42, 461 ; liability for injuries
caused by mobs, II. 294 ; IV. 92, 1 14, 267, 444 ; regulat-
ing internal affairs of, II. 497; unit of assembly repre-
sentation, I. 507; III. 159; erection limited, I. 195, 238,
343 ; III. 160 ; IV. 354 ; proposition for district courts in,
III. 373 ; home rule, 623 ; auditors, proposed election
of, 691 ; is a municipal corporation, IV. 676 ; not liable
for sheriff's acts, I. 205, 270, 389 ; IV. 720, 723 ; may be
required to maintain armory, 767 ; expense of proceed-
ing to remove county officer, 794.
County Auditor, proposed election of, III. 691.
County Clerk, how chosen, I. 205, 269, 389; IV. 720; origin
of office, I. 206; IV. 721 ; to be clerk of certain courts, I.
206, 257, 293, 376; IV. 630; removal, I. 206, 270, 389;
IV. 720; appointment under ordinance, 1777, I. 564;
Second Constitution, 671 ; term, 673 ; Convention of
1846, II. 208; deputy, when to act, IV. 761.
County Comptroller, creation of office proposed, III. 582.
County Court. See Court, County.
County Judge, in Kings county, I. 59, 372; II. 576; IV. 612;
term, I. 178, 211, 372, 673; IV. 612; election, powers
and duties, I. 254, 372; IV. 612; special, I. 256, 291,
374; III. 369, 373; IV. 617; compensation, I. 290,
373; IV. 613; who eligible, I. 376; IV. 631; appoint-
ments under ordinance, 1777, I. 564; Convention of
1821, 688; election of, proposed, II. 69 ; Convention of
1867, judge's term, 274; salary, how fixed, 274; pro-
3g8 Constitutional History of New York.
posed power to veto acts of boards of supervisors, 350 ;
not to practise in certain counties, I. 293, 376; II. 716;
III. 370; IV. 631 ; proposed amendment authorizing
service as trial justices of supreme court, III. 686; age
limit provision applies to, IV. 598; removal, I. 178, 211,
253, 287, 370 ; IV. 554 ; may hold court in any county,
I. 290, 373 ; IV. 613 ; power to fix salary cannot be dele-
gated to supervisors, 614; may appoint drainage com-
missioners, 751.
County Seat, local law, I. 300, 350, 408 ; II. 325, 497 ; IV.
415, 420.
County Treasurer, how chqsen, I. 180, 536; Convention of
1846, II. 208 ; Convention of 1867, 402 ; Commission of
1872, 562 ; proposed amendment, 1894, III. 582.
Courts, Dutch West India Company to establish, I. 6, 454;
by patroons, 8 ; appeals, 9 ; Andros to continue, 25 ; Don-
gan to establish, I. 29, 31 ; II. 275 ; Tryon to establish,
III. 702; new not to be established, I. 187, 212, 547;
officers, how chosen, I. 207, 270, 389; decisions to be
published, I. 258, 294, 376; IV. 632; compensation of
judges, I, 251, 289, 371 ; IV. 590; determining method
of selecting judges, I, 291 ; II. 285 ; certain judges not
to practise, I. 293, 376; III. 370; IV. 631; in colony,
general article, I. 454 ; Stuyvesant establishes municipal
court, 456; jurisdiction and procedure, 457; abolished,
460; under Duke's laws, 458; under act of 1683, 461 ;
under act of 1691, 461.
Courts, local, may be established, I. 255, 293, 375 ; IV. 622 ;
members, how chosen, I. 257, 374, 375 ; IV. 622 ; judg-
ments may be removed to court of appeals, I. 258, 293 ;
continued, 287 ; Convention of 1846, II. 142, 163 ; Con-
vention of 1867, 284; method of appointment and re-
moval proposed, 539; Convention of 1894, III. 364; IV.
623 ; when may not exercise powers of supreme court,
530; notes on, 623; territorial jurisdiction limited, 625,
627; term does not include court-martial, 626; juris-
General Index. 399
diction considered, 626; may be abolished, 627; does
not include city auditing officer, 629.
Court of Admiralty, in colony, I. 41, 458; First Constitu-
tion, officers, 179 ; discontinued, 463.
Court of Appeals, created, I. 248; how constituted, term,
248, 282, 368; III. 348; IV. 545; compensation, I. 251,
289, 371 ; III. 368 ; IV. 590 ; judges to hold no other
office, I. 251, 287, 370; IV. 550; removal, I. 253, 287,
370; III. 369; IV. 554; election of judges, I. 253, 282,
368; IV. 545; vacancies, I. 254, 283, 368; II. 260; IV.
546; clerk, I. 257, 283, 293, 368, 376; IV. 545 ; removal
of judgments of- inferior courts, I. 258, 293; notes of
decisions, 249 ; reporter, 283, 368 ; II. 285 ; IV. 545 ;
judge not to sit in review of his own decision, I. 286,
366; IV. 539; age limit, I. 289, 371 ; II. 251, 260; IV.
590. 595 ; judges not to practise, I. 293, 376 ; II. 285 ;
III. 370; IV. 631; jurisdiction, I. 259, 285, 369; III.
349, 685 ; IV. 547; judge, who eligible, I. 376; IV. 631.
Convention of 1846, II. 145 ; Charles O'Conor's
plan, 142 ; term of court, 146 ; reasons for a court in two
parts, 147; lay judges in, 148; III. 371 ; judiciary article
of 1846 not satisfactory, II. 226, 247 ; various amend-
ments proposed, 227; commission proposed, 228;
amendment rejected by people, 229; Governor Fenton
on inherent defects of, 242.
Convention of 1867,11. 249; method of choosing chief
judge, 259; minority representation, 259; III. 348
quorum, II. 260; IV. 240; residence of judges, II. 260
note on tenure, 260; commission of appeals, 262, 465
new court organized, 1870, 285 ; relief of, I. 60, 283,
318, 405 ; II. 228, 465 ; III. 345, 679.
Judiciary Commission of i8go, II. 686.
Convention of 1894, III. 341 ; judiciary committee's
plan, 342; Mr. Brown's plan, 343; subsequent legisla-
tive amendment enlarging court, 345 ; statistics as to
business of court, 346; proposed enlargement of, 687,
691; pensions for judges, I. 58, 317; II. 575, 590, 713;
III. 366; IV. 590.
400 Constitutional History of New York.
Second Division. Constitutional provisions, I. 59,
315 ; II. 576 ; established, 585 ; sketch of, 585 ; III. 341 ;
proposition to re-establish, 348, 685, 687, 691.
Court of Arbitration, proposed, 1894, III. 72, 306, 374.
Court of Assize, under Magna Charta, I. 82 ; under Duke's
laws, 459; appellate jurisdiction, 460; abolished, 461.
Court of Chancery, in colony, I. 39, 461. .
Court of Chancery, state. See also Chancellor. Clerks, how
appointed, I. 179; masters, registers, and examiners,
179, 207, 672, 674; Constitution of 1821, 677; proposed
abolition of, 679; II. 144; proposed reorganization, 66,
67, 68, 72 ; proposed commission for relief of, 67 ; abol-
ished, I. 278; II. 217.
Court, Circuit, how constituted, powers, I. 211, 250, 285, 688,
689; III. 354; Convention of 1821, 1. 681, 688; proposed
modification of, II. 67 ; Convention of 1867, 264 ; abol-
ished, I. 368; II. 152; III. 369; IV. 544-
Court of Claims, Convention of 1867, II. 322, 326, 402;
Judiciary Commission of 1890,719; Convention of 1894,
in. 374.
Court of Common Pleas, in colony, I. 40; II. 153; under
Magna Charta, I. 82; state, proposed modification of,
II. 67 ; Governor Seward recommends abrogation of
administrative powers, 68; Convention of 1846, 153;
historical note, 153; amendments proposed, 229; be-
comes county court, I. 254, 372; IV. 612.
Court for the Correction of Errors, First Constitution, I. 181,
538 ; Second Constitution, 208, 677, 687 ; proposed modi-
fication of, II. 67, 72 ; its character and service, 145 ;
abolished, 1846, II. 144.
Court, County, jurisdiction, I. 255, 290, 372; II. 154; IV.
451, 612, 614; Convention of 1821, I. 677; Convention
of 1846, II. 142, 153; proposed abolition of, 155; III.
360, 373; judiciary act of 1847, H- ^57 > decisions rela-
tive to jurisdiction, 158; amendments proposed, 229;
Convention of 1867, 272; jurisdiction enlarged, 272;
Judiciary Commission of 1890, 710; Convention of 1894,
General Index. 401
159; III. 360; notes on, IV. 614; counterclaim exceed-
ing money limit, 615.
Court of Criminal Appeals, proposed, III. 374.
Court, District, in cities, I. 292, 375 ; IV. 619 ; in counties,
proposed, III. 373.
Court of Exchequer, in colony and state, I. 462 ; III. 726.
Court of General Sessions of the Peace, proposed, 1821, 1.
677.
Court, General Term (supreme court), created, I. 250, 285 ;
Convention of 1846, II. 142 ; transfer of causes, 143 ;
Convention of 1867, 265 ; judicial departments, 266 ;
proposed review of conflicting decisions, 270 ; organiza
tion of general terms, 271 ; judiciary act of 1870, 271 ;
additional general term, I. 58, 318; II. 576, 587; addi
tional judges, I. 58, 318; II. 576, 587; Judiciary Com
mission of 1890, 693 ; election of justices, 694, 702, 704 ;
note on. III. 354 ; becomes appellate division, I. 364 ; IV.
S34> 537 ; compensation, IV. 592.
Court of Impeachments. See also Impeachments. Hov^ con-
stituted, I. 181, 208, 248, 282, 371, 538, 677, 687; IV.
598; Convention of 1846, II. 141, 144; Convention of
1867, 249; court a unit, IV. 576; general note, 599;
Barnard case, 605, 607 ; scope of jurisdiction, 603, 605 ;
Mather case, 606 ; Dorn case, 607.
Court, Justice's, in colony, I. 40. See lustices of the Peace.
Court-Martial, right to counsel in, I. 214; IV. 31, 72; no
trial by jury in, 31, 44; not an inferior local court, 626;
general powers, 766.
Court, Mayor's. See New York City.
Court of Nisi Prius, proposed, 1821, I. 677.
Court of Oyer and Terminer, in colony, I. 41, 459, 461 ; by
whom held, 251, 285; Convention of 1821, 677, 678;
abolished, 368; III. 369; IV. 544.
Court, Prerogative, in colony, I. 42.
Court of Probates, clerks, I. 179; under Stuyvesant, 458;
proposed, 1821, 678.
Court of Review, proposed, II. 70.
Vol. V. Const. Hist. 26.
402 Constitutional History of New York.
Courts of Sessions, in colony, I. 41, 458, 459, 461 ; abolished,
373; III. 361; IV. 613.
Court of Special Sessions, jurisdiction, I. 294, 377 ; IV. 633 ;
Convention of 1867, II. 284; Convention of 1894, III.
372 ; trial by jury, IV. 52 ; bail, 633.
Court, Special Term, by whom held, I. 251, 285, 366; IV.
534 ; fixing time and place of, assigning justices for, I.
366; IV. 534; Convention of 1846, II. 142; construction
of Constitution, IV. 20.
Court, State Superior, proposed, II. 66. 229.
Court, Superior City. See Buffalo; New York.
Court, Superior Court of Common Pleas, proposed, I. 677;
II. 66, 68.
Court, Supreme, in colony, I. 39, 462; powers, 39; judges
not eligible to assembly, 453 ; colonial established, 462.
Court, Supreme (State), judges appointed, I. 54; additional
justices, second district, 58, 314; II. 575, 576; Brooklyn
city court judges may serve in, I. 58, 316; II. 575 ; pen-
sions, I. 58, 317; II. 575, 590, 713; III. 366; IV. 590:
additional general term, I. 58, 318; II. 576; additional
judges, I. 58, 318; II. 576; IV. 524; V. 551;
designating judges to sit in court of appeals, I.
60, 405; IV. 545; additional judges in appellate
division, I. 60, 403; IV. 534; judge not to hold
other office, I. 179, 211, 251, 287, 370, 535, 688; IV.
550; clerks, I. 179, 257, 293, 376; IV. 630; justices' offi-
cial term, I. 210, 250, 289, 366, 371, 672; IV. 542, 590;
how constituted, I. 210, 364; IV. 523; circuits, I. 211,
250, 285, 368; IV. 544; jurisdiction, I. 249, 285, 364;
II. 150; IV. 525 ; judicial districts, I. 250, 256, 285, 364;
II. 693, 703; III. 353; IV. 523, 531; general term, I.
250, 285; III. 354; special term, I. 250, 285, 366; IV.
534; oyer and terminer, I. 251, 285, 368; IV. 544; com-
pensation, I. 251, 289, 371 ; III. 368; IV. 590; removal,
I. 253, 287, 370, 679; III. 369; IV. 554; election of
judges, I. 253, 289, 364, 366 ; IV. 523 ; vacancies, I. 254,
286, 366 ; II. 269 ; IV. 542 ; judge not to sit in review of
his own decision, I. 286, 366 ; IV. 539 ; age limit, I. 289,
371, 679, 6S2, 688; II. 269; IV. 590, 598; judges not to
General Index. 403
practise, I. 293, 376; II. 285; III. 370; IV. 631; re-
porter, I. 294, 364; II. 285; III. 372; IV. 274, 536;
appellate division, I. 364, 403; III. 353; IV. 534, 536;
V. 551 ; proceedings in law and equity, I. 250, 286, 366;
IV. 539; when may exercise powers of surrogates, I.
295, 374; IV. 616; judge, who eligible, I. 376; IV. 631 ;
tenure, I. 535 ; first appointment of judges under Consti-
tution, 564; judges in 1821, 676; proposed reorganiza-
tion, 1 82 1, 677, 687, 688; various proposed amendments,
II. 66, 67, 68, 72 ; proposed commission for relief of, 67 ;
jurisdiction of legislative apportionments, 130; Con-
vention of 1846, 142; "appeal session" proposed, 144;
under First Constitution, 151 ; reorganization in 1846,
152, 217; amendments proposed, 226, 229, 586; III. 685,
691; Convention of 1867, II. 264; historical note, 264;
judicial departments, 266, 268; Matthew Hale's "state
term," 267; organization of court, 269; additional
justices, amendment rejected, 576; Judiciary Commis-
sion of 1890, 691 ; review of apportionments, III. 216;
Convention of 1894, 352; appellate division, historical
note, 353 ; justices, number based on population, 686,
692 ; trial commissioners proposed, 686, 687, 691 ; leg-
islative power, prescribing administrative functions, IV.
242; power as to joint bridges, 242; administrative
functions, 527, 553 ; admiralty, 527 ; anti-monopoly act,
528; charitable uses, 528; consul, 529; equity, 529;
foreign corporations, 529; foreign judgment, 530;
foreign real property, 530 ; forts and arsenals, 530 ; in-
ferior courts, 530; jurisdiction, how limited, 531 ; militia,
532, 731, 766; pardons, 532; patents, 532; place of trial,
533; preferences in civil actions, 533; public officers,
534 ; removal to Federal court, 534 ; salvage, 534 ; trusts,
534; judge may hold court in any county, I. 368; IV.
544; justices in Kings county, service in drawing jury,
594 ; first judicial district, compensation of justices, 595 ;
second judicial district, compensation of justices, 597;
question of privilege. Judge Potter's case, 607 ; equitable
jurisdiction of corporations, 675.
404 Constitutional History of New York.
Court, Supreme Court of Appeals, proposed, 1846. II. 143.
Court, Surrogate's, prerogative, I. 42 ; relief of, 295, 373 ;
IV. 615 ; continued, I. 373, IV. 615 ; Convention of 1846,
II. 159; historical note, 159; Convention of 1867, 279;
jurisdiction of, conferred on certain courts of record,
282; additional surrogate in New York, 283, 588, III.
362; Judiciary Commission of 1890, II. 710; Convention
of 1894, III. 362; proposed abolition of 373; supreme
court may stay proceedings in, IV. 531 ; may accept res-
ignation of trustee, 617; equity powers, 617.
Court for the Trial of Impeachments. See Court of Im-
peachments.
Court, United States, in general, I. 145; jury trial, 146;
power limited, 155.
Cowen, Esek, supreme court, opinion, jurisdiction of com-
mon pleas, II. 154; opinion, due process of law, IV. 86;
Federal bankruptcy law, 257.
Coxsackie, police justice, IV. 624.
Crimes and Criminal Law, proposed abolition of capital pun-
ishment, III. 72, 690; state inherited English criminal
law, 246 ; severity of, mitigated, 246 ; felonies, how pun-
ished, 247; Federal jurisdiction of, IV. 23; habitual
criminals, 47; misdemeanors, trial by jury, 49; new of-
fense, trial by jury, 50; legislature possesses plenary
power, 66; excessive bail, 65, 68; notes on, 92, 215; ar-
son, 215; electrocution, 215; future ca?es, 216; indeter-
minate sentence, 216; jurisdiction, 216; place of impris-
onment, 216; place of trial, 217; second offense, 217;
state not liable to person convicted of crime, 217; sus-
pension of sentence, 218, 475 ; uniformity of punishment,
31, 218; equal protection of the laws, 226; rules of evi-
dence, 231 ; appeals, 233 ; death penalty, 233 ; conviction
for lesser offense, 234; procedure, 294; changing ven-
ue, local law, 421 ; special jurors, 423; judgment, effect
of pardon, 474; parol, 474; extradition, 476.
Crimmins, John D., Convention of 1894, III. 27 ; committee
on apportionment, 206.
General Index. 405
Cromwell, Oliver, protectorate, I. 719; disperses Parliament,
III. 144; death of, 144.
Crooked Lake Canal, construction authorized, II. 55; com-
pletion noted, 56 ; sale proposed, 542, 546 ; abandonment
act of 1877, 548.
Crooker, George A. S., Convention of 1846, II. 104; on
clergvmen's right to hold office, 1 1 1 ; compensation of
state officers, 137; county courts, 156, 157; opposes
plan for convention once in twenty years, 210; removal
of judges, IV. 565.
Crosby, Abram C. Convention of 1894, III. 28; committee
on apportionment, 206; consideration and passage of
bills, 242; prison labor, 290; jurisdiction of court of ap-
peals, 352 ; forest preserve, 432.
Croton River, proposed canal connection with Sharon, Con-
necticut, II. 49.
CuUen, Edgar M. judge of court of appeals, II. 262 ; opinion,
right to use private property, IV. 121 ; governor's power
of removal, 736.
Cumberland County, mentioned, I. 42 ; representation in as-
sembly, 1774, III. 148; ceded to Vermont, 168; see Ta-
bles of Senate and Assembly Apportionments, 150, 168.
Currency, change prohibited, I. 34; decimal established, II.
31-
Curtis, George M., justice New York marine court, trial of,
senate, 1872, IV. 586.
Curtis, George William, Convention of 1867, II. 243 ; on re-
ligious freedom, 291; woman suffrage, 312; mayors,
353 ; chairman committee on education, 361 ; on national
grant for education, 368 ; state board of charities, 393 ;
resolution for adjournment of convention, 407.
Curtis, William E., New York superior court, opinion, due
process, what constitutes, IV. 87.
Custom Houses, Dougan authorized to establish, I. 29.
4o6 Constitutional History of New York.
D
Daly, Charles P., Convention of 1867, II. 244; member ju-
diciary committee, 248; remarks on judicial tenure, 257;
on New York common pleas, 275; governor's cabinet,
344 ; convention's power to fix time for submission, 410.
Daly, Joseph F., member of Unification Commission, 1899,
IV. 714.
Damages, eminent domain, trial by jury, IV. 44, 45; nui-
sance, 50; consequential, eminent domain, 117; remedy
on judgment for, cannot be impaired, 264; vested rights,
326.
Dana, Federal, Convention of 1846, II. 104; on negro suf-
frage, 122.
Danforth, Azel W., Convention of 1846, II. 104; remarks on
clergymen's right to hold office, ill.
Danforth, George F., service in court of appeals, II. 261 ;
chairman Judiciary Commission of 1890, 685.
Danforth, George L., Convention of 1894, III. 27; powers
of convention, 669.
Daniels, Charles, supreme court, opinion, eminent domain,
compensation, buildings in streets, IV. 121 ; civil serv-
ice, preference of veterans, 226, 292 ; remarks on consid-
eration and passage of bills, III. 239; origin of test
oath, IV. 789.
Dannemora, Qinton prison located at. III. 372.
Dansville, proposed canal to Mount Morris, II. 50; local law,
IV. 392.
Darnel, Sir Thomas, refuses to pay forced loan by Charles
I., I. 717.
Dartmouth, Earl of, remarks on compensation of lieutenant
governor, IV. 492.
Davenport, William B., Convention of 1894, III. 26; trial
by jury in criminal cases, 73 ; minority report on cities,
640, 648.
General Index. 407
David, Hebrew king, combined civil and military authority,
IV. 466.
Davies, John C, Convention of 1894, III. 28; committee on
apportionment, 206; enlargement of senate and assem-
bly, 210.
Davis, Cyrus E., Commission of 1872, II. 470; motion to
strike out drainage amendment, 477; proposition au-
thorizing sale of canals, 542; municipal indebtedness,
excluding charitable corporations, 560.
Davis, George A., Convention of 1894, III. 28; on drainage,
31-
Davis, Gherardi, assembly, 1902, forest preserve amend-
ment, III. 450.
Dean, Benjamin S., Convention of 1894, III. 29; on pool-
selling, 49; woman suffrage, 82; bribery at elections,
84; challenges to voters, 102; method of voting, 109,
113; bipartisan election boards, 129, 130; apportion-
ment, 209, 217, 230; consideration and passage of bills,
242; referendum, 301, 390; minority representation in
court of appeals, 348 ; canal improvement, 384 ; comple-
tion of capitol, 390 ; electrical power on canals, 390 ; lu-
nacy Commission, 473; classification of cities, 629;
cities, second passage of bill by legislature, 645, 647,
650.
Dean, Gilbert, assembly, 1863, introduces soldier vote amend-
ment, II. 237, senate, member committee on cities, re-
port, 1 89 1, 680.
Death, damages for injuries causing, I. 331, 743; IV. 179;
Convention of 1894, III. 57 ; English statute, 1846, 58 ;
New York statutes, 59, 60; notes on amendment, IV.
179; penalty of, legislative power, IV. 67, 216, 233.
Decedents' Estates, distribution of, Magna Charta, I. 84 ; de-
scent, special law, II. 497; trial by jury, IV. 44; notes
on, 103 ; jurisdiction of surrogate's court, 616.
De Chastellux, Chevalier, letter from General Washington
concerning canals, 1. 693.
Decimal Currency, established in state, II. 31.
4o8 Constitutional History of New York.
Declaration of Independence, New York ratifies, I. 36, 34,
487; text of, 108-114; included in First Constitution,
IV. 4-
Declaration of Right, 1689, enactment and summary of, I.
723-
Deficiency Loans, Convention of 1867, II. 385, 404.
Delaware County, erected. III. 172; anti-rent troubles in,
II, 20; murder of Osman N. Steele, 20; Governor
Wright declares county in state of insurrection, 20 ; see
Tables of Senate and Assembly Apportionments, III.
150, 168.
Delaware & Hudson Canal Company, authorized to construct
canal, II. 51 ; canal completed, 57; state aid to, 93, 99.
Delaware & Susquehanna Navigation Company, authorized
to construct canal, II. 52.
Delegation of Legislative Power, notes on, II. 79, 82, 627;
III. 301, 535; IV. 131, 189, 650; general article, 218;
boards of supervisors, 219, 448; cemeteries, 219; cor-
porations, 219; courts, 219; eminent domain, 219; for-
eign insurance companies, 219; free school law, 220;
local approval, 220 ; local boards, 222 ; to municipal cor-
porations, 223, 284, 318, 759, 773; official terms, 223,
759; United States, 223; villages, 223; highways and
streets, 238; supreme court, power as to joint bridges,
242 ; commissioners of land office, grants of land under
navigable waters, 513 ; county judge's salary, 614.
Demers, George W., testimony as to contents of governor's
message. Smith case, IV. 582.
Democratic State Convention, 1869, opposes new Constitu-
tion, II. 421 ; 1881, approves free canal amendments,
646; 1882, declares against competition between con-
vict labor and free labor. III. 277; 1883, on convict
labor, 278 ; 1889, on restriction of liquor traffic, II. 666.
Denio, Hiram, court of appeals, opinion as to validity of bills
signed after adjournment of legislature, II. 335 ; scope
and purpose of Constitution, IV. 1 1 ; powers of legisla-
ture, 202 ; privileges and immunities, 291 ; legislative
General Index. 409
power, wills, 332; legislative power, new judicial tri-
bunals, 623 ; appointment of local officers, 745.
Deposit (village), local law, IV. 385.
Deputy Governor, NicoUs appointed by Duke, I. 24; under
Dongan, to act as governor, 30; proposed in first con-
vention, 529.
Descent, special law, II. 497.
De Tocqueville, Alexis, on New England town system of
government, II. 671.
Devlin, John E., Convention of 1867, II. 244; sectarian ap-
propriations, 394.
Dewey, Melvil, member of Unification Commission, 1899,
IV. 713.
De Witt, Charles, in last colonial assembly, I. 474 ; Conven-
tion of 1776-7, 486; member of committee on plan of
government, 490.
De Witt, Simeon, attributes to Gouverneur Morris original
idea of Erie canal, I. 700; member canal commission,
1810, 702; Commission of 181 1, 704.
Deyo, Robert E., Convention of 1894, III. 27 ; higher educa-
tion, legislative control of, should be free. III. 559.
Dicl<ey, William D., Convention of 1894, III. 27; on trial
by jury, 67; voting age, 80; bipartisan election boards,
130; committee on apportionment, 206; on executive
term, 308; court of appeals, second division, 348 ; juris-
diction of appellate division, 357; judges, service after
abridgment of term, 368; lay judges, 371; amendment
omitting coroner from Constitution, 580; separate city
elections, third class cities, 641.
Dimock, Henry F., member Tilden Cities Commission, 1875,
II. 669.
Director General, chief Dutch colonial officer, I. 12; pow-
ers, 12, 13 ; often ignored council, 15.
Directory, when provisions deemed, IV. 17, 353.
Disorderly Persons, trial by jury, IV. 44; habitual criminals,
47-
4IO Constitutional History of New York.
District Attorney, appointment and removal, I. 206, 269, 389,
672, 674; IV. 720; duty in bribery cases, I. 310, 391 ;
II. 380 ; IV. 793 ; term, I. 673 ; Convention of 1846, II.
208; Convention of 1867, 350; office created, 529;
Commission of 1872, 562; qualifications of. III. 317;
is a state officer, IV. 722.
District Courts. See Court, District.
District Libraries, established. III. 517, 519.
Divorce, by statute prohibited, I. 229, 328; IV. 144; Con-
vention of 1867, II. 325 ; trial by jury, IV. 45 ; "vested
right in judgment for alimony, 327.
Dix, John A., governor, character of Commission of 1872,
II. 471 ; unwilling to call extra session to consider
amendments, 472 ; compensation of members of the leg-
islature, 491 ; regent, committee on instruction of teach-
ers, III. 514.
Dodge, William I., Convention of 1821, I. 631 ; on lotteries,
III. 44.
Dolan, James, contests John G. Seeley's seat in assembly,
II. 131-
Dongan, Thomas, appointed governor, I. 27, 429; instruc-
tions to, 27, 429; calls assembly, 28, 429; III. 137;
selection of officers, I. 29; to establish courts, 29; to
grant public lands, 29; to establish custom houses, 29;
militia, 29; III. 587; authorized to purchase Indian
lands, I. 30; new commission, 31, 435 ; dissolves assem-
bly, 435 ; conversion of negroes and Indians, 655 ; is-
sues patent for Rensselaerwyck Manor, II. 15; school-
master's license. III. 482; New York charter, 611 ; Al-
bany charter, 612; assembly, freedom of debate, IV.
365-
Doolittle, Theodore S., first school in New York, III. 477.
Dorlon, Robert, Convention of 1846, II. 104 ; on equal suf-
frage, 119.
Dom, Robert C, canal commissioner, impeachment, trial,
IV. 607.
General Index. 411
Doty, Lockwood R., Convention of 1894, III. 28; abrogat-
ing codification provision, 56; method of voting, 113;
local and private laws, 304 ; use of canal waters for mu-
nicipal purposes, 377 ; state aid regulated, 391 ; munici-
pal aid to be specifically applied, 474.
Douglass, Frederick, woman suffrage convention, 1848, II.
306.
Dower, Magna Charta, I. 80; preference of dowress, 81;
Charter of Liberties, 104; eminent domain, IV. 117;
legislature cannot impair right of, 262.
Drafted Men, reimbursement of, act invalid, IV. 248, 314,
693-
Drainage, swamps, I. 300, 350, 408; II. 497; IV. 415, 418;
agricultural lands, I. 327; II. 292, 398; III. 31; IV.
136; Commission of 1872, II. 476; Convention of 1894,
III. 31 ; drainage act of 1895, 33 ; notes on, IV. 93, 103,
134; eminent domain, 117; amendment of 1894, 140;
local law, 405, 420; county judge may appoint commis«
sioners, IV. 751.
Draper, Andrew S., chosen first commissioner of education,
IV. 716.
Duane, James, leaves New York at opening of Revolution,
I. 46; Convention of 1776-7, I. 485; member of com-
mittee on plan of government, 491 ; presents proposed
Constitution, 494; proposes apportionment by conven-
tion, 506; committee on ownership of property, 550;
not present when Constitution adopted, 556; senate,
committee on education. III. 492; regent, recommends
public schools, 501.
Dudley, James M., Commission of 1872, II. 470; sectarian
appropriations, 475, 554, 556; excise, 475; drainage,
477; III. 31 ; boards of supervisors, II. 503; limitation
of municipal indebtedness, 560 ; appointment of district
attorney, 562; official oath, 564; IV. 726, 789.
Due Process of Law, charter of Liberties, I. loi ; United
States Constitution, 14th Amendment, I. 158, 733; state
Constitutions, 214, 228, 327, 734, 735; IV. 68; when
provision violated, IV. 23; defined, 37; general note,
412 Constitutional History of New York.
83 ; liberty, 85 ; what is due process, 86 ; classified, 90.
Is Due Process, animals, IV. 91 ; barber law, 91 ;
bottling acts, 91 ; Brooklyn, 91 ; contempt, 92 ; crimes,
92 ; drainage, 93 ; elevators, 93 ; excise, 93 ; forest pre-
serve, 94; gambling, 94; game, 94; indemnitors, 95;
insane persons, 95; insurance companies, 95; jurors,
95 ; letters, 96 ; license, 96 ; liens, 96 ; mileage books,
96 ; milk ordinance, 96 ; monopolies, 96 ; New York city,
96; Niagara reservation, 97; nuisances, 98; recogni-
zance, 98 ; summons, substituted service, 98 ; taxes, 98 ;
trusts, 99; vinegar act, 100; \VTiite Plains, 100.
Not Due Process, animals, IV. 100; appeal, 100;
cause of action, loi ; commitment, loi ; compulsory ar-
bitration, loi ; contempt, loi ; corporations, 102 ; de-
cedents' estates, 103 ; drainage, 103 ; evidence, 103 ; ex-
cise, 103; fire limits, 104; foreclosure, 104; franchise,
104; indemnitors, 105; inebriate asylum, 105; labor
law, 105; married women, 106; metropolitan police dis-
trict, 106; mileage books, 106; monuments, 106; New
York city, 106; notice of assessment, 107; notice of
injury, 108; oleomargarine, 108; partition, unknown
heirs, 109; passage tickets, 109; private roads, 109;
prizes with food products, 109; procedure, preferences
in civil actions, 109; proceeding without process, no;
real estate sales in certain cities, no; receivers, no;
redemption on execution sale, no; sheriff's costs on
attachment, no; summary proceedings against certain
trespassers, in; tenement houses, in; transfer tax,
in; vaccination, in; villages, in; vinegar, 112;
warehousemen, 112; witness, 112.
Duer, John, Convention of 1821, I. 636; member judiciary
committee, 677; on lotteries. III. 45.
Duganne, Augustine J. H., Convention of 1867, II. 243 ; on
drainage of agricultural lands, 292 ; excluding criminals
from right of suffrage, 303; appointment of attorney
general, 344.
Duke's County, erected. III. 139; transferred to Massachu-
setts, 149.
General Index. 413
Duke's Laws, promulgated, I. 24, 423; courts under, 458;
militia, III. 586; home rule, 610, 621.
Duke of York. See York, Duke of.
Dunkirk, incorporated, III. 619; postoffice lease, IV. 569;
judgment restraining use of city park, 572; appoint-
ment of water commissioners, new office, 751.
Dunmore (Lord), John Murray, appointment as governor
revoked. III. 696.
Durfee, Henry R., Convention of 1894, III. 28 ; poolselling,
49; propositions relating to elections, 134; considera-
tion and passage of bills, 241 ; executive, tie vote, 312;
civil service, preference of veterans, 332; transfer of
canals to Federal government, 381 ; forest preserve, 432 ;
regents, appointment of superintendent of public in-
struction, 558.
Dutch Charters, powers, I. 5.
Dutch West India Company, incorporation, I. 6, 7, 412 ; pow-
ers, 6, 7, 412, 413; III. 584; IV. 455; confirmed, L 8;
governor and council, 11; commercial objects, 15; po-
litical agency, 16, 30; powers essentially proprietary,
23; early records lost, 410; begins colonization, 412;
III. 608 ; courts, I. 454 ; encourages slavery, 653 ; pro-
motes education, III. 481 ; acquires Indian lands, IV.
154-
Dutchess County, erected, III. 139; mentioned, I. 42; fairs
established in, II. 62; representation in assembly, 1774,
III. 148 ; see Tables of Senate and Assembly Apportion-
ments, III. 150, 168; charges against sheriff, IV. 721.
Dwight, Charles C, Convention of 1867, II. 245 ; on bribery,
296 ; board of prison managers, 377.
Dwight, Theodore W., Convention of 1867, II. 245 ; member
of judiciary committee, 248; author of proposed chari-
ties article, 391, III. 459.
Dyer, William, charged with treason, I. 427; effect of, on
movement for popular government, 428.
Dykman, Jackson O., supreme court, opinion, police pow-
er, IV. 276.
414 Constitutional History of New York.
Earl, Robert, court of appeals, opinion, article 3, section 16,
IV. 380, 381 ; reserved power over corporations, 671 ;
service in court of appeals, II. 261.
East River, ferries, II. 62; bridges over, I. 300, 350, 408;
II. 497 ; IV. 416, 430.
Eddy, Thomas, member canal commission, 1810, 1. 702; com-
mission of 181 1, 704; calls City Hotel canal meeting,
1815, 705; canal memorial, 1815, 706.
Edgewater, first trustees, legislative appointment invalid, IV.
75°.
Edmonds, John W., supreme court, opinion, Indian titles,
IV. 168 ; conditional pardon, 473 ; health officer, status
of, 744.
Education, encouraged, freedoms and exemptions, I. 9;
schoolmasters required, 10; Sloughter's instructions,
34; schoolmaster's license, 34; III. 745; common
school fund, I. 216, 269, 388; II. 361 ; IV. 718; litera-
ture fund, I. 269, 388; II. 361 ; IV. 718; United States
deposit fund, I. 269, 388; II. 361; III. 518; IV. 718;
of defectives, I. 308, 383, 386 ; IV. 680, 708 ; common
schools to be maintained, I. 387, 736; IV. 705; uni-
versity continued, I. 388; IV. 709; sectarian aid pro-
hibited, I. 388; IV. 719; state aid to educational insti-
tutions recommended, II. 94; state superintendent of
common schools proposed, 137; Convention of 1846,
204, 206 ; free schools proposed, 204, 205, 206, 362, 369,
405, 660; III. 531 ; Mr. Jay's suggestion for First Con-
stitution, II. 206; Mr. Bowdish's speech, 207; Mr.
Hoffman's proposed section adopted, 207; Convention
of 1867, 361 ; superintendent of education, 361 ; state
board of education, 362, III. 559; Cornell University,
11.362; compulsory, 370; III. 531; Commission of
1872, II. 556, 561; lotteries for. III. 35, 36; superin-
tendent of public instruction, appointment proposed.
General Index. 415
313 ; gospel and school lots, 393, 497, 499; in charitable
institutions, 470 ; general article, 475 ; in the colony,
476; expenses of maintaining schools, how paid, 479;
academic instruction, 480; policy of Dutch West India
Company, 481 ; English indifference concerning public
schools, 482, 533; schoolmasters' licenses, 483, 485,
497; no public school system established, 483; Mal-
colm's school, 484; Society for the Propagation of the
Gospel in Foreign Parts, 484, 564 ; instructions to Gov-
ernor Tryon, 485 ; Kings College, 486, 492.
Education under the First Constitution, III. 487 ; Mr.
Jay's suggestions, 488; Governor Clinton recom-
mends public education, 491, 492; the university, 492,
494, 548 ; common schools, 500, 623 ; Clermont school,
502; first common school law, 1795, 503, 615, 623; lot-
tery act of 1801, 504; common school fund established,
505 ; common schools established, 1812, 508.
Under the Second Constitution, III. 509; Governor
De Witt Clinton's recommendations, 511 ; instruction of
teachers, 511, 517, 521, 541; department of public in-
struction recommended, 1835, 516, 540, 546; IV. 710;
supervision. III. 517, 519, 525, 532, 538; district library,
517, 519; department of education recommended, 519;
IV. 710 ; colored children. III. 520 ; IV. 226, 706, 707,
708; school commissioner, III. 520, 547; teachers' li-
censes, 520; Albany Normal school, 522.
Under Third Constitution, III. 524; free schools,
525; free school law, 1849, 528; court of appeals de-
clares act unconstitutional, 529; IV. 220; free school
law, 1851, III. 530; rate bill abolished, 1867, 530; Uni-
fication, general note, 532; township administration,
538 ; teachers' institutes, 541 ; Oswego Training School,
542; Union free schools, 543, 623; IV. :2i4, 711;
Henry Howe's report, 1848, III. 544; superintendent
of public instruction. III. 545 ; IV. 710, 716.
Convention of 1894, III. 551 ; committee on educa-
tion, 554; common schools, 554; university, 557; IV.
712; education funds, III. 560; sectarian aid, 560; or-
4i6 Constitutional History of New York.
phan schools, 573; rights of citizens construed, IV. 31,
291 ; is education a privilege or a right, 707.
Unification act of 1904, 709, 716; university convo-
cation, 1899, 713; unification commission appointed,
713 ; report of, proposed bill; 714 ; legislative joint com-
mittee, 1903, 716.
Education, Department of, recommended, III. 519; IV. 714.
Edwards, Ogden, Convention of 1821, I. 636; opposes lot-
teries, III. 43 ; removal of judges, IV. 561 ; appointed
circuit judge, 1823, I. 690; definition of Constitution,
IV. 10 ; power of oyer and terminer to grant reprieve,
475*1.
Edwards, Samuel, justice of supreme court, issues writ of
prohibition to Convention of 1894, III. 666.
Eight Men, chosen, I. 416; powers, 417.
Eighth Avenue Railroad Company, private or local law, IV.
394-
Elections, how conducted, I. 169, 199, 233, 333; II. 296;
IV. 196; when held, 1. 197, 239, 242, 245, 271, 348, 355,
359, 390, 395; IV. 361, 464, 508, 760, 786; for local
officers, I. 271, 390, 395; IV. 760, 786; bribery, I. 296,
331 ; II. 231, 379, 406, 464, 466, 481 ; IV. 191 ; special
law prohibited, I. 300, 350, 408 ; II. 497 ; IV. 416, 423 ;
bipartisan board, I. 333; III. 114; IV. 197; plan pro-
posed in first constitutional convention, I. 507 ; colonial
laws applied, 513; Jay's plan viva voce voting, 513;
first election under Constitution, 572; to be free, 724,
730, 740; separate state and municipal, II. 671 ; III. 216,
306; Convention of 1 894, 74-134; proposed election
commission, 133; election expenses, 134; officers, edu-
cational qualifications, 319; proposition to limit juris-
diction of supreme court, 373; political contributions,
134, 3757 653 ; regulating use of money at, 691 ; declar-
ing result of election, IV. 224; election districts, 224;
special elections, 224; town meetings^ 224; validating
irregular, 299 ; expenses of candidates, 790.
General Index. 417
Elective Franchise, is it a right or a privilege, I. 641, 643;
II. 122, 125; III. 132; privileges and unmunities, IV.
292.
Electrocution, not cruel and unusual punishment, IV. 67 ;
death penalty, manner of inflicting, legislative discretion
conclusive, 216.
Elevators, legislature may regulate use of, IV. 93; charges,
278.
Eleventh Amendment (United States), judicial power limit-
ed, I. 15s; when does not affect state jurisdiction, IV.
27.
Elizabeth Island, first assembly apportionment, III. 138.
Ellicott, Joseph, commission of 1816, I. 707.
EUicott's Creek Slack- Water Navigation Company, author-
ized to construct canal, II. 52.
Elliott, Jonathan, debates in Federal Constitutional Conven-
tion, cited. III. 596.
Ellis, De Witt C, bank superintendent, trial of, senate, 1877,
IV. 587.
Elmira, incorporated. III. 619; city chamberlain, extension
of term invalid, IV. 744.
Elmira Reformatory, management of, II. 584.
Emancipation Day, I. 658, IV. 307.
"Emergency" Messages, authorized, I. 349; IV. 375; note
on. III. 242.
Eminent Domain, 5th Amendment, I. 154, 733; state Consti-
tutions, 214, 228, 327, 734, 739; IV. 68; compensation,
how ascertained, I. 228, 327; IV. 135; Convention of
1846, II. 188 ; proposed rule as to fee for railroad land,
292 ; when compensation to be paid, 475 ; Convention
of 1894, III. 69; trial by jury, IV. 45; property may
be taken by, 112 ; Federal government may institute pro-
ceedings, 113, 223; dower, 117; drainage, 117; high-
ways, 118; muniments of title, 122; water rights, 123;
general note, 125; foreign corporations, 127; second
taking, 127, 212; water companies, 123; corporations.
Vol. V. Const. Hist. 27.
4i8 Constitutional History of New York.
211 ; delegation of power, 219; obligation of contracts.
262 ; quantity of estate taken, 297.
Emmet, William T., Convention of 1894, III. 27 ; bribery at
elections, 84; restoration to citizenship, 310; religious
toleration, sectarian aid, 552.
Emott, James, court of appeals, opinion, corporations, re-
strictions on legislative power, IV. 671.
Enacting Clause, prescribed, I. 181, 240, 349; IV. 368; Try-
on instructions. III. 716; historical note, IV. 369 ; early
parliamentary forms, 370; early colonial forms, 372;
First Constitution, 374; Second Constitution, 374;
Third Constitution, 375.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, volume 18, procedure on opening
of Parliament, I. 447.
English Constitution, elements of, I. 55; IV. 9; based on
Magna Charta, I. 62.
English Language, required in legal documents, I. 453.
English Record Commission, report on Magna Charta, I. 65.
Enumeration. See Census.
Episcopal Charity School, incorporated, II. 61.
Equal Protection of the Laws (United States), 14th Amend-
ment, I. 158; notes on, IV. 225; defined, 227; foreign
corporations, 225; civil service, veterans, 226; crimes,
226 ; commerce, 226 ; Sunday barbering law, 226 ; resi-
dent insurance agents, 226; separate schools, 226;
security for costs, 227; poolselling, 227; hours of la-
bor, 227; tax on savings banks, 227; United States
flag, 228 ; registration of automobiles, 228.
Equity, legislature authorized to confer powers on certain in-
ferior courts, I. 688; judiciary act of 1823, 689; testi-
mony in equity cases, 253, 286, 366; II. 163; IV. 542;
trial by jury, IV. 45; notes on, 525, 529; equity juris-
diction may be conferred on surrogate's court, 617; jur-
isdiction of corporations, 675.
Erasmus Hall, chartered by regents, II. 61.
Erie Canal, opened, first boat on, 1825, I. 713 ; when com-
pleted, 713; II. 46, 48; proposed canal connection with
Catskill on the Hudson, 49; proposed canal to AUe-
General Index. 419
gheny river, 49 ; proposed connection with Black river,
50; canal to Montezuma salt works, 54; enlargement
authorized, 55, 57, 76, 79, 171, 220; III. 516; new
route authorized through Rome, II. 55; speed of boats
limited, 55; completion noted, 56; estimated cost of
enlargement, 80 ; at first a source of revenue, 182 ; Gov-
ernor Hunt on enlargement of, 219; proposed improve-
ment of. III. 376 ; admiralty jurisdiction, 527 ; not to be
sold, I. 306, 322, 380; II. 541; IV. 664.
Erie County, erected. III. 175; see Tables of Senate and
Assembly Apportionments, 150, 168; jury bill, 298;
local law, IV. 405.
Escheats, defined, I. 229, 328, 742; IV. 147; Convention of
1867, II. 327; local law, IV. 408; two-thirds bills, 437.
Esopus. See Kingston.
Essex County, erected, III. 172 ; assembly representation in,
157, 158; see Tables of Senate and Assembly Appor-
tionments, 150, 168.
Evarts, William M., Convention of 1867, II. 243 ; member of
judiciary committee, 248; on judicial tenure, 252, 260;
motion for life tenure, 257 ; on age of judges, 262 ; de-
tailing local judges for supreme court, 278; on surro-
gate's court, 280; compound senate districts, 317; op-
poses power to veto parts of bills, 341 ; member Tilden
Cities Commission, 1875, II. 669.
Evidence, in equity cases, I. 253, 286, 366; IV. 542; viola-
tion of excise law, IV. 94; tax deeds, 99; notes on, 103,
228; changing rules of, 228, 230; physical examina-
tions, 229 ; presumptions, 229, 376 ; rule of evidence de-
fined; no vested right in, 327; legislative journals, 376,
437 ; not admissible to show legislative intent, 436 ; in-
quiry as to genuineness of governor's message, 582 ; ac-
ceptance of city bill, 785.
Excise, prohibition amendments proposed, II. 230, 385, 665 ;
civil damages recoverable, 475 ; IV. 93, 232, 258, 281 :
Convention of 1894, III. 299; home rule, 625; trial by
jury, IV. 46, 48; evidence, 94; destruction of contra-
band liquors, 103; metropolitan police district, T06:
420 Constitutional History of New York.
rules of evidence, 230; legislative power, 232; liquor
tax certificate, 265 ; police power, 281 ; procedure, 295 ;
indirect taxation applied to, 316; revenue, two-thirds
bills, 439; civil service, special agent, 519; commis-
sioner, additional oath, 790.
Execution, Charter of Liberties, I. 103 ; sale redemption, IV.
no; exemptions, 272; vested rights, 327.
Exports (United States), by states, to be free, I. 140.
Ex Post Facto Law (United States), prohibited, I. 140; de-
fined, IV. 232, 234; taxation of reserved rents, 233;
forfeiture of citizenship, deserter, 233 ; husband or wife
as witness, 233 ; punishments for second offense, 233 ;
reducing punishment for perjury, 233; appeals in crimi-
nal cases, 233 ; changing manner of inflicting death pen-
alty, 233 ; indictment, conviction for lesser offense, 234.
Extra Compensation, prohibited, I. 302, 308, 353, 391 ; II.
323. 399. 504; IV. 451. 765; canal contracts, I. 305,
380, 401 ; II. 540, 593 ; IV. 667 ; Convention of 1867,
II. 327, 353; moral obligation as basis for, IV. 246;
"allowance," meaning of, 424 ; defined, 452 ; notes on,
452.
Extradition, governor's power, II. 136; note on, IV. 476.
Extraordinary Sessions of Legislature, authorized, I. 175,
200,242,355; IL321, 330, 400, 577; IV. 467; Conven-
tion of 1867, II. 321, 330, 400; suggested for considera-
tion of amendments in 1873, 472 ; Commission of 1872,
512; various propositions relating to, 577; power to
make reapportionment of legislature, IV. 346, 469 ; note
on, 467.
Factory Inspector, chief, proposed election of, III. 313.
Fairfield Academy, lottery for chemical and anatomical
school, in. 37.
General Index. 421
Faith and Credit, United States, judgments, Articles of Con-
federation, I. 117; United States Corist'tution, 147;
various questions considered, IV. 24.
Farrar, Lysander, Commission of 1872, II. 470; on drainage,
477-
Fassett, J. Sloat, senate, introduces amendment abolishing
common school fund, 1885, II. 662; prison law, 1889,
III. 283; convention bill, 1890, 21 ; member committee
on cities, report, 1891, II. 680.
Fasting and Prayer, first Convention appoints day of, I. 491 .
Fees, special law prohibited, I. 300, 350, 408; II. 497; IV.
416, 423 ; certain judicial officers not to receive, I. 257,
293.376; IV. 631.
Fenton, Reuben E., Governor, recommends submission of
commission of appeals amendment, II. 229 : comment
on vote for convention, 241 ; on pardoning power, 329 ;
proposes thirty day period, 338 ; on prison management,
375 ; supervision of charitable institutions, 390 ; New
York city, how affected by canals, 606 ; on railroad com-
petition, 624 ; registration. III. 97 ; politics in prison ad-
ministration, 322; recommends abolition of rate bill,
530 ; instruction of teachers, 542 ; number of militia,
600; transmits charges against Judge Smith, IV. 579,
588 ; testimony as to contents of message in Smith case,
582; recommends equalization of Civil War bounties,
642.
Ferries, under colonial charters, IV. 234; franchise held by
city, 267, 330 ; exclusive franchise, 428.
Ferry, Elijah E., Convention of 1867, II. 245 ; on supreme
court, 268, 693, 695; submission of Constitution, 411.
Feudal System, established in New Netherland, I. 413; un-
der Van Rensselaer lease, II. 16; note on, IV. 154.
Feudal Tenures, abolished, I. 229, 329, 742; II. 15, 116;
IV. 149.
Field, Ben, Convention of 1867, II. 245 ; assembly districts,
320.
Field, Stephen J., United States Supreme Court, opinion, lib-
erty of pursuit, IV. 85.
422 Constitutional History of New York.
Fiero, J. Newton, Judiciary Commission of 1890, II. 684 ; on
court of appeals, 688; election of general term justices,
696 ; minority representation in general term, 698 ;
council of law reporting, 718 ; court of claims, 719.
Fifth Amendment (United States), indictment, I. 154, 733;
IV. 70; twice in jeopardy, I. 154, 733; personal and
property rights, 154, 733; effect on states, IV. 27.
Finch, Francis M., court of appeals, opinion, limitation of
municipal indebtedness, IV. 688 ; service in court of ap-
peals, II. 261.
Fines, excessive, prohibited, I. 155, 227, 326, 733, 738, 739;
IV. 65; Convention of 1846, II. no; restraints on
alienation of land, IV. 152.
Fines, Penalties, and Forfeitures, special law, II. 497.
First Class Cities, real estate sales in, IV. no, 279; street
railroads, applying procedure, 415.
Fish, Hamilton, governor, suggestion as to gubernatorial
succession, II. 224 ; IV. 491 ; secretary of state, promul-
gates 15th Amendment, I. 159, 161.
Fish and Game, fishing in international waters, II. 293, 398 ;
special law, 497; proposed power to make ordinances,
III. 683; notes on, IV. 94; interstate commerce, 208;
police power, 280, 281; nets, 284; board of supervis-
ors, 451.
Fisher's Island, first assembly apportionment. III. 139.
Fishkill, dividing town, applying other statutes, IV. 412.
Fishkill & Beekman Plank Road Company, private law, IV.
403-
Fitch, Charles E., secretary Convention of 1894, III. 29; at-
tests Constitution, I. 402; III. 675.
Flag (United States), regulating use of, IV. 228, 281.
Flagg, Azariah C, secretary of state, superintendent of com-
mon schools, report, influence of New England school
policies. III. 538.
Flanders, Joseph R., Convention of 1846, II. 104; proposes
statutory definition of impeachable offenses, IV. 602.
Flatbush, teacher's contract in, III. 564 ; local law, IV. 399.
General Index. 423
Fletcher, Benjamin, colonial governor, erects borough of
Westchester, III. 142 ; number of militia, 588.
Flower, Roswell P., governor, II. 512; III. 22; on bill pro-
viding additional surrogate for New York, II. 283 ; leg-
islature contested elections, 582; judiciary amendment,
1892, 588; recommends constitutional convention, III.
22; suggests amendments to act of 1892, 23; personal
registration, 102; method of voting, 109; prison fi-
nance, 284; commissioners of jurors, 298; forest pre-
serve, 427.
Floyd, Nicoll, Convention of 1894, III. 26; Indian lands,
73 ; town officers and boards, 306 ; forest preserve, 432 ;
passes, 656.
Flushing, local law, IV. 399.
Folger, Charles J., Convention of 1867, II. 244; chairman
judiciary committee, 248; on surrogates' courts, 280,
281, 588; conferring on certain courts of record juris-
diction of surrogate's court, 282 ; jurisdiction of special
sessions, 284 ; method of choosing judges, 287 ; on stat-
us of convention delegates, 298, 311 ; favors large sen-
ate districts, 318 ; opposes power to veto distinct parts of
bills, 341 ; opposes appointment of attorney general,
345 ; limiting payments to Cornell University, 368 ; au-
thor of convention's address to people, 412 ; senate, bill
for submission of Constitution, 415; resolution assert-
ing senate's jurisdiction in Smith case, IV. 583.
Court of appeals, opinion, definition of local act, IV.
381 ; service in court of appeals, II. 261 ; resigns to be-
come secretary of the treasury in President Garfield's
cabinet, 261.
Food Products, notes on, IV. 109 ; police power, 278, 282,
284, 286, 289.
Foote, Nathaniel, Convention of 1894, III. 28; on improve-
ment of water powers, 31; drainage, 32; woman suf-
frage, 83 ; registration at primary elections, 103 ; meth-
od of voting, 109, 113; consideration and passage of
bills, 241; prepares civil service amendment, 329;
424 Constitutional History of New York.
member judiciary committee, 337; on number of equity
terms, 359; sectarian instruction in public schools, 579.
"Footprints of Four Centuries" (Doolittle), cited, III. 477.
Forbes, Francis, Convention of 1894, III. 27; on codifica-
tion, 57; method of voting, 113 ; New York courts, 364;
proposes canal debt, 377 ; forest preserve, 432 ; prohibit-
ing charitable appropriations by special law, 474; ap-
plication of sectarian aid amendment, 575.
Ford, Paul Leicester, "Writings of Thomas Jefiferson," cited,
I. 504.
Foreign Corporations, eminent domain, IV. 127, 211; legis-
lative control of, 212; insurance, delegation of power,
2ig; equal protection of the laws, 225 ; insurance, police
power, 282; insurance, agents of, 291 ; deposit by for-
eign bank, 292 ; procedure, 294 ; taxation of, 314; juris-
diction of supreme court, 529; jurisdiction of county
court, 615.
Forest Courts, Magna Charta, I. 87.
Forest Preserve, protected, I. 380 ; IV. 664 ; general article,
III. 391 ; state acquires unoccupied lands, 392 ; sale of
public lands, 392 ; acquisition of Indian lands, 392 ; IV.
164; gospel and school lots. III. 393, 500; state Park
Commission, 1872, 394; Yellowstone National Park,
395; park commission's report, 395, 442; destruction
of timber, 397, 405, 407; forest cultivation, 399, 408,
420, 423, 432, 439, 449 ; leases of forest lands, 400, 404,
420, 421, 427, 435, 449; regaining forest lands, 402;
Dr. Hough's views, 402; Governor Cornell's message,
1882, 403 ; forest lands withdrawn from sale, 1883, 405 ;
state to purchase forest lands, 407, 415, 422, 436; pub-
lic discussion, 408; Governor Cleveland's message,
1884, 409; report of senate committee, 1884, 410, 442;
the Comptroller's Cornmission, 1884, 411, 443; state to
pay taxes on public lands, 416, 428; forest preserve
established, 1885, 417; forest commission created, 419,
438 ; instruction in forestry, III. 420, 444 ; forest com-
mission recommends leases of state lands, 420; Gover-
nor Hill's special message, 1890, 420, 444; forest com-
General Index. 425
mission's special report, 1891, 422; area of Adirondack
region, 423, 437, 453, 510; Adirondack Park Associa-
tion plan, 425, 445 ; Adirondack Park established, 1892,
426; Governor Flower's message, 1893, 427; revision
of 1893, 428.
Convention of 1894, III. 429; select committee on for-
est preserve, 430 ; amendment adopted, 433 ; subsequent
history, 434; legislative amendment rejected, 1896, 436,
689; Governor Black recommends purchase of forest
land, 1897, 436 ; forest preserve board, 437, 438 ; Cor-
nell University, experiments in forestry, 438, 447; pri-
vate forest lands, 449; proposed constitutional amend-
ments, 450; purchase of forest lands discontinued, 451 ;
Governor Higgins recommends sale of certain forest
preserve land, 451 ; summary of acquisitions and ex-
penditures, 453 ; amendments proposed subsequent to
1894, 689; taking land for, IV. 94; Tryon's instruc-
tions, III. 740.
Forest Preserve Board, created, 1897, III. 437; consolidated
with forest commission, 438.
Forest Preserve Commission. See also Forest Preserve.
Created, 1885, III. 419; new commission, 1901, 438.
Forman, Joshua, canal resolution in assembly, 1808, I. 701 ;
joint committee's report, 701.
Forster, George B., senate, 188 1, introduces Hayes canal
amendments, II. 646.
Fort Edward, justices of the peace, limiting jurisdiction of,
IV. 619.
Forts, Fortifications, and Arsenals, jurisdiction of supreme
court, IV. 530; Tryon's instructions, III. 750.
Foster, William, member of lateral canal commission, 1876,
11. 547-
Fourteenth Amendment (United States), rights of citizens,
I. 157; II. 315; representation in Congress, I. 158; dis-
abilities of persons engaging in rebellion, 158; public
debts confirmed; certain claims not to be paid, 158; en-
forcement of article, 159; Federal jurisdiction of crimes
426 Constitutional History of New York.
against state, IV. 23 ; due process, 23, 89 ; transfer tax,
123; equal protection of the laws, 225; privileges and
immunities, 289.
Fowler, Loring, Convention of 1867, II. 245 ; prohibiting ex-
cise licenses, 386.
Fowler, Robert Ludlow, genesis of judicial system, I. 460.
Franchise, exclusive prohibited, I. 300, 350; II. 497; IV.
416, 427; limiting grants of. III. 631; proposed regu-
lation of public, 690 ; notes on, IV. 104 ; taken for pub-
lic use, 118; tax on, interstate commerce, 209; not ex-
clusive, 212, 261 ; Constitution not retroactive, 234; fer-
ries, 234, 267, 428; Fulton steamboat grant, 235, 427;
rival, 235, 325, 331; street railroads, 236; competing,
258; special tax law, 264, 315; defined, 314, 428; elec-
trical subways, 428 ; Brooklyn, using soft coal in, 429 ;
fishing in Hudson river, 429; poolselling, 429.
Francis, John M., Convention of 1867, II. 244; submis-
sion of Constitution, 411 ; Convention of 1894, III. 25;
on damages for injuries causing death, 62 ; religious tol-
eration, 68: prison labor, 290; city self-government,
638.
Frank, Andrew, Convention of 1894, III. 26; state officers,
how chosen, 313.
Frank, Augustus, Convention of 1867, II. 244; proper scope
of Bill of Rights, 289; Convention of 1894, III. 25 ; lia-
bility of bank stockholders, 455.
Franklin County, erected, III. 174; assembly representation
in, 157; see Tables of Senate and Assembly Apportion-
ments, 150, 168.
Free Canals, general article, II. 596; executive hopes and
prophecies, 597; relation of New York city to canals,
604; barge canal act, 1903, 607; Federal jurisdiction of
canals, 609; railroad competition, 612; railroad tolls,
613; abolished, 618; reimposition of railroad tolls
recommended, 618; reducing canal tolls, 625, 634, 644,
646; period of high tolls, 629 ; proposed amendment of
1 87 1, 631 ; Dr. Hayes introduces free canal amend-
General Index. 427
ments, 636; amendments adopted and approved, 648;
state should keep canals, 649 ; profit or loss, 653 ; state-
ment of canal receipts and expenditures, 654 ; bonding
act of 1870, IV. 645.
Free Cities of Europe, powers of, II. 200; compared with
American cities, 200; III. 607.
Freedman, John J., New York superior court, opinion, vot-
er's residence, IV. 184.
Freedoms and Exemptions, 1629, charter, I. 8, 413; II. 12;
III. 477; Indian lands, IV. 154.
1638, new charter proposed, I. 10, 414.
1640, new charter, municipal government, I. 9; III.
609; education. III. 478; militia, 584.
1650, further charter, I. 12 ; powers under, 413.
Free Masons, Grand Chapter, incorporated, II. 62.
Freemen, rights of, I. 84, 86, 100, 431 ; in Albany and New
York, 515.
Free Press, prohibited, I. 32, 34; guaranteed, United States
Constitution, 153, 732; state Constitution, 215, 228, 328,
734>739; IV. 141; Convention of 1894, III. 72 ; notes
on, IV. 141.
Free Schools, proposed, II. 204, 205, 206, 362, 369, 405, 660 ;
Convention of 1867, 362, 369; Governor De Witt Clin-
ton on, III. 512; note on, 525; free school law, 1849,
528 ; court of appeals declares act unconstitutional, 529 ;
IV. 220; act of 1851, III. 530. See Common Schools;
Education.
Free Speech, guaranteed. United States, I. 153; state Con-
stitution, 215, 228, 328, 734, 739; IV. 141; Bill of
Rights, 731.
French Constitution, Carlyle's comment on, II. 213.
Frost, Calvin, Judiciary Commission of 1890, II. 684; on su-
preme court, 697; county judges and surrogates not to
practise, 717.
Fugitives from Justice, United States, Articles of Confedera-
tion, I. 117; Constitution, 147; provision construed,
IV. 25, 28 ; extradition, 476.
428 Constitutional History of New York.
Fugitives from Labor, United States Constitution, I. 147;
provision construed, IV. 25; Judge Denio's comment
on provision, 291.
Fuller, Charles A., Convention of 1894, III. 28; on Fed-
eral relations, 67; new civil divisions, 305; age limit,
justices' courts, 364; county judge and surrogate not
to practise, 371.
Fuller, Oscar A., Convention of 1894, III. 29 ; on uniform
taxation, 305.
Fulton, Robert, commission of 181 1, I. 704; steEunboat
grants, IV. 235, 427.
Fulton County, erected. III. 179. See Tables of Senate and
Assembly Apportionments, 150, 168.
Fulton (village), qualifications of voters in, IV. 187, 774.
Galinger, Solomon, Convention of 1894, III. 26; on civil
service, preference of veterans, 331.
Gallatin, Albert, secretary of treasury, report as to canals,
1808, I. 702.
Gambling. See Lotteries. Penal Code, IV. 94.
Game. See Fish and Game.
Gansevoort, Leonard, Convention of 1776-7, I. 484; resolu-
tion directing report of committee on plan of govern-
ment, 494; president pro tern, signs Constitution, I.
188; III. 675.
Ganson, John, senate, 1863, introduces soldier vote amend-
ment, II. 238.
Gardiner, Samuel, secretary Convention of 1821, I. 211; at-
tests Constitution, 221 ; III. 675.
Gardiner's Island, first assembly apportionment, III. 139.
Gates, Thomas, Virginia charter, I. 17.
Gaynor, William J., supreme court, opinion, due process, kill-
ing vicious dog without notice to owner, IV. 100; action
against warehouseman, 112; obligation of contract, mu-
General Index. 429
nicipal indebtedness, 689 ; governor's power of removal,
725 ; extending term of city magistrates, 744.
Gebhard, John, Jr., Convention of 1846, II. 105 ; member of
committee on canals, 166.
Geddes, James, appointed to survey canal route. 1808; his
report, I. 702.
General Fund, condition in 1835, ^I- 7^> ^'^t of 1842, 84.
General Term. See Court, General Term.
Genesee College, gift from Ezra Cornell, II. 367.
Genesee County, erected. III. 173; assembly representation
in, 157; see Tables of Senate and Assembly Apportion-
ments, 150, 168.
Genesee Valley Canal, survey ordered, II. 49, 50 ; construc-
tion authorized, 55; estimated cost of enlargement, 80;
construction suspended, 84 ; Convention of 1846 directs
completion of, 172, 173; act of 1851, 221; sale pro-
posed, 542, 546; abandonment act of 1877, 548.
Genoa, local approval of statute, IV. 221.
George III. receives address from House of Commons rela-
tive to discontinuance of Revolutionary War, I. 47;
makes favorable reply, 47.
Germain, Lord, Tryon's letter to, relative to assembly, I. 44.
Gerry, Elbridge T., Convention of 1867, II. 244; on locat-
ing capital in New York, 388.
Gibney, John, Convention of 1894, III. 27; on court of ar-
bitration, 72; compensation of local officers, 305;
boards of arbitration, 306.
Gibson, James, senate, 1866, resolution amending governor's
message. Smith case, IV. 583.
Giegerich, Leonard A., Convention of 1894, III. 26; com-
mittee on apportionment, 206.
Gilbert, Francis R., Judiciary Commission of 1890, II. 685 ;
on court of appeals, 689; propositions relating to su-
preme court, 697 ; organization of general term, 699.
Gilbert, John I., Convention of 1894, III. 25 ; on court of ar-
bitration, 72; suffrage, educational qualifications, 79;
apportionment, 222 ; consideration and passage of bills,
242; boards of arbitration, 306; chairman select com-
430 Constitutional History of New York.
mittee on civil service, 329; remarks on civil service
amendment, 330, 334; member judiciary committee,
337; election of general term justices, 360; sectarian
aid, 472; annual legislative session, 581.
Gilleran, Thomas, Convention of 1894, III. 27; prohibiting
sectarian aid, 553; common schools, 556; opposes in-
clusion of University in Constitution, 559.
Gloucester County, mentioned, I. 42; no representation in
assembly, 1774, III. 148; ceded to Vermont, 168; see
Tables of Senate and Assembly Apportionments, mo,
168.
Gloversville (city), incorporated, III. 619; local approval of
statute, IV. 222 ; local law, 400.
Gloversville (village), local law, IV. 393.
Godkin, Edwin L., member Tilden Cities Commission, 1S75,
II. 669.
Goeller, Charles, Convention of 1894, III. 26; dower, right
to assert in certain cases, 74.
Goodrich, Milo, Convention of 1867, II. 245 ; member of ju-
diciary committee, 248; minority report on judiciary,
249; on supreme court, 266, 693; on county courts,
272 ; term of county judge, 274.
Goodelle, William P., Convention of 1894, III. 25 ; on waiver
of jury trial, 67; suffrage, educational qualifications,
79; qualifications for office, 134; legislature, contested
elections, 304; forest preserve, 432; favors university
section, 560 ; on passes, 657.
Gospel and School Lots, reserved from public lands. III. 393 ;
note on, 497; act of 1781, 499, 565.
Gould, John Stanton, Convention of 1867, II. 244; proposes
tax commission, 360; on education, 369; prison man-
agement, 377.
Gouvernier, Abraham, estimate of colonial militia. III. 58.
Governor (colonial), in general, I. 24, 25, 27, 31, 33; III.
709 ; powers, I. 28, 29, 42, 435, 442, 445 ; III. 697, 704;
official title, I. 31, 32; IV. 455, 459; Charter of Liber-
ties, I. 96 ; speech at opening of legislature, 450 ; power
to prorogue assembly, 33, 38, 431, 451 ; III. 701 ; char-
General Index. 431
acter of, IV. 460; right to sit in legislative council, I.
445 ; IV. 484, 495.
Governor (state), qualifications and term, I. 175, 199, 200,
241. 303. 354. 355. 524. 668, 672; II. 133, 135, 511, 512,
577; 111.307,317; IV. 454, 458, 463 ; general powers
and duties, I. 175, 176, 200, 242, 303, 355, 526, 527, 668;
II. 134; IV. 465; consideration of bills, I. 196, 244,
304, 357, 639; II. 134, 331, 339, 400; III. 306, 311, 312,
IV. 493, 498, 778; time of election, I. 197, 242, 355;
IV. 464; pardoning power, I. 201, 242, 356, 526, 669;
II- 13s. 577; III- 310; IV. 472. 532, 730; to appoint
judicial ofificers, I. 204; compensation, I. 201, 242, 303,
355, 669; II. 133, 513 ; IV. 465, 471 ; deputy proposed
in first convention, I. 529 ; to commission officers, 535 ;
first election under Constitution, 572; Convention of
1821, 668, 671 ; speech to legislature discontinued, mes-
sage substituted, 670; power of removal, I. 206, 270,
312, 314, 360, 362, 386, 389, 674; II. 208, 350, 523, 537;
IV. 578, 720, 724, 736, 768; Convention of 1846, II.
133; eligibility to other office, 133, 135; first election
under Third Constitution, 217; Convention of 1867,
328; thirty-day period, I. 304, 357; II. 331, 518; IV.
493. 505. 785; veto power, II. 339, 518; III. 245, 312;
extraordinary sessions, I. 175, 200, 242, 355 ; II. 321,
330, 400, 577 ; IV. 465, 467 ; Commission of 1872, II.
511; communications to legislature, 514; "emergency"
messages, I. 349 ; III. 242 ; IV. 375 ; concurrent resolu-
tions, proposed amendment requiring approval of. III.
305 ; Convention of 1894, 306; tie vote, I. 200, 242, 355 ;
III. 312; IV. 464; historical note, IV. 454; governor's
power covers wide field, 458; note on qualifications,
463 ; on election of, 464 ; military authority, 466, 766 ;
messages and recommendations to legislature, 469;
transaction of public business, 470; expedite public
measures, 470; "take care that the laws are faithfully
executed," 471 ; extradition, 476 ; when office deemed
vacant, 479 ; presenting bills to, 497 ; recall of bills, 499 ;
action on bills, 501 ; direct and indirect vetoes, 502 ;
432 Constitutional History of New York.
New Hampshire rule, 503; when action becomes final,
Illinois rule, 504; deposit of laws in office of secretary
of state, 507; as member of council of revision, 555;
may recommend removal by senate, I. 207, 211, 253, 287,
370; IV. 554, 577, 588; not subject to mandamus, 731 ;
appointments to fill vacancies, 761.
Governor's Cabinet, proposed, II. 344 ; plan adopted by Gov-
ernor Roosevelt, IV. 457.
"Governors, Lives of the" (Jenkins), cited, II. 132.
Grady, Thomas F., senate, 1883, bill submitting proposition
to abolish contract labor in prisons. III. 278,
Graham, James, speaker of revived assembly, 1691, I. 439;
introduces new charter of liberties, 439; author of act
creating supreme court, II. 150.
Graham, James P., assembly, 1887, convention bill, III. 6.
Graham, John Lorimer, regent, committee on instruction of
teachers, III. 514.
Grand Jury, established, I. 102, 440 ; when indictment neces-
sary, IV. 68; note on, 69; Albany county act of 1881;.
72.
Granville Canal Company, authorized to construct canal, 11 .
51-
Gratuities, prohibited, I. 59, 308, 323, 384, 506; IV. 683;
notes on, 686 ; reimbursing town collector for mone)
lost, 686; opening judgment, 687 ; street damages, 687.
Graves, Ezra, Convention of 1867, II. 245 ; plan for court of
appeals, 251 ; submitting woman suffrage proposition to
women only, 312; authorizing prohibitory laws, 386.
Gravesend Bay, proposed canal connection with Southhold
bay, II. 49.
Gray, John Clinton, judge of court of appeals, II. 261 ; opin-
ion, apportionment of 1892, III. 199, 218; drainage
amendment of 1894, IV. 141 ; Albany bipartisan police
commissioner bill, 740.
Greeley, Horace, Convention of 1867, II. 243 ; chairman
committee on suffrage, 294; presents report, 294; on
voting residence, 303 ; opposes submission of Constitu-
tion "in patches," 304; submission of woman suffrage
General Index. 433
proposition, 312; III. 83; minority representation in
senate, II. 318; assembly districts, 319; compensation
of senators, 320 ; opposes creation of office of county su-
pervisor, 349; on adjournment of convention, 408.
Green, Andrew H., Convention of 1894, III. 27; minority
report, damages for injuries causing death, 61 ; on
method of voting, 114; consideration and passage of
bills, 237 ; executive term, 308 ; court of appeals, term
of judges, 348; New York surrogate's term, 362 ; state
insurance fund for the aged, 391 ; private bankers, 458 ;
abolishing office of commissioner of United States de-
posit fund, 582; cities, election of corporation counsel,
632.
Green, Joseph I., Convention of 1894, III. 27; on trial by
jury, 67 ; rights of accused, 68 ; abolition of capital pun-
ishment, 72 ; method of voting, 1 14 ; rules of evidence
and counsel in bribery cases, 653.
Green, Manly C, justice of supreme court, denies writ of
prohibition against Convention of 1894, III. 669.
Greene, Alpheus S., Convention of 1846, II. 104; on dlec-
tive franchise, 125 ; committee on canals, 166.
Greene, George W., assembly, 1890, introduces judiciary
commission bill, II. 683.
Greene, William C, Judiciary Commission of 1890, II. 685 ;
county judges and surrogates not to practise, 716.
Greene County, erected. III. 172. See Tables of Senate and
Assembly Apportionments, i$0, 168.
Griffin, Daniel G., Judiciary Commission of 1890, II. 685 ; on
election of judges to court of appeals, 696; bipartisan
general term, 699; gifts to judges, 717.
Griswold, John A., Convention of 1894, III. 27 ; on prison
labor, 291 ; free transportation of public officers, 655.
Grote, George ("History of Greece"), independence of
Greek cities, I. 550; cited. III. 489.
Grover, Martin, service in court of appeals, II. 261.
Gubernatorial Succession (colony), Dongan's first commis-
sion, I. 30; IV. 486; under second commission, I. 32;
general rule in colony, 43 ; III. 708 ; IV. 486.
Vol. V. Const. Hist. 28.
434 Constitutional History of New York.
Gubernatorial Succession (state), lieutenant governor, I.
176, 201, 243, 357; IV. 477; president of senate, I. 177,
201,243,357; IV. 481; speaker, I. 357; 11. 226; III.
309; IV. 481, 490; Governor Fish on, II. 224; IV. 491 ;
general notes on, II. 225; proposed amendment to in-
clude speaker, 226; IV. 491; action by first conven-
tion, 484; Convention of 1821, 489.
Guden, Charles, sheriff of Kings county, proceedings for
removal of, II. 564; IV. 724.
Guy, Charles L., senate, 1898, amendment, appellate division,
III. 679.
H
Habeas Corpus, suspension regulated, I. 140, 214, 227, 326,
734. 737 ; IV. 65 ; Hadden case, I. 577 ; English stat-
ute, 720; Convention of 1867, II. 289; writ cannot be
abrogated, IV. 237.
Hadden Case, Habeas Corpus, power of supreme court, I.
577; IV. 611.
Hadley, Sterling G., Convention of 1867, II. 245 ; on juris-
diction of special sessions, 284.
Haight, Albert, judge of court of appeals, II. 262 ; opinion,
trial by jury, IV. 42.
Hale, Matthew, Convention of 1867, II. 245; member of
judiciary committee, 248; supreme court plan, 267;
general term plan, 269; convention's power to fix time
of submission, 411; on supposed prejudice against
Constitution, 421 ; member of senate judiciary commit-
tee, 1869, 416.
Hallam, Henry (Middle Ages), comment on Magna Charta,
I. 717.
Hamilton, Alexander, advocates Federal convention, I. 130;
prepares new form of Van Rensselaer lease, II. 16; re-
gent of university. III. 495, 501.
Hamilton College, lottery for. III. 37.
General Index. 435
Hamilton County, erected, III. 175; see Tables of Senate
and Assembly Apportionments, 150, 168; lay judges in,
371; may be abolished, I. 298, 343 ; II. 487; IV. 347.
Hamlin, Frank H., Convention of 1894, III. 28; on deten-
tion of witnesses, 73; referendum, 301.
Hammond, Jabez D., "Political History of New York," cited,
1.605; n. 132; III. 317; IV. 359.
Hand, Samuel, service in court of appeals, II. 262 ; member
Tilden Cities Commission, 1875, 669.
Harbor Masters, franchise to, IV. 235 ; powers of, 264.
Hardenburgh, Jacob, Convention of 1867, II. 244; senate,
1873, 480.
Harlem Canal Company, authorized to construct canal, II.
52.
Harlem River Bridge, applying other statutes, IV. 413.
Harlem River Canal Company, authorized to construct canal,
II. 52.
Harper, Robert, leaves New York at opening of Revolution,
I. 46; Convention of 1776-7, 485; senators, voters for,
property qualifications not to be required, 516; re-
eligibility of senators, 532; trial by jury, unanimous
verdicts not to be required, 547; member of council of
safety, 563 ; member of assembly, 571 ; new council of
safety, 582.
Harper, William, Convention of 1776-7, I. 486; on term of
senators, 517; council of appointment, proposition to
exclude governor, 532, 597.
Harris, Ira, Convention of 1846, II. 104; on rights of con-
science, 110; feudal tenures, 116; limitation of leases,
118; favors increase of senate, opinion of Third Con-
stitution, 214.
Convention of 1867, II. 243; on senate districts, 318;
new capitol, 388.
Harrison, John T., Convention of 1846, II. 105 ; on race in-
equality, 123; pardoning power, 136.
Hart, Orris, Convention of 1846, II. 105 ; member of judici-
ary committee, 140; other official service, 141.
436 Constitutional History of New York.
Hastings, George S., governor's secretary, testimony as to
contents of message. Smith case, IV. 582.
Hawley, Charles A., Convention of 1894, III. 28 ; on codifi-
cation, 56; method of voting, iii, 112; temporary
president, 233 ; "riders" on appropriation bills, 245 ; no-
tice of introduction of bills, 302 ; legislature, procedure,
and adjournment, 304; board of pardons, 310; civil
service, qualifications of veterans, 332 ; compensation of
justices of the peace, 374; charities, 469; supervision
of charitable institutions, 472 ; lunacy commission, 473 ;
legislative regulation of university's powers, 557.
Hawley, Gideon, first superintendent of common schools. III.
508.
Hayes, Isaac I., on canals, I. 696 ; II. 605 ; assembly, 1878,
introduces free canal amendments, II. 625, 636; per-
sonal note, 636; speeches on free canals, 637, 641 ; III.
383 ; legislative action thereon, II. 643 ; death of, 647.
Hedges, Ira M., Convention of 1894, III. 27; on militia,
603.
Hempstede Convention, called, I. 423; powers, 423; pro-
mulgates Duke's laws, 423.
Hendricks, Francis, senate, member of committee on cities,
report, 1891, II. 680.
Herkimer County, erected, III. 171 ; see Tables of Senate
and Assembly Apportionments, 150, 168.
Herrick, D. Cady, supreme court, opinion. Home for Aged
Men, IV. 194; civil service, veterans, 521; fixing of-
ficial term, 759.
Herzberg, Aaron, Convention of 1894, III. 26; on consti-
tutional convention, when question to be submitted, 660 ;
constitutional convention, how constituted, 662.
Higgins, Frank W., Governor, recommends woman suffrage
in third class cities, II. 310; appoints counsel, 510;
"emergency" messages. III. 244.; forest preserve, 451;
convenes legislature in extraordinary session. Hooker
case, message relative thereto, IV. 571.
General Index. 437
Highways, local law prohibited, I. 299, 350, 408; II. 400,
497; IV. 415, 418; lottery for certain great roads, III.
36; lottery for certain great roads in Schoharie county,
36; improvement of, 688; private roads, IV. log,, 237;
bicycle path, 114; eminent domain, 118; abutting own-
ers, 118; snow and ice, 123, 239; crossing railroads,
128; construction and use of, 237; laid out under uncon-
stitutional statute, 244 ; legislature may compel construc-
tion of, IV. 249; change of grade, 251 ; loans for, 252 ;
police power, 288 ; use of, 288 ; damages, vested right
in award, 326; when public has vested right in, 328;
local law, 418; defined, 420; proceedings to open, juris-
diction of county court, 615 ; improvement of, proposed
constitutional provision, 669 (adopted, V. S51); dam-
ages, public purpose, 694; lighting streets, public pur-
pose, 695.
Hill, David B., lieutenant governor becomes governor, IV.
479; governor, II. 512; legislature contested elections,
581 ; court of appeals, second division, 585 ; vetoes bill
submitting judiciary amendment, 587 ; limitation of mu-
nicipal indebtedness, 658; indebtedness of New York
city, 659 ; recommends abolition of common school fund,
663 ; regulation of the liquor traffic, 666 ; recommends
submission of prohibition amendment, 667; appoints
Judiciary Commission, 1890, 684; or. calling a consti-
tutional convention. III. 3, 18; vetoes convention bill,
1887, 7, 13; veto of enumeration bills, 1885, 16; special
message, enumeration, 17; renews recommendations for
a convention and an enumeration, 20; re-elected gov-
ernor, 1888, 21 ; on general registry law, loi ; com-
pulsory voting, 132; on proposition to abolish contract
labor in prisons, 278 ; substitute for contract labor sys-
tem, 280 ; prison labor act, 1888, 282 ; urges adoption of
permanent prison labor policy, 283 ; on forest preserva-
tion, 412; forest preserve, special message, 420, 444,'
bill authorizing purchase of forest lands, 422 ; suspends
a judge from office, IV. 567 ; recommends abolition of
university, 711; elected United States senator. III. 21.
438 Constitutional History of New York.
Hill, Henry W., Convention of 1894, IH. 28; on method of
voting, 109, no, 112; Swiss referendum, 301; legisla-
ture, 303 ; speech on canals, 380 ; remarks on common
schools, 556; city laws, referendum, 629; cities, second
passage of bill by legislature, 645.
Hirschberg, Michael H., Convention of 1894, III. 25 ; coun-
ty judge and surrogate not to practise, 371 ; member
committee on education, remarks on university section,
559; education in charitable institutions, 578.
Hiscock, Frank H., supreme court, opinion, civil sei-vice, vet-
erans, IV. 522.
"History of Greece'' (Grote), cited, I. 550; III. 489.
"History of New Netherland" (O'Callaghan), cited, I. 13,
419; III. 609.
"History of Roman Law" (Hunter), cited, IV. 8.
"History of the University of New York" (Hough), cited,
III. 487.
Hobart, John Sloss, Convention of 1776-7, I. 485 ; member
of committee on plan of government, 490 ; committee to
organize new government, 560; associate judge su-
preme court, 564 ; summoned before assembly in Had-
den case, 577; official action sustained, 578.
Hoffman, John T., Governor, recommends legislation for
new judiciary article, II. 464; on bribery at elections,
464, 465, 482 ; constitutional reform, 467, 521 ; senate,
485; recommends abolition of assembly districts, 489;
on compensation of members of the legislature, 490;
three readings- of bills, 495 ; on general laws, 498 ; de-
centralization, 502; extra compensation, 505; gov-
ernor's term, 511 ; veto power, 519; IV. 505; appoint-
ment of state officers, II. 521, 527; IV. 456; on prison
*ianagement, II. 533 ; III. 273 ; recommends repeal of
town bonding acts, II. 557 ; city administration, 566, 570 ;
on railroad competition, 624; statement of canal reve-
nues, 629 ; on reduction of canal tolls, 630, 632 ; opposes
transfer of canals to Federal government, 651 ; on uni-
form registry law, III. 98, 99; limitation of governor's
General Index. 439
authority, IV. 471 ; charges against Judge Prindle, 583,
588; charges against Judge McCunn, 585, 588;
charges against Judge Curtis, 586, 588.
Hoffman, Michael, assembly, 1842, chairman Ways and
Means, II. 83 ; Convention of 1846, 104; chairman com-
mittee on finance, 83; chairman committee on canals,
166; speech on canals, 170; favors sale of Genesee val-
ley and Black river canals, 172; on limiting state debts,
176, 179; state aid, 180; contents of tax law, 182; ap-
propriations, 182; proposed education section adopted,
207; remarks on Third Constitution, 214; canal tolls,
616; prepares convention's address to people, 215.
Hoffman, Murray, New York superior court, opinion, basis
of Sunday laws, IV. 61.
Holcomb, Wright, Convention of 1894, III. 26; voting resi-
dence, 90; registration, 106; new office, incumbents,
how chosen, 582.
Holland, Great Privilege of, II. 11 ; education in. III. 476.
Holley, Myron, canal commission, 1816, 1. 707.
HoUs, Frederick W., Convention of 1894, III. 25 ; on com-
pulsory voting, 102, 131, 132; referendum, 301; no-
tice of introduction of bills, 302; executive term, 307,
308; civil service, 328; religious toleration and sec-
tarian aid, 463, 552 ; chairman committee on education,
554; remarks on common schools, 555; regents, ap-
pointment of superintendent of public instruction, 558;
favors university recognition in Constitution, 560; on
secular education, 578; militia, 602; separate city and
state elections, 628; Constitution, how to be attested,
675 ; chairman of Unification Commission, 1899, IV.
713-
Home for Aged Men, status of inmates, IV. 194.
Home Rule, under Freedoms and Exemptions, I. 9, 10, 413 ;
Articles of Capitulation, 422; under Duke's Laws, 424;
Commission of 1872, II. 569; Tilden Commission's re-
port, 1877, 670, 674; senate committee on cities, 1891,
677; education, III. 499, 502, 503, 508, 521, 533, 536,
537> 543-
440
Constitutional History of New York.
General note, 605; choice of local officers, 608, IV.
734; in the colony, III. 608; Dutch West India Com-
pany, 608; Freedoms and Exemptions, 609; Duke's
laws, 610, 621 ; Dongan charter of New York city, 610,
621; Dongan charter of Albany, 612, 622; the First
Constitution, 612; committee of safety, resolution for
election of local officers, 613; local elective officers at
adoption of Constitution, 613; council of appointment,
614; cities incorporated under First Constitution, 614;
beginning of village government, 614, 622; common
schools, 615, 623; under second Constitution, 615;
county and city officers, 616; cities incorporated under
^ Second Constitution, 617; under Third Constitution,
617; general village laws, 618; cities incorporated un-
der Third Constitution, 619.
Powers of local government. III. 620; IV. 734;
early colonial legislation. III. 622 ; early state laws, 622 ;
county government, 623 ; excise laws, 625 ; state care
of insane, 626 ; special franchise tax, 626 ; Convention
of 1894, 626; consolidation of cities and villages, 629;
proposed home rule article for cities, 632, 639; plan
adopted, 650; enabling acts of 1895 and 1900, 652;
constitutional provisions, I. 179, 180, 205, 207, 208, 222-
224, 256, 269, 270, 292, 374, 389 ; IV. 618, 732, 733.
Appointments by state authority, IV. 736 ; bipartisan
board, 739; civil service, 740; extension of term, 741;
firemen, 744; health officer, 744; justices of the peace,
745; new civil divisions, 745; new office, 748; trans-
fer of powers, 753; uniformity, 756; vacancies, 757;
municipal corporations, delegation of power, 773.
Homestead Exemption, proposed, II. 114.
Hooker, Warren B., justice of the supreme court, proceed-
ings for removal of, acquittal, IV. 568-577.
Hornblower, William B., Judiciary Commission of 1890, II.
684; on election of judges, 696; passes to judicial of-
ficers, 717; judicial terms, 718.
Hornellsville, incorporated. III. 619.
General Index. 441
Horse Racing, proposition to prohibit, III. 45 ; constitutional
and statutory regulations, I. 328; III. 46; Convention
of 1894, III. 48; Ives Pool law, 1887, 47; racing act,
1895. 51- .
Horseshoers, licensing, act invalid, IV. 283.
Hosack, David, botanic garden, lottery for purchase of. III.
37-
Hotchkiss, Henry D., Convention of 1894, III. 26; on civil
service, preference of veterans, 331 ; court of appeals,
343 ; liability of bank stockholders, 457 ; city self-gov-
ernment, 638; separate city elections, 641.
Hottenroth, Adolph C., Convention of 1894, III. 27; on
damages in drainage cases, 33 ; private property, com-
pensation for taking, 69 ; taxation, 303 ; railroad fran-
chise, 306 ; canal improvement, 382, 385 ; coroner, 580.
Hough, FrankUn B., member State Park Commission, 1872,
HI. 394 ; views on forest preservation, 402 ; address be-
fore New York Chamber of Commerce Committee, 408 ;
address before legislative committee, 418; History of
the University, Kings College, 487.
Hours of Labor. See Labor.
House of Commons, resolutions relative to discontinuance of
vRevoIutionary War, I. 47; contested elections, II. 581 ;
resolution demanding Pitt's dismissal, IV. 559; privi-
leges of members, 610.
House of Refuge, removal of superintendent, IV. 759.
House of Representatives (United States), qualifications of
electors, I. 133; qualifications of representatives, 133;
apportionment, 133; vacancies, 134; powers, speakers,
officers, impeachment, 134; elections, 135; revenue bills
originate in, 137; New York delegates, how chosen,
180.
Howe, Henry, report on Education, 1848, III. 544.
Howland, Horace V., Commission of 1872, II. 470 ; on emi-
nent domain, 475; aliens, right to hold and transmit
property, 475 ; boards of supervisors, 503 ; canals not to
be sold, 542.
Hubbard, John F., Jr., Commission of 1872, II. 47°; on eli-
gibility of clergymen to office, 474.
442 ' Constitutional History of New York.
Hudson, Henry, discovery of New York bay, I. i8, 411.
Hudson, incorporated. III. 614 ; lottery for ferry to Athens,
37-
Hudson River, lottery for improvement of navigation, IH.
36; Adirondack forests, effect on, 398, 409, 414; salt
water in, 414; volume of water in, 414, 433; Federal
jurisdiction, IV. 26; concurrent state and Federal ju-
risdiction, 27; riparian owner, right of, 122, 150; Al-
bany basin, 125 ; speed of steamboats on, 283 ; bridges
over, I. 300, 350, 408, II. 497; IV. 416, 430; fishing in,
privilege not exclusive, IV. 429.
Hudson & Berkshire Railroad Company, state aid to, II. 99.
Hunt, John H., Convention of 1846, II. 105; proposed
amendment to Bill of Rights, 109; on negro suffrage,
121.
Hunt, Ward, commission of appeals, opinion, constitutional
question in appellate court, IV. 13.
Hunt, Washington, governor, on canal problems, II. 218;
benefits from canals, 603; railroad competition, 622;
reduction of canal tolls, 626; convict labor. III. 272;
free school law, 530; extraordinary session of 185 1, IV.
468.
Hunter, James, Convention of 1821, I. 632; proposition
relative to liability of bank stockholders, II. 33.
Hunter, John, Convention of 1846, II. 106; member of com-
mittee on canals, 166.
Hunter, Robert, Colonial Governor, dissolves assembly. III.
144; schoolmaster's license, 482; money bills, IV. 367.
Hunter, William Alexander, "History of Roman Law,"
cited, IV. 8.
Huntington, Abel, Convention of 1846, II. 106; opinion of
Third Constitution, 214.
Huntington, Edward, Convention of 1846, II. 105 ; opposes
submission of debt law to people, 177.
Husted, James W., assembly, 1887, introduced constitutional
convention bill. III. 6.
Hutchins, Waldo, Convention of 1867, H- 243 ; member of
judiciary committee, 248.
leneral Index. 443
I
[lion, police justice, IV. 624.
[llinois, governor may withdraw approval of bill, IV. 504.
[mpeachments (state), by assembly, I. 182, 210, 248, 282,
371, 538, 673; IV. 598; charges against Judge Van
Ness, IV. 556, 607; general note, 599; Convention of
1821, 600; Convention of 1846, 602; proposed statu-
tory definition of impeachable offenses, 602; Conven-
tion of 1867, 602; impeachment trials, 603; assembly
judiciary committee, 1853, report on power of impeach-
ment, 603, 728 ; resolution defining power, 604 ; Barn-
ard case, 605, 607; assembly judiciary committee, 1872,
evidence of misconduct during prior terms, 605 ; Majher
case, 606; Dorn case, 607; officer impeached still sub-
ject to criminal prosecution, 612.
[mpeachments (United States), president and vice president,
I. 145.
Incompetent Persons, disposition of property, II. 497.
Indemnitors, substitution of, IV. 95, 105, 294.
Indian Lands, Dongan authorized to purchase, I. 30; pur-
chase of, Imited, I. 185, 217, 230, 329, 554, 750; II.
114; III. 738, 752; IV. 152; Convention of 1867, 11.
389; Indian reservations, 389 ; Convention of 1894, III.
73 ; state acquires, 392 ; trial by jury, IV. 47 ; bridge on
reservation, 149; historical note, 152; Jay amendment,
152; Dutch policy, 154; English policy, 155; Treaty
of 1701, 157; Sir William Johnson's negotiations, 158;
Fort Stanwix treaty of 1768, 159; Governor Tryon's
report, 159; treaty of Paris, 1783, 162; state policy,
163; Chancellor Kent's views, 164; Judge Bronson's
opinion, 167 ; Massachusetts claim, 168 ; other judicial
construction, 169; taxation of, 173, 316; Federal juris-
diction of, 239 ; summary removal of. intruders, 282.
[ndictment, Charter of Liberties, I. 102 ; Federal Constitu-
tion, 154, 733; Second State Constitution, 214, 734;
444 Constitutional History of New York,
Third Constitution, 227 ; Fourth Constitution, 326, 737 ;
IV. 68 ; notes on, IV. 69, 70.
Industrial Schools, provision for, III. 575.
Inferior Local Courts. See Courts, Local.
Ingraham, George L., supreme court, opinion, witness
against himself, IV. 80; qualifications of voters, 180;
retrospective laws, 204 ; liability of county for sheriff's
acts, 723 ; special city laws, object of provision, yyy.
Initiative and Referendum, proposed. III. 300, 682, 683, 690 ;
city laws, 629, 634 ; when people may approve statute,
IV. 220; state debts, 650.
Injuries, notice of, as prerequisite to action, IV. 108.
Insanity, notes on, IV. 95.
Inspection Laws, notes on, IV, 514.
Inspectors of Prisons, how chosen, I. 246; II. 137; historic-
al note, II. 138, 374; III. 248; abolished. III. 313.
Insurance, tax on premiums, IV. 95, 117, 247, 428; chan-
ging mutual to stock company, 213; foreign companies,
reciprocity, 219; tax on resident agents, 226; member
of mutual company cannot maintain action against it,
264, 301 ; foreign companies, police power, 282 ; agents
for foreign companies, 291 ; foreign companies, license
fee, 443; North American Insurance Company, de-
posits by, 634.
Interest on Money, special law prohibited, I. 300, 350, 408;
II. 497; IV. 416, 423.
Interregnum, Colonial, general article, I. 43-54.
Interstate Commerce. See Commerce.
Intoxicating Liquors. See Excise.
Investigations. See State Trials and Investigations.
Involuntary Servitude, Van Rensselaer lease did not create,
IV. 26.
Irving, Washington, "Life of Columbus," legislature recom-
mends use of, in schools. III. 573.
Italy, treaty construed, application of labor law, IV. 37.
Ithaca, incorporated. III. 619.
General Index. 445
Ithaca & Owego Railroad Company, state aid to, 11. 97 ; fails
to pay interest, 99.
Ives Pool Law, enactment, 1887, III. 47; racing act of 1895,
51; sustained, IV. 67; privilege not exclusive, 428.
Jackson, James, Jr., canal commissioner, recommends sale
of Genesee valley canal, II. 546.
Jackson, Samuel W., Commission of 1872, II. 470 ; on limita-
tion of municipal indebtedness, 560.
Jackson, William, secretary Federal constitutional conven-
tion, I. 132.
Jacobs, Stephen B., Convention of 1894, III. 26; on appor-
tionment, 209.
Jail Liberties, act for providing, does not impair obligation of
contracts, IV. 271.
Jamaica, local law, IV. 400.
James I., Virginia charter, I. 17.
James II., Duke of York, becomes King, I. 22, 31 ; III. 140;
vetoes Charter of Liberties, I. 435 ; issues new commis-
sion to Governor Dongan, no assembly authorized, 435 ;
changes in colonial boundaries^ III. 149; abdicates, I.
32, 36, 436, 723.
James, D. Willis, member Forest Preserve Commission,
1884, III. 412.
Jameson, John Alexander, on First Constitution, I. 559.
Jamestown, incorporated, III. 619.
Jamestown Bar Association, complaint against Justice Hook-
er, IV. 568; represented by counsel at trial by legisla-
ture, 573.
Japan, preamble to Constitution, IV. 7.
Jay, John, leaves New York at opening of Revolution, I. 46 ;
Convention of 1776-7, I. 471, 485; II. 9; offers reso-
lution ratifying Declaration of Independence, I. 487;
member of committee on plan of government, 490;
446 Constitutional History of New York
member of committee on obstruction of Hudson river,
492 ; on special committee to visit King's Bridge, 493 :
reputed author of First Constitution, 471, 496; on gov-
ernor in legislative system, 505 ; IV. 374, 495 ; assembly
representation in Richmond county, I. 507; III. 157;
plan of conducting elections, I. 513; freemen in Albany
and New York, 515; publication of legislative proceed-
ings, 524; proposes council of appointment, 532, 597;
letter to Livingston and Morris, 534; propositions re-
lating to religious toleration, 544, 545; proposed limita-
tion on naturalization, 548; committee on ownership of
property, 550; objects to plan of appointing court clerks,
552 ; regrets failure of plan abolishing slavery, 554, 656 ;
proposes section relating to Indian contracts, 554; IV.
153; on education, II. 206; III. 488; not present when
Constitution adopted, I. 556; III. 488; committee to or-
ganize new government, I. 560; opinion of First Con-
stitution, 559.
First chief justice, state supreme court, I. 564; sum-
moned before assembly in Hadden case, 577 ; IV. 61 1 ;
official action sustained, I. 578 ; member of council of re-
vision, vetoes bill validating proceedings of council of
safety, I. 586.
Elected governor, I. 599; resigns as chief justice of
United States Supreme Court, 600; observations on
appointments, 600; special message relating to council
of appointment, I. 601 ; IV. 17; requests judicial opin-
ion as to powers of council, I. 605 ; suggests reorgani-
zation of legislature, 607; on canals, 1796, 698; refor-
mation of criminals. III. 247, 285; official service as
governor, II. 516; IV. 463.
Regent of university. III. 495, 501 ; maxim concern-
ing suffrage, 640 ; vindication as to powers of council of
appointment, I. 750 ; John Adams suggests his election
to Convention of 1821, 630; Pellew's life of, cited, 605.
Jay, Peter A., son of John Jay and delegate to Convention of
1821, I. 632, 63s; motion to strike "white" from suf-
General Index. 447
frage article, 661 ; remarks on, 661 ; appointment of
commissary general, II. 531 ; comments on power of
impeachment, IV. 601.
Jay, William, "Biography of John Jay," I. 496, 498.
Jefferson County, erected, III. 174; see Tables of Senate
and Assembly Apportionments, 150, 168; local law, IV.
398.
Jefferson County Canal Company, authorized to construct
canal, II. 52.
Jefferson, Thomas, proposes Constitution for Virginia, I.
503; first suggestion of senate, 503; recommends na-
tional aid in constructing roads and canals, 700. Writ-
ings of (Ford) cited, 504.
Jenkins, John Stillwell, "Lives of the Governors" cited, II.
132.
Jenks, Almet F., Convention of 1894, III. 26; status of in-
mates of Soldiers' Home, 88; member judiciary com-
mittee, 337; cities, powers of chief financial officers, 631 :
classification of cities, 639; separate city elections, 641 :
proposes special committee on cities, 648.
Jeopardy. See Twice in Jeopardy.
Jersey, East and West, included in second commission to
Andros, I. 32.
Johnson, Alexander S., court of appeals, opinion, definition
of Constitution, IV. 10 ; service in court of appeals, II.
262.
Johnson, Bama R., Commission of 1872, II. 470 ; on powers
of revision commission, 506.
Johnson, I. Sam., Convention of 1894, III. 28; bribery at
primary elections, 85; number of equity terms, 359;
electrical power on canals, 381 ; public funds, officer not
to derive benefit from, 391 ; individual bankers, 458 ;
state board of charities, supervision of reformatories,
472; official oath, primary elections, 653; bribery, local
officers, official contributions, 653.
Johnson, Jesse, Convention of 1894, III. 25 ; on pool selling,
50; registration, 105; election commission, 133; gen-
eral laws, 305; executive term, 308; member of ju-
448 Constitutional History of New York.
diciary committee, 337; on county officers, changing
terms in Kings and New York, 581 ; cities, bipartisan
election commissioners, police appointments, 632 ; chair-
man committee on cities, remarks on home rule, 636;
separate city elections, judicial officers, 641 ; cities, "leg-
islative body," 645 ; cities committee, third report, sub-
stitute section, 648, 650.
Johnson, Dr. Samuel, first president of Kings College, reser-
vation of public lands for religious and educational pur-
poses, III. 498.
Johnson, Stephen H., senate, 1851, report on railroad tolls,
II. 615.
Johnson, Sir William, negotiations with Indians, IV. 158.
Johnston, Robert M., Convention of 1894, III. 26; on com-
pensation of members of legfislature, 303 ; board of par-
dons, 311 ; duration of office, 581.
Jordan, Ambrose L., Convention of 1846, II. 104 ; on trial
by jury, no; feudal tenures, 116; member of judiciary
committee, 140; on eminent domain, 188; other of-
ficial service, 141.
Joshua, Hebrew leader, combined civil and military author-
ity, IV. 466.
Judge of Probate, office established, II. 161.
Judges, qualifications, I. 376; II. 148; supreme court, judge
may hold court in any county, I. 368 ; IV. 544 ; must be
disinterested, IV. 546; not to hold other office, notes,
55a ; removal of, general note, 554 ; First Constitution,
judges had power to review legislation, 555; charges
against Judge Van Ness, 556; Convention of 1821, 556 ;
proposed dismissal of the younger Pitt, 559; scope of
provision, 562; amendment of 1845, 5^3; Convention
of 1846, 563 ; Convention of 1867, 565 ; Convention of
1894, 566; Governor Hill suspends a judge from office,
567 ; summary of constitutional provisions, 567 ; Hook-
er case, 568-577; senate's power of removal, 577;
Smith case, 579 ; Prindle case, 583 ; McCunn case, 585 ;
Curtis case, 586; compensation, age limit, I. 289, 371;
IV. 590.
General Index. 449
[udiciary, Dutch West India Company's charter, I. 6, 412,
413; 11. 275; under Freedoms and Exemptions, I. 9,
II, 413; Dutch directors and councils, 13; Duke of
York's charter, 20, 422 ; under Andros commission, 25,
32; under Dongan commission, 29, 31, 436; Governor
Tryon's description of, 39; during interregnum, 51;
first convention appoints judicial officers, 54, 564; gen-
eral constitutional provisions, I. 56-60, 179, 181, 204,
206-208, 222, 224, 248, 281, 314, 364, 403, 405; IV.
523; in Magna Charta, I. 68, 69, 71, 73, 82, 83, 86, 87,
91; Charter of Liberties, 1683, 101-103; Declaration
of Independence, no; United States Constitution, 139,
14s, 154, 155; during colonial period, 422, 454; first
constitutional convention, 531, 535, 537, 538, 547, 552;
Hadden's case, 577; Convention of 1821, 674; amend-
ments to Second Constitution, II. 3, 5, 8 ; Convention of
1846, general article, 64-73, ^4°> Governor De Witt
Clinton points out inadequacy of system, 65 ; Governor
Marcy suggests enlargement of system, 66; various
plans proposed, 66; commission appointed, 67; relief
commissions proposed, 67; new judiciary article pro-
posed, 1838, 67; Governor Seward's recommendations,
68, 69, 71; new judiciary article proposed, 1841, 70;
Governor Bouck's suggestions, 71 ; on judicial system,
72; Convention of 1846, 140 ; several judiciary reports,
141; see references to various courts; miscellaneous
provisions, 162 ; tribunals of conciliation, 163 ; reorgan-
ized, judiciary act of 1847, 216; Constitution of 1846
not satisfactory, 226, 247.
Convention of 1867, II. 247; court for the trial of
impeachments, 249; court of appeals, 249 ; tenure, 251 ;
minority representation, 259; supreme court, 264; act
of 1870, II. 271 ; county court, 272 ; superior courts,
274 ; surrogate's court, 279 ; inferior local courts, 284 ;
courts of special sessions, 284; judiciary article ap-
proved, courts reorganized, 285; method of choosing
judges, 285 ; elective judiciary continued, 288.
Commission of 1872, II. 539; five amendments be-
VoL. V. Const. Hist. 29.
450 Constitutional History of New York.
tween 1874 and 1894, 575; proposed reduction of ju-
dicial terms, 592.
Judiciary Commission of 1890, II. 682; Convention
of 1894, III. 335; committee appointed, 337; court of
impeachments, 341 ; court of appeals, 341 ; relief of
court, 345 ; supreme court, 352 ; county court, 360 ; sur-
rogates' courts, 362 ; superior city courts, 362 ; inferior
local courts, 364; judicial pensions, 366; lay judges,
II. 148; III. 371; codes and statutes, proposition to
prevent frequent amendments of, 375; proposed
amendments subsequent to 1894, 685, 691 ; IV. 524, 536 ;
V. 551-
Legislative power, IV. 239; admiralty, 239; city
courts, 239 ; court of appeals, 240 ; extraordinary terms,
241; jurors, 241 ; justices' courts, 241, 623; legislature,
242; supreme court, 242 ; Troy recorder, 242 ; judicial
proceedings, libel, 143; amendments of 1905, 524; V.
551 ; supervision of public officers, IV. 534; new tribu-
nals, 628 ; second judicial district, division of authorized,
IV. 524; V. 551.
Judiciary Article, 1869, adopted, I. $7; H- 285, 402, 419;
text of, I. 282-295; when it took effect, 281, 291 ; IV.
614, 656; courts reorganized, II. 285.
Judiciary Commission of 1890, origin of, II. 682; commis-
sion act passed, 683 ; list of commissioners, 684 ; com-
mission organized, 685; report, 686; III. 336; court
of appeals, II. 686 ; supreme court, 691 ; III. 355 ; elec-
tion of general term justices, II. 694, 704; III. 359; su-
perior city courts, II. 707; county and surrogates'
courts, 710; III. 361; miscellaneous, II. 713; judicial
pensions, 713; county judges and surrogates in certain
counties not to practise, 716; III. 371; passes to ju-
dicial officers, II. 717; III. 653; judicial terms, II. 718;
council of law reporting, 718; court of claims, 719; re-
sults of commission's work, 722.
Judgment, defined, I. 182; of other states, 147; for dam-
ages, validity of, cannot be impaired, IV. 264; obliga-
tion of contracts, 265 ; remedy on, 302 ; vested right in,
328; foreign, effect in this state, 530; when cannot be
opened, 687.
General Index. 451
Junction Canal Company (inc. 1828), authorized to construct
canal, II. 52.
Junction Canal Company (inc. 1846), authorized to con-
struct canal, II. 53.
Jurors, qualifications to be prescribed, I. 29 ; special law pro-
hibited, 300, 350, 408; 11.497; IV. 416, 423; commis-
sioners of, IV. 95, 253 ; challenge, residence, 241 ;
special jurors in criminal cases, 423.
Jury, Trial, in colony, I. 40, 440 ; under Duke's laws, 459 ;
in mayor's court, 460 ; eminent domain, IV. 138.
Justices of the Peace, how chosen, I. 56, 204, 222, 256, 292,
374,672; 11.285; III. 616; IV. 618; official term, I.
205, 256, 292, 375, 672; IV. 618; removal, I. 205, 257,
292, 375, 674; IV. 618; time of election, I. 222, 256,
292,375; III. 364; IV. 618, 621 ; under Duke's laws,
I. 458; under act of 1683, 461; amendment of 1826,
222; II. 6, 162; III. 617; Convention of 1846, II. 142,
161; historical note, 162; jury trial, 290; Convention
of 1894, III. 364; fixed compensation proposed, 374;
trial by jury, IV. 48, 24a ; age limit provision not ap-
plicable to, 598; notes on, 619; office defined, limiting
jurisdiction, 619; may determine validity of statute, 620;
vacancies, 620, 762 ; abolishing office, 621 ; jurisdiction,
conversion of newspaper, 621 ; in cities, 621, 633 ; uni-
formity in method of selecting city judicial officers, 622,
756; justices in various municipalities, 623 ; home rule,
745-
Justices of Sessions, proposed abolition of, II. 274; office
abolished, I. 373 ; IV. 613, 737.
K
Keith, Rev. George, on public schools in the colony. III.
485.
Kellogg, Abraham L., Convention of 1894, III. 28; on
rights of employees, 70; title to property, prohibiting
452 Constitutional History of New York.
curative statutes, 73 ; validating conveyance, 305 ; gov-
ernor not to sign bill after adjournment of legislature,
311; repassage of vetoed bill, 312; elections, jurisdic-
tion of supreme court, 373 ; powers of regents, 558.
Kellogg, S. Alonzo, Judiciary Commission of 1890, II. 684 ;
on organization of general term, 699.
Kenefick, Daniel J., supreme court, opinion, special franchise
tax, IV. 756.
Kennedy, George N., supreme court, opinion, sale of sur-
plus canal water, IV. 665.
Kennedy, John A., Convention of 1846, II. 105; on negro
suffrage, 120.
Kent, James, chief justice, opinion, blasphemy, IV. 55;
chancellor, veto of constitutional convention bill, 1820,
I. 624 ; II. 414 ; delegate to Convention of 1821, I. 632 ;
II. 65 ; opposes extension of suffrage, I. 643 ; remarks
on negrp suffrage, 662, 664; on proposed abolition of
court of chancery, 680; on Bill of Rights, 715; council
of revision, 743, 745, 747; on First Constitution, 754;
appointment of attorney general, II. 527 ; population of
New York, 604; on lotteries, III. 43, 45, 46; parental
duty, opinion quoted, 556; status of Christianity, IV.
57; removal of judges, 560; vote necessary for im-
peachment, 600 ; opinion, New Jersey Constitution, 22 ;
Indian titles, 164; retrospective laws, 203; privileges
and immunities, 290 ; retires from office by operation of
age limit, I. 690; IV. 166; publishes commentaries,
IV. 166; service in council of revision, 555.
Kernan, Francis, Convention of 1867, II. 244; member of
judiciary committee, 248 ; favors appointment of attor-
ney general, 344; on adjournment of convention, 407;
motion for partial submission of Constitution, 409.
Commission of 1872, II. 470; canal expenditures,
542; savings banks, 551 ; municipal indebtedness, 560.
Kernan, William, member of Unification Commission, 1899,
IV. 714.
Kerwin, Dennis P., Convention of 1894, III. 27; on separate
submission of prison labor section, 677.
General Index. 453
Keteham, Leander S., Convention of 1867, II. 245 ; proposed
abolition of justices of sessions, 274; on county judge's
salary, 274.
Kieft, William, Dutch director, I. 414; reorganizes council,
414; consults masters and heads of families, 414; con-
sults inhabitants, 416; administration, 455; recalled,
417-
King, John A., Governor, notes failure to publish certain
constitutional amendments, II. 232; recommends reim-
position of railroad tolls, 618; canals should not be sold,
650; on purity of elections, III. 97.
King, Rufus, Convention of 1821, I. 631, 635; remarks on
negro suffrage, 662 ; on multiplication of corporations,
II. 64; common school fund. III. 509; removal of
judges, IV. 557.
Kings College, lottery for. III. 35, 39, 487; note on, 486,
533 ; petition for reorganization, 492 ; name changed to
Columbia, 495.
Kings County, erected. III. 139; mentioned, I. 42; under
British dominion during Revolution, 45; additional
county judge, I. 59, 318, 372; II. 576, 590, 712; III.
687; IV. 612; new assembly district proposed, II.
230; apportionment of 1702, III. 141 ; representation in
assembly, 1774, 148; see Tables of Senate and Assembly
Apportionments, 1 50, 168; apportionment of 1892, 203;
surrogate's term, 362 ; changing terms of county officers,
I. 389; III. 581; IV. 720; local law, 393, 395, 401,
407; judicial sales, sheriff's fees, 424; bridge over
boundary stream, 430; justices of supreme court, serv-
ice in, drawing jury, 594 ; Inebriates' Home, 694, 704 :
district attorney and coroner, changing term of, 723,
743, 787; commissioner of jurors, how appointed, 738;
town collectors, extension of term invalid, 742 ; commis-
sioners of charities, transfer of power to appoint, 756.
Kingston, incorporated. III. 619; first constitutional conven-
tion, I. 492 ; First Constitution adopted at, 556, and pro-
mulgated, 558; first meeting of legislature, 573; de-
454 Constitutional History of New York.
stroyed by British, 585; first assembly apportionment,
III. 138 ; costs in recorder's court, IV. 93.
Kirkland, Charles P., Convention of 1846, II. 105 ; member
of judiciary committee, 140; rtiinority report or judi-
ciary, 143; on county courts, 156; corporations, 189.
Kjiights of Labor, annulling local assembly, IV. 102.
Krum, Hobart, Convention of 1867, II. 245; method of
choosing county judges, 287.
Labor, Convention of 1894, III. 70; courts and boards of ar-
bitration proposed, 72, 306; officers, how chosen, 313;
protection of employees, 683 ; rights of citizens under
labor law, IV. 35 ; prevailing rate of wages, 105, 328,
695; liability of employers, 179; interstate commerce,
209; equal protection of the laws, 227; compensation
on state works, 243; hours of, 251, 282, 283; horse-
shoers, 283 ; skilled labor, labels, 429 ; wages on public
works, 511 ; protection of employees, 770; V. 551.
Lake Champlain Steamboat Company, incorporated, II. 62.
Lake Erie, proposed connection with Allegheny river, II. 49.
Lake Ontario, proposed canal to Rochester, II. 49 ; canal to
Seneca river, 54.
Lambert, John S., supreme court, opinion, commerce, fish
and game laws, IV. 280.
Landlord and Tenant, agricultural leases, general article, II.
10-27; distress for rent abolished, 21 ; IV. 272; rents
reserved to be taxed, 21 ; demands of tenants under Van
Rensselaer leases, 23; Van Rensselaer title judicially
confirmed, 26.
Landon, Judson S., Convention of 1867, II. 245 ; on court of
appeals and supreme court, 251, 267; jurisdiction of
court of appeals, 260 ; imprisonment of witnesses, 294 ;
absent voters, 303; separate submission of negro suf-
frage proposition, 316; limitation of cities article, 352;
supreme court, opinion, highways, local law, IV. 419.
General Index. 455
Lansingburgh (village), incorporated, III. 614, 622.
Lapham, Elbridge G., Convention of 1867, II. 245 ; on drain-
age of agricultural lands, 292 ; residence of voters, 303 ;
disqualification of voters, 303 ; notice of private or local
bill, 325.
Larceny, petit, first offense, included in misdemeanor, IV.
633-
Lateral Canals, sale proposed, II. 466, 542, 613; note on,
543; how disposed of, 544; examination of, ordered,
546; Commission of 1876, 547; commission's recom-
mendations, 547 ; abandonment act of 1877, 548.
Laughlin, Frank C, supreme court, opinion, Buffalo, re-
moval of police commissioners, IV. 527.
Lauterbach, Edward, Convention of 1894, III. 25; on pool
selling, 50; competency of witness, 68; judgment on
appeal, 73 ; probation for naturalized voters, 78, 375 ;
disqualified voters, 80; voting residence, 88, 90; regis-
tration, 103; method of voting, no; bipartisan election
boards, 127, 130; compulsory voting, 131; election ex-
penses, 133 ; apportionment, 207, 213, 215 ; favors pris-
on labor amendment, 293 ; on legislative procedure, 304 ;
concurrent resolutions, consideration and passage of
bills, 304, 305; executive term, 307; governor not to
sign bill after adjournment of legislature, 311 ; election
of state officers, 312; court of appeals, 373; procedure
on naturalization, 375; political contributions, 375;
Hamburg canal, 386 ; state board of charities, 459 ; re-
marks on charities article. III. 463 ; lunacy commission,
473 ; application of sectarian aid amendment, 575 ; city
officers, election in odd-numbered years, 629; officiid
oath at expiration of term, 652.
Law Dictionary, Abbott, cited, IV. 382.
Bouvier, cited, IV. 10, 382.
Burrill, cited, IV. 380.
Law and Equity, merged in supreme court, II. 152.
Law of the Land, defined, IV. 37.
Lawrence, Abraham, Convention of 1867, II. 245 ; on dis-
position of funds derived from public lands, 368.
456 Constitutional History of New York.
Lawrence, Melitiah H., Convention of 1867, II. 245; new
capitol, 388.
Lawrence, Sir Soulden, opinion, libel, report of judicial pro-
ceedings, IV. 143.
Laymen, as members of judicial tribunals, II. 148 ; when not
eligible, I. 376 ; IV. 631.
Learned, William L., supreme court, opinion, excessive bail,
applies only to criminal actions, IV. 68 ; adulteration of
food products, 282; Albany schools, parent's right of
selection, 707.
Leary, Michael A., Judiciary Commission of 1890, II. 685 ;
on judicial pensions, 714.
Leavenworth, Elias W., Commission of 1872, II. 470; on
sectarian appropriations, 475, 554; limitation of claims
aganst state, 550; capital stock in savings bank, 551;
educational funds, 556.
Legal Tender, colonial bills of credit, United States treas-
ury notes, II. 28 ; revolutionary bills of credit, 29 ; Fed-
eral act of 1862, IV. 28.
Legislative Bills, judicial examination of, proposed, I. 747.
Legislative Counsel, proposed, I. 453.
Legislative Law, privileges of members of legislature, IV.
611.
Legislative Power, Dutch West India Co., I. 6; Dutch di-
rectors and councils, 13; under Andros, 25, 32; after
assembly established, 27, 31, 33, 38; suspended by dis-
solution of colonial assembly, 44; Charter of Liberties,
95; IV. 373; Constitution, I. 167, 192, 234, 334; IV.
197; boards of supervisors, I. 241, 353; IV. 447; con-
ferred on governor and council, I. 435; assembly re-
vived, 437 ; First Constitution, 501 ; delegation of, II.
79, 82, 627; in. 301, 535; IV. 131, 189, 218, 284, 318,
449> 513-
General Note, IV. 197; defined, 200; retrospective
statutes, 203, 301, 303, 325, 326, 426; statutes presumed
valid, 206 ; attorneys, 207 ; commerce, 207 ; concurrent
resolution, 210; corporations, 210; crimes, 215;
declaratory statute, 218, 326; discrimination, 224; dec-
General Index. 457
tions, 224 ; equal protection of the laws, 225 ; evidence,
228; excise, 232; ex post facto law, 232; franchise,
234 ; habeas corpus, 237 ; highways and streets, IV. 237 ;
Indian lands, 239 ; judiciary, 239, 623, 628; labor, 243;
limitation of actions, 243 ; moral obligation, 245 ;
municipal corporations, 249; navigable waters, 255;
nuisance, 256; obligation of contracts, 257; officers,
274 ; police power, 276 ; privileges and immunities, 289 ;
procedure, 293 ; property, 296 ; ratification, 297 ; rem-
edy, 300 ; separable provisions, 303 ; slaves, 305 ; state
maritime jurisdiction, 307; Sunday, 308; taxation, 308 ;
vested rights, 324 ; wills, 332 ; reviving laws by refer-
ence, 411 ; publication of judicial decisions, I. 258, 294,
376 ; IV. 632 ; cannot authorize increase of price under
canal contract, IV. 667 ; legislature cannot appoint local
officers, 737, 742 ; legislature cannot extend terms of of-
fice, 741 ; repeal of village charter, 773.
Legislature (colonial), when composed of governor and
council, I. 27, 31, 32; after assembly established, 28, 33,
38 ; Charter of Liberties, 99 ; general article, 441 ; pro-
cedure, 443, 447.
Legislature (state), meets in New York after Revolution,
I. 50; organized, I. 54; reconstructed, 1801, 56; an-
nual meeting, I. 197, 271, 390; II. 583; III. 580, 581;
IV. 361 ; bills may originate in either house, I. 195, 240,
349; IV. 366; enacting clause, I. 181, 240, 349; IV.
368; local bills, L 241, 349; IL 323; IIL 303, 474, 632 ;
IV. 377; sessions to be public, I. 174, 240, 348; IV.
364; publication of proceedings, I. 174, 193, 240, 523;
IV. 364; first legislature, I. 573; procedure on organi-
zation, 576; governor's speech, 576; new council of
safety, 582; meets at Poughkeepsie, 585; ratifies pro-
ceedings of council of safety, 586, 588; interval of no
legislation, 589 ; Governor Jay suggests reorganization,
607; amendments of 1801, 601; III. 173; Second Con-
stitution changes basis of representation, I. 639; II.
128; III. 160, 176; resolutions opposing extension of
slavery, I. 659; power of removal, I. 204, 253, 271, 287,
^58 Constitutional History of New York.
370. 391. 673; IV. 554; freedom of debate, I. 28, 240,
348, 724, 731, 740; IV. 365; delegation of power, II.
79, 82, 627; III. 301, 535; IV. 131, 189, 218, 284, 318,
448, 513-
Convention of 1846, II. 126; repassage of bills, 134;
III. 312; Convention of 1867, II. 317; senate, 317;
assembly, 319; biennial sessions, II. 320, 321, 324, 580;
III. 146, 215, 226, 682; residence of candidates for, II.
320 ; compensation of members, 320, 399, 490, 580 ; III.
230, 303, 682; IV. 355; extraordinary sessions, I. 175,
200, 242, 355; II. 321, 330, 400, 512, 577; III. 16; IV.
465, 567; general suggestions, II. 321; III. 303, 305,
306; bill not to embrace more than one subject, II. 321,
399, 494; IV. 377; introduction of bills, II. 321, 325,
338, 495 ; laws not to be revived by reference, I. 299,
349; II. 322, 494; IV. 410; certifying bills, II. 322;
adjournment, II. 322, 399; charitable appropriations
limited, 322 ; state aid to corporations, 322 ; not to audit
claims against state, I. 301, 351 ; II. 322, 399, 501 ; III.
683 ; IV. 434 ; local or private bill, notice of introduc-
tion, II. 323, 325, 400, 494, 496; III. 302, 651, 718; IV.
417; consideration and passage of bills, I. 349 ; II. 325,
494; 111.235,304,306; IV. 375; thirty-day period, II.
331; III. 304; veto power, II. 339; local maritime
jurisdiction, II. 404 ; failure to submit amendments, 226,
466,576; Commission of 1872, II. 482 ; extra compen-
sation of members, I. 302, 308, 353, 391 ; II. 323, 327,
399, 504; IV. 451; contested elections, II. 576, 581;
III. 304; IV. 363; various amendments proposed, II.
577 ; Senator Vedder's apportionment plan, 578 ; oflScers
of, compensation, 582 ; adjournment, 583 ; III. 304, 311 ;
Convention of 1894, III. 134; legislative organization,
historical note, 134; legislative history not yet written,
136; first legislative apportionment, 140; Charter of
Liberties, 1691, 141 ; table of colonial assembly appor-
tionments, III. 150; assembly apportionments under
First Constitution, 152; table of assembly electors, 153;
assembly apportionments. Second Constitution, 159;
General Index. 459
unit of assembly representation, I. 507; III. 159, 212;
apportionment of 1822, based on Federal census of 1820,
III. 160, 176; apportionment of 1826, 160; table of
representative population, 162; table of assembly ap-
portionments, 165; senate apportionments, First Con-
stitution, 168 ; table of senate electors, under First Con-
stitution, 170; senate apportionments under Second
Constitution, 175 ; tables of senate apportionments, 168-
190 ; IV. 342 ; senate apportionments under Third Con-
stitution, III. 181 ; apportionment of 1892, 192 ; appor-
tionment of 1894, 204; committee on apportionment,
206; common schools, amendment of 1894, 554; new
restriction on power of, 674; proposed abolition of di-
rect taxation, 683.
Procedure on enactment of laws, IV. 16; practical
construction of Constitution, 17; cannot transfer prop-
erty from one private owner to another, IV. 38, 87,
296, 300 ; plenary power as to crimes and punishments,
66; general note, 197; retrospective statutes, 203, 229,
301, 303, 325, 326, 426; statutes presumed valid, 206.
Notes on legislative power, IV. 207-334; judicial
powers of, 218, 242; statutory contract, when may not
be impaired, 265 ; note on time of meeting, 361 ; note on
money bills, 366; enacting clause, with note, 368;
"law," meaning of term, 451 ; recall of bills, 499 ; 1905,
trial of Justice Hooker, 568-577 ; joint session of, 574,
575 ; removal of officers, review of action, 589 ; a ques-
tion of privilege. Judge Potter's case, 607-612; new ju
dicial tribunals, 628; statutes to be published, I. 258,
294, 376 ; IV. 632 ; court reports, publication to be free,
1.258,294,376; IV. 632; cannot appoint local officers,
IV. 737, 742 ; cannot extend terms of office, 741 ; can-
not appoint village trustees, 750; to fix duration of of-
fice, 757 ; to prescribe time of elections, 760 ; to provide
for removal of officers, 764; may determine vacancies,
764 ; may repeal village charter, 773 ; may propose new
Constitution, 795.
46o Constitutional History of New York.
Leisler, Jacob, assumes office of governor, I. 437; calls as-
sembly, 437, III. 147 ; estimate of colonial militia, III.
588.
Lester, Charles C, Convention of 1894, III. 27; status of
inmates of Soldiers' Home, 88, 90 ; coroner, 580.
Letters, effect of depositing in postoffice, IV. 96.
Leventritt, David, supreme court, opinion, pensioner xannot
be excluded from right to hold office, IV. 34.
Lewis, Ceylon H., Convention of 1894, III. 28; on general
city laws, 630.
Lewis, Loran L., senate, 187 1, introduces canal amendment,
II. 631.
Lewis, Merton E., Convention of 1894, III. 28; bipartisan
election boards, 130; county judge and surrogate, 371.
Assembly, 1901, amendment prohibiting special tax
exemption laws. III. 680.
Lewis, Morgan, governor, on prison system. III. 250; edu-
cation, 504; recommends schools, 505; inculcation of
religion and morality, 566; official service, II, 516; IV.
463-
Lewis County, erected. III. 174; see Tables of Senate and
Assembly Apportionments, 150, 168; use of land after
default in payment of tax, IV. 99 ; local law, 398.
Lewiston, local law, IV. 407.
Ley, James & Son, private law, IV. 384.
Libel, evidence, I. 215, 228, 328, 734, 739; IV. 141; note
on, 142.
Liberty, notes on, IV. 85.
License, notes on, IV. 96.
Liens, maritime, IV. 28; trial by jury, 48; notes on, 96;
monuments, 106; mechanic's, 267, 302.
Lieutenant Governor, colonial, office created, I. 32; powers,
32, 42; notes on, IV. 461, 483, 486, 488, 492; served
without compensation, 492 ; suspension of. III. 699.
Lieutenant Governor (State), qualification and term, I. 176,
199, 241, 243, 303, 354, 355, 530, 669, 672; 11. 511, 512,
577 ; III. 307 ; IV. 454, 463 ; when to act as governor,
I. 176, 201, 243, 356, 530, 669; II. 133, 517; IV. 477;
General Index. 461
time of election, I. 197, 242, 355 ; IV. 464 ; compensa-
tion, I. 244, 304, 357; II. 133, 517; IV. 491 ; power in
court of errors, I. 182, 209 ; first election under Consti-
tution, 572; Convention of 1821, 671; Convention of
1846, II. 133; abolition of office proposed, 135; Con-
vention of 1867, 328; Commission of 1872, 511; Con-
vention of 1894, III. 306; when not to sit in court of
impeachments. III. 341 ; IV. 602; historical note, 461,
477; note on election of, 464; casting vote, 482; first
use of term, 486; presides at Hooker trial, 574. See
President of Senate.
"Life of Columbus" (Irving), legislature recommends use
of. III. 513.
"Life of John Jay" (Pellew), cited, I. 605.
Limitation of Actions. See also Procedure and Remedy.
Due process, application of rule, IV. 90, 103 ; statutes
must be reasonable, 108 ; notes on, 243 ; legislature may
waive statute, 245; uniformity not required, 245, 251;
obligation of contracts, 273.
Lincoln, Abraham, election of, effect on slavery and equal
suffrage, II. 233; signs a bill after adjournment of
Congress, 336; approves bill donating public lands for
educational purposes, 366. '
Lincoln, Charles Z., Convention of 1894, III. 29; on dam-
ages for injuries causing death, 64; terms of agricul-
tural leases, 73 ; statistics as to naturalized voters, 75 ;
resolution for uniform national suffrage, 75 ; probation
for naturalized voters, 78; suffrage, educational quali-
fications, 79 ; woman suffrage, 82 ; registration, 103 ;
voting machines, iii, 112; bipartisan election boards,
130; committee on apportionment, 206; subcommittee
on apportionment amendment, 214; remarks on appor-
tionment, 220; election of senators, 226; senate repre-
sentation in certain counties, 227; assembly apportion-
ments, 228 ; powers of lieutenant governor, 234 ; gov-
ernor's term, 308; enlarging court of appeals, 345;
jurisdiction of county court, 361 ; separate surrogate in
462 Constitutional History of New York.
each county, 373; court of claims, 374; constitutional
convention, how constituted, 662; powers of conven-
tion, 668, 669.
Literature Fund, preserved, I. 269, 388; IV. 718; Conven-
tion of 1846, II. 204.
Livermore, Samuel, comment on bill of rights, I. 732.
"Lives of the Governors" (Jenkins), cited, II. 132.
Livingston, Gilbert, Convention of 1776-7, I. 485; com-
mittee on obstruction of Hudson river, 492; on viva
voce voting, 513; proposed statement of citizen's rights,
522; IV. 30, 84; member of first assembly, I. 576.
Livingston, Peter R., Convention of 1821, I. 630; remarks
on suffrage, 649; on negro suffrage, 663; governor's
speeches, 670; judiciary, 686.
Livingston, Philip, in last colonial assembly, I. 473, 474;
offers resolution thanking New York merchants for de-
clining to receive imported goods, 475 ; Convention of
1776-7, I. 485 ; on reducing voter's residence from one
year to six months, 515; senate reapportionment, first
census, 522 ; member of first senate, 570, 574.
Livingston, Robert R., Convention of 1776-7, I. 485, 471 ;
member of committee on plan of government, 490;
member of committee on obstruction of Hudson river,
492; senate reapportionment, 522; proposition con-
cerning religious liberty, 545 ; committee on ownership
of property, 550; proposes plan for appointment of at-
torneys, 553 ; proposes section relating to duration of
office, 553; proposes council of revision, 554, 744, 748;
committee to organize new government, 560 ; first chan-
cellor, 564; commission of 181 1, 704; member of coun-
cil of revision, 747; IV. 555 ; Vermont school, III. 502;
steamboat grants, IV. 235, 427.
Livingston, Walter, speaker of first assembly, I. 575.
Livingston, Walter L., Convention of 1867, II. 244; on ap-
pointment of officers of court of appeals, 260; general
term, proposed review of conflicting decisions, 270; on
surrogates' courts, 281 ; opposes plan for drainage of
agricultural lands, 292; on alienism of grantor, 294.
General Index. 463
Livingston County, erected, III. 175; see Tables of Senate
and Assembly Apportionments, 150, 168; election of
supervisors, local law, IV. 422.
Livingston Manor, representation in colonial assembly, I.
38; III. 142, 148.
Loan Officers, how chosen, I. 180; are county officers, IV.
736.
Local Laws, regulated, I. 241, 299, 349, 350; II. 399, 583;
IV. 377, 415 ; Commission of 1872, II. 493 ; Tilden com-
mission's report, 1877, 673 ; senate committee on cities,
1891, 677; Convention of 1894, III. 303, 474; legisla-
tive declaration not conclusive, IV. 436.
Local Officers, I. 180, 208, 270, 389; IV. 720, 733 ; elections
for, I. 271, 390; IV. 760; Convention of 1846, II. 208,
209; Convention of 1867, 348; defined, 530; Commis-
sion of 1872, 562; amendments, proposed, 664; III.
305 ; Convention of 1894, III. 580, 582 ; appointments,
application of civil service provisions, IV. 517; legisla-
ture cannot appoint, 737.
Lockport, incorporated. III. 619; justices of the peace, juris-
diction of, IV. 622.
Lockport & Niagara Falls Railroad Company, private law,
IV. 384.
London Company, charter, I. 17.
Long Island, part of colony, I. 42 ; first assembly apportion-
ment, III. 138 ; See Nassau.
Long Island Canal Company, authorized to construct canal.
II. 52.
Long Island City, incorporated. III. 619; inspectors of elec-
tion in, 122; local law, IV. 389; revenue bonds, 690.
Long Island Railroad Company, state aid to, II. 99 ; private
or local law, IV. 385.
Loomis, Arphaxed, Convention of 1846, II. 104; proposes
amendment limiting legislative power, 82, 175 ; favors
limitation of leases, 117; proposes commissioner of pub-
lic works, 137, 355, 375, 536; opposes election of state
prison inspectors, 139; member judiciary committee,
140; on county courts, 156; canal amendments, 171,
464 Constitutional History of New York.
173; on limiting state debts, 177; corporations, 186,
i8g, 190; member of select committee on corporations,
191 ; minority report, 191 ; removal of judges, IV. 564,
565; other official service, II. 141.
Lott, John A., member of Tilden Cities Commission, 1875,
II. 669 ; supreme court, opinion, local law, IV. 387.
Lotteries, prohibited, I. 217, 229, 328, 750; III. 721; IV.
144; historical note. III. 33; colonial legislation, 34;
early state legislation, 35, 504; license for, 37; state lot-
tery office, 38, 43 ; public and private lotteries compared,
39; authorized by Congress, 42 ; Convention of 1821, 43 ;
anti-lottery act, 1822, 46; Ives pool law, 1887, 47; Con-
vention of 1894, 47; racing act of 1895, 51 ; advertise-
ments, IV. 141 ; notes on, 145 ; interstate commerce,
208 ; not included in provision against impairing obliga-
tion of contracts^ 266.
Louisiana, Constitution, divorce, IV. 21 ; governor, when of-
fice deemed vacant, 479.
Louisiana Purchase Exposition, women as managers of, II.
310.
Lovelace, Francis, colonial governor, council under, I. 425,
commission, when eldest councilor to administer gov-
ernment, IV. 487.
Low, Henry R., senate, 1863, plan for taking soldier vote,
II. 236.
Lunacy. See State Commission in Lunacy.
Lyttelton, Lord, House of Lords, 1845, introduces bill al-
lowing damages for injuries causing death, III. 58.
M
McArthur, Thomas W., Convention of 1894, III. 27; on low
water in Hudson river. III. 433.
Macaulay, Thomas Babington, comment on Petition of
Rights, I. 718, 719; on Declaration of Right, 725.
McCabe, Catherine, private law, IV. 406.
General Index. 465
McClelland, Charles P., assembly, 1891, introduces conven-
tion bill, III. 21.
McClure, David, Convention of 1894, III^ 27; on inferior
local courts, 366; resolution on forest preserve, 429;
chairman committee on forest preserve, 430; remarks
on forest preserve, 430; liability of bank stockholders,
456.
McCunn, John H., justice. New York superior court, trial
of, senate, 1872, IV. 585.
McDonald, Angus, Convention of 1867, II. 245 ; on supreme
court, 268; residence of voters, 302; extra compensa-
tion, 328; taxation, 360; Indian lands, 390; submis-
sion of Constitution, 411.
McDonough, John T., Convention of 1894, III. 25; on
prison labor, 70, 287; chairman committee on state
prisons and penitentiaries, 287; remarks on proposed
amendment, 288 ; referendum, 300, 302 ; disposing of
canals, 376, 381; charities, 469; secular education in
charitable institutions, 472 ; parochial schools, 578 ; ex-
emptions from military service, 603.
McDougall, Alexander, senate, 1784, member committee on
education, III. 492.
Mcintosh, Ralph, Commission of 1872, II. 470; railroad
amendments, 560.
Mclntyre, John G., Convention of 1894, III. 28; on regis-
tration, 106; prison labor, 291; civil service, prefer-
ence of veterans, 332 ; state board of education, 559.
McKesson, John, secretary first constitutional convention, I.
484; requested to copy report of committee on plan of
government, 494; secretary of council of safety, 571;
clerk of first assembly, 575.
McKinstry, Louis, Convention of 1894, III. 29 ; on damages
for injuries causing death, 63; woman suffrage, 82,
581; prohibiting liquor licenses, 299; on local option,
300; state board of lunacy, 472; county treasurer, 582.
Mackintosh, Sir James, comment on Magna Charta, I. 716.
Vol. V. Const. Hist. 30.
466 ConsiituHonal History of New York.
McLaughlin, Chester B., Convention of 1894, III. 27 ; on
enlarging court of appeals, 345 ; supreme court, trial and
special terms, 359; judicial pensions, 367; supreme
court, hearing claims against state, 373; opposes di-
vision of common school fund, 578 ; on legislative bodies
in cities, 643.
McMillan, Daniel H., Convention of 1894, III. 26; on "rid-
ers" on appropriation bills, 244; executive term, 307;
member judiciary committee, 337 ; Main and Hamburg
canal, 376; tolls on Canadian products, 381; member
of unification commission, 1899, IV. 713.
Macomber, Francis A., supreme court, opinion, vested rights,
corporate charters, IV. 330.
McVean, Charles, surrogate, opinion, obligation of contracts,
devolution of decedent's estate, IV. 274.
Madison, James, president, views on New York's canal pro-
ject, I. 704.
Madison County, erected, III. 174; see Tables of Senate and
Assembly Apportionments, 150, 168.
Magna Charta, 39th article, proclaimed in colony, I. 28;
civil service, 29, 87 ; basis of Constitution, 62 ; historic-
al note, 64; text of articles and charter, 67-94; church
to be free, 78 ; liberties granted, 78 ; dower and dow-
ress, 80, 81 ; municipal liberties guaranteed, 81 ; de-
cedent's estate, distribution, 84; freemen's rights, 84;
86 ; IV. 83 ; navigable streams not to be obstructed, I.
85 ; uniform weights and measures, 85 ; freedom of
travel, 86; Bill of Rights, 716; comments on, 716, 717;
New York Bill of Rights, 1787, I. 728; parliamentary
government guaranteed, IV. 370.
Main and Hamburg Street Canal, survey authorized, II. 51 ;
sale authorized, I. 380; III. 376, 377, 386; IV. 664.
Major General, when governor cannot appoint during sen-
ate recess, IV. 768.
Malcolm, Alexander, authorized to establish school. III. 484.
Malone Water Works Company, private law, IV. 384.
Mandatory, when provisions deemed, IV. 17.
Manhattan Company, incorporated, II. 63.
General Index. 467
Manhattan Island, Dutch settlement on, I. 18, 41 1 ; popula-
tion, 1641, 415.
Manlius Canal Company, authorized to construct canal, II.
52.
Mann, Charles A., senate, 1851, report on railroad tolls, II.
616.
Manors, colonial, in general, I. 38; II. 12; Rensselaerwyck
Manor erected, 15; legislature directs investigation of
manorial titles, 26; manorial privileges not repugpnant
to validity of patent, 26.
Mantanye, William J., Convention of 1894, III. 28; on ap-
portionment, 211 ; biennial sessions, 226; consideration
and passage of bills, 242; boards of supervisors, 303;
executive term, 307 ; changing terms of county officers,
581 ; free transportation of public officers, 656.
Marcy, William L., Governor, responds to sheriff's call for
aid in anti-rent troubles, II. 17; on banks, 35; recom-
mends sale of bank franchise, 35, 326; on state aid to
banks, 36; use of small bills, 38; increase of banking
facilities, 39; recommends repeal of free banking re-
striction, 40; on panic of 1837, 40; recommends free
banking law, 41 ; suggests enlargement of Erie canal,
56; on judicial system, 66; state finances, 74, 76, 77;
urges return to direct taxation, 75; on canals, 75;
recommends construction of Chenango canal, 76; on
restoration of general fund, 76; recommends state aid
to educational institutions, 94; remarks on New York
and Erie Railroad Company, 95 ; use of canal revenues
601 ; reduction of canal tolls, 626 ; results of prison la-
bor, III. 257, 259, 262, 269; instruction of teachers, 514,
517-
Marine Insurance Company, incorporated, II. 62.
Markets and Harbors, Tryon to establish. III. 708.
Marks, Jacob, Convention of 1894, III. 27; additional
jurors, 67; private property, compensation for taking,
how ascertained, 69, 70; court of pardons, 310; court
of appeals, 373.
468 Constitutional History of New York,
Married Women, deed of, I. 104; Convention of 1846, II.
112; summary of rights and privileges, 308; notes on,
IV. 106; obligation of contracts, 266; vested rights,
328.
Marshall, John, United States Supreme Court, chief justice,
opinion, Indian titles, IV. 170 ; e;ir post facto law, 234.
Marshall, Louis, Judiciary Commission of 1890, II. 685 ; III.
336; on general term, transfer of causes, II. 698; ju-
dicial pensions, 714, 715; county judges and surrogates
not to practise, 717.
Convention of 1894, III. 28 ; on damages for injuries
causing death, 64, 65 ; registration at town and village
elections, 106; method of voting, 113; prison labor,
291 ; referendum, 301 ; member of judiciary commit-
tee, 337; judiciary article, order of arrangement, 338;
court of appeals, increase of judges, 343 ; liability of
bank stockholders, 455, 456; application of sectarian aid
amendment, 575 ; free transportation of public officers,
654; chairman committee on future amendments, pro-
posed plan, 659 ; on constitutional conventions, 663 ; re-
port of subcommittee of judiciary on writ of prohibi-
tion, 667.
Martha's (Martin's) Vineyard, first assembly apportion-
ment, III. 138; Duke's county, 139; transferred to
Massachusetts, 149.
Martial Law, in colony, I. 38, 47; limitation of, 51; III.
748; Charter of Liberties, I. 103.
Martin, Celora E., court of appeals, opinion, New York In-
stitution for the Blind not a common school, IV. 708;
service in court of appeals, II. 261 ; III. 346.
Marvin, Richard P., Convention of 1846, II. 104; proposes
increase of legislature, 129 ; on salaries of state officers,
137; county courts, 157; creation of corporations, 190,
192 ; member of select committee on corporations, 191 ;
plan for conventions at stated intervals, 211; on re-
moval of judges, IV. 565.
General Index. 469
Mason, George, proposes Constitution for Virginia, I. 503 ;
militia, III. 596; life of (Rowland) cited, I. 504.
Massachusetts, school law of 1789, III. 538; lands in New
York, IV. 168.
Masten, Joseph G., Convention of 1867, II. 244; member of
judiciary committee, 248.
Master and Servant, may agree as to rate of wages, IV. 32.
Mather, John C, canal commissioner, impeachment trial, IV.
606.
May, Comelis Jacobsen, first director, Dutch West India
Company, I. 412.
Maybee, Jacob M., Convention of 1894, III. 27 ; on suffrage,
county residence, 80 ; consideration and passage of bills,
241, 242; abolition of court of special sessions, 372;
separate surrogate in each county, 373.
Maynard, Isaac H., service in court of appeals, II. 262.
Mayor, election of, in New York, I. 57, 223 ; II. 6, 208 ; III.
616; election of, in all cities, I. 57, 224; II. 6. 208; III.
616; how chosen, I. 207, 270, 389, 672; IV. 720, 733;
amendment of 1833, !• 223; II. 6., 208; III. 616; amend-
ment of 1839, I. 224; II. 6, 208; III. 616; action on
city bills, I. 394; III. 626-652; IV. 775; term, I. 673;
Convention of 1846, II. 208; Convention of 1867, 351,
404; Commission of 1872, 566; casting vote, IV. 482.
Mayor's Court, in New York, II. 276; changed to court of
common pleas, 276.
Medical Colleges, regents authorized to establish, II. 62.
Medical Society, disciplinary power of, IV. 43, 71.
Medicine, Practice of. Convention of 1867, II. 383; public
health law, IV. 22.
Mereness, Charles S., Convention of 1894, III. 28; on vot-
ing machines, 112; compensation of members of the
legislature, 230; changing official salaries, 297; chan-
ging surrogate's salary, 362; constitutional convention,
when question to be submitted, 660 ; constitutional con-
vention, how constituted, 662.
470 Constitutional History of New York.
Merritt, Edwin A., Convention of 1867, II. 245 ; chairman
committee on legislative organization, 317; on assembly
districts, 319, 320; residence of candidates for legis-
lature, 320; on submission of Constitution, 412.
Merwin, Milton H., Convention of 1867, II. 245 ; on jury
in justice's court, 290; senate districts, 317; minority
report on assembly, 319.
Metropolitan Fire District, created, oiBcers, how appointed,
IV. 746.
Metropolitan Police District, excise act for, IV. 106, 745,
747-
Metropolitan Sanitary District, powers of board of health,
, IV. 286, 629 ; officers of, appointment by governor sus-
tained, 747.
"Middle Ages, History of" (Hallam), cited, I. 716.
Middletown, incorporated. III. 6x9.
Mileage Books, notes on, IV. 96, 106; interstate commerce,
209; compelling issue of, 213; obligation of contracts,
267.
Military Code, Duke's laws, III. 586; adopted by second
Provincial Congress, 593 ; first state code, 593 ; Federal
act of 1792, 597; Code of 1870, 600; Code of 1883,
601 ; Code of 1893, 602; Code of 1898, 604; IV. 767.
Militia, Dongan to maintain, I. 29; under Governor Tryon,
42; III. 707, 747; Articles of Confederation, I. ii9»
121; state, 186, 213, 272, 391, 741; IV. 765; officers,
how chosen, I. 202, 272, 273, 392, 393, 672; IV. 767,
768; active force, I. 392; IV. 767; organization and
maintenance, I. 390; IV. 767; removals, I. 178, 203,
273, 393, 674; IV. 768; in First Constitution, I. 546;
first convention, proposed tenure of militia officers, 556;
Convention of 1846, II. 209; exemption from militia
service, 209, 379 ; Convention of 1867, 378, 406 ; nation-
al guard, 378, 406 ; Commission of 1872, 563 ; historical
note. III. 582 ; every able-bodied man a possible soldier,
583, 590; Dutch West India Company, 584; Freedoms
and Exemptions, 584 ; Duke's laws, 586 ; military popu-
General Index. 471
lation of colony, 587, 588 ; early militia laws, 587, 588 ;
military age, 586, 588-590, 592, 595, 602 ; condition at
close of colonial period, 590 ; resolution of Continental
Congress, 591 ; first state military code, 593 ; Articles
of Confederation, 595 ; Federal Constitution, 596 ; Fed-
eral militia law, 1792, 597; state laws, 597; national
guard, 598, 601; reserves, 599; military code, 1870,
600; commission on- militia, 1880, 601; Convention of
1894, 602; naval militia, 603; military code of 1898,
604; IV. 767; two-thirds bills, IV. 438; three-fifths
bills, 444; commutation tax, 444; civil service pro-
visions not applicable to, 516; jurisdiction of supreme
court, 532, 731, 766; armory, county may be required
to maintain, 767; officer not removed by disbandment
of organization, 768.
Miller, George D., private law, IV. 399.
Miller, Theodore, service in court of appeals, II. 261.
Miller, Warner, member of lateral canal commission, 1876,
11. 547-
Minors. See Children.
Minuit, Peter, 1626, appointed director, I. 12, 413, 455.
Misdemeanor, trial by jury, IV. 49; includes petit larceny,
first offense, 633.
Missouri, Constitution, railroad aid bonds, IV. 21 ; bills of
credit, 22 ; governor, when office deemed vacant, 480.
Missouri Compromise, New York's action on, 1. 658 ; admis-
sion of state, 660.
Mitchell, John, map, cited, IV. 161.
Mobs, damages for injuries caused by, II. 294; IV. 92, 114,
267, 444.
Mohawk & Hudson Railroad Company, incorporated, II. 62,
95, 612.
"Money of the State," meaning of, IV. 681, 682.
Monopolies, notes on, IV. 96 ; act against, 528.
Monroe, James, President, proclamation on admission of
Missouri, I. 660.
472 Constitutional History of New York.
Monroe County, erected, III. 175; see Tables of Senate and
Assembly Apportionments, 150, 168; apportionment of
1892, 198; local law, IV. 395; election of supervisors,
local law, 422 ; county treasurer's fees, 438.
Montgomery County, erected, III. 168 ; see Tables of Senate
and Assembly Apportionments, III. 150, 168.
Monument, due process, IV. 106; public purpose, 696.
Moore, Charles H., Convention of 1894, III. 27 ; on woman
suffrage, 82; method of voting, 113; bipartisan elec-
tion boards, 130; consideration and passage of bills,
242; executive term, 307, 308; appointment of state
officers, 312; on court of appeals, 348, 373; organiza-
tion of general term, 360; county and surrogates'
courts, proposed abolition of, 373 ; canal improvement,
385 ; individual bankers, 457 ; superintendent of public
instruction, 558; general city laws, 648; official oath,
653 ; free transportation of public officers, 654 ; consti-
tutional convention, district delegates, 663.
Moore, Sir Henry, Colonial Governor, proposes canal around
Canajoharie falls, 1768, I. 691 ; message to colonial as-
sembly concerning canals, 1768, 691 ; judge not to sit
in review of his own decision, IV. 539.
Moral Obligation, notes on, IV. 245; extra compensation,
246 ; drafted men, 248 ; reimbursement of town collect-
ors, 249 ; reimbursement of Cayuga county for expenses
in criminal cases, 318, 435, 692; taxation, 318, 319;
claims against state, 434; teachers' pensions, 452.
Morgan, Edwin D., Governor, on court of appeals, II. 228;
prison management, 375 ; recommends reimposition of
railroad tolls, 619; railroad competition, 624; effect of
reducing canal tolls, 627 ; canals should not be sold, 651 ;
registration. III. 97; compulsory voting, 132; Clinton
prison, 272; convicts to share in their earnings, 273;
reorganization of mihtia, 598; state indebtedness in
1858, IV. 639 ; limitation of state debts, 640 ; proclama-
tion offering military bounties, 641.
General Index. 473
Morrill, Justin S., House of Representatives, 1857, intro-
duces bill donating public lands to states for education-
al purposes, II. 363, 365.
Morris, Gouverneur, Convention of 1776-77, 1. 471,486; pro-
poses committee on resolution of Continental Congress
for state government, 479; proposes committee to or-
ganize state government, 490 ; member of committee on
plan of government, 490; proposes record of reasons
for dissenting votes on Constitution, 500 ; on unit of as-
sembly representation, 507; III. 157; prepares final
form of last paragraph relating to religious toleration,
I. 545 ; proposition relating to naturalization, 549 ; pro-
poses abolition of slavery, 553, 656; committee to or-
ganize new government, 560.
Assembly, 1777, resolution sustaining judges in Had-
den case, I. 578; prophesies water communication be-
tween the great lakes and Hudson river, 1777, 693 ;
other suggestions as to canals, 699, 700 ; first to recom-
mend Erie canal, 700; member of canal commission,
1810, 702; Commission of 181 1, 704; presents canal
project to national government, 704.
Morris, Lewis, Convention of 1776-7, I. 486; appointed first
judge of Westchester county, 564; senate, 1777, mem-
ber from southern district, 570, 574; 1784, member of
committee on education. III. 492.
Morris, Lorenzo, Commission of 1872, II. 470; on municipal
indebtedness, 559.
Morris, Robert H., Convention of 1846, II. 105 ; on rights of
married women, 113; on executive department, 134;
prison discipline, 139; foundation principle of Third
Constitution, 214; on removal of judges, IV. 564, 565.
Morris, William H., Convention of 1867, II. 244 ; on divorce,
325-
Morrisania, local law, IV. 403, 408.
Morse Electro-Magnetic Telegraph, general law, II. 63.
Mortgage, foreclosure judgment including too much prop-
erty, IV. 104; advertisement of foreclosure, reducing
474 Constitutional History of New York.
time of, 272 ; deposit of surplus moneys in foreclosure,
531, 617; foreclosure, deficiency judgment, jurisdiction
of county court, 614.
Morton, Charles B., Convention of 1894, III. 26; commit-
tee on apportionment, 206; on civil service, examina-
tion of veterans, 332.
Morton, Levi P., Governor, II. 512; "emergency" messages,
III. 243, 244; Erie county jury bill, 298 ; forest preser-
vation, 434; declines to approve bill not accepted by
city, IV. 785.
Motley, John Lothrop, education in the Netherlands, III.
476.
Mottj Lucretia, woman suffrage convention, 1848, 11. 306.
Mount Pleasant Prison, management of. III. 258.
Mount Sinai Hospital, grant to, invalid, IV. 687.
Mount Vernon, incorporated. III. 619; local law, IV. 399;
applying other statutes, 414 ; city court, 625.
MuUin, Joseph, supreme court, opinion, definition of local
law, IV. 381.
Mullin, Joseph, (2d.), senate, 1893, proposed amendment re-
lating to cities, II. 680; III. 628.
Mulqueen, Michael J., Convention of 1894, III. 27; on ap-
portionment, 226; city self-government, 638; consolida-
tion of cities, 647.
Municipal Corporations, indebtedness regulated, I. 59, 307,
323, 384, 406; IV. 683; liberties guaranteed. Magna
Charta, I. 81 ; incorporation of cities and villages, I.
268, 393 ; II. 198, 371 ; IV. 770; aid prohibited, I. 308,
323, 384; II. 322, 358; IV. 683; Convention of 1846,
II. 187; committee's report, 198; Mr. Murphy's minor-
ity report, and speech, 199; plan of organization adopt-
ed, 203; construction of railroads in, 323; proposed
incorporation by general laws only, 655, 680; separate
elections in, 671; mandatory laws, 670; 678; home
rule, historical note, III. 605 ; proposed minority repre-
sentation in, 682; miscellaneous amendments, 683;
when may interfere with private property, IV. 90 ; or-
dinances, 35, 96, 123, 209, 223, 238, 254, 284, 774 ; emi-
General Index. 475
nent domain, 133; town aid, 214; approval of statute,
220 ; local boards, 222 ; aid to private corporations, 249 ;
taking stock in private corporations, 249, 696, 773 ;
bonds, 250; civil service, 250; claims, 250; enabling
act, 251 ; labor law, 251 (see constitutional amendment,
IV. 770, V. 551); loans for highways, 252; local
aifairs, 252; new civil divisions, 252; New York,
252 ; parks, 254 ; public health, 254 ; regulating liabil-
ity, 255 ; towns, 255 ; obligation of contracts, 267 ; re-
moval of officers, 275; taxation, 318; vested rights,
329; charter defined, 391, 779; railroads, local act,
427; includes counties, 676; appropriations for charit-
able purposes, 704; legislature may delegate power of
appointment to, 759; scope of powers, 771, 772; re-
mission of tax, 775.
Municipal Indebtedness, regulated, I. 59, 308, 323, 384, 406;
II- 557. 576; III. 680; IV. 683; amendment of 1884,
II. 576; rate per cent allowed, 559, 656, 658; Governor
Robinson's remarks on, 656; Tilden commission on,
670; Convention of 1894, III. 458; amendment of 1905.
III. 692 ; IV. 685 ; V. 551 ; provision not retroactive, 686,
689; gratuities, 686; reimbursing town collector for
money lost, 686 ; street damages, 687 ; limitation of in-
debtedness, I. 59, 308, 323, 384, 406; IV. 683 (amend-
ment proposed, IV. 685, adopted, V. 551), 688; compu-
tation, IV. 688, 689; water bonds, 688; rapid transit,
690, 697 ; county indebtedness in New York, 690 ; public
purpose, 690.
Munro, Peter Jay, Convention of 1821, 1. 634; resolution for
general suffrage, 651 ; chairman of judiciary commit-
tee, 677; statement concerning judiciary plan, 679;
suffrage, effect of settlement. III. 92; removal of
judges, IV. 557; vote requisite for impeachment, 600.
Murphy, Henry C, Convention of 1846, II. 104; on royal
charters, 114; on increase of assembly, 129; plan of
erecting assonbly districts, 130; perspicuity of consti-
tutional provisions, 189; minority report and speech on
cities and villages, 199; organization of cities and vil-
lages, 203, 570, 677 ; III. 617, 627.
476 Constitutional History of New York.
Convention of 1867, II. 244; on Brooklyn city court,
274; qualifications of colored voters, 315; minority re-
port on cities, 353 ; opposes charity article, 395 ; on con-
vention's power to fix time of submission, 411.
Senate, judiciary committee, 1869, minority report,
II. 416; 1873, II. 480.
Murphy, Michael C, assembly, 1882, prison labor resolu-
tions, III. 276; senate, 1887, introduces convention bill,
7-
Murray, William, Jr., supreme court, opinion, qualifications
of voters, deserter, IV. 180, 233.
Myers Automatic Ballot Cabinet, use authorized, III. 108.
N
Names, of persons, not to be changed by special law, I. 299,
350, 408; II. 400, 497; IV. 415; not applicable to cor-
porations, IV. 418.
Nanfan, John, appointed lieutenant governor, IV. 461 ; con-
ference virith Indians, 157; becomes acting governor,
487.
Nantucket, first assembly apportionment. III. 138; trans-
ferred to Massachusetts, 149.
Nassau (island), part of colony, I. 42. See Long Island.
Nassau County, erected, IV. 446.
National Guard, Convention of 1867, II. 378, 406; first use
of term, 598. See Militia.
National Law School, incorporated, II. 62.
Naturalization, First Constitution, I. 187, 547; probation
for naturalized voters, II. 123, 232, 303 ; III. 74, 375 ;
procedure on, III. 78, 375 ; Federal authority exclusive,
IV. 28.
Navigable Waters, note on, IV. 255, 256 ; police power, 283 ;
riparian owners, 288 ; land under, grants by land office,
513-
General Index. 477
Navigation, streams not to be obstructed, Magna Charta, I.
85 ; speed of steamboats, IV. 283.
Negro Suffrage, regulated, I. 198, 232 ; amendment of 1826,
222; Convention of 1821, 652, 661; under First Con-
stitution, 657; petitions for equal suffrage, II. 102;
Convention of 1846, 118, 123; separate amendment pro-
posed, 119, 123; submitted, 212; rejected, 213, 231:
petitions for equal suffrage, 232; another amendment
submitted and rejected, i860, 232; Convention of 1867,
314 ; effect of Civil War, 314 ; various propositions con-
sidered, 315; discrimination abolished, I. 295 ; II. 233,
316, 398, 477; separate amendment for equal suffrage
submitted and rejected, II. 419.
Nelson, Homer A., secretary of state, receives proposed Con-
stitution of 1867, II. 413.
Nelson, Samuel, Convention of 1821, I. 630; appointed cir-
cuit judge, 1823, 634, 690; opinion, no vested right in
political power, IV. 329 ; duration of office defined, 758 ;
becomes justice of Supreme Court of United States, I.
634.
New Amsterdam, surrendered to English, I. 421 ; name
changed to New York, 421.
Newburgh, incorporated. III. 619.
Newburgh Fire Company, established, II. 62.
New Civil Divisions, prohibition against formation of, sug-
gested, II. 324; III. 305; acts sustained, creating
metropolitan police district, capital police district, metro-
politan sanitary district, IV. 252, 629, 745, 746, 747;
Niagara police district act, invalid, IV. 252, 628, 748;
home rule, 745; metropolitan fire district, 746; Rens-
selaer police district, 747.
New Courts, prohibited, I. 187, 212, 547, 734; IV. 628.
New England, included in second commission to Andros, I.
32 ; influence of its ideas. III. 537.
Newfane, local law, IV. 407.
New Hampshire, governor's veto power, IV. 503.
New Jersey, Constitution, local construction, IV. 22.
478 Constitutional History of New York.
New Netherland, disputes concerning title to, I. 17-20;
England's claims, 17, 19, 412; Dutch claims, 18; set-
tlement, 412, 455 ; convention in New Amsterdam, 418,
419; remonstrance by, 419; director's reply, 420; an-
other convention called, 421 ; slavery in, 653.
New Offices, amendment relating to. III. 582 ; creation of,
appointment for, IV. 748.
New Rochelle, assessments for local improvements, IV. 99.
Newtown, receiver of taxes, IV. 742.
New Utrecht, local law, IV. 408.
New York (city), extra privileges and immunities, I. 30;
British evacuate, 49; General Washington enters, 50;
condition at close of war, 50; election of mayor, 57,
223; board of supervisors, 60, 403; III. 679; county
indebtedness, I. 60, 406; justices' courts in, I. 208, 255,
374; IV. 618; local courts, I. 205, 255, 672, 673, 674;
II. 589; III. 362; IV. 394, 531, 629, 741 ; register and
clerk, I. 269, 673; municipal government established,
418; III. 611 ; population, 1653, I. 418; population 1656,
418; population at various dates, 463-469; local govern-
ment changed, 424; tenders common council chamber for
use of legislature, 446 ; charters described, II. 200 ; III.
610,621; mayor's court, I. 460; II. 276; Commission
of 1872, II. 566; contracts, board of finance, 583; how
affected by canals, 604; Governor Hill on its indebted-
ness, 659; estimated indebtedness, 1876, 670; proposed
limitation of indebtedness, 675 ; III. 689, 691 ; lotteries
for public works in. III. 35, 36, 37 ; lottery for board of
health, 37 ; registry laws, 96, 98 ; inspectors of election
in, 116, 119, 123, 126; first assembly apportionment,
138; sectarian instruction in schools, 570; qualifica-
tions of voters in, 690; sanitary code, IV. 35, 415;
charter provisions, trial by jury, 50; notes under due
process, 96, 106; by-law regulating interments, 115,
219, 258, 279; local approval of statute, 220; delega-
tion of power, local boards, 222 ; ferries, 234, 252, 330,
413; district courts, 239, 360, 741; city magistrates,
240, 744, 756; commissioner of jurors, 253, 538, 553,
General Index. 479
748; municipal court, 254, 787; water supply, protec-
tion of, 257; depositing unwholesome substances in wa-
ters, 286 ; prohibiting actions in certain cases, 301 ;
vested rights under colonial charters, 330 ; vested right
in streets, 330 ; powers of local boards, 364 ; local law,
383. 384, 38s, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394,
395. 396, 397. 398, 400, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408,
421; teachers' pensions, 452; civil service, assistant
sergeant at arms, board of aldermen, 519; detective ser-
geants, 521 ; Bar Association, represented by counsel at
trial of Justice Hooker, 573; marine court, status of,
587; police justice, election of, 621, 633; water debt,
(amendment proposed, IV. 685, adopted, V. 551) ; limi-
tation of indebtedness, county debt not included, IV.
690; official badges, public purpose, 697; police cap-
tain, status of, 737; Croton aqueduct commissioners,
749 ; pilot commissioners, 749 ; police court clerk, 750 ;
central park commissioners, 750, 753 ; commissioners of
taxes and assessments, governor cannot appoint, 753 ;
county courthouse commissioners, 754; assessors, 758;
assistant aldermen, 758; foreman of repairs, 759;
special sessions, 762; salaries of district court justices,
773 ; board of estimate and apportionment, act creating
sustained, 774; mayor's term, 788.
New York (colony and province). New Amsterdam becomes
New York, I. 421, 458; Articles of Capitulation, 421 ;
petition for representative government rejected, 425;
retaken by the Dutch, 425 ; petition for assembly, 428 ;
annexed to New England, 436 ; Sir Edmund Andros ap-
pointed governor, 436; Henry Sloughter appointed
governor, 437 ; slavery in, 655 ; description of. III. 149 >
IV. 159, 163; education in. III. 476; militia, 586;
home rule, 608.
New York County, erected. III. 139; mentioned, I. 42; un-
der British dominion during Revolution, 45 ; population,
1771, 46; apportionment of 1702, III. 141; assembly
representation, 1774, 148; see Tables of Senate and As-
sembly Apportionments, 150, 168; changing terms of
4So Constitutional History of New York.
county officers, I. 269, 389, 673; III. 581; IV. 720,
proposed additional assembly district in, III. 683; re-
view of assessments, IV. 226; supreme court justices,
compensation, 595 ; separate surrogate, provision not
applicable in, 617; terms of county officers, I. 269, 389,
673 ; IV. 720 ; register, elected to fill vacancy, term of,
IV. 723; commissioner of jurors, 739.
New York State, birthday, I. 558.
New York Arcade Railroad Company, private law, IV. 419.
New York Associated Manufacturing Iron Company, incor-
porated, II. 62.
New York Bank for Savings, incorporated, II. 62.
New York Board of Fire Underwriters, private law, IV.
388.
New York Board of Forwarders, protests against abolition
of railroad tolls, II. 615.
New York Board of Trade and Transportation, forest pre-
serve resolution. III. 429.
New York Central Railroad Company, petition relative to,
II. 234; formation of, 614; private and local law, IV.
396.
New York Chamber of Commerce, chartered by George III.
II. 61 ; interest in canal affairs, 607 ; prepares canal
amendment of 1871, 631 ; indorses Hayes amendments,
643 ; on forest preserve. III. 408.
New York College of Physicians and Surgeons, lottery for,
III. 37.
New York Court of Common Pleas, continued, I. 287, 679;
jurisdiction, 288; Convention of 1867, historical note,
II. 275 ; judges not to practise, 285 ; amendment of 1880,
additional judges, I. 58, 316; II. 575, 590; Judiciary
Commission of 1890, II. 707; Convention of 1894, III.
362 ; abolished, I. 367 ; II. 589 ; III. 362 ; IV. 543.
New York Dispensary, incorporated, II. 61.
New York & Erie Railroad Company, incorporated, II. 94;
state loan to, 78, 93, 95 ; state reserves right to buy road,
95 ; Governor Seward's special message, 1842, 98 ; fails
General Index. 481
to pay interest, 99; legislation in aid of, 100; not sub-
ject to canal tolls, 615.
New York Female Society for the Relief of Poor Widows
with Small Children, incorporated, II. 61 ; lottery for,
III. 37.
New York Fire Department, incorporated, II. 62.
New York Gaslight Company, incorporated, II. 62,
New York General Sessions of the Peace, continued, I. 679,
New York General Society of Mechanics and Tradesmen,
incorporated, II. 62.
New York High School, incorporated, II. 62.
New York: Historical Society, incorporated, II. 62 ; letter}^
for. III. 37.
New York Institution for the Blind, incorporated, II. 61 ;
appropriations for, 322 ; IV. 683 ; status of, IV. 700 ;
not subject to common school provision, 708.
New York Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf and
Dumb, incorporated, II. 61 ; appropriations for, 322,
553; state pupils in. III. 512.
New York & Long Island Bridge Company, private and local
law, IV. 408.
New York Manufacturing Society, incorporated, II. 92;
state becomes stockholder in, 93.
New York Marine Court, jurisdiction of, IV. 629.
New York Mutual Assurance Company, incorporated, 11.
62.
New York Municipal Court, established, act sustained, IV.
629.
New York Orphan Asylum Society, incorporated, II. 62.
New York & Oswego Midland Railroad Company, private
or local law, IV. 387, 397.
New York & Sharon Canal Company, authorized to con-
struct canal, II. 51.
New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children,
status of, IV. 700.
New York Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delin-
quents, incorporated, II. 62 ; appropriations for, 322.
Vol. V. Const. Hist. 31.
482 Constitutional History of New York.
New York Soldiers and Sailors' Home at Bath. See Sol-
diers' Home.
New York State Inebriate Asylum, commitment to, IV. 105.
New York State Institution for the Blind, appropriations for,
II. 322.
New York State Normal College, successor to Albany Nor-
mal School, III. 523.
New York Sugar Refining Company, incorporated, II. 63.
New York Superior Court, continued, I. 287; jurisdiction,
288; Convention of 1867, II. 274; historical note, 277;
judge not to practise, 285; Judiciary Commission of
1890, 707; Convention of 1894, III. 362; abolished, I.
367; 11.589; III. 362; IV. 543-
New York Teachers' Association, petition relative to resi-
dence of voters, II. 479.
New York Times, cited, speech of Dr. Hayes, II. 641.
New York Tribune, cited, speech of Dr. Hayes, 11. 637.
Niagara Canal Company, incorporated, 1798, I. 698; state
aid to, 698 ; II. 92.
Niagara County, erected. III. 174; assembly representation
in, 157; see Tables of Senate and Assembly Apportion-
ments, 150, 168.
Niagara Falls, proposed amendment relating to. III. 306.
Niagara Falls (city), incorporated. III. 619.
Niagara Police District, created, act invalid, IV. 748.
Niagara Reservation, act sustained, IV. 97.
Nicholas, Robert C, Convention of 1846, II. 105; on resi-
dence of assembly candidates, 131.
Nichols, Asher P., Comptroller, 1872; unauthorized appro-
priations, IV. 649.
Nichols, William H., Convention of 1894, III. 28; on Sol-
diers' Home, 87; suffrage, inmates of charitable insti-
tutions, 89; registration, 103, 104; remarks on canals,
379> 385 ; canal improvement, 385.
Nicoll, De Lancey, Convention of 1894, III. 26; on gam-
bling, 49 ; apportionment, 225 ; civil service, application
of section, 333; member judiciary committee, 337;
General Index. 483
cities, separate elections, local autonomy, 638 ; cities, sec-
ond passage of bill by legislature, 645, 650 ; passes, 656,
657-
Nicoll, Henry, Convention of 1846, II. 105; on number ot
senators, 127.
Nicolls, Colonel Richard, first deputy governor under Duke
of York, I. 24; calls Hempstede convention, 423.
Nine Men, chosen, I. 417; powers, 417; members of council
and court, 417, 456; propose public school. III. 478;
discontinued, I. 418.
Nisi Prius, Court of. See Court of Nisi Prius.
Nixon, S. Frederick, recommends women suffrage in third
class cities, II. 311 ; receives communication from Jus-
tice Hooker, IV. 570 ; declares result of vote on resolu-
tion for removal of Justice Hooker, 574.
Normal Schools, Governor De Witt Clinton's recommenda-
tions, III. 511; Albany Normal School, 522; note on,
541 ; Oswego Training School, 542; general law, 1866,
542 ; Brockport, IV. 387 ; not public schools under Cor-
nell University act, 709 ; common school fund cannot be
used for, 719.
North, William, member canal commission, 1810, I. 702;
commission of 181 1, 704.
North American Life Insurance Company, deposits by, regu-
lated, IV. 634; state aid, 681.
Northern Inland Lock Navigation Company, incorporated,
1792, 1. 697; II. 61 ; state aid to, I. 697; 11. 92.
Northern Missionary Society of the State of New York, in-
corporated, II. 62.
Northern Railroad Company, not subject to canal tolls, II.
615.
Northern Slackwater & Railway Company, authorized to
construct canal, II. 54.
Notary Public, is a public officer, IV. 793.
Notice, of injury as prerequisite to action, IV. 108; of snow
or ice on sidewalk, 239.
484 Constitutional History of New Yorh.
Nuisance, trial by jury, IV. 50; notes on, 98, 256; New
York water supply, 257 ; police power, 283.
o
Oakley, Thomas J., member of commission to revise judicial
system, II. 6y.
Obligation of Contracts, state law not to impair, I. 141 ; Al-
bany basin, IV. 257; bankrupts, 257; Brooklyn gar-
bage act, 258; cemeteries, 258; certificate of deposit,
258; civil damage act, 258; competing franchise, 258;
constitutional amendment, 259; corporations, 259;
dower, 262; eminent domain, 262; exemptions, 264,
766; franchise tax, 264; harbor masters, 264; insur-
ance, 264; judgments, 265; legislative contracts, 265 j
liquor tax law, 265; lotteries, 266; married women,
266 ; mechanic's lien, 267 ; mileage books, 267 ; munici-
pal corporations, 267; officers, 268; patents of land,
269 ; preferred creditors, 269 ; public printer, 270 ; rail-
roads, 270; recording acts, 271; remedies, 271; state
contract, 273; statute of limitations, 273; supreme
court reporter, 274 ; trusts, 274 ; wills, 274 ; insurance,
prohibiting action by member of mutual company, 301 ;
modifying remedy, 303 ; municipal indebtedness, 68g.
O'Brien, Denis, judge of court of appeals, II. 261, 262; opin^
ion, cruel and unusual punishments, IV. 67 ; governor's
power of removal, 728.
O'Brien, John W., Convention of 1894, III. 28 ; voting stat-
us of inmates of charitable institutions, 88, 89 ; jurisdic-
tion of court of appeals, 351.
O'Conor, Charles, Convention of 1846, II. 105; suggestion
as to trial by jury, no; opposes amendment relative to
married women, 112; member of judiciary committee,
140; minority report on judiciary, 142; on code re-
vision, 142; opposes abolition of county court, 155; on
gifts of public money, 180; member of select commit-
General Index. 485
tee on corporations, 191 ; on corporation dues, 193; op-
poses new constitution, 214; declares judiciary article
a signal failure, 226; on conduct of elections, III. 114.
•Odd Fellows, grand lodge, annulling charter of local. lodge,
IV. 102.
Odell, Benjamin B., Jr., governor, "emergency" messages,
III. 244 ; on forest preserve, consolidation of boards,
438 ; preservation of private forest lands, 448 ; purchase
of forest lands discontinued, 451 ; removal of Sheriff
Guden of Kings county, IV. 720, 732, 789.
Office and Officer. Ste:2iso Home Rule. Procedure on re-
moval of judicial, I. 57, 224, 253, 370; II. 8; III. 369;
IV. 554; appointment under First Constitution, I. 178;
commissions, terms of judicial, I. 178; duration of of-
fice, I. 180, 208, 270, 390; III. 304; IV. 757; local, how
chosen, I. 180, 208, 270, 389; IV. 720, 733; clergymen
not eligible, I. 186, 213; II. 474; state, how chosen, I.
203, 245, 359; II. 585; IV. 507; of certain courts, how
chosen, I. 207; property qualifications abolished, I. 225;
II. 7; certain, abolished, I. 247, 363; II. 539; IV. 514;
judicial, removal, I. 253, 257, 370; II. 163; III. 369,
729; IV. 554; Judicial, fees prohibited, I. 257, 376 ; IV.
631; elections for local, when held, I. 271, 390; IV.
760; vacancies, I. 271, 390; II. 400, 538; IV. 564, 757,
761 ; fees, special law prohibited, I. 300, 350, 408 ; II.
497; IV. 416, 423; bribery, I. 309, 397; IV. 790; ju-
dical, eligibility limited, I. 376; IV. 631 ; passes to, pro-
hibited, I. 398 ; IV. 792.
First Convention, plan of appointment, I. 531 ; Con-
vention of 1821, 671 ; removal under second Constitu-
tion, 674; qualifications and eligibility, II. 119, 126, 133,
399; III. 317, 319; IV. 33; Convention of 1846, II.
208; Convention of 1867, 343, 348; state, to be chosen
at gubernatorial election, 344, 401; III. 312; compen-
sation, II. 562; qualifications proposed. III. 134; in-
creasing or diminishing fees, 297 ; civil service, general
note, 313 ; use of public funds, 390; free transportation
486 Constitutional History of New York.
of public officers, 654 ; delegation of power, official term,
IV. 223 ; reducing compensation, 268 ; abolishing office,
shortening term, 269, 275 ; notes on, 274 ; penalty for
refusing to serve, 275 ; right to hold office, 293 ; no
vested right in office, 330 ; compensation, vested rights,
331 ; policemen, status of, 424; judicial, supervision of,
5345 "office" defined, 551 ; extension of term, 621, 741 ;
judicial in cities, uniformity in method of selection, 622,
756 ; reimbursement of officer, public purpose, 698 ; re-
moval of county officers, I. 270, 389; IV. 720; ap-
pointments by state authority, 736 ; police captain, status
of> 7371 firemen, 744; health officer, 744; changing
name of office and dividing duties, 747 ; new office, 748 ;
village trustees, 750; members of board of education,
750 ; transfer of powers, 753 ; holding over, 761 ; no-
tary public, status of, 793 ; gifts to, prohibited. III. 720.
Officers, United States, nominations and vacancies, I. 144;
commissions^ 145 ; impeachment, 145 ; official oath, no
religious test, 149.
Official Oath, prescribed, I. 212, 273, 309, 393J III. 697, 713 ;
IV. 788; in colonial assembly, I. 451; none in First
Constitution, 552; ordinance of 1777, 565; proposed
amendment of, II. 233 ; Convention of 1867, 406 ; Com-
mission of 1872, 563 ; IV. 726; Convention of 1894, III.
652.
Ogdensburg, incorporated. III. 619.
Olean, incorporated. III. 619; proposed connection with Eric
canal, II. 49.
Oleomargarine, notes on, IV. 108 ; police power, 277, 282.
Oneida County, erected. III. 172; assembly representation
in, 157; see Tables of Senate and Assembly Apportion-
ments, 150, 168; apportionment of 1892, 198; commis-
sioners to erect courthouse, legislative appointment sus-
tained, IV. 738.
Oneida Lake Canal Company, authorized to construct canal,
n. S3-
Oneida River Improvement, note on, II. 544.
General Index. 487
Onondaga Canal Company, authorized to construct canal, II.
51-
Onondaga County, erected, III. 171 ; see Tables of Senate
and Assembly Apportionments, 150, 168; supervision of
gospel and school lots, 499; settlement of disputes re-
lating to land in, IV. 38, 269, 271.
Ontario County, erected, III. 168; assembly representation
in, 157, 158; see Tables of Senate and Assembly Ap-
portionments, 150, 168.
Ontario Manumission Society, incorporated, II. 61.
Ontario Steam & Canal Company, petition for repeal of law
allowing damages for injuries causing death. III. 60.
Opdyke, George, Convention of 1867, II. 246; on taxation,
360.
Commission of 1872, II. 470 ; on drainage, 477 ; resi-
dence in election district, 478 ; educational qualifications
of voters, 479; governor's compensation, 513; people
may sanction sale of canal, II. 542 ; application of canal
funds, 542; compulsory education, 561.
Orange County, erected, III. 139; mentioned, I. 42; repre-
sentation in assembly, 148; see Tables of Senate and
Assembly Apportionments, III. 150, 168; county judge
and surrogate not to practise, 371.
Orange & Sussex Canal Company, authorized to construct
canal, II. 51.
Ordinance, adopted by first Convention, I. 53, 562 ; text of,
562-571 ; appointment and election of officers, 564.
Orleans County, erected. III. 177; see Tables of Senate and
Assembly Apportionments, 150, 168.
Orphan Schools, Governor Seward recommends, III. 573;
established, 574.
Osborn, William Church, Convention of 1894, III. 27; pow-
ers of state not to be delegated for use outside county,
73 ; committee on apportionment, 206 ; remarks on ap-
portionment, 224 ; executive term, 308 ; state board of
charities, supervision of reformatories, 472.
488 Constitutional History of New York.
Oswegatchie Navigation Company, authorized to construct
canal, II. 53.
Oswego, incorporated. III. 619.
Oswego Canal, survey ordered, II. 48; completion noted, 56;
proposed improvement, III. 376; not to be sold, I. 306,
322, 380; II. 541; IV. 664.
Oswego Canal Company, authorized to construct canal, II.
51-
Oswego County, erected. III. 175; see Tables of Senate and
Assembly Apportionments, 150, 168; local law, IV. 395.
Oswego Training School, established. III. 542.
Otsego County, erected. III. 171 ; see Tables of Senate and
Assembly Apportionments, 150, 168.
Otsego Lake, proposed canal connection with Chemung river
and Erie canal, II. 50.
Ottendorfer, Oswald, member Tilden Cities Commission,
1875,11.669.
Overseers, under Duke's laws, I. 424, 459.
Oyster Beds, injury to, IV. 122, 289; discrimination against
nonresidents, IV. 224.
Palatine, local law, IV. 404.
Panama Railroad Company, private law, IV. 383.
Pan American Exposition, women as managers of, II. 310.
Pardons, governor's power, I. 29, 32, 42, 201, 242, 356, 526,
669; II. 135, S17; III. 310, 703; IV. 472, 730; Gov-
ernor Fenton's suggestion, II. 329; proposed Council
of Revision, 507; III. 310; commission proposed, II.
577; Convention of 1894, III. 72, 310; court and board
of pardons proposed, 310, 311 ; no vested right in com-
mutation, IV. 331 ; general note, 473 ; conditions, 473,
532; judgment, how affected, 474; parole, 474; pro-
cedure, 475 ; reprieve, 475 ; suspension of sentence, 475.
Park Avenue Railroad Company, private law, IV. 393.
General Index. 489
Parker, Alton B., supreme court, opinion, administrative
functions of judges, IV. 242, 527; court of appeals,
opinion, drainage amendment, 1894, 141 ; governor's
power of removal, 728 ; service in court of appeals, re-
signs to become candidate for president, II. 261 ; III.
346.
Parker, Amasa J., Convention of 1867, II. 245 ; member of
judiciary committee, 248; on judicial tenure, 257 ; pro-
poses minority representation in court of appeals, 259 ;
on quorum of court, 260; commission of appeals, 263;
favors power to veto parts of bills, 341 ; consolidation
of railroad companies, 373.
Supreme Court, opinion, status of new ;ofiense, IV.
50-
Rarker, Myron L., Convention of 1894, III. 28 ; on drainage,
32-
Parkhurst, John F., Convention of 1894, III. 26; on suf-
frage, inmates of soldiers' home, 89; member of ju-
diciary committee, 337.
Parks, eminent domain, IV. 134; municipal supervision of,
254 ; public purpose, 697.
Parliament, Long, note on. III. 144; power of, IV. lo;
origin of, 369; King's relation to, 495; removal of of-
ficers, 558.
Rarmenter, Roswell A., Convention of 1894, III. 27 ; mem-
ber of judiciary committee, 337 ; on court of appeals,
348, 373 ; local charities to be defined, 582 ; constitu-
tional convention, when question to be submitted, 660;
powers of convention, 669.
Parties, rights of, IV. 34.
Partition, unknown heirs, IV. 109; surplus in, 296,531, 617;
jurisdiction of county court, 614.
Passes, prohibited, I. 398; IV. 792; Judiciary Commission
of 1890, II. 717; Convention of 1894, III. 653.
Patents, jurisdiction of state courts, IV. 532.
Patroons, powers, I. 413 ; II. 14.
Patterson, Edward, supreme court, opinion, municipal in-
debtedness, how ascertained, IV. 690.
490 Constitutional History of New York.
Patterson, George W., Convention of 1846, II. 104; on
clergymen's right to hold office, iii; member of ju-
diciary committee, 140; opposes sale of unfinished ca-
nals, 172; on limiting state debts, 178; removal of
judges, IV. 565.
Peaconic Navigation Company, authorized to construct
canal, II. 53.
Peck, John H., Convention of 1894, III. 28 ; on drainage, 33 ;
codification, 56; committee on apportionment, 206; on
apportionment, 210; prison labor, 290; civil service,
qualifications of appointees, 333; opinion of judiciary
article, 340 ; on appellate division, 357 ; election of gen-
eral term judges, 359; education in charitable institu-
tions, 470 ; university and department of public instruc-
tion, 553; instruction of children in charitable institu^
tions, 577, 579; separate city and county elections, 641.
Peckham, Rufus, Sr., service in court of appeals, II. 261.
Peckham, Rufus W., Jr., court of appeals, opinion. New
England town representation not applied in New York,
III. 143; apportionment of 1892, 198, 201, 203; service
in court of appeals, appointed justice United States Su-
preme Court, II. 261.
Pellew, William G., Life of John Jay, dted, I. 605.
Pemaquid, first assembly apportionment. III. 138, 139;
Cornwall county, 139; transferred to New England,
149.
Penal Code, commission to prepare. III. 54; enacted, 54;
poolselling, restricting other provisions, IV. 415.
Penalty, trial by jury, IV. 50; remedy on, 302; no vested
right in, 331.
Pensions, for certain judicial officers, I. 58, 317; II. 575,
590 ; III. 366 ; proposed for certain municipal officers,
II. 293; III. 299; Judiciary Commission of 1890, II.
713; Convention of 1894, III. 366; pensioners cannot
be excluded from right to hold office, IV. 34 ; no vested
right in, 331 ; to teachers, 452.
People, source of authority, I. 166, 501, 728, 735; IV. 147;
General Index. 491
source of title, I. 229, 328, 742; II. 118; IV. 147; may
keep and bear arms, I. 153, 732, 741 ; right of petition,
I. 153, 229, 328, 732, 740; IV. 144; owners of crown
estates, II. 14 ; resume power as to state debts, 73 ; peo-
ple's resolution, 83, 175; sovereignty of, I. 229, 328;
II. 289; IV. 147; colonial period, representative gov-
ernment not an absolute right. III. 141 ; responsible for
selection of public officers, 318; sovereignty over cities,
637, 650 ; legislative power of, IV. 220 ; claims against
state, 660; to obey executive authority, Tryon's com-
mission, III. 708.
People's College at Havana, authorized to receive benefit of
Federal donation of public lands for educational pur-
poses, II. 366; regents, supervision of, 366; proposed
privileges transferred to Cornell University, 367.
Perjury, reducing minimum punishment for, IV. 233.
Perkins, Bishop, Convention of 1846, II. 105 ; on election of
state prison inspectors, 139.
Petition of Rights, 1628, origin and summary of, I. 717.
Petition, Right of, guaranteed, United States, I. 153, 732;
state Constitution, I. 229, 328, 740; IV. 144.
Phipps, Charles L., Convention of 1894, III. 26; quotes Gov-
ernor Flower as to method of voting, 109 ; on prohibit-
ing sectarian aid, 553.
Pierrepont, Edwards, Convention of 1867, II. 244; member
of judiciary committee, 248; opposes appointment of at-
torney general, 345.
Pilot Commissioners, New York, how appointed, IV. 749.
Pilots, police power, IV. 285.
Pintard, John, secretary City Hotel canal meeting, 1815, I.
706.
Pitcher, Nathaniel, lieutenant governor becomes governor,
IV. 478.
Pitt, William (the younger), House of Commons demands
his dismissal from office ; refuses to resign, IV. 559.
Place of Trial. See Venue.
492 Constitutional Histom of New York.
Plank Road Company, grantor's reversion, IV. 120; aban-
donment of road, 213, 259; applying other statutes as
to tolls, 412.
Piatt, Jonas, senate, 1810, resolution appointing canal com-
mission, I. 702 ; City Hotel canal meeting, 1815, 705 ;
justice of supreme court, delegate to Convention of 1821,
I. 631, 634, 676; remarks on suffrage, 641 ; negro suf-
frage, 665 ; pardoning power, 669 ; Council of Revision,
743, 746 ; statement as to its work, 744.
Platzek, M. Warley, Convention of 1894, III. 27 ; unanimity
of verdict, 67 ; eligibility to appellate division, 357 ; ap-
peals from New York city court, 363; unification of
education departments, 558.
Pleadings, trial by jury, IV. 51.
Plumbers, acts relating to, IV. 278, 279.
Plymouth Company, charter, I. 17; remonstrance against
Dutch colonization of New York, 18.
Police Justice, in New York, election of, IV. 621 ; Com-
ing, 623 ; Ilion, 624 ; Port Jervis, 624 ; Coxsackie, 624 ;
Whitesborough, 626; in villages, 628; when may be
vested with exclusive jurisdiction, 628; in New York,
act of 1895, 633 ; Wappingers Falls, 757.
Police Power, general note, IV. 276; defined, 276, 277;
amusements, 277; animals at large, 277; buildings,
277; business, 277; cemeteries, 279; children, 279;
commerce, 280 ; commitments, 281 ; excise, 281 ; fires,
281 ; fish, 281 ; flag, 281 ; food products, 282 ; foreign
insurance companies, 282; Indian lands, 282; labor,
282 ; navigation, 283 ; nuisance, 283 ; ordinances, 284 ;
personal rights, 285 ; pilots, 285 ; poor persons, 285 ;
prison made goods, 285 ; public health, 286 ; railroads,
287; riparian owner, 288; streets, 288; summary sei-
zures, 289; Sunday, 289; tenement houses, 289.
Policy of 1842, described, II. 58, 84, 85, 86, 90; proposed
constitutional amendment confirming pledges of, 58, 86;
eflect of, 165.
Political Code, commission to prepare, III. 54.
General Index. 493
Political CommxLtees, right to nominate election officers, L
333; III. 124, 125, 127, 319; IV. 197.
"Political History of New York" (Hammond), cited, I. 605 ;
II. 132; III. 317; IV. 359.
Political Year, when it begins, I. 197, 271, 390, 640; II.
466; IV. 763; note on, 464.
Pollock, Sir Frederick, opinion, libel, report of judicial pro-
ceedings, IV. 143;
Pond, Alembert, Convention of 1867, II. 245 ; plan for court
of appeals, 250.
Poolselling and Bookmaking, prohibited; I. 328; HI. 46,
52; IV. 144; Convention of 1894, III. 33, 48; Ives
pool law, 1887, 47; IV. 428; notes on, 146; equal pro-
tection of the laws, 227^ penal Code, restricting other
provisions, 415, 429.
Population, general article, I. 463 ; first Federal census, 469 ;
number of colored persons, 1820, 661 ; Governor De
Witt Clinton's estimate, HI. 511.
Port Chester, local law, IV. 407.
Port Jervis, sidewalk injuries, short limitation invalid, IV.
108; police justice, 624.
Port Ontario Hydraulic Canal Company, authorized to con-
struct canal, II. 53.
Pbrter, James S., Convention of 1894, III. 28; probation for
naturalized voters, 78; apportionment, 210; qualifica-
tions of coroner, 580.
Porter, Peter B., member of canal commission, 1810, I. 702 :
commission of 181 1, 704.
Postmaster General, Fourth Assistant, report of. Hooker
case, IV. 569.
Potter, Piatt, court of appeals, opinion, competency of legis-
lative journals, IV. 376 ; summoned before assembly on
a question of privilege, 607-612.
Poucher, William A., member of forest preserve commission,
1884, III. 412; minority report, 417.
Poughkeepsie, meeting of legislature, I. ';8s ; incorporated,
III. 619.
494 Constitutional History of New York.
Pratt, Charles R., Convention of 1894, III. 28; opposes
prison labor amendment, 291 ; on exemptions from tax-
ation, 305; election of local justices, 364; limitation of
state claims, 391.
Pratt, Daniel J., education in the colony, III. 478, 484.
Preamble, United States Constitution, I. 132; Constitution,
state, I. 162, 192, 226, 325 ; IV. 3 ; Convention of 1867,
II. 289; Convention of 1894, III. 66; note on, IV. 3;
introduction to First Constitution, 3 ; meaning and use
of, 5 ; religious aspects of, 5 ; what is a constitution ? 6 ;
various uses of term, 7 ; judicial definitions, 10.
President of the Senate, lieutenant governor, I. 176, 201, 244,
357; IV. 481; power in court of errors, I. 182; note
on. III. 230; when to act as governor, I. 177, 201, 244,
357, 530; II. 225; IV. 481 ; temporary president, elec-
tion and powers of, I. 177, 182, 193, 201, 239, 244, 348,
357; 530; II. 225; IV. 363, 481; Convention of 1894,
III 230; historical note, IV. 483; duty in impeach-
ment cases, 600.
President, United States, action on bills, repassage, I. 137;
approval of concurrent resolutions, 138; election and
term, 142; qualifications, 143; vacancy in office, 143;
compensation, 143; official oath, 144; general powers,
144; general duties, 145; how chosen, 155; removal,
145-
Presidential Electors, United States, when and how chosen,
I. 142, 143; procedure, 155.
Preston, Jonas M., Commission of 1872, II. 470 ; sale of salt
springs, 550.
Prindle, Elizur, Convention of 1867, II. 245 ; proposes three
judicial departments, 268; on age limit of judges, 269;
on vetoing distinct parts of bills, 341.
Prindle, Horace G., county judge, trial before senate, 1872,
IV. 583.
Pringle, Benjamin, Commission of 1872, II. 470; prohibit-
ing state aid, 556.
leneral Index.
495
'rison Labor, regulated, I. 354; IV. 453; historical note,
III. 246; labor system inaugurated, 248; competition
with free labor, 250, 257, 258, 259, 266, 271, 272, 274,
276, 277j 281, 286, 290, 291 ; convicts to work on canals,
253 ; contracts for labor, 255, 256, 260, 267, 273 ; com-
mission to examine prison system, 255 ; petitions against
competition with convict labor, 259, 260; "Auburn
plan," 264; silk manufacture recommended. III. 267,
269, 270 ; convict labor in mining, 271 ; abolition of
contract system recommended, 274 ; convict labor reso-
lutions in legislature, 1882, 276, 277; people approve
proposition to abolish contract labor, 279 ; contract la-
bor abolished, 280; public account system recommend-
ed, 281; supplies for public institutions, 281, 283; ex-
traordinary session of legislature, 1888, 282; Fassett
law of 1889, 283 ; convict labor in road building, 284 ;
Convention of 1894, 70, 246, 287; debate on proposed
amendment, 288; plan adopted, 293; results of new
policy, 293; proposed amendment of 1895, 684; con-
vict-made goods, IV. 209, 285.
Prisons. See also Prison Labor. Office of superintendent
created, I. 58, 313, 361 ; II. 375, 533, 575, 583; III. 248;
IV. 512; inspectors, I. 246; II. 137, 138, 374; III.
248; office abolished, I. 313; labor regulated, I. 354;
IV. 453; state commission, I. 386; IV. 699; Conven-
tion of 1846, II. 138; Clinton prison, 138; Convention
of 1867, 374; Governors Fenton and Morgan on prison
management, 375 ; prison committee's report, 375 ;
board of managers proposed, 377, 405, 464, 465, 466,
533' 584; amendment of 1876, 583; prison labor, gen-
eral article. III. 246; state prisons authorized, 248;
reformation of offenders, 247, 250; Auburn prison
established, 251 ; commutations for good behavior, 253,
254, 273; Sing Sing prison^ 256; assembly committee
on prisons, 1832, 257 ; penal colony suggested, 261, 268 ;
prison commission's report, 1835, 264; Clinton prison
established, 272; prison finances, 275; Fassett law of
496 Constitutional History of New York.
1889, 283; Convention of 1894, III. 246, 287; debate
on proposed amendment, 288; plan adopted, 293; re-
sults of new policy, 293 ; civil service, 321 ; state liable
for expense of prosecuting offenses committed in, IV.
318; application of civil service law, 512.
Private or Local Law (scope), limited, I. 299, 350, 407;
IV. 415; Commission of 1872, II. 493; changing the
names of persons, IV. 418; highways, 418; drainage,
420; county seats, 420 ; changing venue, 421 ; villages,
421 ; supervisors, 421 ; jurors, 423 ; rate of interest,
423; elections, 423; extra allowance, 423; railroads,
425 ; franchises, 427 ; tax exemptions, 430 ; bridges, 430 ;
street railroads, 430.
Private or Local Law (Title), Constitution, I. 241, 349; II.
321, 399, 494; IV. 377; Tryon's instructions. III. 716;
historical note, IV. 377 ; definitions, 380 ; statutes valid,
383 ; statutes invalid, 402.
Private Property. See also Due Process of Laiv; Eminent
Domain. State jurisdiction exclusive, IV. 28, 34; legis-
lature cannot transfer property from one person to an-
other, 38, 87, 296, 300 ; certificate under liquor tax law;
47, 94i 265 ; compensation when taken, for public use,
69, 112; bicycle path, 114; canals, 114; cause of ac-
tion, 115; cemeteries, 115; compensation, 115; conse-
quential damages, 117; dower, 117; drainage, 117;
foreign insurance companies, 117; franchise, 118; high-
ways, 118; Hudson river, riparian owner, 122; muni-
ments of title, 122; oyster beds, 122; railroad aid,, 123;
snow and ice, 123 ; taxation, 123 ; trade label, 123 ; wa-
ter, 123 ; wharves, 124.
Private Roads, opening, I. 228, 327; IV. 109, 135, 237;
notes relating to, IV. 139.
Privileges and Immunities, Articles of Confederation, I.
117, 551 ; Federal Constitution, 147; 14th Amendment,
157; not to be exclusive, 300, 350, 408; IV. 416, 427;
notes on, IV. 28^; humane society, license fee, 429.
General Index. 497
Procedure. See also Remedy. Commissioners to revise, I.
258; impaneling jury, IV. 51; preferences in civil ac-
tions, 109, 295, 533 ; security for costs, 227, 296 ; ap-
peal, 293, 549 ; conditional right of action, 294 ; crimi-
nal cases, 294; foreign corporations, 294; liquor tax
law, 295 ; minors, 295 ; place of trial, 295 ; substituted
service, 296; surplus in partition, 296 ; extra allov^ance,
vested right in, 327 ; pardons, 475 ; removal of county
officers, 721.
Prohibition (excise), amendments proposed, II. 230, 576,
665 ; Convention of 1867, II. 385 ; Commission of 1872,
476; amendment of 1890 not submitted, 576. See also
Excise.
Prohibition, Writ of, Convention of 1894, III. 666.
Property, defined, IV. 112; legislature cannot transfer from
one person to another, 38, 87, 296, 300; eminent do-
main, absolute title may be acquired, 297; acquisition
by state, 297; public, taxation of, 320, 321; adverse
possession, 325.
Property Qualifications, officers, Sloughter's instructions, T.
34; abrogated, I. 57, 225; II. 7.
Proprietary Government, Duke of York, I. 5, 17. See also
Dutch West India Company.
Pror(^ation, of Congress, by President, I. 145 ; of assembly,
by colonial governor, 33, 38, 431 ; by governor under
Constitution, 175, 451.
Prosser, Erastus S., Convention of 1867, II. 244 ; on chari-
table appropriations, 394.
Provincial Congress, First, meets in New York, I. 51, 477;
calls second Provincial Congress, 477; dissolved, 477.
Pfovincial Congress, Second, meets in New York, I. 52,
477 ; calls new congress, 52, 577 ; adopts military code,
III. S93 ; dissolved, I. 477.
Provincial Congress, Third, meets in New York, I. 5^, 477 ;
not deemed authorized to establish civil government,
52, 479, 481 ; recommends new congress to organize
state government, 481 ; dissolved, 477, 484.
Vol. V. Const. Hist. 32.
498 Constitutional History of New York.
Provincial Congress, Fourth, meets at White Plains, I. 45,
53, 484; list of delegates, I. 484; ratifies Declaration
of Independence, I. 36, 487; changes its name to con-
vention, 53, 487; III. 593.
Provincial Convention, meets in New York, I. 476; elects
delegates to Continental Congress, 476 ; dissolved, 476.
Provoost, Rev. Samuel, invited to preach before first Con-
vention, I. 491.
Pruyn, Robert H., Commission of 1872, II. 470; chosen
chairman, 471.
Public Health, practice of medicine, IV. 22 ; various ques-
tions considered, 35 ; trial by jury, 51 ; tenement
houses, III, 286, 289; ordinances, 254, 286; police
power, 282, 286; maternity hospitals, 287; health of-
ficer, 744.
Public Instruction, Department of, recommended, 1835, III.
516; established, 1854, 516.
Public Lands, Governor Dongan authorized to make grants
of, I. 29 ; id. Governor Tryon, III. 707, 732, 735 ; In-
dian lands to be acquired, I. 30.
Public Market, eminent domain, IV. 134.
Public Officers Law, when office deemed vacant, IV. 564;
procedure in removal cases, 575, 578, 721.
Public Purpose, considered, IV. 690; complete definition not
practicable, 691, 697; Brooklyn bridge, 690; compro-
mising claim, 691 ; counsel for defendant in criminal
cases, 691 ; county expenses in criminal cases, 692 ;
delegates to convention, 693; drafted men, 693; ele-
vating railroad tracks, 693 ; entertainment of visitors,
693; exempt firemen's fund, 694; grade crossings,
694; highway damages, 694; inebriates' home, 694;
labor law, 695; lighting streets, 695; manufacturing
corporation, 696; monuments, 696; official badges,
697 ; parks, 697 ; rapid transit, 697 ; reimbursement of
officers, 698; Shepherd's Fold, 698; Spuyten Duyvil
creek, 698 ; volunteer firemen, 699 ; water district, 699 ;
water supply, 699.
General Index. 499
Public School, includes common school, but not normal
school, IV. 709.
Public Use, property taken for, IV. 68, 1 12 ; second taking,
127; general note, 131 ; legislative declaration not con-
clusive, 132; various subjects considered, 132; tax-
ation, 311, 320.
Punishments, excessive prohibited, I. 155, 227, 326, 733,
738; IV. 65; Convention of 1846, II. no; cruel and
unusual, IV. 66; indeterminate sentence, 216; place of
imprisonment, 216; second offense, 217, 233; suspen-
sion of sentence, 218, 475 ; uniformity not required, 218,
266; perjury, 233; death penalty, 67, 216, 233; par-
dons, 473.
"Puritan, The, in Holland, England, and America" (Camp-
bell), cited. III. 476.
Putnam, Harvey W., Convention of 1894, III. 28; registra-
tion, 105 ; claims seat in convention, 666.
Putnam County, erected, III. 174; see Tables of Senate and
Assembly Apportionments, 150, 168.
Quarter Sales, abolished, I. 230, 329; II. 116; IV. 152.
Quartering Soldiers, regulated. United States, I. 153, 732;
Articles of Capitulation, 422 ; second Charter of Liber-
ties, 440; Bill of Rights, 719, 731, 742.
Queens (borough), separate sdiools for white and for col-
ored children, IV. 708.
Queens County, erected, III. 139; mentioned, I. 42; under
British dominion during Revolution, 45; apportion-
ment of 1702, III. 141 ; representation in assembly,
1774, 148; see Tables of Senate and Assembly Appor-
tionments, 150, 168; local law, IV. 390, 401; bridge
over boundary stream, 430; divided, Nassau county
erected, 446; board of supervisors in, 446.
5O0 Constitutional History of New York.
R
Radcliff, Jacob, Convention of 1821, I. 631 ; remarks on
negro suffrage, 662 ; formation of corporations, II. 64 ;
apportionment of i8oi. III. 155 ; removal of judges,
IV. 559-
Railroad Competition, Governor Hunt's remarks on, II.
219; note on, 612; effect on canal revenues, IV. 645.
Railroads. See also Street Railroads. Special law pro-
hibited, I. 300, 351, 408; II. 400, 497; IV. 416, 425;
Governor Seward on construction of railroads, II. 57;
state reserves right to buy, 95; summary of develop-
ment, 97; summary of state aid, 99; competition with
canals, 219, 612; fee of land taken for, 292, 397; in
cities and villages, 323 ; sale of franchise, 326 ; local aid
prohibited, 358, 557; IV. 123, 214, 320, 686; consolida-
tion regulated, II. 373, 405, 561 ; Commission of 1872,
11.560; activity in railroad enterprise, 613 ; canal tolls,
613 ; Governor Seward on state ownership of, 622 ; free
transportation of public officers, III. 654; IV. 287;
mileage books, IV. 96, 106, 209, 213, 267; passage
tickets, 109, 287; eminent domain, preliminary survey,
113; crossing highways, 128; corporations, 213; fences
and cattle guards, 214, 287; flagmen at crossings, 219;
obligation of contracts, 270; grade crossings, 271, 287,
694; police power, 287; heating passenger cars, 287;
vested rights, 331; special acts, 425; municipal cor-
porations, 427 ; eminent domain, second report of com-
missioners conclusive, 526; gates at crossings, 553;
cannot be constructed on forest preserve lands, 664;
on or near canal lands, 666; increased burdens, 674;
elevating tracks, public purpose, 693; state railroad
commissioners, free transportation of, 793.
Raines, Thomas, Judiciary Commission of 1890, II. 685; on
court of appeals, 689 ; county judges and surrogates not
to practise, 717.
General Index. 501
Randall, Henry S., superintendent of common schools,
recommends separate department, III. 545.
Rapallo, Charles A., service in court of appeals, II. 261.
Rapid Transit, municipal corporation may receive franchise,
IV. 427; limitation of indebtedness, 6go; public pur-
pose, 697.
Rate Bill, note on. III. 526; abolished, 1867, 530.
Ratification, note on, IV. 297; original jurisdiction neces-
sary, 298; common council, 298; corporations, 298;
elections, 299 ; repealed statute, 299 ; state officers, 299 ;
towns, 299; unconstitutional acts, 299; validation of
assessments and tax, 323; railroads, 426, 427, 429;
claims against state, 434.
Rathbun, George, Convention of 1867, II. 245 ; on equal tax-
ation, 359.
Ray, Henry, member of assembly, attachment against, IV.
607.
Raynor, George H., member state park commission, 1872,
III. 394.
Real Property, Charter of Liberties, I. 103, 440; alienation
to be free, 104, 230, 329; IV. 152; sovereignty in, I.
229, 328; IV. 147; absolute ownership, I. 229, 329;
IV. 149; crown estates vested in people, II. 14; fines
and quarter sales abolished, I. 230, 329; II. 116; IV.
152; state jurisdiction exclusive, IV. 28; foreign, ju-
risdiction of supreme court, 530.
Receivers, notes on, IV. no.
Receiver General, office established, Tryon's instructions,
III. 743.
Recognizance, trial by jury, IV. 51 ; summary judgment on,
98.
Recorder, term, removal, I. 211, 673, 688; not a constitu-
tional office, IV. 622 ; Buffalo, court changed to supe-
rior court, 624.
Recording Acts, validity sustained, IV. 271.
Reed, Thomas B., contested congressional elections, II. 582.
502 Constitutional History of New York.
Referees, proposed election of, III. 374; trial by jury, IV.
51-
Referendum. See Initiative and Referendum.
Reformed Protestant Dutch Church at Tappan, incorporat-
ed, II. 59, 61.
Regents. See also University. University corporation con-
tinued, I. 388; IV. 709; supervision of People's Col-
lege, II. 366; lottery for academy. III. 36; general
note, 492; first univirsity law, 494; university reor-
ganized, 495; first recommendation of public schools,
501; lottery act of 1801, 504; supervision of schools,
505; IV. 717; instruction of teachers, IV. 512, 517,
521, 541; proposed unification act, 1835, III. 516;
state library, 523; unification, general note, 532; IV.
709 ; status of, under first Constitution, III. 534 ; union
free schools, 543 ; IV. 71 1 ; superintendent of public
instruction, e.v officio regent, III. 546 ; powers enlarged,
548; Convention of 1894, 551, 557; IV. 712; sectarian
aid prohibited. III. 560; convocation of 1899, IV. 713;
unification commission appointed, 713; report of, pro-
posed bill, 714; legislative joint committee of 1903, 716;
unification act of 1904, 716; board reorganized, 716.
Registers, how chosen, I. 179, 205, 269, 389; IV. 720; re-
moval, I. 206, 270, 389; IV. 720; Convention of 1846,
11.208; Convention of 1867, 402.
Registration of Voters, historical note. III. 91 ; Convention
of 1821, 91 ; proposed list of electors, 92 ; Convention
of 1846, 93 ; Convention of 1867, 93 ; Commission of
1872, 93; election law of 1822, 94; executive sugges-
tions, 95, 97, lor ; fluctuation of legislative opinion, 96;
election law of 1892, 102; Convention of 1894, 102;
compulsory voting, 102 ; judicial decisions, IV. 195.
Religion, encouraged. Freedoms and Exemptions, I. 9;
Sloughter's instructions, 33 ; conversion of negroes and
Indians, 34; III. 746; freedom of English church,
Magna Charta, I. 78; under Stuyvesant, 417; first con-
vention separates church and state, 543; gospel lots,
General Index. 503
reserved from public lands, III. 393, 497, 499 ; its rela-
tion to charities, 469; religious instruction in colony,
480, 482, 485, 497, 563, 743; early state policy/ 498,
563 ; religious aspects of preamble, IV. 5 ; Justice Al-
len on Christianity, 62 ; Christian Science, 64.
Religious Corporations, general act of 1784, II. 61.
Religious Toleration, not granted by Freedoms and Exemp-
tions, 1640, I. 10, 26; Reformed religion established,
10; toleration proposed, 1638, 10, 414; guaranteed by
Articles of Capitulation, 26, 422; guaranteed by Duke
of York, 26; in Charter of Liberties, I. 27, 105, 439,
440 ; Sloughter's instructions, 33 ; rule continued
through colonial period, 33; III. 743; United States
Constitution, 153, 732; first state Constitution, 185,
541; III. 489; Second Constitution, I. 213, 734; Third
Constitution, 226; Fourth Constitution, 326, 736; IV.
54; Duke's laws, I. 423; challenge to voters, 453;
plans proposed in first convention, 541 ; historical note,
541-545; Convention of 1846, II. no; IV. 60; Con-
vention of 1867, II. 291 ; in Cornell University, 367 ;
state board of charities, 393 ; Convention of 1894, III.
68, 552; sectarian aid prohibited, 560; general note,
IV. 54; blasphemy, 55; Convention of 1821, 56.
Remedy. See also Limitation of Actions; Procedure. On
contract, to be protected, II. 293; obligation of con-
tracts, IV. 271 ; legislative discretion, 300 ; appropria-
tions, 301 ; contract not affected, 301 ; insurance law,
301; judgments, 302; mechanic's lien, 302; penalty,
302 ; pending action, 302 ; matter of right, 302 ; retro-
spective acts, 303; revival of action, 303; service of
process, 303 ; torts, 303.
Removal of Actions, IV. 534.
Removal of Officers, by legislature, I. 197, 253, 370, 673 ;
II. 163; III. 369; IV. 554; judicial, procedure, I. 224,
253, 370; IV. 554; judges and justices of inferior
courts, I. 205, 257, 292, 375 ; county officers, 270, 389,
674; II. 350; IV. 721; legislature to provide for, I.
504 Constitutional History of New York.
271, 391; IV. 764; militia officers, I. 273, 393; IV.
768; Second Constitution, I. 673.
By the senate, I. 203, 207, 21 1, 253, 273, 287, 370,
393. 674; IV. 554, 577.
By the governor, I. 206, 270, 312, 314, 360, 362, 386,
389; II. 350, 523, 537, 582; IV. 578, 720, 724, 736.
By council of appointment, III. 317; IV. 555.
Municipal officers, IV. 275; power implied, 331, 515,
760; general note, 554; for causes arising during
previous term, 585 ; review of legislative action, 589.
Rensselaer County, erected, III. 171 ; in Van Rensselaer
tract, II. 12; land troubles in, 19; first assembly appor-
tionment, III. 138 ; see Tables of Senate and Assembly
Apportionments, 150, 168; election of supervisors, local
law, IV. 422.
Rensselaer Glass Factory, incorporated, II. 62.
Rensselaer Police District, created, act invalid, IV. 747.
Rensselaerwyck Manor, representation in colonial assembly,
I. 38; in. 142; patent for, II. 15; IV. 154; discon-
tent among tenants, II. 16; under Stephen Van Rens-
selaer's supervision , 16 ; assembly committee investi-
gates condition in, 23; arrears of rent, 23; apportion-
ment of 1691, III. 141 ; representation in assembly,
1774, 148; influence of land policy, II. 10; IV. 154.
Reporter, court of appeals, I. 283, 368, 285 ; IV. 545 ; su-
preme court, I. 294, 364; II. 285; III. 372; IV. 274,
536.
Reports of Judicial Decisions, legislature to regulate publi-
cation of, any person may publish, I. 258, 294, 376 ; IV.
632; council of law reporting proposed, II. 718.
Republican State Convention, 1881. approves free canal
amendments, II. 646.
1882, 1883, favors submission of prohibition amend-
njent, II. 665.
1883, criticizes course of democratic party on convict
labor. III. 278.
1 89 1, resolution against judicial pensions, II, 591 ;
III. 366.
General Index. 505
Revision Commissioners, appointment, I. 258; III. 55; pow-
ers, I. 302, 352, 748; III. 55; IV. 440; publication of
colonial laws, I. 452; certain provisions not applicable
to, II. 505, 583; note on, 505, 510; bills, proposed vote
on. III. 683; object of section, IV. 441.
Reynolds, George R., Judiciary Commission of 1890, II. 684 ;
on court of appeals, 689.
Rhoades, Elijah, Convention of 1846, II. 105; on rights of
colored men, 122; residence of candidates for assem-
bly, 130; on corporations, 187.
Richmond, Samuel, Convention of 1846, II. 104; on number
of senators, 127; increase of assembly, 129; commit-
tee on canals, 166; corporatiofts, 188.
Richmond, Van Rensselaer, Commission of 1872, 11. 470;
on canal contracts, 541.
Richmond County, erected, III. 139, mentioned, I. 42; un-
der British dominion during Revolution, I. 45 ; lottery
for purchase of arms and accoutrements, III. 36; ap-
portionment of 1702, 141 ; representation in assembly,
1774, 148; see Tables of Senate and Assembly Appor-
tionments, 150, 168; appointment of police commission-
ers, IV. 724; bipartisan police commissioners, 740.
"Riders'" on Appropriation Bills, prohibited, I. 352; III.
244; IV. 440.
Ridings, three established, I. 459.
"Rise of the Dutch Republic" (Motley), cited, III. 476.
Robertson, Anthony L., Convention of 1867, II. 244; minor-
ity report on legislative powers, 324.
Robertson, James, appointed governor of province, I. 35 ; in-
structions, 46 ; proposes to establish civil authority, 48.
Robinson, Hamilton W., New York common pleas, opinion,
jurisdiction of corporations, IV. 676.
Robinson, Lucius, Commission of 1872, II. 470; on gover-
nor's compensation, 513; term and removal of superin-
tendent of prisons, 534; people may sanction sale of
canals, 542 ; canal tolls, 542 ; lateral canals, 547 ; pro-
poses section on sinking funds, 549.
5o6 Constitutional History of New York.
Chosen governor, II. 512; message, new prison man-
agement, 584; new canal management, 595; railroad
competition, 625 ; canal revenues, 633 ; reduction of
canal tolls, 643; municipal indebtedness, 656; munici-
pal reform, 669, 675 ; apportionment of 1879, III. 202 ;
prison finances, 275; charges against Mr. Ellis, bank
superintendent, IV. 587, 588; charges against Mr.
Smyth, superintendent of insurance, 587, 588.
Roche, William J., Convention of 1894, III. 27; distributing
powers of government, 67; religious toleration, 68;
procedure for naturalization, '^y ; probation for natural-
ized voters, 78; registration, 105; bipartisan election
boards, 131; prison labor, 290; official pensions, 299;
local laws, 303; legislative procedure, 304; superin-
tendent of public works, election of, 313; jurisdiction
of court of appeals, 351 ; election of local judges, 366;
lay judges in local courts, 371 ; canal improvement
commission, 376; elevator charges, 377; remarks on
canals, 379; county treasurer, official fees, county
comptroller, 582 ; limiting municipal indebtedness, 630 ;
cities, prohibiting creation of districts, 647.
Rochester, incorporated, III. 617; second class cities char-
ter, II. 571; inspectors of election in, iii, 126; local
approval of statute, IV. 221 ; local law, 390, 391, 396,
403, 409; police justices, increasing salary, 452; jus-
tices of the peace, 621, 625; municipal court, territorial
jurisdiction limited, 622, 625; amendment of statute,
673; water bonds, 688; aid to charitable institutions,
705; appropriation for secular education in orphan
asylum, 719.
Rochester Canal & Railroad Company, authorized to con-
struct canal and railroad, II. 53.
Rochester & Charlotte Turnpike Company, charter amend-
ment invalid, IV. 105.
Rockland County, erected. III. 172; assembly representa-
tion in, 158; see Tables of Senate and Assembly Ap-
portionments, 150, i68.
General Index. 507
Rodgers, Rev. John, invited to preach before first Conven-
tion, I. 491.
Rogers, Peter A., Convention of 1894, III. 27 ; on local and
private laws, official term. III. 304.
Rogers, Sherman S., Commission of 1872, II. 470; on drain-
age, 477 ; canal expenditures, 542 ; education of defec-
tives, 556; municipal indebtedness, 560.
Roelansten, Adam, first schoolmaster. III. 477.
Roman Catholic Orphan Society of Brooklyn, schools main-
tained by, are not common schools, IV. 708.
Roman Law, applicable in colony, I. 413 ; Hunter's history
of, cited, IV. 8 ; use of term "constitution," 8.
Rome, incorporated. III. 619; construction of Erie canal be-
gun at, July 4, 1817, I. 708; proposed canal to Black
river, II. 50; local approval of statute, IV. 221 ; justices
of the peace, jurisdiction of, 622.
Rondout & Oswego Railroad Company, private or local law,
IV. 387.
Roosevelt, Isaac, leaves New York at opening of Revolution,
I. 46.
Roosevelt, Theodore, governor, "emergency" messages. III.
244; designates supreme court judges for court of ap-
peals, 346; forest preserve, 434; scientific forestry,
448; governor's cabinet, IV. 457; on educational uni-
fication, 714, 715.
President, memorandum on report of Fourth Assist-
ant Postmaster General, IV. 569.
Root, Elihu, Convention of 1894, III. 26; on private prop-
erty, compensation for taking, how ascertained, 70;
probation for naturalized voters, 78; voting residence,
90; committee on apportionment, 206; on apportion-
ment, 222 ; consideration and passage of bills, 238, 240 ;
supports prison labor amendment, 292; notice of in-
troduction of bills, 302; executive consideration of
bills, 312; chairman judiciary committee, 337, 338; re-
marks on judicial organization, 350; supreme court,
352 ; judicial districts, 353 ; appellate division, 357, 358 ;
5o8 Constitutional History of New York.
election of general term justices, 359; term of Kings
county surrogate, 362 ; New York city court, 363 ; in-
ferior local courts, 365, 366; IV. 630; removal of
judges. III. 369; IV. 566; lay judges, III. 371; court
of special sessions, 372; code amendments, 375; pro-
cedure on naturalization, 375; education in charitable
institutions, 470; regents, appointment of superintend-
ent of public instruction, 559; university should have a
place in Constitution, 560; sectarian aid amendment,
576, 579; separation of church and state, 578; cities,
second passage of bill by legislature, 646 ; resolution on
v^rit of prohibition, 669; resolution on submission of
Constitution, 677.
Root, Erastus, in assembly, 1819, resolution for constitution-
al convention, I. 616.
Convention of 1821, 1. 634; remarks on suffrage, 649;
negro suffrage, 661 ; proposes to abolish court of chan-
cery, 679 ; judges in politics, ^3, 686 ; report on sub-
mission of Constitution, 751 ; appointment of commis-
sary general, II. 531 ; registration. III. 91 ; assembly
and senate organization, 159; religious toleration, IV.
56, 57; on Judge Sutherland's appointment, 359; re-
moval of judges, 560; vote requisite for impeacliiiient,
601.
Roseboom, Robert, member of Council of Appointment, I.
601.
Ross, John Z., Convention of 1821, I. 631; remarks on
negro suffrage, I. 661.
Rowland, Kate Mason, "Life of George Mason," cited, I.
504-
Rowley, Edwin C, Convention of 1894, III. 27; minority
report on cities, 640.
Royal Grants and Charters, rights under preserved, I. 184,
218, 231, 330, 750; II. 114; IV. 178.
Ruger, William C, court of appeals, opinion, educational
privileges, IV. 32, 707 ; privileges and immunities, 291 ;
special county judge and surrogate, 617; service in
court of appeals, II. 261.
General Index. 509
Ruggles, Charles H., Convention of 1846, 11. 104; sugges-
tion as to trial by jury, no; on sovereignty of people,
118; member of judiciary committee, 140; suggestions
as to lay judges, 148; on county courts, 155; taxation
for free schools, 205; composition of constitutional
convention, 21 1 ; court of appeals, opinion, taking pri-
vate property for public use, IV. 113 ; regulation of mu-
nicipal taxation, 771 ; other official service, II. 140.
Rumsey, David, Convention of 1867, II. 245; plan for
court of appeals, 250 ; on surrogates' courts, 282 ; land
taken for railroads, 292; senate districts, 318; term of
member of assembly, 320 ; proposes partial veto power,
342; county judges power to veto acts of boards of
supervisors, 350; taxation of nonresidents, 360; free
schools, 369; Commission of 1872, 470.
Rumsey, William, supreme court, opinion, cruel and unusual
punishments, IV. 66; witness against himself, waiver,
82.
Russell, John L., Convention of 1846, II. 105; opposes
negro suifrage, 119; on limiting state debts, 178; state
aid, 180; opposes plan authorizing legislature to call
convention, 211.
Russell, Leslie W., Convention of 1867, II. 245; minority
report on corporations, 371 ; Judiciary Commission of
1890, 685 ; jurisdiction of court of appeals, II. 690 ; su-
preme court, opinion, street railroads, liability to con-
struct pavements, IV. 271.
Russell, Samuel, Convention of 1821, I. 630; proposes
executive council, 749; new cotmties, erection limited,
Ul. 160.
Safety Fund, act of 1829, II. 34, 197 ; Governor Boudc on,
43-
Sag Harbor, lottery for improvement of port, III. 36.
Sailors' Snug Harbor, note on, III. 85.
5IO Constitutional History of New York.
St. John, David B., Convention of 1846, II. 105 ; on rights
of married women, 114.
St. Lavsrrence County, erected, III. 173 ; assembly represen-
tation in, 157, 158; see Tables of Senate and Assembly
Apportionments, 150, 168.
St. Lawrence River, proposed canal connection with Lake
Champlain, II. 48.
St. Mary's Boys' Orphan Asylum, secular education in, ap-
propriations for, sustained, IV. 719.
Salisbury, Aaron, Convention of 1846, II. 104; on clergy-
men's right to hold office, iii.
Salt, duty on, I. 56, 223, 708 ; II. 6, 76, 384 ; amendment of
1826, I. 223 ; II. 6.
Salt Springs, Convention of 1867, II. 384; amendment au-
thorizing sale rejected, 576, 592; not to be sold, I. 2i6^
263; II. 550.
Salvage, concurrent jurisdiction of state and Federal courts,^
IV. 534.
Samuel, Hebrew judge, circuit system, II. 264; combined
civil and military authority, IV. 466.
Sanders, John, member of Council of Appointment, I. 601.
Sandford, Elliot, Convention of 1894, III. 26; on drainage,
31 ; university, 552; prohibiting sectarian instruction in
public schools, 553.
Sands, Comfort, in third Provincial Congress, I. 479; ap-
pointed auditor general, II. 526.
Sandy Hook, lottery for lighthouse, III. 36.
Sanford, Nathan, Convention of 1821, I. 634; chancellor,
opinion, crimes, legislative power, IV. 215.
Saratoga County, erected, III. 171 ; see Tables of Senate and
Assembly Apportionments, 150, 168.
Saratoga Springs, board of education, legislative appoint-
ment of, sustained, IV. 750; avenue commissioners,
751; president, how chosen, 752, 760, 764; consolida-
tion of municipal boards, 756.
Sargent, Charles S., member of forest preserve commission,
1884, III. 412.
General Index. 511
Savage, John, appointed chief justice under second Consti-
tution, I. 677.
Saxony, consul general, action against, supreme court has
no jurisdiction, IV. 529.
Saxton, Charles T., senate, 1890, introduces bill for judiciary
commission, II. 683 ; lieutenant governor, judge of
court of claims, 683.
Schagen, Peter, on purchase of Manhattan Island, IV. 154.
Schell, Augustus, Convention of 1867, II. 244; Commission
of 1872, 470.
Schenectady, incorporated. III. 614; inspectors of election
in, 116; local law, IV. 396; closing street, 413, 426.
Schenectady Astronomical Observatory, local law, IV. 404;
state aid, 681, 719.
Schenectady & Catskill Railroad Company, required to pay
canal tolls, II. 614.
Schenectady County, erected. III. 174; first assembly appor-
tionment, 138; township representation in assembly,
1774; see Tables of Senate and Assembly Apportion-
ments, 150, 168.
Schenectady & Troy Railroad Company, state aid to, II. 99.
Schepen, functions, I. 456.
Schoharie County, erected. III. 171 ; antirent troubles in,
II. 20 ; lottery for highways, III. 36 ; assembly repre-
sentation in, 158; see Tables of Senate and Assembly
Apportionments, 150, 168.
School Commissioner, office created. III. 547; in Syracuse,
II. 310; women cannot vote for, IV. 752.
Schoonmaker, Augustus, Jr., attorney general, opinion as to
status of inmates of Soldiers' Home, III. 87.
Schoonmaker, Marius, senate, 1851, report on railroad tolls,
II. 616; Convention of 1867, II. 245; on senate dis-
tricts, 318; consideration of bills, 325; minority report
on canals, II. 356.
Schoonmaker, Rev. Martinus, invited to preach before first
convention, I. 491.
Schout-Fiscal, functions, I. 455.
512 Constitutional History of New York.
Schumaker, John G., Convention of 1867, II. 244; minor-
ity report on suffrage, 296; on trial of accused officer,
350; Convention of 1894, III. 26; on race track gam-
bling, 50; committee on apportionment, 206.
Schuyler, George W., canal auditor, recommends abolitioii
of tolls, II. 634; unconstitutionality of free list, 645.
Schuyler, Philip, in last colonial assembly, I. 474; proposes
canal between Hudson river and Lake Champlain, 1776,
692; appointed surveyor general, II. 532.
Schuyler County, erected, validity of act considered, II. 489.
703 ; III. 183 ; see Tables of Senate and Assembly Ap-
portionments, III. 150, 168; local law, IV. 384.
Scott, John Morin, leaves New York at opening of Revolu-
tion, I. 46; in third Provincial Congress, 479; Con-
vention of 1776-7, 485; member of committee on plan
of government, 490; proposes plan of apportionment,
506; proposition relating to impeachments, 539; com-
mittee to organize new government, 560; new Council
of Safety, 582 ; first secretary of state, II. 524.
Scottsville, proposed canal connection with Genesee river,
II. 49-
Scottsville Canal Company, authorized to construct canal, 11.
5.3-
Sears, Thomas B., Convention of 1846, II. 106; member of
judiciary committee, 140.
Seeker, Archbishop, letter from Dr. Johnson concerning pub-
lic education, III. 498.
Second Gass Cities, uniform charter, II. 571 ; real estate
sales in, IV. no, 279; commissioner of public safety,
dismissing member of police force, order conclusive, IV.
276, 526; street railroads, applying procedure, 415;
changing venue, 421.
Second Taking. See Eminent Domain.
Secretary of State, how chosen, I. 203, 245, 359, 671 ; II
136, 344. 401, 525 ; IV. 507; compensation, I. 245, 3$9;
IV. 507; term, I. 672; removal, 673; when may pre-
side in assembly, II. 399; proposition to appbint, 520;
General Index. 513
III. 313; historical note, II. 524; gubernatorial suc-
cession, III. 310; ex officio superintendent of common
schools, 508; ex officio regent, 520; separate office of
superintendent of public instruction created, 545 ; duty
as to constituticMial convention, 661 ; contract for public
printing, IV. 270.
Sectarian Aid, prohibited, I. 388; IV. 719; Convention of
1867, II. 391; Mr. Devlin's comparison, 394; amend-
ment prohibiting, 465, 466, 660; Commission of 1872,
475> 553; Convention of 1894, III. 68, 463. 552, 560,
575 ; historical note, 562 ; executive suggestions, 565 ;
assembly committee's report, 1838, 567; New York
city school acts, 570 ; proposed division of school funds,
571. 578.
Seeley, John G., seat in assembly contested, II. 131.
Seger, Francis, secretary, Convention of 1846, I. 280; at-
tests Constitution, 280 ; III. 675.
Senate (state), origin of, I. 55, 442, 501; III. 168; reor-
ganized, I. 56; how constituted, 171, 234, 334, 516; IV.
334; term and classification of senators, I. 172, 517,
672; II. 399; adjournments, I. 174, 193, 240, 348, 523;
IV. 364; executive sessions, I. 174, 193, 240, 348; IV.
364; limitation of membership, I. 174, 524; president
of, when to act as governor, I. 177, 201, 244, 357, 530;
II. 225; IV. 481; reorganized, 1801, I. 190; III. 173;
second Constitution, I. 192 ; temporary president, I. 193,
239, 348, 530; III. 230; IV. 481, 483; powers I. 192,
193, 239, 348 ; IV. 363 ; compensation, I. 195, 238, 298,
346, 639; II. 132, 230, 320, 399, 466, 490, 580; III. 230,
303, 682 ; IV. 355 ; members not to receive civil ap-
pointments, I. 195, 239, 298, 347, 615, 622, 639; II.
399, 491; IV. 356; disqualification, I. 196, 239, 299,
347, 639 ; II. 492 ; III. 303 ; IV. 360 ; time of election,
i. 197, 239, 348; II. 128; IV. 361; quorum, I. 171,
192, 239, 348; IV. 363; journal, I. 174, 193, 240, 348;
IV. 364; privileges of members, I. 240, 348; IV. 365,
Vol. V. Const. Hist. 33.
514 Constitutional History of New, Vork.
607, 611; manner of passing bills, I. 240, 349; III.
23s; IV. 375-
First Convention, proposed election of senators by
deputies, I. 518; Maryland plan, 520; reapportionment
after Revolutionary War, 522; first Convention ap-
points senators in southern district, I. 570; first elec-
tion under Constitution, 572; organized, list of mem-
bers, 574; resolutions relating to Council of Appoint-
ment, 602, 603 ; reorganized by Convention of 1801, I.
610; power of removal, 203, 207, 211, 253, 273, 287,
370. 393. 674; IV. 554, 577, 588; Convention of 1846,
II. 126; first election under third Constitution, 216; al-
ternate elections proposed, 230; Convention of 1867,
317; Commission of 1872, 483; qualifications proposed,
483; Governor Hoffman's observations, 485; con-
tested elections, 576, 581; III, 304; IV. 363; appor-
tionments under First Constitution, III. 168.
Districts, I. 172, 193, 234, 334, 517, 638; II. 126,
577; III. 168, 176, 181, 198, 216, 219; IV. 334, 346.
Table of senate electors under First Constitution, III.
170; apportionments under Second Constitution, 175;
tables of Senate Apportionments, 168-190; apportion-
ments under Third Constitution, i8i ; apportionment of
1892, 192; apportionment of 1894, 204; IV. 342; re-
apportionment, 344.
Judiciary committee, 1905, removal of judges, juris-
diction of legislature, IV. 573 ; Smith case, 579 ; Prin-
dle case, 583 ; McCunn case, 585 ; Curtis case, 586 ; El-
lis case, 587; Smyth case, 587; governor's recom-
mendation, 588.
Judiciary committee, 1898, report on claims against
state, IV. 663.
Senate House, purchased by state, I. 574.
Senate, United States, how constituted, I. 134; classification,
vacancies, 134; qualifications, 134; president, 135; of-
ficers, 135; impeachment, trial and judgment^ 135; dec-
tions, 135.
General Index. 515
"Seneca Chief," first boat from Buffalo to New York via
Erie canal and Hudson river, 1825, 1. 713.
Seneca County, erected. III. 173 ; see Tables of Senate and
Assembly Apportionments, 150, 168; local law, IV. 395;
county treasurer's fees, 438.
Seneca Falls, woman suffrage convention, 1848, II. 305 ; III.
82.
Seneca Lake, proposed canal connection with Chemung
river, II. 48 ; proposed canal to Bath, 49.
Seneca Lock Navigation Company, incorporated ; state to be
a stockholder ; surveyor general to be a director ; rights
of adjoining owners, I. 705.
Seneca River Towing Path, note on, II. 544.
Separable Provisions, notes on, IV. 303.
Seventh Amendment, United States, trial by jury preserved,
I. 154, 733; not applicable to state cases, IV. 27.
Seventh Day Baptists, proposition in aid of, 1846, II. no.
Seward, William H., governor, calls out militia in antirent
troubles, II. 17; gives history of controversy, 17; on
free banking law, 43 ; summary of internal improve-
ments, 57, 97; on judicial system, 68, 69, 71 ; tenure of
canal commissioners, 78 ; recommends board of internal
improvements, 78, 355; on state's financial policy, 78,
81, 83; canal enlargement, 79; favors state aid to
private enterprise, 96 ; special message on New York &
Erie Railroad Company, 98; comments on suffrage,
loi ; recommends disfranchisement as penalty for brib-
ery, loi ; results of internal improvements, 601 ; canals,
effect on New York city, 605; doubts wisdom of rail-
road tolls, 614 ; on railroad competition, 622 ; registra-
tion, HI. 96 ; silk manufacture in prisons, 270 ; recom-
mends department of education, 519; IV. 710; district
libraries. III. 520; orphan schools, 573; removes a
sheriff, IV. 723, 730.
Secretary of state, pi-omulgates 13th Amendment, I.
157; also 14th Amendment, 159.
5i6 Constitutional History of New York.
Seymour, David L., Convention of 1867, II. 244 ; on super-
intendent of public works, 356.
Seymour, Horatio, governor, favors commission of appeals,
II. 228; favors soldier vote amendment, 237; vetoes
soldier vote bill, 238; on pardoning power, 330; rail-
road competition, 623; reduction of canal tolls, 627,
628 ; Clinton prison. III. 272 ; convicts to share in their
earnings, 272 ; efBciency in prison administration, 321 ;
state scholarships for instruction of teachers, 542;
recommends separate education department, 545;
recommends legislation ratifying Civil War bounties au-
thorized by Governor Morgan, IV. 641.
State park commission, 1872, III. 394 ; letter on free
canals, 1882, II. 647.
Sheldon, Alexander, Convention of 1 821, 1. 631 ; remarks on
pardoning power, 669.
Shepard, Edward M., forest preserve commission, 1884, III.
412.
Shepard, Elliott F.^ Judiciary Commission of i8go, II. 684;
general term, transfer of cause, 698; organization of
general term, 699; judicial terms, 718.
Shepard, Lorenzo B., Convention of 1846, II. 105 ; on limit-
ing state debts, 177.
Shepherd's Fold, public purpose, IV. 698.
Sheriff, in colony, I. 42; state I. 179, 205, 269, 389; IV.
720; removal, I. 180, 206, 270, 389; IV. 720; first
constitutional Convention, I. 536; appointments under
ordinance, 1777, 564; amendments proposed, 615; sec-
ond Constitution, 671 ; term, 673 ; III. 581 ; Constitu-
tion of 1846, II. 208 ; elected to fill vacancy, IV. 723 ;
county not liable for his acts, I. 205, 270, 389 ; IV. 720,
723 ; reducing his powers, IV. 724.
Silk, manufacture in prisons recommended, III. 267, 269,
270.
Silliman, Benjamin D., Commission of 1872, II. 470; on
governor's message, 514; grants for water rights, 555;
city government, 568.
'General Index. 517
Silvester's Island, first assembly apportionment, III. 139.
Simmons, George A., Convention of 1846, II. 104; on feu-
dal tenures, 116; member of judiciary committee, 140;
opposes debt law referendum, 179; on competency of
witness, IV. 60.
Sing Sing Prison, convict labor in erection of. III. 256.
Sinking Funds, regulated, I. 306, 379; II. 549; IV. 657; for
canals, II. 173 ; on state debt. III. 688.; amendment of
1905, IV. 669; V. 551.
Sixth Amendment, United States, accused entitled to speedy
and impartial trial, I. 154, 733; legislature may regu-
late procedure, IV. 27.
Slavery, New York, first Convention considers plan to abol-
ish, I. 553; historical sketch, 652; estimated number of
blacks^ 1774. 656; sale of slaves prohibited, 657; manu-
mission laws, 657 ; instruction of slaves, 658 ; IV. 305 ;
emancipation day, I. 658; IV. 307; state opposes ex-
tension of slavery, I. 658; number of slaves, 1820, 660;
state may determine status of inhabitants, IV. 307.
Slavery, United States, importation of slaves regulated, I.
140; fugitives, 147; IV. 25; prohibited, I. 157; II.
315-
Sloughter, Henry, appointed governor, I. 33, 437; commis-
sion and instructions, 33, 437; calls assembly, 438;
schoolmaster's license. III. 482.
Smith, Carroll E., assembly, 1876, free schools and sectarian
aid, II. 661.
Smith, George W., county judge, trial of, senate, 1866, TV.
579-
Smith, George W., assembly, 1883, bill for commission on
forest preservation. III. 406.
Smith, Horace E., Convention of 1867, II. 245 ; on court of
appeals, 250; appointments in judicial departments,
269; office of county supervisor, 349.
Smith, James C, Judiciary Commission of 1890, II. 685 ; on
court of appeals, 690 ; opposes election of general term
5i8 Constitutional History of New York.
justices, 696; resolution for four judicial departments,
702; judicial pensions, 714, 715.
Smith, Joshua H., Convention of 1776-7, I. 485 ; proposes
to make governor part of legislature, 504.
Smith, Nelson, Convention of 1894, III. 27; on rights of ac-
cused, 68; compulsory voting, 133; prison labor, 290;
supreme court additional justice, 353.
Smith, William^ Jr., chief justice in colony, favors restora-
tion of civil authority, I. 48.
Smyth, John F., superintendent of insurance, trial of, senate,
1878, IV. 587.
Snow and Ice, municipal ordinance requiring removal of, IV.
123 ; on sidewalk or street, written notice of, cannot be
required, 239.
Society for the Promotion of Agriculture, Arts, and Manu-
factures, incorporated, II. 61.
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts,
supervision of education in colony, III. 484, 564.
Sodus Canal Company, authorized to construct canal, II. 53.
Soldier Vote, authorized, I. 57, 58, 295, 311, 331; II. 218;
IV. 179; historical note, II. 235; plans proposed, 236;
bill passed and vetoed, 238; amendment submitted and
approved, 239; Convention of 1867, 296; Commission
of 1872, 479; amendments proposed, 660; Spanish
American War of 1898, 240.
Soldiers' Home, note on. III. 85; status of inmates, IV.
93-
Spanish American War, 1898, taking soldier vote, II, 240;
appropriation for, IV. 635.
Speaker, assembly to choose, I. 171, 192, 193, 239, 348; IV.
363; when to act as governor, I. 357; III. 309; IV.
481, 490; in colonial assembly, I. 432, 448.
Special Proceedings, trial by jury, IV. 52.
Specie Payments, suspension of, I. 268, 382; IV. 6yy, sus-
pended for one year, II. 40; England's experience, 197.
Speer, William McM., Convention of 1894, III. 27; on pro-
hibiting special city laws, 632 ; minority report on cities,
640.
neral Index. 519
encer, Ambrose, member of Council of Appointment, I.
601.
Convention of 1821, I. 630, 633; motion as to senate
electors, 643; remarks on negro suffrage, 662; on
pardoning power, 669 ; judicial system, 685 ; Council of
Revision, 743; lotteries. III. 44, 46; registration, 91;
indictment, IV. 70 ; legislature, time of meeting, 362.
Chief justice, I. 626, 676; opinion, religious opinion
of witness, IV. 58 ; powers of legislature, 201.
Silk manufacture in prisons, III. 267; service in
Council of Revision, IV. 555.
lencer, Edgar A., Convention of 1894, III. 27; on con-
sideration and passage of bills, 237, 242; appellate di-
vision, 358 ; lay judges in Hamilton county, 371 ; city
self-government, 644.
, Supreme court, opinion, water district, public pur-
pose, IV. 699.
lencer, George T., Convention of 1867, II. 244; plan for
commission of appeals, 263 ; supreme court plan, 268 ;
jurisdiction of county courts, 273 ; mayors, 353 ; state
board of charities, 393.
•encer, William H., Convention of 1846, II. 106 ; member
of committee on canals, 166.
linola, Francis B., assembly, 1881, introduces Hayes canal
amendments, II. 646.
(ring, Alfred, supreme court, opinion, supervisor, tenure
under appointment to fill vacancy, IV. 763.
)ringweiler, Philip W., Convention of 1894, III. 28; on
labor unions, 72; remarks on prison labor, 290.
luyten Duyvil Creek, public purpose, IV. 698.
anton, Elizabeth Cady, woman suffrage convention, 1848,
II. 306.
arbuck, James F., secretary of Convention of 1846, II.
106; attests Constitution, I. 280; III. 675.
ite See also Claims against State; People. Powers limited
and regulated, I. 141 ; new states, 148 ; republican form
of government, 14J8; subject to Federal Constitution,
520 Constitutional History of New York.
149; reserve certain powers, 155; no extraterritorial
jurisdiction, IV. 216; not liable to person convicted of
crime, 217; may abandon enterprise after contract
made, 273; acquisition of property for public purpose,
297 ; may determine status of inhabitants and prescribe
rules relating to property, 307; general jurisdiction of,
307; inherent power of taxation, 308; liable for ex-
penses of prosecuting offenses committed in state pris-
ons, 318, 435, 661, 692; member of, may be taxed, 321 ;
indebtedness in 1845, 637.
State Aid, prohibited, I. 264, 377, 383, 388; II. 552; IV.
634, 680; general article, II. 91, loi, 179; state be-
comes stockholder in corporations, 30, 31, 92; review
of canal enterprise, 92 ; aid to various corporations, 93 ;
executive indorsement of, 94, 96; extent of railroad
loans, 99, 100; Convention of 1846, 166, 179; Conven-
tion unanimous against state aid, 180; Convention of
1867, 322, 384 ; Commission of 1872, 552 ; Convention
of 1894, III. 391, 562; notes on, IV. 681 ; astronomical
observatory, 681 ; deposit by insurance company, 681 ;
"money of the state," meaning of, 681.
State Assessors, proposed, II. 360.
State Bank of New York, incorporated, II. 31.
State Bar Association, receives and investigates complaint
against Justice Hooker, IV. 568-570; represented by
counsel at legislative trial, 573.
State Board of Charities, Governor Fenton recommends, II.
391; established, I. 385; II. 391; III. 459; IV. 699,
702; jurisdiction, I. 386; IV. 703; Convention of 1867,
II. 391 ; should be subordinate to legislature, 391, 395;
Convention of 1894, III. 459.
State Board of Education, proposed, II. 362, 368, 533 ; III.
559-
State Charities Aid Association, powers continued, III. 468.
State Commission in Lunacy, established, I. 386; IV. 699,
702; jurisdiction, I. 386; IV. 699; Convention of 1894,
III. 460, 473.
General Index, 521
State Commission of Prisons, established, I. 386; IV. 699,
702; jurisdiction, I. 386; IV. 699; Convention of
1894, III. 461, 472.
State Debts, limitation of, I. 264, 377; II. 82, 86, 87; IV.
634 ; for defense, I. 264, 378 ; IV. 635 ; referendum, I.
265, 378; III. 390, 688; IV. 635, 647; general articles,
II. 73, 17s; people resume power, 73, 175; state's fi-
nancial condition, 74, 76, 77, 81, 85, 86, 87; Governor
Marcy's messages, 74, yy; loan for canal enlargement,
81 ; act of 1842, 84, 85, 86, 90, 174; Governor Wright
on limiting state debts, 87; Convention of 1846, 166,
173, 174; debate on proposed article, 176; Governor
Hunt on restrictive rule, 220 ; Governor Clark on eigh-
teen year limitation, 224; Convention of 1867, II. 357,
404; Convention of 1894, III. 390, 391 ; sinking funds,
688 ; amendment of 1905, III. 692 ; IV. 636, 669 ; V. 551 ;
general note, 637; state indebtedness in 1845, 637; canal
bonding act of 1859, 639, 652, 653, 654, 655; civil war
bounties, 1865, 641, 652, 653, 654, 656; canal and gener-
al fund debts, 1870, 645, 652, 653, 655, 656; debt for
general deficiencies, 1872, 646, 652, 653, 655, 656; acts
unconstitutional, 647, 649; canal enlargement act of
1895, 649, 652, 653, 655, 656, 668; barge canal act, 1903,
649, 652, 654, 655, 656, 668 ; scope of constitutional pro-
vision, 650; not applicable to municipal debts, 651;
single object, 647, 651 ; annual tax, 651 ; whole law must
be submitted, 652; submission with other propositions,
647, 654 ; when act takes effect, 654 ; repeal, 657 ; sink-
ing funds, I. 306, 379 ; 11.549; IV. 657, 669; improve-
ment of highways, IV. 669; V. 551.
State Engineer and Surveyor. See also Surveyor General.
How chosen and qualifications, I. 245, 359; II. 137,
344; IV. 507; compensation, I. 359; IV. 507; prop-
osition to appoint, II. 520; III. 313.
State Fund, proposed by Mr. Angel, 1846, II. 169.
State Library, note on, III. 523.
522 Constitutional History of New York.
State Officers. See also Titles of Various State Officers,
general provisions, I. 177, 178, 191, 203, 245, 359; IV.
507, 765 ; Convention of 1821, I. 671 ; Convention of
1846, II. 136; Convention of 1867, 343, 441; Commis-
sion of 1872, 520; Convention of 1894, III. 312
validating acts of, IV. 299 ; method of selecting, 456.
State Park Commission, 1872, created. III. 394; report of,
395, 442.
State Police, Convention of 1867, II. 346.
State Racing Commission, created, 1895, III. 51.
State Superintendent of Common Schools, election proposed,
II. 137.
State Treasurer, how and when chosen, I. 177, 203, 245,
359, 531. 671; II. 136, 344, 401; IV. 507; compensa-
tion, I. 245, 359; IV. 507; suspension, I. 247, 362;
IV. 514; note on, II. 526, 535; proposition to appoint,
HI. 313.
State Trials and Investigations.
George G. Barnard, court of impeachments, 1872
(trial), IV. 605, 607.
George M. Curtis, senate, 1872 (trial), IV. 586.
Robert C. Dorn, court of impeachments, 1868 (trial),
IV. 607.
De Witt C. Ellis, senate, 1877 (trial), IV. 587.
Charles Guden, governor, 1902 (trial), IV. 724.
Warren B. Hooker, legislature, 1905 (trial), IV. 568-
577-
Judges, Jay and others, Hadden case, assembly, 1777
(investigation), I. 577; IV. 611.
John H. McCunn, senate, 1872 (trial), IV. 585.
John C. Mather, court of impeachments, 1853 (trial),
IV. 606.
Piatt Potter, justice of supreme court, assembly, 1870
(investigation), IV. 607-612.
Horace G. Prindle, senate, 1872 (trial), IV. 583.
George W. Smith, senate, 1866 (trial), IV. 579.
John F. Smyth, senate, 1878 (trial), IV. 587.
■eral Index. 523
William W. Van Ness, assembly, 1820 (investiga-
tion) IV. 556, 607.
:en Island, included in Richmond county, I. 42 ; first as-
sembly apportionment, III. 138.
tes General, charters Dutch West India Company, I. 6;
charter confirmed, 8; Freedoms and Exemptions, 8, 9,
12; commission to Director Stuyvesant, 12; powers in
colony, 13, 15, 23; action concerning discoveries, 411;
remonstrance from colony, 420; plans for education,
III. 479-
tue, erection of, injunction, IV. 144; public purpose, 697.
tutes, to be published, I. 258, 294, 376; IV. 632; exist-
ing, not applicable by reference, I. 299, 349; III. 716;
IV. 410; justices of the peace may determine validity
of, IV. 620; to be limited to one subject, Tryon's in-
structions, III. 716; IV. 378.
tutory Revision Commission. See also Revision Commis-
sioners. Proposes general education law, IV. 712 ; re-
quired to advise legislature as to bills, 778.
amboat Passenger Tax, imposed for canal purposes, I.
708; suspension of, 711.
ele, Abram B., Convention of 1894, III. 27; on registra-
tion, 106; pardons, governor's power limited, 310;
court of appeals, life tenure, 373 ; special county judge
and surrogate, 373; district courts, 373; specifying
courts, 374.
ele, Osman N. deputy sheriff, killed in antirent troubles,
II. 20.
ele, William H., Convention of 1894, III. 28; chosen
second vice president, 29 ; local and private bills, 306.
phens, John L» Convention of 1846, II. 105 ; member of
judiciary committee, 140; county court plan, 156.
rling, local approval of statute, IV. 221.
me, Simon, member of Tilden Cities Commission, 1875 ;
II. 669.
tson, Lemuel, Convention of 1846, II. 104; on prison
discipline, 139; corporations, 189; inequalities in leg-
524 Constitutional History of New York.
islative representation. III. 212 ; no impeachment trials
prior to 1846, IV. 603.
Steuben County, erected, III. 172; assembly representation,
157, 158; see Tables of Senate and Assembly Appor-
tionments, 150, 168; local law, IV. 394, 397; board of
supervisors, 1864, recommends limitation of Civil War
bounties, 643.
Stevens, John Austin, on First Constitution, I. 559.
Stevenson, Jan, teacher in New Amsterdam, III. 478.
Stewart, Lispenard, senate, member committee on cities, re-
port, 1891, II. 680.
Storm, Frederic, Convention of 1894, III. 26; on pool sell-
ing, 48.
Story, Joseph, definition of Constitution, IV. 10; obligation
of contracts, 268.
Stow, Horatio J., Convention of 1846, II. 104; character of
elective franchise, 122; opinion of Third Constitution,
215-
Stranahan, Nevada N., senate, 1897, amendment limiting
municipal indebtedness. III. 680; 1899, board of super-
visors in Greater New York, 679.
Street, Alfred B., "History of the Council of Revision," I.
744-
Street Railroads, construction regulated, I. 300, 351, 408;
II. 400, 498; IV. 416, 430; Convention of 1867, II.
326; legislative power, IV. 236; pavements, 239;
speed of cars, 287; free transportation of policemen
and firemen, 287; vested rights, 331; first and second
class cities, applying procedure, 415 ; Binghamton, con-
firming contracts, 429; imposing other conditions, 431 ;
amendment of 1874 not retroactive, 431, 672; includes
underground road, 432; changing motive power, 432.
Streets. See Highways.
Strong, Enoch, Convention of 1846, II. 105 ; on negro suf-
frage, 120; jurisdiction of justices' courts, 162; cor-
porations, 187 ; board of supervisors, III. 624.
Strong, Henry W., secretary of Convention of 1846, II. 106;
attests Constitution, I. 280; III. 675.
^nerat Index.
525
rong, Selah B., supreme court, opinion, assembly appor-
tionment, provision directory, IV. 353; removal of
militia officer, 769.
rong, William, United States Supreme Court, opinion,
privileges, and immunities, IV. 291.
uyvesant, Peter, director general, 1646-1664 ; commission,
I. 12, 417; III. 478; powers, I. 13; nine men, charter
and powers, 417, 456; convention meets in New Am-
sterdam, 418, 419; remonstrance by, 419; director's re-
ply, 420; another convention called, 421; municipal
court established, 456; III. 611; procedure, I. 457;
jurisdiction, 457; abolished, 460 ; plan for a school. III.
478; militia, 585; council administers government in
his absence, IV. 485 ; surrenders colony to England, I.
22, 458; Articles of Capitulation, 22.
iffolk County, erected. III. 139; mentioned, I. 42; under
British dominion during Revolution, 45 ; apportionment
of 1702, III. 141; see Tables of Senate and Assembly
Apportionments, 150, 168; local law, IV. 395.
ifFrage. See also Negro Suffrage. Extension, I. 56;
soldier vote, I. 57, 58, 295, 311, 331 ; II. 218, 235, 239,
479, 660; IV. 179; Charter of Liberties, I. 97; right
protected, I. 159; qualifications of voters, I. 170, 198,
222, 232, 295, 331, 453, 640, 735; II. 296, 398; III.
74, 682; IV. 179, 774; exclusion from right of, I. 199,
233. 331 ; IV. 191 ; registration of voters, I. 199, 233,
333; II. 296, 304, 398, 482; III. 91; IV. 195; how
affected by certain occupations and conditions, I. 233,
332; II. 118, 29s, 303; III. 85; IV. 192; elections,
how conducted, I. 169, 199, 233, 333; III. 108; IV.
196; bipartisan boards, I. 333; III. 114; IV. 197; un-
der Duke's laws, I. 424; first constitutional Conven-
tion, 514; amendments proposed, 615; Convention of
1821, 640, 666; restricting colored vote, I. 652; II.
314; amendment of 1826, I. 222; II. 3; general article,
II. loi ; Governor Seward's comments on, loi ; pro-
posed constitutional amendments, 102; Convention of
526 Constitutional History of New York.
1846, 118; educational qualifications, 118, 125, 232, 304,
479; III. 79; probation for naturalized voters, II. 123,
232, 303; voter's term of residence, 125, 479; various
amendments proposed, 231 ; woman suffrage, 231, 305,
478, 660; III. 80, 581, 682; IV 185; negro suffrage
amendment submitted and rejected, i860, II. 232; Con-
vention of 1867, general note, 294 ; residence, 295, 301 ;
IV. 183.
The Church amendment, II. 300, 398, 478, 480; IV.
185, 774; disqualified voters, I. 199, 233, 297, 332; II.
303, 398, 482; III. 80; woman suffrage, general note,
II. 305; color line, 314, 398, 419; effect of Civil War,
314; discrimination abolished, 316; aliens, right of
suffrage proposed, 464 ; Commission of 1872, 477 ; com-
pulsory voting, 478; III. 74, 102, 131; residence of
clergymen, II. 659; minority representation in city
boards, 660 ; restriction proposed in municipal elections,
672, 679.
Convention of 1894, III. 74; uniform national suf-
frage, 75; ballot machines, note on, 108; election ex-
penses, 133, 134.
Legislature cannot add other tests, IV. 36, 182;
scope of section, 180; legislative control, 182; resi-
dence, 183; election district, 184; minority representa-
tion, 184; women excluded, 185, 752; voting residence,
192; privileges and immunities, 292.
Sullivan, Thomas A., claims seat in Convention of 1894, III.
28, 666 ; admitted. III. 28 ; proposes to create office of
superintendent of corporations, 335.
Sullivan, William, Convention of 1894, III. 26; committee
on apportionment, 206 ; remarks on apportionment, 224 ;
religious instruction in schools, 579.
Sullivan County, erected. III. 174; assembly representation,
157; see Tables of Senate and Assembly Apportion-
ments, 150, 168; local law, IV. 395.
Sulzer, William, assembly, 1892, introduces convention bill,
III. 22.
General Index. 527
Summary Proceedings, trial by jury, IV. 53; against cer-
tain trespassers, iii.
Summons, notes on, IV. 98; substituted service, 296.
Sunday, under Duke's laws, I. 423; First Constitution
adopted on, 558; legislature may regulate observance
of, IV. 5, 61, 67, 278, 308; violations, trial by jury, 53 ;
equal protection of the laws, 226; police power, 289;
local law, 385.
Superintendent of Banks, proposition to appoint, III. 313 ;
proposed abolition of, 334.
Superintendent of Common Schools, office created. III. 508 ;
abolished, powers transferred to secretary of state, 508 ;
office of superintendent of public instruction created,
545.
Superintendent of Corporations, proposed office of. III. 335.
Superintendent of Education, proposed, II. 361.
Superintendent of Insurance, proposition to appoint. III.
313; proposed abolition of, 334.
Superintendent of the Poor, Convention of 1846, II. 208;
how chosen, IV. 757; appointment to fill vacancyt 763'
Superintendent of Public Buildings, proposed election of,
HI. 313.
Superintendent of Public Instruction, proposition to appoint,
III. 313; office created, 545, IV. 710; ex officio regent,
III. 546; ex officio trustee of Cornell University, III.
548; office abolished, IV. 716.
Superintendent of Public Works, created, I. 58, 312, 360;
n. 575. 595; IV. 509; Convention of 1846, II. 137;
Convention of 1867, II. 356, 401, 535 ; Commission of
1872, 535 ; amendment of 1876, 575, 595 ; proposition
to appoint. III. 313; election of, proposed, 313; office
of canal commissioner abolished, 313; extension of
powers, 334; civil service, IV. 511, 516; no power to
create debt exceeding appropriation, 649; railroads on
canal lands, 666.
Superintendent of State Prisons, office created, I. 58, 313,
361; II. 575, 583; III. 248; IV. 512; Convention of
528 Constitutional History of New York.
1846, II. 137; Convention of 1867, 375; Commission
of 1872, 532 ; amendment of 1876, 575, 583 ; proposi-
tion to appoint, III. 313; office of inspector abolished,
313; application of civil service law, IV. 512.
Supervisors. See also Board of Supervisors. How chosen,
I. 180, 536; clerks, 180; appointed to fill vacancy, IV.
763-
Supreme Court (colony and state). See Court, Supreme.
Supreme Court (United States), established, I. 145; judges,
tenure of office, compensation, 145 ; jurisdiction, 146.
Surrogate, election, powers and duties, I. 254, 290, 373 ; IV.
615; special, I. 256, 291, 374; 111.369,373; IV. 617;
who eligible, I. 376; IV. 631; office established, II.
161 ; not to practise in certain counties, I. 376; II. 716;
III. 370; IV. 631; age limit provision applies to, IV.
598; separate, provision not applicable to New York,
617; commissioner as substitute for, 753; election to
fill vacancy, 763.
Surrogate's Court. See Court, Surrogates.
Surveyor General. See also State Engineer and Surveyor.
Appointed by legislature, term, I. 203, 671, 672; re-
moval, 673 ; colonial office, II. 532 ; historical note, 532 ;
title changed to state engineer and surveyor, 532.
Susquehanna River, proposed connection with Erie canal,
II. 49-
Sutherland, Jacob, Convention of 1821, I. 632; member of
judiciary committee, 677.
1822, elected to senate, declines to take office, IV. 359 ;
appointed justice of supreme court under Second Con-
stitution, I. 676; IV. 359; opinion, competency of wit-
nesses, religious belief, 59 ; ex post facto law, 234.
1837, member of commission to revise judicial sys-
tem, II. 67.
Sutherland, Josiah, supreme court, opinion, compensation of
supreme court justices, IV. .596.
eral Index.
529
Lckhamer, Conrad, Convention of 1846, II. 104; on
qualifications of voters, 123 ; motion amending state aid
proposition, 180.
irtwout, John, canal memorial, 181 5, I. 706.
;den (town of), local law, IV. 402.
tester, Francis, Convention of 1821, I. 630; member of
judiciary committee, 677.
acuse, incorporated, IV. 619; proposed canal to Port
Watson; II. 49; lateral canal south to Erie, 55; wom-
an may be school commissioner in, 310; second class
city charter, 571 ; milk ordinance in, IV. 96 ; local law,
396, 400 ; municipal court, applying Code of Civil Pro-
cedure, 414, 625; water from canal feeder, 438, 665;
civil service, clerk of police court, 519, 523; water
bonds, 688; delegates to educational convention, 693;
municipal court judges, appointment by governor, 752;
special audit of claims against, 756.
acuse & Utica Railroad Company, petition for repeal of
act allowing damages for injuries causing death. III.
6a
>le of Assembly Electors, III. 153.
)le of Colonial Assembly Apportionments, III, 150.
>le of Representative Population, Second and Third Con-
stitutions, III. 162.
)le of Senate Apportionments, III. 168-190.
)le of Senate Electors under First Constitution, III. 170.
jle of State Assembly Apportionments, First, Second,
and Third Constitutions, III. 165.
Tgart, Moses, Convention of 1846, IT. 104; on clergj^-
men's right to hold office, in ; proposes increase of as-
sembly, 129; on religious toleration, competency of wit-
ness, IV. 60.
Vol. V. Const. Hist. 34.
530 Constitutional History of New York.
Tallmadge, James, Convention of 1821, I. 630; remarks on
negro suffrage, 663; proposes executive council, 749;
on election of state prison inspectors, II. 139; comple-
tion of Erie canal, 171; religious toleration, IV. 58;
vote requisite for impeachment, 600; lieutenant gov-
ernor, opening of Erie canal, I. 713.
Tappan, Abraham B., Convention of 1867, II. 244; minor-
ity report on canals, 356.
Tariff, discrimination in rates prohibited, Tryon's instruc-
tions, III. 722.
Taxation, for canals, I. 58, 322; II. 173, 576, 648; special ex-
emptions, I. 60, 408 ; III. 305, 680 ; IV. 416, 430 ; tax
law, requisites of, I. 266, 301, 352; IV. 441 ; regulated,
I. 741 ; direct tax suspended, II. 56, 79 ; resumed, 56,
58, 75, 84; Governor Marcy's observations on, 74, 75;
not favored for internal improvements, 80; of colored
nonvoters prohibited, I. 198, 664; II. 123; Convention of
1846, II. 182; local assessments Mr. Murphy's plan 199;
for free schools, 205; Convention of 1867, 359; plan
adopted, 361, 405; separate amendment submitted and
rejected, 419; IV. 308; receipts from indirect sources,
II. 664 ; lotteries as indirect sources of revenue, III. 40,
45; pool tax, 47; colonial policy, 146; proposed
amendment, local assessments, 303; uniformity, 305,
306; state lands in forest preserve, 416, 428; for
schools in colony, 480; home rule, 626; direct, pro-
posed abolition of, 683.
Notes relating to, IV. 98; notice of assessment, 107,
319; transfer tax, ill, 313, 321, 328, 443; property
may be taken by, 112, 123; Indian lands, 173, 316; in-
terstate commerce, franchise tax, 209, 316; tonnage tax,
interstate commerce, 210; foreign corporations, 212,
314,443; tax on savings banks, 227; presumptions,
229; reserved rents, 233; tax on insurance premiums,
95, 117, 247, 428; repealing exemption law, 262, 674;
exemptions, military service, 264, 327; special fran-
chise tax, 264, 314, 734, 755; claims for reimburse-
General Index. 531
ment, 273 ; general note, 308 ; legislative power unlimit-
ed, 309; tax defined, 310; action to collect tax, 310; ap-
portionment, 310; uniformity as to persons, 310; exemp-
tion of corporation, 312; discrimination, 312; double,
313 ; drafted men, 314 ; franchise tax, 314 ; imports, 315 ;
indirect, 316; license, place of amusement, 316; limited
district, 316; moral obligation, 318, 319; municipal cor-
porations, 318; nonresident, 319; private purpose, 320;
public property, 320; railroad aid, 320; redemption,
320; release, 320; state property, 321; United States
bonds, 322; validation, 323; tax sale and deed, vested
right, 332 ; exemptions from fees on tax sales, 424 ; ob-
ject of tax, 441 ; militia, commutation tax, 444; effect
of article 7, section 4, 651 ; annual tax under bonding
provisions, 651; of canal lands, invalid, 665; in cities
and villages, 770 ; restricting municipal taxes, 770, 773 ;
remission of tax, 775.
Tax Commission, proposed, II. 360.
Taxes, United States, how apportioned, I. 133 ; importation
of slaves, 140; direct, how regulated, 140.
Tayler, John, lieutenant governor, becomes governor, IV.
477-
Taylor, William, Convention of 1846, II. 105 ; on senate dis-
tricts, 127.
Taylor, William B., state park commission, 1872, III. 394.
Tekulsky, Morris, Convention of 1894, III. 26; on pool-
selling and horse racing, 48; damages for injuries caus-
ing death, 60 ; city administration, 303 ; places of
amusement, 306 ; city laws and administration, 632.
Temporary President of Senate. See President of the
Senate.
Ten Broeck, Abraham, offers patriotic resolution in last colo-
nial assembly, I. 473.
Convention of 1776-7, I. 484; president of conven-
tion not present when Constitution adopted, I. 556 ; ap-
pointed first judge of Albany, 564; signs ordinance,
571-
532 Constitutional History of New York.
Tennant, Albert C, Judiciary Commission of 1890, II. 685 ;
propositions relating to court of appeals, 689.
Tenure of Estates, character of, changed by state, II. 14;
Governor Seward's remarks on Van Rensselaer tenures,
II. 17.
Territory, United States, power of Congress, I. 148.
Terwilliger, James, senate clerk, testimony as to contents of
governor's message. Smith case, IV. 582.
Test Oath, in colony, I. 452 ; Judge Daniels on, IV. 789.
Thayer, Adin, canal commissioner, report on laterals, II.
546.
Third Class Cities, uniform charter, II. 571.
Thirty-Day Period, governor's consideration of bills, I. 305,
358; II. 518; IV. 493, 785; historical note, II. 331;
IV. 505; Mr. Wheaton's amendment, II. 333; bills
signed after adjournment of legislature, 334; their va-
lidity sustained, 335 ; practice under Federal Constitu-
tion, 336; Governor Fenton suggests thirty-day period,
338; established by Commission of 1872, 338, 518.
Thomas, John, in last colonial assembly, I. 475.
Thompson, Smith, Convention of 1801, justice of supreme
court, state and Federal, I. 610; supreme court, opin-
ion, statute of limitations, IV. 243.
Thomson, Richard, translation of Magna Charta, I. 66.
Three-Fifth Bills, defined, I. 266, 301, 353; IV. 444; pro-
posed abrogation of provision, II. 233; notes on, IV.
444-
Throop, Enos T., lieutenant governor, becomes governor,
IV. 479; effect of aid to Delaware & Hudson Canal
Company, II. 94; on railroad competition, 621; con-
dition of state prisons, III. 256.
Tibbetts, Frank E., Convention of 1894, III. 28 ; on woman
suffrage, 83 ; apportionment, 230 ; civil service, prefer-
ence of veterans, 331 ; sheriff's eligibility, 581.
Tilden, Samuel J., member of assembly from Columbia coun-
ty, 1846, II. 22 ; chairman of select committee on lease-
hold tenures, 23; prepares report, 23.
General Index. 533
Convention of 1846, II. 105 ; on number of senators,
127; governor's eligibility to other office, 135; member
of committee on canals, 166; motion for select com-
mittee on corporation article, 191 ; chairman of commit-
tee, 191 ; minority report, 191 ; on submission of Con-
stitution, 408.
Chosen governor, II, 512; canals, 544; recommends
special commission on lateral canals, 545; on prison
management, 584; III. 275; superintendent of public
works, II, 595 ; transportation facilities, 624 ; effect of
reducing canal tolls, 632; canals should not be sold,
652 ; on municipal reform, 668, 677 ; on "dispersion of
power," III. 318.
Tioga Coal and Iron Mining and Manufacturing Company,
state aid to, II. 99.
Tioga County, erected. III. 171 ; see Tables of Senate and
Assembly Apportionments, 150, i68.
Titles of Nobility, United States, when prohibited, I. 141.
Titus, William Q., Convention of 1894, III. 27; method of
voting, 114; court of criminal appeals, 374.
Tompkins, Daniel D., Convention of 1801, 1. 609, 610.
Governor, on interior communications, I. 701, 703,
706; protests against increase of banks, II. 32; refor-
mation of criminals. III. 250; recommends system of
public education, 507; inculcation of morality and re-
ligion, 566; service as governor, II, 516; IV. 463; re-
signs to become vice president, IV. 477.
President, Convention of 1821, I. 632; remarks on
suffrage, 650; proposes to except impeachments from
pardoning power, 669 ; on supreme court plan, 682 ; re-
marks on council of revision, 745 ; on religious tolera-
tion, IV. 57 ; address on closing convention, I. 752 ; at-
tests Constitution, I. 221 ; III. 675.
Tompkins County, erected. III. 175 ; see Tables of Senate
and Assembly Apportionments, 150, 168.
Tonawanda Railroad Company, state aid to, II. 99.
Tort, remedy on, IV. 303.
534 Constitutiottal History of New York.
Torture, abolished, III. 247.
Town Clerks, how chosen, I. 180, 536.
Towns, Mirabeau L., Convention of 1894, III. 26; on ap-
portionment, 210; influence of higher education, 559;
education in charitable institutions, 578; cities, single
headed boards and departments, 643.
Towns, under Duke's laws, I. 424 ; local courts, 461 ; or-
ganization and powers of, II. 203 ; officers of, 348 ; III.
306 ; regulating internal affairs of, II. 497 ; III. 622 ;
township government. III. 537; home rule, III. 612,
617,622; railroad aid, IV. 214; meetings, 224; reim-
bursement of collector for taxes collected and lost, 249,
686; compelling payment of claim against, 250, 310;
legislative power, 255; validating acts of, 299; new,
355 ; justice of the peace, 619.
Townsend, Martin I., Convention of 1867, II. 244; opposes
large senate districts, 318; opposes appointment of at-
torney general, 345 ; on taxation, 360 ; bribery, 381 ;
salt springs, 384; opposes charities article, 395; III.
462 ; Convention's power to fix time of submission, II.
410; new Constitution "doomed to defeat," 420.
Judiciary Commission of 1890, II. 684; on election of
general term justices, 697; gifts to judges, 717.
Townsend, Solomon, Convention of 1846, II. 105 ; on home-
stead exemption, 114.
Convention of 1867, II. 244 ; on local city courts, 278 ;
proposes official pensions, 293; protection of contract
remedies, 293 ; damages caused by mobs, 294 ; appor-
tionment of state tax, 360; minority report on Indian
lands, 389 ; compulsory voting. III. 132.
Tracy, Benjamin F., service in court of appeals, II. 262.
Tracy, Cornelius L., Commission of 1872, II. 470; veto of
separate items in appropriation bills, 519.
Tracy, John, Convention of 1846, II. 104; chosen president,
106; attests Constitution, I. 280; III. 675.
Trading Stamps, use of, restrictions invalid, IV. 279.
Trapper, Herman F., Convention of 1894, III. 28: seat con-
tested, 666.
General Index. 535
Treason, definition, I. 146; punishment, 147; first consti-
tutional convention, 488; Commission of 1872, II.
474-
Treaty, United States, Articles of Confederation, I. 119;
Constitution, 144; jurisdiction of supreme court, 146;
supreme law, 149, IV. 28.
Treaty of Peace (Revolution), provisional and definitive, I.
49; IV. 162.
Treaty of Westminster, transferred New York from Dutch
to English rule, I. 425.
Tremain, Lyman, attorney general, opinion as to residence
of assembly candidates, II. 131.
Trial by Jury, Charter of Liberties, I. loi ; in Federal
courts, 146; preserved, United States Constitution, 154,
733; First Constitution, 187, 547; Second Constitu-
tion, 212, 734; Third Constitution, 266; Fourth Con-
stitution, 325, 737; IV. 38; Convention of 1846, II.
no; Convention of 1867, 290, 397; unanimity, I. 547;
II. 474; III. 67, 690; Commission of 1872, II. 474;
Convention of 1894, III. 67; additional jurors, 690.
7th Amendment, United States, IV. 27; none in
court-martial, 31.
General note, IV. 38 ; apprentice, 42 ; assault and bat-
tery, 42; challenge, 42; contempt, 43; corporations,
43; counter-claim, 43; court-martial, 44; court cannot
withdraw case from jury, 44; damages, 44; decedents'
estates, 44 ; disorderly persons, 44 ; divorce, 45 ; eminent
domain, 45 ; equity, 45 ; equity actions, 45 ; evidence, 46 ;
excise, 46 ; ex parte proceedings, 47 ; habitual criminals,
47; impartial jury, 47; Indian lands, 47; intoxication,
48; justices' courts, 48; liens, 48; misdemeanors, 49;
new offense, 50; New York charter, 50; nuisance, 50;
penalties, 50; pleading, 51; procedure, 51; public
health, 51; recognizance, 51 ; referee, 51; special pro-
ceedings 52; special sessions, 52; defined, 52; sum-
mary proceedings, 53; Sunday law, 53; venue, 53;
53^ Constitutional History of New York.
village ordinance, 53; waiver, 53; increasing jurisdic-
tion of courts, 241.
Trials. See State Trials and Investigations.
Tribunals of Conciliation, authorized, I. 258; established in
6th district, II. 164; abolished, 164.
Troy, incorporated. III. 614; second class city charter, II.
571; inspectors of election in. III. 116, 123; industrial
interests affected by prison labor competition, 290; re-
corder, chamber powers of supreme court, IV. 242;
local law, 409.
Troy & Greenbush Railroad Company, required to pay canal
tolls, II. 614.
Truax, Charles H., Convention of 1894, III. 27; on lotteries,
48 ; damages for injuries causing death, 63 ; member of
judiciary committee, 337; prohibiting sectarian aid, 553;
constitutional convention, when question to be submit-
ted, 660; powers of convention, 669; when constitu-
tion to take effect, 671.
Trusts, notes on, IV. 99 ; corporate powers, 214 ; obligation
of contracts, 274; jurisdiction of supreme court, 534;
trustee, surrogate's court may accept resignation of,
617.
Tryon, William, appointed governor, I. 34, 35, 43 ; III. 696 ;
commission cited, 36; text of. III. 696-710; previously
governor of North Carolina, I. 36; report on colonial
affairs, 37; IV. 9, 159, 175; question as to dissolution
of assembly, I. 44; letter to Lord Germain, 44; pow-
ers practically suspended at beginning of Revolution,
45; people in New York and vicinity take oath of al-
legiance to Crown, 45 ; people revoke authority of dele-
gates, 46; instructions, religious toleration, 542; sug-
gestions as to canals, 1774, 692; instructions as to lot-
teries, III. 34 ; Westchester borough, representation in
assembly, 143 ; on colonial legislature, 147 ; schoolmas-
ter's license, 482, 485 ; letter from Lieutenant Governor
Colden, 498; on militia, 590; Indian lands, IV. 159;
common law in colony, 175; instructions, local laws,
General Index.
537
377,410,417; official titles, 455 ; succession in case of
absence, 462 ; description of council, 483 ; judge not to
sit in review of his own decision, 540; to appoint ju-
dicial officers, III. 703; ecclesiastical appointments,
704; naval discipline, 705.
Tryon County, mentioned, I. 42; representation in assem-
bly, 1774, III. 148; western senate district, 168;
changed to Montgomery, 168 ; see Tables of Senate and
Assembly Apportionments, 150, 168.
Tucker, Gideon J., Convention of 1867, II. 244.
Convention of 1894, III. 27; on damages for inju-
ries causing death, 60 ; preference of employees of cor-
porations, 71 ; pardons and abolition of capital punish-
ment; imprisonment for debt; property qualifications;
speedy examination of accused; corporal punishment,
72, 73; suffrage, minority report on educational quali-
fications, 80; woman suffrage, 83; on initiative and
referendum, 300; pardons, limiting governor's power,
310 ; election of referees, 374 ; court of arbitration, 374 ;
prohibiting interest bearing state debts, 391 ; exemption
from military service, 602; new article on cities, 629;
on constitutional convention, when question to be sub-
mitted, 660 ; constitutional convention, how constituted,
662.
Turner, William^ Convention of 1894, III. 28; on organiza-
tion and classification of cities, 630.
Tweed, William M., senate, 1870, resolution rescinding rati-
fication of 15th Amendment, I. 161 ; 1871, presents peti-
tion for free canals, II. 632.
Twelve Men, selection and powers, I. 415; proposed re-
forms, 415 ; Kieft prohibits further meetings of, 416.
Twice in Jeopardy, United States Constitution, 5th Amend-
ment, I. 154, 733; state Constitutions, 214, 227, 327,
734. 738 ; IV. 68 ; notes on, IV. 74 ; competent court,
74; concurrent jurisdiction of Federal courts, 74; cor-
recting judgment, 74 ; discharge of jury, 75 ; new trial.
538 Constitutional History of New York.
76; revoking commutation, '^y; solitary confinement,
yy; trial necessary, yy; variance, 78.
Two-Thirds Bills, defined, I. 215, 229, 351; IV. 435; cor-
porations, I. 215; II. 114, 196; Convention of 1894,
III. 303 ; notes on, IV. 436.
u
Ulshoeffer, Michael, assembly, 1820, bill for constitutional
convention, I. 623; bill vetoed, 624; presents commit-
tee's report on veto, 626.
Ulster County, erected, III. 139; mentioned, I. 42; lottery
for courthouse and jails. III. 36; apportionment of
1702, 141; representation in assembly, 1774, 148; see
Tables of Senate and Assembly Apportionments, 150,
168.
Unification (Education), note on. III. 532; IV. 709; com-
mission appointed, 1899, IV. 713; report of, proposed
bill, 714; legislative joint committee of 1903, 716; act
of 1904, 716.
Union College, lottery for, III. 37; chartered, 497.
Union Free Schools, established, III. 543 ; home rule, 623 ;
alteration of district, IV. 214; supervision of, -711.
United States Deposit Fund, preserved, I. 269, 388; IV.
718; use of, II. 204; income appropriated. III. 518;
loan commissioner, proposed abolition of. III. 582.
University of the State of New York. See also Regents.
Incorporated, II. 61 ; III. 494 ; corporation continued, I.
388 ; IV. 709 ; proposed abolition of, II. 362, 368 ; IV.
711; general note, III. 492; reorganization of, 495;
supervision of schools, 505; IV. 710, 717; institutions
in, 1821, III. 509; state library, 523; statistics, 1846,
524; union free schools, 543; IV. 711; powers en-
larged, III. 548 ; institutions at close of third constitu-
General Index. c^q
tional period, 549; Convention of 1894, III. 551, 557;
IV. 712 ; sectarian aid prohibited, III. 560.
Note on unification act of 1904, IV. 709, 716; Con-
vocation of 1899, 713 ; unification commission appoint-
ed, 713; report of, proposed bill, 714; legislative joint
committee, 1903, 716; board of regents reorganized,
716.
Unreasonable Searches and Seizures, prohibited, United
States, I. 153, 733, 739; Convention of 1867, II. 398;
provision construed, IV. 29.
Utica, incorporated. III. 617; local law, IV. 391.
Utica, Ithaca, & Elmira Railroad Company, private law, IV.
390.
Utica & Schenectady Railroad Company, required to par
canal tolls, II. 614.
Utica Water Works Company, private or local law, IV. 388.
Vaccination, state's power to require, IV. 36, 707; compul-
sory isolation, in.
Van Buren, John D., Commission of 1872, II. 470; what
constitutes treason, 474; members of legislature not to
receive civil appointments, 491 ; disqualifications of
members of legislature, 492 ; revision commission, 506 ;
extraordinary sessions, 512; governor's message, 514;
appointment of district attorney, 562; city board of
audit, 568.
Van Buren, Martin, Convention of 1821, I. 633; resident of
Columbia county, chosen delegate from Otsego, II. 132 ;
remarks on suffrage, I. 651 ; supports property qualifi-
cations of negroes, 665; on judiciary committee's re-
port, 681 ; proposes circuits and vice chancellors, 681 ;
council of appointment, 749; on method of selecting
state officers, 527; registration, III. 92.
540 Constitutional History of New York.
Governor, on renewal of bank charters, II. 33 ; favors
state aid for internal improvements, 94; resigns to be-
come secretary of state, IV. 477, 479.
Van Campen, George, Convention of 1867, II. 246; on resi-
dence of voters, 303; tax exemptions, 360; railroad
consolidation, 373; report on Indians, 389.
Van Cortlandt, Pierre, in last colonial assembly, I. 474 ; Con-
vention of 1776-7, 486 ; vice president first constitution-
al convention, 557; first president of senate, 562, 574;
president, council of safety, 571 ; administers oath to
Governor Clinton, 573; first lieutenant governor, 474;
IV. 463.
Van Cott, Joshua M., Convention of 1867, II. 243 ; member
of judiciary committee, 248; speech on judicial tenure,
256; on executive consideration of bills, 338; legisla-
ture's authority over convention, 408; member of Til-
den Cities Commission, 1875, 669.
Van Ingen, James, secretary Convention of 1801, 1. 191 ; at-
tests amendments, I. 191 ; III. 675.
Vann, Irving G., judge of court of appeals, II. 262; opin-
ion, special franchise tax, IV. 734.
Van Ness, William W., impeachment proceedings against,
IV. 556, 607 ; justice of supreme court, delegate to Con-
vention of 1821, I. 633, 676; remarks on suffrage, 651 ;
council of revision, 744; IV. 555; death of, I. 676,
687.
Van Rensselaer, Jacob R., Convention of 1821, 1. 630; com-
mon school fund, III. 510.
Van Rensselaer, Kiliaen, acquires extensive colonial lands,
II. 10; effect of his land policy, 10; establishes a
colony, 13; conditions in leases, 13; title confirmed, 15;
purchase of Indian lands, IV. 154.
Van Rensselaer, Stephen, member of canal commission,
1810, 1. 702; Commission of 181 1, 704; Commission of
1816, 707; assumes management of Rensselaerw^yck
manor, II. 16; initiates new form of lease, 16; death of,
17-
General Index. 1541
Van Schoonhoven, William H., Convention of 1846, II. 105 ;
on feudal tenures, 116.
Van Vechten, Abraham, Convention of 1821, I. 630; re-
marks on judiciary plan, 682; limiting power of im-
peachment, IV. 601.
Vassar College, property limitations of, II. 373.
Vattel, Emer de, cited, IV. 167.
Vedder, Commodore P., senate, 1891, apportionment, II.
578.
Convention of 1894, III. 26; apportionment, 207,
225; on temporary president, 231; consideration and
passage of bills, 236, 237, 239, 240, 242 ; when speaker
may act as governor, 309; IV. 491 ; opinion of judici-
ary article, minority representation in court of appeals,
III. 339, 348; court of impeachments, when lieutenant
governor not to sit in, 341 ; judicial districts, 353 ; ju-
dicial age limit, 368 ; education in charitable institutions,
578.
Veeder, William D., Convention of 1867, II. 244 ; on impris-
onment of witnesses, 294; method of choosing district
attorney, 350.
Convention of 1894, III. 26; minority report, dam-
ages for injuries causing death, 61 ; apportionment,
power of court of appeals, 211 ; county judge and sur-
rogate not to practise, 371 ; bonds for canal debts, 384 ;
consolidation of cities and villages, 629 ; minority repre-
sentation in city legislative bodies, 643; constitutional
convention, when question to be submitted, 660; con-
stitutional convention, how constituted, 662.
Venue, local law, I. 300, 350, 408; II. 497; IV. 415, 421;
trial by jury, IV. 53; crimes, 217; legislative regula-
tion of, 29s; supreme court, power to change, 533.
Verhulst, William, director in New Netherland, I. 413.
Verplanck, Isaac B., Convention of 1867, II. 246; on ha-
,beas corpus, 289; rights of accused, 291; limiting in-
troduction of bills, 325; number of national guard,
379; on convention's work, 421.
542 Constitutional History of New York.
Verplanck, Philip, member of assembly from Cortlandt
manor, III. 142.
Vested Rights, notes on, IV. 324; actions, 324; adverse
possession, 325; appeal, 325; contracts, 325; corpora-
tions, 325; damages, 326; declaratory laws, 326; di-
vorce, 327; evidence, 327; execution, 327; exemptions,
327; extra allowance, 327; highways, 328; inheritance
tax, 328; judgments, 328; labor law, 328; married wo-
men, 328 ; municipal corporations, 329 ; New York, 330 ;
officers, 330; pardons, 331 ; penalties, 331 ; pension, 331 ;
railroads, 331; tax deed, 332; tax sale, 332.
Veto, by colonial governor, I. 28, 33, 38, 430; IV. 177; by
the Crown, I. 28, 33, 38 ; III. 701 ; First Constitution,
council of revision, I. 167, 555 ; by governor, 196, 244,
304, 357, 639; II. 339, 518; IV. 493; items in appro-
priation bills, I. 305, 358; II. 519; IV. 505; general
note, II. 339 ; IV. 494 ; vetoing distinct parts of bills,
II- 339; 519; III- 245 ; IV. 305 ; suggestions as to pow-
er to veto parts of bills, II. 342 ; III. 245 ; Commission
of 1872, II. 518; direct and indirect, IV. 502.
Vice President, United States, election and term, I. 142;
succession to presidency, 143; how chosen, 155; re-
moval, 145.
Villages, incorporation of, I. 268, 393 ; IV. 770 ; by special
law prohibited, I. 300, 350, 408; II. 497; IV. 415,
421; Convention of 1846, II. 198; various plans pro-
posed, 199; plan of organization adopted, 203; con-
struction of railroads in, 323 ; Convention of 1894, III.
605; beginning of organized government, 614, 622;
violation of ordinance, trial by jury, IV. 53; water
rents, iii; tax questions, qualifications of voters, 186;
legislature may prescribe powers of, 190; legislative
power, 223; certificate of incorporation, when conclu-
sive 231; peddler's license, 254; enlarging boundaries,
three-fifths bills, 444; police justices, 628; legislature
cannot appoint trustees, 750; charter may be repealed,
773-
General Index. 543
Vin^ar, acts relating to, IV. 100, 112, 278.
Virginia, charter, I. 17 ; movement for Federal Constitution,
131 ; First Constitution, 503.
Vocation. See also Business. Rights relating to, IV. 36,
85 ; horseshoers, 283.
Voters, oath of allegiance, I. 171, 515. See Suffrage.
Voting Machines, note on. III, 108, 114.
w
Wade, Benjamin F., senate. United States, 1862, bill donat-
ing public lands for educational purposes, II. 365.
Wages. See Labor.
Wakeman, Seth, Convention of 1867, II. 245; plan for
court of appeals, 250.
Waldo, Artemas B., Commission of 1872, II. 470 ; on major-
ity verdicts, 474; member of lateral canal commission,
1876, 547.
Wales, Gideon, Convention of 1867, II. 244 ; on drainage of
agricultural lands, 292 ; rights of aliens, 293 ; suffrage
for taxpaying women, 312.
Wallabocht Canal Company, authorized to construct canal,
II. 52.
Wallabout Canal Company, authorized to construct canal, II.
53-
Walworth, Reuben H., chancellor, opinion, county clerk,
note on, I. 206 ; lieutenant governor's status in court of
errors, 209 ; competency of witness, religious belief, IV.
59 ; legislative power evidence, 229 ; police power, 276.
Wappingers Falls, police justice in, IV. 757.
Ward, apportionment, division of, IV. 355.
Ward, Hamilton, Judiciary Commission of 1890, II. 685 ; on
court of appeals, 688.
Warehouseman, act of 1895, regulating action against, IV.
112.
544 Constitutional History of New York.
Warren County, erected, III. 174; assembly representation
in, 157; see Tables of Senate and Assembly Apportion-
ments, 150, 168.
Washington, George, enters New York city after Revolu-
tion, I. 50; president Federal constitutional conven-
tion, 132; tour of the Mohawk valley, suggestions as to
canals, 1783, 693; relics, commission to appraise, IV.
552.
Washington County, erected, III. 168; assembly represen-
tation in. III, 157; see Tables of Senate and Assembly
Apportionments, 150, 168.
Washington, District of Columbia, lottery for public im-
provements, III. 42.
Waterbury, David S., Convention of 1846, II. 104 ; on negro
suffrage, 122, 123.
Water District, public purpose, IV. 699.
Waterloo, local law, IV. 397.
Water Supply, eminent domain, IV. 133 ; franchise not ex-
clusive, 261 ; public purpose, 699.
Watertown, incorporated. III. 619 ; local law, IV. 390, 407.
Watkins (village), cannot pay expenses of visitors, IV. 694.
Watson, Elkanah, suggestions concerning canals, 1788, I.
696.
Wayne County, erected. III. 177; see Tables of Senate and
Assembly Apportionments, 150, 168.
Webb, De Witt, assembly, 1876, resolution proposing
amendment establishing free schools, prohibiting reli-
gious instruction therein, and prohibiting sectarian aid,
II. 660.
Webster, Daniel, on age of judges, II. 262.
Weed, Smith M., Convention of 1867, II. 244; on habeas
corpus, 289; sale of rsulroad franchise, 326; adjourn-
ment of convention, 407 ; senate reorganization, 487.
Weights and Measures, to be uniform. Magna Charta, I.
85 ; Convention of 1867, II. 383.
Werner, William E., iudge of court of appeals, II. 262.
General Index. 545
West Branch, proposed connection with Erie or Champlain
canals, II. 51.
Westbrook, Theodoric R., supreme court, opinion, accused
has right to counsel before indictment, IV. 74.
Westchester Borough, erected. III. 142; representation in
assembly, 142, 148.
Westchester County, erected. III. 139; mentioned, I. 42;
annexation act of 1895, II. 490; apportionment of 1702,
III. 141; representation in assembly, 1774, 148; see
Tables of Senate and Assembly Apportionments, 150,
168; highways in, damages, IV. 116; special election
in, 224; jury act, 423.
Western Inland Lock Navigation Company, incorporated,
1792, I. 697; II. 61; state loan to, I. 698; completes
three short canals, 698; state aid, 697, 698; II. 92;
state invests in its stock, I. 700; legislature authorizes
canal commission to acquire company's property, 705,
708,
West Farms, local law, IV. 403, 408.
Westfield Cemetery, incorporated, II. 61.
Wharves, regulating owner's use of, IV. 124.
Wheaton, Henry, Convention of 1821, I. 634; member of
judiciary committee, 677; proposed modification of ju-
diciary plan, 687; executive consideration of bills, II.
333; on Washington lottery act, III. 42; basis of as-
sembly representation, 160; money bills, IV. 366; re-
moval of judges, 560.
Wheeler, Melancton, Convention of 1821, 1. 632 ; member of
judiciary committee, 677.
Wheeler, William A., Convention of 1867, II. 244; presi-
dent of convention, Vice President of United States,
247; closing remarks on adjournment of convention,
413; attests Constitution, 1867, 463; HI. 675; mem-
ber State Park Commission, 1872, III. 394.
White, Campbell P., Conventioh of 1846, II. 105; on dis-
position of canal revenues, 173.
Vol. V. Const. Hist. 35.
546 Constitutional History of New York.
White Plains, first convention meets at, I. 491 ; changing
grade of streets, IV. 100; local law, 391.
Whitesborough, police justice, IV. 626.
Whitesborough Aqueduct Association, incorporated, II. 61.
Whitney, Joshua, authorized to construct canal, II. 54.
Wiggins, Henry W., Convention of 1894, III. 27; munici-
pal elections, excluding political organizations, 630.
Wilberforce Philanthropic Association, incorporated, II. 62,
Wilkinson, Robert F., member of unification commission,
1899, IV. 714.
William and Mary, become sovereigns of England, I. 33, 36,
436, 723, 726 ; Declaration of Right, 72 j.
William III., act of settlement, I. 725.
Williams, Elisha, Convention of 1821, I. 630; on civil ap-
pointment of members of l^slature, IV. $56.
William^ George, Convention of 1867; II. 245 ; on submis-
sion of Constitution, 41 1.
Williams, Nathan, Convention of 1821, I. 631 ; member of
judiciary committee, 677; appointed dtcuit judge, 1833,
690.
Wills, Charter of Liberties, I. 104 ; obligation of contracts,
IV. 274; note on, 332; parties^ under disability, 333;
charities, gifts by nonresidents, 333 ; testameniary pow-
er subj.ect to legislative discretion,. 3^3, 334.
Wilson, local law, IV. 407.
Wisner, Henry, Cbnvention of i776r-7„ I. 485 ; pnoposes to
elect senators by counties, North Carolina pfan,. 521.
Witness, competency, religious befief, I. 226; IV. 58; de-
tention of, 1. 227, 326, 738; n. 114, 294; III. 73 ; rv.
6s; againsthimself.I. 227.327, 733, 734^736; 11.380;
EV. 68>, 78; in bribery cases, I. 310, 397; II. 380; not
privileged under pass provision,. I. 398 ; IV. 792.; waiv-
er, rV. 82 ; compelling attendance in another sta£e„ 112;
husband and wife,, ex post facta law, 2331; vested' rights,
3;&5;, canal commission,, contempt, 4^1; competency,
pardon, 474.
General Index. 547
Woman Suffrage, amendments proposed, II. 231, 660; III.
682 ; Convention of 1867, general note, II. 305 ; Decla-
ration of Grievances, 306; enlargement of woman's
privileges and opportunities, 307; woman sufTrage
recommended in third class cities, 311; in election of
convention delegates, 311; debate in convention of
1867, 312; results, 313; Commission of 1872, 478;
Convention of 1894, III. 5, 23, 80, 581 ; judicial deci-
sions, IV. 185.
Woodhull, Nathaniel, in last colonial assembly, I. 474;
president first constitutional convention, 484.
Woods, Francis H., Judiciary Commission of 1890, II. 684 ;
county judges and surrogates not to practise, 716.
Woodward, Nathan A., Convention of 1894, III. 28 ; on pre-
amble and Bill of Rights, 66; waiver of jury trial, 67;
right to labor, 71; organization of general term, 360;
education in charitable institutions, 470.
Woodworth, John, justice of supreme court, I. 676; reap-
pointed under Second Constitution, 676.
Worden, Alvah, Convention of 1846, II. 105; on citizen's
rights, 109; effects of feudalism, 117; on increase of
legislature, 127; proper basis of legislative representa-
tion, 128; member of judiciary committtee, 140; opposes
debt law referendum, 178; on free schools, 207; op-
poses amendment requiring statutory definition of im-
peachable offenses, IV. 602; opinion of Third Consti-
titution, II. 214 ; code commissioner, report of. III. 54 ;
remarks on codification, 56; other official service, II.
141.
World's Columbian Exposition, women as managers of, II.
310.
Wraxall's Abridgment, cited, IV. 157.
Wright, Maurice L., Judiciary Commission of 1890, II. 685 ;
on election of supreme court justices by districts, 702;
number of justices, 703 ; judges not to accept free trans-
portation, 718.
548 Constitutional History of New York.
Wright, Silas, Governor, remarks on property qualifications
of public officers, II. 7; on removal of judicial officers,
8 ; reviews agitation concerning Van Rensselaer leases,
18; recommends statute prohibiting persons from ap-
pearing in disguise, 20; suppresses antirent disturb-
ances in Delaware county, 20 ; recommends abolition of
distress for rent and taxation of reserved rents, 21 ;
recommends limitation of agricultural leases, 21 ; en-
forces law, effect on his political fortunes, 24; on ju-
dicial system, 72; limitation of state debts, 87; vetoes
canal bill of 1845, II- 9°; summary of state aid, 100;
suggestion to avoid constitutional convention, 102 ; com-
ment on popular vote for convention, 103.
Writ, in name of people, I. 181.
"Writings of Thomas Jefferson" (Ford), cited, I. 504,
Wyoming County, erected. III. 179; see Tables of Senate
and Assembly Apportionments, 150, 168.
Yates, Abraham, Convention of 1776-7, I. 484; member of
committee on plan of government, 490; chairman, 494,
497j 552; committee to organize new government, 560;
new council of safety, 582.
Yates, Joseph C, justice of supreme court, I. 676.
Elected governor, I. 676, 687; remarks on canals,
711, 712; on First and Second Constitutions, 755 ; reg-
istration, III. 95; common school lands, 510; appoints
Jacob Sutherland justice of the supreme court, IV. 359.
Yates, Robert, Convention of 1776-7, I. 484; member of
committee on plan of government, 491 ; member of com-
mittee on obstruction of Hudson river, 492; associate
judge, supreme court, 564 ; summoned before assembly
in Hadden case, 577; sustained, 578.
General Index. 549
Yates County, erected. III. 177; see Tables of Senate and
Assembly Apportionments, 150, 168.
Yellowstone National Park, established, III. 395, 408.
Yonkers, incorporated, III. 619; duplicate bonds, action on,
obligation of contracts, IV. 268.
York, Duke of, proprietor of colony, I. 17, 422; charter, 19,
37, 422, 425; powers, 20, 23, 422; appeals, 20; of-
ficers, 21 ; ordinances, 21 ; martial law, 21 ; regulation
of trade, 22 ; acquires possession of colony, 22 ; Articles
of Capitulation, 22; becomes king, 22, 434; III. 140;
form of government, I. 24 ; Code of Laws, 24, 423 ; be-
comes a Roman Catholic, 26 ; guarantees liberty of con-
science, 26; refuses demand for assembly, 27, 426;
grants demand, 28, 429: III. 137; estimated revenue
from colony, I. 31 ; Hempstede convention, 423; peti-
tion for assembly, 428; instructions to Governor Don-
gan, 429; confirms Van Rensselaer title, II. 15; ac-
quisition of Indian lands, IV. 156; gubernatorial suc-
cession, 486.
Young, Andrew H., Convention of 1846, II. 106; on negro
suffrage, II. 122.
Young, John, Governor, on antirent controversy, II. 25;
signs bills after adjournment of legislature, 334; canal
prospects, 602.
Young, Samuel, Canal Commission, 1816, 1. 707; Convention
of 1821, I. 632; remarks on negro suffrage, 662; lot-
teries, III. 43, 45; legislative organization, 159; wit-
ness, religious opinion, IV. 57; removal of judges, 560.
Young, Solomon G., Convention of 1867, II. 245 ; on politi-
cal results of large senate districts, 218.
ADDENDUM.
Amendments Approved in 1905.
The action of the legislature in submitting seven
constitutional amendments in 1905 has been noted at
the end of Chapter XIIL, Volume III., page 692, and
also in the preface to Volume IV. The latter volume
contains the text of the amendments. Volume IV.
was in type some time before the election in 1905, but,
anticipating the possible approval of the amendments,
they were given in connection with the articles or sec-
tions affected. After the printing of Volume V. had
begun, and before it was completed, the election was
held (November 7), and all the amendments were ap-
proved. The certificate of the state board of canvass-
ers, dated December 28, 1901;, shows the following vote
on the amendments :
Article 6, § i. Supreme court, additional judges
(Volume IV. page 524). For the amendment, 297,893;
against, 133.999: majority, 163,894.
Article 6, § 2. Appellate division, powers of judges
out of court (Volume IV. page 536). For, 288,227;-
against, 125,649; majority, 162,578.
Article 7, § 4. Limiting state debts, extending term
of credit (Volume IV. page 636). For, 293,552 ; against,
127,364; majority, 166,188.
Article 7, § 11. Payment of state debts (Volume IV.
page 669). For, 307,768; against, 134.773; majority,
172,995-
Article 7, § 12. Improvement of highways (Volume
IV. page 669). For, 383,188; against, 117,181; major-
ity, 266,007.
Article 8, § 10. New York water debt (Volume IV.
page 685). For, 363,117; against, 129,424; majority,
233,693-
Article 12, § i. Protection of employees (Volume
IV. page 770). For, 338,570; against, 133,606; major-
ity, 204,964.
551
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