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THE
GENERA OF FUNGI
FREDERIC EDWARD CLEMENTS, Pu. D.
Professor of Botany and Head of the Department of Botuny
in the University of Minnesota
MINNEAPOLIS
THE H. W. WILSON CoMPANY
1909
CopyricaT 1909
FREDERIC E. CLEMENTS
QK
603
G2.
Pia
PREFACE.
The present book is an outgrowth of a translation of the keys in the origi-
nal eight volumes of Saccardo’s “Sylloge Fungorum.’’ This translation was
mimeographed and bound for the use of classes in mycology. It immediately
proved so convenient and usable that the preparation of a complete guide to
the fungi was begun the same year. Many things have occurred during the past
two years to delay the completion of the guide until this time. In its present
form, the book is based upon Saccardo’s great work, though in certain groups
other authors have been followed, and in some cases, the discomycetes and
lichens, the treatment amounts almost to a revision. The arrangement of the
orders and families is different in a large measure, and in the distribution of
the lichens is original. No attempt has been made to revise the genera, except
where the treatment had lagged behind current practice, as is particularly true
of the lichens. In some cases, genera have been included in others, but this is
done only for the sake of the beginner, when the descriptions reveal no differences,
and is by no means intended as a revision.
Questions of nomenclature have necessarily been left largely to one side,
but no hesitation has been felt in making certain corrections. These have dealt
mostly with mistaken or neglected transliteration, and with faulty composition.
A considerable number of sesquipedalian words have been shortened, and the
greater number of hybrid names have been corrected. These corrections have
been made in such a way as to retain as much of the original name as possible.
Corrections are indicated by the sign + with the original form in parenthesis
below. New genera are designated by an asterisk, and are listed with their
types on a later page.
The genera described in volumes 9-18 of the “Sylloge” have been included
in the proper family keys. Genera placed under “incertae sedis” are excluded
as a rule, since it is impossible to locate them definitely. A few genera occur
riore than once when they show the characters of two families, or when super-
ficial and developmental features indicate different positions. An endeavor has
been made to make the keys as consistent as possible, and as simple as is profit-
able. The mycologist must have a fair equipment of technical terms, as well
as a Latin vocabulary, and the sooner these are acquired the better. In many
cases, definiteness will seem to be lost by the use of such terms as “typically,”
“usually,” etc., but the beginner must quickly learn that the line between families
is rarely clear-cut, but often on the contrary most devious. The tyro must con-
stantly be warned that some species belong as naturally in one family as in an-
other, and must consequently be sought in more than one place. The color of a
spore, the position of a perithecium, or the texture of a cup does not always
conform with a definite term, and the beginner must be governed accordingly.
While the writer is particularly indebted to Saccardo’s “Sylloge Fungorum,”
he is also indebted to Thaxter’s “Monograph of the Laboulbeniaceae,”’ and his
“Preliminary Diagnoses of New Species of Laboulbeniaceae,” II-VI, for the
material for the key to this group. The treatment of the Pezizales is largely
that of Rehm’s “Discomyceten,” modified by the inclusion of the lichens. From
Engler and Prantl’s ‘“Pflanzenfamilien,’ material has been drawn in the mono-
graphs of the bacteria by Migula, of phycomycetes and other groups by Schroter
and Lindau, and especially of the lichens by Zahlbruckner. The writer is also
under heavy obligation to Dr. Edith Clements, for the preparation of the Glos-
sary, and for much other work of preparation and of publication. His thanks
are also due to Professor Raymond J. Pool for assistance in the original mimeo-
graph copies.
Freperic Epwarp CLEMENTS.
The University of Minnesota,
June 1, I909.
CONTENTS.
PREFACE
Key TO ORDERS AND FAMILIES
Key To GENERA
Key To Spore SECTIONS
GUIDE TO THE VOLUMES OF SAccARDO’S “SYLLOGE FUNGORUM”
INDEX TO FAMILIES IN SaAccaRDO’s “SyLLOGE FuNGORUM” AND
ReuHm’s “DISCOMYCETEN”
List of NEw GENERA AND TYPES
GLOSSARY OF LATIN AND ENGLISH TERMS
INDEX TO GENERA, SUBFAMILIES, FAMILIES AND ORDERS
Key to Orders and Families
I. Filaments one-celled, rarely septate, typically aqua-
tic or endobiotic; propagation by fission or by
conidia, the latter usually in sporangia; sex-cells
typically present, uniting to form resting-spores
II. Filaments septate, typically saprophytic or epibi-
otic; conidia borne on conidiophores; sex-cells
usually absent
1. Spores in a hymenium composed of asci or club-
shaped basidia
a. Spores in asci
b. Spores on more or less club-shaped basidia
2. Conidia on conidiophores of various form, not in
asci or on true basidia
Phycomycetes
I. True mycelium lacking or rudimentary
1. Threads simple, globose to tilamentous, often
motile; propagating by fission or by conidia also
a. Cells single or in colonies, never forming plas-
modium-like masses
(1) Cells filamentous, not spirally twisted
(a) Filaments motile, sheathless
(b) Filaments non-motile, sheathed
(2) Cells cylindric to globose, spirally twisted
when filamentous
(a) Cells more or less spirally twisted
(b) Cells not spirally twisted or curved
x. Cells oblong to cylindric
y. Cells globose or cuboid
b. Cells secreting a gelatinous matrix and form-
ing pseudoplasmodia, passing into cysts or
spore-masses which are often stalked ~
2. Threads absent or slightly developed; propagation
by sporangia which produce zoogonids; sex-
cells rare
II. Mycelium present, typically well-developed and
branched; propagation by zoogonids or by non-
motile conidia borne in sporangia or on conidio-
phores; sex-cells usually present
1. Aerial fungi propagating by conidia
a. Conidia typically in globose to cylindric sporan-
gia; mostly saprophytes; zygosporous
Phycomycetes I
Ascomycetes
Basidiomycetes
Fungi Imperfecti 6
Bacteriales 7
Beggiatoaceae 7
Chlamydobacteriaceae 7
Spirillaceae 7
Bacteriaceae 8
Coccaceae 8
Myxobactrales 8
Chytridiaceae 9
Mucoraceae 12
I.
GENERA OF FUNGI
b. Conidia single or in chains on conidiophores
(1) Typically parasitic on insects; zygosporous
(2) Typically parasitic on leaves and stems;
fete)
sporous
2. Typically aquatic fungi propagating by zoogonids
a. Mycelium mostly well-developed
(1) Antheridial tube touching or penetrating
fexe)
gone
(2) Antherids producing antherozoids
b. Mycelium more or less scanty, developing wholly
or chiefly into sporangia and sex-organs
Ascomycetes
Asci completely or partly enclosed in a pericarp
1. Asci in a perithecium
a. Perithecia one to many on a receptacle; sex-
organs present;
b. Perithecia not on a receptacle; sex organs very
rare; rarely on insects
(1) Mycelium or subicle typically present; osti-
ole and paraphyses usually absent
(a) Subicle white; perithecia usually with ap-
pendages; asci one to few, more or less
ovoid
(b) Subicle dark or black; appendages mostly
xX.
y. Perithecia
lacking ; asci usually numerous, more or
less cylindric
typically on insects
Perithecia more or less globose
branched
clavate
to cylindric,
often
(2) Subicle usually absent; ostiole and paraphy-
ses typically present
(a) Perithecia fleshy or waxy, bright colored
(b) Perithecia hard, membranous to carbon-
x.
ous, typically brown to black
Perithecia distinct, not reduced to cavities
or locules
(x) Perithecia normally globose, single,
clustered
or in a’stroma
m. Mycelium not forming a thallus with
n.
(y)
algae
Mycelium forming a thallus
Perithecia
radiate
flattened, dimidiate
and
(z) Perithecia with a broad and com-
or a funnelform ostiole
m. Ostiole broad and compressed, cleft;
perithecia mostly carbonous
n.
pressed
Ostiole elongate, then expanded and
Entomophthoraceae
Peronosporaceae
Saprolegniaceae
Monoblepharidaceae
Ancylistaceae
Laboulbeniales
Sphaeriales
Erysibaceae
Perisporiaceae
Capnodiaceae
Hypocreaceae
Sphaeriaceae
Verrucariaceae
Microthyriaceae
Lophiostomataceae
14
-
15
18
16
18
ai
ai
22
25
42
53
KEY TO ORDERS AND FAMILIES
funnel form; perithecia mostly
coriaceous
y. Perithecia reduced to locules in a stroma
(x) Thallus absent
m. Stromata mostly carbonous or mem-
branous, not attached by a stipe-
like point e
n. Stromata subcarnose, attached by a
stipe-like point
(y) Thallus present
2. Asci in a hysterothecium, i. e., a perithecium with
a cleft-like ostiole, typically oblong to linear,
rarely vertical
a. Hysterothecium imperfect, dimidiate-scutate, but
the ostiole a cleft
b. Hysterothecium more or less elongate and
rimose, or rounded and stellately cleft
(1) Hysterothecium elongate, rimose, rarely
vertical
(a) Thallus absent
(b) Thallus present
(2) Hysterothecium round to linear, ostiole more
or less stellate or lobed; thallus present
or absent
3. Asci in an apothecium
a. Apothecia closed at first, then open, disk-shaped
to cup-shaped, rarely elongate
(1) Thallus lacking
(a) Apothecia sunken, then erumpent, usually
opening by lobes, rarely by a cleft
x. Apothecia opening by stellate or irregular
lobes or by a cleft
(x) Apothecia dark, brown or black
m. Apothecia mostly carbonous or leath-
ery; hypothecium thin
n. Apothecia mostly membranous or
horny; hypothecium thick
(y) <Apothecia white or bright colored,
typically waxy
y. Apothecia usually opening circularly,
mostly leathery or horny, brown or
black
(b) Apothecia typically superficial and open-
ing circularly, usually waxy or fleshy
but often carbonous, gelatinous or leath-
ery
x. Asci disappearing early; spores and pa-
raphyses forming a mazaedium
y. Asci persistent; mazaedium lacking
Coryneliaceae
Dothideaceae
Coccoideaceae
Mycoporaceae
Hysteriales
Hemihysteriaceae
Hysteriaceae
Graphidaceae
Arthoniae
Pezizales
Phacidiaceae
Tryblidiaceae
Stictidaceae
Dermateaceae
Caliciaceae
54
48
50
50
54
54
55
58
58
61
61
65
62
65
70
GENERA ‘OF FUNGI
(x) Apothecia not branched-stipitate at
the tips of branches
m. Apothecia gelatinous
n. Apothecia not gelatinous
(m) Apothecia usually dark or black,
carbonous to leathery, rarely
waxy
(n) Apothecia usually bright colored,
waxy to fleshy
r. Apothecia typically waxy, on plant
parts
(r) Exciple brownish, parenchy-
matic all over or at the
base; mostly sessile
(s) Exciple concolorous, prosen-
chymatic; mostly stalked
s. Apothecia typically fleshy, usually
terrestrial, often fimicole
(r) Apothecia usually terrestrial,
medium to large; asci most-
ly cylindric, not exserted
(s) Apothecia usually fimicole;
asci broad, exserted from
disk at maturity
(y) Apothecia branched-stipitate at the
tips of branches
(2) Thallus present
(a) Asci disappearing early; disk with a
mazaedium
(b) Asci persistent ; mazaedium absent
x. Thallus cottony, cobwebby or spongy; al-
gae yellow-green
y. Thallus more or less distinctly gelati-
ous; algae blue-green
z. Thallus firm, layered, neither gelatinous
nor cottony ;
(x) Thallus of two sorts: one horizontal,
the other erect, i. e, a podetium
(y) Thallus of one sort only, horizontal
or erect
m. Spores typically 2-celled, with a
thickened cross-wall, usually tra-
versed by a narrow canal
n. Spores without thickened cross-wall
and intersecting canal
(m) Apothecia sunken, or grown
together with the thallus on
the whole underside
(n) Apothecia typically superficial
when mature, not attached
broadly
Bulgariaceae
Patellariaceae
Mollisiaceae
Helotiaceae
Pezizaceae
Ascobolaceae
Cordieritaceae
Caliciaceae
Chrysotrichaceae
Collemataceae
Cladoniaceae
Physciaceae
Peltophoraceae
66
68
84
86
88
92
92
70
72
72
83
75
KEY TO ORDERS AND FAMILIES
r. Apothecia with proper exciple
s. Apothecia typically with thalline
exciple
b. Apothecia open from the first, stalked, saddle-
shaped, pileate to club-shaped, terrestrial as
a rule
4. Asci in a closed globoid body or ascoma, con-
taining cavities or veins
a. Ascomata epigean
(1) Ascomata fleshy with locules at the mar-
gin, forming swellings on branches of
living trees
(2) Ascomata minute, waxy to subcarbonous,
crowded with locules containing a single
ascus each
(3) Ascomata fragile, asci
powdery within; epizoic
b. Ascomata hypogean
(1) Ascomata woody, crustose or carbonous,
powdery within
(2) Ascomata fleshy or waxy, not powdery but
veined or lacunose within
II. Asci exposed, apothecium lacking
1. Spores free in the ascus
a. <Asci parallel and crowded, usually deforming
living plant parts
b. Asci solitary or grouped irregularly, saprophytic
or when parasitic scarcely deforming the
host
ec. Asci abnormal, rare; mycelium poorly de-
veloped, propagating by budding
2. Spore wall united with ascus wall, or asci disap-
pearing at maturity
a. Spores and ascus united; aecidia and uredinia
often present
b. Asci disappearing early,
powdery spore-mass
evanescent, then
leaving a firm or
Basidiomycetes
I. Hymenium variously modified, exposed at maturity
1, Basidia septate crosswise or lengthwise, or fur-
cate; usually gelatinous
2. Basidia not septate; pileus fleshy, waxy, leathery
or woody
a. Hymenium more or less uniform
(1) Pileus funnel-form, dimidiate or resupinate
(2) Pileus club-shaped, coralloid or filiform
b. Hymenium modified into teeth, pores or gills
(1) Hymenium of teeth or granules
(2) Hymenium of pores or tubes
Lecideaceae
Parmeliaceae
Helvellaceae
Tuberales
Cyttariaceae
Phymatosphaeriaceae
Onygenaceae
Elaphomycetaceae
Tuberaceae
Gymnascales
Exascaceae
Gymnascaceae
Saccharomycetaceae
Uredinales
Uredinaceae
Ustilaginaceae
Agaricales
Tremellaceae
Thelephoraceae
Clavariaceae
Hydnaceae
Polyporaceae
78
go
94
94
95
96
95
96
93
93
93
94
98
98
Io1r
102
103
106
105
107
108
6 GENERA OF FUNGI
(3) Hymenium of gills or gill-like veins
II. Definite hymenium lacking; spore-mass gelatinous
or powdery, typically enclosed in a peridium,
or elevated at maturity
1. Gleba more or less gelatinous, enclosed at first
in a volva, then raised on the receptacle
2. Gleba firm or powdery, not gelatinous, enclosed
in a peridium
a. Peridium epigean
(1) Gleba typically powdery or cellular, en-
closed in a more or less globose peridium
which opens irregularly or by a definite
mouth
(2) Gleba in seed-like sporiangioles which are
borne in a more or less cup-shaped peri-
dium
b. Peridium hypogean, closed
Fungi Imperfecti
I. Conidia present
1. Conidia in globoid,
pycnidia
a. Pycnidia fleshy or waxy, bright colored
b. Pycnidia typically membranous to carbonous,
dark, brown or black
(1) Pycnidia more or less globose, rarely cylin-
dric
(2) Pycnidia dimidiate, shield-shaped
(3) Pycnidia disciform, cup-shaped or hyster-
ioid
2. Conidia not in pycnidia
a. Hyphae short or obsolete, borne on a matrix
or stratum
cup-shaped or hysterioid
b. Hyphae not on a matrix, typically well-devel-
oped, but sometimes short or even lacking
(1) Hyphae in more or less loose cottony
masses
(a) Hyphae and conidia clear or bright col-
ored
(b) Hyphae and conidia both typically dark
or one or the other always dark
(2) Hyphae compactly united to form a globose
to cylindric body which is often stalked
(a) Hyphal body cylindric to capitate, stalked,
i. €., a synnema
(b) Hyphal body more or less globose, sessile,
i. €., a sporodochium
II. Conidia lacking
Agaricaceae
Lycoperdales
Phallaceae
Lycoperdaceae
Nidulariaceae
Hymenogastraceae
Phomatales
Zythiaceae
Phomataceae
Leptostromataceae
Excipulaceae
Melanconiales
Moniliales
Moniliaceae
Dematiaceae
Stilbaceae
Tuberculariaceae
Sterile Mycelia
IIo
II5
115
116
120
Ig
121
128
I2I
130
133
135
138
138
146
154
158
164
Key to the Genera
Class 1. SCHIZOMYCETES
Typically one-celled fungi, dividing by fission in 1, 2 or 3 planes, sometimes
forming true filaments, but then motile or sheathed, and without true branches;
resting cells often developed; sexual reproduction lacking.
Order 1. BACTERIALES
Globose, rod-like or filamentous, single or in colonies, sometimes grouped
into a loose mass (zoogloea), but never forming pseudoplasmodia or sporangium-like
masses.
Family 1. BEGGIATOACEAE
MicuLa 40
Filaments simple, free, motile, continuous or septate, sheathless, usually filled
with shining or yellowish sulphur granules.
A single genus Beggiatoa 8: 935
Family 2,5 CHLAMYDOBACTERIACEAE
MicuLA 35
Filaments simple or false-branched, typically attached, non-motile, septate, with
a more or less conspicuous sheath; propagation by ciliate, creeping or non-motiie
conidia.
I. Cells without sulphur granules
1. Filaments simple
a. Fission always in one plane Nocardia 8: 927
b. Fission in 3 planes during conidia formation
(1) Filaments marine, sheath very thin
Phragmidiothrix 8: 935
(2) Filaments fresh-water, sheath distinct
Crenothrix 8: 925
2. Filaments false-branched Cladothrix 8: 927
II. Cells with sulphur granules Thiothrix 8: 934
Family 3. SPIRILLACEAE
Micuta 30
One-celled, more or less spirally twisted, rod-like or short-filamentous, usually
motile by means of one to many flagella.
I. Cells stiff or rigid
8 BACTERIACEAE—MYXOBACTERIACEAE
1. Flagella lacking Spirosoma M. 31
2. Flagella present
a. Flagellum 1, rarely 2-3, polar Microspira M. 31
b. Flagella clustered, polar Spirillum 8: 1006
II. Cells flexible Spirochaete 8: 1006
Family 4. BACTERIACEAE
MIGuULA 20
One-celled, cells oblong to cylindric, straight or at least never spirally curved,
flagella often present.
I. Flagella lacking Bacterium 8: 1020
-II. Flagella present
1. Flagella peripheral Bacillus 8: 943
2. Flagella polar Pseudomonas M. 29
Family 5.5 COCCACEAE
Micuta 15
One-celled, cells globose, usually flattened when grouped in rows or masses,
flagella usually absent.
I. Flagella lacking
1. Fission in one plane, cells in rows Streptococcus 8: 1054
2. Fission in two planes, cells in plates
Micrococcus 8: 1076
3. Fission in three planes, cells in bundles
Sarcina 8: 1044
IJ. Flagella present
1. Fission in two planes Planococcus M. 19
2. Fission in three planes Planosarcina M. 20
Order 2. MYXOBACTRALES
Cells rod-like, motile, fission in one plane; cells secreting a gelatinous base and
forming pseudoplasmodia, then passing into cysts, or spore-masses which are often
stalked (cystophore).
Family 6. MYXOBACTERIACEAE
11: 460, T. 389
Characters of the order.
I. Cells always rod-like, distinct cysts present
I. Cysts free, usually on a cystophore Chondromyces 14: 842
2. Cysts one or more in a gelatinous matrix Myxobacter 14: 844
(Polyangium 7: 47)
II. Cells finally forming rows of globose spores, no definite cysts
Myxococcus 14: 843
Class 2. CHLOROPHYCEAE
Typically one-celled or filamentous plants, for the most part chlorophyllous but
CHYTRIDIACEAE 9
each order containing at least one fungous family; propagation by fission and zoogo-
nids; sexual reproduction present in most.
Order 3. PROTOCOCCALES
Typically one-celled algae, usually dividing by fission and producing zoogonids;
sexual reproduction often lacking; one fungous family.
Family 7. CHYTRIDIACEAE
7: 286, SCHROETER 65
Mycelium lacking or in the form of delicate protoplasmic threads, rarely of
hyphae, one-celled; sporangiophore lacking or but slightly developed; sporangia
producing zoogonids, thin-walled and ripening quickly, or thick-walled and resting
for a time (resting sporangia); sexual reproduction present in a few forms, the
sex organs scarcely distinguishable.
Key to the Subfamilies
I. Resting sporangium asexual, rarely formed by the union of two zoogonids
1. Mycelium completely lacking
a. Sporangia separate, one formed from each fruit-mass
Olpidiae
b. Sporangia in sori, formed by division of fruit-mass
Synchytriae
2: Mycelium present
a. Mycelium of delicate transient strands
(1) Mycelium limited to one terminal sporangium
Rhizidiae
(2) Mycelium extended, sporangia intercalary and terminal
Cladochytriae
b. Mycelium consisting of permanent hyphae
Hyphochytriae
II. Sexual resting spores formed by union of two sporangia and passing of con-
tents of one into the other Oochytriae
III. Sexual spores formed by conjugation Zygochytriae
Subfamily Olpidiae
SCHROETER 67
Mycelium lacking; fruit-mass endobiotic, globose, elliptic, rarely subclavate,
undivided, finally forming a simple zoosporangium or resting sporangium, in which
zoospores are formed after a period of rest.
I. Fruit-body amoeboid before maturity Reessia 7: 304, S. 67
II. Fruit-body without movement
1. Sporangia free in the host-cell
a. Membrane delicate, dissolving to free zoospores
Sphaerita 7: 314, S. 67
b. Membrane firm, with a definite opening
(1) Sporangia globose or elliptic
(a) Sporangia with 1, rarely 2, openings
10 CHYTRIDIACEAE
x. Zoospores I-ciliate; resting sporangium smooth
Olpidium 7: 310, S. 67
y. Zoospores 2-ciliate; resting sporangium spiny or warted
Olpidiopsis 7: 299, S. 69
(b) Zoosporangia with many openings
Pleotrachelus 7: 315, S. 69
(2) Sporangia elongate or clavate Ectrogella 7: 315, S. 70
2. Wall of sporangium fused with wall of host-cell
Pleolpidium S. 70
Subfamily Synchytriae
SCHROETER 71
Mycelium lacking; fruit-body endobiotic, when mature dividiug simultaneously
to form zoosporangia grouped in rows or in a sorus; resting sporangia arising di-
rectly from the fruit-body or by the division of it.
I. Zoosporangia arising through direct division of entire plasm of fruit-body, not
surrounded by a common membrane
1. Sporangia filling host-cell completely, wall fused with that of host-cell
Rozella 7: 300, S. 71
2. Sporangia free, aggregated Woronina 7: 301, S. 71
II. Zoosporangia arising through division of the full-grown fruit-body, surrounded
by the common membrane of the mother cell
1. Sporangia formed directly from the full-grown fruit-body
Synchytrium 7: 288, S. 72
2. Sporangia formed from the division of a thin-walled mother-cell which escapes
from the fruit body Pycnochytrium S. 73
Subfamily Rhizidiae
SCHROETER 75
Fruit-body endophytic» epiphytic, or living free between the nutrient media, at
base with a slender (in epiphytic forms sometimes scarcely perceptible) often
branched mycelium, distinct for each fruit-body and imbedded in the matrix; zoo-
sporangia globose or oblong, simple, often with a sterile swollen cell at base; zoo-
spores globose, I-ciliate; resting sporangia formed asexually, usually like the zoo-
sporangia.
I. Zoosporangia breaking out with an irregular or tube-like mouth, like the rest-
ing sporangia, which arise at the same place; mycelium delicate
1. Sporangia without basal cell, arising directly from mycelium
a. Sporangia endophytic Entophlyctis 14: 443, S. 75
b. Sporangia epiphytic or free
(1) Sporangia epiphytic, seated thickly on host-cell
Rhizophidium 7: 298, S. 76
(2) Sporangia free, mycelium only penetrating nutrient medium
(a) Zoospores escaping singly Rhizophlyctis 14: 445, S. 77
(b) Zoospores escaping as a ball Nowakowskia 7: 313, S. 77
2. Sporangia with stalk-like or swollen basal cell
a. Sporangia with a stalk-like cell
(1) Epiphytic; stalk separated by wall from sporangium
CHYTRIDIACEAE a
(a) Sporangium straight, rounded above
Podochytrium S. 77
(b) Sporangium curved, pointed above
Harpochytrium 11: 249, S. 77
(2) Saprophytic; stalk not separated from sporangium
Obelidium 7: 299, S. 77
b. Sporangia with swollen basal cell
(1) Sporangium and basal cell endophytic
Diplophlyctis S. 78
(2) Sporangium epiphytic or free
(a) Sporangium epiphytic
x. Zoospores escaping singly Phlyctochytrium S. 78
y. Zoospores escaping in a ball Rhizidiomyces 7: 316, S. 79
(b) Sporangia saprophytic, free Rhizidium 7: 296, S. 79
II. Zoosporangia opening by a lid, epiphytic; resting sporangia endophytic, mycelium
tubular or saccate Chytridium 7: 304, S. 80
Subfamily Cladochytriae
ScHROETER 80
Mycelium diffuse, repeatedly branched, saprophytic, intercellular or intracellular,
forming many sporangia, delicate, disappearing by the maturity of the spores; spo-
rangia intercalary or terminal, zoospores I-ciliate; resting sporangia produced asexu-
ally.
I. Resting sporangia alone present Physoderma 7: 317, S. 81
II. Zoosporangia alone present
1. Endophytic, intracellular Cladochytrium 7: 295, S. 81
2. Free, in algal slime
a. Sporangia opening by a hole Amoebochytrium 7: 315, S. 82
b. Sporangia opening by a lid Nowakowskiella 17: 514, S. 82
Subfamily Harpochytriae
SCHROETER 83
Mycelium strongly developed, cylindric, persistent; sporangia alone known,
formed asexually.
I. Mycelium and sporangia in the host-cell Catenaria 9: 360, S. 83
II. Sporangia in part at least free
1. Parasitic
a. Mycelium endophytic Harpochytrium 11: 249, S. 84
b. Mycelium endozoic Polyrrhina 7: 314, S. 84
2. Saprophytic Tetrachytrium 7: 295, S. 84
Subfamily Oochytriae
SCHROETER 84
Mycelium lacking or variously developed; resting sporangium formed by the
union of two young fruit-bodies, in which the plasm of one passes into the other
which develops as an oogone; zoosporangia present, spherical to elongate.
I. Mycelium entirely lacking Diplophysa 7: 302, S. 85
II. Mycelium present
12 MUCORACEAE
1. Mycelium producing a single fruit-body Polyphagus 7: 302, S. 85
2. Mycelium producing several fruit-bodies Urophlyctis 7: 303, S. 86
Subfamily Zygochytriae
SCHROETER 87
Mycelium one-celled, upright, branched, producing zoospores and zygospores;
zoosporangia single on ends of the branches, opening by a lid, zoospores one-ciliate ;
zygospores produced by the fusion of the end-cells of conjugating tubes, growing
into a filament upon germination; intermediate between Chytridiaceae and Mu-
coraceae.
A single genus Zygochytrium 7: 294, S. 87
Order 4. SPIROGYRALES
Typically one-celled or simple filamentous algae, without zoospores; sexual repro-
duction by the conjugation of similar gametes; two fungous families.
Family 8.§ MUCORACEAE
SCHROETER 119, 7: 182, 9: 335, 11: 2390, 14: 432, 16: 383, 17: 404
Saprophytes, rarely parasites, with a well-developed branching mycelium in which
cross-walls are absent; propagation by spores (conidia) arising within sporangia, the
latter apparently reduced to chains of conidia in one family; reproduction by the
union of the end-cells or gametes of conjugating tubes.
Key to the Subfamilies
I. Sporangia always present, conidia sometimes present
1. Columella present; zygospore naked or with a few appendages
a. Wall of the sporangium homogeneous, not cuticularized, diffluent
Mucorae
b. Wall cuticularized and persistent above, thin and diffluent below
Pilobolae
2. Columella absent; zygospore enveloped in a dense covering
Mortierellae
II. Sporangia rarely present, conidia always present
1. Conidia solitary; zygospore arising directly from the gametes
a. Sporangia present Choanophorae
b. Sporangia lacking Chaetocladiae
2. Conidia in chains; zygospore arising from outgrowths of gametes
Syncephalidae
Subfamily Mucorae
7: 184, S. 123
Mycelium similar throughout or consisting of aerial and nutritive parts; sporan-
gia alike or of two sorts, primary and accessory, the former with columella, the lat-
ter mostly without one; zygospore naked or with separate appendages arising from
the suspensors.
MUCORACEAE 13
I. Sporangia similar
1. Sporangiophore simple or branched, but not repeatedly dichotomous
a. Suspensors without appendages at maturity
(1) Aerial mycelium lacking
(a) Sporangia single, terminal Mucor 7: 190, S. 124
(b) Sporangia clustered, lateral
x. Sporangia globose Circinella 7: 215, S. 125
y. Sporangia long pear-shaped Pirella 7: 216, S. 125
(2) Aerial mycelium present
(a) Aerial mycelium stoloniferous
Rhizopus 7: 212, S. 125
(b) Aerial mycelium with many short thorn-like branches
Spinellus 7: 205, S. 125
b. Suspensors with thorny appendages at maturity
(1) Appendages spreading Phycomyces 7: 204, S. 126
(2) Appendages loosely enclosing the zygospore
Absidia 7: 214, S. 126
2. Sporangiophore repeatedly dichotomous
Sporodinia 7: 206, S. 127
II. Sporangia of two sorts, primary and secondary
1. Primary sporangia with, secondary without columella
Thamnidium 7: 211, S. 127
2. Both kinds of sporangia with columella
Dicranophora 11: 240, S. 128
Subfamily Pilobolae
7: 184, S. 123
Mycelium similar throughout; sporangia alike, with columella, sporangial wall
cuticularized and persistent above; zygospores naked.
J. Sporangiophore equal, sporangium not thrown off
Pilaira 7: 188, S. 129
II. Sporangiophore swollen above, sporangium thrown off
Pilobolus 7: 184, S. 129
Subfamily Mortierellae
7: 184, S. 130
Sporangia similar, terminal, without columella; conidia single, spherical on short
lateral branches of the aerial mycelium; zygospore enclosed in a dense mass of hyphae
arising from the suspensors, 7
I. Sporangiophores erect, branches attenuate toward tip
Mortierella 7: 220, S. 130
II. Sporangiophores creeping, branches equal
Herpocladiella 7: 225, S. 130
Subfamily Choanophorae
9: 339, S. 131
Mycelium parasitic on plant parts; sporangia and conidia both present; conidio-
14 ENTOMOPHTHORACEAE
phores simple or branched, bearing one-celled conidia; sporangiophores simple, spo-
rangia with a small columella.
A single genus Choanophora g: 339, S. 131
Subfamily Chaetocladiae
7: 220, S. 131
Mycelium parasitic on species of Mucor; propagation by conidia, sporangia lack-
ing, conidia arising on short side branches; zygospore arising directly from the fused
gametes.
A single genus Chaetocladium 7: 220, S. 131
Subfamily Syncephalidae
7: 225, S. 132
Conidia in chains on short basidia borne on the end of the sporophores; zygo-
spores arising as an outgrowth from the tips of the suspensors after conjugation.
J. Sporophores not swollen at tip Piptocephalis 7: 225, S. 132
II. Sporophores swollen into a head at tip
1. Sporophore simple Syncephalis 7: 227, S. 132
2. Sporophore branched Syncephalastrum 7: 232, S. 134
Family 9 ENTOMOPHTHORACEAE
SCHROETER 134, 7: 280, 9: 349, 14: 437, 16: 388, 17: 510
Mycelium usually well-developed, tubular or filamentous, mostly parasitic or en-
dozoic, rarely saprophytic, at first one-celled, then septate; propagation by one-celled
conidia terminal on one-celled clavate conidiophores; zygospores globose.
{. Mycelium endozoic (in insects)
1. Conidia always present
a. Conidiophore simple, zygospores unknown, azygospores present
(1) Cystidia and holdfasts lacking; azygospores lateral
Empusa 7: 281, S. 138
(2) Cystidia and holdfasts present; azygospores terminal
Lamia 8. 139
b. Conidiophore repeatedly branched, zygospores and azygospores present
Entomophthora 7: 282, S. 139
2. Azygospores alone present Tarichium 7: 284, S. 140
II. Mycelium endophytic or saprophytic
1. Mycelium little developed, intracellular ;
Completoria 7: 286, S. 140
2. Mycelium well-developed, not intracellular
a. Parasitic on fungi Conidiobolus 7: 285, S. 141
b. Saprophytic - Basidiobolus 7: 285, S. 141
Order 5.5 VAUCHERIALES
Unicellular, multinucleate, saccate or filamentous algae and fungi; propagation
by zoospores or conidia; sexual reproduction in the three fungous families by un-
like gametes, produced in antherids and oogones.
SAPROLEGNIACEAE 15
Family 1. SAPROLEGNIACEAE
SCHROETER 93, 7: 264, 9: 345, 11: 244, 14:.450, 16: 305, 17: 519
Mycelium strongly developed, broadly filamentous, more or less branched; prop-
agation by zoosporangia, producing ciliate, rarely non-motile, zoospores; sexual re-
production by antherids and oogones, their contents fusing by means of a connecting
tube.
Key to the Subfamilies
I. Vegetative mycelium broad, tubular, aquatic; zoosporangia cylindric, of the same
width as the mycelium
1, Filaments uniform, not constricted Saprolegniae
2, Filaments constricted regularly Leptomitae
II. Vegetative mycelium thin, mostly saprophytic on plant tissues; zoosporangia sev-
eral times broader than the filaments Pythiae
Subfamily Saprolegniae
SCHROETER 96
Nutritive mycelium sunken in the substratum, finely branched, water mycelium
tubular, repeatedly branched, cylindric; zoosporangia narrowly cylindric; oogones
mostly terminal, globose, I- to many-spored, antheridia clavate, the tube penetrating
the oogone.
I. Zoospores escaping before germination
1. Zoosporangia cylindric-clavate, zoospores several-rowed
a. Zoospores escaping together through a terminal pore 4
(1) Zoospores scattering upon escape
(a) Zoosporangia ovate Pythiopsis S. 97
(b) Zoosporangia cylindric Saprolegnia 7: 268, S. 97
(2) Zoospores remaining massed about the pore
Achlya 7: 274, S. 99
b. Zoospores not escaping through a common opening
(1) Each zoospore escaping singly through its own lateral pore
Dictyuchus 7: 273, S. 99
(2) Zoospores freed by the falling apart of the whole sporangium
Thraustotheca S. 100
2. Zoosporangia linear, zoospores 1-rowed
a. Zoospores scattering upon escape Leptolegnia S. 100
b. Zoospores remaining in a ball at the pore
Aphanomyces 7: 276, S. 100
II. Zoospores germinating in the sporangium
Aplanes S. ror
Subfamily Leptomitae
SCHROETER IOI
Filaments thin, branched, divided by regular constrictions ; zoosporangia cylindric,
pear-shaped or elliptic; oogones 1-spored.
I. Branches similar to the main stem
16 ANCYLISTACEAE
1. Zoospores escaping singly from the pore
Leptomitus 7: 265, S. ror
2. Zoospores remaining in a hollow ball about the pore before swimming
Apodachlya S. 102
II. Branches different from the main stem
1. Branches whorled Naegeliella S. 163
2. Branches repeatedly umbellate-ramose Araeospora 14: 454
3. ~Branches springing from the swollen tip of the main stem
Rhipidium 7: 268, S. 103
Subfemily Pythiae
SCHROETER 104
Vegetative mycelium very narrow, uniform, much-branched; sporangiophores not
distinct from mycelium; zoosporangium filamentous, cylindric, ellipsoid or globose,
contents escaping in a globose vesicle in which the zoospores arise, zoospores 2-ciliate ;
oogones globose, terminal, rarely intercalary, 1-spored.
J. Zoosporangia filamentous Nematosporangium S. 104
II. Zoosporangia globose or lemon-shaped Pythium 7: 270, S. 104
Family 11. ANCYLISTACEAE
ScHROETER 89, 7: 278, 9: 348, 14: 450, 16: 305, 17: 516
Mycelium mostly poorly developed and scarcely distinct from the fruit-body, the
latter tubular, when mature divided into vegetative cells, sporangia or oogones and
antherids; entire contents of antherid passing into oogone, oospore lying free; spo-
rangia always producing zoospores.
Key to the Subfamilies
I, Filament or fruit-body producing wholly sporangia or sex cells, mycelium entirely
lacking Lagenidiae
II. Filament producing vegetative cells also, the latter germinating to form threads
Ancylistae
Subfamily Lagenidiae
Fruit-body filamentous, tubular, simple or branched, dividing into cells which
develop into sporangia-or sex cells; antherids on the same or on different fruit bodies ;
sporangia and oospores always giving rise to zoospores.
I. In fresh-water algae, rarely in animals
1. Filament simple
a. Zoospores escaping singly from the sporangium
Achlyogeton 7: 277, S. 89
b. Sporangial plasm poured out into a vesicle in which the zoospores are formed
Myzocytium 7: 279, S. go
2. Filament with short side-branches Lagenidium 7: 278, S. 90
II. In the root-hairs of plants Rhizomyxa 7: 278, S. 91
Subfamily Ancylistae
Fruit-body tubular, mycelium-like, unbranched or with few short side-branches,
when mature dividing into a number of chain-like cells, which develop into vegetative
PERONOSPORACEAE 17
cells, sporangia or sex cells; sporangia producing zoospores; vegetative cells pro-
ducing a long tube, which penetrates new host-cells; oospores globose or elliptic.
I. Sporangia lacking, vegetative and sex cells alone formed
Ancylistes 7: 280, S. 92
II. Sporangia also present Resticularia 9: 348, S. 92
Family 12. PERONOSPORACEAE
SCHROETER II0, 7: 233, 9: 340, IT: 242, 14: 457, 16: 396, 17: 519
Mycelium abundant, filamentous, much branched, one-celled, endophytic ; propaga-
tion by conidia borne on the ends of conidiophores, conidia producing zoospores or
a germinating tube; sexual reproduction by means of endophytic antherids and
oogones, borne on the ends of lateral branches; oospores single, globose, producing
zoospores or a germinating tube.
Key to the Subfamilies
I. Conidia in chains, conidiophores club-shaped
Albuginae
II. Conidia single, conidiophores branched Peronosporae
Subfamily Albuginae
Mycelium intercellular, haustoria globose; conidiophores densely grouped into a
conidial layer beneath the epidermis; conidia globose, ellipsoid or subcylindric, in
chains on the ends of the conidiophores, usually producing zoospores, rarely a germinat-
ing tube; oospores globose, producing zoospores.
A single genus Albugo 7: 233, S. 110
Subfamily Peronosporae
Mycelium intercellular, rarely intracellular, haustoria of various form; conidio-
phores thread-like, above the epidermis, branched, without cross-walls; conidia single
on the tips of the branchlets, producing zoospores or a germinating tube; oospores
globose, with a well-developed outer wall, germinating by means of a tube.
I. Conidiophores slender, with long and slender branches
1. Conidiophore growing after the formation of the first conidia, producing new
joints Phytophthora 7: 237, S. 113
2. Conidiophore not growing and making new extensions
a. Conidia papillate at the tip
(1) Conidia on stalks arising from irregular disks
Bremia 7: 243, S. 116
(2) Conidia on stalks arising directly from the unchanged ends of the conidi-
ophores Plasmopara 7: 239
b. Conidia not papillate at the tip Peronospora 7: 244, S. 117
II. Conidiophores stout, swollen at the tip, or with short thick branches
1. Conidiophore simple up to the enlarged tip, which bears the conidia on slender
stalks Basidiophora S. 114
2. Conidiophore with short thick branches bearing the conidia on flask-like stalks
Sclerospora 7: 238, S. 114
18 MONOBLEPHARIDACEAE—LABOULBENIACEAE
Order 6. CONFERVALES
Typically multicellular filamentous algae, propagating by zoospores, and repro-
ducing by the union of isogametes, or by heterogametes borne in antherids and oogones ;
one fungous family.
Family 133. MONOBLEPHARIDACEAE
SCHROETER 106, 7: 277, 14: 452, 16: 304
Mycelium filamentous, one-celled or septate, producing zoospores and sex cells;
zoospores I-ciliate arising in terminal sporangia; antherids cylindric producing ciliate
antherozoids; oogones globose, terminal, opening by a pore, 1-spored.
I. Zoospores 1-ciliate
1. Mycelial threads equal throughout Monoblepharis 7: 277, S. 107
2. Mycelial threads constricted, necklace-like
Gonapodya 14: 452, S. 107
II. Zoospores two or more ciliate
1. Zoospores 2-ciliate Diblepharis 16: 395
2. Zoospores many-ciliate Myrioblepharis 14: 455
Class 4. ASCOMYCETES
Fungi usually destitute of a conspicuous mycelium, reproducing by means of a
spore-fruit containing asci (perithecium or apothecium), the spore-fruit occasionally
reduced to a group of naked asci.
Order 7. LABOULBENIALES
THAXTER 197, LINDAU 491
Family 144. LABOULBENIACEAE
8: 900, 9: 1130, I1: 446, 14: 725, 16: 674, 17: O15
Receptacle consisting of two to many cells in a row, or parenchyma-like, regu-
larly producing from the cells one or more appendages bearing antherids as a rule;
antherozoids normally endogenous, borne within flask-like, simple or compound an-
therids, rarely produced like conidia, i. e., naked or exogenous; perithecia one to many,
stalked or sessile, terminal or lateral on the receptacle, resulting from fertilization
by means of a trichogyne; asci seriate, mostly 4-spored, spores usually- 2-celled.
I. Antherozoids endogenous, i. e., in closed antherids
1. Antheridial cells forming a compound antherid
a. Dioecious
(1) Perithecia and appendages in pairs to the right and left
Dimorphomyces T. 264, L. 497
(2) Perithecia and appendages in a row
Dimeromyces T. 267, L. 497
b. Monoecious
(1) Antherids arising on an appendage
(a) Antherids lateral
x. On a subbasal cell of the appendage
Cantharomyces T. 271, L. 497
LABOULBENIACEAE ° 19
y. On short opposite branchlets of the appendage
Stichomyces T. 4: 37
(b) Antherids terminal
x. Antherid with a short spine at the tip
Haplomyces T. 269, L. 497
y. Antherid without a spine but with a neck-like canal cell
(x) Ascogenic cells at least 36 Polyascomyces T. 2: 414
(y) Ascogenic cells few
m. Stalk of antherid a single cell
(m) Antheridial cells obliquely in vertical rows
r. Subbasal cell of receptacle with a sterile appendage
Eumonoecomyces T. 4: 21
s. Subbasal cell of receptacle without sterile appendage
Eucantharomyces T. 273, L. 497
(n) Antherid parenchyma-like, many-celled
r. Antheridial cells with three marginal cells
Euhaplomyces T. 4: 25
s. Antherial cells without marginal cells
Camptomyces T. 274, L. 498
(0) Antherid of several superposed cells bearing single simple an-
therids directl;
r. Simple antherids two Acallomyces T. 5: 23
s. Simple antherids several
Acompsomyces T. 4: 37
n. Stalk of two cells placed side by side
Monoecomyces T. 2: 412, 4: 23
(2) Antherids arising on the receptacle
(a) Perithecia free
x. Receptacle of a single row of several to many superposed cells
Enarthromyces T. 276, L. 498
y. Receptacle of one or two superposed cells followed by two or three
oblique or transverse rows
(x) Receptacle with one basal cell
m. Basal cell followed by two tiers of cells
Limnaeomyces T. 2: 428
n. Basal cell followed by three symmetrical series
Dichomyces T. 282, L. 499
(y) Receptacle with two superposed basal cells
Peyritschiella T. 278, L. 499
(b) Perithecia grown together with distal portion of receptacle
x. Base of receptacle of two superposed cells
Chitonomyces T. 285, L. 499
y. Base of three superposed cells Hydraeomyces T. 293, L. 500
2. Antheridial cells distinct, discharging independently
a. Dioecious
(1) Perithecium borne by the basal or subbasal cell of receptacle
(a) Perithecium on the single basal cell, spores continuous
Amorphomyces T. 295, L. 501
20 LABOULBENIACEAE
(b) Perithecium lateral on the subbasal cell, spores obliquely 1-septate
Dioecomyces T. 4: 33
(2) Two-celled normal receptacle producing secondary receptacles on which
the perithecia are borne Herpomyces T. 5: 11
b. Monoecious
(1) Antherids in definite series on the appendages
(a) Arising directly from cells of the appendages
x. Appendage one
(x) Antherids in 4 vertical series
Helminthophana T. 297, L. 501
(y) Antherids in a single vertical series
Stigmatomyces T. 298, L. 501
y. Appendages numerous, antherids in 3 vertical series
Idiomyces T. 302, L. 501
(b) Borne on branches of the appendages
x. Appendage one
(x) Appendage with sterile terminal branchlets, antherids in short series
near its base Rhadinomyces T. 305, L. 501
(y) Appendage with fertile terminal branchlets bearing antherids laterally
Eucorethromyces T. 2: 433
y. Appendages forming a tuft, antherids on lateral branchlets
Corethromyces T. 303, L. sor
(2) Antherids not in definite series on the appendages
(a) Receptacle 2-celled
x. Basal cell with rhizoids
(x) A single receptacle from each rhizoid base
Rhizomyces T. 307, L. 502
(y) Several receptacles from a common rhizoid base
Moschomyces T. 368, L. 504
y. Basal cell not from a rhizoid
(x) Appendage single
m. Receptacle of 2 superposed cells
(m) Basal cell spheric, penetrating by a long filament
Ceraiomyces T. 3: 410
(n) Basal cell elongate Sphaleromyces T. 365, L. 504
n. Receptacle of a series of superposed cells
Ectinomyces T. 5: 26
(y) Appendages several to many
m. Appendages and perithecium in a whorl
Compsomyces T. 366, L. 504
n. Appendages in a row Clematomyces T. 2: 439
(b) Receptacle more than 2-celled
x. Receptacle of seriate, regularly superposed cells
(x) Plant bilaterally symmetrical
Diplomyces T. 357, L. 503
(y) Plant asymmetrical
m. Receptacle of two contiguous and united rows
(m) A single basal cell Rhachomyces T. 358, L. 504
ERYSIBACEAE ay
(n) Basal and subbasal cell present
Distichomyces T. 6: 308
n. Receptacle of a single row Chaetomyces T. 364, L. 504
y. Receptacle more or less parenchyma-like, at most only part of the
cells superposed in series
(x) Appendages all on one side Laboulbenia T. 308, L. 502
(y) Appendages on two sides Rickia 16: 689
(z) Appendages completely surrounding the perithecium
Teratomyces T. 354 L. 502
II, Antherozoids exogenous, i. e., produced terminally or laterally on the appendages
as naked cells
1. Receptacle large, very many-celled, parenchyma-like
a. Perithecium with six wall cells in each row
(1) Base of trichogyne persistent as a one-celled appendage
Caenomyces T. 4: 44
(2) Base of trichogyne not persistent as an appendage
Zodiomyces T. 371, L. 504
b. Perithecium with 9-10 wall cells in each row
Euzodiomyces T. 2: 449
2. Receptacle of a series of superposed cells
a. Appendage single Ceratomyces T. 372, L. 505
b. Appendages several Coreomyces T. 5: 56
The genus Misgomyces T. 2: 443 has not been included in the key owing to the
fact that its antherids are unknown; it is very closely related, apparently, to Laboul-
benia.
Order 8. SPHAERIALES
Mycelium sometimes superficial and abundant, often forming a thallus with algae,
but usually scanty and imbedded in the matrix, the threads branched and septate; prop-
agation by means of conidia borne on branches of the mycelium, or by means of
pycnidia; reproduction resulting in a globose, flask-shaped or flattened perithecium,
with a round mouth or ostiole except in the simpler forms, in which appendages are
also often found; asci usually 8-spored and with paraphyses; spores hyaline, yellow-
ish or brown, one to many-celled.
Family 15. ERYSIBACEAE
I: I, 9: 364, II: 253, 14: 404, 17: 526
Mycelium white, cobwebby, superficial, penetrating the epiderm by means of
haustoria; propagation by chains of conidia cut off from upright simple branches;
perithecium without mouth, membranous, regularly with simple or modified appen-
dages, often imbedded in the mycelium; ascus one to several, globose to ovoid, 2-8-
spored, without paraphyses; spores usually 1-celled, hyaline.
Hyalosporae
Spores I-celled, hyaline
I. Perithecium with one ascus
1. Appendages simple Sphaerotheca 1: 3
2. Appendages dichotomously branched Podosphaera 1: 2
22 ERYSIBACEAE—PERISPORIACEAE
II. Perithecium with several asci
1. Appendages present
a. Appendages simple, thread-like Erysibe 1: 15
b. Appendages branched or otherwise modified
(1) Appendages dichotomously branched
Microsphaera 1:10
(2) Appendages modified but not branched
(a) - Appendages stiff and bristle-like
x. Appendages numerous, not swollen at base
Pleochaete 1: 9
y. Appendages few, swollen at base
Phyllactinia 1: 5
(b) Appendages coiled at tip Uncinula 1:6
2. Appendages absent; perithecium surrounded by the mycelium
Erysibella 1:23
Dictyosporae
Spores usually hyaline, muriform
A single genus Saccardia 1: 24
Family 16. PERISPORIACEAE
1:24, 9: 371, I1: 253, 14: 462, 16: 398, 17: 524
Mycelium superficial, dark, filamentous, sometimes lacking, rarely forming a firm
stroma; conidia or pycnidia rarely present; perithecium without a mouth, or open-
ing irregularly, usually globose, membranous or coriaceous, rarely carbonous, appen-
dages usually lacking; asci mostly numerous, clustered, more or less cylindric, mostly
8-spored, paraphyses regularly lacking; spores various.
Hyalosporae
Spores t-celled, hyaline or yellowish
I. Perithecia bright-colored, yellow or reddish, rarely white
1. Asci 8-spored
a. Perithecia with setae, or hairs
(1) With long rigid setae Chaetothece 11: 254
(2) With many hairs, immersed in a dense subicle
Cryptothecium 14: 465
b. Perithecia glabrous
(1) Spores with an unequal samariform appendage
Samarospora 11: 254
(2) Spores not appendaged
(a) Spores verrucose Anixiopsis 14: 464
(b) Spores smooth
x. Conidiophores branched Allescheria 14: 464
y. Conidiophores simple, swollen at tip
Eurotium 1:25
(Kickxella 9: 372)
2. Asci many-spored Pisomyxa 1: 29
Il, Perithecia dark or black, spores hyaline
1. Asci 2-8-spored
PERISPORIACEAE
a. Ascus single Cystotheca 16: 407
b. Asci several or many
(1) Perithecia numerous in setose stroma-like
cups Lasiobotrys 1: 29
(2) Perithecia not in cups
(a) Perithecia globose Meliolopsis 1: 68
(b) Perithecia applanate Asterula 1: 47
2. Asci many-spored
a. Asci many Apiosporium 1: 30
b. Ascus single Monascus 9: 373
JII. Perithecia brown, then black, spores yellow
Anixia 1:34
Phaeosporae
Spores 1-celled, dark
I. Asci capitate on tips of branched hyphae Cephalothece 1: 36
II. Asci sessile or on simple stalks
1. Perithecia with appendages
a. Spores globose, conglobate
(1) Appendages closely spiral, convolute
Pleurascus 16: 1123
(2) Appendages flexuose-tortuose Arachnomyces 17: 532
b. Spores ellipsoid
(1) Appendages several times branched Ascotricha 1: 37
(2) Appendages circinate at apex Magnusia 1: 38
2. Perithecia without appendages
a. Perithecia hairy or setose Chaetomidum 1: 39
b. Perithecia glabrous
(1) Perithecia innate upon a radiate subicle
Asteronia I: 47
(2) Perithecia not on a radiate subicle
(a) Spores at first conglobate Laaseomyces 16: 405
(b) Spores free from the first
x. Growing on lichen thalli Orbicula 1:38
y. Growing on roots Thielavia 1: 39
Hyalodidymae
Spores 2-celled, (1-septate), hyaline
I. Asci 8-spored
1. Cells of spore separating easily Neorehmia 17: 536
2. Cells of spore not separating
a. Perithecia on a radiate subicle Asterella 1: 42
b. Perithecia on a uniform subicle Dimerosporium 1: 51
II. Asci many-spored Pampolysporium 16: 411
Phaeodidymae
Spores I-septate, dark when mature, rarely yellowish
I. Perithecia on a subicle
1. Subicle radiate: perithecia lenticular Asterina 1: 39
2. Subicle uniform, dematium-like; perithecia globose
23
24 PERISPORIACEAE
a. Perithecia without basal setae
(1) Asci several or many Dimerium 1:51, 17: 537
(2) Ascus one, rarely two Balladyna 16: 411
b. Perithecia with basal setae Kusanobotrys 17: 881
II. Perithecia not seated on a subicle
1. Perithecia gelatinous when wet, honey-yellow
Englerula 17: 529
2. Perithecia membranous or carbonous, usually dark
a. Spores apiculate-appendaged, very large
Zopfia 1: 54
b. Spores not appendaged, small or medium
(1) Spores smooth
(a) Spores elongate-oblong, very large
: Richonia 9: 379
(b) Spores subtrapeziform, small Argynna 14: 470
(c) Spores ellipitic, medium Parodiella 1: 717, 9: 409
(2) Spores spiny or roughened
(a) Perithecium irregularly dehiscent; asci not long-stalked
Marchaliella 11: 257
(b) Perithecia regularly areolate-dehiscent; asci long-stalked
Testudina 9: 378
Hyalophragmiae
Spores with 2 or more cross walls, hyaline
I. Perithecia on a radiate subicle Asteridium 1: 49
II. Perithecia on a uniform subicle
1. Subicle effuse, dematium-like; perithecium closed
Zukalia g: 431
2. Subicle fibrous, subcrustose; perithecium perforate
Perisporiopsis 17: 544
Phaeophragmiae
Spores 2-several-septate, dark
I. Perithecia on a radiate subicle Meliola 1: 60
(Limacinia 14: 474)
II. Subicle uniform or absent
I. Spores separating at the joints
a. Paraphyses lacking Perisporium 1: 55
b. Paraphyses present Schenckiella 11: 268
2. Spores not separating Perisporina 17: 545
Hyalodictyae
Spores muriform, hyaline
I Perithecia on a subicle, closed Zukaliopsis 17: 554
Phaeodictyae
Spores muriform, dark
I. Perithecia globose
1. Spores with an appendage at each end Ceratocarpia 14: 474
2. Spores without appendages
CAPNODIACEAE—SPHAERIACEAE 25
a. Subicle radiate Pleomeliola 1: 70, 17: 554
b. Subicle lacking Cleistothece 11: 270
JI. Perithecia applanate Cookella 1: 71
Scolecosporae
Spores filiform, septate or continuous, hyaline or subhyaline
I. Perithecium opening by a small pore Saccardomyces 17: 530
II. Perithecium without a pore
1. Subicle radiate, paraphyses present Ophiomeliola 16: 416
2. Subicle uniform, paraphyses absent Hyaloderma 9: 437
Family 17. CAPNODIACEAE
1:73, 9:438, 11:270, 14:476, 17:555
Perithecia vertically elongate, clavate or cylindric, obtuse or acute, simple or
branched, usually laciniate-dehiscent at the apex, on a thick black mycelium, which
is rarely absent.
I. Subicle crustose
1. Spores t-celled, globose Capnodiella 1: 74
2. Spores 3-4-septate, dark Capnodaria 1:74
3. Spores muriform, dark Capnodium 1:73, 80
II. Subicle very thick, spongy Scorias 1: 83
III. Subicle sparse or lacking
1. Spores 1-celled, hyaline Capnodiopsis 17: 555
2. Spores 2-celled, hyaline; perithecium gelatinous
Seuratia 17: 558
Family 183. SPHAERIACEAE
1:88, 2:1, 9:4, 11: 271, 14: 478, 16:417, 17: 560
Mycelium scanty and immersed, or often producing a stroma, rarely a subicle;
perithecia typically globoid, often drawn out into a beak, membranous, coriaceous,
or carbonous, brown or black, dehiscing by a round pore or ostiole, single, cespitose
or composite in a stroma; in the latter case each perithecium is distinct, not merely
a locule in the stroma; asci usually numerous, elongate, usually paraphysate; spores
various.
Allantosporae
Spores 1-celled, obtuse, curved-oblong, hyaline or olivascent
I. Perithecia sparse or cespitose
I. Ostiole central, very short
a. Asci 8-spored
(1) Perithecia covered
(a) Perithecia minute, glabrous Massalongiella 1: 89
(b) Perithecia largish, strigose-pilose Enchnoa 1: 89
(2) Perithecia subsuperficial
(a) Perithecia globose, never collapsing
Bizzozera A: 24, 9: 445
26 SPHAERIACEAE
(b) Perithecia collapsing, becoming cup-shaped
x. Perithecia gregarious Coelosphaeria 1: 91
y. Perithecia cespitose Nitschkea 11: 272
b. Asci many-spored Fracchiaea 1: 93
2. Ostiole central, papillate Neoarcangelia 16: 419
3. Ostiole lateral, conic Pleurostoma I: 95
II. Perithecia composite, typically in a stroma
1. True stroma lacking; perithecia heaped together between bark and wood
a. Asci 8-spored; ostiole short or long Calosphaeria 1:95 (16: 419, 421)
b. Asci many-spored; ostiole very short | Coronophora 1: 103
2. True stroma present; perithecia immersed in bark or wood
a. Stroma formed by the changed matrix
(1) Stroma valsous, i. e. perithecia in a circle
(a) Asci 4-8-spored
x. Perithecia usually 4, never more than 6, in each stroma
Quaternaria 1: 106
y. Perithecia many, 8-30, in most stromata at least
(x) Perithecia circinate or monostichous, ostiole entire; asci subsessile.
Valsa 1: 108
(y) Perithecia monostichous or polystichous, ostiole not entire; asci
stipitate Eutypella 1: 145, 17: 569
(b) Asci many-spored Valsella 1: 158
(2) Stroma eutypeous, i. e., broadly and indefinitely effuse
(a) Asci 8-spored :
x. Stroma conspicuous, cortical or woody
Eutypa 1: 162, 17: 569
y. Stroma more or less obsolete
(x) Stroma woody; ostiole largish; spores subfuscous
Endoxyla 1: 181
(y) Stroma cortical; ostiole small; spores subhyaline
Cryptosphaeria 1: 182
(b) Asci many-spored
x. Stroma manifest, cortical or woody
Cryptovalsa 1: 187
y. Stroma obsolete, cortical Cryptosphaerella 1: 186
b. Stroma different from the substance of the matrix
(1) Asci 8-spored; stroma effuse or disciform
Diatrype 1: 191, 9: 480
(2) Asci many-spored; stroma verruciform
Diatrypella 1: 200
Hyalosporae
1: 407, A58, 9:577, 11: 289, 14:515, 16: 452, 17:873
Spores 1-celled, hyaline or nearly hyaline, ovoid, oblong or fusoid, rarely
irregular or stellate, not allantoid.
I. Perithecia single or separate
1. Perithecia beaked or with a stellate ostiole
a. Perithecia subcarbonous
HYALOSPORAE
(1) Spores normal, i. e, not modified
(a) Perithecia superficial, glabrous or dark hairy
Ceratostomella 1: 408
(b) Perithecia innate-erumpent, yellow-hairy
Camptosphaeria 1: 413
(2) Spores with a ring-like appendage MRostrella 17: 609
b. Perithecia submembranous, usually phyllogenous
(1) Ostiole black, not stellate Gnomoniella 1: 413
(2) Ostiole white, stellate with black wartlike appendages
Rinia 17: 591
2. Perithecia not beaked
a. Perithecia covered
(1) Asci 1-2- or 4-8-spored
(a) Paraphyses present Physalospora 1: 433
(incl. Stigmatula 1: 543)
(b) Paraphyses lacking
x. Spores long-caudate
(x) Spores caudate at one end only
Urcspora 1: 448
(y) Spores caudate at both ends Urosporella 14: 523
y. Spores not caudate
(x) Asci I-2-spored
m. Perithecia perforate tDiplosporis 11: 292
(Geminispora)
n. Perithecia closed, then splitting irregularly at apex
Spolverinia 17: 577
(y) Asci 4-8-spored
m. Perithecia lenticular, perforate
Laestadia 1: 420
n. Perithecia globose, papillate ;
Phomatospora 1: 432
(2) Asci many-spored
(a) Perithecia glabrous Ditopella 1: 450
(b) Perithecia strigose-pilose Polytrichia 1: 451
b. Perithecia superficial
(1) Perithecia smooth, i. e., glabrous
(a) Spores stellate Inzengaea g: 610
(b) Spores not stellate
x. Perithecia on a dark crustose subicle
Pilgeriella 16: 464
y. Perithecia not on a subicle
(x) Perithecia surrounded by dark hyphae at base
Guignardiella 16: 465
(y) Perithecia without dark hyphae at base
Wallrothiella 1: 455
(incl. Zignoina 2: 219)
(2) Perithecia hairy
(a) Asci 8-spored Trichosphaeria 1: 452
(b) Asci 16-spored Trichosphaerella 9: 604
28 SPHAERIACEAE
II. Perithecia upon or within a stroma or subicle
1. Perithecia beaked Glomerella 16: 452, 17: 573
2. Perithecia not beaked
a. Perithecia immersed in a subicle Scortechinia A 68, 9: 604
b. Perithecia in or upon a stroma
(1) Stroma radiate, phyllogenous Trabutia 1: 449
(2) Stroma not radiate, usually caulicole
(a) Necks of perithecia wanting, stroma disk-like
Botryosphaeria 1: 456
(incl. Gibellia A 406, 9:608 and
Coutinia 17: 589)
(b) Necks of perithecia present, stroma valsiform
Cryptosporella 1: 466
(incl. Diaporthopsis 9: 610)
Phaeosporae
1: 214, 9: 481, 11: 278, 14: 489, 16: 427, 17: 503
Spores 1-celled, colored, usually yellowish or brown, ovoid, oblong or fusoid
I. Perithecia separate, at least without a stroma
1. Covered, often erumpent
a. Asci I-spored Haplosporium A 40, 9: 495
b. Asci 4-8-spored
(1) Perithecia covered by the blackened adhering epiderm
Anthostomella 1: 278
(2) Perithecia erumpent with a stellate volva
Astrocystis 1: 293
c. Asci many-spored
(1) Spores smooth Miillerella A 40, 9: 495
(2) Spores verrucose Mesnieria 16: 440
2. Superficial or subsuperficial
a. Perithecia long-beaked
(1) Spores lunulate; fimicole Micrascus A 37, 9: 483
(2) Spores globose to elliptic ; not fimicole
Ceratostoma 1: 215
b. Perithecia not beaked
(1) Perithecia submembranous
(a) Spores with a mucous sheath or tail; usually fimicole
x. Asci 4-8-spored
(x) Spores with a hyaline tail or cauda
Sordaria 1: 230
(y) Spores with a mucous sheath
m. Perithecia sparse Hypocopra 1: 240
n. Perithecia densely aggregate, almost stroma-like
Coprolepa 1: 248
y. Asci many-spored, spores usually caudate
Philocopra 1: 249
(b) Spores without mucous sheath or tail
x. Perithecia with simple setae, asci persistent
Helminthosphaeria 1: 230
PHAEOSPORAE 29
y. Perithecia with branched, hooked or spiral setae; asci diffluent
(x) Spores subglobose to elliptic
Chaetomium 1: 220
Bommerella A 38, 9: 486
Rosellinia 1: 252
(incl. Pleosporopsis 14: 501 and
Tympanopsis 11: 283
(y) Spores triangular
(2) Perithecia typically carbonous
(3) Perithecia coriaceous, firm, ascending-elongate
Bombardia 1: 277
II. Perithecia in a stroma
1. Stroma immersed, somewhat woody; perithecia membranous
Anthostoma 1: 293
2. Stroma superficial, carbonous or leathery; perithecia carbonous
a. Stroma terete, fruticose or filiform
(1) Stroma fimicole }TPedisordaria 14: 494
(Podosordaria)
(2) Stroma not fimicole
(a) Stroma with a single perithecium at apex
Capnodiella 17: 621
(b) Stroma containing many perithecia
x. Perithecia immersed laterally
(x) Stroma fruticose, clavate or filiform
Xylaria 1: 309
(incl. Kretschmaria g: 565)
(y) Stroma disk-like or cupulate above
Xylariodiscus 16: 449
y. Perithecia immersed vertically
(x) Perithecia immersed annulately about the truncate apex
Camillea 1: 346
(y) Perithecia crowded beneath an operculate disk
Henningsinia 16: 450
b. Stroma effuse, globose or cupulate, adnate or substipitate
(1) Conidia superficial on the young stroma
(a) Stroma usually fimicole Poronia 1: 348
(b) Stroma not fimicole
x. Stroma concentrically zonate
y. Stroma not concentrically zonate
(x) Stroma repand-pulvinate, somewhat hollow
Ustilina 1: 351
Daldinia 1: 393
(y) Stroma solid
m. Stroma subglobose, hemispheric or obpiriform
(m) Stroma not modified with squarrose papery membranes
Penzigia 9: 567
(n) Stroma modified by squarrose papery membranes
Squamotubera 17: 620
n. Stroma effuse
(m) Perithecia immersed, necks rather long
Bolinia 1: 352
30 SPHAERIACEAE
(n) Perithecia innate-prominent, necks lacking
Hypoxylum 1: 352
(2) Conidia arising beneath the upper layer of the disk-like or cupulate
stroma
(a) Perithecia flask-shaped Nummularia 1: 395
(b) Perithecia long-cylindric Solenoplea 17: 619
Hyalodidymae
I: 475, 9: O11, II: 295, 14: 525, 16: 468, 17: 635
Spores 1-septate (2-celled), hyaline or subhyaline, ovoid, oblong or fusoid
T. Perithecia separate
1. Perithecia covered or nearly so
a. Perithecia beaked, submembranous
(1) Asci 8-spored Gnomonia 1: 561
(2) Asci many-spored Rehmiella 9: 676
b. Perithecia not beaked
(1) Asci 8-spored
(a) Perithecia in a phyllogenous pseudostroma
' Hypospilina 2: 199
(b) Perithecia not in a phyllogenous pseudostroma
x. Paraphyses lacking Sphaerella 1: 476
(incl. Lizoniella 17: 661)
y. Paraphyses present
(x) Spores surrounded with mucus
Massarinula 14: 536
(y) Spores not surrounded with mucus
m. Spores septate near the base
Apiospora 1: 539
(incl. Stigmatea 1: 541)
n. Spores septate near the middle
(m) Perithecia smooth Didymella 1: 545
(incl. Stigmatea 1: 545)
(n) Perithecia long-hairy Arcangelia 9: 696
(2) Asci 16-24-spored
(a) Asci 16-spored Mycosphaerella 9: 659
(b) Asci 24-spored Hariotia 9: 672
2. Perithecia superficial or nearly so
a. Perithecia beaked
(1) Spores expelled in a mucous mass Spumatoria 16: 1134
(2) Spores not expelled in a mucous mass
Lentomita 1: 584
b. Perithecia not beaked
(1) Perithecia smooth
(a) Asci 8-spored
x. Paraphyses lacking
(x) Perithecia borne in lichen thalli
Pharcidia 9: 676, 17: 635
(incl. Epicymatia 1: 570)
(y) Perithecia not in lichen thalli
Bertia 1: 581
II.
ITI.
ie
2
Ts
I.
HY ALODIDYMAE—PHAEODIDY MAE
y. Paraphyses present
(x) Spores with a mucous layer produced into a spathulate ring
Pteridiospora 14: 539
(y) Spores without a mucous layer
m. Spores ellipsoid to fusoid Melanopsamma 1: 575
n. Spores botuliform Thaxteria g: 687
(b) Asci 16-spored Pseudolizonia 9: 682
(2) Perithecia with hairs or bristles
(a) Paraphyses lacking
x. Perithecia lichenicole Echinothecium 16: 484
y. Perithecia typically on leaves, rarely on stems
Venturia 1: 586
(b) Paraphyses present Eriosphaeria 1: 597
Perithecia cespitose Othiella 1: 739, 17: 662
Perithecia in, or rarely upon, a stroma
Stroma scanty
a. Perithecia smooth Gibbera 1: 599
b. Perithecia setose Cacosphaeria 9: 699
Stroma well-developed
a. Stroma white or colored
(1) Stroma white and soft Melchiora 14: 538
(2) Stroma bright yellow Endothia 1: 601
b. Stroma black, rarely yellowish
(1) Perithecia botryose, erumpent, superficial
Myrmaecium 1: 600
(2) Perithecia immersed
(a) Spores septate near the base Aplacodina 16: 485
(b) Spores septate near the middle
x. Stroma valsa-like
(x) Conidial stage Melanconium
Melanconis 1: 602
(y) Pycnidial stage Rabenhorstia
Hercospora 1: 605
(z) Pycnidial stage Phoma Diaporthe 1: 606
y. Stroma eutype-like or diatrype-like
Euporthe 1: 631, 1: 662
Phaeodidymae
I: 701, 9: 723, II: 312, 14: 551, 16: 408, 17: 675
Spores I-septate, dark, fuliginous to brown, ovoid, oblong or fusoid
Perithecia separate
Perithecia covered
a. Paraphyses lacking Phaeosphaerella 9: 723
(incl. Lizonia 1: 574)
b. Paraphyses present
(1) Asci 8-spored
(a) Spores surrounded by a hyaline sheath
Massariella 1: 716
31
32 SPHAERIACEAE
(b) Spores without a sheath
(2) Asci many-spored
Didymosphaeria 1: 701
Tichothecium 17: 676, 9: 723
2. Perithecia superficial or immersed at the base
a. Subicle present
(1) Perithecia beaked
(a) Paraphyses lacking
(b) Paraphyses present
(2) Perithecia not beaked
(a) Perithecia glabrous
(b) Perithecia setose
b. Subicle lacking
(1) Perithecia beaked
(a) Asci paraphysate
(b) Asci not paraphysate
(2) Perithecia not beaked
(a) Perithecia glabrous
x. Perithecia carbonous
Rhynchomeliola A. 127, 9: 751
Gibellina A: 413, 9: 749, 11: 317
Neopeckia A: 26, 9: 749
+Dimerosporis 17: 686
(Dimerosporiopsis)
Rhynchostoma 1: 730
+Dysrhynchis 17: 689
(Henningsomyces)
Amphisphaeria 1: 718
y. Perithecia membranous or submembranous
(x) Asci 8-spored
m. Perithecia globose, fimicole
Delitschia 1: 732
n. Perithecia cupulate, not fimicole
(y) <Asci many-spored
(b) Perithecia setose
Gaillardiella 14: 559
Delitschiella 17: 688
Protoventuria A: 113, 9: 741
II. Perithecia cespitose or forming a crust, not stromate
1. Perithecia forming an effuse crust
2. Perithecia in groups
a. Perithecia foliicole
b. Perithecia lichenicole
c. Perithecia ramicole
III. Perithecia in a stroma
I. Spore with a mucous covering
2. Spore without a mucous covering
a. Stroma erect, subterete
Parodiella 1: 717
Pseudotthia 16: 507
Sorothelia A: 122, 9: 728
Otthia 1: 735
Massariovalsa 9: 755
Xylobotryum 11: 319, 14:20
(Trachyxylaria 16: 510, Xyloceras
17: 690)
b. Stroma flat, round or cushion-like, immersed or emerging
(1) Paraphyses lacking
(a) Stroma bearing conidia of Melanconium
(b) Stroma without conidia
(2) Paraphyses present
Melanconiella 1: 740
Camarops 1: 753
(a) Stroma phyllogenous; perithecia superficial
Licopolia 16: 508
I.
I,
2.
HYALOPHRAGMIAE
(b) Stroma not phyllogenous
x. Perithecia valsoid Valsaria 1: 741
y. Perithecia eutypoid Endoxylina 11: 318
Hyalophragmiae
2: 152, 9: 824, 11: 332, 14: 581, 16: 528, 17: 692
Spores 2-several-septate, hyaline, oblong to cylindric
Perithecia separate
Perithecia covered or erumpent
a. Perithecia beaked
(1) Perithecia xylogenous, carbonous
Ceratosphaeria 2: 227
(2) Perithecia phyllogenous, submembranous
(a) Spores separating into halves Cryptoderis -2: 229
(b) Spores not separating into halves
Gnomoniopsis 17: 716
b. Perithecia not beaked
(1) Spores with a mucous covering Massarina 2: 153
(2) Spores without a mucous covering
(a) Perithecia submembranous, pseudostroma lacking
x. Paraphyses lacking Sphaerulina 2: 186
vy. Paraphyses present
(x) Spores muticate Metasphaeria 2:156
(incl. Charrinia 14: 585)
(y) Spores with a seta or cusp at either end
Ceriosporella 2: 184, 14: 19
(b) Perithecia membranous, in a leafy pseudostroma
Hypospila 2: 189
(c) Perithecia subcarbonous, pseudostroma lacking, spores 20-30-septate
Saccardoella 2: 190
Perithecia superficial or subsuperficial
a. Perithecia glabrous
(1) ' Perithecia stalked, covered with a bright powder
Bombardiastrum 11: 338
(2) Perithecia not stalked, powdery covering lacking
(a) Spores 2-septate Melomastia 2: 213
(b) Spores typically 3 or more-septate
x. Perithecia carbonous, black Zignoella 2: 214
(incl. Bertiella 17: 708)
y. Perithecia softish, greenish or reddish
Winterina 14: 589
b. Perithecia hairy or byssisede
(1) Perithecia of one color
(a) Spores chain-like, separating into globose joints
Hormosperma 14: 591
(b) Spores not separating into joints
x. Perithecia carbonous, large
(x) Spores cylindric, elongate Lasiosphaeria 2: 191
33
SPHAERIACEAE
(y) Spores fusoid, somewhat short
Enchnosphaeria 2: 205
y. Perithecia submembranous, small
Acanthostigma 2: 207
Perithecia fleshy-coriaceous, hairs fascicled on a central disk
Actiniopsis 16: 543
(2) Perithecia of two colors, usually reddish at vertex
Herpotrichia 2: 211
Zi
II. Perithecia cespitose, erumpent, superficial, membranous
Baumiella 17: 708
III. Perithecia in a stroma or on a subicle
1. Perithecia on a subicle; asci many-spored, paraphyses lacking
Sydowia 11: 341
2. Perithecia in a stroma
a. Stroma lichenicole, white, lanose Dichosporium 16: 542
b. Stroma not lichenicole, black wie
(1) Stroma immersed Calospora 2: 231
(2) Stroma superficial
(a) Stroma lentiform, adnate to the pycnidium
Melanops 2: 231
(b) Stroma pulvinate or hemispheric
Holstiella 14: 593
Phaeophragmiae
2: 1, 9: 759, Il: 319, 14: 561, 16: 510, 17: 718
Spores 2-several-septate, olive, melleous or fuliginous, oblong to cylindric
I. Perithecia separate
1. Perithecia covered or erumpent
a. Spores with a mucous covering Massaria 2:2
b. Spores without a mucous covering
(1) Perithecia depressed beneath a black cortical clypeus
Clypeosphaeria 2: 90
(2) Perithecia without a stromatic clypeus
(a) Spores muticate
x. Paraphyses lacking Phaeospora 16: 519
y. Paraphyses present
(x) Cells of spore concolorous
m. Perithecia glabrous
(m) Perithecia rostrate Rhynchosphaeria 16: 524
(n) Perithecia not beaked
r. Spores cylindric, connected in pairs in the ascus
Leptosphaeropsis 9:770, 11: 321
s. Spores separate Leptosphaeria 2: 13
(incl. Cladosphaeria 11: 321, Chi-
tonospora 9: 797)
n. Perithecia setose or hairy Pocosphaeria 11: 325
(y) Cells of spore discolorous Heptameria 2: 88
(incl. Passeriniella 11: 326)
(b) Spores caudate or cuspidate
x. Spores caudate at base Rebentischia 2:12
y. Spores cuspidate at both ends Ceriospora 14: 19, 2: 184
PHAEOPHRAGMIAE—HYALODICTYAE
2. Perithecia superficial or subsuperficial
a. Perithecia glabrous
(1) Phytophilous
(a) Spores finally separating into joints
x. Joints 1-celled Ohleriella 17: 736
y. Joints 2-celled Ohleria 2: 96 .
(b) Spores not separating into joints
x. Perithecia smooth or nearly so
(x) Spores biconic with a mucous covering
Caryospora 2: 122
(y) Spores medium, no mucous covering
m. Ostiole narrow Melanomma 2: 98
n. Ostiole widely open Trematosphaeria 2: 115
y. Perithecia verrucose Stuartella 2: 123
(2) Fimicole Sporormia 2: 123
b. Perithecia pilose or byssisede
(1) Perithecia concolorous
(a) Spores cylindric, elongate *Lasiosphaeris 2: 194
(b) Spores fusoid, somewhat short Chaetosphaeria 2: 92
(2) Perithecia discolorous at the vertex
*Herpothrix 2: 211
II. Perithecia cespitose, erumpent Gibberidea 2: 132
III. Perithecia in a stroma
1. Stroma lichenicole +Trematosphaeris 17: 735
(Trematosphaeriopsis)
2. Stroma not lichenicole
a. Asci 1-spored Titania g: 823
b. <Asci 4-8-spored
(1) Stroma valsa-like, innate
(a) Asci 4-spored Aglaospora 2: 133
(b) Asci 6-8-spored
x. <Acervuli covered with a reddish or yellowish bran
Thyridaria 2: 140
y. Acervuli not covered with a bran
Pseudovalsa 2: 135
(2) Stroma eutype-like, i. e., woody, effuse
(a) Paraphyses lacking Cryptosphaerina 16: 521
(b) Paraphyses present Kalmusia 2: 142
(3) Stroma pulvinate, emerging Melogramma 2: 144
Hyalodictyae
2:238, 11:3490, 9:872, 14: 611, 16:554, 17: 743
Spores transversally and longitudinally septate, usually muriform,
hyaline, oblong to fusoid.
J. Perithecia separate
1. Perithecia covered or erumpent
a. <Asci 8-spored
(1) Paraphyses lacking
36 SPHAERIACEAE
(a) Spores separate Pleosphaerulina 11: 350
(b) Spores in a common mucus Diplotheca 16: 555
(2) Paraphyses present
(a) Perithecia covered by a stromatic clypeus
Peltosphaeria 9: 898
(b) Perithecia without a clypeus Catharinea 11: 350
b. Asci 16-spored; perithecia setose Capronia 2: 288
2. Perithecia superficial
a. Perithecia glabrous
(1) Perithecia softish, greenish or reddish
Winteria 14: 589
(2) Perithecia hard, black
(a) Perithecia beaked Rhamphoria 2: 307
(b) Perithecia not beaked Tichosporella 11: 351
b. Perithecia setose or hairy
(1) Perithecia globose, setose and byssisede
Boerlagella 14: 612
(2) Perithecia turbinate, disk with fascicled hairs
Ophiodictyum 16: 555
II. Perithecia in a stroma
1. Perithecia projecting, setose Berlesiella 9: 914
2. Perithecia immersed
a. Stroma effuse, eutypeous Thyridella 11: 351
b. Stroma circular, valsous Clethridium 11: 350, 2: 332
Phaeodictyae
2: 238, 9: 872, 11: 341, 14: 504, 16: 544, 17: 746.
Spores muriform, yellow to brown, oblong to fusoid.
J. Perithecia separate
1. Perithecia covered or erumpent
a. Spores with a mucous layer Pleomassaria 2: 239
b. Spores without a mucous layer
(1) Perithecia without a phyllogenous pseudostroma
(a) Asci I-2-spored Julella 2: 289
(b) Asci 8-spored
x. Paraphyses lacking Leptosphaerulina 17: 746
y. Paraphyses present
(x) Perithecia covered by a black stromatic clypeus
Phaeopeltosphaeria 11: 344
(y) Perithecia not covered by a black stromatic clypeus
m. Perithecia glabrous
(m) Spores muticate
r. Perithecia coriaceous Karstenula 2: 240
s. Perithecia membranous
(r) Spores rounded or terete
h. Wall of perithecium single
Pleospora 2: 241
PHAEODICTY AE—SCOLECOSPORAE 37
i. Wall of perithecium double
Scleroplea 16: 548
(s) Spores compressed, flattened
h. Perithecia smooth Clathrospora 9: 894
i. Perithecia hairy *Comoclathris
(n) Spores appendaged at both ends
Delacourea 2: 288
n. Perithecia setose, especially about ostiole
Pyrenophora 2: 277
(2) Perithecia in a phyllogenous pseudostroma
Isothea 2: 290
2. Perithecia superficial
a. Phytogenous
(1) Perithecia soft, light colored Winteria 14: 589
(2) Perithecia carbonous, black
(a) Perithecia corrugate-tuberculate
Crotonocarpia 2: 306
(b) Perithecia not corrugate
x. Perithecia glabrous Tichospora 2: 290
y. Perithecia hairy Pleosphaeria 2: 304
b. Fimicole; each spore of 3 10-celled chains
Pleophragmia 2: 307
II. Perithecia cespitose Cucurbitaria 2: 307
Ill. Perithecia in a stroma
1. Spores with a mucous layer Montagnula 14: 603
2. Spores without a mucous layer
a. Stroma effuse, eutypeous Thyridium 2: 323
b. Stroma valsous Fenestella 2: 325
Scolecosporae
2: 337, 9: 923, I1: 351, 14: 613, 16: 557, 17: 767
Spores linear or filiform, continuous or septate, hyaline or yellowish.
I. Perithecia separate
1. Perithecia covered or erumpent
a. Perithecia covered by a phyllogenous clypeus
Linospora 2: 354
b. Perithecia not covered by a clypeus
(1) Perithecia beaked Ophiognomonia 17: 776
(2) Perithecia not beaked
(a) Perithecia glabrous
x. Spores muticate
(x) Spores in a hyaline sheath Ophiomassaria 11: 353
(y) Spores not in a hyaline sheath
m. Perithecia globose to conoid
Ophiobolus 2: 337
n. Perithecia cylindric, truncate
Cylindrina A: 421, 9: 937
y. Spores awned at each end
38 SPHAERIACEAE—VERRUCARIACEAE
(x) Perithecia very large, disk-form, corticole
Therrya 2: 358
(y) Perithecia small, globose, on grasses and palms
Dilophia 2: 357
(b) Perithecia hairy Ophiochaete 11: 353
2. Perithecia superficial or immersed at base
a. Perithecia beaked
b. Perithecia not beaked
(1) Perithecia fimicole Bovilla 2: 360
(2) Perithecia not fimicole
(a) Perithecia glabrous
x. Perithecia globose
(x) Perithecia immersed at base
Ophiochaete 11: 352
Acerbia 11: 353, 14: 619
(y) Perithecia wholly superficial
Leptosporella 14: 619
y. Perithecia elongate cylindric; ostiole sulcate
Bactrosphaeria 14: 617
(b) Perithecia hairy Acerbiella 17: 768
II. Perithecia in a stroma
1. Stroma superficial
a. Perithecia in an effuse definite stroma Maurya 14: 620
b. Perithecia densely heaped in a thin vanishing stroma
Pseudomeliola 9: 938
2. Stroma immersed or erumpent
a. Stroma erumpent, yellow within Sillia 1: 361
b. Stroma immersed, valsous
(1) Necks of perithecia short, scarcely converging
Vialaea 14: 619
(2) Necks long, converging into a disk
Cryptospora 2: 361
Family 19. VERRUCARIACEAE
ZAHLBRUCKNER 51
Mycelium parasitic on bluegreen or yellow green algae, and forming a more
or less distinct crustose, foliose or fruticose thallus, the latter usually superficial
but sometimes below the surface; perithecia distinct, single or cespitose or united
in a stroma, usually globose and ostiolate, membranous, coriaceous or carbonous;
asci I-many-spored; spores various.
I. Perithecia separate, at least not in a stroma (Cfr. Lichinae, page 74.)
1. Algae bluegreen, Nostoc, Scytonema, Sirosiphon, or Calothrix
Subfamily Pyrenidiae 76
a. Asci 4-8-spored
(1) Asci 4-spored; spores 3-septate Pyrenidium 77
(2) Asci 6-8-spored
(a) Spores spheric, 1-celled: algae Calothrix
Calothricopsis 165
(b) Spores fusiform, 1-septate
b.
2.
a.
VERRUCARIACEAE
x. Algae Sirosiphon or Scytonema
Eolichen 76
y. Algae Nostoc Pyrenocollema 169
(c) Spores filiform, continuous Hassea 76
Asci many-spored; spores 1-celled Placothelium 77
Algae yellow green, Pleurococcus, Palmella, Chroolepus, etc.
Thallus crustose or gelatinous
(1) Thallus gelatinous, hyphae loose Epigloea 53
(2) Thallus crustose, not gelatinous, hyphae compact
(a) Algae Cystococcus, in sheathed colonies
Subfamily Moriolae 52
x. Thallus without pseudoparenchyma
Moriola 52
y. Thallus with pseudoparenchyma
(x) Asci 8-spored
m. Spores dark, 1-septate *Dimerisma 52
n. Spores dark, 4-8-septate *Phaeomeris 52
o. Spores hyaline, 2-4-septate Spheconisca 52
(y) Asci many-spored; spores hyaline, 1-celled
*Pleophalis 52
(b) Algae Pleurococcus or Palmella
Subfamily Verrucariae 53
x. Paraphyses lacking, or soon disappearing
(x) Asci 1-8-spored
m. Algae present within the perithecium; spores muriform
(m) Spores hyaline *Phalostauris 57
(n) Spores dark Staurothele 56
n. Algae lacking in perithecium
(m) Spores t-celled
r. Spores globose to elliptic
(r) Perithecia more or less superficial
h. Spores hyaline Verrucaria 54
i. Spores dark *Phaeosporis 55
(s) Perithecia immersed
*Lithoecis 55
s. Spores vermiform, clavate at each end
Saccopyrenia 54
(n) Spores 2-4-celled, hyaline
r. Spores 2-celled Thelidium 56
s. Spores 4-celled *Phragmothele 56
(o) Spores muriform Polyblastia 56
(y) Asci many-spored Trimmatothele 56.
y. Paraphyses persistent
(x) Algae present in the perithecium
Thelenidia 57
(y) Hymenial algae lacking
m. Perithecia with normal ostiole
39
40
VERRUCARIACEAE
(m) Spores 1-celled
r. Spores hyaline
s. Spores dark
(n) Spores septate
r. Spores elliptic, 3-few-septate
Geisleria 57
Thrombium 57
*Phaeothrombis 57
s. Spores muriform
(r) Spores hyaline Microglaena 57
(s) Spores dark *Phaeoglaena 57
t. Spores needle-shaped, many-celled
Gongylia 57
n. Ostiole margined by a broad disk
(m) Spores transeptate Aspidopyrenium 58
(n) Spores muriform Aspidothelium 58
(c) Algae Chroolepus
x. Perithecia upright, with vertical ostiole
Subfamily Pyrenulae 62
(x) Paraphyses free, simple
m. Perithecia smooth
(m) Spores 1-celled, colorless
Coccotrema 66
(n) Spores septate
r. <Asci 4-8-spored
(r) Asci persistent
h. Spores transeptate
(h) Spores hyaline
+. Spores 1-septate
(+) Spore cells separating
*Dichoporis 66
(—) Spore cells not separating
*Diporina 66
—. Spores 2-many-septate
Porina 66
(i) Spores dark
+. Spores 1-septate
*Dipyrenis 68
—. Spores several-septate
Pyrenula 67
(incl. Blastodesmia 67)
i. Spores muriform
(h) Spores hyaline Clathroporina 67
(i) Spores brown Anthracothecium 68
(s) Asci evanescent; spores acicular, clear
Belonia 67
s. Asci many-spored; spores septate, clear
(r) Spores 1-celled *Holothelis 67
(s) Spores septate
h. Spores 1-septate *Dithelopsis 67
VERRUCARIACEAE 4!
i. Spores 2-many-septate
Thelopsis 67
n. Perithecia with stiff fascicled hairs
Stereochlamys 68
(y) Paraphyses lacking, or branched and united
m. Ostiole round or dot-like
(m) Spores hyaline
r. Spores 1-septate *Pyrenyllium 64
s. Spores 2-many-septate
(r) Spores oval to oblong
Arthropyrenia 64
(incl. Pseudopyrenula 65)
(s) Spores acicular to filiform
Leptorhaphis 65
t. Spores muriform Polyblastiopsis 65
(n) Spores brown
r. Spores 1-septate Microthelia 62
s. Spores 2-several-septate *Polythelis 64
n. Ostiole radiate, torn or lobed
Asteroporum 62
y. Perithecia oblique or horizontal with oblique or lateral ostiole
Subfamily Paratheliae 71
(x) Spores transeptate
m. Spores hyaline
(m) Spores 1-septate *Ditremis 71
(n) Spores several-septate, oblong
Pleurotrema 71
(incl. Plagiotrema 72)
(o) Spores filiform, many-celled
*Trichotrema 71
n. Spores brown Parathelium 72
(y) Spores muriform
m. Spores hyaline Campylothelium 72
n. Spores brown Pleurothelium 72
(d) Algae Phyllactidium or Cephaleurus
Subfamily Strigulae 74
x. Perithecia smooth
(x) Paraphyses simple, free
m. Spores transeptate
(m) Spores 1-septate *Phylloporis 75
(n) Spores several-septate
r. Thallus uniform Phylloporina 75
s. Thallus orbicular, lobed at edge
Strigula 76
n. Spores muriform Phyllobathelium 75
(y) -Paraphyses branched and united
m. Spores t-celled, dark Haplopyrenula 74
n. Spores 2-4-celled, brown Microtheliopsis 75
42 VERRUCARIACEAE—HYPOCREACEAE
y. Perithecia with fascicled nearly horizontal hairs at apex
b. Thallus foliose or scaly
(1) Algae Palmella
(a) Hymenial algae lacking
Trichothelium 75
Subfamily Dermatocarpae 58
x. Paraphyses lacking, or fused into a mass
* (x) Paraphyses lacking; thallus without cortex
Normandina 59
(y) Paraphyses fused; thallus corticate
m. Spores t-celled, colorless
n. Spores septate
(m) Spores colorless
(n) Spores brown
y. Paraphyses persistent
(x) Spores 1-celled, brown
(y) Spores muriform, colorless
(b) Hymenial algae present
Dermatocarpum 60
Placidiopsis 60
Heterocarpum 60
Anapyrenium 59
Psoroglaena 59
Endocarpum 61
(2) Algae Chroolepus; spores colorless, 1-celled
(3) Algae Prasiola
Lepolichen 69
Mastodia 241
c. Thallus fruticose, branched, with Pleurococcus; spores muriform, brown
Pyrenothamnia 61
II. Perithecia in a stroma (Cfr. Pertusariae, page 79.)
1. Perithecia upright, with individual pores
a. Spores colorless
(1) Spores transeptate
(a) Spores oval to fusiform
(b) Spores filiform
(2) Spores muriform
b. Spores brown
(1) Spores transeptate
(2) Spores muriform
Subfamily Trypetheliae 69
Trypethelium 70
Tomasiella 69
Laurera 71
Melanotheca 70
Bottaria 71
2. Perithecia oblique or horizontal, with a common canal or pore
a. Spores transeptate
(1) Spores colorless
(2) Spores brown
b. Spores muriform
(1) Spores colorless
(2) Spores brown
Subfamily Astrotheliae 72
Astrothelium 73
(incl. Lithothelium 73)
Pyrenastrum 73
Heufleria 74
Parmenteria 74
1II. Perithecia sunken in stroma-like warts; horizontal thallus lacking; asci many-
spored; spores 1-celled, clear
Family 20.
Thelocarpum 150
HYPOCREACEAE
2: 447, 9: O41, 11: 354, 14: 621, 16: 550, 17: 777.
Mycelium scanty and immersed or producing a subicle or a stroma; perithecia
HY POCREACEAE 43
globoid, sometimes beaked, fleshy, waxy or waxy-membranous, bright colored, usually
reddish, more rarely blue, yellow or whitish, never carbonous, opening by a rowid
pore or ostiole, single, cespitose or composite in a stroma; asci and spores as in
Sphaeriaceae.
Allantosporae
17: 778
Spores r-celled, obtuse, curved-oblong, hyaline or olivascent
One genus Allantonectria 17: 778
Hyalosporae
21447, 91941, 11: 354, 14: 621, 16:559, 17:778
Spores 1-celled, hyaline
I. Perithecia separate
1. Perithecia covered
a. Asci 8-spored Hyponectria 2: 455
b. Asci many-spored Thelocarpum 9: 946
2. Perithecia superficial or nearly so
a. Perithecia beaked; spores ciliate Eleutheromyces 2: 455
b. Perithecia not beaked
(1) Spores smooth Nectriella 2: 448
(2) Spores ciliate or spiny
(a) Spores 1-ciliate at each end Heteronectria 14: 624
(b) Spores spiny, hemispheric Cleistosoma A: 195, 9: 943
II. Perithecia cespitose
1. Asci 8-spored Lisiella 9: 945
2. Asci many-spored Chilonectria 2: 453
Ill. Perithecia in a subicle or stroma
1. Perithecia in a subicle, i. e., a cobwebby or cottony stroma
a. Paraphyses lacking. fungicole Peckiella 9: 944
b. Paraphyses numerous, not fungicole Byssonectria 2: 456
2. Perithecia in a definite stroma
a. Stroma efiuse, globose, verruciform or linear
(1) Asci 8-spored
(a) Perithecia circinate, valsiform Balzania 16: 561
(b) Perithecia not circinate, mostly irregular
x. Spores globose Battarina 2: 533
y. Spores ovate to oblong
(x) Stroma globose or verruciform
m. Stroma globose, smooth, dark
Pseudotrype 16: 561
n. Stroma verruciform, hairy, red
Selinia 2: 457
(y) Stroma lirelliform, clear Monographus 2: 457
(z) Stroma effuse, phyllogenous
Polystigma 2: 458
(2) Asci many-spored; phyllogenous Moelleriella 14: 626
b. Stroma elongate, erect
44 HY POCREACEAE
(1) Asci 8-spored
(a) Stroma capitate, spores smooth
Sphaerostilbella 17: 778
(b) Stroma clavaria-like; spores asperate
Penicilliopsis 9: 945
(2) Asci 16-spored; stroma clavate; on insects
Podostroma 11: 355
Phaeosporae
2:450, 9:949, 11:355, 14: 626, 16: 562, 17: 781
Spores t-celled, dark
I. Perithecia separate
I. Perithecia more or less covered Baculospora 9: 952
2. Perithecia superficial
a. Perithecia not beaked
(1) Perithecia smooth
(a) Spores globose, verruculose Neocosmospora 16: 562
(b) Spores oval to elliptic, smooth *Sphaerodes 2: 460
(2) Perithecia hairy Erythrocarpum 9g:950
b. Perithecia beaked
(1) Asci 8-spored Melanospora 2: 461
(2) Asci many-spored Scopinella 9: 953
II. Perithecia in a subicle or a stroma
1. Perithecia immersed in a subicle
a. Perithecia beaked *Rhynchomelas 2: 461
b. Perithecia not beaked Sphaeroderma 2: 459
2. Perithecia in a stroma
a. Spores spheric Thuemenella 14: 628
b. Spores ovoid
(1) Stroma clavate, pendulous Xylocrea 16: 451
(2) Stroma more or less globose
(a) Perithecia in one layer Entonaema 16: 450
(b) Perithecia in several layers tStromne 16: 452
(Engleromyces)
Hyalodidymae
2: 465, 9:953, 11: 356, 14:628, 16:565, 17: 782.
Spores 2-celled, hyaline
I. Perithecia separate or cespitose
1. Perithecia immersed; in leaves Charonectria 2: 466
2. Perithecia superficial
a. Perithecia red, yellow or white
(1) Asci of one kind, 8-spored
(a) Perithecia beaked Rhynchonectria 17: 798
(b) Perithecia not beaked
x. Spore cells separating Bresadolella 17: 797
y. Spore cells not separating
(x) Perithecia smooth
HYPOCREACEAE 45
m. Perithecia often on a tubercularoid base
Nectria 2: 479
n. Perithecia on or with a stilboid base
Sphaerostilbe 2: 511
(y) Perithecia hairy *Dasyphthora 2: 505
(2) Asci of two kinds, 8-spored and many-spored
Aponectria 2: 516
(3) <Asci many-spored Metanectria 2: 517
b. Perithecia blue or violet
(1) Asci 8-spored Lisea 2: 517
(2) Asci many-spored Cyanocephalum 11: 360
II. Perithecia in a subicle or stroma
1. Perithecia in a subicle
a. Perithecia giobose-conic, fungicole Hypomyces 2: 466
b. Perithecia scutate-dimidiate, phyllogenous
Puiggariella 2: 478
2. Perithecia in a stroma
a. Perithecia adnate to a fruticose stroma
Corallomyces 2: 519
b. Perithecia immersed in a clavate, globose, pulvinate or effuse stroma
(1) Perithecia long-beaked Treleasia 14: 640
(2) Perithecia not long-beaked
(a) Spore divided near base Lambro 16: 589
(b) Spore divided near middle
x. Spore cells separating
(x) Stroma vertically elongate Podocrea 17: 799
(y) Stroma globose to effuse
m. Conidiophore (Stilbum) arising from stroma
Stilbocrea 16: 588
n. Conidiophore lacking or not Stilbum
Hypocrea 2: 520
(incl. Cryphonectria 17: 783, My-
cocitrus 16: 589)
y. Spore cells not separating Hypocreopsis 9: 980
(incl. Clintoniella 16: 588)
Phaeodidymae
2: 537, 9: 981, 14:646, 16: 591, 17: 808.
Spores 2-celled, dark
I. Perithecia separate or cespitose
1. Perithecia immersed
a. Perithecia white, ostiole cylindric; on black fungi
Passerinula 2: 537
b. Perithecia darkish, ostiole broad, bright; in bark
Spegazzinula 2: 537
2. Perithecia superficial
a. Spore cells separating ‘Neoskofitzia 9: 981
b. Spore cells not separating
46 HY POCREACEAE
(1) Perithecia on or with a stilbum-like base
Calostilbe 16: 591
(2) Perithecia without stilbum-like base, often with Helminthosporium
Letendraea 2: 538
(incl. Phaeonectria 11: 359)
Il. Perithecia in a stroma Phaeocreopsis 16: 591
Hyalophragmiae
2:530, 9:982, 11: 363, 14: 647, 16: 592, 17: 808
Spores 2-several-septate, hyaline
!. Perithecia separate or cespitose
I. Perithecia immersed, spores falcate Cesatiella 2: 557
2. Perithecia superficial
a. Perithecia red, yellow or white
(1) Perithecia on or with a stilbum base
Stilbonectria 9: 986
(2) Perithecia without a stilbum base
(a) Perithecia astomous Malmeomyces 16: 592
(b) Perithecia ostiolate
x. Spores ciliate at each end Paranectria 2: 552
(incl. Debaryella 17: 809)
y. Spores muticate Calonectria 2: 540
b. Perithecia blue, violet or greenish
(1) Spores muticate Gibberella 2: 552
(2) Spores appendiculate each way Lecithium 11: 364
II. Perithecia in a subicle or in a stroma
I. Perithecia in a subicle Berkelella 9: 989
2. Perithecia in a pulvinate or discoid stroma
Broomella 2: 557
Phaeophragmiae
2: 539, 9: 982, 11: 363, 16: 599
Spores 2-several-septate, dark
I. Perithecia in a large tuberiform stroma Peloronectria 16:599
’ Hyalodictyae
2:558, 9:.990, 11: 364, 14: 650, 16: 509, 17: 814
Spores muriform, hyaline
I. Perithecia separate or cespitose, superficial
1. Perithecia red or yellow to whitish
a. Perithecia with a stilbum base Megalonectria 2: 560
b. Perithec‘a without a stilbum base Pleonectria 2: 559
2. Perithecia blue or violet Pleogibberella 9: 992
II. Perithecia in a valsoid stroma Thyronectria 2: 561
Phaeodictyae
2:558, 9:990, 11: 364, 16:600, 17: 815
Spores muriform, dark
HY POCREACEAE 47
I. Perithecia separate or cespitose
1. Perithecia beaked, asci 8-spored Bivonella 9: 989
2. Perithecia not beaked, asci many-spored
Feracia 17: 815
Il. Perithecia in a stroma
1. Asci paraphysate
a. Stroma conoid, snow-white Leucocrea 16: 601
b. Stroma tuberiform, rimose Shiraia 16: 600
2. Asci not paraphysate
a. Stroma pulvinate, disk greenish Mattirolia 9: 993
b. Stroma subcrustose Uleomyces 11: 364
Scolecosporae
2:562, 9:993, 11: 365, 14: 651, 17: 815, 16: 601
Hyaloscoleciae
Spores needle-shaped or filiform, hyaline or nearly so
I. Perithecia separate or cespitose
1. Perithecia enclosed in a sack Oomyces 2: 564
2. Perithecia not in a sack
a. Perithecia immersed or erumpent
(1) Perithecia many-perforate above Coscinaria 9: 1003
(2) Perithecia with a single ostiole Micronectria 9: 996
b. Perithecia superficial
(1) Perithecia globose-conic, papillate, reddish
Ophionectria 2: 563
(2) Perithecia vertically oblong, not papillate, white
Tubeufia 14: 652
II. Perithecia in a subicle or in a stroma
1. Perithecia in a subicle or byssoid stroma
Torrubiella 9: 904
(Helminthascus 16: 616)
2. Perithecia in a stroma
a. Stroma vertical
(1) Stroma from a scierotium or a blackened matrix
Claviceps 2: 564
(incl. Balansia 9:997, Balansiella
17: 822) :
(2) Stroma without sclerotium; on insects or fungi
Cordyceps 2: 566
b. Stroma effuse or pulvinate Dussiella 9: 1004
(1) Stroma on a white subicle
(2) Stroma without a subicle
(a) Stroma effuse, encircling culms
Epichloe 2: 578
(b) Stroma pulvinate to globose
x. Spore cells separating
(x) Perithecia in a definite peripheral zone
Mycomalus 16: 604
48 DOTHIDEACEAE
(y) Perithecia not arranged in a zone
m. Stroma hard and black Fleischera 17: 819
n. Stroma fleshy and soft
(m) Stroma fertile over entire surface
Hypocrella 2: 579
(n) Stroma fertile above, sterile below
Ascopolyporus 16: 605
y. Spore cells not separating Echinodothis 17: 819
Phaeoscoleciae
Spores filiform, dark
I. Stroma black, perithecia immersed; spores dilabent, brown
Konradia 16: 605
Family 21. DOTHIDEACEAE
Mycelium typically producing a stroma, in which the perithecia are more or
less completely sunken and reduced to locules; otherwise as in Sphaeriaceae.
Hyalosporae
2:588, A: 222, 9: 1004, 11: 368, 14: 663; 16:616, 17: 827
Spores 1-celled, hyaline or nearly hyaline, ovoid, oblong or fusoid, rarely globose
I. Asci 8-spored
1. Stroma globose, pulvinate or cup-shaped
a. Stroma cupulate-discoid, attached at center
Schweinitziella 9: 1005
b. Stroma pulvinate or subclypeate
(1) Stroma pulvinate
(a) Stroma subcoriaceous Bagnisiella 2: 589
(b) Stroma corneous Kullhemia 2: 591
(2) Stroma subclypeate, often oval to oblong
; Mazzantia 2: 591
(incl. Diachora 11: 374)
2. Stroma oblong, linear or effuse
a. Stroma superficial, on flowers Hyalodothis 11: 374
b. Stroma erumpent or superficial
(1) Stroma waxy or fleshy
a. Stroma more or less waxy within, linear, black
Scirrhiella 9: 1030
b. Stroma fleshy, white Monographus 2: 457
(2) Stroma more or less carbonous, round to effuse
(a) Asci usually shorter than 30“ Euryachora 2: 625
(b) Asci usually longer than 50" Phyllachora 2: 594
II. Asci 3-spored; stroma subglobose, subcorneous
Zimmermanniella 17: 827
Phaeosporae
2:626, 9: 1031, 11: 374, 14:675, 16:625, 17: 841
Spores 1-celled, colored, usually yellowish or brown, ovoid, oblong or fusoid
DOTHIDEACEAE 49
I. Stroma subhemispheric to effuse; asci 8-spored
Auerswaldia 2: 626
Hyalodidymae
2:627, 9: 1034, 11: 375, 14: 676, 16:625, 17: 844
Spores 1-septate (2-celled), hyaline or subhyaline, ovoid, oblong or fusoid
I. Stroma pulvinate or disciform
1. Stroma pulvinate, erumpent, usually ramicole ;
a. Asci 4-8-spored Plowrightia 2: 635
b. Asci many-spored *Pleodothis 11: 376
2. Stroma disciform, superficial, folticole Microcyclus 17: 844
II. Stroma oblong to linear or effuse
1. Stroma linear Scirrhia 2: 634
2, Stroma oblong to effuse, sometimes orbicular
a. Cells of spore very unequal Munkiella 9: 1034
b. Cells of spore equal
(1) Locules immersed in stroma Dothidella 2: 627
(2) Locules completely exserted from stroma
Rosenscheldia 9: 1036
Phaeodidymae
2:630, 9: 1043, I11:377, 14: 680, 16:628, 17: 852
Spores I-septate, dark, fuliginous to brown, ovoid, oblong or fusoid
J. Stroma superficial, disciform Maurodothis 17: 856
II. Stroma erumpent, pulvinate to effuse
1. Stroma usually effuse Phaeodothis 17: 854
2. Stroma pulvinate
a. Stroma subcarbonous Russoella 9: 1044
b. Stroma subcoriaceous Dothidea 2: 639
(incl. Hypoxylopsis 17: 855)
Hyalophragmiae
2: 646, 9: 1045, II: 377, 14: 682, 16: 629, 17: 856
Spores 2-several-septate, hyaline, oblong to cylindric
J. Perithecia or locules exserted from the stroma; spores sometimes colored
Montagnella 2: 646
II. Perithecia immersed
1. Stroma fleshy or waxy Dangardiella 14: 683
2. Stroma carbonous
a. Perithecia disposed in radiate lines Telimena 16: 631
b. Perithecia not radiate Darwiniella 9: 1048
Phaeophragmiae
2:646, 9: 1045, 11: 377, 14:682, 16:629, 17:857
Spores 2-several-septate, colored, yellowish to brown, oblong to cylindric
I. Stroma elongate or linear Rhopographus 2: 647
II. Stroma subhemispheric Homostegia 2: 649
50 MYCOPORACEAE—COCCOIDEACEAE
Hyalodictyae
8: 847 .
Spores muriform, hyaline, ovate to oblong
I, Stroma with a round black receptacle stuffed with locules
Pyrenotheca 8: 847
II. Stroma disciform or hemispheric *Discostroma 11: 379
Phaeodictyae
2:651, 9: 1051, 11: 378, 14: 684, 16: 632, 17:858
Spores muriform, dark, ovate to oblong
I. Stroma disciform or hemispheric Curreya 2: 651
Scolecosporae
2:652, 9: 1051, 14:685, 16: 632, 17:859
Spores filiform, hyaline, continuous, guttate or septate
I. Asci 8-spored
I. Spores narrowly filiform, 1-2 » wide Ophiodothis 2: 652
2. Spores broadly filiform, 5-8 » wide Oxydothis 14: 674
II. Asci many-spored Myriogenospora 14: 685
Family 22. MYCOPORACEAE
ZAHLBRUCKNER 77
Mycelium parasitic on Palmella or Chroolepus, forming a uniform thallus
without a cortex; perithecia reduced to locules in a stroma as in Dothideaceae, to
which family the genera might well be referred.
I. Spores transeptate; algae Chroolepus
I. Spores 1-septate
a. Spores colorless *Chlorodothis 78
b. Spores brown *Sciodothis 78
2. Spores several-septate
a. Spores colorless *Nothostroma 78
b. Spores brown *Mycoporis 78
3. Spores needle-shaped Mycoporellum 78
II. Spores muriform; algae Palmella Mycoporum 78
Family 23. COCCOIDEACEAE
17: 860 (16: 624)
Stromata with immersed locules, affixed to the matrix by a central stipitiform
point, subcarnose when fresh, subcorneous when dry; locules without distinct proper
walls.
Hyalosporae
16: 624
Spores t-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid
I. Stroma superficial, disciform-pulvinate, subcarbonous
Coccoidea 16: 624
II. Stroma superficial, cupulate-discoid Schweinitziella 9: 1005
MICROTHYRIACEAE 51
Phaeosporae
17: 860
Spores 1-celled, dark, ovoid
I. Stroma subcarnose, discoid Coccodiscus 17: 860
Hyalodidymae
17: 860
Spores 1-septate, hyaline, fusoid
I. Stroma subcarnose or corneous, disciform-pulvinate
Yoshinagaia 17: 860
Family 24. MICROTHYRIACEAE
2:658, 9: 1053, 11: 379, 14: 686, 16: 633, 17: 861
Perithecia separate, or rarely in a stroma, dimidiate, applanate, context usually
beautifully radiate, subsuperficial, black, membranous or carbonous, perforate or
astomous; asci 4-8-spored, usually short.
Subfamily Microthyriae
Perithecia typically not seated on a subicle
Hyalosporae
2:659, 9: 1053, 11: 379, 14:686, 16:633, 17: 861
Spores t-celled, hyaline, ovoid to oblong or fusiform
I, Spores oblong, curved Piptostoma 9: 1054
TI. Spores elliptic to fusiform, straight
1. Spores elliptic, short Myiocoprum 2: 659
2. Spores fusiform, long, sometimes 1-septate
Pemphidium 2: 670
Phaeosporae
2:062, 9: 1054, 16:634, 17: 861
Spores 1-celled, dark, globose to oblong
I. Spores globose; perithecia on a hyaline subicle
Blasdalea 16: 634
II. Spores oblong; subicle lacking Vizella 2: 662
Hyalodidymae
2: 662, 9: 1055, 11: 379, 14: 687, 16: 635, 17: 862
Spores I-septate, hyaline, oblong to fusoid
I. Asci with paraphyses
1. Perithecia with several ostioles Polystomella 9: 1063
2. Perithecia astomous Clypeolum 2: 667
II. Asci without paraphyses
1. Perithecia smooth
a. Perithecia more or less mytiliform and confluent
Brefeldiella 9: 1063
52 MICROTHYRIACEAE
b. Perithecia not mytiliform or confluent
Microthyrium 2: 662
2. Perithecia setulose Chaetothyrium 9g: 1061
: Phaeodidymae
2: 668, 9: 1064, 11: 381, 14: 680, 16:639, 17: 865
Spores I-septate, dark, oblong to fusoid
I. Perithecia superficial, carbonous, perforate
Seynesia 2: 668
Hyalophragmiae
2: 668, 9: 1068, 11: 381, 14: 6090, 16: 642, 17: 868
Spores 2-several-septate, hyaline, fusoid to cylindric
I. Perithecia separate
1. Perithecia on a fibrous mycelium Trichopeltis 9: 1068
2. Perithecia without a mycelium
a. Perithecia smooth Micropeltis 2: 669
b. Perithecia margined with rigid appendages
Actiniopsis 17: 871
II. Perithecia in a dimidiate many-perforate stroma
Gilletiella 14: 691
Phaeophragmiae
2:668, 9: 1068, 11: 381, 14: 690, 16: 642, 17: 872
Spores 2-several-septate, dark, fusoid, to cylindric
I. Perithecia membranous, subfibrous; spores conglobate
Phaeoscutella 17: 872
Il. Perithecia carbonous or coriaceous Scutellum 2: 668
Hyalodictyae
A: 253, 9: I07I, 14: 692, 16: 645
Spores muriform, hyaline, oblong to elliptic
I. Perithecia membranous, ostiolate Saccardinula 9: 1071
Phaeodictyae
17: 873
Spores muriform, dark, oblong to elliptic
I. Perithecia superficial, phyllogenous, subradiate
+Phaeopeltis 17: 873
(Phaeosaccardinula)
Scolecosporae
9:1072, 16:646, 17: 873
Spores acicular, hyaline or colored, continuous or septate
I. Spores separating into cells Scolecopeltis 9: 1072
II. Spores not separating Ophiopeltis 17: 873
Subfamily Asterinae
14: 692, 16:646, 17:875
Perithecia typically seated upon an effuse radiate black subicle
LOPHIOSTOMATACEAE . 53
Hyalosporae
14: 692, 16: 646
J. Spores hyaline, one-celled Asterula 1:47, 14: 692
Phaeosporae
14: 693
I. Spores dark, one-celled Asteronia 1:47, 14: 693
Hyalodidymae
14: 693, 16:646, 17: 882
J. Spores hyaline, 1-septate Asterella 1:42, 14: 698
Phaeodidymae
14: 693, 16: 646, 17: 875
I. Spores dark, 1-septate Asterina 1: 39, 14: 693
(incl. Trichothyrium 9: 1062)
Hyalophragmiae
14: 699, 16: 650, 17: 884
I. Spores hyaline, several-septate Asteridium 1:49, 14: 699
Phaeophragmiae
14: 699, 17: 885
I. Spores dark, several-septate Asteridiella 14: 701
Family 25. LOPHIOSTOMATACEAE
2: 672, 9:1074, 11: 382, 14: 702, 16: 650, 17: 886
Perithecia simple, separate, at first covered, then subsuperficial or insculptate, car-
bonous, rarely submembranous, black, with a very narrowly rimose, broad and
compressed ostiole; asci paraphysate, usually 8-spored; matrix often blackened giv-
ing the appearance of a stroma.
Hyalosporae
(Not represented)
Phaeosporae
2:673, 17: 886
I. Spores 1-celled, dark Lophiella 2: 673
Hyalodidymae
2:675, 9: 1075, I1: 383, 14: 702, 17: 886
Spores 1-septate, hyaline, oblong to fusoid
I. Perithecia smooth Lophiosphaera 2: 675
II. Perithecia hairy, with wool at base Lophiotricha 9: 1082
Phaeodidymae
2: 673, 9: 1074, 11: 382, 14: 702, 16: 650, 17: 887
I. Spores 1-septate, dark Schizostoma 2: 673
c4 CORY NELIACEAE—HEMIHYSTERIACEAE
Hyalophragmiae
2:678, 9: 1076, 14: 703, 16:651, 17: 887
1. Spores hyaline, several-septate Lophiotrema 2: 678
Phaeophragmiae
2: 689, 9: 1083, II: 383, 14: 704, 16: 651, 17: 887
Spores dark, several-septate
f. Spores caudate Brigantiella 17: 889
II. Spores not caudate Lophiostoma 2: 689
Hyalodictyae
9: 1003
{. Spores hyaline or nearly so, muriform Lophidiopsis 9: 1093
Phaeodictyae
2:710, 9: 1091, 11: 384, 14: 706, 16:653, 17: 889
J. Spores dark, muriform Platystomum 17: 889
(Lophidium 2: 710)
Scolecosporae
2:717, 9: 1004
i. Spores filiform, hyaline or dilutely colored
Lophionema 2: 717
Family 26. CORYNELIACEAE
9: 1073, 11: 385, 16: 650
Perithecia separate or in a stroma, coriaceous, black, lageniform, with an elon-
gated ostiole, perforate at the apex and then broadly expanded and infundibuliform.
Phaeosporae
9: 1073, 16: 650
J. Spores dark, 1-celled, spherical Corynelia 9: 1073
Phaeophragmiae
II: 385
J. Spores dark, 3-several-septate Coryneliella 11: 385
Phaeodictyae
9: 1073
J Spores black, stellate, cells radiating Tripospora 9: 1073
Order 9. HYSTERIALES
Perithecia oblong to linear, rarely round, carbonous or membranous, rarely
roriaceous, ostiole a cleft or slit; mycelium often forming a thallus with algae.
Family 27, HEMIHYSTERIACEAE
Q: 1094, IT: 385, 14: 707, 16: 653, 17: 892
Perithecia simple or aggregated into a stroma, dimidiate-scutate, subicle lacking,
HYSTERIACEAE 55
or more or less developed, ostiole hysterium-like ; asci 8-spored, spores usually 2-celled,
dark.
Phaeosporae
14: 707
I. Spores dark, 1-celled; subicle lacking Cyclostomella 14: 707
Phaeodidymae
9: 1094, II: 385, 14: 708, 16:653, 17: 892
Spores dark, 1-septate, elliptic to fusoid
I. Perithecia on a subicle; stroma lacking Morenoella 9: 1094
II. Perithecia in a stroma
1. Asci with paraphyses Parmularia 14: 708
(Schneepia 9g: 1097)
2. Asci without paraphyses Hysterostomella 9: 1098
Hyalophragmiae
17: 892
I. Spores hyaline, 3-several-septate Parmulariella 17: 892
Family 28. HYSTERIACEAE
2: 721, 9: 1100, II: 385, 14: 710, 16: 657, 17: 803
Perithecia simple or very rarely in a stroma, erumpent-superficial, horizontally,
rarely vertically oblong or linear, membranous, coriaceous or carbonous, rarely
carnosule at first, usually black, opening along the whole surface by a somewhat
narrow cleft; asci usually paraphysate, 4-8-spored, rarely many-spored.
Hyalosporae
23723, 9: 1100, 11: 385, 14: 710, 16: 657, 17: 893
Spores I-celled, hyaline, globose to fusoid
I. Asci 4-spored; spores covered with mucus
Hypodermella 11: 385
II. Asci 8-spored
1. Perithecia single or at least not coalescing
Schizothyrium 2: 723
(Henriquesia 2: 726)
2. Perithecia coalescing in stellate groups of 4-6
Delpinoella 16: 658
Phaeosporae
2:727, 9: II00, 14: 710
Spores I-celled, dark, globose to ovoid
I. Asci 8-spored
1. Perithecia separate; asci paraphysate Farlowiella 2: 727, 9: I100
2. Perithecia stromatic at base; asci aparaphysate
Erikssonia 14: 710
ITI. Asci 10-12-spored Lembosiella 9: 1101
56 HYSTERIACEAE
Hyalodidymae
2:727, 9: 1101, 11: 386, 14:711, 16:659, 17: 895
Spores i-septate, hyaline, ovoid to fusoid
T. Perithecia membranous
1. Perithecia separate, minute Aulographum 2: 727
2. Perithecia in a dimidiate stroma Cycloschizum 17: 896
IL. Perithecia carbonous
1, Perithecia separate
a. Perithecia simple or scarcely branched
(1) Asci 8-spored Glonium 2: 731
(2) Asci many-spored *Pleoglonis g: 1103
b. Perithecia radiately branched, or stellate
Actidium 2: 738
2. Perithecia connected in orbicular sori Synglonium 14: 711
III. Perithecia at first somewhat fleshy, reddish or yellow
Angelinia 2: 739
Phaeodidymae
2:740, 9: 1103, 11: 387, 14: 711, 16:659, 17: 897
Spores 1-septate, dark, ovoid to oblong
I. Perithecia on a fibrillose-radiate subicle Lembosia 2: 741
II. Perithecia without a subicle
1. Perithecia coriaceous Tryblidium 2: 740
2. Perithecia carbonous
a. Perithecia linear; cleft very narrow, straight
Bulliardiella 17: 902
b. Perithecia scutellate; cleft subcircular
Dielsiella 17: 902
Hyalophragmiae
2:765, 9: 1112, 11: 388, 14: 715, 16: 664, 17: 903
Spores several-septate, hyaline, oblong to cylindric
I. Perithecia saprogenous
1. Perithecia carbonous, cleft narrow Gloniella 2: 765
2. Perithecia subcoriaceous, cleft wide Pseudographis 2: 769
II. Perithecia biogenous, gregarious in spots
1. Perithecia corticole Dichaena 2: 771
2. Perithecia foliicole
a. Perithecia merely gregarious Phragmographium 17: 906
b. Perithecia radiately disposed Aldona 16: 667
Phaeophragmiae
2:743, 9: 1108, 11: 387, 14: 715, 16:664, 17: 907
Spores several-septate, dark, oblong to cylindric
I. Edges of cleft somewhat obtuse, then more or less distant
1. Asci 4-8-spored
a. Perithecia transversely densely and coarsely sulcate
Rhytidhysterium 2: 759
HYSTERIACEAE 57
b. Perithecia smooth
(1) Perithecia covered by the epidermis
Hypodermopsis 17: 908
(2) Perithecia erumpent or superficial
(a) Perithecia carbonous Hysterium 2: 743
(b) Perithecia coriaceous Tryblidiella 2: 757
2. Asci many-spored, perithecia subcoriaceous
Baggea 2:760
II. Edges of cleft very thin, closely connivent
1. Asci 4-spored; perithecia subcarbonous, striate
Ostreium 2: 765
2. Asci 8-spored; perithecia somewhat membranous, fragile
Mytilidium 2: 760
Hyalodictyae
2:772, 9: 1116, 11: 380, 14:717, 16: 668, 17: 909
Spores muriform, hyaline, ovoid to oblong
I. Perithecia separate
1. Perithecia carbonous, erumpent; spores without mucus
Gloniopsis 2: 772
2. Perithecia membranous, innate; spores with mucus sheath
Hysteropsis 9: 1118
II. Perithecia in a lenticular, radiate stroma Mendogia 16: 669
Phaeodictyae
2:776, 9: III9, 11: 380, 14: 717, 16: 668, 17: 912
Spores muriform, dark, ovoid to oblong
I. Perithecia carbonous or corneo-carbonous, firm
Hysterographium 2: 776
II. Perithecia membranous, thin Graphyllium 16: 1145, 17: 913
Scolecosporae
2: 784, 9: 1123, 11: 380, 14: 719, 16: 669, 17: 913
Spores bacillar to filiform, hyaline or dark
I. Spores 2-5 times shorter than the asci; perithecia membranous
Hypoderma 2: 784
II. Spores filiform, nearly as long as the asci
1. Perithecia horizontally elongate, rarely ampulliform
a. Perithecia elongate
(1) Perithecia membranous, applanate Lophodermium 2: 791
(2) Perithecia subcarbonous, conchiform
Lophium 2: 799
(3) Perithecia subcoriaceous, depressed
(a) Perithecia subcorneous Sporomega 2: 801
(b) Perithecia subcarnose Colpoma 2: 803
b. Perithecia subspheroid or ampulliform
(1) Perithecia depressed spheroid, cleft longitudinal
Ostropa 2: 804
58 GRAPHIDACEAE
(2) Perithecia horizontally ampulliform, ostiole roundish
Robergea 2: 806
2. Perithecia vertically elongate, cylindric; cleft obsolete
a. Spores breaking apart into cells Microstelium 16: 672
b. Spores not breaking apart Acrospermum 2: 807
(Schizacrospermum 16: 672)
Family 29. GRAPHIDACEAE
ZAHLBRUCKNER 87
Mycelium parasitic on yellow green algae, forming a crustose, foliose or fruticose
thallus, the latter often immersed, or thallus lacking, and parasitic on lichens or on
bark; perithecia single or cespitose or united in a stroma, typically oblong to elongate
with a cleft-like opening, more rarely disk-shaped and with an irregular often stellate
opening, more or less carbonous.
I. Perithecia separate
1. Thallus lacking, parasitic on lichens or on bark
ig Subfamily Arthoniae 89, R. 414
a. Parasitic on lichens
1. Spores 1-celled Phacopsis R. 419
2. Spores 2-celled Conida R. 420
3. Spores 4-6-celled Celidium R. 425
b. On bark
1. Spores 2-celled Lecideopsis R. 432
2. Spores 2-several-septate Arthonia R. 435
3. Spores muriform Arthothelium R. 438
2. Thallus present, crustose, or uniform
a. Perithecia without an exciple, i. e., not margined
Subfamily Arthoniae 89
(1) Algae Palmella or Protococcus; spores colorless
(a) Spores 1-septate Allarthonia 91
(b) Spores several-septate *Plearthonis g1
(c) Spores muriform Allarthothelium 241
(2) Algae Chroolepus
(a) Spores transeptate
x. Spores colorless
(x) Spores I-septate *Diarthonis g1
(y) Spores 2-several-septate Arthonia 89
y. Spores brown Gymnographa 94
(b) Spores muriform. Arthothelium 91
(3) Algae Phyllactidium
(a) Spores I-septate *Merarthonis g1
(b) Spores 2-several-septate Arthoniopsis 91
b. Perithecia margined with a distinct proper exciple
Subfamily Graphidae 92
(1) Thallus without cortex
(a) Algae Palmella
x. Perithecia with a single hymenium
(x) Spores colorless
m. Spores 1-celled
GRAPHIDACEAE
(m) MHypothecium clear or brownish
Xylographa 93
(n) Hypothecium black, carbonous
Lithographa 93
n. Spores transeptate Aulaxina 94
(y) Spores dark
m. Spores transeptate Encephalographa 94
n. Spores finally muriform Xyloschistes 94
y. Perithecia with 2-4 parallel hymenia
(x) Spores r1-celled Ptychographa 94
(y) Spores transeptate Diplogramma 94
(b) Algae Chroolepus
x. Asci many-spored; spores filiform
Spirographa 96
y. Asci 1-8-spored
(x) Spores clear
m. Spores transeptate
(m) Paraphyses simple and not united
r. Ends of paraphyses little thickened, smooth
(r) Spores 1-septate *Digraphis 98
(s) Spores 2-several-septate
Graphis 96
s. Ends clavate and warted or spiny
*Psorographis 102
(n) Paraphyses branched and united
Opegrapha 94
n. Spores muriform
(m) Paraphyses simple and not united
r. Ends of paraphyses not thickened, smooth
Graphina 99
s. Ends of paraphyses clavate, warted or spiny
tAcanthothecis ror
(not Acanthothecium Speg.)
(n) Paraphyses branched and united
Helminthocarpum 102
(incl. Dictyographa 96)
(y) Spores dark
m. Spores t-septate Melaspilea 96
n. Spores 2-several-septate Phaeographis 99
o. Spores muriform Phaeographina 100
(c) Algae Phyllactidium: spores transeptate
x. Spores clear; paraphyses branched and united
Opegraphella 102
y. Spores dark; paraphyses simple and free
Micrographa 102
(2) Thallus with a cortex: algae Chroolepus
Subfamily Dirinae 105
(a) Spores elliptic to fusoid, 4-8-celled, clear
Dirina 106
59
60
3:
IT,
I.
GRAPHIDACEAE
(b) Spores similar but brown Dirinastrum 106
Thallus present, fruticose, erect Subfamily Roccellae 106
a. Hyphae of cortex parallel with thallus surface
(1) Perithecia elongate, furrowed; spores clear, 8-9-celled
Ingaderia 107
(2) Perithecia round
(a) Hypothecium black; spores clear
x. Exciple with algae Dendrographa 107
y. Exciple without algae Roccellaria 107
(b) Hypothecium clear; spores brown, spiny
Darbishirella 108
b. Hyphae perpendicular to surface
(1) Perithecia elongate, furrowed
(a) Perithecia immersed; hypothecium clear
Roccellographa 108
(b) Perithecia superficial; hypothecium black
Reinkella 108
(2) Perithecia round
(a) Spores clear; perithecia entire
x. Hypothecium black
(x) Thallus mostly crustose, slightly fruticose
Roccellina 108
(y) Thallus distinctly fruticose Roccella 10g
y. Hypothecium clear
(x) Algae present below the hypothecium
Pentagenella 110
(y) No algae below the hypothecium
Combea 109
(b) Spores brown or brownish; perithecia deeply lobed
x. Medulla clear throughout Schizopelte 110
y. Inner medullary layer black Simonyella 110
Perithecia in a stroma, mostly immersed Subfamily Chiodectae 102
Algae Chroolepus
a. Paraphyses simple and free
(1) Spores transeptate
(a) Spores clear Glyphis 103
(b) Spores brown Sarcographa 103
(2) Spores muriform
(a) Spores clear Enterodictyum 104
(b) Spores brown Sarcographina 103
b. Paraphyses branched and reticulately united
(1) Spores transeptate
(a) Spores colorless Chiodectum 104
(b) Spores brown or dark
x. Perithecia margined Sclerophytum 105
y. Perithecia marginless Synarthonia g1
(2) Spores muriform
(a) Spores clear Minksia 241
PHACIDIACEAE 61
(b) Spores brown Enterostigma 105
2. Algae Phyllactidium
a. Spores 2-celled; paraphyses simple and free
Pycnographa 105
b. Spores many-celled; paraphyses branched and united
Mazosia 105
Order 10. PEZIZALES
Mycelium various, but typically inconspicuous or invisible; propagaton by co-
nidia, but usually not in evidence; reproductive body or apothecium at first closed
and more or less globose, rarely elongate, then opening more or less completely into
a cup, saucer or disk, waxy or fleshy, more rarely carbonous, leathery or gelatinous ;
asci typically 8-spored and paraphysate; spores various.
Family 30. PHACIDIACEAE
REHM 60
Apothecia sunken, more or less erumpent, disk-like or elongate, single or grouped,
leathery or carbonous, black, firm, opening by lobes or by a rift; hypothecium poorlv
developed as a rule.
Hyalosporae
8: 705, 11: 431, 10: 48, 14: 813, 16: 783, 18: 155
Spores hyaline, 1-celled, globose to oblong
I. Apothecia concrete above with the epiderm
1. Apothecia and epiderm splitting radiately
Phacidium 8: 709
2. Apothecia and epiderm splitting circumscissilely
Stegia 8: 733
3. Apothecia and epiderm splitting irregularly
Cryptomyces 8: 707
TI. Apothecia and epiderm little or not at all concrete
Pseudophacidium R. 94
Phaeosporae
14: 814
Spores dark, 1-celled, oblong
I. Apothecia superficial, membranous, laciniate
Phaeophacidium 14: 814
Hyalodidymae
Spores hyaline, 1-septate, elliptic to oblong
I. Apothecia scutellate or oblong, laciniate Schizothyrium R. 75
(incl. Rhagadolobium 14: 816)
Phaeodidymae
Spores dark, 1-septate, elliptic to oblong
I. Apothecia in black foliicole spots Cocconia 8: 738
62 STICTIDACEAE
Il. Apothecia stellately erumpent through epiderm
Metadothella 18: 162
III. Apothecia and epiderm concrete, laciniate
Keithia 10: 49
Phragmosporae
8: 740
Spores typically hyaline, 2-several-septate, ovoid to oblong
I. Apothecia and epiderm concrete, laciniate
Sphaeropezia 8:740, R. 72
ll. Apothecia and epiderm not concrete, splitting irregularly
Pseudographis R. 90
Dictyosporae
8: 764, 16: 790
Spores muriform, typically hyaline, ovoid to oblong
I. Apothecia round to oblong, splitting irregularly ; aparaphysate
Dothiora 8: 764, R. 108
Scolecosporae
8:744, 10:51, 11: 432, 14: 817, 16: 789, 18: 163
Spores bacillar to filiform, typically hyaline, continuous or septate
I. Apothecia and epiderm concrete
1. Apothecia in black foliicole stroma-like spots
Rhytisma 8: 752, R. 82
(incl. Duplicaria 8: 764)
2. Apothecia not in stroma-like spots
a. Apothecia and epiderm laciniate Coccomyces 8: 744, R. 76
b. Apothecia and epiderm operculately circumscissile
Moutoniella 18: 163
II. Apothecia and epiderm not concrete
1. Apothecia round, laciniate Coccophacidium R. 97
2. Apothecia oblong to elongate, hysterioid
Clithris 18: 165, R. ror
Family 31. STICTIDACEAE
REHM II2
Apothecia sunken, finally more or less erumpent, round or elongate, single or
grouped, typically waxy, rarely membranous or leathery, white or bright-colored, at
least never black, splitting the epiderm laciniately or irregularly, hypothecium little
developed.
Subfamily Eustictidae
REHM II3
Apothecia waxy, not deeply sunken, finally opening widely, and exposing the
hymenium.
STICTIDACEAE
Hyalosporae
8:648, 10:44, 11: 428, 14: 806, 16: 776, 18: 146
Spores hyaline, 1-celled, globose to oblong
I. Spores globose
1. Asci 8-spored
2. Asci many-spored
II. Spores elliptic to oblong
1. Paraphyses long-pointed, much longer than the asci
Stegia 8: 733, R.155
Lindauella 16: 777
Flaminia 16: 777
2. Paraphyses blunt, swollen or branched
a. Paraphyses thread-shaped or forked
(1) Apothecia round
(a) Apothecia blackish; ascus pore blue with iodin
Trochila 8: 728, R. 127
(b) Apothecia bright-colored
x. Ascus pore blue with icdin
(x) Paraphyses forked, enlarged and colored above
Ocellaria 8:654, R. 133
(y) Paraphyses little if at all enlarged or colored
*Habrostictis R. 137
y. Ascus pore not blue with iodin
Naevia 8:658, R.145
(2) Apothecia oblong or elongate
(a) Hymenium blue with iodin
(b) Hymenium not blue with iodin
b. Paraphyses irregularly branched
(1) Asci 8-spored
(2) Asci many-spored
Xylographa 8: 664, R.153
Briardia 16: 776, R.151
Propolis 8: 648, R. 141
Propolina 8: 654
Phaeosporae
Spores 1-celled, dark, oblong Stictophacidium R, 1215
Didymosporae
8: 666, 10:45, 11: 428, 14: 808,16: 778, 18: 147
Spores I-septate, typically hyaline or bright-colored, oblong
I. Paraphyses lacking Coccopeziza 10: 45
II. Paraphyses present
1. Spores blue or green
2. Spores hyaline
a. Spores with 1-2 cilia at each end; hysterioid
Iridionia 16: 788
Ploettnera 16: 778
b. Spores muticate
(1) Paraphyses filiform or forked
(a) Apothecia round
-x. Asci not blue with iodin *Naeviella R. 164
y. Asci blue with iodin
(x) Ascus pore alone blue with iodin
Diplonaevia 8: 666, R. 161
(y) Whole hymenium blue with iodin
*Diplocryptis R. 158
63
STICTIDACEAE
(b) Apothecia rounded, with flexuose clefts
Lauterbachiella 16: 788
(2) Paraphyses irregularly branched
(a) Apothecia round; not blue with iodin
Propolidium 8: 667
(b) Apothecia elongate; ascus pore blue with iodin
*Xyloglyphis R.170
Phragmosporae
8: 669, 10: 46, 11: 429, 14: 808, 16: 778, 18: 148
Spores 2-several-septate, hyaline, rarely darkish, oblong to elongate
Eupropolis 8: 676
I. Spores somewhat fuscous
(incl. Janseella 16: 780)
II. Spores hyaline
1. Paraphyses filiform or forked
a. Asci not blue with iodin
b. Asci blue with iodin
(1) Ascus pore alone blue with iodin
*Merostictis R. 164
Phragmonaevia 8:674, R. 160
“ (2) Whole hymenium blue with iodin
Cryptodiscus 8: 669, R. 158
2. Paraphyses branched; apothecia elongate
Xylogramma 8:677, R. 169
Dictyosporae
8: 704, 11: 431, 14: 812, 16: 782, 18: 151
Spores muriform, typically hyaline, ovoid to oblong
I. Asci 1-spored Pleostictis 8: 703
II. Asci 8-spored
1. Apothecia oblong, hysterioid Melittiosporium 8: 704, R.172
2. Apothecia round
Platysticta 8: 703
a. Apothecia urceolate
b. Apothecia disk-like Delpontia 18: 151
Scolecosporae
8: 681, 10:46, 11: 420, 14:810, 16: 781, 18: 152
Spores bacillar or filiform, typically hyaline
I. Asci 8-spored
1. Apothecia pilose
2. Apothecia not pilose
a. Spore cells separating
b. Spore cells not separating
(1) Paraphyses filiform or nearly so; asci cylindric
Stictis 8: 681, R.175
(incl. Karstenia 8: 702, Cerion
18: 154)
(2) Paraphyses much branched; asci clavate
Naemacyclus 8: 701, R.173
Carestiella 14: 810
Lasiostictis 8: 696
Schizoxylum 8: 697, R. 181
II. Asci many-spored
TRYBLIDIACEAE—DERMATEACEAE 65
Subfamily Ostropae
ReumM 185
Apothecia membranous or leathery, deeply sunken, the scarcely opened tip alone
erumpent.
I. Spores t-celled, elliptic; asci clavate Laquearia R. 187
II. Spores many-celled, filiform; asci cylindric
1. Apothecia cask-shaped, partly erumpent Ostropa R. 188
2. Apothecia with only the thick ostiole erumpent
Robergea R. 189
Family 32. ‘TRYBLIDIACEAE
REHM IQI
Apothecia sunken, then erumpent, often lobed, brown or black, membranous or
horny; hypothecium well-developed, thick.
I. Apothecia scattered
1. Spores I-septate
a. Spores with a mucose covering *Tryblidis R. 194
b. Spores without a mucose covering Heterosphaeria R. 198
2. Spores 2-several-septate
a. Spores with a mucose covering Tryblidiopsis R. 193
b. Spores without a mucose covering Odontotrema R. 204
3. Spores muriform Tryblidium R. 196
4. Spores filiform *Odontura R. 207
II. Apothecia cespitose or stromate; spores bacillar or filiform
Scleroderris R. 208
Family 33. DERMATEACEAE
REHM 241
Apothecia sunken, then erumpent, cup-shaped to oblong, single or grouped, waxy,
leathery or horny, mostly brownish or black; hypothecium more or less developed.
Hyalosporae
8: 547, 10:36, 11: 422, 14:794, 16: 762, 18: 121
Spores hyaline, r-celled, globose to oblong
I. Apothecia large, usually stalked or radicate at base
1. Apothecia ear-shaped, more or less vertical, leathery
a. Spores ovoid to oblong Midotis 8: 547
b. Spores globose Midotiopsis 18: 121
2. Apothecia urceolate or turbinate
a. Apothecia stalked; exciple and hypothecium prosenchymatic
Urnula 8: 548
b. Apothecia stalked; exciple and hypothecium parenchymatic
Choriactis 18: 121
c. Apothecia sessile, hairy; exciple parenchymatic, hypothecium prosenchymatic
Scytopezis 18: 122
II. Apothecia small, sessile or nearly so
66 DERMATEACEAE—BULGARIACEAE
1. Asci 8-spored
a. Apothecia more or less corky Dermatea 8: 550, R. 246
b. Apothecia coriaceous to subcorneous Cenangium 8:556, R. 219
(incl. Ameghiniella 8: 584, Ephe-
lina 8: 585)
2. Asci many-spored, or 8-spored and many-spored
Tympanis 8: 578, R. 264
Phaeosporae
16: 764, 18: 127
Spores dark, r-celled, oblong
I. Apothecia coriaceous, erumpent Phaeangium 16: 764
Hyalodidymae
8: 587, 10:37, 11: 424, 14: 798, 18: 127
Spores hyaline, I-septate, elliptic to oblong
I. Apothecia patellate, coriaceous to corneous
Cenangella 8: 587
II. Apothecia elongate, cleft, subcorneous Angelinia 18: 129
Phaeodidymae
18: 128
Spores dark, I-septate, elliptic to oblong
I. Apothecia patellate, coriaceous Phaeangella 18: 128
Hyalophragmiae
8: 504, 16:765, 18: 129
Spores hyaline, 2-several-septate, elliptic to fusoid
I. Apothecia waxy-membranous, pilose, urceolate
Crumenula 8: 600, R. 235
Phaeophragmiae
2:757, R. 233
Spores dark, 2-several-septate, elliptic to fusoid
I. Apothecia hysterioid, cleft, coriaceous Tryblidiella R. 233
Scolecosporae
8: 601, 10:37, 11: 425, 18: 130
Spores filiform, hyaline or subhyaline
IT. Apothecia urceolate to cup-shaped, subcoriaceous
Godronia 8: 601, R. 237
II. Apothecia clavate, stipe corneous, disk submucose
Crinula 8: 606
Family 34. BULGARIACEAE
REHM 444
Apothecia mostly superficial, cup-shaped to disk-shaped, usually smooth, gelati-
nous-fleshy or gelatinous-waxy, horn-like when dry; hypothecium gelatinous, more
or less developed.
BULGARIACEAE 67
Hyalosporae
4: 609, 10:38, 11: 425, 14: 801, 16: 766, 18: 131
Spores hyaline, 1-celled, globose to oblong
I. Spores globose Pulparia 8: 612
II. Spores elliptic to bacillar
1. Apothecia in a lens-shaped gelatinous stroma
Physmatomyces 16:770
2. Apothecia not in a stroma
a. Exciple lacking
(1) Asci 8-spored
(a) Apothecia microscopic, margined by changed paraphyses
Gloeopeziza 10: 41
(b) Apothecia larger; paraphyses not modified
Agyrium 8: 634, R. 450
(2) Asci 16-spored *Agyrina 8: 636
b. Exciple present
(1) Lichenicole Ahlesia 8: 633
(2) Not lichenicole
(a) <Apothecia stipitate Ombrophila 8:613, R. 475
(incl. Stamnaria 8: 620, R. 465)
(b) Apothecia sessile
x. <Asci 8-spored
(x) Apothecia smooth outside
m. Apothecia with an even disk
Orbilia 8:621, R. 453
(incl. Bulgariopsis 18: 135)
n. Apothecia with a much folded disk
Haematomyces 8: 633
(y) Apothecia veined or roughened outside
m. Apothecia 1-2 cm. wide Gloeocalyx 18: 132
nu. Apothecia 2-9 cm. wide Sarcosoma 10:42, R. 497
y. Asci many-spored *Myridium 8: 631
Phaeosporae
8: 636, 10: 41, 14: 804, 16:770, 18: 140
Spores dark, 1-celled, elliptic to fusoid
I. Apothecia turbinate, substipitate, closed at first, large
Bulgaria 8: 636, R. 494
II. Apothecia disciform, sessile, open at first, smaller
Bulgariella 8: 638
Hyalodidymae
8: 639, 10:42, II: 427, 14: 805, 16: 771, 18: 142
Spores hyaline or subhyaline, 1-septate, elliptic to fusoid
J. Parasitic, urn-shaped; paraphyses forming an epithecium
Paryphedria 10: 43, R. 484
II. Saprophytic, disciform; epithecium lacking
Calloria 8: 639, R. 462
68 BULGARIACEAE—PATELLARIACEAE
Phaeodidymae
10: 42, 16:771, 18: 142
Spores brown, 1I-septate, elliptic to fusoid
1. Apothecia subturbinate, sessile Sorokinia 10: 42
Phragmosporae
8:641, 10: 43, 11: 427, 16:773, 18:143
Spores typically hyaline, 2-several-septate, fusoid
I. Apothecia turbinate to disciform Coryne 8: 641, R. 485
Hyalodictyae
18: 145
Spores hyaline, muriform, ovoid
I. Apothecia cupulate to plane Dictyonia 18: 144
Phaeodictyae
8:646, 10:44, 18: 144
Spores dark, muriform, ovoid to oblong
Hymenium sinuate-gyrose, not margined Haematomyxa 8: 646
II. Hymenium smooth, acute-margined Sarcomyces 10: 44
Scolecosporae
8: 646, 14: 805, 16: 775, 18: 145
Spores filiform, typically hyaline
I. Apothecia without an exciple Agyriopsis 14: 805
II. Exciple present
1. Apothecia dark or black; spores medium
Holwaya 8: 646
2. Apothecia gray or bright-colored; spores very long
Ophiogloea 18: 145
Family 35. PATELLARIACEAE
REHM 277
Apothecia mostly superficial, cupulate to disk-shaped, more rarely boat-shaped
or oblong, usually dark or black, carbonous, leathery, corneous or waxy; hypothecium
typically well-developed.
Hyalosporae
8: 769, 10:52, 11: 433, 14: 818, 16: 791, 18: 165
Spores hyaline, 1-celled, globose to oblong
I. Asci many-spored
1. Spores globose Biatorella 8: 469, R. 303
2. Spores allantoid Biatorellina 18:172
JI. Asci 8-spored
1. Apothecia oblong to elongate, cleft Placographa R. 313
2. Apothecia round
a. Parasitic on lichen thalli
(1) Exciple present Rhymbocarpus 14: 819
PATELLARIACEAE
(2) Exciple lacking Nesolechia 10:53, R.315
b. Saprophytic
(1) Paraphyses branched, forming an epithecium
(a) Asci club-shaped
x. Subicle absent Patinella 8: 769, R. 310
y. Subicle present, radiate Actinoscypha 8:774
(b) Asci cylindric Starbaeckia 10:53
(2) Paraphyses simple; epithecium none
Psilothecium 18: 168
Phaeosporae
10:55
Spores dark, 1-celled, globose to elliptic
1. Apothecia patellate, margined, biack Lagerheimia 10:55
Hyalodidymae
8:770, 10:56, 11: 434, 14: 820, 16: 792, 18: 173
Spores hyaline, 1-septate, elliptic to fusoid
J. Parasitic on lichen thalli
Scutula R. 321
II. Not lichenicole
1. Apothecia smooth, saprophytic Patellea 8: 783, R. 283
2. Apothecia setose, parasitic on leaves Johansonia 8: 785
Phaeodidymae
8:779, 10:56, 11: 434, 14: 820, 16:792, 18: 173
Spores dark, 1-septate, elliptic to fusoid
I. Asci 8-spored
1. Apothecia on a foliicole radiate subicle Woodiella 16: 794
2. Apothecia not on a subicle
a. Apothecia round
(1) Apothecia superficial
(a) Saprophytic
(b) Parasitic on lichens
(2) Apothecia sunken, then erumpent
(a) Parasitic on lichens Abrothallus 8: 739, R. 358
(b) Saprophytic Caldesia R. 289
b. Apothecia elliptic to linear
(1) Apothecia irregularly elliptic or oblong
Melaspilea 10:58, R. 362
(2) Apothecia boat-shaped to linear Hysteropatella R. 367
II. Asci 16-spored
III. Asci many-spored
Karschia 8:779, R. 345
*Epilichen 18: 177, R. 350
Ravenelula 8: 782
*Pleospilis 18: 179
Hyalophragmiae
8: 786, 10:59, 11: 434, 14: 821, 16: 795, 18: 179
Spores hyaline, 2-several-septate, elliptic to fusoid
1 Parasitic on lichens
Mycobilimbia 10:60, R. 327
II. Saprophytic
70 PATELLARIACEAE—CALICIACEAE
1. Apothecia twisted when dry Durella 8: 790, R. 286
2. Apothecia not contorted Patellaria R. 329
(incl. Lecanidion 8: 795)
Phaeophragmiae
8: 786, 10:59, I1: 434, 14: 821, 16: 795, 18: 179
Spores dark, 2-several-septate, elliptic to fusoid
I. Asci 8-spored
1. Margin of cup involute, densely costate-rugose
Rhytidopeziza 10: 65
2. Margin not costate-rugose
a. Apothecia erumpent Pseudotryblidium 10:65, R. 370
b. Apothecia superficial ;
(1) Parasitic typically on lichens
(a) Apothecia round Leciographa 10:61, R. 372
(b) Apothecia elliptic to elongate *Lecoglyphis R. 380
(2) Saprophytic *Mycolecis, R. 372, 10: 61
II. Asci many-spored
Dictyosporae
8: 802, 11: 435, 14: 823, 18: 185
Spores hyaline or subhyaline, muriform, ovoid to oblong
I. Apothecia laciniate, depressed-spheroid Blitrydium 8: 802
II. Apothecia not laciniate, patellate Tryblidaria 18: 186
Scolecosporae
8: 807, 10:65, 11: 435, 14: 823, 16: 798
Spores hyaline or subhyaline, bacillar to filiform
I. Spores separating at the joints Bactrospora 10:67, R. 344
II. Spores not separating
1. Apothecia sessile
a. Parasitic ‘ Mycobacidia 10:66, R. 337
b. Saprophytic Pragmopara R. 339
(incl. Scutularia 8: 807)
2. Apothecia stalked, turbinate
a. Parasitic *Parathalle R. 343
b. Saprophytic Lahmia 10: 65, R. 341
Family 36. CALICIACEAE
REHM 388, ZAHLBRUCKNER 80
Mycelium inconspicuous and saprophytic, or parasitic on algae, forming a powdery,
crustose, foliose or fruticose thallus; apothecia sessile or stalked, cup- to top-shaped,
opening more or less completely, asci disappearing very early and the disk then
covered with a persistent mass of spores and paraphyses, i. e., mazaedium; exciple
prosenchymatic, horny, proper or thalline.
I. Mycelium saprophytic, at least not forming a thallus
1. Spores 1-celled, globose or globoid
CALICIACEAE
a. Spores clear or merely yellowish
(1) Algae present but not forming a thallus
Farriolla 83
(2) Algae lacking
(a) Asci long and slender stalked, ovoid above
Caliciopsis R. 388
(b) Asci cylindric Roesleria 8: 826, R. 396
b. Spores dark
(1) Apothecia black, nearly sessile Sphinctrina 83, R. 389
(2) Apothecia bright-colored, with a slender stalk
*Eucyphelis R. 392
(Cyphelium Rehm)
2. Spores typically 2-several-celled
a. Spores 2-celled
(1) Apothecia sessile Acolium R. 398
(2) Apothecia with a slender stalk Mycocalicium R. 4o1
b. Spores 3-several-celled Stenocybe 82 R. 413
II. Mycelium forming a thallus with algae
1. Thallus crustose
a. Spores t-celled, globose or globoid
(1) Asci 8-spored
(a) Spores dark; disk more or less flat
x. Apothecia stalked Chaenotheca 81
y. Apothecia sessile *Holocyphis 84
(b) Spores clear or yellowish; disk globose
Coniocybe 82
(2) Asci many-spored Tylophorella 85
b. Spores 2-several-celled, transeptate or muriform
(1) Spores transeptate
(a) Spores 2-celled, dark or brown
x. Apothecia stalked
(x) Apothecia long-stalked Calicium 81
(y) Apothecia with short thick stalk
Pyrgidium 83
y. Apothecia sessile
(x) Algae Pleurococcus Cyphelium 83
(y) Algae Chroolepus
m. Proper exciple alone present
*Dipyrgis 84
n. Thalline exciple also present
*Ditylis 84
(b) Spores 3-many-celled
x. Proper exciple alone present Pyrgillus 84
y. Thalline exciple also present Tylophorum 84
(2) Spores muriform Pseudacolium 8&4
2. Thallus foliose
a. Thallus of horizontal scales with marginal apothecia
Calycidium 85
71
72 CHRYSOTRICHACEAE—COLLEMATACEAE
b. Horizontal scales sterile; apothecia on cylindric podetia
Tholurna 85
3. Thallus fruticose
a. Thallus hollow; apothecia on the under side
Pleurocybe 85
b. Thallus with solid medulla; apothecia terminal
(1) Apothecia without thalline covering, goblet-like
Acroscyphus 86
(2) Apothecia enclosed in a globose thalline exciple, which finally opens
irregularly at the top Sphaerophorus 86
Family 37. CHRYSOTRICHACEAE
ZAHLBRUCKNER II7, 127
Apothecia disk-form, margined, asci persistent; mazaedium lacking, thallus
uniform, cobwebby, cottony or spongy, loose, without layers, algae Palmella, Pleuro-
coccus, Chroolepus or Cladophora.
I. Thallus with Palmella or Pleurococcus
1. Spores 1-celled Crocynia 242
2. Spores 2-4-celled Chrysothrix 117
II. Thallus with Chroolepus; spores clear
1. Spores 1-celled *Holocoenis 128
2. Spores 2-celled Coenogonium 127
III. Thallus with Cladophora; apothecia lacking
Racodium 128
Family 38. COLLEMATACEAE
ZAHLBRUCKNER 154, 158, 167, 168
Apothecia disk-form or pitcher-form, with persistent asci; thallus more or less
gelatinous when moist, mostly without layers, always with blue-green algae, scaly,
foliose or fruticose, rarely crustose.
I. Algae Gloeocapsa, Chroococcus or Xanthocapsa; spores typically 1-celled, colorless
Subfamily Pyrenopsidae 158
1. Algae Gloeocapsa
a. Thallus crustose, scaly or dwarf fruticose
(1) Spores t-celled
(a) Asci 8-spored Pyrenopsis 159
(b) Asci 32-spored *Pleopyrenis 160
(2) Spores 2-celled Cryptothele 159
b. Thallus foliose, of a single leaf; spores clear, 1-celled
Phylliscidium 160
c. Thallus fruticose, with rhizoids; spores clear, 1-celled
Synalissa 160
2. Algae Chroococcus
a. Thallus crustose; apothecia more or less open
Pyrenopsidium 160
b. Thallus foliose, of one leaf. umbilicate; apothecia closed
Phylliscum 161
3:
II.
I.
2.
COLLEMATACEAE
Algae Xanthocapsa
a. Thallus crustose
(1) Spores 1-celled
(a) Hymenium covered with a mass of algae and hyphae
Gonohymenia 161
(b) Hymenium without epithecial mass
x. Thallus pseudoparenchymatic at margin
Forssellia 161
y. Thallus nowhere pseudoparenchymatic
Psorotichia 161
(2) Spores 2-celled; apothecia closed Collemopsidium 161
b. Thallus of one leaf, umbilicate, often lobed
(1) Thallus pseudoparenchymatic Anema 162
(2) Thallus not pseudoparenchymatic
(a) Spores 1-celled
x. Hyphae loose, net-like at margin
Thyrea 162
y. Hyphae perpendicular to the margin
Jenmania 162
(b) Spores 2-celled Paulia 163
c. Thallus fruticose, branched, upright
(1) Thallus without layers
(a) Asci 8-spored Peccania 163
(b) <Asci 12-many-spored *Pleoconis 164
(2) Thallus layered, with a cortex Phloeopeccania 164
Thallus with Nostoc; spores clear Subfamily Collematae 168
Apothecia with proper exciple only, biatorin
a. Spores i-celled
(1) Spores globose to fusoid, straight
(a) Thallus crustose, scarcely gelatinous
Leprocollema 170
(b) Thallus scaly or dwarf fruticose, gelatinous
Leciophysma 170
(2) Spores needle-shaped, twisted Koerberia 173
b. Spores transeptate, 2-many-celled
(1) Spores 2-celled; thallus without cortex
Homothecium 171
(2) Spores 4-8-celled; thallus with cortex
Arctomia 173
Apothecia with thalline exciple, lecanorin
a. Spores t1-celled
(1) Thallus scaly or dwarf fruticose; spores thin-walled
(a) Thallus without cortex Physma 170
(b) Thallus with pseudoparenchymatic cortex
Lemmopsis 171
(2) Thallus large-leaved; spores thick-walled or mucose
Dichodium 171
b. Spores transeptate to muriform
(1) Thallus without cortex
73
74 COLLEMATACEAE
(a) Spores 2-celled *Dicollema 172
(b) Spores transeptate, many-celled Collema 171
(c) Spores muriform Blennothallia 172
(2) Thallus with a pseudoparenchymatic cortex on one or both sides or
pseudoparenchymatic throughout
(a) Spores transeptate, 3-many-celled
Leptogiopsis 175
(b) Spores muriform Leptogium 174
III. Thallus with Scytonema or Stigonema; spores colorless
Subfamily Ephebae 154
1. Thallus crustose to scaly
a. Thallus uniform, not corticate
(1) Spores 1-celled Pterygiopsis 157
(2) Spores 4-celled Petractis 124
b. Thallus corticate above Porocyphus 157
2. Thallus dwarf fruticose, much branched, dark
a. Apothecia sunken in swellings of the thallus
(1) Spores 1-celled; paraphyses present
Ephebeia 155
(2) Spores 2-3-celled Ephebe 155
b. Apothecia superficial
(1) Thallus without pseudoparenchymatic cortex or central medulla
(a) Paraphyses capitate, septate Spilonema 154
(b) Paraphyses filiform, not septate
Thermutis 154
(2) Thallus with large-celled pseudoparenchymatic cortex and central medulla
(a) Cortex of one row of cells; spores 2-celled
Leptodendriscum 155
(b) Cortex of several rows
x. Spores 1-celled Leptogidium 156
y. Spores 2-celled Polychidium 156
TV. Algae Rivularia; spores clear Subfamily Lichinae 164
1. Apothecia disk-form; thallus scaly to granular
a. Apothecia with proper exciple; algae horizontal
Pterygium 165
b. Apothecia with thalline exciple; algae erect
Steinera 166
2. Apothecia almost perithecioid; thallus dwarf fruticose
a. Algae in the middle of the thallus and parallel with the long axis of the
branches Lichinodium 166
b. Algae absent from the middle but marginal beneath the cortex
(1) Algae parallel with the long axis of the branches
Lichina 167
(2) Algae perpendicular to the long axis
(a) Paraphyses present Lichinella 166
(b) Paraphyses absent Homopsella 167
PELTOPHORACEAE 75
Family 39. PELTOPHORACEAE
ZAHLBRUCKNER 122, 176, 190
Thallus firm, not at all gelatinous, crustose or foliose, more or less lobed and
somewhat erect at the margin but never truly fruticose, typically attached to the
substratum by rhizoids or by a navel, with a pseudoparenchymatic cortex on one or
both sides or pseudoparenchymatic throughout; apothecia typically sunken in the
thallus or grown together with it on the whole under side, more or less margined
by the thallus, but a proper exciple lacking.
I. Thallus uniform to crustose; algae Protococcus, rarely Pleurococcus
Subfamily Ectolechiae 122
1. Spores transeptate, usually 2-3-celled
a. Paraphyses not branched
(1) Paraphyses free; no algae below the hypothecium
Asterothyrium 123
(2) Paraphyses united; algae below the hypothecium
Lecaniella 124
b. Paraphyses branched and united
(1) Spores 2-celled Actinoplaca 124
(2) Spores many-celled Tapellaria 243
2. Spores muriform
a. Asci I-spored; hypothecium without algae
(1) Paraphyses unbranched, free Lopadiopsis 123
(2) Paraphyses branched, united
(a) Epithecium without algae Sporopodium 123
(b) Epithecium with algae *Gonothecis 123
b. Asci 8-spored; hypothecium with algae below
Arthotheliopsis 124
II. Thallus foliose or foliose scaly, rarely subfruticose; algae typically bluegreen,
rarely bright-green
1. Apothecia not marginal; thallus pseudoparenchymatic throughout
Subfamily Heppiae 176
One genus, parasitic on Scytonema Heppia 177
2. Apothecia typically marginal or even with the thallus; thallus layered
Subfamily Peltophorae 190
a. Thallus foliose, usually large-leaved
(1) Apothecia on the upper side of the thallus
(a) Apothecia marginal on lobes of thallus; lower surface of thallus
without cortex
x. Algae Nostoc tPeltophora 194
(Peltigera)
y. Algae Palmella (Dactylococcus) *Chloropeltis 194
(b) Apothecia superficial; lower surface with cortex below the apothecia
x. Algae Nostoc Solorina 192
. Algae Palmella Solorinina 192
(2) Apothecia on the under side of elongate thallus lobes; thallus com-
pletely corticate on both sides
x. Algae Nostoc Nephromium 194
76 LECIDEACEAE
y. Algae Palmella Nephroma 193
b. Thallus minute, small triangular scales radiating from the apothecium
(1) Asci 8-spored; spores brownish, 4-6-celled
Asteristium 191
(2) Asci many-spored; spores clear, 2-celled
Solorinella 192
Family 40. LECIDEACEAE
ZAHLBRUCKNER I14, 120, 138, 144
Thallus firm, not gelatinous, crustose, scaly or foliose, exceptionally dwarf
fruticose, with rhizoids or a navel in the larger forms, with or without cortex; apo-
thecia superficial or somewhat sunken at first, with a characteristic proper exciple,
very rarely lacking, but without a thalline exciple. The absence of the latter dis-
tinguishes this family from the Parmeliaceae.
I. Thallus uniform or crustose
1. Algae Chroolepus or Phyllactidium Subfamily Lecanactidae 114
a. Proper exciple lacking, or rudimentary and lateral
(1) Spores transeptate; exciple mostly absent
Schismatomma 115
(2) Spores muriform; exciple thin, complete
Melampydium 116
b. Proper exciple well-developed, carbonous
(1) Spores 2-celied Arthoniactis 115
(2) Spores 4-many-celled Lecanactis 115
(3) Spores needle-shaped *Scolecactis 115
2. Algae Pleurococcus or Palmella Subfamily Lecideae 129
Thallus uniform-crustose, loose, without cortex; spores clear, fusoid, 4-celled
a.
Pilocarpum 116
b. Thallus typically crustose, firm
(1) Asci 1-8-spored, rarely 16-32-spored
(a) Spores 1-celled
x. Spores clear
(x) Asci 1-2-spored; spores large, thick-walled
Mycoblastus 133
(y) Asci 8-spored
m. Exciple black, carbonous Lecidea 130
n. Exciple clear or colored, not carbonous
Biatora 132
(z) Asci 16-32-spored *Pleolecis 132
y. Spores brown Orphniospora 133
(b) Spores 2-celled
x. Spores clear
(x) Paraphyses simple
m. Spores thick-walled, large Megalospora 134
n. Spores thin-walled, small
(m) Thallus with cortex *Diphloeis 136
(n) Thallus without cortex
LECIDEACEAE 77
r. Exciple and hypothecium dark or black
Catillaria 133
s. Exciple and hypothecium clear or bright
Biatorina 134
(y) Paraphyses branched, in a slimy hymenium
*Diphanis 138
y. Spores brown; paraphyses branched
*Diphaeis 138
(c) Spores 4-many-celled
x. Spores elliptic to long-fusoid
(x) Thallus not corticate, crustose-uniform
m. Spores thin-walled Bacidia 135
n. Spores thick-walled Bombyliospora 136
(y) Thallus corticate, warty to scaly
Toninia 136
y. Spores needle-shaped or filiform
tScolecosporis 136
(Scoliciosporum)
(d) Spores muriform
x. Spores clear
(x) Spores with mucus covering; paraphyses branched
*Phalodictyum 138
(y) Spores without mucus cover; paraphyses simple
Lopadium 137
y. Spores brown, mucose Rhizocarpum 137
(2) Asci many-spored
(a) Exciple bright-colored, soft Biatorella 151
(b) Exciple dark or black, hard Sporostatia 152
II. Thallus scaly or foliose; algae Pleurococcus or Palmella
Subfamily Phyllopsorae 138
1. Thallus scaly, with rhizoids; disk even
a. Spores t1-celled
(1) Hypothecium pseudoparenchymatic
Phyllopsora 138
(2) Hypothecium not pseudoparenchymatic
(a) Exciple clear or bright Psoromaria 183
(b) Exciple dark or black Psora 132
b. Spores transeptate Psorella 139
2. Thallus mostly with one large leaf; disk often furrowed
Subfamily Gyrophorae 147
a. Spores r-celled; disk furrowed in most of the species
Gyrophora 147
b. Spores transeptate
(1) Spores 2-many-celled, colorless *Merophora 148
(2) Spores 2-celled, brown Dermatiscum 149
c. Spores muriform, dark Umbilicaria 149
JU. Thallus dwarf fruticose, of low erect slightly branched podetia, horizontal
thallus lacking; spores clear, 2-celled Sphaerophoropsis 133
78 CLADONIACEAE—PARMELIACEAE
Family 41. CLADONIACEAE
ZAHLBRUCKNER 139
Thallus of two kinds, one horizontal on the substratum, crustose, scaly to foli-
ose, the other consisting of erect clubshaped, cupshaped or filiform, simple or branched
podetia; algae typically Pleurococcus; apothecia terminal or lateral, mostly con-
vex to globose, with proper exciple only, except in Chlorocaulum; spores colorless.
Tt. Apothecia with proper exciple
1. Podetia short, simple, rarely forked; apothecia terminal
a. Podetia equal, not broadened above
(1) Podetia covering the surface
(a) Hypothecium clear
x. Spores t-celled Baeomyces 140
y. Spores transeptate
(x) Spores elliptic to rod-shaped
m. Spores 2-celled *Dibaeis 140
n. Spores 4-celled
(m) Algae bluegreen *Cyanobaeis 141
(n) Algae yellow-green Heteromyces 141
(y) Spores filiform, many-celled
Gomphyllus 141
(b) Hypothecium dark; spores 1-celled
Pilophorum 142
(2) Podetia marginal on a foliose thallus
Gymnoderma 142
b. Podetia broadened above into lobes or tongues bearing the hymenium on
one side
(1) No algae below the hymenium; medulla uniform
Glossodium 142
(2) Algae below the hymenium; medulla with thicker strands
Thysanothecium 142
2. Podetia funnelform, cupshaped or more or less branched, large
a. Spores 1-celled; podetia hollow Cladonia 143
b. Spores 4-many-celled Stereocaulum 146
c. Spores muriform Argopsis 146
II. Apothecia with thalline exciple *Chlorocaulum 146
Family 42. PARMELIACEAE
ZAHLBRUCKNER 118, 124, 150, 195, 190, 207, 216
Thallus of one kind, podetia lacking, firm, not gelatinous, crustose, scaly, foli-
ose or fruticose, often with rhizoids, typically layered, algae typically yellow green,
but bluegreen in two subfamilies; apothecia characterized by a thalline exciple, which
is rarely lacking, superficial, rarely immersed
I. Thallus typically crustose, sometimes scaly or lobed at the margin
1. Algae Pleurococcus or Palmella, rarely Protococcus
a. Asci I-32-spored, mostly 8-spored
(1) Disk conspicuous, not perithecioid Subfamily Leanorae 199
(a) Spores 1-celled
PARMELIACEAE 79
x. Asci 1-8-spored
(x) Paraphyses simple, free
m. Spores straight, elliptic to oblong
(m) Thallus bright yellow; pycnoconidia elliptic
Candelariella 207
(n) Thallus rarely bright yellow; conidia filiform
r. Cortex not pseudoparenchymatic
Lecanora 201
s. Cortex pseudoparenchymatic
Psoroma 183
n. Spores crescent to falcate
Harpidium 199
(y) Paraphyses branched and united
Ochrolechia 203
y. Asci 12-many-spored *Myriolecis 202
(b) Spores 2-celled
x. Paraphyses simple, free
(x) Sterigmata exobasidial Lecania 204
(y) Sterigmata endobasidial Icmadophila 204
(incl. Placolecania 205)
y. Paraphyses branched, united Calenia 205
(c) Spores 4-many-celled
x. Apothecia superficial
(x) <Asci 1-8-spored
m, Thallus with cortex Haematomma 205
n. Thallus without cortex
(m) Paraphyses forked; spores moniliform, 30-40-celled
Conotrema 121
(n) Paraphyses simple; spores not moniliform, 8-30-celled
*Adermatis 204
(y) Asci 16-32-spored *Dyslecanis 204
y. Apothecia immersed; thallus without cortex
(x) Paraphyses simple, free Phlyctella 206
(y) Paraphyses branched and united
Phlyctidia 206
(d) Spores muriform
x. Spores clear, at least not dark
(x) Apothecia superficial, broad
Myxodictyum 206
(y) Apothecia immersed, small Phlyctis 206
y. Spores dark Diploschistes 122
(2) Disk small, more or less closed and perithecioid; apothecia mostly sunk-
en in warts Subfamily Pertusariae 195
(a) Spores r-celled
x. Paraphyses simple, free Perforaria 195
y. Paraphyses branched and united
Pertusaria 195
80 PARMELIACEAE
(b) Spores 2-celled; paraphyses branched and united
Varicellaria 198
b. Asci many-spored; spores I-celled, more rarely 2-celled
Subfamily Acarosporae 150
(1) Apothecia superficial
(a) Thallus bright yellow *Pleochroma 207
(b) Thallus not bright yellow Maronea 152
(2) Apothecia typically immersed, with mostly narrow disk
Acarospora 152
2. Algae Chroolepus or Phyllactidium; apothecia with thalline exciple, at least
when young Subfamily Gyalectae 124
(incl. Thelotremae 118)
a. Thalline exciple present and persistent
(1) Spores 1-celled Jonaspis 125
(2) Spores 2-celled *Ocellis 118
(3) Spores 4-many-celled
(a) Spores clear
x. Apothecia sprouting repeatedly from the margin, forming erect forked
chains of apothecia Polystroma 121
y. Apothecia not in chains
(x) Algae Chroolepus
m. Exciple and hypothecium clear
Ocellularia 118
n. Exciple and hypothecium dark, hard
Sagiolechia 126
(y) Algae Phyllactidium Phyllophthalmaria 120
(b) Spores brown Phaeotrema 119
(4) Spores muriform
(a) Spores clear
x. Paraphyses simple, free Thelotrema 119
y. Paraphyses branched and united
*Phanotylium 121
(b) Spores dark or brown
x. Paraphyses simple, free Leptotrema 120
y. Paraphyses branched and united
(x) Apothecia sunken in groups in a stroma
Tremotylium 120
(y) Apothecia not in a stroma
Gyrostomum 120
b. Thalline exciple present at first, then more or less completely disappearing
(1) Asci 1-8-spored
(a) Spores 2-celled Microphiale 125
(b) Spores 4-many-celled Bryophagus 126
(c) Spores muriform Gyalecta 125
(2) Asci 12-many-spored
(a) Spores 2-celled Ramonia 125
(b) Spores 6-many-celled Pachyphiale 126
{I. Thallus typically foliose or fruticose, sometimes small-leaved or scaly; thalline
exciple sometimes lacking
PARMELIACEAE 81
1. Algae Pleurococcus, Protococcus, Palmella or Cystococcus
a. Asci many-spored; apothecia cespitose on a one-leaved thallus
Glypholecia 153
b. Asci 1-32-spored
(1) Thallus foliose, horizontal or upright, rarely fruticose, typically dor-
siventral
(a) Thallus with cyphellae or pseudocyphellae or furnished with well-
developed clubshaped cephalodia
x. Lower side of thallus with cyphellae or pseudocyphellaé
(x) Apothecia with thalline exciple
m. Spores 2-celled
(m) Spores clear *Diphanosticta 189
(n) Spores brown *Diphaeosticta 189
n. Spores 4-many-celled
(m) Spores clear *Phanosticta 189
(n) Spores brown Sticta 188
(y) Apothecia with proper exciple only
*Dysticta 189
y. Lower side of thallus without cyphellae or pseudocyphellae; thallus
typically with cephalodia
(x) Algae Protococcus Lobaria 185
(y) Algae Cystococcus, i. e., in mucose colonies
*Cystolobis 188
(b) Thallus typically without cyphellae, pseudocyphellae, and cephalodia
Subfamily Parmeliae 207
x. Asci 16-32-spored Candelaria 209
y. Asci 2-8-spored
(x) Cortex on both sides of thallus
m. Apothecia superficial
(m) Lower cortex more or less cellular, usually with rhizoids
Parmelia 211
(incl. Parmeliopsis 209)
(n) Lower cortex without rhizoids, spongy, of net-like hyphae
Anzia 213
n. Apothecia marginal or terminal; thallus often fruticose
(m) Disks upright from the beginning
Cetraria 214
(n) Disks on the under side of thallus lobes, later upright by
the twisting of the lobes
Nephromopsis 216
(y) Cortex on the upper side alone
m. <Apothecia superficial; lower surface without cyphellae
Physcidia 209
n. Apothecial terminal; cyphellae on lower side
Heterodea 208
(2) Thallus fruticose, erect or hanging, often long and hair-like; radial,
rarely dorsiventral in structure Subfamily Usneae 216
(a) Spores i-celled or unknown
82
2.
a.
PARMELIACEAE
x. Medulla traversed by varying solid strands
Letharia 218
y. Medulla uniform without strands
(x) Cortex formed of hyphae running lengthwise
m. Spores clear; asci 8-spored
Bryopogon 219
n. Spores brownish; asci 4-spored
Alectoria 219
(y) Cortex of hyphae more or less perpendicular to the long axis,
pseudoparenchymatic
m. Medulla of hyphae running lengthwise
(m) Medulla loose, not horny; apothecia unknown
Thamnolia 225
(n) Medulla firm, horny
r. Thallus low, podetium-like; apothecia unknown
Siphula 225
s. Thallus fruticose, elongate; apothecia known
(r) Thallus dorsiventral, without fibrous branches; medulla
and cortex not separable
Everniopsis 218
(s) Thallus radial, usually with fibrous branches; medulla
and cortex readily separable :
Usnea 223
n. Medulla of hyphae running in all directions
(m) Thallus more or less hollow
r. Thallus swollen, tubular
Dactylina 218
s. Thallus not swollen and tubular
(r) Thallus fruticose, erect
Dufourea 218
(s) Thallus podetium-like; apothecia unknown
Endocena 226
(n) Thallus flattened, not hollow, dorsiventral
Evernia 217
(b) Spores 2-celled Ramalina 220
(c) Spores muriform, brown, large; asci 1-spored
Oropogon 220
Algae bluegreen, Scytonema or Nostoc
Thallus large-leaved, with cyphellae, pseudocyphellae or cephalodia
(1) Lower side of thallus with cyphellae or pseudocyphellae
(a) Apothecia with thalline exciple
x. Spores clear, bacillar to acicular, 2-8-celled
*Podostictina 189
y. Spores brown
(x) Spores 2-celled Stictina 189
(y) Spores 4-celled *Merostictina 189
(b) Apothecia with proper exciple only
*Dystictina 190
PARMELIACEAE—PHYSCIACEAE 83
(2) Cyphellae or pseudocyphellae absent; cephalodia usually present
(a) Apothecia with thalline exciple
*Phycodiscis 188
(b) Apothecia with proper exciple only
Lobarina 188
b. Thallus scaly to small-leafy, sometimes crustose, exceptionally large-leafy,
without cyphellae, etc. Subfamily Pannariae 178
(1) Lower surface of thallus scarcely or not at all veined; spores 1-2-celled
(a) Upper cortex well-developed, distinct
x. Upper cortex with hyphae perpendicular to it
(x) Upper cortex hairy or pilose
Erioderma 183
(y) Upper cortex not hairy
m. Apothecia with thalline exciple
(m) Spores t-celled; algae Nostoc
Pannaria 181
(n) Spores 2-celled; algae Scytonema
Massalongia 183
n. Apothecia with proper exciple only
(m) Spores 1-celled Parmeliella 181
(n) Spores 2-many-celled Placynthium 181
y. Upper cortex of horizontal hyphae
Coccocarpia 184
(b) Upper cortex indistinct; algae occupying nearly the whole width of
the thallus Lepidocellema 180
(2) Lower surface of thallus with distinct forked veins; spores 4-celled
Hydrothyria 184
Family 43. PHYSCIACEAE
ZAHLBRUCKNER 226-234
Thallus crustose, foliose or fruticose, as in Parmeliaceae; apothecia mostly
lecanorin, sometimes with proper exciple alone; spores normally 2-celled, with more
or less thickened cross-wall, often traversed by a line-like canal, or exceptionally
I-many-celled or muriform
J. Spores 2-celled
1. Spores clear
a. Thallus without cortex, uniform or crustose
(1) Apothecia with thalline exciple Caloplaca 227
(2) Apothecia with proper exciple only
Blastenia 226
b. Thallus with cortex, foliose or fruticose
(1) Thallus foliose, horizontal or ascending, dorsiventral, with rhizoids, cor-
tex pseudoparenchymatic on both sides
Xanthoria 229
(2) Thallus fruticose, erect, radial, cortex of conglutinate longitudinal hyphae
Theloschistes 230
2. Spores dark or brown
a. Thallus without cortex, uniform or crustose
84 PHYSCIACEAE—MOLLISIACEAE
(1) Apothecia with thalline exciple
(a) Asci 8-spored Rinodina 232
(b) Asci 12-24-spored *Pleorinis 233
(2) Apothecia with proper exciple only
Buellia 231
b. Thallus with cortex, foliose or fruticose
(1) Upper cortex of perpendicular hyphae, pseudoparenchymatic
(a) Apothecia with thalline exciple
x. Hypothecium clear Physcia 234
y. Hypothecium black Dirinaria 235
(b) Apothecia with proper exciple only
Pyxine 234
(2) Upper cortex of hyphae parallel with the long axis, not pseudoparen-
chymatic; apothecia with proper exciple
Anaptychia 236
Il. Spores 3-4-celled
i. Spores clear
a. Thallus without cortex, uniform or crustose
(1) Apothecia with thalline exciple *Meroplacis 228
(2) Apothecia with proper exciple only
Xanthocarpia 227
b. Thallus with cortex, fruticose Niorma 230
2. Spores brown
a. Thallus without cortex, uniform or crustose
(1) Apothecia with thalline exciple *Merorinis 233
(2) Apothecia with proper exciple alone
Diplotomma 232
b. Thallus with cortex, foliose; exciple proper
*Phragmopyxine 234
III. Spores muriform, brown
1. Thallus without cortex, uniform or crustose
*Dictyorinis 233
2. Thallus with cortex, foliose Hyperphyscia 236
Family 44. MOLLISIACEAE
REHM 503
Apothecia superficial or erumpent, cupulate to disk-shaped, mostly smooth, rare-
ly with hairs, typically soft-waxy; distinguished from all other families by the
typically brownish exciple, which is entirely parenchymatic, or at least about the
base.
Subfamily Eumollisiae
Apothecia superficial from the beginning
Hyalosporae
Spores hyaline, 1-celled, globose to elliptic
I. Apothecia not on a subicle
1. Spores globose Mollisiella 18: 64
2. Spores elliptic to fusoid Mollisia R. 511, 8: 321
MOLLISIACEAE
II. Apothecia on a subicle Tapesia R.573, 8: 371
Hyalodidymae
Spores hyaline, 1-septate, elliptic to oblong
I. Apothecia not on a subicle Niptera R. 549, 8: 480
If. Apothecia on a subicle
1. Spores with a mucose covering Stictoclypeolum 18: 110
2. Spores not mucose
a. Spores constricted, large, 50 x 25 u Psorotheciopsis 16: 746
b. Spores not constricted, small, 12 x 5
Linhartia 16: 744
Hyalophragmiae
Spores hyaline, 2-several-septate, elliptic to fusoid
I. Apothecia not on a subicle or thallus Belonidium R. 561, 8: 496
II. Apothecia on a subicle or thallus
1. Spores ciliate at each end Ciliella 16: 748
2. Spores not ciliate
a. Apothecia on a subicle of hyphal threads
Trichobelonium R. 590, 16: 747
b. Apothecia on a parenchymatic thallus
Pazschkea 14: 788
(incl. Psorotheciella 16: 746)
Hyalodictyae
Spores hyaline, muriform, ovoid to oblong
I. Subicle present; asci 1-4-spored; spores mucose
tMelittosporis 16: 751
(Melittosporiopsis)
Scolecosporae
Spores hyaline, filiform, usually septate
I. Apothecia gregarious; subicle lacking Belonopsis R. 571, 16: 752
Subfamily Pyrenopezizae
Apothecia at first covered, then erumpent and more or less superficial
Hyalosporae
Spores hyaline, 1-celled, globose to oblong
I. Apothecia bright-colored, on living leaves
Pseudopeziza R. 596, 8: 723
II. Apothecia dark-brown without, not on living leaves
1. Apothecia with bristles Pirottaea R. 636, 8: 386
2. Apothecia without bristles, but sometimes with projecting rows of cells
a. Subicle lacking Pyrenopeziza R. 608, 8:354
b. Subicle present *Spilopezis R. 620
Phaeosporae
Spores dark or brownish, 1-celled, elliptic to oblong
85
86 HELOTIACEAE
I, Apothecia leathery, bright-colored outside
Velutaria R. 645, 8: 488
Hyalodidymae
Spores hyaline, 1-septate, elliptic to fusoid
I. Apothecia scarcely erumpent, bright colored
Fabraea R. 599, 8: 735
II. Apothecia nearly superficial, dark-brown without
*Dibelonis R. 638
Hyalophragmiae
Spores hyaline, 2-several-septate, oblong to fusoid
I. Apothecia at last superficial, more or less roughened
Beloniella R. 638
Family 45. HELOTIACEAE
REHM 647
Apothecia mostly superficial, rarely erumpent or arising from a sclerotium, typi-
cally stalked, sometimes sessile, cupulate to disk-shaped, waxy; distinguished by an
exciple which is completely prosenchymatic.
Subfamily Helotiae
Apothecia not hairy
Hyalosporae
Spores hyaline, 1-celled, globose to oblong
I. Apothecia on a subicle Eriopeziza R. 693
II. Apothecia not on a subicle
1. Apothecia arising from a sclerotium, long-stalked
Sclerotinia R. 803, 8: 195
2. Apothecia not arising from a sclerotium
a. Apothecia green, arising from a green substratum
Chlorosplenium R. 752, 8: 315
b. Apothecia not on a green substratum
(1) Apothecia margined by a row of triangular teeth
(a) Apothecia stalked Cyathicula R. 740, 8: 304
(b) Apothecia sessile *Pezoloma
(2) Apothecia without teeth
(a) Asci many-spored Comesia 8: 468
(b) Asci typically 8-spored
x. Apothecia scssile Pezizella R. 653, 8: 275
y. Apothecia stalked
(x) Ascus pore blue with iodin Helotium R. 772, 8: 210
(incl. Ciboria R.754, 8: 201)
(y) Ascus pore not blue with iodin
Phialea R. 708, 8: 251
(incl. Helotium in part)
HELOTIACEAE 87
Hyalodidymae
Spores hyaline, 1-septate, elliptic to fusoid
1. Apothecia typically sessile *Eubelonis R. 685
II. Apothecia stalked
1. Stalk ridged or folded Lanzia 8: 479
Hymenoscypha R. 781
2. Stalk not ridged or folded
Hyalophragmiae
Spores hyaline, 2-several-septate, elliptic to fusoid
I. Apothecia not toothed at margin
1. Apothecia sessile Belonium R. 685, 8: 492
2. Apothecia stalked
a. Subicle lacking
(1) Spores muticate
(a) Paraphyses colorless, epithecium lacking
Belonioscypha R. 743
(b) Paraphyses colored, forming an epithecium
Rutstroemia R. 763
*Belospora R. 744, 8: 488
(2) Spores 1-ciliate at each end
Masseea 18:99
b. Subicle present
II. Apothecia with a row of triangular teeth at margin
*Merodontis 18: 102
1. Apothecia sessile
2. Apothecia stalked Davincia 18: 101
Scolecosporae
Spores typically hyaline, filiform
Apothecia sessile or merely narrowed below
1. Apothecia smooth Gorgoniceps R. 690, 8: 504
2. Apothecia hairy Arachnopeziza R. 698
II. Apothecia stalked Pocillum R. 747, 8: 605
iy
Subfamily Dasyscyphae
ReHM 824
Apothecia hairy
Hyalosporae
Spores hyaline, 1-celled, globose to fusoid
I. Spores globose Lachnellula R. 862, 8: 390
II. Spores elliptic to fusoid
1. Paraphyses lance-shaped, pointed
*Dyslachnum R. 868, 888
a. Apothecia sessile
b. Apothecia stalked Lachnum R. 870
2. Paraphyses filiform, blunt
a. Apothecia divided above into 3-6 lobes, black
Arenaea 18:75
b. Apothecia entire, rarely black
88 PEZIZACEAE
(1) Apothecia hairy with distinct bristles
(a) Hairs shining, clear, non-septate, nearly solid
*Phalothrix R. 831
(b) Hairs dull, usually septate, hollow
x. Apothecia sessile *Dasypezis R. 829, 842
y. Apothecia stalked Dasyscypha R. 832, 8: 432
(2) Apothecia villose with projecting hyphae
Hyphoscypha 18:87
Hyalodidymae
Spores hyaline, 1-septate, elliptic to fusoid
I. Spores at first 1-celled, but finally 2-celled
Lachnella R. 853, 8: 391
(incl. Perrotia 18: 90)
Hyalophragmiae
Spores hyaline, 2-several-septate, oblong to fusoid
I. Paraphyses lance-shaped, pointed Erinella R. 910, 8: 507
II. Paraphyses bearing conidia at the tips Diplocarpa 18: 110
Family 46. PEZIZACEAE
REHM 913
Apothecia typically terrestrial, erumpent or superficial, sessile or stalked, urn-
shaped to disciform, smooth or hairy, fleshy or fleshy-waxy, rarely leathery; usually
medium to large forms.
Subfamily Pezizae
Apothecia smooth, i. e., without hairs
Hyalosporae
Spores hyaline, 1-celled, globose to fusoid
J. Asci not blue with iodin
1. Apothecia cleft on one side, ear-like
2. Apothecia not ear-like
a. Spores globose
(1) Apothecia fleshy or fleshy-waxy
Otidea R. 1023, 8: 94
(a) Substipitate, parasitic Pitya R. 925, 8: 209
(b) Sessile, terrestrial Detonia R.927, 1269, 8: 105
(Barlaea 8: 111, Otidella 8:99)
(2) Apothecia cartilaginous +Peltophoromyces 16: 720
(Peltigeromyces)
b. Spores elliptic to fusoid
(1) Apothecia sessile
(a) Spores with reticulately thickened wall
Aleuria R. 968
(b) Spores smooth or roughened
x. Apothecia not on a subicle Humaria R. 934, 8: 118
PEZIZACEAE
y. Apothecia on a subicle Pyronema R. 962, 8: 107
(incl. Phycascus 16: 709)
(2) Apothecia stalked
(a) Stalk narrow, cylindric, mealy-rough, almost hairy
Macropodia R. 984, 8: 158
(b) Stalk mostly short and wide, not mealy-rough
x. Stalk large and thick, deeply furrowed
Phleboscyphus R. 981, 18: 13
(Acetabula)
y. Stalk even or slightly furrowed
(x) Apothecia persistently cup-shaped
Geopyxis R. 971, 8: 63
(y) Apothecia finally open and flat
Discina R. 976, 8:99
JI. Asci blue with iodin
1. Apothecia cleft on one side, ear-like *Totidea R. 1028
2. Apothecia not ear-like
a. Spores globose Plicariella R. 993
b. Spores elliptic to fusoid
(1) Apothecia sessile
(a) Apothecia with a milky juice Galactinia 8: 106
(b) <Apothecia without milky juice
x. Apothecia not on a subicle
(x) Apothecia leathery, black Urnula R. 999, 8: 548
(y) Apothecia fleshy, not black
m. Apothecia on the surface of the ground
Plicaria R. 1000
(Pustularia in part)
n. Apothecia large, sunken, lobed
Peziza R. 1019, 8:73 and 511
(Pustularia in part)
y. Apothecia on a subicle Melachroia R. 997
(2) Apothecia with a long, slender stalk
Tarzetta R. 1021
Phaeosporae
Spores dark, 1-celled, globose to oblong
I. Spores globose Phaeopezia 8: 471, R. 995
II. Spores elliptic
1. Apothecia sessile Aleurina 18:88
2. Apothecia stalked *Podaleuris 18: 88
Subfamily Scutelliniae
Apothecia setose or hairy
Hyalosporae
Spores hyaline, 1-celled, globose to fusoid
I. Spores globose
89
90 PEZIZACEAE—HELVELLACEAE
I, Spores smooth
a. Cup dark or black, more or less strigose at base
Pseudoplectania R. 1039, 8: 165
b. Cup bright-colored, hairy or setose :
Sphaerospora R. 1037, 8: 188
2. Spores warted or reticulate; cups white-hairy
Pyronemella R. 1038, 8: 194
II. Spores elliptic to fusoid
1. Spores rostrate at base Puttemansia 18: 98
2. Spores muticate
a. Apothecia sunken in the ground, opening by lobes
Sepultaria R. 1075, 8: 166
b. Apothecia superficial
(1) Apothecia sessile
(a) Apothecia dark-hairy or ciliate
x. Apothecia uniformly dark-hairy
Pelodiscus 16: 1147, 18:35
y. Apothecia also with long cilia at the margin
(x) Paraphyses clavulate, blunt Scutellinia R. 1042, 8: 173
(Lachnea)
(y) Paraphyses equal, brown, pointed
Desmazierella R. 1041, 8: 386
(b) Apothecia bright-hairy or ciliate
x. Apothecia uniformly bright-hairy
*Leucopezis
y. Apothecia with marginal cilia also
Neottiopezis 8: 190, R. 1068
(2) Apothecia stalked
(a) Apothecia dark or black
x. Stalk long, slender, mealy Macropodia R. 984, 8: 158
y. Stalk short, thick with brown hairs and rhizoids
Plectania 8: 163, R. 1070
(b) Apothecia and hairs bright-colored
Sarcoscypha R. 1070, 8: 153
(incl. Trichoscypha 8:160, Pilo-
cratera 18: 31)
Phaeosporae
Spores hyaline, 1-celled, globose to fusoid
I. Apothecia with a cylindric verrucose stalk Phaeomacropus 16: 740
II. Apothecia sessile *Trichaleuris 18:89
Family 47.5 HELVELLACEAE
REHM I134
Apothecia typically terrestrial, and stalked, sometimes sessile, club-shaped, conical
or saddle-shaped, rarely flat, mostly smooth, fleshy, cartilaginous or rarely gelatinous;
usually large forms.
HELVELLACEAE
Subfamily Rhizinae
Apothecia sessile, flat, arched or irregularly globose
I. Spores globose Sphaerosoma R. 1140, 8: 56
II. Spores elliptic or fusoid
1. Spores elliptic, rounded at ends Psilopezia R. 1137, 8: 152
(incl, Peltidium 18: 11)
2. Spores fusoid, pointed at the thickened ends
Rhizina R. 1138, 8:57
Subfamily Helvellae
Apothecia stalked, cap- or saddle-shaped, or columnar
I. Hymenium ridged in both directions
1. Ridged cap stalked Morchella R. 1200, 8:8
2. Ridged cap sessile Underwocdia 10:1
II. Hymenium smooth, convolute or ridged longitudinally
1. Hymenium saddle-like, more or less lobed
Helvella R. 1179, 8:17
2. Hymenium globoid, convolute Gyromitra R. 1189, 8:15
3. Hymenium cap- or bell-shaped, smooth or ridged
Verpa R.1195, 8: 29
Subfamily Geoglossae
Apothecia stalked, clavate or capitate
I. Hymenium distinct from stem, disciform or capitate
1. Spores t-celled *Haplocybe R. 1168
(incl. Moellerodiscus 18:8)
2. Spores 2-4-celled
a. Apothecia gelatinous Leotia R. 1164, 8: 609
b. Apothecia waxy or fleshy-waxy Cudoniella R. 1166, 8: 41
3. Spores filiform or acicular
a. Apothecia fleshy, cap-shaped with involute margin
Cudonia R. 1169, 8: 527
(Leotiella 16: 700)
b. Apothecia waxy, button-shaped, solid Vibrissea R.1170, 8:51
TI. Hymenium club-shaped, not distinct from stem or but slightly so
1. Spores hyaline
a. Spores t-celled
(1) Spores globose Neolecta 8: 40
(2) Spores elliptic Mitrula R. 1146, 8: 32
(Spragueola 14: 742)
b. Spores 2-4-celled, fusoid
(1) Hymenium covering the whole club
Microglossum R. 1151, 8:39
(2) Hymenium on one side only Hemiglossum ro: 2
c. Spores more or less filiform Spathularia R. 1158, 8: 48
(incl. Mitruliopsis 18:10}
2. Spores brown, clavate or cylindric, many-celled
Geoglossum R. 1153, 8: 42
gi
92 ASCOBOLACEAE—CORDIERITACEAE
Family 48. ASCOBOLACEAE
REHM 1078
Apothecia superficial, typically fimicole, scutellate to disciform, fleshy or waxy
or gelatinous ; asci mostly broad and clavate, projecting above the hymenium at maturity.
Subfamily Ascophanae
Spores colorless
I. Hymenium within an exciple
1. Asci 4- or &-spored
a. Spores globose
(1) Asci 4-spored Boudierella 14: 792
(2) Asci 8-spored Cubonia 8: 527
b. Spores elliptic to fusoid; asci 8-spored
(1) Apothecia smooth
(2) Apothecia hairy or setose
(a) Spores smooth Lasiobolus R. 1096, 8: 536
(b) Spores spiny Aphanascus 10: 35
2. Asci 16-many-spored
a. Asci many
(1) Apothecia fimbriate with delicate hairs; asci 32-spored
Streptotheca 10: 34
Ascophanus R. 1085, 8: 528
(2) Apothecia not hairy; asci 16-many-spored
Rhyparobius R. 1099
b. Ascus one Thelebolus R. 1106
II. Hymenium without an exciple; asci many-spored
Zukalina R. 1108
Subfamily Ascobolae
Spores colored
I. Spores globose Boudiera R. 1113, 8: 512
II. Spores elliptic to fusoid ;
1. Spores in a gelatinous mass in ascus Saccobolus R. 1115, 8: 524
2. Spores free in the ascus
a. Apothecia smooth
(1) Exciple present, normal
(2) Exciple lacking
b. Apothecia hairy or ciliate
Ascobolus R. 1120, 8: 514
Ascodesmis 8: 824
Dasybolus 11: 421
Family 49. CORDIERITACEAE
8: 810, 16: 803
Apothecia suberose or corneo-carbonous, superficial, ramose-stipitate, arising at
the tips of the branches, finally cup-like and open; asci terete-clavate, 6-8-spored;
spores I- or 2-celled, mostly hyaline.
I. Spores 1-celled, hyaline; stipe much branched above, horny-carbonous
Cordierites 8: 810
EXASCACEAE—GYMNASCACEAE 93
II. Spores 2-celled; stipe fascicled-ramose, suberose
Acroscyphus 8: 811
Order 11. GYMNASCALES
Apothecia imperfect, more or less effuse or obsolete, maculiform, byssoid or
dot-like, exciple absent; asci mostly free, often single, 1-many-spored, rarely with
paraphyses.
Family 50. EXASCACEAE
8:811, 10:67, 11:435, 14:823, 16: 803, 18: 106
Asci parallel and crowded, sessile or enlarged at base; parasitic in living plants
and deforming the part attacked as a rule.
I. Asci few-spored, usually 8-spored
1. Spores 1-celled, more or less globose Exascus 8: 816
2. Spores 2-3-septate, oblong Elsinoe 16: 804 .
II. Asci many-spored
1. Asci more or less globose Taphridium 18: 203
2. Asci terete-clavate Taphrina 8: 812
Family 51. GYMNASCACEAE
8: 820, 10:70, 11: 437, 14:824, 16: 805, 18: 194
(incl. Ascoidaceae, Ascocortiaceae, Endomycetaceae, Protomycetaceae)
Asci more or less solitary or grouped in masses of mycelium; for the most
part saprophytic.
I. Saprogenous
1. Asci I-2-spored Bargellinia 8: 823
2. Asci 3-8-spored
a. Spores globose or nearly so
(1) Spores brown or violet Amaurascus 11: 438
(2) Spores hyaline or golden
(a) Asci 3-5-spored Conidiascus 16: 807
(b) Asci 8-spored
x. Asci surrounded by serrate spiral hyphae
Ctenomyces 8: 824
y. Asci without serrate spiral hyphae
(x) Asci solitary
m. Asci acrogenous Eremascus 8: 822
n. Asci intercalary Oleina 8: 822
(y) Asci grouped or congested in masses
Gymnascus 8: 823
(incl. Arachniotus 11: 438)
b. Spores elliptic, hyaline; asci vertical, clavate
Ascocorticium 10:71
3. Asci many-spored
a. Spores globose
(1) Asci elongate, split at base Dipodascus 11: 439
(2) Asci terete-clavate, simple at base Ascoidea 10:71
94 SACCHAROMYCETACEAE—CY TTARIACEAE
b. Spores elliptic tAscodes 16: 807
(Oscarbrefeldia)
II. Biogenous
1. Asci 4-8-spored
a. Asci 4-spored, solitary; on fungi Endomyces 8: 821
b. Asci 8-spored
(1) Spores 1-celled
(a) Hyphae of palmiform haustoria; on fungi
Podocapsa 8: 820
(b) Hyphae filamentous; on animals
Eidamella 16: 805
(2) Spores muriform; on leaves Nostocotheca 16: 806
2. Asci many-spored
a. Mycelium present Eremothecium 8: 821
b. Mycelium none
(1) Haustoria present; on fungi *Podocapsium 8: 820
(2) Haustoria absent; mostly on flowering plants
Protomyces 7: 319
Family 52. SACCHAROMYCETACEAE ~
8:916, 11:457, 14:828, 16:818, 18: 1098
True hyphae lacking, unicellular, propagating by buds; asci spurious?, globose
to elliptic, mostly 1-4-spored; growing typically in sugary or starchy liquids or ma-
terials.
I. Cells increasing by fission Schizosaccharomyces 18: 201
II. Cells increasing by budding
1. Spores pileiform or limoniform, costate Willia 18: 198
2. Spores globose to irregular
a. Vegetative cells conjugating Zygosaccharomyces 18: 198
b. Vegetative cells normal Saccharomyces 18: 198
Order 12. TUBERALES
Ascoma or apothecium typically more or less globose, and indehiscent, with
one to many hollows, locules or veins, fleshy, waxy, leathery or even subcarbonous,
saprophytic or parasitic, usually subterranean; asci present, I-many-spored.
Family 53. CYTTARIACEAE
8:4, 16:695, 18:1
Ascomata globose or obovate, firm fleshy, subcorneous when dry, stuffed or
hollow, loculiferous at the periphery, producing tubercular swellings on the branches
of living trees; locules globose, large, dehiscing by lobes, filled with asci and para-
physes; asci cylindric 8-spored; spores hyaline.
I. Ascoma globose or obovate; all locules bearing asci
Cyttaria 8:4
PHY MATOSPHAERIACEAE 95
II. Ascoma turbinate, fenestrate below; asci on a definite disk
Rickiella 18:1
Family 54. PHYMATOSPHAERIACEAE
(incl MYRIANGIACEAE)
8: 843, 11: 440, 16: 799, 18: 191
Ascomata verruciform, small, waxy, membranous or subcarbonous, superficial,
densely loculiferous within; locules with a single ascus, indehiscent; asci globose
or short clavate, 8-spored.
Hyalosporae
Spores hyaline, 1-celled, ovoid to elliptic
I. Ascomata globose-depressed, membranous Phillipsiella 8: 844
Phaeosporae
Spores dark, 1-celled, elliptic to fusoid
I. Spores angulose, verrucose; fimicole Guillermondia 18: 191
Hyalodidymae
Spores hyaline, 1-septate, elliptic to fusoid
I. Ascomata dark, globose-depressed Microphyma 8: 844
II. Ascomata bright-colored, applanate Leptophyma 8: 844
Hyalophragmiae
Spores hyaline, 2-several-septate, oblong to fusoid
I. Ascomata elongate, rugose Eurytheca 8: 846
II. Ascomata punctiform to obconic
1. Ascomata punctiform or applanate
a. Ascomata punctiform; asci clavate Harknessiella 8: 845
b. Ascomata applanate-disciform; asci ovoid to globose
Myriangium 16: 800
(incl. Myriangella 18: 192)
2. Ascomata hemispheric or obconic; asci globose
Molleriella 8: 845
Phaeophragmiae
Spores dark, 2-several-septate, oblong to fusoid
I. Ascomata blood-red, membranous-waxy Kusanoa 16: 800
Hyalodictyae
Spores hyaline, muriform
I. Ascomata bright-colored
1. Ascomata on a radiate subicle Phymatosphaeria 8: 847
2. Ascomata not on a subicle Ascomycetella 8: 846
II. Ascomata dark or black Trichophyma 18: 194
96 ONYGENACEAE—TUBERACEAE
Phaeodictyae
Spores dark, muriform
I. Ascomata applanate-tuberculiform, black Cookella 8: 846
Family 55.5 ONYGENACEAE
8: 861, 10:80, 11: 440, 16: 807
Ascomata subglobose, sessile or stipitate, membranous, fragile, epizoic; gleba
waxy, then pulverulent; asci 8-spored, globose, evanescent; spores continuous, sub-
hyaline.
A single genus Onygena 8: 861
Family 56. ELAPHOMYCETACEAE
(incl. CENOCOCCACEAE)
8: 863, 10:80, I1: 441
Ascomata hypogaean, woody, crustose or carbonous, more or less globose, inde-
hiscent, finally producing a powdery spore mass or gleba; asci 1-8-spored, some-
_ times spurious.
I. Gleba interwoven with silky threads; asci normal
Elaphomyces 8: 863
TI. Gleba without capillitium; asci spurious, cell-shaped
Cenococcum 8: 871
Family 57, TUBERACEAE
(incl ENDOGONACEAE, EOTERFEZIACEAE)
8:872, 10:80, 11: 442, 14: 826, 16: 808, 18: 205
Ascomata hypogaean, rarely epigaean or parasitic, fleshy or waxy hardened, more
or less globose, indehiscent; gleba never becoming a powdery mass, typically veined
or lacunose, rarely continuous; asci 1-8-spored, rarely spurious.
Hyalosporae
Spores hyaline, r1-celled, globose to elliptic
I. Gleba without veins, but with one or more cavities
1. Asci linear or elongate
a. Spores verrucose or roughened
(1) Spores globose Pseudogenea 16: 808
(2) Spores ovoid to elliptic Genea 8: 873
b. Spores smooth
(1) Gleba with a single large cavity Hydnocystis 8: 876
(2) Gleba convolute lacunose
(a) Densely lanate; canals not produced to surface
Geopora 8: 877
(b) Not lanate; canals produced to surface
Pseudohydnotria 16: 808
2. <Asci globose to oblong
a. Spores roughened or alveolate, globose
TUBERACEAE 97
(1) Asci 2-4-spored; spores with recurved spines
Terfeziopsis 16: 816
(2) Asci 8-spored
x. Hollows or canals not reaching the surface
(x) Gleba with irregular stellate hollows
Myrmecocystis 16: 809
(y) Microscopic; gleba central, lax
Lilliputia 16: 816
y. Hollows or canals reaching the surface
Hydnobolites 8: 879
b. Spores smooth
(1) Gleba of numerous locules; epigaean, parasitic on fungi
Eoterfezia 18: 205
(2) Hypogaean
(a) Ascoma brown villous Phaeangium 11: 442
(b) Ascoma not villous Balsamia 8: 877
(I. Gleba with veins, solid or also lacunose
1. Veins of two colors; spores globose, smooth
Stephensia 8: 880
2. Veins all of one color
a. Spores globose, roughened
(1) Gleba with distinct veins; asci mostly 2-3-spored
Delastria 8: 904
(2) Gleba marbled with brown spots; asci 3-4-spored
Piersonia 16: 812
b. Spores ellipsoid, smooth
(1) Spores apiculate at each end, limoniform
Leucangium 8: 899
(2) Spores not apiculate
(a) Asci 8-spored, broadly stipitate Tirmania 11: 444
(b) Asci 6-8-spored, not stipitate Picoa 8: 899
Phaeosporae
Spores dark, 1-celled
I. Gleba without veins; typically with hollows or canals
1. Spores globose, roughened
a. Asci linear or cylindric
(1) Gleba with one or more hollows Gyrocratera 16: 815
(incl. Cryptica 10: 82)
(2) Gleba homogeneous, lax Ruhlandiella 17: 241
b. Asci broad, oblong Hydnotrya 8: 879
2. Spores ovoid, smooth Genabea 8: 878
{I. Gleba with veins
_1. Veins of two colors
a. Some veins white Pachyphloeus 8: 881
b. No veins white Tuber 8: 882
2. Veins of one color
98 UREDINACEAE
a. Asci elongate; gleba not divided into masses
Choeromyces 8: 900
b. Asci ovate to globose; gleba divided into masses
Terfezia 8: 902
Order 13. UREDINALES
Apothecia reduced to a mass of persistent or evanescent asci, waxy, leathery,
gelatinous or powdery; parasites.
Family 58. UREDINACEAE
7:528, 9:201, 11:174, 14:269, 16:257, 17: 244
Parasitic; apothecia reduced to a mass of asci with fixed spore cells., i. e.,
teleutospores with I or more cells; conidia normally present, produced in cluster
cups (aecidia, aecia), sori (uredinia), or spermagonia (pycnia); the asci and co-
nidia may occur on the same host or upon different hosts, or one or the other alone
may occur; teleutospores producing a promycelium and sporidioles upon germination.
Amerosporae
Teleutospores 1-celled, colored, rarely hyaline, or absent
I. Teleutospores present
1. Teleutospores hyaline
a. Teleutospores catenate Monosporidium 9: 297
b. Teleutospores single Zaghouania 17: 268
2. Teleutospores colored
a. Spore mass or sorus horizontal
(1) Teleutospores catenate
(a) Spores in a pseudoperidium Dietelia 14: 291
(b) Spores not in a pseudoperidium Clastopsora 17: 263
(2) Teleutospores not catenate
(a) Uredospores not in a pseudoperidium
x. Spores half smooth, half roughened
Hemileia 7: 585
y. Spore cells alike smooth or rough
(x) Teleutospores on a stalk Uromyces 7: 531
(y) Teleutospores not stalked
m. Teleutospores connate in a lentiform layer
TUromycodes 14: 29¢
(Schroeteriaster)
n. Teleutospores not connate ,. Chaconia 14: 290
(b) Uredospores in a pseudoperidium
x. Teleutospore sorus determinate, black or dark-brown
Melampsora 7: 586
(incl. Phacopsora 14: 289)
y. Teleutospore sorus indeterminate, pale or reddish
Melampsorella 7: 596
(incl. Hyalopsora 17:268)
b. Spore mass or sorus with a cylindric columella, more or less vertical, glo-~
bose to cylindric
UREDINACEAE
(1) Teleutospores mucose; uredospores lacking
Masseella 14: 292
(2) Teleutospores not mucose; uredospores present
(a) Uredospores in a pseudoperidium
Cronartium 7: 597
(b) Uredospores not in a pseudoperidium
Skierka 16: 271
II. Teleutospores absent; pycnia, aecia or uredinia only
1. Spores in a pseudoperidium or cup
a. Spores in pycnia Aecidiolum 7: 773
b. Spores in aecia
(1) Aecia cup-shaped, usually dentate or crenate at margin
Aecidium 7:774
(2) Aecia cylindric, margin fimbriate
Roestelia 7: 833
(3) Aecia irregular, more or less globose
(a) Spores catenate; on conifers Peridermium 7: 835
(b) Spores free; not on conifers Pericladium 7: 838
2. Spores not in a pseudoperidium; uredinia
a. Spores single Uredo 7: 838
b. Spores catenate Caeoma 7: 863
Didymosporae
Teleutospores 2-celled, colored or hyaline
i. Teleutospores absent; aecia alone present
Aecidiella 14: 389
tf. Teleutospores present
1. Sori horizontal
a. Teleutospores catenate, in a pseudoperidium
+Didymosira 11: 205
(Pucciniosira)
b. Teleutospores single
(1) Teleutospores not in a pseudoperidium
(a) Teleutospores subpenicillate at each end
Dasyspora 9: 313
(b) Teleutospores not penicillate
x. Pedicel of spore with a hyaline gelatinous sheath
tColeoma 9: 313
(Coleopuccinia)
y. Pedicel without gelatinous sheath
(x) Teleutospores longitudinally 1-septate
Diorchidium 7: 736
(y) Teleutospores transversely 1-septate
m. Teleutospores with a hyaline integument
Uropyxis 7: 735
n. Teleutospores without hyaline integument
100 UREDINACEAE
(m) Spore cells with germination pores
Puccinia 7: 600
(inc. Trichopsora, Chrysopsora
11: 206, Gymnoconia 14: 360)
(n) Spore cells without germination pores
Leptinia 14: 358
(2) Teleutospores in a pseudoperidium
Schizospora 14: 361
2. Sori vertical
a. Teleutospores confluent into a gelatinous stratum
Gymnosporangium 7: 737
b. Teleutospores closely joined in a columella
(1) Spores catenate Gambleola 16: 314
(2) Spores not catenate Didymopsora 16: 315
Phragmosporae
Teleutospores 2-several-septate
I. Teleutospores not in a pseudoperidium
1. Teleutospores transversely septate
a. Teleutospores catenate +Phragmostele 16: 321
b. Teleutospores not catenate (Pucciniostele)
(1) Uredospores not catenate
(a) Teleutospores cylindric; cells separating with difficulty
Phragmidium 7: 742
(incl. Phragmopyxis 14: 361, Ro-
strupia, Barclayella 9: 316)
(b) Teleutospores moniliform; cells separating easily
: Xenodochus 7: 750
(2) Uredospores catenate, at least at first
(a) Wall of teleutospore thick; promycelium simple with a single sporidi-
ole at apex Coleosporium 7: 751
; (incl. Stichopsora 16: 318)
(b) Wall of teleutospore thin; promycelium 3-septate, with a sporidiole at
each cell Chrysomyxa 7: 759
z. Teleutospores longitudinally or obliquely septate
a. Teleutospores developed within the host cells
(1) Uredospores in a pseudoperidium; homoecieus
Thecopsora 7: 764
(2) Uredospores lacking; heteroecious
Calyptospora 7: 766
b. Teleutospores developed outside the host cells
Pucciniastrum 7: 762
II. Teleutospores in a pseudoperidium
1. Teleutospores catenate, verrucose Endophyllum 7: 767
2. Teleutospores not catenate, echinulate Milesia 7: 768
(incl. Uredinopsis 17: 269)
USTILAGINACEAE 101
Dictyosporae
Teleutospores septate in two directions, or muriform
I. Teleutospores more or less radiately 3-septate
Triphragmium 7: 768
(incl. Hapalophragmium 16: 1121)
II. Teleutospores radiately 4-many-septate or muriform
Ravenelia 7: 770
(incl. Sphaerophragmium 11: 209,
Alveolaria 11:212, Hemileiop-
sis 16: 269, Anthomyces 16: 325,
Pleoravenelia and Neoravene-
lia, 17:.407)
Family 59. USTILAGINACEAE
7:4490, 9: 282, 11: 230, 14: 410, 16: 367, 17: 472
Mycelium growing widely through parts of living plants, chiefly flowers and
fruits, finally disappearing, leaving the mass of spores; spores producing upon
germination a promycelium upon which sporidioles are borne.
Amerosporae
Spores 1-celled
[. Sori without a fungal involucre
1. Sporidioles typically pleurogenous on the promycelium
a. Spores arising from a compact subgelatinous stroma
Cintractia 7: 480
b. Spores not arising from a compact subgelatinous stroma
Ustilago 7: 451
(incl, Anthracoidea 14: 420)
2. Sporidioles many, acrogenous, crowning the promycelium
a. Sori powdery at maturity
(1) Sporidioles many, in a capitulum Neovossia 16: 375
(2) Sporidioles not in a capitulum Tilletia 7: 481
b. Sori not powdery at maturity
(1) Spores catenate, then separating Sirentyloma 14: 425
(2) Spores not catenate
(a) Spores rostrate Rhamphospora 9: 287
(b) Spores not rostrate
x. In stems and leaves
(x) Sori pustulate, pale or rust-brown
Entyloma 7: 487
(y) Sori explanate, widely expanded, black
Melanotaenium 7: 496
y. In roots
(x) Spores conglobate in spheroid cysts
Oedomyces 11: 234
(y) Spores not conglobate Entorrhiza 7: 497
102 USTILAGINACEAE
z. In ovaries tUstilaginula 7: 498
(Ustilagopsis)
II. Sori with a fungal involucre
1, Spores in a powdery mass Sphacelotheca 7: 499
2. Spores in a hard black crust Melanopsichium 17: 484
Didymosporae
Spores united by twos or 2-celled
f. Spore-bearing hyphae tubular, enclosed in a stroma
Mycosyrinx 17: 484
II. Spore-bearing hyphae not in a stroma
1. Spores joined laterally by a narrow isthmus; sporidioles pleurogenous
Schizonella 7: 500
2. Spores joined horizontally and broadly; sporidioles acrogenous
Schroeteria 7: 500
Dictyosporae
Spores closely joined in masses, the latter appearing to be many-celled spores
I. Spores or cells of each mass alike
1. Sporidioles pieurogenous or acrogenous; usually not foliicole
a. Promycelium simple Tolyposporium 7: 501
b. Promycelium branched Tolyposporella 14: 427
2. Sporidioles acrogenous, typically foliicole
a. Sporidioles numerous
(1) Spore masses covered by a layer of sterile cells
Doassansia 7: 502
(incl. Cornuella, Burrillia 11: 236)
(2) Spore masses without a sterile layer
Tuburcinia 7: 507
b. Sporidioles solitary; sori reddish, usually fructicole
Thecophora 7: 507
3. Sporidioles unknown; sori mostly very black
Sorosporium 7: 511
(incl. Poecilosporium 16: 380)
IJ. Spores or cells of two kinds in each mass, central few large, peripheral many,
small
I. Sori of many sacks containing spore masses
Polysaccopsis 16: 381
2. Sori without sacks Urocystis 7: 515
Class 5. BASIDIOMYCETES
Spores produced on basidia, not inclosed in asci.
Order 14. AGARICALES (HYMENOMYCETES)
Basidia exposed on an even or modified hymenium, the latter usually in the
form of gills, pores or teeth.
TREMELLACEAE 103
Family 60. TREMELLACEAE
6:760, 9:257, II: 142, 14: 244, 16: 215, 17: 203
Pileus typically gelatinous and homogeneous, horny when dry, reviving when
wet, sometimes waxy or leathery but then with divided basidia; hymenium typically
amphigenous or superior, smooth or somewhat convolute; basidia globose to terete,
transversely or lorgitudinally divided, or in one subfamily merely terete-clavate
and furcate, 1-4-sterigmate; spores globose to reniform and oblong, continuous
or septate, producing sporidioles on germination; conidia often present with the
spores. Some gelatinous forms included in the following families on account of
the character of the hymenium seem to belong properly in this family.
Subfamily Auriculariae
Basidia transversely septate, elongate or fusoid
I. Pileus, or at least the hymenium, gelatinous
1. Entire pileus gelatinous
a. Pileus verruciform or effuse
(1) Basidia mixed with paraphyses Mylittopsis 14: 246
(2) Basidia without paraphyses
(a) Spores not producing sporidioles on germination
Platygloea 6: 771
(b) Spores producing sporidioles Helicogloea 11: 145
b. Pileus disciform, cupulate or columnar
(1) Pileus erect, filiform, columnar Eucronartium 17: 211
(2) Pileus not columnar, disciform or cupulate
(a) Basidia without sterigmata Auriculariella 6: 497
(b) Basidia with sterigmata
x. Basidia 2-sterigmate; pileus applanate
Phlebophora 16: 215
y. Basidia 3-4-sterigmate; pileus pezizoid
fCollopezis 16: 216
(Tjibodasia)
2. Pileus coriaceous or membranous, hymenium gelatinous
a. Pileus coriaceous; hymenium reticulate-costate
Auricularia 6: 762
b. Pileus membranous; hymenium smooth or plicate
Hirneola 6: 764
II. Pileus waxy, crust-like or byssoid
1. Pileus waxy or crust-like
a. Pileus very minute, disciform, on a pedicel
Pilacrella 14: 246
b. Pileus membranous, incrusting Jola 14: 246
2, Pileus byssoid
a. Basidia without a sac near the base Stypinella 142244
b. Basidia with a sack near the base Saccoblastia 14: 244
Subfamily Tremellae
Basidia longitudinally 4-divided, or cruciate, globose or ovoid
I. Spores alone present, i. e., homosporous
\
104 TREMELLACEAE
1. Pileus waxy or byssoid
a. Pileus waxy, scarcely gelatinous
(1) Pileus effuse Protomerulius 11: 142
(2) Pileus cupulate or concave Hirneolina 17: 208
b. Pileus byssoid
2. Pileus gelatinous
a. Pileus covered with sterile setae, effuse
Heterochaete 14: 247
Stypella 14: 246
b. Pileus without sterile setae
(1) Pileus erect, clavate, columnar or spatulate
(a) Pileus clavate, simple or branched
Clavariopsis 16: 219
(incl. Hyaloria 14: 252)
(b) Pileus spatulate, large, simple Gyrocephalus 6: 795
(2) Pileus effuse, globose, cupulate or pulvinate
(a) Spores 1-celled
x. Pileus cupulate, radicate Femsjonia 6: 779
y. Pileus pulvinate or effuse
(y) Basidia in chains; hymenium not cerebriform
Sirobasidium 14: 248
(y) Basidia not in chains; hymenium cerebriform
Tremella 6: 780
(inc. Naematelia 6: 792)
(b) Spores 2-4-celled, at least upon germination, reniform
x. Spores 2-4-celled, sporidioles allantoid; pileus truncate-cupulate or
effuse Exidia 6: 772
y. Spores 2-celled, sporidioles straight; pileus pulvinate, gyrose
Ulocolla 6: 777
II. Spores and conidia present, i. e., heterosporous
1. Pileus ascending and dendroid tCollodendrum 17: 208
(Tremellodendron)
2. Pileus effuse to pulvinate
a. Spores on the disk, conidia on the exciple
Craterocolla 6: 778
b. Conidia and spores usually succeeding each other on the same area
(1) Pileus cerebriform, pulvinate or effuse
Tremella 6: 780
(2) Pileus not cerebriform, crust-like
(a) Spores reniform, conidia ovoid Sebacina 6: 540
(b) Spores ovoid, conidia hamate Exidiopsis 14: 248
Subfamily Dacryomycetae
Basidia terete-clavate, furcate above
‘I. Pileus effuse, pulvinate or globose, typically sessile
1. Spores septate, at least upon germination
a. Pileus gyrose; spores not horseshoe-shaped
Dacryomyces 6: 796
b. Pileus tuberculiform; spores horseshoe-shaped
Delortia 6: 795
CLAVARIACEAE 105
2. Spores not septate
a. Spores hyaline; pileus more or less effuse, waxy
Arrhytidia 6: 804
(incl. Ceracea 6: 805)
b. Spores colored; pileus subglobose Seismosarca 9g: 260
II. Pileus cupulate, clavate or foliose, typically stalked
1. Pileus irregularly cup-shaped, usually stipitate
a. Pileus gelatinous or cartilaginous, cupulate
Guepinia 6: 805
b. Pileus leathery, hymenium gelatinous, cupulate-disciform
Ditiola 6: 813
2. Pileus erect, foliose-lobed 7Tremellastrum 17: 193
(Tremellopsis)
3. Pileus capitate to lanceolate, stipitate
a. Pileus capitate, head inflated, corrugate; stipe hollow
(1) Homosporous Collyria 6: 811
(2) Heterosporous Dacryopsis 11: 149
b. Pileus clavate, club plicate Dacryomitra 6: 811
c. Pileus lanceolate, hanging Myxomycidium 16: 220
Family 61. CLAVARIACEAE
6: 690, 9: 247, IT: 134, 14: 235, 16: 203, 18: 193
Hymenium not discrete from the hymenophore, amphigenous; pileus more or
less clavate or coralloid, subcarnose or leathery, simple or branched.
I. Pileus with maiy crowded, leaf-like branches
Sparassis 6: 690
II. Branches not leaf-like
1. Pileus fleshy
a. Branches fibrous-splitting Acurtis 6: 691
b. Branches not splitting Clavaria 6: 692
(incl. Phaeoclavulina 14: 238)
2. Pileus leathery, rarely subgelatinous
a. Pileus somewhat gelatinous
(1) Pileus capitate; cap hollow, inflated
Baumanniella 14: 244
(2) Pileus clavate or coralloid Calocera 6: 732
b. Pileus leathery
(1) Pileus tomentose Lachnocladium 6: 738
(2) Pileus not tomentose
(a) Pileus terete or compressed, dry, cartilaginous
Pterula 6: 740
(incl. Phaeopterula 17: 201)
(b) Pileus simple, filiform or capitate
Hirsutella 11: 140
x. Pileus capitate, inflated Physalacria 6: 759
y. Pileus more or less filiform
106 THELEPHORACEAE
(x) Pileus clavulate with filiform stipe
Typhula 6: 743
(y) Pileus linear or subclavate; stipe short or none
Pistillaria 6: 752
Family 62. THELEPHORACEAE
6: 513, 9:218, II: 115, 14: 212, 16: 181, 18: 160
Hymenium inferior or amphigenous, leathery, waxy or membranous, smooth,
i. e, without spines, pores, etc., sometimes somewhat ridged, or cracked; spores
various.
I. Not parasitic on algae
i. Pileus more or less gelatinous
a. Pileus effuse
(1) Spores hyaline Cerocorticium 16: 196
(2) Spores olivaceous Aldridgea 11: 129
b. Pileus convex to discoid Discocyphella 16: 202
2. Pileus not gelatinous
a. Hymenium somewhat ridged or roughened
(1) Hymenium subcarnose, infundibuliform, costate
Craterellus 6: 514
(2) Hymenium leathery
(a) Hymenium woody, with radiating ridges, warty-roughened
Cladoderris 6: 547
(b) Hymenium similar, but with fan-like ridges
Beccariella 6: 550
b. Hymenium smooth, or absent
(1) Hymenium present, smooth
(a) Hymenium without cystidia
x. Pileus urn-shaped, stipitate Hypolyssus 6: 521
y. Pileus typically crateritorm to dimidiate
(x) Pileus with distinct intermediate stratum
Stereum 6: 551
(y) Pileus homogeneous or nearly so
m. Pileus vertical, beautifully convolute, mitriform
Skepperia 6: 603
n. Pileus not convolute
(m) Basidia not transeptate Thelephora 6: 521
(incl. Friesula 6: 685)
(n) Basidia transeptate Septobasidium 11: 118
z. Pileus resupirate, effuse, rarely cupulate
(x) Pileus not cupulate
m. Hymenium waxy
(m) Spores large, citriform Michenera 6: 652
(n) Spores medium, not citriform
Corticium 6: 603
(incl. Kneiffia 6: 510)
n. Hymenium fleshy, spores minute, colored
THELEPHORACEAE—HYDNACEAE 107
(m) Spores smooth Coniophora 6: 647
(n) Spores angular or aculeate
Prillieuxia 14: 225
(y) Pileus cupulate or cylindric
m. Pileus cupulate Cyphella 6: 667
n. Pileus terete to cylindric Solenia 6: 424
(b) Hymenium with cystidia
x. Cystidia simple
(x) Cystidia hyaline Peniophora 6: 640
(incl. Coniophorella 17: 183)
(y) Cystidia colored Hymenochaete 6: 588
(incl. Lloydiella 16: 1116)
y. Cystidia septate Bonia 11: 123
(2) Hymenium absent, or more or less cobwebby
(a) Biogenous
x. Hymenium endophytic Endobasidium 17: 190
y. Hymenium erumpent
(x) Basidia circinate Helicobasidium 6: 666
(y) Basidia not circinate
m. Spores globose; on galls Urobasidum 11: 131
n. Spores cylindric; on roots *Chrysobasidium 11: 131
(Aureobasidium)
o. Spores oblong; on leaves Exobasidium 6: 664
(b) Saprogenous
x. Spores septate, fuscous Heterobasidium 9: 237
y. Spores 1-celled, hyaline
(x) Brown stellate hyphae present
Asterostroma 9: 236
(y) Brown stellate hyphae absent
m. Basidia 4-spored Hypochnus 6: 653
n. Basidia 2-spored Matruchotia 11:118
(Cfr. Tulasnellaceae 14: 234)
II. Parasitic on algae
1. Algae Chroococcus Cora 6: 685
2. Algae Scytonema Rhipidonema 6: 687
(ZAHLBRUCKNER 237)
Family 63. HYDNACEAE
6: 429, 9:208, 11: 106, 14: 201, 16:174, 18: 147
Pileus cap-shaped to resupinate, fleshy, gelatinous, woody or leathery; hymenium
consisting of spines, teeth, or granules, rarely somewhat pore-like; spores various.
I. Pileus more or less gelatinous
1. Gelatinous, stalked or dimidiate; with teeth
Tremellodon 6: 479
2. Waxy-gelatinous, resupinate, with granules
Grandiniella 14: 208
II. Pileus fleshy, woody or leathery
1. Hymenium of more or less subulate teeth or spines
208 HYDNACEAE—POLY PORACEAE
a. Pileus present
(1) Perennial; woody +Hydnophysa 16: 177
(Hydnofomes)
(2) Not perennial
(a) Pileus clavaria-like Hericium 6: 478
(b) Pileus not clavaria-like
x. Teeth free; mostly carnose
(x) Pileus typically stalked Hydnum 6: 430
(incl. Echinodontium 16: 176)
(y) Pileus horizontal Sistotrema 6: 480
y. Teeth connected at base; coriaceous
(x) Cystidia lacking Irpex 6: 482
(y) Cystidia present
m. Cystidia subulate Asterodon 11: 111
n. Cystidia stellate Hydnochaete 14: 211
b. Pileus lacking
(1) Teeth on a membranous subicle Caldesiella 6: 477
(2) Teeth without a subicle Mucronella 6: 512
2. Hymenium of granules, warts or folds
a. Hymenium of granules or warts
(1) Hymenium with penicillate-multifid warts
Odontia 6: 506
(2) Hymenium with simple granules or warts
(a) WHymenium porose-reticulate, granular
Grammothele 6: 505
(b) Hymenium with difform, obtuse cylindric warts
Radulum 6: 493
(incl. Phaeoradulum 16: 179)
(c) Hymenium with globose hollowed granules
Grandinia 6: 500
b. Hymenium with folds or laminae
(1) Hymenium with fold-like crests
(a) Crests with edge entire Phlebia 6: 497
(b) Crests with edge incised Lopharia 6: 500
(2) Hymenium with anastomosing radiate laminae
Thwaitesiella 11: 112
Family 64. POLYPORACEAE
6:1, 9: 150, 11:70, 14: 164, 16: 138, 17:95
Pileus cap-shaped, shelf-like, or resupinate, very rarely volvate or annulate,
fleshy, leathery or woody, rarely gelatinous; hymenium consisting of pores, very rarely
somewhat lamellar; spores typically 1-celled, hyaline or colored.
I. Pileus fleshy, putrescent, or gelatinous
1. Pileus fleshy
a. Stipe volvate or annulate
(1) Stipe volvate +Boletium 14: 164
(Volvoboletus)
POLY PORACEAE 109
(2) Stipe annulate Boletopsis 14: 164
b. Stipe not volvate or annulate
(1) Stipe central, tubes usually not discrete from each other
(a) Spores cylindric, minute +Bactroboletus 16: 142
(Filoboletus)
(b) Spores globose to fusoid
x. Pileus and stipe beautifully squarrose-scaly
Strobilomyces 6: 49
y. Pileus and stipe not squarrose-scaly
(x) Layer of tubes separating readily from the hymenophore
Boletus 6:2
(incl. Suillus, Tylopilus 16: 142)
(y) Layer of tubes not separating readily from the hymenophore
m. Tubes not discrete from each other
(m) Tubes radiate; hymenophore mucronate
Boletinus 6: 51
(n) Tubes sinuose or gyrose; hymenophore smooth
Gyrodon 6: 51
n. Tubes discrete from each other
Fistulinella 17: ror
(2) Stipe lateral; tubes discrete from each other
Fistulina 6:54
2. Pileus gelatinous
a. Stalked; spores brown
(1) Pileus single Rodwaya 16:172
(2) Pileus many, superimposed on the stipe
Mycodendrum 9g: 206
b. Mostly sessile; spores hyaline Laschia 6: 404
II. Pileus leathery, corky or woody, rarely tough-fleshy
1. Tubes gelatinous Gloeoporus 6: 403
2. Tubes not gelatinous
a. Hymenium covered by a volva-like membrane
Cryptoporus 17: 125
b. Hymenium not volvate
(1) Tubes in several layers; perennial, woody
Fomes 6: 150
(2) Tubes not stratified in layers
(a) Tubes typically pore-like
x. Tube layer distinct but not separable from the hymenophore; tough-
fleshy to leathery
(x) Pileus thick, tough-fleshy, stalked or sessile
Polyporus 6:55
(incl. Laccocephalum 11: 87)
(y) Pileus thin, coriaceous or membranous
m. Pileus stipitate to dimidiate
(m) Tubes not spiny inside Polystictis 6: 208
(n) Tubes spiny inside Mucronoporus 9g: 188
n. Pileus resupinate Poria 6: 292
110 POLY PORACEAE—AGARICACEAE
y. Tube layer not distinct from hymenophore; tubes often unequally
sunken
(x) Pileus suberose; typically sessile to resupinate
m. Tubes subrotund Trametes 6: 334
(incl. Sclerodepsis 9: 194)
n. Tubes not round, or of two forms
(m) Tubes of two forms, one normal, the other loculiform, en-
closed Myriadoporus 6: 384
(n) Tubes alike, superficial
r. Tubes hexagonal Hexagonia 6: 356
s. Tubes sinuose-labyrinthine, elongate
Daedalea 6: 370
(y) Pileus leathery, membranous or waxy; sessile
m. Tubes immersed in discrete warts; resupinate
Porothelium 6: 421
n. Tubes not immersed in warts
(m) Tubes with a papilla in the center
Theloporus 6: 421
(n) Tubes reticulate-gyrose, not papillate
Merulius 6: 411
(incl. Poroptyche 9: 206)
(b) Tubes lamella-like (see ‘Daedalea also)
x. Tubes of many little laminae Bresadolia 6: 388
y. Tubes lamellose, in radiating series
Favolus 6: 390
z. Tubes really concentric lamellae Cyclomyces 6: 389
Family 65. AGARICACEAE
Pileus typically cap-shaped and stalked, rarely sessile and the hymenium above,
fleshy to corky; pileus sometimes enclosed in a cap veil which persists at the base
of the stipe as a volva; hymenium consisting of radiating lamellae or gills, often
protected by a gill veil which remains on the stipe as a ring; gills covered with
basidia, bearing typically 4 sterigmata and spores; spores typically 1-celled, hyaline
or colored.
Leucosporae
5:8, 9:1, 11:1, 14:63, 16:1, 18:1
Spores colorless, or very dilutely colored even in spore prints, globose to fusoid,
smooth or rough
I. Edge of the gills entire, not canaliculate or split
1. Fleshy, putrescent, not reviving when wet
a. Edge of the gills acute, not fold-like
(1) Trama of the pileus not vesiculose; spores typically smooth
(a) Gills more or less fleshy, readily separable into two layers
x. Stipe central or nearly so
(x) Hymenophore discrete from the fleshy stipe
m. Stipe volvate
AGARICACEAE Ill
Amanita 5:8
(m) Stipe annulate
Amanitopsis 5: 20
(n) Stipe not annulate
n. Stipe not volvate
(m) Stipe annulate Lepiota 5:27
(n) Stipe not annulate Schulzeria 5:72
(y) Hymenophore homogeneous and confluent with the fleshy or fibrous-
elastic stipe
m. Stipe annulate, without a volva
Armillaria 5:73
Stipe not annulate or volvate
(m) Gills adnate or sinuate, not decurrent
Tricholoma 5:87
n.
(n) Gills typically decurrent
Clitocybe 5: 141
(z) Hymenophore confluent with the cartilaginous stipe but hetero-
geneous from it
m. Gills not decurrent
(m) Cap very thin, diaphanous
Hiatula 5: 305
(n) Cav not diaphanous
Margin of the young cap turned in
Collybia 5: 200
Margin of the young cap straight
Mycena 5: 251
(incl. Eomycenella 17: 21)
Tr.
Ss.
n. Gills decurrent; cap umbilicate
Omphalia 5: 208
y. Stipe excentric or none Pleurotus 5: 339
(b) Gills waxy rather than fleshy, splitting with difficulty
Hygrophorus 5: 387
(2) Trama of cap more or less vesiculose; spores globose, spiny
(a) Gills with milky, white or bright-colored sap
Lactarius 5: 423
(incl. Lactariopsis 17:30)
(b) Gills with clear sap, if any Russula 5: 453
b. Edge of gills obtuse or fold-like
(1) Gills decurrent, dichotomous, somewhat waxy
Cantharellus 5: 482
(2) Gills not decurrent
(a) Gills somewhat broad, obtuse
(b) Gills thin or obsolete
x. Gills thin
(x) Gills vein-like, fleshy
Nyctalis 5: 499
Arrhenia 5: 498
(incl. Campanella 14:100, Rim-
bachia 11: 32)
(y) Gills of two sorts, gelatinous
Stylobates 5: 502
112 AGARICACEAE
y. Gills obsolete Cymatella 16: 49
2. Fleshy-leathery, leathery, corky or woody, persistent, reviving when wet
a. Fleshy-leathery or gelatinous-leathery
(1) Gills distinct
(a) Stipe discrete from the hymenophore
x. Cap fleshy and tough or thin and leathery
Marasmius 5: 503
(incl, Marasmiopsis 14: 101)
y. Cap gelatinous-leathery Heliomyces 5: 569
(b) Stipe and hymenophore continuous
x. Edge of gills acute
(x) Edge serrate Lentinus 5: 571
(incl. Lentodium 14: 121, Lento-
diopsis 17: 47)
(y) Edge entire Panus 5: 614
y. Edge of gills obtuse, gills dichotomous
Xerotus 5: 630
(2) Gills fold-like, edges canaliculate or crisp
Trogia 5: 635
b. Corky
(1) Gills distinct
(a) Gills tomentose Tilotus 5: 652
(b) Gills smooth Lenzites 5: 637
(2) Gills line-like, parallel, flcxuous Hymenogramme 5: 652
II. Edge of gill split or appendiculate
1. Fleshy
a. Stipe central; edge of gills split Oudemansiella 5: 653
b. Stipe lateral; edge with apperdages Pterophyllus 5: 654
2. Membranous or coriaceous
a. Membranous; stipe central; gills split into flexuous fragments
Rhacophyllus 5: 654
b. Coriaceous; stipe none or lateral; edge split and revolute
Schizophyllum 5: 654
: Rhedosporae
5: 656, 9:82, 11: 43, 14: 124, 16:69, 18:52
Spores rosy, salmon-colored or rosy-rust-colored in spore prints, paler
under the miscoscope
I. Stipe central
1. Hymenophore discrete from the stipe
a. Stipe volvate at base
(1) Stipe annulate also Metraria 9: 82
(2) Stipe not annulate Volvaria 5:656
b. Stipe not volvate
(1) Stipe annulate Annularia 5: 663
(2) Stipe not annulate
(a) Fleshy; gills free Pluteus 5: 665
AGARICACEAE 113
(b) Tough; gills adnexed Schinzinia 11: 44
2. Hymenophore homogeneous and confluent with the stipe
a. Gills decurrent
(1) Stipe fleshy-fibrous Clitopilus 5: 698
(2) Stipe cartilaginous Eccilia 5: 729
b. Gills adnexed, sinuate or free
(1) Stipe fleshy-fibrous; gills sinuate Entoloma 5: 679
(2) Stipe cartilaginous; gills not sinuate
(a) Cap convex; margin at first inflexed
Leptonia 5: 706
(b) Cap campanulate; margin straight from the first
Nolanea 5: 716
3. Hymenophore continuous with the cartilaginous .stipe, but different from it;
volvate Volvariella 16:70
II. Stipe excentric or none; lignicole Claudopus 5: 733
Ochrosporae
5: 735, 9:90, 11: 48, 14: 131, 16:83, 18:62
Spores ochraceous or more or less rust-colored
I. Gills not separating readily or naturally from hymenophore
1. Gill veil not cobwebby
a. Stipe central
(1) Stipe volvate or annulate
(a) Stipe volvate Locellina 5: 761
(b) Stipe annulate Pholidota 5: 736
(incl. Pholiotella 9: 90)
(2) Stipe not volvate or annulate
(a) Gills not deliquescing
x. Stipe fleshy
(x) Gills adnate or decurrent Flammula 5: 809
(y) Gills mostly sinuate
m. Cap fibrillose, silky or scaly
Inocybe 5: 762
n. Cap smooth, more or less viscid
Hebeloma 5: 791
y. Stipe cartilaginous
(x) Gills decurrent Tubaria 5: 872
(y) Gills not decurrent
m. Margin of cap inflexed at first
Naucoria 5: 828
n. Margin of cap straight
(m) Stipe discrete from hymenophore; gills free
Pluteolus 5: 859
(n) Stipe homogeneous with hymenophore
Galera 5: 860
(b) Gills deliquescing Bolbitius 5: 1073
b. Stipe excentric or none; lignicole Crepidotus 5: 676
114 AGARICACEAE
2. Gill veil cobwebby, hanging curtain-like from the margin, often disappearing
completely with age Cortinarius 5: 889
II. Gills separating readily from the hymenophore; margin of cap persistently
involute Paxillus 5: 983
Melanosporae
5:Q01, 9:136, 11:69, 14:149, 16:112, 18:82
Spores purple, dark-purple to black
I. Spores purple or dark-purple
1. Hymenophore discrete from stipe
a. Stipe volvate at base
(1) Stipe annulate Chitoniella 14: 149
(2) Stipe not annulate tChitonis 5: 992
(Chitonia, Clarkeinda)
b. Stipe not volvate
(1) Stipe annulate Agaricus 5: 993
(2) Stipe not annulate; gills free Pilosace 5: 1010
2. Hymenophore continuous with stipe
a. Stipe annulate Stropharia 5: 1012
b. Stipe not annulate; margin sometimes cortinate
(1) Margin of cap cortinate; rarely subannulate
Hypholoma 5: 1027
(2) Margin not cortinate
(a) Gills decurrent Deconica 5: 1058
(b) Gills not decurrent
x. Margin of cap inflexed at first Psilocybe 5: 1043
y. Margin of cap straight Psathyra 5: 1060
TI. Spores dark or black, not purple
1. Gills deliquescing Coprinus 5: 1078
2. Gills not deliquescing
a. Gills united above to the hymenophore
(1) Cap fleshy, fleshy-waxy or membranous
(a) Gills waxy; spores globose, spiny
Phaeohygrocybe 17: 81
(b) Gills not waxy
x. Margin of cap with a viscid cobwebby cortina
Phaeolimacium 16: 110
y. Margin of cap not viscid-cortinate
(x) Spores globose to elliptic
m. Stipe annulate; variegated gills exceeding the margin
Anellaria 5: 1125
n. Stipe not annulate
(m) Cap fleshy, not striate; variegated gills exceeding the margin
Panaeolus 5: 1118
(n) Cap membranous, striate; uniform gills not exceeding the
margin Psathyrella 5: 1126
PHALLACEAE 115
(y) Spores elongate, fusoid; gills decurrent
Gomphidius 5: 1137
(2) Cap leathery-horny; spores minute, globose
Anthracophyllum 5: 1139
b. Gills free above, not united to the hymenophore; stipe dilated into a lamellar
disk above Montagnites 5: 1140
Order 15. LYCOPERDALES (GASTEROMYCETES)
Typically terrestrial, sometimes lignicole or hypogaeous, fleshy, leathery or mem-
branous; spores borne on basidia, in a receptacle or a peridium, continuous, hyaline
or colored.
Family 66. PHALLACEAE
7:2, 9: 262, 11: 153, 14:254, 16: 224, 17: 212
Receptacle arising from a volva, bearing outside or inside the sporiferous pulp
or gleba, stalk-like, pileiform, or sessile and more or less clathrate
I. Gleba covering the outside of receptacle; receptacle stalk-like, pileate or appendaged
1. Receptacle pileate; gleba on outer surface of pileus
a. Stalk with an appendage below the pileus
(1) Appendage net-like; volva smooth Dictyophora 7:3
(2) Appendage collar-like; volva aculeate
Echinophallus 16: 226
b. Stalk without an appendage
(1) Upper part of volva remaining with pileus, and enclosing the gleba
Cryptophallus 14: 254
(2) Upper part of volva not enclosing gleba at maturity
Ithyphallus 7:8
(incl. Alboffiella 16: 227)
2. Receptacle without hanging pileus; gleba borne directly on the apex of the
stalk-like receptacle
a. Receptacle without appendages
(1) Receptacle floccose Floccimutinus 14: 255
(2) Receptacle not floccose Mutinus 7:12
(incl. Aporophallus Itajahya
112153, Jansia 16: 226)
b. Receptacle or gleba with coralloid processes
Kalchbrennera 7: 14
IJ. Gleba on the inside of the hollow receptacle, which is clathrate or lobed
1. Receptacle hollow and clathrate, or formed of a few vertical branches joined
at the apex
a. Receptacle stalked
(1) Gleba dimorphous, apex with sterile radiate laminae, lower part with
convolute subclathrate lobes Dictyobole 17: 213
(2) Gleba not dimorphous
(a) Receptacle hollow-clathrate, stalked
116 LYCOPERDACEAE
x. Openings polygonal Simblum 7: 16
y. Openings vertically elongate Colus 7: 21
(b) Receptacle of thin anastomosing branches, stipitiform at base
Clathrella 16: 228
b. Receptacle sessile
(1) Hollow-clathrate, or of a few united vertical branches
Clathrus 7:18
(2) Radiately loculate within Protubera 11: 155
2. Receptacle divided above into free laciniae or lobes
a. Receptacle expanded above into a horizontal border which is laciniate at
the margin Aseroe 7:25
b. Receptacle divided directly into lobes
(1) Lobes distinct from stalk in structure and color
(a) Lobes without winged appendages
Lysurus 7: 22
(b) Lobes with membranous winged appendages
Blumenavia 11: 154
(2) Lobes like the stalk in structure and color
(a) Receptacle spheric, lobes contiguous
Phallogaster 11: 155
(b) Receptacle elongate or cupulate; lobes more or less spreading
x. Lobes sporiferous Anthurus 7: 23
y. Lobes not sporiferous Calathiscus 7: 24
Family 67. LYCOPERDACEAE
7:48, 9: 266, I1:157, 14: 257, 16: 230, 17: 217
Epigaeous, rarely hypogaeous or lignicole, peridium usually globose to pyriform,
sessile or stipitate, membrano-coriaceous, furnished with a mouth or opening ir-
regularly, enclosing a more or less powdery, often floccose, gleba; spores globose
to ellipsoid, hyaline or colored, smooth or rough.
I. Peridium more or less completely traversed by a continuation of the stipe, i. e.,
a columella; gleba lamellate or with membranous septa or more or less uniform
Subfamily Podaxae
1. Gleba lamellate ; capillitium none; peridium turbinate
Gyrophragmium 7: 51
2. Gleba not lamellate, more or less divided by anastomosing septa, or uniform
a. Gleba with septa
(1) Capillitium none; stipe central, not volvate, short
(a) Peridium with broad false radiate lamellae beneath
Elasmomyces 14: 258
(b) Peridium without lamellae beneath
Secotium 7: 51
(2) Capillitium present, filamentous; stipe volvate
Polyplocium 7:55
b. Gleba without septa or locules; capillitium copious
(1) Peridium subsessile; columella free, not touching the apex of the peridium
(a) Epigaeous
LYCOPERDACEAE 117
x. Columella cup-shaped; exoperidium areolate
Cycloderma 7:56
y. Columella obturbinate; exoperidium splitting into lobes
Geasteropsis 17: 229
(b) Hypogaeous; spores subfusoid Mesophellia 7: 56
(2) Peridium stipitate; columella touching the apex of the peridium
(a) Peridium splitting longitudinally, or laterally lacerate ;
x. Peridium opening lengthwise by valves
Chaenoderma 9: 268
y. Peridium laterally lacerate Cauloglossum 7:57
(b) Peridium opening horizontally or circularly
x. Peridium opening around the stipe
Podaxon 7:58
y. Peridium opening circularly around the middle
+ Sphaerocybis 7: 60
(Sphaericeps)
II. Peridium typically without a columella, with exo- and endoperidium; gleba
floccose, rarely septate Subfamily Geasterae
1. Peridium stalked
a. Inner peridium alone persistent
(1) Peridium fixed to stipe, with distinct mouth
Tylostoma 7:60
(2) Peridium easily separable from stipe; mouth none
Queletia 7: 65
b. Both peridial layers persistent
(1) Exoperidium forming a volva about the stipe
(a) Endoperidium convex; spores on upper surface
Battarea 7: 65
(b) Endoperidium hemispheric; spores within
+ Podoloma 17: 223
(Battareopsis)
(2) Exoperidium not volvate; inner peridium with a mouth
(a) Endoperidium with plicate-sulcate mouth; capillitium copious
Husseya 7:67
(b) Endoperidium suspended free in cavity of exoperidium, mouth with
bright-colored scales Mitromyces 7: 68
2. Exoperidium sessile, typically stellate-laciniate, containing 1 or more endoperidia
a. Endoperidium one
(1) Spores borne on the inside
(a) Exoperidium closed Diploderma 7: 92
(b) Exoperidium opening stellately or circularly
x. Exoperidium stellate
(x) Endoperidium dehiscent, usually by a mouth; capillitium present
Geaster 7: 70
(y) Endoperidium indehiscent; capillitium none
Stella 9: 272
118 LYCOPERDACEAE
y. Exoperidium cup-shaped, mouth minute, ciliate
Diplocystis 7: 92
(2) Spores borne on the outside of endoperidium; stellate
Trichaster 7: 93
b. Endoperidia several
(1) Mycelium crust-like; capillitium not hollow
Broomeia 7: 93
(2) Mycelium not crust-like; capillitium hollow
Coelomyces 7: 94
III. Peridium without a columella; exoperidium lacking or consisting of a papery
or spiny cortex; gleba floccose Subfamily Lycoperdae
1. Peridium with a distinct, stalk-like sterile base; exoperidium spiny or warty
Lycoperdon 7: 106
2.
Peridium without sterile base; gleba fertile throughout
a. Peridium sessile or nearly so
(1) Capillitium a dense elastic mass discrete from the peridium
(a) Peridium persistent Lanopila 7: 95
(b) Peridium falling away Eriosphaera 7: 96
(2) Capillitium not dense elastic and discrete
(a) Peridium persistent
x. Mouth at apex, or lacking Povista 7: 96
y. Mouth at base when in the ground
Catastoma 11: 165
Lycoperdopsis 16: 243
b. Peridium stipitate; exoperidium dehiscing above along undulating folds
Calvatia 7: 105
(b) Peridium entirely falling away
IV. Peridium without columella;
sporangioles, or powdery
1. Gleba without sporangioles, finally powdery
a. Peridium none; gleba naked, subcylindric
gleba with cell-like spaces, often containing
Subfamily Sclercdermatae
Gymnoglossum 11: 158
b. Peridium present, enclosing the gleba
(1) Peridium sessile or nearly so
(a) Peridium not dehiscent
x. Gleba reticulate-veined, hard Corditubera 14: 266
y. Gleba not reticulate-veined, somewhat floccose
(x) Spores globose Hippoperdon 7: 133
(y) Spores fusiform Castoreum 7: 142
(b) Peridium dehiscent stellately or irregularly
Scleroderma 7: 134
(incl. Caloderma 16: 243)
(2) Peridium stalked
(a) Peridium not dehiscent, clavate fCorynogaster 14: 266
(Clavogaster)
(b) Peridium dehiscent
LYCOPERDACEAE—HY MENOGASTRACEAE 119
x. Peridium clavate, splitting above and entirely disappearing
Favillea 7: 146
y. Peridium globoid, not entirely disappearing
(x) Stipe hollow; peridium dehiscing irregularly, or rimose
Phellorina 7:145
(y) Stipe not hollow
m. Peridium many-lobed; stipe fibrous-woody
Xylopodium 7:143
n. Peridium reticulately dehiscent; stipe solid
Areolaria 7: 144
2. Gleba containing numerous sporangioles
a. Sporangioles fleshy or gelatinous
(1) Peridium stipitate; stipe with persistent cupulate volva
Dictyocephalus 17: 238
(2) Peridium not volvate, sessile or with stipe-like base
(a) Parasitic in glumes; peridium not dehiscent
Testicularia 7: 150
(b) Terrestrial or parasitic on roots
x. Peridium with sterile stipe-like base, mucose-cellular within
Polysaccum 7: 146
y. Peridium sessile, fleshy-cellular within
Polygaster 7: 146
b. Sporangioles membranous, not fleshy or gelatinous
(1) Peridium corky; sporangioles round
Arachnium 7: 150
(2) Peridium membranous; sporangioles cylindric, gyrose
Scoleciocarpus 7: 151
(3) Peridium hard; sporangioles large, flexuous
Paurocotylis 7: 152
Family 68. HYMENOGASTRACEAE
5154, 9: 280, 11: 168, 14: 267, 16: 245, 17: 239
Typically subterranean, very rarely epigaeous, mycelium often persistent; peridi-
um not opening at maturity, wall occasionally lacking, more or less globose; gleba
fleshy or gelatinous, putrescent, more or less cellular or loculate, capillitium none.
I. Peridium wall present, distinct
1. Peridium easily separating from the gleba
a. Peridium volvate
(1) Peridium silky, reticulate-sulcate; volva gelatinous
Clathrogaster 16: 250
(2) Peridium waxy-gelatinous, not sulcate
Torrendia 17: 241
b. Peridium not volvate
(1) Peridium vertical, elongate-cylindric; basidia 2-spored
Protoglossum 11: 158
(2) Peridium more or less globose
120 HYMENOGASTRACEAE—NIDULARIACEAE
(a) Endosporium and exosporium separated by a hyaline mucus
Leucogaster g: 281
(b) Endosporium and exosporium contiguous
x. Spores elliptic to lanceolate, smooth
Hysterangium 7: 155
y- Spores globose, rough or spiny
(x) Peridium lanate; basidia usually 7-spored
Sclerogaster 11: 169
(y) Peridium not lanate; basidia 3-4-spored
m. Gleba with a sterile base, radicate
Octaviania 7: 158
n. Gleba without a sterile base, not radicate
Martellia 16: 252
2. Peridium separating from the gleba with difficulty or not at all
a. Peridium covered with thread-like masses of mycelium
(1) Spores hyaline Rhizopogon 7: 161
(2) Spores colored Melanogaster 7: 164
b. Peridium without thread-like masses of mycelium
(1) Spores spiny
(a) Gleba percurrent by a co1umella
Arcangeliella 16: 255
(b) Gleba without a columella Hydnangium 7: 175
(2) Spores not spiny, smooth, verrucose, rugose, etc.
(a) Gleba with branching columella and sterile base
Dendrogaster 17: 240
(b) Gleba without columella or sterile base
Hymenogaster 7: 168
(incl. Chamonixia, Leucophleps
16: 251)
II. Peridium wall lacking
1. Hypogaeous
a. Spores elliptic, striate-sulcate Gautiera 7:177
b. Spores globose, spiny or warty Gymnomyces 16: 249
2. Epigaeous; spores globose, warty Macowanites 7:179
Family 69. NIDULARIACEAE
7:28, 9: 265, 11: 156, 14: 256, 16: 220, 17: 214
Epigaeous, fimicole or lignicole, funnel-shaped to cup-shaped, leathery, con-
taining one to many lentiform or globoid sporangioles, the latter attached by a cord
to the wall of the peridium; spores elliptic, smooth.
I. Peridium single
1. Peridium with several to many sporangioles
a. Peridium torn at the apex in opening Nidularia 7:28
b. Peridium opening by a deciduous membrane
(1) Sporangioles attached to wall by a cord
(a) Spores mixed with filaments; peridium of three united layers
Cyathus 7: 32
PHOMATACEAE 121
(b) Spores not mixed with filaments; peridium of a single cottony layer
Crucibulum 7: 43
(2) Sporangioles densely crowded in a glutinous substance
Nidula 17: 215
2. Peridium with a single gelatinous sporangiole
Dacryobolus 7: 45
lI. Peridium double, outer stellate, inner with a single viscous sporangiole
Sphaerobolus 7: 46
FUNGI IMPERFECTI
Secondary or propagative stages of other fungi, largely Ascomycetes, charac-
terized by the presence of conidia borne in perithecia-like or disk-like structures, on
a stroma, or on a mycelial mass. Many of these forms have been connected by means
of experiment with the corresponding perfect stage, but the vast majority of them
are found alone in nature.
Order 16. PHOMATALES (Sphaeropsideae Sacc. 3:1)
Conidia borne on simple or branched threads, so-called basidia, in pycnidia;
pycnidia globose, conic, elongate, dimidiate, disk-shaped or cup-shaped, membranous,
carbonous, coriaceous or somewhat fleshy, usually black, sometimes bright-colored.
Family 70. PHOMATACEAE (Sphaerioidaceae 3: 1)
Pycnidia globose, conic or lens-like, membranous, carbonous or subcoriaceous,
black, immersed, or superficial, separate or in a stroma; conidia from 1 to many-
celled, hyaline or dark.
Hyalosporae
3:1, 10: 100, 11: 472, 14: 844, 16: 825, 18: 220
Conidia 1-celled, hyaline, globose, ovoid or oblong, often curved
I. Pycnidia separate
1. Pycnidia smooth
a. Pycnidia borne in discolored areas, i. e., maculicole
Phyllosticta 3:3
b. Pycnidia not maculicole
(1) Conidia single, not in chains
(a) Conidia muticate, not ciliate or trigonous
x. Subicle none
(x) Pycnidia muticate or papillate, not rostrate or cylindric
m. Pycnidia erumpent or immersed
(m) Basidia 1-spored, mostly short
r. Pycnidia papillate
(r) Growing on lichens
Lichenosticta 16: 851
(s) Not lichenicole
h. Basidia hamate Phomopsis 18: 264
122 PHOMATACEAE
i. Basidia not hamate
(h) Conidia less than 154
Phoma 3: 65
(i) Conidia 15 or more long
Macrophoma tro: 189
s. Pycnidia astomous or irregularly dehiscent
(r) Pycnidia subcarnose, sclerotioid
h. Conidia obtuse at both ends
Plenodomus 3: 184
i. Conidia acute at both ends
Sclerotiopsis 3: 184
(s) Pycnidia carbonous, circumscissile ;
Piptostomum 3: 183
(n) Basidia several-spored, branched
: Dendrophoma 3: 178
n. Pycnidia superficial
(m) Pycnidia dense in asteroma-like spots
Asteromella 3: 182
(n) Pycnidia not in such spots
r. Pycnidia globose or nearly so
(r) Basidia short, straight
Aposphaeria 3: 169
(s) Basidia beautifully circinate
Pyrenotrichum 3: 184
(t) Basidia none Mycogala 3: 185
s. Pycnidia turbinate, carnose
Crocicreas 3: 183
(y) Pycnidia rostrate or cylindric
m. Pycnidia globose, rostrate
Sphaeronaema 3: 185
n. Pycnidia cylindric Glutinium 11: 500
y. Subicle present
(x) Subicle white, cobwebby Cicinnobolus 3: 216
(incl. Byssocystis 11: 502)
(y) Subicle dark
m. Subicle usually radiate Asteroma 3: 201
n. Subicle not radiate Chaetophoma 3: 199
(b) Conidia ciliate, forked or angled
x. Conidia ciliate at apex
(x) Apex t-ciliate Strasseria 18: 284
(y) Apex several-ciliate Neottiospora 3: 216
y. Conidia forked or angled
(x) Conidia Y-like; subicle present
Ypsilonia 3: 215
(y) Conidia trigonous Trigonosporium 16: 892
(2) Conidia in chains
HYALOSPORAE 123
(a) Chains of spores simple or nearly so
Sirococcus 3: 217
(b) Chains of spores connected, often net-like
Peckia 3: 217
2. Pycnidia with hairs or bristles ;
a. Bristles stellate; conidia ovoid Staurochaeta 3: 218
b. Bristles simple
(1) Basidia usually simple, conidia fusoid
Vermicularia 3: 221
(2) Basidia usually branched, conidia oblong
Pyrenochaeta 3: 219
II. Pycnidia in a stroma
1. Stroma globose, conic or valsa-like
a. Conidia in chains *Sirodothis
b. Conidia single
(1) Stroma globose, conic or pulvinate
(a) Stroma more or less globose or pulvinate
x. Stroma unilocular Dothiopsis 10: 228
y. Stroma several- or many-locular
(x) Pycnidia distinct
m. Pycnidia aggregate in a basal stroma
Dothiorella 3: 235
n. Pycnidia more deeply immersed
(m) Necks not joined in one ostiole
Lamyella 11: 510
(n) Necks joined in a single ostiole
Torsellia 11: 510
(y) Pycnidia merely locules in the stroma
m. Locules several, not numerous
Rabenhorstia 3: 243
n. Locules very numerous Fuckelia 3: 244
(b) Stroma conic-truncate, conidia bacillar
Ceuthospora 3: 277
(2) Stroma valsa-like
(a) Conidia fusoid or bacillar Fusicoccum 3: 247
(b) Conidia allantoid Cytospora 3: 252
(c) Conidia globose or ovoid Cytosporella 3: 251
2. Stroma applanate, effuse or linear
a. Stroma linear, conidia connate in fours
Gamosporella 10: 238
b. Stroma applanate or effuse
(1) Growing on leaves and stems Placosphaeria 3: 244
(2) Growing on fungi Anthracoderma 10: 238
Of Uncertain Position.
Manginia 18: 266. a Phoma with micro- and macropycnidia
124 PHOMATACEAE
Phaeosporae
3: 201, 10: 251, IL: 511, 14: 919, 16: 905, 18: 302
Conidia 1-celled, dark, globose, ovoid or oblong
I. Pycnidia separate
1. Pycenidia without mycelium or subicle
a. Pycnidia smooth, not hairy
(1) Conidia in chains, globose Sirothecium 10: 270
(2) Conidia not in chains
(a) Pycnidia sessile, spheroid
x. Pycnidia beaked Naemosphaera 10: 259
y. Pycnidia not beaked
(x) Pycnidia with a distinct orbicular locule
Hypocenia 3: 320
(y) Pycnidia without such a locule
m. Conidia on long basidia
(m) Pycnidia thin, white-lacerate at top
Harknessia 3: 320
(n) Pycnidia subcarbonous, not lacerate
Sphaeropsis 3: 291
n. Basidia very short or obsolete
Coniothyrium 3: 305
(b) Pycnidia stipitate, clavate Levieuxia 3: 321
b. Pycnidia hairy or setose Chaetomella 3: 321
2. Pycnidia with distinct mycelium or subicle :
a. Pycnidia astomous, in a dark subicle Cepnodiastrum 10: 272
b. Pycnidia perforate, with basal hyphae Cicinnobella 18: 302
II. Pycnidia cespitose or in a stroma
1. Pycnidia in dense erumpent clusters Haplosporella 3: 323
2. Pycnidia in a definite stroma
a. Stroma applanate or effuse, foliicole Discomycetopsis II: 517
b. Stroma dot-like, discoid or hemispheric
(1) Stroma dot-like, immersed Melanconiopsis 16: 915
(2) Stroma discoid to hemispheric
(a) Stroma discoid; spores large Nothopatella 11: 517
(b) Stroma pulvinate; spores minute, catenulate
Cytoplea 3:325
(c) Stroma hemispheric; pycnidia circinate
fCircinastrum 3: 325
(Weinmannodora)
Hyalodidymae
3: 384, 10:205, I1:522, 14:942, 16:925, 18: 335
Conidia hyaline, 1-septate, ovoid, ellipsoid or oblong
I. Pycnidia separate
1. Pycnidia not beaked
a. Pycnidia in discolored areas, maculicole
PHAEODIDYMAE 125
(1) Pycnidia immersed, then erumpent, perforate
(a) Conidia muticate Ascochyta 3: 384
(b) Conidia with setae at the apex Robillardia 3: 407
(2) Pycnidia superficial, astomous Pucciniospora 10: 317
b. Pycnidia not maculicole
(1) Pycnidia hairy Didymochaete 14: 953
(Vermiculariella 16: 940)
(2) Pycnidia smooth
(a) Conidia with an appendage at each end
x. Conidia with 1 or more bristles Darluca 3: 410
y. Conidia with cap-like appendages Tiarospora 10: 311
(b) Conidia muticate
x. Basidia 1-spored
(x) Pycnidia on a cobwebby subicle, phyllogenous
Actinonema 3: 408
(y) Pycnidia without subicle, ramicole
Diplodina 3: 411
y. Basidia several-many-spored Cystotricha 3: 413
2. Pycnidia beaked Rhynchophoma 3: 414
lI. Pycnidia in a stroma
1. Stroma effuse
a. Stroma consisting of two distinct layers
Thoracella 16: 941
b. Stroma of a single layer Placosphaerella 14: 948
2. Stroma verruciform
a. Stroma superficial Pazschkella 16: 528
b. Stroma erumpent Cytodiplospora 11: 942
Phaeodidymae
2: 320, 10: 275, 11: 518, 14:927, 16:915, 18: 319
Spores dark, 1-septate, ovoid to oblong
I. Pycnidia separate
1. Pycnidia beaked
a. Pycnidia hairy Rhynchodiplodia 18: 329
b. Pycnidia smooth Pellioniella 18: 329
2. Pycnidia not beaked
a. Pycnidia hairy Chaetodiplodia 3: 374
b. Pycnidia smooth
(1) Conidia with a mucous layer, very large
Macrodiplodia 3: 374
(2) Conidia without a mucous layer
(a) Pycnidia erumpent
x. Conidia 1-ciliate at apex *Chaetoconis 10: 337
(Kellermannia in part)
y. Conidia muticate
(x) Conidia less than 15 # long
Microdiplodia 18: 323
126 PHOMATACEAE
(y) Conidia 15# or more long Diplodia 3: 329
(b) Pyenidia superficial, lignicole Diplodiella 3: 375
II. Pycnidia cespitose or in a stroma .
1. Pycenidia cespitose Botryodiplodia 3: 377
2. Pycnidia in a stroma
a. Pycnidia and subicle enclosed’ in a hemispheric stroma
Lasiodiplodia 14: 939
b. Pycnidia without subicle, in a globose stroma
Diplodiopsis 18: 335
Hyalophragmiae
31418, 10: 330, 11: 533, 14:962, 16:947, 18: 358
Conidia hyaline, 2-several-septate, oblong to fusoid
I. Pycnidia more or less globose
1. Subicle none
a. Conidia appendaged at apex
(1) Seta 1 Kellermannia 10: 337
(2) Setae 3 Bartalinia 16: 951
b. Conidia muticate Stagonospora 3: 445
2. Subicle present, dark, phyllogcenous Asteromidium 10: 338
II. Pyenidia elongate to cylindric Mastomyces 3: 456
Phaeophragmiae
3: 418, 10: 317, 11: 528, 14:953, 16:.943, 18: 362
Conidia hyaline, 2-several-septate, oblong to fusoid
I. Pycnidia separate
1. Conidia free from each other
a. Conidia muticate
(1) Pycnidia papillate or subastomous
(a) Pycnidia with flattened base Macrobatis 11: 532
(b) Pycnidia globose, without flattened base
x. Pycnidia on a stellate subicle, superficial
Couturea 3: 442
y. Pycnidia without a subicle, crumpent
(x) Pycnidia hairy Wojnowicia 14: 960
(y) Pycnidia smooth Hendersonia 3: 418
(2) Pycnidia opening widely, with an operculum
(a) Pycnidia superficial, dark, hairy Angiopoma 3: 442
(b) Pycnidia immersed, pale, smooth
Lichenopsis 3: 442
b. Conidia appendaged
(1) Conidia 1-ciliate at each end Cryptostictis 3: 443
(2) Conidia 1-ciliate at base by the basidium
tUroconis 18: 368
(Urohendersonia)
(3) Conidia with a round or cup-like appendage at each end
Santiella 16: 947
2.
II.
a.
HY ALODICTY AE—SCOLECOSPORAE
Conidia united in groups
Pycnidia locules in a stroma
Conidia united into a fascicle
b. Conidia stellately united
Eriosporina 11: 532
Prosthemium 3: 444
Hendersonula 3: 445
Hyalodictyae
Conidia hyaline, muriform, ovoid or oblong
I. Pycnidia erumpent, papillate
+Hyalothyris 16: 955
(Hyalothyridium)
Phaeodictyae
3.459, 10: 338, 11:536, 14: 964, 16:951, 18: 369
Conidia dark, muriform, oblong to ovoid, rarely radiate or cruciate
I. Pyenidia separate
I.
Conidia not reticulately roughened
a. Pycnidia corticole, erumpent
b. Pycnidia xylogenous, subsuperficial
2s
If,
Conidia reticulately roughened
Pycnidia locules in a stroma
Camarosporium 3: 459
Cytosporium 3: 470
Endobotrya 3: 470
Dichomera 2: 471
Scolecosporae
3: 474, 10: 349, 11: 538, 14: 967, 16:956, 18: 376
Conidia hyaline or dilutely colored, elongate-fusoid, bacillar or filiform,
continuous or septate.
I. Pycnidia separate
I.
Pycnidia membranous or carbonous
a. Pycnidia superficial
1
v.
(1) Pycnidia hairy
(a) Conidia single on the basidia
(b) Conidia ternate on the basidia
(2) Pycnidia smooth
(a) Pycnidia beaked
(b) Pycnidia not beaked
x. Conidia usually expelled in a ball
y. Conidia not expelled in a ball
Pycnidia immersed or erumpent
(1) Pycnidia hairy, maculicole
(2) Pycnidia smooth
(a) Pycnidia beaked
(b) Pycenidia not beaked
x. Pycnidia maculicole, phyllogenous
y. Pycnidia not maculicole
Trichocollonema 18: 404
Gamospora I0: 402
Cornularia 3:508
Collonema 10: 397
Septorella 14: 981
Trichoseptoria 11: 548
Sphaerographium 3: 596
Septoria 3: 474
(x) Pyenidia complete at top, usually papillate
Rhabdospora 3: 578
127
128 ZY THIACEAE
(y) Pycnidia more or less incomplete at top
m. Pycnidia gaping, showing a gelatinous spore mass
Gelatinosporium 3: 596
n. Pycnidia not exposing a gelatinous mass
(m) Pycnidia foliicole Phleospora 3: 577
(n) Pycnidia rami-caulicole | Phlyctaena 3: 593
2. Pycnidia suberose, incomplete, often pale
a. Pycnidia cespitose Micropera 3: 604
b. Pycnidia merely gregarious Micula 3: 604
II. Pyenidia in a stroma
1. Conidia 4-6 fasciculate on a basidium Eriospora 3: 600
2. Conidia separate
a. Conidia setose-penicillate Dilophospora 3: 600
b. Conidia muticate
(1) Stroma superficial, setose tMerodothidis 18: 405
(Septodothideopsis)
(2) Stroma erumpent or immersed
(a) Pycnidia distinct in the stroma Cytosporina 3: 601
(b) Pycnidia locules in the stroma Septosporiella 10: 403
Family 71. ZYTHIACEAE
(Nectrioidaceae Sacc. 3: 613)
Pycnidia, and stromata when present, fleshy or waxy, light-colored, white, yellow,
red or orange, globose, more rarely cup-shaped or hysterioid; conidia various, mostly
hyaline.
Subfamily Zythiae
Pycnidia more or less globose
Hyalosporae
31613, 10: 404, 11: 552, 14: 988, 16: 983, 18: 407
I. Pycnidia separate
1. Pycnidia smooth
a. Pycnidia beakless
(1) Conidia in chains Sirozythia 18: 410
(2) Conidia not catenulate
(a) Pycnidia on creeping hyphae Eurotiopsis 10: 406
(b) Pycnidia without mycelium
x. Conidia spiny or ciliate
‘(x) Conidia spiny Roumegueriella 3: 616
(y) Conidia with several cilia at apex
Ciliospora 18: 410
y. Conidia smooth
(x) Pycnidia single-walled
m. Pycnidia more or less papillate
Zythia 3: 614
ZYTHIACEAE 12)
n. Pycnidia with crateriform ostiole
Libertiella 3: 616
o. Pycnidia cup-shaped Lemalis 3: 672
(y) Pycnidia with outer circumscissile wall
Dichlaena 3: 620
b. Pyenidia beaked Sphaeronaemella 3: 617
2. Pycnidia hairy or spiny
a. Pycnidia densely beset with conoid t-celled setae
Muricularia 3: 218
b. Pycnidia with slender bristles or hairs
(1) Hairs fasciculate Collocystis 3: 616
(2) Hairs separate
(a) Hairs everywhere but at the apex
Chaetozythia 10: 406
(b) Hairs only around the wide ostiole
Pseudozythia 18: 409
{J. Pycnidia cespitose or in a stroma
1. Pycnidia cespitose, beaked; conidia in chains
Treleasiella 14: 989
2. Pycnidia in a stroma
Stroma more or less pulvinate; conidia fusoid
a.
Aschersonia 3: 619
b. Stroma fruticose branched; conidia bacillar
Hypocreodendrum 14: 992
Phaeosporae
10: 409, 18: 416
Conidia dark, 1-celled, globose to oblong
J. Pycnidia separate, beaked; basidia obsolete Ampullaria 18: 416
II. Pycnidia in a stroma Martinella 10: 409
Hyalodidymae
3: 621, 10: 400, 11: 553, 16:986, 18: 416
Conidia hyaline or nearly so, 1-septate, ovoid to oblong
I. Basidia simple or nearly so Pseudodiplodia 3: 621
Il. Basidia dendroid branched Diplozythia 18: 417
Hyalophragmiae 7
3:62I1, 10: 410, 18: 417
Conidia hyaline, several-septate, elliptic to fusoid
I. Conidia oblong-fusoid Stagonopsis 3: 621
Il. Conidia 4-radiate, with septate radii Chiastospora 3: 621
Scolecosporae
3: 622, 10: 410, 18: 418
Conidia hyaline, bacillar or filiform, continuous or septate
J. Pycnidia separate
130 ZYTHIACEAE—LEPTOSTROMATACEAE
1. Pycnidia beakless, almost discoid Trichocrea 10: 410
2. Pycnidia beaked; conidia 1-ciliate Mycorhynchus 18: 418
II. Pycnidia in a stroma; conidia hamate Polystigmina 3: 622
Subfamily Patellinae
Pycnidia cupulate or hysterioid
Hyalosporae
3: 622, 10: 411, 11: 553, 18: 419
Conidia hyaline, 1-celled, globose to oblong
I. Pycnidia separate
1. Pycnidia cup-shaped
a. Pycnidia smooth
(1) Pycnidia carnose; basidia simple, cylindric
Patellina 3: 622
(2) Pycnidia submembranous; basidia branched
Ollula 10: 411
b. Pycnidia hairy
(1) Conidia in chains *Sirocyphis
(2) Conidia not in chains Cyphina 3: 623
2. Pycnidia flattened, oblong, cleft Hysteromyxa 3: 622
II. Pycnidia in a stroma
1. Stroma suberose, white Munkia 10: 408
2. Stroma corneous, black tPycnostroma 18: 415
(Aschersoniopsis)
Hyalophragmiae
IT: 553
Conidia hyaline, several-septate, oblong
I. Pycnidia immersed, waxy Pseudostictis 11: 553
Scolecosporae
10: 411
Conidia hyaline, filiform, continuous
I. Pycnidia waxy, cup-shaped, on a white subicle
Trichosperma 10: 411
Family 72. LEPTOSTROMATACEAE
Pycnidia membranous or carbonous, black, more or less distinctly dimidiate,
scutiform, astomous, ostiolate or cleft, erumpent or superficial.
Hyalosporae
3: 625, 10: 412, 11: 553, 14:.992, 16: 986, 18: 419
Conidia hyaline, 1-celled, globose to oblong
J. Pycnidia separate
1. Pycnidia astomous or variously perforate, but not cleft
a. Basidia lacking
LEPTOSTROMATACEAE
(1) Pycnidia on a subicle
(a) Subicle of fumaginous hyphae Eriothyrium 10: 418
(b) Subicle of broad fibers +Trichopeltium 10: 418
(Trichopeltulum)
(2) Pycnidia without subicle
(a) Conidia muticate
x. Pycnidia stellately divided or cleft
Actinothecium 3: 638
y. Pycnidia depressed-clypeate, not stellate
Leptothyrium 3: 626
(Sacidium 3: 649)
(b) Conidia setulose at each end Tracyella 18: 424
b. Basidia present, cylindric Piggotia 3: 636
2. Pycnidia more or less clearly cleft lengthwise
a. Pycnidia elongate or lanceolate Leptostroma 3: 639
b. Pycnidia subcircular Labrella 3: 647
lI. Pycnidia in a stroma
1. Stroma phyllogenous Melasmia 3: 637
2. Stroma growing on animal hairs Trichophila ro: 423
Phaeosporae
31653, 10: 423, 14:906, 18: 429
Conidia dark, 1-celled, globose to oblong
tH
Pycnidia separate
1. Pycnidia on a dark subicle, radiately dehiscent
Asterostomella 10: 423
2. Pycnidia not on a subicle
a. Conidia conglobate, verrucose Discomycopsella 18: 429
b. Conidia not conglobate, smooth Pirostoma 3: 653
TI. Pycnidia in a stroma
1. Stroma membranous
a. Pycnidia distinct, exserted Peltostroma 18: 430
b. Pycnidia merely locules, immersed Lasmenia 10: 425
2. Stroma carbonous; locules many, immersed
Poropeltis 18: 430
Hyalodidymae
10: 426, 11:557, 18: 431
Conidia hyaline, 1-septate, oblong to fusoid
I. Pycnidia separate
1. Pycnidia astomous or variously perforate, not cleft
a. Conidia muticate Leptothyrella 10: 426
b. Conidia cuspidate at apex, falcate Kabatia 18: 433
2. Pycnidia cleft lengthwise, elongate Fioriella 18: 432
II. Pycnidia in a stroma, rimose Pseudomelasmia 18: 434
131
132 LEPTOSTROMATACEAE
Phaeodidymae
10: 426, 18: 431
Conidia dark, 1-septate, oblong to fusoid
I. Pycnidia separate
a. Pycnidia ostiolate Diplopeltis 10: 426
b. Pycnidia longitudinally cleft Holcomyces 18: 431
II. Pycnidia in a stroma, ostiolate Seynesiopsis 18: 431
Hyalophragmiae
3: 653, 10: 426, 11: 557, 14:996, 16: 992, 18: 434
Conidia hyaline, 2-several-septate, oblong to fusoid
I. Pycnidia astomous or ostiolate, not cleft
1. Conidia muticate; pycnidia with creeping hyphae
Asterothyrium 18: 434
2. Conidia ciliate
a. Conidia fusoid, 1-ciliate at each end Discosia 3: 653
b. Conidia cruciate, each arm 1-ciliate Entomosporium 3: 657
II. Pycnidia rimose dehiscent Cystothyrium 10: 427
Phaeophragmiae
14:997, 18: 435
Conidia dark, 1-several-septate, oblong to fusoid
I. Pycnidia separate, rimose-gaping; conidia 1-ciliate each way
Labridium 14: 997
II. Pycnidia in a stroma; conidia muticate, finally black
Phragmopeltis 18: 435
Scolecosporae
3: 658, 10: 428, 11: 557, 14:907, 16: 992, 18: 436
Conidia normally hyaline, bacillar or filiform, continuous or septate
I. Pycnidia astomous or opening variously
1, Pycnidia with a round ostiole; conidia catenate
Crandallia 14: 998
2. Pycnidia astomous or irregularly dehiscent
a. Pycnidia with radiate-fimbriate margin Actinothyrium 3: 658
b. Pycnidia not radiate-fimbriate
(1) Pycnidia of two kinds, small simple and large loculate
Brunchorstia 10: 43r
(2) Pycnidia of one kind
(a) Conidia muticate
x. Pycnidia corrugate, not hairy; conidia not separating
Melophia 3: 658
y. Pycnidia hairy; conidia separating into joints
Chaetopeltis 14: 998
(b) Conidia ciliate-penicillate at apex
Giulia 18: 435
EXCIPULACEAE 133
II. Pycnidia elongate, longitudinally cleft
1. Basidia simple, bacillar Leptostromella 3: 659
2. Basidia umbellately branched *Petasodes 14: 998
Family 73. EXCIPULACEAE
Pycnidia membranous or carbonous, black, cup-shaped, patellate or hysterioid, at
first more or less spheric, but at length widely open, erumpent or superficial, glabrous
or hairy.
Hyalosporae
3: 665, 10: 432, 11: 558, 14:999, 16: 993, 18: 436
Conidia hyaline, 1-celled, globose to oblong
I. Pycnidia pilose or setose
1. Conidia muticate; pycnidia cupulate Amerosporium 3: 680
2. Conidia ciliate; pycnidia cupulate
a. Conidia several-ciliate at apex Polynema 3: 687
b. Conidia 1-ciliate at each end Dinemasporium 3: 683
II. Pycnidia smooth or nearly so
1. Pycnidia more or less cup-shaped, or disciform
a. Pycnidia composed of conglutinate dark hyphae
Godroniella 3: 665
b. Pyenidia with cellular context
(1) Pycnidia cup-like when mature, sometimes obconoid
(a) Basidia simple
x. Pycnidia cup-shaped Excipula 3: 665
y. Pycnidia terete-conic Catinula 3: 673
(b) Basidia branched . Heteropatella 3: 670
(2) Pycnidia subglobose-collabent, disciform or verruciform
(a) Pycnidia subglobose, irregularly dehiscent and collabent
Dothichiza 3: 671
(b) Pycnidia disciform, often imperfect and covered by epiderm
Discula 3: 674
(c) Pycnidia verruciform; conidia mucose-involute
Agyriellopsis 18: 438
2. Pycnidia hysterioid or valvately gaping
a. Pycnidia widely hysterioid Psilospora 3: 679
b. Pycnidia valvately gaping
(1) Basidia typically branched Sporonema 3: 677
(2) Basidia simple or none Pleococcum 3: 679
Phaeosporae
10: 439, 18: 441
Conidia dark, 1-celled, globose to oblong
I. Pycnidia patellate, smooth Phaeodiscula 10: 439
II. Pycnidia cupulate, setulose at margin TtConiothyris 10: 439
(Coniothyriella)
134 EXC1PULACEAE
Hyalodidymae
3: 687, 10: 440, 11: 560, 14: 1002, 16: 993, 18: 442
Conidia hyaline, 1-septate, oblong to fusoid
I. Pycnidia discoid or patellate
1. Pycnidia discoid, veiled; basidia simple Discella 3: 687
2. Pycnidia patellate, subsuperficial; basidia branched
Pseudopatella 3: 688
II. Pycnidia hysterioid or irregularly gaping
1. Pycnidia hysterioid, elongate Scaphidium 18: 443
2. Pycnidia globose, then irregularly gaping; conidia catenate
Siropatella 18: 443
Hyalophragmiae
3:688, 10: 441, 11: 560, 14: 1002, 18: 443
Conidia hyaline, 2-several-septate, oblong to fusoid
I. Pycnidia cupulate or subcupulate
1. Pycnidia smooth; conidia sometimes 1-ciliate
Excipulina 3: 688
2. Pycnidia setulose
a. Conidia fusoid, inner cells somewhat colored
Excipularia 3: 689
b. Conidia X-shaped, entirely hyaline Acanthothecium 10: 442
II. Pycnidia discoid and inequal, margin lacerate
Pilidium 3: 689
Phaeophragmiae
10: 443, 18: 444
Conidia dark, 2-several-septate, oblong to fusoid
I. Pycnidia hysterioid; conidia not catenate Dichaenopsis 18: 444
II. Pycnidia laciniately dehiscent; conidia catenate
Taeniophora 10: 443
Scolecosporae
3: 690, 10: 443, 14: 1002, 16: 993, 18: 445
Conidia typically hyaline, bacillar or filiform, continuous or septate
I. Pycnidia separate
1. Conidia separating at the joints Schizothyrella 3: 690
(incl. Pseudocenangium 1o: 445)
2. Conidia not separating
a. Pycnidia discoid, margin lacerate; conidia filiform
Protostegia 3: 690
b. Pycnidia mostly cupulate, not lacerate; conidia hamate
Oncospora 3: 691
II. Pycnidia in a stroma, pezizoid Ephelis 3: 691
MELANCONIACEAE 135
Order 17. MELANCONIALES
Family 74. MELANCONIACEAE
Pycnidia lacking, or reduced to a stratum merely; strata typically bearing basidia
of various sorts upon which conidia arise, forming masses or acervuli, which are
immersed or erumpent, black, gray or light-colored, waxy, corneous or even sub-
membranous.
Hyalosporae
3: 608, 10: 446, 11: 562, 14: 1004, 16: 995, 18: 447
Conidia hyaline, 1-celled, globose to oblong, rarely dilutely colored
I. Conidia muticate
I. Masses, or acervuli, not setose
a. Conidia not catenate
(1) Masses bright-colored, subtremelloid
Hainesia 3: 698
(2) Masses gray to black, rarely bright-colored, waxy or horny
(a) Masses gray, rarely bright-colored, waxy
x. Growing on leaves or fruits for the most part
Gloeosporium 3: 699
y. Growing usually on twigs of trees or shrubs
Myxosporium 3: 722
(b) Masses black, discoid, horny Melanostroma 3: 728
b. Conidia in chains
(1) Masses oblong, hysterioid, dark, hard
Hypodermium 3: 728
(2) Masses discoid, pulvinate or conoid
(a) Masses bright-colored, softish Myxosporella 3: 729
(b) Masses dark to black
x. Basidia repeatedly branched
(x) Masses discoid; basidia dichotomous
Blennoria 3: 730
(y) Masses depressed-pulvinate; basidia verticillate
Agyriella 3: 731
(z) Masses perithecioid; basidia irregularly branched
*Hormyllium 3: 733
y.. Basidia simple
(x) Masses perithecioid, black *Thecostroma 3: 752
(y) Masses scutellate, olive or ashen
Myxormia 3: 734
(z) Masses truncate, black below, pale above
Bloxamia 3: 734
2. Masses setose at margin; basidia short, fasciculate
Colletotrichum 3: 735
II. Conidia aristate with a branched awn at apex
Pestalozziella 3: 737
136 MELANCONIACEAE
Phaeosporae
3:749, 10: 471, 11:571, 14: 1018, 16: 1008, 18: 469
Conidia dark, I-celled, globose to oblong or fusoid
I. Conidia solitary on the basidia
I. Conidia globose or oblong Melanconium 3:749
2. Conidia fusoid, often arcuate
a. Basidia not swollen at base Cryptomela 3: 760
b. Basidia swollen at base Basiascum 10: 474
II. Conidia in chains
1. Conidial chains separate Trullula 3: 731
2. Conidial chains in a mucose head Thyrsidium 3: 761
Hyalodidymae
3: 766, 10:475, II: 572, 14: 1020, 16: 1009, 18: 472
Conidia hyaline or nearly so, I-septate, ovoid to fusoid
I. Conidia muticate
1. Saprogenous, on stems and fruits Septomyxa 3: 766
2. Biogenous, typically on leaves Marsonia 3: 767
II. Conidia 3-4-ciliate at each end Gloeosporiella 11: 575
Phaeodidymae
°3:763, 10:475, 11:572, 14: 1029, 16: 1009
Conidia dark, I-septate, ovoid to fusoid
I. Conidia solitary
1. Conidia muticate Didymosporium 3: 763
2. Conidia 1-3-ciliate at apex Neobarclaya 14: 46, 10: 475
II. Conidia catenate, connected by hyaline isthmi
Bullaria 3: 766
Hyalophragmiae
3: 801, 10: 480, 11: 575, 14: 1022, 16: 1012, 18: 474
Conidia hyaline, 2-several-septate, oblong to fusoid or clavate
I. Conidia separate
1. Conidia muticate
a. Conidia oblong or fusoid, masses usually pale
Septogloeum 3: 801
b. Conidia long-clavate; masses dark Rhopalidium 3: 801
2. Conidia 1-several-ciliate, usually at the apex
Pestalozzina 11: 580
II. Conidia united at base into a radiate or stellate group
Prosthemiella 3: 803
(incl. Psammina 10: 498)
Phaeophragmiae
3:771, 10: 480, 11: 575, 14: 1022, 16: 1012, 18: 475
Conidia dark, at least in part, 2-several-septate, oblong to cylindric
MELANCONIACEAE 137
I. Conidia muticate
1. Conidia separate, not in chains
a. Conidia oblong or elongate
(1) Conidia curved-attenuate, i. e., hyaline-rostrate
(a) Conidia dark, except the hyaline beak
Scolecosporium 3: 782
(b) Conidia with 2 inner cells opaque, others clear
Toxosporium 14: 1030
(2) Conidia oblong, not rostrate
(a) Conidia cirrhose protruded and atro-inquinant
Stilbospora 3:771
(b) Conidia not protruded and atro-inquinant
Coryneum 3: 774
b. Conidia stellate-lobed, lobes several-septate
Asterosporium 3: 782
2. Conidia in chains
a. Conidia connected by filiform isthmi
b. Conidia chains without isthmi
Siridium 3: 782
Siridiella 11: 580
(incl. Septotrullula 18: 487)
II. Conidia ciliate
1. Conidia ciliate at apex alone
a. Conidia 1-ciliate Monochaetia 18: 485
b. Conidia several-ciliate Pestalozzia 3: 784
Conidia 1-ciliate at each end Hyaloceras 3: 783
2
(incl. Amphichaeta 18: 486)
Phaeodictyae
3: 803, 10: 508, I1: 565, 14: 1035, 16: 1022, 18: 488
Conidia dark, muriform, ovoid or oblong
[. Conidia muticate
1. Conidia not catenate Steganosporium 3: 803
2. Conidia catenate by cylindric isthmi Phragmotrichum 3: 806
II. Conidia pluriciliate at apex; end cells subhyaline
Morinia 10: 508
Scolecosporae
3:737, 10: 498, 11: 582, 14: 1031, 16: 1018, 18: 488
Conidia cylindric, filiform or suballantoid, hyaline, mostly continuous
I. Conidia allantoid Naemospora 3: 746
II. Conidia bacillar to filiform
1. Conidia fasciculate at the apex of the basidia
Trichodytes 14: 1031
2. Conidia solitary
a. Masses white or pale, foliicole; conidia filiform
b. Masses gray or dark, usually ramicole; aha i
Cryptosporium 3: 740
138 MONILIACEAE
c. Masses bright-colored, saprophytic; conidia falcate
Libertella 3: 744
Staurosporae
18: 493
Conidia star-shaped, hyaline
I. Masses phyllogenous, bright-colored; conidia 4-radiate
Asteroconium 18: 493
Order 18. MONILIALES (Hyphomyceteae Sacc. 4:1)
Hyphae more or less developed, cobwebby or more or less compacted, but rarely
arising from a definite stratum or stroma, never enclosed in a pycnidium, typically
superficial.
Family 75. MONILIACEAE (Mucedineae 4: 2)
Hyphae hyaline or bright-colored, more or less fragile, lax, not cohering in fas-
cicles; conidia concolorous, i. e., hyaline or bright-colored.
Hyalosporae
4:2, 10:510, 11: 586, 14: 1037, 16: 1023, 18: 495
Conidia hyaline, or bright-colored, 1-celled, globose, ovoid to short-cylindric
Micronemeae
Hyphae very short or obsolete, or little different from the conidia
I. Conidia not in chains
1. Conidia solitary, at least not capitate
a. Saprogenous
(1) Hyphae none
(a) Conidia separate Chromosporium 4:6
(b) Conidia joined in twos or threes, not catenate
Selenotila 11: 587
(2) Hyphae very short, branched, septate
Coccospora 4:9
b. Entomogenous Massospora 4:10
(incl, Sorosporella 10: 512)
c. Phytogenous
(1) In fungi
(a) Conidia ovoid, smooth Myceliophthora 11: 587
(b) Conidia globose, verrucose Coccosporella 11: 586
(2) In leaves
(a) Hyphae paliform, stipate, very short
Microstroma 4:9
(b) Hyphae vermiform-tortuose; biophilous
Ophiocladium 11: 587
2. Conidia capitate; hyphae lacking; biophilous
Glomerularia 4:10
HY ALOSPORAE 139
'I. Conidia in chains
I. Saprophilous
a. Conidial chains arising in the hyphae
(1) Conidial branches simple, arcuate Malbranchea 4:11
(2) Conidial branches dichotomous, not arcuate
Glycophila 4:11
b. Chains arising at the apex of the hyphae
(1) Conidia globose, elliptic or fusiform
(a) Hyphae short, simple or nearly so
x. Conidia globose or suboblong Oospora 4:11
y. Conidia fusoid, acute each wey Fusidium 4:25
(b) Tlyphae longer, distinctly branched
Monilia 4:31
(incl. Halobyssus 11: 588)
(2) Conidia bacillar or cuboid
(a) Hyphae nearly obsolete; conidia bacillar
Cylindrium 4:36
(b) Hyphae distinctly present
x. Conidia bacillar Polyscytalum 4: 38
y. Conidia cuboid Geotrichum 4:39
2. Biophilous
a. Growing within leaf tissue Oidiopsis 18: 507
b. Growing on leaves or other parts
(1) Conidia ellipsoid, without isthmi Oidium 4:40
(2) Conidia globose, connected by isthmi
Paepalopsis 4: 47
Macronemeae
Hyphae elongate and distinct from the conidia
Conidia in heads Cephalosporiae
1. Conidia not catenulate
a. Conidia globose or oblong
(1) Conidia sessile on the head or nearly so
(a) Fertile hyphae inflated at apex
x. Apical vesicle globose-inflated
(x) Conidia sessile, not mucus-covered
m. Vesicle verrucose or muriculate
(m) Fertile hyphae simple Oedocephalum 4: 47
(n) Fertile hyphae sigmoid, much branched
Sigmoideomyces 10: 523
n. Vesicle hexagonally areolate
Rhopalomyces 4:50
(y) Conidia on stalks, mucus-covered
Gliocephalus 16: 1031
y. Vesicle clavate or lobed
(x) Vesicle disk-shaped, stellate-lobed
Coronella 4:51
140 MONILIACEAE
(y) Vesicle clavate or subpalmate
Buseella 18: 509
(b) Fertile hyphae not inflated at apex
x. Conidial head covered with mucus
(x) Fertile hyphae simple Hyalopus 4:51
(y) Fertile hyphae with verticillate branches at tip
Gliobotrys 18: 510
y. Head without mucus
(x) Fertile hyphae with one head
m. Conidia not separating Papulospora 4:58
n. Conidia separating
(m) Head elongate Doratomyces 4:53
(n) Head globose or slightly clavate
r. Sterile hyphae scanty Haplotrichum 4: 53
s. Sterile hyphae long, decumbent
Cephalosporium 4:56
(y) Fertile hyphae with 2-several heads
m. Conidia upright on verticillate basidia
Coemansiella 4:55
n. Conidia in more definite heads
(m) Fertile hyphae simple, with 3-several heads of conidia on spines
Botryosporium 4:54
(n) Fertile hyphae several times 2-3-fid
Trichoderma 4:59
(2) Conidia borne on little stalks or sterigmata
(a) Fertile hyphae simple Corethropsis 4: 62
(b) Fertile hyphae verticillate branched
Spicularia 4: 63
b. Conidia short cylindric
(1) Conidia without mucus Cylindrocephalum 4: 63
(2) Conidia covered with mucus Acontium 18: 512
2. Conidia catenulate Aspergillae
a. Fertile hyphae inflated at apex
(1) Fertile hyphae simple or nearly so
(a) Sterigmata of apical vesicle none or simple
x. Conidia terminal on sterigmata Aspergillus 4:64
y. Conidia lateral and terminal on sterigmata
Dimargaris 4:76
(b) Sterigmata verticillate branched Sterigmatocystis 4: 71
(incl. Alliospora 18: 516)
(2) Fertile hyphae dichotomous, branches curved
Dispira 4:77
b. Fertile hyphae little or not at all inflated
(1) Fertile hyphae verticillately branched at tip
(a) Tips equally verticillate; conidia doliiform
Amblyosporium 4:77
(b) Tips unequally verticillate; conidia globoid
HYALOSPORAE 141
x. Conidia without mucus Penicillium 4:78
(incl. Citromyces 11: 593)
y. Conidia enclosed in mucus Gliocladium 4:84
(2) Fertile hyphae not verticillate at tip
Briarea 4:85
II. Conidia borne irregularly on simple or branched but not inflated or verticillate
hyphae Botrytidae
1. Conidia smooth or scarcely roughened
a. Saprogenous
(1) Conidia typically pleurogenous
(a) Fertile hyphae 2-several-furcate Haplaria 4:85
(b) Fertile hyphae simple or nearly so
x. Conidia globose or ellipsoid Acladium 4: 87
y. Conidia short cylindric Cylindrotrichum 4: 88
(2) Conidia acrogenous or pleurogenous
(a) Some intermediate joints of the hyphae swollen and denticulate conidia-
bearing Physospora 4:88
(b) Intermediate joints equal
x. Conidia-bearing hyphae of two sorts, the upright alone denticulate
Blastomyces 10: 529
y. Conidia-bearing hyphae of one sort
(x) Fertile hyphae simple or nearly so
m. Hyphae not denticulate; conidia solitary
(m) Hyphae forming a crust-like stratum
Hyphoderma 4: 89
(n) Hyphae loose, cobwebby Acremonium 4: 89
(incl. Thermomyces 18: 524)
n. Hvphae denticulate; conidia usually grouped
(m) Hyphae everywhere denticulate, bearing conidia only at tip
Xenopus 18: 524
(n) Hyphae denticulate or proliferous at tip alone
r. Apex denticulate, many-spored
Rhinotrichum 4: 91
s. Apex inflated-ampulliform, 1-spored
Olpitrichum 11: 594
(y) Fertile hyphae branched
m. Conidia globose to ovoid
(m) Both sterile and fertile hyphae procumbent
r. Sterile hyphae intracellular
Hartigiella 16: 1031
s. Sterile hyphae superficial
(r) Fertile hyphae vaguely branched
h. Conidia acro-pleurogenous
Sporotrichum 4:96
(incl. Leiosepium 16: 1036)
i. Conidia on a one-sided sympodium
Monopodium 10: 544
142 MONILIACEAE
(s) Fertile hyphae dichotomous; conidia acrogenous on spine-
like branches Langloisula 10: 535
(n) Fertile hyphae erect or ascending
r. Conidia solitary acrogenous
(r) Fertile hyphae spiny-branched at apex
Plectothrix 18: 525
(s) Fertile hyphae not spiny-branched
Monosporium 4: 113
(incl. Allescheriella 14: 1075)
s. Conidia loosely grouped about the apex
(r) Conidia not involved in mucus
h. Conidia on inflated muriculate apices
Phymatotrichum 16: 1033
i. Apices not muriculate or inflated
Botrytis 4: 116
(s) Conidia involved in mucus
Tolypomyria 4: 137
n. Conidia fusoid to cylindric
(m) Fertile hyphae mostly procumbent
Sporotrichella 10: 534
(n) Fertile hyphae erect or ascending
r. Conidia fusoid on the upper side of curved branches
Martensella 4: 138
s. Conidia acrogenous
(r) Conidia-bearing branches terete
Cylindrophora 4: 138
(s) Conidia-bearing branches ellipsoid
Cylindrodendrum 4: 139
b. Biogenous
(1) Conidia smooth, solitary, more rarely subcatenate
Ovularia 4: 139
(incl. Ovulariopsis 16: 1036)
(2) Conidia densely spiny
Ramulaspera 18: 532
2. Conidia muricate or tuberculose-stellate
a. Conidia globose
(1) Conidia merely muricate
(a) Hyphae loose, cobwebby Sepedonium 4: 146
(b) Hyphae woven into a subgelatinous pellicle
Pellicularia 4: 149
(2) Conidia setose at apex as well as muricate
' Chaetoconidium 10: 544
b. Conidia tuberculose-stellate
Asterophora 4: 148
IIT. Conidia acrogenous on verticillate branches
Verticilliae
T. Conidia solitary or loosely grouped, not in chains
HYALOSPORAE—HYALODIDY MAE 143
a. Conidia-bearing branches very short, ampulliform
Pachybasium 4: 149
b. Conidia-bearing branches terete or longer
(1) Conidia globose to ovoid
(a) Tips of branches clavate, in twos rectangularly
Verticilliopsis 11: 600
(b) Tips of branches normal
x. Conidia conglutinate into a stratum
Corymbomyces 18: 533
y. Conidia not conglutinate
(x) Conidia separating readily from the tips
Verticillium 4: 150
(y) Conidia separating with difficulty from the tips
Cladobotryum 4: 160
(2) Conidia cylindric or elongate
(a) Conidia-bearing branches or sporophores 1-spored
x. Sporophores straight Acrocylindrium 4: 161
y. Sporophores uncinate Uncigera 4: 162
(b) Sporophores several-spored
x. Sporophore inflated verrucose at apex
Calcarisporium 4: 162
y. Sporophore incurved, with seriate conidia below
Coemansia 4: 162
2. Conidia capitate or densely spicate, not in chains
a. Conidia sessile
(1) Conidia capitate, involved in mucus
(a) Fertile hyphae smooth Acrostalagmus 4: 163
(incl. Harziella 16: 1037)
(b) Fertile hyphae asperate Gloeosphaera 18: 535
(2) Conidia densely spirally spicate at apices
Clonostachys 4: 165
b. Conidia on small stalks Sceptromyces 4: 166
3. Conidia in chains Spicaria 4: 166
(incl. Nomuraea 18: 533)
IV. Joints of the hyphae inflated here and there and bearing pleurogenous conidia
Gonatobotrytae
1. Joints smooth
a. Conidia catenulate Gonatorrhodum 4: 169
b. Conidia solitary Nematogonium 4: 170
2. Joints muricate or punctate
a. Conidia solitary Gonatobotrys 4: 168
b. Conidia catenulate, forming a spheric head
Gonatorrhodiella 10: 548
Hyalodidymae
4:176, 10: 548, 11: 600, 14: 1057, 16: 1038, 18: 530
Conidia hyaline or bright-colored, 1-septate, ovoid oblong or
short fusoid
144 MONILIACEAE
I. Conidia not in chains
1. Saprophilus
a. Conidia smooth
(1) Fertile hyphae simple or nearly so
(a) Hyphae inflated at apex or joints
x. Hyphae denticulate inflated at ‘apex; conidia fusoid
Diplorhinotrichum 18: 540
y. Hyphae inflated at both apex and joints
Arthrobotrys 4: 181
(b) Hyphae not inflated
x. Conidia spirally pleurogenous Haplariopsis 18: 539
y. Conidia solitary acrogenous or capitate
(x) Conidia capitate at apex Cephalothecium 4: 180
(y) Conidia solitary at apex
m. Fertile hyphae long Trichothecium 4: 178
n. Fertile hyphae very short Didymopsis 4: 182
(2) Fertile hyphae branched
(a) Fertile hyphae irregularly branched
Diplosporium 4: 178
(b) Fertile hyphae verticillate or dichotomous
x. Fertile hyphae verticillate Diplocladium 4: 176
y. Fertile hyphae dichotomous; sterigmata subternate
Cylindrocladium 11: 600
b. Conidia echinulate; conidial cells unequal
Mycogone 4: 183
2. Biophilous
a. Conidia obliquely beaked Rhynchosporium 18: 540
b. Conidia not beaked
(1) Hyphae mostly simple, not spirally twisted
Didymaria 4: 184
(2) Hyphae simple, spirally twisted Bostrichonema 4: 185
II. Conidia catenulate
1. Fertile hyphae simple, short Hormiactis 4: 186
2. Fertile hyphae verticillately branched Didymocladium 4: 186
Hyalophragmiae
4: 188, 10:551, 11: 601, 14: 1059, 16: 1041, 18: 544
Conidia hyaline or bright-colored, 2-several-septate, oblong, fusoid or elongate
Micronemeae
Fertile hyphae very short and little different from the conidia
1. Conidia in chains, cylindric or oblong Septocylindrium 4: 223
II. Conidia not in chains
1. Sporophore 3-celled, upper cell much inflated
Milowia 4: 222
2. Sporophore not inflated, sometimes obsolete
HY ALOPHRAGMIAE—HYALODICTYAE 145
a. Conidia ciliate at apex and upper septum
Mastigosporium 4: 220
b. Conidia not ciliate
(1) Hyphae lacking; conidia not aggregate
Fusoma 4: 220
(2) Hyphae distinct; conidia aggregate
(a) Conidia in mucose glomerules Rotaea 4: 222
(b) Conidia in fascicles, not mucose Paraspora 4: 222
Macronemeae
Fertile hyphae manifest and distinct from the conidia
I. Saprophilous
1. Conidia solitary or at least not capitate
a. Fertile hyphae simple
(1) Sterile hyphae lacking Dactylella 4: 193
(2) Sterile hyphae abundant Monacrosporium 4: 193
b. Fertile hyphae branched
(1) Hyphae verticillately branched Dactylium 4: 188
(2) Hyphae irregularly branched Blastotrichum 4: 191
2. Conidia capitate
a. Fertile hyphae vesiculose at tip; fimicole
Cephaliophora 18: 544
b. Fertile hyphae not swollen
(1) Hyphae simple; sterile lacking Dactylaria 4: 194
(2) Hyphae verticillate; sterile hyphae present
Mucrosporium 4: 190
II. Biophilous
1. Conidia mucose-conglobate, allantoid, often continuous
Allantospora 14: 1043
2. Conidia not mucose-conglobate
a. Conidia ciliate at apex *Trichoconis 18: 545
b. Conidia not ciliate
(1) Conidia ovate-cylindric or elongate, often catenate
Ramularia 4: 196
(2) Conidia obclavate-piriform Piricularia 4: 217
(3) Conidia long vermiform Cercosporella 4: 218
Hyalodictyae
11: 608, 18: 561
Conidia hyaline, or bright-colored, muriform, ovoid to globose or cubic
I. Hyphae much branched; conidia elliptic or globose, cells uniform
Stemphyliopsis 18: 561
II. Hyphae little branched; conidia six-lobed and sarciniform, central cell larger,
colored, lobes hyaline Synthetospora 11: 608
Staurosporae
4: 230, 10:567, 11: 608, 14: 1067, 16: 1049, 18: 559
Conidia hyaline or bright-colored, stellate, radiate or forked, septate or continuous
146 DEMATIACEAE
I. Hyphae lacking; conidia trident-shaped Tridentaria 4: 231
II. Hyphae present
1. Conidia globose to cylindric, permanently attached to 2-3 divergent sterigmata
Tetracladium 14: 1067
2. Conidia themselves stellate or radiate
a. Conidia bilobate-forked; lobes parallel, contiguous
Pedilospora 18: 559
b. Conidia narrowly digitate Prismaria 4: 230
c. Conidia 3-4-radiate
(1) Conidia ciliate at the apex Titaea 4: 231
(2) Conidia muticate
(a) Conidia 3-radiate Trinacrium 4: 231
(b) Conidia 4-radiate
x. Fertile hyphae very short, simple
Tetracium 18: 560
y. Fertile hyphae branched Lemonniera 14: 1067
Helicosporae
4: 233, 10: 568, 11: 608
Conidia hyaline or bright-colored, spirally curved, cylindric
I. Hyphae very short; conidia spiral Helicomyces 4: 233
II. Hyphae various; conidia spirally twisted into a conic or ovate tube
Helicoum 11: 609
Family 76. DEMATIACEAE
Hyphae dark or black, cobwebby, loose, usually rigid, not cohering in definite
fascicles; conidia typically dark and concolorous, but sometimes the hyphae are
dark and conidia clear, or the conidia dark and the hyphae clear. This family is
parallel with the Moniliaceae and certain intermediate forms must be sought in
both places.
Amerosporae
2: 235, 10:569, 11: 610, 14: 1068, 16: 1059, 18: 563
Conidia dark, or sometimes hyaline but the hyphae then dark, 1-celled, globose to
oblong.
Micronemeae
Hyphae very short or scarcely different from the conidia.
I. Conidia not in chains
1. Conidia globose to elliptic
a. Sterile hyphae nearly obsolete Coniosporium 4: 238
b. Sterile hyphae elongate Cordella 10: 586
2. Conidia elongate, usually fusoid Fusella 4: 246
II. Conidia in chains
1. Conidia of two sorts, larger catenate, smaller glomerate
Heterobotrys 4: 267
2. Conidia all alike
AMEROSPORAE 147
a. Hyphae dark
(1) Chains breaking up readily
(a) Conidia globose or ovoid Torula 4: 247
(b) Conidia clavate Gongromeriza 4: 263
(2) Chains breaking up with difficulty
(a) Chains curved Gyroceras 4: 266
(b) Chains straight or nearly so Hormiscium 4: 263
b. Hyphae hyaline Torulina 18: 566
III. Conidia in heads or racemes; conidia usually piriform
Echinobotryum 4: 268
Macronemeae
Hyphae manifest and distinct from the conidia
I. Conidia dark, rarely subhyaline
1. Conidia not in chains
a. Conidia capitate
(1) Fertile hyphae simple, but often with short apical branches
(a) Hyphae with apical branches or basidia
x. Biophilous Periconiella 4: 275
y. Saprophilous
(x) Apex with heterogeneous basidia
m. Apex swollen; basidia 3-4 Haplobasidium 10: 578
u. Apex not swollen; basidia many
Stachybotrys 4: 269
(y) Apex short-branched, rarely simple
m. Apex short-branched or simple
(m) Apex not swollen Periconia 4: 270
(n) Apex swollen Stachybotryella 18: 570
n. Apex capitate-branched; branches 2-3-furcate and spine-bearing
Cephalotrichum 4: 275
(b) Hyphae without apical branches or basidia
x. Conidia globose Trichobotrys 18: 571
y. Conidia boat-shaped curved; hyphae dark-ringed
Camptoum 4: 276
z. Conidia fusoid, sometimes subhyaline
Acrotheca 4: 276
(2) Fertile hyphae branched below the apex
(a) Hyphae forked below apex; conidia oblong
Synsporium 4: 278
(b) Hyphae repeatedly dichotomous; conidia globose or elliptic
Dicyma 18:570
b. Conidia verticillate-pleurogenous
(1) Hyphae dark nodose-inflated; conidia ovoid
Gonatobotryum 4: 278
(2) Hyphae hyaline, dark-ringed
(a) Conidia globose-angulose Goniosporium 4: 280
(b) Conidia fusoid Arthrinium 4: 279
148 DEMATIACEAE
c. Conidia inserted irregularly
(1) Hyphae loose, typically saprogenous
(a) Hyphae vesiculose-inflated here and there
x. Conidia-bearing vesicles pleurogenous
Oedemium 4: 297
y. Conidia-bearing vesicles acrogenous
Cystophora 4: 298
(b) Hyphae not vesiculose-inflated
x. Fertile hyphae erect
(x) Branches circinate at apex; conidia mesogenous, muricate
Acrospira 4: 282, 14: 1056
(y) Branches spirally twisted; conidia exogenous
Streptothrix 4: 282
(z) Hyphae simple or with straight branches
Virgaria 4: 280
y. All hyphae more or less creeping
(x) Branches curved or lash-like
Campsotrichum 4: 295
(y) Branches not curved
m. Conidia spiny, rarely smooth
Zygodesmus 4: 283
n. Conidia smooth
(m) Conidia sessile Trichosporium 4: 288
(n) Conidia on stalks or basidia
r. Conidia on tooth-like sterigmata
Rhinocladium 4: 295
s. Conidia on jar-like basidia
Basisporium 18: 533
(2) Hyphae forming a crust, biogenous
Glenospora 4: 298
d. Conidia solitary, acrogenous :
(1) Fertile hyphae simple
(a) Sterile hyphae lacking
x. Fertile hyphae short and fascicled at base
Hadrotrichum 4: 301
y. Fertile hyphae longer, separate Monotospora 4: 299
(b) Sterile hyphae present
x. Conidia with a loose hyaline membrane
fPhaeoconis 18: 571
(Nigrospora)
y. Conidia without a membrane
(x) Conidia with a large shining gutta
Sporoglena 14: 1074
(y) Conidia without a shining gutta
Acremoniella 4: 302
(incl. Cordella 10: 586)
AMEROSPORAE 149
(2) Hyphae branched; conidium at first enclosed in a vesicle from which
it escapes at the apex Conioscypha 18: 572
2. Conidia in chains
a. Sterile hyphae all creeping or obsolete
(1) Conidia of two kinds; larger catenulate fuscous, smaller internal catenu-
late cylindric hyaline Thielaviopsis 11: 612
(2) Conidia all alike
(a) Conidia produced in the hyphae Sporendonema 10:515
(b) Conidia produced on the hyphae
x. Fertile hyphae spirally twisted, forming a head of conidia
Helicocephalum 10: 512
y. Fertile hyphae not twisted
(x) Fertile hyphae simple, not branched at tip
m. Chains of conidia lateral Dematium 4: 308
n. Chains terminal
(m) Conidia without isthmi Catenularia 4: 303
(n) Conidia connected by cylindric isthmi
Prophytroma 4: 309
(y) Fertile hyphae branched
m. Hyphae dendroid Hormodendrum 4: 310
n. Hyphae capitate branched at tip
Haplographium 4: 304
b. Some sterile hyphae erect and mixed with the fertile
Hormiactella 4: 311
II. Conidia hyaline or subhyaline
1. Conidia acrogenous on short heteromorphic basidia at the lower part or at the
base of erect hyphae
a. Conidia capitate glomerate
(1) Sterile hyphae simple and circinate at apex
Bolacotricha 4:316
(2) Sterile hyphae much branched below
Myxotrichum 4:317
b. Conidia not capitate
(1) Conidia solitary
(a) Erumpent; conidia fusoid, usually setose
Ellisiella 4: 315
(b) Superficial
x. Sterile hyphae simple
(x) Conidia globose Botryotrichum 4: 313
(y) Conidia bacillar
m. Sterile hyphae tortuous Sarcopodium 4: 312
n. Sterile hyphae circinate at apex
Helicotrichum 4: 313
y. Sterile hyphae branched
(x) Hyphae irregularly branched; basidia verticillate
Costantinella 16: 1054
(y) Hyphae repeatedly dichotomous
150 DEMATIACEAE
m. Branches continuous; basidia terete, basal
Circinotrichum 4: 314
n. Branches septate; basidia ampulliform, above base
Ceratocladium 4: 315
(2) Conidia loosely catenate; conidia basilar, ovoid
Stirochaete 4: 316
2. Conidia on hyphae of the same kind
a. Conidia solitary, neither catenate or capitate
(1) Hyphae erect, simple
(a) Hyphae with a single lateral basidium near base
Zygosporium 4: 328
(b) Hyphae with pleurogenous conidia
Chloridium 4: 320
(2) Hyphae branched
(a) Hyphae erect, smooth
x. Hyphae verticillate branched Verticicladium 4: 327
y. Hyphae more or less irregularly branched
(x) Conidia ovoid Mesobotrys 4: 324
(y) Conidia cylindric Chaetopsis 4: 324
(z) Conidia falcate, sometimes ciliate
Menispora 4: 325
(b) Hyphae somewhat decumbent, more or less spiny
x. Hyphae nodose-spiny here and there
Gonytrichum 4: 329
y. Hyphae spiny but not swollen Cladorrhinum 4: 330
b. Conidia capitate
(1) Hyphae simple, with basidia only at the tip
(a) Conidia globose
x. Basidia verticillate Fuckelina 4: 330
y. Basidia irregular Pimina 16: 1054
(b) Conidia ovoid, mucose Scopularia 4: 330
(2) Hyphae more or less verticillate branched
Stachylidium 4: 331
¢. Conidia catenate, arising within the hyphae
(1) Conidia in simple chains Chalara 4: 333
(2) Conidia conglutinate into a long curl
Cirromyces 18: 627
Didymosporae
4: 341, 10: 595, 11: 616, 14:1077, 16: 1056, 18: 575
Conidia 1-celled, dark, more rarely hyaline, ovoid to oblong
Micronemeae
Hyphae very short or scarcely different from the conidia.
I. Conidia not in chains
1. Hyphae lacking Dicoccum 4: 342
2. Hyphae present, circinate Cycloconium 4: 343
II. Conidia in chains Bispora 4: 343
PHRAGMOSPORAE 151
Macronemeae
Hyphae distinctly different from the conidia
I. Conidia smooth, muticate
1. Conidia not capitate
a. Conidia more or less catenulate at first
(1) Hyphae and conidia biform, the latter 1-celled dark or continuous hyaline
Epochnium 4: 375
(2) Hyphae and conidia uniform
(a) Hyphae here and there inflated Cladotrichum 4: 370
(b) Hyphae not inflated
x. Hyphae erect; conidia long-catenate
Diplococcium 4: 374
y- Hyphae somewhat decumbent; conidia short-catenate or finally solitary
Cladosporium 4: 350
b. Conidia not catenate
(1) Hyphae beautifully flexuose-torulose
Polythrincium 4: 350
(2) Hyphae not torulose or flexuose
(a) Hyphae inflated at tip, branched
Pseudobeltrania 18: 578
(b) Hyphae not inflated, usually short and little branched
x. Conidia merely acrogenous Fusicladium 4: 345
(incl. Passalora 4: 344)
y. Conidia acro-pleurogenous Scolecotrichum 4: 347
2. Conidia capitate Cordana 4: 376
II. Conidia muriculate or ciliate
1. Conidia muriculate Trichocladium 4: 376
2. Conidia ciliate at apex; fertile and sterile hyphae intermixed
Beltrania 4: 377
Phragmosporae
4: 380, 10: 606, 11: 621, 14: 1082, 16: 1060, 18: 58r
Conidia 2-several-septate, dark, rarely hyaline, ovoid to cylindric or vermicular
Micronemeae
Fertile hyphae very short or little different from the conidia
I. Conidia not in chains
1. Conidia muticate
a. Conidia united at base, fasciculate, cylindric
Cryptocoryneum 4: 395
b. Conidia separate
(1) Conidia ovoid to cylindric
(a) Saprogenous Clasterosporium 4: 382
(b) Phyllogenous Stigmina 4: 394
(2) Conidia fusoid-falcate Fusariella 4: 395
2. Conidia cuspidate or setose
152 DEMATIACEAE
a. Hyphae dichotomous and broadened at apex
Urosporium 4: 397
b. Hyphae not dichotomous or broadened
Ceratophorum 4: 395
II. Conidia in chains
3. Conidia not connected by isthmi Septonema 4: 397
2. Conidia connected by isthmi Polydesmus 4: 401
Macronemeae
Fertile hyphae distinctly different from the conidia
I. Conidia solitary or nearly so, acrogenous for the most part
1. Conidia muticate
a. Conidia echinulate Heterosporium 4: 480
b. Conidia smooth
(1) Biophilous
(a) Hyphae creeping, radiate Ophiotrichum 10: 617
(b) Hyphae ascending or erect
x. Conidia ovoid to oblong Napicladium 4: 481
(incl. Cercosporidium 18: 594)
y. Conidia filiform or vermicular Cercospora 4:431
(2) Saprophilous
(a) Hyphae rigid; conidia ovoid to elongate
x. Conidia ovoid Brachysporium 4: 423
y. Conidia elongate Helminthosporium 4: 402
(b) Hyphae flexuous, pannose Drepanospora 4: 430
2. Conidia 1-3-ciliate at apex Camposporium 4: 482
II. Conidia verticillate or capitate
1. Hyphae dark
a. Conidia acrogenous, forming a head
(1) Hyphae simple Acrothecium 4: 483
(2) Hyphae branched at the apex Atractina 18: 584
b. Conidia pleurogenous, somewhat verticillate
(1) Hyphae rostrate and naked at apex
Rhynchomyces 18: 584
(2) Hyphae not rostrate at apex Spondylocladium 4: 482
2. Hyphae hyaline or bright-colored, apex denticulate
Neomichelia 18: 593
III. Conidia catenate as a rule
I. Conidia arising from the interior of the hyphae
Sporoschisma 4: 486
2. Conidia arising from the apex, sometimes solitary
Dendryphium 4: 487
Dictyosporae
4:490, 10:665, 11:632, 14: 1090, 16: 1075, 18: 612
Conidia dark, rarely hyaline, muriform, globose to oblong
DICTYOSPORAE 153
Micronemeae
Hyphae very short or scarcely different from the conidia
I. Conidia not in chains
1. Conidia muticate
a. Conidia irregularly muriform or sarciniform
(1) Conidia with a conic point at each side
Oncopodium 18: 616
(2) Conidia muticate
(a) Conidia globose to oblong
x. Conidia ovoid to oblong, loose Sporodesmium 4: 497
y. Conidia globose to ovoid, aggregated
Stigmella 4: 507
(b) Conidia sarciniform, often coalescent
Coniothecium 4: 508
b. Conidia as if composed of parallel chains of cells
(1) Chains of conidia never separating
Dictyosporium 4: 513
(2) Chains of conidia separating Spira 4:514
2. Conidia corniculate at apex Tetraploa 4: 516
II. Conidia in chains, often asperate or with isthmi
Sirodesmium 4: 516
Macronemeae
Hyphae distinctly different from the conidia
I. Conidia of the same form
1. Conidia not in chains or capitate
a. Conidia bearing little conidia on their surface
Xenosporium 18: 612
b. Conidia normal
(1) Hyphae alike
(a) Conidia cruciate-divided, verrucose
+Tetracoccosporis 18: 617
(Tetracoccosporium)
(b) Conidia muriform, typically smooth
x. Hyphae decumbent Stemphylium 4: 519
y. Hyphae erect or ascending
(x) Conidia globose, pleurogenous
m. Conidia around the apex of the hyphae
Coccosporium 4: 542
n. Conidia conglobate around the base
Trichaegum 4: 542
(y) Conidia ovoid to oblong, mostly acrogenous
Macrosporium 4: 523
(incl. Mystrosporium 4: 539)
(2) Hyphae of two kinds, longer sterile, shorter fertile
Septosporium 4: 543
2. Conidia capitate Dactylosporium 4: 545
154 STILBACEAE
3. Conidia catenate
a. Hyphae velvety, erect, subsimple; conidia caudate
Alternaria 4: 545
b. Hyphae crustose, various; conidia 2-celled; conidia-like ganglia sarciniform
Fumago 4: 547
II. Conidia of two forms, dark sarciniform and subhyaline falcate
Sarcinella 4: 548
Staurosporae
4:552, 11: 639, 14: 1107, 16: 1181, 18: 625
Conidia forked or stellate, usually dark, septate or continuous
I. Conidia of two forms, small fusoid hyaline, large lobate many-celled, brown
Desmidiospora 10: 568
II. Conidia alike
1. Fertile hyphae present; conidia 3-4-radiate
zg Triposporium 4: 554
2. Fertile hyphae lacking
a. Conidia on a cellular stroma, 2-4-digitate
Chiromyces 4: 554
b. Celluiar stroma lacking
(1) Conidia 3-several-radiate ; xylogenous
Ceratosporium 4: 552
(2) Conidia 2-radiate; phyllogenous Hirudinaria 4: 553
Scolecosporae
Conidia long-filiform or vermicular
One genus Cercospora 4: 431, 14: 1099
Helicosporae
41557, 10: 680, 11: 638, 14: 1107, 16: 1081, 18: 624
Conidia cylindric, spiral or convolute, typically septate, dark or hyaline
J. Hyphae obsolete Helicopsis 10: 680
II. liyphae present
1. Conidia septate transversely Helicosporium 4: 557
2. Conidia muriform Helicoma 11: 638
Family 77. STILBACEAE
Sterile hyphae creeping, scanty; fertile hyphae collected into stalk-like or stroma-
like fascicles bearing conidia at the top, more rarely along the side, pale, bright-
colored or dark.
Hyalostilbae
Hyphae and conidia pale or bright-colored, not dark or black
Amerosporae
4: 561, 10: 681, I1:640, 14: 1107, 16: 1082, 18: 630
Conidia globose, elliptic or oblong, 1-celled, hyaline or pale, or bright-colored
I. Conidial part distinctly capitate or at least terminal
HYALOSTILBAE 155
1. Conidia not in chains
a. Head of conidia not gaping or splitting above
(1) Head not spiny
(a) Conidiophores of head normal
x. Conidia covered with mucus
(x) Synnema monocephalous
m. Conidiophores dendroid-verticillate
(m) Without distinct sterigmata
Dendrostilbella 18: 635
(n) With obpiriform sterigmata
Pirobasidium 18: 638
n. Conidiophores not dendroid-verticillate
Stilbum 4: 564
(y) Synnema polycephalous
m. Capitula on extremely short branches
Polycephalum 4: 575
n. Capitula on spreading subulate branches
Tilachlidium 4: 576
o. Capitula on erect branches Corallodendrum 4: 576
y. Conidia without mucus
(x) Synnema monocephalous
m. Conidiophores spirally twisted
Martindalia 4: 578
n. Conidiophores more or less straight
(m) Conidia rhombic or biconic
Rhombostilbella 18: 636
(n) Conidia globose to fusoid
Ciliciopodium 4: 577
(incl, Clavularia 10: 686)
(y) Synnema polycephalous
m. Terrestrial, large, 1-2 cm.; conidia ovoid
Macrostilbum 16: 1083
n. Small, not terrestrial; conidia elongate-ovate
Chondromyces 4:576
(b) Conidiophores conidium-like, septate; monocephalous
Atractiella 4: 578
(2) Head spiny with radiating spicules
(a) Spicules conic, granulate Actiniceps 4: 579
(b) Spicules with many curved branches at middle
Heterocephalum 18: 642
b. Head of conidia persistent below, splitting above
Pilacre 4: 579
2. Conidia in chains
a. Synnema with conidia above; conidia without mucus
(1) Synnema not pubescent Coremium 4: 581
(incl. Pritzeliella 18: 644)
(2) Synnema pubescent Lasioderma 4: 584
b. Synnema with conidia below; conidia with mucus
Microspatha 10: 687
156 STILBACEAE
II. Conidial part cylindric or long-clavate
1. Conidia more or less equally scattered
a. Biophilous; sterigmata denticulate branched
Cladosterigma 11: 640
b. Saprophilous; sterigmata none or simple
Isaria 4: 584
2. Conidia in lateral heads or racemes
a. Conidia in racemes; synnema lobate Peribotryum 4: 595
b. Conidia in heads
(1) Conidiophores with lateral nodes, usually escaping through the stomata
Helostroma 18: 630
(2) Conidiophores without nodes, usually entomophilous
Gibellula 11: 643
Didymosporae
18: 645
Conidia 2-celled, hyaline, globose to oblong
I. Synnema cylindric, fimbriate at apex; conidia oblong
Didymobotryopsis 18: 645
II. Synnema capitate; conidia fusoid Didymostilbe 18: 645
Phragmosporae
4: 508, 10:691, 14: 1109, 18: 646
Conidia 2-several-septate, hyaline, oblong to bhacillar
I. Conidia solitary
1. Conidia bacillar, aristate above, separating at joints
Stilbomyces 14: 1109
2. Conidia not aristate or separating
a. Conidia oblong Arthrosporium 4: 598
b. Conidia elongate-falcate Atractium 4: 599
II. Conidia catenate, cylindric Symphyosira 4: 690
Helicosporae
18: 658
Conidia filiform, spirally twisted
I. Synnema erect, setose Helicostilbe 18: 657
Phaeostilbae
Hyphae and conidia or one or the other dark
Amerosporae
4: 603, 10:692, 11: 643, 14: 1109, 16: 1086, 18: 648
Conidia r-celled, dark, globose to elongate
I. Conidia not in chains
1. Synnema setose Saccardaea 11: 643
2. Synnema naked
a. Conidia asperate, on minute basidia Basidiella 10: 698
PHAEOSTILBAE
b. Conidia smooth
(1) Synnema carnose, racemose-branched
Stilbothamnium 14: 1110
(2) Synnema fibrous or corneous, not racemose
(a) Basidia lageniform Ceratocladium 18: 649
(b) Basidia lacking, at least not lageniform
x. Synnema stalked, fibrous
(x) Conidia dark, globose to elliptic
Sporocybe 4: 604
(y) Conidia hyaline
m. Conidia ovoid to oblong Graphium 4: 609
u. Conidia elongate or falcate Harpographium 4: 619
y. Synnema sessile, corneous Glutinium 4: 620
II. Conidia in chains
1. Synnema setose Trichurus 14: 1112
2. Synnema not setose
a. Staik scopulate branched above Stemmaria 10: 696
b. Stalk simple or nearly so
(1) Capitule loose
(a) Base of synnema subequal; usually on stems
Stysanus 4: 620
(b) Base of synnema perithecioid; usually on leaves
Graphiothecium 4: 624
(2) Capitule compact
(a) Conidia globose
x. Conidia echinulate Harpocephalum 14: 1111
y. Conidia smooth
(x) Conidia pleurogenous Heydenia 4: 625
(y) Conidia acrogenous Briosia 10: 698
(b) Conidia ovoid to oblong Antromycopsis 14: 1113
Didymosporae
4: 626, 10:699, 18: 654
Conidia 1-septate, dark or hyaline, oblong to cylindric
J. Conidia muticate Didymobotryum 4: 626
II. Conidia 1-ciliate at apex Hoehneliella 18: 654
Phragmosporae
4:627, 10:699, 11: 644, 14: 1113, 16: 1089, 18: 655
Conidia 2-several-septate, dark or hyaline, oblong to cylindric
I. Conidia capitate
1. Synnema simple
a. Synnema black; conidia densely capitate
Arthrobotryum 4: 628
b. Synnema fuscous or pale; conidia loosely capitate
Isariopsis 4: 630
2. Synnema dendroid branched Xylocladium 16: 1089
158 TUBERCULARIACEAE
II. Conidia not capitate
1. Conidia catenulate Dendrographium 11: 644
2. Conidia not catenulate
a. Stalk fibrous
(1) Synnema simple or branched; conidia acro-pleurogenous
Podosporium 4: 627
(2) Synnema branched; conidia acrogenous
Negeriella 14: 1114
b. Stalk parenchyma-like
(1) Conidia pleurogenous, on a disk Riccoa 18: 656
(2) Conidia acrogenous Podosporella 11: 644
Dictyosporae
4: 632
Conidia muriform, dark or hyaline, oblong
J. Synnema stalked, capitate Sclerographium 4: 632
Staurosporae
I. Conidia of 4-5-radiate cells, hyaline Riessia 4: 627
Family 78. TUBERCULARIACEAE
Hyphae compacted into a globose, discoid or verruciform body or sporodochium ;
sporodochia typically sessile, waxy or subgelatinous, white, bright-colored or dark
to black.
Mucedinae
Hyphae and conidia white or bright-colored
Amerosporae
4: 635, 10: 700, I11:645, 14: 1115, 16: 1090, 18: 658
Conidia hyaline or bright-colored, 1-celled, globose to fusoid
I. Sporodochia smooth or nearly so
1. Conidiophores normal
a. Conidia muticate
(1) Conidia not covered with mucus
(a) Conidia not acrogenous capitate
x. Sporodochium girt by a heterogeneous cup
Patellina 4: 677
y. Sporodochium without a heterogeneous cup
(x) Conidia not catenate or scarcely so
m. Conidia escaping from interior of hyphae
(m) Conidiophores branched Endoconidium 10: 708
(n) Conidiophores simple Trichotheca 10: 714
n. Conidia arising on outside of hyphae
(m) Conidiophores lacking
r. Conidia large, pellucid
(r) Conidia globose Sphaerosporium 4: 664
(s) Conidia oval Diaphanium 4: 672
s. Conidia small, not pellucid
Pactilia 4: 672
MUCEDINAE
(n) Conidiophores present
r. Conidia pleurogenous or acro-pleurogenous
(r) Conidia globose Beniowskia 16: 1091
(s) Conidia ovoid to oblong
. Tubercularia 4: 638
(t) Conidia fusoid to cylindric
Fusicolla 4: 664
s. Conidia acrogenous
(r) Conidiophores verrucose
Dacrymycella 4: 671
(s) Conidiophores not verrucose
h. Uredinicole Tuberculina 4: 653
i. Not uredinicole
(h) Sporodochia globose
+. Conidia globose; conidiophores short
Aegerita 4: 661
—. Conidia ovoid; conidiophores branched
Granularia 4: 649
(i) Sporodochia pulvinate
+. Conidia acicular
Kmetia 16: 1158
—. Conidia terete-oblong
Bactridiopsis 18: 662
(j) Sporodochia disk-shaped, or cupulate
+. Sporodochia disk-shaped
Hymenula 4: 667
(Hymenella 16: 1105)
—. Sporodochia cupulate
Hyphostereum 11: 649
(k) Sporodochia verruciform or effuse
+. Conidiophores simple
(+) Conidiophores radiate, united at base
Clinoconidium 16: 1093
(—) Conidiophores not united or radiate
Sphacelia 4: 666
—. Conidiophores dendroid branched
Dendrodochium 4: 650
(y) Conidia in chains
m. Conidia covered with mucus
Collodochium 18: 661
n. Conidia without mucus
(m) Conidia globose
r. Conidia hyaline Sphaerocolla 11: 648
s. Conidia blue Sporoderma 4: 676
(n) Conidia elliptic to oblong
r. Sporodochium disk-shaped, orange-red
Necator 16: 1094
s. Sporodochium subglobose, whitish
Patouillardia 4: 677
159
160 TUBERCULARIACEAE
(0) Conidia cylindric
r. Sporodochium dilated above, stalked
Bizzozeriella 10: 716
s. Sporodochia globose to verruciform
(r) Sporodochia gelatinous, sessile
Cylindrocolla 4: 673
(s) Sporodochia not gelatinous, short-stalked
Sphaeridium 4: 675
(b) Conidia acrogenous capitate; sporodochia turbinate
Cephalodochium 4: 678
(2) Conidia covered with mucus
(a) Sporodochium globose, hardened
Thecospora 4: 679
(b) Sporodochia verruciform or discoid, gelatinous or waxy
x. Sporodochia verruciform or subeffuse
Tllosporium 4: 656
(incl. Myxonema 10: 714)
y. Sporodochia discoid Epidochiopsis 11: 648
b. Conidia ciliate
(1) Conidia 1-ciliate at base only Stigmatella 4: 679
(2) Conidia ciliate at both ends
(a) Conidia 1-ciliate at each end Thozetia 4: 679
(b) Conidia 7-8-ciliate at each end Chaetospermum Io: 706
2. Conidiophores with internal conidia-bearing areoles
Scoriomyces 4: 680
II. Sporodochia setulose, ciliate or uniformly woolly
1. Sporodochia woolly or setulose
a. Sporodochia setulose; conidia catenate
Periola 4: 681
b. Sporodochia woolly or velvety; conidia capitate
(1) Conidia globose Dacryodochium 14: 1122
(2) Conidia oblong Lachnodochium 14: 1122
2. Sporodochia ciliate at the margin
a. Sporophores none; conidia coacervate Volutellaria 4: 682
b. Sporophores distinct
(1) Conidia in chains Volutina 18: 667
(2) Conidia not in chains
(a) Conidiophores 6-ciliate above, united below
Guelichia 10: 720
(b) Conidiophores not ciliate or united
Volutella 4: 682
Didymosporae
4:690, 10: 721, 18: 668
Conidia 1-septate, hyaline or bright-colored
I. Conidia in chains
1. Sporodochia setulose Endodesmia 4: 691
2. Sporodochia smooth Gymnodochium 18: 668
MUCEDINAE 161
Conidia not in chains
Leptotrichum 4: 690
Il.
1. Sporodochia setulose
2. Sporodochia smooth
a. Conidia verrucose Cosmariospora 4: 690
b. Conidia smooth Patouillardiella 10: 721
Phragmosporae
4: 691, 10:721, 11:649, 14: 1123, 16: 1007, 18: 669
Conidia 2-several-septate, hyaline or bright-colored, fusoid
to falcate (in Fusarium sometimes short and simple).
I. Conidia somewhat catenate, cylindric Discocolla 11: 653
II. Conidia rarely catenate
1. Conidia cruciately 4-celled; sporodochium gelatinous
Sarcinodochium 18: 677
2. Conidia not cruciate
Conidiophores short, simple
Bactridium 4: 691
a.
(1) Conidia very large, terete-oblong
Pithomyces 4: 693
(2) Conidia doliiform
b. Conidiophores more or less branched
(1) Conidiophores dichotomous; conidia key-like
Heliscus 4: 693
(2) Conidiophores usually verticillately branched; conidia usually falcate,
sometimes oblong
Pionnotes 4: 725
(a) Sporodochium gelatinous
(b) Sporodochium waxy or byssoid Fusarium 4: 694
(incl. Microcera 4: 727)
Dictyosporae
18 : 676
Conidia muriform, hyaline, subglobose
Sporocystis 18: 676
Sporodochia globose
I.
Staurosporae
4:728, 16: 1104, 18: 677
Conidia forked or cruciate, hyaline or bright-colored
I. Conidiophores simple; conidia horseshoe-like
Lituaria 4: 728
II. Conidiophores branched
1. Conidia with short irregular branches or lobes
Aegeritopsis 18: 677
Conidia forked or cruciate
Dicranidium 4: 728
a. Conidia 2-forked, septate
b. Conidia 3-forked or subcruciate, continuous
Triglyphium 4: 728
2
Helicosporae
42729, 10:732, 11: 653, 18: 678
Conidia spirally convolute
162 TUBERCULARIACEAE
I. Conidiophores lacking Everhartia 4: 729
II. Conidiophores present
1. Conidia continuous
2. Conidia septate
Troposporium 4: 729
Hobsonia 11: 653
Dematiae
Hyphae olive, to brown or black; conidia concolorous, rarely hyaline
Amerosporae
4:736, 10: 732, 11:654, 14: 1129, 16: 1104, 18: 678
Conidia 1-celled, globose to elongate, sometimes unequal
I. Conidia not in chains
1. Sporodochia not setose
a. Conidiophores lacking
(1) Lichenicole
(2) Not lichenicole
(a) Sporodochia gelatinous; conidia globose, vesiculose
Myriophysa 4: 742
Spilomium 18: 678
(b) Sporodochia not gelatinous
x. Sporodochia hemispheric, with a stratum of conidia
Spermodermia 4: 742
y. Sporodochia disk-like, applanate Sclerodiscus 10: 735
b. Conidiophores present
(1) Sporodochia thick, tremelloid
(2) Sporodochia not tremelloid
(a) Conidiophores with a slender apical appendage; conidia globose
Bonplandiella 10: 732
Epidochium 4: 747
(b) Conidiophores not appendaged
x. Conidia globose
(x) Sporodochia cellular, uniform
Epicoccum 4: 736
(y) Sporodochia of three hyphal layers
Triplicaria 10: 734
y. Conidia ovoid to bacillar
(x) Conidiophores bacillar; sporodochia subdiscoid
Hymenopsis 4: 744
(y) Conidiophores branched
m. No brown radiate hyphae at base
Strumella 4: 742
Astrodochilum 14: 1117
Sporodochia ciliate or with exserted hypae
Sporodochia with loose exserted conidiophores, verruciform
Trichostroma 4: 752
b. Sporodochia margined with hairs or setae
(1) Setae dark Chaetostroma 4: 749
(2) Setae or hairs white Myrothecium 4: 750
n. Brown radiate hyphae at base
2.
a.
DEMATIAE
II. Conidia in chains
1. Conidiophores lacking Exosporina 18: 684
2. Conidiophores present
a. Sporodochium tremelloid *Hormodochis 4: 749
b. Sporodochium not tremelloid
(1) Sporodochium ciliate *Chaetodochis 4: 750
(2) Sporodochium not ciliate
(a) Sporodochia globose Sphaeromyces 4: 753
(b) Sporodochia stellate Actinomma 4: 753
Didymosporae
4:754, 10: 737, 16: 1105, 18: 684
Conidia I-septate, typically dark, elliptic to fusoid
I. Sporodochia lichenicole, globose Sclerococcum 4:754
II. Sporodochia not lichenicole
1. Sporodochia foliicole
a. Sporodochia annuliform asteroid Hyphaster 18: 685
b. Sporodochia subglobose Pucciniopsis 10: 737
2. Sporodochia lignicole Epiclinium 4: 754
Phragmosporae
4:755, 10:738, 11: 656, 14: 1131, 16: 1106, 18: 685
Conidia 2-several-septate, usually colored, oblong to cylindric
I. Conidia in chains; sporodochium discoid Trimmatostroma 4: 757
TI. Conidia not in chains
1. Conidia tI-ciliate at each end Ciliofusarium 11: 656
2. Conidia muticate
a. Sporodochium hairy Excipularia 18: 688, 3: 689
b. Sporodochium smooth
(1) Conidia laterally proliferate and joined in bundles
Amallospora 14: 1131
(2) Conidia not proliferate and united
(a) Sporodochia convex-pulvinate Exosporium 4: 755
(b) Sporodochia vertically cylindric or clavate
Listeromyces 18: 685
Dictyosporae
4:758, 10: 739, 11: 656, 14: 1131, 16: 1107, 18: 689
Conidia muriform, usually dark
I. Conidia in chains Bonordeniella 18: 6&9
II. Conidia not in chains
1. Sporodochia setulose Chaetostromella 11: 656
2. Sporodochia smooth Spegazzinia 4: 758
Scolecosporae
18 : 689
Conidia filiform, hyaline
I. Sporodochia globose, setulose Schizotrichum 18: 688
163
164 STERILE MYCELIA
Staurosporae
4: 753
Conidia angulose-stellate, hyaline
I. Sporodochia scutellate, pilose Stephanoma 4: 753
Helicosporae
11: 654
Conidia spirally twisted, smoky
I. Sporodochia pulvinate Troposporella 11: 654
Sterile Mycelia
14: 1138, 16: 1108, 18: 690
Conidia permanently absent so far as known
I. Parasitic on algae Lepraria, Pulveraria, etc. Z. 239
II. Not parasitic on algae
1. Tubercle-like
a. Tubercles connected with fibrils Rhizoctonia 14: 1175
(Coccobotrys 16: 1108)
b. Tubercles without fibrils
(1) Cortex discrete Acinula 14: 1174
(2) Cortex not discrete Sclerotium 14: 1139
2. Maculiform; black stromata in leaves and stems
Ectostroma 14: 1177
3. Root-like
a. Filaments rigid, broad, terete or depressed, dark, white within
Rhizomorpha 14: 1180
b. Filaments rigid, capilliform, dark, closely adhering
Capillaria 14: 1184
4. Clavariform; filaments terete, vertical, simple or branched
Anthina 14: 1184
5. Cobwebby or byssoid
a. Cespitose interwoven, primary hyphae joined in bundles
Ozonium 14: 1187
b. Cespitose interwoven, hyphae not fasciculate, black
Rhacodium 14: 1189
c. Cobwebby, soft, fleeting, white or pale Hypha 14: 1192
d. Adpressed, creeping, dendritic, white to brownish, not forming a continuous
membrane Himantia 14: 1194
6. Membrane-like; densely interwoven, forming a continuous suberose or coriacc-
ous membrane Xylostroma 14: 1197
7. Deformed, discolored corky cells of plants
Phloeoconis 14: 1197
Key to Spore Sections
Amerosporae: spores one-celled, not stellate or spiral
Allantosporae: spores sausage-shaped, mostly clear
Hyalosporae: spores hyaline or clear, globose to oblong
Phaeosporae: spores dark, yellow, brown or black, globose to oblong
Leucosporae: spores clear, rarely faintly colored
Rhodosporae: spores rose-colored
Ochrosporae: spores yellow to yellow-brown
Melanosporae: spores dark purple to black
Didymosporae: spores I-septate or 2-celled
Hyalodidymae: spores hyaline, 2-celled
Phaeodidymae: spores dark, 2-celled
Phragmosporae: spores few-many-transeptate, 3-many-celled
Hyalophragmiac: spores hyaline, 3-many-celled
Phaeophragmiae: spores dark, 3-many-celled
Dictyosporae: spores septate crosswise and lengthwise, i. e., muriform
Hyalodictyae: spores hyaline, muriform
Phaeodictyae: spores dark, muriform
Scolecosporae: spores needle-shaped to filiform, continuous or septate
Hyaloscoleciae: spores hyaline, filiform
Phaeoscoleciae: spores dark, filiform
Staurosporae: spores stellate or radiate, hyaline or dark, continuous or septate
Helicosporae: spores spirally twisted, hyaline or dark, continuous or septate
Guide to the Volumes of Saccardo’s “Sylloge Fungorum”
Volume I.
Bibliotheca. Mycolosica wae x cake ens rode hag 4 Ss Had SRE ees HOS BOS G IX-XIX
Fyrenomycetes: Perisporiaceae, Sphaeriaceae-Phaeodidymae............. 1-754
Volume II.
Pyrenomycetes: Sphaeriaceae-Phaeophragmiae, Hysteriaceae............. 1-809
Addenda: t6 Volume: Uecss.nce0c reece nodias gaswadiay pease iaaawk Don ees (815) I-LV
Addenda. -to- Volume: Wynd nee wagon aaeds sue a binkls omens eee eee eee s LVI-LXIX
Index to genera in Volumes I and II......... 1. ec c ccc ceeeeenn ene I-10
Index to species iit Volumes: I aid. 1] ss occas sec usciesesmuasten taeed ae ees 11-77
Volume ITI,
SPlHAcropsideae = 22 ci..cacaccoamadsacdens e454 Wo eka ded aeeS CR eh ee SE 1-695
WMelaniconieae: Sauamuls gan one cow Mel wiaveGee Wie wera aoun’s ene BElawemn aaa ee 696-807
Index to genera in: Voliinie Tl). eavscewes ceased s eedevaweeeda een evi eases 813-816
Index to speciés: in Volume [1s iss ec cscia ceca ccssescawe bie eae tea metes 817-860
Volume IV.
Hyphomycetes: Mucedineae-Tubercularieae .........0 0000 ce cece ee eee 1-758
Lidéx t6 genéfain VOlME [Vici cess ence vee enees ae tna wk ewes andtve na adoes 763-768
rnidex: to species im Volume: IV ix scnsscaunwtecaaresia a tins cnadeigingiaianeeidioae's'gl tres 769-807
Additions to Volumes I-IV.
PYSENOMY CEES) wwe nee vee wes dad neg o9 mete s Yoh SARS LS Ges EEE NESSES Ssbee ee ES 1-273
SplaerGpsideae — cis saw actin gas elesan wee ana evade a staan aaneeaa 8b eaG Giga ayeeya sueals Se 285-360
IMS COMICAC ace ta iiniiuaya nua hae daiesetph a ude wis Sd an Oa erased a gunts Barnes tye tek 361-371
FiyphoOniyeeteS: aasiicmnee dea niaidd pew OA amen ee Ae Bae eS eS 372-392
NpPPendix 30% iwsadan Peuwad a enna ba si pe eee ae ease eee may Re ae elas aie 393-445
Index to genera in this volume@iiacicusticsncedsayamesivauegss oe eaaseaney oe46 453-457
Indéx: ‘to species: 1 this: Volume: sca caues ees ceeeetsi seer teas wens deevebaes 459-484
Volume V.
ABARIGHTCAG aendvy c acacaiad: waves eos Luke Hanae slau ucebdgpans aa ib awd dy BOK Mindtnmame ameCN I-1144
Index te: génera in Wioluite V .4.2...onesswos ite naeii oe neal Mis emat aan 1145
Volume VI.
Hymenomycetes: Polyporaceae-Tremellaceae 1.0.0.0... 0.00 e cece eee eee 1-815
Index to genéra in Volumes V and Viecrisasscnrs seas teen tit ee Riverine 817-824
Ihidex to Species im: Volumes. V and Visseescs vrs detec ccs eeniou send doen 825-928
Volume VII.
Part 1:—
GasteromiyCetes:.j.cs0.544 ootoacaaweeuds. qosedimaeen Madea ed ose awe 1-180
Phy ComyCeves wa scpaciled ease amees oes wioe alos alte 35h bE ed eRe 180-322
Myxomycétes: cenciedaie ae ceeg dy sores se esas Sani ined oa a vms 323-468
168 GENERA OF FUNGI
Additions to Gasteromycetes ........ cc. cece cece eects 469-492
Index to genera in Volume VI, part T...... eee eee ee I-IV
Index to species in Volume VII, part 1........... eee ee ee ee V-XXX
Part 2:—
Ustilaciedeh ccc. Soe Gad Gnas ces cae cies Gene Sn oe 449-524
Wredineae “ass ogis eu ciackedid- savant au doldnesaieusaedat <sg matin en an 528-869
Index to genera in Volume VII, part 2.............0., XXXI-XXXIII
Index to species in Volume VII, part 2................0.0. XXXV-LIX
Volume VIII.
Conspectus: Systematicus Generalis sn: c.vcsaacccadan cnn sewd smmaemanes oe XITI-XVI
T)ISCOMIY. COLES) ex canens dots ve web eee Phe ook ed 4 Pes Ged Rea A Rea ene 3-842
Phymatosphaeriaceae os co. sss cls dee tee geen ee une S28 See REESE Ese 843-847
OnySeRnACEAS. 2 25.qhced25 News imine am Walanas eden asain mk chuon Whaarbapis wna le setae 861-862
Tuberoideae: gin dsanan ccd poe saan deci meMb es wicca ans Mummewa yao LO Ee eee eS 863-908
Laboulbeniaceae. « sd. sd eae cee sae 8hhhSo BPR ERS Eee MORE SEEM Dray Monee e ede ns 909-915
Saccharomycetes. ncceecseceunG ive iads ope ae oer Mebe ee laces ee a aew Lie asd 916-922
SCHIZOMIV COLES) cx cipissrcdalst wk oe dos eee.d Wadihuacwe 3 dP tae Sacldg onto ae MAE ga oNaaEae 923-1087
Index to generacin Volumé VilTis cic aacis cana casaan se aminaetings thee 1089-1095
Index to: species: in Volume Ville. cagaiees prea ne ig iit ge ae oe eames ee we 1097-1143
Volume IX.
PES IME OMY COLES sce ssn ue tnd aieraidynts waenaraus ee Cikndveas Sawant Meier Bee Uusaneane Hohe ee 1-261
Gasteromycetes:: <25. asic seecaleaice Aaubdaid dongle ads wanes deemed & 4b Sues 2 amend Grains 262-281
Ey pOdermieae:” sis dp fee A csounnas nau nae <nnled aaa e Oana Ook eel ROBES aA
Phiveoinycetese- cig. Rankinan eels suaeedapen we Sud 9 SkG eye Ue aais Mae ets ven Se Re aa a dee 335-363
Pyrenomycetes: sy.0d4 ce yaa ee eset wee eiaeeese staan eee s ey edores Gute s 364-1129
Tealbontl beniae@ eae: .<2.cctice sawing Wi adcamaaeie aaiandok dee yee hypade eee eee ees 1130-1134
Ihidex to genera in Volitme TX «ask ccaa aww eveeanaw nye deme ian ee nec yea ae T135-I141
Volume X.
De nonaunibus: eenebutil, savers gti ees nese sey tes wes 24 Se eB yoeR EE eS VII-IX
Bibliotheca: Mycologica; 222244215 caaaeganeoeeEee shee tocnnane odie eens ee XI-XXX
TSE O My CE ECS esas sig Seeassd pote alc w ee Aaa ale aesvik bob! euhetedebe hs RIDADS niobate wld SAWN ace a als I-79
ONY CENACEAE:.. gacousds Bed EAS Ree ae Nie ee ROR ie dale BONES meme ines 80
‘Guberoideae: sas. eaaa avy ee ed cays Abe e oe teas ee de nreeae ese eee saw etes 80-83
Mayscomy Cotes: inved-an'eseean cus neee Gh RL e eee Saad Sout ee ae oes 44 Repo meee 83-99
SEHIZOMYCCLES). s.sare pan Seas ade Re caddie oe en ease Be Sea abe ae 100
Sphaeropsideae ................0005 BD AORN A SA a Be SE cite anita ch a ieee 100-446
MEIMCOMIERS dacccowtiedeacd- Seas gee de oad Ao paed Go eee Gad Mave a eedeaatons BIA 446-509
Hiv phomycetes: ccc cidaansaiien pas cs os Dee Actinic: ake eaten naar 510-739
Fossil. une. sose osx seas oes wee ba 4 aWing Soa Eee Be ee OS aan e aw davanels 745-808
Index Universalis to Volumes I-X 2.0.1... eee eee cence eens 841-869
Index to species in Volumes IX and X...... cc cece cee eee eee eee 871-964
Volume XI.
Ely Mieno my Cees: sux cacghs eee edae am seindinet oe enh ae galas ec eeenes eoe4 I-I51
Gasteromycetes - ak caaiess cd ney s BREE AGE ye FG Se bdo & SMR Ra aTe Bo on Geena 152-173
Ely podernnuieae. cacsow< mec sairtaw canines sentra oe nabs eabuauesd daarnaglenemeeteedGres 174-238
RhYCOMYCEteS! -5.4.< eas haaninen dah Wletinds on pama nanny acetate ere Peewee 239-251
PYLENOMY COLES sai ay xcs Aveda dee aed Hine GARY JERE Ea eaeN ota wR 252-390
GUIDE TO THE SYLLOGE 169
DISCO COLES. 6 oc 4 Grardaceie s Aavanelns' sis RANA aie kd Sibsany Se epaCeapre USER BE ae eli 391-439
Phy matrosphaeriateae: . ccqncase<cweeseoe tuocd nae ee ae eeten sc taee Reuse ds paleo 440
Onygenaceae ....... Spe siege h Oe RE Loe eal aE RE MeAe eet ee SELES aT 440
Puberoideae. Ko sax yh ser sv eud eile Meco enee abo meewhew hele eee ee er taras 441-445
Teaboulbeniaceae hcuecten a sha Gan. Seis dae a sane d oearneae $44 6 OES woke aS 446-456
SaCeharomiycetvesi sd us nase hed dara awe! cere aewlaleand de nce aed Sane FRR aIs ST 457-459
Miyxobactenia: atau ween uss Aces pee See CORR mete wer ee wes BMA Coke Saws 460-461
MiyscOmiyCetes:. va ack scan waa s s ines oe eteedd o!niee uel i drAlve sama Mane oR RRWAES Sa eR 462-471
Sphaeropsidégé 22 steve eis shah ees cae ceed doebavs Mie eee cde Reed Sate eee eee 472-561
Men Oni16aes .6.5 cai EM ee dtine BUS ee ee BENG Ade Pa RAR este Fae RS 562-585
RE WDIIOTHY COLES. soi otal-aca oa’ ‘siawsesce a: tleaus-sestelola Sack Saosin asus auth Acacia Gaeta. dE Gs Rea LR DeSe 586-656
POSS Pun St vs.5 ces guee tt ae ig 244 a aa paca Sed Me FE EE Ee ee 657-659
Index to species in: Volume: XCD. i vinci cia pane eaes pee ea cue tte eeteaa as 677-718
Index Universalis: to. Volumes [-X1 2. cecnis cacao se5 sadn eug gwmnees genre
Volume XII.
Index Universalis to genera, species and varieties in Volumes I-XI.
ADD EE VIAETOMS: sso is. Bs cas ode Sheds SY GUS Seduce oo aa SAS aed g Sots Ok: DOB DOA ES
Fungi in living and dead parts of plants............ ccc cece eee eee eee 1-858
Fungi in living and dead parts of man and animals...............--..0.. 859-872
Fungi on dung and artificial substrata (textiles, etc.)...... cc. ee eee eee ee 873-902
Fungi on earth, stones, walls, turf and charcoal................0.0.0.0005 903-1039
Fossil! Burnet svasenceteseawy see keiwetediow seen Marea aie ciseeae pean ee 1042-1053
Volume XIII.
Abbreviations.
Host Index to the close of 1897 (Volumes I-XI).
Volume XIV.
Table of ordérs and familieSiviy ova ce sca do tiwagan vee avoid ene owklne ea ede 3-4
Table of spore sections and the genera included in them.................. 5-62
Hy Men Omyeetes® \csiu.d te weles 398 cece4w eens ea aaA ors eRe ake CESS 63-253
Gastenomycetes: sac oa 5 seen yo pace do dace ahem Adetie See choaherd ie addin eo yew ove 254-268
PERO IAC EAS chet oxic ah and ei BAe Magadapa ask rac end aero oe DWN eg Shae ma 269-409
WISP ate ttle CES: apse cassicesnsgcele 2a ante adicer'. Gacach Ayo avon MonnalMiata a edeis Mena urseaks «deat bebe: 410-430
JAVDNOSCOMACERE pn tiealegae dew ooh Geirea ao Gash ited Dawlarnaish ee ae ie eee ead es 431
PHY COMUYCELES: soscags ne Soaeaeoe ode eee CwemREAQIeRteS oe eee Eaegee Reeae ees 432-461
Py Pen OND COLES: wna Seite <q eek eats aun widen aver aldeie’ Wee onset, as N tea SNe esses oes 462-724
Gaboulbentacere: ascewsia ecgech sees dees sess oem eee cea es um adda dann 723-737
Discomycétes: .a-cea6 nnweke taedawaa oiled aashictusst Sy S cede autre ns WANG AEA aye vaca Ducbectocn 738-825
Waberord ewe anc scene gawd maiiennascre@ared fd hd wind be Bee ennsaaaave Ravatmecgla aa eed 826-828
Saecharoniycetes: secyisaccataneneaiGeawedwiees GUE bac evaes saga won es ee aE RN 828
PEOLOMYCELES ss a. wise oka Se ect sy have wa te Sieg GUI ig Se tec 829-830
MiyxOmiyeetes: a4) ica sethsew se eve beew seamen ees paneee Cas wand oan ne Gs 831-841
Myx ObaCteria -22c'ash x aes hous Weed Wwe y Melee SHE ES glade bb oe winvnr eew te abes 842-844
Sphaeropsidacede: 23 cchecese Gas a decade vies “aseda eG ses meals DGS Raa ce ed 844-1003
MIGIANCOMACEAS™ saccint cas ae sition te ad ncoran dalmamobaarina S1Ane-cestece aublaa yee 1004-1036
Pay plenty Cetes) sc -n0 x Sach ae adres osx Seng cls Asus Gale deers, BORA RON Ok 1037-1132
Appendix containing some omitted and new species.................... 1133-1137
Sterile: Miycelia. osasaukaiocccua Gee ae edieoe Ve OOS GG data uke Ae Ree aeelnes a 1138-1198
170 ‘
Index to species in Volume XIV
Index universalis to Volumes I-XIV
GENERA OF FUNGI
1219-1272
1277-1316
Volume XV.
Synonyms of genera, species and varieties in Volumes I-XIV.
Volume XVI.
FLY IMONOMYCELES. nea scs du Whee dose nn care aaeekln at bal ea odee eae 1-223
GaSlCRO MY COLES) as hevg cecroncig asd abs rca aieleii’g Seo 8 Akg SRL HERS S FUR Meu wid diaebnean 224-256
Ure iA COTS: io: eo cls tasalen es Wakearobrenhe 2 alee bawedoewaneneyeseeds awlna eees 257-306
NS Stila SIT AGEAG: s ayoca's aasuroleee see dains wistaudaablamdeiteiia oat au DGS ue BUA RE thei 367-382
Phycomiyeetes: sas gisichg dee ead Pome 2 ee aos Ges SRR RA Ree aaa Ces 383-397
Py renOmycetess \siiexs a ens vee he ede dig eden y OEE Sale easmu ise Wadaomarne 398-673
TLaboulbeniacede «cassis ne cieeilh sc ceccates anche OAAMAR ONE A wr Oe ae Wales 674-694
TQISCOMYEELES: Gicntican Meath a ais ada. tales dneedelnataeGiensene Menon bale Romane ee 695-817
DACCharOmMycetes’. sci cua S8'y-cmea Sein gaaniew aime caw weed aw qebeceguereein Sauedtels 818
MiyXOMY.CeleES:) bviss wey vee ve Ree e ates neds bhe FES ee REM a tiem ohsalom baa MAO 819-824
Detiteromycetes, & decteenauens We te sei aw Waarscocanea-p PhS e aan ka vaiileaere wheres 6 Salo 825-1107
Sterile My Celia sankugen s5.055.2 saathnnaedaad aig acer baages acc UGA ch ot Aa eas tT 1108-1109
APP éTidix? new FUNSL. oi x xoaca eee ae nick See ahs Gala caieatere aie saw boi Re IIIO-1158
Index to species. in: Volume XV Dawes esse cas vaawls aadmasioae ys oneeed saggeete 1179-1233
Index universalis to Volumes J=X Vi esss.casics eeosseus ete d ows Hawa yes dee 1239-1291
Volume XVII.
Bibliotheca Myeolosiéa sist vein dcasesasaaddeaaiav es es o6a0 madacnens anes IX-CVII
FRYTHEMOMYCELES: ccced visa daa wen eclosion en Aenean ad SRE Nata A pan a I-21I
Gastenoinycetesy Fresicatttaa ait ldetrata tata crnmeslste rice Rcterata ecaancte hy pias anaeeae ts y 212-243
LipedinaGeae ccmsiais bees es pads SRENEO RS DON so aNRR RR EEE SHEN LAER ELE e meee 244-471
MpStila gata eea © - 55 aic Gea cea candida dvaek apanedns sue aesdee aac Rxcnth ose eet ee See nag Pipa Se dawn 472-493
BHYVCOMY COLES: suanas yyw ieee end aces eae et athena Dna eemleln a eelse Seas 494-523
PYTENOMYCELES OG ae Se eae eee ERNES Dame ine a Se Ewe MR dale wedge Seis BARE 524-914
Teabatlbeniaceae: nye. evade wie cewiady aan idhad nee Pano ed kia Aldi tose Woe are apy alllede Brats 915-924
Indéx to spécies in Volume X Vil scscag ca ccasseeeea dear sectee se saad ce dees 941-986
Index to wetiera in, Volume XVII a3 202s25c2cdddeeewaie neieee do ecuiene and bro 987-991
Volume XVIII.
Mycological diagnosis and nomenclature...........000 000. cece eee eee eee III-VII
DISCOMYCELES™. 4 pwisee oe oeeys Raw are ee Re Aaa oul adie aa SER ee ee aes I-207
MiyxOmycetes) “jac stisu Wyraehce cance HA dR ainataee walle iowa BO eee MERE Away 208-217
Myxobaeteriay caus saee ged Suede Soke SSe tee dene eal ac cdate woud eens 217-219
TVEULET ONY COLES. ota aquictas iis Paw caine eis eedeenaied eae HEP ee Aevatiioe eamal oe csc ewibe 219-690
Sterile Miyicéliay sponses is Guvhrtadae seraeeieisomananbaned suleagas dalsaee olay 690-691
Index to species in Volume XVIII... + ccc0 cc sew eevee se eaten eens esas ee 707-740
Index universalis to Volumes I-XVIII
Index to Families in Saccardo’s “Sylloge Fungorum
and Rehm’s “Discomyceten”
Hypodermaceae
Acrospermaceae ...... R: 53
Agaricaceae .......... 52 3) O28 3) If: Ty Id: 63, 16: 2, 16: TTLo, 17: I
Ancylistaceae ......... 16: 305
Arthoniaceae ......... 10: 74, 16: 798, 18: 186, R. 414
Ascobolaceae ......... 8: 512, 10: 31, If: 420, 14: 792, 16: 758, 1149, 18: 116, R. 1078
Ascocorticiaceae ...... 18: 108
Ascoidaceae .......... 16: 806
Bulgariaceae .......... 8: 607, 10: 38, 11: 425, 14: 801, 16: 766, 1150, 18: 131, R. 444
Caliciaceae ..8: 825, 10: 72, II: 4390, 14: 825, 18: 189, R. 388
Cenangiaceae ......... R. 213
Cenococcaceae ....... 8. 871
Chytridiaceae ........ 7: 286, 9: 357, I1: 246, 14: 437, 16: 389, 1122, 17: 511
Clavariaceae .......... 6: 670, 9: 247, II: 134, 14: 235, 16: I116, 17: 193
Coccoideaceae ........ 17: 860
Cordieritaceae ........ 8. 810, 16: 803
Coryneliaceae ........ g: 1073, If: 385, 16: 650
Cyttariaceae .......... 8: 4, 16: 695, 18: 1
'Dematiaceae .......... 4: 235, 9: 378, 10: 569, 11: 610, 14: 1068, 16: 1050, 1157, 18:
563
Dermateaceae ........ 8: 545, 10: 36, 11: 422, 14: 794, 16: 762, 1149, 18: 121, R. 241
Dothideaceae ......... 2: 588, A. 222, 9: 1004, 11: 368, 14: 663, 16: 616, 1144, 17: 827
Elaphomycetaceae ....8: 863, 10: 80, Ir: 441
Endogonaceae ». 8: 905
Endomycetaceae ......18: 202
Entomophthoraceae .. 7: 280, 9: 349, 14: 437, 16: 388, 1123, 17: 510
Eoterfeziaceae ... 18: 205
Euphacidaceae .R. 60
Euphacidiaceae ....... R. 913
Eustictaceae .......... R. 113
Excipulaceae ......... 3: 664, A. 358, 10: 432, 11: 558, 14: 999, 16: 993, 18: 436
Exoascaceae ......... 14: 823, 16: 803, 18: 196
Geoglossaceae ..R. 1142
Gymnoascaceae ...... 8: 811, 10: 67, It: 435, 14: 824, 16: 805, 1152
Helotiaceae ........... R. 647
Helvellaceae ......... 8:7, 10: I, 11: 301, 14: 738, 16: 605, 1146, 18: 2, R. 1134
Hemihysteriaceae .. A. 260, 9: 1094, 11: 385, 14: 707, 16: 653, 17: 892
Heterosphaeriaceae ...R. 198
Hydnaceae ........... 6: 429, 9: 208, I1: 106, 14: 201, 16: 174, 1116, 17: 147
Hymenogastraceae ....7: 154, 9: 280, 11: 168, 14: 267, 16: 245, 17: 239
Hypocreaceae ........ 2: 447, A. 194, 9: 941, II: 354, 14: 621, 16: 559, 1140, 17: 777
10: 748, R. 28
72
Hysteriaceae
Laboulbeniaceae
Leptostromaceae
Lophiostomaceae .....
Lycoperdaceae
Melanconiaceae
Microthyriaceae
Mollisiaceae
Monascaceae
Monoblepharidaceae ..
Mucedinaceae
Mucoraceae
Myriangiaceae
Myxobacteriaceae
Nectrioidaceae .......
Nidulariaceae
Onygenaceae
Ostropaceae
Patellariaceae
Perisporiaceae
Peronosporaceae
Pezizaceae
Phacidiaceae
Phallaceae
Phymatosphaeriacene..
Polyporaceae
Protomycetaceae
Pseudophacidiaceae .
Rhizinaceae
Saccharomycetaceae ..
Saprolegniaceae
Schizomycetaceae
Sphaeriaceae
Sphaerioidaceae
Sphaeropsidaceae
Stictidaceae
Stilbaceae
Thelephoraceae
Tremellaceae
Tryblidiaceae
Tuberaceae
Tulasnellaceae
Uredinaceae
Ustilaginaceae
GENERA OF FUNGI
, A. 263, 9:
893, R. 3
as I100, 11: 385, 14: 710, 16: 657, 1145, 17:
..8: 909, 9: 1130, 11: 446, 14: 725, 16: 674, 17: 915
3: 625, A. 356, 10: 412, II: 553, 14: 992, 16: 986, 18: 419
2: 672, A. 254, 9: 1074, 11: 382, 14: 702, 16: 650, 1144, 17: 886
7° 48, 9: 266, II: 157, 14: 257, 16: 230, 1117, 17: 217
3: 696, A. 361, 10: 446, IT: 562, 14: 1004, 16: 995, 1155, 18: 447
2: 658, A. 246, 9: 1053, 11: 379, 14: 686, 16: 633, 1141, 17: 861
R. 503
4: 2, A. 372, 10: 510, 11: 586, 14: 1037, 16: 1022, 1156, 18: 495
7: 182, 9: 335, 11: 239, 14: 432, 16: 383, 17: 494
-. 16: 799, 1151, 18: I91
- 11: 467, 14: 842, 18: 217
: 613, A. 354, 10: 404, 11: 552, 14: 988, 16: 983, 18: 407
: 28, 9: 265, IT: 156, 14: 256, 16: 229, 17: 214
: 861, 10: 80, 11: 440, 16: 807
. 185
: 768, 10: 52, I1: 433, 14: 818, 16: 791, 1151, 18: 165, R. 277
21, A. I, 9: 364, 11: 252, 14: 462, 16: 398, 1123, 17: 524
+ 233, 9: 340, 11: 242, 14: 457, 16: 396, 17: 519
: 53, 10: 3, 11: 393, 14: 744, 16: 7or, 1146, 18: 11, R. 913
- 705, 10: 48, 11: 431, 14: 813, 16: 783, 1150, 18: 155, R. 60
: I, 9: 262, 11: 152, 14: 254, 16: 224, 1118, 17: 212
: 843, 11: 440, 14: 826
: I, 9: 150, Il: 79, 14: 164, 16: 138, 1115, 17: 95
: 310, 9: 363, Il: 251, 14: 829, 16: 816, 1153, 18: 202
. 87
Ts
: 916, 11: 457, 14: 828, 16: 818, 1153, 18: 198
: 254, 9: 343, Il: 244, 14: 450, 16: 395, 1123, 17: 518
: 923, I0: 100
: 88, 2: 1, A. 22, 9: 442. 11: 271, 14: 478, 16: 417, 1128, 17:
561
1, A. 285, 10: 100, 11: 472, 14: 844, 16: 825, 1154, 18: 219
ce
To: 785, 16: 1154
8: 647, 10: 44, 11: 428, 14: 806, 16: 776, 1150, 18: 146, R. 112
: 363, A. 386, 10: 681, 11: 640, 14: 1107, 16: 1082, 1157, 18:
630
6: 513, 9: 218, 11: 115, 14: 212, 16: 181, 1116, 17: 160
6: 760, 9: 257, 11: 142, 14: 244, 16: 215, 1117, 17: 203
R. 191
&: 872, 10: 80, 11: 442, 14: 826, 16: 808, 1146, 18: 205
4: 635, A. 389, 10: 700, 11: 645, 14: I115, 16: 1ogo, 1158, 18:
658
14: 234
7: 528, 9: 201, 11: 174, 14: 269, 16: 257, 1118, 17: 244
7: 449, 9: 282, II: 230, 14: 410, 16: 367, 1122, 17: 472
Genus
Lasiosphaeris
Herpothrix
Comoclathris
Dimerisma
Phaeomeris
Pleophalis
Phalostauris
Phaeosporis
Lithoecis
Phragmothele
Phaeothrombis
Phaeoglaena
Dichoporis
Diporina
Dipyrenis
Holothelis
Dithelopsis
Pyrenyllium
Polythelis
Ditremis
Trichotrema
Phylloporis
Sphaerodes
Rhynchomelas
Dasyphthora
Pleodothis
Discostroma
Chlorodothis
Sciodothis
Nothostroma
Mycoporis
Pleoglonis
List of New Genera and Types
Sphaeriaceae
Character
Lasiosphaeria phaeophragmia
Herpotrichia phaeophragmia
Clathrospora pilosa
Verrucariaceae
Spheconisca phaeodidyma
Spheconisca phaeophragmia
Spheconisca polyspora
Staurothele hyalospora
Verrucaria phaeospora
Verrucaria immersa
Thelidium hyalophragmium
Thrombium phaeosporum
Microglaena phaeodictya
Porina schizospora hyalodid.
Porina hyalodidyma
Pyrenula phaeodidyma
Thelopsis hyalospora
Thelopsis hyalodidyma
Arthropyrenia hyalodidyma
Microthelia phaeophragmia
Pleurotrema hyalodidymum
Pleurotrema scolecosporum
Phylloporina hyalodidyma
Hypocreaceae
Sphaeroderma esubiculatum
Melanospora stromatica
Nectria pilosa
Dothideaceae
Plowrightia polyspora
Curreya hyalodictya
Mycoporaceae
Mycoporellum hyalodidymum
Mycoporellum phaeodidymum
Mycoporellum hyalophragmium
Mycoporellum phaeophragmi-
um
Hysteriaceae
Glonium polysporum
L.
Hs
Dz.
Ph.
Ph.
Ph.
L.
Ph.
Ph.
D.
D
D
H
D
P:
P.
D
ae
P
h.
Rh.
Dz.
P.
D.
Ch.
N.
Type Page
hispida (Tode) 35
calospora (Winter) 35
Comoclathris lanata Clements 37
tenebrosum (Norm.) 39
confusa (Norm.) 39
P. nova (Norm.) 39
diffractella (Tuck.) 39
melasperma (Nyl.) 39
tristis (Kremp.) 39
papularis (Fr.) 39
melaspermiza (Stnr.) 40
40
schizospora (Wain.) 40
. subsimplicans (Nyl.) 40
. trachysperma (Mull. Arg.) 40
. flaveola (Arn.) 40
. subporinella (Nyl.) 40
analeptum (Ach.) 41
sexlocularis (Mull. Arg.) 41
. inspersa (Mull. Arg.) 41
trichosporum (Mill. Arg.) 41
phyllogena (Mull. Arg.) 41
S. episphaerium (Ph. & Pl.) 44
arenaria (Mont.) 44
lasioderma (EIl.) 45
polyspora (Bref.) 49
rehmii (Schnabl) 50
lahmii (Mill. Arg.) 50
S. leucoplaca (Miill. Arg.) 50
roseolum (Mull. Arg.) 50
perexigua (Mull. Arg.) 50
M.
P;
strobiligena (Desm.)
174
Plearthonis
Diarthonis
Merarthonis
Digraphis
Psorographis
Habrostictis
Naeviella
Diplocryptis
Xyloglyphis
Merostictis
Tryblidis
Odontura
Agyrina
Myridium
Epilichen
Pleospilis
Lecoglyphis
Mycolecis
Parathalle
Eucyphelis
Holocyphis
Dipyrgis
Ditylis
Holocoenis
Pleopyrenis
Pleoconis
Dicollema
Gonothecis
Chloropeltis
Scolecactis
Pleolecis
Diphloeis
Diphanis
Diphaeis
Phalodictyum
Merophora
GENERA OF FUNGI
Graphidaceae
Allarthonia hyalophragmia P
Arthonia hyalodidyma D
Arthoniopsis hyalodidyma M
Graphis hyalodidyma D
Acanthothecis hyalophragmia Ps
Stictidaceae
Naevia iodata H
Naevia didymospora N.
Diplonaevia iodata D
Xylogramma didymosporum X
Phragmonaevia non-iodata M.
Tryblidiaceae
Tryblidiopsis didymospora Ts
Odontotrema scolecosporum O.
Bulgariaceae
Agyrium polysporum A.
Orbilia polyspora M.
Patellariaceae
Karschia lichenicola
Melaspilea polyspora
Leciographa hysterioidea
Leciographa saprophytica
Lahmia parasitica
Her
Caliciaceae
Sphinctrina laeta stipitata E
Cyphelium sphaerosporum Fs,
Pyrgillus didymosporus
Tylophorum didymosporum D.
Chrysotrichaceae
Coenogonium amerosporum TH:
Collemataceae
Pyrenopsis polyspora Be
Peccania polyspora P.
Collema didymosporum D.
Peltophoraceae
Sporopodium phycepitheciale
Peltophora palmellicola
Lecanactis scolecospora
Lecidea polyspora P.
Toninia didymospora D.
Rhizocarpum hyalodidymum D.
Rhizocarpum phaeodidymum OD.
Rhizocarpum hyalodictyum
Gyrophora merospora M.
. caesia (Fw.)
. lurida (Ach.)
. leptosperma (Mull. Arg.)
. turbulenta (Nyl.)
. clavuliger (Wain.)
. pallida (Fckl.)
paradoxa (Rehm)
. foveolaris (Rehm)
. striola (Fr.)
emergens (Karst.)
pinastri (Pers.)
rhaphidospora (Rehm)
sexdecimspora (Fckl.)
myriosporum (Ph. & Hark.)
. scabrosus (Ach.)
. vermifera (Leight.)
. centrifuga (Mass.)
. lecideina (Rehm)
. fuistingii (Korb.)
. acicularis (Smith)
bolanderi (Tuck.)
moderata (Nyl.)
leprieurii (Mont.)
picina (Nyl.)
kansana (Tuck.)
Pycnocarpum (Nyl.)
G. phyllocharis (Mont.)
Ch. aphthosa (L.)
S. myriadea (Fee)
geophana (Nyl.)
candida (Web.)
polycarpa (Hepp)
badiatra (Fik.)
Ph. obscuratum (Ach.)
haplocarpa (Nyl.)
Dibaeis
Cyanobaeis
Chlorocaulum
Myriolecis
Adermatis
Dyslecanis
Pleochroma
Ocellis
Phanotylium
Diphanosticta
Diphaeosticta
Phanosticta
Dysticta
Cystolobis
Podostictina
Merostictina
Dystictina
Phycodiscis
Pleorinis
Meroplacis
Merorinis
Phragmopyxine
Dictyorinis
Spilopezis
Dibelonis
Pezoloma
Eubelonis
Belospora
Merodontis
Dyslachnum
Phalothrix
Dasypezis
Jotidea
Podaleuris
Leucopezis
Trichaleuris
Haplocybe
LIST OF NEW GENERA AND TYPES
Cladoniaceae
Baeomyces didymosporus
Baeomyces cyanophyceus
Stereocaulum lecanorinum
Parmeliaceae
Lecanora polyspora
Lecania phragmospora
Lecania polyspora
Candelariella polyspora
Ocellularia didymospora
Tremotylium hyalodictyum
Sticta lecanorina hyalodid.
Sticta lecanorina phaeodid.
Sticta lecan. hyalophragmia
Sticta lecideina
Lobaria cysticoccola
Stictina hyalophr. stipitata
Stictina phaeophragmia
Stictina lecideina
Lobarina lecanorina
Physciaceae
Rinodina polyspora
Caloplaca phragmospora
Rinodina phragmospora
Pyxine phragmospora
Rinodina dictyospora
Mollisiaceae
Pyrenopeziza subiculata
Beloniella hyalodidyma
Helotiaceae
Cyathicula sessilis
Belonium hyalodidymum
Belonioscypha chaetospora
Davincia sessilis
Lachnum sessile
Dasyscypha phalotrichia
Dasyscypha sessilis
Pezizaceae
Otidea iodata
Aleurina stipitata
Neottiopezis eciliata
Aleurina setosa
Helvellaceae
Cudoniella hyalospora
D. rosea (Pers.)
C. paeminosa (Kremp.)
Ch. salazinum (Bory)
M. sambuci (Pers.)
A. nylanderiana (Mass.)
D. syringea (Ach.)
P. vitellina (Ehrh.)
australiense (Mull. Arg.)
cellulifera (H. & T.)
physciospora (Nyl.)
Ph. freycinetii (Del.)
D. sinuosa (Pers.)
C. leucocarpa (Mill. Arg.)
oe
P. endochrysoides (Mill. Arg.) 82
M. mougeotiana (Del.)
D. tomentosa (Sw.)
Ph. retigera (Bory)
P. polyspora (Th. Fr.)
M. brebissonii (Fee)
M. conradi (Korb.)
Ph. eschweileri (Tuck.)
D. diplinthia (Nyl.)
radians (Rob.)
. dehnii (Rabh.)
ow
griseum Clements
drosodes (Rehm)
ciliatospora (Fckl.)
M. tenella (Penz. & Sacc.)
D. mollissimum (Lasch)
Ph. hyalotricha (Rehm)
D. albolutea (Pers.)
Soi
I. pleurota (Phill.)
P. reperta (Boud.)
L. excipulata Clements
T. crinita (Bull.)
H. aquatica (Lib.)
Or
Podocapsium
Sirodothis
Chaetoconis
Sirocyphis
Petasodes
Hormyllium
Thecostroma
Trichoconis
Hormodochis
Chaetodochis
GENERA OF FUNGI
Gymnascaceae
Podocapsa polyspora P. diffusum (Van Tieg.)
Phomataceae
Dothiorella catenata S. populi Clements
Kellermannia phaeodidyma Ch. polygoni (E. & E.)
Zythiaceae
Cyphina catenata S. nivea Clements
Leptostromataceae
Leptostromella basidiis um-
bellatis P. umbellatum (Vesterg.)
Melanconiaceae
Trullula hyalospora_ basidiis H. populi (Preuss)
ramosis
Trullula hyalospora Th. nitidulum (Sacc.)
Moniliaceae
Ramularia trichospora T. caudata (Ap. & Str.)
Tuberculariaceae
Epidochium catenatum H. melanochlora (Desm.)
Chaetostroma catenatum Ch. caricis (Fckl.)
94
123
125
130
133
135
135
145
163
163
Glossary of Latin and English Terms
A
a, without (in comp.)
ab, from
abbreviatus, shortened
abeuns, deviating
abhorreo, abhor, differ from
abiegnus, fir
abietinus, fir
abnormis, abnormal
abortivus, abortive
abortus, aborted
abrupte, abruptly
abundans, abundant
abunde, abundantly
ac, and
acaudatus, without a tail
accedo, to approach
accessory, additional
accipio, to accept
acerinus, maple
acervulatus, heaped, massed
acervulus, i, m., a little heap
acervus, i, m, a heap
achromaticus, without color
achrous, colorless
acicularis, acicular, needle-shaped
acidulus, slightly acid
acies, ei, f., edge
acotyledon, nis, m., cryptogam
acquiro, to acquire
acrogenus, acrogenous, borne at tip
acropleurogenus, borne at the tip and
on the sides
acris, sharp
aculeatus, spiny, pointed
aculeolatus, spiny, pointed
acuminatus, long-pointed
acus, us, f., needle
acutatus, acute
acutiusculus, somewhat acute
acutus, acute
ad, to
adesse, to be present
adhibitus, used, applied
adhuc, as yet, hitherto
adinterim, meanwhile
admiro, to look, wonder at
admodum, at least, fully, very
adnatus, adnate, touching broadly
adparenter, apparently
adproximatus, drawn near
adscendens, ascending
adsociatus, clustered
adspectus, us, m., sight, appcarance
adultus, fully grown
adustus, burned, blackened
aecidiiformis, aecidium-shaped
aecium, a cluster cup
aegre, poorly, with difficulty
aemulans, rivalling
aemulus, similar
aeneus, brazen, coppery
aequalis, equal
aequans, equalling
aequidistans, equally distant
aerius, aerial
aerobius, growing in the air
aerophilus, aerial
aeruginosus, copper-colored
aeternus, eternal
affectus, affected
affixus, attached
afflatus, swollen
agamicus, asexual
agamus, asexual
ager, ri, m., field
agglomeratus, heaped together
aggregatus, grouped together
albicans, whitening
albidus, white
albofarctus, white-stuffed
albolutescens, whitish yellow
albus, white
alcoholicus, alcoholic
alienus, foreign, strange
aliquantisper, for a while
178 GENERA OF FUNGI
aliquantulus, somewhat, a little
alius, another, other
alius,—alius, some—others
allantoid, sausage-shaped, short and
curved
allantoideus, a, um, allantoid, sausage-
shaped
alliaceus, a, um, of an onion
alpis, mountain
alte, deeply
alternus, a, um, alternate
altitudo, f., height
altus, a, um, high
alutaceus, grayish yellow
alveolatus, a, um, with hollows
amaricans, making bitter, irritating
ambiens, surrounding
ambitus, m., periphery
amentum, n., catkin
amerosporus, a, um, with one-celled
spores
amethysteus, a, um, amethyst-colored
amissus, a, um, lost, dismissed
ammoniacalis, e, like ammonia
amnis, is, m., a brook
amoebiformis, e, amoeba-form
amoeboid, amoeba-like
amoeboideus, a, um, amoeba-like
amoene, beautifully
amoenus, a, um, beautiful, pleasant
amoveo, to withdraw
amphibius, a, um, amphibial
amphigenus, a, um, borne on both
sides
amplectens, clasping
amplecto, to wind or clasp
amplus, a, um, broad, ample
ampulliformis, ampulliform, cushion-
like
amycelicus, without mycelium
amygdalinus, almond-like, pink
analogus, similar
anastomosans, anastomosing, running
together
anceps, cipitis, two-headed, double
androgynus, with male and female
angularis, angular
angulosus, angulose, angular
angustatus, narrowed
angustus, narrow
animalcula, ae, f., little animal
annularis, ring-like
annulatim, in a ring
annulatus, annulate, with a ring, ringed
annuliform, ring-like
annulus, i, m., a ring
annuosus, aged, old
anormaliter, abnormally
anserinus, of or pertaining to geese
ante, before
antecedens, preceding
antheridiiformis, antheridium-like
antheridium, ii, m., antherid
antherozcidium, ii, n., antherozoid
antice, in front
aparaphysatus, without paraphyses
apertus, open
aperio, to open, uncover
apex, icis, m., tip
apiculatus, apiculate, with a point
apiculiformis, like a little point
apophysatus, with a supporting cell
apothecium, ii, n., cup or disk con-
taining asci
appendicula, ae, f., little appendage
appendiculatus, appendiculate, appen-
daged
appendix, icis, f., appendage
applanatus, applanate, flattened
approximatus, close, near
apricus, wild
apud, at
apus, odis, without a stalk
aquaeductus, us, m., aqueduct
aquaticus, aquatic
aquosus, watery
arachnoideus, cobwebby
araneosus, cobwebby
arbor, is, f., tree
arbusculiformis, shrub-like
arcte, closely
arcticus, arctic
arcuatim, bow-like, curved
arcuatus, arcuate, bow-like
area, ae, f., space
areola, ae, f., little space
areolatus, areolate, marked by areas
or spaces
arescens, drying
aresco, to become dry
GLOSSARY
argenteus, silvery
argentinus, silvery
argillaceus, clay-color
aridus, dry
arista, ae, f., awn
aristatus, aristate, awned
arrectus, upright, stiff
arrhizus, without roots
articulatus, jointed
articulus, i, m., joint
asciger, ascus-bearing
ascogenic, producing asci
ascoma, atis, n., spore-fruit, ascus-
bearing body
ascophorus, ascus-bearing
ascus, i, m., sac
asiaticus, Asiatic
asper, rough
asperatus, asperate, roughened
aspergo, to scatter, sprinkle
asperulus, slightly roughened
assef, eris, m., branch, beam, post
assurgens, ascending
asterigmaticus, without stalks
asterineus, star-like, radiate
asteroid, star-like, radiate
asteroma-like, with radiate subicle
astomus, mouthless
astromatoideus, without a stroma
asymmetricus, irregular
ater, dark, black
atomatus, with small particles
atomisticus, tiny
atque, also
atrans, blackening
atratus, dark
atro-fuscus, dark
atro-inquinans, blackening
atro-nitidus, black and shining
atropiceus, black as pitch
atropurpureus, dark purple
attenuatus, tapering
attingens, touching
attolens, raising
atypicus, abnormal
auctio, onis, f., growth
auctor, is, comm., author
auctus, enlarged
audeo, to dare
augmentum, i, n., increase, growth
aurantiaceus, orange, golden
aurantinus, orange
auratus, golden
aureus, golden
auriformis, ear-shaped
australis, southern
aut, or
autem, moreover
authenticus, authentic
autumnus, autumn
avulsus, torn off, separated
axicola, growing on the axis
axiformis, axis-like
axilaris, axillary
azonus, without zones
azygospore, a zygospore formed with-
out conjugation
B
bacca, ae, f., berry
baccatus, berry-like
bacillaris, bacillar, rod-shaped
bacteriformis, bacterium-like
bactrosporus, with rod-shaped spores
baculum, i, n., rod
badius, brown
basidiosporus, with spores borne on
stalks
basidium, ii, n., rod, basidium
basilaris, basal
basis, is, f., base
bene, plainly, well
benevole, kindly
betulicola, growing on birch
betulinus, birchen
bi-, two, twice
bibulus, absorbing
biclavuligerus, bearing
shaped branches
biconic, conic at each end
biconvexus, biconvex
bicornus, with
branched
bicorticus, with two barks
bidentatus, two-toothed
bifidus, split into two parts
biformis, or -us, of two forms
bifrons, on both sides of the leaf
bifurcatus, two-forked
two club-
two horns, two-
180 GENERA OF FUNGI
biguttulatus, with two globules or
vacuoles
bilabellulatus, two-lipped
bilabiatus, two-lipped
bilobus, two-lobed
bilocularis, two-celled
binatim, by twos
binucleolatus, with two oil-drops
binus, two-fold
biogenus, biogenous, growing on or-
ganisms
biophilus, biophilous, growing on or-
ganisms
bipunctatus, with two vacuoles
bis, twice
biscoctiformis, biscuit-shaped
biserialis, in two rows
biseriatus, in two rows
bisporus, two-spored
bitunicatus, with two walls
biuncinatus, two-hooked
bombardus, cannon-like
borealis, northern
botryosus, botryose, clustered like
grapes
botuliformis, botuliform, sausage-
shaped
brachiatus, with arms
bractea, ae, f., bract
brevicollis, short-necked
brevis, short
breviter, shortly
breviusculus, somewhat short
brunneolus, brownish
brunneus, brown
bulla, ae, f., bubble
bullula, ae, f., a little swelling
byssinus, cottony
byssisedus, byssisede, seated cn cot-
ton is
byssoideus, byssoid, cottony
byssus, i, f., cotton
Cc
caerulescens, turning blue
caesius, bluish-grey
caespes, itis, m., tuft
caespitosus, cespitose, in tufts
caesus, fallen
calamus, i, m., stem
calcareus, of lime, calcareous
calceariferus, bearing lime
calcifer, bearing lime
calidarium, ii, n., hot-house
callosus, roughened
calvescens, becoming bare
calvitium, ii, n., bald spot
calvus, bare, bald, not pubescent
calx, calcis, f., lime
calyciformis, cup-shaped
calycicola, living on the calyx
calycularis, cup-shaped
calyptra, ae, f., cap
calyx, ycis, m., calyx, cup
campanulatus, bell-shaped
campaniformis, bell-shaped
campylotropus, curved
canaliculatus, canaliculate, channeled
candicans, growing white
cannabinus, of hemp
canus, hoary
capillaris, hair-like
capillatura, ae, f., mass of hair
capilliform, hair-like
capillitium, ii, n., mass of threads
capillus, i, m., hair
capitatus, capitate, in heads
capitulatus, borne in little heads
capitulum, i, n., a little head.
capreolus, i, m., goat
caprinus, of or pertaining to goats
capsula, ae, f., capsule
caput, itis, n., head
carbo, onis, m., carbon, charcoal
carbonaceus, like coal
carbonicola, on burned-over ground
or on charcoal
carbonous, like coal or carbon
carens, Jacking
caries, ei, f., decay
carinatus, keeled
cariosus, decaying
carneus, flesh-colored
carnosus, carnose, fleshy
caro, carnis, f., flesh
carpogenus, living on fruit
carpogonium, ii, n., carpagone
cartilagineus, cartilaginous, tough but
pliable
caryopsis, idis, f., grain
GLOSSARY
castaneus, chestnut brown
catenate, in chains
catenifer, chain-bearing
catenigerus, bearing chains
catenula, ae, f., chain
catenulatus, catenulate, in chains
catenuliformis, chain-like
catenulus, m., -a, f., a small chain
caterva, ae, f., heap, crowd
catervatim, in heaps, in groups
cauda, ae, f., tail
caudatus, caudate, tailed
caudex, icis, m., stalk
caudicula, ae, f., a little stalk
caulicola, growing on stems
caulis, is, m., stem
caulogenus, on stems
caverna, ae, f., a cavern, hollow
cavernosus, with hollows
cavernula, ae, f., a little cavity
cavitas, atis, f., cavity
cavitatus, hollow
cavus, i, m., hollow
celans, hiding
cella, ae, f., a cell
celluliformis, cell-shaped
cellulosus, cellular
censeo, to think, estimate
centrifugus, centrifugal
centrum, i, n., the centre
cephalodium ii, n., a globose to club-
shaped projection on a_ lichen
thallus
ceraceus, waxy
cerebriformis, brain-like
cereus, waxy
cerno, to perceive, separate
cernuus, nodding, inclined
cerumen, inis, n.. wax
cervinus, tawny
cespitose, clustered, crowded
ceterum, remaining
chalybeus, of steel
character, eris, m., character, style
charta, ae, f., paper
chartaceus, papery
chlamydosporicus,
spores
chlorinus, greenish
chlorophyllous, green, with chloro-
phyll
with chlamydo-
chorda, ae, f., twine, a cord
cibaria, ae, f., food
cicatrix, icis, f., a scar
ciliatulus, slightly ciliate
ciliatus, ciliate, with long hairs on the
margin
ciliolatus, ciliolate, with cilia
cincinnatus, curled
cinctus, surrounded
cinerascens, becoming ashen
cinereus, ashen
cingens, surrounding
cingulatus, surrounded
cingulus, i, m., a little belt
cinnabarinus, orange red
cinnamomeus, cinnamon-colored
circa, near
circinatus, circinate, coiled
circino, to circle
circiter, about
circuitus, us, m., a circuit
circulus, i, m., a circle
circumambiens, encircling
circumdatus, surrounded
circumscissile, splitting circularly
circumscriptus, circumscribed
circumtextus, surrounded
circumvallatus, surrounded
cirrhatus, curled
cirrhosus, curly
citatus, cited
cito, to name, mention
cito, soon, rather
citriformis, citriform, lemon-shaped
citrinus, lemon yellow
cladodium, ii, n., a leaf, branch
cladogenus, borne on branches
clathratus, clathrate, latticed
clausus, closed
clava, ae, f., a club
clavaria-like, club-shaped,
like
clavatus, club-shaped
claviformis, club-shaped
clavis, is, f., a key
clavula, ae, f., a little club
clavulatus, club-shaped
clypeatus, shield-like
clypeus, i, m., a shield
or coral-
181
182 GENERA OF FUNGI
coacervatus, coacervate, heaped to-
gether
coadunatio, onis, f., a summing up
coadunatus, united, collected
coalescens, coalesced, running to-
gether
coalitus, joined, running together
coarctatus, crowded
coccineus, bright red
coccus, i, m., round cell, berry
cochleariformis, spoon-shaped
cochleatus, ear-like
coctus, cooked
coenobium, ii, n., a colony
coerulescens, turning blue
coffeatus, coffee-like
coffeicolor, coffee-colored
coffeiformis, coffee-shaped
cognatus, related
cogo, to act, collect
cohabitans, living together
cchaerens, cohering
collabasco, to fall in
collabens, collapsing, crumbling up
collabent, collapsing, falling in
collapsus, collapsed
collariatus, collared,
collar
collectivus, collected
colliculosus, with tiny elevations
collum, i, n., a neck
colonia, ae, f., a colony
color, is, m., color
coloratio, onis, f., coloration, color
coloratus, colored
coloreus, colored
columella, ae, f., a small pillar, colu-
mella
columnaris, columnar
comatus, shaggy
comestibilis, eatable
commissura, ae, f., commissure, path,
cleft
commixtus, commingled
communico, to share, communicate
communis, common
comosus, hairy
compactus, dense
compaginatus, united
complectens, comprising, clasping
attached to a
complecto(r), to clasp.
complexus, complex
compositus, composed, compound
compressus, compressed
concatenatus, in chains
concavus, concave
cencentricus, concentric
conceptaculum, i, n., conceptacle
cenchiformis, conchiform, shell-
shaped
concolor, concolorous, of like color
concrescens, growing together
concretus, united
condensus, condensed
conditio, onis, f., condition
confero, to collect
confertus, crowded
confirmatio, onis, f., confirmation
conflatus, swollen
contuens, running together
confluo, to merge
conformis, all alike, similar
confundo, to mingle, confuse
congestus, crowded
conglobatus, conglobate, heaped to-
gether
conglomeratus, heaped
conglutinatus, conglutinate, glued to-
gether
congregatus, aggregated
congruo, to agree
conicus, conical
conidium, ii, n., an asexual spore
conidial, producing or pertaining to
conidia
conidicus, conidial
conidiferus, conidia-bearing
conidiophorum, i, n., a hypha bearing
conidia, a condiophore
conjugatio, onis, f., conjugation
connatus, connate, joined
connexus, connected
connivens, connivent, approaching
conoideus, conoid, cone-shaped
consortium, ii, n., company
conspergens, sprinkled
conspersus, scattered
conspicuus, conspicuous
conspurcatus, polluted
constipatio, onis, f., a crowding
GLOSSARY
constituens, constituting
consuetudo, inis, f., a habit
consumptus, destroyed
contemno, to condemn, disparage
centextum, i, u., texture, context
contiguus, close
continens, containing
continuus, continuous,
contortus, twisted
contra, against
contractus, narrowed
contusus, bruised
conus, i, m., a cone
convergens, coming together
convolutus, convolute, coiled
convolutio, onis, f., a fold
copiosus, abundant
coprophilus, growing on dung
copulans, copulating
coralloid, coral-like
coralloideus, coralloid,
branched coral
coriaceus, leathery
corneus, corneous, horn-like
corniculatus, corniculate, horned
cerniformis, horn-shaped
ccrnutus, horned
coronatus, crowned
corpusculum, i, n., a little body
corrugatus, corrugate, ridged
corruptus, corrupted, spoiled
cortex, icis, m., the bark
corticalis, cortical, of bark
corticatus, corticate, with a bark or
epiderm
corticola, corticole, growing on bark
cortina, ae, f., veil
cortinate, with a curtain-like veil
corvinus, pertaining to the raven,
black
costa, ae, f., ridge
cestatus, costate, ridged
crassities, ei, f., thickness
crassitudo, inis, f., thickness, width
crassiusculus, somewhat broad
crassus, broad
crateriformis,
shaped
creber, crowded
cremicolor, cream-colored
one-celled
like
much-
crateriform, crater-
‘cupularis,
cribrosus, sieve-like
crinitus, hairy, crested
crispulus, somewhat crisp
crispus, crisp
crista, ae, f., crest
cristatus, crested
crocatus, yellow
croceus, yellow
cruciatim, cruciately, cross-like
cruentatus, bloody
crusta, ae, f., crust
crustaceous, crust-like
crustiformis, crust-shaped
crustose, forming a crust, more or
less interrupted
crustula, ae, f., a little crust
cubile, is, n., a bed
cuboideus, cuboid, cubical
cucullatus, hooded
cucumeriformis, cucumber-shapea.
culmicola, growing on grass-stems
culmus, i, m., culm, a stalk, stem
cultellus, i, m., a small knife
culter, tri, m., a knife
cultriformis, knife-like
cultus, cultivated
cum, with
cumulatus, heaped up
cuneatus, wedge-shaped
cuneiformis, wedge-shaped
cuniculus, i, m., a rabbit :
cupreus, coppery
cuprinus, coppery
cupula, ae, f., a little cup
cupulatus, cupuliformis,
cup-shaped
curtus, short
curvatus, curved
cusp, a point
cuspidatus, cuspidate, with a tooth
cuticula, ae, f., cuticle
cuticularized, with firm cover or cuti-
cle
cutis, is, f., the skin
cyaneus, blue
cyathiformis, cup-like
cyclus, i, m., a cycle
cylindraceus, cylindricus, cylindrical
cymbiformis, boat-shaped
cyphella, ae, f., an opening or hollow
183
184 GENERA OF FUNGI
in a thallus, more or less cup-
shaped
cystidium, ii, n., cyst
cystophore, the stalk which bears a
cell or cyst
D
daedaleus, labyrinthine
dealbatus, whitened
debilis, weak
deciduus, falling
decies, ten times
decorticatus, without bark
decumbens, prostrate
decurrens, decurrent, running down
the stem
defectus, lacking
deficiens, lacking
deficio, to lack
definitus, definite
deflexus, deflexed
deformus, deformed
degenero, to degenerate
dehiscens, dehiscent, splitting
dein, then, at length
dejectus, fallen
dejiciens, throwing down
delicatulus, delicate
delineatus, figured
deliquescens, deliquescing, liquefying
delitescens, hiding
delitesco, to conceal, lurk
deltoideus, delta-like, triangular
dematium-like, black and cobwebby
dematius, black and cottony
demonstro, to show
demum, at length
dendritice, dendritically, tree-like
dendriticus, tree-like
dendroideus, dendroid, tree-like
denigratus, blackened
denique, at length
densus, close, dense
dentatus, toothed
denticulatus, denticulate,
teeth
denudans, denuding
denudatus, denuded
deorsum, downward
dependens, hanging
deplanatus, flattened
with little
depressus, depressed
derumpens, breaking
descendens, descending
desciscens, leaving, deserting
describo, to describe
descriptus, described
desicco, to dry up
desinens, ending, closing
desum, to fail, be absent
destitutus, lacking
destruens, destroying
detergibilis, removable, breakable
deustus, burnt
diametralis, of the diameter
diametrum, i, n., diameter
diaphanus, diaphanous, transparent
diatrype-like, with a stroma different
from the tissue of the matrix
dichotomus, dichotomous, two-forked
diclinus, with separate sexes
dictycspcrus, spores having cross and
longitudinal walls
didymosporus, with two-celled spores
didymus, two-fold or two-celled
differo, to differ
difficilis, difficult
diffluens, diffluent, dissolving
diffractus, broken
diformis, of two forms
digestus, broken up
digitiformis, finger-shaped
digitaliformis, digitate, finger-like
digitatus, digitate, having fingers
dignosco, to differ
dignotus, to distinguish
dilabens, breaking apart
dilatatus, spread out
dilute, dilutely
dilutus, dilute
dimidiatus, dimidiate, two-lobed, halved
dimidius, half
dimorphus, of two forms
dioecious, sex organs on
plants ~
directio, onis, f., direction
directus, straight
dirumpens, breaking apart
disciformis, disc-shaped
discolorus, discolorous, discolored
separate
GLOSSARY 185
discretus, discrete, separate
discrimen, inis, n., difference
disculus, i, m., little disc
disfractus, broken
disparens, disappearing
dispergens, scattering
dispositus, arranged
disruptus, broken
disseco, to cut up
dissectus, cut up
disseminatus, scattered
dissentio, to disagree
dissepimentum, i, n., partition, wall
distal, distant, further
distans, remote
distichus, distichous, in two rows
distinguo, to distinguish
diu, long
divaricatus, spreading
divergens, diverging
diversimodus, in different ways
diversus, diverse, different
divinans, conjecturing
divisio, onis, f., a division
divisus, divided
doliiformis, doliiform,
jar-shaped
dolium, ii, n., cask, jar
donacinus, of a reed
donatus, furnished
dorsiventral, with two unlike sides
dorsum, i, n., back
dothideaceus, like Dothidea, i. e., lo-
culate
dubitantur, doubtfully
dubius, doubtful
duco, to lead
ductus, led
dulcis, sweet
dumetum, i, n., a thicket
duo, two
duodecim, twelve
duplo, twice
duriusculus, somewhat hard
durities, ei, f., hardness
curus, hard
cask-shaped,
E
eburneus, ivory-white
ecaudatus, without a tail
eccentricus, eccentric, lateral
echinatus, spiny
echinulatus, echinulate, spiny
edulis, edible
effiguratus, shaped, formed
effoetus, worn out
efformatus, formed
eftusus, effuse, spread out
egrediens, growing out
elasticus, elastic
elatus, tall
elevatus, raised
ellipticus, elliptical
ellipsoideus, ellipsoid
elongatus, lengthened
emarginatus, without a margin
emergens, emerging
emergo, to emerge
emersus, emerging
emittens, emitting
emortuus, dead
enatus, arising from
endobasidial, continuous with the bas-
idium
endobiotic,
things
endochroma, atis, n., colored contents
endogenus, endogenous, born within
erdoperidium, ii, n., inner peridium
endophytic, growing in plants
endoplasma, atis, n., protoplasm
endoxylus, within wood
endozoic, growing in animals
growing within living
enim, for
endoparasiticus, internally parasitic
entomogenus, entomogenous, living
in insects
epelliculosus, without a covering or
pellicle
epidermis, idis, f., epiderm, the sur-
face skin
epigaeus, epigaean, on the ground
epigenus, borne above
epiphloeodus, on the bark
epiphragma, an upper wall or division
epiphyllus, on the upper side of the
leaf
epiphytic, upon plants
episporium, ii, n., outer wall of spore
epithecium, a layer above the asci, usu-
ally formed of the tips of the paraphy-
ses
186 GENERA OF FUNGI
epizoic, growing on animals
equinus, equine, belonging to horses
erectus, erect
ergo, therefore
erostratus, without a beak
erostris, without a beak
erraticus, erratic, wandering
error, is, m., error
eructatus, thrown up
erumpens, bursting out
erySiphoideus, like Erysiphe,
webby
eseptate, without cross walls
estriatus, without lines or markings
etiam, also
etsi, although
eumorphus, well-formed
eutype-like, eutypeous, eutypoid, with
an effuse stroma similar to the tis-
sue of the matrix
evacuans, emptying
evacuatus, emptied
evado, to escape
evaginatus, without a sheath
evanescens, evanescent, disappearing
evanidus, vanishing
evidentius, more clearly
evolutus, developed
evolvatus, without a volva
evolvens, developing
exacte, exactly
exalbescens, becoming white
exalbidus, whitish
exalbugo, to whiten
exannulatus, without a ring
exappendiculatus, not appendaged
exaridus, dried out
exasperans, roughened
exasperatus, roughened
exaspero, to roughen
excavatio, onis, f., an excavation, hol-
lowing out
excavatus, hollowed out
excedens, exceeding
excentric, out of the centre, lateral
exciple, the outer wall or covering of
an apothecium
excipuliformis, cup-shaped
excipulum, i, n., exciple, margin
excrescens, growing out
cob-
excutiens, shaking out
exemplaris, model
exemplarium, ii, n., specimen, sample
exemplum, i, n., an example
exesus, consumed, destroyed
exhibens, exhibiting
exigens, scanty
exiguitas, atis, f., smallness, scantiness
exiguus, little, small
exilis, thin, slender
eximie, exceedingly
existimo, to estimate
exitus, us, m., a departure, escape
exobasidial, separated by a wall from
the basidium
exogenus, arising on the outside
exoperidium, ii, n., outer peridium
exoriens, arising
exosporium, ii, n.,
wall of the spore
expallens, becoming pale
explodens, exploding
expulsus, expelled
exquisite, beautifully
exsertus, exserted, thrust out
exsiccatio, onis, f., a drying out
exsiccatus, dried out
exsiliens, escaping
exsuccus, without milk or juice
extensio, onis, f., extension
externus, external
extimus, outermost, ultimate
extra, without, outside
extrico, to extricate
extrorsum, toward the edge
extus, outside
exospore, outer
ay
fabiformis, bean-shaped
fabrica, ae, f., texture
facies, ei, f., face, form
facilis, easily
fagineus, beechen
falcatus, falcate, scythe-shaped, curved
falciformis, beak-shaped, = scythe-
shaped
familia, ae, f., family
familiola, ae, f., a little family
farctus, stuffed
GLOSSARY
farina, ae, f., meal, flour
farinaceus, mealy
fascia, ae, f., fascicle
fasciatus, grouped
fasciculatus, fasciculate, fascicled, in
bundles
fastigiatus, bunched
fatiscens, disappearing, breaking up
favosus, hollow
femineus, feminine
fenestratus, with windows or open-
ings
fere, almost
fermentatio, onis, f., fermentation
fermentum, i, n., yeast
ferruginascens, turning rust-colored
ferrugineus, rust-colored
ferrumequinum, i, n., a horse-shoe
ferrum, i, n., iron
fibra, ae, f., a fiber, filament
fibrilla, ae, f., little fibril
fibrillula, ae, f., a little fibril
fibrosus, fibrous
fictitius, fictitious
filamentosus, filamentous, thread-like
filia, ae, f., daughter
fiiformis, filiform, thread-shaped
filiger, filament-bearing
filum, i, n., thread
fimbria, ae, f., fringe
fimbrians, fringing
fimbriatulus, slightly fringed
fimbriatus, fimbriate, fringed
fimicola, fimicole, dwelling on dung
fimus, i, m., dung
findo, to cleave, divide
firmulus, somewhat firm
fissilis, cleft, ruptured
fissuratus, fissured, split
fissus, split
fistulosus, hollow
flabelliformis, fan-shaped
flaccidus, weak
flagella, ae, f., lash
flagellatus, bearing long bristles or
threads
flagelliformis, lash-like
flamens, flame-colored
flavens, yellowing
flavidus, yellowish
flavus, yellow
flexuosus, flexuous, full of turns or
windings
flexus, bent
Hocciformis, tuft-like
Hoccosus, floccose, cottony
floccus, i, m., tuft
floralis, floral
flumen, inis, n., river
fluvius, ii, m., a river
fluxilis, flowing
foedatus, dark, soiled
foetidus, with a bad odor
foliicola, foliicole, living on leaves
foliose, like a leaf in form
fclium, ii, n., leaf
foramen, inis, n., a hole
forma, ae, f., form
formans, forming
formo, to form
formosus, beautiful
fornix, icis, m., a vault
forsan, perhaps
forsitan, perhaps
fortasse, perhaps
forte, strongly
fovens, nourishing
fraccidus, soft, mellow
fractus, broken
fragilis, fragile
fragmentum, i, n., a bit, fragment
frequens, frequent
friabilis, falling to pieces
frigidarium, ii, n., a cold place, cold
storage
frondosus, leafy
frens, dis, f., a leaf
fructicola, living on fruits
fructiferus, fructifer, fruit-bearing
fructificans, fruiting
fructificatio, nis, f., fruiting
fructus, us, m., fruit
frustulatus, fragmentary
frustum, i, n., a bit, piece
fruticosus, fruticose, shrub-like
fruticulosus, fruticulose, shrub-like
fucatus, colored
fugans, fleeting
fulciens, supporting
fuligineus, fuliginous, sooty
187
188 GENERA OF FUNGI
fuligo, inis, f., soot
fultus, supported
fulvellus, somewhat tawny
fulvescent, becoming tawny
fumagineus, fumaginous, smoky.
fumosus, smoky
glaber, smooth
glabrescens, becoming smooth
glacies, ei, f., glacier, ice
glans, glandis, f., a nut,
glaucescens, turning bluish-green
glaucus, sea-green
fungicola, fungicole, growing on fungigleba, ae, f., soil, mass
fungillus, i, m., a little fungus
fungus, i, m., a fungus
funicularis, rope-like
funiculus, i, m., a little rope
funiformis, rope-like
furcatus, furcate, forked
furfur, uris, m., bran
furfuraceus, bran-like
furfurellus, covered with bran
fuscatus, darkened
fuscellus, somewhat dark
fuscescens, darkening
fuscidus, dark
fuscidulus, dark
fuscus, dark, or dark brown
fusiformis, fusiform, spindle-shaped
fusisporus, with spindle-shaped spores
fusoideus, fusoid, spindle-shaped
G
galeiformis, hood-shaped
galeriformis, cap-shaped
gamete, sex-cell
gangliformis, forming knots
gangligerus, bearing knots
gelatina, ae, f., gelatine
geminatus, paired, twinned
gemmiparus, producing buds
generans, generating
genesis, is, f., origin
geniculatus, bent
genuflexus, bent
genuinus, genuine
genus, eris, n., genus
gerens, bearing
germinans, germinating
germinatio, onis, f., germination
gibbosus, swollen
gigastylosporus, with very large sty-
lospores
gignens, producing
gigno, to bear
gilvus, brownish
globosus, globose, rounded
globuliger, bearing a ball
globulus, i, m., a globule
glomerula, ae, f., a little mass
glomerulatim, in heaps
gluten, inis, n., glue
glutinosus, glutinous
gonidium, ii, n., an algal cell
gossypinus, cottony
gracilis, graceful, slender
gradatim, gradually
gradus, us, m., grade, step
gramen, inis, n., grass
gramineus, grassy
graminicola, growing on grass
grandis, large
grandiusculus, somewhat large
granulatus, granular
granulosus, granular
graphidoideus, long and cleft, like
Graphis
graveolens, of unpleasant odor
gregarius, gregarious, in clusters
gregatim, in clusters
grex, gregis, m., a flock
griseolus, grayish
griseus, gray
grossus, thick
grumosus, heaped
grumulus, i, m., a heap
gumosus, gummy
gutta, ae, f., a vacuole
guttatus, with little drops
guttula, ae, f., a drop or vacuole
guttulosus, with drops
gyalectoideus, Gyalecta-like
gypseus, gypsum-like
gyrosus, gyrose, spiral
H
habeo, to have
habitatio, onis, f., habitat
habitus, us, m., habit
GLOSSARY
hactenus, up to the present time
haerens, adhering
haereo, to hold to
halos, o, f., a halo
hamatus, hamate, hooked
haud, not at all
haustorium, ii, n., a sucker
helicoideus, spiral-like
heliotropicus, heliotropic
helvolus, deep purple
herba, ae, f., a plant
herbicola, dwelling on herbs
heterogamete, one of two unlike sex-
cells
heterogeneus, different
heteroicus, on two hosts
heteromorphus, heteromorphic, of
different kinds
hexagonus, hexagonal
hexasporus, six-spored
hians, gaping
hiascens, gaping
hibernans, resting
hicillic, here and there
hinc, hence
hirtellus, somewhat shaggy
hodiernus, of today
homogeneus, homogeneous
homoicus, on one host
hcmomorphus, alike, of one form
horizontalis, horizontal
hornotinus, of this year
hortus, i, m., a garden
hospes, itis, m., a host
hospitalis, of a host
huc, hither, in this direction
humectatus, wet
humectus, moist
humidulus, moist
humilis, low, small
humistratus, moist
humus, i, f., the earth
hyalinulus, somewhat clear
hyalinus, hyaline, clear
hyalosporus, with clear, one-celled
spores
hydrophilus, aquatic
hygrometricus, absorbing moisture
hygrophanus, translucent
hymeniferus, membrane-bearing
189
hymenium, ii, n., fruiting surface, con-
sisting of asci, or of basidia.
hymenophorum, i, n., that which bears
the hymenium
hypertrophiens, hypertrophying
hypha, ae, f., a fungus filament
hyphasma, atis, n., the mycelium.
hyphoideus, hypha-like
hyphomycetus, mould-like, cobwebby
hypocreaceus, Hypocrea-like, fleshy
and bright-colored
hypodermicus, under the epiderm
hypogaeus, hypogaean, underground
hypogenus, on the under side
hypophloeodus, under the bark
hypophyllus, on the under side of
leaf
hypostroma, atis, n., lower stroma
hypothallus, i, m., hypothallus
hypothecium, the area just below the
layer of asci
hysteriformis, Hysterium-like, long and
cleft
hysterinus, long and cleft as in Hys-
terium
hysterothecium, an oblong or linear
perithecium opening by a cleft
Le
ibi, there, then
icon, onis, f., an image, figure
idem, the same
ideoque, therefore
idoneus, fit
igitur, therefore, accordingly
ignotus, unknown
imbricatus, imbricate
immaculatus, without spots
immarginatus, without a margin
immaturus, young
immediate, directly
immersus, sunken
immutatus, unchanged
impalpabilis, extremely fine and min-
ute
impervius, impervious
implens, filling
implexus, infolded
impolitus, not polished
impositus, imposed
190 GENERA OF FUNGI
imprimis, especially
improbabile, improbably
imus, lowest
inaequilateralis, unequal-sided
inaequaliter, unequally
inaequipolaris, with unequal poles
inanis, empty
inarticulatus, without divisions
incarceratus, hidden
incarnatus, pink
incertus, uncertain
incisio, onis, f., incision, cutting
incisus, cut
inclinatus, bent
inclusus, inclosed
incoctus, not cooked
incolens, dwelling in
incoloratus, without color
inconditus, confused, unformed
incrassatulus, somewhat thickened
incrassatus, broadened, thickened
incresco, to grow in, increase
incumbens, lying upon
incurviusculus, somewhat incurved
incusus, forged, made
indeterminatus, indefinite
indico, to indicate
indigito, to utter, announce
indivisus, undivided
indoles, is, f., nature, natural ability
indumentum, i, n., a covering
induratus, hardened
indurescens, growing hard
indusium, ii, n., indusium
indutus, covered
ineptum, improper
inermis, unarmed
inferior, lower
inferus, below, lower
infestans, infesting
inficiens, infecting
infimus, lowest
infixus, fastened in
inflans, inflating
inflatus, inflated
infossus, sunken
infra, lower, below
infundibuliformis, infundibuliform, fun-
nel-shaped
infuscatus, darkened
initio, at first
initium, ii, n., the beginning
innatus, innate
innotesco, to become clear
innumerus, innumerable
inordinatus, without order
inquinans, blackening
inquinatus, dirty
inquirendus, to be investigated
insculptus, insculptate, hollowed
insectum, i, n., insect
insertio, onis, f., insertion
insertus, inserted
insidens, seated upon
insitus, ingrafted
inspersus, scattered
inspissatus, thickened
instar, like
instructus, built up
insuetus, unusual
insula, ae, f., an island
integer, whole
intense, intensely
intercalary, in the midst of, between
interdum, sometimes
interim, meanwhile
intermedius, intermediate
intermixtus, mixed with
internervius, between the nerves
internus, internal
interspersus, interspersed, scattered
interstitium, ii, n., a space
intertextus, intertwined
intus, within
intracellaris, within the cell
intrans, entering
intricatus, intertwined
intumescens, swelling
intus, within
invasus, invaded
inversus, inverted
investiens, covering
invicem, in turn, mutually
involucrum, i, n., involucre
ipse, self
irregularis, irregular
irregulariter, irregularly
irrepens, creeping in
irroratus, bedewed
isabellinus, isabel-colored
GLOSSARY 19T
isogamete, one of two similar sex-
cells
isthmus, i, m., a connection
itaque, therefore
iteratus, repeatedly
J
jacio, to throw
jamdudum, this long time
jodicus, of iodine
jodus, i, m., iodine
junior, younger, young
jus, juris, n., law, right
juvenilis, young
juxta, near
labiatus, lipped
labium, ii, n., lip
labrum, i, n., a lip
labyrinthus, labyrinthian, tortuose
laccatus, milky
lacerans, tearing
laceratus, lacerate, torn
lacerus, torn
lacinia, ae, f., a tear
laciniatus, laciniate, torn, lobed
lacrimiformis, tear-like
lactens, milky
lactescens, milky
lactiginosus, filled with milk, milky
lacuna, ae, f., a hole
lacunosus, lacunose, with hollows
lac, lactis, n., milk
lacus, us, m., a lake
laeticolor, bright-colored
laetus, bright
laevis, smooth
lageniformis, flask-shaped
lamella, ae, f., gill
lamina, ae, f., scale, layer, blade
laminaris, leaf-like
lanatus, woolly
lanceolatus, lance-shaped
languens, withering
lanosus, woolly
lanuginosus, woolly
laricinus, of larch
larva, ae, f., larva
lateritius, brick red
latitudo, inis, f., width
latiusculus, somewhat wide
latus, eris, n., the side
latus, broad, wide
laxus, loose
lectus, collected
lego, to collect
leiosporus, with smooth spores
leniter, slightly, gently
lenticularis, lenticular, lens-shaped
lentiformis, |ens-shaped
lentus, tough, flexible
leporinus, of a hare
leptodermus, thin-walled
leprosus, scab-like
leucosporus, with white spores
levis, light, smooth
levitas, atis, f., smoothness
liber, free
liberatus, freed
lichenicola, lichenicole,
lichens
lichenoideus, lichen-like
ligneus, woody
lignatilis, of wood
lignicola, lignicole, growing on wood
lignum, i, n., wood
lilacinus, lilac-colored
limbatus, bordered
limbum, i, n., limb, border
limes, itis, m., limit
limitatus, limited
limoniformis, lemon-shaped
linea, ae, f., line
linearis, linear
lineola, ae, f., little line
linguiformis, tongue-shaped
liquifaciens, liquifying
liquo, to melt
lirella, ae, f., furrow
lirelliform, furrow-like
lividus, livid, purple
lobulatus, somewhat lobed
locandus, to be located
locatus, located
locellatus, with chambers
locellus, i, m., a little cell
loco, to place, locate
leculiferus, containing hollows
leculus, i, m., locule, place, cell, hol-
low
growing on
192 GENERA OF FUNGI
locus, i, m., place
lengicollus, with long beaks
Icngior, longer
longitrorsum, longitudinally
longitudinalis, lengthwise
longus, long
Icphus, i, m., a crest
lubricus, slippery
lucidus, clear, lucid
ludibundus, playful
lumen, inis, n., opening
lunatus, crescent-shaped
lunulate, crescent-shaped
luridus, lurid
luteus, yellow
lutescens, yellowish
lux, lucis, f., light
M
maceratus, softened
macro-, large
macrostylospora, ae, f., large stylo-
spore
macula, ae, f., a spot
macularis, spotted
maculicola, dwelling on spots
maculiformis, spot-shaped
madidus, moist, wet
magis, more
magniguttatus, with one or two large
globules
magnitudo, inis, f., size
magnus, great, large
majusculus, somewhat large
male, poorly
mamillaris, protuberant
mamilliformis, shaped like a papilla
manifestus, evident
mappa, ae, f., a map
marcescens, withering
marginatus, margined
margo, inis, m., and f., margin
marmoratus, marble-like
massa, ae, f., mass
massula, ae, f., a little mass
matricalis, belonging to the matrix
matrix, icis, f., matrix, layer or tis-
sue
maturus, mature
maturescens, ripening
maxime, greatly
mazaedium, i, n., a dough-like mass
of spores and paraphyses
medietas, atis, f., middle
mediocris, average
mediocriter, moderately
medius, i, m., medium
medulla, ae, f., the pith, medulla
medullary, belonging to the pith or
medulla
medullatus, stuffed, pithy
melanosporus, with black spores
melioideus, meliola-like
melius, better
melleus, honey-colored
mellinus, honey-colored
membrana, ae, f., membrane
membranaceus, membranaceous, mem-
branous, thin or membrane-like
memoria, ae, f., memory
mens, mentis, f., mind
merenchymaticus, with many cells
merens, deserving
meridionalis, southern
mesogenus, mesogenous, borne in the
middle
mesopodes, with stem in the middle
mesopus, with central stalk
metageneticus, metagenetic
metallicus, metallic
metiens, measuring
metulaeformis, pyramid-shaped
metuliformis, pyramid-shaped
micro-, small
microconidiophorus,
conidia
microcystis, small-celled
micronemeus, with short hyphae
micropycnidium, ii, n., small pycnidi-
um
microscopium, ii, n., microscope
microstylospora, ae, f., microstylo-
spore
migro, to move
miniatus, bright red
minimum, least
minor, smaller
minuties, ei, f., detail
minutus, minute
bearing small
GLOSSARY
mitis, pleasant, mild
mitratus, mitre-shaped
mobilis, mobile, moving
molecularis, molecule-like
molliusculus, somewhat smooth
mollis, smooth
moneo, to caution, warn
monile, is, n., a chain, necklace
moniliformis, chain-like
monoascus, with one ascus
monocephalus, monocephalic,
headed
monocyclus, with one cycle
monoicus, monoecious
monoplastus, uniform, with one pro-
toplast |
monospermus, one-spored
monosporus, one-spored
monostichus, monostichous,
row
mons, tis, m., a mountain
monstrosus, monstrous
montanus, mountainous
montosus, mountainous
morbosus, diseased
moriens, dying
mos, moris, m., manner
motilis, motile, able to move
movens, moving
mox, at length
mucedineus, white and cottony
mucilago, inis, f., mucilage
mucosus, mucose, slimy, mucous
mucus, i, m., mucus
mucro, onis, m., a point
mucronatus, pointed
mucronulatus, with a little point
mucronulus, i, m., a little point
multifidus, multifid, many-divided
multiguttatus, with many oil-drops
multilocularis, many-celled
multiloculatus, with many cells
multinucleate, with many nuclei
multisporus, many-spored
multizonatus, with many zones
multoties, many times, often
multus, much
munitus, furnished
muralis, muriform
muriculatus, muriculate, spiny
one-
in one
muriformis, muriform, with cross and
longitudinal walls
murinus, mouse-colored
murus, i, m., wall
muscosus, mossy
mutans, changing
mutatus, changed
muticus, muticate, not pointed
muto, to change
mutue, mutually
mutuus, mutual
mycelialis, mycelial
mycelicus, mycelial
mycelium, ii, n., mycelium
mycogenus, dwelling on fungi
mycologus, i, m., a student of fungi
myochrous, mouse-colored
myriosporus, with many spores
mytiliform, shell-like
N
nascens, arising
nascor, to be born
natalis, native
naufragium, ii, n., shipwreck
navel, point of attachment
navicularis, boat-shaped
nebulosus, nebulous, cloudy, dark
nec, not
nectriaceus, Nectria-like
nemorosus, woody, shady
neque, and not
nervicola, growing on veins
nervi-sequus, nervi-sequens, follow-
ing the veins
nidulans, nesting
nidulor, to nest
niduo, to nest
niger, black
nigredo, inis, f., blackness
nigresco, to grow black
nigricans, blackening
nigrifactus, blackened
nigrificatus, made black
nigrolimitatus, black-lined
nigropilus, black-hairy
nigropunctulatus, black-dotted
nigrostrigosus, black-hairy
nimium, too, too much
nisi, unless
193
194 GENERA OF FUNGI
nitens, shining
niteo, to shine
niveus, snow-white
nobilis, grand
nodosus, with joints
noduliferus, bearing knots
nodulosus, with joints
nodus, i, m., a joint, knot
nomen, inis, n., a name
non, not
nondum, not yet
nonne, not
nonnihil, somewhat
nonnisi, except
nonnullus, some
normalis, normal
notatus, marked
notus, known
novus, new
nubecula, ae, f., a little cloud
nubilosus, cloudy
nucleatus, nucleate
nucleiferus, nucleus-bearing
nucleolus, nucleole
nucleus, i, m., center, nucleus
nudiusculus, somewhat naked
nudus, naked
nullimodus, in no wise
nullus, none
numerosus, numerous
numetus, i, m., a number
numquam, never
nunc, now
nutiquam = ne-utiquam, by no means
nuto, to incline
nutrix, icis, f., host
nux, nucis, f., a nut
ie)
ob, for, toward, on account of
obclavatus, reversed club-shaped
obconicus, reversed-conical
obducens, covering
obduco, to cover
oblique, obliquely
obliterans, disappearing
obliteratus, lost, destroyed
oblongatus, oblong
oblongus, oblong
obpyriformis, obpiriform, reversed
pear-shaped
obrutus, covered
obscurus, dark
observandum, to be observed
observatus, found
obsessus, surrounded
obsolesco, to become obsolete
obsoletus, obsolete, lacking
obtectus, covered
obtegens, covering
obturaculum, i, n., opening
obtusangulus, with obtuse angles
obtusatus, obtuse
obtusus, obtuse
obtutus, us, m., a looking at
obvallatus, surrounded
obvelo, to cover
obvius, clear, open
obvolvens, enveloping
occellatus, with openings
occulo nudo, with unaided eye
occupans, occupying
ochraceus, pale yellow, ochreous
ochrosporus, with yellow or yellow-
brown spores
octavus, eighth
octo, eight
octonus, in eights
octoseptatus, with eight cross-walls
octosporus, eight-spored
oleosus, oily, with oil drops
oligosporus, few-spored
olim, formerly
olivascens, olivascent, becoming olive
olivaceus, olive
omissus, omitted
omnino, everywhere, entirely
oosporous, with resting spores formed
by the union of unlike sex-cells, e.g.,
of egg and sperm
opacus, opaque
opalinus, clear
operculatus, operculate, with a lid
operculiformis, lid-shaped
operculum, i, n., a cover, lid
oppidum, i, n., a town
oppletus, filled
oppositus, placed
orbicularis, orbicular, round
orbiculatim, circularly
GLOSSARY 195
orbis, is, m., a circle
ordo, inis, m., order
organicus, organic
organum, i, n., an organ
oriens, arising
orientalis, eastern
orificium, i, n., opening
originalis, original
origo, inis, f., origin
orior, to arise
ornatus, furnished
orthotropus, straight
ortus, arisen
os, Oris, n., mouth
oscillans, oscillating.
osculum, i. n., mouth
ostendo, to show
ostiolatus, ostiolate, with a mouth
ostiolum, i, n., ostiole, opening
ovalis, oval
ovaricola, growing in ovaries
ovatus, egg-shaped
ovinus, of or belonging to a sheep
ovoideus, nearly egg-shaped
P
pachydermaticus, thick-walled
pachypleurus, thick-walled
paene, nearly
paenultimus, next to the last
pagina, ae, f., page, side
paliformis, paliform,
palisade-like
pallescens, turning pale
pallidus, pale
palmatus, palmate, hand-like,
like
palmicola, growing on palms
palpebra, ae, f., eyelid
paludosus, marshy
palumbinus, dove-colored, grayish
palus, udis, f., a marsh, swamp
panicula, ae, f., a panicle
paniculatus, paniculate, branched
panis, is, m., bread
pannosus, pannose, ragged
pannum, i, n., a rag, cloth
papillaris, papillate
papillatus, with papilla, papillate
papilliformis, like a papilla
stake-shaped,
palm-
papillula, ae, f., a little papilla
papillulatus, with a very small nipple
or papilla
papulosus, with many pustules
Papyraceus, papery
paradoxus, strange, contrary
parallelus, parallel
parasiticus, parasitic
Parcus, few, scanty
parenchymaticus, parenchyma-like
paries, etis, m., a wall
paritas, atis, f., equality
paroechia, ae, f., parish
pars, partis, f., a part
partitus, divided
parum, too little
parvulus, small
parvus, small
pascuum, i, n., pasture
passim, everywhere
patellaris, dish-like
patelliformis, shaped like a dish
patens, spreading
patenter, openly
patior, to support, endure
patulus, spreading
paucilocularis, few-celled
paucus, few
paulatim, gradually
paulisper, for a little while
paulo, a little
pectinatus, comb-like
peculiaris, peculiar
pedatus, foot-like
pedicellatus, with a pedicel
pedicellus, i, m., pedicel
pediculatus, pedicelled
pedunculatus, stalked
pedunculicola, growing on peduncles
pellicle, skin, covering
pellicula, ae, f., a little skin
pelliculosus, with a covering
pelluciditas, atis, f., clearness
pellucidus, pellucid, clear
peltatus, shield-shaped
pendo, to hang
pendulus, hanging
penetrans, penetrating
penicillate, brush-like
penicilliformis, brush-like
196
pentagonus, pentagonal
per, through
peraffinis, closely related
perbrevis, very short
percursus, run through
perdurans, resting
perduro, to last
perennans, perennial
perennis, perennial
perexiguus, very thin
perexilis, very slender
perfectus, complete, perfect
perforans, perforating
perforatus, perforated
perfossus, hollowed out
pericarpium, ii, n., pericarp, covering
peridermicus, belonging to the peri-
derm
peridermium, ii, n., periderm
peridium, ii, n., peridium
periphericus, peripheral around the
edge
peristomium, ii, n., mouth
perithecialis, perithecial
perithecigerus, perithecium-bearing
perithecioid, perithecium-like
peritheciophorus, bearing perithecia
peronatus, rough, rough-booted
perparum, very little
perrumpens, breaking through
persicinus, peach-colored
persistans, persistent
perspiciens, transparent
perspicuus, clear
persuasus, convinced
pertenuis, very thin
pertineo, to belong
pertusus, protruded
pes, pedis, m., foot
petiolum, i, n., petiole
petrifactus, made like rock, hardened
pezizoideus, pezizoid, cup-fungus-like,
cup-like
phacidiodeus, like Phacidium, black
and disk-like
phaeophragmeus, with dark transep-
tate spores
phaeosporus,
spores
phaseoliformis, bean-shaped
with dark, one-celled
GENERA OF FUNGI
phomatoideus, Phoma-like
phyllogenus, phyllogenous, borne on
leaves
phyllostictoideus, Phyllosticta-like
phytogenus, growing on plants
phytographus, i, m., a botanist
phytophilus, phytophilous, growing on
plants
pictura, ae, f., a painting
pictus, colored
pileatus, cap-shaped
pileus, i, m., a cap
pilosellus, somewhat hairy
pilosus, pilose, with hairs
pilum, i, n., a hair
pineus, piny
pingo, to paint
pinna, ae, f., a leaflet
pinnatus, pinnate
Piperatus, peppery, pungent
piscis, is, m., a fish
pisum, i, n., pea
placenta, ae, f., placenta
placentiformis, placenta-like
plaga, ae, f., a spot
plagula, ae, f., a little spot
plaguliformis, spot-like.
planta, ae, f., a plant
plantula, ae, f., a little plant
planus, plane, flat
plasma, atis, n., plasm, mass
plasmodium, ii, n., protoplasm-like
mass
pleiosporus, many-spored
plenus, full
plerumque, for the most part
pleuroacrogenus, borne at the tip and
at the sides
pleurogenus, pleurogenous, borne on
the walls or sides
plica, ae, f., a fold
plicatus, plicate, folded
pliciformis, fold-form
plumbeus, lead-colored
plures, many
pluriarticulatus, many-celled
pluriciliate, with many cilia
plurifurcatus, many forked
pluriguttulatus, many guttulate
‘ plurilocellatus, with many hollows
GLOSSARY 197
pluriperforate, with several openings
pluristratosus, many-layered
poculiformis, cup-shaped
podetium, i, n., a stalk-like or cup-
like erect thallus
polaris, polar
politus, polished
polleo, to be able, avail
pollex, icis, m., thumb
pollicaris, thumb-like, an inch long
polus, i, m., a pole
poly-, many
polyascus, with many asci
pelyblastus, many-celled
polycephalus, polycephalous, with
many heads
polyedricus, polyhedral
polygonus, with many angles
polyrrhizus, with many roots
polystichus, polystichous, m many
rows
pondus, eris, n., weight
populus, i, f., poplar
porosus, with pores
porrigo, to stretch out
porus, i, m., a pore
positus, placed
possum, to be able
postea, hereafter
postice, at the back
postremus, last
potius, rather
praecedens, preceding
praecipue, especially
praeclarus, distinguished
praecox, early, abundant
praeditus, furnished
praeferendum, preferred
praelongus, very long
praeprimis, especially
praesens, present
ptaesertim, particularly
praestans, distinguishing, excelling
praesumptus, assumed, presumed
praetereaque, besides, moreover
praeteritus, past
pratum, i, n., a meadow
primitivus, primitive
primitus, at first
primus, first
prioritas, atis, f., priority
prismaticus, prismatic
privus, without, deprived
pro, for
probabilis, probable
procerus, tall
processus, projection
procumbens, procumbent, prostrate
prodeuns, projected
productus, carried out, produced
proficiscor, to begin, arise
profunditas, atis, f., depth
profundus, deep
projectus, thrown off
proles, is, f., a race, offspring
proliferus, proliferous, produced, pro-
liferate
proliger, bearing offspring
prolongatio, onis, f., prolongation;
lengthening
promycelium, i, n., promycelium
prope, near
proper exciple, an apothecial cover-
ing or wall without algae
propius, proper
fropinquus, adjacent
propulsus, expelled
proratione, comparatively
prorsus, forwards, exactly
prorumpo, to break through
prosenchymaticus, prosenchymatic,
consisting of long cells or fila-
ments
proteus, changing, variable
protractus, extended
protrudens, projecting
provectus, prolonged, advanced
proveniens, coming
pruinulosus, somewhat powdery
pruinosus, powdery, pruinose
pseudo-, false
pseudoparaphyses, false paraphyses
pseudoparenchyma, false parenchyma,
a tissue looking like parenchyma
but formed of threads
pseudoperidium, a covering
pseudoplasmodiun, ii, n., a false plas-
modium
pseudopodiun,, ii, n., false foot, lobe
pseudostiolum, i, n., false ostiole
198
pseudostroma, atis, n., a false stroma
pseudostromaticus, resembling a stro-
ma
pseudothallus, i, m., false thallus
puberulus, somewhat hairy
pubescens, hairy
pubes, is, f., hair
puccinoideus, puccinia-like
pulchellus, beautiful
pulcher, beautiful
pulchre, beautifully
pulpa, ae, f., pulp, mass
pulveraceus, powdery
pulverulentus, powdery
pulvinatus, cushioned
pulvinulus, i, m., a little cushion
pulvis, eris, m., powder
punctiformis, punctiform, dot-like
punctulans, dotting
punctulatus, punctate, dotted
purpurascens, becoming purple
purus, pure
pusillus, tiny
pusio, onis, m., a growth
pustula, ae, f., a mass
pustulate, pertaining to a swollen
mass
putamen, inis, n., a shell
putredo, to decay
putrescens, decaying
putris, decaying
pycnidicus, pycnidial
pyramidatus, pyramidal
pycnidium, i, n., pycnidium
pyreniformis, pyreniform, shaped like
a nut
pyriformis, pear-shaped
pyxidatus, like a box
Q
gvadricoccus, of four round cells
quadripartitus, four-divided
quadrisporus, four-spored
quadrum, i, n., a square
qualis, like
quam, than
quandoque, whenever, at some time
quartus, fourth
quasi, almost
quater, four times
GENERA OF FUNGI
quaternus, by fours
quattuor, four
quercinus, oaken
quia, because
quinqueseptatus, five septate
quisque, each
quisquilae, arum, f., dirt, trash
quoad, as long as, as much as
quod, that
quoque, also
R
racemulus, i, m., a little raceme
racemus, i, m., a bunch of grapes, ra-
ceme
rachis, is, f., axis
radians, radiating
radiatim, radiately
radiatus, radiate
redicalis, basal
radicans, root-like, rooting
radicatus, radicate, more or less root-
ed
radiciformis, root-shaped
radicosus, having many roots
Tadix, icis, f., a root
ramicola, ramicole, living on twigs
ramosus, much branched
ramulus, i, m., a little branch
ramus, i, m., a branch
rarius, more rarely
raro, rarely
rasus, leveled
reabsorptus, reabsorbed
recedo, to recede, differ
recensio, onis, f., a reviewing
recludens, opening
recognoscens, recognizing
rectangularis, rectangular
rectangulus, rectangular
rectus, straight
reddo, to return, restore
refractus, turned back
refringens, refringent
regio, onis, f., region
relatus, related
relinquens, leaving
relinquo, to leave
reliquus, left, remaining
remote, distantly
GLOSSARY
remotiusculus, somewhat distant
reniformis, reniform, kidney-shaped
repandus, turned back
repens, creeping
reperio, to find
repertorium, ii, n., an inventory, cat-
alogue
repertus, found
repetite, repeatedly
repetitus, repeated
repletus, full
repo, to crawl
res, rei, f., a thing
resolvens, breaking up
resorptus, absorbed
resupinatus, resupinate, horizontal,
the hymenium turned up
reticulatus, reticulate, net-like
reticulum, i, n., a net
retiformis, net-like
retineo, to retain, keep
retis, is, f., a net
retrorsus, backward
retusus, with a little sinus
revelo, to reveal, uncover
revivescens, reviving
revoco, to recall
revolutus, folded back
rkabarbarinus, yellow
thizoid, root
rhizoideus, root-like
rhizomorphoideus, root-like
rhizophilus, growing on roots
rhodosporus, with rose-colored spores
rhombius, rhombic
rhomboideus, rhomboid
rhytismoideus, Rhytisma-like
ricciiformis, like Riccia, a liverwort
rigens, stiff, rigid
rigidulus, somewhat stiff
rigidus, stiff
rima, ae, f., cleft
rimosus, rimose, cleft, cracked,
ripa, ae, f., bank
rite, rightly, fitly, well
rivulosus, with channels
rivus, i, m., brook
robustus, robust
roridus, like dew
ros, roris, m., dew
199
roseolus, somewhat rosy
roseus, rose-colored
rostellatus, somewhat beaked
rostratus, rostrate, beaked
rostriformis, beak-like
rostrum, i, n., beak
resulatus, rosette-like
rotundatus, rounded
rubeolus, somewhat reddish
ruber, red
tubellus, somewhat reddish
rubescens, growing red
rubiginosus, rust-colored
rubricosus, reddish
rufescens, becoming reddish
rufus, reddish
rugosiusculus, more or less wrinkled
rugulosus, furrowed, roughened
rumpens, breaking
ruptus, broken
rursus, backward
rutilus, red
Ss
saccatus, saccate, sac-like
saccharinus, sugary
saccharum, i, n., sugar
sacciformis, sac-shaped
sacculiformis, like a little sac
sacculus, i, m., a little sac
saepe, often
salicinus, of willow
salmonicolor, salmon colored
salmonius, salmon-colored
saltem, at least
samara, ae, f., key fruit
samariform, key-shaped
sanguineus, bloody, blood-colored
sapidus, filled with sap, savory
sapor, oris, m., flavor
Saprogenus, saprogenous, growing on
decayed matter
saprophilus, growing on
matter
saprophyticus, saprophytic
sarciniformis, sarciniform, packet-
like
sarmentum, i, n., twig
satis, sufficient
saturatus, saturated
decaying
200
scaber, rough
scabridus, rough
scabriusculus, somewhat rough
scalaris, of a ladder, or staircase
scaliformis, ladder-like
scariosus, thin, papery
scheda, ae, f., sheet of paper
scio, to know
scissilis, splitting
sclerotiformis, sclerotium-like
sclerotioideus, sclerotioid, sclerotium-
like
sclerotium, i, n., sclerotium, a hard
black mass
scolecosporus,
spores
scopulate, like a brush
scrobiculatus, roughened, furrowed
scrotiformis, bladder-like
scruposus, rough
scrutator, oris, m., an investigator
scutatus, shield-shaped
scutellatus, like a small shield
scutiformis, shield-shaped
secedens, separating
secernibilis, separable
sectio, onis, f., a section
secundarius, secondary
secundum, according to
secus, otherwise
sed, but
sedulus, diligent, careful
segmentiformis, segment-like
sejunctus, separate
semel, once
semen, inis, n., a seed
semi, half
semiexertus, half extended
semiimmersus, half immersed
semiinfossus, (cf. infossus)
semiinsculptus, (cf. insculptus)
seminalis, seed-like
seminicola, growing on seeds
semipellucidus, half-pellucid
semiteres, half columnar
semiuncialis, a half inch
semper, always
senescens, growing old
sensim, gradually
sensus, us, m., opinion, sense
with thread shaped
GENERA OF FUNGI
separabilis, separable, separating
separo, to separate
sepimentum, i, n., partition
sepono, to separate
septatus, septate, divided into cells
septentrionalis, northern
septulum, i, n., a little septum
sepulchrum, i, n., grave
sequens, following
sericellus, somewhat silky
sericeus, silky
series, ei, f., a series
serotinus, late
serpens, creeping
serpentinus, serpentine
serratus, serrate
serus, late
sesqui, by a half
sesquilinea, one inch and a-half
sesquipedalian, very long
sessilis, seated, without a stalk
seta, ae, f., a bristle
setaceus, bearing one or more bristles
setiformis, bristle-shaped
setiger, bristle-bearing
setosus, setose, with bristles
setula, ae, f., a little bristle
setulose, with bristles or spines
seu, or ;
sexilocularis, with six cells or locules
sexsporus, six-spored
sexsulcatus, six-furrowed
siccans, drying
siccus, dry
sigillatim, seal-like
sigmoideus, sigmoid, s-like
signatus, marked
sileo, to be silent
silva, ae, f., a forest
similaris, like
similis, similar
simple, not branched; one-celled (of
spores)
simplex, icis, simple
simul, at the same time
simulate, apparently
simulo, to imitate, copy, represent
sine, without
singularis, peculiar, not in chains
singulus, each
GLOSSARY
sinuatus, sinuate
sinuosus, crooked
sistens, comprising
situs, placed
socia, ae, f., society
sociatus, grouped together
scleo, to be accustomed
solidiusculus, somewhat solid
solitarius, solitary
solitus, usual
sollertus, distinguished
solubilis, dissolving
solutus, dissolved
sordes, is, f., dirt
sordidus, dirty
sorus, i, m., spore mass
spadiceus, brownish
spatha, ae, f., a spathe
spargo, to scatter
sparsus, scattered, sparse
spathulatus, spathulate
spatium, i, n., space
specialis, special
species, ei, f., species
spectans, looking
specto, to look
spermagonium, ii, n., a pycnidium-like
body
spermatiferus, spermatia-bearing
spermatiformis, like a spermatium
spermatioideus, spermatium-like
spermatium, ii, n., a conidium-like
body
spero, to hope
sphaericus, spherical
sphaeroideus, nearly spherical
sphaerula, ae, f., a sphere
spica, ae, f., a point, ear
spicatus, spike-like
spiculosus, spiny
spiculum, i, n., a little spine
spiniformis, spiny
spinuligerus, spine-bearing
spinulosus, with little spines
spira, ae, f., a spiral
spiralis, spiral
spiraliter, spirally
spiritus, us, m., a spirit
spissus, thick
splendens, splendid
spongilliformis, sponge-like
spongiosus, spongy
sponte, spontaneously
sporangiferus, bearing sporangia
sporangioliferus, bearing small spo-
rangia
sporangiolum, i, n., a little sporan-
gium
sporangiophore, the stalk of a spor-
angium
spore-print, the spore mass obtained
by placing the cap of a mushroom
flat on a piece of white paper
sporicus, sporal
sporidiolum, i, n., a little spore
sporidium, i, n., a spore
sporiferus, spore-bearing
sporodochium, a compact,
body, mass of sporophores
sporomorphus, spore-shaped
sporophora, ae, f., sporophore
spurius, false
squama, ae, f., a scale
squamosus, scaly
squarrose, with spreading scales or
hairs
statura, ae, f., stature.
status, us, m., stage
stellatus, stellate, star-like
stelliformis, star-shaped
stercoratus, manured
stercus, Oris, n., dung
sterigma, atis, n., stalk
stilbeus, stilbum-like, mallet like
stilbiformis, stalk-like
gtilboid, with a stalked-head, Stilbum-
like
stipatus, crowded
stipes, itis, m., a stalk
stipitatus, stipitate, stalked
stipitellus, i, m., a little stalk
stipitiformis, stalk-like
stoloniferous, producing runners
stoloniformis, runner-like
stramineus, straw-colored
stratosus, in layers
stratum, i, n., a layer
conidial
strenuus, prompt, vigorous
stria, ae, f., a line
201
202 GENERA OF FUNGI
strigosus, strigose, long or coarsely
hairy
striiformis, line-like
strobilus, i, m., a cone
stroma, atis, n., a covering, layer
stromaticus, stromatic
stromatiferus, bearing a stroma
structura, ae, f., a structure
stupposus, tow-like
stylospora, ae, f., a stylospore
suadens, persuading
suavis, pleasant
sub, affix meaning somewhat, slightly
subacutus, somewhat acute
subaequans, nearly equal
subalbus, nearly white
subalutaceus, somewhat yellow
subastomous, more or less mouthless
subbulbosus, somewhat bulbous
subcarbonaceus, slightly carbona-
ceous
subcarnulosus, slightly fleshy
subclavatus, subclavate
subclypeate, somewhat shield-shaped
subcolumelliformis, somewhat like a
columella
subconoideus, slightly conical
subcrustose, somewhat crust-like
subcuboideus, somewhat cubical
subcutaneus, under the epidermis
subdeterminatus, limited
subdiscoideus, somewhat disc-shaped
subelevatus, somewhat raised
suberosus, suberose, corky
subfuscus, subfuscous, somewhat dark
subglobosus, subglobose
subiculum, i, n., subicle, a compact
cottony mycelium
subimmersus, slightly immersed
subinde, presently, forthwith,
and then
subito, suddenly
subnullus, nearly lacking
substantia, ae, f., substance
subterraneus, subterranean
subtilis, thin, slender
subtilitas, atis, f., fineness, thinness
subulatus, subulate, awl-shaped
subuliformis, awl-shaped
subvitro, under the lens
now
succresco, to grow under
suffultus, supported
sulcatus, sulcate, furrowed
sulcula, ae, f., a little furrow
sulcus, i, m., a furrow
sulphurellus, sulphurish
sulphureus, sulphur-colored
summa, ae, f., highest point, sum
superans, exceeding
superficialis, superficial
superficies, ei, f., the surface
superimpositus, superimposed
superpositus, superposed
superus, upper
supremus, uppermost
surculus, i, m., a shoot
sursum, upward
suspensor, supporting cell or group
of cells
sustinens, supporting
sylva, ae, f., a forest (see silva)
sympodice, sympodially
synnema, atis, n., an erect fascicle of
hyphae, as in Stilbaceae
T
tabesco, to melt
tactus, touched
taeniola, ae, f., a little band
talis, such
tamen, however, yet
tandem, at length
tantillus, so little
tapetum, i, n., nourishing layer
tarde, slowly, late
tartareus, powdery
tectus, covered
tegens, covering
tegmen, inis, n., a cover
teleutospora, ae, f., a teleutospore
teleutosporiferus, bearing teleuto-
spores
tenacellum, somewhat tenaceous
tenellus, delicate
tentacula, ae, f., a tentacle
tentaculiformis, tentacle-shaped
tenuatim, drawn out
tenuis, slender
ter, three times
terete, cylindrical
GLOSSARY
teretiusculus, round, cylindric
terminalis, terminal
terminatus, terminated
ternate, in threes
ternus, three-fold .
terra, ae, f., soil, earth
terrestris, terrestrial
tertius, third
testa, ae, f., a shell, coat
testaceus, brick-colored
tetradidymus, four-fold
tetragonus, four-angled
tetrasporus, four-spored
thalamium, i, n., a room
thallicola, growing on a thallus
thalliformis, thallus-like
thalline exciple, applied to an exciple
containing algae
thallus, a more or less definite mass
of hyphae parasitic on algae
thelephoroideus, thelephora-like
tigrinus, like a tiger
tinctus, tinged
tingens, tinging
tomentellus, hairy
tomentosus, hairy
tornatus, rounded-off
toruloideus, chain-like
torulosus, torulose, necklace-like
tortuosus, flexuous
tortus, twisted
totaliter, totally
totus, all
trabs, is, f., a beam
tractus, us, m., a tract
trahendum, to be drawn
trama, ae, f., a pathway
transeptate, with all cross-walls trans-
verse
translucidus, clear
trapezoideus, trapezium-like
transiens, temporary
transversalis, transversal
tremelloideus, tremelloid, gelatinous
tremellosus, jelly-like
triangularis, triangular
tribus, us, f., a tribe
tricornutus, with three horns
trifoveolatus, with three hollows
trigonus, trigonous, three-angled
trilobus, three-lobed
trinacriformis, three-pronged
tripartitus, three-divided
tripedalis, three feet long
tripollicaris, three inches
triquetrus, three-cornered
trisporus, three-spored
tristichus, in three rows
tropicus, tropical
truncatus, cut-off
truncicola, growing on trunks
trunculus, i, m., a little trunk, stem
truncus, i, m., a trunk
tuber, eris, n., tuber, a swelling
tubercularinus, Tubercularia-like
tubercularioid, Tubercularia-like,
warted
tubercularoideus, Tubercularia-like
tuberculiformis, wart-like
tuberculosus, roughened
tuberiform, tuber-like
tuberiformis, tuberiform, tuber-shaped
tubulosus, tubular
tubulus, i, m., a tube
tumescens, swelling
tumidulus, somewhat swollen
tumifactus, swollen
tunc, then
tunica, ae, f., cloak, coating
tunicatus, tunicate, covered
turbinatus, turbinate, top-shaped
turgescens, swollen
turgidus, swollen
turriformis, shaped like a tower
turritus, turreted, tower-like
typice, usually, characteristically
typus, i, m., a type
U
uber, rich
ubi, where
ubiquemque, everywhere
udus, wet
uliginosus, rich, muddy
ullus, any
ultimus, last
ultra, beyond or more
-ulus, a, um, suffix, meaning small
umbellatus, umbellate, umbelled
umbelliformis, like an umbel
203
204 GENERA OF FUNGI
umbilicatus, umbilicate, with a navel,
sunken in the center, somewhat
funnel-form.
umbilicus, i, m., navel
umbonatus, umbonate, with a boss
umbra, ae, f., shade
umbrinus, brown
umbrosus, shady
uncia, ae, f., an inch
uncialis, an inch long
uncinatus, hooked
unde, whence
undique, in all directions
undulatus, wavy
uniarticulatus, one-jointed
unicus, single
uniformis, of one form
unilateralis, one-sided
unilocular, with a single cavity or
cell
uniserialis, one-rowed
uniseriatus, one-rowed
unitus, joined
unquam, ever
urceolatus, pitcher-shaped
uredinicola, growing on rusts
uredospora, uredospore
uredosporiferus, bearing uredospores
urniformis, urn-shaped
uromorphus, tail-like
usque, up to
usurpatus, usurped
ut, as
uterque, both
ut-plurimum, for the most part
utriculiformis, bladder-shaped
utrimque, on both sides, in both di-
rections
uvidus, moist, wet
Vv
vaccinus, pertaining to a cow
vacuus, empty
vage, vaguely
vagina, ae, f., a sheath
vaginatus, sheathed
vagus, vague
valde, strongly
validiusculus, more or less stout
valseus, valsous, valsoid, Valsa-like,
with the perithecia in a circle in
the stroma
valva, ae, f., a valve
valvatim, valvate, with valves
variabilis, variable
varie, variously
variegatus, of different colors
verius, different
-ve, or
vegetus, fresh, vegetating
venementer, strongly
vel, or
velatus, veiled
vellus, eris, n., fleece, wool
velo, to cover
velocitas, atis, f., swiftness
velum, i, n., a veil
veluti, as
velutinus, velvety
vena, ae, f., a vein
venenatus, poisonous
veniformis, vein-like
ventricosus, swollen ;
vere, truly
vergo, to approach
verisimiliter, apparently
vermicularis, worm-like
vermiformis, vermiform, worm-shaped
vernalis, vernal, of or belonging to
spring
vero, truly
verruciformis, wart-like
verruculosus, verrucose, warted
versatus, poured
versicolor, of different colors
versiformis, of different forms
versus, towards
vertens, turning
vertex, icis, m., the tip
verticalis, vertical
verticillatim, in whorls
verticillatus, verticillate, whorled
vescus, small, weak
vesicula, ae, f., vesicle, swollen cell
vesiculosus, vesiculose, swollen, blad-
dery
vestiens, covering
vestiguum, i, n., remnant, vestige
vestio, to cover
vestitus, furnished, covered
vetustus, old
vibrans, changing
videor, to seem
vigens, growing
villosulus, somewhat woolly
villus, i, m., a hairy covering
vinarius, of wine
vineus, of or belonging to wine
vinum, i, n., wine
violaceus, violet
violascens, turning violet
virens, becoming green
virgatus, rod-shaped
viridarium, i, n., greenhouse
virgultum, i, n., bush, copse
viridifuscus, greenish brown
viridulus, greenish
viscidulus, viscid, somewhat sticky
visibilis, visible
visus, seen
vitellinus, yellow
vitreus, glassy
vivens, living
vividus, vivid
vivus, alive
vix, hardly
GLOSSARY 205
volva, ae, f., a cup-like sheath at the
base of a stem
volvaceus, with a volva
volvatus, with a volva
vulgatus, common
vulgo, commonly
vulpinus, of a fox
x
xylogenus, xylogenous, growing on
wood
xylophilus, growing on wood
Z
zona, ae, f., a zone
zonula, ae, f., a little zone
zoogenus, on animals
zoogonid, a motile propagative cell
zoospora, ae, f., zoospore
zoosporangium, ii, n., zoosporangium
zoosporiferus, producing zoospores
zygosporiacus, pertaining to a zygo-
spore
zygosporous, with resting spores
formed by the conjugation of simi-
lar sex cells
zymogenus, ferment-producing
A
Abrothallus, 69
Absidia, 13
Acallomyces, 19
Acanthostigma, 34
Acanthothecis, 59
Acanthothecium, 59, 134
Acarospora, 80
Acerbia, 38
Acerbiella, 38
Acetabula, 89
Achlya, 15
Achlyogeton, 16
Acinula, 164
Acladium, 141
Acolium, 71
Acompsomyces, 19
Acontium, 140
Acremoniella, 148
Acremonium, 141
Acrocylindrium, 143
Acroscyphus, 72, 9z
Acrospermum, 58
Acrospira, 148
Acrostalagmus, 143
Acrotheca, 147
Acrothecium, 152
Actidium, 56
Actiniceps, 155
Actiniopsis, 34, 52
Actinomma, 163
Actinonema, 125
Actinoplaca, 75
Actinoscypha, 69
Actinothecium, 131
Actinothyrium, 132
Acurtis, 105
Adermatis, 79
Aecidiella, 99
Aecidiolum, 99
Aecidium, 99
Aegerita, 159
Aegeritopsis, 161
Agaricaceae, 110
INDEX
Agaricales, 102
Agaricus, 114
Aglaospora, 35
Agyriella, 135
Agyriellopsis, 133
Agyrina, 67
Agyriopsis, 67
Agyrium, 67
Ahlesia, 67
Alboffiella, 115
Albuginae, 17
Albugo, 17
Aldona, 56
Aldridgea, 106
Alectoria, 82
Aleuria, 88
Aleurina, 89
Allantonectria, 43
Allantospora, 145
Allarthonia, 58
Allarthothelium, 58
Allescheria, 22
Allescheriella, 142
Alliospora, 140
Alternaria, 154
Alveolaria, ror
Amallospora, 163
Amanita, 111
Amanitopsis, 111
Amaurascus, 93
Amblyosporium, 140
Ameghiniella, 66
Amerosporium, 133
Amoebochytrium, 11
Amorphomyces, 19
Amphichaeta, 137
Amphisphaeria, 32
Ampullaria, 129
Anaptychia, 84
Anapyrenium, 42
Ancylistaceae, 16
Ancylistae, 16
Ancylistes, 17
Anellaria, 114
Anema, 73
Angelinia, 56, 66
Angiopoma, 126
Anixia, 23
Anixiopsis, 22
Annularia, 112
Anthina, 164
Anthomyces, 1o1
Anthostoma, 29
Anthostomella, 28
Anthracoderma, 123
Anthracoidea, 101
Anthracophyllum, 115
Anthracothecium, 40
Anthurus, 116
Antromycopsis, 157
Anzia, 81
Aphanascus, 92
Aphanomyces, 15
Apiospora, 30
Apiosporium, 23
Aplacodina, 31
Aplanes, 15
Apodachlya, 16
Aponectria, 45
Aporophallus, 115
Aposphaeria, 122
Arachniotus, 93
Arachnium, 119
Arachnomyces, 23
Arachnopeziza, 87
Araeospora, 16
Arcangelia, 30
Arcangeliella, 120
Arctomia, 73
Arenaea, 87
Areolaria, 119
Argopsis, 78
Argynna, 24
Armillaria, 111
Arrhenia, 111
Arrhytidia, 105
Arthonia, 58
Arthoniactis, 76
Arthoniae, 58
Arthoniopsis, 58
208
Arthotheliopsis, 75
Arthothelium, 58
Arthrinium, 147
Arthrobotrys, 144
Arthrobotryum, 157
Arthropyrenia, 41
Arthrosporium, 156
Aschersonia, 129
Aschersoniopsis, 130
Ascobolaceae, 92
Ascobolae, 92
Ascobolus, 92
Ascochyta, 125
Ascocorticiaceae, 93
Ascocorticium, 93
Ascodes, 94
Ascodesmis, 92
Ascoidaceae, 93
Ascoidea, 93
Ascomycetella, 95
Ascomycetes, 18
Ascophanae, 92
Ascophanus, 92
Ascopolyporus, 48
Ascotricha, 23
Aseroe, 116
Aspergillae, 140
Aspergillus, 140
Aspidopyrenium, 40
Aspidothelium, 4o
Asterella, 53
Asteridiella, 53
Asteridium, 24, 53
Asterina, 23, 53
Asterinae, 52
Asteristium, 76
Asteroconium, 138
Asterodon, 108 |
Asteroma, 122
Asteromella, 122, 131
Asteromidium, 126
Asteronia, 153
Asterophora, 142
Asteroporum, 41
Asterosporium, 137
Asterostroma, 107
Asterothyrium, 75, 132
Asterula, 23, 53
Astrocystis, 28
GENERA OF FUNGI
Astrodochium, 162
Astrotheliae, 42
Astrothelium, 42
Atractiella, 155
Atractina, 152
Atractium, 156
Auerswaldia, 49
Aulaxina, 59
Aulographum, 56
Aureobasidium, 107
Auricularia, 103
Auriculariae, 103
Auriculariella, 103
B
Bacidia, 77
Bacillus, 8
Bacteriaceae, 8
Bacteriales, 7
Bacterium, 8
Bactridiopsis, 159
Bactridium, 161
Bactroboletus, 109
Bactrosphaeria, 38
Bactrospora, 70
Baculospora, 44
Baeomyces, 78
Baggea, 57
Bagnisiella, 48
Balansia, 47
Balansiella, 47
Balladyna, 24
Balsamia, 97
Balzania, 43
Barclayella, 100
Bargellinia, 93
Barlaea, 88
Bartalinia, 126
Basiascum, 136
Basidiella, 156
Basidicbolus, 14
Basidiomycetes, 102
Basidiophora, 17
Basisporium, 148
Battarea, 117
Battareopsis, 117
Battarinia, 43
Baumanniella, 105
Baumiella, 34
Beccariella, 106
Beggiatoa, 7
Beggiatoaceae, 7
Belonia, 40
Belonidium, 85
Beloniella, 86
Belonium, 87
Belonopsis, 85
Belonoscypha, 87
Belospora, 87
Beltrania, 151
Beniowskia, 159
Berkelella, 46
Berlesiella, 36
Bertia, 30
Bertiella, 33
Biatora, 76
Biatorella, 68, 77
Biatorellina, 68
Biatorina, 77
Bispora, 150
Bivonella, 46
Bizzozera, 25
Bizzozeriella, 160
Blasdalea, 51
Blastenia, 83
Blastodesmia, 40
Blastomyces, 141
Blastotrichum, 145
Blennoria, 135
Blennothallia, 74
Blitrydium, 70
Bloxamia, 135
Biumenavia, 116
Boerlagella, 26
Bolacotricha, 149
Bolbitius, 113
Boletinus, 109
Boletium, 108
Boletopsis, 109
Boletus, 109
Bolinia, 29
Bombardia, 29
Bombardiastrum, 33
Bombyliospora, 77
Bommerella, 29
Bonia, 107
Bonordeniella, 163
Bonplandiella, 162
Bostrichonema, 144
Botrytidae, 141
Botryodiplodia, 126
Botryosphaeria, 28
Botryosporium, 140
Botryotrichum, 149
Botrytis, 142
Bottaria, 42.
Boudiera, 92
Boudierella, 92
Bovilla, 38
Bovista, 118
Brachysporium, 152
Brefeldiella, 51
Bremia, 17
Bresadolella, 44
Bresadolia, 110
Briardia, 63
Briarea, 141
Brigantiella, 54
Briosia, 157
Broomeia, 118
Broomella, 46
Brunchorstia, 132
Bryophagus, 80
Bryopogon, 82
Buellia, 84
Bulgaria, 67
Bulgariaceae, 66
Bulgariella, 67
Bulgariopsis, 67
Bullaria, 136
Bulliardella, 56
Burrillia, 102
Buseella, 140
Byssocystis, 122
Byssonectria, 43
Cc
Cacosphaeria, 31
Caenomyces, 21
Caeoma, 99
Calathiscus, 116
Calcarisporium, 143
Caldesia, 69
Caldesiella, 108
Calenia, 79
Caliciaceae, 70
INDEX
Caliciopsis, 71
Calicium, 71
Calloria, 67
Calocera, 105
Caloderma, 118
Calonectria, 16
Caloplaca, 83
Calosphaeria, 26
Calospora, 34
Calostilbe, 46
Calothricopsis, 38
Calvatia, 118
Calycidium, 71
Calyptospora, 100
Camarops, 32
Camarosporium, 127
Camillea, 29
Campanella, 111
Camposporium, 152
Campsotrichum, 148
Camptomyces, 19
Camptosphaeria, 27
Camptoum, 147
Campylothelium, 41
Candelaria, 81
Candelariella, 79
Cantharellus, 111
Cantharomyces, 18
Capillaria, 164
Capnodaria, 25
Capnodiaceae, 25
Capnodiastrum, 124
Capnodiella, 29
Capnodiopsis, 25
Capnodium, 25
Capronia, 36
Carestiella, 64
Caryospora, 35
Castoreum, 118
Catastoma, 118
Catenaria, 11
Catenularia, 149
Catharinea, 36
Catillaria, 77
Catinula, 133
Cauloglossum, 117
Celidium, 58
Cenangella, 66
Cenangium, 66
Cenococcaceae, 96
Cenococcum, 96
Cephaliophora, 145
Cephalodochium, 160
Cephalosporiae, 139
Cephalosporium, 140
Cephalothece, 23
Cephalothecium, 144
Cephalotrichum, 147
Ceracea, 105
Ceraiomyces, 20
Ceratocarpia, 24
209
Ceratocladium, 150, 157
Ceratomyces, 21
Ceratophorum, 152
Ceratosphaeria, 33
Ceratosporium, 154
Ceratostoma, 28
Ceratostomella, 27
Cercospora, 152, 154
Cercosperella, 145
Cercosporidium, 152
Ceriospora, 34
Ceriosporella, 33
Cerocorticium, 106
Cesatiella, 46
Cetraria, 81
Ceuthospora, 123
Chaconia, 08
Chaenoderma, 117
Chaenotheca, 71
Chaetocladiae, 14
Chaetocladium, 14
Chaetoconidium, 142
Chaetoconis, 125
Chaetodiplodia, 125
Chaetodochis, 163
Chaetomella, 124
Chaetomidum, 23
Chaetomium, 29
Chaetomyces, 21
Chaetopeltis, 132
Chaetophoma, 122
Chaetopsis, 150
Chaetospermum, 160
Chaetosphaeria, 35
Chaetostroma, 162
Chaetostromella, 163
Chaetothece, 22
210
Chaetothyrium, 52
Chaetozythia, 129
Chalara, 150
Chamonixia, 120
Charonectria, 44
Charrinia, 33
Chiastospora, 129
Chilonectria, 43
Chiodectae, 60
Chiodectum, 60
Chiromyces, 154
Chitonia, 114
Chitoniella, 114
Chitonis, 114 ;
Chitonomyces, 19
Chitonospora, 34
Chlamydobacteriaceae, 7
Chloridium, 150
Chlorocaulum, 78
Chlorodothis, 50
Chloropeltis, 75 ,
Chlorophyceae, 8
Chlorosplenium, 86
Choanophora, 14
Choanophorae, 13
Choeromyces, 98
Chondromyces, 8, 155
Choriactis, 65
Chromosporium, 138
Chrysobasidium, 107
Chrysomyxa, 100
Chrysopsora, 100
Chrysothrix, 72
Chrysotrichaceae, 72
Chytridiaceae, 9
Chytridium, 11
Ciboria, 86
Cicinnobella, 124
Cicinnobolus, 122
Ciliciopodium, 155
Ciliella, 85
Ciliofusarium, 163
Ciliospora, 128
Cintractia, 101
Circinastrum, 124
Circinella, 13
Circinotrichum, 150
Cirromyces, 150
Citromyces, 141
GENERA OF FUNGI
Cladosterigma, 156
Cladobotryum, 143
Cladochytriae, 11
Cladochytrium, 11
Cladoderris, 106
Cladonia, 78
Cladoniaceae, 78
Cladorrhinum, 150
Cladosphaeria, 34
Cladosporium, 151
Cladothrix, 7
Cladotrichum, 151
Clarkeinda, 114
Clasterosporium, 151
Clastopsora, 98
Clathrella, 116
Clathrogaster, 119
Clathroporina, 40
Clathrospora, 37
Clathrus, 116
Claudopus, 113
Ciavaria, 105
Clavariaceae, 105
Clavariopsis, 104
Claviceps, 47
Clavogaster, 118
Clavularia, 155
Cleistosoma, 43
Cleistothece, 25
Clematomyces, 20
Clethridium, 36
Clinoconidium, 159
Clintoniella, 45
Clithris, 62
Clitocybe, 111
Clitopilus, 113
Clonostachys, 143
Clypeolum, 51
Clypeosphaeria, 34
Coccaceae, 8
Coccobotrys, 164
Coccocarpia, 83
Coccodiscus, 51
Coccoidea, 50
Coccoideaceae, 50
Coccomyces, 62
Cocconia, 61
Coccopeziza, 63
Coccophacidium, 62
Coccospora, 138
Coccosporella, 138
Coccosporium, 153
Coccotrema, 40
Coelomyces, 118
Coelosphaeria, 26
Coemansia, 143
Coemansiella, 140
Coenogonium, .72
Ccleoma, 99
Coleopuccinia, 99
Coleosporium, 100
Collema, 74
Collemataceae, 72
Collematae, 73
Collemopsidium, 73
Colletotrichum, 135
Collocystis, 129
Collodendrum, 104
Collodochium, 159
Collonema, 127
Collopezis, 103
Collybia, 111
Collyria, 105
Colpoma, 57
Colus, 116
Combea, 60
Ccmesia, 86
Comoclathris, 57
Completoria, 14
Compsomyces, 20
Confervales, 18
Conida, 58
Conidiascus, 93
Conidiobolus, 14
Coniocybe, 71
Coniophora, 107
Coniophorella, 107
Conioscypha, 149
Coniosporium, 146
Coniothecium, 153
Coniothyriella, 133
Coniothyris, 133
Coniothyrium, 124
Conotrema, 79
Cookella, 25, 96
Coprinus, 114
Coprolepa, 28
Cora, 107
Corallodendrum, 155
Corallomyces, 45
Cordana, 151
Cordella, 146, 148
Cordieritaceae, 92
Cordierites, 92
Corditubera, 118
Cordyceps, 47
Coremium, 155
Coreomyces, 21
Corethromyces, 20
Corethropsis, 140
Cornuella, 102
Cornularia, 127
Coronella, 139
Coronophora, 26
Corticium, 106
Cortinarius, 114
Corymbomyces, 143
Ccryne, 68
Corynelia, 54
Coryneliaceae, 54
Coryneliella, 54
Coryneum, 137
Corynogaster, 118
Coscinaria, 47
Cosmariospora, 161
Costantinella, 149
Coutinia, 28
Couturea, 126
Crandallia, 132
Craterellus, 106
Craterocolla, 104
Crenothrix, 7
Crepidotus, 113
Crinula, 66
Crocicreas, 122
Crocynia, 72
Cronartium, 99
Crotonocarpia, 37
Crucibulum, 121
Crumenula, 66
Cryphonectria, 45
Cryptica, 97
Cryptocoryneum, 151
Cryptoderis, 33
Cryptodiscus, 64
Cryptomela, 136
Cryptomyces, 61
INDEX
Cryptophallus, 115
Cryptoporus, 109
Cryptosphaerella, 26
Cryptosphaeria, 26
Cryptosphaerina, 35
Cryptospora, 38
Cryptosporella, 28
Cryptosporium, 137
Cryptostictis, 126
Cryptothecium, 22
Cryptothele, 72
Cryptovalsa, 26
Ctenomyces, 93
Cubonia, 92
Cucurbitaria, 37
Cudonia, 91
Cudoniella, 91
Curreya, 50
Cyanobaeis, 78
Cyanocephalum, 45
Cyathicula, 86
Cyathus, 120
Cycloconium, 150
Cycloderma, 117
Cyclomyces, 110
Cycloschizum, 56
Cyclostomella, 55
Cylindrina, 37
Cylindrium, 139
Cylindrocephalum, 140
Cylindrocladium, 144
Cylindrocolla, 160
Cylindrodendrum, 142
Cylindrophora, 142
Cylindrosporium, 137
Cylindrotrichum, 141
Cymatella, 112
Cyphelium, 71
Cyphella, 107
Cyphina, 130
Cystolobis, 81
Cystophora, 148
Cystotheca, 23
Cystothyrium, 132
Cystotricha, 125
Cytodiplospora, 125
Cytoplea, 124
Cytospora, 123
Cytosporella, 123
Cytosporina, 128
Cytosporium, 127
Cyttaria, 94
Cyttariaceae, 94
D
Dacrymycella, 159
Dacryobolus, 121
Dacryodochium, 160
Dacryomitra, 105
Dacryomyces, 104
Dacryomycetae, 104
Dacryopsis, 105
Dactylaria, 145
Dactylella, 145
Dactylina, 82
Dactylium, 145
Dactylosporium, 153
Daedalea, 110
Daldinia, 29
Dangardiella, 49
Darbishirella, 60
Darluca, 125
Darwiniella, 49
Dasybolus, 92
Dasypezis, 88
Dasyphthora, 45
Dasyscypha, 88
Dasyscyphae, 87
Dasyspora, 99
Davincia, 87
Debaryella, 46
Deconica, 114
Delacourea, 37
Delastria, 97
Delitschia, 32
Delitschiella, 32
Delortia, 104
Delpinoella, 55
Delpontia, 64
Dematiaceae, 146
Dematiae, 162
Dematium, 149
Dendrodochium, 159
Dendrogaster, 120
Dendrographa, 60
Dendrographium, 158
Dendrophoma, 122
Dendrostilbella, 155
211
212
Dendryphium, 152
Dermatea, 66
Dermateaceae, 65
Dermatiscum, 77
Dermatocarpae, 42
Dermatocarpum, 42
Desmazierella, 90
Desmidiospora, 154
Detonia, 88
Diachora, 48
Diaphanium, 158
Diaporthe, 31
Diaporthopsis, 28
Diarthonis, 58
Diatrype, 26
Diatrypella, 26
Diatrypeopsis, 26
Dibaeis, 78
Dibelonis, 86
Diblepharis, 18
Dichaena, 56
Dichaenopsis, 134
Dichlaena, 129
Dichodium, 73
Dichomera, 127
Dichomyces, 19
Dichoporis, 40
Dichosporium, 34
Dicoccum, 150
Dicollema, 74
Dicranidium, 161
Dicranophora, 13
Dictyobole, 115
Dictyocephalus, 119
Dictyographia, 59
Dictyonia, 68
Dictyophora, 115
Dictyorinis, 84
Dictyosporium, 153
Dictyuchus, 15
Dicyma, 147
Didymaria, 144
Didymella, 30
Didymobotryopsis, 156
Didymobotryum, 157
Didymochaete, 125
Didymocladium, 144
Didymopsis, 144
Didymopsora, 100
GENERA OF FUNGI
Didymosira, 99
Didymosphaeria, 32
Didymosporium, 136
Didymostilbe, 156
Dielsiella, 56
Dietelia, 98
Digraphis, 59
Dilophia, 38
Dilophospora, 128
Dimargaris, 140
Dimerisma, 39
Dimerium, 24
Dimeromyces, 18
Dimerosporiopsis, 32
Dimerosporis, 32
Dimerosporium, 23
Dimorphomyces, 18
Dinemasporium, 133
Dioecomyces, 20
Diorchidium, 99
Diphaeis, 77
Diphaeosticta, 81
Diphanis, 77
Diphanosticta, 81
Diphloeis, 76
Diplocarpa, 88
Diplocladium, 144
Diplococcium, 151
Diplocryptis, 63
Diplocystis, 118
Diploderma, 117
Diplodia, 126
Diplodiella, 126
Diplodina, 125
Diplodiopsis, 126
Diplogramma, 59
Diplomyces, 20
Diplonaevia, 63
Diplopelitis, 132
Diplophlyctis, rz
Diplophysa, 11
Diplorhinotrichum, 144
Diploschistes, 79
Diplosporis, 27
Diplosporium, 144
Diplotheca, 36
Diplotomma, 84
Diplozythia, 129
Dipodascus, 93
Diporina, 40
Dipyrenis, 40
Dipyrgis, 71
Dirina, 59
Dirinae, 59
Dirinaria, 84
Dirinastrum, 60
Discella, 134
Discina, 89
Discocolla, 161
Discocyphella, 106
Discomycetopsis, 124
Discomycopsella, 131
Discosia, 132
Discostroma, 50
Discula, 133
Dispira, 140
Distichomyces, 21
Dithelopsis, 40
Ditiola, 105
Ditopella, 27
Ditremis, 41
Ditylis, 71
Doassansia, 102
Doratomyces, 140
Dothichiza, 133
Dothidea, 49
Dothideaceae, 48
Dothidella, 49
Dothiopsis, 123
Dothiora, 62
Dothiorella, 123
Drepanospora, 152
Dufourea, 82
Duplicaria, 62
Durella, 70
Dyslachnum, 87
Dyslecanis, 79
Dysrhynchis, 82
Dysticta, 81
Dystictina, 82
E
Eccilia, 113
Echinobotryum, 147
Echinodontium, 108
Echinodothis, 48
Echinophallus, 115
Echinothecium, 31
Ectinomyces, 20
Ectolechiae, 75
Ectostroma, 164
Ectrogella, 10
Eidamella, 94
Elaphomyces, 96
Elaphomycetaceae, 96
Elasmomyces, 116
Eleutheromyces, 43
Ellisiella, 149
Elsinoe, 93
Empusa, 14
Enarthromyces, 19
Encephalographa, 59
Enchnoa, 25
Enchnosphaeria, 34
Endobasidium, 107
Endobotrya, 127
Endocarpum, 42
Endocena, 82
Endoconidium, 158
Endodesmia, 160
Endogonaceae, 96
Endomyces, 94
Endomycetaceae, 93
Endophyllum, 100
Endothia, 31
Endoxyla, 26
Endoxylina, 33
Engleromyces, 44
Englerula, 24
Enterodictyum, 60
Enterostigma, 61
Entoloma, 113
Entomophthora, 14
Entomophthoraceae, 14
Entomosporium, 132
Entonaema, 44
Entophlyctis, 10
Entorrhiza, ror
Entyloma, ror
Eolichen, 39
Eomycenella, 111
Foterfezia, 97
Eoterfeziaceae, 96
Ephebae, 74
Ephebe, 74
Ephebeia, 74
Ephelina, 66
INDEX
Ephelis, 134
Epichloe, 47
Epiclinium, 163
Epicoccum, 162
Epicymatia, 30
Epidochiopsis, 160
Epidochium, 162
Epigloea, 39
Epilichen, 69
Epochnium, 151
Eremascus, 93
Eremothecium, 94
Erikssonia, 55
Erinella, 88
Erioderma, 83
Eriopeziza, 86
Eriosphaera, 118
Eriosphaeria, 31
Eriospora, 128
Eriosporina, 127
Eriothyrium, 131
Erysibaceae, 21
Erysibe, 22
Erysibella, 22
Erythrocarpum, 44
Eubelonis, 87
Eucantharomyces, 19
Eucorethromyces, 20
Evucronartium, 103
Eucyphelis, 71
Euhaplomyces, 19
Eumollisiae, 84
Eumoncecomyces, 19
Euporthe, 31
Eupropolis, 64
Eurotiopsis, 128
Eurotium, 22
Euryachora, 48
Eurytheca, 95
Eutypa, 26
Eutypella, 26
Eustictidae, 62
Euzodiomyces, 21
Everhartia, 162
Evernia, 82
Everniopsis, 82
Exascaceae, 93
Exascus, 93
Excipula, 133
Excipulaceae, 133
Excipularia, 134, 163
Excipulina, 134
Exidia, 104
Exidiopsis, 104
Exobasidium, 107
Exosporina, 163
Exosporium, 163
F
Fabraea, 86
Farlowiella, 55
Farriolla, 71
Favillea, 119
Favolus, 110
Femsjonia, 104
Fenestella, 37
Feracia, 47
Filoboletus, 109
Fioriella, 131
Fistulina, 109
Fistulinella, 109
Flaminia, 63
Flammula, 113
Fleischera, 48
Floccimutinus, 115
Fomes, 109
Forssellia, 73
Fracchiaea, 26
Friesula, 106
Fuckelia, 123
Fuckelina, 150
Fumago, 154
Fungi Imperfecti, 121
Fusariella, 151
Fusarium, 161
Fusella, 146
Fusicladium, 151
Fusicoccum, 123
Fusicolla, 159
Fusidium, 139
Fusoma, 145
G
Gaillardiella, 32
Galactinia, 89
Galera, 113
Gambleola, 100
Gamospora, 127
213
214
Gamosporella, 123
Gasteromycetes, 115
Gautiera, 120
Geaster, 117
Geasterae, 117
Geasteropsis, 117
Geisleria, 40
Gelatinosporium, 128
Geminispora, 27
Genabea, 97
Genea, 96
Geoglossum, 91
Geopora, 96
Geopyxis, 89
Geotrichum, 139
Gibbera, 31
Gibberella, 46
Gibberidea, 35
Gibellia, 28
Gibellina, 32
Gibellula, 156
Gilletiella, 52
Giulia, 132
Glenospora, 148
Gliobotrys, 140
Gliocephalus, 139
Gliocladium, 141
Gloeocalyx, 67
Gloeopeziza, 67
Gloeoporus, 109
Gloeosphaera, 143
Gloeosporiella, 136
Gloeosporium, 135
Glomerella, 28
Glomerularia, 138
Gloniella, 56
Gloniopsis, 57
Glonium, 56
Glossodium, 78
Glutinium, 122, 157
Glycophila, 139
Glyphis, 60
Glypholecia, 81
Gnomonia, 30
Gnomoniella, 27
Gnomoniopsis, 33
Godronia, 66
Godroniella, 133
Gomphidius, 115
GENERA OF FUNGI
Gomphyllus, 78
Gonapodya, 18
Gonatobotrys, 143
Gonatobotrytae, 143
Gonatobotryum, 147
Gonatorrhodiella, 143
Gonatorrhodum, 143
Gongromeriza, 147
Gongylia, 40
Goniosporium, 147
Gonohymenia, 73
Gonothecis, 75
Gonytrichum, 150
Gorgoniceps, 87
Grammothele, 108
Grandinia, 108
Grandiniella, 107
Granularia, 159
Graphidaceae, 58
Graphidiae, 58
Graphina, 59
Graphiothecium, 157
Graphis, 59
Graphium, 157
Graphyllium, 57
Guelichia, 160
Guepinia, 105
Guignardiella, 27
Guillermondia, 95
Gyalecta, 80
Gyalectae, 80
Gymnascaceae, 93
Gymnascales, 93
Gymnascus, 93
Gymnoconia, 100
Gymnoderma, 78
Gymnodochium, 160
Gymnoglossum, 118
Gymnographa, 58
Gymnomycees, 120
Gymnosporangium, 100
Gyrocephalus, 104
Gyroceras, 147
Gyrocratera, 97
Gyrodon, 109
Gyromitra, 91
Gyrophora, 77
Gyrophorae, 77
Gyrostomum, 80
H
Habrostictis, 63
Hadrotrichum, 148
Haematomma, 79
Haematomyces, 67
Haematomyxa, 68
Hainesia, 135
Halobyssus, 131
Hapalophragmium, ror
Haplaria, 141
Haplariopsis, 144
Haplobasidium, 147
Haplocybe, 91
Haplographium, 149
Haplomyces, 19
Haplopyrenula, 41
Haplosporella, 124
Haplosporium, 28
Haplotrichum, 140
Hariotia, 30
Harknessia, 124
Harknessiella, 95
Harpidium, 79
Harpocephalum, 157
Harpochytriae, 11
Harpochytrium, 11
Harpographium, 157
Hartigiella, 141
Harziella, 143
Hassea, 39
Hebeloma, 113
Helicobasidium, 107
Helicocephalum, 149
Helicogloea, 103
Helicoma, 154
Helicomyces, 146
Helicopsis, 154
Helicosporium, 154
Helicostilbe, 156
Helicotrichum, 149
Helicoum, 146
Heliomyces, 112
Heliscus, 161
Helminthascus, 47
Helminthocarpum, 59
Helminthophana, 20
Helminthosphaeria, 2%
Helminthosporium, 152
Helostroma, 156
Helotiaceae, 86
Helotiae, 86
Helotium, 86
Helvella, g1
Helvellaceae, 90
Helvellae, 91
Hemiglossum, 91
Hemihysteriaceae, 54
Hemileia, 98
Hemileiopsis, 101
Hendersonia, 126
Hendersonula, 127
Henningsomyces, 32
Henningsinia, 29
Henriquesia, 55
Heppia, 75
Heppiae, 75
Heptameria, 34
Hercospora, 31
Hericium, 108
Herpocladiella, 13
Herpomyces, 20
Herpothrix, 35
Herpotrichia, 34
Heterobasidium, 107
Heterobotrys, 146
Heterocarpum, 42
Heterocephalum, 155
Heterochaete, 104
Heterodea, 81
Heteromyces, 78
Heteronectria, 43
Heteropatella, 133
Heterosphaeria, 65
Heterosporium, 152
Heufleria, 42
Hexagonia, 110
Heydenia, 157
Hiatula, 111
Himantia, 164
Hippoperdon, 118
Hirneola, 103
Hirneolina, 104
Hirsutella, 105
Hirudinaria, 154
Hobsonia, 162
Hoehneliella, 157
Holcomyces, 132
Holocoenis, 72
INDEX
Holocyphis, 71
Holothelis, 40
Holstiella, 34
Holwaya, 68
Homopsella, 74
Homostegia, 49
Homothecium, 73
Hormiactella, 149
Hormiactis, 144
Hormiscium, 147
Hormodendrum, 149
Hormodochis, 163
Hormosperma, 33
Hormyllium, 135
Humaria, 88
Husseya, 117
Hyaloceras, 137
Hyaloderma, 25
Hyalodothis, 48
Hyalopsora, 98
Hyalopus, 140
Hyaloria, 104
Hyalostilbae, 154
Hyalothyridium, 127
Hyalothyris, 127
Hydnaceae, 107
Hydnangium, 120
Hydnobolites, 97
Hydnochaete, 108
Hydnocystis, 96
Hydnofomes, 108
Hydnophysa, 108
Hydnotrya, 97
Hydnum, 108
Hydraeomyces, 19
Hydrothyria, 83
Hygrophorus, 111
Hymenella, 159
Hymenogaster, 120
Hymenogastraceae, 119
Hymenogramme, 112 _
Hymenomyeetes, 102
Hymenopsis, 162
Hymenoscypha, 87
Hymenula, 159
Hyperphyscia, 84
Hypha, 164
Hyphaster, 163
Hyphoderma, 141
Hypholoma, 114
Hyphomyceteae, 138
Hyphoscypha, 88
Hyphostereum, 159
Hypocenia, 124
Hypochnus, 107
Hypocopra, 28
Hypocrea, 45
Hypocreaceae, 42
Hypocrella, 48
Hypocreodendrum, 129
Hypocreopsis, 45
Hypoderma, 57
Hypodermella, 55
Hypodermium, 135
Hypodermopsis, 57
Hypolyssus, 106
Hypomyees, 45
Hyponectria, 43
Hypospila, 33
Hypospilina, 30
Hypoxylopsis, 49
Hypoxylum, 30
Hysterangium, 120
Hysteriaceae, 55
Hysteriales, 54
Hysterium, 57
Hysterographium, 57
Hysteromyxa, 130
Hysteropatella, 69
Hysteropsis, 57
Hysterostomella, 55
I
Icmadophila, 79
Idiomyces, 20
Ilosporium, 160
Ingaderia, 60
Inocybe, 113
Inzengaea, 27
Totidea, 89
Iridionia, 63
Irpex, 108
Isaria, 156
Isariopsis, 157
Isothea, 37
Itajahya, 115
Ithyphallus, 115
215
216
J
Janseella, 64
jJansia, 115
Jenmania, 73
Johansonia, 69
Jola, 103
Jonaspis, 80
jJulella, 36
K
Kabatia, 131
Kalchbrennera, 115
Kalmusia, 35
Karschia, 69
Karstenia, 64
Karstenula, 36
Keithia, 62
Kellermannia, 125, 126
Kmetia, 159
Kneiffia, 106
Koerberia, 73
Konradia, 48
Kretschmaria, 29
Kullhemia, 48
Kusanoa, 95
Kusanobotrys, 24
L
Laaseomyces, 23
Laboulbenia, 21
Laboulbeniaceae, 18
Laboulbeniales, 18
Labrella, 131
Labridium, 132
Laccocephalum, 109
Lachnea, ‘90
Lachnella, 88
Lachnellula, 87
Lachnocladium, 105
Lachnodochium, 160
Lachnum, 87
Lactariopsis, 111
Lactarius, I11
Laestadia, 27
Lagenidiae, 16
Lagenidium, 16
Lagerheimia, 69
Lahmia, 70
Lambro, 45
GENERA OF FUNGI
Lamia, 14
Lamyella, 123
Langloisula, 142
Lanopila, 118
Lanzia, 87
Laquearia, 65
Laschia, 109
Lasiobolus, 92
Lasiobotrys, 23
Lasioderma, 155
Lasiodiplodia, 126
Lasiosphaeria, 33
Lasiosphaeris, 35
Lasiostictis, 64
Lasmenia, 131
Laurera, 42
Lauterbachiella, 64
Lecanactidae, 76
Lecanactis, 76
Lecania, 79
Lecanidion, 70
Lecaniella, 75
Lecanora, 79
Lecanorae, 78
Lecidea, 76
Lecideaceae, 76
Lecideae, 76
Lecideopsis, 58
Leciographa, 70
Lecithium, 46
Lecoglyphis, 70
Leciophysma, 73
Leiosepium, 141
Lemalis, 129
Lembosia, 56
Lembosiella, 55
Lemmopsis, 73
Lemonniera, 146
Lentinus, 112
Lentodiopsis, 112
Lentodium, 112
Lentomita, 30
Lenzites, 112
Leotia, gr
Leotiella, gt
Lepidocollema, 83
Lepiota, 111
Lepolichen, 42
Lepraria, 164
Leprocollema, 73
Leptinia, 100
Leptodendriscum, 74
Leptogidium, 74
Leptogiopsis, 74
Leptogium, 74
Leptolegnia, 15
Leptomitae, 15
Leptomitus, 16
Leptonia, 113
Leptophyma, 95
Leptorhaphis, 41
Leptosphaeria, 34
Leptosphaeropsis, 34
Leptosphaerulina, 36
Leptosporella, 38
Leptostroma, 131
Leptostromataceae, 130
Leptostromella, 133
Leptothyrella, 131
Leptothyrium, 131
Leptotrema, 80
Leptotrichum, 161
Letendraea, 46
Letharia, 82
Leucangium, 97
Leucocrea, 47
Leucogaster, 120
Leucopezis, 90
Leucophleps, 120
Levieuxia, 124
Libertella, 138
Libertiella, 129
Lichenopsis, 126
Lichenosticta, 121
Lichina, 74
Lichinae, 74
Lichinella, 74
Lichinodium, 74
Licopolia, 32
Lilliputia, 97
Limacinia, 24
Limnaeomyces, 19
Lindauella, 63
Linhartia, 85
Linospora, 37
Lisea, 45
Lisiella, 43
Listeromyces, 163
Lithoecis, 39
Lithographa, 59
Lithothelium, 42
Lituaria, 161
Lizonia, 31
Lizoniella, 30
Lloydiella, 107
Lobaria, 81
Lobarina, 83
Locellina, 113
Lopadiopsis, 75
Lopadium, 77
Lopharia, 108
Lophidiopsis, 54
Lophidium, 54
Lophiella, 53
Lophionema, 54
Lophiosphaera, 53
Lophiostoma, 54
Lophiostomataceae, 53
Lophiotrema, 54
Lophiotricha, 53
Lophium, 57
Lophodermium, 57
Lycoperdaceae, 116
Lycoperdae, 118
Lycoperdales, 115
Lycoperdon, 118
Lycoperdopsis, 118
Lysurus, 116
M
Macowanites, 120
Macrobatis, 126
Macrodiplodia, 125
Macrophoma, 122
Macropodia, 89, go
Macrosporium, 153
Macrostilbum, 155
Magnusia, 23
Malbranchea, 139
Malmeomyces, 46
Manginia, 123
Marasmiopsis, 112
Marasmius, 112
Marchaliella, 24
Maronea, 80
Marsonia, 136
Martellia, 120
INDEX
Martensella, 142
Martindalia, 155
Martinella, 129
Massalongia, 83
Massalongiella, 25
Massaria, 34
Massariella, 31
Massarina, 33
Massarinula, 30
Massariovalsa, 32
Masseea, 87
Masseella, 99
Massospora, 138
Mastigosporium, 145
Mastodia, 42
Mastomyces, 126
Mattirolia, 47
Matruchotia, 107
Maurodothis, 49
Maurya, 38
Mazosia, 61
Mazzantia, 48
Megalonectria, 46
Megalospora, 76
Melachroia, 89
Melampsora, 98
Melampsorella, 98
Melampydium, 76
Melanconiaceae, 135
Melanconiales, 135
Melanconiella, 32
Melanconiopsis, 124
Melanconis, 31
Melanconium, 136
Melanogaster, 120
Melanomma, 35
Melahops, 34
Melanopsamma, 31
Melanopsichium, 102
Melanospora, 44
Melanostroma, 135
Melanotaenium, ror
Melanotheca, 42
Melasmia, 131
Melaspilea, 59, 69
Melchiora, 31
Meliola, 24
Meliolopsis, 23
Melittiosporium, 64
Melittosporiopsis, 85
Melittosporis, 85
Melogramma, 35
Melomastia, 33
Melophia, 132
Mendogia, 57
Menispora, 150
Merarthonis, 58
Merodontis, 87
Merodothidis, 128
Merophora, 77
Meroplacis, 84
Merorinis, 84
Merostictina, 82
Merostictis, 64
Merulius, 110
Mesnieria, 28
Mesobotrys, 150
Mesophellia, 117
Metadothella, 62
Metanectria, 45
Metasphaeria, 33
Metraria, 112
Michenera, 106
Micrascus, 28
Microcera, 161
Micrococcus, 8
Microcyclus, 49
Microdiplodia, 125
Microglaena, 40
Microglossum, 91
Micrographa, 59
Micronectria, 47
Micropeltis, 52
Micropera, 128
Microphiale, 80
Microphyma, 95
Microspatha, 155
Microsphaera, 22
Microspira, 8
Microstelium, 58
Microstroma, 138
Microthelia, 41
Microtheliopsis, 41
Microthyriaceae, 51
Microthyriae, 51
Microthyrium, 52
Micula, 128
Midotiopsis, 65
217
218
Midotis, 65
Milesia, 100
Milowia, 144
Minksia, 60
Misgomyces, 21
Mitromyces, 117
Mitrula, 91
Mitruliopsis, 91
Moelleriella, 43
Moellerodiscus, 91
Molleriella, 95
Mollisia, 84
Mollisiaceae, 84
Mollisiella, 84
Monacrosporium, 145
Monascus, 23
Monilia, 139
Moniliaceae, 138
Moniliales, 138
Monoblepharidaceae, 18
Monoblepharis, 18
Monochaetia, 137
Monoecomyces, 19
Monographus, 48
Monopodium, 141
Monosporidium, 98
Monosporium, 142
Monotospora, 148
Montagnella, 49
Montagnites, 115
Montagnula, 37
Morchella, 91
Morenoella, 55
Morinia, 137
Moriola, 39
Moriolae, 39
Mortierélla, 13
Mortierellae, 13
Moschomyces, 20
Moutoniella, 62
Mucedinae, 158
Mucedineae, 138
Mucor, 13
Mucoraceae, 12
Mucorae, 12
Mucronella, 108
Mucronoporus, 109
Mucrosporium, 145
GENERA OF FUNGI
Miillerella, 28
Munkia, 130
Munkiella, 49
Muricularia, 1a9
Mutinus, 115
Myceliophthora, 138
Mycena, 111
Mycobacidia, 70
Mycobilimbia, 69
Mycoblastus, 76
Mycocalicium, 71
Mycocitrus, 45
Mycodendrum, 109
Mycogala, 122
Mycogone, 144
Mycolecis, 70
Mycomalus, 48
Mycoporaceae, 50
Mycoporellum, 50
Mycoporis, 78
Mycoporum, 50
Mycorhynchus, 13v
Mycosphaerella, 30
Mycosyrinx, 102
Myiocoprum, 51
Mylittopsis, 103
Myriadoporus, 110
Myriangiaceae, 95
Myriangella, 95
Myriangium, 95
Myridium, 67
Myrioblepharis, 18
Myriogenospora, 50
Myriolecis, 79
Myriophysa, 162
Myrmaecium, 31
Myrmecocystis, 97
Myrothecium, 162
Mystrosporium, 153
Mytilidium, 57
Myxobacter, 8
Myxobacteriaceae, 8
Myxobactrales, 8
Myxococcus, 8
Myxodictyum, 79
Myxomycidium, 105
Myxonema, 160
Myxormia, 135
Myxosporella, 135
Myxosporium, 135
Myxotrichum, 149
Myzocytium, 16
N
Naegeliella, 16
Naemacyclus, 64
Naematelia, 104
Naemosphaera, 124
Naemospofa, 137
Naevia, 63
Naeviella, 63
Napicladium, 152
Naucoria, 113
Necator, 159
Nectria, 45
Nectriella, 43
Nectrioidaceae, 128
Negeriella, 158
Nematogonium, 143
Nematosporangium, 16
Neoarcangelia, 26
Neobarclaya, 136
Neocosmospora, 44
Neomichelia, 152
Neopeckia, 32
Neoravenelia, ror
Neorehmia, 23
Neoskofitzia, 45
Neottiopezis, 90
Neottiospora, 122
Neovossia, ror
Nephroma, 76
Nephromopsis, 81
Nephromium, 75
Nesolechia, 69
Nidula, 121
Nidularia, 120
Nidulariaceae, 120
Nigrospora, 148
Niorma, 84
Niptera, 85
Nitschkea, 26
Nocardia, 7
Nolanea, 113
Nomuraea, 143
Normandina, 42
Nostocotheca, 94
Nothopatella, 124
Nothostroma, 50
Nowakowskia, 10
Nowakowskiella, 11
Nummularia, 30
Nyctalis, 111
Oo
Obelidium, 11
Ocellaria, 63
Ocellis, 80
Ocellularia, 80
Ochrolechia, 79
Octaviania, 120
Odontia, 108
Odontotrema, 65
Odontura, 65
Oedemium, 148
Oedocephalum, 139
Oedomyces, 101
Ohleria, 35
Ohleriella, 35
Oidiopsis, 139
Oidium, 139
Oleina, 93
Ollula, 130
Olpidiae, 9
Olpidiopsis, 10
Olpidium, 10
Olpitrichum, 141
Ombrophila, 67
Omphalia, 111
Oncopodium, 153
Oncospora, 134
Onygena, 96
Onygenaceae, 96
Oochytriae, 11
Oomyces, 47
Oospora, 139
Opegrapha, 59
Opegraphella, 59
Ophiobolus, 37
Ophioceras, 38
Ophiochaete, 38
Ophiocladium, 138
Ophiodictyum, 36
Ophiodothis, 50
INDEX
Ophiogloea, 68
Ophiognomonia, 37
Ophiomassaria, 37
Ophiomeliola, 25
Ophionectria, 47
Ophiopeltis, 52
Ophiotrichum, 152
Orbicula, 23
Orbilia, 67
Oropogon, 82
Orphniospora, 76
Oscarbrefeldia, 94
Ostreium, 57
Ostropa, 57, 65
Ostropae, 65
Otidea, 88
Otidella, 88
Otthia, 32
Otthiella, 31
Oudemansiella, 112
Ovularia, 142
Ovulariopsis, 142
Oxydothis, 50
Ozonium, 164
Pp
Pachybasium, 143
Pachyphiale, 80
Pachyphloeus, 97
Pactilia, 158
Paepalopsis, 139
Pampolysporium, 23
Panaeolus, 114
Pannaria, 83
Pannariae, 83
Panus, 112
Papulospora, 140
Paranectria, 46
Paraspora, 145
Parathalle, 70
Paratheliae, 41
Parathelium, 41
Parmelia, 81
Parmeliaceae, 78
Parmeliae, 81
Parmeliella, 83
Parmeliopsis, 81
Parmenteria, 42
219
Parmularia, 55
Parmulariella, 55
Parodiella, 24, 32
Paryphedria, 67
Passalora, 151
Passeriniella, 34
Passerinula, 45
Patellaria, 70
Patellariaceae, 68
Patellea, 69
Patellina, 130, 158
Patellinae, 130
Patinella, 69
Patouillardia, 159
Patouillardiella, 161
Paulia, 73
Paurocotylis, 119
Paxillus, 114
Pazschkea, 85
Pazschkella, 125
Peccania, 73
Peckia, 123
Peckiella, 40
Pedilospora, 146
Pedisordaria, 29
Pellicularia, 142
Pellioniella, 125
Pelodiscus, 90
Peloronectria, 46
Peltidium, 91
Peltigera, 75
Peltigeromyces, 88
Peltophora, 75
Peltophoraceae, 75
Peltophorae, 75
Peltophoromyces, 88
Peltosphaeria, 36
Peltostroma, 131
Pemphidium, 51
Penicilliopsis, 44
Penicillium, 141
Peniophora, 107
Pentagenella, 60
Penzigia, 29
Perforaria, 79
Peribotryum, 156
Pericladium, 99
Periconia, 147
220
Periconiella, 147
Peridermium, 99
Periola, 160
Perisporiaceae, 22
Perisporina, 24
Perisporiopsis, 24
Perisporium, 24
Peronospora, 17
Peroneutypa, 26
Peroneutypella, 26
Peronosporaceae, 17
Peronosporae, 17
Perisporiopsis, 24
Perrotia, 88
Pertusaria, 79
Pertusariae, 79
Pestalozzia, 137
Pestalozziella, 135
Pestalozzina, 136
Petasodes, 133
Petractis, 74
Peyritschiella, 19
Peziza, 89
Pezizaceae, 88
Pezizae, 88
Pezizales, 61
Pezizella, 86
Pezoloma, 86
Phacidiaceae, 61
Phacidium, 61
Phacopsis, 58
Phacopsora, 98
Phaeangella, 66
Phaeangium, 66, 97
Phaeoclavulina, 105
Phaeoconis, 148
Phaeocreopsis, 46
Phaeodiscula, 133
Phaeodothis, 49
Phaeoglaena, 40
Phaeographina, 59
Phaeographis, 59
Phaeohygrocybe, 114
Phaeolimacium, II4
Phaeomacropus, go
Phaeomeris, 39
Phaeonectria, 46
Phaeopeltis, 52
GENERA OF FUNGI
Phaeopeltosphaeria, 36
Phaeopezia, 89
Phaeophacidium, 61
Phaeopterula, 105
Phaeoradulum, 108
Phaeosaccardinula, 52
Phaeoscutella, 52
Phaeosphaerella, 31
Phaeospora, 34
Phaeosporis, 39
Phaeostilbae, 156
Phaeothrombis, 40
Phaeotrema, 80
Phallaceae, 115
Phallogaster, 116
Phalodictyum, 77
Phalomeris, 39
Phalostauris, 39
Phalothrix, 88
Phanosticta, 81
Phanotylium, 80
Pharcidia, 30
Phellorina, 119
Phialea, 86
Phillipsiella, 95
Philocopra, 28
Phlebia, 108
Phlebophora, 103
Phleboscyphus, 8&9
Phleospora, 128
Phloeoconis, 164
Phloeopeccania, 73
Phlyctella, 79
Phlyctidia, 79
Phlyctaena, 128
Phlyctis, 79
Phlyctochytrium, 11
Pholidota, 113
Pholiotella, 113
Phoma, 122
Phomataceae, 121
Phomatales, 121
Phomatospora, 27
Phomopsis, 121
Phragmidiothrix, 7
Phragmidium, 100
Phragmographium, 56
Phragmonaevia, 64
Phragmopeltis, 132
Phragmopyxine, 84
Phragmopyxis, 100
Phragmostele, 100
Phragmothele, 39
Phragmotrichum, 137
Phycascus, 89
Phycodiscis, 83
Phycomyces, 13
Phyllachora, 48
Phyllactinia, 22
Phylliscidium, 72
Phylliscum, 72
Phyllobathelium, 41
Phyllophthalmaria, 80
Phylloporina, 41
Phylloporis, 41
Phyllopsora, 77
Phyllopsorae, 77
Phyllosticta, 121
Phymatotrichum, 142
Phymatosphaeria, 95
Phymatosphaeriaceae, 95
Physalacria, 105
Physalospora, 27
Physcia, 84
Physciaceae, 83
Physcidia, 81
Physma, 73
Physoderma, rz
Physmatomyces, 67
Physospora, 141
Phytophthora, 17
Picoa, 97
Piersonia, 97
Piggotia, 131
Pilacre, 155
Pilacrella, 103
Pilaira, 13
Pilgeriella, 27
Pilidium, 134
Pilobolae, 13
Pilobolus, 13
Pilocarpum, 76
Pilocratera, go
Pilophorum, 78
Pilosace, 114
Pimina, 150
Pionnotes, 161
Piptocephalis, 14
Piptostoma, 51
Piptostomum, 122
Pirella, 13
Piricularia, 145
Pirobasidium, 155
Pirostoma, 131
Pirottaea, 85
Pisomyxa, 22
Pistillaria, 106
Pithomyces, 161
Pitya, 88
Placidiopsis, 42
Placographa, 68
Placolecanis, 79
Placosphaerella, 125
Placosphaeria, 123
Placothelium, 39
Placynthium, 83
Plagiotrema, a1
Planococcus, 8
Planosarcina, 8
Plasmopara, 17
Platygloea, 103
Platysticta, 64
Platystomum, 54
Plearthonis, 58
Plectania, go
Plectothrix, 142
Plenodomus, 122
Pleochaete, 22
Pleococcum, 133
Pleoconis, 73
Pleochroma, 80
Pleodothis, 49
Pleogibberella, 46
Pleoglonis, 56
Pleolecis, 76
Pleolpidium, 10
Pleomassaria, 36
Pleomeliola, 25
Pleonectria, 46
Pleophragmia, 37
Pleopyrenis, 72
Pleoravenelia, rox
Pleorinis, 84
Pleosphaeria, 37
INDEX
Pleosphaerulina, 36
Pleospilis, 69
Pleospora, 36
Pleosporopsis, 29
Pleostictis, 64
Pleotrachelus, 10
Pieurascus, 23
Pleurocybe, 72
Pleurotus, III
Pleurostoma, 26
Pleurothelium, 41
Pleurotrema, 41
Plicaria, 89
Plicariella, 89
Ploettnera, 63
Plowrightia, 49
Pluteolus, 113
Pluteus, 112
Pocillum, 87
Pocosphaeria, 34
Podaleuris, 89
Podaxae, 116
Podaxon, 117
Podocapsa, 94
Podocapsium, 94
Podochytrium, 11
Podocrea, 45
Podoloma, 117
Podosordaria, 29
Podosphaera, 22
Podosporella, 158
Podosporium, 158
Podostictina, 82
Podostroma, 44
Poecilosporium, 102
Polyangium, 8
Polyascomyces, 19
Polyblastia, 39
Polyblastiopsis, az
Polycephalum, 155
Polychidium, 74
Polydesmus, 152
Polygaster, 119
Polynema, 133
Polyphagus, 12
Polyplocium, 116
Polyporaceae, 108
Polyporus, 109
Polyrrhina, 11
Polysaccopsis, 102
Polysaccum, 119
Polyscytalum, 139
Polystictis, 109
Polystigma, 43
Polystigmina, 130
Polystomella, 51
Polystroma, 80
Polythelis, 41
Polythrincium, 151
Polytrichia, 27
Poria, 109
Porina, 40
Porocyphus, 74
Poronia, 29
Poropeltis, 131
Poroptyche, 110
Porothelium, 110
Pragmopara, 70
Prillieuxia, 107
Prismaria, 146
Pritzeliella, 155
Prophytroma, 149
Propolidium, 64
Propolina, 63
Propolis, 63
Prosthemiella, 136
Prosthemium, 127
Protococcales, 9
Protoglossum, 119
Protomerulius, 104
Protomyces, 94
Protomycetaceae, 93
Protostegia, 134
Protoventuria, 32
Protubera, 116
Psammina, 136
Psathyra, 114
Psathyrella, 114
Pseudacolium, 71
Pseudobeltrania, 151
Pseudocenangium, 134
Pseudodiplodia, 129
Pseudogenea, 96
Pseudographis, 56, 62
Pseudohydnotria, 96
Pseudolizonia, 31
221
222
Pseudomelasmia, 131
Pseudomeliola, 38
Pseudomonas, 8
Pseudopatella, 134
Pseudopeziza, 85
Pseudophacidium, 61
Pseudoplectania, go
Pseudopyrenula, 41
Pseudostictis, 130
Pseudotryblidium, 70
Pseudotrype, 43
Pseudotthia, 32
Pseudovalsa, 35
Pseudozythia, 129
Psilocybe, 114
Psilopezia, 91
Psilospora, 133
Psilothecium, 69
Psora, 77
Psorella, 77
Psoroglaena, 42
Psorographis, 59
Psoroma, 79
Psoromaria, 77
Psorotheciella, 85
Psorotheciopsis, 85
Psorotichia, 73
Pteridiospora, 31
Pterophyllus, 112
Pterula, 105
Pterygiopsis, 74
Pterygium, 74
Ptychographa, 59
Puccinia, 100
Pucciniastrum, 100
Pucciniopsis, 163
Pucciniosira, 99
Pucciniospora, 125
Pucciniostele, 100
Puiggariella, 45
Pulparia, 67
Pulveraria, 164
Pustularia, 89
Puttemansia, 90
Pycnochytrium, 10
Pycnographa, 61
Pycnostroma, 130
Pyrenastrum, 42
GENERA OF FUNGI
Pyrenidiae, 38
Pyrenidium, 38
Pyrenochaeta, 123
Pyrenocollema, 39
Pyrenopeziza, 85
Pyrenopezizae, 85
Pyrenophora, 37
Pyrenopsidae, 72
Pyrenopsidium, 72
Pyrenopsis, 72
Pyrenothamnia, 42
Pyrenotheca, 50
Pyrenotrichum, 122
Pyrenula, 40
Pyrenulae, 40
Pyrenyllium, 41
Pyrgidium, 71
Pyrgillus, 71
Pyronefma, 89
Pyronemella, 90
Pythiae, 16
Pythiopsis, 15
Pythium, 16
Pyxine, 84
Q
Quaternaria, 26
Queletia, 117
R
Rabenhorstia, 123
Racodium, 72
Radulum, 108
Ramalina, 82
Ramonia, 80
Ramularia, 145
Ramulaspera, 142
Ravenelia, 101
Ravenelula, 69
Rebentischia, 34
Reessia, 9
Rehmiella, 30
Reinkella, 60
Resticularia, 17
Rhabdospora, 127
Rhachomyces, 20
Rhacodium, 164
Rhacophyllus, 112
Rhadinomyces, 20
Rhagadolobium, 61
Rhamphoria, 36
Rhamphospora, Io1
Rhinocladium, 148
Rhinotrichum, 141
Rhipidium, 16
Rhipidonema, 107
Rhizidiae, 10
Rhizidiomyces, 11
Rhizidium, 11
Rhizina, 91
Rhizinae, 91
Rhizocarpum, 77
Rhizoctonia, 164
Rhizomorpha, 164
Rhizomyces, 20
Rhizomyxa, 16
Rhizophidium, 10
Rhizophlyctis, 10
Rhizopogon, 120
Rhizopus, 13
Rhombostilbella, 155
Rhopalidium, 136
Rhopalomyces, 139
Rhopographus, 49
Rhymbocarpus, 68
Rhynchodiplodia, 125
Rhynchomelas, 44
Rhynchomeliola, 32
Rhynchomyces, 152
Rhynchonectria, 44
Rhynchophoma, 125
Rhynchosphaeria, 34
Rhynchosporium, 144
Rhynchostoma, 32
Rhyparobius, 92
Rhytidhysterium, 56
Rhytidopeziza, 70
Rhytisma, 62
Riccoa, 158
Richonia, 24
Rickia, 21
Rickiella, 95
Riessia, 158
Rimbachia, rr1
Rinia, 27
Rinodina, 84
Robergea, 58, 65
Robillardia, 125
Roccella, 60
Roccellae, 60
Roccellaria, 60
Roccellina, 60
Roccellographa, 60
Rodwaya, 109
Roesleria, 71
Roestelia, 99
Rosellinia, 29
Rosenscheldia, 49
Rostrella, 27
Rostrupia, 100
Rotaea, 145
Roumegueriella, 128
Roussoella, 49
Rozella, ro
Ruhlandiella, 97
Russula, 111
Rutstroemia, 87
s
Saccardaea, 156
Saccardia, 22
Saccardinula, 52
Saccardoella, 33
Saccardomyces, 25
Saccharomyces, 94
Saccharomycetaceae, 94
Saccoblastia, 103
Saccobolus, 92
Saccopyrenia, 39
Sacidium, 131
Sagiolechia, 80
Samarospora, 22
Santiella, 126
Saprolegnia, 15
Saprolegniaceae, 15
Saprolegniae, 15
Sarcina, 8
Sarcinella, 154
Sarcinodochium, 161
Sarcographa, 60
Sarcographina, 60
Sarcomyces, 68
Sarcopodium, 149
Sarcoscypha, 90
INDEX
Sarcosoma, 67
Scaphidium, 134
Sceptromyces, 143
Schenckiella, 24
Schinzinia, 113
Schismatomma, 76
Schizacrospermum, 58
Schizomycetes, 7
Schizonella, 102
Schizopelte, 60
Schizophyllum, 112
Schizosaccharomyces, 94
Schizospora, 100
Schizostoma, 53
Schizothyrella, 134
Schizothyrium, 55, 61
Schizotrichum, 163
Schizoxylum, 64
Schneepia, 55
Schroeteria, 102
Schroeteriaster, 98
Schulzeria, 111
Schweinitziella, 48, 50
Sciodothis, 50
Scirrhia, 49
Scirrhiella, 48
Sclerococcum, 163
Sclerodepsis, 110
Scleroderma, 118
Sclerodermatae, 118
Scleroderris, 65
Sclerodiscus, 162
Sclerogaster, 120
Sclerographium, 158
Sclerophytum, 60
Scleroplea, 37
Sclerospora, 17
Sclerotinia, 86
Sclerotiopsis, 122
Sclerotium, 164
Scolecactis, 76
Scoleciocarpus, 119
Scolecopeltis, 52
Scolecosporis, 77
Scolecosporium, 137
Scolecotrichum, 151
Scoliciosporum, 77
Scopinella, 44
Scopularia, 150
Scorias, 25
Scoriomyces, 160
Scortechinia, 28
Scutellinia, 90
Scutelliniae, 89
Scutellum, 52
Scutula, 69
Scutularia, 70
Scytopezis, 65
Sebacina, 104
Secotium, 116
Seismosarca, 105
Selenotila, 138
Selinia, 43
Sepedonium, 142
Septobasidium, 106
Septocylindrium, 144
Septodothideopsis, 128
Septogloeum, 136
Septomyxa, 136
Septonema, 152
Septorella. 127
Septoria, 127
Septosporiella, 128
Septosporium, 153
Septotrullula, 137
Sepultaria, go
Seuratia, 25
Seynesia, 52
Seynesiopsis, 132
Shiraia, 47
Sigmoideomyces, 139
Sillia, 38
Simblum, 116
Simonyella, 60
Siphula, 82
Sirentyloma, ror
Siridiella, 137
Siridium, 137
Sirobasidium, 104
Sirococcus, 123
Sirocyphis, 130
Sirodesmium, 153
Sirodothis, 123
Siropatella, 134
Sirothecium, 124
Sirozythia, 128
223
224
Sistotrema, 108
Skepperia, 106
Skierka, 99
Stigmella, 153
Solenia, 107
Solenoplea, 30
Solorina, 75
Solorinella, 76
Solorinina, 75
Sordaria, 28
Sorokinia, 68
Sorosporella, 138
Sorosporium, 102
Sorothelia, 32
Sparassis, 105
Spathularia, 91
Spegazzinia, 163
Spegazzinula, 45
Spermodermia, 162
Sphacelia, 159
Sphacelotheca, 102
Sphaerella, 30
Sphaeriaceae, 25
Sphaeriales, 21
Sphaericeps, 117
Sphaeridium, 160
Sphaerita, 9
Sphaerioidaceae, 121
Sphaerobolus, 121
Sphaerocolla, 159
Sphaerocybis, 117
Sphaeroderma, 44
Sphaerodes, 44
Sphaerographium, 127
Sphaeromyces, 163
Sphaeronaema, 122
Sphaeronaemella, 129
Sphaeropezia, 62
Sphaerophoropsis, 77
Sphaerophorus, 72
Sphaerophragmium, ror
Sphaeropsideae, 121
Sphaeropsis, 124
Sphaerosoma, 91
Sphaerospora, 90
Sphaerosporium, 158
Sphaerostilbe, 45
Sphaerostilbella, 44
GENERA OF FUNGI
Sphaerotheca, 22
Sphaerulina, 33
Sphaleromyces, 20
Spheconisca, 39
Sphinctrina, 71
Spicaria, 143
Spicularia, 140
Spilomium, 162
Spilonema, 74
Spilopezis, 85
Spinellus, 13
Spira, 153
Spirillaceae, 7
Spirillum, 8
Spirochaete, 8
Spirographa, 59
Spirogyrales, 12
Spirosoma, 8
Spolverinia, 27
Spondylocladium, 152
Sporendonema, 149
Sporochisma, 152
Sporocybe, 157
Sporocystis, 161
Sporoderma, 159
Sporodesmium, 153
Sporodinia, 13
Sporoglena, 148
Sporomega, 57
Sporonema, 133
Sporopodium, 75
Sporormia, 35
Sporostatia, 77
Sporotrichella, 142
Sporotrichum, 141
Spragueola, gr
Spumatoria, 30
Squamotubera, 29
Stachybotryella, 147
Stachybotrys, 147
Stachylidium, 150
Stagonopsis, 129
Stagonospora, 126
Stamnaria, 67
Starbaeckia, 69
Staurochaeta, 123
Staurothele, 39
Steganosporium, 137
Stegia, 61, 63
Steinera, 74
Stella, 117
Stemmaria, 157
Stemphyliopsis, 145
Stemphylium, 153
Stenocybe, 71
Stephanoma, 164
Stephensia, 97
Stereochlamys, 41
Stereocaulum, 78
Stereum, 106
Sterigmatocystis, 140
Sterile mycelia, 164
Stichomyces, 19
Stichopsora, 100
Sticta, 81
Stictidaceae, 62
Stictina, 82
Stictis, 64
Stictoclypeolum, 85
Stictophacidium, 63
Stigmatea, 30
Stigmatella, 160
Stigmatomyces, 20
Stigmatula, 27
Stigmella, 153
Stigmina, 151
Stilbaceae, 154
Stilbocrea, 45
Stilbomyces, 156
Stilbonectria, 46
Stilbospora, 137
Stilbothamnium, 157
Stilbum, 155
Stirochaete, 150
Strasseria, 122
Streptococcus, 8
Streptotheca, 92
Streptothrix, 148
Strigula, az
Strigulae, 41
Strobilomyces, 109
Stromne, 44
Stropharia, 114
Strumella, 162
Stuartella, 35
Stylobates, 111 *
Stypella, 104
Stypinella, 103
Stysanus, 157
Suillus, 109
Sydowia, 34
Symphyosira, 156
Synalissa, 72
Synarthonia, 60
Syncephalastrum, 14
Syncephalidae, 14
Syncephalis, 14
Synchytriae, 10
Synchytrium, 10
Synglonium, 56
Synsporium, 147
Synthetospora, 145
T
Taeniophora, 134
Tapellaria, 75
Tapesia, 85
Taphridium, 93
Taphrina, 93
Tarichium, 14
Tarzetta, 89
Telimena, 49
Teratomyces, 21
Terfezia, 98
Terfeziopsis, 97
Testicularia, 119
Testudina, 24
Tetrachytrium, 11
Tetracium, 146
Tetracladium, 146
Tetracoccosporis, 153
Tetracoccosporium, 153
Tetraploa, 153
Thamnidium, 13
Thamnolia, 82
Thaxteria, 31
Thecophora, 102
Thecopsora, 100
Thecospora, 160
Thecostroma, 135
Thelebolus, 92
Thelenidia, 39
Thelephora, 106
INDEX
Thelephoraceae, 106
Thelidium, 39
Thelocarpum, 43
Theloporus, 110
Thelopsis, 41
Theloschistes, 83
Thelotrema, 80
Thelotremae, 80
Thermomyces, 141
Thermutis, 74
Therrya, 38
Thielavia, 23
Thielaviopsis, 149
Thiothrix, 7
Tholurna, 72
Thoracella, 125
Thozetia, 160
Thraustotheca, 15
Thrombium, 40
Thuemenella, 44
Thwaitesiella, 108
Thyrea, 73
Thyridaria, 35
Thyridella, 36
Thyridium, 37
Thyronectria, 46
Thyrsidium, 136
Thysanothecium, 78
Tiarospora, 125
Tichospora, 37
Tichosporella, 36
Tichothecium, 32
Tilachlidium, 155
Tilletia, ror
Tilotus, 112
Tirmania, 97
Titaea, 146
Titania, 35
Tjibodasia, 103
Tolypomyria, 142
Tolyposporella, 102
Tolyposporium, 102
Tomasiella, 42
Toninia, 77
Torrendia, 119
Torrubiella, 47
Torsellia, 123
Torula, 147
225
Torulina, 147
Toxosporium, 137
Trabutia, 28
Trachyxylaria, 32
Tracyella, 131
Trametes, 110
Treleasia, 45
Treléasiella, 129
Trematosphaeria, 35
Trematosphaeriopsis, 35
Trematosphaeris, 35
Tremella, 104
Tremellaceae, 103
Tremellae, 103
Tremellastrum, 105
Tremellodendron, 104
Tremellcdon, 107
Tremellopsis, 105
Tremotylium, 80
Trichaegum, 153
Trichaleuris, go
Trichaster, 118
Trichobelonium, 85
Trichobotrys, 147
Trichocladium, 151
Trichocollonema, 127
Trichoconis, 145
Trichocrea, 130
Trichoderma, 140
Trichodytes, 137
Tricholoma, 111
Trichopeltis, 52
Trichopeltium, 131
Trichopeltulum, 131
Trichophila, 131
Trichophyma, 95
Trichopsora, 100
Trichoscypha, 90
Trichoseptoria, 127
Trichosperma, 130
Trichosphaerella, 27
Trichosphaeria, 27
Trichosporium, 148
Trichostroma, 162
Trichotheca, 158
Trichothecium, 144
Trichothelium, 42
Trichothyrium, 53
226
Trichotrema, 41
Trichurus, 157
Tridentaria, 146
Triglyphium, 161
Trigonosporium, 122
Trimmatostroma, 163
Trimmatothele, 39
Trinacrium, 146
Triphragmium, Io1
Triplicaria, 162
Tripospora, 54
Triposporium, 154
Trochila, 63
Trogia, 112.
Troposporella, 164
Troposporium, 162
Trullula, 136
Tryblidaria, 70
Tryblidiaceae, 65
Tryblidiella, 57, 66
Tryblidiopsis, 65
Tryblidis, 65
Tryblidium, 56, 65
Trypetheliae, 42
Trypethelium, 42
Tubaria, 113
Tuber, 97
Tuberaceae, 96
Tuberales, 94
Tubercularia, 159
Tuberculariaceae, 158
Tuberculina, 159
Tubeufia, 47
Tuburcinia, 102
Tulasnellaceae, 107
Tylophorella, 71
Tylophorum, 71
Tylopilus, 109
Tylostoma, 117
Tympanis, 66
Tympanopsis, 29
Typhula, 106
U
Uleomyces, 47
Ulocolla, 104
Umbilicaria, 77
Uncigera, 143
INDEX
Uncinula, 22
Underwoodia, 91
Uredinaceae, 98
Uredinales, 98
Uredinopsis, 100
Uredo, 99
Urnula, 65, 89
Urobasidium, 107
Uroconis, 126
Urocystis, 102
Urohendersonia, 126
Uromyces, 98
Uromycodes, 98
Urophlyctis, 12
Uropyxis, 99
Urospora, 27
Urosporella, 27
Urosporium, 152
Usnea, 82
Usneae, 81
Ustilaginaceae, I0r
Ustilaginula, 102
Ustilago, roz
Ustilagopsis, 102
Ustilina, 29
Vv
Valsa, 26
Valsaria, 33
Valsella, 26
Varicellaria, 80
Vaucheriales, 14
Velutaria, 86
Venturia, 31
Vermicularia, 123
Vermiculariella, 125
Verpa, 91
Verrucaria, 39
Verrucariaceae, 38
Verrucariae, 39
Verticicladium, 150
Verticilliae, 142
Verticilliopsis, 143
Verticillium, 143
Vialaea, 38
Vibrissea, 91
Virgaria, 148
Vizella, 51
Volutella, 160
Volutellaria, 160
Volutina, 160
Volvaria, 112
Volvariella, 113
Volvoboletus, 108
WwW
Wallrothiella, 27
Weinmannodora, 124
Willia, 94
Winteria, 36, 37
Winterina, 33
Wojnowicia, 126
Woodiella, 69
Woronina, 10
Xx
Xanthocarpia, 84
Xanthoria, 83
Xenodochus, 100
Xenopus, 141
Xenosporium, 153
Xerotus, 112
Xylaria, 29
Xylariodiscus, 29
Xylobotryum, 32
Xyloceras, 32
Xylocladium, 157
Xylocrea, 44
Xyloglyphis, 64
Xylogramma, 64
Xylographa, 59, 63
Xylopodium, 119
Xyloschistes, 59
Xylostroma, 164
Y
Yoshinagaia, 51
Ypsilonia, 122
Zz
Zaghouania, 98
Zignoella, 33
Zignoina, 27
Zimmermanniella, 48
Zodiomyces, 21
Zopfia, 24
Zukalia, 24
Zukalina, 92
Zukaliopsis, 24
INDEX
Zygochytriae, 12
Zygochytrium, 12
Zygodesmus, 148
Zygosaccharomyces, 94
227
Zygosporium, 150
Zythia, 128
Zythiaceae, 128
Zythiae, 128
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