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CORNELL 

UNIVERSITY 

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CORNELL  UNIVERSITY  ,LIBR ARY 


3   1924  092  229  347 


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PROOF    EDITION 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN: 


THE   RECORD   OF   THE   PROGRESS  OF   THE 
BROOKLYN    DAILY    EAGLE 

ISSUED    IN   COMMEMORATION    OF   ITS  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  AND    OCCUPANCY    OF    ITS 
NEW    BUILDING;    TOGETHER    WITH    THE 


History  of  the  City  of  Brooklyn 


FROM    ITS   SETTLEMENT    TO    THE    PRESENT    TIME 


EDITED     BY 


HENRY    W.    B.    HOWARD 

ASSISTED  BY  ARTHUR  N.  JERVIS 


volunie:    two. 


PUBLISHED    BY 

THE   BROOKLYN   DAILY    EAGLE 
1893 


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The  Eagle  Printing  House 


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Copyright 

BY 
THE  BROOKLYN   DAILY  EAGLE. 


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The  Uniov  for  Ciirisii\n  \\(ikk 
£/s<pa'  a/j-o  as  the  Headqiiarlers  of  the  Brooklyn  Bureau  of  Charities. 


CHARITABLE  SOCIETIES  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


LL  large  cities  have  many  social  problems  to  solve,  but  none  requires  more 
careful  thought  and  attention  than  that  relating  to  the  care  of  the  poor  and 
needy.  The  city,  with  public  funds,  maintains  hospitals  and  asylums,  homes 
for  paupers,  prisons  for  criminals,  and  reformatories  for  wayward  youths;  but 
there  is  a  very  large  class  of  people  to  be  cared  for  who  are  not  outcasts, 
criminals  or  paupers,  and,  even  if  they  had  a  claim  on  public  charity,  are  deserv- 
ing of  better  homes  and  better  treatment  than  the  city  or  county  institutions 
would  afford  them.  No  panacea  for  poverty  has  ever  been  discovered,  and  so 
it  has  devolved  upon  one  class  of  people  to  help  provide  for  the  necessities  of 
another  class — the  unfortunates.  There  is  no  escaping  this  duty.  The  only 
question  is  how  best  to  perform  it.  Promiscuous  and  indiscriminate  alms-giving  is  often  productive  of  more 
harm  than  good.  Not  only  does  it  encourage  pauperism,  but,  by  helping  the  undeserving,  it  tends  to  lessen 
the  sympathies  of  those  who  are  moved  to  charitable  giving.  The  idea  is  now  growing  into  prevalence  that 
only  by  means  of  responsible  organizations,  thoroughly  equipped  and  intelligently  managed,  can  this  work 
be  properly  done;  and  no  city  in  America  is  to-day  doing  this  kind  of  charitable  work  better  than  Brooklyn. 
Her  charitable  institutions  are  numerous  and  cover  almost  every  case  that  should  be  reached.  Like  New 
York  city,  Brooklyn  has  an  unusually  heavy  burden  to  bear  because  of  the  large  influ.x  of  immigrants  from 
other  countries.  When  the  unfortunate  foreigner  becomes  stranded  within  the  city  precincts  he  must  be 
cared  for  in  some  way,  even  if  he  is  not  a  citizen  and  has  no  just  claim  on  any  of  the  city's  eleemosynary 
institutions.  It  is  no  easy  matter  to  classify  or  reduce  to  numbers  the  organized  charities  of  the  city. 
Every  church,  Catholic  and  Protestant,  and  every  synagogue  is,  in  a  degree,  a  charitable  organization.  The 
innumerable  circles  of  King's  Daughters,  the  "  relief  committees,"  "helping  hand  "  societies  and  kindred 
organizations,  are  all  more  or  less  engaged  in  the  work  of  relieving  human  suffering.  There  are  also  many 
hundred  secret  and  benefit  societies,  like  the  Masons,  the  Odd  Fellows,  the  Royal  Arcanum,  the  Legion  of 


6^8  THE    EAGLE   AND    BROOKLYN. 

Honor  and  other  such  fraternities,  reaching  into  nearly  every  family  in  the  city,  each  one  of  which  is,  to  an 
extent  a  charitable  organization.  The  Grand  Army  posts,  too,  are  particularly  noted  for  their  chanties.  All 
these  philanthropic  agencies  are  more  or  less  restricted  to  the  relief  of  their  own  members,  thus  assuming 
burdens  that  otherwise  would  fall  elsewhere.  Apart  from  all  such  specialized  kinds  of  charity,  there  are 
several  organizations  for  relieving  and  aiding  the  needy  irrespective  of  class,  age  or  sex.  Two  of  these  are 
of  a  character  which  render  them  equal  or  superior  to  any  similar  organization  in  the  country,  and  their  work 
is  conducted  on  a  scale  which  extends  their  work  throughout  the  entire  city  and  gains  for  them  liberal 
support  For  the  purpose  of  concise  and  comprehensive  mention  of  Brooklyn's  charitable  organizations 
and  their  respective  aims,  they  are  here  classified  under  five  general  heads.  First,  societies  whose  object  is 
the  general  relief  of  the  poor;  second,  such  as  give  special  attention  to  the  care  of  children;  third,  those 
that  give  aid  to  needy  women;  fourth,  institutions  devoted  to  the  care  of  the  aged  and  indigent;  and  fifth, 
societies  engaged  in  miscellaneous  charitable  work. 

FOR  THE   GENERAL  RELIEF   OF  THE   POOR. 

First  under  this  head,  by  reason  of  the  comprehensive  character  of  its  work,  is  the  Brooklyn  Bureau 
OF  Charities.  It  was  founded  in  1879  and  incorporated  in  1887.  The  first  president  was  the  Hon.  Seth 
Low,  and  associated  with  him  was  A.  T.  White,  as  secretary.  The  work  of  the  society  at  the  outset  was 
confined,  principally,  to  keeping  a  register  of  the  names,  addresses  and  description  of  those  who  were  receiv- 
ing relief  from  the  public  treasury,  as  well  as  from  private  sources  and  churches.  Personal  visits  were  made 
to  those  who  claimed  they  were  in  need  of  assistance.  It  was  found  that  one  of  the  chief  causes  of  distress 
among  the  lower  classes  was  lack  of  employment.  To  offset,  in  some  measure,  this  difficulty,  the  society 
started  a  woodyard  in  1884,  where  such  men  as  applied  were  set  to  work,  being  paid  enough  to  keep  them 
from  starving  or  having  to  wander  about  the  streets.  The  scope  of  the  work  has  grown  larger  and  larger, 
and  within  the  twelve  months  ending  in  May,  1892,  $2,858.58  was  paid  out  in  wages.  For  convenience  the 
city  has  been  divided  by  the  bureau  into  three  sections.  The  central  offices  are  at  69  Schermerhorn  street, 
where  workrooms  and  a  laundry  (for  the  employment  of  women),  a  day  nursery,  etc.,  are  in  successful  opera- 
tion. The  offices  for  the  eastern  section  of  the  city  are  located  in  the  new  Industrial  Building,  at  1658-60 
Fulton  street.  In  the  rear  of  this  building,  extending  to  Herkimer  street,  is  a  woodyard  for  the  temporary 
employment  of  men  in  need  of  work.  The  district  office  for  all  that  portion  of  the  city  north  of  Flushing 
avenue  is  at  No.  50  South  Eighth  street.  In  the  rear  of  this,  and  at  52  and  54  South  Eighth  street,  is  another 
woodyard.  Anyone,  whether  a  subscriber  to  the  bureau  or  not,  is  invited  to  send  applicants  for  relief  to 
some  one  of  the  offices  mentioned.  They  are  kept  open  until  10  P.  M.,  and  no  distinction  is  made  on 
account  of  race,  religion,  sex  or  age. 

Union  for  Christian  Work. — Several  meetings  of  persons  favoring  the  formation  of  a  liberal  Chris- 
tian Union  in  Brooklyn  resulted  on  Tuesday  evening,  November  20,  1866,  in  an  organization  of  which 
Isaac  H.  Frothingham  was  elected  president,  and  this  organization  exists  as  the  Union  for  Christian  Work. 
The  presidents,  in  the  order  of  their  service,  have  been  Isaac  H.  Frothingham,  Robert  Foster,  Chas.  P. 
Gerrish,  Sylvester  Swain,  Ripley  Ropes,  Josiah  B.  Blossom,  who  served  two  years,  and  Robert  Foster,  who 
was  elected  in  1S72  and  has  served  continuously  until  the  present  time.  The  place  first  selected  for 
meetings  of  the  society  and  for  the  reading  room,  which  was  at  once  opened,  was  a  large  room  in  the 
Hamilton  building  on  Court  street.  In  June,  1871,  the  society  was  incorporated  under  the  title  of  the 
L'nion  for  Christian  Work.  For  many  years,  notably  during  the  presidency  of  Ripley  Ropes,  in  1870,  news- 
boys, homeless  youth  and  others  from  humble  homes  were  gathered  every  evening  in  the  rooms  of  the 
Union,  where,  for  one  hour,  they  received  instruction  in  some  of  the  more  important  branches  of  a  common 
school  education.  These  classes  were  not  disbanded  until  the  Board  of  Education  had  made  generous  pro- 
vision for  evening  schools.  The  Union  maintained  for  a  dozen  years  or  more  a  large  sewing  school,  which 
was  eventually  discontinued,  because  the  board  of  managers,  in  view  of  the  fact  that  similar  schools  were 
numerous  in  every  quarter  of  the  city,  did  not  feel  warranted  in  devoting  to  the  school  in  the  new  building 
room  which  was  needed  for  the  extension  of  the  rapidly  growing  library.  For  five  years  previous  to  1880 
Mr.  Geo.  T.  Clark  filled  with  fidelity  and  success  the  office  of  superintendent  of  the  Union.  During  this 
period  he  rendered  creditable  service  in  furnishing  employment  and  in  devising  various  methods  to  lift 
those  in  straitened  circumstances  out  of  their  want  and  wretchedness.  His  shoe  shop  connected  with 
the  Union  was  recognized  by  hundreds  as  a  very  helpful  agency.  In  1877  the  proprietors  of  two  wood 
yards  in  the  city  were  persuaded,  at  great  inconvenience  to  themselves,  to  discontinue  the  use  of  steam 
power  and  have  the  work  of  preparing  kindling  wood  done  by  hand.  The  object  of  this  was  to  make  the 
sawing  and  splitting  of  wood  a  "  labor  test"  for  able-bodied  persons  who  applied  at  the  Union  rooms,  or  to 
friends  of  the  Union,  for  money  or  work.  Messrs.  Seth  Low  and  A.  T.  White,  each  afterwards  president  of 
the  Bureau  of  Charities,  devised  this  scheme  of  benevolence  and  met  the  attendant  expense.  In  the  year 
iSSo  Wm.  A.  Butler  was  appointed  superintendent  of  the  Union,  and  the  most  important  function  of  his 


CHARITABLE    SOCIETIES   AND    INSTITUTIONS.  649 

office  has  been  the  providing  of  employment  for  all  worthy  seekers.  Employers  in  Brooklyn  and  New  York 
soon  learned  to  trust  the  recommendations  of  Superintendent  Butler,  and  within  the  past  ten  years  he  has 
been  able  to  respond  favorably  to  nearly  twenty-two  thousand  applications  for  employment,  placing  very 
many  of  those  thus  aided  in  permanent  situations.  The  Union  has  since  1866  continually  maintained  at 
least  one  reading  room,  and  for  several  years  it  has  kept  two  rooms  open  to  all  residents  of  Brooklyn.  In 
December,  1880,  the  library  was  opened  as  a  free  circulating  library.  The  city  government  has  each  year 
for  four  years  appropriated  |s,ooo  towards  the  maintenance  of  the  library.  This  action  is  in  accordance 
with  the  provisions  of  the  Library  Act  passed  by  the  state  legislature  in  1886.  The  Union  building,  at  67 
and  69  Schermerhorn  street,  was  erected  by  the  board  of  managers  of  the  Union.  It  was  paid  for  as  it  was 
built  and  with  funds  contributed  for  the  purpose  by  the  citizens  of  Brooklyn.  The  property  of  the  Union, 
its  building  with  the  furnishings,  and  its  large  library  with  its  costly  appurtenances,  is  clear  of  any  incum- 
brance whatever.  Only  one-half  of  the  building  is  at  present  occupied  by  the  Union,  the  other  half  being 
leased  to  the  Bureau  of  Charities.  The  officers  of  the  Union  include  Robert  Foster,  president ;  William  C. 
Gardner,  secretary  ;  Isaac  H.  Cary,  treasurer. 

Little  sympathy  need  be  wasted  on  the  individual  who  is  able  to  work  and  will  not  when  he  has  the 
opportunity.  But  there  are  very  many  cases  where  immediate  relief  is  necessary,  either  in  money  or  in 
food  and  fuel,  and  to  such  the  Brooklyn  Association  for  Improving  the  Condition  of  the  Poor 
extends  the  necessary  assistance.  It  was  organized  in  October,  1843,  by  a  number  of  public  spirited  citizens 
for  the  purpose  of  considering  the  adoption  of  measures  for  the  relief  of  worthy  people  in  temporary  dis- 
tress. The  first  officers  were  Seth  Low,  president  ;  Abraham  Halsey,  treasurer  ;  James  How,  recording 
secretary  ;  Stephen  Crowell,  corresponding  secretary  and  general  agent.  The  association  was  incorporated 
on  October  20,  1864  ;  the  names  of  the  incorporators  being  R.  W.  Ropes,  Dwight  Johnson,  Richard  P.  Buck, 
Samuel  Bayliss,  Arnold  A.  Lewis,  E.  E.  Bowen,  John  Avila,  James  H.  Storrs,  D.  T.  Leverich,  A.  T.  Baldwin, 
Alphonso  Wood,  A.  D.  Wheelock  and  A.  D.  Matthews.  The  principles  and  objects  of  the  association  were 
generally  defined  to  be  "to  elevate  the  moral  and  physical  condition  of  the  worthy  poor,  and,  as  far  as 
possible,  relieve  their  necessities."  The  aim  of  the  association  was  not  to  supersede  existing  charities  but 
to  supplement  them,  and  to  help  those  who  were  willing  to  help  themselves.  On  June  2,  1873,  the  premises 
on  Livingston  street,  then  numbered  108,  were  purchased.  The  building  was  a  two-story  frame  house,  and 
there  the  association  had  its  quarters  until  May,  1881,  when  an  adjoining  lot  was  bought,  the  frame  house 
removed  and  a  four-story  brick  building  erected,  at  a  cost  of  about  $25,000.  In  May,  1891,  the  association 
purchased  for  $6,000  a  plot  of  land  on  the  west  side  of  Throop  avenue,  between  Gates  avenue  and  Quincy 
street,  and  erected  a  large  three-story  brick  building,  which  is  known  as  the  branch  headquarters  of  the 
association.  The  headquarters  of  the  association  on  Livingston  street  consist  of  a  building  containing 
three  stories  besides  basement  and  attic.  On  the  first  floor  is  the  reception  room  for  applicants,  the  general 
waiting  room,  the  general  agent's  receiving  office,  and  the  depot  for  supplies  ;  the  second  floor  contains  the 
general  offices  and  a  large  meeting  room,  and  on  the  third  is  the  clothing  department,  in  which  is  a  com- 
modious waiting  room  for  women  and  a  "  cutting  out  "  room.  An  important  part  of  the  work  performed  by 
the  association  is  under  the  direction  of  the  ladies'  clothing  committee.  This  committee  was  organized  in 
December,  1882,  by  eight  ladies.  Goods,  consisting  of  calico,  muslin,  flannel,  batting,  etc.,  were  purchased, 
at  wholesale  prices,  cut  into  patterns  and  given  to  women  who  had  applied  for  work.  The  women  receive 
tickets  or  vouchers  for  work  performed,  and  on  presenting  them  to  the  general  agent  receive  orders  for 
provisions  or  clothing.  This  system  results  in  making  the  better  class  of  women  feel  that  they  have  earned 
the  help  they  receive,  and  the  result  is  advantageous  to  the  association  as  well  as  to  the  workers.  Some 
idea  of  the  work  of  the  association  can  be  derived  from  the  fact  that  9,974  families  and  44,933  individuals 
were  helped  in  1890.  Grocery  orders  to  the  number  of  4,393  were  given  out,  also  640  tons  of  coal,  1,567 
pairs  of  shoes  and  rubbers,  and  150  garments,  besides  a  great  many  other  articles.  The  membership 
exceeded  4,000  in  1892. 

St.  Phebe's  Mission,  which  is  one  of  the  local  institutions  of  the  Protestan;  Episcopal  Church,  held 
its  first  formal  meeting  February  8,  1882.  The  first  board  of  managers  consisted  of  Miss  Harriette  Low, 
president ;  Mrs.  Augustus  Evans,  secretary  ;  Miss  Cornelia  King,  treasurer.  Although  the  mission  has  had 
a  formal  existence  of  only  a  decade,  its  real  birth  occurred  nearly  a  score  of  years  before.  In  1S60  Mrs. 
Fellows,  wife  of  a  disabled  clergyman,  began  regular  visits  to  the  city  jail,  to  hospitals  and  other  institu- 
tions receiving  compensation  from  friends.  In  January,  1869,  Bishop  A.  N.  Littlejohn  appointed  Mrs.  Fel- 
lows a  city  missionary  at  a  yearly  salary  of  $500.  Soon  after  this  Mrs.  Fellows  was  forced  to  abandon  her 
labors  on  account  of  age,  and  she  was  relieved  by  Sister  Eliza,  of  the  Order  of  St.  John  the  Evangelist. 
Sister  Eliza  visited  the  unfortunate  inmates  of  the  county  buildings  at  Flatbush,  the  penitentiary,  city  jail 
and  in  hospitals.  The  women  of  the  diocese  began  to  take  an  active  interest  in  the  work,  and  it  was 
decided  that  a  mission  house  was  needed — a  place  to  which  supplies  could  be  sent  for  the  sick  and  the 


65° 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


St.  Phebe's  Mission. 


poor,  where  a  resort  for  the  sick  poor  could  be  established,  and  where  discharged  inmates  of  the  different 
institutions  could  remain  until  suitable  occupations  could  be  found  for  them.  On  February  8,  1882,  the 
house  at   10  Lafayette  avenue  was  occupied  and  consecrated.     In  1884,  Miss  Low,  the  president  of  the 

charity,  was  removed  by  death.  In 
May,  1886,  St.  Phebe's  Mission  began 
the  occupancy  of  its  memorial  building 
at  125  De  Kalb  avenue.  The  building 
was  presented  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  A.  A. 
Low  as  a  memorial  of  their  daughter, 
Harriette.  The  entire  expense,  not  of 
construction  alone  but  of  furnishings 
and  equipments  as  well,  was  borne  by 
the  donors.  The  field  covered  by  the 
mission  has  naturally  outgrown  its  orig- 
inal size.  One  of  the  branches  is  the 
Fresh  Air  Work.  In  the  summer  of 
1891  four  hundred  and  sixty-seven  per- 
sons were  sent  to  the  country  and  many 
free  excursions  to  the  various  beaches 
and  up  the  Hudson  river  were  given. 
Dinners  were  given  at  the  Mission,  and 
families  were  supplied  with  wholesome 
meals,  sent  to  their  homes.  In  addition 
to  food,  potted  plants  are  freely  dis- 
tributed. Bibles,  prayer  books,  maga- 
zines and  newspapers  are  distributed;  lodgings  are  provided  at  places  other  than  the  Mission  House,  owing 
to  its  crowded  condition,  and  prescriptions  are  freely  compounded  for  the  sick,  who  are  visited  by  the 
nurse.  During  the  year  ending  April  i,  1892,  4,418  prescriptions  were  furnished,  and  the  expense  of  thirty- 
five  burials  was  borne  by  the  Mission.  During  the  year  43,278  persons  were  helped  by  the  Mission,  18,028 
were  visited  and  assisted,  and  5,370  meals  were  furnished.  Physicians,  to  the  number  of  twenty-three, 
gratuitously  gave  their  professional  services  when  called  upon  to  do  so.  St.  Phebe's  Mission  is  doing  its 
extensive  and  noble  work  without  regard  to  race,  creed  or  color. 

The  German  Evangelical  Home  had  its  inception  at  a  meeting  held  September  12,  1877,  by  the 
ladies  of  a  missionary  society  of  the  First  German  Presbyterian  Church.  The  permanent  organization  was 
completed  on  December  9,  1S7S,  and  the  following  officers  were  elected  :  Mrs.  Maria  A.  Miller,  president; 
Miss  Eliza  Loch,  vice-president  ;  Miss  Caroline  Nienaber,  secretary  ;  Miss  Louisa  Moerschal,  treasurer. 
The  purpose  of  the  German  Evangelical  Aid  Society  is  to  provide  the  necessaries  of  life  and  employment 
for  such  persons  as  may  need  this  care  and  who  are  members  of  the  German  Evangelical  churches  of 
Brooklyn.  The  society  was  incorporated  on  March  28,  1879,  by  Mrs.  Maria  A.  Miller,  Mrs.  Catherine 
Elsasser,  Mrs.  Augusta  Duerholz,  Mrs.  Catherine  Miihlbaur  and  Mrs.  Philipine  Achtewath.  One  of  the 
chief  promoters  of  the  society  was  Prof.  George  C.  Seibert,  D.  D.,  Ph.  D.,  who  delivered  lectures  and  worked 
industriously  for  the  advancement  of  the  cause.  In  January,  188 r,  a  large  tract  of  land  was  purchased  on 
the  corner  of  Bushwick  avenue  and  Fairfax  street,  and  the  present  building  was  begun,  the  corner-stone 
being  laid  on  October  15,  1882.  The  building  was  occupied  in  the  following  February.  Meanwhile  the 
work  had  been  carried  on  in  a  small  house  at  No.  79  Himrod  street.  The  doors  of  the  institution  were 
opened  on  April  r,  1881.  Mrs.  Maria  A.  Miller  was  appointed  matron,  a  position  she  now  fills.  On  July  5, 
1885,  the  corner-stone  of  a  large  addition  to  the  original  building  was  laid,  and  the  work  was  completed  the 
following  September.  About  the  same  time  additional  land  was  purchased  and  within  two  years  the 
necessity  for  larger  quarters  resulted  in  the  erection  of  another  wing.  In  1877  ten  more  lots  were  pur- 
chased on  the  corner  of  Bushwick  avenue  and  Moffat  street,  and  in  1891  yet  another  building  was  erected 
at  a  cost  of  over  $17,500,  with  a  stable  and  a  laundry.  The  financial  condition  of  the  Home  is  excellent, 
its  property  being  valued  at  $110,000. 

The  Brooklyn  Benevolent  Society  was  organized  in  1845  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  out  the  pro- 
visions of  a  trust  left  by  Cornelius  Heeney,  who  gave  for  charitable  purposes  151  lots  of  land  lying  between 
Hicks,  Columbia,  Congress  and  Henry  streets.  By  the  provisions  of  the  trust  the  income  of  this  property 
was  to  be  expended  for  the  relief  of  the  poor,  an  especial  sum  being  set  apart  for  the  benefit  of  orphan 
children.  The  headquarters  of  the  society  are  at  No.  84  Amity  street.  The  funds  are  spent  principally 
among  the  Catholic  poor,  and  the  bishop  of  the  diocese  is  president  of  the  society. 


CHARITABLE    SOCIETIES   AND    INSTITUTIONS.  651 

For  the  purpose  of  assisting  the  needy  through  a  judiciously  regulated  system  of  relief  there  are  two 
Hebrew  benevolent  societies  in  this  city,  one  having  its  headquarters  at  272  Dean  street,  and  another  at 
93  South  Ninth  street.  Food,  clothing  and  fuel  are  furnished  the  worthy  poor,  the  society  deriving  its 
income  from  the  dues  of  members  and  the  contributions  of  the  charitable. 

.  In  all  parts  of  the  world  where  the  Roman  Catholic  Church  has  a  foot-hold  the  Society  of  St.  Vincent 
DE  Paul  has  its  conferences  and  councils,  and  their  members  devote  themselves  to  doing  good.  They  visit 
the  poor  in  their  homes,  carrying  means  of  relief  when  it  is  needed  and  assisting,  when  they  can,  in  the 
instruction  of  poor  children.  All  this  work  is  voluntary.  The  society  was  organized  in  Paris,  France, 
nearly  sixty  years  ago  and  is  governed  by  a  council-general  which  is  located  in  that  city.  The  council  of 
Brooklyn  includes  thirty-one  conferences.  Each  conference  is  connected  with  one  of  the  churches  in  the 
diocese  and  is  under  the  supervision  of  a  clergyman  as  spiritual  director,  all  the  other  officers  being  lay- 
men. The  council  of  Brooklyn  is  composed  of  the  presidents  and  vice-presidents  of  the  several  conferences 
within  the  district  it  governs.  The  first  of  these  conferences,  that  of  St.  James,  was  organized  on  January 
10,  185s,  by  the  late  Right  Rev.  John  Loughlin,  D.  D.,  and  the  organization  of  other  conferences  soon  fol- 
lowed. The  council  was  formed  on  September  9,  1857.  The  aggregate  membership  of  the  conferences  in 
the  diocese  of  Brooklyn  is  six  hundred  and  fifty-seven,  and  the  present  officers  of  the  council  are  Rev.  P.  J. 
McNamara,  spiritual  director;  T.  W.  Hynes,  president  ;  Thomas  G.  Mulligan,  vice-president;  Christopher 
J.  Dellahunt,  secretary  ;  Alfred  J.  Hook,  assistant  secretary  ;  Patrick  O'Connor,  treasurer.  The  aggregate 
income  of  the  conferences  amounts  to  more  than  twenty  thousand  dollars,  derived  from  poor  bo.xes  in  the 
churches,  donations,  collections  at  meetings  and  similar  sources.  In  the  thirty-seven  years  of  their  exist- 
ence the  Brooklyn  conferences  have  expended  about  seven  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars  in  benefi- 
cence ;  and,  although  it  is  distinctively  a  Roman  Catholic  organization,  the  Society  of  St.  Vincent  de  Paul 
allows  no  considerations  of  creed,  race  or  sex  to  limit  the  scope  of  its  well-doing.  Under  the  auspices  of 
the  society  there  is  maintained  an  institution  for  boys  known  as  St.  Vincent's  Home  for  Boys,  which  is  in  a 
prosperous  condition.  Visitations  to  inmates  of  the  county  jail,  the  penitentiary  and  the  Home  for  Truants 
are  made  regularly  by  members  and  there  is  a  thorough  and  extensive  system  of  visitation  of  the  poor, 
attended  by  the  judicious  distribution  of  food,  fuel,  clothing  and  money.  The  last  annual  report  shows 
that  during  the  year  22,425  visits  were  made  to  1,765  families,  with  the  result  of  affording  needed  relief  to 
an  aggregate  of  7,860  persons  ;  the  disbursements  included  $13,461  for  groceries  and  fuel,  $1,233  ^^r  cloth- 
ing, $788  for  funeral  expenses  and  $2,306  in  cash  to  worthy  recipients,  besides  money  contributed  to  St.  Vin- 
cent's Home,  St.  Mary's  Hospital  and  for  other  charitable  purposes. 

The  State  Charities  Aid  Association  was  formed  in  May,  1872,  with  headquarters  in  New  York, 
for  the  two-fold  object  of  promoting  an  active  public  interest  in  the  state  charities,  with  a  view  to  the 
physical,  mental  and  moral  improvement  of  their  pauper  inmates,  and  of  making  more  efficient  the  present 
system  of  caring  for  paupers  and  bringing  about  such  reforms  as  may  be  in  accordance  with  the  most 
enlightened  views  of  Christianity,  science  and  philanthropy.  The  system  includes  the  central  organization 
and  a  number  of  local  visiting  committees,  the  latter  making  regular  reports  to  the  central  association;  these 
reports  are  regarded  by  the  state  commissioners  as  being  of  sufficient  value  to  be  received  and  acted  upon 
as  if  they  were  official.  The  membership  is  composed  very  largely  of  women  and  nearly  all  the  offices  are 
held  by  them,  although  there  is  an  advisory  board  composed  of  a  number  of  leading  clergymen,  physicians 
and  other  citizens.  The  Brooklyn  branch  of  the  association  is  known  as  the  Local  Visiting  Committee  for 
Kings  County  Public  Institutions.  It  was  organized  October  14,  1873,  and  Mrs.  J.  S.  T.  Stranahan  has  been 
president  from  the  beginning.  The  work  is  laid  out  systematically  and  every  one  of  the  charitable  institu- 
tions in  Brooklyn  is  under  the  supervision  of  a  standing  committee  which  makes  regular  visits.  Every 
member  of  the  organization  is  required  to  serve  on  one  of  these  committees  and  there  is  an  executive  com- 
mittee, composed  of  the  officers  of  the  association  and  the  chairman  of  the  standing  committee. 

SOCIETIES   FOR  THE  CARE   OF   THE  YOUNG. 

No  beneficent  association  in  Brooklyn  serves  a  grander  purpose  than  does  the  Children's  Aid  Society. 
It  shelters  and  cares  for  friendless  and  vagrant  boys,  furnishing  them  with  food,  lodging  and  clothing,  and 
providing  instruction  and  occupation  ;  it  aids  girls  similarly  in  special  institutions  provided  for  the  pur- 
pose ;  it  gives  excursions  for  mothers  and  children  to  the  seashore  during  the  hot  summer  months  ;  it 
has  a  seaside  home  for  them  at  Coney  Island  ;  it  has  established  a  Newsboys'  Home,  industrial  schools, 
sewing  machine  schools  and  day  nurseries.  The  Brooklyn  Children's  Aid  Society  had  its  inception  at  a 
meeting  held  in  the  residence  of  the  Hon.  S.  B.  Chittenden  on  the  evening  of  January  13,  1866,  and  its 
first  institution,  the  Newsboys'  Home,  was  opened  on  September  i  of  that  year.  The  society's  field  of 
effort  rapidly  widened,  and  to-day  no  charitable  institution  in  the  city  exercises  a  more  effective  influence 
for  good.     The  Hon.  S.  B.  Chittenden  was  its  first  president  and  William  Appleton  Lawrence  the  general 


652 


THE    EAGLE   AND    BROOKLYN. 


superintendent.  These  offices  in  189.  are  filled,  respectively,  by  Charles  K.  Wallace  and  L.  C.  Hill  In 
addition  to  its  other  work,  the  society  has  devoted  itself  for  some  time  past  to  procuring  homes  in  the  West 
for  friendless  boys.  This  work  has  grown  to  considerable  proportions  and  is  becoming  one  of  the  most 
important  of  the  association's  special  lines  of  effort. 

It  was  in  1880  that  the  attention  of  Mr.  Henry  R.  Jones,  then  president  of  the  Children  s  Aid  Society 
of  Brooklyn  was  first  called  to  the  fact  that  there  was  no  individual  or  department  in  this  great  city  in 
whom  the  proper  authority  was  vested  to  prevent  children  from  being  cruelly  and  inhumanly  treated.  On 
investigation,  Mr.  Jones  found  that  the  police  could  not  make  arrests  in  such  cases.  On  the  evening  of 
December  13',  1880,  thirteen  gentlemen  assembled  at  the  residence  of  the  late  Horace  B.  Claflin,  on  Pierre- 
pont  street,  Ind  o'rganized  what  is  to-day  known  as  the  Brooklyn  Society  for  the  Prevention  of 
Cruelty  to  Children.  The  men  who  signed  their  names  to  the  article  of  incorporation  were  ;  The  Rev. 
Joseph  Fransioli,  S.  V.  White,  Alfred  T.  White,  Thomas  S.  Moore,  George  L.  Pease,  W.  B.  Leonard,  William 


Brooklyn  Orphan  Asylum, 

G.  Low,  Henry  R.  Jones,  N.  Dana  Wells,  Alexander  Munn,  Richard  D.  Douglass,  H.  B.  Claflin  and  Charles 
A.  Denny.  At  this  meeting  Henry  R.  Jones  was  elected  president ;  Horace  B.  Claflin  and  William  B. 
Leonard,  vice-presidents  ;  Alexander  Munn,  secretary  ;  George  L.  Pease,  treasurer  ;  Thomas  S.  Moore  and 
N.  Dana  Wells,  counsel  ;  Jerome  Walker,  physician  ;  and  Robert  J.  Wilkin,  superintendent.  Within  two 
weeks  the  organization  of  the  society  was  perfected  and  offices  had  been  opened  in  the  basement  of  the 
Brooklyn  Library  building.  Business  increased  so  rapidly  that  one  year  later  the  society  was  obliged  to 
move  into  more  commodious  quarters.  In  1885,  Mr.  Horace  B.  Claflin  died.  One  of  his  last  requests  to 
his  son  John  was  that  he  should  give  $25,000  to  the  society.  A  portion  of  the  money  was  used  in  the  pur- 
chase of  the  premises  141  Montague  street,  to  which  house  the  society  moved  in  1886.  In  1887  the  work  of 
the  society  was  enlarged  so  as  to  include  the  whole  of  Long  Island,  and  agencies  were  established  in  the 
counties  of  Queens  and  Suffolk.  Under  the  provisions  of  the  Police  Matron  Law  of  1891,  it  became  incum- 
bent on  the  society  to  care  for  all  girls  under  the  age  of  sixteen  arrested  by  the  police.  In  order  to  supply 
these  girls  with  a  temporary  home,  the  society  purchased  the  house  and  grounds  at  105  Schermerhorn  street 
and  fitted  it  up  in  comfortable  style.  The  society  has  thoroughly  investigated  the  subject  of  illicit  infant 
boarding  houses  and  lying-in  asylums,  and  with  the  cooperation  of  the  board  of  aldermen  and  the  health 
department  an  ordinance  was  passed  requiring  such  places  to  have  a  license.  The  measure  was  considered 
so  meritorious  that  at  the  session  of  the  legislature  in  1891  it  became  a  state  law.     Within  the  last  twelve 


CHARITABLE    SOCIETIES   AND    INSTITUTIONS. 


6s; 


years  the  society  has  investigated  11,692  cases  of  cruelty,  prosecuted  3,053  offenders  and  secured  2,702  con- 
victions. In  1892  there  were  1,269  cases  investigated,  279  offenders  prosecuted,  of  whom  237  were  con- 
victed, and  1,387  children  rescued. 

The  Brooklyn  Orphan  Asylum,  the  first  institution  of  its  kind  to  be  established  in  Brooklyn,  was  organ- 
ized May  17,  1833,  through  the  efforts  of  a  number  of  ladies,  among  whom  were  Mrs.  Phoebe  Butler,  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  Davison,  Mrs.  Charles  Richards  and  Mrs.  P.  W.  Radcliffe.  The  old  Jackson  house  on  the  Heights 
was  the  first  home  of  the  society,  and  during  the  first  year  fourteen  boys  and  twelve  girls  were  cared  for. 
Removal  was  subsequently  made  to  Cumberland  street.  Jenny  Lind  sang  and  Fanny  Kemble  read,  and 
many  others  labored  in  various  ways  in  behalf  of  the  building  fund  of  the  society.  On  December  i,  1870, 
the  corner-stone  of  the  present  structure,  at  Atlantic  and  Kingston  avenues,  was  laid,  and  on  June  15, 
1872,  the  asylum  building  was  formally  opened.  The  institution  is  supported  by  bequests,  specific  dona- 
tions, endowments  and  by  general  charitable  contributions.  Mrs.  Anna  C.  Field  was  president  of  the 
society  in  1892,  and  the  asylum  was  under  the  charge  of  Mrs.  S.  A.  Hill. 

The  Brooklyn  Industrial  School  Association  and  Home  for  Destitute  Children  began  its  work 

in  1854  and  was  incorporated  in  1857.  The  Home,  on 
Sterling  place,  between  Vanderbilt  and  Flatbush  ave- 
nues, was  erected  in  1861,  and  several  additions  to  it 
have  since  been  made.  The  association  has  established 
six  industrial  schools,  as  follows:  No.  i,  on  Concord 
street,  opposite  Prince  street;  No.  2,  at  10  Fourth 
street;  No.  3,  at  the  Home;  No.  4,  at  206  Twelfth 
street ;  No.  5,  on  Throop  avenue,  near  EUery  street  ; 
No.  6,  at  loi  Steuben  street.  Children  receive  an 
elementary  course  of  instruction  and  moral  and  relig- 
ious training  in  these  schools.  The  children  in  the 
Home  are  those  whose  parents  cannot  provide  for 
them.  Orphans  and  half  orphans  are  not  received  at 
the  Home,  but  are  sent  to  the  Orphan  Asylum.  Nearly 
every  Protestant  Church  in  Brooklyn  is  represented  in 
the  board  of  managers,  and  the  work  is  supported  by 
church  collections  and  voluntary  contributions.  An 
annual  fair  also  adds  to  the  revenues.  Mrs.  Joseph 
Merwin  is  president  of  the  association. 

The  Roman  Catholic  Orphan  Asylum  Society 
was  founded  in  1829,  with  Peter  Turner  as  its  presi- 
dent. The  society  was  incorporated  on  May  6,  1834.  The  first  asylum  was  at  188  Jay  street,  in  charge  of 
the  Sisters  of  Charity,  but  now  there  are  three  institutions — St.  John's  Home,  corner  of  Albany  and  St. 
Mark's  avenues,  for  the  care  of  destitute  or  orphan  boys  ;  St.  Joseph's  Asylum,  corner  of  Sumner  and 
Willoughby  avenues,  and  St.  Paul's  Industrial  School,  corner  of  Congress  and  Clinton  streets,  for  destitute 
female  orphans.  Cornelius  Heeney  gave  the  society  ten  lots  on  Congress  street,  and  after  his  death,  which 
occurred  in  1848,  the  society  received  as  a  bequest  the  greater  portion  of  his  large  estate  for  the  support 
of  orphans.     The  bishop  of  the  diocese  is  president  of  the  society.     Its  offices  are  at  42  Court  street. 

St.  Vincent's  Home  was  incorporated  in  July,  1869,  for  the  care  and  instruction  of  friendless  boys.  It 
occupies  two  buildings,  one  at  7  Poplar  street  and  the  other  at  10  Vine  street,  the  space  between  being 
utilized  for  a  playground.  The  institution  is  under  the  charge  of  a  board  of  managers  composed  of  Roman 
Catholic  clergymen,  with  the  bishop  of  the  diocese  at  their  head. 

The  Brooklyn  Nursery  and  Infants'  Hospital,  occupying  a  handsome  structure  on  Herkimer  street, 
near  Kingston  avenue,  is  the  outcome  of  the  Flatbush  Avenue  Industrial  School  and  Nursery,  established 
in  1871  through  the  efforts  of  Mrs.  E.  B.  Rollins,  Mrs.  H.  F.  Aten,  Mrs.  Charles  Rushmore,  Mrs.  W.  G. 
Lawrence,  Mrs.  A.  G.  Houghton,  Mrs.  L.  VV.  Seaman  and  others.  The  nursery  was  originally  located  on 
Adelphi  street,  and  then  removed  to  188  Prospect  place.  The  present  quarters  were  first  occupied  in  1884. 
The  object  of  the  society  is  to  care  for  the  infants  of  parents  who  are  unable  to  support  them  entirely. 
The  institution  is  under  the  charge  of  Mrs.  L.  K.  Moore. 

The  Brooklyn  Training  School  and  Home  for  Young  Girls  originated  in  the  fall  and  winter  of 
i888-'89  in  the  efforts  of  some  charitable  ladies  to  improve  the  condition  of  friendless  young  girls  between 
the  ages  of  twelve  and  twenty-one,  by  providing  them  with  employment  and  instruction.  The  home  was 
chartered  on  April  9,  1889.  The  first  officers  and  incorporators  were  Mrs.  M.  T.  Maine,  president ;  Mrs. 
T.   L.  Woodruff,  first  vice-president;   Mrs.  Jas.   S.  Suydam,  second  vice-president;    Mrs.  Theo.  Conrow, 


Industrial  School  No. 


Fourth  Street. 


6S4 


THE   EAGLE   AND    BROOKLYN. 


Home  for  Destitute  Childrek,  Sterling  Place. 

treasurer;  Mrs.  Edw.  B.  Jordan,  recording  secretary;  Mrs.  C.  P.  Manney,  corresponding  secretary;  Abbie 
T.  Boody,  Catherine  D.  Ryder,  Anna  E.  Rickerson,  Mary  F.  Purdy,  Henrietta  Pearsall,  Anna  L.  Hayes, 
Nellie  R.  Parsons,  Sarah  B.  Finch  and  Belle  I.  Herrick.  At  first  the  home  was  located  at  360  Schermer- 
horn  street,  but  after  a  fair  held  in  November,  1889,  the  house  at  80  Livingston  street  was  leased.  This  in 
time  proving  too  small,  the  house  at  336  Fourteenth  street  was. leased.  This  also  has  been  taxed  to  the 
uttermost  to  accommodate  applicants  for  admission. 

The  Eastern  District  Industrial  School  had  birth  in  the  philanthropy  of  Mrs.  Harriet  Brown, 
who,  impressed  with  the  degraded  and  ignorant  condition  of  the  poor  children  of  Williamsburgh,  collected 
$600  in  small  subscriptions  and  called  a  meeting  of  friends  on  February  20,  1855.  The  organization  was 
perfected  with  Mrs.  Brown  as  chairman,  and  it  was  determined  to  have  an  industrial  school  to  be  located  in 
the  old  North  American  Hotel,  on  North  Second  street,  between  Fourth  and  Fifth  streets.  It  was  opened 
on  March  7,  1855,  with  eleven  scholars  rescued  from  the  highways,  with  Mrs.  Fister  as  teacher.  Mrs.  Van 
Naughton  was  chosen  the  first  matron.  In  i860  the  association  was  incorporated  for  the  purposes  of 
instruction  in  "elementary  English,  habits  of  neatness,  domestic  duties,  and  to  provide  food  and  clothing 
and  secure  employment  for  children  arriving  at  a  suitable  age."  Nine  trustees  were  elected  in  the  persons 
of  James  Hall,  Robert  Duncan,  George  Ricard,  John  Broach,  J.  M.  Halley,  Richard  B.  Hunt,  John  A. 
Brady,  M.  D.,  Joseph  H.  Van  De  Water  and  George  W.  Edwards.  Mrs.  Eliphalet  Lyon,  the  first  directress, 
had  a  bill  drawn  in  1866  which  she  personally  carried  to  Albany,  where  she  labored  until  it  was  passed  and 
signed  by  the  governor.  It  gave  the  school  $10,000,  providing  that  an  equal  sum  should  be  raised,  and 
Mrs.  Lyon  soon  saw  that  the  condition  was  fulfilled.  Mr.  George  Ricard  afterwards  presented  four  city 
lots  on  North  Second  street,  on  which  it  was  decided  to  build,  but  instead,  in  1869,  the  Pease  estate  was 
bought  and  occupied  at  a  cost  of  $25,000.  A  wing  costing  $32,000  was  added  to  it  in  1877,  ''"d  in  1885  the 
old  building  was  razed  and  a  new  structure  erected.  The  institution  also  owns  and  occupies  as  a  branch- 
known  as  the  Gillispie  Memorial — a  lot  and  house  on  Humboldt  street,  which  was  presented  by  one  of  its 
many  friends.  The  first  board  of  officers  was  Richard  B.  Hunt,  president;  George  W.  Edwards,  secretary, 
and  John  Broach,  treasurer. 

The  Brooklyn  Truant  Home,  established  in  1855  by  the  common  council  of  the  city,  for  the  refor- 
mation of  disorderly,  idle  and  truant  children  between  the  ages  of  six  and  fourteen  years.  The  refuge  was 
first  known  as  the  Juvenile  House  of  Industry  and  existed  under  that  name  for  thirteen  years  in  the  old 
Kings  County  Penitentiary  at  Flatbush,  under  the  care  of  Mr.  Van  Epps,  and  his  brother  as  superintendent 
and  teacher.  The  first  boy  was  committed  on  November  30,  1857,  by  Alderman  Clark.  In  1869  the  com- 
mon council  purchased  from  John  I.  Snedicor  his  hotel  at  Cypress  Hills  and  about  ten  acres  of  land  and 
erected  a  brick  building,  80x40  feet  and  three  stories  high,  suitable  for  the  accommodation  of  150  children. 


CHARITABLE    SOCIETIES    AND    INSTITUTIONS. 


"55 


Martin  Kalbfleisch  was  then  mayor  and  Alderman  John  McGroarty  chairman  of  the  committee  on  Ijuilding. 
Charles  Uemarest  was  superintendent.  In  1890  a  brick  buildinu;  was  erected  adjoining  the  school 
structure,  for  the  use  of  employees,  water  was  introduced  and  many  improvements  made.  Until  1874  both 
boys  and  girls  were  admitted,  but  since  that  time  boys  alone  have  been  taken. 

The  kindergarten  has  become  a  popular  method  of  primary  instruction  in  Brooklyn,  but  it  remained  for 
the  Brooklyn  Kindergarten  Associaton  to  formulate  a  plan  which  it  is  now  carrying  out — the  opening 
of  a  complete  system  of  these  schools  throughout  the  city.  Although  the  association  has  been  in  e.\istence 
only  since  June,  1891,  it  already  has  two  free  kindergartens  in  operation  and  the  opening  of  a  third  in  the 
near  future  is  contemplated.  About  $1,200  a  year  is  the  cost  of  maintenance  of  each  of  these  schools,  and 
the  necessary  funds  are  raised  by  membership  fees  instead  of  solicited  subscriptions.  Any  one  may  become 
a  yearly  member  of  the  Brooklyn  Kindergarten  Association  on  payment  of  $3  dues  and  there  the  obligation 
ends.  The  society  is  not  an  incorporated  body.  The  initial  meeting  was  held  in  December,  1890,  and  the 
following  April  a  public  meeting  was  held  at  the  Pratt  Institute,  at  which  the  formal  organization  was  com- 
pleted by  the  election  of  officers.  On  June  17  the  association  established  the  Woman's  Club  Kindergarten, 
which  holds  daily  sessions  in  the  Bethel  Chapel  on  Hicks  street.  The  second  school  was  opened  under  the 
charge  of  Miss  Florence  M.  Perry  on  April  6,  1892,  in  the  building  of  Memorial  Industrial  School  No.  i. 
Under  the  same  auspices  and  through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  F.  B.  Pratt  a  training  school  for  kindergarteners 
has  been  organized  at  Pratt  Institute  and  many  young  women  are  availing  themselves  of  this  interesting 
instruction.  The  officers  of  the  association  are  :  Frank  L.  Babbott,  president;  Mrs.  F.  P.  Bellamy,  first 
vice-president ;  Henry  W.  Maxwell,  second  vice-president ;  Henry  Sanger  Snow,  treasurer  ;  Caroline  B. 
Le  Row,  secretary  ;  Dr.  Palmer  Townsend,  assistant  secretary. 

The  Sheltering  Arms  Nursery,  at  157  Dean  street,  was  incorporated  in  1871.  It  had  been  estab- 
lished the  preceding  year  to  provide  a  place  where  poor  mothers  obliged  to  work  could  leave  their  children 
during  the  day;  but  subsequently  a  nursery  for  permanent  inmates  was  provided  in  a  house  on  Pacific  street. 
Finally,  after  several  removals,  the  present  location  was  secured  in  1877.  The  original  building  was 
destroyed  by  fire  in  1880,  but  was  immediately  rebuilt.  The  Nursery  is  a  diocesan  charity  and  has  a  per- 
manent fund  for  its  support.     Mrs.  S.  H.  Wood  is  the  president  and  Mrs.  E.  A.  Bradley  the  treasurer. 

The  kindergarten  refuge  maintained  by  the  Holy  Innocents  Union  of  St.  Peter's  parish  is  located  in 
a  building  owned  by  the  church  organization  at  no  Congress  street.  It  was  established  by  the  late  Rev. 
Father  Joseph  Fransioli  in  the  latter  part  of  1884,  in  the  building  at  102  Warren  street,  which  was  owned  by 
the  church.  In  February,  1885,  a  number  of  the  charitable  women  of  the  parish  formed  the  Society  of  the 
Holy  Innocents  Union  with  Mrs.  J.  W.  Prendergast  as  president ;  Mrs.  J.  Slevin,  vice-president  ;  Miss  M. 
H.  Loughlin,  secretary  ;  Miss  J.  Carroll,  corresponding  secretary  ;  Miss  M.  Clevin,  treasurer  ;  and  Mrs. 
Bessie  Dainty,  superintendent.  Four  years  later  the  union  was  incorporated  by  Mary  H.  Prendergast,  Mrs. 
J.  Slevin,  Mrs.  A.  Gaffney  and  Mrs.  B.  Dainty. 

The  Convent  of  the  Sisters  of  Mercy,  on  Willoughby  avenue,  between  Classon  and  Graham  avenues, 
was  incorporated  on  March  8,  1865.  Its  object  is  to  provide  for  and  educate  orphans  and  destitute  chil- 
dren. The  institution  is  supported  by  the  school  and  other  labor  of  its  inmates,  by  donations  and  by  aid 
from  the  city. 

The  Hebrew  Orphan  Asylum  Society  was  incorporated  in  August,  1878,  and  a  house  at  the  corner  of 
Stuyvesant  avenue  and  McDonough  street  was  opened  for  the  reception  of  orphans  on  January  7,  1879. 
Two  years  later  grounds  on 
McDonough  street,  adjoining 
the  original  building,  were  pur- 
chased, the  corner-stone  of  the 
building  having  been  laid  June 
26,  1883.  On  May  3,  1892,  was 
laid  the  corner-stone  of  the  new 
asylum  on  Ralph  avenue.  Pa- 
cific and  Dean  streets.  This 
building  cost  $235,000  and 
was  dedicated  on  December 
28,1892.  It  will  accommodate 
about  400.  Ernst  Nathan  was 
the  first  president  of  the  so- 
ciety and  he  held  that  office 
during  ten  years,  Ira  Leo  Bam- 
burger  being  elected  his  suc- 
cessor in  1890. 


The  Hi;r.KE\v  Orphan  Asylum. 


656  THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 

An  association  was  formed  in  New  York,  by  the  advice  of  General  O.  O.  Howard  and  C.  H.  Howard,  in 
1866,  to  aid  freed  colored  women  who  came  north,  and  provide  a  home  for  their  children.  On  September 
7,  1868,  the  society  was  incorporated  as  the  Brooklyn  Howard  Colored  Orphan  Asylum,  it  having 
meanwhile  established  itself  in  this  city.  The  institution  is  located  on  Dean  street,  near  Troy  avenue. 
Mrs.  L.  A.  Cooper,  who  was  its  first  directress,  is  president,  and  the  Rev.  W.  L  Johnson  is  general  manager. 

ASSOCIATIONS  FOR  THE  AID  OF  WOMEN. 

On  March  5,  1880,  a  number  of  ladies,  who  had  devoted  much  of  their  time  to  visiting  the  penitentiary 
and  jail  for  the  purpose  of  influencing  women  confined  in  those  institutions  to  reform  their  lives,  organized 
a  society  to  improve  the  condition  of  homeless  women,  especially  such  as  had  been  discharged  from  prison, 
by  providing  them  with  employment  and  instruction  in  a  temporary  home,  where  they  might  be  surrounded 
by  elevating  and  refining  influences,  and  ultimately  to  procure  for  them  suitable  homes.  On  May  28,  1880, 
the  society  was  incorporated  and  the  Wayside  Home  was  established  on  Schenck  street,  near  DeKalb 
avenue.  The  first  officers  were  Mrs.  E.  F.  Pettengill,  president  ;  Mrs.  Anna  C.  Field,  vice-president ;  Miss 
C.  E.  Coffin,  secretary  ;  Mrs.  C.  W.  Shepherd,  assistant  secretary  ;  and  Mrs.  Eliza  F.  Rawson,  treasurer. 
These  ladies,  together  with  Phebe  W.  Titus,  Sophia  S.  Boggs,  Helen  M.  Nelson,  Mary  C.  Johnson,  J.  R.  Pitt, 
M.  A.  Brown,  Elizabeth  R.  Coffin,  Lizzie  R.  Barstow,  Amelia  S.  Hart  and  Mary  S.  Willets,  were  also  the 
incorporators.  In  the  early  part  of  1892  the  legislature  of  the  state  passed  an  act  making  the  Wayside 
Home  a  reformatory  to  which  girls  and  young  women  may  be  committed,  and  as  a  result  the  present  build- 
ing, at  352  Bridge  street,  which  accommodates  over  forty  inmates,  is  continually  well  filled.  A  laundry  is 
operated  in  connection  with  the  Home  and  the  income  from  this  pays  about  three-fourths  of  the  running 
expenses.     Mrs.  E.  F.  Pettengill,  the  first  president  of  the  society,  still  retained  that  office  in  1892. 

The  Ho.me  for  Friendless  Women  and  Children,  now  located  on  Concord  street,  between  Wash- 
ington and  Fulton  streets,  had  its  origin  in  the  charitable  efforts  of  Mrs.  Catharine  Duryea  Elwell  to  reform 
some  poor  women  who  had  been  confined  in  Raymond  street  jail  for  crimes  growing  out  of  intemperate 
habits.  This  was  in  1868,  and,  aided  by  three  friends,  she  furnished  several  rooms  on  Canton  street,  for 
which  Mr.  James  Elwell  paid  the  rent  for  six  months.  In  these  rooms  the  unfortunate  women  were  given 
shelter,  and  before  long  several  other  women  and  two  children  also  became  inmates.  In  May,  1869,  more 
commodious  quarters  were  secured,  and  during  the  year  156  women  and  60  children  were  sheltered.  On 
April  28,  1870,  the  society  was  incorporated.  An  appropriation  of  $10,000  was  received  from  the  state, 
$19,000  was  collected,  and  the  present  home  was  purchased  for  $30,000  and  occupied  in  May,  187 1.  Since 
then  thousands  of  women  and  children  have  been  given  aid  and  shelter.  Mrs.  William  S.  Packer  is  presi- 
dent of  the  society  and  Mrs.  S.  M.  Conklin  is  matron  of  the  home. 

The  House  of  the  Good  Shepherd,  located  at  Dean  street  and  Atlantic  avenue,  is  conducted  by  the 
Sisters  of  the  Good  Shepherd,  who  first  established  it  on  Henry  street,  near  Atlantic  avenue,  on  May  8,  1868. 
The  object  of  the  order  is  the  reformation  of  erring  women  and  the  inculcation  of  principles  of  virtue  in 
young  girls.  The  inmates  include  those  who  voluntarily  go  there  for  reformation  and  others  sent  by  friends 
or  the  authorities. 

The  Factory  Girls'  Improvement  Club,  at  872  Bedford  avenue,  between  Myrtle  and  Park  avenues,  was 
organized  in  1886  by  the  Woman's  Auxiliary  of  the  Brooklyn  City  Mission  Society,  and  was  successfully 
carried  on  under  its  supervision  until  last  May,  when  it  was  transferred  to  the  care  of  the  King's  Daughters. 
The  object  is  to  instruct,  refine  and  bring  under  Christian  influences  girls  of  from  twelve  to  twenty 
years  of  age  who  work  in  factories.  They  are  from  the  overlooked  and  neglected  class  in  the  community, 
whose  opportunities  for  improvement  are  exceedingly  scant.  These  girls  meet  in  the  rooms  five  evenings 
in  the  week,  and  are  taught  sewing,  mending,  dressmaking,  cooking  and  singing.  One  evening  in  the  week 
is  devoted  to  Bible  lessons,  and  one  evening  to  such  general  information  and  training  as  will  help  them  to 
become  useful  and  self-respecting  women.  In  addition  a  reading-room  is  open  where  they  can  spend  an 
evening  socially  ;  there  is  also  a  sewing  class  on  Friday  afternoon  for  little  girls.  Mrs.  C.  A.  Henry  is  the 
missionary  in  charge.  The  support  of  these  rooms  is  by  voluntary  contributions,  principally  from  or  through 
the  King's  Daughters,  who  have  also  rendered  very  efficient  help  as  teachers. 

The  Home  Association  for  Working  Women  and  Girls,  incorporated  in  1879,  has  for  its  object  the 
furnishing  of  a  comfortable  boarding-place  for  working  women  and  girls  at  a  price  proportioned  to  their 
earnings.    The  present  location  is  at  352  Pacific  street.     Mrs.  W.  A.  Huster  is  president  of  the  association. 

The  Female  Employ.ment  Society,  which  owns  and  occupies  the  building  at  93  Court  street  furnishes 
work  to  poor  women,  paying  them  more  for  it  than  they  would  be  likely  to  obtain  elsewhere.  Free  instruc- 
tion is  also  given  in  needlework,  and  employees  are  aided  when  sick  or  in  want.  The  society  was 
incorporated  m  1854,  with  Mrs.  A.  A.  Low  as  president.     Mrs.  E.  M.  Chapman  now  fills  that  office. 

The  Women's  Work  Exchange  and  Decorative  Art  Society  of  Brooklyn  grew  out  of  the  benevo- 
lent action  of  a  gentleman  connected  with  Christ  Church  who,  in  1873,  organized  a  little  society  with  the 


CHARITABLE    SOCIETIES   AND    INSTITUTIONS.  657 

object  of  obtaining  work  for  the  members  of  his  Bible  class— particularly  for  a  crippled  girl  who  had  no 
means  of  earning  a  livelihood.  His  experiment  attracted  the  favorable  attention  of  many  of  the  women  in 
the  church,  who  promoted  and  sustained  it,  with  the  result  that  the  South  Brooklyn  Employment  Society 
was  formed.  For  several  years  the  society  occupied  the  building  at  122  Atlantic  avenue  and,  under  the 
presidency  of  Mrs.  Nehemiah  White,  it  did  a  very  useful  work.  In  1879  the  Women's  Work  Exchange  was 
established  for  the  sale  of  articles  of  use  or  beauty  made  by  women  who  were  obliged  to  support  themselves 
and  to  whom  no  other  way  of  earning  their  bread  was  open.  This  movement  was  soon  followed  by  a  union 
between  the  new  society  and  the  South  Brooklyn  Employment  Society.  Four  years  later  the  older  society 
went  out  of  existence,  and  in  1886  the  present  society  was  incorporated.  It  has  been  located  since  May, 
1892,  at  130  Montague  street,  where  it  receives  and  places  on  sale,  for  the  benefit  of  the  producers,  such 
articles  as  decorated  china,  needlework,  embroidery,  pickles,  preserves,  cake  and  other  products  of  the 
ingenuity  or  skill  of  women. 

SOCIETIES  WHICH  PROVIDE  FOR  THE  AGED  AND  INFIRM. 

There  is  no  local  charity  that  has  progressed  more  uniformly  or  more  effectively  upon  the  lines  origin- 
ally laid  down  for  it  than  the  Brooklyn  Home  for  Vged  Men,  which  had  its  inception  in  the  efforts  of  a 
number  of  representative  women  during  the  year  1877.  One  of  these  had  discovered  six  old  and  infirm 
men  in  a  dilapidated  building,  without  food,  fire  or  furniture.  She  informed  several  of  her  friends  ;  they 
held  a  meeting,  devised  ways  and  means,  and  the  immediate  wants  of  the  aged  men  were  soon  supplied. 
Then  these  charitable  women  began  the  work  of  establishing  an  unsectarian  home,  where  worthy  men, 
disabled  by  age  and  reduced  to  want,  could  pass  their  declining  years  in  comfort.  A  permanent  organization 
was  effected,  with  Mrs.  Mary  G.  Brinckerhoff  as  first  directress;  Mrs.  C.  D.  Jennings,  second  directress; 
Mrs.  Martha  E.  Wilburn,  secretary  ;  Mrs.  Sarah  A.  Kibbe,  corresponding  secretary,  and  Mrs.  Mary  E. 
Whiton,  treasurer.  A  temporary  home  was  established  in  a  small  house  on  Grand  avenue,  where  a  number 
of  aged  inmates  were  maintained  until  March,  1878,  when  removal  was  made  to  84  State  street ;  the  premises 
being  purchased  by  means  of  donations.  It  was  but  a  short  time  before  this — on  February  27,  1878 — 
that  the  society  was  incorporated.  It  was  not  very  long  before  the  new  quarters  were  found  inadequate  to 
the  demands  made  upon  them,  and  the  managers  determined  to  in  some  way  build  a  home  that  would 
enable  them  effectively  to  carry  on  the  work  to  which  they  had  devoted  themselves.  As  a  result  of  much 
hard  work  on  their  part,  on  May  i,  1887,  they  entered  the  handsome  structure  now  known  as  the  Brooklyn 
Home  for  Aged  Men,  at  the  corner  of  Classon  avenue  and  Park  place.  The  corner-stone  had  been  laid  on 
September  13,  1886,  and  Messrs.  Alfred  S.  Barnes,  Hayden  W.  Wheeler  and  D.  H.  Cochran  were  the  building 
committee.  Since  entering  the  new  home  the  board  of  directors  have  paid  off  the  debt  on  the  building  and 
added  to  the  grounds,  making  the  lot  135  feet  on  Park  place  and  125  feet  on  Prospect  place.  The  entire 
cost  has  been  about  $85,000.  There  is  a  four-story  stone  front  house  on  Park  place  side,  and  this  is  to  be 
attached  to  the  main  building  and  utilized  for  aged  couples. 

The  Brooklyn  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  Home  for  the  Aged  and  Infirm  was  incorporated  in 
May,  1883,  by  Mrs.  Mary  M.  Voorhies,  Mrs.  William  I.  Preston,  Mrs.  Joseph  Knapp,  Mrs.  Mary  I.  Phillips, 
Mrs.  George  Copeland^  Mrs.  John  French,  Mrs.  Joshua  A.  Gascoigne,  Mrs.  Oliver  L.  Gardner,  Mrs.  Lewis 
S.  Pilcher,  Mrs.  Noah  Loder,  Mrs.  Griffin  B.  Halsted,  Mrs.  John  Truslow,  Mrs.  H.  C.  M.  Ingraham  and  Mrs. 
Albion  P.  Strout.  On  June  4,  following,  permanent  organization  was  effected  by  the  election  of  the  follow- 
ing officers  :  President,  Mrs.  M.  M.  Voorhies  ;  vice-presidents,  Mrs.  W.  I.  Preston,  Mrs.  M.  V.  Phillips,  Mrs. 
L.  D.  Tice,  Mrs.  C.  E.  Hemmenway  ;  treasurer,  Mrs.  C.  E.  Taft ;  recording  secretary,  Mrs.  H.  C.  M.  Ingra- 
ham ;  corresponding  secretary.  Miss  Martha  Young.  The  purposes  of  the  association  are  to  provide  for 
aged  and  infirm  men  and  women,  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  a  comfortable  residence, 
with  board,  clothing,  religious  privileges,  medical  and  other  necessary  attendance ;  also  in  the  event  of 
death  to  give  them  respectable  burial.  In  the  autumn  of  1883  the  premises  at  367  McDonough  street  were 
leased  and  the  work  of  the  society  began.  In  1886  a  plot  of  ground  255  by  330  feet  on  New  York  avenue, 
extending  from  Park  place  to  Butler  street,  was  purchased  and  a  building  costing  about  $60,000  was  erected, 
being  first  occupied  in  May,  1889.     It  accommodates  about  fifty  inmates. 

The  Baptist  Home  is  an  institution  where  infirm  and  needy  members  of  the  Baptist  churches  of 
Brooklyn  are  provided  with  a  home,  support  and  employment.  It  was  incorporated  on  April  9,  1869,  and 
the  present  building,  at  the  corner  of  Greene  and  Throop  avenues,  was  dedicated  on  June  22,  1875.  Alex- 
ander McDonald  and  Francis  D.  Mason  together  contributed  $25,000  toward  the  building  fund,  but  both 
died  before  the  corner-stone  was  laid  on  October  22,  1873.  The  expenses  of  the  Home  are  defrayed  by 
contributions  from  churches  and  individuals,  and  it  has  been  the  recipient  of  several  liberal  bequests. 
Charles  H.  Dutcher  is  president  of  the  Home,  and  it  is  under  the  charge  of  Miss  J.  L.  Kirk. 

Of  the  many  charitable  institutions  encouraged  and  fostered  by  the  late  Bishop  Loughlin  none  has 
served  a  more  beneficent  purpose  than  the  Home  for  the  Aged,  at  the  corner  of  DeKalb  and  Bushwick 


6^S 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 


avenues,  wh.ch  ,s  conducted  by  the  L.ttle  Sisters  of  the  Poor.  Th.s  .nstitut.on  which  was  establish  d  in 
September.  1868,  includes  in  its  sphere  of  usefulness  the  Eastern  District  and  all  that  part  of  the  ^\  est- 
ern  District  lying  north  of  Atlantic  avenue.  Destitute  men  and  women,  over  si.xty  years  of  age  and  of  good 
moral  character,  are  admitted  to  the  Home  without  regard  to  their  creed  or  nationality.  There  they  are 
provided  with  food  and  clothing  and  nursed  in  sickness  by  the  sisters.  The  institution  has  no  regular  fund  and 
receives  no  pension,  but  depends  entirely  upon  voluntary  contributions  and  the  efforts  of  the  sisters  who 
go  about  soHcitincr  amono-  the  charitable,  u'ho  give  them  clothing,  food  and  money  with  which  to  mamtam 
their  ao-ed  charges  Since  its  doors  were  first  opened  to  the  poor  the  Home  has  sheltered  thousands  of  aged 
persons,  and  during  the  year  1892  over  300  inmates  were  cared  for  by  the  Little  Sisters  of  the  Poor. 

The  Old  L.^dies'  Home,  also  called  the  Graham  Institution,  and  officially  known  as  The  Brooklyn 
Society  for  the  Relief  of  Respectable  Aged  Indigent  Females,  was  established  for  the  benefit  of 

poor  gentlewomen  unfitted,  by  previous 
culture  and  refinement,  to  willingly  accept 
the  public  asylum  provided  by  the  state. 
In  January,  185 1,  a  building  site,  on  Wash- 
ington, near  DeKalb  avenue,  was  donated 
by  John  B.  Graham,  a  charter  was  ob- 
tained, and  through  the  cooperation  of 
twenty-six  church  congregations  the 
enterprise  was  established  on  an  unsec- 
tarian  basis.  The  society  failing  to  raise 
sufficient  money  for  the  erection  of  the 
Home,  Mr.  Graham  supplied  the  neces- 
sary funds,  and  on  October  26,  1852,  the 
building  was  dedicated.  Mr.  Graham  had 
intended  to  give  the  society  two  lots  adja- 
cent to  the  Home  grounds,  but  he  died 
suddenly  while  in  the  very  act  of  execut- 
ing the  deed.  Bequests,  annual  subscrip- 
tions and  donations  have  served  to  put 
CHILDREN'S  AID  SOCIETY.  ^^^  Hoiiic  upou  a  souttd  basis,  aad  it  is 

to-day  one  of  the  most  prosperous  of  our  beneficent  institutions.     Mrs.  Theodore  Polhemus  is  now  presi- 
dent of  the  society,  and  U.  Howard  is  secretary. 

The  Greenpoint  Home  for  the  Aged,  located  at  the  corner  of  Oak  and  Guernsey  streets,  is  especially 
designed  for  the  care  of  the  aged  of  the  seventeenth  ward.  It  was  incorporated  November  20,  1882.  Mrs. 
Edwin  Finkel  has  been  the  president  from  the  beginning,  and  the  institution  is  conducted  under  the  auspices 
of  the  Ladies'  Benevolent  Association,  which  also  concerns  itself  with  various  other  forms  of  charity  in  that 
section  of  the  city. 

MISCELLANEOUS   CHARITABLE  ORGANIZATIONS. 

"  Memorial  Home  of  Industry  "  is  the  legend  inscribed  above  the  doorway  of  the  three-story  building 
at  70  Willoughby  street.  It  is  a  place  where  a  kindly  word  and  a  helping  hand  are  offered  to  the  wayfaring 
ex-convict.  Michael  Dunn,  himself  a  convict  who  had  spent  many  years  within  prison  walls,  was  its  founder. 
In  January,  1892,115  doors  were  first  thrown  open  at  201  Livingston  street.  Ex-convict  Dunn's  Christianity 
was  of  the  practical  sort.  First  the  bodily  comfort  of  the  stranger  was  looked  to,  food,  lodging  and  cloth- 
ing were  given  if  needed  ;  then  he  endeavored  to  win  the  erring  one  from  the  evil  of  his  way.  It  was  the 
sixth  institution  of  the  kind  which  this  man  had  founded  since  his  conversion  in  1878.  Broom  making  was 
the  industry  pursued  at  the  Home.  Upon  the  death  of  Mr.  Dunn  in  February,  1892,  the  management  of 
the  Home  was  undertaken  by  Darwin  J.  Meserole.  In  the  following  April  the  Home  was  removed  to  the 
building  it  now  occupies.  In  connection  with  the  city  missionary  work  of  the  Home  is  conducted  an  indus- 
trial farm,  near  Smithtown,  L.  I.  About  two  and  half  miles  east  of  that  place  are  located  100  acres  of 
ground  owned  by  Asa  W.  Parker,  which  were  placed  at  the  disposal  of  the  Home  committee,  of  which  he  is 
a  member.  Here  in  May  last  a  number  of  the  inmates  began,  under  the  supervision  of  B.  M.  Bailey,  a 
practical  farmer,  the  cultivation  of  broom  corn,  and  an  excellent  quality  has  been  produced,  and  enough  farm 
produce  also  raised  to  supply  the  farm  table  and  make  frequent  shipments  to  the  city  headquarters.  The 
government  of  the  Home  is  vested  in  Mr.  Meserole,  the  manager  and  treasurer,  and  a  committee  consisting 
of  Alfred  H.  Porter,  chairman  ;  Asa  W.  Parker,  Charles  W.  Ide  and  G.  Le  Lacheur,  M.  D. 

The  Bureau  of  Employment  and  Emergency  Fund  of  the  G.  A.  R.  was  established  in  the 
spring  of  1884.  It  is  an  offshoot  of  the  memorial  committee  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  for 
Kings  County,  from  which  it  derives  its  authority.    The  Bureau  of  Employment  was  suggested  by  Joseph  L. 


CHARITABLE    SOCIETIES    AND    INSTITUTIONS.  659 

Follett,  then  a  member  of  Devin  post,  but  now  of  Winchester  post.  The  Emergency  Fund  was  first  pro- 
posed by  General  James  McLeer.  The  bureau  was  incorporated  on  April  11,  1885,  for  the  purpose  of  aiding 
distressed  soldiers,  sailors  or  marines,  who  had  served  in  the  civil  war,  or  their  widows  and  orphans,  and 
to  improve  the  condition  of  such  persons  generally  by  providing  employment.  The  present  bureau  is  com- 
posed of  Andrew  J.  Lyons,  chairman  ;  Geo.  H.  Jackson,  secretary ;  Jos.  S.  Cavendy,  treasurer ;  Henry 
Eichorne,  Harry  Draper,  Walter  Westlake,  Charles  McFarland,  Louis  A.  Wiebe,  John  G.  Noonan,  William 
Kimball,  John  W.  Chapman,  Geo.  S.  Little,  medical  examiner;  C.  Hull  Grant,  M.  J.  Cummings.  The  bureau 
is  located  in  the  committee  rooms  in  the  basement  of  the  city  hall.  The  memorial  committee  now  consists 
of  the  post  commanders  of  the  various  posts  of  Kings  County  and  one  delegate  for  every  fifty  comrades  in 
each  post.  Mr.  M.  J.  Cummings  is  the  president  and  Mr.  Geo.  H.  Jackson  the  secretary  and  practical  direc- 
tor of  the  bureau  of  relief. 

On  October  27,  1872,  a  number  of  charitably  inclined  men,  all  of  whom  were  addicted  to  smoking,  met 
together  and  pledged  themselves  to  put  aside  a  penny  for  each  cigar  they  should  smoke,  the  amount  thus 
accumulated  to  be  used  for  benevolent  purposes.  The  association  adopted  the  title  The  Williamsburgh 
Benevolent  Society,  the  object  to  be  the  relief  and  assistance  of  the  worthy  poor  of  the  Eastern  District. 
The  first  annual  report,  issued  January  i,  1874,  showed  the  income  during  the  year  to  have  been  $271.37, 
and  donations  to  poor  families  $160.50.  A.  Meiner  was  the  first  president  and  John  L.  Mandel  the  first 
secretary.  The  society's  field  of  effort  rapidly  widened.  Its  resources,  too,  were  increased  by  donations 
and  collections,  and  it  gave  aid  to  many  deserving  families.  It  was  incorporated  on  December  3,  1881,  by 
Henry  E.  T.  Voigt,  William  Diehl,  Adam  Dietrich,  Frederick  Huene,  John  L.  Mandel,  William  Klein, 
Robert  Sneider  and  C.  Volkman  Zinssmann.  The  Turn-Verein  has  alloted  the  use  of  several  rooms  in  its 
building  at  61  Meserole  street  to  the  society  and  these  are  used  for  meeting  purposes  and  for  the  receiving 
of  applications  and  the  dispensing  of  aid  to  the  needy.  The  officers  of  the  society  serve  gratuitously  and 
as  a  consequence  all  funds  received  go  to  the  poor,  there  being  absolutely  no  expenses  to  pay.  The 
eighteenth  annual  report  of  the  treasurer  shows  receipts  amounting  to  $3,540.70  and  disbursements  of 

$i,oSO-97- 

The  Christian  Rescue  Temperance  Union  was  organized  in  the  spring  of  1880  by  Mrs.  John  Duer,  of 

South  Brooklyn.  Originally  the  society  bore  the  name  of  the  Rescue  Juvenile  Temperance  Union  and  was 
organized  under  that  name  on  June  15,  1880,  Mrs.  Duer  acting  as  superintendent  and  Mr.  C.  G.  Johnston 
as  treasurer.  The  Union  has  usually  directed  its  efforts  toward  rescuing  the  young,  particularly  those  of 
depraved  parents,  and  in  this  line  of  work  has  had  excellent  success.  A  few  months  after  the  Union  was 
organized.  Templar  Hall,  476  Fifth  avenue,  was  rented  and  a  Saturday  school  and  Sunday  afternoon  prayer- 
meetings  were  instituted  and  have  been  continued  from  that  time  until  now.  In  July,  1882,  a  meeting  was 
held  at  the  residence  of  Mrs.  Duer  for  the  purpose  of  forming  an  adult  department  of  the  work  and  of 
becoming  an  incorporated  society.  This  was  soon  accomplished,  the  society  assuming  as  its  corporate  title 
the  name  it  now  bears.  In  August,  1882,  Templar  Hall  was  opened  as  a  reading-room  for  the  general 
public,  as  well  as  for  school  and  religious  services.  In  January,  1886,  a  chapel,  at  the  corner  of  Eighth 
street  and  Fifth  avenue,  was  secured,  and  there  the  work  has  been  carried  on  since. 

One  of  the  most  beautiful  beneficences  in  the  city  of  Brooklyn  is  the  Flower  and  Fruit  Charity,  the 
aim  of  which  is  to  distribute  flowers,  fruits  and  other  delicacies,  reading  matter,  etc.,  among  the  sick  poor  in 
hospitals,  asylums  and  their  own  homes.  It  was  organized  in  May,  1874,  and  the  work  has  been  carried  on 
ever  since  by  a  number  of  ladies,  who  are  aided  by  voluntary  contributions  of  money  and  supplies.  They 
meet  regularly  at  119  Montague  street,  arrange  the  donations  and  attend  to  their  distribution.  Miss  J.  H. 
Duckwitz  is  president  of  the  society. 

The  Hospital  Saturday  and  Sunday  Association  of  the  City  of  Brooklyn  is  an  organization 
designed  to  interest  the  public  in  the  cause  of  hospital  charity;  it  originated  with  the  appointment  of  a  com- 
mittee by  the  trustees  of  the  Brooklyn  Hospital  on  the  suggestion  of  William  G.  Low  to  enlist  all  the  hospitals 
of  the  city  in  such  an  organization.  The  first  meeting  was  held  December  21,  1881.  All  the  hospitals  had 
signified  their  willingness  to  join  in  the  movement  excepting  the  Roman  Catholic  hospitals,  which  declined 
through  Bishop  Loughlin.  A  permanent  organization  was  effected  May  16,  1882,  and  the  officers  elected 
were  William  G.  Low,  president  ;  William  H.  Fleeman,  vice-president ;  Rev.  Dr.  C.  Cuthbert  Hall,  secre- 
tary ;  William  M.  Richards,  treasurer.  The  association  is  not  incorporated.  Its  objects  are  to  induce 
benevolent  gifts  for  hospital  purposes  by  bringing  the  claim  of  these  charities  simultaneously  before  the 
public,  to  stimulate  and  foster  the  giving  by  personal  donations  and  church  collections  on  appointed  days  in 
behalf  of  such  institutions  as  the  donor  or  donors  may  choose  to  assist,  and  to  provide  for  obtaining  and 
distributing  the  gifts  of  those  who  sympathize  with  the  general  object  of  hospital  charity,  without  having 
interest  in  any  special  institution.  To  this  end  the  last  Saturday  and  Sunday  in  each  year  are  devoted  to  a 
simultaneous  presentation  of  the  claims  of  the  following  hospitals:  Brooklyn  Hospital,  Long  Island  College 
Hospital,  Eastern    District    Hospital,  Homoeopathic    Hospital,  Brooklyn    Maternity,  St.   John's   Hospital 


66o 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


Lutheran  Hospital  Association,  Norwegian  Relief  Society  and  St.  Martha's  Sanitarium.     The  first  annual 
collection  in  1S82  realized  $4,351.22  ;  in  1S92  the  amount  of  the  collection  was  $5,947.70. 

The  Brooklyn  Guild  Associ--\ti(1n  was  organized  in  1S8S.  The  establishment  of  a  kindergarten  was 
at  first  the  principal  motive,  but  when  the  first  Guild  House,  at  245  Concord  street,  was  opened  in  October, 
1 888,  there  were  also  formed  a  mother's  club,  a  5'oung  woman's  club,  a  young  men's  club  and  a  children's 
club.  There  are  about  two  hundred  members  of  the  guild,  contributing  in  annual  dues  as  many  dollars. 
The  branch  clubs  now  fostered  by  the  general  body  are  the  kindergarten  day  school ;  the  Girls'  Concordia 
Club  ;  the  Young  Men's  Concordia  Club  and  the  Hand-in-Hand  Club,  whose  little  girl  members  are  taught 
needlework,  doll's  dressmaking  and  physical  culture.  Every  October  the  guild  distributes,  to  those  of  the 
members  and  neighbors  who  desire,  growing  plants  to  be  cared  for  and  reared  in  window  decoration  during 
the  winter  for  a  joint  exhibition  in  the  spring. 

The  Brooklyn  agency  of  the  American  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Animals  was 
established  October  31,  1881,  under  the  superintendence  of  Mr.  J.  R-  Pye.  The  present  superintendent  of 
the  Brooklyn  branch  is  F.  O.  Clark,  and  the  offices  are  at  415  Fulton  street. 

Among  other  prominent  charitable  organizations  affording  either  special  or  general  relief  to  the  poor, 
or  to  persons  temporarily  in  need,  are  the  following  :  The  Norwegian  Relief  Society,  at  the  corner  of 
Fourth  avenue  and  Forty-si.xth  street  ;  the  Red  Cross  Society,  at  195  Montague  street,  teaches  how  to 
administer  first  aid  to  the  injured;  the  Working  Women's  Vacation  Society,  at  172  South  Ninth  street, 
which  sends  poor  and  overworked  women  to  the  country  ;  the  King's  Daughters  Day  Nursery,  at  958 
Atlantic  avenue  ;  the  Dominican  Home,  at  the  corner  of  Montrose  and  Graham  avenues,  for  the  care  of 
orphan  children  ;  the  orphanage  department  of  the  Church  Charity  Foundation,  corner  of  Albany  avenue 
and  Herkimer  street  ;  St.  Ann's  Day  Nursery,  at  124  Lawrence  street  ;  St.  Giles'  House,  422  Degraw  street, 
for  crippled  children  ;  St.  Malachy's  Home,  at  the  corner  of  Atlantic  and  Van  Siclen  avenues,  for  destitute 
children  ;  Brooklyn  Home  for  Aged  Colored  People,  Dean  street,  between  Albany  and  Troy  avenues  ;  Home 
for  the  Aged,  Church  Charity  Foundation,  Albany  avenue,  near  Herkimer  street  ;  St.  Peter's  Home  for  the 
Aged,  110  Congress  street;  the  Wartburg  Home  for  the  Aged,  Fulton  street,  near  Sheffield  avenue;  the 
Helping  Hand  Mission  for  homeless  women  ;  and  the  Good  Samaritan  Association,  with  two  buildings,  on 
Jay  and  Nassau  streets,  respectively. 


.r::' 


Seaside  Home  of  the  Children's  Aid  Society 
-'U   Coney   Island, 


The  Brooklyn  Hospital. 


HOSPITALS,  DISPENSARIES  AND  PHYSICIANS. 


N  account  of  the  establishment  and  growth  of  institutions  in  Brooklyn  for  the 
care  of  the  siclv  or  injured  carries  the  reader  no  further  back  than  to  the 
second  quarter  of  the  present  century  ;  for  it  was  not  until  1839  that  a  hospital 
was  established  here ;  but  the  medical  history  of  the  territory  now  occupied  by 
the  city  begins  with  the  advent  of  the  first  medical  man  in  Breuckelen.  His 
name  was  Paulus  Van  Der  Beeck  and  he  arrived  here  in  1644,  or  not  long  after 
—  this  being  the  most  exact  information  to  be  gained  from  the  chronicles  of 
that  period.  There  was  not  much  sickness  among  the  hardy  Dutch  settlers  of 
those  times  that  could  not  be  cured  by  means  of  housewifely  medical  lore,  and 
so,  perforce.  Dr.  Van  Der  Beeck  became  a  sort  of  jack  of  all  trades  and,  later 
in  his  history,  he  is  spoken  of  as  "  Dr.  Paulus,  surgeon  and  farmer."  He  pros- 
pered and  grew  rich,  according  to  the  chronicle,  but  it  was  not  by  physicing  folks.  Gerardus  W'illenise 
Beekman  was  the  ne,\t  doctor  to  settle  in  the  village,  and  he,  it  seems,  combined  two  avocations  now 
esteemed  as  highly  profitable,  as  he  is  described  as  having  been  "a  physician  and  politician,"  and  he 
"remained  an  office  holder  until  the  time  of  his  death."  Later  in  the  records  there  is  an  account  of  a  Dr. 
Nerbury's  presenting  a  bill  of  ^6  4s.  against  the  authorities  "for  taking  care  of  a  poor  man  at  Mr. 
Stryker's,  of  Flatbush."  Dr.  Hendrick  Van  Beuren  is  the  ne.xt  practitioner  mentioned  in  the  accounts  of 
the  village,  and  besides  putting  in  a  number  of  bills  which  show  him  to  have  had  considerable  practice,  he 
distinguished  himself  by  publishing  in  the  New  York  Gazette,  or  Weekly  Postboy,  in  May,  1754,  a  letter  in 
which  he  denounced  "  pretenders  in  the  practice  of  physic  and  surgery,"  or  what  are  now  more  tersely 
denominated  "quacks."  It  is  said  there  were  many  such  practicing  about  that  time.  Among  Dr.  Van 
Beuren's   contemporaries  were   Drs.  John    Lodewick   and   Harry  Van   De  AVater.     The   fighting  on  Long 


662  THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 

Island  during  the  revolutionary  war  brouglit  many  army  physicians  and  surgeons  to  Brooi^lyn  and  vicinity, 
and  they  were  indefatigable  in  relieving  as  far  as  possible  the  sufferings  of  those  confined  in  the  temporary 
military  hospitals  established  in  private  houses,  chui'ches  and  other  buildings.  At  the  close  of  the  war  a 
number  of  these  physicians  settled  here,  among  them  being  Dr.  Beck,  who  established  himself  in  Flatbush, 
and  Drs.  John  ].  Barbarin  and  John  Dufheld,  in  Brooklyn.  From  this  period  until  the  organization  of  the 
Kings  County  Medical  Society,  on  April  2,  1822,  the  names  of  George  A.  Clussraan,  Samuel  Osborne, 
Charles  Ball  and  Matthew  Wendell  are  among  those  which  appear  prominently  in  the  local  records  of  the 
medical  profession.  The  first  officers  of  the  Kings  County  Medical  Society  were  :  Cornelius  Low,  president ; 
Matthew  Wendell,  vice-president  ;  Adrian  Vanderveer,  secretary  ;  and  John  Carpenter,  treasurer.  It  was 
left  for  Dr.  Isaac  J.  Rapelyea,  president  of  the  society  in  1835,  to  make  the  first  determined  effort  towards 
the  permanent  establishment  of  a  hospital  in  Brooklyn.  He  urged  the  matter  upon  the  attention  of  the 
society  in  his  inaugural  address,  delivered  on  July  13  of  that  year,  and  a  memorial  was  presented  to  the 
city  council.  It  was  without  result  and  it  was  not  until  five  years  later  that  a  public  place  was  provided 
where  immediate  aid  could  be  rendered  the  injured.  Then  a  few  public-spirited  citizens  engaged  physicians 
and  surgeons  to  attend  patients  in  a  house  owned  by  Cyrus  P.  Smith,  on  Adams  street,  and  on  August  5, 
1839,  the  common  council  appropriated  $200  per  annum  for  the  support  of  this  embryo  hospital.  In  1844 
this  appropriation  was  discontinued,  but  at  a  public  meeting  held  on  February  7  of  the  following  year,  a 
committee  was  appointed  to  provide  for  the  incorporation  of  a  hospital,  and  in  the  following  May  an  act 
creating  the  Brooklyn  City  Hospital  was  passed  by  the  legislature.  This  institution,  which  is  elsewhere 
more  fully  referred  to,  was  the  nucleus  from  which,  indirectly  at  least,  has  proceeded  that  large  nuiTjber  of 
hospitals,  dispensaries  and  other  similar  establishments  whose  architectural  beauty,  completeness  of 
appointment  and  effectiveness  of  service  constitute  one  of  the  grandest  testimonials  to  Brooklyn's  muni- 
cipal progress  and  of  the  public-spirited  liberality  of  her  citizens.  Of  no  class  of  citizens  has  Brooklyn 
greater  reason  to  be  proud  than  of  her  medical  men.  The  profession  in  this  city  has  always  been  repre- 
sentative of  sterling  integrity,  distinguished  ability  and  humane  and  charitable  effort.  Its  members  have 
made  enduring  record  for  skillful  service  rendered  in  combating  disease  and  death,  for  philanthropy 
among  the  poor  and  for  noble  intrepidity  in  the  face  of  pestilence  and  epidemic.  During  the  four  years 
following  April,  1861,  the  members  of  the  Kings  County  Medical  Society  rendered  gratuitous  professional 
services  to  the  families  of  volunteers  who  were  fighting  for  the  Union,  and  a  number  of  local  practitioners 
vclunteered  to  go  to  the  front.  The  first  homoeopathic  physician  to  establish  himself  in  Brooklyn  was  Dr. 
Robert  Rosman.  This  was  in  1840,  and  he,  with  the  other  pioneer  practitioners  in  the  new  school  of  medi- 
cine, met  with  much  opposition  on  the  part  of  the  allopaths.  The  law  required  that  every  practicing 
physician  should  be  a  member  of  the  county  medical  society,  and  this  gave  the  doctors  of  the  old  school  a 
pronounced  advantage  over  the  newcomers.  Dr.  Rosman  had  been  admitted  to  the  Kings  County  Medi- 
cal Society  without  opposition,  but  when  Drs.  A.  C.  Hull  and  P.  P.  Wells,  the  ne.xt  two  homoeopaths  who 
sought  to  practice  in  this  city,  applied  for  membership  they  were  refused,  the  society  making  use  of  its 
privilege  to  reject  such  applicants  as  they  might  declare  unworthy.  Dr.  Hull  took  the  matter  to  the  courts 
to  establish  his  qualification  for  membership.  Decision  was  rendered  in  his  favor,  but  his  opponents  by 
means  of  repeated  appeals,  until  the  case  reached  the  highest  court,  kept  the  matter  in  litigation  sixteen 
years.  Dr.  Hull  triumphed  finally,  however,  but  did  not  accept  membership  in  the  society,  for  on  November 
12,  1857,  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  of  Kings  County  was  incorporated,  and  he  became  its  first  presi- 
dent. Thenceforward  the  new  school  of  medicine  prospered  in  Brooklyn,  and  its  progress  was  marked  by 
the  establishment  from  time  to  time  of  the  present  system  of  pharmacies,  dispensaries  and  hospitals.  The 
eclectic  school  of  medicine  was  established  here  in  1847,  Dr.  D.  E.  Smith  being  its  first  exponent.  On 
October  i,  1S56,  the  Eclectic  Medical  Society  of  Kings  County  was  organized,  and  in  the  same  year 
the  Brooklyn  Academy  of  Medicine  was  established,  the  avowed  objects  of  its  members  being  to  investigate 
all  medical  methods,  without  prejudice,  and  to  adopt  the  best  means  of  curing  disease.  The  later  history 
of  medicine  and  surgery  in  this  city  has  been  one  of  continued  advancement,  and  the  attainment  of  dis- 
tinguished reputation  and  eminence  on  the  part  of  local  practitioners  in  the  various  branches  of  the  healing 
art ;  and  in  this  connection  is  given  some  account,  in  detail,  of  the  various  local  medical  and  surgical  insti- 
tutions. 

The  first  of  these  to  be  established,  the  Brooklvn  Hospital,  was  incorporated  on  May  8,  1845,  as 
the  "Brooklyn  City  Hospital."  Later  a  change  was  made  in  the  legal  title  of  the  institution  by  the 
omission  of  the  word  "city"  in  order  to  remove  the  prevailing  impression  that  it  was  a  municipal  institu- 
tion supported  from  the  city  treasury.  In  1848  the  growth  of  the  city  and  a  generous  gift  of  the  late 
Augustus  Graham  opened  the  way  for  more  extended  efforts.  The  present  hospital  at  DeKalb  avenue  and 
Raymond  street  was  opened  to  the  public  in  May,  1852.  The  Orthopedic  Dispensary  was  opened  in  1869 
to  meet  the  pressing  needs  of  the  more  dependent  class  of  citizens.  The  Training  School  for  Nurses  has 
developed  into  a  strong  and  successful  institution  and  is  now  doing  most  effective  work  in  connection  with 


HOSPITALS,  DISPENSARIES    AND    PHYSICIANS. 


663 


the  hospital.  A  home  for  the  nurses  has  recently  been  provided  on  the  hospital  grounds.  This  school  was 
organized  as  an  independent  institution.  The  initial  steps  of  establishment  were  taken  in  November,  18S0, 
by  a  few  ladies  who,  through  their  active  interest  in  the  Fruit  and  Flower  Charity  and  the  distrdnition  of 
its  gifts  in  the  hospitals  and  homes  of  the  city,  had  been  led  to  appreciate  the  pressing  need  for  better 
nursing  of  the  sick.  The  first  board  of  officers  consisted  of  Mrs.  A.  J.  Perry,  president  ;  Mrs.  C.  L. 
Mitchell,  vice-president  ;  Mrs.  Seth  Low,  corresponding  secretary  ;  Miss  Dora  B.  Robinson,  recording 
secretary  ;  William  G.  Low,  treasurer  ;  Mrs.  C.  T.  Pierce,  assistant  treasurer.  The  following  year  Mrs. 
Seth  Low  was  elected  president  and  held  that  office  until  1891,  when  the  Brooklyn  Training  School  for 
Nurses  passed  from  the  control  of  its  board  of  officers  and  managers  into  that  of  the  trustees  of  the  Brook- 
lyn Hospital,  becoming  an  integral  part  of  that  institution.  An  efficient  ambulance  service  was  established 
in  connection  with  the  hospital  in  1889.  The  officers  of  the  hospital  in  1892  were  :  William  G.  Low,  presi- 
dent ;  Henry  P.  Morgan,  vice-president  ;  Edward  Merritt,  treasurer ;  Edward  H.  Kidder,  secretary  ; 
Charles  V.  Dudley,  superintendent. 

What  is  now  known  as  the  Long  Island  Collkoe  Hospital  and  Training  School  for  Nurses  was 
chartered  by  the  legislature  in  1858.     It  was  the  successor  of  an  organization  which,  under  the  title  of  St. 


Long  Island  College  Hospital. 

John's  Hospital,  on  November  5,  1857,  took  charge  of  what  had  been  the  German  Dispensary  and  on  Decem- 
ber 23  of  the  same  year  opened  a  hospital  at  147  Court  street.  There  the  quarters  were  soon  found  to  be 
inadequate,  and  shortly  after  the  change  of  name  had  been  made  the  Perry  mansion  and  grounds,  in  the 
block  bounded  by  Pacific,  Henry  and  Amity  streets,  were  purchased.  There  the  Long  Island  College 
Hospital  was  established,  and  in  i860  the  medical  college  in  connection  with  it  was  fully  organized.  From 
time  to  time  alterations  and  additions  to  the  structure  were  made,  brick  and  stone  .took  the  place  of  wood, 
and  finally  the  present  admirably  appointed  structure  was  completed,  and  the  hospital  became  one  of  the 
best  and  most  conveniently  arranged  in  the  country.  It  was  not  without  a  hard  struggle,  however,  that  the 
institution  reached  its  present  prominent  position.  During  the  Civil  war  the  hospital  was  crowded,  a  large 
number  of  the  inmates  being  government  beneficiaries,  and  it  received  all  necessary  assistance  in  carrying  on 
its  work,  but  at  the  close  of  the  conflict  there  came  a  reaction  which  threatened  the  very  e-vistence  of  the 
hospital.  The  prospects  had  become  very  dark  indeed,  when  Drs.  Theodore  L.  Mason,  AVilliam  H.  Dudley 
and  Chauncey  L.Mitchell  offered  to  continue  the  work  at  their  own  expense.  Their  offer  was  accepted,  and 
they  succeeded  in  raising  enough  money  among  themselves  and  their  friends  to  pay  off  the  entire  intlebted- 
ness  of  the  institution.  Thenceforward  the  progress  of  the  Long  Island  College  Hospital,  if  not  at  all  times 
rapid,  has  been  at  least  continuous.     Its  accommodations  and  facilities  were  increased,  the  personnel  of  its 


664 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


staff  became  of  the  highest  order  of  experience  and  ability,  and  the  field  of  its  usefulness  constantly  widened. 
Its  medical  college  was  the  first  in  this  country  to  introduce  clinical  teaching,  by  which  effective  graded 
instruction  was  greatly  facilitated.  Connected  with  the  hospital  proper  are  a  dispensary,  an  ambulance 
system  and  a  training  school  for  nurses.  The  sources  of  income  include  an  annual  appropriation  of  $4,000 
from  the  city,  a  portion  of  the  excise  moneys,  the  amounts  received  from  paying  patients  and  subscriptions 
by  the  managers  and  their  friends.  The  government  of  the  institution  is  vested  in  a  board  of  regents  and 
a  medical  board,  and  there  is  also  a  faculty  of  the  hospital  and  a  faculty  of  the  college.  The  last  three 
bodies  constitute  a  joint  board,  which  submits  to  the  regents  such  plans  for  the  improvement  of  the  institu- 
tion as  may  be  agreed  upon.  Alexander  J.  C.  Skene,  M.  D.,  long  the  dean  of  the  faculty,  was  elected 
president  in  March,  1893,  and  was  succeeded  as  dean  by  J.  S.  Wight,  M.  D.  Thomas  S.  Moore  is  president 
of  the  board  of  officers,  succeeding  Thomas  H.  Rodman,  who  had  served  from  1875  to  the  time  of  his 
death  in  1S92.  The  total  number  of  graduates  from  the  institution  from  its  organization  until  June,  1892, 
was  1,336. 

The  Memorial  Hospital  for  AVomen  and  Children  (formerly  the  Brooklyn  Woman's  Homceo- 
pathic  Hospital  and  Dispensary)  was  founded  by  a  few  earnest  women,  who  had  consecrated  their  lives  to 
the  study  and  practice  of  medicine.  Impressed  with  the  need  for  medical  treatment  required  by  the  large 
number  of  shop  girls,  and  knowing  their  reluctance  to  go  to  the  public  hospitals  for  admission,  these 
women  opened  a  dispensary  on  Myrtle  avenue,  near  Grand  avenue,  in  1881.  Their  work  grew  and  incor- 
poration was  secured  in  April,  1883.  In  the  spring  of  1887,  as  the  need  for  hospital  accommodations 
became  more  apparent,  the  managers  hired  a  building  at  1318  Fulton  street,  where  a  few  patients  were 
received  and  another  dispensary  was  opened.  In  1890  a  building  at  811  Bedford  avenue  was  leased  and 
the  dispensary  work  was  all  consolidated.  In  1891  the  hospital  was  removed  to  200  South  Oxford  street 
where  a  larger  building  had  been  secured.  This  house  proved  inadequate  to  its  wants,  and  in  1892  the 
hospital  was  removed  to  808  Prospect  place.  In  1891  the  Memorial  Training  School  for  Nurses  was  incor- 
porated. The  staff  of  physicians  in  the  Memorial  Hospital  consists  exclusively  of  women.  The  officers  in 
1892  were:  Mrs.  J.  H.  Burtis,  president ;  Mrs.  J.  L.  Marcellus,  first  vice-president;  Mrs.  T.  W.  Lowell 
second  vice-president ;  Miss  A.  K.  Mirrielees,  recording  secretary  ;  Mrs.  A.  H.  Tifft,  corresponding  secre- 
tary ;   Mrs.  C.  C.  Martin,  treasurer. 

The  German  Hospital  Association  was  organized  in  1889  for  the  purpose  of  founding  a  general 
hospital  particularly,  but  not  exclusively,  for  Germans.  Several  years  were  spent  in  raising  funds  and 
acquiring  land,  and  1892  work  was  begun  toward  erecting  a  hospital  building  on  St.  Nicholas  avenue,  near 
Himrod  street.     John  H.  Doscher  is  president  of  the  association. 

The  Lutheran  Hospital  Association  maintains  an  institution  at  East  New  York  avenue  and  Carroll 
street  for  nursing  the  sick  and  wounded.  It  was  established  in  1881.  There  are  no  restrictions  as  to  the  age 
or  religious  affiliations  of  those  admitted.  Edward  Hanselt  is  president  of  the  association,  and  the  hospital 
is  in  charge  of  Miss  E.  E.  Roeselhi.     The  city  pays  $1,500  a  year  toward  the  expenses  of  the  institution. 

St.  Mary's  Hospital,  on  St.  Mark's  avenue,  between  Rochester  and  Buffalo  avenues,  is  under  the 
charge  of  the  Sisters  of  Charity.     The  ground  upon  which  the  structure  stands  occupies  an  entire  block, 

which  was  purchased  by  the 
late  Bishop  Loughlin  in  1878.  • 
On  October  18,  1879,  the 
corner-stone  of  the  hospital 
building  was  laid,  and  the 
first  patients  were  admitted 
the  latter  part  of  November, 
1882.  The  incorporators,  who 
also  constituted  the  first  board 
of  trustees,  were  the  Right 
Rev.  Bishop  Loughlin,  Rev. 
E.J.  O'Reilly,  John  D.  Iveiley, 
Jr.,  John  J.  Kiernan,  Dr.  John 
Byrne,  James  Clyne  and  three 
members  of  the  Order  of  St. 
A^incent  de  Paul.  St.  Mary's 
Hospital  is  non-sectarian,  and 
a  very  large  number  of  non- 
paying  patients  are  annually  treated  within  its  walls.  These  are  supported  by  contributions  and  money 
received  from  the  city  and  excise  funds.  The  medical  and  surgical  staff  of  the  hospital  includes  many  men 
who  have  attained  very  high  professional  positions  as  specialists. 


St.  Mary's  Hospital. 


HOSPITALS,  DISPENSARIES   AND    PHYSICIANS. 


66s 


St.  Catherine's  Hospital,  which  is  conducted  under  the  auspices  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church  of 
the  Most  Holy  Trinity,  was  established  in  1869  in  the  old  Thursby  farmhouse  on  Bushwick  avenue.  It 
soon  outgrew  its  original  quarters  and  the  erection  of  a  suitable  building  was  discussed.  A  location  was 
secured  on  Montrose  avenue  and  building  operations  continued  during  1874,  1875  and  1S76,  the  new 
hospital  being  first  occupied  on  September  8,  1876.  The  buildings  are  large,  convenient  and  finely  appointed, 
the  total  cost  of  land  and  structures  amounting  to  nearly  $250,000.  The  managers  of  the  hospital  are  the 
officers  of  the  church  under  whose  auspices  it  is  conducted. 

St.  John's  Hospital  and  the  Atlantic  Avenue  Dispensary  are  part  of  the  Church  Charity  Founda- 
tion of  Long  Island,  of  which  Bishop  Littlejohn  is  president,  the  work  being  conducted  entirely  by  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church  of  Long  Island.     The  hospital  and  dispensary  were   organized  by  a  special 


St.  John's  Hospital. 

committee  of  the  board  of  managers  in  the  summer  of  187 1,  and  located  at  1620  Fulton  street,  the  store 
being  used  as  a  dispensary  and  the  upper  floors  for  hospital  purposes.  Under  the  charge  of  Sister  Julia  the 
hospital  has  been  carried  on  twenty  years.  In  1872  the  hospital  was  moved  to  the  building  on  Herkimer 
street  now  used  as  a  home  for  the  aged,  and  the  dispensary  was  located  at  849  Atlantic  avenue.  In  1873 
the  managers  erected  a  separate  building  for  the  hospital.  This  was  succeeded  by  the  brick  structure  on 
the  corner  of  Atlantic  and  Albany  avenues,  which  was  completed  in  1883.  The  managers  of  the  hospital 
are  the  Rev.  S.  M.  Haskins,  D.  D.,  chairman,  the  Rev.  Chauncey  B.  Brewster,  W.  H.  Fleeman,  Lyman  R. 
Green,  James  S.  Connell,  Dr.  William  Wallace  and  C.  H.  Phillips.  The  managers  of  the  dispensary  are  the 
Rev.  H.  T.  Scudder,  J.  W.  Whiting  and  Thomas  Hegeman. 

The  establishment  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Hospital  was  suggested  in  an  editorial  article  pub- 
lished on  January  27,  1881,  in  the  Christian  Advocate,  in  which  the  duty  of  the  church  in  the  matter  of  provid- 
ing charitable  foundations  for  the  care  of  the  sick  was  strongly  urged.  In  its  issue  of  February  27  the  Christian 
Advocate  published  an  offer  from  George  I.  Seney,  of  Brooklyn,  to  give  a  site  in  Brooklyn  for  a  Methodist 
hospital  and  to  subscribe  $200,000  toward  the  expense  of  building  such  an  institution.  Following  this  a 
meeting  was  held  on  February  28  to  take  steps  for  the  acceptance  of  Mr.  Seney's  offer  and  the  carrying  out 
of  the  proposition.  As  a  result  of  that  meeting  the  legislature  was  asked  for  a  charter  and  it  was  granted, 
establishing  a  body  corporate  to  be  known  as  "The  Methodist  Episcopal  Hospital  in  the  City  of  Brooklyn." 
Under  this  charter  a  permanent  organization  was  effected  at  a  meeting  held  on  April  2,  i88r.  James  M. 
Buckley,  D.D.,  was  elected  president  and  James  N.  Fitzgerald,  D.  I).,  secretary  of  the  board  of  managers. 
A  building  committee  was  appointed,  and  it  was  announced  that  the  city  block  bounded  by  Seventh  and 
and  Eighth  avenues,  between  Si.xth  and  Seventh  streets,  had  been  purchased  by  Mr.  Seney,  who  had  secured 


666 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


the  title  to  the  hospital.  The  block  has  an  area  of  about  three  and  a  half  acres.  The  corner-stone  of  the 
main  central  building  was  laid  on  September  20,  1S82.  The  plan  of  the  hospital  contemplates  nine  build- 
ings, and  of  this  number  two  lateral  pavilions  were  begun  at  the  same  time  with  the  main  central  buildmg. 
In  May  18S4,  the  three  buildings  were  roofed  in  but  were  not  finished  ;  the  cost  of  land  and  the  expenses 
of  construction  until  that  date  represented  a  total  outlay  of  $410,000,  all  of  which  had  been  furnished  by 
Mr  Seney.  The  board  of  managers  then  undertook  the  occupation  of  the  buildings,  and  appealed  to  the 
Methodist' Episcopal  Church  for  funds  with  which  to  put  the  hospital  in  operation.  The  work  of  raising  the 
required  money  was  undertaken  first  by  the  Rev.  George  P.  Mains  and  later  by  the  Rev.  John  S.  Breckin- 
ridge whose  energetic  and  successful  labors  in  this  direction  continue  to  assist  the  great  enterprise  in  its 
progress  toward  completion.  One  of  the  pavilions  was  the  first  of  the  buildings  to  be  completed  and  on 
December  15,  1887,  it  was  dedicated  and  formally  opened  for  the  reception  of  the  sick.  Since  then  one 
floor  of  the  main  central  building  has  been  so  far  completed  as  to  permit  the  opening  of  a  ward  for  children 


Methodist  Episcopal  (Popularly  Called  the  "  Seney  ")  Hospital. 

and  a  number  of  rooms  for  private  patients,  while  in  the  basement  of  this  building  rooms  for  the  adminis- 
trative departments  of  the  institution  have  been  provided.  The  accommodations  of  the  hospital  in  1892 
allowed  for  the  care  of  about  seventy  patients,  and  there  had  been  established  an  active  ambulance  service 
which  responds  to  about  one  thousand  calls  in  a  year.  When  completed  the  hospital  will  be  one  of  the 
largest  and  most  admirably  equipped  institutions  of  the  kind  in  America,  containing  nearly  three  hundred 
beds  and  prepared  to  care  for  more  than  forty-five  hundred  patients  annually.  The  board  of  officers  con- 
sists of  James  M.  Buckley,  D.  D.,  president  ;  James  McGee,  vice-president ;  Lewis  S.  Pilcher,  M.  D.,  secre- 
tary; John  French,  treasurer;  Rev.  John  S.  Breckinridge,  superintendent. 

At  Kingston  avenue  and  Fenimore  street,  Flatbush,  a  short  distance  north  of  the  county  buildings,  is 
the  Brooklyn  Hospital  for  CoNrAGious  Diseases,  or  small-pox  hospital.  For  years  the  citizens  of 
Brooklyn  who  were  afflicted  with  contagious  or  infectious  diseases  were  removed  to  the  county  hospital,  but 
the  day  came  when  the  facilities  for  handling  such  diseases  there  were  inadequate  and  the  department  of 
heath,  represented  by  its  commissioner,  resolved  upon  the  erection  of  a  separate  building  for  the  purpose. 
The  fight  for  it  was  a  long  and  hard  one,  but  a  bill  passed  the  legislature  which  authorized  its  establishment 
and  appropriated  the  money  necessary  for  construction.  The  search  for  a  site  resulted  in  the  choice  of  a 
seven-acre  lot  at  the  point  above  named.  The  people  of  Flatbush  made  determined  but  unsuccessful 
opposition  to  the  enterprise  from  the  first,  and  after  the  building  was  completed  obtained  an  injunction 
restraining  the  health  department  from  making  use  of  it.  This  injunction  was  vacated,  and  after  a  whil^ 
local  opposition   to  the   establishment  died  out.      The  main,  or  administration  building,  is  a  handsome 


HOSPITALS,  DISPENSARIES    AND    PHYSICIANS. 


667 


two-story  and  basement  structure  with  a  frontage  of  eighty  feet,  a  depth  of  forty-four  and  a  large  extension. 
It  is  faced  with  Philadelphia  brick.  Back  of  this  administration  building  are  five  pavilions  of  wood  in  which 
the  patients  are  kept.  There  is  ground  in  plenty  for  the  construction  of  as  many  of  these  buildings  as 
the  necessities  of  the  occasion  may  require.  A  little  apart  from  the  administration  building  and  the 
pavilions  are  the  boiler-house  and  the  stable.  The  original  cost  of  the  hospital,  including  site,  was  about 
$60,000.  About  $12,000  covers  the  annual  cost  of  maintenance.  People  living  in  the  county  towns  are 
received  the  same  as  residents  of  the  city,  an  act  of  charity  which  is  really  a  safeguard  against  the  spread  of 
disease.  Treatment  is  free,  but  a  plan  is  now  on  foot  to  furnish  the  fifth  pavilion  for  patients  who  are  both 
able  and  willing  to  pay  for  their  treatment.  The  hospital  was  opened  in  November.  1891,  with  Henry  Bulwinkle, 
M.  D.,  as  superinten- 
dent. Although  a 
young  man  the  docter's 
success  at  the  head  of 
the  institution  has  been 
remarkable.  Until  the 
first  of  October,  1892, 
there  were  one  hun- 
dred and  forty-seven 
cases  in  his  charge,  of 
which  he  lost  only 
seventeen.  These 
cases  comprised  eighty 
of  small-pox,  with  ten 
deaths;  thirty  of  diph- 
theria, with  four 
deaths  ;  scarlet  fever, 
twenty-four,  with  two 
deaths ;  measles,  nine, 
with  one  death  ;  three 
cases  of  erysipelas  and 
one  of  yellow  fever, 
with  no  deaths.  A  won- 
derful record.  A.  P. 
Delette,  M.  D.,  is  assis- 
tant superintendent.  ■^■'-  ''"''''''  "-"'tal. 

The  late  Rev.  Joseph  Fransioli,  assisted  by  several  of  the  Sisters  of  the  Poor  of  St,  Francis,  established 
St.  Peter's  Hospital  in  the  double  house  at  Hicks  and  Congress  streets  in  1864,  and  besides  caring  for  a 
number  of  patients  during  that  year  they  gave  a  temporary  home  to  over  two  hundred  children  of  soldiers 
who  were  serving  in  the  Union  array.  The  hospital  was  incorporated  in  1866,  and  thenceforward  the 
accommodations  were  repeatedly  increased  until,  finally,  the  present  commodious  structure  was  erected. 
The  Sisters  of  St.  Francis,  who  have  charge  of  the  institution,  visit  the  homes  of  the  sick  poor  and  receive 
in  the  hospital  those  suffering  from  injuries  or  sickness,  regardless  of  creed  or  color.  There  are  at  this 
writing  170  patients  being  cared  for.  The  income  of  the  hospital  is  derived  from  city  and  excise  funds  and 
the  contributions  of  the  charitable.  The  field  of  beneficence  is  confined  to  no  particular  district,  as  patients 
from  all  parts  of  the  city  and  suburbs  are  received. 

The  Brooklyn  Hoiie  for  Consumptives  is  one  of  the  local  charitable  institutions  of  the  hospstal 
class  which  is  operated  altogether  on  the  broad  principles  of  humanity.  It  has  been  in  existence  about 
eleven  years,  although  the  present  quarters  were  not  established  until  1888,  and  during  that  time  it  has 
offered  to  consumptive  invalids  of  either  sex,  and  of  every  race,  creed  and  color,  succor  and  solace,  free  of 
cost.  Half  a  dozen  philanthropic  men  and  women,  having  learned  that  the  doors  of  all  the  city  hospitals 
were  closed  against  this  class  of  sufferers,  and  that  the  almshouse  was  their  only  refuge,  issued  a  call  to 
the  benevolent  people  of  Brooklyn,  with  the  object  of  discussing  the  ways  and  means  to  establish  an  insti- 
tution for  consumptives.  The  meeting  was  held  in  Plymouth  Church,  and  in  due  time  a  society  was  formed, 
and  later  incorporated  as  the  "Garfield  Memorial  Home."  In  August,  i888,  a  dwelling  house  was  rented 
on  Washington  avenue,  and  placed  in  charge  of  a  matron,  one  nurse  and  a  servant.  Eight  months  later,  as 
the  result  of  a  liberal  public  response,  the  trustees  were  enabled  to  purchase  the  building  at  219  Raymond 
street,  which  was  occupied  for  several  years,  until  the  institution  again  needed  larger  quarters.  The  first 
year  sixty-nine  persons  were  sheltered  and  nursed.  After  the  work  of  the  institution  had  expanded  and 
become  known  the  name  was  then  changed  to  the  Brooklyn  Home  for  Consumptives.     Several  lots  were 


668 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


purchased  soon  after  on  Kingston  avenue,  between  Douglass  and  Butler  streets,  on  which  a  new  Home  was 
erected  at  a  total  cost  of  about  $So,ooo,  It  is  a  neat  three-story  brick  structure  of  modern  architecture 
and  will  accommodate,  beside  the  staff  of  nurses,  employees,  etc.,  about  seventy-five  patients.  Fourteen  of 
the  beds  are  endowed,  and  none  remain  empty  long.  The  building  and  grounds  were  purchased  with  a 
fund  made  up  entirely  of  gifts  from  the  charitable  people  of  Brooklyn,  and  were  first  occupied  in  September 
iSSS.  As  all  the  patients  in  such  an  institution  are  very  weak — many  on  the  verge  of  death — requiring  the 
most  delicate  and  nutritious  of  foods,  the  cost  is  necessarily  heavy.  The  annual  expense  of  the  Brooklyn 
Home,  which  is  now  free  of  debt,  is  about  $20,000,  made  up  by  subscriptions,  with  the  exception  of  a  small 
state  appropriation  and  a  sum  from  the  excise  moneys.  Only  those  consumptives  who  are  utterly  destitute 
are  received.  Since  the  beginning  of  the  good  work  1,430  patients  have  been  cared  for,  many  of  whom 
have  been  discharged  improved,  and  even  cured.  During  the  year  1892  233  patients  were  admitted.  The 
officers  are  :  Mrs.  S.  V.  White,  president ;  IVIrs.  J.  S.  Plummer,  first  vice-president  ;  Mrs.  E.  L.  Molineux 
second  vice-president  ;  Mrs.  Thomas  Hewitt,  recording  secretary  ;  Mrs.  H.  B.  Piatt,  corresponding  secre- 
tary ;  Mrs.  Benjamin  Edson,  treasurer. 

The  Eastern  District  Hospital  and  Dispensary,  at  108  South  Third  street,  had  its  origin  in  the 
Williamsburgh  Dispensary,  which  was  established  on  September  i,  1851,  at  South  First  and  Fifth  streets 


Eastern  District  HospiT.-iL. 
largely  through  the  efforts  of  Captain  Samuel  Groves.  He  continued  president  of  the  dispensary  associa- 
tion until  his  death.  Among  the  first  physicians  of  the  staff  were  Drs.  C.  H  Schapps,  E.  M.  Colt  and  B. 
F.  Bassett.  Li  i860  the  dispensary  was  removed  to  165  Fourth  street,  and  subsequently  hospital  accom- 
modations were  provided,  and  the  institution  was  given  its  present  title.  Later  the  South  Third  street  site 
was  purchased,  and  what  is  now  one  of  the  finest  hospital  buildings  in  this  city  was  erected.  George  H. 
Fisher  is  president  of  the  board  of  trustees,  and  the  institution  is  under  the  charge  of  Dr.  E.  P.  OrreH.  It 
receives  a  share  of  city  and  excise  moneys.  During  the  year  1891  the  board  of  trustees  purchased  land 
adjoining  the  hospital  building,  and  in  1892  began  the  erection  thereon  of  an  additional  wing  for  dispensary 
uses,  intending  to  reserve  the  main  building  exclusively  for  a  hospital. 

The  Long  Island  Throat  and  Lung  Hospital  and  People's  Dispensary,  which  is  located  at 
1025  Gates  avenue,  near  Broadway,  was  incorporated  on  May  31,  1889,  and  reincoiporated  on  March  24, 
1891,  to  furnish  special  treatment  to  those  afflicted  with  diseases  of  the  nose,  throat,  eyes,  ears  and  lungs,  the 
treatment  to  l>e  free  to  the  worthy  poor.  Its  board  of  directors  is  composed  of  representative  citizens  and 
prominent  clergymen.  D.  M.  Woolley,  M.  D.,  instructor  in  diseases  of  the  ear,  eye  and  throat  in  the  New 
York  Polyclinic  Hospital,  is  surgeon-in-chief,     Much  good  work  has  been  done  for  this   hospital  by  the 


HOSPITALS,  DISPENSARIES    AND    PHYSICIANS. 


669 


churches  and  the  Ladies'  Auxiliary  Society.  The  officers  of  the  hospital  association  are  :  Thomas  J.  Kenna, 
president;  Benjamin  Lewis,  first  vice-president;  Rev.  James  S.  Chadwick,  1).  D.,  second  vice-president; 
George  H.  Fisher,  counsel  ;  Frank  P.  Sellers,  treasurer  ;  D.  Morris  Woolley,  M,  D.,  secretary. 

The  Brooklyn  Throat  Hospit.^l,  at  Bedford  avenue  and  South  Third  street,  one  of  the  most  admir- 
able and  useful  institutions  in  the  state  for  the  treatment  of  the  nose,  throat,  eye,  ear  and  lungs,  was 
founded  largely  through  the  efforts  of  Dr.  Reuben  Jeffery,  and  was  opened  to  the  public  in  1889;  B.  G. 
Latimer  being  the  first  president  and  Rev.  Henry  A.  Powell,  D.  D.,  the  first  secretary.  It  is  non-sectarian, 
and  its  affairs  are  managed  by  a  board  of  fifty  directors,  the  present  officers  being  :  Henry  A.  Powell, 
president ;  Andrew  D.  Baird  and  J.  Henry  Dick,  vice-presidents  ;  Robert  P.  Lethbridge,  treasurer  ;  and 
Robert  L.  Wensley,  secretary.  There  is  a  staff  of  eighteen  physicians.  The  average  number  of  inmates  is 
fifty,  and  23,000  patients  were  treated  in  the  out-door  department  during  1S92.  The  hospital  is  supported 
by  voluntary  contributions. 


HoMCEOP.-iTHic  Hospital. 

The  Brooklyn  Homieopathic  Hospital  had  its  beginning  in  December,  1S52,  as  the  Brooklyn  Homoe- 
pathic  Dispensary,  which  was  incorporated  for  the  gratuitous  medical  relief  of  the  sick  and  destitute  by 
means  of  homoeopathic  remedies.  Its  incorporators  were  Edward  W.  Dunham,  John  A.  Davenport,  Theo- 
dore Victor,  Samuel  G.  Arnold,  Sheldon  P.  Church,  John  N.  Taylor,  Albert  G.  Allen,  Edward  Corning  and 
Alfred  S.  Barnes.  The  dispensary  began  its  work  at  50  Court  street,  and  twelve  years  later  moved  to  178 
Atlantic  avenue,  where  it  remained  until  187  i.  In  that  year  an  act  of  the  legislature  was  passed,  changing 
the  name  of  the  dispensary  to  the  Brooklyn  Homoeopathic  Hospital.  The  act  increased  the  number  of  its 
trustees  to  thirty-five.  In  1882  the  number  of  the  trustees  was,  by  another  act  of  the  legislature,  increased  to 
fifty.  The  dispensary  continued  its  work  in  Atlantic  avenue  until  187 1,  when  Dr.  A.  E.  Sumner  secured  the 
premises  on  Cumberland  street  and  Carlton  avenue,  between  Myrtle  and  Park  avenues,  which  were  formerly 
owned  by  the  Brooklyn  Orphan  Asylum,  and  upon  which  there  was  an  old  but  substantial  building.  The 
work  of  the  institution  progressed  so  rapidly  that  it  was  soon  found  necessary  to  increase  the  size  of  the 
building  by  adding  a  wing  at  the  southerly  end.  Later  another  wing  was  added  at  the  north  end,  running 
from  the  back  of  the  old  building  to  Carlton  avenue.  Again  the  institution  outgrew  its  facilities,  and  in 
1888  the  trustees  determined  to  erect  an  entirely  new  building,  the  two  wings  being  used  and  incorporated 
in  the  structure.  The  premises  now  consist  of  eight  full  city  lots,  100  feet  on  Cumberland  street  and  run- 
ning through  to  Carlton  avenue,  a  distance  of  200  feet.  In  1880  a  training  school  for  nurses  was  established. 
The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1882.  Since  that  time  there  have  been  graduated  in  all  seventy-si.x  nurses. 
One  of  the  most  important  organizations  connected  with  the  hospital  is  the  Ladies'  Aid  Association,  founded 


670 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


1 


in  1S74,  upon  whose  efforts  the  hospital  largely  depends  for  the  means  to  meet  its  expenses.  It  has  given 
public  social  festivities  and  entertainments,  by  which  the  revenues  of  the  hospital  have  been  largely  increased 
The  establishment  of  the  likooicrA'N  Eye  and  E.ar  Hi^spital  was  primarily  due  to  tlie  efforts  of  Drs 
A.  Matthewson  and  H.  Newton.  These  gentlemen,  realizing  the  need  of  such  an  institution,  consulted  in 
1S68  with  I^rs.  C  R.  Agnew,  E.  G.  Loring  and  Daniel  R  St.  John  Roosa,  of  New  York,  upon  the  subject 
The  project  was  favorably  considered  and  the  five  doctors  already  mentioned  associated  themselves  with  a 
score  or  more  of  lirooklyn's  influential  and  charitable  citizens  and  formed  the  Brooklyn  Eye  and  Ear  Hos- 
pital Association.  The  first  meeting  was  held  in  the  spring  of  1868,  a  permanent  organization  formed  and 
officers  elected.  The  institution  was  incorporated  on  May  4,  1868,  and  a  house  at  Johnson  and  Wash- 
ington streets  was  rented.  These  quarters  were  soon  outgrown  and  in  a  short  time  the  building  at  iqo 
Washington  street  was  bought,  where  the  work  of  the  hospital  greatly  increased.  In  1882  the  house  at  qa 
Livingston  street,  which  is  now  occupied,  was  purchased  at  a  cost  of  $48,500.  It  was  enlarged  and  reno- 
vated in  1891  at  an  expense  of  $6,000.  In  1873  ths  treatment  of  the  skin  and  throat  was  added  to  that  of 
the  eye  and  ear,  and  in  1878  the  treatment  of  nervous  diseases  was  also  included.  In  1891  the  hospital 
treated  10,567  people.  The  total  number  of  cases  received  since  April  15,  1S68,  when  the  hospital  was 
opened,  until  December  31,  1891,  was  117,168,  The  present  officers  are  :  Cornelius  D.  Wood,  president  • 
Thomas  E.  Stillman,  vice-president  ;  A.  D.  Wheelock,  treasurer  ;  F.  H.  Colton,  M.  D.,  secretary. 


Kings  Cou.vtv  Hospital. 

The  Kings  County  Hospital  is  one  of  the  county  institutions  at  Flatbush,  and  has  been  in  operation 
since  1837.  It  is  intended  for  the  destitute  sick,  without  restriction  as  to  age,  and  is  under  the  supervision 
of  the  board  of  commissioners  of  charities  and  corrections.  The  cost  of  its  maintenance  in  1892,  when  the 
total  number  of  inmates  was  3,080,  was  $79,75°-     J-  T.  Duryea,  M.  D.,  is  the  medical  superintendent. 

The  Norwegian  Lutheran  Deaconesses'  Home  and  Hospital,  at  Forty-sixth  street  and  Fourth 
avenue,  is  for  the  relief  of  suffering  Norwegians  without  regard  to  age.  It  is  a  denominational  institution, 
and  was  founded  in  1886.    C.  Ullenass  is  president,  and  Sister  Elizabeth  Fedde  has  charge  of  the  institution. 

The  Chinese  Hospital  Association  was  incorporated  on  January  5,  1891.  It  is  a  result  of  the  efforts 
of  the  "King's  Daughters  for  China."  The  objects  of  the  association  are  to  maintain  a  hospital  for  the 
treatment  of  Chinese  afflicted  with  diseases  not  contagious.  Following  are  the  first  and  present  officers  of 
the  society  :  Edward  Braislin,  D.  D.,  president  ;  Dr.  Nelson  B.  Sizer,  secretary  ;  Dr.  Charles  E.  Bruce,  treas- 
urer;  Mrs.  N.  B.  Sizer,  assistant  treasurer;  Dr.  Joseph  C.  Thomas,  superintendent;  Drs.  William  A.  Little, 
C.  E.  Bruce,  and  N.  B.  Sizer,  medical  staff.  The  hospital  is  located  at  45  Hicks  street,  where  until  May 
I,  1892,  76  patients  had  been  admitted.  A  ladies'  auxiliary  board,  under  the  presidency  of  Mrs.  N.  B.  Sizer, 
assists  in  the  work. 


HOSPITALS,  DISPENSARIES    AND   PHYSICIANS.  671 

The  Brooklyn  Maternity,  in  connection  with  which  is  the  New  York  State  Training  School  for 
Nurses,  is  the  outcome  of  the  work  of  several  charitable  ladies  who,  in  the  fall  of  1870,  held  a  meeting  to 
discuss  the  project.  The  first  regular  meeting  of  the  organization  was  held  in  January,  187 1,  when  the  fol- 
lowing officers  were  elected  :  Mrs.  B.  C.  Mitchell,  first  directress  ;  Mrs.  A.  Burtis,  second  directress  ;  Mrs. 
C.  E.  Arbuckle,  third  directress  ;  Mrs.  W.  T.  Coale,  treasurer  ;  Mrs.  Tobias  New,  corresponding  secretary  ; 
Miss  Mary  A.  Downs,  recording  secretary.  The  Maternity  was  incorporated  in  February  of  the  same  year 
under  the  title  of  the  Brooklyn  Homoeopathic  Lying-in  Asylum.  Subsequently  a  charter  was  obtained 
for  a  nursery,  a  woman's  and  children's  hospital  and  lastly  a  branch  of  the  New  York  State  Training  School 
for  Nurses;  this  being  the  first  school  of  the  kind  established  in  the  United  States.  The  title  of  the 
Brooklyn  Maternity  was  then  adopted.  The  property  now  occupied  by  the  institution,  at  46  and  48  Con- 
cord street,  was  purchased  in  1873.  This  has  recently  been  sold  and  land  for  new  buildings  has  been  pur- 
chased and  a  building  fund  instituted. 

Not  a  few  prominent  physicians  have  received  material  benefit  from  their  early  training  in  the  Brooklyn 
City  Dispens.^ry,  which  was  opened  to  the  public  on  August  10,  1846,  and  incorporated  on  March  13,  1850. 
It  was  moved  about  to  various  localities  from  time  to  time,  until  in  1864  the  trustees  raised  sufficient 
money  to  purchase  and  equip  a  building  on  Tillary  street,  between  Fulton  and  Washington  streets.  The 
premises  were  admirably  arranged  for  its  purposes  and  a  thoroughly  competent  medical  and  surgical  staff 
was  secured,  and  the  character  of  xX.'i personnel  has  ever  since  been  maintained.  The  extent  of  the  benefi- 
cent work  accomplished  by  the  dispensary  is  shown  by  the  fact  that  during  1890-1891  there  ware  34,592 
patients  treated  and  34,853  prescriptions  given  out.  The  officers  of  the  institution  in  1892  were:  Samuel 
Rowland,  president;  R.  S.  Bussing,  vice-president;  Leonard  C.  Bond,  treasurer;  Henry  Warren  Beebe, 
secretary. 

The  Brooklyn  Central  Dispensary  was  established  on  August  i,  1855,  at  the  corner  of  Fulton  street 
and  Hanson  place,  in  response  to  a  demand  in  the  upper  part  of  the  city  for  free  medical  service  and 
medicine  that  the  Brooklyn  City  Dispensary  could  not  supply.  The  incorporators  of  the  institution  were 
the  Rev.  Josiah  West,  James  Van  Dyk,  William  Swift,  Wm.  B.  Badge,  T.  L.  Majaganos,  William  H.  Hallock, 
Ale.xis  H.  Crittenden  and  D.  Thompkins  Dodge.  The  dispensary  was  moved  to  Flatbush  avenue  and 
Nevins  street  in  1858.  Drs.  Crittenden,  Hallett,  Swift,  Gray,  Teller  and  Black  formed  the  first  volunteer 
medical  staff.  On  May  i,  1870,  the  dispensary  was  located  at  104  Flatbush  avenue,  where  it  remained 
until  the  increased  number  of  patients  necessitated  a  removal  to  larger  quarters.  The  building  at  29  Third 
street  was  purchased  by  the  trustees  in  March,  1890,  and  entirely  remodeled  to  suit  the  needs  of  the 
dispensary.  During  August,  1855,  there  were  114  patients  treated  ;  during  February,  1892,  the  number  of 
patients  was  1,931.  The  present  officers  are:  Theophilus  Olena,  president;  Thomas  E.  Pearsall  and 
Michael  H.  Haggarty,  vice-presidents  ;  N.  H.  Clement,  treasurer  ;  George  V.  Brower,  secretary. 

The  Southern  Dispensary  and  Hospital,  at  119  Third  place,  was  located  there  shortly  after  its 
incorporation  in  1874.  It  was  established  at  Sackett  and  Court  streets  the  year  previous,  with  Dr.  Nathaniel 
Ford  as  its  first  president.  Theodore  Ritter  now  holds  that  office  and  the  institution  is  under  the  charge 
of  Dr.  L.  W.  Pearson.     It  receives  an  annual  appropriation  from  the  city  and  excise  funds. 

The  Bedford  Dispensary  was  established  by  Drs.  William  Waterworth  and  W.  E.  Conroy  in  October, 
1880,  and  was  supported  by  their  voluntary  efforts  for  nearly  a  year.  The  great  increase  in  the  number  of 
patients  in  that  time  led  to  the  incorporation  of  the  institution  in  June,  1881,  by  William  G.  Hoople,  George 
Stannard,  H.  L.  Judd,  Thomas  P.  Wilkinson,  Oliver  P.  Edgerton  and  H.  Waller  Brinckerhoff.  The  officers 
for  the  first  year  were  the  above-named  gentlemen,  as  trustees,  with  William  G.  Hoople,  president  ;  Thomas 
P.  Wilkinson,  vice-president  ;  George  Stannard,  treasurer  ;  H.  Waller  Brinckerhoff,  secretary.  The  medi- 
cal staff  consists  of  Drs.  William  Waterworth,  Jared  Wilson,  and  A.  M.  Curry ;  Dr.  C.  F.  Dubois,  dentist, 
and  a  number  of  consulting  physicians.  There  is  also  a  ladies'  visiting  committee.  The  institution  during 
its  period  of  early  growth  moved  from  one  place  to  another  on  Fulton  street.  Later  two  frame  buildings 
on  Ralph  avenue,  near  Atlantic,  were  obtained  and  converted  into  a  suitable  house  for  the  work  and  in 
May,  1892,  the  new  building  was  opened. 

The  Bush  wick  and  East  Brooklyn  Dispensary,  at  Myrtle  and  Lewis  avenues,  was  opened  on  March 
I,  1878,  under  the  auspices  of  members  of  St.  Barnabas'  and  St.  Matthew's  P.  E.  churches,  a  charter  having 
been  previously  obtained.  The.  institution  soon  covered  a  wide  field  of  usefulness,  and  numbered  among  its 
officers  and  staff  a  number  of  representative  men.  Dr.  Edward  Braislin  is  president  of  the  association,  and 
Dr.  J.  C.  Thoms  is  in  charge  of  the  dispensary. 

The  Brooklyn  Medical  Mission  No.  i  was  established  in  March,  1887,  as  the  Red  Hook  Dispensary, 
No.  I,  by  Dr.  Le  Lacheur  as  a  branch  of  the  International  Medical  Missionary  Society,  for  the  purpose 
of  combining  Christian  instruction  with  medical  charity.  The  mission  is  located  at  412  Van  Brunt  street, 
and  there  is  a  Brooklyn  Medical  Mission,  No,  2,  at  305  Concord  street,  the  latter  having  been  organized  in 
1889.     Dr.  William  Stewart  has  charge  of  both  branches. 


672  THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 

The  Brooklyn  Diet  Dispensary  is  unique  among  the  charitable  institutions  of  this  city.  It  was 
established  for  the  purpose  of  supplying  the  indigent  sick  \tith  nourishing  food,  on  the  certificate  of  a 
physician  that  such  was  requisite  to  the  successful  treatment  of  the  case.  It  is  sustained  by  voluntary  sub- 
scriptions, and  by  the  appropriations  from  the  state  and  e.xcise  funds  ;  its  accounts  have  never  yet  exhibited 
a  balance  on  the  wrong  side  of  the  ledger.  The  institution  is  possessed  of  a  certain  permanent  income  from 
sources  which,  including  the  Julia  E.  Brick  fund  of  $5,000,  aggregate  in  value  $7,559-  The  main  office,  where 
the  meetings  of  the  directors  are  held,  is  situated  in  the  frame  building  at  21  DeKalb  avenue,  and  there  are 
additional  dispensaries  at  883  Myrtle  avenue,  289  Sackett  street,  379  South  First  street,  86  Dikeman  street 
and  39  Sumpter  street.  The  institution  dates  from  a  meeting  held  on  the  evening  of  December  29,  1875,  at 
the  residence  of  Mrs.  George  Stannard,  381  Franklin  avenue.  The  following  officers  were  appointed  to 
manage  the  organization  during  the  first  year  of  its  existence  ;  Mrs.  George  Stannard,  president ;  Mrs.  F.  B. 
Fisher,  vice-president;  John  W.  Hunter,  treasurer;  Mrs.  J.  C.  Hoagland,  assistant  treasurer;  Mrs.  James 
Scrimgeour,  secretary.  The  dispensary  was  incorporated  on  March  5,  1877,  by  Mrs.  George  Stannard,  Mrs. 
F.  B.  Fisher,  Mrs.  James  Thompson,  Mrs.  J.  C.  Hoagland  and  the  Misses  Alice  Hewitt  and  A.  W.  Gleason. 
The  first  kitchen  was  opened  at  49  High  street,  and  the  dispensaiy  established  its  first  branch,  on  Atlantic 
avenue,  on  June  4,  1877.  From  the  six  dispensaries  ministering  to  the  needy  in  various  portions  of  the  city, 
more  than  six  thousand  patients  are  annually  benefited.  The  officers  of  the  dispensary  are  :  Mrs.  J.  S. 
Plummer,  president ;  Mrs.  Peter  Bogert,  treasurer  ;  Mrs.  R.  B.  Fithian,  recording  secretary  ;  Mrs.  George 
A.  Allin,  corresponding  secretary. 

On  June  26,  1889,  a  charter  was  granted  to  St.  Martha's  Sanitarium  and  Dispensary,  which  was  estab- 
lished for  the  treatment  of  chronic  and  incurable  diseases  other  than  consumption.  The  institution  was  at 
first  located  on  Washington  avenue,  but  subsequently  the  grounds  and  buildings  at  Dean  street  and  Kings- 
ton avenue  were  purchased  at  a  cost  of  about  $30,000.  The  progress  of  St.  Martha's  during  its  existence 
has  been  marked  by  the  relief  of  much  suffering  and  a  constantly  increasing  demand  upon  its  resources. 
The  work  of  the  institution  has  met  with  a  wide  appreciation  and  has  been  from  time  to  time  advanced  by 
life  endowments,  donations  and  church  collections.  The  board  of  officers  consists  of  Miss  Thomasine 
Mary  Kearny,  president  ;  the  Rev.  William  G.  Webb,  vice-president ;  Mrs.  George  W.  Dickinson,  secretary  ; 
James  C.  Abbott,  treasurer  ;  Mrs.  C.  E.  Hyatt,  chairman  executive  committee. 

The  Gates  Avenue  Homoeopathic  Dispensary  was  established  on  February  19,  1867.  The  institution 
was  incorporated  by  Thomas  L.  Thorp,  John  Simpkins,  John  B.  Norris,  Peter  Noltiman,  Myron  H.  Strong, 
Volney  Aldridge  and  Grosvenor  Lowrey,  on  charter  bearing  the  date  of  March  9,  1867.  The  first  house 
physician  was  Dr.  S.  Hopkins  Keep,  brother  of  Dr.  J.  Lester  Keep,  one  of  the  principal  movers  in  the 
organization.  Dr.  S.  Hopkins  succeeded  Dr.  Keep  on  January  i,  1880,  and  served  until  his  death  in 
October,  1887.  During  this  time  the  dispensary  was  located  at  the  junction  of  Gates  and  Fulton  avenues. 
On  October  i,  1885,  the  trustees  purchased  the  brick  building  at  13  Gates  avenue  and  fitted  up  the  second 
floor  for  dispensary  purposes.  This  is  the  present  home  of  the  institution.  The  dispensary  work  has 
grown  largely  but  has  been  fully  equaled  by  the  outside  work  of  the  physicians,  which  is  entirely  one  of 
private  charity.  The  officers  are  :  Robert  D.  Benedict,  president  ;  Wm.  B.  Boorum,  treasurer  ;  V.  Aldridge, 
secretary. 

The  Eastern  District  Hom(£Opathic  Dispensary,  at  194  and  196  South  Third  street,  is  an  unsec- 
tarian  institution  which  furnishes  medical  aid  to  the  sick  poor.  It  was  incorporated  on  March  14,  1872, 
through  the  efforts  of  the  late  Dr.  William  Wright  and  a  number  of  other  prominent  citizens,  the  first  offi- 
cers having  been  Dr.  Wright,  president ;  James  A.  Faulkner,  secretary  ;  and  William  E.  Horwell,  treasurer. 
A  portion  of  its  income  is  derived  from  city  and  excise  funds.  George  V.  Tompkins  was  president  in  1892, 
the  dispensary  being  under  the  charge  of  Dr.  J.  Albro  Eaton. 

The  Central  Homieopathic  Dispensary  had  its  inception  in  September,  1883,  at  a  meeting  held  at 
the  residence  of  Mrs.  Almeda  M.  Pond,  14  Spencer  street.  The  institution  was  incorporated  a  month  later. 
The  dispensary  is  located  on  the  second  floor  of  39  Sumpter  street  and  is  under  the  medical  direction  of  Dr. 
Edward  W.  Avery.  The  present  officers  are  :  Mrs.  William  Hart,  president  ;  Mrs.  John  F.  Cook,  vice- 
president ;  Mrs.  Henry  M.  Johnson,  secretary;  Mr.  Jerome  Allen,  treasurer. 

The  Lucretia  Mott  Dispensary  affords  medical  and  surgical  treatment  to  women  and  children  by 
women  practitioners.  It  was  established  on  October  31,  1S81,  and  incorporated  soon  afterward.  It  is 
under  the  charge  of  Anna  F.  Rowe,  M.  D.  ;  the  Rev.  S    H.  Camp  is  president. 

Dr.  Wells'  Sanitarium,  a  private  institution  designed  for  the  care  of  that  class  of  female  patients 
who  suffer  from  nervous  or  mental  diseases,  yet  do  not  require  the  restraint  of  a  large  asylum,  is  located  at 
945  St.  Mark's  avenue.     It  is  under  the  personal  supervision  of  the  proprietor,  Thomas  L.  Wells,  M.  D. 

The  Faith  Home  for  Incurables  was  established  on  December  2,  1878,  at  112  Lexington  avenue,  for 
the  purpose  of  caring  for  incurable  invalids.  In  1880  A.  S.  Barnes,  together  with  other  friends  of  the  charity, 
built  a  commodious  edifice  at  Classon  avenue  and  Park  place  for  the  use  of  the  Home.     This  building  will 


HOSPITALS,  DISPENSARIES   AND    PHYSICIANS. 


673 


accommodate  about  fifty  patients.  The  property  of  the  Home  is  valued  at  about  $40,000  and  it  has  an 
mcome  about  sufficient  for  its  wants.  Following  is  the  board  of  officers  :  C.  D.  Wood,  president ;  James  M 
Ham,  treasurer  ;  Dr.  S.  B.  Childs,  secretary  ;   Miss  A.  H.  Campbell,  manager. 

With  the  object  of  redeeming  those  addicted  to  the  use  of  intoxicating  liquors  and  furnishing  an 
asylum  where  they  would  be  removed  from  temptation  and  receive  skilled  and  effective  treatment,  the 
Inebriates'  Home  for  Kings  County  was  incorporated  on  May  9,  1867.     A  temporary  home  was  estab- 


Inebriates'  Home,  Fort  Hamilton. 

lished  at  Bushwick  avenue  and  Chestnut  street  on  October  10,  of  the  same  year.  Subsequently  the  sum  of 
$200,000  was  provided,  to  be  paid  out  of  excise  receipts,  for  the  erection  of  suitable  buildings.  This 
money  was  converted  into  United  States  bonds  and  finally  the  present  home,  near  Fort  Hamilton,  was 
built.  George  Hall,  J.  S.  T.  Stranahan  and  Dr.  Theodore  L.  Mason  have  been  presidents  of  the  institution. 
That  office  is  now  occupied  by  G.  G.  Herman,  Dr.  J.  A.  Blanchard  being  the  superintendent,  with  194 
inmates  under  his  charge. 

Other  local  medical  and  surgical  institutions  are  the  Nose,  Throat  and  Lung  Dispensary,  at  545 
Fulton  street  ;  the  Atlantic  Avenue  Dispensary,  at  Atlantic  and  Waverly  avenues  ;  the  Eclectic  Dis- 
pensary, 142  Prince  street  ;  the  Hahnemann  Dispensary,  130  Gold  street ;  the  Hillsiue  Homceopathic 
Dispensary,  478  Bergen  street ;  the  Helping  Hand  Dispensary,  266  Jay  street  ;  the  Polyclinic  Dis- 
pensary, on  Myrtle  avenue,  near  Central  avenue  ;  and  St.  Mary's  Maternity,  155  Dean  street. 


physicians  and  surgeons. 

Dr.  Alexander  J.  C.  Skene,  president  of  the  Long  Island  College  Hospital,  not  only  has  taken  a  high 
position  in  the  ranks  of  his  profession,  but  is  conceded  to  be  one  of  the  ablest  gynecologists  in  the  United 
States.  Nor  is  he  distinguished  by  these  considerations  alone,  for  he  shines  as  a  lover  of  the  fine  arts  ;  not 
altogether  an  admirer  of  the  moment,  but  an  ardent  and  penetrating  student,  and  one  who  endeavors  to  put 
into  practice  the  suggestions  received  from  his  readings.  In  addition  he  has  been,  in  war  and  in  peace,  a 
defender  of  the  Union  and  a  lover  of  the  free  institutions  of  the  country,  a  thoroughly  upright  citizen,  a 


674  THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 

Brooklynite  in  sympathies,  and  a  courteous  man  at  all  times.    A  race  of  warriors,  statesmen  and  professional 
men,  closely  identified  with  a  great  part  of  the  history  of  Scotland,  is  the  family  to  which  he  claims  kinship, 
and  which  he  honors  in  no  less  degree  than  any  of  the  eminent  ones  who  have  gone  before  him.     The 
genesis  of  the  history  of  the  Skenes  is  told  in  a  story  to  the  effect  that  when  Malcolm  II.,  king  of  Scotland, 
was  returning  from  the  defeat  of  the  Danes,  at  Mortloch  in  Moray,  in  loio,  he  was  pursued  by  a  ravenous 
wolf,  which  was  about  to  attack  him,  when  a  young  son  of  Donald  of  the  Isles  thrust  his  arm,  which  was 
wound  in  the  plaid,  into  the  wolf's  mouth  and  with  his  dagger  slew  the  beast.     The  king,  appreciating  the 
boldness  of  the  action,  gave  to  the  young  man  certain  lands  which  now  form  the  parish  of  Skene  in  Aber- 
deenshire.    This  incident   gave   rise   to  the  family  name  Skene,   meaning  a  dagger  or  dirk  ;  and  a  dirk 
occupied,  together  with  three  wolves'  heads,  a  very  conspicuous  place  in   the  family's  armorial  bearings. 
Colonel  Philip  Skene,  of  the  British  army,  one  of  the  doctor's  ancestors,  was  a  leading  participator  on  the 
royalist  side  in  the  military  movements  in  northern  New  York  during  the  revolutionary  war.     Before  the 
war  he  engaged  with  Lord  Howe,  in  1756,  in  the  attack  on  Ticonderoga,  and  afterwards  with  Lord  Amherst 
at  its  capture,  and  that  of  Crown  Point.    To  strengthen  the  British  hold  on  Canada,  Colonel  Skene  received 
a  large  grant  of  land  on  Lake  Champlain,  and  founded  on  Wood  Creek  the  town  of  Skenesborough,  now 
Whitehall,  N.  Y.      He  developed  the  commerce  and  industries  of   the  country  about  him,  and  became 
governor  of  Crown  Point,  colonel  in  the  local  militia,  judge  and  postmaster.     His  loyalty  to  the  British 
during  the  revolution  swept  away  the  benefits  of  all  these  services.     The  British  burned  Skenesborough 
when  they  evacuated  it,  and  after  the  war  the  Americans  attainted  him  and  his  son,  Major  Andrew  Skene, 
of  treason  and  confiscated  their  estates.    In  the  parish  of  Fyvie,  Aberdeenshire,  in  the  year  1838,  Dr.  Skene 
was  born.     His  childhood  and  youth  were  spent  there,  and  at  the  age  of  nineteen  he  embarked  for  this 
country.     He  had  become  possessed  of  a  strong  desire  to  study  medicine,  and  was  also  intensely  fond  of 
zoological  studies.     Immediately  on  his  arrival  in  this  country  he  entered  the  University  of  Michigan,  and 
from  there  he  proceeded  to  the  Long  Island  College  Hospital,  from  which  institution  he  was  graduated  in 
the  year  1863.     He  took  his  diploma  when  the  Civil  war  was  in  its  hottest  period,  and  the  moment  he  saw 
an  opportunity  for  his  usefulness  he  proffered  the  government  his  services  and  went  to  the  front.     He 
rendered  signal  service,  and  in  the  midst  of  his  exciting  duties  found  time  to  evolve  a  plan  which  is  adopted 
to-day  in  the  army  corps  and  among  the  state  militia,  namely,  an  ambulance  corps.    On  joining  the  army  he 
was  delegated  assistant  surgeon  at  Port  Royal  and  Charleston  Harbor,  S.  C,  and  afterward  at  Decamp's 
hospital,  David's  Island.     Before  he  went  to  the  front  he  had  been  appointed  an  assistant  to  Dr.  Austin 
Flint,  professor  of  the  institutes  and  practice  of  medicine.     When  the  war  was  over  he  returned  to  his 
alma  mater,  having  received  the  appomtment  of  adjunct  professor  at  the  Long  Island  Hospital  Medical 
College,  with  which  he  has  been  connected  ever  since.     During  his  service  at   the  hospital  he  has  been 
brought  into  consultation  on  a  thousand  critical  cases.     Diagnosing  has  always  been  his  forte,  though  it 
must  be  said  in  addition  that  few  men  are  able  to  control  instruments  with  the  same  deft  hand.     He  is 
a  frequent  contributor  to  the  medical  journals  on  the  subjects  in  which  he  is  recognized  as  an  authority. 
He  is  the  author  of  what  is  generally  conceded  to  be  the  best  work  ever  written  on  the  diseases  of  women. 
It  was  published  by  Appleton  in  1883,  and  contains  the  results  of  twenty  years  of  experience.     The  book 
has  had  a  vast  circulation,  and  was  lauded  by  the  medical  authorities  of  Europe  as  liberally  as  it  was 
here.     In  addition  to  his  presidency  of  the   Long  Island  Medical  College,  he  also  occupies  the  chair  of 
gynecology.     He  has  been  professor  of  gynecology  in  the  New  York  Post-graduate  Medical  School,  presi- 
dent of  the  American  Gynecological  Society  of  the  Kings  County  Medical   Society  and    the  New  York 
Obstetrical  Society,  and  is  corresponding  member  of  the  British,  Boston  and  Detroit  gynecological  societies, 
and  other  societies  of  France,  Germany  and  Belgium.     Aside  from  his  profession  he  is  an  amateur  sculptor 
and  practices  this  art  in  his  leisure  hours.    Dr.  Skene  was  lieutenant-colonel  and  surgeon  on  the  Second 
Division  staff  of  the  National  Guard  during  the  period  of  General  E.  L.  Molineux's  command. 

Lewis  Stephen  Pilcher,  M.D.,  surgeon,  was  born  in  Adrian,  Mich.,  in  1845.  His  father,  the  Rev. 
Elijah  H.  Pilcher,  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the  territory  of  Michigan,  having  gone  there  as  a  minister  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in  1829,  from  Ohio,  in  which  state  his  father  before  him,  Stephen  Pilcher, 
had  likewise  been  a  pioneer,  having  removed  from  Virginia  in  1807.  The  family  came  originally  from  Kent^ 
England.  Dr.  Pilcher  was  graduated  at  the  University  of  Michigan  in  1862  ;  having  taken  a  post-graduate 
course  for  a  year,  he  received  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts  from  the  same  institution  in  1863.  He^immedi- 
ately  took  up  the  study  of  medicine,  but  after  a  few  months  he  enlisted  in  the  United  States  army  as 
hospital  steward,  in  which  capacity  he  served  in  the  department  of  Missouri  until  August,  1865.  Returning 
to  the  University  of  Michigan  he  renewed  his  attendance  upon  medical  lectures,  and  received  there  his 
degree  in  March,  1866.  After  a  number  of  months  of  country  practice,  in  the  neighborhood  of  Flint,  Mich., 
he  repaired  to  New  York  city,  and  spent  the  winter  in  special  studies  and  hospital  attendance.  In  April| 
1867,  he  was  accepted  by  the  naval  examining  board  and  commissioned  assistant  surgeon  in  the  United 
States  navy.     He  served  five  years,  chiefly  in  Brooklyn  and  the  West  Indies,  and  was  promoted  to  the  grade 


676 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 


of  passed  assistant  sura;eon.     Then  he  resigned  and  established  himself  in  private  practice  in  Brooklyn  in 
Januarv,  1872.     In  the  autumn  of  1872  he  was  appointed  lecturer  on  anatomy  in  the  Long  Island  College 
Hospital,  adjunct  surgeon  in   1873,  and  assistant  professor  of  anatomy  in  1879,  positions  which  he  resigned 
in  1882.    In  1881  he  was  selected  as  one  of  the  incorporators  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Hospital  in  Brook- 
lyn, and  gave  much  time  and  study  to  the  development  of  that  institution  during  the  succeeding  years; 
became  the  secretary  of  the  board  of  managers  in  1888  ;  was  appointed  one  of  the  visiting  surgeons  when  the 
hospital  was  opened  in  1887,  and  the  president  of  its  medical  board.    He  served  as  visiting  physician  to  the 
Brooklyn  Orphan  Asylum  from  1876  to  1882,  since  which  year  he  has  been  retained  as  consulting  physician. 
He  is  consulting  surgeon  to  the  Bushwick  and  East  Brooklyn  Dispensary,  the  Methodist  Home  for  the  Aged, 
the  Brooklyn  Home  for  Inebriates  and  the  Guild  of  St.  Giles  the  Cripple.     In  1885  he  was  elected  professor 
of  clinical  surgery  in  the   Post-graduate  Medical  School  and   Hospital  of  New  York,  a  position  which  he 
retains.     In   1881  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  New  York  Surgical  Society.     He  is  a  member  of  the 
Medical  Society  of  the  County  of  Kings,  and  of  the  Medical  Society  of  the  State  of  New  York,  of  which 
he  was  vice-president  in   1890,  and  president  in   1892.     In    1889  he   relinquished  the  general   practice  of 
medicine  and   devoted    himself   entirely   to  surgery.      With  a  number  of   his  professional  colleagues  he 
formed,  in  1878,  the  Brooklyn  Anatomical  and  Surgical  Society,  whose  chief  purpose  was  to  secure  for  its 
members  opportunities  for  practical  anatomical  study,  and  for  rehearsing  surgical  operations.    In  connection 
with  their  work  was  begun  the  publication  of  a  monthly  journal.  The  Annals  of  the  Anatomical  and  Surgical 
Society.     The  society  was  disbanded  in   1881,  but  the  publication  of  the  journal  was  continued  by  Drs. 
Pilcher  and  George  R.  Fowler  as  the  Annals  of  Anatomy  and  Siirgeiy  for  three  years  longer,  when  it  was 
suspended.    After  an  interval  of  a  year,  at  the  solicitation  of  many  of  the  subscribers  to  the  former  periodi- 
cal, Dr.  Pilcher  undertook  the  editorship  of  a  journal  to  be  devoted  exclusively  to  surgery,  and  named  The 
Annals  of  Surgery.     This  journal  was  successful  from  the  outset,  and  he  remains  at  its  editorial  helm.     He 
has  made  many  contributions  to  current  surgical  literature,  and  has  delivered  a  number  of  public  addresses. 
Dr.  Pilcher's  most  important  contributions  are  as  follows:  "The  Treatment  of  Wounds;  its  Principles  and 
Practice,  General  and  Special"  [1883]  ;  "Tracheotomy" — article  in  Woods'  Reference  Handbook  of  Medi- 
cal  Science  [1889];  "Naevus" — article  in  Keeting's  Cyclopedia  of  the   "Diseases  of  Children"  [1889]; 
"The  American  System  of  Surgery"  [1892]  ;  "Chapters  on  Wounds,  Surgical  Diseases  of  Microbic  Origin, 
Diseases    of  the  Lymphatics  and  Surgical  Diseases  of    the  Female  Generative  Organs  ;"  "  The  Surgical 
Reports  of   the  Methodist  Episcopal  Hospital    in  Brooklyn,"  annually  since    1888.     In    1870  he  married 
Martha  S.  Phillips,  daughter  of  Aaron  H.  Phillips,  of  Brooklyn.     The  residence  of  the  family  is  in  Gates 
avenue,  Brooklyn,  except  during  the  summer,  when  they  remove  to  their  summer  home  at  Lake  Hopat- 
cong,  N.  J. 

George  Ryerson  Fowler,  M.D.,was  born  in  the  city  of  New  York  on  December  25,  1848.  His  father, 
Thomas  W.  Fowler,  and  mother,  Sarah  Jane  Carman,  were  both  born  on  Long  Island.  His  early  life  was 
spent  in  Jamaica,  L,  I.,  to  which  place  his  father  had  removed.  His  medical  education  was  received  at  Belle- 
vue  Hospital  Medical  College,  from  which  institution  he  was  graduated,  with  the  de.gree  of  Doctor  in  Medi- 
cine, in  February,  1871.  He  entered  at  once  upon  his  professional  duties  in  the  eighteenth  ward,  subse 
quently  locating  in  the  twenty-first  ward.  In  1872  he  was  appointed  upon  the  staff  of  the  Central  Dispen- 
sary, a  position  that  he  held  two  years,  when  he  resigned.  In  1878  he  was  commissioned  as  one  of  the 
surgeons  of  the  14th  Regiment,  N.  G.,  S.  N.  Y.  In  the  same  year  the  Brooklyn  Anatomical  and  Surgical 
Society  was  organized.  Dr.  Fowler  being  one  of  the  founders.  Two  years  afterwards  he  was  elected  its 
president.  He  was  associate  editor  of  the  Annals  of  the  Anatomical  and  Surgical  Society.  Upon  the  organi- 
zation of  the  Bushwick  and  East  Brooklyn  Dispensary  in  1878  he  was  nominated  its  first  visiting  surgeon; 
upon  the  complete  organization  of  its  medical  staff,  he  was  chosen  by  the  latter  body  as  its  presiding  officer. 
In  1887  he  resigned  from  the  active  staff  and  was  made  consulting  surgeon.  He  was  appointed  in  [883 
surgeon-in-chief  to  the  department  of  fractures  and  dislocations,  St.  Mary's  Hospital,  Brooklyn;  he  now  has 
entire  charge  of  the  general  surgery  of  this  hospital.  He  has  been  surgeon  to  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Hospital  since  its  opening  in  1887.  He  was  elected  president  of  the  Medical  Society  of  the  County  of  Kings 
for  the  year  1886,  but  positively  declined  a  reelection  for  the  reason  that  such  a  course  deprived  others  of 
the  honors  and  prestige  which  this  position  afforded.  This  example  has  been  invariably  followed  by  those 
suice  elected  to  that  office.  In  1891  he  was  elected  a  fellow  of  the  American  Surgical  Association.  He  is 
also  a  permanent  member  of  the  American  Medical  Association.  In  January,  1892,  he  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  New  York  Surgical  Society.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  New  York  Academy  of  Medicine  ; 
the  Brooklyn  Surgical  Society,  of  which  in  1891  he  was  president ;  and  the  Society  of  Medical  Jurisprudence. 
In  1889  he  was  elected  a  permanent  member  of  the  Medical  Society  of  the  State  of  New  York.  When  a 
law  was  enacted  in  1890  separatmg  the  educating  and  licensing  power  in  the  state,  the  State  Medical  Society 
submitted  the  name  of  Dr.  Fowler  to  the  board  of  regents  of  the  University  of  the  State  of  New  York  at 
Albany,  and  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  seven  members  of  the  examining  board  representing  the  state 


678  THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 

society.     At  the  first  meeting  of  tlie  board  of  examiners  he  was  appointed  examiner  in  surgery.     He  is  con- 
sulting surgeon  to  the  Relief  (E.  D.)  Hospital  and  to  the  Norwegian   Hospital.     During  a  trip  to  Europe  in 
18S4  he  was  present  at  a  meeting  for  the  distribution  of  ambulance  certificates  at  a  watering  place  on  the 
Lancashire  coast.    He  there  formed  the  resolution  to  establish  classes  for  instruction  in  first  aid  to  the  injured 
on  his  return  to  America.     Arriving  home  he  set  about  agitating  the  question  of  forming  such  classes.    His 
connection  with  the  national  guard  suggested  placing  the  matter  on  a  sound  footing  in  that  organization, 
and  at  the  state  camp  at  Peekskill  in  the  following  year  he  established  classes  for  instructing  the  men  in 
caring  for  injured  persons  in  emergencies.    This  was  followed  by  an  order,  at  his  instance,  from  Gen.  James 
McLeer,  establishing  the  instruction  in  the  armories  as  a  part  of  the  soldiers'  duties  during  the  winter  season. 
In  the  year  following  the  surgeon-general  of  tlie  state  ordered  similar  instruction  to  be  imparted  to  all  of 
the  national  guard  organizations  in  New  York,  and  in  a  year  thereafter  an  order  was  issued  from  the  adju- 
tant-general's office  at  Washington,  ordering  similar  instruction  to  be  given  at  all  military  posts  of  the  LTnited 
States.     In  the  early  part  of  1890  the  Red  Cross  Society,  of  Brooklyn,  was  organized,  and  Dr.  Fowler  was 
elected  president.     A  part  of  the  work  of  this  society  consisted  in  delivering  a  series  of  short  and  practical 
lectures  to  members  of  the  police  force,  having  obtained  the  permission  of  the  head  of  the  department.  He 
has  made  many  important  contributions  to  the  literature  of  surgery,  and  has  taken  an  active  and  prominent 
part  in  the  work  of  the  societies  of  which  he  is  a  member.    In  1873  he  married  Louise  R.  Wells,  the  youngest 
daughter  of  the  late  James  Wells,  of  Norristown,  Pa.;  of  their  four  children,  three  are  living.    Dr.  Fowler 
retains  his  connection  with  military  affairs,  being  surgeon  on  the  staff  of  the  Second  Brigade,  with  the  rank 
of  major.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Church  of  the  Messiah.     Among  Dr.  Fowler's  many  contributions  to 
current  surgical  literature  the  most  important  are  the  articles  on  e.xtirpation  of  superior  maxillary  nerve 
and  Meckel's  ganglion  for  facial  neuralgia;  antiseptic  excision  of  knee-joints  ;  surgical  treatment  of  facial 
neuralgia;  fractures  of  the  elbow-joint ;  the  wire  suture  in   fracture  of  the  patella  ;  excision  of  the  rectum 
for  carcinoma;  the  listerian  treatment  of  wounds;  antiseptic  incision  in  abscess  of  liver;  hcemarthrosis  of 
knee;  lumbar  colotomy ;  neurectomy  for  the  relief  of  facial  neuralgia;  the  importance  of  the  early  removal 
of  caseous  lymphatic  glands  ;  dry  wound  dressing  ;  compound  comminuted  fracture  of  patella  ;  explorative 
laparotomy;  Alexander's  operation  for  shortening  the  round  ligaments  ;  surgical  infection  ;  laparotomy  for 
extra-uterine  pregnancy  ;  gunshot  wound  of  the  brain  ;  operative  treatment  of  acute  intestinal  obstruction  ; 
transplantation  of  skin  ;  resection  of  knee-joint  in  children  ;  drainage  of  the  bladder;  gunshot  wound  of  the 
head;  location  of  bullet  by  means  of  the  telephone  probe;  hallux  valgus;  laryngectomy;  radical  cure  of 
hernia  ;   nephectomy  ;  sterilization  of  cazgus. 

John  G.  Johnson,  M.  D.,  is  a  native  of  Massachusetts  ;  his  paternal  and  maternal  ancestry  was  repre- 
sented during  the  revolutionary  days  by  officers  who  held  commissions  in  the  continental  armies.  His  father 
was  Dr.  Samuel  Johnson,  a  prominent  surgeon  of  Essex  County,  Mass.  Dr.  John  G,  Johnson  was  born  at  And- 
over  on  October  10,  1833  ;  he  was  graduated  from  Harvard  University  and  studied  medicine  under  Profes- 
sor James  R.  Wood,  M.  D.,  and  also  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  New  York,  from  Avhich 
institution  he  received  his  diploma.  For  eighteen  months  after  completing  his  studies  he  was  one  of  the 
resident  surgeons  at  the  Bellevue  Hospital ;  he  began  practice  in  Brooklyn  in  1857.  The  same  year  he 
received  an  appointment  on  the  surgical  staff  of  the  Long  Island  College  Hospital,  and  when  the  institution 
was  removed  to  its  present  location,  he  performed  the  first  operation  within  the  walls  of  the  new  building. 
An  association  with  Dr.  George  Marvin  led  him  to  give  up  hospital  work  and  apply  him.self  to  private  prac- 
tice. He  has  been  and  is  associated  in  a  professional  capacity  with  a  number  of  large  corporations,  and  was 
surgeon  to  the  East  River  Bridge  Company  during  the  time  that  the  great  span  was  in  process  of  construc- 
tion ;  the  facts  he  collected  relative  to  the  memorable  panic  which  resulted  in  the  loss  of  life  on  the  New 
York  side  proved  that  the  occurrence  was  unavoidable,  and  he  was  instrumental  in  inducing  the  court  of 
appeals  to  dismiss  the  suits  for  damages  brought  against  the  cities  of  New  York  and  Brooklyn.  As  an  expert 
in  legal  cases  demanding  the  aid  of  medical  jurisprudence  he  has  had  large  experience.  He  has  performed 
many  original  surgical  operations;  he  was  the  pioneer  in  this  country  in  the  exsection  of  the  ankle-joint,  and 
his  success  m  this  field  was  chronicled  in  the  records  of  the  State  Medical  Society,  on  the  authority  and  at 
the  request  of  the  Kings  County  Medical  Society.  He  successfully  removed  a  minie  ball,  weighing  an  ounce 
and  a  quarter,  which  had  lodged  for  six  weeks  in  the  brain  of  Lieutenant  Thomas  W.  Chandler,  who  recovered 
and  died  from  natural  causes  a  quarter  of  a  century  later.  He  was  in  charge  of  the  Brick  Church  and  White 
Church  Hospitals  at  Sharpsburg  during  the  battle  of  Antietam.  For  several  years  he  was  associate  editor 
of  the  New  York  Medical  Journal,  and  contributed  to  every  issue  some  twenty  pages  of  interesting  medical 
and  surgical  literature.  His  paper  on  vaccination,  read  before  the  Medico-Legal  Society  of  New  York, 
resulted  in  putting  a  stop  to  the  use  of  the  humanized  vaccine  ;  he  succeeded,  with  the  assistance  of  the 
E.AGi.E,  in  preventing  the  canning  factories  of  Baltimore  from  utilizing  chloride  of  zinc  instead  of  rosin  as 
a  flu.x  in  sealing  their  goods  for  market.  His  studies  in  bacteriology  have  resulted  in  widely  read  papers  on 
the  dangers  of  contracting  consumption  from  rare  meat  and  from  the  milk  of  cows  affected  with  tuberculosis: 


■i-^'T'w:^^>fi^  ^D 


68o 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


he  investigated  tlie  diphtlieritic  sjerm,  and  was  the  first  to  advocate  the  employment  of  pineapple  juice  and 
the  use  of  a  weak  solution  of  cotrosive  sublimate  in  fighting  the  disease  ;  it  was  also  due  to  him  that  the 
slaking  of  quicklime  was  adopted  as  a  measure  of  destroying  membraneous  tissue  characterizing  diphtheritic 
croup  He  has  demonstrated  that  scarlet  fever  is  caused  by  a  disease  germ,  which  increases  rapidly  in  the 
blood  passes  to  the  smaller  capillary  vessels  of  the  skin,  and  there  multiplies.  By  bathing  the  afflicted  per- 
'  son  with  a  mercuric  chloride  solution  the  germs  are 

destroyed  and  recoveries  from  the  disease  are  rapid. 
Dr.  Johnson  is  a  member  of  the  New  York  Academy 
of  Medicine,  the  New  York  Neurological  Society,  the 
New  York  State  Medical  Association,  the  Kings  County 
Medical  Society,  the  Pathological  Society  and  Hamilton 
and  Brooklyn  clubs. 

It  is  only  within  forty  years  that  preventive  medi- 
cine has  found  practical  application  to  the  problems 
of  public  health,  and  with  this  sanitary  reform  move- 
ment no  name  has  been  more  prominently  identified 
from  its  inception  than  that  of  Dr.  Agrippa  Nelson 
Bkll.  He  is  a  type  and  representative  of  that  body 
of  young  enthusiasts  who,  about  the  middle  of  the 
century,  entered  upon  the  task  of  organizing  sanitary 
administration.  Dr.  Bell  was  born  in  Northamp- 
ton County,  Virginia,  on  August  3,  1820.  He  is  de- 
scended in  both  parental  lines  from  the  earliest  Vir- 
ginia colonists.  His  early  life  was  passed  on  a  farm, 
where  he  developed  an  excellent  physique.  It  was 
not  until  he  was  eighteen  years  of  age  that  he  began 
a  systematic  course  of  study.  He  attended  an  aca- 
demic school  at  Newtown,  Conn.,  and  so  rapid  was  his 
progress  that  he  was  able  two  years  later  to  enter  the 
Tremont  Medical  School  in  Boston,  where  Drs.  Jacob 
Bigelow,  Edward  Reynolds,  D.  Humphrey  Storer  and 
O.  W.  Holmes  were  his  preceptors.  After  attending 
medical  lectures  at  Harvard  he  went  to  Philadelphia, 
and  in  1842  received  his  degree  from  the  Jefferson  Medical  College.  He  established  himself  in  his  native 
county  and  soon  acquired  a  large  practice.  In  November  of  that  year  he  married  Julia  Ann,  daughter 
of  Arcillus  and  Jerusha  Hamlin.  Subsequently  he  practiced  three  years  in  Waterbury,  Conn.  The  public, 
importance  of  his  career,  however,  may  be  said  to  date  from  1847,  when  he  received  a  commission  in  the 
navy  and  was  at  once  ordered  to  the  sloop  of  war  "  Saratoga."  From  that  time  until  the  end  of  the 
Mexican  war  he  served  in  the  Gulf  squadron.  He  was  next  assigned  to  the  coast  survey  in  and  about 
New  York.  In  1849  he  went  on  a  cruise  to  the  West  Indies  and  along  the  Spanish  Main.  His  next 
and  last  cruise  was  on  board  the  flagship  "  Germantown,"  for  two  years  off  the  west  coast  of  Africa. 
Then,  after  serving  two  years  more  on  board  the  receiving  ship,  at  the  Brooklyn  navy  yard,  and  mean- 
while gaining  his  promotion  to  surgeon,  he  resigned  his  commission  in  1855,  and  began  his  practice  in 
this  city.  The  familiarity  he  had  gained  with  yellow  fever  in  the  Gulf  and  on  the  coast  of  Africa  enabled 
him  to  render  valuable  aid  during  the  prevalence  of  that  disease  on  Bay  Ridge  and  at  Fort  Hamilton, 
in  1856.  He  helped  to  organize  the  local  hospital  which  did  so  much  to  check  the  spread  of  the  malady 
to  Brooklyn.  Though  convinced  by  experience  that  yellow  fever  was  not  contagious,  he  entered  at 
once  upon  a  vigorous  campaign  for  quarantine  reform.  He  denounced  the  system  of  merely  detaining 
infected  vessels  and  maintaining  a  quarantine  establishment  in  proximity  with  a  populous  neighborhood,  as 
inconceivable  barbarism  ;  and  finally  the  citizens  became  so  aroused  that  on  September  ist,  1858,  an 
excited  throng  destroyed  the  New  York  quarantine  structures  on  Staten  Island  by  fire.  Not  one  of  those 
engaged  in  the  removal  of  the  patients  sick  with  yellow  fever  took  the  disease.  His  communications  to  the 
national  quarantine  and  sanitary  convention  at  Boston,  i860,  constituted  the  basis  of  all  subsequent 
quarantine  reform.  A  bill  embodying  most  of  his  ideas  applicable  to  ports  of  arrival  became  the  law  of 
New  York  in  1863.  It  contained,  however,  some  sections  against  which  he  protested  in  vain.  Attempts  to 
erect  quarantine  buildings  on  Staten  Island  and  then  on  Coney  Island  were  frustrated  ;  and  West  Bank, 
the  site  which  Dr.  Bell  had  advocated  from  the  first,  was  adopted,  but  he  was  for  the  time  ignored.  One 
provision  of  this  law  designated  steam  as  a  disinfectant,  the  efiiciency  of  which  he  had  himself  discovered 
in  1848.     During  the  first  year  of  the  Civil  war  he  was  superintendent  of  the  floating  hospital  for  yellow 


John  G.  Johnson,  M.  D. 


fever  patients  in  the  lower  bay,  and  again  demonstrated  the  non-contagiousness  of  this  disease  by  the  person. 
From  1870  until  1S73  he  was  supervising  commissioner  of  quarantine  of  the  state  of  New  York.  When 
the  National  Board  of  Health  was  organized  he  was  made  an  inspector  of  quarantine  and  rendered  invalu- 
able service  along  the  southern  seaboard.  He  has  written  a  great  number  of  articles  on  sanitary  matters, 
soil  drainage,  school  hygiene,  methods  of  heating,  etc.  The  proceedings  of  many  societies  of  which  he  is  a 
member  contain  papers  from  his  pen.  He  is  author  of  "  Knowledge  of  Living  Things  "  [i860],  which 
contains  the  germ  of  the  germ  theory  of  disease.  He  is  also  the  author  of  "Climatology  and  Mineral 
Waters  in  the  United  States"  [1S85].  In  1873  he  founded  The  Sanitarian,  a  monthly  magazine  devoted  to 
the  interests  of  the  public  health.  He  is  a  member  of  the  New  York  State  Medical  Society,  New  York 
State  Medical  Association,  American  Medical  Association,  American  Public  Health  Association,  American 
Climatological  Association,  Kings  County  Medical  Society,  Kings  County  Medical  Association,  New  York 
Medico-Legal  Society,  honorary  member  Connecticut  State  Medical  Society,  corresponding  member 
Epidemiological  Society,  London,  etc. 

John  Byrne,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  Ireland,  on  October  13,  1825.  His  father,  Stephen  Byrne,  who  was  a 
well-known  merchant,  sent  him  to  the  diocesan  seminary  at  Belfast,  at  which  institution  and  subsequently 
from  private  tutors,  he  received  a  thorough  classical  education.  At  the  age  of  si.Kteen  he  matriculated  at 
the  Royal  Belfast  Institution  and  entered  the  General  Hospital  as  a  medical  student.  During  the  succeed- 
ing five  years  his  medical  education  was  pursued  in  the  universities  of  Dublin,  Clasgow  and  Edinburgh, 
from  the  latter  of  which  he  graduated  in  i8-f6.  His  course  of  study  all  through  was  based  on  the  curricu- 
lum of  the  British  navy,  for  which  service  he  was  intended  and  which  at  that  period  demanded  a  longer 
probation  and  extra  branches  not  required  by  the  colleges.  During  the  Irish  famine  in  1847  he  was 
appointed  to  full  charge  of  one  of  the  temporary  fever  hospitals,  which  he  C(}nducted  with  marked  success 
until  its  close.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1848,  and  though  soon  after  leaving  his  native  land  his 
appointment  to  the  British  navy  was  received  he  decided  to  remain  here  and  settled  in  Brooklyn,  where  he  has 
since  practiced  his  profession.  In  1857-8,  in  conjunction  with  the  late  Dr.  Daniel  Ayres,  Dr.  Louis  Bauer, 
now  of  St.  Louis,  and  a  few  generous  lay  friends,  he  obtained  a  charter  for  the  Long  Island  College  Hospital, 
which  he  helped  to  organize.  About  this  period,  owing  to  improved  methods  of  investigation  regarding  the 
diseases  of  women,  he  decided  to  devote  his  best  energies  to  the  study  and  practice  of  this  specialty  and  one 


6S2 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


John  Byrne,  M.  D. 


of  his  earliest  contributions  to  gynecological  litera- 
ture, read  before  the  New  York  Academy  of  Medicine 
in  i860,  was  reprinted  in  various  medical  journals  both 
here  and  in  Europe.  Since  then  his  original  papers 
and  clinical  reports  on  subjects  connected  with  his 
specialty  have  been  numerous  and  of  acknowledged 
merit.  In  1868  he  was  appointed  surgeon-in-chief  to 
St.  Mary's  Hospital  for  Women,  a  position  which  he 
still  occupies.  In  1882,  on  the  completion  of  the  first 
wing  of  St.  Mary's  Hospital  on  St  Mark's  avenue,  he 
was  entrusted  with  the  duty  of  (organizing  its  medical 
and  surgical  staff.  In  1869  he  undertook  an  exhaust- 
ive series  of  experiments  in  electro-physics  with  the 
hope  of  being  able  to  devise  or  construct  a  more  per- 
fect apparatus  than  it  was  then  possible  to  procure 
for  the  generation  of  heat  by  the  galvanic  current, 
and  in  1876  he  forwarded  to  the  centennial  exhibition 
at  Philadelphia  his  well-known  electro-thermal  battery 
for  surgical  operations.  The  remarkable  power  of  this 
little  apparatus  was  then  demonstrated  before  a  select 
assemblage  of  scientists,  including  the  late  Emperor 
Dom  Pedro,  Sir  William  Thompson  and  others,  all  of 
whom  were  lavish  in  their  expressions  of  approval. 
Through  its  agency  and  by  ingeniously  devised  instru- 
ments he  is  said  to  have  operated  more  frequently  and 
with  greater  success  in  a  class  of  diseases  otherwise 
incurable  than  any  other  living  surgeon.  His  remarkable  statistics  of  nearly  400  operations  for  cancer,  pub- 
lished ni  18S9,  are  now  of  world-wide  note.  He  is  a  fellow  of  the  New  York  Academy  of  Medicine,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  American  Medical  Association,  surgeon-in-chief  to  St.  Mary's  Maternity,  chief  of  gynecological 
department  and  president  of  the  faculty  of  St.  Mary's  Hospital,  president  of  the  American  Gynecological 
Society,  ex-president  of  the  New  York  Obstetrical  Society;  corresponding  member  of  the  Gynecological 
Society  of  Boston,  ex-president  of  the  Brooklyn  Gynecological  Society  and  member  of  the  State  and  Kings 
County  Medical  societies. 

John  T.  Conkling,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  Suffolk 
County,  L.I. ,  in  1825,  but  much  of  his  early  life  was  spent 
in  the  west.  He  graduated  in  medicine  at  the  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  New  York  in  1855,  and 
for  thirty-seven  years  has  been  a  busy  practitioner  on 
Brooklyn  Heights.  When  the  metropolitan  health 
board,  including  the  counties  of  New  York,  Kings  and 
Queens,  was  organized  in  1864,  he  was  selected  as  the 
Brooklyn  superintendent,  and  by  untiring  vigilance  suc- 
ceeded in  enforcing  the  new  sanitary  regulations  now 
recognized  as  the  basis  of  the  good  health  of  the  city. 
His  success  in  establishing  the  first  ambulance  service, 
his  labors  during  the  cholera  epidemic  of  1866  and  his 
exertions  in  making  the  first  contracts  for  the  removal 
of  garbage  separate  from  other  refuse,  are  a  part  of 
the  city's  history.  When  in  1873  the  health  depart- 
ment was  reorganized,  he  was  chosen  one  of  the  medi- 
cal members  of  the  board,  because  of  his  experience 
and  previous  record.  In  1874  he  was  again  appointed 
a  member  and  president  of  the  health  board.  From 
1864  to  1870  he  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  educa- 
tion, and  was  instrumental  in  establishing  the  first 
graded  course  of  study  in  the  i)ublic  schools.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Kings  County  Medical  Society,  and  was 
at  one  time  its  president.  He  is  a  member  of  the  coun-  ,..:...,..■ 
cil   of  the   Long  Island   College   Hospital   and    of  the  John  t.  conkling,  M.  D. 


JOHN  F.  TALMAGE,  M.  1). 


HOSPITALS,  DISPENSARIES   AND    PHYSICIANS. 


6S3 


Hamilton  Club.  His  only  son  is  Dr.  Henry  Conkling,  who  was  graduated  at  tlie  Long  Island  College  Hos- 
pital and  studied  in  London,  England.  After  his  return  he  associated  himself  with  his  father  in  the  practice 
of  medicine,  and  is  now  assistant  physician  and  pathologist  to  St.  Peter's  Hospital. 

One  of  the  oldest  and  most  widely  known  practitioners  in  Brooklyn  is  Isaac  H.  B.4rber,  M.D.,  attend- 
ing surgeon  at  the  Kings  County  Hospital,  and  for  the  past  twenty-five  years  connected  with  the  Brooklyn 
Central  Dispensary  in  almost  every  capacity  from  president  down.  He  is  one  of  the  board  of  trustees  of 
that  institution.  He  was  born  in  Florida,  Montgomery  County,  N.  Y.,  in  1829,  and  received  an  academic 
education  in  the  academy  of  Amsterdam,  N.  Y.  In  1851  he  was  graduated  from  the  New  York  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons.  He  was  appointed  surgeon  to  the  Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Company,  in  which 
capacity  he  served  for  a  term  of  years,  passing  through  the  noted  epidemics  of  cholera  and  yellow  fever, 
which  were  raging  on  the  Pacific  coast  during  the 
years  1853  and  1854.  Retiring  from  the  sea,  he  set- 
tled in  Brooklyn  in  1856,  becoming  a  resident  of  the 
eleventh  ward,  where  he  still  resides.  He  has  practiced 
in  this  city  constantly  for  the  past  thirty-six  years  as 
a  general  practitioner.  He  has  served  as  surgeon  to 
the  Kings  County  Hospital  a  number  of  years.  His 
membership  in  the  Kings  County  Medical  Society,  the 
Practitioners'  Club  and  the  Physicians'  Mutual  Aid 
Association  dates  back  for  many  years.  He  married  in 
1856  Miss  J.  M.  Freemyre.  His  son,  Calvin  F.  Barber, 
is  a  physician,  and  is  associated  with  him  in  practice. 

John  Frelinghuysen  Talmage,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  was 
born  on  March  11,  1833,  at  Mont  Verd,  near  Somer- 
ville,  N.  J.  In  1849  he  entered  Rutgers  College  at 
New  Brunswick,  passing  over  the  freshman  year  and 
taking  his  place  in  the  second  term  of  the  sophomore 
class.  In  1852  he  was  graduated  and  for  a  term  filled 
the  chair  of  Latin  and  Greek  in  Orville  University. 
About  this  time  he  decided  to  adopt  the  medical  pro- 
fession and  after  studying  a  short  time  at  Huntsville, 
Ala.,  he  came  north  and  attended  a  course  of  lectures 
in  the  medical  department  of  the  University  of  the 
City  of  New  York.  Deciding  in  favor  of  the  then  new 
school  of  homoeopathy,  he  studied  with  Dr.  A.  Cooke 
Hull,  of  Brooklyn,  and  in  1859  received  a  diploma 
from  the  University  Medical  College.  After  passing 
further  time  in  Dr.  Hull's  office  he  became  his  pre- 
ceptor's partner  and  remained  in  that  relation  twelve  years 
Brooklyn  Orphan  Asylum.  For  about  a  year  he  served  in  the  department  of  diseases  of  women  in  the 
Brooklyn  Homoeopathic  Dispensary.  When  Asiatic  cholera  visited  this  country  in  1866  he  issued  a  circular 
of  hints  and  suggestions.  Though  intended  for  private  circulation  only,  it  so  admirably  met  the  emergency 
that  the  leading  newspapers  of  Brooklyn,  New  York  and  other  cities  printed  it  in  their  columns  with  highly 
favorable  comment.  His  treatment  of  cholera  cases  at  that  time  was  extensive  and  successful  to  an  extra- 
ordinary degree.  After  the  death  of  Dr.  Hull,  Dr.  Talmage  associated  with  him  in  practice  his  brother,  Dr. 
Samuel  Talmage,  who  was  also  a  graduate  of  the  Medical  College  of  the  New  York  University.  In  1863 
Dr.  Talmage  married  Miss  Maggie  Hunt,  the  youngest  daughter  of  Thomas  Hunt.  He  has  served  at  vari- 
ous times  as  surgeon  of  the  nth  Brigade,  N.  G.,  S.  N.  Y.,  visiting  physician  of  the  Brooklyn  Homoeopathic 
Hospital  and  consulting  physician  of  the  Brooklyn  Homoeopathic  Nursery.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Brook- 
lyn, Hamilton  and  Crescent  Athletic  clubs  and  the  Zeta  Psi  Club,  of  New  York. 

William  Gilfillan,  M.  D.,  has  been  engaged  in  the  practice  of  medicine  in  Brooklyn  since  i860,  and 
has  attained  a  high  position  in  the  profession  by  his  knowledge  and  skill  in  both  medicine  and  surgery.  He 
was  born  near  the  historical  city  of  Derry,  in  the  north  of  Ireland,  and  comes  of  very  old  families  on  both 
sides.  His  father  was  assistant  surgeon  on  the  British  ship  "  Dorothea  "  when  that  vessel  and  the  "  Trent " 
made  their  famous  Arctic  voyage  ;  he  died  in  his  young  manhood.  William  Gilfillan  went  to  Edinburgh  in 
1850  at  the  age  of  seventeen  and  began  to  study  medicine,  prosecuting  his  studies  under  many  advan- 
tageous circumstances.  He  received  his  degree  on  August  i,  1854,  having  previously  taken  first  senior 
prize  in  the  practice  of  medicine  and  second  prize  in  the  practice  of  surgery.  For  a  year  he  was  house 
physician  in  the  Royal  Infirmary,  and  at  the  end  of  that  time  he  was  selected  to  accompany  the  Marchioness 


Isaac  H,  Barber,  M.  D. 
For  a  year  he  acted  as  physician  of  the 


684 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


William  Gilfillan,  M.  D. 


of  lUite  and  her  son,  the  present  Marquis,  on  a  tour 
of  the  Continent,  lasting  several  months,  as  physician 
to  the  lad,  who  then  was  ten  years  old  ;  the  boy  was 
a  ward  in  chancery  and  under  the  English  law  it  was 
necessary  for  a  physician  to  accompany  him.  After 
his  return  he  was  made  house  surgeon  in  the  Royal 
Infirmary.  Deciding  to  come  to  America  he  was  en- 
gaged in  1857  as  surgeon  on  the  Cunard  line  of  steam- 
ships, and  in  May,  1858,  he  settled  in  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
where  he  soon  built  up  an  extensive  practice.  In 
November,  1859,  he  married  Miss  Carrie  M.  Ladd,  of 
Throgg's  Neck,  N.  Y.,  and  as  the  climate  of  St.  Louis 
did  not  agree  with  her  he  came  to  Brooklyn  in  Feb- 
ruary, i860.  Here  he  became  surgeon  to  the  Long 
Island  College  Hospital  and  lectured  on  materia  medica, 
meanwhile  establishing  a  good  practice.  In  1869,  after 
three  years'  service  at  the  hospital,  he  resigned,  owing 
to  the  opposition  of  the  council  of  the  hospital  to  what 
they  regarded  as  innovations.  From  that  time  he  de- 
voted himself  to  private  practice,  but  he  holds  the  hon- 
orary position  of  consulting  surgeon  to  St.  John's  Hos- 
pital. He  is  a  member  of  the  Kings  County  Medical 
Society  and  the  New  York  Academy  of  Medicine. 

J(jHN  Li.ovn  Zabriskie,  M.  D.,  has  all  his  life  been 
identified  with  the  interests  of  Flatbush.     Born  there 
in   1831,  of  American  parentage,  of  Dutch  extraction, 
he  received  his  education  preparatory  for  college  at  the  famous  old  Erasmus  Hall  Academy,  of  Flatbush, 
subsequently  matriculating  at  the  New  York  University,  where  he  was  graduated  in  1850.     In  the  autumn 
of  the  same  year  he  entered  the  Medical  College  of  the  University,  from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1853. 
After  serving  one  year  as  interne  in  the  Kings  County  Hospital  he  began  the  practice  of  medicine  in  1855 
and  has  since  been  one  of  its  most  respected  general  practitioners.     He  acted  as  health  physician  in  Flat- 
bush from  1880  to  1890.     He  has  long  been  a  member  of  the  local  board  of  improvement.     In  this  capacity 
he  has  actively  assisted  in  securing  better  paved  and 
lighted  streets  and  great  advancement  in  the  sanitary 
condition  of  the  town.     He  has  been  prominently  iden- 
tified as  well  with  the  educational  interests  of  Flatbush, 
having  long  been  a  trustee  of  Erasmus  Hall  Academy 
and  a  member  of  the  local  school  board.    He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Kings  County  Medical  Society,  and  is  con- 
sulting physician  of  the   Kings  County   Hospital   and 
the  Long  Island  College  Hospital.    He  has  contributed 
frequently  to  the  various  journals  of  medical  literature 
and  his  position  as  an  able  writer  has  long  been  assured. 
He  married  Eliza  l!.Carvin,of  Flatbush,  in  1861.    His 
handsome  residence  in  Flatbush  is  adjacent  to  the  Re- 
formed Church,  of  which  he  is  a  trustee  and  an  active 
member.      He   is  the   secontl  oldest  physician   in   the 
town  of  Flatbush,  his  senior  being  Dr.  Ingraham,  who 
was  at  one   time  a  student   in  the  ofiice  of  Dr.  Zab- 
riskie's  father.  Dr.  John  Zabriskie,  who  settled  in  Flat- 
bush in  the  year  1S30. 

One  of  the  most  respected  homoeopathic  physicians 
of  Brooklyn  is  Dr.  A\'im.i.a.m  S.  Se.\rle,  an  earnest  and 
efficient  worker  in  the  cause  of  medical  reform,  who 
has  been  instrumental  in  securing  legislation  in  New 
York  of  such  evident  value  tliat  other  states  have  imi- 
tated it;  and  who  continues  to  add  to  the  arduous 
duties  of  a  large  general  practice  the  burden  of  further 
labor  in  this  direction.      In  1868  he  submitted  to  the  John  lloyd  Zabkiskie,  m.  d, 


HOSPITALS,  DISPENSARIES  AND    PHYSICIANS. 


68s 


state    legislature  a  bill    establishing  a  state  board  of   examiners  in  medicine,  and  in  an  annual    address 
before  the  state  society  he  presented  arguments  in  favor  of  the  proposed  legislation.     His  efforts  and  those 
of  his  sympathizers  resulted  in  the  law  of  1872,  under  which  was  appointed  the  first  state  medical  examin- 
ing board  in  America.     That  this  reform  was  desirable  needs  no  stronger  evidence  than  the  subsequent 
legislation  of  twenty-five  other  states,  which  have  followed  the  example  of  New  York  in  taking  the  licens- 
ing power  from  the  medical  colleges  and  placing  it  in  the  hands  of  state  boards.     Dr.  Searle  is  a  strong 
advocate  of  still  wider  reforms  along  the  same  line.     He  desires  the  estabhshnieiit  of  a  national  board, 
which  shall  have  power  to  grant  the  honorary  degree  of  "  State  Physician  and  Surgeon."     His  plan  is  to 
make  this  degree  attainable  only  by  candidates  who  have  received  the  degrees  of  Pjachelor  of  Arts  and 
Doctor  of  Medicine  and  a  license  to  practice  issued  by  some  state  board.     In  order  to  obtain  this  new 
degree  candidates  would  be  required  to  pass  a  rigid 
and  practical  examination  from  which,  of  the  various 
branches  of  medical  science,  therapeutics  alone  would 
be  excluded,  this  exclusion  being  made  in  order  that 
"state  physicians"  might  be  exempt  from  those  dis- 
tinctions of  sect  or  school  which  have  proved  so  serious 
hindrance  to  medical  progress.   In  addition  to  this  great 
work  of  reform  Dr.  Searle  has  busied  himself  with  litera- 
ture, and  has  long  been  a  welcome  contributor  to  both 
the  general  and  medical  fields  of  the  world  of  letters. 
Among  his  writings  is  a  valuable  work  on  nervous  dis- 
eases.    He  has  continuously  been  one  of  the  medical 
examiners  of  New  York  state  under  the  law  of   1872, 
and  for  ten  years  he  was  chairman  of  the  board  ;  he 
still  holds  his  position  as  an   examiner  under  the   law 
of  1891.     He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Brooklyn 
Homoeopathic  Hosijital,  and  has  been  a  member  of  the 
hospital  staff  from  the  time  of  the  opening  of  the  in- 
stitution in   1874.       His  residence  in   ISrooklyn  dates 
from  1869.     For  ten  years  previous  to  that  he  prac- 
ticed in  Troy,  N.  Y.     He  was  born  in  Bradford,  Mass., 
in  1833,  and  is  the  son  of  the  Rev.  Moses  C.  Searle,  a 
distinguished  Presbyterian  clergyman.     After  suitable 
preparatory  study  he  entered  Hamilton  College,  where 
he  was  graduated  with  honors  in  the  class  of   1855. 
His  medical  studies  were  begun  at  the  University  of 
New  York,  but  he  took  his  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medi- 
cine at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1859. 

Homer  L.  Bartlett,  M.  D.,  of  Flatbush,  is  the  son  of  Ellas  Bartlett,  one  of  whose  paternal  ancestors.  Dr. 
Josiah  Bartlett  was  heroically  conspicuous  during  the  stormy  scenes  of  1776-S3,  and  his  mother  was  Eliza, 
daughter  of  El'eazar  Wheelock,  one  of  the  first  who  preached  the  Gospel  to  the  North  American  Indians. 
Homer  L  Bartlett  was  born  at  Jericho,  Vt.,  and  after  acquiring  a  fair  classical  education  he  began  to  study 
medicine  in  the  office  of  his  father's  family  physician,  Dr.  J.  Hamilton,  of  Jericho;  and  when  that  practitioner 
moved  to  Albany  his  pupil  accompanied  him,  continued  his  studies  and  improved  his  advantages  by  attend- 
ing a  lecture  course  at  the  Albany  Medical  College,  having  previously  attended  lectures  at  the  College  of 
Woodstock  Vt  At  the  end  of  a  year  he  came  to  New  York  for  the  purpose  of  continuing  his  studies  in  the 
office  of  the  late  Professor  Willard  Parker.  He  also  attended  a  course  of  lectures  at  the  New  York 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  during  the  winter  of  1854-5S,  from  which  institution  he  received  his 
diploma  in  the  latter  year.  At  the  time  of  his  graduation  the  Kings  County  Hospital  was  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Dr  Thomas  Turner,  and  Dr.  Bartlett  was  appointed  to  a  position  under  him  as  assistant  physician 
His  service  at  the  institution  was  marked  by  an  association  with  Dr.  D.  B.  Simmons,  afterwards  medical 
missionary  to  Japan,  in  conjunction  with  whom  Dr.  Bartlett  arranged  a  complete  anatomical  cabinet^ 
When  his  duties  at  the  hospital  had  drawn  to  a  close  he  narrowly  escaped  death  from  a  severe  a  tack  of 
erysipelas,  which  obliged  him  to  spend  the  summer  at  his  old  home  for  the  purpose  of  recruiting  his 
shattered  health.  Toward  the  close  of  x8s6  he  returned  to  New  York,  and,  acting  upon  the  suggestion  of 
Dr.  Parker,  commenced  practice  in  an  office  on  Eighty-sixth  street.  He  remained  there  exactly  one  week 
when  an  urgent  demand  was  made  for  his  services  at  New  Utrecht,  where  Drs.  Crane  and  Dubois  had  di  d 
while  fighting  the  yellow  fever  scourge.  Without  a  moment's  delay  he  accepted  the  call,  viewing  ,  a  an 
imperatfve  d!ty  whfch  he  was  not  at  liberty  to  decline.     In  New  Utrecht  he  remained,  manfully  combating 


William  S.  Searle,  M.  D. 


Homer  L.  Bartlett,  M.  D. 

disease  and  alleviating  suffering,  until  the  subsidence  of  the 
fever.  In  the  spring  of  1857  he  was  urged  to  remove  to  Flat- 
bush,  where  he  has  since  resided.  He  was  at  once  appointed 
consulting  physician  to  the  Kings  County  Hospital,  a  post  which 
he  still  occupies.  He  has  conferred  many  benefits  upon  the 
town  of  which  he  is  a  resident;  he  was  instrumental  in  organ- 
izing the  first  health  board,  and  was  health  officer  twelve  years. 
He  was  also  one  of  the  originators  and  the  first  president  of  the 
police  board.  He  is  physician  to  the  Kings  County  Peniten- 
tiary, a  member  of  the  Kings  County  Medical  Society,  a  per- 
manent member  of  the  American  Medical  Association,  from 
which  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  medical  congress  held  in  London 
in  August,  1881;  and  he  is  a  member  of  the  Physicians'  Mutual 
Aid  Association.  As  a  Mason  Dr.  Bartlett  has  become  noted, 
RESIDENCE  OF  DR.  BARTLETT,  Flateush.  ^^^-^^  j^^^,^  ^^^^^^^  ^f  j^jg  ^^^,„  lo^gg  ^5,^66  tcrms  and  a  facile 

and  brilliant  writer  of  masonic  literature.  His  contributions  to  the  press  have  been  frequent  and,  besides 
his  professional  essays,  he  has  delved  into  legends  and  historical  records,  and  produced  an  attractive  volume 
under  the  title  of  "Sketches  of  Long  Island."  In  1859  he  married  Margaret  Strong  Scott,  daughter  of 
Henry  Scott,  of  Cooperstown,  N.  Y.;  she  died  in  1876,  leaving  four  children.  In  1888  he  married  Harriette 
Forde  Moore,  daughter  of  William  Moore,  of  Belfast,  Ireland.  Dr.  Bartlett  was  one  of  the  founders  and 
the  first  president  of  the  Midwood  Club. 

Jarvis  Sherman  Wight,  M.  D.,  is  a  descendant  of  Thomas  Wight,  an  emigrant  from  the  Isle  of  Wight, 
1635,  and  was  born  at  Centerville,  Allegany  County,  N,  Y.,  in  1834.  After  graduation  from  Tufts  College, 
Mass.,  in  1861,  he  attended  medical  lectures  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York,  and  at 
the  Long  Island  College  Hospital,  where  he  received  his  degree  in  1864.  He  served  a  year  as  assistant 
surgeon  in  the  volunteer  army,  and  at  the  close  of  1865  settled  in  Brooklyn,  where  in  the  Long  Island  Col- 
lege Hospital  he  has  been  surgeon  to  the  dispensary,  adjunct  surgeon  to  the  hospital,  surgeon  to  the  hos- 
pital, lecturer  on  diseases  of  the  skin,  professor  of  materia  medica  and  therapeutics,  professor  of  principles 
and  practice  of  surgery,  and  professor  of  operative  and  clinical  surgery,  a  position  which  he  now  holds;  he 
was  for  many  years  registrar  of  the  college.     He  is  consulting  surgeon  at  St.  Mary's  Hospital,  and  at  the 


HOSPITALS,  DISPENSARIES  AND    PHYSICIANS. 


687 


jARVis  S.  Wight,  M.  D. 


Eastern  District  Hospital  and  a  member  of  the  Kings 
County  Medical  Society,  Brooklyn  Surgical  Society, 
New  York  State  Medical  Society,  American  Medical 
Association,  American  Academy  of  Medicine,  Ameri- 
can Surgical  Association,  British  Medical  Association 
and  the  Society  of  Medical  Jurisprudence,  New  York. 
He  has  performed  many  major  operations,  has  invented 
various  instruments  and  has  written  articles  of  both  a 
professional  and  a  literary  character;  he  is  the  author 
of  "The  Weight  and  Size  of  the  Body  and  its  Or- 
gans;" "  Myodynamics,  or  the  Dynamics  of  the  Mus- 
cles;" "A  Memorial  of  Frank  Hastings  Hamilton,  M. 
D.;"  "A  Biographical  Memorial  of  O.W.Wight,  M. 
D.;"  and  "Suggestions  to  the  Medical  Witness."  He 
stands  high  as  a  medical  witness,  and  is  respected  by 
judges,  lawyers  and  juries.  On  January  9,  1871,  he 
married  Mary,  daughter  of  Joseph  Center. 

Alf.x.ander  Hutchins,  a.  M.,  M.  D.,  was  born  in 
New  York   city  on  January  24,  1835.     He   was  gradu- 
ated at  Williams    College  in   1857    with   the    highest 
honor  of  his  class — that  of  valedictorian.      Entering 
the  New  York   Medical   College  he  was  graduated   in 
i860,  and  was  immediately  appointed  surgeon  on  the 
steamer  "Star  of  the  West"  of  the  New  York,  New 
Orleans  and  Havana  steamship  line.    This  position  he 
soon  resigned  to  accept  an  appointment  as  house  sur- 
geon in  the  public  hospital  on  Blackwell's  Island,  where  he  remained  until  1861,  when  he  received  a  com- 
mission as  surgeon  in  the  United  States  navy.     He  served  at  the  Brooklyn  Naval  Hospital  and  on  the 
United  States  steamers  "Wyandotte,"  "Harriet  Lane"  and  "Massachusetts."     In   1863  he  resigned  from 
the  navy  and  began  to  practice  privately  in  Brooklyn.     From  1876  to  1879  he  was  president  of  the  Medical 
Society  of  Kings  County  ;  he  is  a  life  member  of  the  Medical  Society  of  the  State  of  New  York,  of  which 
he  was  president  during  the  year  1882.      He  is  consulting  physician  of  St.  John's,  St.  Mary's  and  the  Long 
Island  College  Hospitals,  and  regular  physician  at  the 
Brooklyn  Hospital ;  he  was  instrumental  in  founding 
Proceedings,  the  official  journal  of  the  Medical  Society 
of  Kings  County,  and  in  establishing  the  society's  read- 
ing room  and  library.      He  is  the  author  of  several 
monographs  and  essays.     The  educational  institutions 
of  the  city  interest  him  and  he  was  an  organizer  and 
is  a  trustee  of  Froebel  Academy.    He  is  a  trustee  and 
the  secretary  of  the  East  Brooklyn  Savings  Bank,  and 
is  a  prominent  member  of  the  Hamilton  Club.     Since 
1863  he  has  been  connected  with  St.  Matthew's  Protest- 
ant Episcopal  Church.     For  twenty-five  years  he  was 
superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school  and  for  several 
terms  was  manager  of    the  Brooklyn  Sunday-school 
Union. 

Harrison  Willis,  M.D.,  for  fifteen  years  has  been 
one  of  the  censors  of  the  Kings  County  Homoeopathic 
Society,  and  two  years  its  president.  He  is  a  de- 
scendant of  that  branch  of  the  Willis  family  of  which 
Nathaniel  P.  Willis,  the  author,  was  a  conspicuous  mem- 
ber, and  traces  his  American  ancestry  back  to  1640, 
when  his  forefathers  came  to  this  country  and  joined 
the  Plymouth  colony.  Born  in  Rehoboth,  Mass.,  in 
1836,  he  went  to  school  at  the  Seekonk  Classical  Acad- 
emy, now  in  East  Providence,  R.  I.  He  was  gradu- 
ated at  the  Cleveland,  Ohio,  Homoeopathic  Medical  Col- 
lege in   1865,  having  previously  attended  lectures  at 


Harrison  Willis,  M.  D. 


688 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


the  Pittsfield  Medical  College.  He  began  to  practice  medicine  in  Clinton,  N.  Y.,  and  came  tp  Brooklyn  in 
i86S.  For  two  years  he  attended  obstetrical  lectures  and  clinics  at  the  Bellevue  Hospital  and  the  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  and  began  his  surgical  career  with  a  series  of  clever  operations  that  stamped 
him  as  an  original,  independent,  and. highly  capable  operator.  As  a  lecturer  on  gynecology  he  shows  a  rare 
faculty  of  engaging  the  attention  and  communicating  instruction.  He  is  the  visiting  surgeon  of  the  Brooklyn 
Homoeopathic  Hospital  and  consulting  surgeon  of  the  Brooklyn  Memorial  Hospital,  the  Brooklyn  Mater- 
nity Hospital  and  the  Brooklyn  Nursery.  His  contributions  to  medical  literature  have  been  chiefly  in  the 
columns  of  the  North  American  Journal  of  Homceopathy  and  the  transactions  of  the  State  Homoeopathic 
Society.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Lincoln  Club.  In  1866  he  married  Ellen  White,  of  Pawtucket,  R.  L;  she 
died  in  Brooklyn  in  1S72,  and  in  1874  he  married  Isabella  M.  Mirrielees.  His  two  oldest  sons  are  now 
both  practicing  medicine,  Harrison  Willis,  Jr.,  M.  D.,  being  at  present  resident  surgeon  at  St.  Martha's 
Sanitarium. 

Frederick  WiLT.TA^r  Wunderetch,  M.  1).,  who  has  been  a  successful   practising  physician  in  Brooklyn 
since  1869,  began  his  medical  education  in  a  very  practical  wa}-  as  an  apprentice  to  the  druggist's  business 

from  which  he  went  into  the  Union  army  as  a  hos- 
pital steward  in  the  early  days  of  the  war  ;  and  he  per- 
fected it  by  thorough  courses  of  regular  study  and  a 
long  service  in  both  the  army  and  the  navy.     He  was 
born  in  Wittelde,  Germany,  in  1841.      Until  he  was 
fourteen  years  old  he   attended  school  in  his  native 
land.     Then  he  came  to  America  and  went  to  St.  Louis, 
where  in  a  short  time  he  became  apprentice  to  a  drug- 
gist.     He  was  appointed  as  a  hospital  steward  in  the 
army  when    the  war  began,  and  served  in  a  general 
hospital  at  St.  Louis  until  the  fall  of  1863.     He  took 
up  the  regular  study  of  medicine  while  at  this  post  of 
duty,  and,  after   taking  the    course  at  the  St.   Louis 
Medical  College,  was   graduated  in   1864.      After  his 
graduation  he  passed  e.xamination  for  appointment  as 
acting  assistant  surgeon  in  both  the  army  and  navy 
and,  receiving  an  appointment  to  the  army,  was  as- 
signed to  duty  in  the  general  hospital  at  Leavenworth, 
Kansas.     Subsequently  he  was  appointed  as  an  acting 
assistant  surgeon  in  the  navy,  and  resigned  from  the 
army.     On  May  10,  1865,  he  was  appointed  assistant 
surgeon,  having  passed  an  e.xamination  for  that  grade 
before  a  board  of  naval  surgeons  at  the  Naval  Asylum 
in  Philadelphia.      After  various  tours  of  duty  he  was 
sent  to  the  Brooklyn  navy  yard,  and  was  attached  to 
the  receiving  ship  "Vermont"    from  June    10,  1867, 
until  January  18,  1868.       He  was  with  Admiral  Far- 
ragut  on  the  cruise  from  Lisbon  to  the  coasts  of  Hol- 
land and    England,  and  then    to    Gibraltar  and  up  the  Mediterranean  from  AprH  29   until    October  15, 
1868       In  1869   he  was  promoted  to  the  grade  of   passed    assistant  surgeon,  and  served  at  the  Marine 
Rendezvous  at  Washington,  1).  C,  during  the  summer  of  1869,  when  he  resigned  to  engage  in  private  prac- 
tice  establishing  himself  in  Brooklyn  in  November  of  that  year.     For  some  time  he  w^as  connected  with  the 
outdoor  department  of  the  Long  Island  College  Hospital,  and  he  was  a  member  of  the  attending  staff  of  St 
Mary  s  Hospital  several  years.     Since  January,  1883,  he  has  been  an  attending  surgeon  at  St   Pete 


Fkkuerick  W.  Wunderlich,  M.  D. 


tal.     He  is 
Pathoh)!;! 


iter's  Hospi- 


IS  a  member  of  tlie  Medical  Society  of  the  County  of  Kings,  Brooklyn  Surgical  Society,  Brooklyn 
r  u  ,  ^  ,  ""f  >''  'American  Medical  Association,  New  York  Academy  of  Medicine,  Ueutschen  Medic- 
Gesellschaft  der  Stadt  New  York,  Brooklyn  Germania  Club,  Brooklyn  Institute,  Brooklyn  Art  Association, 
Long  Island  Historical  Society  and  the  Brooklyn  Chess  Club. 

John  Lester  Keep,  M.  I).,  was  born  March   ,8,  1838,  in   New  Haven,  Conn.,  and  received  his  pre- 
hmin.u-y  education  at  Lhelford  Academy,  Vt.,  and  in  Dr.  Russell's  Collegiate  and  Commercial  Institute  of 

iTn   M  7'  ?r  "n  7  ''  '"'■""'  """'■'"  "'  ''^'  ^'''^'  ^"-^''''''^  ^"ll^y^-  he  ''^^  gi-aduated  at  the  Hahne- 

Sle.r   ?■?."'"''''''"  "^  the  class  of   x86o  and  at   the  New  York   Homoeopathic   Medical 
,^7         '""'!,"'''''  "f   "^^^-     ^'  '"^aan  the  practice  of  medicine  in  Brooklyn  in  the  spring  of   i860  and  in 

Sa  ahTo  t   A     '"'"  '^  ^"'''7'  "'  '"'  ''■''  "  ■'"""  '•'"^'^•"'  J---"  "f  ''-  ""'-^  Ball  line.    He  married,  in  1865, 
Sarah  Coit  Avery,  and  they  have  three  children.     In   1867  he  established  the  Gates  Avenue  Homoeopathic 


HOSPITALS,  DISPENSARIES   AND    PHYSICIANS. 


689 


Dispensary,  of  which  he  is  a  trustee  and  medical 
director.  He  is  consulting  physician  at  the  Brooklyn 
Homeopathic  Dispensary  and  a  member  of  the  medi- 
cal staff  of  the  Brooklyn  Homoeopathic  Hospital.  He 
has  been  prominently  identified  with  Brooklyn  mili- 
tary organizations,  being  a  life  member  of  the  13th 
Regiment  Veteran  Association  ;  he  was  commissioned 
surgeon  of  the  13th  Regiment  in  1868  and  of  the  5th 
Brigade,  N.  G.,  S.  N.  Y.,  in  1S69.  He  was  surgeon  of 
the  Second  Division  in  1880,  was  brevetted  colonel  in 
1883,  and  rendered  supernumerary  in  1884.  His  father, 
Lester  Keep,  M.  D.,  was  an  old  Brooklyn  practitioner 
and  his  grandfather,  John  Keep,  of  South  Lee,  Mass., 
was  a  soldier  in  the  revolution.  Dr.  Keep  is  a  member 
of  the  American  Institute  of  Homixopathy,  a  life  mem- 
ber of  the  Long  Island  Historical  and  New  England 
societies  and  a  member  of  Altair  Lodge,  601,  F.  &  A. 
M.,  the  Brooklyn,  INIontauk  and  Crescent  clubs  and  the 
New  York  and  Philadelphia  Medical  College  alumni 
associations  ;  he  was  vice-president  of  the  New  York 
Medical  College  Alumni  .Association  in  1890.  He  has 
been  vice-president  and  necrologist  of  the  Hahne- 
mannian  College  Association  and  for  two  years  was 
secretary  of  the  Kings  County  Homoeopathic  Medical 
Society.     It  has  been  his  custom  for  many  years  to 

spend  the  summer  months  at  Shelter  Island,  at  which  J-  Li^ster  keep,  m.  d. 

place  he  has  a  pleasant  cottage   and  is  regarded  as  one  of   the  leading  men  in  the  summer  colony. 

William  M.  L.  Fiske,  M.  D.,  is  descended  not  only  from  one  of  the  earliest  and  most  honorable  New 
England  families,  tracing  its  pedigree  to  Symond  Fiske,  Lord  of  the  Manor  of  Stradhaugh,  parish  of  Lax- 
field,  county  of  Suffolk,  England,  who  lived  in  the  reigns  of  Kings  Henry  IV.  and  VI.,  but  from  a  line  of 
able,  and  in  some  cases  celebrated  physicians  extending  through  several  generations.  Phineas  Fiske,  who  with 
his  sons,  James,  John  and  Thomas,  settled  at  Wenham,  Mass.,  was  the  pilgrim  father  of  the  family  of  Fiske 

in  America.  The  father  of  Dr.  Fiske  was  Almond  D. 
Fiske,  a  manufacturer  and  inventor  of  note.  Dr.  Fiske 
was  born  in  New  York  on  May  10,  184 1.  At  the  age 
of  ten  and  after  the  death  of  his  father  the  family 
removed  to  Chazy,  Clinton  County,  N.  Y.,  and  later  he 
attended  the  Bakersfield,  Vt.,  and  Champlain,  N.  Y., 
academies,  where  he  prepared  for  college  and  the 
study  of  medicine,  and  in  1859  became  a  student  at 
the  New  York  Medical  College.  At  the  opening  of 
the  Bellevue  Medical  College  he  was  one  of  the  first 
to  enter  as  a  student  there.  Not  long  afterward,  after 
passing  a  competitive  examination,  he  was  appointed 
one  of  the  physicians  at  Blackwell's  Island  Charity 
Hospital  and  served  eight  months.  In  1862  he  en- 
listed in  Co.  A.  of  the  47th  Regiment  as  a  private 
soldier.  After  a  month's  service  in  the  ranks  he  was 
appointed  by  General  Morris  to  act  as  steward  in  the 
convalescent  hospital,  at  Fort  McHenry,  and  a  few 
weeks  later  was  promoted  to  be  acting  assistant  post 
surgeon,  in  charge  of  the  post  hospital,  and  served 
in  that  capacity  until  the  expiration  of  the  regiment's 
three  months'  service.  Returning  to  Brooklyn  he 
again  entered  the  Bellevue  Medical  College  and  was 
graduated  in  1863.  Immediately  after  his  graduation 
he  became  a  student  of  h(jnKcopathy  with  Dr.  Albert 
Wright,  of  Brooklyn,  and  was  graduated  from  the  New 
William  m.  l.  Fiske,  m.  d.  York  Homosopathic  Medical  College  in  1864      After  a 


6go 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


few  months  in  private  practice  he  was  appointed  acting  assistant  surgeon  in  the  United  States  Army,  and 
served  until  the  close  of  the  war.  After  the  war  he  practiced  two  years  in  Aurora,  111.,  and  five  years  in 
Rochester,  N.  Y.  At  the  solicitation  of  Dr.  Wright  he  returned  to  Brooklyn  to  become  a  partner  with  him, 
a  relation  which  continued  until  the  death  of  Dr.  Wright  in  1874.  He  associated  himself  with  the  chair  of 
surgery  in  the  Brooklyn  Homoeopathic  Dispensary  and  upon  the  organization  of  the  Cumberland  street 
hospital  became  one  of  its  surgeons  ;  in  1882  he  was  unanimously  elected  medical  director  and  president 
of  staff.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Brooklyn,  E.  D.,  Homoeopathic  Dispensary  and  was  its  president 
during  a  long  period  ;  he  is  still  consulting  surgeon  and  trustee.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  and 
lecturers  of  the  Brooklyn  Maternity  and  Training  School  for  Nurses;  and  is  consulting  surgeon  for  the 
Woman's  Memorial  Hospital,  e.x-president  of  the  Kings  County  Homoeopathic  Society,  president  of  the 
New  York  State  Homoeopathic  Society  [1892],  senior  member  of  the  American  Lrstitute  of  Homoeopathy 
and  member  of  the  American  Gynecological  Society.  He  holds  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine 
from  the  State  Board  of  Regents.  He  was  connected  with  the  Smithsonian  Institute,  establishing  the  first 
weather  bureau  in  Florida,  previous  to  the  organization  of  the  present  weather  bureau  service. 

Samuel  Sherwell,  M.  D.,  who  holds  an  honorable  rank  in  the  medical  profession,  came  to  America 
from  his  native  country,  England,  under  peculiarly  interesting  auspices.     He  was  a  lad  of  seventeen  when 

the  first  Atlantic  cable  was  laid  in  1858  and  through 
the  courtesy  of  a  family  friend.  Captain  Hudson  of  the 
United  States  frigate  "Niagara,"  he  was  the  guest  of 
that  officer  on  the  memorable  cable-laying  trip,  and 
landed  in  New  York  in  company  with  the  late  Cyrus 
W.  Field  on  August  9  of  the  year  just  mentioned.    He 
was  born  in   1841,  near  Plymouth,  England,  and  is  a 
grand-nephew  of  the  late  Augustus  Graham,  founder  of 
the^  Brooklyn  Institute,  Brooklyn  Hospital  and  other 
local  institutions.    After  coming  to  America,  he  began 
in  1864  to  study  medicine,  and  was  graduated  at  Belle- 
vue  Hospital  in   1868,  after  which  he  served  as  resi- 
dent surgeon  at  the  Brooklyn  Hospital  until  the  sum- 
mer of  1869.     In  the  same  summer  he  went  to  Europe, 
where    he    remained    nearly  two    years,  spending  the 
greater  portion  of  the  time  in  study  in  Vienna.     While 
he  was  abroad  the  Franco-German  war  began,  in  the 
fall  of  1870,  and  he  joined  the  Anglo-American  ambu- 
lance corps  at  Sedan  early  in  September.     With  this 
corps  he  served  there  and  in  the  interior  of  France  till 
the  end  of  the  campaign.      When  the  war  ended  he 
received  with  his  chiefs.  Sir  William  McCormac  and 
Marion  Sims,  the  decoration  of  the  cross  of  the  mili- 
tary order  of  merit  conferred  by  the  Bavarian  Govern- 
ment.    In  the  summer  of  187 1  he  returned  to  Brook- 
lyn, and  has  been  an  active  practitioner  till  the  present 
time.     He  was  appointed  lecturer  on  dermatology  at 
the  Long  Island  College  Hospital  in  1877,  and  was  made 
chnical  professor  m  1SS6  ;  he  retains  the  latter  position.     Since  1874  he  has  been  surgeon  to  the  skin  and 
throat  department  of  the  Brooklyn  Eye  and  Ear  Hospital,and  he  has  been  visiting  physician  of  the  Brook- 
lyn Hospital  since  1879.     He  is  a  member  of  most  of  the  local  medical  societies,  and  he  is  a  permanent 
member  of  the  State  Medical  Society  and  the  Academy  of  Medicine  in  New  York.     In  1881  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  New  York  Dermatological  Society;  he  was  vice-president  of  the  American  Dermatological 
Society  from  1879  until  1889,  and  at  the  present  time  he  is  president  of  the  Brooklyn  Dermatological  Society. 
1  o  the  literature  of  his  profession  Dr.  Sherwell  has  been  a  constant  contributor.     He  has  prepared  valuable 
papers  for  the  several  learned  societies  in  which  he  holds  membership,  and  has  written  articles  for  several 
well-known  medical  publications.     He  has  contributed  to  the  Brook/yu  Medical  Journal  from  its  inception. 
His  social  club  connections  are  with  the  Germania  and  Riding  and  Driving  clubs 

Military  and  club  as  well  as  social  and  medical  circles  have  long  been  familiar  with  the  presence  of 
£.DwiN  A  LEWIS,  M.  D.,  for  ten  years  surgeon  of  the  23d  Regiment  and  professor  of  anatomy  in  the  Long 
Island  College  Hospital.  He  was  born  in  Naugatuck,  Conn.,  in  1847  and  settled  in  Brooklyn  in  1875  He 
'TJlltTf  ^™"!^^'^  ^°"ege  i"  1870,  and  in  1873  was  graduated  with  high  honors  at  Bellevue  Hospital 
I  he  two  years  intervening  between  his  graduation  and  his  settlement  in  Brooklyn  were 


Samuel  Sherwell,  II.  D. 


Medical  College. 


HOSPITALS,  DISPENSARIES   AND    PHYSICIANS. 


691 


Edwin  A.  Lewis,  M.  D. 


spent  by  him  in  Bellevue  Hospital  as  resident  interne. 

He  was  made  surgeon  to  the  Brooklyn  City  Dispensary 

in  187s,  and  the  year  following,  1876,  became  surgeon 

to  the  23d  Regiment.  He  early  identified  himself  with 

the  best  elements  of  Brooklyn  life.  He  became  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Kings  County  Medical  Society,  the  Brook- 
lyn Pathological  Society,  and  the  Brooklyn  Surgical 

Society,  and  as  well  of  the  Brooklyn   Excelsior  and 

Germania  clubs  and  the  Union  League  Club,  of  New 

York.    He  served  two  years  as  police  surgeon  and  two 

as  fire  surgeon   under   the  administration   of    Mayor 

Low.     He  is  visiting  surgeon  in  the  Brooklyn  and  the 

Long  Island  College  hospitals  and  consulting  surgeon 

to  the  Eastern  District  Hospital.    His  contributions  to 

the  medical  magazines  have  given  him  a  place  among 

writers  on  scientific  subjects. 

Arnold  Welles  Catlin,  M.  A.,  M.  D.,  was  born 

in  Hudson,  N.  Y.,  on  September  25,   1841,  and  came 

with  his  parents  to  Brooklyn  when  he  was  four  years 

old.     He  made  his  preparatory  studies  for  college  at 

Dr.  Richards'  seminary  in  the  old  house  at  Litchfield, 

Conn.,  where  Henry  Ward  and  Harriet  Beecher  were 

born.  Entering  Yale  College  in  1858,  he  was  gradu- 
ated in  1862  and  at  once  began  his  medical  studies, 

spending  two  years  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and 

Surgeons  in  New  York  city  and  his  third  year  in  the 

University  of  Pennsylvania,  where  he  was  graduated  in  1865.    After  serving  honorably  during  the  Civil  war 

as  an  assistant  surgeon   he  began  practice  in  Philadelphia  ;  but  later  he  returned  to  Yale  to  obtain  the 

degree  of  Master  of  Arts  and  then  went  abroad  to  study  in  France  and  Germany.     In  the  year   1868  he 

settled  in  Brooklyn,  where  he  has  since  engaged  in  a  successful  practice.     He  has  been  connected  with  St. 

John's  Hospital  alm.ost  from  its  inception  as  one  of  the  attending  physicians  and  was  one  of  the  first  to 

move  in  the  work  of  establishing  the  Home  for  Consumptives,  serving  also  for  a  time  on  its  staff.     In  the 

spring  of  1880  he  married  Miss  Cornelia  W.  Wood- 
' '"":"  ward,  of  Brooklyn,  and  was  left  a  widower  the  follow- 

ing year.  Subsequently,  in  the  fall  of  1885,  he  married 
Miss  Elizabeth  L.  Woodward.  He  has  one  son  and 
one  daughter.  Benefaction  attends  tlie  work  of  the 
skilled  physician,  and  where  there  is  added  to  skill  the 
quality  of  heart  which  gives  birth  to  personal  interest 
in  his  patient,  he  becomes  not  only  the  medical  coun- 
sellor, but  the  valued  friend.  Dr.  Catlin  is  such  a 
physician  and  his  generous  meed  of  success  is  the 
natural  result  of  an  absorbing  interest  in  his  art,  and 
an  unselfish,  devoted  love  for  his  suffering  fellow 
creatures.  His  belief  that  the  work  of  healing  is  not 
confined  to  the  weakened  body,  but  extends  to  the 
broken  spirit,  is  attested  by  a  grateful  and  loyal  fol- 
lowing. Love  of  literature  is  one  of  his  strong  charac- 
teristics and  his  extensive  acquaintance  with  books 
and  libraries  has  naturally  called  forth  a  deep  interest 
in  the  cause  of  education  by  the  free  distribution  of 
pure  reading  matter  among  the  masses.  He  has  been 
liberal  with  his  time  and  means  in  forwarding  this 
work  and  the  Long  Island  Free  Library,  of  which  he 
has  been  president  for  many  years,  practically  owes 
its  existence  to  his  guiding  energy  and  ever  zealous 
devotion. 

Joseph  Howard  Raymond,  M.  D.,  has  long  been 
ARNOLD  Welles  Catlin,  m.  d.  identified  with  all  that  is  most  progressive  in  medical 


692  THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 

matters  in  Kings  Count^^     He  was  born  in  Brool<lyn  in  1845  and  is  a  graduate  of  the  Polytechnic  Insti- 
tute ;  he  took  his  bachelor's  degree  at  Willianrs  College  in  1866,  and  his  degree  in  medicine  at  the  Long 
Island  College  Hospital  in  1868.     The  following  year  he  received  also  a  degree  from  the  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons   in  New  York  ;  and  at  about  the  same  time  was  made  a  iVIaster  of  Arts  by  his  alma 
mater.     He  then  went  to  Europe  and  studied  his  profession  in  Paris  and  Berlin.     Returning  to  this  country 
in  the  summer  of  1S70  he  was  appointed  resident  physician  at  the  Nursery  and   Child's  Hospital,  and  the 
Idiot  Asylum  on  Randall's  Island  ;  these  positions  he  held  until  187 1,  when  he  was  made  resident  physician 
and  surgeon  at  the  Brooklyn  City  Hospital.     The  following  year  he  served  for  a  short  time  as  public  vac- 
cinator, and  at  this  time  entered  into  practice.     In   the  same  year,  1872,  he  was  appointed  assistant  to  the 
chair  of  physiology  in  the  Long  Island  College  Hospital,  and  two  years  later  he  was  made  professor  of  that 
department,  which  position  he  still  holds.      His  chair  has,  for  the  past  ten  years,  also  included  sanitarv 
science,  and  he  is  secretary  to  the  faculty.     In  1876,  he  was  appointed  visiting  physician  to  St.  Peter's  Hos- 
pital ;  previous  to  this  period,  however,  in  1873,  he  had  become  sanitary  inspector,  an  office  which  he  held 
up  to  the  time  when  he  was  appointed  sanitary  superintendent  in  1877.     In   1882  he  was  appointed  health 
commissioner  by  Mayor  Seth  Low,  a  position  which  he  filled  with  ability  and  distinction  during  the  four  years 
of  Mr.  Low's  mayoralty.    Dr.  Raymond's  father,  Israel  Ward  Raymond,  was  an  old  resident  of  Brooklyn,  and 
with  his  brothers,  John  H.  and  Robert  R.  Raymond,  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the   Hamilton  Literary 
Association,  afterwards  the  Hamilton  Club.      I.  W.  Raymond  was  one  of  the  earliest  of  California  pioneers 
and  was  well  known  as  a  steamship  man  throughout  the  United  States,  being  at  one  time  vice-president  of 
the  Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Company.     Dr.  Raymond  is  a  direct  descendant  of  Richard  Raymond,  of  Salem 
Mass.,  who  was  made  a  freeman  (or  citizen)  of  Massachusetts  in  1634.    He  was  a  member  of  the  first  jury  ever 
impanelled  in  Salem.    His  grandfather  was  Eliakim  Raymond,  who  was  prominent  in  the  public,  church  and 
benevolent  affairs  of  Brooklyn  seventy  years  ago.    On  his  mother's  side.  Dr.  Raymond  descends  from  Joseph 
Howard,  of  Salem,  Mass.,  and  afterwards  of  Brooklyn.     He  has  made  a  reputation  as  editor  of  the  Brooklyn 
Medical  Journal  ^'mce  its  first  issue  in  1888;  as  vice-president  of  the  American  Public  Health  Association; 
director  of  the  Brooklyn  Eye  and  Ear  Hospital ;  director,  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Hoagland  Labora- 
tory; lecturer  on  physiology  and  hygiene  in  the  Brooklyn  Normal  School  for  Physical  Education  ;  member  of 
the  Medical  Society  of  the  County  of  Kings  ;  fellow  of  the  Gynecological  Society  ;  visiting  physician  of 
the  Seaside  Home  at  Coney  Island  ;  medical  adviser  of  the  Brooklyn  Bureau  of  Charities,  and  trustee  of 
the  Polytechnic  Institute.     For  the  past  eight  years  he  has  been  a  physician  in  the  dispensary  of  the  Long 
Island  College  Hospital,  during  the  last  five  of  which  he  has  been  connected  with  the  department  of 
diseases  of  women.     In  private  practice  he  is  associated  with  Dr.  Alexander  T.  C.  Skene. 

Samuel  Flket  Spi-;ir,  M.  D.,  is  one  of  the  most  conspicuous  characters  among  the  physicians  of  Brook- 
lyn.    He  was  born  in  this  city,  where  he  has  always  lived  and  here  has  been  the  field  of  those  labors  which 
have  gained  for  him  fortune  and  distinction.     Combining  the  work  of  a  general  practitioner  with  the  facili- 
ties of  a  specialist,  he  has  made  it  possible  for  his  patients  to  have  under  his  own  eye  and  amid  home-like 
surroundings  all  the  advantages  of  special  treatment  and  hospital  service.     He  maintains  a  private  labora- 
tory of  his  own  and  three  chemists  to  prepare  his  prescriptions.     Four  buildings  are  demanded  for  the 
wants  of  his  various  departments.     He  was  graduated  from  the  Medical  Department  of  the  University  of 
New  York  in   1S60,  with  high  honors,  when  twenty-two  years  of  age.     He  is  the  son  of  a  distinguished 
New  York  merchant,  Robert  Speir,  and  of  Hannah  Fleet  Speir,  a  member  of  one  of  the  oldest  families  on 
Long  Island.     Samuel  Fleet,  the  grandfather  of  S.  Fleet  Speir,  was  a  lineal  descendant,  in  the  fifth  gene- 
ration,  from   Captain   Thomas    Fleet,    the   American   ancestor    of   the    Fleet   family,   who    came   to   this 
country  about   1650,  and  settled  at   Northport,  near   Huntington,  L.  I.       The   English    patronymic  was 
Fleetwood,  the   latter  part  of   the   name   having  been   dropped    on    liis    arrival    in   America   by   Captain 
Thomas  Fleet,  son  of  Sir  William  Fleetwood,  an  admiral  in  the  English  navy.      Captain  Thomas  Fleet, 
previous  to  ccnning  to  this  country,  was  an  officer  in  the  British  navy  and  possessed  of  ample  means  ;  he 
became  one  of  the  original  patentees  of  Huntington,  L.  I.      Dr.  Speir  was  educated  at  the  Polytechnic 
Institute  and  by  a  private  tutor.     After  his  graduation  he  went  abroad,  where  he  spent  some  eighteen 
months  attending  the  various  hospitals  and  clinics.     He  caused  the  introduction  of  the  use  of  plaster  of 
pans  splints  into  the  army  of  the  Potomac,  and  received  the  thanks  of  the  United  States  sanitary  commis- 
sion.    Upon  his  return  from  his  second  European  trip  in  1864,  where  his  studies  were  chiefly  in  the  direc- 
tion of  ophthalmology  and  ot.jlogy,  he  was  appointed  surgeon  of  the  Brooklyn  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary. 
During  this  year  he  wrote  a  monograph  on  the  "  Pathology  of  Jaundice,"  for  which  he  was  awarded  a  gold 
medal  by  the  American  Medical  Association.     Among  the  other  papers  which  have  assisted  to  gain  him  a 
high  reputation  m  medical  literature  an  essay  on  a  new  method  of  arresting  surgical  hemorrhage  by  the 
artery  constrictor  won   the  "  Merritt  H.  Cash   prize,"  awarded   by  the  New  York   State  Medical  Society. 
His  plan  of  procedure  has  subsequently  been  embodied  in  the  works  on  surgery  of  Professors  Gross  and 
Hamilton  as  well  as  of  Bryant  of  Guy's  Hospital,  London.     He  is  a  member  of  the  American  Medical 


S.  Fleet  Spier,  M.  D. 


694 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


Association,  the  New  York  State  Medical  Society,  the  New  York  Pathological  Society,  the  Kings  County 
Medical  Society,  and  the  New  York  Journal  Association,  a  fellow  of  the  New  York  Academy  of  Medicine, 
and  by  invitation  a  member  of  the  "  International  Medical  Congress  "  which  was  held  in  Philadelphia  in 
1876.  He  has  served  as  physician,  curator  and  microscopist  to  the  Brooklyn  City  Hospital,  of  which  he  is 
surgeon  ;  and  he  has  served  as  surgeon  in  the  tumor  and  cancer  department  of  the  Brooklyn  City  Dispen- 
sary and  as  demonstrator  of  anatomy  to  the  Long  Island  College  Hospital.  He  originated  the  Dispensary 
of  the  Helping  Hand.  In  addition  to  his  office  at  162  Montague  street  he  has  one  at  Bensonhurst-by-the- 
Sea,  where  he  has  his  summer  home.  To  his  foresight  and  liberality  was  due  the  establishment  of  the 
seaside  sanitarium  for  children  at  Coney  Island,  of  which  he  was  the  visiting  physician  ;  he  has  long  been 
a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Children's  Aid  Society.  He  is  president  of  the  Robins  Island 
Gun  Club  at  Great  Peconic  Bay,  L.  I.,  an  organization  of  which  he  was  the  founder. 

A  native  of  Bath,  Me.,  and  a  graduate  of  Bowdoin 
College,  CH.4RLES  Jewett,  M.  D.,  brought  his  habits 
of  New  England  energy  to  a  congenial  field  when  he 
made  his  home  in  Brooklyn  in  1867.  About  that  time 
he  began  the  study  of  medicine  and  was  graduated 
from  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  1871. 
In  1880  he  received  the  appointment  of  professor  of 
obstetrics  and  diseases  of  children  in  the  Long  Island 
College  Hospital,  a  position  which  he  still  holds.  He 
is  also  a  member  of  the  hospital  staff  and  is  recognized 
as  one  of  the  most  eminent  gynecological  specialists 
in  the  country.  He  was  for  a  time  editor  of  the  An- 
nals  of  the  Anatomical  and  Surgical  Society.  He  is  the 
author  of  one  or  two  well-known  books  in  his  specialty 
and  of  numerous  papers  on  obstetrical  and  other  sub- 
jects. Among  the  learned  bodies  with  which  he  is 
identified  are  the  Medical  Society  of  Kings  County, 
of  which  he  was  three  times  elected  president,  in  the 
years  of  1879,  1880,  and  1881  ;  the  Brooklyn  Gyneco- 
logical Society,  the  Brooklyn  Pathological  Society,  the 
New  York  State  Medical  Society,  the  New  York  Acad- 
emy of  Medicine,  the  New  York  Obstetrical  Society, 
and  both  the  British  and  American  Gynecological  soci- 
eties. He  is  a  trustee  of  the  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary 
and  vice-president  of  the  New  York  Physicians'  Mutual 
Aid  Society,  a  member  of  the  New  England  Society 
and  of  the  Union  League  Club  of  Brooklyn.  He  has 
been  appointed  honorary  chairman  of  the  obstetric 
section  of  the  Pan-American  Medical  Congress  for  1893. 

John  D.  Rushmore,  M.  D.,  is  a  member  of  the  faculty  of  the  Long  Island  College  Hospital.  His  birth 
occurred  in  this  city  in  1845.  In  1864  he  was  graduated  from  the  Polytechnic  and  Collegiate  Institute;  he 
entered  Williams  College  the  same  year,  and  was  graduated  in  1867.  He  received  his  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Medicine  from  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  in  New  York  city,  three  years  later.  During  one 
winter  he  served  in  the  Child's  Hospital,  on  Randall's  Island,  and  the  following  year  he  served  in  the  Brook- 
lyn Hospital.  In  1872  he  began  practicing  privately  in  connection  with  the  late  Dr.  J.  C.  Hutchison;  some 
six  years  later  he  associated  himself  with  Dr.  C.  L.  Mitchell,  continuing  until  the  death  of  Dr.  Mitchell.  He 
is  professor  of  surgery  at  the  Long  Island  College  Hospital,  attending  surgeon  to  the  Brooklyn  Hospital, 
St.  Peter's  Hospital  and  the  Brooklyn  Eye  and  Ear  Hospital.  He  is  a  member  of  the  New  York  State 
Medical  Association,  New  York  Ophthalmological  and  Otological  Society,  New  York  Surgical  Society, 
American  Ophthalmological  Society,  American  Otological  Society,  American  Medical  Association,  and  the 
American  Surgical  Association.  He  is  also  a  member  and  an  e.\-president  of  the  King  County  Medical 
Association,  and  a  member  of  the  Hamilton  Club. 

William  Maddren,  M.  D.,  has  been  engaged  in  the  practice  of  medicine  in  Brooklyn  about  twenty 
years  and  is  one  of  those  physicians  who  continually  make  a  study  of  their  profession.  He  was  born  in 
London,  England,  on  August  14,  1845,  and  has  lived  in  Brooklyn  since  1857.  His  primary  education  was 
acquired  at  the  public  schools  and  under  private  instruction,  and  he  studied  medicine  at  the  Bellevue 
Medical  College,  New  York  city,  where  he  was  graduated  in  1873.  For  twenty  years  he  has  been  con- 
nected with  the  Brooklyn  Central   Dispensary  as  attending  physician   in   the  department  of  diseases  of 


Charles  Jewett,  M.  D. 


HOSPITALS,  DISPENSARIES   AND    PHYSICIANS. 


695 


William  Maddren,  M.  D. 


women  and  children,  and  surgery.  He  is  a  member 
of  Kings  County  Medical  Society  and  a  permanent 
member  of  the  Medical  Society  of  the  State  of  New 
York,  treasurer  of  the  Brooklyn  Gynecological  Society, 

and  a  member  of  the  Brooklyn  Pathological  Society, 

the  Practitioners'  Club  of  Brooklyn  and  the  New  York 

Physicians'  Mutual  Aid  Association.    His  contributions 

to  medical   literature    have   been   of  a  practical   and 

valuable  character,  including  a  paper  on  "  Trichinosis," 

published  in  the  "  Proceedings  of  the  Medical  Society 

of  the  County  of  Kings,  August,  1879,"  an  article  on 

"The  Complications  and  Sequelse  of  Typhoid  Fever," 

in  the  Brooklyn  Medical  Journal  of  December,  1889; 

and   "  A  Few   Remarks  upon   the   Brandt   System  of 

Treatment  of  the  Diseases  of  Women,"  published  in 

the  same  journal  in  May,  1892. 

John  E.  Richardson,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  Albany, 

N.  Y.,  on  February  28,  185 1.     He  is  the  son  of  William 

and  Mary  Richardson.    In  April,  1865,  he  removed  with 

his  parents  to  New  York  city  and  in  November,  1867, 

they  made  Brooklyn  their  residence.    He  entered  the 

Brooklyn    Polytechnic    Institute,   taking   the    liberal 

course.     From  there  in   1873  he  went  to  the  College 

of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  New  York  city.    From 

this  college  he  was  graduated  in  1877,  being  chosen 

president  of  his  class  ;  he  was  also  one  of  the  honor 

men  of  his  class.     After  graduation  he  became  an  interne  in  the  Brooklyn  Hospital,  in  which  institution  he 

served  in  both  the  medical  and  surgical  wards  a  year  and  a  half.     At  the  expiration  of  this  period  he  left 

the  hospital  and  went  to  Europe,  spending  considerable  time  in  the  hospitals  of  Vienna,  Berlin  and  London, 

under  the  personal  instruction  of  such  men  as  Profs.  Von  Langenbeck,  Billroth,  Politzer,  Hebra,  Virchow, 

Tobold,  Lister,  Jonathan  Hutchinson  and  Morrell  Mackenzie.    After  spending  nearly  a  year  and  a  half  in 

Europe  he  returned  to  Brooklyn,  and  in  January,  1880,  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession.     Among 

the  different  professional  positions  of  honor  which  he 
has  held  have  been  those  of  police  surgeon  for  five 
years,  surgeon  to  the  Brooklyn  Orthopedic  Infirmary, 
physician  to  the  Sheltering  Arms  Nursery,  the  Baptist 
Home  and  surgeon  to  the  Atlantic  Avenue  Railroad 
Company  and  the  Long  Island  Railroad  Company.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Kings  County  Medical  Society, 
the  Kings  County  Medical  Association,  the  Brooklyn 
Pathological  Society,  the  Brooklyn  Surgical  Society, 
the  New  York  Academy  of  Medicine  and  the  Phy- 
sicians'Mutual  Aid  Association.  He  has  written  many 
articles  on  subjects  of  interest  to  the  profession  which 
he  has  read  before  the  different  societies  of  which  he 
is  a  member.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Emmanuel 
Baptist  Church,  and  of  the  Oxford,  Germania  and 
Riding  and  Driving  clubs. 

William  H.  B.  Pratt,  M.  D.,  is  one  of  the  leading 
family  physicians  in  Brooklyn  and  has  been  established 
a  number  of  years  in  the  twenty-second  ward,  his  home 
being  at  94  Sixth  avenue.  He  was  born  in  Brooklyn, 
in  1842,  and  after  attending  school  in  Hartford,  Conn., 
entered  Yale  College  in  the  class  of  1864,  with  which 
he  was  graduated.  Taking  the  full  course  of  study  at 
the  New  York  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  he 
was  graduated  from  that  institution  in  1867  and  supple- 
mented his  medical  education  by  twelve  months'  service 
John  e.  Richardson,  m.  d.  as  an  interne  at  Bellevue  Hospital,  New  York.     This 


^ 


696 


THE    EAGLE   AND    BROOKLYN. 


he  followed  up  by  three  years  of  study  in  Vienna, 
where  he  took  a  general  course.  He  devotes  himself 
to  family  practice,  but  he  was  visiting  physician  at 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Hospital  from  its  opening 
until  April,  1892,  and  he  is  now  consulting  physician 
at  that  hospital.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Kings 
County  Medical  Society  and  is  a  contributor  to  its 
annals.  Otb.er  organizations  iu  which  he  holds  mem- 
bership are  the  Yale  Alumni  Association,  the  Skull  and 
Bones  Society  of  Yale,  the  Psi  Upsilon  fraternity,  the 
Carleton  and  the  Riding  and  Driving  clubs.  He  is  a 
past  master  of  Orion  Lodge,  717,  F.  &  A.  M.  In  1876 
he  married  Miss  Mary  H.  Houghton,  of  Brooklyn,  and 
they  have  two  sons  and  one  daughter ;  the  family 
attends  Grace  M.  E.  Church,  in  which  Dr.  Pratt  holds 
the  office  of  trustee. 

One  of  the  oldest  and  most  respected  of  the  long 
established  practitioners  of  the  city  is  Dr.  Stephen 
Chandler  Grigos.  He  comes  of  an  old  family,  dis- 
tinguished through  many  generations  in  the  annals  of 
New  England.  He  was  born  at  Pomfret,  Conn.,  in 
1S19,  and  received  a  liberal  education  at  Brown  Uni- 
versity. For  several  years  he  taught  school  in  Massa- 
chusetts and  subsequently  in  Maryland,  but  turning 
to  the  study  of  medicine,  he  took  his  degree  at  the 

New  York  University  in   1S49  and    in    the   following  wiluam  h.  b.  Pratt,  m.  d. 

year  began  to  practice  in  Danielsonville,  Conn.     L:   1858  he  married  Miss  Harriet  Backus,  of  the  well- 
known  New  England  family  of  that  name,  and  in   i860  settled  in  Brooklyn,  where  he  soon  acquired  an 
extensive  practice  and  became  the  valued  friend  as  well  as  medical  advisor  of  many  of  the  leading  families 
of  the  city.     Always  a  generous  friend  and  helper  to  the  younger  generation  of  physicians,  he  enjoys  the 
esteem  of  all  his  fellows  in  the  Kings  County  Medical  Association,  of  which  he  has  been  a  member  for 
more  than  thirty  years.     His  unfailing  modesty  prevented  him  from  accepting  the  presidency  of  the  asso- 
ciation, which  was  offered  to  him.     At  different  times 
he  has  been  connected  in  an  official  capacity  with  the 
Orphan  Asylum  Society,  the  Home  for  Destitute  Chil- 
dren, and    the  Central  Dispensary  ;  he  is  at  present 
consulting  physician  in  the  Bedford   Dispensary.  Dr. 
Griggs    is    not   a   specialist,   but   his  most  extensive 
experience  has  been  in  the  obstetrical  branch  of  medi- 
cal science,  in  which  he  is  recognized  as  one  of  the. 
most  competent  authorities.     He  has  an  intense  and 
genuine  love  of  nature  and  his  close  personal  obscr- 
vatit)n  has  given  him  a  minute  knowledge  of  the  habits 
of  birds  and  the  peculiarities  of  flowers.  His  earlyfond- 
ness  for  hunting  and  llshing  has  never  deserted  him  and 
his  aim  is  still  as  steady  and  his  skill  as  great  as  among 
his  native  hills  of  New  England  half  a  century  ago. 

'Phe  "president  of  the  Brooklyn  Surgical  Society 
for  1891-92,  Hi'.NRY  ^V.  Rand,  M.  D.,  is  a  physician 
who  has  won  distinguished  consideration  from  the 
citizens  of  Brooklyn,  as  well  as  from  his  colleagues  in 
the  medical  profession.  He  is  clinical  professor  of 
genito-urinary  diseases  m  the  Long  Island  College 
Hospital,  a'ld  is  lecturer  on  surgery  in  the  reading 
term.  Pie  was  born  in  Nova  Scotia  in  185 1,  and  gradu- 
ated at  Acadia  University  in  1873,  receiving  subse- 
quently the  degree  of  i\Lister  of  Arts.  After  graduation 
he  studied  in  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College  and 
took  his  degree  as  Doctor  of  Medicine  in  1877,  obtaining 


Henry  W.  Rand,  M.  D. 


HOSPITALS,  DISPENSARIES   AND    PHYSICIANS. 


697 


Prank  E.  West,  M.  D. 


a  prize  for  his  final  examination  in  obstetrics.  He 
was  tlie  same  year  appointed  resident  physician  and 
surgeon  in  the  Brooklyn  Hospital,  after  which  he  was 
appointed  attending  surgeon  to  the  Brooklyn  Ortho- 
pedic Infirmary,  filling  the  latter  position  four  years. 
For  several  years  he  was  visiting  physician  to  the  Home 
for  Destitute  Women  and  Children,  on  Concord  street, 
and  had  charge  of  the  department  of -diseases  of 
women  at  the  Atlantic  Avenue  Dispensary.  During 
this  period  he  was  also  surgeon-in-ordinary  at  the  Long 
Island  College  Hospital  dispensary.  In  1884  he  was 
appointed  attending  surgeon  to  the  Long  Island  Col- 
lege Hospital  and  in  1890  to  St.  John's  Hospital,  and 
he  is  filling  both  positions  at  the  present  time.  He 
has  contributed  a  number  of  articles  to  medical  jour- 
nals, mostly  on  surgical  topics.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Kings  County  Medical  Society,  Brooklyn  Surgical  ^ 

Society,  Brooklyn  Pathological  Society  and  Physicians' 
Mutual  Aid  Association. 

Frank  Eliot  West,  M.  D.,  professor  of  materia 
medica,  therapeutics,  and  clinical  medicine,  in  the 
Long  Island  College  Hospital,  was  an  active  agent  for 
the  relief  of  suffering  in  Brooklyn's  greatest  tragedy, 
the  burning  of  the  Brooklyn  Theatre  in  December, 
1876.  As  the  surgeon  attached  to  the  ambulance  from 
the  Long  Island  College  Hospital,  he  was  called  to 
the  scene  of  the  calamity  while  the.  living  were  yet  entombed  within  the  smoking  walls.  During  the  awful 
scenes  which  ensued  his  efficient  service,  his  energy  and  devotion  won  him  a  reputation  and  a  grateful 
recognition  in  the  memory  of  the  people.  He  was  born  in  Pittsfield,  Mass.,  in  1851,  and  obtained  the  degree 
of  Master  of  Arts  from  Williams  College  in  1872.  His  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine  was  conferred  by  the 
Long  Island  College  Hospital  in  1876  ;  and  until  187S,  when  he  finally  settled  in  Brooklyn,  he  acted  as 
interne  in  that  institution.     Although  making  a  specialty  of  diseases  of  the  chest,  his  general  practice  has 

embraced  every  department  of  his  profession,  and 
success  has  attended  his  efforts.  He  was  made  a  mem- 
ber of  the  faculty  of  the  Long  Island  College  Hospital 
in  1886,  but  he  had  been  teaching  since  1881.  His 
lectures  were  principally  on  physical  diagnosis,  and 
diseases  of  the  kidneys,  heart  and  lungs.  As  physician 
to  the  Brooklyn  Throat  Hospital  and  the  Long  Island 
College  Hospital  he  is  constantly  e.xtending  the  scope 
of  his  usefulness.  He  was  president  of  the  Kings 
County  Medical  Society  in  1891,  and  is  now  one  of  its 
trustees.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Physicians'  Mutual 
Aid  Society,  the  New  York  State  Medical  Society,  the 
New  York  Academy  of  Medicine,  and  of  the  Hamilton 
and  Cermania  clubs  of  Brooklyn,  and  the  Alpha  Delta 
Phi  Club,  of  New  York. 

John  C.  Sh.\w,  M.  D.,  is  the  professor  of  mental 
and  nervous  diseases  and  the  consulting  physician  on 
the  same  specialties  at  the  Long  Island  College  Hos- 
pital. He  was  born  in  the  island  of  Jamaica,  West 
Indies,  in  1845.  Lie  came  to  the  LTnitcd  States  for  the 
purpose  of  studying  medicine,  and  attended  lectures 
at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  New 
York,  receiving  his  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine  in 
1862.  For  a  time  he  continued  to  combine  the  study 
and  practice  of  medicine  after  the  manner  of  young 
physicians,  but  in  1878  he  became  superintendent  of 
ToHN  c.  Shaw,  M.  D.  the   Kings  County  Insane   Asylum.     After   resigning 


^ir 


698 


THE    EAGLE   AND    BROOKLYN. 


Charlks  L.  Donnell,  M.  D. 


that  post  he  was  appointed  to  fill  various  other  import- 
ant positions,  until  he  formed  his  present  connection 
with  the  Long  Island  College  Hospital.  He  is  the 
consulting  physician  on  nervous  diseases  at  St.  Catha- 
rine's Hospital  and  in  several  sanitariums  which  make 
the  treatment  of  these  disorders  a  specialty.  He  is 
the  author  of  a  number  of  papers  on  various  branches 
of  this  subject,  and  of  a  te.xt-book  on  the  "Essentials 
of  Nervous  Diseases  and  Lisanity." 

Among  the  homceopathists  in  Brooklyn  who  have 
commanded  success  and  distinction  is  Charles  L. 
BoNNF.i.i,,  A.  M.,  M.  D.  Born  in  Brooklyn  in  1846, 
he  was  graduated  at  the  Wesleyan  University  in  1868 
and  received  the  degree  of  A.  M.  from  his  alma  mater 
in  1S71.  He  was  graduated  in  the  spring  of  that  year 
from  the  Hahnemann  Medical  College  of  Philadcliihia, 
after  two  years'  preliminary  study  in  the  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York,  and  settled  to 
practice  in  Brooklyn  in  1872.  He  has  been  president 
of  the  Kings  County  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society 
two  terms  and  for  five  years  chief  of  staff  in  the  Homoa- 
opathic  Hospital,  to  which  he  is  visiting  surgeon.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  New  York  State  Homoeopathic 
Medical  Society,  has  been  a  director  eight  years  of 
the  Brooklyn  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  and 
is  a  member  of  the  Montauk  Club.  He  is  prominently 
connected  with  the  Hanson  l^lace  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  has  been  secretary  of  its  board  of  trustees 
eighteen  years.  He  was  si.x  years  on  the  staff  of  the  ISrooklyn  Maternity  and  has  been  a  lecturer  to  the  training 
school  for  nurses  both  in  that  institution  and  the  Homoeopathic  Hospital.  He  is  ecjually  well  known  in  social 
and  in  professional  circles.  On  both  sides  his  family  has  long  been  identified  with  Brooklyn.  His  father, 
Nathaniel  Bonnell,  who  died  in  1873,  was  an  '^^'^  Brooklynite  and  his  mother's  father,  the  distinguished  Shepard 
Lewis,  dated  his  connection  with  Brooklyn  back  almost  to  the  revolutionary  days  when  it  was  a  village. 

A  high  rank  among  general  practitioners  is  held 
by  Julio  J.  La^liurid,  M.D  ,who  has  been  established    ■  ™,^,,.„..,_^.^^,;__„^ 

in  Brooklyn  a  score  of  years.  He  was  born  in  Barran- 
quilla.  United  States  of  Colombia,  on  April  14,  184S, 
and  is  a  grandson  of  the  late  Bishop  Antonio  Lama- 
drid.  He  was  educated  at  the  CoUegio  de  Lavalle  y 
Pombo  in  the  town  of  Carthagena.  Coming  to  New 
York  in  1866  he  studied  at  the  Manhattanville  College 
and  later  at  the  New  York  University.  He  was  gradu- 
ated from  the  medical  college  of  the  LTniversity  of 
Pennsylvania  in  1871,  and  established  himself  in  medi- 
cal practice  in  Middletown,  Orange  County,  N.  Y., 
where  he  remained  two  years;  at  the  end  of  that  time 
he  moved  to  Brooklyn  and  opened  an  office  at  412 
Greene  avenue.  He  has  remained  there  ever  since, 
and  has  built  up  a  large  practice.  Among  many  valu- 
able papers  which  he  has  written  in  connection  with 
his  profession  are:  "  Railroad  Fractures,  Amputation," 
and  "  On  Fistulous  Opening  over  the  Sacrum,  contain- 
ing Llair,"  both  published  in  the  Philadelphia  Alcdical 
Times  in  1873;  "  'Phe  Lifluence  on  the  Lifant  of  aMedi- 
cmes,  Particularly  Narcotics,  Administered  to  the 
Mother  during  Pregnancy  and  I^abijr,"  American  Jour- 
nal of  Obstetrics  and  Diseases  of  Children  [1877  J;  "A 
Supposed  Case  of  Melancholia,"  read  before  the  Medi- 
cal Society  of  the  County  of  Kings  and  published  in  the 
"Proceedings"   of   that   year;   "  .V  Case  of  l^ierperal  Julio  j.  Lamadrid,  M.  D. 


HOSPITALS,   DISPENSARIES   AND    PHYSICIANS.  699 

Convulsions  in  Eighth  Month  of  Utero-gestation  before  and  after  Delivery,  Successfully  Treated  by  Chloro- 
form and  the  Induction  of  Premature  Labor,  with  Remarks  on  the  Treatment,"  American  Journal  of 
Obstetrics  and  Diseases  of  Children,  1878;  "A  Case  of  Opium  Poisoning  treated  by  large  doses  of  Atropia 
hypodermically;  Recovery,"  Philadelphia  J/<?(?iVa/  Times,  1878;  "  Pruritus  Hiemalis,"  and  "  Camphor  Poison- 
ing, followed  by  Symptoms  of  Acute  Gastritis;  Recovery,"  both  published  in  the  same  journal  in  1879;  "A 
Case  of  Labor  complicated  by  a  Narrow  Pelvis  and  Prolapse  of  the  Cord,"  "Craniotomy,  with  remarks," 
proceedings  of  the  Medical  Society  of  the  County  of  Kings,  1S80;  "Treatment  of  Post-partum  Hemor- 
rhage," same  journal,  1881. 

A.  Wilbur  Jackson,  M.  D.,  is  a  native  of  New  York,  in  which  city  he  was  born  in  1848.  His  early 
education  was  obtained  at  the  Polytechnic  Institute  of  this  city,  whence  he  went  to  Yale  College.  In  1867 
he  received  his  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine  from  the  Berkshire  Medical  College,  in  Pittsfield,  Mass.,  and 


A.  Wilbur  Jackson,  M.  D. 


at  once  became  a  special  practitioner  in  Brooklyn.  He  has  made  a  special  study  of  mental  and  nervous 
diseases  and  electro-therapeutics,  and  has  largely  treated  "  morphinomania  "  and  chronic  alcoholism,  both 
in  this  country  and  Europe.  In  Paris  he  acted  as  the  colleague  of  Dr.  Oscar  Jennings.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Electro-Therapeutic  Society  of  Paris,  and  a  fellow  of  the  Scientific  Society  of  London.  He  is  the  author  of 
many  medical  works  and  pamphlets,  and  has  invented  several  medical  instruments  greatly  admired  by  pro- 
fessional men.  He  was  at  one  time  head  of  a  hospital  in  this  city,  devoted  to  the  treatment  of  diseases 
induced  by  excessive  indulgence  in  morphine  or  alcohol.  He  removed  to  New  York  in  1S92,  and  is  at 
present  an  examiner  for  the  New  York  state  commission  in  lunacy. 

George  McNaughton,  M.  D.,  is  a  Scotchman  by  ancestry  and  a  New  Yorker  by  birth.  His  academic 
education  was  received  in  Monroe  County,  N.  Y.,  where  he  lived  from  the  time  of  his  birth,  in  1856, 
until  his  removal  to  New  York  to  attend  the  lectures  at  Bellevue  Hospital,  from  which  institution  he  was 
graduated  in  .878.  After  a  hospital  course  of  one  year  in  Jersey  City  he  settled  in  Brooklyn  m  18S..  He 
was  the  first  man  appointed  under  the  civil  service  rule  as  assistant  sanitary  inspector  to  the  board  of 
health,  a  capacity  in  which  he  served  four  years.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Kings  County  Medical  Soae  y^th 
Brooklyn   Gynecological  Society  and  the   New  York    Academy  of  Medicine,  and   ,s  a  delegate  to  the  New 


700 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


George  McNaughton,  M,  D. 


York  State  Society.  He  is  the  assistant  gynecologist 
at  tlie  Long  Island  College  Hospital  and  was  formerly 
connected  with  the  Brooklyn  Central  Dispensary  and 
the  Long  Island  College  Hospital  Dispensary,  in  the 
latter  of  which  he  has  charge  of  the  department  of  dis- 
eases of  women.  In  his  practice  he  makes  a  specialty 
of  gynecology.  He  has  contributed  a  number  of  valu- 
able papers  to  various  medical  journals,  among  which 
have  been  noticeable  those  on  "  Extra  Peritoneal  Hfem- 
atocele,"  on  "  Primary  Cancer  of  the  Pancreas,"  and 
"Separation  of  the  Synphyses  Pubis  during  Labor." 
Dr.  McNaughton  demonstrated  for  the  first  time  in 
Brooklyn  O'Dwyer's  method  of  intubing  the  larnyx. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Practitioners,  the  Brooklyn, 
Oxford,  Crescent  and  Aurora  Grata  clubs. 

Wii.i-iAM  Morris  Butlf.r,  M.  D.,  specialist  on  ner- 
vous diseases,  has  done  much  to  advance  the  cause  of 
homoeopathy  in  l^rooklyn.  As  an  author  of  many  pam- 
phlets presenting  the  claims  of  homoeopathy,  and  on 
the  treatment  of  nervous  diseases  and  on  the  care  of 
the  insane,  he  has  often  attracted  public  attention  since 
he  settled  in  Brooklyn  in  1883  ;  and  his  brother  physi- 
cians recognized  his  abilities  in  January,  1892,  by  elect- 
ing him  president  of  the  Is.ings  County  Homoeopathic 
Society  and  by  sending  him  as  one  of  the  fourteen 
candidates  from  whom  were  to  be  chosen  seven  to  rep- 
resent the  homoeopaths  on  the  state  board  of  medicine.  He  was  born  in  Maine,  N.  Y.,  in  1850,  and  was 
educated  at  Cortland  Academy  and  Hamilton  College,  receiving  his  degree  from  the  New  York  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  and  from  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy  and  Hahnemann.  He  settled 
in  Brooklyn  in  1883.  Prior  to  that  time  he  had  been  connected  with  the  State  Homoeopathic  Hospital 
for  the  insane  at  Middletown  for  nine  years  ;  he  received  its  first  patient.  During  his  terra  of  service 
he  was  given  one  year's  leave  of  absence  to  study  abroad.  He  passed  the  winter  of  1877-8  attending  lectures 
in  the  School  of  Medicine  of  Paris  and  taking  a  special 

course  of  lectures  under  Dr.  Charcot  and  private  clini-  .v.,-.    -     :  -    xi^'st;-    ;-. 

cal  instruction  in  La  Salle  Detoriese,  the  great  nervous 

disease  hospital  of  France  in  which  4,000  women  are  .      - 

confined.  He  is  the  visiting  physician  having  charge 
of  nervous  diseases  in  the  Brooklyn  Homoeopathic 
Hospital,  consulting  physician  in  the  Brooklyn  Me- 
morial Hospital  and  lecturer  in  the  Training  School  for 
Nurses.  He  is  a  member  of  the  American  Institute  of 
Homoeopathy,  the  International  Hahnemannian  Asso- 
ciation, and  the  New  York  State  Homoeopathic  So- 
ciety. His  treatise  on  "  Home  Care  of  the  Insane"  is 
considered  one  of  the  most  valuable  of  his  contro- 
versial papers. 

Glentwokth  Reid  Butler,  M.  I).,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia  in  1854  and  came  with  his  parents  to 
Brooklyn  when  eleven  years  old.  He  is  the  son  of  the 
Rev.  J.  Glentworth  Butler,  D.  D.  After  preliminary 
preparation  at  Professor  I)avids(jn's  Academy  he  en- 
tered Hamilton  College,  from  which  he  was  graduated 
in  1877.  Three  years  later  he  was  made  a  doctor  of 
medicine  by  the  Long  Island  Cdllege  H(jspital  and 
served  as  interne  in  that  institution  one  year.  This 
position  he  resigned  to  become  a  visiting  physician  at 
St.  Mary's  Hospital  in  cliarge  of  the  department  of 
diseases  of  the  chest.  He  discharged  the  functions  of 
this  office  during  the  period  from  1882  to  1891,  acting  William  m.  butler,  m.  d, 


HOSPITALS,  DISPENSARIES  AND    PHYSICIANS. 


701 


also  through  two  years  of  this  time  as  visiting  phy- 
sician for  the  Hospital  for  Mental  and  Nervous  Dis- 
eases. He  was  for  five  years  the  president  of  the  staff 
of  the  Atlantic  Avenue  Dispensary  and  for  two  years 
was  adjunct  physician  at  St.  John's  Hospital.  He  was 
the  first  assistant  at  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Hospital, 
with  which  he  has  been  connected  since  its  inaugur- 
ation and  since  February,  i8gi,  has  been  attending 
physician.  He  is  also  the  physician  to  the  Training 
School  for  Nurses,  and  is  one  of  the  lecturers  in  the 
course  of  instruction  there.  He  has  published  a  text- 
book entitled  "  Emergency  Notes,"  besides  various 
articles  in  the  New  York  Medical  Journal,  the  Brooklyn 
Medical  Journal  and  elsewhere.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Medical  Society  of  the  County  of  Kings,  of  which 
he  is  the  censor  and  assistant  secretary ;  he  is  also  a 
member  of  the  Gynecological  Society,  the  Pathological 
Society,  the  Climatological  Society  and  a  delegate  to 
the  State  Medical  Society, 

Born  in  Ohio,  of  directly  American,  but  remotely 
Scotch  ancestry,  John  A.  McCorkle,  M.  I).,  received 
his  degree  in  medicine  from  the  University  of  Michigan 
in  1873,  taking  a  second  degree  at  the  Long  Island  Col- 
lege Hospital  in  the  same  year  and  settling  in  Brook- 
lyn in  the  year  of  his  graduation.    He  had  obtained 

John  A.  McCORKLE,  M.  D.  ,.  ...  ■    ^    n      .^       r   ^      ■     ■         •      TT-  /-^    II 

his  prehminary  mtellectual  training  in  Hiram  College, 
at  that  time  under  the  direction  of  the  late  President  Garfield.     In   1874  he  was  appointed  lecturer  on 
chemistry  at  the  Long  Island  College  Hospital,  and  shortly  after  acted  as  chemist  to  the  Brooklyn  board, 
of  health,  establishing  the  present  excellent  chemical  laboratory  in  connection  with  this  department  of  the 
city  government.     He  resigned  this  position  only  in  deference  to  the  claims  of  his  general  practice.     In 
1880  he  received  the  appointment  of  professor  of  materia  medica  and  therapeutics  at  the  Long  Island 
College  Hospital,  holding  this  position  until  1886,  when  he  was  appointed  to  the  chair  of  theory  and  practice 
of  medicine  and  clinical  medicine,  made  vacant  by  the 
death  of  the  late  Professor  Samuel  G.  Armour,  M.  D.,         - 
LL.  D.     Since  1881  he  has  also  held  the  position  of 
vis. ting  physician  to  the  hospital.     He  is  a  member  of  . 

Kings  County  Medical  Society,  of  which  he  was  presi- 
dent two  terms.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Kings 
County  Pathological  Society,  the  New  York  Academy 
of  Medicine,  the  Hamilton,  Crescent  and  Excelsior 
clubs.  He  has  made  a  number  of  contributions  to 
medical  literature  on  the  subjects  of  therapeutics  and 
general  medicine,  but  has  more  especially  devoted  him- 
self to  didactic  and  clinical  teaching  in  the  institution 
with  which  he  has  been  connected  during  the  whole 
of  his  professional  career. 

The  name  of  Elias  Hudson  Bartley,  M.  D.,  has 
been  familiar  to  Brooklynites  for  half  a  decade.  As 
chief  chemist  of  the  health  department,  he  made  dur- 
ing his  six  years'  term  analyses  of  Brooklyn's  wells 
that  were  read  all  over  the  world  ;  and  his  reports  on 
food  supplies  were  topics  of  periodical  interest  and  dis- 
cussion. He  is  professor  of  chemistry  and  toxicology 
and  lecturer  on  diseases  of  children  in  the  I, ong  Island 
College  Hospital  and  attending  physician  at  the  Shel- 
tering Arms  Nursery.  Born  in  Bartleyville,  N.  J,,  he 
was  graduated   from  Cornell  University  in   1873  with 

the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science,  and  was  appointed         

instructor  in  analytical  chemistry  at  his  alma  mater 


EUAS  H.  Bartley,  M.  D. 


702 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 


William  Browning,  M.  D. 


in  1S74.  His  chemical  investigations  led  him  to  study 
medicine.  He  resigned  a  lucrative  professorship  in 
Strathmore  College  and  began  his  studies  in  Philadel- 
phia. After  one  year  there  he  entered  the  Long  Island 
College  Hospital  and  settled  in  Brooklyn  as  a  practising 
physician.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Medical  Society  of 
the  County  of  Kings,  the  Brooklyn  Pathological  Society, 
the  American  Chemical  Society,  the  American  Associ- 
ation for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  the  American 
Public  Health  Association  and  the  Kings  County  Board 
of  Pharmacy.  His  work,  "  Elements  of  Medical  Chem- 
istry," is  a  standard  te.xt  book.  The  annual  reports  of 
the  health  department  from  18S4  to  1889  furnish  other 
evidences  of  his  erudition. 

One  of  the  physicians  in  Brooklyn  to  whom  the 
profession  is  indebted  for  the  infusion  in  current  prac- 
tice of  some  of  the  best  influences  of  the  German  School 
is  WiLi.iAM  Browning,  M.  D.  He  was  born  in  Brook- 
lyn and  was  graduated  from  the  Sheffield  Scientific 
School  of  Yale  College  in  1876,  and  in  18S1  from  the 
University  of  Leipsic,  from  which  he  received  the  de- 
gree of  Doctor  of  Medicine.  Returning  to  New  York 
in  the  same  year  he  at  once  received  the  appointment 
of  house  physician  at  the  German  Hospital,  and  estab- 
lished himself  in  Brooklyn  in  the  following  year.  Since 
1883  he  has  been  neurologist  to  the  Long  Island  Hos- 
pital Dispensary,  and  since  1887  he  has  acted  as  lecturer  on  anatomy  and  physiology  of  the  nervous  system 
at  the  Long  Island  College  Hospital.  He  is  a  member  of  the  editorial  staffs  of  the  Annals  of  Surgery  and 
the  Brooklyn  Medical  Journal,  and  a  member  of  the  Brooklyn  Society  for  Neurology,  the  Association  of 
American  Anatomists,  and  the  American  Neurological  Association.  His  contributions  to  medical  literature 
have  been  many  and  have  attracted  wide  attention. 

Henry  Bullwinkle,  M.D.,  superintendent  of  the  Hospital  for  Contagious  Diseases,  is  widely  known  in 

Brooklyn,  and  his  professional  ability  and  social  qual- 
ities have  made  him  popular.  His  father  and  mother 
left  Hanover,  Germany,  in  1848,  and  on  coming  to 
America  settled  in  Brooklyn,  where  Dr.  Bullwinkle 
was  born  on  September  24,  1865.  Having  studied  at 
public  school  No.  3  and  St.  Luke's  Academy,  he  be- 
came a  student  with  Dr.  Pennoyer,  who  prepared  him 
for  a  course  of  study  at  the  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical 
College.  He  was  graduated  in  1888,  and  he  secured 
practical  e.^perience  in  surgery  in  the  surgical  depart- 
ment of  the  Ninety-ninth  street  Reception  Hospital  in 
New  York  and  then  in  St.  Catharine's  Hospital,  Brook- 
lyn. During  this  period  he  was  appointed  a  food 
inspector  in  the  department  of  health,  and  held  the 
position  until  he  was  appointed  superintendent  of  the 
Hospital  for  Contagious  Diseases  in  iSgi.  He  is  an 
earnest,  studious  physician,  and  brmgs  to  bear  upon 
his  work  a  combination  of  knowledge,  skill  and  keen 
observation  that  promises  to  have  a  marked  influence 
in  developing  that  branch  of  medical  science  which 
deals  with  contagious  diseases,  although  it  is  his  ulti- 
mate aim  to  engage  in  general  practice.  He  is  coura- 
geous and  indefatigable,  and  shrinks  from  no  responsi- 
bility. An  adventure  which  he  had  on  April  10,  1892, 
was  an  illustration  of  the  man's  indomitable  will,  for 
he  took  a  young  small-pox  patient  from  a  house  in 
lower  Sackett  street  at  the  peril  of  his  own  life.    The 


Henry  Bullwinkle,  M,  D. 


HOSPITALS,  DISPENSARIES  AND   PHYSICIANS. 


703 


Joshua  M.  Van  Cott,  Jr.,  M.  D. 


patient  was  a  boy  whose  father  objected  to  his  being 
taken  from  their  home,  which  was  in  a  crowded  tene- 
ment building,  and  sent  two  pistol  balls  whizzing  past 
the  doctor's  ears  when  the  removal  was  begun.  The 
boy's  life  was  saved  by  skillful  treatment,  and  the 
father  thanked  the  man  he  had  tried  to  kill.  Dr.  Bull- 
winkle  is  a  firm  believer  in  the  Democratic  party,  but 
is  prevented  by  his  position  from  taking  an  active  part 
in  politics.  He  married  on  June  8,  1892,  Miss  Rost,  of 
Brooklyn. 

Joshua  Marsden  Van  Cott,  Jr.,  M  D.,  son  of 
the  Hon.  J.  M.  Van  Cott,  was  born  in  the  city  of  New 
York  in  i86i,and  his  residence  in  Brooklyn  began  one 
year  later.  His  primary  education  was  acquired  at  the 
Brooklyn  Collegiate  and  Polytechnic  Institute,  and  he 
afterward  obtained  a  thorough  business  education  in 
Wall  street,  with  the  banking  firm  of  Blake  Bros.  &  Co. 
In  1882  he  commenced  the  study  of  medicine,  which 
had  been  always  a  fixed  purpose  with  him,  matricu- 
lating at  the  Long  Island  College  Hospital.  In  1885 
he  was  graduated,  and  received  appointment  as  interne 
on  the  house  staff  of  the  hospital,  serving  there  si.Kteen 
months.    Leaving  the  hospital  in  the  summer  of  1886  -ij 

he  was  appointed  to  the  department  of  histology  and  ;, 

pathological  anatomy  in  the  Long  Island  College  Hos- 
pital as  adjunct  to  the  chair  and  also  a  physician-in- 
ordinary  to  the  out-patient  department,  holding  there  the  chair  of  diseases  of  children.  In  the  fall  of  1888 
he  went  to  Berlin,  Germany,  spending  si.x  months  with  Professor  Koch  in  the  study  of  bacteriology,  and 
three  months  in  the  study  of  general  pathology  with  Professor  Rudolph  Virchow,  at  the  Pathological  Insti- 
tute of  the  Berlin  University.  He  visited  all  the  important  hospitals  and  laboratories  in  Germany,  Austria, 
the  Pasteur  Institute  in  Paris,  and  some  of  the  medical  institutes  in  London,  returning  home  ate  in  the 
summer  of  1889.     He  was  then  appointed  a  surgeon-in-ordinary  to  the  out-patient  department  at  the  Long 

Island  College    Hospital,  pathologist  to  the  hospital 
■    ■•  and  adjunct  professor  of  pathology.    When  tht  Broo/i- 

.ii- ,  ■ .  ■      '  fyn    Medical  Journal  was    founded   he  accepted    the 

^^Bp  charge  of  the  department  of  pathology  under  the  gen- 

eral head  of  "  Progress  in  Medicine,"  a  function  which 
he  still  performs.  In  1891  Professor  Frank  Ferguson 
resigned  the  chair  of  pathology  at  the  college  and  Dr. 
Van  Cott  was  appointed  his  successor.  In  the  same 
year,  it  being  deemed  advisable  by  the  regents  to  send 
to  Berlin  for  the  Koch  lymph.  Professor  Van  Cott  was 
chosen  to  fulfill  this  mission,  which  was  accomplished 
between  January  19  and  February  17,  1891.  Dr.  Van 
Cott  is  director  of  the  department  of  pathology  at  the 
Hoagland  Laboratory  ;  he  is  a  member  of  the  Kings 
County  Medical  Society,  New  York  Pathological  Soci- 
ety, pathologist  to  the  Brooklyn  Ciynecological  Society 
and  president  of  the  Brooklyn  Pathological  Society. 
'  He  is  a  member  of  Dr.  Storrs'  church,  and  maintains 
his  social  relations  as  a  member  of  the  Hamilton  and 
Crescent  y\thletic  clubs. 

George  Smith,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  Milton,  Ulster 
County,  N.  Y.,  on  November  12,  1843,  and  inherited  a 
splendid  physique  and  a  perfect  constitution.  Having 
laitl  the  foundations  of  a  broad  culture  by  study  at  the 
academies  of  his  native  town,  he  entered  upon  the  study 
of  medicine  with  a  zest  and  enthusiasm  born  of  keen 
George  Smith,  m.  d.  love  for  his  work.    Circumstances  forced  him  to  earn 


7°4 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


the  money  to  pay  for  his  medical  education  and  he 
cheerfully  accepted  the  conditions.  He  was  graduated 
at  the  New  York  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  in 
i86g,  with  an  excellent  record,  and  started  immedi- 
ately to  build  up  a  practice.  He  is  a  typical  family 
doctor  of  the  old  type.  He  has  never  been  a  specialist, 
written  text-books  nor  attached  himself  to  exacting 
hospital  work.  He  has  just  visited  the  sick,  year  in 
and  year  out,  day  after  day  without  easing  the  strain, 
and  night  after  night. without  seeking  his  bed.  He  has 
never  spared  himself.  This  industry  was  prodigious 
and  his  practice  grew  apace  with  resultant  growth  of 
his  wealth  and  reputation.  What  spare  time  he  found 
he  gave  to  his  family  and  now  and  then  to  a  day  in 
the  woods  with  a  gun  and  a  dog.  His  family  and  pro- 
fessional necessities  demand  two  houses,  his  residence 
being  in  the  large  brownstone  house  on  the  corner  of 
Greene  and  Reid  avenues,  and  his  offices  occupying 
the  adjoining  residence. 

Reuben  Jefferv,  M.  E.,  M.  D.,  is  a  Brooklyn  phy- 
sician whose  great-grandfather  and  grandfather  were 
physicians  of  marked  ability  and  ranked  among  the 
foremost  medical  men  of  their  day.  His  father,  the 
late  Rev.  Reuben  Jeffery,  D.  D.,  was  the  first  pastor  of 
the  iVlarcy  Avenue  Baptist  Church  and  by  his  elo- 
reube.n  jEFFERi,     .    .  qucuce  aud  persoual  quallties  was  cnablcd  to  bulld  Up 

the  largest  congregation  and  Sunday-school  of  that  denomination  in  Brookl3'n.     Dr.  Reuben  Jeffery  is  one 

of  the  younger  physicians  of  the  city.     He  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  on  October  14,  i860.    He  had  the 

educational  advantages  of  the  Adelphi  Academy  of  Brooklyn,  Colgate  University,  Columbia  College  School 

of  Mines,  the  University  of  Colorado  and  the  Long  Island  College  Hospital.    The  University  of  Colorado 

conferred  on  him  the  degree  of  Mining  Engineer  in  1881  and  the  Long  Island  College  Hospital  the  degree 

of  Doctor  of  Medicine  in  1885.     After  receiving  the  engineer's  degree  he  traveled  extensively  through  the 

west,  covering  many  thousand  miles  in  the  saddle.   In 

all  his  journeyings  he  has  been  on  the  lookout  for  rare 

medical  books  and  curios,  thus  laying  the  foundations 

of  a  collection    that  will  in  a  few  years  be  of  great 

value  to  the  medical    profession.     In  June,   1889,  he 

founded  the  Brooklyn  Throat  Hospital,  enlisting  the 

enthusiastic  cooperation  of  many  prominent  citizens 

and  physicians.     He  has  been  secretary  and  treasurer 

of  the  alumni  association  of  the  Long  Island  College 

Hospital  for  several  y;ars.     Until  recently  he  was  a 

member  of  the  faculty  of  the  Ne\i'  York  Post-Graduate 

Medical  School.    He  is  a  member  of  a  large  number  of 

medical  and  scientific  associations  and  of  the  Hanover 

Club.     He   is  known  as  a   careful  and  conscientious 

physician,  conservative  as  a  surgeon  and  original   in 

his  methods,  and  his  practice  includes  a  large  consult- 
ation business;  he  makes  a  specialty  of  the  diseases  of 

the  }iose,  throat  and  ear,  and  designed  a  laryngologi- 

cal  cabinet  that  is  said  to  be  the  most  complete  in 

the  world.     On  November  23,  1886,  he  married  Miss 

Jeanie  C.  Newton,  daughter  of  the  late  Isaac  S.  New- 
ton, of  Norwich,   N.   Y.     He  has  Dr.  G.  A.  Walther 

associated  with  him  in  his  professional  work. 

In  Charles  M.  Bellows,  M.  I).,  Brooklyn  has  a 

physician  who  has  had  a  comprehensive  experience  in 

all  the  branches  of  his  profession.     He  is  the  eldest 

son  of  Henry  S.  Bellows,  United  States  commissioner,  Charles  M.  Bellows,  m.  d. 


^y,^ '.,;,, 

. 

f  ' 

^^ 

■jj^H^v. 

■ 

RESIDENCE  OF  GEORGE  SMITH,  M.  D.,  GREENE  AND  REID  AVENUES. 


7o6 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


and  a  nephew  of  the  late  Rev.  Henry  W.  Bellows,  D.  D.,  the  Unitarian  minister.  Dr.  Bellows  was  born 
in  Brooklyn  in  1S62.  He  was  graduated  from  the  public  schools  and  later  from  the  Lockwood  Academy. 
The  next  year  he  was  a  student  at  Columbia  College,  from  which  he  retired  with  honors.  He  entered  the 
medical  college  at  Bellevue  Hospital  and  received  his  diploma  in  1883.  He  afterwards  served  as  ambulance 
surgeon  at  Bellevue.  The  succeeding  four  years  he  spent  in  the  office  of  Dr.  J.  R.  Wood  and  assisted  him 
in  some  of  his  most  difficult  operations.  He  also  spent  two  years  as  surgeon  in  the  Charity  Hospital  on 
Blackwell's  Island,  and  one  year  in  the  Maternity  Hospital  in  New  York.  He  devoted  the  same  length  of 
time  to  lecturing  and  practising  in  the  New  York  Dental  College.  He  began  practice  in  Brooklyn  in  1886, 
and  shortly  afterwards  was  appointed  surgeon  to  the  Kings  County  Elevated  Railroad  and  the  North  Second 
Street  Railroad,  both  of  which  positions  he  now  holds.  He  was  also  surgeon  to  the  Nostrand  avenue  and 
Lorim.er  street  railways  prior  to  their  purchase  by  the  Brooklyn  City  Railroad.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Kings  County  Medical  Society.  He  has  had  considerable  experience  in  gynecology  in  the  hospitals,  and 
in  private  practice  he  has  treated  upwards  of  two  thousand  cases.  He  has  also  performed  successfully  several 
operations  in  hysterotomy.  He  is  a  32°  Mason  and  is  a  member  of  the  Aurora  Grata  bodies,  the  Mystic 
Shrine  and  the  Brooklyn  Club. 

DENTAL  SURGERY. 

Modern  methods  are  more  complete  than  those  of  old,  even  though  there  be  some  lost  arts.  Dentistry 
affords  one  of  the  examples.  There  was  a  time  when  the  dentist  knew  no  better  implements  than  the  little 
mallet  and  wedges  with  which  he  clumsily  forced  the  offending  bicuspid  or  molar  out  of  the  troubled  jaw, 
frequently  to  the  damage  of  the  latter.  The  village  barber,  who  also  usurped  the  blood-letting  function  of 
ancient  surgery,  and  even  the  village  carpenter,  were  once  considered  fully  competent  to  act  as  dentists. 
Even  when  science  came  to  the  rescue  of  the  sufferer  who  was  wont  to  bear,  to  the  limit  of  endurance,  the 
evil  of  an  aching  tooth  rather  than  risk  the  possible  evil  of  a  broken  jaw,  it  was  a  long  time  before  dentistry 
became,  as  it  is  to-day,  one  of  the  learned  professions.  Dental  surgery  as  practiced  by  recognized  pro- 
fessors of  the  art  is  a  science  to  which  is  given  the  most  careful  and  systematic  study.  Brooklyn  dentists 
include  many  who  hold  high  rank  among  their  brethren,  and  have  contributed  materially  to  the  fame  of 
American  dentists,  who  throughout  the  world  are  recognized  as  the  most  progressive,  original  and  skillful 
members  of  their  profession. 

Among  the  prominent  dental  surgeons  is  Dr.  Orville  E,  Hill.  He  is  a  native  of  Eastern  Pennsyl- 
vania, but  attended  school  at  Olean  Academy,  Steuben  County,  N.  Y.  Entering  the  profession  of  den- 
tistry in  1855,  he  began  practising  in  the  town  of  Owego,  N.  Y,,  where  he  remained  three  years.     The  next 

two  years  were  spent  in  travel  through  the  southern 
states  and  visits  to  Texas  and  Indian  Territory.  He 
came  to  Brooklyn  in  i860.  He  early  saw  the  import- 
ance of  organization  for  the  development  of  dentistry 
and  personally  visited  every  dentist  in  the  city  in  1862, 
inviting  them  to  meet  at  his  office  to  discuss  the 
feasibility  of  forming  an  association.  The  meeting  was 
held  and  a  society  organized  "  for  the  advancement 
of  its  members  in  dental  science,  the  encouragement 
and  maintenance  of  a  high  order  of  professional  excel- 
lence, the  establishment  of  a  dental  infirmary  and  the 
instruction  of  the  public  in  dental  hygiene."  Since 
1869  this  organization  has  been  known  as  the  Brooklyn 
Dental  Society.  In  1870  the  Dental  Infirmary  was 
established  at  the  junction  of  Fulton  and  Washington 
streets,  it  being  the  first  establishment  of  its  kind  in 
the  country.  Dr.  Hill  was  the  first  president  of  the 
new  institution,  and  to  his  personal  efforts  at  Albany  is 
due  the  appropriation  of  $1,500  per  annum  that  the 
legislature  voted  for  its  support.  Another  of  his  pro- 
gressive moves  was  the  establishment  of  a  dental  jour- 
nal, in  connection  with  nine  of  his  brother  dentists,  in 
1883.  Previous  to  that  there  had  been  no  journal 
published  directly  in  the  interests  of  the  profession  ; 
the  new  publication  was  called  The  Independent  Practi- 
tioner. Dr.  Hill  aided  in  perfecting  and  procuring  the 
passage  of  a  law  by  the  legislature,  in  1868,  for  the 


Dr.  okville  E.  Hill. 


HOSPITALS,    DISPENSARIES    AND    PHYSICIANS. 


707 


Dr.  James  H.  Race. 


purpose  of  incorporating  dental  societies  and  regula- 
ting the  practice  of  dentistry,  which  was  the  first  law 
enacted  in  this  country  upon  that  subject.  By  this  law 
the  state  is  divided  into  eight  districts  for  the  licensing 
of  dentists — Brooklyn  constituting  the  second  district. 
Dr.  Hill  has  been  president  of  the  State  Society,  and  of 
the  Second  District  Society  several  different  times  ;  he 
is  the  present  incumbent  of  the  latter  office.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Crescent  and  the  Hamilton  clubs,  and 
the  Amaranth  Society,  Brooklyn,  and  of  the  Odonto- 
logical  Society  and  the  Twilight  Club,  in  New  York. 

Dr.  James  H.  Race  was  born  in  the  town  of 
Greene,  Chenango  County,  N.  Y.,  in  1840.  He  attended 
the  district  schools  in  the  neighborhood  of  his  home 
for  a  time,  and  then  took  a  course  in  Oxford  Academy, 
from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1858.  After  teaching 
school  a  short  period  he  took  a  course  of  study,  in 
i860  and  1861,  in  the  Pennsylvania  College  of  Den- 
tistry, of  which  he  is  a  graduate.  After  giving  si.x 
months  to  travel  he  came  to  Brooklyn  and  established 
himself  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  366  Clinton 
street,  where  he  still  has  his  office.  He  is  identified 
with  the  District,  Brooklyn  and  State  Dental  associ- 
ations. He  is  on  the  list  of  members  of  both  the 
Crescent  and  Brooklyn  clubs,  and  is  a  director  of  the 
latter.  With  his  family  he  spends  the  summer  months 
in  his  camp,  in  Ontario,  Canada.  He  has  a  retreat  on  Stony  Lake,  with  roomy  and  comfortable  buildings 
for  the  entertainment  of  his  Brooklyn  friends.  The  residence  of  Dr.  Race,  on  Clinton  street,  is  a  commo- 
dious building  of  brick,  three  stories  and  basement  in  height,  trimmed  with  brown  stone,  and  presents  a 
generally  pleasing  exterior  appearance.  The  entire  first  floor  is  devoted  to  the  purposes  of  his  profession. 
The  finishings  and  decorations  of  the  interior  are  elaborate  and  beautiful,  and  the  house  is  luxuriously 
furnished.  In  the  rear  of  the  parlors  are  twin  operating  rooms,  the  walls  and  ceilings  of  which  are  finished 
in  lincrusta  Walton,  with  designs  displaying  elegance  of  workmanship,  intricacy  of  pattern,  and  variety  of 
tone.  The  work  of  fitting  up  this  suite  of  rooms  occupied  about  six  months,  and  was  executed  under  Dr. 
Race's  personal  supervision,  at  the  cost  of  many  thousands  of  dollars. 

Horatio  G.  Mirick,  M.  D.  S.,  the  veteran  dentist  of  Clinton  street,  was  born  in  Worcester,  Mass.,  in 
October,   1832.      His  education  was  obtained  at  Worcester  Academy,  under  the  tutelage  of  Dr.  William 
Newton,  with  whom  he  studied  for  three  years  after  leaving  the  academy. 
In  1852  he  began  to  practice  the  profession  of  dentistry  on  Clinton  street, 
for  one  year  acting  as  assistant  to  Dr.  James  Miller.    In  i860  he  married, 

and  he  has  a  family  consisting  of  a  son  and  daughter.     He  is  treasurer  of  , 

the  Dental  Society  of  the  State  of  New  York  ;  he  was  one  of  the  incorpora- 
tors and  the  first  president  of  the  Brooklyn  Dental  Society  ;  he  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Odontological  Society  of  New  York,  and  of  the  Second  District 
Dental  Society,  of  which  he  was  at  one  time  president,  and  of  the  Hamil- 
ton Club.     In  1892  he  retired  from  active  practice. 

Albert  H.  Brockway,  M.  D.  S.,  was  born  of  New  England  and  Quaker 
stock  in  the  town  of  Bridgewater,  N.  Y.  From  early  youth  he  was  fond 
of  study,  and  finding,  as  he  grew  up,  the  school  privileges  of  his  native 
place  insufficient,  he  left  home  when  a  lad  of  fifteen,  walking  a  distance  of 
seventy  miles,  in  mid-winter,  to  attend  an  excellent  school  at  Summer 
Hill,  N.  Y.  He  subsequently  attended  public  schools  in  Syracuse  and 
Rochester  and  the  Rochester  Collegiate  Institute,  and  finally  was  gradu- 
ated, in  1854,  from  the  Rutgers  College  Grammar  School,  in  New  Bruns- 
wick, N.  J.  He  at  once  entered  upon  the  study  of  his  profession  in  the 
office  of  A.  I).  Newell,  M.  D.,  in  New  Brunswick,  where  he  remained  two  years,  afterwards  continuing  his 
studies  with  Professor  Amos  Westcott,  of  Syracuse,  and  E.  L.  Swartwout,  D.  D.  S.,  of  Utica.  In  1857  he 
became  associated  in  practice  with  Dr.  Rush  McGregor,  of  Rochester,  and  having  remained  with  him  two 
years,  he  moved  to  Chittenango,  N.  Y.,  where  he  lived  until  he  became  a  resident  of  Brooklyn,  in   1862. 


Horatio  G.  Mirick,  M.  D.  S. 


yoS 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


Albert  H.  Brockway,  M.  D.  S. 


He  is  a  member,  and  was  three  terms  president  of  the  Brooklyn  Dental 
Society  ;  he  is  also  a  member  of  the  Second  District  Dental  Society,  the 
New  York  Odontological  Society,  of  which  he  is  vice-president,  the  State 
Dental  Society,  in  which  he  held  office  several  years  as  treasurer,  and  the 
American  Dental  Association.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Ninth  Inter- 
national Medical  Congress.  The  various  social  organizations  of  which  he 
is  a  member  are  the  O.xford  and  Rembrandt  clubs,  of  Brooklyn,  and  the 
Portland  Club,  of  New  York.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Brooklyn  Library 
and  the  Brooklyn  Institute.  He  believes  in  croquet  as  a  scientific  pastime 
and  is  an  enthusiastic  champion  of  the  game  ;  he  was  one  of  the  founders 
and  is  now  a  member  of  the  Brooklyn  Croquet  Association.  His  student 
proclivities  have  rendered  him  familiar  with  a  wide  range  of  literature; 
but  especially  that  of  a  scientific  and  philosophic  character  has  received 
his  attention.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Second  Unitarian  Society. 

WiLLi.Aji  Jarvie,  M.  1).  S.,  was  born 
in  the  city  of  Manchester,  England,  in 
1841,  and  attended  school  there  until  he 

was  fourteen  years  of  age,  when  he  came  to  this  country  with  his  parents. 

They  at  once  settled  in  Brooklyn,  and,  with  the  exception  of  something 

less  than  four  years.  Dr.  Jarvie  has  resided  here  ever  since.    When  fifteen 

years  of  age  he  commenced  to  study  dentistry  with  Dr.  A.  A.  Wheeler  and 

afterwards  he  spent  three  or  four  years  under  the  tuition  of  Dr.  W.  W. 

Codman,  of  Boston.     In  1864  he  returned  to  Brooklyn  and  commenced 

the  practice  of  his  profession,  and  he  succeeded  in  establishing  a  valuable 

practice.     In  18S3  he  erected  the  premises  which  he  occupies  at  Clinton 

and  Joralemon  streets.     He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Brooklyn 

Dental  Association  and  was  afterwards  its  president.     He  was  also  one  of 

the  organizers  and  president  of  the  Second  District  Dental  Association  ; 

president  of  the  New  York  Odontological  Society  in  18S5-6  ;  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  New  York  State  Dental  Society  two  terms  ;  a  member  of  the 

board  of    censors  for  New  York  state 

0    r        ..        1  r    4.U       Ti        11  William  Jarvie,  M.  D.  S. 

Since    1876  ;    trustee  of   the    Brooklyn  ■' 

Homoeopathic  Hospital  ;  vice-president  of  the  Apollo  Club,  and  a  life 
member  of  the  Hamilton  Club.  In  1874  he  received  the  degree  of  Master 
of  Dental  Surgery. 

Fr.ank  Thorne  Van  Woert,  M.  D,  S.,  vice-president  of  the  New 
York  State  Dental  Society,  was  born  in  the  town  of  Half  Moon,  Saratoga 
County,  N.  Y.,  in  1855.  He  was  educated  at  the  Brooklyn  public  schools, 
spent  three  years  at  Wright's  Business  College  and  was  placed,  for  some 
time,  under  the  instruction  of  private  tutors.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he 
was  thrown  upon  his  own  resources  and  became  an  architect  and  mechani- 
cal tlraughtsman,  at  Newark,  N.  J.  This  profession  he  abandoned  within 
five  years  for  the  purpose  of  studying  dentistry  with  Dr.  James  Osmun,  of 
Newark,  in  whose  office  he  remained  for  three  years.  He  began  practice 
in  Brooklyn  in  1878,  having  previously  acquired  a  general  knowledge  of 
medicine  under  private  tuition.  His  first  office  was  in  the  Eastern  Dis- 
trict, to  which  section  of  the  C'ty  his  professional  labors  have  since  been 
confined.  He  is  treasurer  of  the  Second  District  Dental  Society;  for  two 
years  he  was  secretary  of  the  State  Dental  Society;  he  is  a  member  of  the  Odontological  Society  of  New 
York,  the  Masonic  fraternity,  the  Hanover  and  Aurora  Grata  clubs,  the  Amphion  Singing  Society  and  several 
organizations  connected  with  the  Odd  Fellows  and  Freemasons.     He  is  married  and  has  two  children. 


Frank  T.  Van  Woert,  M.  D.  S. 


Board  of  Education  Building,  1850  to  18 
Under  hill  Mansion. 


EDUCATIONAL   INSTITUTIONS. 


DUCATION  in  Brooklyn  has  received  a  degree  of  attention  wliolly 
commensurate  with  the  city's  size  and  importance.  A  pul:)lic  school 
system  was  organized  on  a  broad  and  comprehensive  scale  and  has 
been  steadily  expanded  in  harmony  with  the  advanced  educational 
principles  of  the  day.  There  arc  now  nearly  one  hundred  public 
schools,  affording  advantages  to  about  one  hundred  thousand  pupils  ; 
they  are  supported  by  the  city  at  an  annual  expense,  for  salaries,  sup- 
plies, building  and  repairing,  of  over  two  and  a  half  million  dollars, 
and  the  wise  liberality  of  the  educational  authorities  in  their  compen- 
sation to  teachers  has  attracted  to  the  service  of  the  city  a  corps  of  instructors  unrivaled  in  excellence  and 
efficiency.  The  private  schools  of  the  city  have  a  national  reputation  ;  from  the  ranks  of  their  teachers 
and  pupils,  colleges  have  been  furnished  with  professors  and  presidents  ;  they  have  kept  in  touch  with 
the  times  and  occupy  an  unchallenged  position  among  the  finest  collegiate  institutions  of  the  land. 

The  story  of  the  origin  and  development  of  the  schools  of  this  city  is  thoroughly  unique.  It  is  per- 
haps not  generally  known  that  on  each  recurrence  of  the  Nation's  natal  day  the  school  children  of  Brooklyn 
especially,  and,  indeed,  all  citizens  interested  in  public  education,  have  a  double  anniversary  to  celebrate,  for 
it  was  on  the  fourth  day  of  July  in  1661  that  the  first  free  school  ever  founded  on  the  American  continent 
was  established  in  the  locality  over  which  Brooklyn  City  now  extends.  It  is  true,  a  semi-public  school  was 
established  in  Flatbush  as  early  as  1659.  But  it  was  a  sort  of  a  compromise  between  a  public  and  a  private 
school,  for  while  it  provided  for  the  instruction  of  all  the  children  of  the  village,  the  old  Dutch  settlers  would 
not  accept  education  in  any  form  savoring  of  charity,  and  the  parents  paid  from  three  to  four  guilders  each  for 
the  tuition  of  their  children      It  is  a  fact  most  gratifying  to  a  community  so  largely  descended  from  the 


7IO  THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 

New  Netherland  Dutch,  that  the  American  people  are  indebted  to  the  sturdy  sons  of  Holland  for  the  estab- 
lishment of  free  schools,  a  system  which  their  descendants  have  done  so  much  to  extend  and  develop.  The 
first  school  tax  levied  in  Breuckelen  was  for  the  sum  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  guilders,  or  not  quite  twenty 
dollars  of  our  money.  This  proving  insufficient  for  the  purpose.  Governor  Stuy vesant  subsequently  ordered 
an  appropriation  of  fifty  guilders  from  the  public  treasury.  Under  such  conditions  it  was  that,  one  hundred 
and  fifteen  years  to  a  day  before  the  Declaration  of  Independence  went  ringing  through  the  land,  the  public 
school  idea  first  took  shape  on  the  shores  of  the  new  world.  Ancient  records  fail  to  specify  the  exact 
location  of  the  first  school  house,  but  it  is  believed  to  have  been  organized  in  the  "  Octagon  Church  "  edifice, 
where,  for  a  time  at  least,  the  school  was  held.  This  building  stood  near  the  present  junction  of  Fulton 
and  Bridge  streets,  not  one  hundred  yards  from  the  present  headquarters  of  the  Board  of  Education.  It 
was  doubtless  in  large  measure  due  to  the  energetic  initiative  of  the  first  pastor  of  the  church,  Henricus 
Selyns,  that  the  services  of  Carel  de  Beauvois  (Carl  Debevoise)  were  secured.  He  was  a  French  Huguenot 
but  recently  arrived  from  Holland,  and  a  man  of  much  learning  and  varied  attainments.  His  salary  in  the 
office  of  schoolmaster  was  the  whole  amount  received  for  school  taxes,  in  addition  to  a  house,  rent  free. 
This  first  school  retains  to  this  day  the  numerical  designation  which  historical  justice  demands,  and  is 
known  as  public  school  No.  i  of  Brooklyn.  A  second  school  was  established  in  1662  in  Bushwick,  which 
Peter  Stuyvesant  had  recently  erected  into  a  burgh  or  township.  This  school  was  organized  in  the  Bush- 
wick Church,  near  the  intersection  of  North  Second  street  and  Bushwick  avenue.  Boudwyn  Manout,  from 
Crimpen-op-Lock,  Holland,  was  chosen  master  of  the  new  school.  He  was  also  appointed  clerk  of  the 
bailiwick  ;  and  the  union  of  these  two  offices  was  an  arrangement  which  was  maintained  far  down  into  the 
present  century.  For  the  clerkship  he  received  the  value  of  four  hundred  guilders  in  Indian  wampum, 
while  in  payment  for  teaching  he  was  given  the  munificent  reward  of  "  house-rent  and  fire-wood,  free  of 
cost."  His  duties  were  as  varied  as  those  of  his  brother  drudge  in  Breuckelen,  and  there  was  added  to  them 
perhaps,  that  of  castigating  public  offenders  ;  the  whipping-post  stood  in  front  of  the  school  house,  between 
it  and  the  town  house  opposite.  When,  in  1855,  the  Brooklyn  Board  of  Education  assumed  control  of  the 
free  schools  of  Bushwick  village,  this  old  district  school  house  was  still  standing,  and  near  by  stood  six 
other  houses  whose  foundations  had  been  laid  during  that  same  period.  This  primitive  village  school  No.  i 
of  Bushwick  then  became  No.  23  of  the  present  public  school  system. 

In  1663  Bedford  village  joined  the  educational  procession  with  a  third  school,  located  at  the  junction 
of  the  old  Clove  and  Cripplebush  roads,  near  what  is  now  the  corner  of  Bedford  avenue  and  Fulton  street 
and  there  it  continued  to  flourish  until  1841,  when  the  building  was  given  over  to  the  police  for  a  headquarters. 
The  Bedford  school  was  remarkable  for  the  longevity  of  its  teachers.  John  Vandevoort  presided  over  it 
for  sixty  years,  teaching  three  generations  of  pupils  ;  he  occupied  one-half  of  the  building  as  a  living  apart- 
ment and  was  allowed  to  add  to  his  income  by  selling  groceries.  Tuition  was  given  exclusively  in  the 
Dutch  language  until  1758.  When  the  village  schools  were  united  into  one  common  system  in  1843,  this 
ancient  institution  became  public  school  No.  3.  There  was  another  school  founded  in  those  Dutch  times 
which  is  perpetuated  still,  but  the  history  of  its  origin  is  lost  in  the  dim  past.  This  was  known  as  Bushwick 
district  school  No.  2.  In  1830  the  building  where  it  had  been  held  for  an  indefinite  period  of  years  bore 
evidence  of  great  antiquity  and  all  was  thoroughly  Hollandish  in  character.  It  continued  to  occupy  this 
venerable  structure  until  1047  ;  and  when  Bushwick  was  consolidated  with  Brooklyn,  it  became  public  school 
No.  24.  When  the  English  rule  succeeded  that  of  the  Dutch  in  the  New  Netherlands,  the  old  free  school 
system  was  abolished  and  for  a  century  and  a  half  these  schools  were  supported  solely  by  their  patrons. 
Not  long  before  the  outbreak  of  the  Revolution  another  school  was  established  on  the  north  side  of  the 
Wallabout  Creek.  There  is  evidence  of  its  existence  during  the  Revolution,  but  the  exact  date  of  its  estab- 
lishment cannot  be  ascertained.  It  was  removed  to  Classon  avenue  in  1838  and  subsequently  became  pub- 
lic school  No.  4.  Soon  after  the  Revolution  another  school  was  opened  on  a  lane  of  the  Bergen  farm  near 
the  present  junction  of  Third  avenue  and  Forty-fourth  street.  Documents  show  it  to  have  existed  in  1792. 
In  1820  it  removed  to  Martense  lane  and  in  1843  it  was  made,  in  violation  of  chronological  sequence, 
public  school  No.  2.  In  all  the  ISrooklyn  schools  tuition  was  afforded  in  both  the  Dutch  and  English  lan- 
guages between  the  years  of  1758  and  1800.  The  Dutch  studies  were  not  abandoned  in  the  Bushwick  and 
Gowanus  schools  until  some  years  after;  the  pupils  of  the  Bushwick  school  pursued  them  until  1830 
Each  one  of  them  was  established  in  a  Dutch  neighborhood  and  almost  solely  under  the  influence  of  that 
nationality,  although  record  remains  of  the  establishment  of  a  school  in  half  of  a  one-story  house,  occupied 
by  a  farm  laborer,  about  where  the  old  Gowanus  and  Port  roads  met,  in  the  neighborhood  of  what  is  now 
Fourth  avenue  and  Macomb  street.  At  the  corner  of  Red  Hook  and  Cornell's  lanes  there  was  another 
school  established  during  the  first  quarter  of  the  present  century  ;  the  earliest  records  show  it  in  that  loca- 
tion prior  to  1827  ;  the  site  which  it  now  occupies  as  public  school  No.  6  was  not  far  distant  on  Degraw 
street,  near  Court.  In  1827  it  had  an  attendance  of  sixty  scholars.  These  schools  continued  to  derive 
their  support  from  the  tuiticm  fees  of  their  patrons  for  a  long  period  of  years,  for  although  the  state  legis- 


EDUCATIONAL    INSTITUTIONS. 


711 


lature,  in  1795,  appropriated  $50,000  a  year  for  five  years, 
and,  in  1805,  established  the  common  school  fund,  the 
slow  burghers  of  Brooklyn  neglected  to  take  advantage 
of  their  privileges  until  1813,  when  the  trustees  of  dis- 
trict school  No.  1  were  elected.  The  new  system  did 
not  meet  with  the  sympathy  or  cooperation  of  the 
thrifty  but  sluggish-minded  Dutchmen,  who  for  three 
years  bitterly  opposed  it  and  refused  to  accept  even  the 
benefits  for  which  they  were  taxed.  The  sum  of  $2,000 
was  levied  upon  district  No.  i — which  in  i8i6  included 
the  whole  village — with  which  to  establish  a  school,  and 
notice  was  given  publicly  by  the  trustees  that  on  May 
6  of  that  year  it  would  be  opened  on  the  lower  floor 
of  Kirk's  printing  office  in  Adams  street,  near  Sands. 
There  was  a  stormy  meeting  of  citizens  on  Mays,  when 
the  board  of  trustees,  Andrew  Mercein,  John  Seaman 
and  Robert  Snow,  were  unceremoniously  deposed,  and  a 
new  board  elected.  The  school  was  established  on  the 
day  appointed  ;  and  the  late  Judge  John  Dikeman,  as 
its  principal,  inaugurated  the  present  system  of  public 
education.  At  that  time  there  were  552  children  at- 
tending no  school.  The  tuition  was  conducted  on  the 
monitorial,  or  Lancaster  plan,  and  in  1824  the  school 
had  grown  so  that  200  children  received  free  educa- 
tion. Among  the  honored  names  connected  with  dis- 
trict school  No,  I  are  :  ex-Mayor  John  \V.  Hunter,  one 
of  its  trustees  years  before  the  existence  of  a  board  of 
education,  and  Ephraim  J.  VVhitlock.  Other  school  dis- 
tricts already  mentioned  fell  into  line  in  the  march  of  ^°*''°  °^  education  headquarters,  Livingston  St.  front. 
mental  advancement,  and  took  advantage  of  the  state  law  and  its  appropriations. 

Seven  district  schools  have  been  referred  to,  all  of  which  were  established  prior  to  1842  ;  in  that  year 
an  eighth  was  organized  in  Bushwick  as  district  school  No.  3  of  that  village.  This  became  subsequently 
district  school  No.  i,  of  Williamsburgh,  and  when  it  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  Brooklyn  board  it  re- 
ceived the  number  16  in  our  present  series.  Of  these  eight  schools  mentioned,  it  will  be  seen  that  three, 
namely;  those  now  enumerated  as  16,  23  and  24,  were  beyond  the  restricted  limits  of  the  city  of  Brooklyn 
when,  in  1843,  the  new  board  of  education  entered  upon  its  labors.  There  were  ten  district  schools  within 
the  city  limits  in  1843  and  over  these  ten  the  board  then  assumed  control.  Five  of  these,  numbers  i,  2,  3, 
4  and  6,  have  been  duly  noticed.  The  present  public  school  No.  5  was  doubtless  in  existence  prior  to 
1827,  although  we  find  no  official  record  until  1839.  No.  7  dates  likewise  from  1827.  It  was  then  known 
as  village  school  No.  2,  for  the  village  limits  were  very  restricted  and  included  besides  this  one  only  the 
oldest  school  of  all,  dating  from  1661.  No.  8  was  established  in  1830  on  its  present  site;  and  its  progress 
and  development  were  due  to  the  wise  management  of  Cyrus  P.  Smith.  Some  time  between  1830  and  1836, 
No.  9  was  organized  on  the  ground  which  is  now  included  in  Prospect  Park.  It  formerly  drew  a  large  con- 
tingent from  Flatbush,  but  the  municipal  orders  have  since  been  more  strictly  enforced.  In  the  old  school 
which  shared  a  one-story  tenement  with  a  humble  farm  laborer  in  Gowanus,  we  doubtless  have  the  begin- 
ning of  what  is  now  known  as  public  school  No.  10  ;  documents  place  the  date  of  its  inception  between 
1825  and  1830. 

These  schools  had  been  formed  from  time  to  time  in  accordance  with  the  demands  of  the  villagers  and 
the  increase  of  the  population  ;  each  was  governed  by  its  own  trustees;  and  was  independent  until  the  obvious 
necessity  of  a  system  of  unification  was  perceived  and  the  present  plan  was  devised  and  put  in  operation. 
Accordingly,  in  1843,  the  board  of  education  united  under  its  direction  the  ten  schools  which  fell  within 
the  jurisdiction  of  the  city.  As  has  been  seen,  the  numerical  designation  of  the  schools  accords  only  in  two 
or  three  instances  with  the  actual  chronological  sequence  of  their  establishment,  and,  at  the  time  of  organiza- 
tion, three  old-established  schools  were  excluded  from  the  system  because  of  their  not  being  within  the  city 
limits. 

THE    BOARD    OF     EDUCATION. 

The  formation  of  the  board  of  education  was  authorized  by  an  act  of  the  legislature  in  1843.  The 
appointing  power  was  vested  in  the  common  council,  which  was  directed  to  choose  annually  two  or  more 
citizens  to  represent  each  district,  they,  together  with  the  Mayor  and  a  county  superintendent,  to  form  the 


712 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 


"Board  of  Education  of  the  City  of  Brooklyn,"  Three  representatives  were  chosen  from  most  of  the 
districts,  so  that  when  the  first  board  of  education  held  its  initial  meeting  in  the  common  council  chamber 
in  that  year,  it  consisted  of  twenty-eight  members.  There  the  meetings  were  held  until  it  was  thought 
advisable  to  establish  a  headquarters,  which  was  done  in  the  building  which  a  short  time  before  had  been 
erected  for  public  school  No.  i,  at  Concord  and  Adams  streets.  An  amendment  to  the  law  creating  the 
board  was  passed  in  1S50,  changing  its  composition  somewhat  by  increasing  the  number  of  members  to 
thirty-three,  to  be  so  selected  that  each  should  represent  but  one  district.  About  this  time  the  rapid  in- 
crease in  population  and  necessary  extension  of  schooling  facilities,  so  added  to  the  labors  of  the  board, 
that  a  need  for  larger  and  better  accommodations  became  forcibly  felt.  A  suitable  place  was  found  in  the 
Underbill  mansion,  a  pretentious  frame  structure,  which  stood  in  Red  Hook  lane,  near  Fulton  street.  Into 
this  ancient  building,  which  was  at  first  leased  and  afterwards  purchased,  the  members  moved  with  all  due 
pride  and  pomp  in  1S50.  After  serving  as  a  headquarters  for  over  half  a  century,  this  building  was  torn 
down,  in  1888,  to  make  room  for  the  present  building  occupied  by  the  board.  A  second  and  more  radical 
change  was  effected  in  April,  1854,  when  the  town  of  Bushwick  and  the  city  of  Williamsburgh  were  con- 
solidated with  Brooklyn,  which  was  fast  encroaching  upon  their  borders.  It  was  another  legislative  move 
which  repealed  the  act  of  1850  and  again  increased  the  board  to  forty-five  members,  thirteen  of  whom 
were  to  be  residents  of  the  newly  acquired  territory.  When  the  plan  of  consolidation  was  carried  into 
effect  there  were  fourteen  schools  ni  the  twelve  wards  of  the  city.  No  limit  to  the  membership  of  the 
body  was  fi.xed  until  1862,  when  the  legislature  again  passed  an  amendment  relative  to  the  filling  of  vacan- 
cies and  recognized  forty-five  as  the  legal  limit.  It  was  in  the  same  year  also  that  the  power  to  name  the 
persons  whom  he  desired  should  make  up  the  board,  was  given  to  the  Mayor,  the  nominations  to  be  made 
in  the  month  of  February,  'lliis  left  the  common  council  with  only  the  power  to  confirm  the  appoint- 
ments, failure  to  do  so,  or  the  Mayor  neglecting  to  fill  the  vacancies,  to  result  in  the  fifteen  members  whose 
terms  would  have  e.xpired  holding  over  for  another  year.  This  alternative  unexpectedly  occurred  that  very 
year,  the  aldermen  withholding  their  approval  of  the  names  submitted.  With  a  viev/  to  remedying  all 
irregularities  in  the  existing  law,  another  bill  was  passed  in  1868,  which  required  the  Mayor  to  designate 
which  members  should  hold  terms  of  one,  two  and  three  years,  respectively,  and  on  the  first  of  July  following 

the  decision  was  made  accord- 
ingly. That  same  date  is  to-day 
recognized  as  the  period  at  which 
the  terms  of  the  fifteen  "short- 
term"  members  expire.  At  the 
present  time  the  appointing  power 
rests  with  the  Mayor  alone,  each 
member  being  chosen  for  three 
years  and  one-third  of  the  num- 
ber, unless  reappointed,  going  out 
of  office  every  year.  This  was 
brought  about  in  1888,  when  dur- 
ing "a  'revision  and  combination 
of  all  the  laws  affecting  public 
interests  in  Brooklyn,"  all  the 
school  laws  were  massed  and 
amended  according  to  the  views 
of  the  revisers,  concerning  what 
was  and  what  ought  to  be  the  law 
relating  to  the  schools  and  their 
orderly  arrangement.'  "  Under 
these  epitomized  laws  the  public 
school  system  of  the  present  is 
governed  and  conducted. 

When  the  "fall  term  "  of  1892 
opened  there  were  under  the  con- 
trol of  the  board  of  education, 
a  training  school,  where  recently 
appointed  teachers  may  study  and 
qualify  by  examination  for  the 
higher  grade  certificates  ;  a  high 
school  for  each  sex,  whose  pupils 


Boys'  High  School,  Marcv  and  Putnam  Avenues. 


EDUCATIONAL    INSTITUTIONS. 


713 


GiKLS'  High  School,  Nostrand  Avenuk  and  Halsev  Street. 

have  graduated  from  grammar  grades  ;  thirty-two  grammar  schools,  three  of  which  are  colored  ;  sixteen 
independent  intermediate  sxhools,  supplying  pupils  for  the  grammar  schools;  two  independent  primary 
schools,  eight  branch  intermediate  schools;  twenty-four  branch  primary  schools  ;  and  two  attendance 
schools,  where  truants  are  probated  for  a  term,  the  incorrigibles  being  sent  to  the  Truant  Home.  This 
total  of  eighty-seven  schools  is  e.xclusive  of  the  fifteen  evening  schools,  which  were  established  about 
1850  for  the  working  class,  old  and  young,  of  both  sexes;  eleven  industrial  and  asylum  schools,  which, 
though  in  private  charitable  institutions,  are  controlled  by  the  city  board,  and  the  Eastern  District 
library,  which  contains  several  hundred  volumes  of  books  collected  from  the  libraries  of  the  schools  in 
Williamsburgh  and  Bushwick,  when  they  were  consolidated  with  Brooklyn.  All  of  these  now  share  in  the 
general  educational  funds.  During  the  month  of  September,  1892,  the  eighty-seven  schools  proper  were 
attended  on  an  average  by  85,860  scholars,  who  were  taught  and  ruled  by  2,186  teachers,  heads  of  depart- 
ments and  principals,  while  2,640  other  little  ones  were  refused  admission,  principally  for  lack  of  room 
in  the  lower  primary  grades,  despite  the  fact  that  new  accommodations  are  being  made  with  all  the 
speed  that  money  can  command.  The  same  month  showed  a  total  registry  of  nearly  100,000,  an  increase 
of  4,310  over  that  of  the  corresponding  month  of  the  preceding  year.  Following  the  consolidation  of 
Bushwick,  Williamsburgh  and  Brooklyn,  and  the  organization  of  the  enlarged  board  in  1855,  the  late  J.  W. 
Bulkley  was  called  upon  to  fill  the  position  of  city  superintendent,  to  which  he  was  reelected  regularly 
for  many  succeeding  years.  In  1873  he  was  succeeded  by  the  late  Thomas  W.  Field,  who  had  been  a 
member  of  the  board  of  education  since  1855.  Mr.  Bulkley,  despite  his  years,  remained  in  the  service  as 
assistant  superintendent  until  1885 — four  years  after  the  death  of  his  successor — when  he  resigned.  Cyrus 
P.  Smith,  who  was  for  a  quarter  of  a  century  a  member  of  the  board,  was  also  its  first  president,  continuing 
in  that  office  for  twenty-one  successive  years.  He  resigned  in  1868.  Dr.  J.  S.  Thorne,  the  second 
to  take  the  helm,  retired  voluntarily  in  187 1  and  his  place  was  filled  by  Ephraim  J.  Whitlock,  whose  official 
career,  after  eleven  years  of  service,  was  terminated  by  death.  His  connection  with  the  schools  cov- 
ered a  period  of  twenty-three  years,  during  which  he  accomplished  much  good  and  many  reforms,  and  after 
his  death,  which  occurred  in  1881,  the  public  school  teachers  of  the  city  erected  a  memorial  tablet  in  the  board 
rooms  bearing  a  suitable  inscription  and  a  bust  of  the  deceased  in  marble  relief.  It  may  now  be  seen  by 
the  visitor  in  the  main  hall  of  the  new  headquarters  building.  Daniel  Maujer  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy  ; 
but  he  served  less  than  six  months  and  was  succeeded  by  Tunis  G.  Bergen,  who  was  chosen  in  January, 
1882,  and  occupied  the  position  until  July  6,  1886.  Robert  Payne  was  the  next  president,  and  he  gave  way 
to  Joseph  C.  Hendrix,  the  present  incumbent,  in  July,  1887.  The  position  of  superintendent,  which 
has  by  law  received  the  euphonious  addition  "of  public  instruction,"  is  now  held  by  William  H.  Maxwell, 


714 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


Public  School  No.  12,  Adelphi  Street,  ne.\r  Myrtle  Avenue. 


who  was  elected  in  1882  as  the  asso- 
ciate of  Superintendent  Calvin  Pat- 
terson, now  principal  of  the  girls'  high 
school,  who  had  defeated  him  for  the 
higher  position  the  year  before.  With 
the  completion  of  the  girls'  high  school 
and  the  selection  of  Mr.  Patterson  as 
its  head,  Mr.  Maxwell  assumed  the  du- 
ties of  his  present  position.  With  Mr. 
Patterson  he  was  actively  engaged  in 
establishing  rules  governing  the  grad- 
ing of  certificates  to  teach,  which  have 
done  so  much  in  elevating  the  standard 
for  admission  to  the  teacher's  profes- 
sion in  the  schools  of  the  city  and  to 
improve  their  work  and  usefulness. 
Other  reforms  and  needed  changes  in 
the  methods  and  course  of  studies  have 
been  carried  out  since  his  selection  as 
superintendent  in  1887,  and  the  five 
years  that  have  elapsed  have  noted  a 
steady  advancement  in  the  general 
school  work.  The  attendance  depart- 
ment and  the  administration  of  the 
compulsory  education  law  have  during 
all  that  time  been  under  the  care  of  the 
superintendent.  It  was  formerly  under 
separate  supervision  and  the  work  almost  exclusively  was  that  of  checking  truants.  Under  the  reorganiza- 
tion, all  those  children  who  attended  no  school  were  sought,  as  well  as  truants,  and  the  report  of  this  branch 
of  the  department  shows  that  1,103  children  were  placed  in  school  in  1891.  Among  the  important  reforms 
instituted  and  now  in  vogue,  have  been  :  the  teaching  to  read  by  the  word  and  phonetic  methods  ;  the  teach- 
ing of  script  writing  from  the  first  day  of  a  child's  entrance  to  school,  instead  of  the  old  method  of  printing; 
language  and  composition,  which  had  formerly  been  confined  to  two  or  three  grades,  made  universal  ;  arith- 
metic drills  in  simple  examples,  making  individual  work  more  definite  ;  and  a  revision  of  the  course  of 
study.  The  prevailing  promotion  system  was  altered  also  ;  the  studies  of  the  training  school  extended,  the 
regrading  of  the  fifteen  classes  accomplished,  and  the  setting  of  the  present  high  standard  to  be  attained  by 
would-be  tutors.  The  free  book  system  which  had  been  adopted  by  the  New  York  board  of  education 
was  adopted  in  this  city  and  put  in  operation  at  the  beginning  of  1884,  after  which  date  text-books,  slates, 
etc.,  the  cost  of  which  had  before  made  a  heavy  drain  upon  many  a  poor  parent's  shallow  purse,  were 
furnished  to  every  child  at  the  expense  of  the  city.  For  this  purpose  about  $100,000  are  expended  annually. 
The  president  and  vice-president  of  the  board  of  education  and  all  the  non  office-holding  members  of  the 
body  serve  without  salary.  The  clerical  work  of  the  body  is  transacted  by  a  secretary  and  staff  of  clerks— 
non-members — who  are  appointed  for  terms  of  from  one  to  three  years  under  salary.  The  supermtend- 
ent  is  allowed  four  clerks,  who  receive  a  stipulated  annual  stipend,  in  addition  to  two  associate  super- 
intendents, a  director  of  music,  sixteen  music  teachers,  a  supervisor  of  drawing,  seven  drawing  teachers 
and  ten  attendance  agents.  For  the  support  of  this  great  institution  $1,805,363.28  were  allowed  in  1891  by 
the  board  of  estimate,  to  which  the  state  tax  added  $379,041,07,  making  the  total  to  be  expended  for  the 
year  1892,  $2,184,404,35. 

The  board  of  education  in  1S92  comprised  the  following  members  :  Terms  expiring  in  1893 — Tunis  G. 
Bergen,  Robert  A.  Black,  James  B.  Bouck,  James  L.  Drummond,  William  Ferris,  Franklin  W.  Hooper, 
William  J.  Lynch,  Peter  H.  McNulty,  Eben  Miller,  Daniel  W.  Northup,  John  K.  Powell,  Arthur  S.  Somers, 
George  Straub,  Charles  E.  Teale,  John  W.  Weber.  Terms  expiring  in  1894— Alhert  C.  Aubery,  Thomas 
Cacciola,  John  J.  Cashman,  John  Flynn,  Harlan  P.  Halsey,  William  Harkness,  ]^  Harrigan,  Joseph  C. 
Hendrix,  Arthur  R.  Jarrett,  John  McNamee,  Edward  Rowe,  Anton  Schimmel,  C.  Simis,  T.  McCants  Stewart, 
J.  Edward  Swanstrom.  Terms  expiring  in  1895— John  Y.  Culyer,  William  M.  Davis,  Nelson  J.  Gates, 
Samuel  Goodstein,  John  Guilfoyle,  A.  Augustus  Healy,  Courtes  T.  Hubbs,  Horatio  C.  King,  Henry  McLean, 
Thomas  F.  Moran,  Jasper  Murphy,  John  R.  Thompson,  John  D.  Walsh,  James  Weir,  Jr.,  John  W.  Kimball. 
The  officers  are— president,  Joseph  C.  Hendrix  ;  vice-president,  John  R.  Thompson  ;  secretary,  George 
G.  Brown  ;    assistant  secretary,  James  H.  TuUy;  superintendent  of  public  instruction,  William  H.  Maxwell  ; 


EDUCATIONAL    INSTITUTIONS. 


715 


associate  superintendents  of  public  instruction,  Edward  G.  Ward  and  John  H.  Walsh  ;  superintendent  of 
buildings,  James  W.  Naughton  ;  assistant  superintendent  of  buildings,  Frank  A.  Regan  ;  chief  engineer, 
William  F.  Cunningham.  The  clerks  employed  in  the  superintendent's  office  are  :  Emerson  W.  Keyes, 
Charles  W.  Field,  Josiah  H.  Pitts,  Carlotta  de  Buck.  The  clerks  in  the  secretary's  office  are  :  Parker  P. 
Simmons,  E.  F.  Underbill,  Ephrami  J,  Whitlock,  Henry  O.  Dyer,  P.  J.  McGurnn,  John  Monroe,  Anthony 
Wahle,  Francis  J.  O'Malley,  S.  Ella  Terrell,  John  P.  Smith.  The  clerk  to  the  superintendent  of  buildings 
is  Henry  L.  Romer.  The  attendance  agents  are  :  DeHart  Bergen,  Thomas  S.  Kearney,  William  Fischer, 
William  H.  Birck,  Charles  H.  Hart,  Edward  J.  Lyman,  Louis  Mulhauser,  B.  F.  Daly,  James  Bellew,  Michael 
Falvello.  The  director  of  music  is  Albert  S.  Caswell  ;  and  Walter  S.  Goodnough  is  the  supervisor  of  draw- 
ing. There  are  twenty-three  standing  committees,  namely  :  on  finance,  teachers,  law,  school  house,  heat- 
ing and  ventilating,  libraries,  supplies,  pruning,  evening  schools,  studies,  school  books,  music,  drawing, 
attendance,  sites  and  localities,  health,  rules  and  regulations,  girls'  high  school,  boys'  high  school,  train- 
ing school,  free  scholarships,  eastern  district  library,  credentials.  Besides  these  there  are  local  commit- 
tees for  the  library,  training  school,  high  schools,  evening  schools,  the  industrial  and  asylum  schools  and 
one  for  each  of  the  separate  schools. 

Following  is  an  enumeration  of  the  Grammar,  Intermediate  and  Primary  schools,  with  the  location  and 
the  name  of  the  principal  of  each  :  Girls'  high  school,  Nostrand  avenue,  corner  Halsey  street,  Calvin  Pat- 
terson. Boys'  high  school,  Putnam,  corner  Marcy  avenue,  Alec.  G.  McAllister.  Training  school,  Ryerson 
street,  near  Myrtle  avenue,  J.  Gallagher.  No.  i,  Adams,  corner  Concord  street,  Charles  R.  Abbot.  No.  2, 
Forty-sixth  street,  near  Third  avenue,  Jacob  Sand.  No.  3,  Hancock  street,  near  Bedford  avenue,  Benjamin 
Y.  Conklin.  No.  4  (branch  of  No.  9),  Berkeley  place,  near  Fifth  avenue,  C.  Agnes  Reilly.  No.  5,  Duffield, 
corner  Johnson  street,  William  T.  Vlymen.  No.  6,  Warren,  near  Smith  street,  Alfred  E.  Ives,  Jr.  No.  7,  York, 
near  Bridge  street,  William  J.  O'Leary.  No.  8  (branch  of  No.  i),  Middagh,  near  Henry  street,  Agnes  Y. 
Humphrey.  No.  9,  Sterling  place,  corner  Vanderbilt  avenue,  John  Mickleborough.  No.  10,  Seventh  avenue, 
near  Seventeenth  street,  John  H.  Haaren.  No.  11,  Washington,  near  Greene  avenue,  LeRoy  F.  Lewis.  No. 
12,  Adelphi  street,  near  Myrtle  avenue,  James  Cruikshank.  No.  13  (branch  of  No.  78),  Degraw,  near  Hicks 
street,  Lyman  A.  Best.  No.  14  (branch  of  No.  5),  Navy,  corner  Concord  street,  Harriet  M.  Coffin.  No.  15, 
Third  avenue,  corner  State  street,  Wm.  L.  Felter.  No.  16,  Wilson  street,  near  Bedford  avenue,  Leonard 
Dunkly.  No.  17,  Driggs  avenue,  corner  North  Fifth  street,  James  Cusack.  No.  18,  Maujer,  near  Ewen 
street,  Edw.  Bush.  No.  19,  South  Second,  corner  Keap  street,  Walter  B.  Gunnison.  No.  20,  Union  avenue, 
near  North  Second  street,  Sarah  S.  Hunt.  No.  21,  McKibbin,  near  Ewen  street,  Kate  E.  McWilliams.  No. 
22,  Java  street,  near  Manhattan  avenue,  Lyman  B.  Hannaford.  No.  23,  Conselyea,  near  Humboldt  street, 
William  L.  Fitzgibbons.  No.  24  (branch  of  No.  74),  Wall,  corner  Beaver  street,  Joseph  V.  Witherbee.  No. 
25,  Lafayette,  near  Throop  avenue, 
Charles  E.  Tuthill.  No.  26,  Gates,  near 
Ralph  avenue,  Jas.  E.  Ryan.  No.  27, 
Nelson,  corner  of  Hicks  street,  Elmer 
Poulson.  No.  28  (branch  of  No.  35), 
Herkimer  street,  near  Ralph  avenue, 
Ella  Folger.  No.  29  (branch  of  No. 
78),  Columbia,  corner  Amity  street, 
Mary  J.  Merritt.  No.  30,  Wolcott,  near 
Van  Brunt  street,  Thomas  D.  Murphy. 
No.  31,  Dupont  street,  near  Manhattan 
avenue.  Marc  F.  Vallette.  No.  32, 
Hoyt,  corner  President  street,  Samuel 
M.  Sprole.  No.  33,  Heyward  street, 
near  Broadway,  James  Priddy.  No.  34, 
Norman  avenue,  near  Eckford  street, 
Frank  R.  Moore.  No.  35,  Decatur  street, 
corner  Lewis  avenue,  Joseph  S.  Burns. 
No.  36,  Stagg  street,  near  Bushwick  ave- 
nue, Edw.  P.  Crowell.  No.  37,  South 
Fourth,  near  Berry  street,  George  L. 
A.  Martin.  No.  38,  North  Seventh,  near 
Berry  street,  Nathan  Upham.  No.  39, 
Sixth  avenue,  corner  Eighth  street, 
Channing  Stebbins.  No.  40,  Fifteenth 
street,  near  Fourth  avenue,  Frank  L. 


PUBLIC  SCHOOL  No.  35,  LEWIS   AVENUE   AND   DEC.iTOR   STREET. 


7,6  THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 

Green.  No.  41,  Dean  street,  corner  New  York  avenue,  Mary  B.  Dennis.  No.  42,  St.  Mark's,  near  Classon  ave- 
nue, Mrs.  E.  M.  Warren.  No.  43,  Boerum,  near  Ewen  street,  William  B.  Ridenour.  No.  44,  Throop,  corner 
Putnam  avenue,  William  A.  Campbell.  No.  45,  Lafayette,  near  Classon  avenue,  William  M.  Jelliffe.  No.  46 
(branch  of  No.  78),  Union,  near  Henry  street,  Mrs.  Caledonia  V.  Dix.  No.  47  (branch  of  No.  15),  Schermer- 
horn  street,  near  Third  avenue,  Libbie  J.  Eginton.  No.  48  (branch  of  No.  17),  North  First  street,  near  Bedford 
avenue,  Eveline  L.  Petty,  No.  49  (branch  of  No.  18),  Maujer  street,  near  Graham  avenue,  Andrew  I  Sherman. 
No.  5°  (branch  of  No.  19),  South  Fourth,  near  Havemeyer  street,  Elizabeth  R.  Duyckinck.  No.  5 1  (branch  of 
No.  23),  Meeker  avenue,  corner  Humboldt  street,  Frances  Higbie.  No.  52  (branch  of  No.  74),  EUery  street, 
near  Broadway,  Emily  J.  Black.  No.  53  (branch  of  No,  74),  Starr  street,  near  Central  avenue,  Mrs.  Alice  E. 
Field.  No.  54  (branch  of  No.  45),  Walworth  street,  near  Myrtle  avenue,  Emily  Henderson.  No.  55  (branch 
of  No,  25),  Stockton  street,  near  Marcy  avenue,  Alice  A,  Douglas.  No.  56  (branch  of  No  26),  Bushwick  ave- 
nue, corner  Madison  street,  Minerva  H.  Ellis,  No.  57  (branch  of  No.  26),  Reid  avenue,  corner  Van  Bureii 
street,  Elenore  E.  Elliott.  No.  58  (branch  of  No.  32),  Degraw,  near  Smith  street,  Sara  J.  Reid.  No,  59  (branch 
of  No.  34),  Leonard  street,  near  Nassau  avenue,  Sarah  A.  Staley.  No,  60  (branch  of  No.  10),  Fourth  avenue, 
corner  Twentieth  street,  Sarah  A,  Scott.  No.  61  (branch  of  No.  76),  Fulton  street,  corner  New  Jersey  avenue, 
Mrs.  Charlotte  F,  Sheville.  No.  62  (branch  of  No.  76),  Bradford  street,  near  Liberty  avenue.  Honor  E.  Quinn, 
No.  63  (branch  of  No,  84),  Hinsdale  street,  near  Glenmore  avenue;  No,  64,  Berriman  street,  near  Belmont  ave- 
nue, Wm,  Ten  Broeck  S.  Imlay.  No,  65,  Richmond  street,  near  Ridgewood  avenue,  .^lonzo  A.  Ashmun.  No,  66 
(branch  of  No.  84),  Osborne  street,  near  Sutter  avenue,  George  W.  French.  No.  67  (colored),  N.  Elliott  place, 
near  Park  avenue,  Charles  A,  Dorsey.  No.  68  (colored)  (branch  of  No,  67),  Troy  avenue,  corner  Dean  street, 
Georgiana  F.  Putnam.  No.  69  (colored),  Union  avenue,  near  Stagg  street,  Mrs,  C.  T.  Clow.  No,  70,  Patchen 
avenue,  corner  Macon  street,  Geo,  W,  Edwards.  No.  7 1  (branch  of  No.  ^^),  Heyward  street,  near  Lee  avenue, 
(vacancy).  No.  72  (branch  of  No.  64),  New  Lots  road,  near  Barbey  street,  Ida  L,  Morrison,  No,  73,  McDougal 
street,  corner  Rockaway  avenue,  C.  Warren  Hamilton.  No.  74,  Bushwick  avenue,  corner  Kosciusko  street, 
Almon  G.  Merwin.  No.  75,  Evergreen  avenue,  corner  Ralph  street,  William  S,  Mills.  No,  76,  Wyona,  near 
Fulton  street,  Frank  B,  Stevens,  No.  77  (branch  of  No.  39),  Second  street,  near  Si.xth  avenue,  Mary  E.  Sloan. 
No.  78,  Pacific,  near  Court  street,  Seth  T.  Stewart.  No.  79  (branch  of  No,  25),  Kosciusko  street,  near 
Throop  avenue,  Evangeline  E,  Whitney,  No.  82  (branch  of  No.  2),  Fourth  avenue,  corner  Thirty-si.xth  street, 
Margaret  E.  Palmgreen.  No,  83,  Bergen  street,  corner  Schenectady  avenue,  Frank  K.  Perkins.  No.  84, 
Glenmore,  corner  Stone  avenue.  Marcus  A.  Weed.  Attendance  schools. — No.  i,  93  Wyckoff  street,  Denis 
F,  Tarpey.  No,  2,  Driggs  avenue,  corner  South  Third  street,  Richard  B,  McKenna.  Eastern  District  library, 
Driggs  avenue,  corner  South  Third  street  ;  librarian,  Arthur  D.  Stetson. 

Joseph  C.  Hendrix,  president  of  the  board  of  education,  and  also  president  of  the  Kings  County 
Trust  Company  and  congressman  from  the  third  district,  is  a  man  who  has  been  so  prominent  in  the  city 
and  whose  genius  and  e.xecutive  talents  have  been  manifested  in  connection  with  so  many  institutions,  both 
public  and  private,  that  it  is  difficult  to  classify  him.  He  has  served  as  president  of  the  board  of  education 
since  1887  and  has  been  the  originator  and  promoter  of  many  improvements.  But  in  view  of  his  election  to 
congress,  which,  though  at  this  writing  is  an  untried  field  to  him,  undoubtedly  will  afford  the  opportunities 
for  his  triumphs  in  the  immediate  future,  his  biographical  sketch  is  placed  with  those  of  the  other  congress- 
men in  the  chapter  on  "  Political  Life." 

John  R.  Thompson,  as  vice-president  of  the  board,  has  been  a  credit- 
able and  distinguished  member.  He  was  appointed  to  the  board  in  1886 
by  Mayor  Daniel  Whitney  and  reappointed  by  Mayor  Chapin.  He  is  chair- 
man of  the  committee  of  public  school  No.  16  and  also  of  the  evening 
school  committee.  He  is  a  member  of  the  attendance,  girls'  high  school, 
and  training  school  committees.  Mr.  Thompson  has  been  unremitting  in 
his  efforts  to  further  the  success  of  the  evening  school  system  and  has 
devoted  much  of  his  time  to  this  particular  branch  of  educational  work. 
Mr.  Thompson  is  a  member  of  the  firm  of  McLoughlin  Brothers,  toy-book 
publishers.  He  was  born  in  Brooklyn  in  the  year  1847.  He  attended  the 
public  schools  until  he  was  fifteen  years  old,  when  a  situation  was  offered 
him  by  the  firm  in  which  he  is  now  interested.  In  1863  he  enlisted  in  the 
13th  N.  Y.  Heavy  Artillery  and  fought  until  the  close  of  the  civil  war.  He 
took  part  in  a  number  of  well-known  engagements,  including  the  famous 
bombardment  of  Fort  Fisher.  On  his  return  he  reentered  the  employ  of 
McLoughlin  Brothers,  and  advanced  rapidly  to  his  present  position.  In 
John  r,  Thompson.  politics  Mr.  Thompson  is  a  Republican.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Nineteenth 


EDUCATIONAL    INSTITUTIONS. 


717 


Ward  Association  and  a  delegate  to  the  general  committee.     He  has  artistic  tastes  well  cultivated  and  the 
art  work  of  his  firm  is  under  his  supervision.     His  home  is  at  92  Morton  street 

Edward  Rowe  is  the  oldest  member  of  the  board.  He  was  first  appointed  by  Mayor  Wood  in  1S64 
and  for  ten  consecutive  terms  has  held  the  office  under  every  municipal  administration.  No  one  connected 
with  school  affairs  in  this  city  has  evinced  a  more  devoted  interest  than  Mr.  Rowe  in  all  that  affects  public 
education.  He  has  been  chairman  of  the  book  committee  for  seventeen  years;  he  is  a  member  of  the 
finance  committee  and  chairman  of  the  committee  of  public  school  No.  9.  Mr,  Rowe  was  born  in  New  York 
city,  on  February  17,  1815.  After  a  few  years  of  study  at  private  schools  he  obtained,  when  thirteen  years 
old,  a  clerkship  in  a  mercantile  establishment.  Then  he  began  to  learn  the  trade  of  a  hatter  and  for  a 
number  of  years  kept  a  hat  store  in  New  York.  His  ne.xt  venture  was  the  importation  of  foreign  merchan- 
dise, a  business  that  continued  to  absorb  his  attention  until  a  few  years  ago.  He  held  the  presidency  of 
the  New  York  Bank  for  twelve  years,  resigning  in  1872.  Mr.  Rowe  has  represented  the  seventh  ward 
both  in  the  board  of  supervisors  and  the  board  of  aldermen  ;  and  he  was  one  of  the  presidential  electors 
sent  by  the  third  congressional  district  of  New  York  to  the  national  convention  which  nominated  Samuel 
J.  Tilden  for  president.  In  1885  President  Cleveland  appointed  him  as  assistant  appraiser  of  the  port  of 
New  York,  and  he  held  that  position  for  five  years.  Mr.  Rowe  was  married  in  1834  and  has  seven  sons  and 
two  daughters  living.  He  is  a  lover  of  art  and  has  collected  a  number  of  valuable  pictures  in  the  course  of 
forty  visits  which  he  has  made  to  Europe. 

Nelson  J.  Gates  is  the  next  oldest  member  of  the  '      "1 

board.    He  was  born  at  Pleasant  Mount,  Wayne  County,  '  ' 

Pa.,  on  April  9,  1831,  was  educated  at  the  district  schools 
in   his    native    county,  and    was   graduated  from  the 
Academy  of  Northern   Pennsylvania  at  Bethany.     At 
the  close  of  his  academic  course  Mr.  Gates  devoted 
himself  to  the  profession  of  a  teacher  and,  from  1858 
until   1865,  was  the  principal  of  the  public  school  at 
Flushing,  L.  I.     He  resigned  to  enter  the  employ  of 
Frederick  A.  Potts  &  Co.,  wholesale  coal  merchants  in 
New  York,  and  was  shortly  admitted  to  partnership. 
His  business  career  has  been  one  of  unbroken  success. 
Mr.  Gates  came  to  live  in  Brooklyn  in  i866  and  has 
resided    here  uninterruptedly  ever  since.      Although 
never  evincing  any  desire  for  political  honors  he  has 
been  a  zealous  advocate  of  Republican  principles.    He 
was  appointed  to  the  board  of    education   by  Mayor 
Hunter  in  1875  and  has  been  a  member  of  that  body 
until  the  present  time,  with  the  exception  of  four  years 
from  1881  until  1885.     He  served  for  many  years  as 
chairman  of  the  evening  school  committee,  and  in  that 
capacity  bore  a  most  conspicuous  share  in  organizing 
evening  schools  throughout  the  city.    He  aided  materi- 
allyin  consolidating  the  academic  classes  in  the  gram- 
mar school  and  in  establishing   the  high  schools  for 
girls   and   boys.      When  Mr.  Hendrix  was  appointed 
president  of  the  board  Mr.  Gates  succeeded  him  as  chairman  of  the  committee  in  charge  of  the  girls'  high 
school,  a  position  which  he  now  holds.     Mr.  Gates  has  frequently  been  a  delegate  to  the  Republican  general 
committee  of  Kings  County  and  has  been  sent  to  many  of  the  state  conventions  of  his  party.     He  was  a 
presidential  elector  on  the  Harrison  and  Morton  ticket  in  1888.     He  is  a  trustee  of  the  Kings  County  Trust 
Company,  a  director  of  the  Bedford  Bank  and  of  the  Clinton  Bank  of  New  York.     His  home  is  at  No.  1047 
Dean  street.    He  is  a  member  of  the  Oxford  and  Union  League  clubs  and  of  the  Brooklyn  Ethical  Association. 
Tunis  G.  Bergen,  in  point  of  priority,  is  the  third  member  of  the  board.     He  is  a  son  of  Garret  G. 
Bergen  and  was  born  on  May  17,  1847,  in  the   old  family  homestead   on  Third  avenue,  between    Thirty- 
third  and   Thirty-fourth   streets.     He  bears  the    name  of  his   uncle,  the  distinguished   Teunis  G.  Bergen, 
now  deceased.      He  received  his  primary  education  at  public  school  No.  2,  which  was  then  largely  main- 
tained by  the  Bergen  family  ;  he  mastered  French  under  the  tuition  of   Principal  Peter  Rouget  of  public 
school  No.  10,  and   eventually  passed   through  the  Brooklyn   Polytechnic   Institute  and   Rutgers  College. 
From  the  latter  institution  he  was  graduated  in  1867.     In  1868  he  received  his  degree  from  the  law  school  of 
Columbia  College.     He  visited  Germany  where,  for  some  time,  he  studied  in  the  universities  of   Berlin  and 
Heidelberg,  receiving  from  the  latter,  in  187 1,  the  degree  of  Doctor  in   Public   Law.     From  Heidelberg  he 


Nelson  J.  Gates. 


^j8  the    eagle   and    BROOKLYN 

went  to  Paris  and  pursued  his  profession  in  the  law  department  of  the  university  there.  He  attended  also 
lectures  at  the  Sorbonne  and  at  Oxford.  Afterwards  he  went  to  Switzerland,  and  fortunately  was  induced, 
soon  after  starting-,  to  withdraw  from  an  expedition  to  climb  Mont  Blanc  with  a  party,  all  of  whom,  with 
cruides  and  porters,  perished  in  the  ascent.  While  in  Europe  he  contributed  many  interesting  articles  to 
American  newspapers,  some  of  which  related  to  the  Franco-Prussian  war.  In  1879  Mr.  Bergen  was  the 
chosen  orator  of  the  Rutgers  College  Alumni.  It  is  a  noticeable  fact  that  some  one  bearing  the  name  of 
Bero-en  has  been  connected  with  the  Brooklyn  board  of  education  ever  since  the  establishment  of  that 
organization.  Tunis  G.  Bergen  was  appointed  to  the  board  in  March,  1876,  and  afterwards  officiated  as 
chairman  of  various  committees,  and  as  a  member  of  the  studies,  central  grammar  school,  law,  and 
finance  committees.  In  July,  1881,  he  unsuccessfully  contested  for  the  presidency  of  the  board  with  Daniel 
Maujer,  but  the  next  year  he  was  elected  president,  and  was  reelected  until  July,  1S86.  Mr.  Bergen 
received  the  Republican  nomination  in  the  fourth  assembly  district  in  1876  ;  on  this  occasion  he  received 
the  support  of  the  independent  Democrats,  and  ran  3,000  votes  ahead  of  his  ticket.  He  has  declined 
hitherto  to  accept  other  political  nominations  which  have  been  offered  him.  Mr.  Bergen  is  an  enthusiastic 
sportsman  and  clubman  ;  he  is  a  member  of  the  Hamilton  and  Brooklyn  clubs,  and  of  several  New  York 
organizations,  and  various  hunting  and  fishing  clubs.  He  is  now  actively  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his 
profession  as  counsel  for  various  corporations,  estates  and  transportation  companies  ;  and  he  is  identified 
with  the  development  of  South  American  railways.  Ten  years  ago  Mr.  Bergen  married  Miss  McPhail, 
daughter  of  Doctor  McPhail,  of  Pierrepont  street,  and  both  he  and  Mrs.  Bergen  have  been  active  and 
influential  in  the  city's  social  life.     Their  home  is  on  Pierrepont  street. 

CoLOXEL  John  Y,  Culver  for  the  last  quarter  of  a  century  has  been 
prominently  identified  with  the  interests  of  Brooklyn,  He  was  born  in  the 
city  of  New  York  fifty-two  years  ago.  He  had  the  advantages  of  a  sub- 
stantial education  in  some  of  the  best  schools  of  his  native  city,  and  early 
developed  a  talent  for  the  profession  of  civil  engineering,  for  which  he 
received  special  training.  His  tastes  led  him  to  combine  a  study  of  horti- 
culture and  the  artistic  side  of  engineering.  At  the  beginning  of  the 
development  of  Central  Park  he  joined  the  corps  engaged  on  that  work, 
under  the  supervision  of  Frederick  Law  Olmsted,  the  designer  of  the 
park,  where  he  acquired  a  familiarity  with  the  details  of  the  work  which 
he  utilized  with  advantage  in  his  subsequent  career.  At  the  beginning  of 
the  war  he  accompanied  Mr.  Olmsted  to  Washington  to  assist  in  the 
organization  and  administration  of  the  work  of  the  U,  S,  Sanitary  Com- 
mission. After  serving  a  year  in  this  capacity  he  entered  the  service  of 
the  U.  S.  Engineer  Department  as  an  assistant  to  the  engineer  in  charge 
-,.  ^j-  ^j^g  |j^_^^  ^j-  (jgfgj.,(,g  south  of  the  Potomac,  under  the  late  General  J.  G. 

Col.  John  Y.  Culver.  Barnard,  and  remained  in  that  service  till  the  close  of  the  war.     In  the 

spring  of  1S65,  Colonel  Culyer  was  present  in  Ford's  Theatre  when  Abraham  Lincoln  was  assassinated  and 
he  retains  a  vivid  recollection  of  that  startling  event.  About  this  time  he  received  an  offer  from  the  Hon. 
A.  H.  Green,  then  commissioner  of  the  New  York  parks,  to  return  to  that  city  as  an  engineer,  which  he 
did.  He  left  his  work  there  to  accept  the  position  of  assistant  engineer  in  charge  at  Prospect  Park,  on  the 
special  invitation  of  Hon.  J.  S.  T.  Stranahan.  On  the  retirement  of  Mr.  Olmsted,  and  of  the  gentleman  who 
had  served  as  chief  engineer,  he  was  appointed  chief  engineer  and  superintendent,  and  under  his  super- 
vision a  large  part  of  the  unfinished  work  of  the  various  parks  and  parkways  was  completed.  He  has  been 
for  many  years  identified  with  the  national  guard,  serving  as  engineer  on  the  staff  of  Generals  Jourdan  and 
Molineaux,  and  is  now  the  ranking  engineer  in  length  of  service  in  the  military  establishment  of  the  state. 
In  the  management  of  Prospect  Park  he  was  permitted  by  the  commissioners  to  largely  develop  its  various 
public  uses,  then  almost  unique  in  park  management,  the  approval  of  Mr.  Stranahan  and  his  long  and  inti- 
mate association  with  that  gentleman  serving  as  inspiration  to  his  labors.  Following  the  radical  changes 
which  the  retirement  of  Mr.  Stranahan  caused.  Col.  Culyer  resigned  his  position  and  engaged  actively  in 
his  professional  work  as  a  civil  engineer  and  landscape  architect,  in  which  he  has  attained  both  success 
and  a  reputation  of  a  high  order.  He  is  the  consulting  engineer  of  the  department  of  parks  in  this  city,  and 
has  designed  the  small  parks  in  the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth  wards,  and  is  otherwise  intimately  associ- 
ated with  other  park  work  of  Brooklyn.  Mr.  Culyer  has  been  an  active  and  influential  member  of  the  board 
of  education  during  the  greater  part  of  the  time  since  1872,  and  has  been  identified  with  its  most  useful  work 
serving  as  a  member  of  its  most  important  committees.  He  is  a  member  of  the  committee  on  teachers, 
studies,  sites  and  localities,  heating  and  ventilation,  and  drawing,  and  is  chairman  of  the  committee  on 
free  scholarships,  and  of  the  boys'  high  school.  He  was  a  member  of  the  first  rapid  transit  commission  in 
this  city,  and  he  was  engineer  of  the  committee  for  the  Atlantic  avenue  route.     He  is  a  member  of  the 


EDUCATIONAL    INSTITUTIONS. 


719 


department  of  pedagogy  of  the  Brooklyn  Institute  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  and  chairman  of  its  committee 

on  art  education,  a  member  of  the  Oxford  and  Brooklyn  clubs,  and  of  the  Union  League  Club  of  New  York, 

and  of  the  American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers.     He  has  a  well  selected  library  and  art  collection. 
J.  Edward  Swanstrom,  who  was  appointed  to 

the  board  in  1888  and  reappointed  three  years  later. 

is  the  son  of  the  Rev.  J.  P.  Swanstrom,  who  came  to 

the  United  States  in  company  with  John  Ericcson, 

the  inventor  of  the  "  Monitor."      Both  these  youno- 

Swedes  at  that  time,  and  for  some  years  after,  were 

comparatively  unknown,  yet  each  attained  eminence 

in  his  adopted  country.     J.  Edward  Swanstrom  was 

born  in  Brooklyn  on  July  26,   1853.     He  became  a 

pupil  of  the  public  schools,  and  afterwards  studied 

at  the  University  of  the  City  of  New  York,  from  the 

law  school  of  which  he  was  graduated  in  1878,  having 

three  years  previously  entered  the  office  of  the  New 

York  legal  firm  of  Miller,  Feet  &  Opdyke.    He  grad- 
uated with  the   highest  honors  attainable.      He   at 

once  began  a  successful    private    practice    in    New 

York,  and  the  reports  of  the  state  bar  attest  the  ex- 
tent and  importance  of  the  cases  which  have  been 

committed  to  his  care.     In  the  board  of  education 

he  has  rendered  good   service,  and  is  chairman  of 

the  committee  on  rules  and  regulations  ;  also  he  is 

one  of  the  three  members  of  the  law  committee. 

Caesar  Slmis  was  appointed  a  member  of  the 

board  of   education  by    Mayor   Whitney  and   reap- 
pointed by  Mayor  Chapin  ;  he  is  a  member  of  the 

local  committee  of  schools  Nos.  41,  73,  67  and  68,  and 

a  member  of  the  committees  on  teachers  and  studies. 

In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  was  associated  with 

the  Jeffersonian  movement  in  this  city,  both  as  a  member  and  as  an  officer.     He  was  born  hi  the  city  of 

Hamburg,  Germany,  on  April  13,  1849,  and  was  brought  to  this  country  when  two  years  of  age.    His  parents 

located  in  the  sixteenth  ward  of  this  city,  and  were  residents  of  that  locality  for  many  years.     Mr.  Simis 

received  the  ordinary  public  and  German  school  education  offered  in  that 
district,  and  is  a  graduate  of  the  Law  School  of  the  University  of  the  city 
of  New  York.  He  was  admitted  to  practice,  but  having  an  inclination  for 
a  mercantile  life,  he  entered  into  the  hat  trade,  both  wholesale  and  retail, 
he  has  continued  in  this  business  ever  since,  and  has  the  reputation  of 
being  one  of  the  largest  retail  hat  merchants  in  the  United  States.  Mr. 
Simis  is  a  thorough  musician,  and  as  a  pianist  he  performed,  in  his  younger 
years,  at  many  concerts  in  Williamsburgh. 

He  is  married  and  resides  at  the  corner  — ~ 

of  New  York  and  St.  Mark's  avenues.    He 
has  a  son  and  a  daughter. 

Henry  C.  McLean,  M.  D.,  has  been 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  medicine  in 
Brooklyn  since  he  was  twenty-three  years 
old  and  was  one  of  the  first  persons  to 
hold  an  appointment  as  ambulance  sur- 
geon in  this  city.  He  was  born  at  New- 
burgh-on-the-Hudson,  on  June  26,  1850, 

and  after  studying  at  private  schools  entered  Manhattan  College  in  New 

York  city,  where  he  was  graduated  on  his  nineteenth  birthday,  in  1869. 
Afterwards,  in   1873,  he  was  graduated  at  the  University  of  the  City  of 

New  York.  In  July,  1873,  Dr.  McLean  was  appointed  as  ambulance  sur- 
geon in  the  Eastern  District,  but  he  resigned  in  the  following  October  to 
accept  the  position  of  resident  physician  in  the  Kings  County  Hospital ; 
he  remained  there  until  1875,  when  he  entered  upon  general  practice  and 


J.  Edward  Swanstrom. 


Caesar  Simis. 


Hemry  C.  McLean,  M.  D, 


720  THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 

he  has  since  resided  in  the  third  and  twenty-second  wards,  his  present  residence  being  at  loi  Sixth  avenue. 
He  has  been  visiting  physician  at  St.  Mary's  General  Hospital,  and  St.  Mary's  Maternity  and  Lifants'  Hos- 
pital since  1SS7,  and  was  for  seventeen  years  an  attending  physician  at  the  dispensary  on  Third  avenue, 
near  State  street.  Dr.  McLean  was  appointed  as  a  member  of  the  board  of  education  by  Mayor  Whitney 
in  1886  and  was  reappointed  by  Mayors  Chapin  and  Boody.  He  is  chairman  of  the  committee  on  drawing, 
and  is  a  member  of  the  committees  on  music,  training  school,  and  health.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Columbian 
Club  and  the  Young  Men's  Democratic  Club. 

Major  Peter  H.  McNulty,  who  holds  the  reins  which  control 
the  drygoods  house  of  Wechsler  &  Abraham,  is  well  known  and  re- 
spected in  commercial  and  financial  circles,  in  private  and  public  life 
and  among  military  men.  During  his  seven  years  incumbency  of  a 
responsible  business  position  he  has  found  time  for  outside  affairs  and 
has  taken  an  energetic  part  in  the  management  of  one  department  of 
the  city  government.  As  a  member  of  the  board  of  education  he  has 
worked  faithfully  and  is  proportionately  valued.  Major  McNulty  was 
the  first  member  of  the  board  to  suggest  the  advisability  of  the  introduc- 
tion of  manual  training  into  the  schools.  The  system  embodies  a  course 
by  which  the  hand  is  educated  in  sympathy  with  the  eye  ;  and  it  pro- 
vides for  the  teaching  of  wood  carpentry  and  the  trades  where  measur- 
ing and  calculations  are  required.  Major  McNulty  is  chairman  of  the 
committee  which  has  the  matter  in  hand,  and  intends  to  have  the  system 
introduced.  Peter  H.  McNulty  was  born  in  Middagh  street,  in  Brook- 
lyn, on  May  4,  1858.  He  attended  public  school  No.  8,  which  then  was 
located  in  Middagh  street.  Afterward  he  studied  at  St.  Francis'  College 
MAJOR  PETER  H.  MCNULTY.  ^_^^  compIctcd  his  cducation  at  St.  John's  College.     In  1S71  he  began 

work  as  a  bundle  boy  in  the  employ  of  Peake,  Opdyke  &  Co.,  wholesale  drygoods  dealers,  of  New  York. 
From  that  position,  through  various  changes  of  employers,  he  gradually  won  his  way  to  the  one  he  now  fills. 
He  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  Third  Catling  Battery,  and  was  promoted  to  a  lieutenancy  ;  then  he  was 
appointed  a  captain  on  General  Ward's  staff.  He  was  afterwards  appointed  and  now  is  major  and  quarter- 
master on  General  McLeer's  brigade  staff.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Montauk  and  Columbian  clubs,  and  of 
the  Emerald  Association.  The  great  coaching  carnival  which  was  held  in  Prospect  Park,  in  the  summer  of 
1891,  was  first  proposed  by  Major  McNulty,  and  at  the  various  meetings  held  to  perfect  arrangements  for 
that  event  he  always  presided. 

Charles  E.  Teale  was  appointed  as  a  member  of  the  board  of  education  in  the  spring  of  1878,  by 
Mayor  Howell,  and  was  reappointed  by  the  same  Mayor  in  1S80.  He  was  reappointed  twice  by  Mayor 
Seth  Low,  and  received  two  reappointments  from  Mayor  Chapin.  As  a  member  of  the  library  committee 
he  was  instrumental  in  the  introduction  of  the  free  book  system.  He  advocated  the  present  system  of  pay- 
ing the  teachers'  salaries  by  check  instead  of  cash,  while  a  member  of  the  finance  committee  of  the  board. 
He  has  been  chairman  of  school  No.  15  for  many  years,  and  during  that  time  has  looked  favorably  on  the 
establishment  of  tjie  present  system  of  buildings  with  isolated  class  rooms.  He  was  active  in  the  work 
of  instituting  the  training  school.  He  is  now  chairman  of  the  finance  committee,  member  of  the  committees 
on  rules,  text-books,  boys'  high  school,  and  training  school.  Mr.  Teale  is  the  head  of  the  tailoring  firm  of 
Charles  E.  Teale  &  Co.,  on  Fulton  street.  He  has  been  an  active  and  prominent  member  of  the  Hanson 
Place  M.  E.  Church  since  1858,  and  is  a  director  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association.  He  is  a  direc- 
tor in  the  City  Savings  Bank  and  in  the  Brooklyn  Choral  Society.  He  is  a  member  of  the  social  committee 
of  the  Oxford  Club  and  one  of  the  directors  of  the  Brooklyn  Sunday  School  Union.  Mr.  Teale  was  born 
in  Nottingham,  England,  on  June  i,  1843,  and  came  to  America  with  his  parents  when  he  was  six  years 
old.  For  four  years  he  attended  public  school  No.  8,  and  at  the  age  of  twelve  years  he  was  studying  in  the 
night  at  school  No.  6,  in  Warren  street.  He  began  his  working  life  as  a  messenger  boy  at  the  offices  of  the 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association. 

Harlan  P.  Halsey  is  an  unassuming,  yet  sturdily  built  man,  of  medium  stature,  conventional  in  dress 
and  business-like  in  manner.  Few,  seeing  him  on  the  street,  would  recognize  him  as  the  author  of  the 
"Old  Sleuth  "  series  of  detective  stories  ;  but  the  fact  is,  that  in  the  past  twenty  years  he  has  written  more 
than  170,000  manuscript  pages  of  novels  and  series.  He  is  about  46  years  of  age,  and  gained  his  early 
education  at  a  private  academy  in  New  York  city,  where  he  was  born.  He  had  an  inherent  literary  bent, 
and  when  in  his  teens  began  to  write  for  different  magazines  ;  in  the  younger  days  of  Frank  Leslie's  paper 
he  was  employed  on  it.  When  but  sixteen  years  of  age  he  wrote  a  novel  of  300  pages,  which  he  had  pub- 
lished at  his  own  expense.  Some  of  his  earliest  stories  and  poetical  compositions  were  published  in  the 
Eagle  nearly  forty  years  ago.     He  wrote  "Old  Sleuth"  for  George  Munro  ;  and  after  the  story  became 


EDUCATIONAL   INSTITUTIONS. 


721 


Harlan  P.  Halsey. 


famous  he  took  the  title  of  the  book  for  a  nom  de  plume.  Mr.  Halsey  is 
not  a  politician,  nor  is  he  an  enthusiastic  party  servant.  He  was  appointed  ! 
to  the  board  of  education  in  July,  1885,  by  Mayor  Seth  Low,  and  since 
then  has  been  twice  reappointed  under  Democratic  administrations.  Politi- 
cally, he  is  a  Republican,  and  votes  with  that  party.  He  is  fond  of  all 
athletic  amusements,  and  as  soon  as  his  day's  work  is  done  he  seeks  recre- 
ation in  that  direction.  In  his  work  he  is  as  methodical  as  a  carpenter  at 
his  bench,  writing  a  fixed  amount  and  then  stopping.  He  is  a  property- 
owner  in  the  city,  an  organizer  of  several  financial  projects,  and  a  director 
in  the  Hamilton  Trust  Company. 

William  Ferris  was  born  in  Ireland  on  January  21,  1S50,  and  came 
to  this  country  fifteen  years  later.  His  first  employment  was  with  D. 
Appleton  &  Co.,  but  seeing  little  opportunity  for  advancement  he  severed 
his  connection  with  that  firm,  and  engaged  with  the  New  York  Printing 
Company,  where  he  remained  until  1872.  In  September  of  that  year  he 
connected  himself  with  J.  J.  Little  &  Co.  His  progress  with  this  firm  was 
so  rapid  that  he  soon  became  superintendent,  his  present  position.  For  a 
long  time  Mr.  Ferris  lived  in  the  thirteenth  ward,  but  about  four  years  ago  he  moved  to  the  twenty-fifth 
ward.      He  is  a  staunch  Democrat,  and  is  an  active  member  and  a  trustee  of  the  Bushwick  Democratic 

Club.  In  the  board  of  education  he  is  chairman  of  the  printing  committee, 
and  a  member  of  the  library,  school-book,  and  supplies  committees.  Mr. 
Ferris  has  displayed  much  ability  in  dealing  with  educational  matters.  He 
is  married,  and  with  his  wife  and  their  five  children  occupies  a  pleasant 
home  at  783  Monroe  street. 

J.^MES  B.  BouCK  was  born  in  New  York  city  on  February  16,  1840.  He 
began  study  at  the  Utica  French  Academy,  and  after  spending  two  years 
there  attended  the  Poughkeepsie  Collegiate  School  for  three  years.  At 
the  age  of  fifteen  he  was  sent  to  the  school  presided  over  by  Dr.  Haccius 
at  Geneva,  Switzerland.  Returning  to  America,  two  years  later,  he  entered 
the  junior  class  of  Union  College,  at  Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  from  which  insti- 
tution he  was  graduated  with  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts  in  the  class 
of  1859.  In  June  of  the  same  year  he  entered  the  Merchants'  E.xchange 
Bank  in  New  York  as  a  clerk,  and  in  the  following  May  he  became  con- 
nected with  Messrs.  David  Dows&  Company,  commission  merchants,  with 
which  firm,  at  the  end  of  three  years'  service,  he  held  the  position  of  con- 
fidential clerk.  In  December,  1864,  he  engaged  in  the  same  line  of  business 
for  himself.  In  1869  he  moved  to  Brooklyn,  and  being  a  Democrat  in  poli- 
tics, at  once  joined  the  Seventh  Ward  Democratic  Association,  of  which  he  is  president.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Andrew  Jackson  Democratic  Club,  and  has  been  a  member  of  the  Democratic  general  committee  of 
Kings  County  since  1880.  In  1887  Mayor  Whitney  appointed  him  as  a  member  of  the  board  of  education, 
and  three  years  later  he  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Chapin.  At  present  he  is  chairman  of  school  No.  45, 
chairman  of  the  committee  on  teachers,  member  of  the  committee  on  school  houses,  and  of  the  committee 
on  text-books.     He  is  an  active  member  of  the  Lincoln  Club. 

John  Guilfoyle  was  born  in  New  York  city  on  November  3,  1854, 
and  studied  in  the  public  schools  there.  With  his  parents  he  settled  in 
Brooklyn  in  1866,  and  then  entered  St.  John's  College,  from  which  insti- 
tution he  was  graduated  in  1870.  During  the  succeeding  four  years  he 
was  apprenticed  to  the  bricklaying  trade,  and  in  1875  went  into  partnership 
with  his  father,  a  builder.  The  latter  died  in  1879,  and  John  Guilfoyle 
continued  the  business.  In  1887  he  was  appointed  as  superintendent  of 
construction  of  the  new  federal  building  by  Secretary  Daniel  Manning,  and 
served  until  August,  1889,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  William  Booth.  In 
1886  Mayor  Whitney  appointed  him  as  a  member  of  the  board  of  education. 
He  received  reappointment  from  Mayor  Chapin,  and  is  now  chairman  of 
the  committee  on  public  school  No,  7,  and  a  member  of  the  school  house, 
drawing,  and  manual  training  committees.  Mr.  Guilfoyle  is  a  Democrat 
and  has  been  a  member  of  the  Democratic  general  committee  for  fourteen 
years  ;  he  is  the  secretary  of  the  Fifth  Ward  Democratic  Association. 
He  is  the  contractor  for  the  mason  work  on  the  new  13th  Regiment  armory 
at  Sumner  and  Putnam  avenues. 


William  Ferris. 


John  Guilfoyle. 


7  2  2 


THE    EAGLE   AND    BROOKLYN. 


Daniel  W.  Northup  was  born  in  Troy,  N.  Y.,  on  April  24,  1845.  He  received  his  primary  education  in 
the  puljiic  schools  of  Brooklyn,  going  from  them  to  the  mathematical  and  classical  academy  of  Prof. 
McLaren  at  Sandy  Hill,  Washington  County,  N.  Y.  After  his  graduation  in  1864,  he  returned  to  Brooklyn, 
and  pursued  a  course  of  higher  studies  before  entering  the  Columbia  College  Law  School.  In  1867  he  was 
graduated  as  a  Bachelor  of  Laws,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  the  same  year.  Since  that  time  he  has 
devoted  himself  to  the  practice  of  law  in  the  courts  of  this  state,  leaving  his  office,  at  26  Court  street,  only 
to  take  a  citizen's  part  in  the  direction  of  local  affairs.  Mr.  Northup  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  having  been 
for  some  time  a  member  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  Republican  general  committee.  He  was 
appointed  to  the  board  by  Mayor  Whitney.  He  has  been  a  member  of  many  of  the  active  committees  of 
the  board,  including  the  committee  on  law,  of  which  he  is  chairman,  and  the  committees  on  the  girls'  high 
school,  teachers,  libraries,  and  rules.  Mr.  Northup  traces  his  descent  from  Governor  Bradford,  of  Connecticut, 
when  that  state  was  a  colony  under  British  rule.  His  home  is  at  No.  38  Halsey  street.  He  is  well  known 
among  the  Brooklyn  clubs,  being  a  member  of  the  Brooklyn,  Hamilton  and  the  Union  League.  Mr.  Northup 
has  a  special  taste  for  art,  and  has  visited  the  principal  galleries,  both  at  home  and  abroad. 

Samuel  Goodstein  was  born  in  New  York  city  on  February  25,  1849. 
His  education  was  gained  in  the  public  schools  there  and  in  the  New  York 
Free  Academy.  He  then  for  two  years  worked  as  a  clerk  with  the  law 
firm  of  Messrs.  Collins  &  Hughes  ;  and  afterward  he  was  with  a  mercantile 
house  four  years.  Li  1869  he  came  to  Brooklyn  and  established  himself 
in  business  as  a  loan  broker,  in  which  he  continues.  Having  made  Brook- 
lyn his  home,  he  at  once  identified  himself  with  religious  and  charitable 
institutions.  When  twenty-three  years  of  age  he  was  president  of  the 
congregation  of  Temple  Israel.  He  is  now  vice-president  of  the  congre- 
gation. He  was  president  of  the  Hebrew  Benefit  Society  of  the  Western 
District,  and  for  eleven  consecutive  years  was  vice-president  of  the  Hebrew 
Orphan  Asylum.  In  1866  Mayor  Whitney  appointed  him  as  a  member 
of  the  board  of  education  and  three  years  later  he  was  reappointed  by 
Mayor  Chapin.  He  is  chairman  of  schools  Nos.  5  and  63,  and  their 
branches,  and  a  member  of  the  school-house  committee.  Mr.  Goodstein 
is  a  member  of  the  Constitution  and  Laurence  clubs.  He  is  a  staunch 
Democrat  in  politics,  a  member  of  the  Twenty-second  Ward  Association, 
and  an  e.K-member  of  the  Democratic  general  committee. 
James  L.  Drummond,  who  was  appointed  as  a  member  of  the  board 
by  Mayor  Chapin  in  1888,  and  reappointed  during  Mr.  Chapin's  second 
term  in  1890,  was  born  in  Glasgow,  Scotland,  on  March  5,  1849,  and  came 
to  this  country  with  his  parents  in  1853.  He  attended  the  public  schools 
in  New  York  until  he  was  fourteen  years  old,  when  he  entered  the  service 
of  the  late  U.  D.  Ward,  then  a  publisher  and  bookseller  in  New  York  ;  on 
February  i,  1879,  he  was  admitted  to  a  partnership.  The  firm  name  be- 
came Ward  &  Drummond,  and  that  title  has  been  preserved  until  the  pres- 
ent time.  In  November,  1875,. Mr.  Drummond  removed  to  Brooklyn  and 
soon  became  identified  with  educational  affairs  here.  In  the  board  of 
education  he  is  chairman  of  committees  on  public  schools  Nos.  22,  34 
and  59,  and  of  evening  school  No.  22,  besides  being  a  member  of  the  music, 
printing,  and  library  committees.  Mr.  Drummond  is  an  active  member  of 
the  masonic  fraternity,  a  past  master  of  Greenpoint  Lodge,  No.  403,  F.  and 
.\.  M,,  past  commander  of  St.  Elmo  Commandery,  No.  57,  Knights  Tem- 
plars ;  he  is  a  32°  mason,  a  noble  of  the  Mystic  Shrine  and  is  district  deputy 
grand  master  for  the  second  masonic  district. 

AViLLLAM  J.  Lynch,  who  was  appointed  as  a  member  of  the  board  of  ■'""'^^  ^-  °R™mond. 

education  in  July,  1890,  by  Mayor  Chapin,  is  an  active  and  useful  member  and  has  served  on  some  of  the 
most  important  committees.  He  was  born  in  1863  and  was  educated  at  the  public  schools  in  Brooklyn. 
When  seventeen  years  old  he  began  to  study  law  with  the  late  Edward  P,  Wilder,  and  after  graduation  from 
the  Columbia  College  Law  School,  in  1884,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  practiced  until  January  i,  1892, 
when  John  Cottier,  who  had  been  elected  county  clerk  of  Kings  County,  tendered  him  the  appointment  of 
deputy  clerk,  which  he  accepted. 

James  Weir,  Jr.,  is  chairman  of  the  committees  on  schools  Nos.  10  and  40,  chairman  of  the  committee 
on  sites  and  localities  and  a  member  of  the  school-house  committee.  He  was  appointed  to  the  board  by 
Mayor  Whitney  in  1886.     He  was  born  in  England  on  October  17,  1843,  and  was  brought  to  this  country 


Samuel  Goodstein. 


EDUCATIONAL    INSTITUTIONS.  723 

before  he  was  one  year  old.  When  a  boy  he  went  to  public  school  No.  2,  and  later  concluded  his  studies  at 
the  Polytechnic  Institute.  Having  inherited  from  his  father  a  love  for  flowers  and  a  predilection  for  their 
cultivation  as  a  business,  he  began  as  a  florist  in  1866.  He  is  a  well-known  member  of  several  social  organi- 
zations. He  has  been  a  mason  for  a  number  of  years  and  is  a  member  of  Greenwood  Lodge,  No.  569,  F.  and 
A.  M.  He  is  especially  fond  of  yachting  and  fills  the  position  of  rear  commodore  of  the  Atlantic  Yacht 
Club.  In  politics  Mr.  Weir  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  held  various  offices  both  by  election  and  appointment. 
From  1879  until  1883  he  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  aldermen  of  Brooklyn  ;  and  during  the  last  year  of 
his  service  was  honored  with  the  position  of  chairman  of  the  board.  He  has  also  served  on  the  Democratic 
general  committee  and  has  been  several  times  a  delegate  to  state  conventions. 

CouRTES  T.  HuBES  was  appointed  as  a  member  of  the  board  by  Mayor  Chapin,  in  1S91,  to  serve  the 
unexpired  term  of  John  Cottier.  He  is  chairman  of  the  committee  on  public  school  No.  75,  and  a  member 
of  the  printing,  high  school,  and  Eastern  District  library  committees.  Born  on  August  13,  1843,  in  New 
York  city,  he  attended  the  public  schools  there  until  1857,  when  he  removed  to  Williamsburgh  and  entered 
public  school  No.  18,  from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1857.  He  then  entered  the  Twentieth  street  public 
school  in  New  York,  where  he  was  graduated  ;  and  he  followed  that  up  by  a  one  year  course  in  the  College 
of  the  City  of  New  York.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Seymour,  the  Bushwick  Democratic,  and  the  Twenty- 
eighth  Ward  Business  Men's  Democratic  clubs.  He  is  the  president  of  the  Homestead  Cooperative  Build- 
ing and  Loan  Association.  In  the  masonic  fraternity  he  is  a  member  of  the  DeWitt  Clinton  Commandery, 
Knights  Templar,  honorary  member  of  the  Baltic  Lodge,  No.  284,  F.  and  A.  M.,  Brooklyn,  and  a  past 
master  of  the  Hope  Lodge,  No.  244,  in  New  York  city. 

William  M.  Davis  has  been  a  druggist  in  the  city  for  the  past  thirteen  years.  He  was  born  in  Troy, 
N.  Y.,  on  June  13,  184S,  and  began  his  education  at  a  public  school  in  that  city.  He  came  to  Brooklyn  in 
1876.  During  1889  and  1890  he  was  president  of  the  Kings  County  Pharmaceutical  Society,  and  he  now 
holds  a  similar  position  in  the  Board  of  Pharmacy  of  Kings  County.  He  is  the  first  vice-president  of  the 
College  of  Pharmacy  of  Brooklyn.  In  1889  Mayor  Chapin  appointed  him  as  a  member  of  the  board  of 
education,  in  which  he  is  a  member  of  the  committees  on  sites  and  localities,  and  music,  and  chairman  of 
public  school  No.  25.  Mr.  Davis  is  now  taking  a  course  of  lectures  at  the  Long  Island  Medical  College 
with  the  view  of  obtaining  a  physician's  diploma. 

Eben  Miller  is  a  man  who  has  for  a  number  of  years  taken  a  prominent  and  active  interest  in 
Brooklyn's  educational  institutions.  He  was  appointed  as  a  member  of  the  board  of  education  by  Mayor 
Howell,  and  was  reappointed  by  Mayors  Low,  Whitney,  and  Chapin.  He  suggested  and  managed  the 
redistricting  the  city  and  consolidating  of  its  schools,  thereby  reducing  grades  of  schools  and  saving  a 
large  amount  of  room  and  expense.  For  ten  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  committee  on  finance  ;  he  is 
now  chairman  of  the  committee  of  school  No.  11,  and  chairman  of  the  training  school  committee,  besides  being 
a  member  of  the  studies,  attendance,  rules  and  regulations,  and  drawing  committees.  He  was  born  in  New 
York  in  1845,  and  is  the  head  of  the  firm  of  Miller  &  Flynn,  paper  dealers,  in  that  city. 

John  McNamee  was  appointed  to  the  board  of  education  in  February,  18S0,  by  Mayor  James  Howell 
and  was  continued  in  office  by  successive  reappointments.  For  several  years  he  has  proved  an  efficient 
chairman  of  the  committee  on  heating  and  ventilation,  and  he  is  one  of  the  standing  committee  on  school 
houses  and  sites.  He  is  a  native  of  Brooklyn,  having  been  born  in  the  second  ward,  and  educated  in  the 
public  schools.     His  business  is  that  of  a  contractor. 

John  W.  Kimball  was  appointed  in  December,  1892,  vice  Henry  M.  Winter,  deceased.  Mr.  Kimball 
was  born  in  Sandwich,  N.  H.,  in  April,  1848.  He  acquired  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in  Rochester, 
N.  H.;  subsequently  he  studied  at  educational  institutions  in  West  Lebanon,  N.  H.,  and  Poughkeepsie, 
N.  Y.  He  came  to  Brooklyn  and  established  himself  in  the  drug  business  in  1868.  He  is  chairman  of  the 
board  of  trustees  of  the  Prospect  Home  Building  and  Loan  Association  and,  in  addition  to  his  drug  busi- 
ness, represents  several  insurance  companies.     In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat. 

John  K.  Powell  was  born  at  Manetto  Hill,  Queens  County,  L.  I.,  on  April  23,  1848,  being  descended 
from  an  old  Quaker  family.  He  was  appointed  as  a  member  of  the  board  of  education  by  Mayor  Whitney 
and  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Chapin.  He  is  chairman  of  public  school  No.  76,  and  a  member  of  the 
committee  on  heating  and  ventilating  and  on  free  scholarships.  He  is  a  dentist  by  profession  and  a  Demo- 
crat in  politics.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Glenmore  Rod  and  Gun  Club  and  of  the  Constitution  Club. 

John  Flynn  has  been  a  member  of  the  board  of  education  since  Mayor  Schroeder  app(jinted  him  in 
1876.  He  is  chairman  of  the  committee  of  public  school  No.  42,  and  is  a  member  of  the  committee  on 
teachers,  evening  schools,  music,  and  the  training  school.  He  was  born  in  Ireland  on  February  i,  1839.  He 
has  lived  in  Brooklyn  since  1854. 

Gen.  Horatio  C.  King  is  another  of  those  men  who  have  gained  eminence  in  several  capacities,  and 
are  not  to  be  placed  exclusively  in  any  particular  class.  He  has  served  on  the  board,  and  has  done  import- 
ant work  in  committees  since  July  i,  1884.     His  biography  is  printed  in  the  chapter  on  Bench  and  Bar. 


,24  THE    EAGLE   AND    BROOKLYN. 

Franklin  W.  Hooper  is  one  of  the  newer  members  of  the  board,  having  been  appointed  by  Mayor 
Boody  in  March,  1S92.  He  is  best  known  as  the  director  of  the  Broolclyn  Listitute  of  Arts  and  Sciences, 
and  a  biography  of  him  is  given  in  connection  with  the  sketch  of  that  institution  in  this  chapter. 

A.  Augustus  Healy  is  another  member  who  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Boody  in  1892.  He  is  prominent 
in  poHtical  circles,  and  a  sketch  of  him  is  given  in  connection  with  the  Brooklyn  Democratic  Club. 

William  H.  Harkness,  who  is  a  wail-paper  merchant,  was  appointed  to  the  board  in  1879.  Robert  A. 
Black,  M.  D.,  is  a  practising  physician,  who  was  appointed  in  July,  1890.  Arthur  S.  Somers,  who  was 
appointed  in  1892,  is  in  the  color  manufacturing  business.  George  Straub  has  served  since  1889.  He  is 
a  builder.  A.  C.  Aubery  is  a  lawyer,  whose  service  dates  from  1888.  Thomas  CACcroLA,the  Italian  mem- 
ber, was  appointed  by  Mayor  Chapin.  He  is  a  lawyer.  John  J.  Cashman,  appointed  in  March,  1892,  is  a 
builder.  John  Harrigan,  M.  D.,  was  appointed  in  1883.  Arthur  R.  Jarrett,  M.  D.,  was  appointed  in 
1888.  Anton  Schimmel,  appointed  in  1891,  is  an  agent.  Thomas  Moran  was  appointed  in  1892.  He  is 
a  boatman.  Jasper  Murphy  is  a  shipwright,  who  received  appointment  in  1890.  John  D.  Walsh, 
appointed  in  1892,  is  a  contractor.  John  W.  \Veber  was  appointed  in  1889,  and  is  a  brewer.  T.  McCants 
Stewart,  the  only  colored  member,  is  a  lawyer,  and  was  appointed  in  April,  1891. 

WiLLL\M  H.  Maxwell,  the  active  head  of  our  educational  system,  was  elected  associate  superin- 
tendent in  October,  1882.  He  was  chosen  superintendent  of  public  instruction  in  1887  by  the  unanimous 
vote  of  the  board  of  education  to  fill  the  une.xpired  term  for  which  Calvin  Patterson  had  been  elected.  In 
July,  1888,  he  was  reelected  for  the  full  term  of  three  years,  and  a  similar  recognition  of  his  worth  occurred 
a  second  time  in  1891.  The  advantages  which  accrued  to  the  public  through  Mr.  Ma.xwell's  tenure  of  this 
particular  post  have  been  many.  He  has  been  the  adviser  of  the  board  in  the  important  revisions  and 
extensions  of  the  course  of  study  in  the  training  school  and  the  girls'  and  boys'  high  schools.  Under  his 
direction  object  teaching  has  been  introduced  in  the  schools,  and  he  is  responsible  for  the  adoption  of  a 
system  of  drawing  much  less  mechanical  and  more  attractive  than  that  which  it  superseded.  Toward  the 
close  of  1891,  on  Mr.  Maxwell's  recommendation,  a  most  important  step  was  taken  to  improve  the  work  of 
teaching  by  the  adoption  of  a  rule  which  provided  that  all  teachers  without  satisfactory  experience  who  pass 
the  preliminary  examination  must  either  render  substitute  service,  satisfactory  to  the  superintendent,  for 
one  hundred  days,  or  must  take  the  regular  course  in  the  training  school  before  receiving  the  lowest  grade 
of  certificate.  William  H.  Maxwell  was  born  on  March  5,  1852,  at  Stewartstown,  County  Tyrone,  Ireland. 
His  father,  who  was  the  Rev.  John  Maxwell,  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  at  Brigh,  prepared  him  for 
college  after  he  had  received  his  elementary  education  at  the  local  national  school.  In  1868  he  was  matri- 
culated at  Queen's  College,  Galway,  one  of  the  three  colleges  that  constituted  the  Queen's  University  ; 
immediately  upon  his  entrance  he  won  the  prize  which  Sir  Robert  Peel  had  established  for  English  composi- 
tion, and  by  competitive  examination  he  secured  the  first  of  five  literary  scholarships.  His  success  was 
remunerative  enough  to  pay  his  entire  collegiate  expenses.  He  stood  first  in  Latin  and  logic  in  the 
tripartite  examination  for  a  Bachelor's  degree  at  Dublin  in  competition  with  all  the  students  of  the  colleges 
at  Belfast,  Cork  and  Gahvay.  He  received  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts  with  honors  in  ancient  classics  in 
1872  and  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts  with  similar  honors  in  1874.  Immediately  upon  receiving  the  degree 
of  Bachelor  of  Arts  he  was  appointed  Professor  of  English  literature  and  history  in  the  Ladies'  Collegiate 
Institute  at  Belfast  and  became  one  of  the  sub-masters  of  the  Royal  Academic  Institution;  these  are  the  two 
largest  schools  of  high  school  grade  in  Ireland.  In  1874  he  came  to  America.  After  spending  some  time  in 
Philadelphia  he  moved  to  New  York  and  within  a  few  months  made  his  home  in  Brooklyn.  Failing  to  obtain 
employment  as  a  teacher  he  engaged  in  journalism.  He  held  situations  in  New  York  on  the  reportorial  staffs 
of  the  Evening  Afail,  Tribune,  and  Herald.  He  was  assistant  editor  on  a  weekly  paper  known  as  the  Metro- 
politan, and  for  five  years  he  was  managing  editor  of  the  Brooklyn  Times.  While  employed  in  this  last  capac- 
ity he  was  asked  to  teach  and  deliver  lectures  in  literature  and  history  before  the  two  evening  high  schools. 
Mr.  Maxwell  is  the  author  of  three  school  text-books  which  have  a  very  large  circulation,  but  his  most 
important  work,  perhaps,  has  been  in  inciting  the  teachers  under  his  immediate  supervision  to  study  not  only 
professional  literature,  but  also  general  literature,  science  and  art.  In  September,  1892,  Mr.  Maxwell  was 
elected  president  of  the  department  of  pedagogy  of  the  Brooklyn  Institute  ;  he  was  appointed  a  member 
of  the  committee  of  ten  for  the  organization  of  congresses  in  connection  with  the  World's  Fair  in  1893  ;  and 
he  is  a  member  of  the  advisory  board  appointed  by  the  state  authorities  on  the  exhibit  of  school  work 
from  New  York  state. 

Edward  G.  Ward,  the  senior  associate  superintendent  of  public  instruction,  is  a  native  of  the  Eastern 
District  and  is  a  descendant  from  an  old  colonial  family  which  was  prominent  in  Connecticut  before  the 
Revolution;  his  great-grandfather  served  in  the  patriot  army  and  his  grandfather  was  a  soldier  of  1812. 
During  and  since  the  Revolution  the  family  has  lived  in  New  York  and  two  of  his  brothers  served  in  the 
union  army;  but  his  father  would  not  allow  Edward  to  follow  their  example.  He  was  born  on  June  18,  1843. 
At  the  early  age  of  five  years  he  became  a  pupil  at  a  public  school  in  New  York  and  subsequently  attended 


EDUCATIONAL   INSTITUTIONS. 


725 


school  in  Hoboken,  N.  J.  His  genius  for  teaching  was  made  evident  when  he  was  ten  years  old  by  his 
gathering  together  the  younger  children  of  the  neighborhood  for  instruction.  When  he  was  only  twelve 
years  old  he  was  teacher  of  the  lowest  grammar  grade  in  Hoboken,  becoming  vice-principal  at  the  a-e  of 
seventeen.  Until  he  was  twenty  years  old  he  studied  and  taught  and  at  the  same  time  took  an  active 
interest  in  athletic  sports,  becoming  a  noted  player  of 
base  ball.    Resigning  his  position  as  teacher  he  took 

a  partial   course  at  the   New   Jersey  State  Normal  r^  .    --     -  -^  - 

School  and  then  resumed  teaching,  continuing  his 
studies  privately;  he  was  the  principal  of  Hoboken's 
first  evening  school  when  he  was  twenty-one  years 
old.  In  the  same  year  he  married  Miss  Sarah  McCain, 
of  Newburgh,  N.  Y.  Although  his  salary  at  this  time 
was  only  $800  a  year,  he  refused  to  give  up  teaching 
to  accept  an  offer  of  $1,500  a  year  for  his  services 
as  pitcher  in  the  first  professional  base  ball  club. 
In  1868  he  became  principal  of  grammar  school  No. 
I,  Bergen,  N.  J.,  which  soon  became  No.  1 1  of  Jersey 
City.  P"or  several  years  he  was  an  instructor  in  the 
Jersey  City  Normal  School,  and  in  1879  he  was  elected 
as  principal  of  No.  19,  Brooklyn,  solely  on  his  record 
as  a  teacher.  He  was  elected  to  his  present  posi- 
tion in  1885. 

John  H.  Walsh,  associate  superintendent  of 
public  instruction,  was  born  in  Brooklyn  on  March 
17,  1853,  and  was  educated  in  this  city  at  St.  James' 
Cathedral  school  in  Jay  street  and  at  St.  Francis' 
Academy;  he  took  a  full  course  at  St.  Francis  Xavier's 
College  in  New  York  and  afterwards  entered  the 
famous  college  at  Georgetown,  D.  C.  From  this  in- 
stitution he  was  graduated  in  1873  after  taking  the 
complete  arts  course.  He  is  a  graduate  of  the  Col- 
umbia College  Law  School  and  successively  occupied 
positions  on  the  faculties  of  Loyola  College  at  Baltimore,  Georgetown  College  and  St.  Francis'  College  in 
this  city.  In  September,  1885,  he  was  elected  principal  of  public  school  No.  27  ;  he  was  elected  associate 
superintendent  of  public  instruction  in  January,  1889,  to  fill  out  the  unexpired  term  of  Christopher  Cun- 
ningham, who  had  died  a  short  time  previously.    He  was  reelected  in  July,  1891,  for  the  usual  three  years  term. 

Emerson  W.  Keyes  has  been  connected  with  the  board  of  education  since  1883  in  the  capacity  of  the 
chief  clerk  in  the  office  of  the  superintendent;  he  has  lived  in  the  city  since  1871.  He  has  held  various 
positions  under  the  state  government,  principally  in  relation  to  the  educational  system.  He  was  appointed 
deputy  state  superintendent  of  public  instruction  in  August,  1857,  and  was  acting  superintendent  from 
April,  1861,  until  the  following  February.  He  resigned  in  August,  1865,  to  accept  the  post  of  deputy  state 
superintendent  of  the  banking  department;  this  office  he  occupied  until  April,  1871,  having  in  the  meantime 
transacted  the  duties  of  acting  superintendent  during  the  period  between  November,  1865,  and  February, 
1866.  He  was  the  state  bank  examiner  in  187  i,  1872,  and  1873.  Mr.  Keyes  was  born  at  Jamestown,  Chau- 
tauqua County,  N.  Y.,  on  June  30,  1828.  He  was  graduated  from  the  State  Normal  School  in  March,  1848; 
he  spent  the  greater  part  of  the  succeeding  nine  years  as  a  school  teacher,  and  ne.xt  engaged  for  awhile  in 
mercantile  life.  In  May,  1862,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Albany  County.  In  1868  he  presented  to  the 
legislature  a  "  Special  Report  on  Savings  Banks,"  which  has  since  become  a  standard  authority  on  the 
subject.  "Keyes'  Court  of  Appeals  Reports"  (4  vols.)  and  his  "History  of  the  Savings  Banks  in  the  State 
of  New  York  "  were  both  published  in  187 1.  The  latter  work  was  followed  in  1876  and  1878  by  the  "  History 
of  Savings  Banks  in  the  United  States"  (2  vols.);  in  1879  he  published  in  New  York  the  "Code  of  Public 
Instruction,"  and  in  1892  he  produced  a  work  entitled  "  Principles  of  Civil  Government." 

William  F.  Cunningham,  chief  engineer  of  the  board,  made  a  record  as  an  engineer  during  the 
early  days  of  the  Fire  Department.  He  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  October  29,  1841,  and  attended  the  public 
schools  until  he  was  twelve  years  of  age.  During  the  succeeding  three  years  he  worked  in  the  rope- 
walk  of  Messrs.  Tucker,  Cooper,  Carter  &  Co.,  in  Graham  street.  He  was  then  apprenticed  to  the 
machinists  in  the  establishment  of  James  O.  Morse  &  Gillis  on  John  street,  New  York,  where  he  remained 
until  1859.  The  year  i860  found  him  in  the  employ  of  the  New  Haven  Machine  Co.,  where  he  worked  at 
the   manufacture  of  machinists'  tools.      In   1861  he  entered  the  Brooklyn  volunteer  fire  department  and 


Edward  G.  Ward. 


726 


THE    EAGLE   AND    BROOKLYN. 


engir 


William  F.  Cunningham. 


was  appointed  engineer  of  engine  company  No.  7-  He  was  with  that  company  until  1869,  when  he  joined 
the  New  York  metropolitan  fire  department.  One  year  later  he  returned  to  Brooklyn  and  was  made 
ineer  of  engine  No.  6.      When  the  paid  fire  department  was  organized  he  remodeled  and  fitted  up  the 

first  engine  used  under  the  new  regime.  In  1870  he  was  appointed  as 
inspector  of  boilers  and  served  for  three  years.  He  was  appointed  as 
chief  engineer  of  the  board  of  education  on  January  6,  1874,  which  is  his 
present  position.  Mr.  Cunningham  is  the  inventor  and  patentee  of  a 
safety  column  for  boilers  ;  a  vacuum  and  safety  valve  ;  a  drinking  fountain, 
aiul  an  outside  weather  strip,  all  of  which  are  in  use  in  the  various  depart- 
ments of  the  board.  He  is  a  Democrat  and  a  staunch  upholder  of  Demo- 
cratic tenets,  but  is  not  over  active  in  the  political  field. 

l.\iiES  \V.  N.AUG HTON,  the  superintendent  of  buildings  of  the  board 
of  education,  was  born  in  Ireland  in  the  year  1840  and  came  to  this  coun- 
try with  his  parents  in  1848,  becoming  a  resident  of  the  fourth  ward.  He 
was  educated  at  public  and  private  schools,  including  a  small  private  school 
presided  over  by  Henry  McCloskey,  subsequently  editor  of  the  Eagle. 
At  the  age  of  fourteen,  on  the  death  of  his  father,  he  left  school  and  secured 
a  place  in  the  drygoods  house  of  Svveetzer  &  Bro.,  on  Atlantic  street.  A 
year  later  he  started  west,  and  shortly  after  his  arrival  in  Milwaukee,  Wis., 
he  became  an  apprentice  with  J.  &  A.  Douglass,  architects  and  builders 
of  that  city.  Four  years  later,  having  completed  his  apprenticeship,  he 
entered  the  State  University  in  Madison,  Wis.,  where  he  continued  his  studies  until  1861,  when  he  returned 
to  Brooklyn,  located  again  in  the  sixth  ward  and  engaged  in  building,  con- 
tinuing his  architectural  studies  at  Cooper  Institute  after  working  hours. 
In  187 1  Mr.  Naughton  was  elected  supervisor  of  the  ward,  and  served  in 
the  position  during  1872-3.  In  1874  he  was  appointed  superintendent  of 
buildings  for  the  city,  in  which  position  he  served  for  two  years.  When 
the  office  of  superintendent  of  construction  and  repairs  for  the  county 
was  created  in  1877,  he  was  appointed  to  the  position.  In  1879  he  resigned 
to  take  his  present  position,  since  which  time  he  has  made  school  archi- 
tecture a  special  study  ;  more  than  two-thirds  of  all  the  public  school 
buildings  in  the  city,  numbering  more  than  one  hundred,  have  been  con- 
structed after  his  plans,  and  under  his  personal  supervision.  These  have 
been  pronounced  by  competent  judges  to  stand  second  to  none  in  any  city 
in  the  country  in  design,  appointments  and  workmanship;  in  the  expendi- 
ture of  four  million  dollars  for  their  construction  less  than  eight  thousand 
dollars  have  been  paid  fur  e.xtra  work,  caused  by  changes  in  plans  or  any 
cause  outside  of  the  original  contract  prices.  Mr.  Naughton  is  married 
and  with  his  wife  and  three  children  resides  at  334  Clinton  street.  He  is 
a  Democrat  in  politics. 

Albert  S.  Caswell,  the  director  of  music,  is  a  native  of  New  Jersey, 
stands  in  the  front  rank  of  musical  instructors  and  skilled  performers  in  this  city.     In  September,  1876,  he 

was  appointed  upon  the  musical  staff  of  the  board  of  education,  and  on 
March  27,  1880,  was  promoted  to  the  position  of  director.  He  at  once 
began  to  systematize  the  methods  of  instruction  and  established  a  regular 
course  of  study.  Shortly  after  his  appointment,  he  made  a  special  visit  to 
England  and  Scotland  to  investigate  the  systems  in  use  there  and  received 
special  aid  from  the  distinguished  composer  Dr.  John  HuUah.  He  revised 
and  improved  the  course  and  stimulated  the  work  of  the  teachers  and  pupils 
by  frequent  tests,  including  semi-annual  examinations  held  under  his  super- 
vision in  all  the  schools.  In  November,  1882,  a  further  important  reform 
was  made  by  requiring  critical  public  examinations  of  all  applicants  for 
appointinent  as  music  teachers,  and  no  appointments  have  since  been  made 
by  the  board  save  from  the  list  of  persons  duly  licensed  by  the  director  of 
music.  Mr.  Caswell  has  been  director  of  music  and  organist  at  St.  Stephen's 
Roman  Catholic  Church  since  May,  i,  1887  ;  and  instructor  of  the  vocal 
class  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  since  October  i,  1880.  In 
October,  i88i,he  organized  the  Brooklyn  Cecilian,  and  the  gratuitous  instruc- 
tion given  its  members  has  greatly  promoted  the  interest  in  music  and  has 
been  a  prime  factor  in  encouraging  its  study  generally  throughout  the  city. 


James  \V.  Naughton. 
He  is  in  the  prime  of  life  and 


ALBiiKT  S.  Caswell. 


EDUCATIONAL    INSTITUTIONS. 


727 


Walter  S.  Goodnough,  the  supervisor  of  drawing,  is  a  native  of  Boston  and  received  his  early  educa- 
tion in  the  schools  of  that  city.     On  completion  of  his  public  school  course  he  was  engaged  for  nearly  three 
years  as  a  reporter  on  a  trade  paper  which  he  left  to  prepare  for  general  teaching.     He  was  graduated  from 
the  State  Normal  School  at  Bridgewater,  Mass.,  after  a  two  years'  course.     While  he  was  a  student  there 
the  Massachusetts  legislature  passed  the  law  requiring  drawing  as  a  regular  study  in  all  the  public  schools 
of  the  state,  and  reciuiring  the  establishment  of  free  evening  art  schools  in  every  city  of  10,000  inhabitants. 
He  gave  to  this  subject  all  the  attention  his  other  work  would  permit,  determining,  near  the  close  of  his 
course,  to  make  it  a  specialty.     After  his  graduation  he  went  to  Prof.  Walter  Smith,  who  had  been  ap- 
pointed as  state  director  of  art  education  in  Massachusetts  and  director  of  drawing  in  the  Boston  public 
schools,  and  studied  under  his  direction.     On  Prof.  Smith's  recommendation  he  w^as  appointed  as  teacher  of 
drawing  in  the  State  Normal  School  in  Salem,  the  largest  school  in  Massachusetts.     As  soon  as  the  State 
Normal  Art  School  was  established  in  Boston  he  entered  it  as  a  student,  continuing  his  work  at  Salem. 
He  obtained  his  certificate  at  the  end  of  the  first  year's  work  ;  and  he  was  the  first  secretary  (jf  the  Massa- 
chusetts Art  Teachers'  Association.     In  September,  1874,  he  became  supervisor  of  drawing  in  the  public 
schools  of  Columbus,   Ohio,  and  in    1878  he  was  elected  by   the  Columbus  Art  Association  to  organize 
and  act  as  director  of  the  Columbus  Art  School,  which  position  he  held,  in  addition  to  that  in  the  public 
schools,  until  January,  i8gi,  when  he  took  his  present  position  in  Brooklyn.     He  was  one  of  the  organizers 
of  the  Art  Department  of  the  National  Educational  Association  in   1883,  and  president  of  the  department 
in  1886.     For  a  number  of  years  he  lectured  on  "  Methods  of  Teaching  Drawing  "  in  many  county  insti- 
tutes in  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania,  in  the  Summer  School  of  Methods  at  Martha's  Vineyard  in   1888,  and  the 
Interstate  Summer  School  of  Methods  held  in  four  states  in  1890.     One  of  his  most  important  services  was 
as  commissioner  of  the  department  of  fine  arts  of  the  Ohio  Centennial  E.xposition  in  1887-88. 

Calvin  Patterson  for  the  past  ten  years  has 
been  generally  known  as  a  most  efficient  worker  in 
our  public  school  system.  His  father,  Calvin  Colton 
Patterson,  was  one  of  the  pioneer  farmers  of  western 
New  York.  Born  and  bred  on  a  farm,  but  receiving 
a  liberal  education  in  the  Brockport  Collegiate  Insti- 
tute and  the  University  of  Rochester,  Mr.  Patterson 
was  appointed,  at  the  age  of  twenty-one,  principal  of 
a  large  public  grammar  school  in  the  city  of  Roches- 
ter. He  held  this  position  one  year,  resigning  to  take 
a  position  as  associate  principal  in  the  Buffalo  Classi- 
cal School.  Three  years  later  he  was  made  professor 
of  mathematics  in  the  Buffalo  State  Normal  School, 
and  assisted  in  its  organization.  In  1873  he  was 
invited  to  the  principalship  of  the  old  Degraw  street 
school  in  this  city.  Under  his  management  this 
school  in  nine  years  more  than  doubled  its  numbers. 
During  this  period  he  also  successfully  organized 
the  first  evening  high  school.  His  work  in  these 
positions  so  favorably  impressed  the  board  of  edu- 
cation that  in  1882  he  was  elected  as  superintendent 
of  public  instruction.  Mr.  Patterson's  able  adminis- 
tration during  the  five  years  he  held  this  position  is 
well  known  to  the  citizens  of  Brooklyn.  In  1887  the 
friends  of  higher  education  persuaded  him  to  accept 
the  principalship  of  the  Central  School,  offering  as 
one  of  the  inducements  the  largest  salary  then  paid 
to  any  high  school  principal  in  the  United  States. 
He  at  once  planned  to  make  an  independent  school  of  the  boys'  department,  d.^ng  much  to  persuade  the 
board  of  education  to  erect  the  magnificent  building  the  school  now  occupies  on  Marcy  avenue.  Mr. 
Patterson  retains  the  principalship  of  the  girls'  high  school  on  Nostrand  avenue,  which  under  h,s  direction 
has  grown  to  be  the  largest  in  America.  o  u 

Alec.  G.  McAllister,  principal  of  the  boys'  high  school,  was  born  in  Boston,  October  17,  1849.  He 
prepared  for  college  in  the  town  of  Melrose,  Mass.,  and  at  the  age  of  nineteen  entered  I  uft  s  College,  Med- 
ford,  where  he  was  graduated  in   1872.      He  was  appointed  principal  of  the  high  school  at  Chelmsford 


Calvin  Patterson. 


Mass.,  in  which  capacity  he  served  for  three  years 


He  then  declined  to  accept  an  offer  of  the  position  of 


principal  of  the  high  school  at  Nashua,  N.  H.  ;  and  connected  himself  with  the  New  York  Illustrated  Press. 


728 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


Weakness  of  the  eyes  compelled  him  to  return  to  his  former  calling,  and  he  accepted  an  appointment  as 
principal  in  Warwick  High  School,  Orange  County,  N.  Y.,  where  he  worked  faithfully  for  eleven  years.  In 
the  winter  of  1885  he  associated  himself  with  the  Brooklyn  high  school  as  instructor  in  English.  When 
the  girls  took  possession  of  the  new  building  on  Nostrand  avenue,  1886,  he  was  made  acting  principal  of  the 
boys''  department,  and  in  February,  1891,  when  the  two  schools  were  separated,  he  was  appointed  as  princi- 
pal of  the  bovs'  high  school. 

Walter's.  Gunnison,  A.  M.,  Ph.  D.,  principal  of  school  No.  19,  E.  D.,  was  born  in  Abington,  Mass.,  in 
1852.  When  he  was  about  five  years  old  his  father,  a  prominent  Universalist  minister,  became  American 
consul  at  Halifax,  N.  S.,  and  Mr.  Gunnison's  boyhood  was  spent  in  that  old  town  until  the  time  came  for 
sending  him  away  to  school.  The  school  chosen  was  the  Westbrook  Seminary,  Deering,  Me.,  and  he  was 
graduated  with  credit  in  187 1.  Then  he  entered  the  St.  Lawrence  University,  Canton,  N.  Y.,  taking  the 
classical  course,  being  graduated  in   1875.     He  was  immediately  elected  assistant  professor  of  the  Latin 

language  and  literature,  and  in  the  following  year 
was  elected  to  the  full  professorship,  which  he  held 
until  his  departure  for  Brooklyn,  ten  years  later.  As 
vice-president  of  the  University — he  was  elected  to 
that  office  in  1883 — he  did -yeoman  service  in  the 
work  of  raising  very  much  needed  funds.  Mean- 
while, in  addition  to  his  other  acquirements  and  occu- 
pations, he  read  law  in  the  office  of  .\tt(jrney-General 
Leslie  W.  Russell,  in  Canton,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1882.  The  work  of  teaching  suited  him  best, 
and  in  1885  he  was  appointed  to  the  principalship  of 
public  school  No.  19  in  the  Eastern  District,  left  va- 
cant by  the  advancement  of  E.  G.  Ward  to  the  post 
of  associate  superintendent.  Coming  to  one  of  the 
oldest  grammar  schools  in  the  city  where  the  memory 
of  a  man  so  able  and  so  well-beloved  as  the  late 
j^  Thomas  ^V.  Valentine  was  still  fondly  cherished,  Mr. 

I  Gunnison  adapted  himself  to  his  new  surroundings 

^  with  such  good  will  and  cordial  friendliness  that  in 

a  very  short  time  it  seemed  as  if  he  had  always  been 
I  there.     His  new  associates  found  him  firm  but  never 

intolerant,  and  equally  free  from  tiresome  pedantry 
and  exasperating  dogmatism.  Never  neglecting  his 
immediate  charge,  no  educational  movement  fails  to 
attract  him.  He  was  chairman  of  the  executive 
committee  of  New  York  State  Teachers'  Association 
in  1889,  and  to  his  energy  and  good  management  the 
magnificent  success  of  the  three  days'  convention, 
held  in  Brooklyn  in  1890,  was  largely  due.  Very  properly  he  was  chosen  president  of  the  association 
for  the  ensuing  year.  He  is  an  active  working  member  of  the  various  organizations  of  teachers  for  pro- 
fessional advancement  that  exist  in  this  city  of  churches  and  schools.  At  present  he  is  much  interested 
in  the  department  of  pedagogy  of  the  Brooklyn  Institute,  and  is  chairman  of  the  committee  on  the  work 
of  the  kindergarten.  In  all  these  various  relations  Mr.  Gunnison's  co-laborers  have  always  found  him 
"pleasant  to  serve  under  "  and  "  pleasant  to  serve  with."  When  partisan  fervor  is  demanded  he  is  not  back- 
ward, but  with  its  warmth  he  unites  the  liberal  judgment  of  a  sound  and  generous  mind.  He  is  a  man  of 
fine  presence  and  attractive  manner.  In  all  respects  he  is  an  admirable  representative  of  the  teaching 
body,  and  one  of  whom  his  fellows  are  justly  proud. 

Leonard  Dunkly,  of  public  school  No.  16,  is  the  recognized  Nestor  of  Brooklyn  principals;  and  if  the 
measure  of  a  teacher's  success  is  the  number  of  children  he  has  developed  into  good  citizens,  then  Mr. 
Dunkly  is  one  of  the  greatest  modern  educators.  Two  generations  have  felt  the  impulse  of  his  work,  and 
hundreds  of  men  and  women  in  every  department  of  life  acknowledge  their  indebtedness  to  his  personal  in- 
fluence, and  continue  to  profit  by  his  stores  of  learning.  To  rare  insight  into  the  true  aims  of  education  he 
adds  great  organizing  and  administrative  power.  He  is  not  dependent  on  old  methods  of  instruction  nor 
forward  in  adopting  new  ones;  yet  his  keen  judgment,  fine  sense  of  practicability,  and  matchless  skill  in 
adaptation  have  made  his  school  famous.  It  is  a  well-known  fact  that,  for  more  than  twenty  years,  teachers 
coming  from  every  state  in  the  Union  to  investigate  the  best  metropolitan  methods,  have  been  directed  to 
the  Wilson  street  school.      Mr.  Dunkly 's  ability  as  a  pedagogical  leader  has  found  frequent  recognition; 


Walter  B.  Gunnison. 


EDUCATIONAL    INSTITUTIONS.  729 

but  large  salaries,  high  honors,  prominent  positions  in  this  and  other  cities  have  been  offered  to  him  in  vain. 
His  life  is  devoted  to  the  advancement  of   the  model  school  which  his  genius  has  created. 

William  M.  Jelliffe,  pruicipal  of  school  No.  45,  was  born  in  Darien,  Conn.,  in  1835,  and  came  to  New 
York  about  1840.  He  was  educated  at  the  public  schools  there  and  entered  the  city  college  (then  known  as 
the  Free  Academy)  in  1849.  In  1852  he  began  teaching,  and  after  passing  through  the  different  grades  in 
day  and  evening  schools,  was  vice-principal  for  seven  years.  He  was  appointed  principal  of  No.  8,  Brooklyn, 
in  1863  and  was  transferred  to  No.  4,  in  Ryerson  street,  in  1870.  In  1888,  the  grammar  school  wis  removed 
to  the  new  school,  No.  45,  in  Lafayette  avenue.  He  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Pedagogy  from  the 
New  York  University.  Dr.  Jelliffe  is  perhaps  most  widely  known  through  his  elocutionary  work  on  the 
platform,  in  the  evening  high  schools  and  in  large  private  classes  of  teachers  and  other  persons  during  the 
past  twenty-five  years.     School  No.  45  ranks  among  the  first  in  the  city. 

B.  Y.  CoNKLiN,  principal  of  school  No.  3,  has  been  a  teacher  for  forty  years,  and  for  thirty-seven  years 
he  has  been  identified  with  the  public  schools  in  New  York  and  Brooklyn.  His  earliest  schooling  was  at  a 
private  academy  at  Southold,  L.  I.,  where  he  was  born  in  1831.  P^rom  Southold  he  went  to  New  York  city, 
and  was  graduated  from  the  Saturday  Normal  School.  He  began  teaching  in  Southold  in  1852,  and  in  1855 
became  an  instructor  in  public  school  No.  34,  in  New  York  city,  remaining  thirteen  years,  the  last  live  of 
which  he  served  as  vice-principal.  In  April,  1868,  he  was  appointed  principal  of  public  school  No.  5,  in  this 
city.  For  ten  years  he  served  as  the  head  of  that  school,  and  in  October,  1878,  he  was  appointed  to  his 
present  position.  Mr.  Conklin  is  the  author  of  "  Conklin's  Grammar  and  Composition,"  a  treatise  in  popu- 
lar use  in  the  schools.  He  is  a  man  of  scholarship  and  managerial  tact,  and  is  esteemed  as  a  citizen  as  well 
as  in  his  profession. 

James  Cruikshank,  LL.B.,  principal  of  school  No.  12  and  of  the  evening  high  school,  was  born  at 
Argyle,  Washington  County,  N.  Y.,  in  1831,  and  removed  with  his  family  to  St.  Lawrence  County,  when  eight 
years  old.  He  was  graduated  from  Union  College,  in  the  class  of  185  i,  and  in  1853,  in  conjunction  with 
his  brother,  established  a  boarding  school  on  Long  Island.  From  1855  until  1866  Dr.  Cruikshank  was  chief 
clerk  in  the  department  of  public  instruction,  in  Brooklyn,  and  during  the  same  period  served  as  director 
and  lecturer  in  the  State  Teachers'  Institute.  For  eleven  years,  from  1856  to  1867,  he  edited  the  N'ew  York 
Teacher,  the  official  organ  of  the  Teachers'  Association  and  of  the  department  of  public  instruction.  Dur- 
ing the  period  between  1866  and  1872,  when  he  occupied  the  position  of  associate  superintendent  of  the 
Brooklyn  public  schools.  Dr.  Cruikshank  systematized  work  in  the  primary  grammar  grades,  prepared 
courses  of  study  and  held  weekly  meetings  for  the  instruction  of  teachers.  He  resigned  after  his  seventh 
reappointment,  and  in  June,  1875,  was  made  principal  of  public  school  No.  12.  He  began  his  connection 
with  the  evening  high  school  in  the  same  year,  as  lecturer  on  English  literature  and  history.  After 
lecturing  for  two  years  he  was  appointed  principal.  Dr.  Cruikshank  has  been  president  of  the  State 
Teachers'  Association,  and  was  its  corresponding  secretary  for  seventeen  years.  He  was  one  of  the  organ- 
izers of  the  National  Educational  Association,  founded  in  1857,  and  at  various  times  he  has  been  its  secre- 
tary, treasurer,  vice-president,  a  member  of  its  board  of  councilors  and  president  of  the  elementary 
department. 

"William  L.  Felter,  principal  of  school  No.  15,  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  on  December  5,  1862,  and  was 
graduated  at  the  head  of  his  class,  in  school  No.  34,  in  1877.  He  was  graduated  at  the  College  of  the  City 
of  New  York,  in  1883,  being  tenth  iti  a  class  of  forty-five,  and  taking  prizes  in  history,  belles-lettres  and 
public  debating.  He  has  been  teacher  in  grammar  school  No.  35,  New  York,  and  vice-principal  of  grammar 
school  No.  29.  In  June,  1887,  he  was  appointed  principal  of  intermediate  school  No.  63,  in  Brooklyn,  and 
two  years  later  was  promoted  to  his  present  position.  For  three  years  he  has  also  had  charge  of  the 
department  of  rhetoric  and  English  literature  in  evening  high  school  No.  i.  Mr.  Felter  is  vice-president  of 
the  Brooklyn  Principals'  Association  and  financial  secretary  of  the  Brooklyn  Teachers'  Aid  Association. 
He  also  holds  the  chairmanship  of  the  committee  on  manual  training  of  the  department  of  pedagogy, 
Brooklyn  Institute. 

John  MicKLEiiOROUGH,  Ph.  D.,  principal  of  school  No.  9,  was  born  in  Canada,  on  November  5,  1840. 
He  attended  the  provincial  Normal  School,  Toronto  ;  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  University,  at  Delaware,  Ohio, 
where  he  received  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts  ;  and  the  De  Pauw  University,  at  Greencastle,  Ind., 
which  conferred  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy  upon  him.  From  October,  1865,  until  March,  1884,  he 
was  connected  with  the  public  school  system  of  Cincinnati,  and  was  principal  of  the  Cincinnati  Normal 
School  for  si.x  years.  He  was  vice-president  of  the  Cincinnati  Society  of  Natural  History,  a  member  of  the 
publishing  committee  of  the  society's  journal  and  curator  of  the  Museum  of  Paleontology.  His  Brooklyn 
career  began  with  his  election,  in  1885,  as  a  teacher  in  the  central  grammar  school.  In  December  of  the 
same  year  he  was  appointed  as  principal  of  public  school  No.  9,  his  present  office.  He  is  president  of  the 
zoological  department  of  the  Brooklyn  Institute. 

Seth  Thayer  Stewart,  principal  of  school  No.  78,  was  born   in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  in  1850,  and  was 


73° 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


o-raduated  at  Yale  in  1S73  ;  he  tdok  first  rank  in  mathematics  and  astronomy,  and  became  known  as  an 
excellent  private  tutor.  After  nine  years  service  as  an  instructor  of  the  higher  mathematics  elsewhere,  he 
succeeded  Calvin  Patterson  as  principal  of  school  No.  13,  Brooklyn,  in  May,  1882,  and  in  March,  1889,  he 
was  transferred  to  school  No.  78.  For  about  si.\  years  he  was  principal  of  evening  school  No.  35.  He  has 
organized  much  of  the  work  of  the  Brooklyn  Teachers'  Association,  having  been  its  president  and  chair- 
man of  many  of  its  important  committees.  In  addition  to  his  labors  as  a  teacher  he  has  written  a  number 
of  text-books  and  he  was  the  first  to  begin  in  this  country  an  organized  movement  for  university  extension. 
This  work  he  carried  to  a  point  at  which  the  state  of  New  York  took  it  up,  he  having  spent  about  $4,000 
of  his  own  money  in  the  eft"ort.  One  of  the  immediate  outgrcjwths  of  his  labors  was  the  Schoolmasters' 
Club  of  New  \'i)rk  and  vicinity.  In  the  Teachers'  Provident  Association  of  the  United  States  he  holds 
the  position  of  a  director.  He  is  a  trustee  of  the  New  York  Avenue  M.  E.  Church  and  secretary  of  the 
board  of  trustees  ;  and  he  is  a  manager  of  the  Brooklyn  Church  Society  of  the  M.  E.  Church.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Union  League  Club  of  Pirooklyn.  A\'hile  teaching  in  New  York  he  completed  the  law 
course  at  Columbia  College  and  received  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Laws. 

WiLLi.AM  S.  Mills,  principal  of  school  No.  75,  was  born  in  Franklin  County,  Ohio,  in  1850.  He 
attended  the  schools  of  Joliet,  111.,  both  public  and  private,  during  the  winter  terms,  until  he  was  eighteen 
years  old,  when  he  began  teaching.  In  1870  he  entered  the  State  Normal  University  of  Illinois,  where  he 
was  graduated  in  1875.  ^^  ''^"•-^^  superintendent  of  schools  in  West  Joliet  from  1876  until  1880.  Then  he 
moved  to  New  York  city  and  entered  Columbia  Collge  and  was  graduated  as  Bachelor  of  Laws  in  1882. 
The  next  five  years  were  spent  in  study,  and  in  1887  he  became  principal  of  school  No.  49,  Brooklyn.  He 
took  charge  of  No.  75  on  the  completion  of  the  new  building  in  October,  1889. 

ACADEMICAL,  SPECIAL    AND    PRIVATE    INSTITUTIONS. 


In  addition  to  the  excellent  public 
school  system,  Brooklyn  affords  excep- 
tional educational  advantages  through 
her  collegiate  institutions  and  private 
schools  of  the  first  rank.  In  the  early 
days  there  was  doubtless  now  and 
then  some  poor  settler  who  was  glad 
to  impart  the  remnants  of  his  scanty 
education  to  the  youth  of  the  place  in 
consideration  of  a  meagre  fee,  but  the 
free  schools  supplied  for  the  most  part 
the  needs  of  the  settlement  during 
the  Dutch  period,  and  it  is  not  until 
towards  the  end  of  the  last  century 
that  we  find  any  record  of  a  private 
school  being  established.  All  trace 
of  such  early  schools  has  long  since 
passed  away,  and  it  is  mainly  through 
the  cjuaint  advertising  columns  of  the 
old. newspapers  that  their  names  have 
been  preserved.  An  advertisement 
appears  in  1773  of  the  Flatbush  gram- 
mar school,  then  kept  by  one  John 
Cojjp,  where  Latin  and  Greek  were 
taught,  and  boarders  had  "  the  advan- 
tage of  being  taught  geography,  in 
the  winter  evenings,  with  many  other 


BRjOkL-sN  Collegiate  Instetuie  for  Young  Ladies,  1S28, 
iVow  part  oj  the  jMansion  f/oiisf.  Hicks  Street. 

useful  particulars  that  frequently  occur  to  the  teacher."  In  Flatlands  and  New  Lots  there  were  school 
houses  as  early  as  1711,  or  earlier,  but  it  does  not  appear  whether  these  were  private  or  free.  The  news- 
paper slips,  which  belonged  to  (ieneral  Johnson,  and  which  were  probably  cut  from  the  Long  Island 
Courier,  Kiev  to  the  district  schools  already  mentioned  in  Bedford,  Gowanus,  and  at  Brooklyn  Ferry; 
the  following  Item  also  occurs:  "A  beautiful  eminence  to  the  east  of  Brooklyn  Ferry  will  afford  an 
eligible  situation  for  an  academy."  This  was  about  the  year  i8oo,and  reveals  the  fact  that  the  matter 
of  an  institution  for  more  advanced  education  had  already  entered  the  minds  of  the  good  burghers.  In 
Ihomas   Kirk's  Long  Island  Star,  in    the  year    1809,  there    is    an    advertisement  of   George    Hamilton's 


EDUCATIONAL    INSTITUTIONS. 


73' 


>/ 


H 


) 


Greexleaf  Female  In'stitute,  Piekrepon't  an'd  Clinton  Streets. 
This  Buildiui^  is  noiv  a  pari  of  I  lie  House  of  I  he  Broolilyn  Cltib. 

Select  School,  where  "  students  are  taught  to  make  their  own  pens."  In  September  of  the  same  year 
John  Gibbons  announces  that  he  has  established  an  academy  for  both  sexes  at  the  place  lately  occupied 
by  that  of  Hamilton,  whose  successor  he  appears  to  have  been.  He  proposes  to  teach  various  branches  "on 
unerring  principles;  "  and  "Mrs.  Gibbons  will  instruct  little  girls  in  Spelling,  Reading,  Sewing  and  Mark- 
ing." It  was  furthermore  the  intention  to  institute  an  evening  school  for  young  men  :  "  N.  B,,  Good  Pronun- 
ciation." Ten  years  later  the  number  of  such  private  schools  had  grown  materially;  John  Mabon  was  pre- 
ceptor in  the  Brooklyn  Select  Academy  over  which  Joshua  Sands,  S.  Sackett  and  S.  T.  Feltus  presided  as 
trustees.  There  was  an  old  stone  building  opposite  the  "  Corporation  House,"  on  the  east  side  of  the  road, 
known  as  Benjamin  Smith's  Inn  ;  here  on  Christmas  eve,  i8io,  the  scholars  of  Piatt  Kennedy  were  adver- 
tised to  hold  an  exhibition.  It  is  only  in  such  sporadic  and  chance  references  that  we  read  of  the  predeces- 
sors of  the  private  and  semi-private  institutions  existing  to-day,  until  the  year  1786  is  reached,  when  was 
founded  Erasmus  Hall  Academy,  which  still  exists.  Although  this  excellent  school,  the  only  relic  of  the 
earlier  representatives  of  the  class,  is  outside  of  the  city  limits,  its  history  belongs  appropriately  to  Brook- 
lyn, for  many  of  the  city's  most  distinguished  citizens  received  their  education  there,  notably  the  first  Mayor 
of  the  city — the  Hon.  George  Hall.  Coming  down  to  the  present  century,  there  are  several  schools  which 
flourished  for  a  time  and  disappeared  and  whose  names  are  well  remembered  by  older  residents. 
Among  these  is  the  Brooklyn  Collegiate  Institute  for  Young  Ladies,  which  was  situated,  says  its  first  cata- 
logue, "  on  Brooklyn  Heights,  opposite  New  York."  The  originators  were  the  Rev.  Isaac  and  Mr.  J.  Living- 
ston Van  Doren,  who  organized  the  school  in  1828,  having  moved  to  this  city  from  Newark,  N.  J.  The 
building  at  present  occupied  by  the  Mansion  House  on  Hicks  street  was  originally  erected  by  these  gentle- 
men as  the  home  for  their  school.  In  1834  the  school  was  sold  to  Mr.  Charles  W.  Bazeley,  who  conducted 
it  for  about  ten  years,  after  which  it  expired  from  natural  causes.  The  Greenleaf  Female  Institute  will  be 
readily  recalled  to  memory  by  the  older  Brooklynites.  It  was  one  of  the  landmarks  on  the  Heights,  at  the 
corner  of  Clinton  and  Pierrepont  streets,  where  its  site  is  now  occupied  by  the  new  house  of  the  Brooklyn 
Club.  It  was  established  in  1837  at  79  Willow  street,  from  which  place  it  was  removed  to  its  better  known 
location.  During  the  later  years  of  its  history  it  had  two  principals— Alfred  Greenleaf,  its  founder,  and 
Edward  E.  Bradbury,  whom  Mr.  Greenleaf  associated  with  himself.  The  civil  war  and  its  consequent  dis- 
turbances were  the  cause  of  this  school  being  closed.  Eames  and  Putnam's  English  and  Classical  School 
was  organized  in  1831,  and  for  several  years  was  quite  prosperous  ;  and  the  same  is  true  of  Professor  N. 
Cleveland's  school  for  girls,  which  was  conducted  on  Pierrepont  street  from  about  1840  till  1850.  The 
Grecian  Academy  was  formerly  conducted  by  Professor  Metcalf,  on  South  Eighth  street,  WiUiamsburgh, 
between  the  years  1850  and  1855,  as  a  school  for  young  ladies.  On  the  annexation  of  that  district  to  the 
city  of  Brooklyn  and  the  introduction  of  the  public  school  system,  the  school  began  to  decline  and  presently 
ceased  to  exist.  Other  schools  in  later  years  are  known  of,  though  often  the  dates  of  their  existence  are 
unascertainable.     John  Bryon  for  several  years  kept  a  school  on  Nassau  street,  near  Washington.     He  was 


732 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


a  noted  citizen,  and  a  member  of  several  civic  societies  in  his  day.  He  was  succeeded  by  the  Rev.  Samuel 
Seabury,  formerly  his  assistant,  who  moved  the  school  to  an  old  meeting-house  on  the  site  of  the  present  St. 
Ann's  building.  Some  years  after  Bryon's  time  Mr.  B.  W.  Dwight  conducted  a  school  on  Livingston  street, 
near  Clinton.  He  was  a  well-known  figure  in  Brooklyn  streets,  and  his  memory  is  not  yet  extinct.  Julius 
R.  Pomery  kept  a  school  for  boys  at  65  Henry  street,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  his  brother  Daniel,  who 
moved  to  Willow  street.  A.  B.  Morehouse  had  a  very  popular  school  for  young  ladies  in  Clinton  street,  near 
Sackett,  for  many  years.  The  Lawrence  Listitute,  kept  by  the  Misses  Lawrence,  is  also  well  remembered, 
as  is  Prof.  J.  C.  Doremus'  school  for  boys. 

Individual  munificence  has  greatly  enriched  the  city  in  regard  to  institutions  of  a  collegiate  character, 
and  there  are  flourishing  to-day,  within  the  city's  limits,  three  endowed,  non-money-making  institutions  of 
learning  where  the  higher  education  may  be  obtained  at  an  expenditure  which  is  not  by  any  means  com- 
mensurate with  the  actual  cost ;  and  in  addition  to  these  there  are  two  technical  or  special  course  institu- 
tions which  are  conducted  on  a  similarly  public-spirited  plan.  Added  to  them  are  the  Young  Men's  and 
Young  Women's  Christian  Associations  and  similar  organizations  which,  although  primarily  aiming  at 
religious  development,  are  practically  educational  powers.  It  is  owing  to  this  admirable  condition  of  edu- 
cational possibilities  that  private,  money-making  schools  are  few  in  proportion  to  the  population  ;  and  the 
high  standard  fixed  by  the  philanthropic  organizations  has  its  effect  on  the  private  schools  which  do  exist,  of 
impelling  them  to  seek  high  levels  in  order  to  establish  their  worthiness  and  secure  attention. 

ERASMUS  HALL  ACADE5IY,  FLATBUSH. 

In  1786,  Jacob  Lefferts,  Joris  Martense,  Peter  Lefferts,  Johannes  E.  Lott,  Cornelius  Vanderveer, 
John  Vanderbilt,  William  B.  Gifford,  Peter  Cornell,  Matthew  Clarkson,  Aquila  Giles,  John  I.  Vanderbilt  ana 
Garret  Martense,  of  Flatbush,  united  to  establish  an  academy.  They  budded,  at  a  cost  of  $6,250,  an  edifice 
one  hundred  feet  by  thirty-six,  with  a  basement,  two  stories  and  a  high  attic.  It  was  a  great  undertaking 
for  those  times,  for  the  war  of  the  revolution  had  closed  only  three  and  a  half  years  before  and  the  country 
was  burdened  with  debt  and  was  poor.  The  founders  contributed  from  ten  to  one  hundred  pounds  each 
the  pound  of  that  day  being  equal  to  two  and  a  half  dollars.  Aid  was  received  from  New  York  from  such 
notable  men  as  Richard  Varick,  Brockholst  Livingston,  Alexander  Hamilton,  D.  C.  Verplanck,  Waltei 
Rutherford  and  Aaron  Burr,  each  giving  ten  pounds  ;  William  Duer,  Peter  Cornell,  George  Clinton  and 
John  Jay,  each  giving  fifteen  pounds  ;  and  Comfort  Sands,  who  gave  twenty  pounds.  A  wing  was  added  to 
the  structure  in  1826-7,  and  the  original  building  is  still  in  use  by  the  academy.  It  is  one  of  the  oldest  in 
the  county.  The  Reformed  Dutch  Church  gave  a  perpetual  lease  of  the  site,  which  included  three  acres, 
in  consideration  of  twenty-five  pounds  paid  on  December  29,  1797.  As  the  building  did  not  accommodate 
all  the  pupils  who  came  from  a  distance,  the  founders,  who  were  the  first  trustees,  received  them  in  their 
homes  as  boarders.     The  academy  was  incorporated  by  the   regents  of  the  University  of  New  York  on 


Erasmus  Hall  Academy. 


Educational  institutions. 


733 


November  20,  1787.  The  first  principal  was  the  Rev.  John  H.  Livingston,  D.  D.,  a  learned  man  and  famous 
preacher,  Vifho  was  teaching  a  class  of  theological  students  in  the  village,  which  class  was  the  nucleus  of 
the  theological  seminary  of  the  Reformed  Church  at  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.  Among  his  successors  were 
Peter  Wilson,  professor  of  languages  in  Columbia  College,  1792-1804  ;  Joab  G.  Cooper,  afterwards  editor  ot 
Cooper's  "Virgil,"  1804-6,  and  again  in  1817;  Jonathan  W.  Kellogg,  1823-34,  and  the  Rev.  William  H. 
Campbell,  D.  U.,  who  was  president  of  Rutgers  College,  1834-38.  The  average  attendance  of  pupils  dur- 
ing the  century  has  been  about  one  hundred.  At  the  beginning  they  came  from  many  of  the  then  e.visting 
States,  from  the  West  Indies  and  Central  and  South  /America.  This  patronage  from  rem(jte  localities  con- 
tinued until  about  1840.  Many  of  the  graduates  became  distinguished  as  professional  men  and  others  were 
called  to  positions  of  large  financial  responsibility.  At  the  present  time  the  academy  is  in  charge  of  R. 
Arrowsmith,  Ph.  D.,  as  principal  ;  he  is  assisted  by  an  able  corps  of  instructors.  The  trustees  have  decided 
to  erect  a  new  and  more  commodious  school  building  as  soon  as  practicable. 

THE    POLYTECHNIC    INSTITUTE. 

Local  opportunity  for  an  education  higher  than 
that  attainable  by  attendance  at  the  public  schools 
was  afforded  to  the  girls  and  young  women  of  Brook- 
lyn several  years  before  it  was  at  the  command  of 
the  boys  and  young  men.     The  Brooklyn   Female 
Academy  was  opened  in  May,  1845,  and  was  so  suc- 
cessful that  the  lack  of  a  similar  institution  for  boys 
became  conspicuous.     The  matter  of  supplying  this 
evident  need  was  earnestly  discussed  among  several 
large-minded  citizens  and  action  upon  it  was  hastened 
by  what  seemed  to  be  a  calamity.     On  the  morning 
of    January   i,  1853,  the   building   of   the  Brooklyn 
Female  Academy  was  burned  to  the  ground  ;  but  by 
that  strange  evolution  of  good  out  of  evil,  which  has 
been  so  frequently  seen  in  the  history  of  mankind, 
there  sprang  from  the  ashes  two  of  the  noblest  insti- 
tutions that  Brooklyn  possesses — the   Packer  Insti- 
tute and  the   Brooklyn  Collegiate  and   Polytechnic 
Institute.     Both  have  acquired  national  reputation, 
and  while  the  one  is  brilliantly  represented  in  every 
walk  of  life  where  the  modern  woman  emulates  the 
sterner   sex    in    intellectual    activity,  the   other  has 
made  noteworthy  contributions  to  the  ranks  of  men 
who  have    achieved   success  in   business   or  profes- 
sional labors.     The   Brooklyn  Collegiate  and  Poly- 
technic Institute  was  projected  as  an  academy  and 


David  H.  CocHR.-iN,  Ph.  D.,  LL.  D. 


tecnnic  insruuie  was  uiuici-i.cu  0.3  d-  ^^^^^'^-j 

preparatory  school  for  young  men  intending  to  complete  the,r  educat.on  at  the  un,vers,t,es  ;  but  m  much 
E  than  half  a  century  .t  has  outgrown  those  limitations  and  under  its  new  name  of  the  Polytechn.c 
IniiLteof  Brooklyn  h,s  Uself  a  college  vested  with  full  collegiate  privileges  and  powers  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  grand  educational  system  known  as  the  University  of  the  State  of  New  York. 

The  prime  movers  in  agitating  the  project  of  an  academy  for  boys  were  James  Hou  Dr.  .  S  1  home, 
Edward  Tnthony  Cyrus  P.  Sm.th  and  John  H.  Prentice,  who  had  frequently  conferred  w.th  oU.er  gen- 
IZln  u'ZJ  ^o  ■..  On  the  morning  after  the  burning  of  th.  Female  A-c^-ny  Messrs.  How  and 
Prentice  decided  to  invite  Luther  B.  Wyman  and  others  to  attend  a  meetmg  at  Mr.  entice  s  house  to 
L  ide  the  matt  r  and  there  the  first  board  of  trustees  of  the  Brooklyn  Colleg,at.  and  Poly  echn.c  Inst. 
consiuer  tne  niaiLci   a  Parker  to  erect  with  her  own  means  a  new  buiidmg  for  the 

tute  was  chosen.  Ihe  generous  offer  "//^'^^•r;;^';'^;"^^  power  of  the  stockholders  in  that  institution 
Female  Academy,  n.  memory  of  her  husband  plaednn  the  p^  ^^^^  ^^^^^^^^^  ^^_^  ^^^^  ^^^^^^^^^^ 

l::::::Z  T.::::^:t::X^^^  ::::^i:::or  to  d>  rt  ..L  ..  some  otl.r  s,mdar  enterprise, 
builclmgana  tne  saie  01  luc  id         1  u^nnl-lvn  Colleeiate  and  Polytechnic  Institute  was  perma- 

and  the  result  -^ --'-^  f^^^^/tel     er  o  F:male  Icademy,  tur/ed  over  to  John  T.  Martin,  the 

nently  organized,  John  H.  Prentice,  as  treasure  Academv  stock      The  permanent  organization 

treasurer  of  the  new  institute  the  par  va  ue  of  -  ^'.^ffi^^^t h^Jen  were  Isaac'  H.  Frothingham,  presi- 
of  the  board  was  effected  on  J-^'-y  -'  'S54,  and  ^^jl^'^^  ^^^^^  ,^^,^,^^,  ,f  ,,e  board  were  :  J. 
r^  sSa^r  ;rrS;.i  H-B^cSm!!  K^.an,  James  How,  S.  B.  Chittenden,  D.  S.  Landon. 


,  THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 

H.  R.  Worthington,  G.  Harrington,  R.  S.  Tucker,  C.  S.  Baylis,  J.  L.  Putnam  and  G.  S.  Rowland.  On  Janu 
ary  ■'I,  1854,  a  plot'of  ground,  with  one  hundred  and  three  feet  frontage  on  Livingston  street,  and  extend- 
in  o- back  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet,  was  purchased  for  $16,000,  and  the  erection  of  a  building,  from  de- 
sio^ns  by  F.  Peterson,  was  begun  ;  the  edifice  was  completed  and  opened  for  inspection  on  September  6, 
1855,  and  the  institute  was  opened  about  the  middle  of  the  month  with  a  full  corps  of  professors  and 
teachers.  John  H.  Raymond,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  who  had  formerly  been  professor  of  rhetoric  at  Rochester 
University,  was  president  of  the  faculty.  During  that  first  decade  of  the  e.xistence  of  the  institution,  when 
each  formative  influence  put  an  indelible  stamp  upon  its  character,  the  genius  of  Dr.  Raymond  was  most 
strongly  felt  ;  and  he  it  was  who  laid  the  firm  foundations  upon  which  his  successors  have  erected  the  fair 
superstructure  of  to-day.  He  surrendered  his  post  in  1864  to  accept  the  presidency  of  Vassar  College, 
where  again  his  peculiar  skill  as  an  organizer  made  the  cause  of  education  his  debtor.  Soon  after  the 
death  of  Dr.  Raymond,  which  occurred  in  the  summer  of  1878,  there  was  spread  upon  the  records  of  the 
Polytechnic's  board  of  trustees  a  memorial  minute,  of  which  room  is  here  afforded  for  a  brief  e.xcerpt  only  : 
"Methodical,  judicious,  painstaking,  he  gave  to  the  early  years  of  the  institute,  the  years  of  its  unfolding 
and  growth,  the  best  powers  of  a  gifted  mind  and  the  faithfullabors  of  an  earnest  life.  *  *  *  A  genial 
companion,  a  true  and  sincere  friend,  an  educated,  high  minded,  pure  and  patriotic  Christian  gentleman,  a 
trusted  educator  of  the  mind  and  heart  in  all  that  was  generous  and  ennobling,  he  won  our  warmest  love 
and  our  sincerest  esteem  ;  and  his  memory  and  services  wUl  ever  be  held  by  one  and  all  of  his  associates  in 
the  work  of  the  institute,  and  in  the  wider  spheres  of  his  usefulness,  in  grateful  and  cherished  remem- 
brance." 

When  the  institute  was  opened  there  was  a  mortgage  debt  of  $20,000,  a  floating  debt  of  between  $7,000 
and  !g8,ooo,  and  large  obligations  assumed  in  the  appointment  of  the  faculty  and  corps  of  instructors.  For 
some  time  after  the  resignation  of  Dr.  Raymond  the  presidency  was  vacant,  but  the  office  was  eventually 
filled  by  the  selection  of  David  Henry  Cochran,  A.  M.,  Ph.  D.,  LL.  D.,  who  for  ten  years  had  been  principal 
of  the  State  Normal  School  at  Albany.  The  institute  Was  reorganized,  and  important  modifications  were 
made  in  its  arrangements  and  classifications,  in  its  methods  of  teaching  and  of  making  examinations.  The 
executive  ability  of  President  Cochran  and  his  known  scholarship  gave  to  the  institute  both  intellectual 
and  material  strength,  and  coincident  with  the  growth  of  its  reputation  in  the  educational  world  it  was  in 
receipt  of  an  income  more  than  equal  to  its  current  expenses  ;  the  entire  indebtedness  was  paid  off  by  1866, 
and  the  permanent  property  of  the  institute  in  buildings,  fixtures  and  apparatus  had  been  increased  in 
value  more  than  $100,000  before  1880.  In  1869  the  high  character  of  the  work  done  by  the  institute  had 
become  so  apparent  to  the  Regents  of  the  University,  that  they  gave  it  authority  to  confer  the  collegiate 
degrees  of  Bachelor  of  Science  and  Bachelor  of  Arts.  The  institute  has  on  several  occasions  outgrown  its 
accommodations,  and  has  been  obliged  to  deny  admission  to  numbers  of  applicants.  In  1880  an  east  wing 
was  added  to  the  building  at  an  expense  of  $12,000  ;  a  new  laboratory  was  built  in  1882  at  a  cost  of  $8,000  ; 
a  west  wing  was  added  to  the  main  building  at  a  cost  of  $12,000  in  1885  ;  and  in  18S7  an  observatory  was 
built  at  a  cost  of  $3,500.  All  these  improvements  were  made  without  any  assistance  being  asked  or  re- 
ceived from  outside  persons,  and  the  institute  having  been  organized  as  a  private  stock  company  was 
thereby  precluded  from  receiving  any  endowments  or  bequests.  The  institute  had  not  been  designed  to 
make  money  for  its  promoters  and  supporters,  and  its  continual  growth  led  them  to  consider  the  matter  of 
putting  it  upon  a  new  basis.  Accordingly  steps  were  taken  to  surrender  the  charter  under  which  the  insti- 
tute existed  and  to  obtain  a  charter  for  an  institution  of  more  comprehensive  scope  and  with  larger  powers. 
It  was  desired  moreover  to  reorganize  upon  a  basis  that  would  allow  the  corporation  to  acquire  and  receive 
property  by  purchase,  gift  or  bequeathal,  and  permit  it  to  continue  the  academic  department  in  connection 
with  other  departments  which  it  was  designed  to  establish.  On  August  8,  1889,  the  regents  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  the  State  of  New  York  granted  a  provisional  charter  to  the  present  corporation,  the  Polytechnic 
Institute  of  Brooklyn  ;  and  soon  afterwards  the  buildings  and  equipment  of  the  Brooklyn  Collegiate  and 
Polytechnic  Institute  were  transferred  to  the  new  corporation  ;  the  old  corporation  had  in  the  meantime 
surrendered  its  charter  and  had  been  dissolved.  Having  acquired  the  endowment  required  by  law,  the  new 
corporation  received  an  absolute  charter  in  January,  1890,  conferring  upon  it  "All  the  rights,  powers  and 
dignities  given  by  law  and  the  ordinances  of  the  regents  to  a  college,  including  membership  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  the  State  of  New  York."  The  charter  is  dated  January  30,  1890,  and  bears  the  signature  of  the 
late  George  William  Curtis  as  chancellor.  The  success  of  the  negotiations  which  ended  in  securing  this 
charter  was  in  the  largest  measure  due  to  the  well-directed  efforts  of  Henry  Sanger  Snow,  LL.  M.,  an 
alumnus  of  the  Polytechnic  Institute  and  one  of  its  trustees.  By  drafting  and  procuring  the  enactment 
of  necessary  legislation  he  provided  the  method  both  for  the  dissolution  of  the  old  corporation  and  for 
the  granting  of  a  liberal  charter  to  the  new  institution. 

With  an  amplified  curriculum  and  more  than  eight  hundred  students  enrolled,  while  hundreds  more 
were  knocking  for  admittance,  the  institute  needed  more  room  and  steps  were  taken  by  the  new  corporation 


5  THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 

to  obtain  it.      Land  adjoining  the  site  of  the   original  building  was   purchased  and  ground  was  broken 
for  a  new  building   in   May,   1S90  ;    the  work   of   construction   was   completed    by  September,  1891,    and 
the  building  was  occupied  at  the  opening  of  the   regular  term    in    that  month.     The   new    building  is 
occupied    by  the    higher   departments   of    the    institute,  and    the    academical    department   occupies   the 
orio-inal  building.     The  acquisition  of  the  land  which  made  possible  the  erection   of  this  new  building 
was  due  to  the  energetic  action  of  the  president  of  the   faculty.     After  the  committee  of  the  corpora- 
tion had  reported  that  the  purchase  of  the  lot  was    impracticable  and    that  the  offer  to  secure  it  had 
been  abandoned,  President  Cochran,  who  had  continued  in  close  correspondence  with  the  owner  since  the 
time  of  its  purchase  from  the  corporation  of  the  Dutch  Church,  seized  the  opportunity  offered  by  the 
dissensions  of  the  parties  who  had  planned  to  sell  it  to  the  city  and  purchased  it.    William  Augustus  White, 
to  whose  untiring  energy  and  devotion  to  the  interests  of  the  institute  the  new  buildings  are  mainly  due, 
upon  learning  the  facts  promptly  furnished  the  financial  backing  to  fulfill  the  conditions  of  purchase  and 
at  less  than  one-half  the  price  at  which  it  had  been  held  during  the  negotiations  of  the  committee  to 
secure  it.     Mr.  ^\'hitc's  father,  A.  M.  White,  was  also  intimately  associated  with  this  movement,  and  his 
generous  donations,  amounting  to  $75,000  or  $So,ooo,  bore  a  very  important  part  in  bringing  the  matter  to  a 
successful  issue.     The  new  building,  which  is  from  designs  by  W.  B.  Tubby,  cost   $350,000,  is  Roman- 
esque in  style  and  is  constructed  of  brick  with  stone  trimmings  ;  it  is  five  stories  in  height  with  a  fine  base- 
ment, and  there  is  a  large  tower  which  extends  to  a  considerable  height  above  the  roof.     The  frontage  on 
Livingston  street  is  one  hundred  and  seventeen  feet,  and  the  depth  of  the  building  is  one  hundred  feet. 
The  structure  is  thoroughly  fireproof,  is  lighted  by  electricity  and  is  furnished  with  electric  elevators. 
The  interior  arrangements  are  perfect,  including  a  gymnasium  in  the  basement,  which  is  fitted  up  with  the 
best  appliances  for  physical  culture.    There  are  commodious  lecture  rooms,  comfortable  study  rooms,  care- 
fully arranged  laboratories,  and  every  adjunct  needed  to  secure  the  perfection  of  scientific  research  and 
experiment.     One  of  the  features  of  the  institution  is  the  "  Spicer  Library  "  which  occupies  an  apartment 
in  the  new  building  thirty-two  feet  by  thirty-four  in  its  dimensions.     The  library  was  given  by  Captain 
Elihu  Spicer  as  a  memorial  to  his  son  Uriah  D.  Spicer,  a  member  of  the  class  of  1S73  ;  it  has  been  selected 
with  great  care,  and  is  designed  for  general  reference  and  study  in  all  departments  of  the  institute  work. 
The  cost  of  the  library  was  upwards  of  $35,000.     The  removal  of  the  institute  to  its  new  quarters  and  the 
occupancy  by  the  academic  department  of  the  entire  building  previously  used  by  the  school  made  possible 
the  reorganization  and  extension  of  the  courses  of  study  in  the  preparatory  school.     The  students  of  the 
different  courses  are  assigned  to  suits  of  rooms  specially  fitted  for  their  work.     The  commercial  course, 
based  upon  a  good  elementary  English  education,  gives  a  thorough  knowledge  of  book-keeping,  accounts 
and  commercial  law,  and  with  its  optional  studies  of  French,  German,  Spanish  or  stenography  offers  oppor- 
tunities unequaled  probably  by  those  of  any  other  commercial  school,  while  the  students  from  its  prepara- 
tory, classical,  liberal  and  scientic  courses  take  the  highest  rank  in  the  institute  or  in  other  colleges  which 
they  may  enter.     The  large  and  fully  equipped  laboratories  with  which  the  institute  is  provided  enable  it 
to  add  to  its  courses  of  study  and  research  in  the  departments  of  chemistry  and  physics,  and  civil  and 
electrical  engineering,  so  that,  with  the  aid  of  the  Spicer  library,  the  institute  now  offers  advantages  unsur- 
passed by  those  of  the  best  technical  schools.    The  present  faculty  of  the  institute  numbers  sixteen,  and  the 
total  number  of  persons  included  in  the  corps  of  professors  and  instructors  is  fifty-three.    The  annual  tuition 
income  amounts  to  $120,000.     As  the  institute  is  free  to  accept  endowments  and  bequests,  it  is  expected 
that  offers  of  endowments  and  scholarships  which  were  made  to  the  former  corporation  but  could  not  be 
accepted,  will  now  be  renewed.    During  the  academic  year  of  1890-91  a  scholarship  was  established  by  gift 
in  memory  of  Henry  Ginnel  De  Witt,  which  provides  perpetually  for  the  tuition  of  one  pupil.     The  insti- 
tute now  belongs  in  fact,  as  it  has  always  belonged  in  the  spirit  of  its  management,  to  the  whole  commu- 
nity and  to  the  world,  and  its  future  cannot  fail  to  be  even  more  progressive  than  its  past  has  been. 

David  Hf.xry  Cochran,  Ph.  D.,  LL.  D.,  has  been  active  in  educational  work  for  nearly  half  a 
century,  and  during  the  greater  part  of  that  time  has  had  national  reputation  as  a  man  in  whom  are  united 
the  rarest  gifts  of  the  teacher  with  wide  learning  and  general  culture,  a  union  of  qualities  rendered 
especially  effective  by  his  admirable  executive  ability.  His  presidency  of  the  Polytechnic  began  in  1864. 
He  was  born  at  Springville,  New  York,  July  5,  1828.  His  father  was  of  Scotch  descent ;  on  his  mother's 
side  he  came  of  a  Huguenot  family  that  found  refuge  in  this  country  during  the  seventeenth  century. 
Early  in  life  he  devehjped  a  habit  of  close  observation  and  manifested  a  decided  love  for  natural  science. 
Pecuniary  reverses  obliged  him  at  the  age  of  fifteen  to  resort  to  teaching  and  in  this  way  he  carried  him- 
self through  Hamilton  College.  His  proficiency  in  chemistry  enabled  him  at  the  same  time  to  fill  the 
position  of  lecturer  on  that  subject  at  the  Clinton  Liberal  Listitute  where,  upon  his  graduation  in  1850,  he 
became  professor.  In  the  following  year  he  was  chosen  principal  of  the  Fredonia  Academy,  and  in  1854 
became  professor  of  chemistry  and  natural  science  at  the  State  Normal  School  at  Albany.  Soon  afterwards 
although  he  was  the  youngest  member  of  the  faculty  he  became  principal,  and  while  principal  he  filled  the 


EDUCATIONAL    INSTITUTIONS. 


737 


cha.r  o    the  theory  and  pract.ce  of  teaching.      In  1863  the  Board  of  Regents  conferred  upon  him  the  title 
of  Doctor  of  Philosophy  and  he  was  one  of  the  first  two  persons  to  receive  that  degree  in  tl.is  country      I 
,s  a  trustee  of  HamUton  Co  lege  and  ,s  prominently  connected  with  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association 
and  the  Home    or  Aged  Men      For  more  than  twenty  years  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  Century  Club 
m  New  York  and  m  Brooklyn  he  >s  .dentified  with  the  Ham.lton  Club,  of  which  he  ,s  a  charter  member 
In  185 1  he  married  Miss  Harriet  Striker  Rawson  and  their  family  consists  of  four  children. 

THE    PACKER    INSTITUTE. 

When  in  this  country  the  question  of  the  higher  education  of  women  was  considered  somewhat  too 
problematical  for  conclusive  argument,  before  Vassar  was  thought  of  and  when  other  institutions  for  female 
advancement,  which   have  since  become  famous,  were  merely  embryoaic  in  their  existence,  the  Brooklyn 
Female  Academy-the  precursor  of  the  Packer  Collegiate  Institute-was  incorporated  and  placed  upon  a 
working  basis.     1  he  influences  e.xerted  upon  a  great  community  through   the  inception  and  subsequent 
expansion   of    such  an  enterprise    cannot    be    esti- 
mated at  too  high   a  valuation.       For    nearly    fifty 
years  it  has  afforded  a  broad    mental    training   to 
those  who  have  been  destined  to  mould  the  thought 
and   shape    the    character   of    future    generations  ; 
and  the  full  realization   of  what   it  is  accomplish- 
ing in  the  present  can  come  only  to  the  observation 
of   posterity.        During   a   considerable    period    the 
Packer  Institute  stood  a  unique  creation  among  the 
educational  institutions  of  the  country.      Its  curri- 
culum was   more  catholic  and   comprehensive   than 
that  of  any  other  school  for  the  training  of  girls,  and 
although  it  has  since  surrendered  its  original   pre- 
eminence   it    remains    in    the    front    rank    of    those 
secondary  institutions  whose  energies  are  necessarily 
restricted  by  local  limitations.    In  such  repute  is  the 
educational  system,  in  vogue  at  the  Packer  held  by 
other   collegiate    institutions  for  women,  that  they 
admit  its  graduates  to  their  junior  and  sophomore 
classes  without   the   requirement  of   a   preliminary 
examination.     The  Packer  never  has  contributed  to 
the  aggrandizement  of   individual  or  corporate  in- 
terests ;   its  ends  and  aims  are  purely  philanthropic. 
Its    earnings,    amounting    annually    to    $80,000,    or 
thereabouts,  are  all  expended  in  the  interests  of  the 
students.       The    rates   of   tuition    are    much    lower 
than  could  be  afforded  by  an  unendowed  school,  and 
large  contributions  are  made  each  year  for  the  bene- 
fit of  individual  students  who  may  be  unable  to  meet  the  regular  charges.     There  are  thirty  free  scholar- 
ships, which  are  awarded  to  students  in  the  higher  grades  of  the  school,  and  their  assignment  is  determined 
as  much  by  individual  merit  as  individual  necessity.     So  great  has  been  the  assistance  rendered  by  the 
institute  to  deserving  students  that  the  amount  of  financial  aid  contributed  to  worthy  recipients  by  the 
board    of   trustees    since    1875    has   aggregated    $120,000.        The  corps  of   teachers   numbers   fifty-three, 
forty-six  of  whom  are  women,  and  many  of  them  hold  diplomas  of  colleges.     At  the  opening  of  the  in- 
stitution there  were  three  hundred  students  on  the  list.      The  number  in  recent  years  has  ranged  from 
seven  hundred  and  fifty  to  eight  hundred. 

The  origin  of  the  Packer  Collegiate  Institute  is  found  in  the  Brooklyn  Female  Academy,  which  was 
incorporated  in  1844.  The  presidency  of  this  institution  was  accepted  by  Dr.  Alonzo  Crittenden,  who  had 
earned  some  measure  of  distinction,  prior  to  his  advent  in  Brooklyn,  as  head  of  the  Albany  Female  Academy. 
Among  those  who  lent  their  active  countenance  to  his  work  in  this  city  was  William  S.  Packer,  who  had 
deeply  interested  himself  in  promoting  legislation  in  New  York  State  favorable  to  the  higher  education  of 
women  and  who,  in  the  capacity  of  trustee,  had  been  prominently  associated  with  Dr.  Crittenden  at  Albany- 
The  Brooklyn  Female  Academy  was  opened  on  May  5,  1846,  and  experienced  prosperity  until  the  dawning 
of  the  year  1853,  when  its  building,  which  stood  on  Joralemon  street,  between  Clinton  and  Court,  was  burned 
to  the  ground.  Mr.  Packer  had  recently  died,  leaving  a  large  property  in  the  hands  of  his  wife,  who  shared 
her  husband's  interest  in  educational  affairs.    Before  the  embers  of  the  fire  had  ceased  smoking  she  addressed 


Truman  J.  Backus,  LL.  D. 


73S 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


a  note  to  the  trustees,  sayincj  she  had  reason  to  believe  her  husband  had  entertained  the  purpose  of  devot- 
in.--  a  sum  of  money  for  the  establishment  of  an  institution  for  the  education  of  youth  and  it  was  her  desire, 
as'his  representative  to  carry  out  his  wishes.  The  misfortune  overtaking  the  academy  afforded  her  an 
opportunity  which  she  was  ready  to  meet,  and  she  informally  offered  the  sum  of  $65,000  for  the  erection  of 
a  buildincrforthe  instruction  of  her  own  sex.  Her  generous  proposition  was  gratefully  accepted.  The 
corporation  of  the  old  academy  was  dissolved  and  its  stock  was  applied  to  the  founding  of  a  high  school 
for  boys,  which  now  exists  as  the  Polytechnic  Institute.  Through  this  munificent  gift  of  Mrs.  Packer's, 
which  at'that  time  was  the  largest  ever  made  to  advance  the  higher  education  of  women,  a  new  charter, 
granted  on  March  19,  1853,  was  secured  for  the  girls'  academy,  under  the  corporate  title  of  The  Packer 
Collegiate  Institute.  The  tribute  paid  to  the  memory  of  her  husband  in  giving  his  name  to  the  new 
institution  was  suitably  acknowledged  by  Mrs.  Packer  ;  and  at  the  instance  of  the  trustees  the  charter  of 
incorporation  embodied  a  clause  which  gave  her  the  right  to  nominate  those  whom  she  might  desire  to 


The  P.\cker  Institute. 

occupy  the  vacancies  which  from  time  to  time  occurred  in  the  board  of  trustees.  Her  selections,  made  in 
accordance  with  this  request,  were  honored  until  her  death  in  1892,  and  the  range  of  her  personal  acquaint- 
ance rendered  it  comparatively  easy  for  her  to  secure  the  active  cooperation  of  those  whose  services  in 
such  a  capacity  proved  invaluable.  Among  those  who  were  especially  active  in  the  reorganization  and 
conduct  of  the  institute  were  :  A.  A.  Low,  Hon.  Joshua  M.  Van  Cott,  A,  B.  Baylis  and  Henry  P.  Morgan. 
The  institute  was  formally  opened  on  the  evening  of  November  9,  1854.  The  dedicatory  address  was  de- 
livered by  the  Rev.  Francis  Vinton,  D.I).  From  that  time  until  the  founding  of  Vassar  College,  in  1865, 
the  Packer  Collegiate  Institute  stood  without  a  peer  among  those  educational  institutions  which  were 
exculsively  devoted  to  women.  L'ntil  the  opening  of  Vassar,  and  other  institutions  of  a  like  nature,  large 
numbers  of  students  from  all  parts  of  the  country  came  to  Brooklyn  to  secure  the  instruction  given 
at  the  Packer  Institute.  But  the  establishment  of  well-endowed  institutions  for  women  caused  a  decrease 
in  the  number  of  non-resident  students  at  the  Packer.  The  trustees  had  occasion  to  consider  the  policy 
to  be  pursued  in  the  future,  and  as  early  as  1S70  it  came  to  be  the  accepted  view  of  the  board  that  the  in- 
stitution should  be  conducted  as  a  school  designed  especially  for  the  young  women  of  Brooklyn.  With 
this  end  in  view  certain  modifications,  which  still  exist,  were  made  in  its  constitution. 

The  buildings  of  the  institute  occupy  a  plot  which  extends  from  Joralemon  to  Livingston  street, 
between  Clinton  and  Court  streets.  The  lot  is  two  hundred  feet  square.  The  main  building,  which  is 
gothic  in  style,  was  one  of  the  last  wor'.;s  of  Minard  Lefevre,  the  well-known  architect,  and  still  ranks, 


EDUCATIONAL   INSTITUTIONS.  739 

architecturally,  among  the  best  structures  devoted  to  educational  purposes  in  this  country.  Land  adjoining 
the  institute  was  purchased  in  1886,  and  on  the  plot  of  ground  a  building  one  hundred  feet  by  twenty-eight 
was  erected.  It  contains  the  laboratories  for  the  departments  of  chemistry,  physics,  biology  and  natural 
history.  The  whole  of  the  first  floor  is  furnished  as  a  gymnasium.  Both  the  old  and  the  new  buildings  are 
heated  and  ventilated  by  the  best  modern  methods.  In  material  appointments,  as  well  as  in  educational 
methods,  the  institute  strives  to  hold  an  advanced  position.  Its  property  is  estimated  to  be  wofth  half  a 
million  dollars.  Dr.  Alonzo  Crittenden,  the  first  president  of  the  institute,  remained  at  its  head  until  his 
death,  in  1883.  Dr.  Darwin  G.  Eaton  had  been  his  colleague  during  the  last  thirty-two  years  of  his  adminis- 
tration. These  two  gentlemen  were  of  one  mind  in  the  service  they  rendered  the  institute,  and  Dr.  Eaton 
shared  many  of  the  responsibilities  of  the  principal.  At  Dr.  Crittenden's  death  Dr.  Eaton  was  elected  as 
president,  but  ill  health  compelled  him  to  decline  the  well-deserved  and  honorable  appointment.  Dr. 
Truman  J.  Backus  was  invited  to  accept  the  position  ;  he  had  been  familiar  with  recent  movements  looking 
towards  the  more  systematic  and  advanced  teaching  of  women,  having  been  the  professor  of  English 
language  and  literature  at  Vassar  College  since  the  opening  of  that  institution.  He  promptly  accepted  the 
call  to  Brooklyn,  and  since  1883  has  been  the  director  of  the  institute.  Since  his  administration  began 
there  has  been  a  steady  increase  in  the  equipment  and  resources  of  the  institute,  and  a  conservative  but 
constant  strengthening  of  the  course  of  instruction  and  an  enlargement  of  the  teaching  force.  The 
alumnae  of  the  institution  are  organized  under  the  title  of  the  Associated  Alumnte  of  Packer  Collegiate 
Institute.  They  have  for  years  maintained  post-graduate  classes  for  study,  and  have  used  their  organization 
for  the  promotion  of  the  welfare  of  their  alma  mater.  They  have  in  several  instances  contributed  to  its 
equipment.  They  furnished  the  new  gymnasium,  and  have  made  large  appropriations  from  their  funds  for 
the  furnishing  of  the  lecture  room  of  natural  history.  The  presidents  of  the  corporation  have  held  office  in 
the  following  order  :  John  Skillman,  George  Wood,  Seth  Low  (grandfather  of  ex-Mayor  Low),  G.  G.  Van 
Wagenen  and  A.  A.  Low,  who  has  been  president  since  1858. 

Dr.  Truman  Jay  Backus,  the  president  of  the  Packer  Institute,  was  born  in  Lock,  Cayuga  County, 
New  York,  in  1842.  His  father  was  for  a  long  time  a  prominent  resident  of  New  York  city,  and  was 
secretary  of  the  Baptist  Home  Missionary  Society.  Dr.  Backus  obtained  his  education  at  the  public  schools 
of  New  York  and  at  the  University  of  Rochester,  being  graduated  with  the  class  of  1864.  He  spent  the  next 
three  years  in  post-graduate  studies  at  Rochester  and  in  New  York,  taking  his  master's  degree  from  the 
university  in  course.  In  1867  he  was  called  to  occupy  the  chair  of  English  language  and  literature  at 
Vassar  College,  where  he  remained  until  called  to  the  presidency  of  the  Packer  Institute  in  1883.  In  1882 
he  received  the  degree  of  LL.  D.,  from  Rochester  University.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa 
Society,  of  the  Brooklyn  Institute,  president  of  the  Brooklyn  Library  and  of  the  advisory  board  of  the 
Young  Women's  Christian  Association.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Alpha  Delta  Phi  Society,  the  Century 
Club  of  New  York,  and  the  Hamilton  Club  of  this  city.  He  married  a  daughter  of  L.  Harris  Hitchcock,  a 
prominent  member  of  the  New  York  constitutional  convention.  Mrs.  Backus  is  an  alumna  of  Vassar  and 
a  trustee  of  that  college  ;  she  is  also  a  member  of  the  Brooklyn  Woman's  Club.  They  have  four  children, 
one  of  whom  is  now  at  Amherst  College  and  another  is  an  auditor  of  the  Standard  Oil  Co.  Dr.  Backus  is 
the  author  of  many  learned  papers,  of  a  work  entitled  "  Great  English  Authors,"  and  is  the  reviser  of  Shaw's 
work  on  English  literature.     He  has  been  well-known  as  a  lecturer. 

THE  ADELPHI  ACADEMY. 

This  institution  grew  out  of  a  private  school  which  was  incorporated  in  1869  by  the  aid  of  money  con- 
tributed by  twenty-one  public-spirited  citizens.  The  academy  was  organized  with  a  board  of  trustees 
consisting  of  twenty-four  members.  During  the  first  two  years  of  its  existence  no  less  than  fifty  thousand 
dollars  were  contributed  by  private  gift  for  its  maintenance.  In  1873  further  donations,  coming  for  the 
most  part  from  the  trustees  themselves,  enabled  them  to  add  a  wing  to  the  west  end  of  the  building,  and  in 
1880,  with  funds  derived  from  the  same  source,  a  second  wing  was  built  at  the  eastern  end.  But  it  was  not 
until  1886  that  the  academy  trustees  began  to  develop  plans  for  an  important  extension  of  its  curriculum, 
and  the  institution  began  to  assume  its  present  dimensions.  In  that  year,  Charles  Pratt,  the  president  of  the 
board  of  trustees,  provided  means  for  the  erection  of  a  new  building,  adequate  to  the  needs  of  the 
academy's  larger  purposes,  by  the  gift  of  $160,000.  This  gift  was  made  subject  to  certain  wise  conditions 
concerning  the  disposal  of  future  revenues,  etc.,  which  were  cheerfully  acceded  to  and  which,  in  part,  have 
since  been  carried  out.  At  the  beginning  of  the  school  year  in  September,  1888,  the  new  building  was 
practically  completed  and  ready  for  occupancy.  This  new  edifice  is  situated  at  the  rear  of  the  old  build- 
ings and  occupies  the  corner  of  St.  James'  place  and  Clifton  place.  The  entire  end  of  that  block  on  St. 
James'  place,  extending  from  Lafayette  avenue  to  Clifton  place,  is  covered  by  the  buildings  of  the  Adelphi 
Academy.  'The  plot  measures  one  hundred  and  fifty  by  two  hundred  feet.  Between  the  two  main  struc- 
tures is  the  chapel,  with  a  seating  capacity  of  about  one  thousand.     The  thirty  and  more  rooms  in  the  old 


740 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


The  Adei.phi  Academy. 

buildino^s  are  devoted  to  the  use  of  the  preparatory  department  and  to  the  first  four  grades  of  the  academie. 
In  the  new  building,  which  is  known  as  the  collegiate,  are  the  chemical  and  physical  laboratories,  the  library 
and  a  spacious  study  room  for  the  use  of  the  students  of  the  collegiate  department ;  on  the  top  floor  are  the 
large  and  beautifully  lighted  art  rooms.  In  the  basement  is  a  gymnasium,  divided  into  three  large  rooms 
and  fitted  with  bath  and  dressing  rooms.  Adjoining  this  is  the  engine  room  with  an  engine  and  dynamo. 
The  hygienic  and  sanitary  appointments  throughout  are  excellent,  this  having  been  one  of  the  principal 
aims  of  the  founder.  With  the  beauty  and  dignity  of  the  exterior  of  this  splendid  structure  every  citizen 
of  Brooklyn  is  familiar;  it  constitutes  one  of  the  most  prominent  architectural  ornaments  of  that  part  of 
the  city.     The  buildings  are  valued  at  $500,000. 

In  connection  with  the  work  of  the  academy  there  is  a  kindergarten,  and  pupils  may  thus  receive 
instruction  from  the  earliest  rudiments  up  to  the  highest  branches  of  the  collegiate  studies  under  the 
auspices  of  the  same  institution.  There  are  three  departments  :  the  preparatory,  the  academic  and  the 
collegiate.  'I'he  first  is  open  to  pupils  between  the  ages  of  six  and  ten,  and  the  course  is  completed  in  three 
years.  In  the  academic  department  the  ages  range  from  nine  to  sixteen,  and  in  a  five-year  course  all  the 
essential  branches  of  a  good  English  education,  Latin,  French  and  German,  physiology,  English  history  and 
literature  are  taught.  The  collegiate  department  is  divided  into  three  courses,  and  diplomas  are  awarded 
to  such  students  as  shall  complete  any  one  of  them.  The  classical  course  is  intended  to  meet  the  require- 
ments for  entrance  examinations  at  college,  and  to  this  three  years  are  devoted.  The  literary  and  scientific 
courses  embrace  a  curriculum  of  four  years  each  and  the  latter  includes  the  laboratory  practice  for  which 
superb  facilities  have  been  provided.  Art  education  began  in  the  Adelphi  Academy  almost  from  its  incep- 
tion, it  being  among  the  first,  if  not  the  first,  of  the  schools  of  this  country  to  acknowledge  the  influence 
of  art  as  complementary  to  youthful  culture.  Accepting  as  a  basis  for  this  work  the  higher  traditions  of 
art,  it  at  once  took  means  to  ]nit  this  fact  into  practice  by  making  drawing  part  of  the  regular  school  work, 
and  adding  to  the  drawing  of  simple  forms  (which  were  executed  in  the  class  rooms)  special  facilities  for 
study  from  the  antique  and  life.  The  elementary  work  was  at  first  under  the  instruction  of  Louis  Grube, 
followed  by  Prof.  F.  T.  L.  Boyle,  who  introduced  drawing  from  the  cast,  which  was  done  in  a  small  room  in 
the  attic  of  what  is  now  the  academic  building.  He  also  introduced  the  idea  of  special  art  pupils,  carrying 
the  work  forward  until  the  resignation  of  Prof.  Sprague,  when  he  also  resigned.  With  the  appointment  of 
Dr.  Taylor,  art  received  a  strong  impetus  in  the  school  proper.  Under  the  direction  of  the  present  professor 
the  work  was  so  arranged  that  every  student  from  the  time  of  entrance  until  the  fourth  academic  year  was 
compelled  to  draw  ;  after  which  it  became  optional  until  the  year  of  graduation.     Larger  accommodations 


EDUCATIONAL    INSTITUTIONS.  741 

were  furnished  for  the  advanced  and  special  students,  who  rapidly  increased  in  numbers,  and  the  study  of 
portraiture  and  full  length  drawing  from  life  were  added.  In  connection  with  the  regular  course  of 
instruction,  lectures  and  loan  exhibitions  of  pictures  were  held  in  the  chapel.  The  regular  yearly  exhibit  of 
students'  work  inaugurated  a  system  of  annual  competition,  at  which  prizes  were  awarded  for  the  best 
drawings  from  the  cast  and  from  life,  as  well  as  in  painting  from  life.  With  this  extension  of  accommo- 
dations came  a  corresponding  growth  in  the  character  and  quality  of  the  work,  until  at  present  the  work 
of  the  department  is  second  to  that  of  no  school  in  the  country,  and  the  equal  of  what  might  be  called 
the  legitimate  art  schools,  such  as  those  of  the  National  Academy  of  Design  or  the  Students'  Art  League. 
It  can  claim  as  its  former  pupils  a  number  of  young  men  and  women  who  are  well  known  in  the  art  world 
and  are  constant  exhibitors  at  all  the  leading  exhibitions  of  the  country  as  well  as  at  the  Paris  Salon. 
The  rooms  at  present  devoted  to  the  study  of  art  in  the  new,  or  collegiate  building,  have  possibly  no 
superior  in  the  world.  They  consist  of  a  suite  of  five,  which  are  specially  arranged  for  drawing  from  the 
cast,  from  life,  still  life  and  modeling.  These  rooms  are  for  advanced  and  special  pupils,  the  more 
elementary  school  work  being  accomplished  in  the  class  rooms  under  the  direction  of  a  special  teacher. 
Special  students  can  enter  at  any  time  without  adopting  the  regular  special  course,  which  extends  through 
a  period  of  four  years,  including,  beside  drawing  and  painting  from  life,  artistic  anatomy,  perspective,  com- 
position and  the  history  of  art.  These  subjects  are  all  taught  by  special  teachers  by  whom  the  students 
are  examined;  and  after  passing  a  satisfactory  examination  they  receive  a  diploma  graduating  them  from 
the  department  and  certifying  to  the  extent  and  quality  of  their  attainments. 

On  December  18,  1889,  the  academic  building  was  seriously  damaged  by  fire,  but  the  injury  was  speedily 
remedied.  The  internal  equipment  of  the  academy  is  excellent ;  it  has  been  furnished  at  an  expense  of 
$31,500,  while  its  apparatus  and  library  are  valued  respectively  at  $9,800  and  $4,000.  The  presidents  of 
the  board  of  trustees  and  their  terms  of  service  have  been  :  the  Rev.  William  I.  Budington,  D.D.,  1869- 
74  ;  Charles  Pratt,  1874-91;  and  Charles  M.  Pratt,  1891-93.  In  the  following  list  appear  the  names  and 
terms  of  service  of  those  who  have  held  the  principalship  of  the  academy  from  the  date  of  its  incor- 
poration in  1869  until  the  present  day:  John  Lockwood,  August,  1869-May,  1870;  Homer  B.  Sprague, 
1870-75  ;  Stephen  G.  Taylor,  1875-1883  ;  Albert  C.  Perkins,  1883-1892  ;  John  S.  Crombie,  1892. 

John  S.  Crombie  was  a  successful  teacher  in  the  west  before  he  came  to  Brooklyn  to  take  charge  of 
the  Adelphi  ;  and  in  Minneapolis,  where  he  was  principal  of  the  high  school,  and  had  done  a  good  deal  to 
build  up  the  cause  of  education,  his  departure  caused  general  regret.  Under  his  administration  the  high 
school  became  one  of  the  best  in  the  country.  He  was  born  in  Pontiac,  Mich.,  in  1854,  and  is  a  graduate  of 
the  University  of  Michigan.  His  first  position  was  that  of  principal  of  the  high  school  in  Coldwater,  which 
he  resigned  in  one  year  to  become  superintendent  of  education  in  the  same  city.  Three  years  later  he 
accepted  a  similar  position  in  Big  Rapids,  where  he  did  splendid  work  for  four  years.  His  next  call  was  to 
Minneapolis,  and  his  record  there  for  seven  years  was  such  as  to  secure  for  him  the  warm  recommendation 
of  many  prominent  educators  when  it  was  proposed  to  place  him  in  his  present  position.  He  took  charge 
of  the  academy  in  September,  1892.     He  is  a  married  man,  and  has  two  children. 

THE  BROOKLYN   INSTITUTE  OF  ARTS   AND  SCIENCE. 

This  is  so  distinctively  and  peculiarly  an  institution  of  Brooklyn,  managed  by  representative  Brook- 
lynites  and  for  the  general  people,  that  it  is  a  subject  of  great  local  interest  and  pride.  Its  work  is  some- 
what in  the  line  of  the  "university  extension  "  movement,  now  so  popular  ;  the  avowed  purposes  stated  in 
its  charter  being  "  the  establishment  and  maintenance  of  museums  and  libraries  of  art  and  science,  the 
encouragement  of  the  study  of  the  arts  and  sciences  and  their  application  to  the  practical  wants  of  man  ; 
the  advancement  of  knowledge  in  science  and  art,  and  in  general  to  provide  the  means  for  popular  instruc- 
tion and  enjoyment  through  its  collections,  libraries  and  lectures."  Further  provisions  of  the  charter  are 
that  its  museums  and  libraries  shall  be  open  and  free  to  the  schools  of  the  city,  both  public  and  private, 
and  to  the  general  public  on  such  terms  of  admission  as  shall  be  approved  by  the  mayor  and  park  commis- 
sioner. The  institution  is  endowed,  and  its  membership  privileges,  affording  opportunities  for  special 
scientific  courses,  are  fixed  at  very  low,  nominal  figures.  Its  trustees  are  citizens  prominent  in  public  and 
social  life.     Its  history  is  one  of  slow  and  sound  growth,  with  a  continual  widening  of  the  scope. 

The  institution  had  its  birth  in  the  summer  of  1823,  when  several  gentlemen,  chief  among  whom  was 
Augustus  Graham,  met  at  Stevenson's  tavern  for  the  purpose  of  establishing,  for  the  apprentices  of  Brook- 
lyn, a  free  library.  They  adopted  a  constitution  and  issued  a  circular  in  which  they  solicited  donations  of 
books  and  money  with  which  to  effect  their  purpose.  On  November  20,  1824,  they  were  incorporated 
by  the  state  legislature  under  the  name  of  The  Brooklyn  Apprentices'  Library  Association,  and  on  July  4, 
1825,  the  corner-stone  of  the  first  building  owned  by  the  association  was  laid  by  General  Lafayette,  at  the 
corner  of  Henry  and  Cranberry  streets.  The  first  lecture  delivered  in  the  completed  structure  was  by 
Professor  Dana.      By  1835   the    association   had  outgrown  its  original  quarters,  and  the  institution  was 


742 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


^^^^^^^7^^ 


removed  to  the  site  on  Washington  street,  then  the 
centre  of  the  city's  wealth  and  culture.  Li  order 
to  broaden  the  scope  of  the  association,  an  amended 
charter  was  granted  by  the  legislature  in  1843  and 
the  name  therein  was  changed  to  the  Brooklyn  In- 
stitute. For  many  years  thereafter  the  institute  was 
an  important  factor  in  the  social,  literary,  scientific 
and  educational  life  of  Brooklyn.  From  its  platform 
were  heard  such  eminent  scientific  men  as  Agassiz, 
Dana,  Gray,  Henry,  Morse,  Mitchell,  Torrey,  Guyot 
and  Cooke  ;  such  learned  divines  as  Doctors  Mc- 
Cosh,  Hitchcock,  Storrs  and  Budington  ;  and  such 
famous  orators  and  thinkers  as  Phillips,  Sumner, 
Garrison,  Beecher,  Emerson,  Everett,  Curtis,  King, 
Bellows  and  Chapin.  Its  library  had  a  large  circu- 
lation and  its  hall  was  used  for  many  social  and  his- 
toric gatherings.  During  this  period  of  its  history 
the  institute  received  from  Mr.  Graham  two  import- 
ant donations.  On  July  4,  1848,  the  building,  which 
had  been  heavily  mortgaged,  he  presented  to  the 
trustees  free  from  all  encumbrance,  and  through  his 
will,  made  known  to  the  board  of  directors  shortly 
after  his  decease  on  November  28,  1851,  he  be- 
queathed the  sum  of  $27,000  as  a  permanent  endow- 
ment fund.  The  will  directed  that  the  interest  on 
$10,000  of  this  fund  should  be  used  for  the  support 
of  lectures  on  scientific  subjects  and  for  the  pur- 
chase of  apparatus  and  collections  of  a  scientific 
character.  The  income  from  $12,000  was  to  be  ap- 
propriated to  Sunday  evening  lectures  of  a  religious  character,  and  that  of  the  remaining  $5,000  to  be 
used  in  the  support  of  a  school  of  design  and  a  gallery  of  fine  arts.  For  several  years  prior  to  1867, 
the  institute  building  began  to  be  regarded  as  behind  the  times.  The  entrance  was  faulty  and  its  interior 
arrangements  were  inadequate.  The  income  of  the  building  dwindled  to  a  low  figure  and  the  support  of 
the  free  library  became  insufficient.  The  directors  remodeled  the  building  in  1867,  at  an  expense  of  about 
$30,000,  a  part  of  which  was  raised  by  life  membership  subscriptions  of  $50  and  $100,  and  the  balance  by  a 
mortgage  on  the  building.  For  twenty  years  (1867-87)  this  indebtedness  necessitated  the  application  of  a 
large  portion  of  the  income  from  the  rent  of  the  building  and  from  the  Graham  endowment  fund  to  the 
payment  of  the  interest  and  the  principal  of  the  debt.  Final  payment  on  the  mortgage  was  made  early  in 
1887.  During  this  period  the  most  the  institute  was  able  to  do  was  to  circulate  its  library,  keep  up  its 
classes  in  drawing  and  provide  for  the  annual  address  on  February  22.  Freed  from  debt,  the  institute  was 
able  once  more  to  use  the  whole  income  from  its  funds  and  building  for  their  legitimate  purposes,  and  to 
become  an  important  agent  in  the  work  of  education  in  the  city.  The  property  of  the  institute  in  1887 
consisted  of  the  institute  building  and  land,  a  library  of  12,000  volumes,  and  endowment  funds  of  $46,000. 
These  last  comprise  the  $27,000  bequeathed  by  Mr.  Graham,  the  Cary  fund  of  $10,000,  for  the  support  of 
the  library  and  an  increment  of  $9,000,  realized  through  premiums  on  the  sale  of  bonds. 

During  the  year  1887-88  a  new  era  in  the  history  of  the  institute  was  inaugurated.  It  was  determined  to 
make  the  property  of  the  institute  the  nucleus  of  a  broad  and  comprehensive  institution  for  the  advancement 
of  science  and  art  and  its  membership  a  large  and  active  association,  laboring  not  only  for  the  advancement 
of  knowledge,  but  also  for  the  education  of  the  people  through  lectures  and  collections  in  art  and  science. 
In  December,  1888,  a  committee  of  members  of  the  institute  was  appointed  by  the  council  to  organize  a 
movement  which  it  was  hoped  might  lead  to  the  formation  of  museums  of  art  and  science  in  Brooklyn. 
This  action  of  the  council  was  endorsed  by  the  board  of  directors  early  in  January.  The  committee 
determined, 'after  some  deliberation,  to  call  a  public  meeting  of  citizens,  and  to  that  end  drew  up  a  letter  of 
invitation  to  a  meeting  to  be  held  on  February  5,  1S89.  This  letter,  signed  by  about  two  hundred  residents 
of  Brooklyn,  was  sent  to  fifteen  hundred  citizens  who  were  known  to  be  specially  interested  in  art  or  science. 
At  a  citizens'  meeting,  held  on  February  5,  pursuant  to  the  above  call,  Gen.  John  B.  Woodward,  who 
acted  as  chairman  of  the  meeting,  stated  its  purpose,  and  spoke  of  the  desire  felt  by  the  directors  that  the 
property  of  the  institute  should  be  made  more  valuable  to  Brooklyn  and  a  nucleus  of  a  much  larger 
property  to  be  used  in  the  erection  of  museums  of  art  and  science  for  the  education  and  enjoyment  of  the 


EDUCATIONAL   INSTITUTIONS. 


743 


people.  On  the  motion  of  Hon.  Joshua  M.  Van  Cott,  a  committee  of  twenty-five  citizens  was  appointed 
to  act  in  conjunction  with  the  directors  of  the  Brooklyn  Institute  in  organiziiwj  an  association  which  should 
labor  to  secure  a  museum  of  art.  The  motion  having  been  seconded  and  adopted,  the  following  persons 
were  appointed  on  the  committee:  Rev.  Dr.  Charles  H.  Hall,  Rev.  Dr.  Richard  S.  Storrs,  Hon.  Seth  Low, 
Rev.  Dr.  A.  J.  F.  Behrends,  Hon.  Stewart  L.  Woodford,  Ale.xander  E.  Orr,  Rev.  Dr.  L.  T.  Chamberlain, 
David  H.  Houghtaling,  Hon.  Darwin  R.  James,  Charles  Pratt,  Henry  Hentz,  John  T.  Martin,  Joseph  H. 
Knapp,  John  Gibb,  Hon.  Joshua  M.  Van  Cott,  Rev.  Charles  R.  Baker,  Wm.  Hamilton  Gibson,  Rev.  John  A\'. 
Chadwick,  A.  Augustus  Healy,  Hon.  Frederick  A.  Schroeder,  Carll  H.  De  Silver,  William  H.  Male,  Col. 
Henry  T.  Chapman,  William  Berri,  John  P.  Adams  and  Frank  Squier.  To  this  committee  were  after- 
wards added  the  following  ladies :  Mrs.  F.  H.  Wing,  Miss  Matilda  McLean,  Mrs.  J.  S.  T.  Stranahan, 
Mrs.  S.  B.  Duryea,  Mrs.  Alfred  C.  Barnes,  Mrs.  S.  V.  White,  Mrs.  Harriet  Judson,  Miss  Susan  M. 
Barstow,  Miss  Christina  Rounds,  Mrs.  H.  S.  Anderson,  Miss  Caroline  B.  Le  Row  and  Mrs.  F.  W.  Rockwell. 
A  form  of  organization  was  adopted  which  contemplated  the  formation  of  a  large  association  of  mem- 
bers and  a  continual  increase-  of  the  endowment  funds  and  the  collections  of  the  institute.  Provision 
was  made  for  a  subdivison  of  the  membership  into  departments,  representing  various  branches  of  art  and 
science,  each  department  forming  a  society  by  itself  and  yet  enjoying  all  the  privileges  of  the  general  asso- 
ciation. A  general  invitation  was  extended  to  citizens  specially  interested  in  science  and  art  to  become 
members  of  the  institute  ;  courses  of  lectures  on  science  and  art  were  provided  ;  the  directors'  room  of  the 
institute  was  enlarged  to  accommodate  the  meetings  of  some  of  the  departments  contemplated,  and  a  large 
lecture  room  on  the  third  floor  of  the  institute  building  was  fitted  up,  at  an  e.xpense  of  $2,600,  for  the  occu- 
pancy of  some  of  those  departments  that  would  make  use  of  apparatus  and  collections  at  their  meetings. 

During  the  first  fifteen  months  after  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  institute,  a  membership  of  three  hundred 
and  fifty  persons  was  recorded.  The  Brooklyn  Micros- 
copical Society  joined  the  institute  in  a  body  with 
si.Kty-four  members,  and  became  the  Department  of 
Microscopy.  The  American  Astronomical  Society, 
whose  members  resided  mostly  in  New  York  and 
Brooklyn,  became  the  Department  of  Astronomy, 
with  thirty-two  members.  The  Brooklyn  Entomo- 
logical Society  united  with  the  institute  and  became 
the  Entomological  Department,  with  forty-one  mem- 
bers. The  Linden  Camera  Club  of  Brooklyn  became 
the  Department  of  Photography,  with  twenty-six 
members.  Departments  of  physics,  chemistry,  bot- 
any, mineralogy,  geology,  zoology  and  archaeology 
were  successively  formed,  and  each  of  the  twelve 
departments  named  began  holding  monthly  meet- 
ings. The  permanent  funds  and  property  of  the  in- 
stitute were  increased  by  $3,000  ;  additions  were 
made  to  the  library  and  its  circulation  increased 
from  a  rate  of  12,000  to  46,000  volumes  per  year; 
the  lecture  courses  were  fully  attended  and  the 
classes  in  drawing  were  enlarged.  At  the  first  joint 
meeting  of  the  committee  and  the  directors,  held  on 
February  21,  Dr.  Charles  H.  Hall  was  elected  chair- 
man, and  Prof.  F.  W.  Hooper,  secretary.  The  pro- 
gress of  the  institute  during  the  year  1889-90  was 
even  greater  than  in  the  preceding  fifteen  months. 
The  membership  of  the  twelve  departments  organ- 
ized the  previous  year  was  more  than  doubled  ;  eight 
new  and  strong  departments,  viz.:  architecture,  elec- 
tricity, geography,  mathematics,  painting,  philology, 
political  and  economic  science,  and  psychology  were 
formed  ;  the  membership  was  increased  from  three 
hundred  and  fifty  to  more  than  twelve  hundred  ;  to 
the  collections  of  the  institute  were  made  very  large 
THE  BROOKLYN  INSTITUTE,  WASHINGTON  STREET. '  "      additious;   the  library  was  reorganized  and  its  cir- 

Hemoved  for  Bridge  Extension..%g..  culation  increased  from  the  rate  of  46,000  volumes 


^^  THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 

to  SS.o°°  volumes  per  year;  1,500  new  books  were  added  for  the  benefit  of  the  departments  and  their 
members ;  the  number  of  lectures,  exhibits  and  meetings  of  departments  was  increased  from  about  ninety 
in  the  previous  year  to  two  hundred  and  thirty  ;  the  attendance  of  the  department  meetings  was  more 
than  doubled,  the  number  of  members  taking  an  active  part  in  the  meetings  and  in  the  work  of  the  insti- 
tute was  quadrupled;  the  quality  of  the  lectures  and  addresses  excelled  that  of  the  previous  year;  and  out 
of  the  abundance  of  active  and  increasing  interest  in  art  and  science  awakened  by  the  old  Brooklyn  Insti- 
tute the  new  Brooklyn  Institute  of  Arts  and  Sciences  was  born,  destined  to  command  the  attention,  the 
admiration,  the  love  and  the  support  of  every  resident  of  Brooklyn ;  to  become  a  means  for  the  education, 
the  refinement  and  the  uplifting  of  all  its  people,  and  to  encourage  all  other  educational  institutions  in 

the  city. 

The  o-rowth  of  the  institute  received  a  slight  check  in  the  fall  of  1890.  On  September  12  a  serious 
fire  in  the  institute  building  rendered  it  unfit  for  immediate  use.  But  owing  to  the  generous  hospitality 
of  other  institutions  in  the  city  it  was  possible  to  carry  on  its  work  elsewhere.  The  Young  Men's  Chris- 
tian Association,  the  Union  for  Christian  Work,  the  Packer  Collegiate  Institute,  the  Brooklyn  Heights 
Seminary,  the  Church  of  the  Saviour,  the  Adelphi  Academy  and  the  Brooklyn  Art  Association  each 
contributed  the  use  of  rooms  for  the  lectures  and  other  work.  The  office  of  the  institute  was  located 
temporarily  in  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  building.  No.  502  Fulton  street.  Despite  adversity,  the  growth  of  the 
institute  was  of  a  permanent  and  substantial  character — three  hundred  and  twelve  new  members  were 
added  ;  the  membership  of  each  of  the  twenty  departments  was  increased  ;  the  number  of  lectures  and 
meetings  was  three  hundred  and  ten  as  against  two  hundred  and  thirty  in  the  previous  year.  Each  of  the 
departments  did  more  and  better  work  than  in  any  other  pr^.ceding  year;  the  attendance  on  the  lectures 
was  considerably  greater,  reaching  a  total  of  about  56,000  ;  the  Geographical  Department  brought  to- 
gether a  collection  of  geographical  appliances  consisting  of  maps,  globes,  charts,  reliefs,  models,  atlases, 
treatises,  text-books  and  other  publications,  valued  at  $6,000;  these  were  exhibited  in  Brooklyn  for  four 
weeks  and  in  Boston  for  three  weeks;  the  Boston  exhibition  being  visited  by  about  16,000  people  and  the 
Brooklyn  exhibition  by  upwards  of  37,000  people;  subscriptions  towards  the  endowment  fund  of  the 
proposed  museums  were  made  to  the  amount  of  $52,500,  and  by  act  of  legislation  the  city  was  authorized 
to  expend  $300,000  in  the  creation  of  the  proposed  museum  buildings  on  Prospect  Hill.  Owing  to  the 
sale  of  the  institute  property  in  Washington  street  to  the  trustees  of  the  New  York  and  Brooklyn  Bridge 
for  extension  purposes,  the  work  of  the  institute  was  carried  on  in  1892  much  as  during  the  previous 
year,  but  with  ampler  facilities.  The  provision  of  permanent  quarters  for  the  institute  will  engage  the 
immediate  attention  of  the  officers  of  the  institute  during  the  coming  months.  The  work  of  erecting 
the  museum  buildings  will  be  begun  at  once.  The  first  section  erected  will  cost  $300,000.  The  total 
structure  will  be  about  425  feet  on  each  of  its  four  sides,  and  will  be  lighted  by  four  large  interior  courts 
about  one  hundred  feet  square.  During  the  month  of  December,  1891,  the  Brooklyn  Institute  transferred 
to  the  Brooklyn  Institute  of  Arts  and  Sciences  its  property  and  estate,  as  authorized  by  the  laws  of  1890. 
The  deed  of  transfer  was  recorded  in  the  county  clerk's  office  on  December  31,  being  the  last  deed  recorded 
in  that  year.  The  subscriptions  to  the  endowment  fund  of  the  institute  were  payable  on  the  first  day  of 
January,  1892,  and  amounted  to  $58,000,  making  a  total  endowment  of  $200,000.  During  the  season  of  1891 
603  new  members  were  added,  making  a  total  membership  of  1,810.  The  year  has  been  a  most  prosperous 
one  in  the  history  of  the  institute;  about  four  hundred  public  lectures  have  been  given,  and  the  average 
attendance  has  been  between  15,000  and  18,000  persons  per  month.  The  institute  conducts  a  biological 
laboratory  during  the  summer  months  at  Cold  Spring  Harbor,  L.  I.,  under  the  direction  of  Prof.  Herbert 
W.  Conn,  of  Wesleyan  University,  and  has  established  two  summer  schools  of  art ;  one  at  the  seashore  in 
Southampton,  L.  I.,  known  as  the  Shinnecock  Hills  Summer  School  of  Art,  under  the  direction  of  Mr. 
William  M.  Chase,  and  the  second  at  Lake  George,  known  as  the  Adirondacks  Summer  School  of  Art,  under 
the  direction  of  Mr.  Walter  Shirlaw.  These  schools  are  designed  to  give  summer  instruction  in  the  open 
air  at  moderate  rates  to  students  who  desire  to  continue  their  work  during  the  summer  months.  A  school 
of  political  science  was  established  in  the  autumn  of  1892.  The  present  officers  of  the  board  of  trustees 
are  :  Gen.  John  B.  Woodward,  president  ;  Rev.  Dr.  Richard  S.  Storrs,  Hon.  James  S.  T.  Stranahan, 
Edwin  Beers,  vice-presidents  ;  Prof.  Franklin  W.  Hooper,  director  ;  Hon.  Eugene  G.  Blackford,  treasurer; 
Prof.  Robert  Foster,  secretary.  The  officers  of  the  associate  members  are  :  Rev.  Dr.  Charles  H.  Hall, 
president ;  Rev.  William  H.  Ingersoll,  secretary. 

John  B.  Woodward  was  born  in  this  city,  in  1835;  he  was,  at  an  early  age,  placed  successively  under 
the  tuition  of  Samuel  Putnam  and  Benjamin  W.  Dwight,  who  were  then  the  respective  heads  of  the  most 
popular  academies  of  this  city.  In  1850,  he  began  his  business  career;  first  as  a  clerk  in  the  "  Swamp," 
the  district  in  which  the  leather  trade  in  New  York  is  located,  and  subsequently  in  the  River  de  la  Plate 
export  trade.  He  still  retains  his  connection  with  the  latter  business,  importing  wool  and  hides  from  the 
South  American  countries,  and  exporting  in  return  a  general  line  of  domestic  manufactures.     In  1854,  he 


EDUCATIONAL   INSTITUTIONS.  745 

became  identified  with  the  national  guard  by  enlisting  as  a  private  m  the  Brooklyn  City  Guard,  which  was 
then  attached  to  the  13th  Regiment.  In  quick  succession  he  became  corporal,  first-sergeant,  second 
lieutenant,  captain  of  Company  E  of  the  13th  Regiment,  lieutenant-colonel,  and  then  colonel.  He  was 
in  the  United  States  service  with  the  13th  Regiment  in  1861,  as  second  lieutenant;  and  for  three  months 
in  1862,  as  lieutenant-colonel.  The  rank  of  colonel  was  conferred  upon  him  early  in  1863,  which  position 
he  held  for  five  years,  when  he  succeeded  Gen.  H.  B.  Duryea  as  major-general  of  the  second  division 
of  the  national  guard.  Governor  Samuel  J.  Tilden  appointed  him  inspector-general  of  the  state,  on  the 
first  of  January,  1875,  and  during  the  same  year  he  was  made  president  of  the  department  of  city  works 
of  Brooklyn.  In  1879,  he  was  promoted  to  be  adjutant-general  of  the  state,  and  on  January  i,  1880,  he 
retired  from  the  service,  and  has  since  devoted  himself  to  business  pursuits  and  matters  affecting  the 
general  welfare  of  the  city.  He  was  appointed  as  president  of  the  department  of  Brooklyn  parks  in  1888 
and  was  legislated  out  of  office  in  1889,  only  to  be  reappointed  soon  after  ;  but  being  absent  in  Europe,  he 
was  unable  to  accept.  He  is  president  of  the  Third  National  Bank  ;  a  director  of  the  Commercial  Mutual 
Insurance  Company,  Guardian  Insurance  Company,  Franklin  Trust  Company  and  Franklin  Safe  Deposit 
Company  ;  and  vice-president  of  the  Birkbeck  Saving  and  Loan  Association,  and  a  director  and  trustee  in 
other  industrial  corporations.  As  president  of  the  Brooklyn  Institute  he  was  instrumental  in  changing  that 
corporation  into  the  Brooklyn  Institute  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  which  will  soon  provide  our  citizens  with  a 
museum  worthy  the  importance  of  the  city.  The  benevolent  movement,  known  as  the  Fresh  Air  Fund, 
having  for  its  purpose  the  free  conveyance  of  the  children  of  the  poor  to  the  country  at  regular  intervals, 
has  received  his  hearty  co-operation  since  its  beginning.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Brooklyn  and  the  Riding 
and  Driving  clubs  and  is  noted  as  a  good  equestrian. 

Franklin  William  Hooper,  the  director  of  the  Brooklyn  Institute  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  was  born  in 
Walpole,  Cheshire  county,  New  Hampshire,  on  February  11,  1851.  His  boyhood  was  spent  upon  his  father's 
farm.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  became  a  student  of  Antioch  College,  Yellow  Springs,  Ohio.  While 
there  he  abandoned  his  design  of  becoming  a  clergyman,  and  turned  his  attention  to  the  study  of  science 
and  natural  history.  He  left  Antioch  in  1870,  and  in  the  following  year  entered  Harvard  University, 
where  he  continued  the  scientific  studies  which  he  began  at  Antioch,  devoting  a  considerable  portion  of 
his  time  to  language  and  philosophy.  Under  Louis  Agassiz,  Asa  Gray,  Jeffries  Wyman,  Benjamin  Pierce 
and  Josiah  P.  Cook  he  took  special  courses  in  various  branches,  and  in  1872  he  attended  Agassiz's  summer 
school  of  natural  history  at  Penikese  Island.  In  1876,  acting  as  an  agent  for  the  Smithsonian  Institute  at 
Washington,  he  spent  some  months  on  a  scientific  excursion  around  the  coast  of  Florida,  where  peculiar 
opportunities  were  afforded  for  the  study  of  algfe  and  coral  formations.  From  1877  until  1880  Professor 
Hooper  was  principal  of  the  high  school  at  Keene,  New  Hampshire.  In  June,  1880,  he  came  to  Brooklyn 
and  became  professor  of  chemistry  and  geology  at  the  Adelphi  Academy,  where  he  remained  for  nine 
years.  In  June,  1889,  he  was  elected  curator  of  the  Brooklyn  Institute,  a  position  which  he  filled  with 
credit  to  himself  and  to  the  advantage  of  the  institution.  His  opinion  had  much  weight  in  affecting,  in 
December,  1891,  the  amalgamation  of  the  institute  with  the  new  Brooklyn  Institute  of  Arts  and  Sciences. 
On  the  coalescence  of  the  old  establishment  with  the  new.  Professor  Hooper  was  chosen  director.  In 
May,  1876,  while  returning  from  Florida,  Professor  Hooper  married  Miss  Martha  Summer  Holden,  of 
Augustin,  Ga.,  whose  father  was  prominent  in  the  abolition  movement.  They  have  had  three  children,  two 
of  whom  are  living.  Professor  Hooper  is  a  member  of  the  board  of  education,  having  been  appointed  by 
Mayor  Boody  on  March  25,  1892. 

THE    PRATT    INSTITUTE. 

In  the  Pratt  Institute  Brooklyn  possesses  a  unique  establishment.  It  resembles  in  its  aims  the  art 
schools  of  Keswick  and  South  Kensington  and  combines  therewith  the  advantages  of  such  technical 
schools  as  the  Whitechapel  Guild  and  the  Handicraft  School  of  Birmingham.  But  it  has  furthermore  cer- 
tain distinctive  features  of  its  own,  which,  taken  as  a  whole,  render  the  Pratt  Institute  the  most  important 
enterprise  of  its  kind  in  the  United  States,  if  not  in  the  world.  It  was  founded  by  the  wise  munificence 
of  Mr.  Charles  Pratt,  and  is  another  example  of  that  high  philanthropy  in  which  Peter  Cooper  illus- 
triously led  the  way.  The  land  was  purchased  in  1884,  and  the  work  begun  in  the  following  year.  In 
1887  the  institute  received  its  charter  with  the  power  to  confer  degrees.  It  was  the  realization  of  a  scheme 
which  its  founder  had  cherished  for  a  quarter  of  a  century.  The  fundamental  purpose  of  the  work  is  to 
afl"ord  such  instruction  as  shall  enable  men  and  women  to  support  themselves  by  applied  knowledge  and 
skilled  handicraft  in  various  industries.  It  is  thus  intended  to  supplement  the  work  of  the  public  and  high 
schools  ;  and  to  those  who  are  employed  during  the  day,  opportunity  is  given  in  the  evening  to  acquire  a 
thorough  knowledge  of  the  processes  of  the  industrial  arts.  Earnestness  and  industry  are  the  indispen- 
sable conditions  to  participation  in  the  privileges  of  the  institute.  It  is  to  help  those  who  are  willing  to 
help  themselves  ;  rich  and  poor  are  alike  welcome.     In  addition,  however,  to  the  purely  practical  work,  the 


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EDUCATIONAL   INSTITUTIONS.  747 

importance  of  the  moral  element  in  education  has  not  been  overlooked,  and  throughout  all  its  branches 
of  instruction  the  institute  inculcates  self-reliance,  self-denial,  honesty  and  thrift  as  essential  increments  of 
success.  The  charges  for  tuition  are  nominal,  ranging  from  $2  to  $30  per  course  or  term,  and  are  made 
chiefly  to  insure  earnestness  in  students. 

The  buildings  of  the  Pratt  Institute  are  situated  on  Ryerson  street,  between  Willoughby  and  DeKalb 
avenues.  The  neighborhood  of  the  elevated  road  renders  them  easy  of  access  from  all  parts  of  the  city 
Extensive  space  across  Ryerson  street  and  on  Grand  avenue  has  been  set  apart  for  the  recreation  of  the 
students.  These  buildings  are  substantial,  fire-proof,  and  adapted  to  heavy  manufacturing  but  as  in  all 
structures  where  convenience  and  adaptability  have  been  intelligently  aimed  at,  there  is  no  lack'of  archi- 
tectural beauty  ;  one  finds  real  aesthetic  satisfaction  in  the  perfect  appliances  for  lighting,  heating,  ventila- 
ting, etc.,  in  the  solid  staircases,  the  commodious  elevators,  available  both  for  passenger  and  freight  ser- 
vice, land  in  the  superb  equipment  of  the  class-rooms  and  the  work-shops.  The  main  structure  is  of  brick 
and  terra  cotta  ;  it  is  100  feet  wide  and  50  feet  in  depth,  and  has  si.x  stories  above  the  basement.  On  one 
side  is  a  wing  37  by  50  feet.  It  presents  a  straightforward  appearance  of  dignified  solidity  with  its  Norman 
arched  doorway  and  wide,  welcoming  steps,  quite  in  harmony  with  the  practical  and  moral  character  of  the 
institution  of  which  it  is  the  home.  The  library  is  on  the  first  floor  and  has  space  for  some  30,000  volumes. 
Any  resident  of  Brooklyn,  over  fourteen  years  of  age,  may  receive  upon  application  the  privileges  of  the 
library,  which  numbers  about  20,000  books,  and  had  a  general  circulation  in  1891  of  over  122,000.  Across  the 
hall  IS  the  reading  room,  with  its  daily  papers  and  innumerable  magazines  covering  the  whole  range  of 
human  knowledge.  Here,  too,  are  the  leading  encyclopaedias,  complete  files  of  the  great  periodicals  and  all 
the  more  important  books  of  reference.  On  the  second  floor,  a  part  of  which  is  devoted  to  the  offices  of 
the  institute,  is  the  lecture  room  where  courses  are  delivered  on  subjects  having  for  the  most  part  a  direct 
bearing  upon  the  work  of  the  students.  Ethics,  the  problems  of  social  and  political  life,  domestic  economy, 
sanitary  science  and  the  like  here  receive  elucidation.  The  department  of  domestic  science  occupies  the 
third  floor.  Instruction  is  given  in  dressmaking,  millinery  and  art  needlework  ;  competent  teachers  give 
individual  lessons  in  cutting,  fitting  and  draping.  Another  branch  of  this  department  is  on  the  sixth  floor, 
where  are  the  two  cooking  schools.  These  are  fitted  with  all  the  appointments  of  a  well-ordered  kitchen  : 
superb  ranges,  gas  stoves,  refrigerators,  etc.  In  connection  with  these  is  a  lunch  room  communicating 
with  a  similar  one  in  the  basement.  There  are  three  courses  in  cookery  of  twelve  lessons  each.  One  of 
the  most  helpful  departments  is  that  of  commerce,  also  on  the  third  floor.  Here  book-keeping  is  taught 
and  a  thorough  knowledge  of  short-hand  and  type-writing  may  be  obtained.  There  is  an  art  hall  on  the 
sixth  floor  which  is  used  for  exhibitions  and  for  the  more  advanced  classes  in  painting  and  free-hand  draw- 
ing. In  addition  to  this  the  entire  fourth  floor  is  devoted  to  the  department  of  art.  The  work  is  thorough 
and  systematic,  embracing  regular  courses  in  all  kinds  of  drawing,  in  painting,  designing,  wood  carving 
and  clay  modeling.  There  are  also  lectures  on  architecture,  history  of  ornamentation,  perspective,  myth- 
ology, theory  of  color  and  art  anatomy.  Particular  attention  is  given  to  sculpture  and  wood  carving  with 
special  reference  to  high  class  work  in  bronze,  copper  and  stone.  The  fifth  floor  has  hitherto  been  occupied 
by  the  technical  museum,  which  is  to  be  removed  to  the  new  art  building  soon  to  be  constructed.  This 
building  will  have  a  large  auditorium  and,  besides  the  museum,  will  accommodate  the  art  department  and 
the  library.  The  collection  of  specimens  for  the  museum  was  begun  in  1887  and  has  already  acquired 
extensive  proportions,  being  especially  rich  in  ceramics.  Nor  has  the  pottery  from  the  mounds  of  the 
Mississippi  valley  been  neglected.  Glass  work  is  well  represented.  There  are  bronzes  of  various 
periods  and  countries  and  mosaic  work  from  Florence,  Venice  and  Rome.  The  mineralogical  collec- 
tion, arranged  according  to  Rosenbusch,  is  rapidly  approaching  scientific  completeness.  In  the  rear 
of  the  main  structure  are  the  buildings  of  the  mechanic  arts,  covering  an  area  of  247  by  95  feet, 
and  varying  from  one  to  three  stories  in  height.  Here  are  the  engines  and  dynamos  which  supply 
the  whole  system  with  light  and  heat  and  furnish  the  power  for  the  work-shops.  The  department  of 
mechanic  arts  embraces  a  three  years'  course  of  practical  work  in  connection  with  the  instruction  received 
in  the  technical  high  school.  The  forges  and  anvils  in  the  smith  shops  are  sufficient  to  employ  twenty- 
five  pupils  at  once.  In  the  foundry  adjoining  is  a  twenty-inch  melting  cupola,  with  brass  and  white  metal 
furnaces  and  a  core  oven.  Special  attention  is  given  to  art  castings  in  iron  and  bronze.  There  is  also  a  full 
complement  of  engine-lathes,  drilling-machines,  planers,  etc.;  in  short,  it  is  a  fully  equipped  machine  shop. 
Large  space  is  allotted  to  workers  in  wood,  and  one  of  the  most  valuable  features  is  the  section  devoted  to 
the  building  trades  ;  brick-laying,  frame-building,  and  especially  plumbing.  The  latter  includes  a  regular 
course  in  sanitary  engineering  and  there  is  space  for  fifty-four  pupils  to  be  engaged  in  practical  work. 

It  remains  to  notice  a  very  remarkable  and  praiseworthy  branch  of  the  institute's  work.  It  was 
thought  that  the  young  people  should  not  only  learn  to  earn  money  but  should  also  be  taught  how  to  use 
and  care  for  it.  This  gave  rise  to  the  Pratt  Institute  Thrift  Association,  which  is  a  modification  of  the 
well-known  system  that  has  met  with  such  success  in  England.      The  investment  branch   provides   for 


74S 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


systematic  economy  by  issuing  investment  shares  of  $150  each,  payable  at  the  rate  of  $1  per  month  for  ten 
years.    This  is  in  effect  equivalent  to  investing  that  amount  at  five  per  cent.,  in  addition  to  which  a  percent- 
age on  the  profits  of  the  business  is  paid,  so  that  at  the  end  of  ten  years  the  investment  amounts  to  about 
$160,  for  which  only  $120  has  been  expended.      The  loan  branch  of  The  Thrift,  as  it  is  called,  furnishes 
nine-tenths  of  the  purchase  money  to  anyone  wishing  to  buy  a  dwelling,  a  shop,  or  othei'real  estate,  and  to 
cover  the  expenses  of  doing  business  a  commission  of  one  per  cent,  is  charged.      Through  the  aid  of  this 
association  any  person  may  thus  become  the  owner  of  his  house  by  annual  payments  for  a  limited  period 
very  little  in  excess  of  what  he  would  have  to  pay  for  rent.    In  1891  the  work  of  the  institute  was  extended 
at  the  other  end  by  the  purchase  of  the  Froebel  Institute,  so  that  kindergarten  instruction  is  now  a  part  of 
the  general  plan.     Music  has  been  taught  from  the  first.     A  course  for  the  training  of  practical  librarians 
has  recently  been  introduced.     As  the  years  go  on  the  work  of  the  institute  bids  fair  to  cover  all  the  fields 
of  human  activity.     At  the  end  of  its  fourth  year  the  Pratt  Institute  showed  a  total  enrollment  of  3,232 
students,  whose  motto  is:    "Take  care  of  your  work  and  your  work  will  take  care  of  you."      The  institute 
is  thus  accomplishing  the  design  of  its  founder  in  emphasizing  the  dignity  of  labor,  improving  the  quality 
of  the  work,  and  contributing  to  the  comfort  and  happiness  of  wage-earners.     It  has  an  endowment  fund 
of  $2,000,000  and  further  resources  amounting  to  $835,000,  which  are  invested  in  real  estate  and  income-pro- 
ducing property.     The  trustees  of  the  institute  are  Charles  M.  Pratt,  president;  Frederick  B.  Pratt,  secre- 
tary and  treasurer;   George   D.   Pratt.     The  faculty  consists  of  Frederick   B.  Pratt,  chairman;   Norman  P. 
Heffley,  secretary;  William  Mc Andrew,  Walter  S.  Perry,  Harriet  S.  Sackett,  Charles  R.  Richards,  Margaret 
Healy,  Emma  O.  Conro  and  Hannah  D.  Mowry. 


The  Lockwood  Academv,  Suutu  Uxkukd  SruiiET. 
The  Lockwood  Academy  was  established  in  1870  by  Professor  John  Lockwood,  in  response  to  a  request 
from  the  parents  of  those  who  had  been  his  pupils  at  the  Adelphi  Academy,  with  which  he  had  then  recently 
severed  his  connection.  Early  in  1863  two  teachers  from  the  Polytechnic  Institute  established  a  school  of 
their  own  in  Adelphi  street  and  called  it  the  Adelphi  Academy.  After  six  months  they  arranged  with 
Professor  Lockwood  to  buy  their  school  furniture  with  a  view  to  his  reopening  the  school  in  the  fall.  About 
that  time  Lee  invaded  Maryland  and  Pennsylvania,  and  President  Lincoln,  alarmed  for  the  safety  of  Wash- 
n^igton,  called  for  volunteers.  'I'he  23d  Regiment  of  Brooklyn  was  ordered  out  in  response  to  the  call  and 
Professor  Lockwood  joined  the  regiment  as  a  volunteer  for  the  campaign.  They  were  gone  thirty  days, 
and  on  his  return  he  wrote  and  published  an  account  of  the  doings  of  the  regiment  during  this  brief 
service— a  book  that  was  much  lauded  by  the  local  press.  He  reopened  the  Adelphi  in  September. 
The  school  prospered  from  the  first.     The  total  enrollment  for  that  year  was  twenty-three  ;  the  next  year, 


EDUCATIONAL    INSTITUTIONS. 


749 


LocKwooD  Academy,  a  Grade  Room. 


Sixty-one  ;  the  next,  one  hundred  and  fifty-six  ;  the  next,  three  hundred  and  four  ;  and  the  fifth  year,  four 
hundred  and  seventy-two.  At  this  stage  of  the  school's  history  an  appeal  was  made  to  its  patrons  for 
funds  to  erect  a  suitable  school  building.  This  appeal  was  generously  responded  to,  and  the  sum  of 
$35,000  was  quickly  raised  for  a  loan.  This  financial  success  was  largely  due  to  the  able  generalship 
of  Thomas  Vernon,  who  thoroughly  canvassed  the  neighborhood  with  Mr.  Lockwood.  The  loan  was  secured 
by  a  second  mortgage,  the  first  being  held  by  a  company  from  whom  a  previous  loan  of  $25,000  had  been 
obtained.  In  the  meantime  T.  J.  Ellinwood 
the  efficient  head  of  the  department  of  calis- 
thenics in  the  school,  had  purchased  a  quarter 
interest  in  the  institution,  and  with  the  $60,000 
raised  on  the  loans  the  partners  bought  a  plot 
of  ground  two  hundred  feet  by  one  hundred 
and  fifty  on  Lafayette  avenue.  Hall  street  (now 
called  St.  James'  place)  and  Clifton  place.  On 
this  land  they  erected  a  building  which  was  the 
nucleus  of  the  present  Adelphi  Academy.  The 
corner-stone  was  laid  by  the  Rev.  Henry  Ward 
Beecher.  When  the  school  was  established  it 
was  intended  for  boys  only,  but  in  1867  there 
had  grown  a  demand  for  the  admission  of  girls 
and,  yielding  to  this  demand,  the  system  of 
coeducation  of  the  sexes  was  inaugurated.  Fifty 
girls  were  admitted  to  the  preparatory  depart- 
ment and  the  experiment  proved  immediately 
successful.  Another  innovation  for  which  Pro- 
fessors Lockwood  and  Ellinwood  are  to  be  given 
credit  is  the  introduction  and  popularization  in 
schools  of  the  calisthenic  drill,  which  has  proved  to  be  admirably  adapted  to  promote  the  health  of  school 
children  ;  and  it  is  interesting  to  note,  in  connection  with  this,  that  the  name  "  Calistheneum,"  which  they 
invented  and  applied  to  the  hall  in  which  the  exercises  were  held,  is  in  a  fair  way  of  becoming,  if  it  has  not 
already  become,  an  accepted  word  in  the  language. 

Finding  the  burden  of  so  great  an  enterprise  too  heavy,  Messrs.  Lockwood  and  Ellinwood  decided  to 
incorporate  it,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Budington  and  others,  in  whose  friendship  and  good  judgment  they  confided, 
having  advised  that  step.     Accordingly,  in  the  summer  of  1869,  by  the  voluntary  act  of  its  proprietors, 

Messrs.  Lockwood  and  Ellinwood,  it  ceased  to 
be  a  private  school  and  began  its  career  as  a 
public  institution,  Mr.  Lockwood  continuing  to 
be  its  principal.  This  was  a  matter  of  course, 
since  it  was  understood  at  every  step  and  voiced 
by  every  one  that  spoke  on  the  subject  that, 
unless  he  consented  to  continue  at  the  head  of 
the  school,  the  plan  of  incorporation  could  not 
be  carried  out — that  indeed  the  very  and  sole 
purpose  of  incorporation  was  to  relieve  the  prin- 
cipal of  all  pecuniary  responsibility  that  he 
might  be  wholly  free  to  administer  the  school 
in  accordance  with  his  high  ideal.  The  initial 
year  developed  so  much  antagonism  between 
Mr.  Lockwood  and  the  board  of  trustees  that 
in  May  following  the  connection  was  violently 
severed  and  Mr.  Lockwood  at  once  opened  a 
new  school  and  called  it  Lockwood  Academy. 
This  important  step  was  not  taken  unadvisedly. 
A  meeting  of  the  Adelphi  patrons  was  called, 
to  which  every  parent  represented  in  the  school 
was  invited,  to  consider  the  situation.  The  result  of  the  conference  was  a  resolution,  adopted  without  a 
dissenting  voice,  that  Professor  Lockwood  be  requested  to  open  a  new  school  in  the  neighborhood.  The 
first  location  of  Lockwood  Academy  was  139-141  South  Oxford  street.  In  1888  it  was  removed  to  its  pres- 
ent location,  138-140,  directly  opposite  the  former  building.  The  school  is  admirably  placed  amid  healthful 
surroundings,  in  a  shady  and  quiet  street,  and  the  house  is  well  adapted  to  its  purpose. 


Lockwood  Academy— The  New  Scholar. 


75° 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


/ 


Professor  John  Lockwood  has  been  for 
thirty  years  one  of  the  foremost  educators 
in  the  city  of  Brooklyn,  and  has  gained  more 
than  a  local  celebrity  by  his  contributions  to 
scientific  and  educational  literature.  Espe- 
cially as  a  teacher  he  will  long  be  remem- 
bered in  Brooklyn,  because  of  the  excellent 
work  he  did  in  establishing  the  Adelphi 
Academy,  and  also  his  name  will  last  by 
reason  of  the  benefit  conferred  upon  the 
community  by  the  creation  and  successful 
operation  of  the  institution  in  which  he  is 
most  interested  at  the  present  time.  He  is 
a  man  peculiarly  fitted  for  the  vocation  of 
teaching,  for  added  to  his  varied  scholarship 
are  a  happy  faculty  of  imparting  knowledge 
and  a  nature  in  sympathy  with  young  people. 
He  looks  upon  his  pupils  as  being  in  a  refined 
sense  his  children,  and  their  regard  for  him 
is  almost  filial.  Among  the  causes  that  have 
led  to  Professor  Lockwood's  unique  success 
in  the  establishment  and  conduct  of  schools 
are,  first  of  all,  his  reverence  for  his  profes- 
sion and  enthusiasm  in  his  work.  He  counts 
no  pains  too  great  that  are  necessary  to 
verify  an  important  statement.  What  are 
the  facts  of  the  case? — this  is  the  searching 
question  that  he  places  at  the  very  threshold 
of  every  investigation.  His  reverence  for  the 
truth  and  openness  for  light  inspire  the  con- 
fidence of  those  that  are  looking  to  him  for 
guidance,  and  begets  in  them  a  like  spirit.  So  precious  in  the  work  of  education  does  Professor  Lockwood 
regard  this  love  of  truth  that  he  is  perpetually  solicitous  to  banish  fear — the  active  principle  of  falsehood — 
from  the  heart.  Thus,  under  his  administration,  an  offender  is  never  punished  on  his  own  confession,  nor 
on  the  tattling  report  of  a  schoolmate  ;  he  has,  therefore,  no  inducement  to  prevaricate.  Reward,  appreci- 
ation, praise,  are  the  instruments  of  discipline  ;  rather  than  punishment,  depreciation  and  reproof.  In  this 
scheme  of  education  character  is  the  thing  placed  above  everything  else.  This  is  the  rock  upon  which 
Professor  Lockwood  builds,  and  it  is  the  great  secret  of  his  success  as  a  teacher.  Professor  Lockwood 
was  born  in  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  on  July  13,  1827,  and  is  one  of  a  family  of  six  brothers  and  two  sisters. 
He  was  brought  up  as  a  Quaker  and  has  always  retained  his  membership  in  that  religious  society.  His 
father,  for  whom  he  was  named,  one  of  Poughkeepsie's  most  enterprising  and  prosperous  merchants  of  that 
day,  removed  the  family  in  1834  to  New  York  city  and  there  engaged  in  the  drygoods  jobbing  business  in 
Pearl  street,  in  partnership  with  a  brother,  the  firm  name  being  John  and  Walter  Lockwood.  The  latter  will 
be  remembered  by  Brooklynites  of  twenty-five  years  ago  as  one  of  the  leading  drygoods  merchants  of 
Fulton  street.  After  preparatory  study  under  a  private  tutor,  and  in  private  schools  in  New  York  city,  the 
future  educator  entered  Columbia  College  when  he  was  seventeen  years  old  and  was  graduated  on  the  com- 
pletion of  his  full  course  of  four  years,  during  which  he  bore  off  at  every  mathematical  examination  one  of 
the  two  coordinate  prizes  offered  in  that  department.  About  the  time  of  his  graduation,  when  the  annual 
convention  of  the  Psi  Upsilon  Fraternity  was  held  in  New  York  under  the  auspices  of  the  Lambda  Chapter, 
he  was  selected  by  that  chapter  to  read  the  annual  poem.  Later,  he  was  chosen  poet  to  represent  the 
alumni  association  of  Columbia  College,  at  their  anniversary  exercises  in  i860.  For  two  or  three  years 
after  leaving  college  Professor  Lockwood  engaged  in  study  and  literary  work,  including  a  winter's  course  in 
the  medical  department  of  the  University  of  Michigan,  and  at  the  same  time  began  his  career  as  a  teacher, 
following  the  occupation  for  several  years  interruptedly,  in  private  and  public  schools  in  the  neighborhood 
of  New  York.  About  the  year  1854,  he  succeeded  the  late  James  Parton  in  the  position  of  assistant 
editor  of  Morris  &  Willis'  Home  Jour/ial ;  but  not  finding  the  work  quite  congenial  he  gave  it  up  the  fol- 
lowing year  and  spent  the  winter  of  1855-6  in  the  West  Lulies.  Astronomy  is  one  of  Professor  Lockwood's 
favorite  studies,  and  at  an  early  period  in  his  career  his  proficiency  in  that  science  attracted  the  attention  of 
his  former  preceptor  at  Columbia,  Prof.  Hackley,  who  introduced  him  to  Mr.  Charles  A.  Dana,  then  managing 


Professor  John  Lockwood. 


EDUCATIONAL   INSTITUTIONS. 


751 


editor  of  the  New  York  Tribune  under  Horace  Greeley,  and  recommended  the  pubUcation  of  an  article  by 
Mr.  Lockwood  on  the  comet  that  had  then  just  appeared.  This  was  about  the  year  1858.  The  article  was 
published  in  the  next  day's  Tribune  and  proved  the  first  of  a  long  series  of  astronomical  articles  which 
graced  the  columns  of  that  paper  from  week  to  week.  At  this  time  the  "  American  Cyclopedia  "  was  in 
course  of  publication,  and  Dr.  Thomas  Hill,  president  of  Harvard  College,  had  been  contributing  the  astro- 
nomical articles,  but  was  about  to  retire  from  the  work.  So  satisfactory  to  the  Tribune  had  Prof.  Lock- 
wood's  articles  been  that  Mr.  Dana  paid  him  the  great  compliment  of  invitmg  him  to  succeed  President 
Hill.  This  was  a  serious  undertaking,  but  it  was  accepted,  and  so  well  was  the  work  done  for  the  remain- 
ing volumes  of  the  cyclopedia,  that  when  the  new  edition  of  this  great  work  was  projected  several  years 
later,  Mr.  Dana,  still  its  coeditor,  invited  Mr.  Lockwood  to  take  charge  of  the  department  of  astronomy. 
But  the  professor  was  then  so  much  absorbed  in  the  management  of  a  very  large  school  that  he  felt  obliged 
to  decline  the  honor — an  honor  that  afterward  fell  to  that  famous  astronomical  writer,  the  late  Professor 
Richard  A.  Proctor.  Professor  Lockwood  has  completed  a  short  treatise  on  astronomy  for  use  in  schools. 
He  has  varied  his  arduous  academic  duties  by  literary  labor  performed  at  frequent  intervals  and  inspired 
mostly  by  his  love  of  letters  and  of  the  science  of  astronomy.  He  seldom  publishes  over  his  own  signature, 
preferring  the  modest  privacy  of  a  nom  de plume.  He  has  all  his  life  been  blessed  with  a  happy  home ;  and 
this  is  no  small  factor  in  the  sum  total  of  the  influences  that  have  contributed  to  his  successful  career.  An 
unmarried  sister,  who  has  always  been  his  shield  and  buckler  and  whose  virtues  he  has  sung  in  many  a 
tender  line,  is  now  the  head  of  his  household.  He  continues  to  devote  his  life  actively  to  his  noble  profes- 
sion, finding  in  the  intellectual  and  moral  unfolding  of  the  youth  placed  under  his  care  a  charm  far  greater 
than  any  he  could  derive  from  mere  pecuniary  success. 

BEDFORD  ACADEMY. 

Bedford  Academy,  which  occupies  the  grounds  and  buildings  at  57-67  New  York  avenue,  was  organized 
in  1886  by  Mr.  James  W.  Morey  as  the  Bedford  Heights  Institute,  under  which  name  it  was  conducted  until 
the  fall  of  1890,  when  it  was  purchased  by  Dr.  George  Rodeman,  who  has  since  introduced  some  of  the 
thorough  methods  of  the  German  gymnasiums.  A  complete  system  of  physical  training,  consisting  of 
military  drill  and  gymnastic  exercises,  has  been  established,  and  an  out-door  gymnasium  has  been  fitted  up 
for  the  use  of  the  pupils  ;  it  is  the  only  gymnasium  of  its  kind  in  the  United  States.    Dr.  Rodeman  finds  the 


Bedford  Academy. 


75^ 


THE    EAGLE   AND    BROOKLYN. 


George  Rodeman,  M.  A.,  Ph.  D. 


climate  favorable  enough  for  out-door  work  during  at  least 
six  of  the  nine  months  of  the  school  year,  the  remainder  of 
the  season  being  spent  in  the  covered  gymnasium  hall. 

Dr.  George  Rodeman,  the  principal  of  the  Academy, 
was  born  in  Usch,  in  the  province  of  Posen,  Germany,  on 
May  13,  1861.  He  received  his  educational  the  Royal  Gym- 
nasium and  at  the  University  of  Berlin,  from  which  he  was 
graduated  in  1885.  In  the  summer  of  that  year  he  came  to 
.America  to  visit  his  brother  and  to  finish  his  education  by 
travel.  AVhile  here  he  became  interested  in  the  work  of 
Harvard  LIniversity.  He  became  a  student,  and  later  a 
teacher  in  that  institution  ;  taking  the  degree  of  Master  of 
Arts  in  1887,  and  that  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy  in  1889.  His 
specialty  is  classical  philology.  For  a  year  he  taught  in  the 
private  schools  of  New  York,  and  in  1890  purchased  the 
present  Bedford  Academy,  which  he  reorganized  and  made 
a  successful  school.  Dr.  Rodeman  is  an  active  member  of 
the  Union  League  and  Germania  clubs  of  this  city,  the  Har- 
vard Club  of  New  York,  the  Brooklyn  Institute,  the  Ameri- 
can Philological  Association,  the  Arion,  the  German  Hospital 
Society,  and  the  New  York  Avenue  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church. 


THE  BROOKLYN  LATIN  SCHOOL. 

The  Brooklyn  Latin  School  was  conceived  and  founded  by  its  present  proprietor  and  principal.  Dr. 
Caskie  Harrison,  M.  A.,  Ph.  D.,  in  1S83.  The  school  is  designed  for  the  general  training  and  special  prep- 
aration of  a  limited  number  of  boys,  and  is  noted  as  taking  every  measure  that  will  warrant  a  distinctive 
recognition  among  the  best  preparatory  schools.  Dr.  Harrison,  the  founder  and  principal,  was  head  of  his 
house  at  Rugby  School,  England,  a  prize  man  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  and  a  professor  of  languages 
in  the  University  of  the  South,  and  is  by  education  and  experience  eminently  fitted  to  conduct  an  institu- 
tion of  this  kind.  The  course  of  the  school  has  been  uniformly  successful  until  at  the  present  time  the 
number  of  pupils  equals  the  capacity  of  the  school  and  only  a  limited  number  of  scholars  are  accepted 
annually.  The  equipment  of  the  school  is  unsurpassed  and  the  system  of  utilizing  all  modern  appliances 
with  a  limited  number  of  individuals  is  carried  out  in  every  particular.  The  number  of  boys  entering  college 
from  the  Brooklyn  Latin  School  is  extremely  large  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  its  pupils,  and  their  success 
in  various  universities  speaks  of  the  high  character  of  their  preparation.  The  list  of  studies  includes 
every  subject  that  is  pertinent  to  the  work  of  a  complete  preparatory  school,  and  the  staff  is  composed  of 
men  well  fitted  for  the  positions  they  fill.  The  school  house  at  145  Montague  street  is  well  situated,  its 
five  floors  having  been  refitted  for  the  special  needs  of  a  school.  A  judicious  system  of  prizes  and  rewards 
has  been  adopted  ;  a  gymnasium  has  been  added  and  physical  instruction  is  a  part  of  the  curriculum. 

THE  COLLEGE  GRAMMAR  SCHOOL. 

The  College  Grammar  School,  long  established  in  the  Hamilton  building,  at  Court  and  Joralemon 
streets,  has  been  successfully  conducted  during  nearly  all  its  forty-three  years  of  existence  by  Professor 
Levi  Wells  Hart,  A.  M.  It  was  organized  in  1849  by  the  Rev.  Edmund  B.  Tuttle,  under  the  patronage  of 
many  distinguished  clergymen  and  bishops  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  Ogden  Hoffman,  George  P.  Morris, 
N.  P.  Willis,  and  others  equally  prominent  in  that  day,  together  with  well-known  citizens  of  Brooklyn.  Its 
first  principal,  C.  A.  Silliman,  A.  M.,  was  succeeded  after  three  years  by  Professor  Hart,  to  whom  many 
Brooklyn  students  have  been  indebted  for  a  most  thorough  preparation  for  college,  for  the  scientific  schools, 
and  the  United  States  Naval  and  Military  Academies.  Professor  Hart  was  graduated  from  Yale  in  1846, 
and  had  the  satisfaction  of  learning  from  the  venerable  President  Woolsey  that  he  was  one  of  the  best 
Greek  scholars  ever  under  his  instruction.  The  equipment  of  the  school  is  complete,  its  methods  are 
thorough,  and  its  discipline  is  such  as  conduces  to  a  high-minded  manhood. 

CATHOLIC   COLLEGES   AND  SCHOOLS. 

St.  John's  College  is  the  foremost  educational  institution  in  Brooklyn  directly  ruled  by  the  Roman 
Catholic  Church,  and  one  of  the  best  known  training  schools  for  the  priesthood  in  the  country  ;  it  occupies 
the  entire  side  of  Lewis  avenue,  between  Willoughby  avenue  and  Hart  street.  The  college  is  comparatively 
young,  its  inception  having  been  in  the  Council  of  the  late  Bishop  Loughlin,  who  deemed  that  a  suitable 
educational  institution  had  become  a  necessity  in  his  diocese.      In  accordance  with  this  conviction  the 


EDUCATIONAL    INSTITUTIONS.  753 

college  of  St.  John  the  Baptist  was  founded,  and  the  corner-stone  of  the  building,  on  the  corner  of  Willough- 
by  and  Lewis  avenues,  was  laid  in  the  summer  of  1868.  On  September  5,  187 1,  the  building  was  opened  for 
pupils  under  the  presidency  of  the  Rev.  J.  T.  Landry,  C.  M.,  who  served  until  January,  1876,  when  he  was 
relieved  by  the  Rev.  A.  J.  Myer,  C.  M.  In  January,  1882,  he  was  in  turn  succeeded  by  the  Rev.  J.  A.  Hart- 
well,  also  of  the  Congregation  of  the  Mission,  the  college  having  always  been  under  the  direction  of  that 
order.  This  being  the  only  Catholic  institution  in  the  diocese  having  the  privilege  of  a  university,  no  pains 
have  been  spared  to  ensure  thoroughness  of  instruction  and  a  high  standard  of  training.  It  is  noted  for 
careful  work  in  the  higher  education,  particularly  in  those  branches  which  are  useful  in  preparing  young 
men  for  entering  upon  ecclesiastical  studies.  It  is  on  a  par  with  the  best  institutions  of  the  country,  no 
effort  being  spared  by  the  present  bishop  to  advance  its  grade.  In  1890  large  additions  were  made  to  the 
old  building  until  now  St.  John's  College  occupies  one  of  the  finest  edifices  in  Brooklyn. 

St.  Francis'  College  was  founded  in  1859,  when  the  Franciscan  Brothers  of  Brooklyn  purchased  a  build- 
ing on  Baltic  street,  near  Court,  for  a  combined  school  and  residence  of  the  order.  This  building  had 
already  been  used  as  a  public  school,  and  was  eminently  fitted  for  the  use  to  which  it  has  since  been  applied. 
This  school  became  known  as  the  St.  Francis'  Academy,  and  formed  the  nucleus  of  the  college  and  monas- 
tery which  now  occupies  its  place.  Brother  Jerome,  the  superior,  made  great  additions  to  the  old  building 
in  1871,  and  altered  the  title  of  the  school  to  that  which  it  bears  at  present,  at  the  same  time  enlarging  the 
curriculum  and  advancing  the  school  to  a  high  grade  in  the  ranks  of  educational  institutions.  It  includes 
collegiate,  scientific  and  commercial  departments  attended  by  two  hundred  and  fifty  students,  one-third  of 
whom  board  in  the  institution.  The  college  has  an  excellent  library  both  for  research  and  recreation,  and 
is  supplied  with  physical  and  chemical  instruments  of  the  latest  and  most  approved  pattern  and  in  sufficient 
numbers  to  perform  all  necessary  practical  experiments.  The  college  stands  deservedly  high  both  as  a 
school  and  as  a  place  where  the  most  kindly  influences  are  brought  to  bear  for  the  direction  of  the  young. 

The  Academy  of  the  Visitation,  on  the  corner  of  Clinton  and  Willoughby  avenues,  was  established  in 
185s  by  the  Sisters  of  the  Visitation  B.  V.  M.  The  order  of  the  Visitation  was  founded  by  St.  Francis  de 
Sales  and  St.  Jane  de  Chantal,  at  Annecy,  France,  in  1610.  The  first  American  house  was  established  at 
Georgetown,  D.  C,  in  1799.  The  institution  in  this  city  was  founded  from  Baltimore,  September  24,  1855, 
by  the  Rt.  Rev.  John  Loughlin,  D.D.,  first  Bishop  of  Brooklyn,  and  in  1863  was  incorporated  by  the  legis- 
lature of  New  York,  under  the  title  of  the  "  Female  Institute  of  the  Visitation."  For  twenty-five  years  the 
institute  was  on  the  corner  of  Johnson  and  Pearl  streets,  but  in  1880  the  present  large  property  on  Clinton 
avenue,  extending  along  Willoughby  to  Waverly,  was  purchased  and  the  present  academy  erected.  The  new 
building  is  of  Jersey  free-stone,  with  a  frontage  of  220  feet ;  the  chapel  is  in  the  centre,  with  the  convent 
and  academy  on  either  side.  The  school  is  very  complete,  and  has  an  excellent  supply  of  philosophical 
instruments  and  a  fine  library. 

Connected  with  all  or  nearly  all  of  the  Catholic  parishes  in  Brooklyn  there  are  parochial  schools  and 
other  educational  institutions  individual  mention  of  which  will  be  found  in  the  sketches  of  such  churches 
in  the  chapter  on  Churches  and  Religious  Organizations. 

ST.   JOSEPH'S   INSTITtJTE. 

The  Brooklyn  branch  of  St.  Joseph's  Institute,  an  institution  for  the  improved  instruction  of  deaf  mutes, 
was  established  in  1874  ;  the  house,  510  Henry  street,  being  purchased  with  the  funds  contributed  by  a  few 
charitable  citizens.  The  parent  institution  sprang  from  a  private  academy  which  was  opened  in  Fordhani 
in  1869,  but  which  was  afterwards  merged  into  a  school  for  deaf  mutes  only.  The  quarters  became  crowded 
and  necessitated  the  Brooklyn  branch,  which  in  1876  received  power  from  the  legislature  to  receive  county 
pupils,  and  two  years  later,  state  pupils.  Since  it  was  first  opened  the  Brooklyn  branch  has  been  filled  with 
pupils  whose  board,  tuition,  and  clothing  bills  are  paid  by  the  county  from  which  they  come.  Both  sexes 
were  first  admitted  between  the  ages  of  six  and  twelve.  At  present  girls  only  are  received  at  the  Brooklyn 
branch,  which  is  located  at  113  Buffalo  avenue,  a  boy's  department  of  the  parent  institution  having  been 
established  at  West  Chester,  New  York.  The  girls  are  taught  dressmaking,  together  with  various  kinds  of 
hand  and  machine  sewing,  and  in  their  leisure  hours  they  apply  themselves  to  fancy  work.  The  branches 
of  instruction  taught  in  the  class  rooms  are  the  same  as  those  pursued  in  the  common  schools.  The 
method  of  instruction  is  what  is  known  as  the  oral  method.  Signs  are  discarded  entirely  as  being  obstacles 
to  the  speech,  and  watching  the  movements  of  the  lips  is  employed  instead.  There  are  at  present  seventy 
pupils  in  the  Brooklyn  branch.  The  managers  of  St.  Joseph's  Institute  are  Ernestine  Nardin,  president  ; 
Mary  B.  Morgan,  vice-president :  Annie  M.  Larkin,  secretary  and  treasurer.  Margaret  Cosgrove  is  deputy 
superintendent  of  the  Brooklyn  branch  ;  R.  M.  Mead,  M.  D.,  is  the  attending  physician,  and  A.  Ross  Mathe- 
son,  M.  D.,  the  consulting  physician. 

'  '  b  t-    J  SCHOOLS    FOR   GIRLS. 

The  Brooklyn  Heights  Seminary  for  Girls  was  established  by  Professor  Alonzo  Grey  in  185 1.  At  his 
death,  nine  years  later,  it  became  the  property  of  Dr.  Charles  E.  West,  who,  assisted  by  the  late  Miss  Mary 


y-4  THE    EAGLE    AND   BROOKLYN. 

A.  Brigham,  carried  it  on  most  successfully  until  18S9,  when  at  the  retirement  of  Dr.  West  and  Miss  Brighara 
the  school  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  present  principals,  Miss  Clara  R.  Colton,  Miss  Katherine  S.  Wood- 
ward, and  Miss  Isabel  D.  Hubbard.  The  two  houses  occupied  by  the  school,  138  and  140  Montague  street, 
were  originally  erected  for  this  purpose  by  Professor  Grey,  and  are  eminently  adapted  for  educational  work. 
The  course  of  instruction  embraces  all  the  studies  included  in  a  thorough  English  education,  individual 
teaching  being  a  marked  feature  in  the  method  of  instruction,  and  each  department  being  under  the  care  of 
a  specialist.  A  special  feature  of  the  school  is  a  number  of  lectures  delivered  throughout  the  year  by  Pro- 
fessor Tohn  Fiske,  Miss  Jane  Meade  Welch,  W.  H.  Goodyear,  A.  T.  Van  Laer,  Richard  E. .Burton  and  others. 
Both  resident  and  day  pupils  are  received. 

Miss  Rounds'  School  for  Girls  was  founded  in  1876  by  its  present  principal,  Miss  Christiana  Rounds, 
as  a  select  school  for  girls  and  as  a  preparatory  school  for  Smith,  Vassar  and  Wellesley  colleges,  where  its 
graduates  are  admitted  on  certificate.  The  school  has  been  conducted  since  its  foundation  in  its  present 
quarters  at  525  Clinton  avenue.  Pu|)ils  are  admitted  at  the  age  of  eight  to  the  preparatory  course  and  to 
the  regular  course  about  four  years  later.  Special  attention  is  paid  to  English  composition  throughout  the 
course,  instruction  being  given  in  carefully  graded  classes  and  by  individual  criticism.  A  Latin  course  of 
four  years  is  a  feature  of  the  school.  At  present  the  staff  of  instructors  numbers  ten  and  the  number  of 
students  is  about  ninety. 

Mrs.  Goodwin's  School  for  Girls  is  pleasantly  situated  at  154  Montague  street  in  a  handsomely  fur- 
nished and  decorated  house,  where  the  system  of  individual  instruction  is  fully  carried  out.  This  is 
emphatically  a  "parlor  school,"  and  is  conducted  by  its  founder,  Mrs.  R.  Goodwin  and  her  partner  Miss 
Agnes  Goodwin.  Mrs.  Goodwin  is  a  native  of  Germany,  and  makes  the  language  of  that  country  a  specialty 
in  her  school  with  great  success.  Miss  Goodwin  is  a  native  of  Boston,  Mass.,  where  she  won  a  high  repu- 
tation as  a  teacher,  and  had  high  social  connections.  She  became  a  partner  of  Mrs.  Goodwin  in  the  fall 
of  1891. 

The  Berkeley  Institute  for  Young  Ladies,  which  occupies  the  double  villa,  183  and  185  Lincoln 
place,  was  incorporated  in  1886  and  placed  under  the  charge  of  twenty-two  trustees,  of  which  board  Mayor 
Boody  is  the  president.  The  institute  is  under  the  direction  of  Miss  Charlotte  E.  Hayner,  assisted  by  an 
able  corps  of  teachers.  The  intention  is  to  provide  the  residents  of  the  Park  slope  with  thorough  education 
for  their  daughters  in  a  private  and  homelike  school,  where  healthy  environment  and  good  physical  training 
can  be  added  to  mental  work. 

Professor  Dughee's  School  for  Young  Ladies  and  Children  is  at  139  Clinton  street,  and  has 
long  had  an  excellent  reputation  as  a  preparatory  school  for  children  and  as  an  academic  school  for  girls. 
Professor  Joseph  Dughee  has  had  great  e.xperience  in  education  in  this  city,  and  has  been  the  founder  of 
several  schools. 

Miss  Hall's  School  for  Young  Ladies,  at  50  Monroe  place,  has  been  established  for  several  years  under 
the  direction  of  its  present  principal,  who  has  recently  associated  with  herself  Miss  Anna  Mitchell,  and  has 
adapted  her  house  to  receive  resident  pupils.  The  school  is  well  known  as  one  of  the  most  fashionable  in 
the  city. 

smaller  private  schools. 

The  Prospect  Park  Institute,  a  scientific  English  classical  and  commercial  school  for  boys,  was 
opened  at  1 10  Prospect  place,  near  Flatbush  avenue,  in  September,  1883,  by  R.  E.  Dodge,  formerly  instructor 
in  the  Annapolis  Naval  Academy.  The  principal  has  had  much  experience  as  a  practical  engineer  and  the 
tread  of  the  school  is  naturally  scientific. 

The  St.  Luke's  Acade.my  of  the  German  Evangelical  Lutheran  St.  Luke's  Church,  located  at  163 
Carlton  avenue,  was  erected  in  1878,  under  the  direction  of  Pastor  Baden.  The  present  director  is  the 
pastor,  the  Rev.  H.  Ludwig. 

The  Bedford  Institute  was  established  in  1878  by  Miss  Purdy  at  195  McDonough  street.  The 
school  is  located  at  221  McDonough  street.  A  kindergarten  department  has  recently  been  added  which  is 
conducted  on  the  German  system  now  so  thoroughly  accepted.  The  work  is  carried  through  the  academic 
grades.     The  art  department  is  large  and  well  equipped. 

The  New  York  Avenue  Institute  was  established  by  Misses  Parsons  and  Dennen,  on  Bergen  street, 
where  they  conducted  it  for  seven  years.  Mrs.  E.  H.  Sanborn  purchased  the  school  in  1892.  The  school 
had  previously  been  conducted  for  about  four  years  at  its  present  location  on  the  corner  of  New  York 
avenue  and  Pacific  street. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ferris  for  several  years  conducted  a  boarding  school  for  children  on  Bushwick  avenue, 
near  Steuben  street.  Recently  they  moved  to  494  Greene  avenue,  where  the  school  is  continued  on  the 
same  lines  as  before. 

De  ViLLEROv's  School  of  Languages,  at  126  Joralemon  street,  was  founded  in  1882  as  a  branch  of  the 
Berlitz  school  of  New  York.     Three  years  ago  Prof.  De  Villeroy  purchased  the  school  from  Dr.  Berlitz  and 


EDUCATIONAL   INSTITUTIONS 


755 


is  its  present  director.  Prof.  De  Villeroy  is  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Paris  and  stands  deservedly 
high  as  an  educator. 

The  Stearn's  School  of  Languages  was  established  in  1880  by  Prof.  Sigmen  M.  Stearn  as  a  branch 
of  his  school  in  New  York  city.  It  has  always  occupied  quarters  on  Montague  street  and  is  at  present 
located  on  that  thoroughfare. 

The  Friends'  School  has  been  conducted  for  thirty  years  in  the  Friends'  meeting  house  on  Schermer- 
horn  street. 

KINDERGARTENS. 

The  Froebel  Kindergarten  was  founded  in  1876  by  the  Misses  Sharpe,  its  present  proprietors,  on  the 
lines  laid  down  by  Friedrich  Froebel,  the  great  German  educator.  The  school  was  first  located  on  Fulton 
street,  opposite  Johnson,  but  a  year  later  moved  to  76  Montague  street,  where  it  remained  for  two  years ; 
for  eleven  years  Clinton  street  and  Atlantic  avenue  was  the  location  but,  in  1890,  the  school  returned  to 
Montague  street  and  occupied  the  house  at  No.  no.  The  school  is  the  longest  established  in  one  city  of 
the  kindergartens  in  the  United  States.  The  system  of  the  school  is  individual  instruction  for  very 
young  children. 

The  Froebel  Academy  was  incorporated  in  June,  1883,  and  opened  for  instruction  the  following 
September.  It  was  the  outgrowth  of  the  efforts  of  a  few  earnest  people  who  felt  the  need  up-town  of  a 
school  which  should  carry  the  principles  of  the  kindergarten  through  the  early  years  of  education.  The 
founders  and  first  board  of  trustees  were  :  Dr.  Ale.x.  Hutchins,  Geo.  W.  Hebard,  James  Richmond,  Charles 
H.  Chadwick,  Mrs.  C.  W.  Chadwick,  Mrs.  A.  W.  Tenney,  W.  E.  Uptegrove  and  Geo.  G.  Brooks.  The  first 
principal  was  Miss  M.  E.  Laing.  In  1886  Miss  Laing  was  succeeded  by  Miss  Gertrude  A.  Adams.  In  1889 
the  direction  of  the  school  was  taken  by  Miss  Caroline  W.  Hotchkiss,  with  Miss  E.  D.  Hotchkiss  in  charge 
of  the  kindergarten  and  primary  department.  Much  of  the  success  of  the  school  is  due  to  the  Froebel 
Society,  an  association  of  mothers,  whose  children  attend  the  school.  In  1890  the  school  was  purchased  by 
the  late  Chas.  Pratt,  and  has  since  been  a  part  of  the  magnificent  institution  that  bears  his  name.  Al- 
though the  school  still  occupies  its  small  quarters  at  686-690  Lafayette  avenue,  its  work  has  proved  very 
beneficial  in  the  neighborhood.  The  distinguishing  aim  of  the  school  is  to  carry  the  kindergarten  princi- 
ples and  atmosphere  through  all  the  departments,  to  bring  the  world  without  to  bear  naturally  upon  the 
thought  of  the  pupil,  and  in  this  scheme  of  education  the  school  has  proved  eminently  successful. 


CLAGHGRN'S   "BRYANT  &  STRATTON  "  BUSINESS  COLLEGE. 

Charles  Claghorn,  the  proprietor  and  head  of  the  Brooklyn  "Bryant  &  Stratton  "  Business  College, 

is  a  practical  educator  and  has  had  a  full  share  in 
building  up  the  Bryant  &  Stratton  plan  of  interna- 
tional cooperative  business  education.  This  system 
embraces  a  chain  of  colleges  established  by  Messrs. 
Bryant  &  Stratton  in  the  principal  cities  of  the 
United  States  and  Canada.  While  each  of  the  allied 
institutions  is  independent  of  all  the  rest,  there  is  a 
comity  of  intercourse  existing  between  them  whereby 
uniformity  of  method  is  secured  and  certain  rela- 
tions are  maintained,  which  give  a  practical  turn  to 
the  course  of  study.  Mercantile  transactions  are 
carried  on  between  the  students  of  the  several  col- 
leges, by  aid  of  the  mails,  and  thus  the  young  men 
are  made  familiar  with  all  the  details  of  the  trans- 
portation office,  the  importing  and  jobbing  house, 
the  commission  house,  the  bank,  the  agency  bureau 
and  all  the  other  features  of  cosmopolitan  trade. 
Mr.  Claghorn  laid  the  foundation  for  his  success  in 
this  line  of  education  when  he  was  a  young  man  by 
getting  together  a  number  of  his  companions  for  the 
purpose  of  mutual  aid  in  various  branches  of  study, 
and  more  particularly  in  the  line  of  penmanship  and 
book-keeping.  This  course  he  supplemented  by  a 
course  of  study  at  the  Bryant  &  Stratton  Business 
College,  in  Albany,  and  when  he  had  finished  there 
he  went  to  Illinois.  A  clerkship  in  a  frontier  store 
CHARLES  CLAGHORN.  was  his  first  positiou  and   he  obtained    it   without 


75^ 


THE    EAGLE   AND    BROOKLYN. 


difficulty  or  delay,  but  he  was  too  ambitious  to  remain  in  a  subordinate  position  for  any  extended  period,  and 
s^ion  he  went  into  business  on  his  own  account.  Very  early  in  his  western  experience  he  had  established  a 
reputation  as  an  expert  accountant,  and  he  was  frequently  called  upon  by  others  to  assist  them  in  that  capac- 
ity. After  a  valuable  experience  in  the  west,  Mr.  Claghorn  returned  to  the  east  in  1865,  and  in  that  year 
took  up  the  profession  of  a  business  educator  ;  he  formed  a  partnership  with  S.  S.  Packard,  who  then  was 
managina,-  the  Commercial  College  in  New  York  city.  Ten  years  later,  in  February,  1875,  he  purchased  the 
Brooklyn^branch,  which  he  has  conducted  ever  since.  Mr.  Claghorn  is  a  New  Englander  by  birth,  and  his 
immediate  ancestors  were  natives  of  Scotland,  who  included  in  their  number  several  men  who  won  reputa- 
tion as  ship-builders  and  mariners.  He  was  born  in  Williamsburgh,  Mass.,  on  November  13,  1836.  As  a 
resident  of  Brooklyn  he  has  proven  himself  a  valuable  member  of  the  community  in  other  directions  than 
in  his  special  vocation.  He  is  an  official  in  the  department  of  political  and  economic  science  of  the 
Brooklvn  Institute,  and  he  is  one  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  Civil  Service  Reform  Association  of 
Brooklyn.  The  various  charitable  and  philanthropic  institutions  of  the  city  enlist  his  hearty  sympathy,  and 
he  is  a  ready  worker  in  any  cause  that  is  promotive  of  the  general  welfare.  Mr.  Claghorn  has  lately  been 
elected  vice-president  of  the  Mercantile  Cooperative  Bank  of  New  York  city. 


One  of  the  most  thoroughly  practical  educational  institutions  in  Brooklyn  is  Kissick's  Business  College, 
of  which  W.  A.  Kissick,  A.  M.,  is  the  principal.  The  college  is  located  at  45,  47  and  49  Ashland  place,  and 
is  designed  especially  for  the  training  of  young  men  and  women  for  business  occupations,  but  it  affords 
opportunity  for  classical  and  other  studies  connected  with  preparation  for  admission  to  university  courses, 
and  it  includes  a  preparatory  department  for  those  pupils  whose  ordinary  education  is  not  sufficiently 
advanced  to  enable  them  to  enter  the  commercial  classes.     An  excellent  feature  in  the  institution  is  the 


EDUCATIONAL    INSTITUTIONS. 


757 


provision  made  for  individual  instruction  and  study,  by  which  a  student  who  desires  it  may  have  a  separate 
room  m  which  to  pursue  the  studies  in  hand  under  the  personal  direction  of  the  instructor  The  college 
occupies  a  large  detached  building,  convenient  of  access,  in  the  business  centre  of  the  city  but  sufficiently 
retired  to  afford  that  degree  of  quiet  which  is  necessary  to  effective  study  ;  the  building  is 'three  stories  in 
height  above  a  high  basement,  and  is  well  lighted  by  large  windows  on  each  of  its  four  sides.  The  courses  of 
instruction  include  every  depart- 
ment of  an  ordinary  English  edu- 
cation, and   especially  the  art  of  '  ,.,  —  -,—„.,_„ .„,„.,,,,,,, 

writing  correctly,  together  with 
every  branch  of  knowledge  re- 
quired in  the  perfect  equipment 
of  clerks,  book-keepers  and  cash- 
iers, such  as  stenography,  type- 
writing, manifolding,  and  all  the 
arts  that  contribute  to  the  rapid 
transaction  of  business  in  these 
times.  For  the  benefit  of  those 
whose  days  are  occupied  and  who 
wish  to  add  to  their  education, 
short  evening  sessions  are  held. 
Professor  Kissick  established  his 
college  in  1872,  and  for  five  years 
conducted  it  as  a  private  school  ; 
in  1877  he  opened  it  publicly,  and 
since  then  it  has  been  uniformly 
prosperous. 

W.  A.  Kissick,  A.  M.,  was  born 
in  the  northern  part  of  Ireland 
on  August  2,  1844.  Until  he  was 
fifteen  years  old  he  was  obliged 
to  do  considerable  work  on  his 
father's  farm,  and  then  he  went  to 
Scotland,  where  subsequently  he 
was  graduated  at  the  Glasgow 
Academy.  In  1866  he  came  to 
America  with  his  sister,  and  in  the 
same  year  he  became  a  teacher  of 
book-keeping,  penmanship  and 
other  studies  at  Payne's  Business 
College  in  New  York.  Within  a 
few  weeks  he  was  transferred  to 
Brooklyn  to  take   charge  of  the 


KissicK's  Business  College. 


branch  of  the  college,  which  was  located  opposite  the  city  hall.  In  1871  this  institution  changed  hands  and 
he  returned  to  his  original  position  in  New  York.  He  left  it  to  take  charge  of  the  Thompson  Business 
College,  and  at  the  same  time  taught  book-keeping  and  penmanship  in  the  Rev.  Henry  B.  Chapin's  College, 
New  York,  and  after  school  hours,  holidays  and  nights  till  a  late  hour  he  gave  private  instruction.  Ill 
health  compelled  him  to  abandon  his  work  at  the  expiration  of  four  years  and  to  return  to  his  native  land, 
where  he  remained  for  nineteen  months.   After  his  return  he  inaugurated  his  present  enterprise  in  Brooklyn. 

BROWNE'S   BROOKLYN   BUSINESS  COLLEGE. 

Browne's  Brooklyn  Business  College  is  a  training  school  for  youth  of  both  sexes  in  accounts,  business 
affairs,  counting-house  details,  shorthand,  typewriting,  telegraphy,  etc.,  and  office  duties  generally.  The 
space  occupied  by  the  various  departments  is  nearly  10,000  superficial  feet,  and  each  section  is  fitted  up  in 
the  manner  most  appropriate  for  the  different  specialties  pursued.  The  commercial  students  each  have  a 
spacious  desk,  with  conveniences,  for  the  filing  of  papers,  etc.  There  are  also  separate  offices  for  banking 
and  other  leading  branches  of  business,  fitted  with  suitable  appliances.  The  erroneous  idea  that  a  business 
college  is  a  place  where  students  "  play  at  doing  business  "  is  dispelled  by  the  actual  work  done  here.  A 
system  of  individual  responsibility  is  established  ;  each  student's  work  is  carefully  scrutinized  and  criticized, 
the  relations  being  more  like  those  of  employer  and  clerk  than  of  scholar  and  teacher.     The  business  men 


758 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


Thomas  R.  Huou-.xk. 


of  our  own  and  the  adjoining  cities  have  long  since  learned  to  appreciate 
the  merits  of  students  trained  under  Mr.  Browne's  system  and  are  eager  to 
employ  them.  This  school  is  the  immediate  successor  of  "  Paine's  Writing 
Academy,"  an  institute  that  many  of  our  townspeople  who  sought  to  im- 
prove their  handwriting  in  the  "  forties  "  will  remember. 

Thomas  R.  Browne,  the  proprietor  of  the  school,  was  born  in  Stam- 
ford, Conn.,  in  1834.  He  early  came  to  New  York  and  followed  the 
business  of  accountant,  but  a  natural  bias  for  teaching  induced  him  to  take 
charge  of  the  commercial  department  of  Paine's  New  York  Commercial 
School  for  several  years.  In  1863  he  became  the  proprietor,  by  purchase, 
of  the  old  writing  academy,  and  at  once  set  about  e.xtending  its  sphere  of 
action.  Up  to  that  time  the  commercial  school  in  general  had  nothing 
better  than  copy  books,  and  little  more  than  an  idea  of  the  theory  of 
accounts  was  even  expected  from  them.  Mr.  Browne  at  once  originated 
systems  of  actual  business  practice,  and  demonstrated  that  lads  and  others 
could  go  direct  from  his  training  to  the  counting-house  and  take  charge  of 
books  and  attend  to  details,  often  excelling  in  skill  men  of  long  experience. 
The  perfection  of  the  writing  machine  marked  a  new  era  in  the  use  of  shorthand  writing  by  merchants  and 
professional  men,  and  gave  to  the  women  the  long-looked  for  "chance  in  business."  The  necessity  for 
amanuenses,  expert  in  both  arts,  was  soon  perceived  and  special  departments  were  organized  for  their 
benefit.  The  women  have  most  largely  responded  to  this  new  demand,  and  these  departments  are  but  little 
less  in  numbers  than  the  commercial  department.  More  than  half  a  hundred  machines  are  almost  constantly 
clicking  under  the  deft  fingers  of  the  fair  writers,  transcribing  into  plain  type  their  phonographic  hiero- 
glyphics, previously  taken  down  from  dictation,  given  by  the  shorthand 

'     "~™~ '      teacher  in  her  special  room.     Mr.  Browne's  eldest  son,  Edmond  C.  Browne, 

the  practical  business  man  of  the  establishment,  drills  these  students  in  the 
exact  kind  of  work  that  will  be  required  of  them  from  future  employers. 
He  spent  several  years  in  New  York  business  houses  to  prepare  for  his 
future  profession  and  is  an  accomplished  penman,  an  authority  in  accounts, 
author  of  business  college  text-books  and  a  most  acceptable  teacher.  The 
continuous  sessions  and  evening  instruction  of  this  school  are  some  of  the 
features  which  distinguish  it  from  other  educational  institutions  and  show 
that  the  faculty  are  indefatigable  in  the  cause  of  practical  education.  Mr. 
Browne  has  never  allowed  the  mere  management  of  his  business  to  engross 
all  his  time,  but  has  always  taken  the  leading  part  in  teaching,  never  being 
wiUing  to  depend  upon  assistants  entirely — though  they  are  carefully 
selected.  The  register  of  this  school  for  the  thirty-third  year  shows  a 
■  I  larger  enrollment  than  for  any  year  of  its  past  history.  The  many  students 
I  in  attendance  whose  fathers  were  educated  here  for  mercantile  life  con- 
clusively proves  that  Mr  Browne  retains  the  confidence  of  his  patrons. 
The  college  was  first  located  in  the  Whitehouse  buildings  on  Fulton  street. 
It  now  occupies  the  whole  upper  portion  of  the  fine  double  building  built  by  the  late  Dr.  George  Cochran, 
at  306  Fulton  street. 

LONG  ISLAND  BUSINESS   COLLEGE. 

The  Long  Island  Business  College  was  organized  in  1873  with  twelve  students,  and  it  has  grown 
yearly  since  then  until  it  has  an  attendance  of  nearly  seven  hundred  students  annually.  Henry  C.  Wright, 
the  proprietor  and  principal,  was  born  in  Canada  on  the  St.  Lawrence  in  1843.  He  inherited  from  his  father 
a  gift  for  teaching,  and  added  to  it  a  practical  talent  for  business.  He  studied  accounts  and  correspondence 
m  his  father's  business,  and  after  obtaining  a  practical  school  education,  was  graduated  at  the  Friends' 
College,  Picton,  Ont.,  now  Pickering  College,  Toronto,  and  later  attended  the  Toronto  Normal  School.  He 
taught  in  the  public  schools  in  Canada,  and  in  1869  came  to  the  United  States  and  engaged  in  the  accounting 
busmess  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia  with  an  experienced  French  accountant.  He  spent  one  year  at  this 
employment,  and  then  came  to  Brooklyn,  where  he  engaged  in  business  college  work.  In  1890  Mr.  Wright 
purchased  the  property  143,  145,  147  and  149  South  Eighth  street,  and  a  year  later  commenced  demolishing 
the  old  buildings  thereon  to  make  room  for  his  present  college  building,  which  cost  him  nearly  one  hundred 
thousand  dollars,  and  has  accommodations  for  eight  hundred  students,  with  every  modern  appliance  for  the 
work  of  commercial  instruction. 


Edmond  C.  Browne. 


The  Buooklyn  Library. 


LITERATURE  AND  THE  FINE  ARTS. 


ROOKLYN  never  has  been  a  literary  centre.  It  is  not  in  accordance  witii 
modern  conditions  that  it  should  be.  If  we  measure  the  intellectual  force  of  a 
community  by  the  highest  standard,  there  is  no  longer  any  city  that  can,  in  a 
strict  sense,  be  called  a  literary  centre.  In  this  cosmopolitan  age  when  the 
facilities  for  travel  and  quick  communication  have  made  every  city  in  some  sort 
the  suburb  of  every  other,  a  universally  acknowledged  home  of  letters  is  an 
impossibility.  We  cannot  now,  as  in  the  days  when  from  Florence,  Paris,  Edin- 
burgh, or  Weimar  went  forth  the  epoch-making  creations  which  left  their  stamp 
upon  the  century,  look  to  any  one  source  for  our  edification  and  instruction. 
The  roving  genius  of  our  time  is  against  it.  Henceforward  a  city  must  gratify  its  pride  of  intellect  by 
claiming  for  itself  some  part  of  the  glory  of  all  the  distinguished  men  who  have  called  it  their  home,  either 
by  birthright  or  adoption,  in  whatever  quarter  of  the  wide  earth  their  laurels  have  been  won.  Thus, 
though  Brooklyn  has  never  been  a  literary  centre  nor  exercised  in  that  broad  sense  a  dominant  intellectual 
influence  upon  the  country,  we  can  yet  boast  of  poets,  authors,  orators  and  scholars  who  have  been  born 
within  our  boundaries  and  of  a  host  who  have  made  this  city  their  life-long  home. 

The  clergymen  of  Brooklyn  have  been  worthily  prominent  in  American  literature.  Henry  Ward 
Beecher,  whose  profound  wisdom,  moving  eloquence,  and  steadfast  efforts  to  humanize  Christianity  as  well 
as  to  christianize  humanity,  had  made  him  the  idol  of  the  nation  as  well  as  the  object  of  sincere  respect 
abroad,  has  done  more  than  any  other  man  to  shed  glory  upon  the  city  of  his  adoption  and  to  entitle  it  to 
a  place  in  the  intellectual  annals  of  the  land.  Beecher's  contributions  to  literature  are  numerous  and 
varied.  The  most  notable  of  his  early  books  was  the  famous  "  Lectures  to  Young  Men,"  published  during 
his  western  pastorate.  "Pleasant  Talk  About  Fruits,  Flowers  and  Farming"  [1859],  consisted  of  his  con- 
tributions as  editor  to  the  Fanner  and  Gardener.  His  Independent  articles,  signed  with  the  well-known  star, 
attained  wide  celebrity;    in  1855  these  articles  appeared  in  book  form  as  the  "  Star  Papers;"  they  deal 


760 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


Edward  Eggleston. 


with  the  manifold  problems  and  aspects  of  art  and 
nature  in  that  large  human  spirit  which  is  charac- 
teristic of  all  Beecher's  utterances.  A  second 
series  of  "  Star  Papers "  appeared  three  years 
afterward,  which  treated  more  specifically  of  re- 
ligious experiences  ;  in  England  the  latter  volume 
was  republished  as  "Summer  in  the  Soul."  The 
appearance  of  the  "  Plymouth  Collection  of  Hymns 
and  Tunes,"  in  1855,  under  his  editorship,  marked 
an  era  in  Congregational  church  music.  This 
collection  became  the  model  for  all  subsequent 
hymn  books.  In  1870,  when  The  Christian  Union 
was  established,  Beecher  became  its  editor-in- 
chief.  Prior  to  this  a  series  of  papers  had  been 
printed  in  The  New  York  Ledger  and  attracted 
universal  attention  by  the  keen  but  kindly  obser- 
vation they  evinced,  as  well  as  by  the  lofty  thought 
and  gentle  humor  which  are  always  to  be  found 
side  by  side  in  Beecher's  deliverances.  These 
were  the  celebrated  "Thoughts  as  They  Occur, 
by  One  Who  Keeps  His  Eyes  and  Ears  Open." 
They  were  collected  under  the  title  of  "  Eyes 
and  Ears."  We  have  one  novel  from  his  pen, 
"  Norwood,"  which  he  published  in  1867.  It  con- 
tains a  fine  and  delicate  delineation  of  village  life 
in  New  England  thirty  years  ago.  It  is  filled  with 
the  atmosphere  which  he  had  breathed  in  his 
cradle,  and  represents  that  wonderful  mixture 
of  energy  and  asceticism  in  the  New  England 
character  which  thus  far  throughout  the  history  of  our  country  has  proved  powerful  enough  to  leaven 
the  whole  lump. 

Beecher's  books  for  the  most  part  were  accidental,  were  formed  that  is,  by  the  gradual  accretion  of 
brief  essays  or  oral  utterances.  One  extensive  work,  however,  he  did  attempt,  but  left  it  unfortunately  a 
fragment  to  be  completed  by  other  hands.  This  was  the  early  heralded,  long  expected  "  Life  of  Christ." 
The  old  story  is  told  with  dramatic  fervor  and  impressive  solemnity,  but  it  breaks  off  at  the  Sea  of  Galilee, 
when  "  the  voice  ceased."  No  other  work  of  a  large  scope  was  ever  attempted  by  him.  During  forty 
years  of  uninterrupted  pulpit  labor  he  preached  to  one  of  the  largest  congregations  in  America,  and  to 
an  audience  of  many  tens  of  thousands  besides,  not  present  in  the  body,  to  whom  his  sermons  were 
reported  week  for  week.  Something  more  than  fifteen  volumes  of  these  sermons  have  been  published.  The 
Lectures  on  Preaching,  which  were  delivered  before  the  divinity  students  of  Yale  College  in  the  early  part 
of  the  seventies,  have  been  collected  into  three  volumes,  which  are  among  the  most  valuable  of  all  Beecher's 
writings.     His  sermons  delivered  in  the  White  Mountains  appeared  under  the  title  of  "A  Summer  Parish." 

[1874.] 

To  every  cause  that  proposed  the  advancement  of  the  human  race,  to  every  political  movement  that 
promised  to  subserve  the  higher  interests  of  his  country,  Beecher  lent  the  power  of  his  oratory.  Some  of  his 
addresses  and  separate  lectures  were  printed  in  the  volume  entitled  "  Freedom  and  War."  The  oration 
which  he  delivered  on  the  occasion  of  the  Burns'  centennial  celebration  in  1859  is  generally  considered  his 
finest  effort.  But  to  the  mind  of  tlie  patriotic  American,  when  the  name  of  Beecher  is  mentioned,  there 
occurs  first  of  all  the  memory  of  his  soul-stirring  career  in  England  when  our  land  was  sunk  in  the  depths 
of  civil  war.  It  is  one  of  the  grand  scenes  in  the  history  of  that  war,  that  before  a  hostile  audience  by  the 
simple  indomitable  will  of  manhood  he  should  at  Mst  obtain  a  hearing  and  then  speak  with  such  over- 
whelming eloquence  that  what  he  began  amid  angry  hisses  he  ended  amid  enthusiastic  cheers.  These 
"  Speeches  on  the  American  Rebellion  "  were  published  in  London  in  1864,  and  contributed  more  than  any 
other  agency  towards  changing  the  popular  sentiment  in  Great  Britain  in  those  trying  days.  These  and 
other  addresses,  some  of  which  were  included  in  earlier  volumes,  have  been  reprinted"  lately,  under  the 
title  "  Patriotic  Addresses."  Of  his  various  sayings  and  fugitive  writings  several  collections  have  been 
made;  one  such  was  culled  in  England  and  has  since  appeared  in  America  as"  Royal  Truths."  Edna  Dean 
Proctor  issued  a  collection  of  his  utterances  under  the  title  of  "  Life  Thoughts."  Similar  compilations 
have   been  made   by   others  ;  among   them   Dr.  Lyman  Abbott,  who  has  also  written   a  life  of  his  great 


LITERATURE    AND    THE    FINE    ARTS. 


761 


predecessor,  in  connection  witii  whicli  mention  should  be  made  of  Mr.  John  R.  Howard's  "  Henry  Ward 
Beecher,  a  Study,"  which  is,  perhaps,  the  most  careful  analysis  of  Mr.  Beecher's  character  and  mental 
processes  yet  published.  Mr.  Howard's  personal  and  literary  relations  with  Mr.  Beecher  for  many  years 
abundantly  qualified  him  for  this  work. 

Beecher's  successor  and  biographer,  Rev.  Lyman  Abbott,  D.  D.,  was  for  some  time  his  associate  on  the 
Christian  Union,  and  upon  Beecher's  retirement  he  became  its  editor-in-chief.  He  has  always  devoted  a 
large  portion  of  his  time  to  literary  pursuits.  For  a  time  he  had  charge  of  the  "  Literary  Record  "  of 
Harper  s  Magazine,  and  edited  the  Illustrated  Christian  Weekly.  He  is  the  author  of  several  important 
pamphlets  ;  especially  instructive  in  his  discussion  of  the  "  Results  of  Emancipation  in  the  United  States," 
which  appeared  in  1867.  Dr.  Abbott  prepared  also  a  "  Dictionary  of  Bible  Knowledge,"  and  an 
"Illustrated  Commentary  on  the  New  Testament,"  in  four  volumes;  in  these  works  the  author  has 
rendered  invaluable  assistance  to  clerical  as  well  as  to  lay  students  of  the  scriptures.  We  have  also 
from  Dr.  Abbott's  pen  "  Jesus  of  Nazareth,"  1869  ;  "  Old  Testament  Shadows  of  New  Testament  Truths," 
1870,  and  "A  Layman's  Story,"  1872.  His  latest  work,  given  to  the  public  in  1892,  contains  an  exposition 
of  religious  truths  from  the  broad  view  point  of  modern  progressive  thought  and  in  the  catholic  spirit 
which  we  are  accustomed  to  expect  from  the  occupant  of  Plymouth  pulpit.  .  The  book  is  entitled  "  The 
Evolution  of  Christianity." 

In  reviewing  the  literary  life  of  Brooklyn,  as  represented  by  the  clergy  of  the  city,  the  name  of  John 
White  Chadwick  deserves  special  emphasis,  for  although  holding  an  important  pastoral  charge,  he  is 
essentially  the  man  of  letters.  He  represents  the  most  advanced  thought  of  the  Unitarian  community. 
His  discourses  were  for  a  time  issued  serially,  but  it  is  through  his  books  that  he  has  exerted  the  widest 
influence.  It  was  during  the  latter  part  of  the  seventies  that  he  began  to  draw  attention  to  himself  by  his 
broad  vigorous  treatment  of  the  highest  problems  of  religious  life  and  human  conduct  ;  "  The  Bible  of 
To-day,"  "The  Faith  of  Reason,"  and  "  Some  Aspects  of  Religion  "  were  among  his  earlier  writings,  but 
the  work  which  attained  the  greatest  celebrity  and  roused  the  fiercest  discussion  was  "  The  Man  Jesus," 
which  appeared  in  1881.  It  is  his  steadfast  endeavor,  both  in  his  preaching  and  in  his  writing,  to  present 
the  ethical  aspects  of  religion,  disregarding  theology  and  dogma.  To  him  conduct  is  more  than  "three- 
fourths  of  human  life,"  and  the  relations  of  faith  to  conduct  he  has  discussed  in  a  book  which  came  out 
in  the  same  year  as  "  The  Man  Jesus,"  entitled  "  Belief  and  Life."  One  of  his  earliest  publications  was 
a  volume  of  poems  ;  among  the  more  recent  are  "  A  Christmas  Fantasy,"  and  in  1885,  "  A  Daring  Faith." 
Books    are     written     to-day    unconsciously. 

Whoever  devotes  himself  to  intellectual  pursuits 

will  find  that  his  bo(jks  have  written  themselves  ; 

while  he  lives  and  labors  there  will  be  an  uninter- 
rupted production  of  them.     The  annals  of  the 

Brooklyn   pulpit    are    replete    with    distinguished 

names  ;  there  is  scarcely  a  clergyman  but  he  is 

in  this  sense  an  author  too.    Some  listener  is  ever 

ready  to  catch  up  his  utterances  as  they  fall  and 

gather  them   into  a    book  ;    sketches,   magazine 

articles,  and  the  like  gradually  accumulate,  divide 

naturally  into  categories,  and  so  crystallize  into 

books.     In  most  works  which  arose  in  this  way 

the    permanence  of    the    literary    form    was    not 

originally  contemplated.      Upon    productions    of 

this  sort  rests  the  claim  of  nearly  every  pastor 

in   Brooklyn  to  a  place  in  the  literary  history  of 

our  city,  and  the  claim  is  a  legitimate  one  ;  their 

works  cover  a  vast  and  varied  range  of  intellectual 

activity.     We  are  obliged,  however,  to  select  from 

the  embarrassing  wealth  three  names,  represent- 
ing a  literary  range  from  the  most  scholarly  to 

the   most   popular.      These    are    Dr.    Storrs,   Dr. 

Cuyler,  and  Dr.  Talmage. 

The  scholarly  polish  and   profound   thought 

which  characterize  the  orations  and  writings  of 

Rev.  Dr.  Richard  S.  Storrs  have  become  sym- 
bolized in  his  name.  No  great  public  and  com- 
memorative function  was  ever  considered  complete 


Ephraim  George  Squier. 


^62  THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 

unless  graced  by  the  dignity  of  his  eloquence.  No  collection  of  his  orations  and  addresses  has  yet  been 
made  but  several  series  of  his  lectures  have  appeared  in  book  form.  Ten  lectures  which  he  delivered 
before  the  Union  Theological  Seminary  and  the  Lowell  Listitute  on  "  The  Divine  Origin  of  Christianity  " 
were  published  in  Boston,  in  1880,  and  to  this  work  belongs,  perhaps,  the  highest  place  among  all  his 
writings,  both  in  pdint  of  erudition  and  literary  finish.  Dr.  Storrs  is  himself  a  New  Englander,  and 
considerable  imjiortance  was  attached  to  his  address  before  the  New  England  Society  in  New  York,  in 
1857,  on  the  "Puritan  Scheme  of  National  Growth."  His  two  superb  orations  in  commemoration  of 
Lincoln,  belong  to  the  finest  specimens  of  contemporary  literature  at  that  great  crisis.  The  calm  judicial 
breadth  of  his  mind  was  evinced  in  an  address  which  caused  much  comment  at  the  time  on  "  The  Attractions 
of  Romanism  for  Educated  Protestants."  The  generous  fairness  of  his  tone  called  forth  a  graceful 
acknowledgment  from  the  greatest  English  defender  of  the  Roman  faith.  Cardinal  Newman.  It  is  a  matter 
of  regret  that  his  numerous  and  invaluable  contributions  to  literature  have  not  yet  received  a  permanent 
and  accessible  form,  but  remain  hidden  away  in  pamphlets  and  newspapers.  Such  a  wealth  of  wisdom  as 
is  contained  in  his  "  iNLanliness  in  the  Scholar"  [1883J,  and  "Broader  Range  and  Outlook  of  the  Modern 
College  Training"  [1887],  ought  to  be  made  easily  accessible  to  every  thoughtful  man  that  he  might 
re-read  and  ponder  them. 

Not  less  closely  associated  with  the  intellectual  life  of  this  city  is  the  name  of  Rev.  Dr.  Theodore  L. 
Cuyler.  His  sermons  and  temperance  tracts  have  penetrated  to  every  quarter  of  this  country,  and  even  to 
remote  lands.  The  attractive  titles  of  his  very  numerous  books  have  become  like  the  familiar  names  of 
friends  in  thousands  of  homes  throughout  the  land.  "  Stray  Arrows,"  "  The  Empty  Crib,"  "  Heart  Life," 
"  Thought  Hives,"  "  Wayside  Springs,"  "  Pointed  Papers,"  and  in  1884  appeared  a  work  of  much  pithy 
wisdom,  called  "  Right  to  the  Point."  Three  years  before  Dr.  Cuyler  had  published  an  account  of  his 
travels,  entitled  "  From  the  Nile  to  Norway."  He  has  been  an  indefatigable  contributor  to  the  religious 
press,  and  a  large  volume  of  his  writings  on  miscellaneous  religious  topics  has  been  compiled  and  translated 
both  into  the  Dutch  and  Swedish  languages.  His  latest  book,  which  appeared  in  1S92,  bears  the  title, 
"  Stirring  the  Eagle's  Nest." 

But  the  most  prolific  writer  among  the  clergymen  of  Brooklyn,  and,  since  the  death  of  Spurgeon,  prob- 
ably the  most  widely  known  pulpit  orator  in  the  world,  is  Rev.  Dr.  T.  DeVVitt  Talmage.  His  distinction  is  that 
of  a  popular  lecturer,  and  his  Sunday  addresses,  which  he  delivers  to  phenomenally  large  audiences,  are 
conceived  in  that  spirit,  enforcing  practical  and  moral  truth  by  homely  and  pregnant  illustration.  These 
discourses  are  published  weekly  in  nearly  six  hundred  journals,  both  religious  and  secular,  and  are  translated 
into  various  languages  ;  and  yet  this  constitutes  but  a  small  part  of  this  man's  wonderful  activity.  He  is 
the  author  of  innumerable  sketches,  editorials,  essays,  and,  we  had  almost  said,  innumerable  books  ;  it 
would  certainly  be  inconvenient  to  give  a  complete  catalogue  of  his  writings  here.  Besides  the  many 
volumes  of  his  sermons,  which  are  doubtless  the  best  known  productions  of  his  pen,  there  should  be 
mentioned  among  the  more  successful  works,  "  Crumbs  Swept  Up,"  "  Around  the  Tea  Table,"  "  Every  Day 
Religion,"  and,  more  recently,  "  The  Marriage  Ring,"  1886.  Dr.  Talmage  is  a  constant  writer  for  periodical 
literature,  and  is  himself  the  editor  of  The  Christian  Herald.  His  much  discussed  visit  to  the  criminal 
haunts  of  New  York  received  literary  expression  in  "Night  Sides  of  City  Life,"  1878.  It  is  within  the 
bounds  of  moderate  statement  to  say  that  no  living  writer  addresses  both  by  voice  and  pen  so  vast  an 
audience  weekly  as  does  Dr.  Talmage. 

We  have  referred  to  another  class  of  book  producers  whose  volumes  form  themselves  by  a  gradual  and 
natural  process  out  of  their  contributions  to  magazines  and  other  periodicals  :  articles  which  often  were 
written  under  stress  of  circumstances  or  to  fit  the  exigency  of  some  special  occasion,  but  which  neverthe- 
less were  infused  with  sufficieiit  vital  force  to  give  them  permanent  value  and  render  them  worthy  of  pres- 
ervation in  the  form  of  a  book.  To  this  vast  army  of  magazine  writers  and  journalists,  workers  in  a  field 
for  which  this  country  is  especially  distinguished  and  in  which  she  was  the  pioneer  among  the  nations  of 
the  earth,  Brooklyn  has  contributed  a  large  contingent.  Early  in  this  century  one  of  Brooklyn's  citizens 
contributed  an  article  to  a  New  York  daily  paper,  which  was  destined  to  become  one  of  the  historic  jokes  of 
journalism.  This  was  the  account  by  Richard  Adams  Locke  of  the  observations  supposed  to  have  been 
made  by  Sir  John  Herschel,  the  younger,  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  and  contained,  among  other  startling 
revelations,  an  announcement  of  the  discovery  of  the  lunar  inhabitants.  The  style  was  so  plausible  and 
the  account  so  circumstantial  that  not  only  the  public,  but  many  scientific  men  were  deceived  into  a  serious 
discussion  of  it.  'I'his  was  the  famous  "Moon  Hoax."  It  was  reprinted  in  1871.  In  the  same  year  the 
author  died.  He  had  written  another  but  less  successful  hoax,  called  "The  Lost  Manuscript  of  Mungo 
Park," 

John  Flavel  Mines  was  another  prominent  journalist  of  those  early  days.  His  poem,  "  The  Heroes 
of  Lack  Lustre,"  achieved  considerable  popularity  in  the  ante-bellum  times,  and  to  lovers  of  literary  loung- 
ing he  is  still  well  known  through  his  pleasing  reminiscences,  "  A  Tour  around  New  York,  by  Felix  Oldboy," 


LITERATURE    AND    THE    FINE    ARTS. 


7^3 


now  republished  in  book  form  [1892].  David  M.  Stone,  the  editor  of  the  Journal  of  Commerce,  is  an  old-time 
resident  of  this  city,  although  he  is  identified  in  his  public  interests  with  New  York.  One  of  the  most 
widely  known  newspaper  men  in  this  country  is  a  native  of  Brooklyn,  and  was  long  connected  with  the 
Brooklyn  press,  Joseph  Howard,  Jr.,  but  he,  too,  has  all  his  interests  centred  in  the  Metropolis.  He  has 
published  a  graphic,  readable  and  trustworthy  life  of  Henry  Ward  Beecher.  But  it  is  not  of  these  that  we 
can  speak  here,  but  only  of  those  who  are  primarily  makers  of  books. 

For  many  years  this  city  has  been  the  home  of  the  pioneer  in  the  international  copyright  agitation, 
and  his  repeated  appeals  to  Congress  in  behalf  of  this  important  measure  bore  the  stamp  of  high  approval 
in  the  names  of  Irving,  Byrant  and  Bancroft.  This  was  Frederick  Saunders,  a  native  of  London,  who  came  to 
this  country  in  his  thirtieth  year  and  remained  here,  engaged  in  literary  work.  He  was  at  one  time  city  editor 
of  The  Evening  Post,  and  subsequently  assistant  librarian  and  librarian  of  the  Aster  Library.  He  wrote  a  des- 
criptive hand-book  of  London,  which  he  called  "  Memoirs  of  the  Great  Metropolis."     This  and  a  similar  book, 


"  New  York  in  a  Nut- 
interest  as  records  of  the 
half  a  century  ago.  From 
known  companion  books, 
and  "Salad  for  the 
passed  through  many 
and  in  New  York.  He 
same  time,  1853,  with 
"  The  Homes  of  Ameri- 
years  that  followed  Mr. 
number  of  books  :  "  Mo- 
Song,"  "  About  Women, 
more  recently,  in  1887, 
Famous  Books,"  com- 
much  valuable  informa- 
play  in  a  greater  or  less 
of  literary  leisure  which 
books;  all,  too,  have  been 
well  as  New  York,  and 
passed  through  several 
The  international 
augurated  by  Mr.  Saun- 
up  and  reinforced  by  the 
leteer  and  economist, 
In  addition  to  his  oner- 
Bowker  has  made  contri- 
political  economy,  which 
value  ;  of  these  are  his 
and      Wealth,"     "  Copy- 


JOHN  G.  SAXK. 


shell,"  are  still  of  much 
two  great  cities  nearly 
his  pen  too  came  the  well- 
"  Salad  for  the  Solitary" 
Social."  These  books 
editions,  both  in  London 
was  engaged  about  the 
Tuckerman  in  publishing 
can  Authors."  In  the 
Saunders  wrote  a  large 
saics,"  "  Festival  of 
Love,  and  Marriage,"  and 
"  The  Story  of  some 
bined  with  entertainment 
tion.  His  works  all  dis- 
degree  that  graceful  style 
characterize  his  "  salad  " 
published  in  London  as 
many  of  them "  have 
editions. 

copyright  agitation,  in- 
ders,  has  been  ably  taken 
accomplished  pamph- 
Richard  Rogers  Bowker. 
ous  editorial  work,  Mr. 
butions  to  the  science  of 
possess  a  permanent 
treatises,  "  On  Work 
ritrht,  its  Law  and  Liter- 


ature," and  in  1886  "  Economics  for  the  People."     His  labors  in  this  fruitful  field  continue  unremitting. 

On  the  roll  of  Brooklyn  journalists  the  name  of  Mrs.  Laura  Carter  Holloway-Langford  occupies  a 
prominent  place.  She  has  devoted  her  whole  life  to  literary  pursuits,  and  the  list  of  her  works  is  a 
long  one.  For  twelve  years  she  was  on  the  editorial  staff  of  the  Eagle.  Some  of  her  books  consist 
of  a  collected  series  of  articles,  as  "  The  Ladies  of  the  White  House  "  [1870]  and  "  I'he  Mothers  of  Great 
Men  and  Women"  [1884]  ;  others  are  general  compilations,  as  "The  Home  in  Poetry."  In  1885  Mrs. 
Langford  published  three  works,  of  a  biographical  character,  "Chinese  Gordon,"  "Howard,  the  Christian 
Hero,"  and  "Adelaide  Neilson."  One  of  lier  latest  publications  was 'entitled  "  The  Buddhist  Diet  Book." 
Some  ten  years  ago  she  gave  the  public  an  interesting  glimpse  of  the  author  of  "  Jane  Eyre  "  in  "  An  Hour 
with  Charlotte  Bronte." 

Foremost  among  the  female  poets  and  writers  of  verse  occurs  the  name  of  Edna  Dean  Proctor,  who 
won  her  first  laurels  with  a  volume  of  poems  which  was  published  in  Boston  in  1866.  In  1872  a  series  of 
her  descriptive  poems  appeared  entitled  "  A  Russian  Journey."  There  is  a  strong  and  virile  touch  in 
these,  and  a  wealth  of  brilliant  local  color  which  give  such  scenes  as  the  approach  to  Moscow  a  permanent 
place  in  the  memory.  In  a  recent  poem,  "  El  Mahdi,"  she  treats  with  vividness  and  sympathy  of  that  most 
dramatic  incident  of  modern  Egyptian  history.  Her  war  lyrics  are  abkize  with  the  fire  at  which  ardor  and 
enthusiasm  are  enkindled.  The  best  known  of  her  poems  are  probably  "  Heroes  "  and  "  By  the  Shenan- 
doah."    There  is  also  in  most  of  her  verse  a  depth  of  religious  fervor  which  reveals  the  source  of  much  of 


764 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 


her  best  inspiration.     In  connection  with  the  celebrations  of  1892  she  has  written  a  commemorative  ode 
entitled  "  Columbus'  Banner." 

For  many  years  past  it  has  been  our  privilege  to  number  among  the  residents  of  this  city  the  poetess 
and  traveler,  Mrs.  Alice  Wellington  Rollins.  Of  her  recent  journeyings  to  Alaska  and  to  Japan  Mrs. 
Rollins  has  given  the  public  a  charming  account,  but  it  is  by  her  poems  and  other  imaginative  writings  that 
she  is  o-enerally  known.  "A  Ring  of  Amethyst"  appeared  in  1878,  and  during  the  past  decade  we  have 
received  from  the  work-shop  of  her  fancy  "  The  Story  of  a  Ranch,"  "  All  Sorts  of  Children,"  and  "  The 
Three  Tetons." 

In  a  humbler  but  not  less  attractive  form  of  poetic  expression  Margaret  Elizabeth  Sangster,  the  editor 
of  Harper's  "  Young  People,"  has  distinguished  herself.  She  is  the  author  of  several  Sunday  School  books; 
her  "  Poems  of  the  Household  "  gained  an  extensive  circulation,  as  did  also  a  similar  work  which  she  pub- 
lished four  years  later  under  the  title,  "Home  Fairies  and  Heart  Flowers."  The  most  popular  of  all  her 
poems  are  the  verses  on  "  The  Sin  of  Omission,"  "  Are  the  Children  at  Home  ?"  and  "  Our  Own." 

The  women  of  Brooklyn  are  also  well  represented  in  novelistic  literature.  It  is  unnecessary  to  do  more 
than  mention  the  names  of  May  Agnes  Fleming  and  Laura  Jean  Libbey,  whose  extraordinary  popularity  is 
a  fact  to  which  the  booksellers  will  testify.  Among  those  who  deserve  their  success  by  the  literary 
quality  of  their  work  is  Virginia  Wales  Johnson,  who  was  born  in  this  city  in  1849.  To  Brooklyn,  therefore, 
as  much  as  to  any  American  city  belongs  the  credit  of  her  fame,  for  during  a  period  of  more  than  twenty 
years  she  has  made  her  home  in  Europe  ;  she  resides  at  present  in  Florence.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  she 
achieved  an  instant  success  with  her  "  Kettle  Club  "  series.  She  has  written  since  then  during  her  pro- 
longed sojourn  abroad  something  more  than  fifteen  novels.  One  of  the  most  charming  of  these,  attractive 
too  by  reason  of  its  local  theme  and  playful  fancy,  is  "  The  Catskill  Fairies."  The  travesty  of  the  American 
girl  with  which  Henry  James  has  imposed  upon  Europe  gave  rise  to  a  clever  work  by  Virginia  Johnson, 

entitled  "The  English  Daisy  Miller."  [1882.] 
The  most  widely  read  of  her  writings  are  probably 
"Joseph,  the  Jew  "  [1873],  "The  Neptune  Vase" 
[1881]  and  "  The  House  of  the  Musician,"  but 
beyond  them  all  "  The  Calderwood  Secret "  [1875], 
is  most  closely  associated  with  her  name.  Others 
of  her  novels  are  :  "  The  Treasure  Tower,  a  Tale 
of  Malta,"  "  The  Image  of  San  Donato,"  The  Terra 
Cotta  Bust  "  and  "  Two  Old  Cats." 

With  the  element  of  secrets  and  mystery  the 
name  of  another  Brooklyn  woman  is  still  more 
prominently  connected.  Anna  Katherine  Green 
was  born  here  in  1846.  Her  novels  are  exclu- 
sively detective  stories  and  enjoy  a  wide  popu- 
larity. The  first  and  most  famous,  "  The  Leaven- 
worth Case,"  appeared  in  1878  and  won  for  the 
young  authoress  universal  applause.  "  A  Strange 
Disappearance,"  "  The  Sword  of  Damocles," 
"XYZ,"  "  The  Hand  and  Ring,"  "The  Mill  Mys- 
tery," and  "  Seven  to  Twelve"  followed  in  quick 
succession  almost  year  for  year.  In  1882  she 
published  a  volume  of  poems,  and  in  1886  there 
appeared  a  powerful  dramatic  poem  from  her  pen, 
bearing  the  title,  "  Risifi's  Daughter."  These  have 
been  followed  by  :  "Shall  He  Marry  Her?"  "The 
Old  Stone  House,"  "A  Matter  of  Millions,"  "The 
Forsaken  Inn,"  "Cynthia  Wakeham's  Money" 
and  "  Behind  Closed  Doors." 
„  .  Of   the  younger   generation  Annie    Sheldon 

Coombs,  who  has  lived  m  Brooklyn  since  she  was  a  child,  has  won  her  way  to  prominence.      Her  first  story 

'«r  "ru  '".  '^^^'  "'^'  ^'O'^nion  Mortals."     In  the  following  year  appeared  "A  Game  of  Chance,"  and  in 
18&9      1  he  Garden  of  Armida." 

1  wo  familiar  names  must  find  a  place  here  among  the  writers  of  fiction,  although  they  wielded  the  pen 
not  in  the  interests  of  literary  art  solely  but  with  an  ulterior  practical  purpose.  These  are  Marion  Harland 
and  Helen  Campbell.  I  he  former,  Mrs.  Mary  Terhune,  began  her  literarv  career  in  1844,  when  only  four- 
teen years  of  age.     At  sixteen  she  wrote  the  sketch  "  Marrying  through  Prudential  Motives,"  which  had  so 


William  Hamilton  Gi 


LITERATURE   AND   THE    FINE    ARTS. 


765 


singular  a  history.  It  was  reprinted  in  England  and  translated  into  French  for  a  French  journal  ;  it  was 
then  translated  back  into  English  for  an  English  magazine,  and  in  this  altered  form  it  reappeared  in  this 
coun  ry.  She  was  also  editor  for  a  time  of  "  Babyland."  In  1853  she  wrote  a  novel  which  became  very 
popular;  It  was  entitled  "Alone"  and  portrayed  the  life  and  manners  at  the  South.  Several  others  of 
her  novels  have  had  a  marked  success.  They  deal  for  the  most  part  with  domestic  themes  ;  her  love  of  the 
home  has  led  her  to  prepare  a  series  of  manuals  on  domestic  economy,  and  in  dealing  with  these  problems 
of  housekeeping  she  has  received  important  assistance  from  her  daughter,  Mrs.  Herrick,  the  author  of 
"  Housekeeping  Made  Easy."  Mrs.  Terhune  has 
had  an  extensive  experience  as  editor  of  depart- 
ments in  "  Wide  Awake  "  and  "  St.  Nicholas."  '    -■ 

Helen  Campbell  also  entered  upon  the  field 
of  letters  at  an  early  age,  and  like  Marion  Har- 
land  has  always  been  eager  to  inculcate  the  prin- 
ciples of  common  sense  in  matters  of  domestic 
management.  But  the  energy  with  which  she 
attacked  the  problem  of  the  poor  in  our  great 
cities  deserves  special  recognition.  In  1886  she 
began  a  series  of  papers  in  the  JVew  York  Tribune 
on  the  working  women  of  New  York.  Four  years 
before  she  had  made  public  her  valuable  experi- 
ence in  a  book  called  "  The  Problem  of  the  Poor." 
During  the  brilliant  but  short-lived  career  of  the 
"  Continent  "  Helen  Campbell  was  its  literary  edi- 
tor. Her  popularity  was  established  by  the  "Ains- 
lee  Series,"  followed  by  "  Six  Sinners  "  [1878], 
"  Unto  the  Third  and  Fourth  Generation"  [1880J, 
"  The  What-to-do  Club  "  [1884],  and  many  others 
whose  titles  afford  an  evidence  of  the  serious  pur- 
pose that  underlies  them  all  and  to  which  the 
purely  artistic  element  is  subordinated  But  they 
are  full  of  interest  and  not  without  traces  of  the 
wit  and  pathos  which  dwell  side  by  side  with 
misery,  crime  and  suffering  in  those  conditions  of 
modern  society  of  which  she  treats. 

Not  the  least  gifted  and  certainly  among  the 
most  attractive  of  our  writers  of  fiction  are  those 
who  have  devoted  themselves  to  the  rational  amusement  of  the  young.  Foremost  among  these,  though  it 
is  perhaps  hardly  warrantable  to  classify  her  as  a  writer  of  fiction  solely,  is  Olive  Thorne  Miller.  This  lady 
came  to  Brooklyn  in  1877,  bringing  her  fame  with  her  as  the  author  of  juvenile  works  and  natural  history 
books  for  the  young.  The  best  evidence  of  her  excellent  qualifications  for  imparting  instruction  in  the 
most  delightful  manner  is  found  in  the  collection  of  her  scattered  papers  to  which  she  gave  the  name 
of  "  Little  Folks  in  Feather  and  Fur  "  [1S74].  Her  second  book  too  has  spread  joy  broadcast  among  the 
children  and  was  reprinted  from  the  serials  which  had  appeared  in  "St.  Nicholas"  in  1880,  entitled 
"  Nimpo's  Troubles."  To  these  have  since  been  added  in  a  similar  strain  of  playful  didactics  "  Queer  Pets 
at  Marcy's  "  and  '  Little  People  of  Asia."     Hers  is  an  inimitable  delicacy  and  childlike  grace  of  touch. 

If  we  introduce  the  name  of  Edward  Eggleston  at  this  point,  it  is  partly  because  some  of  his  most 
charming  books  have  been  designed  to  combine  entertainment  with  instruction  in  writing  for  the  young  ; 
in  this  he  has  received  invaluable  assistance  from  his  gifted  daughters.  Mrs.  Lillie  Eggleston  Seelye  pub- 
lished in  collaboration  with  her  father  that  delightful  series  of  biographies  for  young  readers  which  have 
for  their  theme  the  lives  of  celebrated  Indian  chiefs  :  "  Tecumseh  and  the  Shawnee  Prophet,"  "  Brant  and 
Red  Jacket,"  "  Pocahontas  and  Powhatan,"  "  Montezuma  and  the  Conquest  of  Mexico  "  have  already  fired 
the  imagination  of  many  an  American  lad.  This  year  [1893],  a  similar  series  has  been  inaugurated  under 
the  general  title  "  Delights  of  History."  Illustrations  by  Miss  Allegra  Eggleston  will  add  to  the  beauty  of 
this  series  which  begins  appropriately  to  this  season  of  celebration  with  "  The  Story  of  Columbus." 

Early  in  life  Edward  Eggleston  became  the  friend  of  the  rising  generation  through  his  "  Round  Table 
Stories  "  which  he  contributed  to  the  "  Little  Corporal."  His  papers  in  the  Independent  were  eagerly  looked 
for  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago,  where  they  were  published  over  the  signature  of  the  "  Pen  Holder,"  For 
five  years  he  was  pastor  of  the  "  Church  of  Christian  Endeavor  "  in  Brooklyn  and  succeeded  in  establishing 
the  organization  of  that  name  which  has  now  grown  to  such  colossal  proportions.     But  failing  health  sent 


John  W.  Chadwick. 


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THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


James  Carson  Brevoort. 


him  back  to  the  quieter  pursuits  of  literature.  Of 
the  many  novels  depicting  local  conditions  in  the 
various  sections  of  this  broad  land,  his  are  among 
the  most  popular.  They  are  wonderfully  vivid 
pictures  of  life  in  his  native  State  of  Indiana.  The 
best  known  of  his  books  in  this  vein  are  "  The 
Hoosier  Schoolmaster,"  which  he  published  in 
1871.  Twelve  years  after  came  "The  Hoosier 
School  Boy."  To  the  same  unique  category  be- 
long "  The  End  of  the  World,"  "  The  Mystery 
of  Indianapolisville,"  and  "  The  Circuit  Rider," 
though  these  do  not  complete  the  list  of  his  con- 
tributions to  fiction.  Nearly  all  of  these  books 
have  been  reprinted  in  England  and  several  have 
been  translated  into  other  languages.  His  "  His- 
tory of  Life  in  the  United  States"  began  to  appear 
chapterwise  in  "  The  Century." 

George  Cary  Eggleston,  a  brother  of  Edward, 
is  likewise  the  author  of  a  number  of  popular 
works.  Engaged  in  Brooklyn  and  New  York  jour- 
nalism since  1870,  in  the  intervals  of  his  special 
duties  he  found  time  not  only  to  make  regular 
contributions  to  the  magazines,  but  also  to  write 
a  series  of  entertaining  stories  of  American  life, 
such  as  "  Captain  Sam,"  "  The  Big  Brother,"  "  The 
Signal  Boys,"  and  many  others.  Something  in  the 
manner  of  his  brother's  American  Indian  series 
is  "  Red  Eagle  and  the  War  with  the  Creek  In- 
dians," history  touched  with  imagination  ;  his 
"  Strange  Stories  from  History  "  is  conceived  in  a  like  spirit.  Mr.  Eggleston  had  served  in  the  Con- 
federate Army  and  his  experiences  are  recorded  in  a  kindly  and  entertaining  vein  in  "A  Rebel's  Recollec- 
tions." Two  works  of  a  practical  turn,  though  among  the  earliest  of  his  writings,  are  )'et  the  outcome  of  a 
varied  personal  e.xperience  :  "How  to  Educate  Yourself,"  and  "  How  to  Make  a  Living."  He  has  further- 
more performed  a  real  service  to  American  scholars  by  editing  for  this  country  Haydn's  "  Dictionary  of 
Dates." 

Another  Brooklyn  family  has,  like  the  Egglestons,  attained  literary  distinction  through  both  sons  and 
daughters,  the  Conants.  Thomas  Jefferson  Conant,  who  after  several  years  of  study  in  Germany,  settled  in 
this  city  in  1857,  was  the  greatest  Hebraist  of  his  time.  Besides  rendering  scholarship  an  important 
service  in  editing  with  philological  and  critical  apparatus  the  Hebrew  te.xts  of  a  number  of  Old  Testament 
books,  he  prepared  a  Hebrew  Grammar  wiiich  is  accepted  both  in  England  and  America  as  the  standard 
text-book.  He  was  also  connected  with  the  revision  of  the  authorized  version.  In  line  with  this  work  his 
wife  wrote  a  "Popular  History  of  English  Bible  Translation."  Translations  of  Neander's  Commentaries  and 
of  a  number  of  the  writings  of  Strauss  are  also  from  the  pen  of  Mrs.  Conant.  Their  son  Samuel  Stillman 
Conant  was  engaged  in  newspaper  work,  and  from  1869  until  his  mysterious  disappearance  in  1885  was  the 
managing  editor  of  Harper  s  Weekly.  We  have  by  him  an  excellent  translation  of  Lermontoff's  "  Circassian 
Boy."  His  wife,  Helen  Conant,  is  a  frequent  contributor  to  magazines  and  has  written  a  clever  little  book 
called  "  Butterfly  Hunters,"  She  has  also  prepared  two  primers  of  German  and  of  Spanish  literature,  which 
are  models  of  their  kintl. 

In  the  department  of  the  historical  novel  Brooklyn  may  claim  as  her  own  son  one  of  the  most  eminent 
representatives.  Edwin  Lasetter  Bynner  was  born  in  this  city  in  1842.  After  practising  law  for  many 
years,  in  1886  he  abandoned  the  bar  f(jr  literature.  His  historical  novels  are  among  the  most  admirable  we 
possess  from  the  pen  of  an  American.  When  he  wrote  the  books  which  gained  him  his  first  successes, 
"Nimport"  and  "Penelope's  Suitors,"  he  was  still  engaged  in  his  profession  ;  the  first  fruit  of  his  literary 
leisure  was  "  Agnes  Surriage  ; "  most  admirable  of  all  his  efforts  is  "  The  Begum's  Daughter."  A  new  his- 
torical ncn-el,  just  announced  [1892],  bears  the  title  "  Zachary  Phips,"  and  gives  the  pleasing  promise  that 
much  is  yet  to  be  expected  from  tiie  same  inspired  source. 

It  is  ni)t  quite  warrantable  perhaps  to  count  among  Brooklyn's  literati  the  famous  author  of  "  Don't," 
but  the  name  of  Oliver  Bell  ISiince  is  nevertheless  in  many  ways  associated  with  this  city,  which  was  for  a 
time  his  place  of  residence.     The  phenomenal  sale  of  "  Don't,"  amounting  to  more  than  85,000  copies  in  the 


LITERATURE    AND    THE    FINE    ARTS. 


767 


United  States  besides  the  English  editions,  has  given  Mr.  Bunce's  name  its  widest  renown,  but  his  real 
claim  to  literary  distinction  rests  upon  quite  other  foundations.  His  social  and  literary  essays,  "  A 
Bachelor's  Story,"  "  Bachelor  Bluff,"  his  romantic  drama  of  "  Marco  Bozzaris,"  which  was  successfully 
produced  in  New  York  in  1849  and  a  novel  entitled  "  Timias  Terrystone,"  are  among  his  more  important 
labors  in  the  world  of  letters.  Most  interesting  of  all,  however,  are  the  two  works  on  subjects  furnished  by 
the  American  Revolution  ;  "The  Romance  of  the  Revolution"  is  based  upon  actual  incidents  of  the  war  for 
independence;  it  was  written  in  1852  ;  the  other  work  is  the  unique  play,  "  Love  in  '76,"  which  enjoys  the 
distinction  of  being  the  only  parlor  comedy  of  the  Revolution  in  our  literature.  Mr.  Bunce  died  in  New 
York  city  in  1890. 

The  incongruity  of  placing  the  name  of  the  leading  mining  authority  in  this  country  on  the  list  of  our 
novel  writers  has  irresistible  attractions  for  us.  As  well  here,  indeed,  as  anywhere,  for  the  versatility  of 
Dr.  Rossiter  W.  Raymond  defies  classification.  Although  Dr.  Raymond's  birthplace  was  Cincinnati,  his 
renown  belongs  to  Brooklyn,  with  whose  history  he  and  his  family  have  long  been  identified.  He  is  one  of 
the  most  distinguished  alumni  of  the  Polytechnic  Institute,  where  his  father  was  formerly  professor  of 
English.  It  is  not  the  place  here  to  follow  the 
steps  by  which  he  mounted  to  his  present  acknowl- 
edged position  of  supreme  authority  in  mining 
engineering.  Nor  do  his  numerous  and  standard 
works  on  this  and  cognate  subjects  require  enu- 
meration here,  but  they  make  it  all  the  more  re- 
markable that  we  have  to  record  as  his  earliest 
publication  a  translation  into  the  German  of  Mrs. 
John  C.  Fremont's  "  Story  of  the  Guard,"  which 
came  out  in  1863  under  the  name  of  "Die  Leib- 
garde."  Ten  years  later  appeared  a  novel  from 
the  intervals  of  what  seemed  unremitting  scientific 
labors;  it  bore  the  title,  "  Brave  Hearts."  About 
the  same  time  he  published  a  collection  of  stories 
called  "The  Man  in  the  Moon  and  Other  People." 
On  the  list  of  his  works  we  find  also  "  The  Chil- 
dren's Week  "  and  "  The  Merry  Go-Round."  He 
has  written  a  treatise  on  "  The  Book  of  Job,"  and 
in  "Camp  and  Cabin  '  [1880]  he  has  drawn  upon 
his  rich  fund  of  experience  gathered  during  his 
many  professional  tours  in  the  western  country. 
Several  standard  collections  of  American  poetry 
contain  specimens  of  his  work  in  that  line,  but 
he  has  never  collected  into  a  volume  his  fugitive 
verses. 

Quite  as  interesting  and  scarcely  less  versatile 
has  been  the  life  of  another  of  Brooklyn's  citizens 
to  whom  the  city  owes  a  large  and  unpaid  debt  of 
gratitude — Gabriel  Harrison.  He  was  born  in 
Philadelphia  in  1825,  but  his  father,  a  man  of  classical  education  and  broad  culture,  brought  him  to  New  York 
at  an  early  age,  where  their  home  was  the  resort  of  artists  and  literary  men  for  many  years.  It  was  Edwin 
Forrest's  acting  that  first  inspired  young  Harrison  with  a  passion  for  dramatic  art.  He  went  on  the  stage, 
and  during  the  Shakespearian  revival  about  half  a  century  ago  he  was  the  favorite  support  of  Charles  Kean. 
In  185 1  he  organized  the  Brooklyn  Dramatic  Academy,  and  to  him  we  owe  the  Park  Theatre,  which  he 
established  here  in  1863.  It  was  he,  too,  who  brought  the  first  English  Opera  troupe  to  this  city.  But  his 
ideals  were  too  high  to  admit  of  financial  success  ;  he  retired  from  the  profession  and  devoted  himself  to 
art  He  rendered  the  Brooklyn  Academy  of  Design  invaluable  service,  and  brought  the  free  art  schools  to 
a  point  of  great  prosperity.  To  him  as  organizer  of  the  Faust  Club  we  owe  the  bust  of  John  Howard 
Payne  in  Prospect  Park.  And  from  his  studio  we  have  several  portraits  of  his  friend  and  idol,  Edwin 
Forrest,  and   many  a  pleasing  landscape. 

But  his  title  to  literary  honors  may  be  read  in  the  authorship  of  various  plays,  such  as  the  tragedy  of 
"  Melanthia  "  and  the  very  successful  dramatization  of  Hawthorne's  "  Scarlet  Letter."  Others  of  his  plays 
are  "The  Author  "  "  Dartmore,"  "The  Thirteenth  Chime"  and  "  Magna."  He  also  adapted  for  the  Eng- 
lish stage  Schiller's  "  Fiesko  "  and  "Don  Carlos."  A  critical  essay  from  his  pen  on  forrest's  acting  is 
contained  in  Alger's  life  of  that  actor.     Mr.  Harrison's  contributions  lo  current  literature,  both  in  prose 


Alden  J.  Spooner. 


768 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


and  verse,  have  been  very  numerous.  The  most  valuable  of  his  works,  however,  are  the  exhaustive 
"Life  of  [ohn  Howard  Payne"  [1873J.  Mr.  Harrison  is  still  among  us,  broken  in  health,  but  yet  active 
in  teaching-,  loved  and  honored  by  all  who  can  be  touched  by  the  spectacle  of  persistent  adherence  to  lofty 
aims  and  high  ideals,  even  through  illness  and  misfortune. 

An  artist  who  became  an  author  because  some  of  the  secrets  of  nature  which  his  pencil  illustrated 
were  known  to  him  alone,  and  could  not  be  written  of  by  others,  is  William  Hamilton  Gibson,  a  native  and 
life-long  resident  of  Brooklyn.  Having  begun  to  write,  he  found  that  the  poet  of  the  pen  was  in  him  as 
well  as  the  art  of  sympathetic  interpretation  with  the  brush,  and  he  has  produced  a  series  of  delightful 
books  in  which  the  vari(.)us  moods  of  nature  are  depicted  with  unquestionable  skill  and  rare  fidelity,  both 
text  and  illustrations  from  his  own  hand.  The  first  of  these  was  "  Pastoral  Days  :  or  Memories  of  a  New 
England  Year  "  [iSSi].  It  was  followed  by  "  Highways  and  By-ways  "  [1883],  "  Happy  Hunting  Grounds: 
A  Tribute  to  the  Woods  and  Fields"  [1SS7],  and  "Strolls  by  Starlight  and  Sunshine"  [1891J.  His  latest 
book,  "Sharp  Eyes,"  which  was  a  holiday  favorite  in  1S91-2,  attained  a  phenomenal  popularity.  In  1887 
he  edited,  contributing  a  considerable  portion  of  the  te.xt  and  all  the  illustrations,  "The  Master  of  the 
Gunnery,"  a  pupil's  tribute  to  the  late  Frederick  W.  Gunn  of  the  famous  Gunnery  school  in  Washington, 
Conn.,  which  furnished  also  many  of  the  subjects  for  his  "Pastoral  Days." 

Early  in  this  century  the  citizens  of  Brooklyn  began  to  interest  themselves  in  matters  of  local  history 
and  antiquarian  research.  Gabriel  Furman,  the  ill-starred  young  lawyer,  who  was  born  here  in  1800,  and  died 
before  his  culture  and  refined  taste  had  reached  fruition,  was  the  pioneer.  The  fascinations  of  literature 
and  antiquarian  studies  drew  him  away  from  law  and  politics  in  which  he  was  on  the  road  to  distinction, and 
his  historical  researches  have  been  of  inestimable  service  to  later  historians.  His  MSS.  "  Notes  "  are  dated 
1824  ;  this  fragmentary  record  of  our  beginnings  is  an  evidence  of  his  prophetic  sagacity,  but  his  work  was 
brought  to  a  premature  and  clouded  end  by  his  death  in  the  Brooklyn  City  Hospital.  Many  years  later,  in 
1865,  Mr.  Alden  J.  Spooner  published  Furman's  book  under  the  title  :  "  Notes,  Geographical  and  Historical, 
relating  to  the  Town  of  Brooklyn."  In  the  same  year  Mr.  Spooner  edited  Silas  Wood's  "  Sketch  of  the 
First  Settlement  of  the  Several  Towns  on  Long  Island."  Mr.  Spooner  was  himself  the  author  of  a  number 
of  historical  monographs  on  kindred  topics;  among  them  are  "The  Dominie's  Ride  to  the  Devil"  and 
"The  Last  of  the  Leather  Breeches,"  which  contain  faithful  descriptions  of  early  local  conditions  on  this 
island.  The  cultivation  of  this  kind  of  work  caused  him  to  recognize  the  utility  of  an  organization  to  fur- 
ther such  investigations,  and  he  thus  became  the  originator  of  the  Long  Island  Historical  Society,  to 
which  he  gave  as  the  nucleus  for  a  library  a  collec- 
tion of  about  one  thousand  books  and  pamphlets, 
which  his  father,  the  founder  of  the  "  Long  Island 
Star,"  had  brought  together.  Mr.  Spooner  was 
engaged  upon  a  "  History  of  Long  Island,"  when 
he  died  in  1881. 

General  Jeremiah  Johnson,  in  his  day  "  Brook- 
lyn's first  and  foremost  citizen,"  likewise  preserved 
many  valuable  reminiscences  of  early  Brooklyn  in 
a  fragmentary  form  similar  to  Furman's  "  Notes." 
These  comprise  historical  items  concerning  the 
settlement  of  Williamsburgh,  Bushwick  and  Long 
Island  generally,  together  with  accounts  of  some 
of  the  oldest  families.  'I'he  General  made  no 
literary  pretensions,  but  among  his  papers  were 
found  numerous  interesting  essays  on  varied 
topics,  even  poems,  and  translations  from  Eras- 
mus and  others.  His  accurate  knowledge  of  the 
language  of  his  fathers  is  evinced  in  his  excellent 
translation  of  Von  der  Donk's  "  History  of  New 
Netherland,"  to  which  Mr.  Thompson,  in  his 
"  History  of  Long  Island,"  accords  the  highest 
praise. 

It  has  been  no  unusual  thing  for  our  promi- 
nent citizens  to  interest  themselves  in  local  history 
and  to  contribute  to  the  advancement  of  these 
studies.  Of  this  group  of  distinguished  Brooklyn- 
ites  was  Henry  C.  Murphy,  who  edited  for  the 
Long    Island    Historical     Society    the    Labadist  Henrv  r.  stiles. 


^    ^      ^ 


LITERATURE    AND    THE    FINE    ARTS. 


769 


JJANiEL  M,  TREDWELL. 


travelers'  "  Journal  of  a  Voyage  to  New  York.' 
He  published  also  "  Henry  Hudson  in  Holland" 
[1859]  and  the"  Voyage  of  Verrazano"  [1875].  Mr. 
Murphy  was  active  in  furthering  every  great  educa- 
tional enterprise  in  this  city  ;  in  the  early  days  of 
the  Hamilton  Literary  Association,  it  was  he  who 
inaugurated  the  lecture  courses  out  of  which  grew 
the  Brooklyn  Lyceum.  He  also  assisted  in  found- 
ing the  Brooklyn  Library.  He  was  a  frequent 
contributor  to  the  North  American  Review,  the 
Atlantic  Monthly,  The  Historical  Magazine,  and 
edited  the  Eagle  in  the  beginning.  He  was  one 
of  the  vital  forces  in  the  intellectual  as  well  as 
the  public  life  of  the  city. 

The  late  Thomas  W.  Field  contributed  to 
Brooklyn  chronicles  a  "  History  of  the  Battle  of 
Long  Island,"  published  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Long  Island  Historical  Society,  and  "  Historic  and 
Antiquarian  Scenes  in  Brooklyn  and  Vicinity." 
His  most  important  work  was  "An  Essay  Towards 
an  Indian  Bibliography,"  which  in  its  day  was  the 
only  work  on  its  subject  and  still  holds  high  rank. 
To  this  class  of  men  belongs  also  Mr.  Teunis 
G.  Bergen,  who  furnished  the  historical  articles 
on  Long  Island  for  the  Encyclopaedia  Brittanica. 
He  was  author  of  a  genealogy  of  the  Lefferts 
family,  also  of  the  Bergen  family.  But  of  all  the 
books   that   have   been   written   in   this   field  of 

authorship  "The  Social  History  of  Flatbush,"  by  Gertrude  Lefferts  Vanderbilt,  is  the  most  delightful;  it 
has  a  literary  charm  beyond  its  mere  personal  and  local  interest,  which  e.xplains  why  several  editions  have 
already  been  demanded. 

Easily  foremost,  however,  among  local  historians  is  the  indefatigable  investigator  and  painstaking  com- 
piler Henry  R.  Stiles,  whose  crowning  work  for  which  the  citizens  of  Brooklyn  owe  him  a  lasting  debt  of 
gratitude,  is  his  exhaustive  and  monumental  History  of  this  city.  The  first  volume  of  this  work  came  out 
in  1867,  the  second  in  1869,  and  in  the  following  year  a  third  volume  completed  his  task.  He  has  done  his 
work  so  thoroughly  that  to  future  historians  is  left  only  the  labor  of  continuing  it  up  to  date.  He  was 
also  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Long  Island  Historical  Society,  and  the  author  of  several  genealogical 
and  antiquarian  publications.  Ur.  Stiles  wrote  also  an  "  Account  of  the  Interment  of  the  Remains  of 
American  Patriots  who  Perished  on  Prison  Ships,  etc.;  also  Letters  from  Prison  Ships"  [2  vols.,  1865];  a 
biographical  sketch  of  Gabriel  Furman  ;  "  Bundling :  its  Origin  "  [1869]  ;  "  Genealogy  of  the  Stiles  Family  " 
[1863]  ;  and  "History  of  Kings  County"  [1885]. 

The  most  valuable  copy  of  Stiles'  "  History  of  the  City  of  Brooklyn  "  is  in  the  possession  of  Mr. 
Daniel  M.  Tredwell,  the  well-known  bibliophile  and  author  of  "A  Plea  for  Bibliomania,"  "Literature  of 
the  Civil  War,"  "  Life  of  ApoUonius  of  Tyana,"  "  Lace  as  a  Fine  Art  "  and  other  works  ;  but  the  most  con- 
siderable of  his  works  is  "  Nomads  of  the  Sea,"  yet  unpublished  but  now  ready  for  the  press.  Mr.  Tredwell 
has  illustrated  Stiles'  "  History  of  Brooklyn"  and  extended  his  copy  to  nine  volumes,  so  that  it  includes  a 
vast  quantity  of  unique  and  invaluable  matter  in  the  shape  of  original  drawings,  portraits,  and  rare  prints 
of  old  historic  landmarks.  It  is  to  the  courtesy  of  Mr.  Tredwell,  who  has  generously  placed  at  our  dis- 
posal all  this  material,  most  of  it  inaccessible  elsewhere,  that  we  owe  our  ability  to  include  in  this  volume 
many  of  its  most  interesting  illustrations.  These  are  credited  to  Mr.  Tredwell's  collection  in  the  proper 
place.     They  are  the  result  of  thirty  years'  gathering  from  the  print  shops  and  publishers'  early  proofs. 

To  historical  investigations  of  a  wider  scope  another  prominent  citizen  of  Brooklyn,  Mr.  James  Carson 
Brevoort,  brought  all  the  resources  of  a  finely  trained  mind,  broadened  by  extensive  travels.  Mr.  Brevoort 
was  private  secretary  of  Washington  Irving  when  the  latter  was  United  States  Minister  to  Spain.  For  ten 
years  he  was  president  of  the  Long  Island  Historical  Society  and  the  honored  member  of  many  other 
literary  and  scientific  societies.  He  was  an  enthusiastic  collector  of  books,  especially  of  Americana,  of 
which  he  inherited  some  6,000  volumes  from  his  father.  His  library  eventually  increased  to  100,000  rare  and 
costly  books  ;  since  his  death  the  library  has  been  sold  and  dispersed.  He  is  the  author  of  numerous  his- 
torical monographs  :  two  are  of  special  importance,  an  article  in  the  Historical  Magazine  on  the  "Discovery 


THE    EAGLE   AND    BROOKLYN. 

of  Columbus'  Remains  "  and  a  work  which  Mr.  Brevoort  published  in  1874,  entitled  "  Notes  on  Giovanni  de 
Verrazano  and  on  a  Planisphere  of  1529,  illustrating  his  Voyage  of  1524."  In  the  revival  of  interest  in 
these  subjects  incidental  to  the  four  hundredth  anniversary  of  Columbus'  discovery  Mr.  Brevoort's  labors 
are  receiving  renewed  recognition. 

In  the  annals  of  historical  authorship  in  Brooklyn  appears  also  the  name  of  Linus  Pierpont  Brockett, 
well  known  in  newspaper  circles  in  this  city.  Mr.  Brockett  is  the  author  of  nearly  f^fty  volumes  on 
geographical,  biographical,  historical,  religious,  social,  and  literary  subjects.  Among  these  is  a  "  History 
of  Education  ;"  his  history  of  the  Franco-German  war  appeared  under  the  title  of  "The  Year  of  Battle." 
Conjointly  with  Smucker  he  wrote  a  "  History  of  the  Civil  War,"  with  Mrs.  Vaughan  a  book  on  "  Woman's 
Work  in  the  Civil  War,"  and  collaborated  with  Dr.  Stiles  on  his  "  History  of  Kings  County." 

But  the  historian  in  whom  Brooklyn  takes  the  greatest  pride  is  John  Bach  MacMaster,  who  was  born  in 
this  city  in  1852.  Since  he  attained  his  majority  he  has  steadfastly  devoted  himself  to  one  supreme  purpose: 
his  "  History  of  the  People  of  the  United  States,"  for  which  he  had  begun  to  gather  materials  in  his  eigh- 
teenth year.  In  1883  he  was  called  to  fill  the  chair  of  American  History  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania^ 
and  in  the  same  year  he  published  the  first  volume  of  his  great  work,  covering  the  period  from  the  Revolution 
down  to  the  Civil  War.  This  achieved  instantaneous  success  and  sufficed  to  place  Prof.  MacMaster  in  the 
front  rank  of  American  historians.  Besides  laboring  industriously  towards  the  completion  of  this  monu- 
mental work,  he  has  written  the  "  Life  of  Benjamin  Franklin  "  for  the  Men  of  Letter  Series  [1887]. 

Ephraim  George  Squier  has  made  invaluable  contributions  to  history  and  ethnology  in  a  remote  and 
less  worked  field.  His  Peruvian  investigations  especially,  and  his  historical  treatises  on  other  South 
American  lands  are  indispensable  to  the  student.  Mr.  Squier  was  born  at  Bethlehem,  N.  Y.,  on  June  17, 
1821,  and  in  Brooklyn,  where  he  resided  during  the  later  years  of  his  life,  he  died  on  April  17,  1888.  He 
began  as  a  journalist,  and  his  first  important  historical  work  was  a  treatise,  in  the  first  volume  of  the 
"  Smithsonian  Contributions,"  on  the  ancient  monuments  of  the  Mississippi  Valley  ;  he  conducted  similar 
investigations  in  New  York  State.  In  1849  he  was  appointed  Special  Charge  d'Affaires  to  all  the  Central 
American  States  ;  this  gave  his  talents  and  training  their  proper  channel  ;  he  visited  South  America  several 
times,  and  in  1S68  was  appointed  consul-general  of  Honduras.  Five  years  before  he  held  the  post  of  United 
States  Commissioner  to  Peru  ;  his  investigations  took  form  in  what  is  probably  his  most  valuable  work, 
"Peru:  Incidents  and  E.xplorations  in  the  Land  of  the  Incas  "  [1877].  His  strength  to  pursue  original 
research  became  seriously  impaired  in  1874  and  he  devoted  the  rest  of  his  life  to  organizing  his  knowledge 
and  publishing  results.  He  was  a  contributor  to  many  magazines  and  to  the  "  Encyclopaedia  Brittanica." 
Among  his  numerous  works  are  to  be  noted  :  "  Nicaragua  :  its  People,  Scenery,  and  Monuments  ;"  "  Notes 
on  Central  America,"  "  Serpent  Symbols,"  and  "  Waikua  :  or  Adventures  on  the  Mosquito  Shore." 

Scholars  are  deriving  further  assistance  towards  a  better  knowledge  of  the  early  history  of  our  govern- 
ment through  the  work  which  is  being  done  within  the  lifnits  of  the  city  by  the  Ford  brothers.  The  late 
Gordon  L.  Ford,  for  years  one  of  our  leading  citizens,  and  his  wife,  Emily  Ellsworth  Ford,  the  author  of 
many  stories  and  essays  and  of  a  volume  of  poems,  entitled  "  My  Recreations,"  created  the  literary  atmos- 
phere at  home,  in  which  their  two  sons,  Worthington  Chauncey  and  Paul  Leicester  Ford,  are  now  prosecuting 
their  labors.     Their  work  is  referred  to  in  detail  elsewhere. 

We  have  had  occasion  in  the  course  of  this  sketch  to  mention  several  poetesses  and  writers  of  verse, 
but  we  have  reserved  till  now  the  names  of  the  three  poets,  who  among  all  the  bards  whom  this  city  has  at 
one  time  or  another  harbored,  are  the  best  known  to  fame  ;  these  are  the  ballad  singer,  Will  Carleton  ;  the 
satirist,  John  G.  Sa.xe,  and  the  poet  of  democracy,  Walt.  Whitman,  To  the  high  title  of  poet,  each  of  these 
men  in  a  different  degree  possesses  an  indisputable  claim. 

More  widely  read  than  either  of  the  others  is,  doubtless.  Will  Carleton,  though  his  popularity  is  necessarily 
of  a  different  quality.  He  was  born  in  Michigan  in  1845,  and  has  spent  several  years  of  his  life  in  lecturing 
in  Great  Britain  and  Canada  as  well  as  in  the  LTnited  States,  but  long  ago  he  chose  Brooklyn  for  his  home. 
His  first  effort  in  verse  was  published  in  1S71,  but  it  was  not  until  his  "  Farm  Ballads"  appeared  that  his 
name  became,  as  it  is  to-day,  familiar  to  every  American  ear.  That  volume  was  succeeded  by  one  in  a 
similar  vein,  "  Farm  Legends,"  which  met  with  an  equally  gratifying  reception.  Appropriate  to  the  season 
came  "  The  Young  Folks' Centennial  Rhymes,"  in  1876.  "City  Ballads  "  and  "  City  Legends  "  have  since 
been  added  to  the  list.  y\s  the  ballad  singer  of  domestic  life  Will  Carleton  is  almost  without  a  rival  in  the 
hearts  of  the  people. 

John  G.  Sa.xe,  in  his  old-fashioned  house  gown  and  slippers,  which  upon  occasion  he  did  not  hesitate  to 
wear  on  the  street,  was  long  a  familiar  figure  to  Brooklynites.  He  was  born  in  Vermont  in  i8i6,and  practised 
law  there  ;  he  became  y\ttorney-General  of  the  State,  and  was  once  defeated  as  candidate  for  the  governor- 
ship. At  different  times  throughout  his  life  he  was  engaged  in  an  editorial  capacity  on  a  number  of  journals. 
His  first  poetical  attempts  were  in  the  shape  of  some  humorous  verses  published  in  the  Knickerbocker  Maga- 
zine.    Subsequently  he  contributed  poems,  in  a  similar  vein,  to  Harper  s  and  \.\i&  Atlantic.    In  1846  appeared 


LITERATURE   AND   THE    FINE    ARTS. 


771 


his  first  volume  of  collected  poems,  to  which  he  gave  the  title,  "  Progress."  These,  too,  were  humorous  and 
satirical,  and  were  favorably  received.  "The  Money  King  and  Other  Poems"  came  out  in  ,866  when  the 
poet  s  fame  was  already  firmly  established.  His  verse  found  its  way  everywhere,  and  m  the  years  that 
followed  there  appeared  one  collection  after  another  until  1875,  when  "  Leisure  Day  Rhymes"  closed  the 
rich  catalogue  of  his  poetry.  Sa.xe  died  in  Albany  in  1887.  He  was  primarily  a  satirist,  but  his  homely 
good  sense  and  uniform  kindliness  tempered  his  wit,  and  his  was  a  satire  that  sympathized  with  that  which 
It  scourged.  What  a  note  of  genuine  sympathy  is  mingled  with  the  fun  of  "  The  Briefless  Barrister  ' 
side  by  side  with  his  hu- 


many  a  serious  and  pa- 
a  deeper  chord;  who  is 
The  Miller,"  "  Treasures 
Church  Bell,"  and  the 
"  I'm  Growing  Old  ?"  The 
ous  poems  are,  probably, 
and  "  The  Proud  Miss 
never  abandons  him  even 
moments.  And  indeed 
themselves  one  often 
note  of  sweet  seriousness 
combined  with  his  unfail- 
gives  to  his  verse  a  pecu- 

And  now  Walt  Whit- 
seem  strange  to  find  the 
poet,"  so  long  associated 
Delaware,  placed  here 
roundings  in  Brooklyn, 
were  once  as  familiar  to 
of  ample  hills  was  mine," 
death  will  have  recalled 
ces  of  his  life,  and  remind 
early   years    of   struggle 

Walt  Whitman  was 
Island,  in  1819,  and  ob- 
tion  at  the  public  schools 
He  early  began  to  indulge 
even    in    those    days    of 


Walt  Whitman. 


And 

morous  verse  there  is 
thetic  poem  that  strikes 
not  familiar  with  "  Jerry, 
in  Heaven,"  "The  Old 
touching  tenderness  of 
best  known  of  his  humor- 
"  The  Rhyme  of  the  Rail" 
McBride."  His  good  taste 
in  his  most  rollicking 
in  these  humorous  poems 
detects  an  underlying 
and  sad  reflection  which, 
ing  felicity  of  phrase, 
liar  charm. 

man.  To  some  it  will 
name  of  the  "  good,  gray 
with  the  banks  of  the 
among  our  familiar  sur- 
But  these  surroundings 
him  as  to  us.  "Brooklyn 
he  sings,  and  his  recent 
to  many  the  circumstan- 
them  that  some  of  those 
were  passed  in  our  midst, 
born  at  West  Hills,  Long 
tained  his  scanty  educa- 
of  this  city  and  New  York, 
his  passion  for  literature 
penury    and    want,    and 


wrote  diligently  for  the  Brooklyn  newspapers.  His  connection  with  the  Eagle  has  already  been  men- 
tioned. At  Huntington,  L.  I.,  he  gained  his  first  experience  as  editor  and  subsequently  took  charge  of 
a  paper  in  New  Orleans.  In  1S55  appeared  the  famous  "Leaves  of  Grass."  During  the  war  he  served 
with  splendid  devotion  as  an  army  nurse.  The  thoughts  and  feelings  engendered  by  those  stirring  experi- 
ences bore  fruit  in  his  "  Drum  Taps."  Appended  to  these  are  his  fervid  tributes  to  Lincoln,  and  the  lines, 
where  for  once  he  falls  into  rhyme,  "  O  !  Captain,  my  Captain  I"  have  found  an  echo  in  many  a  patriotic 
heart.  He  never  fully  recovered  from  the  nervous  strain  which  brought  him  low  in  1864  ;  but  he  never 
ceased  to  commune  with  his  fancy.  In  1870  he  published  "Democratic  Vistas."  In  1874  he  removed  to 
Camden,  where  he  lived  until  the  end,  in  March,  1892.  His  magnificent  physique  had  long  been  crippled, 
but  his  intellectual  power  remained  unimpaired  to  the  last.  The  exquisite  lines  with  which  he  said 
"  Good-Bye,  my  Fancy  "  are  equal  in  pathos  and  depth  of  pure  strong  feeling  to  any  words  with  which 
ever  poet  took  leave  of  life.  In  the  "Leaves  of  Grass"  is  a  poem  with  the  superscription,  "  Crossing 
the  Brooklyn  Ferry."  It  is  a  stately  assertion  of  kinship  with  all  the  future,  with  the  unborn  generations 
which  shall  in  the  progress  of  the  ages  be  touched  as  he  is  touched  with  deeper  thoughts  as  they  pass 
between  "  mast-hemm'd  Manhattan  "  and  "  the  beautiful  hills  of  Brooklyn."  Just  as  you  feel,  when  you 
look  on  the  river  and  sky,  so  I  felt.      "  I  loved  well  those  cities,  loved  well  the  stately  and  rapid  river." 

Walt  Whitman's  place  in  literature  is  a  disputed  point  in  criticism.  In  him  we  have  the  singular  para- 
dox of  a  poet  who  is  everywhere  known  as  the  poet  of  democracy,  yet  quite  without  a  popular  following. 
It  is  from  the  eminence  and  not  from  the  multitude  of  his  admirers  that  we  must  draw  the  balance  in  his 
favor.  Emerson,  Burroughs,  and  Stedman  in  America  and,  in  England,  the  late  Lord  Tennyson,  to  name 
one  for  all,  have  paid  tribute  to  his  high  excellence.  And  so  while  there  is  much  to  be  regretted  in  his 
earlier  writing,  Walt  Whitman  has  nevertheless  left  behind  him  such  a  body  of  fine  poetry  and  so  much 
of  enduring  beauty,  that  our  city  should  be  proud  that  "Brooklyn  of  Ample  Hills  "  was  his. 


772 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


Herewith  ends  this  cursory  sketch  of  the  literati  of  this  city.  If  we  should  include,  as  strict  justice 
demands  the  learned  and  the  cultured  who  in  the  quiet  of  their  daily  life  spread  a  refining,  stimulating 
influence  about  them— if  we  should  include,  as  justice  likewise  demands,  the  liberal  and  public  spirited  who 
devote  their  enertjies  and  their  fortunes  to  the  furtherance  of  intellectual  endeavor,  this  chapter  would  be 
di-nified  by  many  another  worthy  and  distinguished  name.  We  have  restricted  ourselves  to  the  most 
prominent  among'those  who  worked  through  the  written  word.  And  even  thus,  though  Brooklyn  has  never 
been  the  centre'^of  any  distinctive  literary  movement,  the  great  and  well-known  names  that  grace  her 
intellectual  historv  assure  her  an  honorable  place  among  the  cities  of  the  modern  world. 

PUBLIC    LIBRARIES. 

A  library  is  one  of  the  most  important  factors  in  the  intellectual  life  of  a  city.  The  completeness  of 
the  facilities  it  affords  for  study  and  research  is  the  measure,  in  at  least  one  of  its  dimensions,  of  the  city's 
culture  It  is  a  true  saying  that  erudition  consists  less  in  the  actual  possession  of  memorized  facts  than  in 
the  knowledi^e  where  to  find  them.     The  library  contains  the  golden  ore  and  the  scholar  holds  the  divining 


The  Long  Island  Historical  Society. 

rod.  In  its  highest  function,  therefore,  a  library  is  a  literary  workshop  where  the  materials  for  new  books 
are  shapen  anew  and  the  learning  of  yesterday  is  made  to-day's.  Its  aim  is  not  merely  to  diffuse  knowledge 
actiuired  of  old,  but  also  by  the  inspiration  of  its  rich  contents  to  augment  the  stock  of  the  world's  wisdom. 
It  is  in  this  sense  that  a  library  forms  so  essential  a  part  of  the  intellectual  equipment  of  a  community. 

In  this  aspect  of  its  literary  life,  Brooklyn  likewise  presents  a  proud  record.  The  high  excellence 
attained  by  the  Bkooklvn  Library  has  made  that  institution  familiar  to  all  American  scholars.  It  was 
founded  a  generation  ago  by  a  band  of  enthusiastic  and  earnest  young  men  who  now  are  counted  among 
the  elders  of  the  city.  The  idea  of  establishing  a  new  library  originated  with  Lewis  Roberts  and 
James  P.  Wallace  as  early  as  1857  ;  and  in  November  of  that  year  the  first  steps  were  taken.  The  principal 
library  of  Brooklyn  at  that  time  consisted  of  only  4,000  volumes  and  belonged  to  the  Atheneeum.  This  was 
to  form  the  nucleus,  and  with  such  energy  was  the  enterprise  inaugurated  that  in  the  short  space  of  ten 
days  no  less  than  si.K  hundred  signatures  had  been  secured  in  support  of  the  plan.  A  week  later  eight 
hundred  and  twenty-six  subscribers  had  created  a  fund  amounting  to  $8,865.  Mr.  Roberts  was  elected 
president  and  the  Mercantile  Library  Association,  its  name  being  taken  from  the  New  York  institution  after 
which  it  was  modeled,  became  an  accomplished  fact.  The  reading-rooms  in  the  Athenaeum  were  opened  to 
the  public  on  May  7,  1S58.  The  president's  report  at  the  close  of  the  first  year  records  a  membership  of 
1,511  and  cash  receipts  amounting  to  over  $14,000,  of  which  $9,000  had  been  expended  on  books;  the 


LITERATURE   AND   THE    FINE    ARTS. 


773 


Stephen  B.  Noyes. 


number  of  volumes  had  been  increased  to  11,400.  The  association  continued  to  make  some  progress  even 
during  the  war,  when  all  the  energies  of  the  people  were  turned  another  way  ;  it  obtained  a  cluirter  and 
was  the  recipient  of  a  permanent  book  fund,  known  as  the  Gary  fund.  But  it  was  during  the  administration 
of  President  Woodruff  that  the  greatest  advance  was  made.     The  land  on  Montague  street  was  bought 

by  individual  members  in  the  spring  of  1S64,  and  the  work  of  obtaining 
subscriptions  to  pay  for  the  site  and  erect  a  suitable  building  was  begun 
in  earnest  and  with  most  creditable  results.      The  services  of  Peter  B. 
Wight  were  secured  as  architect  and  in  June,  1S67,  ground  was  broken. 
A  year  and  a  half  later  the  building  which  is  now  become  a  landmark  of, 
the  city  stood  completed.     It  has  a  frontage  of  seventy-five  feet  and  is 
three  stories  in  height  ;  with  the  exception  of  a  few  offices  on  the  ground 
floor  the  entire  edifice  is  devoted  to  the  purposes  of  the  library.     The 
rather  sombre  and  earnest  features  of  its  gothic  fafade  are  in  harmony 
with  the  serious  character  of  the  silent  work  that  is  carried  on  within  its 
walls.    It  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  $227,000  and  when,  (jn  January  18,  T869, 
the  building  was  opened  to  the  public  with  appropriate  ceremonies,  the 
committee  was  able  to  announce   that 
all  but  $20,000  had  been  paid  ;  before 
the  evening  was  over  more  than  $12,000 
of  the  deficit  had  been  pledged.    Inde- 
pendently of  the  building  fund,  the  sum 
of  $50,000  had  been  subscribed  for  the 
purchase  of  books.     Thus  auspiciously  the  library  began  in  its  new  home 
a  career  of  unexampled  prosperity  and  usefulness  which  has  made  it  one 
of  the  most  prominent  institutions  of  the  land.     It  is  significant  of  its 
growth  and  the  widening  of  its  scope  that  its  name  was  changed  by  act 
of  legislature  to  the  "  Brooklyn  Library."    An  excellent  catalogue,  com- 
piled by  the  able  librarian,  the  late  S.  B.  Noyes,  attracted  attention  the 
world  over  among  those  who  make  a  study  of  scientific  library  methods. 
For  several  years  after  Mr.  Noyes'  death  the  assistant  librarian  acted  in 
his  place,  until  in  1S88  he  became  in  name  as  well  as  in  fact  the  chief 
librarian.    This  is  W.  A.  Bardwell,  to  whose  efficiency  and  ready  affability 
the  students  who  use  the  library  are  constantly  indebted  for  innumerable 
favors.     According  to  the  annual  report  of  the  librarian   for  the  year  Willis  a.  Bardwell. 

1892,  Mr.  Bardwell  has  in  charge  113,251  volumes.  The  privileges  of  the  institution  are  now  enjoyed 
by  2,856  members  ;  of  these  561  are  life  members  in  addition  to  282  permanent  memberships. 

Beside  the  Brooklyn  Library  there  is  one  other  focal  point  for  scholars  and  investigators  in  this  city, 
and  that  is  the  reading  room  of  the  Lf)NG  Island  Historical  Society.  Its  library  consists  at  present  of 
about  45,000  volumes,  many  of  which  are  extremely  rare  and  valuable.  It  is  a  library  for  reference  only; 
the  original  plan  was  to  make  its  resources  as  complete  as  possible  in  all  that  relates  to  the  history  of  this 
country,  but  its  sphere  has  been  so  extended  as  to  comprise  the  best  books  in  every  department  of  knowl- 
edge. When  the  society  was  organized  in  1863  eight  hundred  volumes  and  about  one  thousand  pamphlets 
formed  the  nucleus  of  the  library  ;  this  number  was  increased  by  1,100  volumes  from  the  defunct  City 
Library;  at  present,  if  pamphlets  be  included,  there  is  a  total  of  100,000  numbers.  Among  its  rare  treasures 
are  the  precious  collection  of  works  on  Dutch  history  which  were  secured  by  Henry  C^.  Murphy  when  he 
was  United  States  minister  at  The  Hague  ;  an  original  copy  of  Aububon's  "  Birds  of  America  ;"  the  invalu- 
able "Universal  Palaeography"  of  Silvestre  ;  the  "Cabinet  du  Roi,"  in  forty-nine  volumes  ;  the  splendid 
work  of  Baron  Taylor  in  twenty-seven  folios,  containing  illustrations  of  scenery,  architecture,  and  anti- 
quities in  France  ;  and  the  works  of  Lepsius  and  ChampoUion.  Tliere  is,  besides,  an  excellent  collec- 
tion of  American  family  genealogies  and  what  is  of  especial  local  interest,  one  may  here  consult,  in  the 
original,  neat  and  lady-like  handwriting,  Gabriel  Furman's  "  Notes  on  Brooklyn."  The  publications  of  the 
Hakluyt  Society  are  likewise  to  be  found  and  many  valuable  unpublished  manuscripts.  The  Long  Island 
Historical  Society  has  issued  four  volumes  which  are  of  inestimable  value  to  the  student  of  American  history. 
Two  of  these  relate  to  the  Battle  of  Long  Island,  with  a  circumstantial  account  of  that  disastrous  day  ;  the 
first  publication  contained  Mr.  Murphy's  translation  of  the  "  Labadists'  Journal  "  from  the  Dutch  manuscript, 
and  the  fourth  volume  of  the  series  contains  the  hitherto  unpublished  letters  of  George  Washington  on 
agricultural  and  personal  matters,  edited  by  Moncure  D.  Conway  in  18S9.  The  first  librarian  was  the  accom- 
plished historian  of  Brooklyn,  Dr.  Henry  R.  Stiles.  In  1865  he  was  succeeded  by  George  Hannah,  who 
in  1889  resigned  and  gave  place  to  the  lady  who  at  present  occupies  that  position.  Miss  Emma  Toedteberg. 


774 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


On  the  the  upper  floor  of  the  society  building  is  the  museum,  which  occupies  the  entire  space.  It  is  a 
most  interesting  collection  and  attracts  many  visitors.  The  museum  was  begun  early  in  the  history  of  the 
society  and  the  objects  collected  formed  for  many  years  a  part  of  what  was  to  be  seen  in  the  main  rooms 
of  the  building  formerly  occupied  by  the  society.  The  collection  originated  when  at  a  meeting  of  the  exe- 
cutive committee  of  the  society  on  June  ii,  1864,  a  "  committee  on  the  natural  history  of  Long  Island  was 
appointed."  The  |nirpose  of  this  committee  was  to  gather  from  all  parts  of  the  island  interesting  historical 
relics  and  specimens  of  the  flora  and  fauna,   minerals  and  antiquities.     The   sub-committee  consisted  of 


Long  Island  Historical  Society  Museum. 

J.  Carson  Brevoort,  Henry  E.  Pierrepont,  Professor  Charles  K.  AVest  and  Charles  Congdon,  with  Elias 
Lewis,  Jr.,  who  was  prime  mover  in  the  enterprise,  as  chairman.  They  devoted  themselves  assiduously  to 
the  work  of  securing  contributions  from  many  sources,  and  the  result  of  their  work  is  the  fine  collection 
now  permanently  on  exhibition.  It  contains  a  fairly  complete  collection  of  the  animals  and  plants  of  the 
island,  of  specimens  representing  its  geological  formation,  of  Indian  anticjuities  and  a  great  variety  of  other 
objects  of  historical  and  scientific  interest.  The  latter  are  arranged  as  far  as  possible  apart  from  the  local 
collections,  so  that  one  may  at  will  pursue  scientific  study  or  gratify  his  interest  in  what  is  old  and  per- 
sonal. The  various  collections  are  attractively  displayed  in  cases.  The  committee  as  a  permanent  part  of 
the  organization  was  discontinued  some  years  ago,  but  the  work  of  extending  the  collection  has  been  carried 
on  by  Elias  Lewis,  Jr.,  at  whose  suggestion  the  work  was  undertaken  and  who  for  some  years  has  been 
the  curator  of  the  museum.  Mr.  Lewis  was  from  the  beginning  mcjst  active  in  perfecting  this  collection 
and  has  given  liberally  of  his  time  to  the  museum,  to  which  he  has  added  by  personal  gift  many  of  its  most 
interesting  features. 

The  Brooklyn  Institute  possessed,  in  connection  with  its  various  departments,  a  scientific  collection 
which  was  very  badly  damaged  by  the  fire  which  broke  out  in  the  building  in  1S90.  A  committee  appointed 
in  1880  organized  a  movement  looking  to  the  establishment  of  museums  of  art  and  science.  The  legislative 
act  of  189 1,  authorizing  the  city  to  erect  buildings  for  the  use  of  the  new  Brooklyn  Institute  of  Arts  and 
Sciences,  provides  for  museum  accommodations  at  a  cost  not  to  exceed  $300,000.  But  it  is  still  too  early 
to  credit  the  city  with  any  important  museum  other  than  that  of  the  Long  Island  Historical  Society. 

The  Brooklyn  Library  and  that  of  the  Historical  Society  are  the  only  ones  which  properly  may  be  classed 
as  "literary  workshops,"  but  there  are  also  several  other  libraries  which  are  to  be  counted  as  essential 
factors  of  the  city's  literary  life  because  of  the  culturing  work  they  do  among  the  people.  Of  these,  the 
Pratt  Institute  Library,  the  30,000  volumes  of  which  are  free  to  all,  ranks  first.  Its  reading-room  is  utilized 
as  a  study  to  some  extent  by  the  students  of  the  institute,  but  in  no  such  general  fashion  as  are  the  two 


LITERATURE    AND   THE    FINE    ARTS.  775 

libraries  first  named.  Miss  M.  W.  Plummer  is  its  librarian.  Tlie  free  circulating  library  of  the  Union  for 
Christian  Work,  at  67  and  69  Schermerhorn  street,  receives  an  appropriation  from  the  city  under  the  state 
law  providing  for  an  allowance  of  $5,000  a  year  to  libraries  having  10,000  volumes  and  an  annual  circula- 
tion of  75,000.  This  library  has  now  20,000  volumes  and  is  doing  excellent  work.  The  Brooklyn  Institute, 
or  "Youth's  Free  Library,"  as  it  was  known,  donated  the  greater  part  of  its  ij,ooo  volumes  to  the  Union 
for  Christian  Work  in  the  early  part  of  1892.  This  was  in  accordance  with  a  decision  of  the  trustees  to 
establish  a  purely  scientific  library  in  connection  with  the  new  Brooklyn  Institute  of  Arts  and  Sciences. 
The  librarian  of  the  Union  for  Christian  Work  is  Miss  Fanny  Hull.  The  Eastern  District  Public  School 
Library,  at  South  Third  street,  corner  of  Driggs  avenue,  contains  18,000  books  for  the  use  of  residents  as 
well  as  for  pupils  of  public  school  districts  Nos.  16,  17,  18,  19,  22,  23,  24,  26,  31,  23,  34  and  37;  it  is  open  to 
the  general  public  on  Tuesdays  and  Fridays,  from  4  to  6,  and  from  7  till  9  P.  M.  The  librarian  is  A.  D. 
Stetson.  The  Long  Island  Free  Library,  of  568  Atlantic  avenue,  is  the  largest  of  the  free  libraries  which 
are  independent  of  any  institution.  It  receives  its  support  from  the  directors  and  voluntary  contributions, 
and  has  thrived  for  a  little  over  twelve  years  on  the  same  site.  It  has  about  8,000  volumes  for  circulation 
and  a  commodious  reading-room.  Its  work  is  of  an  unpretentious  but  essential  ciiaracter  among  the  masses. 
The  librarian  is  Charles  L.  Davis.  There  are,  besides  these,  a  number  of  smaller  free  libraries  and  reading- 
rooms,  most  of  them  conducted  as  missions  of  some  church,  or  other  religious  body,  or  by  some  charitable 
society.  There  are  also  several  excellent  libraries  which  are  not  entirely  free  to  the  public,  but  the  terms  of 
admission  to  which  are  such  that  any  earnest  student  or  visitor  can  gain  access.  Among  these  are  those 
of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  at  502  Fulton  street,  which  has  11,000  volumes;  the  Law 
Library,  in  the  court  house,  for  the  use  of  the  judges  and  members  of  the  bar  of  the  second  judicial  district; 
and  the  library  of  the  Medical  Society  of  the  County  of  Kings,  at  356  Bridge  street,  which  is  for  the  use 
of  the  medical  profession  generally. 

PRIVATE    LIBRARIES. 

Of  book-lovers  and  collectors  of  books  Brooklyn  has  its  full  share.  In  some  directions  the  bibliophiles 
of  this  city  are  recognized  as  the  leading  authorities  in  the  country.  A  few  of  the  notable  collections  must 
suffice  for  the  purposes  of  the  present  work,  and  will  illustrate  the  quality  of  the  treasures  of  this  kind  that 
are  housed  in  Brooklyn. 

The  library  of  Norton  Q.  Pope  is  one  of  those  ideally  designed  repositories  for  the  priceless  treasures 
of  literature,  which  are  unfortunately  none  too  common  on  our  side  of  the  Atlantic.  Here,  housed  in  a 
spacious  structure  attached  to  the  western  wing  of  Mr.  Pope's  residence  at  241  Park  place,  are  more  than 
three  thousand  volumes,  which  have  been  collected  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Pope  with  admirable  judgment  and  at 
great  expense.  They  illustrate  every  period  of  English  literature  and  printing  from  the  days  of  block 
letter  down  to  the  highest  typographical  perfection  of  the  Victorian  era.  The  collection  is  rich  in  priceless 
examples  of  binding,  rare  and  unique.  Many  of  the  books  form  thin  volumes  of  perhaps  twenty  or  twenty- 
five  pages  each,  and  include  only  a  single  play  or  poem.  Some  of  them,  and  particularly  those  bound  by 
Kaufmannand  Michel,  are  ornate  with  the  most  exquisite  of  hand  tooling  and  marquetry  extant.  Kaufmann, 
who  is  a  German  engaged  in  business  in  London,  has  always  been  especially  proficient  in  this  style  of 
marquetry  work,  and  Mr.  Pope's  library  contains  many  of  his  best  examples.  So  delicate  and  nicely  adjusted 
are  the  minute  wooden  fragments  with  which  he  forms  the  inside  panels  of  his  covers  that  his  efforts  bear  all 
the  finish  and  artistic  effect  of  the  most  minute  and  perfect  mosaic.  The  bindings  produced  by  such  French- 
men as  Michel,  David  and  Chambolle-Duru  are  possibly  still  more  exquisite.  An  edition  of  Burns'  poetical 
and  prose  writings,  published  originally  in  six  volumes  at  Edinburgh  in  1877-78,  has  been  extended  by  Mr. 
Pope  to  thirteen  volumes.  The  additions  consist  of  manuscript  letters  and  the  rhyming  epistles  for  which 
Burns  was  famous,  some  correspondence  of  the  poet's  son,  Gilbert  ;  the  communications  which  passed 
between  Dr.  Currie  and  Burns'  family,  relative  to  his  last  illness,  and  a  multitude  of  etchings,  engravings, 
water  color  sketches  and  portraits,  illustrative  of  Burns'  literary  productions.  Inside  the  cover  of  the  first 
volume  is  a  medallion-like  excision,  covered  with  glass  and  containing  a  lock  from  the  dark  brown  tresses 
of  Deborah  Davis,  a  Caledonian  Amaryllis,  who  at  one  time  reigned  supreme  in  the  affections  of  the  poet. 
These  volumes  also  include  some  verses  on  the  Galway  election,  the  original  manuscript  of  "It  was  a'  for 
our  Rightfu'  King"  ;  two  autograph  letters  of  Scott,  and  one  of  John  Gibson  Lockhart.  Probably  no  other 
example  of  grangerizing  in  the  United  States,  and  perhaps  few  in  Europe,  have  produced  such  valuable 
results  Among  Mr.  Pope's  treasures  are  the  "  Morte  D'Arthur,"  printed  by  Caxton  in  1485,  and  the  only  per- 
fect copy  extant ;  "  Gower  Confessio,"  printed  by  Caxton  in  1493,  and  one  of  the  only  five  existnig  copies  : 
"Contemplacyon  and  Meditacyon,"  printed  by  Wynkynde  Worde;  the  four  folios  of  Shakespeare,  published 
in  1623  1632  1664  and  1685  ,  Watson's  "  Passionate  Centurie  of  Love  ;"  Thomas  Middleton's  "  Honourable 
Entertainment  "printed  in  1621,  and  the  only  known  copy  ;  Spenser's  "  Fairie  Queene,"  published  1590-96; 
"James  I's  Poetical  Exercises,"  1591  ;  Bacon's  "Apology,"   .605;  Bacon's  "Advancement  of  Learmng," 


776 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


1605,  and  "Essa}'S,"  1625;  Walton's  "Compleat  Angler,"  first  edition,  1653;  Filson's  "History  of  Ken- 
tucke,"  with  one  of  the  only  two  known  maps;  "  Purchas  and  his  Pilgrimages,"  which  has  been  perfected 
by  the  introduction  of  a  rare  map  of  China  ;  and  the  original  manuscript  of  the  Dickens-Collins  "  Household 
Words,"  first  published  in  1S92  in  Harper  s  Weekly.  Besides  these  and  other  treasures  of  almost  equal 
value,  the  library  contains  a  missal,  originally  made  for  Charles  VL  of  France,  and  more  than  four  hundred 
and  seventy  years  old,  and  "The  Field  of  the  Cloth  of  Gold,"  a  magnificently  illustrated  memorial  of  the 
famous  meeting  between  the  kings  of  England  and  France.  The  bindings  include  an  original  Grolier,  and 
examples  by  Lortic,  Cuzin,  Hayday,  Riviere,  Charles  Lew'is,  and  the  famous  Bedford  binding  on  Rogers' 
"Poems"  and  "Italy."  Mr.  Pope's  library  and  other  portions  of  his  house  are  hung  with  a  number  of 
superb  paintings  by  Aieissonier,  Vernet,  Detaille,  Bellecoeur,  George  Inness,  Bastien  Le  Page,  Rous- 
seau, a  peculiarly  fine  Roybet,  Schreyer,  ViUegas  and  other  modern  masters.  Several  of  Benjamin  Con- 
stant's more  important  works  are  also  in  Mr.  Pope's  possession,  including  a  portrait  of  Mrs.  Pope. 

From  the  law  and  from  medicine,  for  both  of  which  professions  he  was  regularly  qualified,  Professor 
Charles  E.  West  turned  his  attention  years  ago  to  the  higher  education  of  women,  wherein  he  achieved 
marked  success  in  mathematics  and  experimental  physics  and  chemistry.  When  he  came  to  Brooklyn,  in  i860, 
he  substituted  the  fine  arts  as  the  particular  branch  of  instruction  to  which  he  devoted  himself.  His  method 
was  to  give  lectures  illustrated  by  pictures,  and  in  his  search  for  illustrative  examples  he  gathered  together 
one  of  the  most  remarkable  private  collections  of  etchings,  engravings,  photographs  and  curios  in  existence. 
In  the  collection  are  some  of  the  rarest  examples  known,  and  in  addition  he  has  an  extremely  valuable 
collection  of  rare  books.  Among  these  is  the  first  mathematical  treatise  ever  published.  It  is  dated  1494 
and  i.s  a  work  entitled  "  Sumnia  de  Arithmetica,  Geometria,  Proportion  et  Propt)rtionalite,"  by  Lucia  Pacioli 
di  Borgo.  There  is  in  the  same  case  a  rare  work  on  optics — "  Oculus  Artificiates,"  1685,  by  R.  P.  F.  Joanne 
Zahn,  a  contemporary  of  Newton.  I'he  "  Eras  Osvvalda  "  or  new  theories  of  planetary  physics,  by  Georgius 
Purbachius,  is  a  superb  Leslie  copy.  He  also  has  the  Leipsic  Aches  (118  vols.)  published  in  1683,  and  in 
one  of  these  volumes  he  found  the  first  article  ever  written  on  the  differential  calculus.  There  is  an  example 
of  fine  printing  in  a  Virgil  turned  out  by  the  Baskerville  printing  office  of  Birmingham,  England,  in  1756, 
with  the  Vatican  codex  and  illustrations  placed  opposite  the  text.  It  belonged  to  John  Wells,  a  noted 
lawyer  of  New  York  some  seventy  or  eighty  years  ago.  The  Sclavic  Scriptures  is  another  of  his  books, 
also  rare.  It  is  a  fac-simile  copy  of  the  original  parchment  (even  the  holes  in  the  skin  being  skillfully 
imitated)  and  is  beautifully  illuminated.  It  was  printed  by  order  of  the  Emperor  of  Russia,  to  be  used  at  the 
coronation  of  French  Kings.  There  were  only  a  hundred  printed,  eighty  of  which  he  kept  for  his  own  use 
and  the  remainder  he  permitted  to  be  sold.  In  the  realm  of  art  perhaps  one  of  the  leading  treasures  of  the 
Professor's  library  is  Gilchrist's  "  Life  of  William  Blake."  It  was  in  two  octavo  volumes,  but  the  professor 
has  made  it  over  into  three  large  quarto  volumes,  the  original  pages  being  inlaid  and  245  extra  illustrations 
being  added.  Forty  original  drawings  of  Blake  Professor  West  loaned  to  the  exhibition  of  the  Boston 
Museum  of  Fine  Arts  in  1891,  and  to  an  exhibition  of  the  drawings  and  sketches  of  Turner,  Gainsborough 
and  Blake  given  by  Keppel  &  Co.  in  New  York  in  1892.  His  collection  illustrative  of  Japanese  art  is 
very  large  and  inclusive,  the  objects  ranging  from  sacred  shrines  and  images  down  to  the  hats  of  priests 
and  articles  used  in  worship.  The  collection  includes  enough  material,  all  imported  directly  from  Japan 
places  of  worship,  to  furnish  one  temple  complete,  and  give  a  separate  shrine  to  all  the  seven  leading  gods 
and  several  of  the  lesser  ones.  Ijronzes  and  carved  wooden  articles  abound  and  there  are  many  paintings. 
He  has  also  an  immense  number  of  studies  for  the  microscope  and  a  variety  of  stereopticon  slides  which  it 
would  be  impossible  to  duplicate.  All  these  things  make  of  his  home  at  76  Pierrepont  street  a  veritable 
museum  illustrative  of  every  age  and  phase  of  art. 

The  library  collected  by  the  late  Gordon  Leicester  Ford  is  of  such  excellence  and  completeness  as 
to  rise  almost  to  the  level  of  the  great  public  libraries  which,  indeed,  it  surpasses  in  its  special  features. 
Gordon  L.  Ford  was  long  a  familiar  figure  in  Brooklyn.  He  was  iwrn  on  December  16,  1823,  in  the  town 
of  Lebanon,  Conn.,  of  sturdy  New  England  stock.  At  the  age  of  eleven  years  he  came  to  New 
York  and  entered  the  store  of  his  uncle,  Gordon  Burnham.  For  nearly  six  years  he  served  an  appren- 
ticeship under  his  uncle,  attending  for  some  months  in  1836  an  English  and  classical  school  kept  by  S. 
Johnston  at  554  Broadway,  then  well  out  of  town;  and  in  1837,  the  Collegiate  School,  held  by  Forest  & 
Milligan  at  115  Franklin  street.  In  1840  he  was  engaged  to  keep  the  books  of  the  firm  of  Cook  &  Cutter, 
the  original  house  of  H.  B.  Claflin  &  Company,  at  a  salary  of  $300  a  year.  He  next  accepted  a  position  in 
the  United  States  marshal's  office,  and  m  1845  determined  to  study  law  and  became  a  clerk  in  the  office  of 
Alexander  Gardiner,  then  an  attorney  of  the  New  York  Supreme  Court.  He  was  admitted  to  the  New  York 
bar  in  1850  and  for  more  than  twenty  years  was  in  active  practice.  He  was  one  of  the  original  members  of 
the  Lawyers'  Club  of  New  York.  His  energy  and  business  talent  were  soon  recognized  in  his  election  to 
the  presidency  of  the  New  London,  \\'illimantic  and  Palmer  Railroad,  to  succeed  the  Hon.  Thomas  W. 
Williams.     This  necessitated  his  removal  to  New  London,  where  he  remained  until  the  road  passed  under  a 


778 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


new  control,  after  which  he  came  to  Brooklyn,  where  he  resided  till  his  death.  He  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  Brooklyn  Art  Association,  and  was  its  treasurer  for  many  years,  unselfishly  giving  time  and  means, 
and  carrying  it  through  a  period  when  its  success  was  problematical.  He  was  a  director  in  the  Academy 
of  Music  from  the  beginning,  and  in  the  last  years  of  his  life,  as  chairman  of  the  executive  committee,  he 
was  influential  in  framing  the  policy  of  that  institution.  In  the  Philharmonic  and  Long  Island  Historical 
societies,  in  the  Brooklyn  Library,  and  in  a  number  of  similar  ventures  and  in  charitable  undertakings,  he 
proved  his  sympathy  and  interest  by  advancing  their  welfare.  What  aid  he  gave  was  given  without  osten- 
tation and  often  indirectly,  and  only  his  books  show  how  extensive  it  was.  Mr.  Ford  was  a  man  of  strong 
political  convictions.  His  early  connection  with  the  Quakers  had  turned  him  to  abolitionism,  and  he  was 
a  Republican  from  the  foundation  of  that  party.  With  Simeon  B.  Chittenden  and  others  he  established 
the  Union.  In  April,  1869,  President  Grant  nominated  him  for  the  post  of  collector  of  internal  revenue  for 
the  third  district.  The  president's  choice  was  confirmed  by  the  senate,  and  he  held  the  office  till  187 1, 
when  he  was  set  aside  because  of  his  refusing  to  subscribe  to  the  political  fund,  under  dictation  from  the 
party  leaders.  His  affiliations  still  remained  with  the  Republican  party.  He  desired  a  reform  of  the 
revenue  system,  and  was  opposed  to  the  renomination  of  Grant,  believing  him  to  be  responsible  for  the 
drift  of  party  mismanagement,  though  not  directly  participating  in  the  profits  accruing  to  the  various 
"rings"  that  had  grown  up  under  his  protection.  Mr.  Ford  thus  became  identified  with  the  liberal  Repub- 
lican movement  of  1872,  attended  the  conference  in  April  that  led  to  the  convention  at  Cincinnati  in  May, 
went  to  that  convention  as  a  delegate,  cast  his  vote  and  influence  in  favor  of  Charles  Francis  Adams,  hoping 
to  reform  the  party  from  within,  saw  the  defeat  of  his  candidate  and  the  nomination  of  Horace  Greeley; 
but  not  being  able  to  endorse  the  action  of  the  convention,  retired  from  active  participation  in  politics  and 
maintained  an  independent  attitude.  In  1873  he  became  the  business  manager  of  the  New  York  Tribune, 
and  ably  filled  the  responsible  position  for  nearly  nine  years,  after  which,  with  the  exception  of  a  short 
term  as  president  of  a  local  railroad,  he  held  no  other  position  of  public  importance.  In  1854  Mr.  Ford 
married  Emily  Ellsworth  Fowler,  a  granddaughter  of  Noah  Webster,  who  survived  him.  He  died  on 
November  14,  1891.  Deeply  interested  as  Mr.  Ford  was  in  Brooklyn's  welfare,  his  claims  for  remembrance 
must  lie  in  another  direction.  He  was  one  of  the  earliest  of  American  autograph  collectors,  and  was  among 
the  first  of  a  small  number  who  realized  the  value  and  interest  of  a  library  of  American  historical  writings. 
For  more  than  fifty  years  he  was  an  ardent  and  patient  collector,  and  was  well  known  as  such  in  Europe  as 
well  as  America.  As  a  result,  his  collection  of  books  and  manuscripts  is  one  of  the  largest  and  most  valu- 
able in  the  country,  and  few  private  collectors  can  show  so  extensive  or  specialized  a  library  of  Americana. 
He  opened  this  collection  to  students,  and  with  a  view  to  making  the  historical  manuscripts  public 
property,  established  a  Printing  Club,  in  which  his  sons  were  associated.  More  than  seventy  volumes  on 
American  history  issued  from  this  club  before  his  death.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Hamilton  Club 
and  of  the  New  England  Society,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Lotus,  Lawyers'  and  Reform  clubs  of  New 
York.  The  literary  collections  of  Gordon  Leicester  Ford  were  left  by  will  to  his  two  sons,  Worthington 
Chauncey  Ford  and  Paul  Leicester  Ford. 

Worthington  C.  Ford  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  on  February  16,  1858,  was  educated  in  Brooklyn 
schools,  and  for  some  years  was  an  attendant  at  the  Polytechnic  Institute.  Entering  Columbia  College  in 
1875  he  did  not  complete  his  course  but  entered  into  business  in  an  insurance  office.  Under  the  influence 
of  David  A.  Wells,  he  studied  finance  and  wrote  for  the  Evening  Post.  He  was  secretary  of  the  Brooklyn 
Revenue  Reform  Club,  of  which  Mr.  Beecher  was  the  president,  and  also  he  was  secretary  of  the  Society  for 
Political  Education.  In  18S0  he  was  called  to  the  editorial  staff  of  the  New  York  Herald.  A  revenue 
reformer,  he  was  active  in  furthering  the  tariff  reduction  policy  of  the  day,  opposing  the  repeal  of  the 
internal  revenue  ta.xes  and  favoring  honest  money.  After  the  election  of  Mr.  Cleveland  he  left  the  Herald 
and  was  appointed  chief  of  the  bureau  of  statistics  in  the  department  of  state  under  Secretary  Bayard.  His 
taste  for  historical  writing  continued,  and  he  gave  assistance  to  many  wishing  to  use  the  historical  manu- 
scripts owned  and  then  kept  under  lock  and  key  by  the  government  ;  he  laid  before  the  president  a  plan 
for  making  these  manuscripts  public,  which  was  warmly  endorsed  by  President  Cleveland,  Secretary  Bayard 
and  many  leading  writers  on  history.  Resigning  his  office  on  the  election  of  Mr.  Harrison,  Mr.  Ford 
remained  in  Washington  for  two  years  to  complete  his  collection  of  the  Washington  writings,  and  returning 
to  Brooklyn  joined  with  his  father  and  brother  in  their  schemes.  He  has  published  many  works  on  eco- 
nomic and  social  science.  Among  his  issues  are  :  "  The  Writings  of  George  Washington,"  14  vols. ;  "Letters 
of  William  Lee,"  3  vols. ;  "  Spurious  Letters  Attributed  to  Washington,"  "  Correspondence  and  Journals  of 
Samuel  B.  Webb,"  3  vols.;  "Letters  of  Joseph  Jones,"  "Washington  Wills,"  "The  United  States  and  Spain 
in  1790,"  "Washington  as  an  Employer  and  Importer  of  Labor,"  and  many  others.  He  was  long  a  member 
of  the  Hamilton  Club,  and  is  now  a  member  of  the  Century  and  Reform  clubs  of  New  York  and  the  Metro- 
politan of  Washington.  In  1881  he  was  elected  an  honorary  member  of  the  Cobden  Club,  London,  and  in 
1887  a  corresponding  member  of  the  New  York  and  Maryland  Historical  societies. 


LITERATURE    AND   THE    FINE   ARTS.  779 

Paul  Leicester  Ford  was  born  in  Brooklyn  on  March  23,  1865.  Owing  to  early  ill  health  his  educa- 
tion was  almost  wholly  obtained  from  the  books  of  his  father's  library,  with  the  natural  result  of  directing 
his  attention  to  the  study  of  American  history  and  bibliography,  on  which  subjects  he  early  began  to  write, 
first  for  the  newspapers  and  later  in  more  permanent  form.  His  earliest  books  were  works  on  genealogy, 
mostly  relating  to  his  own  family  or  bibliographical  lists.  In  1886  he  compiled  "  Bibliotheca  Hamiltoniana," 
a  list  of  editions  of  the  Federalist,  and  a  list  of  the  treasury  reports  and  circulars  issued  1789-95.  "  List  of 
the  Members  of  the  Federal  Convention  of  1787,"  "Some  Materials  for  a  Bibliography  of  the  Official 
Publications  of  the  Continental  Congress,"  "  Bibliography  and  Reference  List  of  the  History  and  Litera- 
ture Relating  to  the  Adoption  of  the  Constitution,"  and  "  Pamphlets  on  the  Constitution,"  were  issued 
in  1888,  and  the  latter  was  supplemented  in  1892  by  a  companion  volume  entitled  :  "  Essays  on  the  Consti- 
tution." His  most  ambitious  publications  in  1889  were  his  "  Franklin  Bibliography "  and  his  "Check  List 
of  Bibliographies,  Catalogues,  Reference  Lists  and  Lists  of  Authorities  of  American  Books  and  Subjects  ;" 
but  he  also  wrote  pamphlet  essays  entitled,  "  Who  was  the  Mother  of  Franklin's  Son?"  "Check  List  of 
American  Magazines  Printed  in  the  Eighteenth  Century,"  and  "  List  of  Some  Briefs  in  Appeal  Causes,"  and 
edited  "Ideals  of  the  Republic,"  a  second  edition  of  which  was  quickly  issued  as  "Great  Words  of  Great 
Americans."  In  1890  he  edited  "  The  Sayings  of  Poor  Richard,"  "  Partial  Bibliography  of  the  Writings  of 
the  Members  of  the  American  Historical  Association,"  a  series  of  tractates  entitled  "Winnowings  in  Ameri- 
can History,"  and  wrote  "The  Origin,  Purpose  and  Results  of  the  Harrisburg  Convention  of  1788."  Last 
year  he  edited  "  Orderly  Book  of  the  Maryland  Loyalists,"  and  in  the  present  year  he  contributed  a  chapter 
to  the  "  Memorial  Volume  of  the  Washington  Centennial,"  and  has  edited  "  The  Writings  of  Columbus." 
After  this  he  engaged  in  preparing  editions  of  the  writings  of  Thomas  Jefferson,  to  be  in  ten  volumes,  and 
of  John  Dickinson,  to  be  in  three  volumes,  as  well  as  a  number  of  minor  volumes.  In  the  last  eight  years 
he  has  contributed  to  the  Eagle  and  many  reviews,  magazines  and  other  periodicals.  Of  the  Library  Journal 
he  has  been  editor  since  1889.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Long  Island,  New  York,  Pennsylvania  and  American 
Historical  societies,  and  of  the  Century,  Grolier  and  Reform  clubs  of  New  York  and  the  Metropolitan  Club 
of  Washington,  and  holds  or  has  held  official  positions  in  the  New  England  Society,  Hamilton  Club,  Tree 
Planting  and  Fountain  Society  and  New  York  Library  Club. 

LITERARY  SOCIETIES. 

Among  existent  organizations  in  the  United  States  which  are  devoted  solely  to  purposes  of  literary 
culture  but  one  can  claim  priority  in  point  of  age  to  the  Franklin  Literary  Society,  of  this  city.  Early  in 
the  autumn  of  1864,  at  a  gathering  of  young  men  in  this  city,  a  suggestion  was  made  that  an  organization  be 
formed  for  the  purpose  of  conducting  debates  on  literary  subjects.  A  subsequent  meeting  was  held  on 
October  19,  1864,  at  the  house  of  Mr.  W.  H.  Spencer,  at  151  Montague  street.  There  were  present  James 
H.  Lightbody,  Daniel  Webster  Talmadge,  William  H.  Spencer,  George  J.  Laighton,  Rufus  W.  Powell,  Ardon 
K.  Powell,  Charles  E.  Talmadge,  John  E.  Ketcham  and  Richard  D.  Jacques,  the  majority  of  whom  are  still 
connected  with  the  organization.  The  meeting  resulted  in  the  formation  of  the  Franklin  Club.  James  H. 
Lightbody  was  the  first  president.  In  the  following  year  the  name  was  changed  and  the  organization  became 
known  as  the  Franklin  Literary  Society.  Meetings  were  held  during  the  first  years  of  its  existence  in  the 
Rev.  L.  W.  Hart's  private  school-room  on  the  Heights,  and  at  a  later  period  in  the  chapel  of  the  old  Poly- 
technic Institute  on  Livingston  street,  where  the  members  debated  various  questions  during  the  ne.xt  eleven 
years.  In  May,  1869,  a  charter  of  incorporation  was  obtained.  From  the  Polytechnic  Institute  the  society 
transferred  its  home  to  a  building  on  the  corner  of  Clinton  and  Montague  streets,  and  from  there,  on 
October  i,  1883,  to  the  room  which  it  now  tenants  on  the  second  floor  of  the  Hamilton  building,  at  44  Court 
street,  which  was  formerly  used  by  the  Hamilton  Literary  Association.  The  Franklin  has  increased  slowly 
but  steadily  in  membership.  It  includes  upon  its  rolls  the  names  of  many  who  are  eminent  in  the  social 
and  political  life  of  the  city.  The  Birthday  of  Benjamin  Franklin  is  annually  commemorated  by  a  dinner, 
which  ranks  among  the  most  important  events  of  the  season,  and  its  various  reunions  which  have  occurred 
during  the  last  few  years  have  been  notable  by  reason  of  their  marked  success. 

The  Bryant  Literary  Society  was  organized  fifteen  years  ago  by  a  few  residents  of  Prospect 
Heights.  With  the  advent  of  a  new  board  of  officers  about  seven  years  ago,  under  the  presidency  of  D.  B. 
Templeton,  the  character  of  the  society  was  materially  changed  ;  its  distinctively  literary  activities  were  in 
some  measure  discontinued  and  it  became  a  factor  in  the  musical  and  literary  education  of  the  public.  The 
membership  rapidly  increased  to  the  limit  of  one  thousand,  and  public  entertainments  were  inaugurated  at 
which  the  best  professional  talent  appeared.  These  have  been  continued  until  the  present  time.  Under  the 
presidency  of  Charles  L.  Rickerson  the  Bryant  first  held  its  meetings  in  the  large  auditorium  of  the  Young 
Men's  Christian  Association.  The  society  contains  many  representative  Brooklynites.  Artists,  literary  and 
musical  who  have  appeared  at  the  public  entertainments  of  the  Bryant,  unite  in  commendation  of  the 
character  of  the  audiences  whom  they  have  been  called  upon  to  face.     The  presidency  of  the  society  during 


ySo  THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 

the  List  few  years  has  been  held  in  succession  by  A.  S.  Higgins,  George  A.  Price,  William  J.  Tate,  Charles 
P.  Manney,  James  Matthews  and  C.  A.  Blauvelt.  The  membership  fee  is  nominal  and  the  lists  are  usually 
filled  to  the  limit. 

There  are  between  forty  and  forty-five  other  clubs  and  associations,  some  purely  literary  in  their  aims, 
and  others,  including  dramatic  or  musical  work,  often  of  a  high  character.  The  good  effect  of  many  of 
these  associations  upon  the  intellectual  life  of  the  city  is  unquestionably  very  great. 

The  Cercle  Parisien  was  organized  exclusively  for  the  study  of  the  French  language  and  literature. 
It  was  established  in  the  winter  of  i89i-'92  by  a  few  jDeople  with  literary  inclinations,  most  of  the  original 
members  being  residents  of  WiUiamsburgh.  It  has  now  about  twenty  members,  but  it  is  largely  informal  in 
its  methods,  and  requires  no  official  staff  to  conduct  its  affairs.  Any  business  which  directly  affects  its  inter- 
ests is  submitted  to  an  executive  committee  of  five,  of  which  Alexander  Black,  a  prime  factor  in  creating 
the  organization,  is  chairman.  Meetings  are  held,  on  every  alternate  Saturday  evening,  at  the  homes  of  the 
members. 

AVith  a  limited  number  of  members  linked  together  by  the  most  informal  ties.  The  Tabard  can  scarcely 
be  termed  an  organization.  It  has  no  constitution,  no  by-laws  and  no  officers.  It  is  composed  of  a  dozen 
men,  who  have  literary,  artistic  and  musical  tastes,  and  its  list  of  members  is  made  up  both  of  Brooklynites 
and  residents  of  New  York.  Duffield  Osborne,  Howard  Seely  and  Harry  Rowe  Shelley,  all  Brooklyn  men, 
were  the  prominent  elements  in  its  establishment.  It  began  to  exist  about  1887,  and  since  that  time  has 
never  sought  to  obtrude  itself  or  its  work  upon  public  notice.  The  meetings  of  The  Tabard,  usually  held  on, 
the  first  Wednesday  in  each  month  at  the  houses  of  the  members,  are  devoted  to  the  purposes  of  informal 
discussion  and  criticism  on  literary,  artistic  or  musical  subjects. 

For  the  last  ten  years  JMrs.  Mary  J.  Field,  formerly  a  resident  of  Brooklyn,  but  now  living  in  New 
York,  has  lectured  on  literary  subjects  in  this  city  before  a  class  composed  of  women  mpre  or  less  prom- 
inent in  society.  The  class,  which  eventually  assumed  the  title  of  Mrs.  Field's  Literary  Club,  now  com- 
prises about  seventy-five  members,  and  its  meetings  are  held  once  a  fortnight  at  private  houses.  At  the 
opening  meeting  in  the  autumn  of  every  year  some  distinguished  author  or  authoress  is  invited  to  address 
the  club  on  some  literary  subject  or  else  to  read  selections  from  their  own  writings.  One  of  the  most 
notable  of  these  events  was  that  which  took  place  in  the  autumn  of  1892,  at  the  home  of  Sidney  V.  Lowell 
on  Columbia  Heights,  when  Marion  Crawford,  the  novelist,  made  his  first  public  appearance  in  America. 
The  president  of  the  club  is  Mrs.  Mary  J.  Field. 

ART   EDUCATION,   ART  CLUBS  AND    ARTISTS. 

In  the  fine  arts,  as  in  literature,  the  catholic  spirit  of  the  nineteenth  century  has  almost  obliterated  the 
old  provincial  lines,  and  the  cosmopolitan  character  of  modern  life  finds  full  expression  in  modern  art. 
When  Brooklyn  first  became  active  in  art  matters  the  days  of  national  and  local  schools  were  fast  passing 
away;  and  although  the  art  production  in  this  city  is  extensive  and  of  a  high  order  of  excellence,  there 
never  has  been  a  Brooklyn  art.  On  a  later  page  is  given  a  partial  list  of  the  distinguished  and  famous 
names  of  artists  who  have  lived  and  labored  here,  and  who  still  live  and  labor,  but  this  does  not  seem  the 
chief  standpoint  from  which  to  judge  the  city's  activity  in  the  realm  of  art.  These  artists  have  worked 
apart,  and  the  credit  they  reflect  upon  their  place  of  residence  is  individual.  The  city's  enduring  title  to 
rank  among  art  producing  centres  should  be  sought  primarily  in  the  work  which  has  been  done  here  in  the 
department  of  art  education.  In  the  art  schools  of  Brooklyn  many  hundreds  of  artists  have  received 
instruction  who  have  subsequently  attained  eminence  elsewhere,  though  often  their  fame  has  ceased  to  be 
associated  with  the  city  where  the  foundations  of  their  success  were  laid.  It  is  through  these  schools  that 
Brooklyn  artists,  as  a  body,  have  exercised  their  widest  influence. 

The  first  organization  for  imparting  adequate  instruction  in  art  was  founded  something  more  than  half 
a  century  ago  by  the  Brooklyn  Institute,  to  which  Augustus  Graham  bequeathed  a  sum  of  money  for 
that  purpose.  It  accordingly  bore  the  name  of  its  benefactor,  and  the  Graham  Art  School  did  noble 
work  in  giving  an  earnestness  of  endeavor  to  the  pursuit  of  art  as  a  profession,  and  the  free  tuition  there 
afforded  gave  the  first  impulse  to  many  a  budding  talent.  It  was  one  of  the  teachers  in  this  school,  Mr. 
Hoskins,  who  in  cooperation  with  the  marine  painter,  Mr.  Thompson,  formed  the  short-lived  Brooklyn  Art 
Union  in  185  i.  Only  one  exhibition  was  held  ;  the  pictures  were  disposed  of  by  lottery  and  Walt  Whitman 
delivered  the  address,  but  the  legislature  construed  this  method  of  fostering  art  as  a  form  of  gambling,  and 
suppressed  the  Art  Union  by  special  enactment. 

The  formation  of  the  Ski:ich  Club  in  1857  marks  the  second  important  advance  in  the  development 
of  a  local  interest  in  art.  Even  at  that  time  Brooklyn  was  the  home  of  many  artists.  Among  the  active 
members  of  this  club  were  F.  A.  Chapman,  George  Inness,  Alonzo  Chapped,  John  Williamson,  Regis 
Gignoux,  James  Dick,  F.  1!.  Carpenter  and  Rufus  Wright ;  besides  J.  B.  Whittaker,  J.  G.  Brown,  J.  M. 
Falconer,  Samuel  Coleman,  S.  J.  Guy  and  John  A.  Parker,  who  are  still  of  Brooklyn.     These  artists  formed 


LITERATURE    AND    THE    FINE   ARTS.  781 

the  Sketch  Club,  which  soon  reached  a  membership  of  about  forty  ;  subjects  were  given  out  and  sketches 
prepared,  which  were  displayed  and  criticised  at  the  semi-monthly  meetings.  Original  composition  as  well 
as  social  intercourse  was  among  the  purposes  of  the  club,  and  the  benefits  of  mutual  criticism  and  encour- 
agement are  surely  obvious  in  the  eminence  reached  in  their  profession  by  the  members  just  named.  Through 
the  exhibitions  of  this  club  the  general  public  was  first  made  aware  of  the  existence  of  a  large  and  active 
art  circle  in  this  city.     Such  recognition  is  always  the  first  great  step  toward  success. 

The  importance  of  the  last-named  organization  in  the  art  annals  of  the  city  lies  in  the  fact  that  it  was 
the  origin  of  the  Brooklyn  Art  Association.  After  an  unusually  successful  exhibition  in  January,  1861, 
the  club  held  a  meeting  at  which  it  decided  to  admit  lay  members  ;  the  club  adjourned  as  the  Brooklyn  Art 
Association.  The  membership  increased  rapidly  and  the  enterprise  flourished  ;  it  soon  stood  so  high  in 
public  favor  that  its  receptions  were  arranged  on  a  scale  of  considerable  magnificence  and  became  the  most 
brilliant  events  of  the  social  season.  The  efforts  of  this  association  contributed  largely  to  the  phenomenal 
success  of  the  sanitary  fair,  in  connection  with  which  Mr.  John  M.  Falconer  gave  an  exhibition  of  engrav- 
ings, which  was  the  first  of  the  kind  ever  held  in  the  United  States.  In  1872  the  association  was  in  a  posi- 
tion to  erect  a  building  of  its  own,  which  has  now  become  one  of  the  permanent  landmarks  of  the  city. 
But  in  the  eagerness  to  secure  this  building  the  interests  of  the  artists  were  subordinated  ;  the  predominance 
of  the  lay  element  and  the  unpopularity  of  certain  of  the  officers  wrought  evil  and  a  split  occurred. 

Some  seceding  members  from  the  Sketch  Club  comprising,  as  is  usual  in  such  cases,  the  younger  and 
more  progressive  artists,  established  a  rival  institution  in  December,  1S66.  This  was  the  celebrated 
Academy  of  Design.  It  was  started  on  an  educational  basis,  and  by  this  means  the  important  considera- 
tion of  art  education  was  forced  upon  the  Art  Association  itself.  The  leaders  of  this  new  enterprise  were 
H.  Carmienke,  Alonzo  Chappell,  J.  B.  Whittaker,  Rufus  Wright  and  William  Hart ;  Gabriel  Harrison,  too, 
was  one  of  its  active  supporters.  This  institution  was  controlled,  as  all  such  organizations  should  be, 
exclusively  by  artists,  and  free  instruction  was  offered  to  the  young  art  students  of  Brooklyn.  The  history  of 
the  academy  is  the  most  brilliant  episode  in  the  progress  of  art  in  this  city.  The  classes  were  held  at  first 
in  the  Halsey  building,  now  known  as  the  Arbuckle  ;  but  accommodations  were  offered  them  in  the  Brooklyn 
Institute,  and  the  Ciraham  Art  School  was  consolidated  with  the  academy,  which  undertook  the  free  instruc- 
tion of  the  other  institute  classes  in  lieu  of  rental.  Some  difficulty  arose  later  with  the  trustees  of  the  Insti- 
tute, and  the  Academy  of  Design  removed  to  the  corner  of  Court  and  Joralemon  streets.  It  was  here  that 
it  attained  the  height  of  its  prosperity  and  fame;  the  life  classes,  an  important  desideratum  in  those  days, 
were  among  its  most  valuable  features.  The  classes  were  taught  by  Rufus  Wright,  J.  B.  Whittaker,  O.  J. 
Lay  and  L.  Wilmarth.  The  department  of  architecture  was  under  the  direction  of  Rhue  and  Techritz,  the 
latter  of  whom  was  the  designer  of  the  court  house.  Among  the  artists  of  note  who  received  instruction 
in  the  academy  may  be  mentioned  Thomas  Shields,  Rae  Smith,  Delisser  and  Creyfields.  This  school 
attracted  attention  far  and  wide  ;  committees  came  from  Boston,  St.  Louis,  Philadelphia  and  New  York  to 
study  its  methods  of  teaching,  and  many  of  its  distinctive  features  were  adopted  in  the  different  cities.  All 
the  expenses  of  the  academy  were  defrayed  by  the  artists  themselves,  and  the  wonderful  success  of  this 
noble  enterprise  is  a  gratifying  instance  of  generous  devotion  greatly  rewarded.  But  the  reward  did  not 
take  a  pecuniary  shape.  It  was  a  constant  drain  upon  the  private  resources  of  the  artists  as  well  as  a  strain 
upon  their  energies  ;  they  were  paying  seventy-five  dollars  apiece  annually  for  the  privilege  of  teaching  two 
hundred  pupils  six  evenings  in  the  week.  An  application  was  accordingly  made  to  the  city  for  an  appro- 
priation, and  the  sum  of  one  thousand  dollars  was  promised  them  ;  but  the  Art  Association,  hearing  of  this, 
made  a  counter  claim,  and  through  superior  political  influence  secured  the  grant.  The  Academy  of  Design 
was  thus  forced  into  a  compromise  with  the  hostile  institution,  and  accepted  the  use  of  the  basement  in  the 
association  building  for  its  classes,  but  at  the  end  of  the  term  dissatisfaction  arose  over  the  management 
of  the  funds,  and  the  members  again  withdrew  to  their  old  home,  where  they  adjourned  sine  die.  So  ended 
in  1872  this  sincere  endeavor,  and  with  it  passed  away  one  of  the  best-conducted  art  schools  ever  organized 
in  this  country.  The  fine  collection  of  casts  which  had  passed  from  the  Graham  Art  School  into  the  hands 
of  the  Academy  of  Design,  was  sold  to  the  Adelphi  Academy. 

It  is  in  the  Adelphi  Academy  that  the  traditions  of  that  time  are  still  observed  ;  there  Prof.  Whit- 
taker continues  to  make  the  old  salutary  influence  felt  which  obtained  in  the  days  of  the  Academy  of  Design. 
The  art  department  is  splendidly  equipped  under  his  direction,  and  an  average  of  about  one  hundred  and 
twenty-five  students  receive  special  instruction  there.  It  is  one  of  the  few  schools  where  drawing  is  obliga- 
tory as  a  part  of  a  general  education,  and  it  is  probably  the  only  art  school  of  its  kind,  except  that  of  Yale, 
where  instruction  is  given  in  drawing  from  the  living  model.  A  large  number  of  students  from  the  school 
have  attained  distinction  in  their  profession,  among  whom  should  be  named  Eleanor  Bannister,  Shirley 
Turner,  W.  E.  Plympton,  Harry  Roseland,  Hugh  Eaton,  Frank  Boggs  and  Wilson  Demeza. 

The  Polytechnic  has  also  an  excellent  art  department,  which  was  organized  and  is  still  conducted 
by  Prof.  Constantine  Herzberg.  The  accommodations  in  the  new  building  afford  the  amplest  facilities  for 
the  art  classes  and  the  drawing  from  casts,  but  the  main  excellence  of  the  department  lies  in  the  thorough 
course  of  instruction  in  perspective  and  mechanical  drawing. 


782  THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 

The  youngest  of  the  organizations  for  the  teaching  of  art  is  also  one  of  the  largest  and  most  completely 
equipped  in  the  city;  this  is  the  art  school  of  the  Pratt  Institute.  While  all  forms  of  artistic  expression 
here  receive  due  attention,  special  prominence  is  given  to  industrial  art  and  decoration.  The  primary  aim 
of  the  institution  is  to  place  the  young  student  in  a  position  to  support  himself  in  his  profession.  The 
courses  of  instruction  are  accordingly  more  widely  varied  and  at  the  same  time  more  directly  practical 
than  in  the  other  schools. 

The  Brooklyn  Art  Association,  in  accordance  with  certain  stipulations  relating  to  exemption  from 
taxes,  continues  to  maintain  a  free  art  school.  This  was  for  a  time  in  a  languishing  condition,  but  it  has 
recently  been  reorganized.  The  Art  Guild,  which  had  its  rooms  in  the  association  building,  and  where 
Sartain  and  Whittaker  once  taught,  has  been  merged  into  what  is  now  called  the  BROOKLyN  School  of 
Fine  Arts  of  the  Brooklyn  Art  Association.  It  occupies  studios  in  the  old  Ovington  Building,  and 
numbers  about  1 20  students;  the  life  classes  are  conducted  by  Shirlaw,  Fitz  and  Rhind  ;  the  antique  by  W.  H. 
Snyder  and  Joseph  A.  Boston.  The  Art  Association  itself  enjoys  great  prosperity,  and  has  a  membership  at 
present  of  410.  Under  its  auspices  lectures  on  the  fine  arts  are  given  and  the  semi-annual  receptions  con- 
tinue to  be  held.  Whatever  may  have  been  its  mistakes  in  the  treatment  of  the  artist  members  it  has  been 
a  powerful  factor  for  good  in  disseminating  a  knowledge  and  appreciation  of  art  in  the  city  at  large.  One 
of  the  historic  events  in  our  art  annals  was  the  great  reception  on  March,  1872,  when  there  was  brought 
together  in  its  rooms  the  finest  collection  of  American  works  of  art,  chronologically  arranged,  that  has 
ever  been  exhibited  in  this  country. 

The  Rembrandt  Club  includes  the  most  important  art  collectors  and  connoisseurs  in  the  city  in  its 
membership,  and  is  first  among  the  non-professional  art  clubs  of  Brooklyn.  Its  first  informal  meeting  was 
held  at  the  house  of  Daniel  M.  Tredwell,  at  22  Hanson  place,  on  the  i8th  of  March,  1880,  when  Messrs. 
Henry  T.  Cox,  W.  W.  Thomas,  Mr.  Northcote,  Lewis  D.  Mason,  Whitman  W.  Kenyon,  D.  M.  Tredwell  and 
Frederick  Tredwell  discussed  art  subjects  and  the  organization  of  an  art  club.  At  that  meeting  D.  M. 
Tredwell  was  chairman.  Other  meetings  were  subsequently  held  at  Frederick  Tredwell's  book  store 
and  the  plans,  constitution  and  by-laws  considered,  Under  the  name  of  "  The  Social  Art  Club  "  the  society 
organized  in  May  of  the  same  year  at  the  residence  of  Mr.  J.  W.  Stearns,  64  First  place.  The  following 
permanent  officers  were  then  elected  :  Henry  T.  Cox,  president  ;  James  M.  Burt,  vice-president  ;  L.  D. 
Mason,  secretary  ;  and  J.  W.  Stearns,  treasurer.  Mr.  Tredwell's  name  has  always  been  honored  by  the 
club  as  the  first  of  its  founders,  though  he  did  not  accept  official  responsibility  after  the  preliminary  meet- 
ing. Upon  his  motion,  at  the  meeting  held  in  Hugh  Boyd's  house  on  the  24th  of  May,  1880,  the  name 
was  changed  to  that  which  the  society  now  holds.  Owing  to  the  club's  custom  of  meeting  at  the  private 
residences  of  its  members  the  membership  has  of  necessity  been  limited,  its  number  not  exceeding  one 
hundred.  The  membership,  which  includes  nearly  every  Brooklyn  collector  of  pictures,  is  full  and  at  least 
twenty-five  applicants  are  generally  awaiting  a  vacancy.  In  1883  the  club  gave  an  exhibition  of  a  loan 
collection  of  paintings  and  etchings  at  the  Art  Association  building.  The  collection  comprised  the  finest 
paintings  ever  exhibited  in  this  country.  Other  exhibitions  were  given  in  1886,  1888,  and  1889.  From 
May  10,  1880,  to  May  i,  1889,  there  were  fifty-nine  papers  read  before  the  club.  Among  the  artists  who 
appeared  as  lecturers  before  the  club  were  Smillie,  Tracy,  Inness,  Van  Ingen,  Champney,  Ritchie,  Volkmer, 
Millet,  Gibson,  Blashfield,  Hopkinson  Smith,  Paul  Rajon,  Clarence  Cook  and  others.  Among  the  members 
who  have  read  essays  before  the  club  we  find  the  names  of  Chadwick,  Tredwell,  Ritchie,  West,  Mathewson, 
Healy,  Hull,  Ford  and  others.  The  Rembrandt  drawing  class  instituted  by  the  club  for  the  promotion  and 
encouragement  of  art,  in  the  drawing  classes  of  our  public  schools,  is  worthy  of  high  commendation.  A 
drawing  class  has  also  been  organized  in  connection  with  the  art  department  of  the  Brooklyn  Institute. 
In  both  of  these  departments  the  Rembrandt  Club  distributed  prizes  and  medals  to  the  most  proficient 
pupils.  As  a  promoter  of  a  love  for  art  the  club,  in  its  public  and  private  exhibitions  of  paintings,  etchings 
and  other  works  of  art  and  virtu,  in  the  literature  of  the  fifty-nine  essays  read  before  the  club  and  its 
guests  and  in  the  establishment  and  encouragement  of  art  schools,  has  been  of  incalculable  value  to  the 
art-loving  population  of  Brooklyn.  Besides  these  the  Rembrandt  Club  has  given  awards  for  the  best  finished 
etched  plates,  and  by  public  exhibitions,  of  which  there  have  been  four,  at  the  Art  Association  rooms,  has 
aided  in  educating  public  taste  and  knowledge  in  art.  The  present  officers  of  the  club  are  :  president, 
John  S.  James  ;  vice-president,  A.  Augustus  Healy  ;  secretary,  Walter  K.  Paye  ;  treasurer,  Joel  W.  Stearns  ; 
John  B.  Ladd,  chairman  executive  committee. 

The  Brooklyn  Art  Club  was  established  for  the  purpose  of  encouraging  social  intercourse  among 
local  artists  and  of  extending  in  every  possible  manner  the  interests  of  art  and  its  devotees.  Its  organi- 
zation was  begun  at  a  meeting  held  on  December  10,  1879,  at  the  house  of  W.  H.  Philip,  179  Madison  street; 
there  were  present  on  this  occasion  :  F.  A.  Chapman,  Alonzo  Chappell,  John  A.  Parker,  Strafford  Newmarch, 
W,  H.  Philip,  Carleton  Wiggins,  R.  Bruce  Crane,  J.  H.  Cocks,  W.  H.  Snyder,  C.  D.  Hunt,  J.  B.  Stearns,  N. 
A.,  and  Calvin  Rae  Smith.     Public  art  exhibitions  were  held  semi-annually  at  first ;  now  they  are  events 


LITERATURE   AND   THE   FINE   ARTS.  783 

of  annual  recurrence.  The  meetings  of  the  Art  Club  took  place  for  a  long  time  at  the  residences  of  its 
members,  but  of  late  years  they  have  taken  place  in  the  directors'  room  of  the  Art  Association  building  on 
Montague  street,  where  the  exhibitions  also  are  held.  The  club's  first  president  was  Junius  B.  Stearns, 
N.  A.  It  has  more  than  eighty  members  at  the  present  time,  and  its  officers  are  :  Fred  J.  Boston,  presi- 
dent ;  Leonard  Ochtman,  vice-president ;  Wedworth  Wadsworth,  secretary  ;  Frank  Squier,  treasurer. 

As  already  stated,  it  is  mainly  through  the  work  done  in  the  cause  of  art  education  in  Brooklyn  that 
one  can  obtain  a  just  idea  of  the  art  life  of  the  city  as  a  whole.  Yet  the  number  and  eminence  of  the 
artists  who  have  lived  and  worked  here  is  so  considerable  as  in  some  measure  to  account  for  the  high 
standard  in  art  prevailing  in  this  community.  Even  limiting  the  enumeration  to  those  who  have  labored 
among  us  in  comparatively  recent  years,  the  names  are  many  and  notable.  Of  the  artists  no  longer  living 
those  familiar  with  the  art  history  of  the  city  will  recall  F.  A.  Chapman,  Alonzo  Chappell,  John  Williamson, 
Regis  Gignoux,  J.  H.  Frothingham  (a  pupil  of  Gilbert  Stuart),  James  L.  Dick,  H.  Carmienke,  O.  J.  Lay,  R. 
W.  Hubbard,  Strafford  Newmarch,  W.  H.  Philip,  Junius  B.  Stearns,  Walter  Libhey,  Robert  Haskins,  J.  C. 
Piatt,  Henry  Northcote,  Matthew  Wilson,  J.  C.  Cass,  Jesse  Talbot,  the  Smiths — father  and  son — famous 
painters  of  "marine  portraits,"  and  Charles  Burt,  the  well-known  engraver.  Still  living,  though  no  longer 
to  be  classed  as  Brooklynites,  are  George  Inness,  Samuel  Coleman,  J.  G.  Brown,  William  Hart,  M.  F.  H. 
DeHaas,  F.  B.  Carpenter,  R.  Bruce  Crane,  Frank  Boggs,  Percy  and  Leon  Moran,  Leonard  Ochtman,  Calvin 
Rae  Smith,  Stanley  Middleton,  Johannes  Oertel,  L.  Wilmarth,  Rufus  Wright,  Lionel  Delissier,  Richard 
Creyfields,  W.  E.  Plympton,  Wilson  Demeza,  J.  H.  Cocks,  Henry  F.  Darby.  Brooklyn  is  yet  the  home  of 
John  M.  Falconer,  J.  M.  Hart,  J.  B.  AVhittaker,  Carleton  Wiggins,  F.  T.  Lee  Boyle,  A.  H.  Ritchie,  Wed- 
worth Wadsworth,  W.  Hamilton  Gibson,  Warren  Sheppard,  James  Northcote,  W.  H.  Snyder,  J.  Carter 
Beard,  Prof.  Constantine  Hertzberg,  Harry  Roseland,  Clinton  Loveridge,  S.  S.  Carr,  Miss  S.  M.  Barstow,  Miss 
M.  A.  Wood,  Miss  Cornelia  Conant,  Gabriel  Harrison,  Thomas  Shields,  Eleanor  Bannister,  Shirley  Turner, 
Hugh  Eaton,  Thomas  M.  Jensen,  Albert  D.  Blashfield,  J.  Meredith  Nugent,  John  A.  Parker,  August  Laux, 
Clark  Crum,  C.  D.  Hunt,  Frederick  J.  Boston,  Joseph  Boston,  Benjamin  Lander,  the  etcher;  the  engravers, 
Beckwith,  E.  J.  Whitney  and  Thomas  Johnson.  The  work  of  the  sculptor  H.  K.  Brown,  who  made  the 
statues  of  DeWitt  Clinton  in  Green-Wood  Cemetery,  of  Lincoln  at  the  entrance  to  Prospect  Park,  and  the 
Washington  in  Union  Square,  New  York,  is  significantly  identified  with  Brooklyn. 

James  McDougal  Hart  studied  painting  under  the  direction  of  his  brother  William  Hart,  and  enjoys 
prominence  as  a  landscape  artist.  He  was  born  in  Kilmarnock,  Scotland,  on  May  10,  1828,  and  was  brought 
to  this  country  when  three  years  old.  After  studying  under  his  brother,  he  visited  Europe  in  1851  and 
became  a  pupil  of  Schirmer  in  Dusseldorf.  He  became  an  A.  N.  A.  in  1857,  and  an  N.  A.  in  1859.  His 
works  include  many  canvases  of  extraordinary  merit.  Among  them  are  :  "  Morning  in  the  Adirondacks," 
"  Summer  on  the  Bouquet  River,"  "  Summer  Memory  of  Berkshire,"  "  Autumn  Woods,"  "  Drove  at  the 
Ford,"  "Through  Dust  Clouds,"  "  At  the  Brookside,"  "  In  our  Village  "  and  "  At  the  Watering  Trough." 

Wedworth  Wadsworth,  who  easily  stands  in  the  front  rank  of  American  water  color  artists,  was 
born  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  in  1846.  His  parents  were  of  New  England  descent.  He  completed  his  education 
at  Yale  College,  where  he  was  graduated  in  1867.  His  artistic  tastes  developed  early  in  life  and  were 
assiduously  cultivated,  but  it  was  not  until  1884  that  he  turned  his  genius  into  professional  channels. 
He  has  devoted  himself  entirely  to  water  color  work,  recognizing  the  fact,  not  hitherto  a  popular  one,  that 
such  a  medium  was  capable  of  transmitting  poetic  expression  with  greater  facility  and  truthfulness  than 
any  other.  His  studies  are  made  direct  from  nature,  and  he  is  as  much  of  an  idealist  as  circumstances  will 
permit.  He  has  also  won  fame  as  an  illustrator,  and  has  used  his  pencil  with  effect  in  connection  with  the 
works  of  Tennyson,  Shakespeare,  Cooper  and  others.  For  the  past  six  years  he  has  been  secretary  of  the 
Brooklyn  Art  Club.  He  belongs  to  the  Salmagundi  and  the  New  York  Water  Color  clubs,  and  is  chairman 
of  the  Brooklyn  Institute's  loan  exhibitions.     In  1890  Yale  College  gave  him  the  honorary  degree  of  Ph.  B. 

Carleton  Wiggins,  the  cattle  painter,  was  born  at  Monroe,  Orange  County,  N.  Y.,  in  1848.  In  1859 
his  parents  moved  to  Brooklyn,  where  Carleton  was  educated.  During  his  thirteenth  year  he  became  a 
clerk  in  the  law  office  of  Dukes  &  Sullivan,  of  New  York.  Remaining  in  that  employ  for  two  years,  he  next 
found  employment  with  the  agent  of  the  London  &  Liverpool  Insurance  Company.  At  the  end  of  eighteen 
months  he  became  an  art  student  at  the  New  York  Academy  of  Design  and  continued  his  studies  under 
the  late  Mr.  Carmiencke  and  George  Inness.  At  the  age  of  twenty  he  opened  a  studio  in  New  York,  and 
soon  attained  success  as  a  landscape  painter.  In  1880  he  went  to  Europe  and  studied  in  Paris  and  elsewhere 
under  the  best  masters,  devoting  himself  almost  exclusively  to  painting  cattle  and  sheep.  Some  of  his 
more  notable  canvases  are  :  "Edge  of  Forest,  Barbizon,"  "Cattle  in  Landscape,"  "Evening  at  Grez,"  "On 
the  Road,  "  September  Day,"  "  Hillside  near  Fontainebleau,"  "  October  Morning,"  "  Gathering  Sea-Weed  " 
and  "  Summer  Morning."  Mr.  Wiggins  is  an  associate  of  the  National  Academy  of  Design  and  a  member 
of  the  Society  of  American  Artists,  the  American  Water  Color  Society,  the  Artists'  Fund  Society,  the 
Salmagundi  Club,  the  Brooklyn  Art  Club  and  the  Oxford  and  Union  League  clubs. 


784 


THE    EAGLE   AND    BROOKLYN. 


The  reputation  enjoyed  by  Edwin  Howland  Blashfield  as  a  painter  of  rare  imaginative  power  and 
a  thorough  master  of  technique  easily  entitles  him  to  recognition  among  the  foremost  artists  of  the  day. 
His  "Roman  Lady's  Fencing  Lesson "  and  "  Lispiration,"  the  former  a  Salon  and  the  latter  a  Royal 
Academy  picture,  have  met  with  appreciation  and  laudatory  criticism.  Not  alone  as  an  artist  in  color 
mediums  has  Mr.  Blashfield  distinguished  himself.  He  is  famous  as  an  illustrator,  and  the  quality  of  work 
produced  by  men  of  his  caliber  is  responsible  in  a  great  measure  for  the  continued  expansion  of  the  black 
and  white  field.  He  has  profusely  illustrated  a  number  of  magazine  articles,  written  in  collaboration  with 
his  wife  and  published  in  leading  American  periodicals;  among  these  have  been  "  Romola  in  Florence," 
"The  Man  at  Arms,"  and  "A  Plea  for  Stage  Pictures."  He  has  also  illustrated  Frank  R.  Stockton's 
"Clocks  of  Rondanie  "  and  Whittier's  "  Legend  of  Rugen,"  Mr.  Blashfield  was  born  in  New  York  in  1848. 
His  early  youth  was  passed  in  Brooklyn,  where  his  family  has  had  a  home  for  years.  At  the  age  of  eighteen 
he  went  to  Paris  and  studied  under  Leon  Bonnat  and  Oerome  When  the  Franco-German  war  began  he 
left  Paris  and  traveled  through  Belgium  and  (lermany,  closing  his  tour  in  Italy,  where  he  spent  eight 
months  as  a  resident  of  Florence.  After  recrossing  the  Atlantic  and  passing  two  years  in  America,  he 
returned  to  Paris  and  exhibited  in  the  Salon  from  1S75  ""t'^  1880.  In  the  latter  year  he  came  back  to  New 
York  and  opened  a  studio  there.  After  that  he  traveled  in  P>gypt,  and  spent  the  summer  of  1886  in  Eng- 
land. In  1889  he  received  a  Salon  medal  at  Paris.  In  1890  Mr.  Blashfield  revisited  Egypt  and  made  a  sec- 
ond journey  up  the  Nile.  He  was  one  of  the  artists  selected  to  decorate  the  World's  Fair  Building  at  Chi- 
cago, and  was  recalled  from  Paris  for  that  purpose.  His  latest  works  include  two  of  his  most  important  pro- 
ductions; they  are  oil  paintings,  "  The  Angel  with  the  Flaming  Sword  "  and  "  Ringing  the  Christmas  Bells." 

In  the  person  of  Mauritz  Frederick  Hendrick  De  Haas,  Brooklyn  possesses  one  of  the  most  suc- 
cessful marine  painters  of  this  or  any  other  era  in  the  history  of  art.  He  was  born  in  Rotterdam,  on 
December  12,  1832,  and  studied  painting  under  Spoel,  Bosboom  and  Louis  Meyer.  He  sketched  for  a  time 
along  the  coasts  of  his  native  Holland  and  in  England,  and  in  1851  took  up  the  study  of  water  color  paint- 
ing in  London.  He  settled  in  1858  in  New  York.  He  was  elected  an  A.  N.  A.  in  1863,  and  an  N.  A.  in 
1867.     His  chief  works  embrace  a  variety  of  marine  and  coast  views,  including  "Admiral  Farragut's  Fleet 

passing  New  Orleans,"  "  Sunset  at  Sea,"  "  Moonlight  at  Sea,"  "  Sunrise  in  a  Fog — near  Newport, Propical 

Sunset  at  Sea,"  "Shipwreck,"  and  "Off  Marblehead." 

Among  the  younger  artists  whose  labors  have  closely  identified  them  with  this  city,  Warren  Sheppard 
has  earned  a  comparatively  wide  reputation.  His  earlier  work  exhibited  a  marked  inclination  towards  the 
school  of  Martin  Rico,  under  whom  at  one  time  Mr.  Sheppard  desired  to  study  ;  latterly  he  has  encouraged 
a  tendency  in  the  direction  of  marine  painting.  Mr.  Sheppard  was  born  in  New  Jersey  in  April,  1858,  but 
has  lived  in  Brooklyn  since  the  age  of  fifteen.  He  learned  drawing  and  perspective  in  the  Cooper  Institute 
in  New  York,  and  taught  himself  the  principles  of  coloring  by  studying  directly  from  nature.  Mr.  Shep- 
pard has  been  abroad  three  times  and  has  studied  both  in  Venice  and  Paris.  He  has  exhibited  in  London. 
Among  his  more  notable  works  are:  "The  Restless  Sea,"  which  will  figure  in  the  galleries  at  the  World's 
Fair,  "The  Golden  Palace,"  "A  Canal  in  Venice,"  and  "Santa  Maria  della  Salute."  Mr.  Sheppard's  studio 
is  in  his  residence  at  426  Ninth  street. 

William  Hamilt(jn  Gibson,  a  life-long  Brooklynite,  is  a  painter  whose  work  is  an  essential  feature  of 
every  collection  of  American  paintings;  though  he  is  perhaps  best  known  to  the  extensive  public  that  observes 
the  work  of  a  successful  illustrator  of  the  popular  magazines,  and  wherever  Harper  s  Magazine  goes  his 
work  is  a  familiar  and  welcome  feature.  Original  investigation  of  nature  has  given  him  subjects  that  have 
more  than  a  pictorial  interest,  and  while  his  rendering  of  them  is  exquisite  in  art  and  poetic  in  feeling,  his 
accuracy  as  a  naturalist  lends  an  added  element  of  interest.  His  father,  the  late  E.  T.  H.  Gibson,  was  a 
prominent  Brooklynite,  and  the  son  was  born  at  the  country  home  in  Sandy  Hook,  Conn.,  in  1850.  He  was 
educated  at  the  Brooklyn  Polytechnic  and  the  famous  "  Gunnery  "  school  in  Washington,  Conn.  Artistic 
from  youth,  he  began  to  paint  in  water  colors  in  boyhood,  and  has  been  entirely  self-taught  in  his  calling. 
He  has  had  so  good  a  teacher  that  his  technical  skill  is  remarkable,  while  his  freedom  from  the  traditions 
of  the  schools  has  resulted  in  a  style  that  is  thoroughly  original,  but  without  a  trace  of  eccentricity.  He 
now  devotes  most  of  his  time  to  water  color  work  in  which  he  has  been  a  favorite  exhibitor  for  many  years  ; 
but  he  works  also  in  oil,  pastel,  gouache,  crayon,  pencil,  smoke  and  charcoal.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Water  Color  Society,  the  Brooklyn  Art  Club,  the  Salmagundi  and  the  Century  Club,  of  New  York.  His 
residence  in  Brooklyn  is  on  Lincoln  place,  and  he  has  recently  completed  a  handsome  house  on  the  hills  of 
Washington,  Conn.,  where  for  many  years  he  has  made  his  summer  home. 

Though  living  and  working  in  New  York  SrANLEV  Middleton  is  a  Brooklynite  by  birth  and  education. 
He  was  born  in  1854.  He  studied  in  New  York  under  A.  C.  Howland,  and  when  twenty  years  old  crossed 
the  ocean  to  still  further  cultivate  his  artistic  predilections.  He  spent  more  than  four  years  in  Paris,  and 
then  returned  to  this  country,  where  he  remained  about  the  same  length  of  time  ;  he  then  revisited  Paris 
and  studied  there  five  years.     During  all  the  years  which  he  spent  in  the  French  capital,  he  studied  under 


LITERATURE    AND    THE    FINE   ARTS. 


78s 


such  masters  as  Jaquesson,  De  La  Chevreuse,  Dagnau-Bonveret,  Harpigne  and  Benjamin  Constant.  He 
returned  to  America  five  years  ago,  and  occupies  a  studio  in  tlie  Siierwell  building  on  West  sytli  street. 
He  devotes  liimself  almost  exclusively  to  figure  and  portrait  painting,  and  in  these  lines  has  won  merited 
recognition.  His  ideal  head  of  "Rosalind"  is  the  example  selected  to  illustrate  the  account  of  Mr.  Henry 
T.  Cox's  collection,  on  a  later  page  in  this  volume.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Salmagundi  Club.  i- 

J.  Carter  Bearu  made  his  entree  into  the  artistic  circles  of  New  York  in  1865,  and  since  that  time  has 
become  very  widely  known  as  one  of  the  leading  illustrators  of  the  day.  He  has  also  done  a  great  deal 
towards  illustrating  the  school  books  of  the  present  generation  and,  until  a  few  years  ago,  was  a  contributor 
to  the  water  color  exhibitions  in  New  York.  Mr.  Beard  was  born  in  Cincinnati  on  June  6,  1837  ;  he  was 
educated  at  Miami  University  in  his  native  state,  where  he  was  a  fellow  member  in  the  Delta  Kappa 
Epsilon  Society  with  Whitelaw  Reid.  He  studied  law  under  the  late  Rutherford  B.  Hayes,  but  after  being 
admitted  to  the  bar  he  abandoned  his  prospects  as  a  lawyer  and  entered  upon  the  study  of  art. 

Joseph  A.  De  La  Harpe  is  a  scenic  artist,  who  was  born  at  Lausanne,  Switzerland,  on  June  i,  1850, 
two  months  after  the  death  of  his  father,  an  officer  under  the  Russian  government.  His  mother  was  a  lady 
of  much  literary  ability  and  was  an  aquarelle  artist  of  excellent  merit.  When  her  son  was  seven  years  old 
she  came  to  America,  being  an  invalid,  and  having  vainly  sought  relief  at  the  various  curative  resorts  of 
Europe,  upon  medical  advice  she  visited  the  hot  sulphur  springs  near  Salt  Lake  City,  the  result  of  which 
was  her  complete  restoration.  She  made  her  home  in  Salt  Lake  City  and  remained  there  until  her  death, 
about  fifteen  years  ago.  Mr.  De  La  Harpe  made  frequent  sketching  tours  to  the  wilds  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains, where  he  often  remained  for  months  at  a  time,  becoming  thoroughly  acquainted  with  an  extensive 
region.  He  served  as  a  guide  to  several  surveying,  mining  and  geohjgical  parties,  and  he  assisted  in  the 
survey  on  the  wildest  and  roughest  part  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railway  in  the  Weber  and  Echo  caiions  on 
Brigham  Young's  contract.  As  guide  to  a  party  sent  out  to  secure  Indian  relics,  mineralogical  specimens 
and  other  articles  for  the  Salt  Lake  Museum,  he  led  it  through  the  "  three  valleys  " — Salt  Lake,  Tooele  and 
Skull  valleys — into  the  Wasatch  range  of  the  Rockies.  He  remained  in  Utah  until  he  was  twenty-one 
years  old,  his  last  employment  there  being  with  Brigham  Young,  who  engaged  him  first  to  sketch  and 
paint,  from  caged  specimens,  the  wild  animals  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  region.  These  pictures  were  for 
the  Salt  Lake  Museum,  but  several  of  them  are  now  in  the  Smithsonian  Institute  at  Washington.  Mr. 
De  La  Harpe  took  up  scene  painting  at  Mr.  Young's  suggestion,  and  was  placed  in  the  Salt  Lake  Theatre, 
of  which  the  Mormon  president  was  the  proprietor.  He  distinguished  himself  as  a  portrait  painter  also,  and 
among  his  works  were  portraits  of  such  dignitaries  in  the  Mormon  Church  as  Brigham  Young,  Heber  C.  Kim- 
ball, who  was  Young's  first  councillor;  Daniel  H.  Wells,  mayor  of  Salt  Lake  City  and  lieutenant-general  of  the 

"  Nauvoo  I^egion  "  or  Mormon  militia,  and  others.  He 
also  painted  portraits  of  Joseph  and  Hiram  Smith,  the 
founders  of  the  Mormon  sect,  from  ambrotype  like- 
nesses, by  the  aid  of  such  descriptive  information  as 
he  could  gather.  Ambition  led  him  to  turn  his  face 
eastward,  and  after  short  sojourns  in  several  western 
cities  he  reached  New  York  and  entered  upon  an  en- 
gagement with  Augustin  Daly,  who  was  about  to  pro- 
duce a  dramatization  of  Mark  Twain's  "  Roughing  It  " 
and  other  plays  dealing  with  life  in  the  far  west,  the 
scenery  for  which  was  of  course  extremely  familiar  to 
Mr.  De  La  Harpe.  Afterwards  he  was  engaged  at 
Booth's  Theatre,  at  the  corner  of  Twenty-third  street 
and  Sixth  avenue,  and  he  has  produced  scenery  for 
nearly  every  first-class  theatre  in  New  York  city.  In 
1876  he  became  a  resident  of  Brooklyn  and  painted 
for  Hooley's  Theatre,  the  Brooklyn  Theatre,  Hyde  & 
])ehman's,  the  Academy  of  Music,  the  Grand  Opera 
House  and  others.  He  designed  Hyde  &  Behman's 
Theatre  and  superintended  its  construction,  and  at  this 
writing  is  engaged  in  painting  a  drop  curtain  and  the 
scenery  for  that  firm's  new  house  in  Williamsburgh. 
He  has  painted  scenery  in  forty-seven  theatres,  of 
which  twenty-four  are  in  Brooklyn  and  New  York. 
He  also  made  the  architectural  designs  and  plans  for 
the  buildings  of  the  Brooklyn  Jockey  Club.  Mr.  De 
La  Harpe  married  Miss  May  Valentine  in  1874. 


JOSEPH  A.  De  La  Hakpe. 


786  THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


AMATEUR   PHOTOGRAPHY. 

The  histor)'  of  amateur  photography  in  this  city  is  a  story  of  rapid  development  from  the  smallest  pos- 
sible origin.  Twelve  years  ago  there  was  no  regular  organization  of  amateurs  in  Brooklyn  ;  to-day  there 
ai<e  two  large  and  influential  associations,  which  have  exerted  more  or  less  influence  in  the  advancement  of 
the  science.  When  the  Brooklyn  Academy  of  Photography  was  established  in  1887,  a  dozen  amateur  photo- 
graphers were  collected  with  the  greatest  difficulty  for  the  purpose  of  organization.  Prior  to  that  time  the 
late  George  B.  Brainerd,  at  one  time  deputy  water  purveyor  of  Brooklyn,  was  regarded  as  the  pioneer  of 
amateur  photography  in  this  city  and  on  Long  Island;  his  work  was  admirable  and  unique;  his  methods 
were  many  of  them  original,  and  he  designed  a  hand  camera,  which  has  since  been  generally  used  by  ama- 
teurs in  this  city  and  elsewhere,  and  was  perhaps  the  first  magazine  camera  ever  in  e.xistence.  Other 
important  contributions  to  photography,  which  have  been  made  by  Brooklyn  amateurs,  are  a  method  of 
determining  the  speed  of  the  shutter  and  a  method  of  photographing  luminous  objects,  both  of  which 
resulted  from  exhaustive  research  by  Dr.  Wallace  Goold  Levison;  Dr.  French  of  this  city  utilized  photo- 
graphy to  reproduce  the  action  of  the  vocal  chords,  and  many  of  our  local  amateurs  have  attained  the 
highest  possible  perfection  in  the  mechanical  and  artistic  details  of  their  art.  It  is  generally  conceded  that 
cameras  in  the  hands  of  Brooklyn  men  have  produced  some  of  the  best  results  achieved  in  the  United 
States  during  the  last  decade  by  amateurs  or  professionals. 

The  Brooklyn  Academy  of  Photography  was  organized  and  incorporated  in  February,  1887,  with 
a  dozen  charter  members;  they  were  :  Wallace  Goold  Levison,  president  ;  Frank  La  Manna,  first  vice-presi- 
dent ;  James  L.  Cornell,  second  vice-president  ;  Willis  Dodge,  corresponding  secretary;  Adrian  V.  Mar- 
tense,  recording  secretary  ;  George  B.  Brainerd,  treasurer  ;  C.  G.  Levison,  Gonzalo  Poey,  John  Merritt, 
M.  D.,  John  Lefferts,  Jr.,  Charles  H.  Carter  and  William  T.  Wintringham.  All  these  twelve  constituted 
a  board  of  trustees.  The  avowed  object  of  the  academy  as  announced  in  its  first  printed  prospectus  was 
the  "  advancement  of  photography  in  its  scientific,  historical,  art  and  technical  applications."  This  state- 
ment permitted  great  latitude  of  interpretation.  At  first  the  meetings  of  the  academy  were  held  in  mem- 
bers' houses  at  irregular  intervals;  then  came  an  offer  from  Dr.  Hoagland  of  rooms  in  the  Hoagland 
Laboratory  on  Henry  street.  The  offer  was  accepted,  and  the  first  meeting  was  held  in  the  new  quarters 
in  January,  1889.  Apartments  were  afterwards  obtained  at  517  Fulton  street,  and,  after  remaining  there 
a  year,  the  academy  moved  to  its  present  rooms  at  177  Montague  street.  Here  they  are  supplied  with  the 
best  developing  facilities,  electric  lights,  and  all  photographic  conveniences.  Weekly  meetings  are  held  for 
the  discussion  of  technical  subjects.  The  academy  is  in  close  touch  with  foreign  photographic  societies, 
and  Frank  La  Manna,  its  late  president  and  one  of  the  most  enthusiastic  and  expert  among  its  members, 
is  councillor  of  the  International  Photographic  Union  of  Paris.  The  academy  has  preserved  complete 
records  of  many  interestmg  occurrences,  including  the  great  blizzard  of  t888,  the  Washington  centennial 
of  1889  and  the  Columbian  celebration  of  1892.  The  official  "History  of  the  Centennial  Celebration"  of 
1889  contains  twenty-six  illustrations  taken  from  negatives  made  by  the  members  of  the  academy.  This 
number  was  nearly  one-half  of  all  the  illustrations  in  the  book,  the  balance  being  mostly  reproductions  of 
old  engravings.  The  valuable  contributions  of  the  academy  to  the  illustrations  of  this  volume,  from  the 
negatives  taken  by  the  late  George  B.  Brainerd  twenty  years  ago  of  historic  landmarks  in  and  around  Brook- 
lyn, are  fully  credited  elsewhere.  The  academy  belongs  to  the  American  League  of  Amateur  Photograph- 
ers and  to  that  organization's  slide  interchange.  Its  active  membership  now  numbers  about  one  hun- 
dred, and  its  corresponding,  associate  and  honorary  members  aggregate  nearly  forty.  Its  officers  are : 
John  Merritt,  M.  D.,  president  ;  Harry  S.  Fowler,  corresponding  secretary  ;  William  T.  Wintringham, 
treasurer. 

The  Brooklyn  Society  of  Amateur  Photographers,  which  was  merged  in  the  Brooklyn  Academy 
of  Photography  in  August,  1891,  was  organized  by  a  few  enthusiasts,  among  whom  were  Allan  Ormsbee, 
Homer  Ladd,  George  R.  Sheldon  and  H.  P.'Sewell,  on  March  22,1889.  Mr.  Ormsbee  was  the  society's  first 
president,  and  his  successors  in  office  were  C.  M.  Trowbridge  and  Homer  Ladd.  Meetings  were  first  held 
at  members'  houses,  and,  within  a  short  time  after  the  date  of  organization,  rooms  were  secured  in  a  build- 
ing at  412  Jay  street.  These  premises  were  abandoned  in  1890,  and  the  meetings  were  again  held  at 
private  houses.  The  society  held  several  creditable  print  exhibitions,  and  accomplished  a  great  deal  of 
excellent  work,  both  as  an  organization  and  through  the  efforts  of  individual  members.  At  the  time  of  its 
absorption  by  the  academy  the  society  had  thirty-two  members. 

The  Department  of  Photography  of  the  Brooklyn  Institute  was  organized  with  thirty-four 
members  on  March  26,  1889.  Its  nucleus  had  existed  for  some  time  previous  as  the  Linden  Camera  Club, 
which  had  a  limited  membership,  and  met  at  the  residence  of  Alexander  Black,  on  Linden  street,  in  the 
Eastern  District.  To-day  the  department  has  a  membership  not  very  far  short  of  two  hundred.  At  first  the 
department  occupied  rooms  in  the  old  Institute  building  on  Washington  street,  but  after  that  structure  was 


LITERATURE    AND    THE    FINE   ARTS.  787 

gutted  by  fire  on  September  12,  1890,  it  found  a  home  at  201  Montague  street,  its  present  location.  Here 
its  suite  of  apartments  includes  a  studio  room  and  dark  and  enlarging  rooms.  The  department  gives  fre- 
quent exhibitions  and  lectures,  and  has  a  number  of  excursions  every  year  for  the  benefit  of  the  members. 
Alexander  Black  was  the  first  president  of  the  department.  The  present  officers  are  :  J.  Foster  Flagg, 
president ;  G.  W.  Wundram,  vice-president ;  Lewis  E.  Meeker,  M.  D.,  curator  ;  Gould  W.  Hart,  secretary  ; 
Miss  Anna  L.  Meeker,  corresponding  secretary ;  Pierre  L.  Le  Brun,  treasurer. 

PRIVATE  ART    COLLECTIONS. 


Of  the  higher  forms  of  recreation  the  patronage  of  art  and  the  passion  for  collecting  pictures  find 
many  devotees  among  the  residents  of  Brooklyn,  and  her  collectors  are  familiar  figures  at  all  the  great 
sales  and  are  well-known  in  the  studios  of  Europe  and  America.  Some  have  formed  general  collections, 
in  which  the  various  schools  of  art  are  represented  by  characteristic  examples  ;  some  have  sought  the 
masterpieces  of  distinct  schools  and  of  individual  painters  ;  some  have  made  it  their  pleasure  and  their 
pride  to  cover  their  walls  with  the  best  productions  of  American  artists,  and  all  have  done  something  for 
the  encouragement  of  home  art.  In  consequence  of  the  liberal  and  cultured  zeal  of  the  collectors  of 
Brooklyn,  the  city  has  many  creditable  collections  to  show,  some  of  which  are  of  the  first  rank,  in  the 
number,  the  quality  or  the  representative  character  of  the  treasures  they  have  accumulated. 

MR.  JOHN  T.  MARTIN'S  COLLECTION. 

In  John  T.  Martin's  gallery,  at  No.  28  Pierrepont  street,  is  an  important  collection  thoroughly  well 
displayed.  It  is  one  of  the  pioneer  collections  of  Brooklyn.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Martin  have  spent  a  portion  of 
each  year  in  Europe,  and  among  the  art  treasures  of  the  Old  World  they  found  much  refreshing  enjoyment 
and  gradually  developed  a  taste  for  the  works  of  the  great  painters  of  the  day.  Many  were  purchased 
during  their  trips  abroad,  from  the  artists  themselves  ;  others  were  obtained  on  the  breaking  up  of 
collections  in  this  country,  and  soon  the  walls  of  their  commodious  Brooklyn  house  were  crowded.  Then 
it  was  decided  to  build  a  picture  gallery.  This  was  completed  in  the  year  1876.  After  much  weeding 
out  and  many  additions,  much  of  it  due,  of  late  years,  to  the  refined  taste  and  excellent  judgment  of  Mrs. 
Martin,  the  owners  came  to  look  upon  it  as  a  fairly  complete  and  representative  collection,  and  in  this 
opinion  were  strengthened  by  the  judgment  of  those  who  came  to  visit  it,  as  its  reputation  spread  among 
the  art  lovers  of  the  country. 

This  collection  is  valuable  rather  in  its  comprehensive  representation  of  the  canvases  of  leading 
artists  than  of  any  one  period  or  school.  Indeed,  there  are  only  ten  cases  in  which  more  than  one  example 
of  the  same  artist  is  found,  and  these  may  be  attributed  to  the  unexpected  obtaining  of  a  rarer  example 
after  the  first  one  had  been  purchased.  As  a  consequence  there  are  three  of  Diaz,  three  of  Zimmerman, 
and  two  each  of  Breton,  Detaille,  Gauerman,  Knaus,  Lambinet,  Millet,  Meyer  von  Bremen,  Shayer,  Staigg, 
and  Troyon.  The  latter  represent  two  widely  different  periods  and  styles,  and  of  the  Detailles,  the 
later  one  was  a  commission  given  in  the  artist's  studio  in  1880.  The  catalogue  contains  nearly  one 
hundred  numbers,  and  its  representative  character  may  be  judged  from  the  following  names  :  Artz, 
Bargue,  Becker,  Bodenmuller,  Bonheur  (Rosa),  Bouguereau,  Boutibonne,  Breton,  Cabanel,  Charlemont, 
Benjamin  Constant,  Casado,  Casanova,  Chevilliard,  Chierici,  Corot,  Dalbono,  Daubigny,  Defregger, 
Denner,  De  Neuville,  Desgoffe,  Detaille,  Diaz,  Dupre,  Duverger,  Echtler,  Escosura,  Faustini,  Fichel, 
FVomentin,  Gauerman,  Gerome,  Girardet,  Gros,  Guillemin,  Gysis,  Hallberger,  Heck,  Herring,  Beaufain, 
Irving,  Jacque,  Jimenez,  Koekkoek,  Koken,  Klimsch,  Knaus,  Lambinet,  Landelle,  Lecompte,  Le  Roux, 
Madon,  Martin,  Max,  Meissonier,  Millet,  Meyer  von  Bremen,  Merle,  Mount,  Pascutti,  Pettenkofen,  Preyer, 
Read,  Robbe,  Rousseau,  Schutze,  Schutzenburger,  Schreyer,  Shayer,  Soyer,  Staigg,  Troyon,  Van  Marcke, 
Van  Mieris,  Verboeckhoven,  Vibert,  Vineau,  Von  Rhomberg,  Willems,  Zamacois,  Zimmerman. 

The  first  of  the  canvases  to  which  the  visitor  is  attracted  is  a  De  Neuville,  painted  to  order  in 
1873.  It  is  called  "  The  Siege  of  Gravelotte,"  and  depicts  a  dashing  charge  of  dragoons  upon  the  break- 
ing ranks  of  the  enemy.  It  is  full  of  spirited  action  and  color,  and  may  be  accepted  as  a  specimen  of 
this  artist's  best  work.  Opposite  to  it  is  a  pendant  picture  by  the  other  great  French  painter  of  soldier's 
life,  Detaille,  which  shows  "The  Return  from  a  Grand  Manoeuvre."  It  was  ordered  at  the  same  time  as 
the  De  Neuville  picture,  and  therefore  the  two  afford  an  excellent  opportunity  for  comparison  of  these  two 
celebrated  artists.  The  Detaille  only  suffers  from  it  in  the  scene  and  the  subject  itself  ;  the  action  is  neces- 
sarily less  spirited  ;  the  mind  reposes  on  it  instead  of  being  aroused  and  excited,  as  is  the  case  when  you 
stand  before  De  Neuville's  dragoons  and  are  thrilled  with  incident  after  incident  in  the  actual  battle.  Near 
by  is  the  Corot,  which  was  purchased  in  Paris  from  Goupil,  in  1884.     In  this  quiet  scene,  where  the  evening 


788 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


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"  The  Christening,"  bv  Ludwig  Knaus. 

sun  Steals  gently  over  a  hill,  flecking  the  branches  of  a  rugged  cedar  on  its  summit,  you  find  absolute 
repose.  It  is  one  of  the  largest  and  most  important  Corots  in  this  country,  and  many  noted  connoisseurs 
envy  its  possessor.  There  are  two  excellent  Bretons,  the  one  a  group  in  the  hay  field,  a  mother  with  baby 
at  breast  forming  the  centre  figure,  which  was  originally  in  the  collection  of  James  Matthews,  and  the 
other  a  peasant  girl  lying  on  the  bank  of  a  lily  pond,  and  called  "Meditation."  Between  the  soft  grays 
of  the  Corot,  with  its  highly  poetic  and  tender  feeling,  and  the  soft  and  suggestive  grass  greens  of  the 
Breton  last  mentioned,  is  a  little  gem  of  bright  color  which  was  painted  by  Meissonier  in  1867.  It  is 
called  "  The  Return  Home,"  and  is  a  gay  cavalier  in  scarlet  coat  and  scarlet  feather  in  his  drab  hat, 
full  of  life  and  sentient  expression.  Over  it  are  a  couple  of  Millets,  peasants  going  to  work  in  the 
gray  dawn,  the  beams  of  the  sun  coming  from  the  background  and  giving  the  delicate  touches  of  light 
and  dark  shadow  which  characterize  the  greater  portion  of  this  famous  artist's  work.  It  awakens  exactly 
the  same  sentiment  as  does  the  famous  "  Angelus,"  that  quiet  intro-reflective  mood  which,  like  the  most 
joyous  song  of  the  nightingale,  has  yet  a  tinge  of  sadness  in  it.  The  Daubigny  shows  Nature  in  a  less 
sombre  vein.  The  cares  of  the  day  are  over  ;  a  little  mirthful  jesting  and  subdued  laughter,  and  then 
to  sleep.  It  is  called  "  Evening  on  the  Seine,"  and  as  one  watches  the  shadows  flit  across  the  silvery 
face  of  the  stream  there  seems  to  come  the  distant  hum  and  gleam  of  lights  from  never  sleeping  Paris 
at  no  great  distance.  This  work  came  from  the  John  Wolfe  collection,  and  was  the  first  of  Daubigny's 
pictures  to  command  a  high  price  in  this  country.  Among  the  other  examples  of  the  1830  school  to  be 
found  in  this  gallery  its  rank  is  high.  The  price  paid  for  this  picture  was  only  $5,200,  but  at  that  time 
Daubignys  were  going  a-begging  at  from  $1,000  to  $3,000,  and  most  of  them  were  not  of  a  quality  to  com- 
pare with  the  one  purchased  by  Mr.  Martin.  After  the  high  price  paid  by  Mr.  Martin  on  his  own  judg- 
ment, many  others,  and  in  some  respects  better,  examples  of  this  artist's  work  were  sent  over.  They  are 
now  scattered  all  over  the  country,  but  Mr.  Martin  may  be  said  to  be  the  pioneer  in  their  introduction  here. 


LITERATURE    AND    THE    FINE    ARTS.  789 

There  are  some  connoisseurs  who  hold  that  the  jewel  of  Mr.  Martin's  collection  is  "  The  Christening," 
by  Ludwig  Knaus,  a  work  that  cost  Mr.  Martin  $50,000,  and  that  helped  t(j  set  the  standard  of  the  artist's 
reputation  for  the  future.  Knaus  was  of  the  Dusseldorf  school,  and  the  excellent  drawing,  full,  rich  color 
and  vigorous  realism  for  which  this  great  German  artist  is  famous,  are  further  exemplified  in  his  pictures  of 
"The  Herd  Boy,"  and  "A  Female  Head,"  also  to  be  found  in  this  collection.  The  latter  was  purchased 
from  the  studio  of  the  artist  in  Berlin.  Another  work  which  these  art  lovers  took  direct  from  the  easel 
at  Munich  is  "  The  Spirit  Hand,"  by  Gabriel  Ma.x,  which  depicts  a  young  woman  in  mourning  robes,  with 
sad  eyes  and  tear-stained  cheeks  to  whom  a  shadowy  hand  is  held  out  in  consoling  sympathy.  It  is  a 
strong  picture  with  a  sad  motive.  Another  picture  calculated  to  raise  sombre  thought  is  one  by  Merle, 
called  "The  Inconsolable."  It  is  a  group  of  peasant  children,  open  eyed  and  breathless,  by  an  old  well, 
on  the  frame  of  which  sits  a  weary  gypsy  mother,  bending  tenderly  and  dry  eyed  over  her  dead  baby.  Turn 
from  these  to  gayer  scenes,  first  among  which  is  a  splendid  Carl  Becker,  called  "  The  Welcome  Guests." 
The  costumes  are  of  that  graceful  Venetian  moyeii  age  which  this  painter  affects,  and  the  scene  is  laid  on  the 
terrace  of  a  noble  villa  in  the  country,  near  Venice.  Near  by  is  another  picture  which  tells  a  whole  story. 
It  was  painted  to  order  by  Hector  Le  Roux  and  is  called  "  Aurelia  and  Pomponia."  These  were  the  names  of 
two  vestal  virgins  condemned  to  death  during  the  reign  of  Caracalla.  In  a  large  hall  the  vestals  are  assem- 
bled. Two  empty  chairs  in  the  first  row  bear  the  names  of  the  condemned.  The  Superior,  with  her  sur- 
rounding attendants,  form  the  High  Tribunal.  The  High  Priest  is  reading  the  sentence  to  the  trembling 
girls  who  are  doomed  ;  the  faces  of  the  other  virgins  are  filled  with  pity  and  horror.  It  is  a  powerful  con- 
ception, and  masterly  carried  out. 

There  is  a  picture  by  Pettenkofer  which  commands  instant  attention,  and  has  been  very  highly  spoken 
of.  The  title  is  "  Pendant  le  Duel,"  and  the  atmospheric  effects  seem  the  more  wonderful  the  more  it 
is  looked  into.  The  figures  are  full  of  life  ;  even  the  horses  seem  to  have  a  glimmering  idea  that  a  tragedy 
is  being  enacted.  But  the  chief  charm  is  in  the  perspective,  and  the  clever  manner  in  which  the  fleeting 
mood  of  nature  in  a  frosty  dawn  is  captured.  The  old  woman's  head  by  Denner  is  a  speaking  likeness, 
executed  with  that  microscopic  accuracy  and  infinite  elaboration  of  detail  which  made  him  famous  at  the 
age  of  twenty-four.  For  a  similar  accuracy  of  drawing,  but  more  forceful  in  execution  and  color,  "  The 
Sentinel,"  by  Bargue,  is  also  noteworthy.  It  was  purchased  at  the  Morgan  sale,  and  is  thought  to  be  one 
of  the  best  examples  of  the  artist  in  this  country. 

Among  other  gems  of  this  collection  is  a  magnificent  Van  Marcke,  painted  at  the  epoch  after  he  turned 
from  landscape  to  the  portrayal  of  cattle.  The  canvas  was  finished  to  order  in  1878,  the  year  in  which 
the  artist  was  awarded  the  first-class  medal  by  the  Paris  salon.  There  are  also  two  excellent  examples  of 
Troyon,  of  whom  Van  Marcke  was  a  pupil,  and  a  notable  canvas  by  Rousseau  called  "  Les  Bucherounes." 
This  is  a  superb  illustration  of  the  close  of  an  autumn  day.  Rosa  Bonheur's  landscape,  with  sheep  and  cattle, 
is  from  the  collection  of  the  late  W.  Tilden  Blodgett,  and  is  well-known.  Mr.  Blodgett  was  one  of  the  con- 
noisseurs sent  to  Europe  to  represent  the  Metropolitan  Museum  and  purchase  notable  works  for  it. 

The  works  of  Diaz  are  much  admired  by  Mr.  Martin,  and  the  three  canvases  bearing  his  name  are 
among  his  best.  The  "  Scene  of  the  Forest  of  Fontainebleau  "  is  from  the  collection  of  the  banker  Oppen- 
heim,  of  Paris;  "The  Bathers"  is  full  of  soft,  dreamy  sentiment,  and  "Venus  and  Adonis"  is  as  pure  in 
drawing  as  faultless  in  color. 

For  a  picture  full  of  vivid  coloring  Casado's  "  Interior  of  Goya's  Studio  "  is  an  excellent  example.  It 
represents  the  artist  Goya  at  work  upon  the  portrait  of  the  beautiful  Duchess  of  Alba,  and  the  proud 
model,  in  lovely  costume,  reclines  gracefully  upon  a  divan,  while  at  her  feet  and  toward  the  left  of  the 
cabinet  are  a  group  of  noblemen  in  gay  apparel  apparently  passing  the  time  over  a  collection  of  engravings 
or  in  contemplating  the  beauty  of  their  aristocratic  mistress.  Defregger  is  represented  by  a  large  canvas 
called  "Italian  Beggar  Singers,"  which  has  much  merit,  and  the  three  figure  paintings  by  Zimmerman 
cannot  be  passed  by  without  a  note  of  admiration  by  those  interested  in  skillful  characterization. 

Of  more  than  passing  interest  among  these  great  artists  is  T.  Buchanan  Read's  "Sheridan's  Ride."  It 
is  of  interest,  because  several  replicas  were  made  of  it  at  a  time  when  the  subject  was  one  of  much  verse 
and  many  newspaper  articles,  and  there  arose  quite  a  contention  among  art  collectors  as  to  which  one 
possessed  the  original  picture.  The  one  in  Mr.  Martin's  gallery  is  certified  by  the  artist  himself,  which 
ought  to  end  the  discussion. 

Of  the  statuary,  the  large  piece  in  an  alcove,  "Cleopatra  Before  Cresar,"  was  executed  to  order  by 
Lucardi,  of  Rome,  in  1873.  "  Michael  Angelo's  First  Effort,"  shows  the  great  sculptor  as  a  youth  chiseling 
away  at  the  head  of  a  fawn.  It  is  by  Zocci,  of  Florence.  There  is  an  "  II  Penseroso  "  and  an  "  Undine," 
by  Mozier,  a  "Proserpine"  and  "Head  of  Greek  Slave,"  by  Powers,  and  other  marbles,  including  a  bust  of 
Mr.  Martin,  by  AVagmuller,  of  Munich.  In  the  library  there  is  also  an  excellent  portrait  of  Mr.  Martin, 
painted  by  Benjamin  Constant,  and  Mrs.  Martin  has  a  large  and  important  collection  of  fans,  of  every  age 
and  clime,  and  her  tiny  cabinets  of  rare  porcelains  are  of  exceptional  beauty  and  value. 


ytjo  THE    EAGLE   AND    BROOKLYN. 

THE  LATE  DAVID  C.  LYALL'S  COLLECTION. 

Brooklyn  has  recently  lost  two  important  collections,  and  even  before  the  death  of  Mr.  David  C. 
Lyall,  in  the  summer  of  1892,  the  loss  of  his  collection  also  was  a  settled  fact,  as  he  had  intended  remov- 
ing it  to  the  new  house  he  had  built  in  New  York.  It  is  worthy  of  record,  however,  and  of  a  prominent 
place  in  Brooklyn's  history,  for  in  beautiful  works  by  the  best  masters  it  is  both  rich  and  rare.  As  in  several 
other  Brooklyn  collections,  the  works  of  the  Barbizon  school  cut  an  important  figure.  Of  these  Mr.  Lyall 
had  three  of  Millet,  three  of  Corot,  three  of  Rousseau,  four  of  Daubigny,  four  of  Jules  Dupre,  two  of  Diaz, 
two  of  Jacque  ;  while  Troyon,  Delacroix  and  Courbet  also  are  represented.  It  only  needed  a  Decamps  to 
fill  the  lists  of  the  Barbizon  men,  and  make  this  one  of  the  finest  representative  collections  of  that  school  in 
thi=  country  ;  for  of  these  twenty-five  canvases,  nearly  every  one  ranks  high,  and  a  large  majority  of  them 
are  masterpieces.  Of  the  Millets,  "La  Naissance  du  Veau  "  is  perhaps  the  best  known.  It  is  one  of  the 
studies  of  peasant  life  that  he  so  loved  to  portray.  It  was  a  salon  picture  of  1864.  It  was  among  the  most 
important  of  the  works  of  this  artist  shown  at  the  e.Khibition  of  his  paintings  by  the  American  Art  Associa- 
tion several  years  ago.  The  three  Corots  are  of  almost  equal  merit,  but  "  Le  Bouleau"  is  esteemed  to  be 
the  most  important  work  of  the  three.  It  is  characterized  by  the  simplicity  of  manner  and  the  subdued 
harmonies  which  mark  about  the  middle  period  of  this  artist's  many  works.  Of  the  three  superb  Rousseaus, 
one  is  of  a  peasant  plowing  on  a  moist  morning  ;  the  horse  pants  as  he  trudges  through  the  loamy  soil,  and 
his  heavy  breath  mingles  with  the  mist.  Other  figures  at  work  are  dimly  shown  in  the  background. 
Equally  realistic  is  another  scene  depicting  huge  rocks  and  wide-spreading  oaks  in  autumn  foliage,  near 
the  shade  of  which  cattle  are  browsing  in  the  soft  sunshine,  which  is  contrasted  with  the  purple  woods 
closing  in  the  background.      The  Daubigny  landscapes  are  all  superb  examples. 

The  Dupres  offer  striking  contrasts  of  the  versatility  of  his  great  genius  as  a  close  student  of  nature  in 
all  her  moods— from  a  misty  dawn,  out  of  which  looms  up  a  huge  oak,  while  beyond  are  seen  the  farm  build- 
ings with  just  a  suggestion  of  renewed  life  about  them,  to  a  soft  summer  sky  beaming  on  luxuriant 
vegetation,  and  an  evening  scene  with  rippled  water  and  wind-blown  clouds.  Diaz,  who  in  early  life  labored 
with  Dupre  as  a  journeyman  painter  on  porcelain,  has  in  this  collection  an  important  canvas  which  may  be 
accepted  as  an  illustration  of  the  vitality  of  that  joyous  nature  which  supported  him  through  the  afflictions 
of  a  laborious  youth  and  the  privations  of  a  neglected  early  manhood.  It  is  a  fanciful  conceit  of  nymphs 
and  cupids,  and  is  splendid  in  both  modeling  and  color.  One  of  the  Jacques,  a  landscape  with  sheep,  is 
masterly  in  treatment.  These  lead  us  to  the  large  and  important  Troyon.  It  is  universally  considered  that 
this  painting  surpasses  in  excellence  any  of  his  other  works.  It  is  a  cattle  piece,  more  splendid  in  spirit  and 
more  powerful  in  color,  vivid  realism,  and  quiet  naturalness  than  the  one  with  which  this  great  artist  aston- 
ished the  French  salon  in  1847,  after  his  close  study  of  the  old  Dutch  masters.  It  was  purchased  at  the  sale 
of  the  Stewart  collection.  The  canvas  by  Eugene  Delacroix  is  the  well-known  one  called  "  L'enlevement 
de  Rebecca,"  which  in  splendid  color  portrays  a  powerful  incident  from  Scott's  Ivanhoe.  Every  detail  of 
the  picture  is  full  of  spirited  action  and  glowing  color.  Another  great  picture  is  the  Jules  Breton,  "  La  Fin 
du  Travail,"  which  was  painted  to  order  in  1887  and  declared  by  the  artist  himself  to  be  his  masterpiece. 
Of  the  marked  originality  and  bold  personal  style  of  Courbet  there  is  a  powerful  example.  A  ra\'ine 
winds  through  the  middle,  shut  in  by  bold  rocky  precipices,  whose  summits  are  crowned  with  dark  foliage. 
It  is  nature  in  her  milder  haunts  and  sterner  moods.  A  canvas  three  by  five  feet  represents  the  last 
work  done  by  De  Neuville,  "Cutting  the  Telegraph  Wires" — an  episode  of  the  Franco-Prussian  War,  the 
entrance  of  the  French  into  the  town  of  Etretat.  What  makes  this  important  picture  the  more  interesting 
is  the  fact  that  the  officers  in  the  foreground  are  all  portraits,  and  in  Mr.  Lyall's  possession  is  an  auto- 
graph letter  from  the  artist  describing  the  incident  and  giving  names  of  the  participants.  There  is 
another  stirring  military  piece  called  "Prise  d'une  Batterie,"  an  incident  of  the  Crimean  War,  also  a  com- 
mission picture.  This  is  by  Paul  Alexander  Protais,  whose  "Before  and  after  Combat"  is  so  famous. 
Among  other  canvases  painted  to  order  are  two  charming  landscapes  by  Leon  Pelouse,  and  two  dainty 
water  colors  by  Maurice  Leloir,  of  whom  there  is  also  a  good  example  in  oil  ;  "  Le  Voix  Celeste,"  by 
Hebert,  an  important  work  ;  one  of  Bonnat's  "  La  Cruche  Cassee  "  pictures  a  pretty  Italian  girl  in  her 
tattered  dress  of  many  colors  in  distress  over  her  mishap  ;  a  first  class  example  of  Eugene  Isabey, 
"  Cardinal's  Blessings  ;  "  in  regard  to  all  of  which  space  prevents  an  adequate  description,  as  also  to  any 
particular  reference  to  the  excellent  examples  of  Pasini,  David  Johnson,  G.  Michel,  VoUon,  B.  W.  Leader 
(an  English  artist  who  received  his  first  American  commission  from  Mr.  Lyall),  F.  L.  Francais,  V.  Palmaroli, 
Lambinet,  G.  B.  O'Neil,  R.  A.,  Louis  Cabot,  August  Bonheur,  Bastien  Lepage,  Hector  Hanoteau,  Madon, 
Boldini,  Henner  (a  Magdalen),  Erskin-Nichol,  J.  L.  Gerome  ("  Ambulating  Arab  Merchant"),  R.  Brascassat, 
Fromentin  ("Souvenir  d'Algiers").  Cazin  has  a  picture  of  his  garden,  which  shows  his  poetic  brush,  and 
the  well-known  but  always  beautiful  "  Le  Printemps,"  by  Cot,  and  others.  There  are  a  number  of  excel- 
lent water  colors  in  Mr.  Lyall's  drawing-room,  notably  one  by  the  greatest  of  English  landscape  artists, 
J.  M.  W.  Turner ;  two  by  Birket  Foster,  one  by  David  Cox,  and  a  pastel  by  Millet. 


LITERATURE   AND   THE    FINE   ARTS. 


791 


'  Rosalind,"  by  Stanley  Middleton. 


MR.  HENRY  T.  COX'S  COLLECTION. 

Among  the  early  collectors  of  paintings  is  Henry  T.  Cox,  of  No.  236  Henry  street,  corner  of  Joralemon 
street.  His  little  gallery  extension  is  a  charming  nook  in  which  to  while  away  many  an  hour,  surrounded 
by  covetable  gems  and  pictures  of  the  highest  merit,  from  the  easels  of  such  eminent  artists  as  Cabanel, 
Gerome,  Van  Marcke,  Cazin,  Daubigny,  Schreyer,  Diaz,  George  H.  Boughton,  Jules  Dupre,  Bouguereau, 
Corot,  Henner,  Edouard  Frere,  Jacque,  Fromentin,  Jensen,  Rousseau,  Lerolle,  Delort,  Rico,  Vollon,  Worms, 
Meyer  Von  Bremen,  Koekkoek,  Meyerheim,  Jacomin,  Flamm,  Jordain,  J.  H.  Tracy,  Perrier,  S.  Middleton, 
Robie,  J.  Goubie,  Steinheil,  D.  Huntington,  De  Haas,  Voltz,  A.  Point,  Sir  David  AVilkie,  Induno,  Zuber, 
Buhler,  Adolph  Weisz,  L.  Munthe,  J.  Breling,  James  Ward  (of  London),  H.  Baron,  Munier,  G.  B.  O'Neil, 
Echtler,  E.  Ciceri,  Eugene  Feyen,  A.  Siegert,  Leon  Glaize  ;  and  water  colors  by  Schultz,  Maccari,  Louis 
Leloir,  De  Penne,  Colman,  Meyer  Von  Bremen,  Vibert,  Bright,  Detaille,  Boughton,  L.  C.  Tiffany  and 
others.  Corot,  Jacques,  Diaz,  Perrier,  Jules  Dupre  and  a  few  others  of  the  masters  are  represented  by  two 
and  in  a  few  instances  by  three  examples.  Mr.  Cox's  frequent  visits  to  Europe,  extending  over  a  period  of 
many  years,  have  afforded  him  good  opportunities  of  acquiring  relative  art  values  and  so  true  taste,  and 
his  selections  are  sufficient  proof  that  he  has  not  gone  into  single-minded  rapture  about  any  particular 
school  or  schools.  Most  of  his  paintings  have  been  purchased  direct  from  the  artist's  easel  or  have  been 
commissioned  ;  and  that  he  is  wholly  cosmopolitan  in  art  is  shown  by  the  names  on  the  corner  of  the 
canvases. 

Of  the  grandly  imaginative  work  by  Alex.  Cabanel,  called  "  The  Trysting  Place  of  Souls,"  the  great 
artist  said  he  got  the  inspiration  from  "A  Midsummer  Night's  Dream  ;  " 

"And  yonder  shines  Aurora's  harbinger, 
At  whose  approach  ghosts,  wandering  here  and  there, 
Troop  home  to  churchyards." 


7^2  THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 

He  has  represented  a  soul  that  has  been  called  back  to  earth  and  has  for  a  time  resumed  its  fleshly 
garb  to  hold  converse  once  more  with  those  it  loved  in  life.  There  are  two  Greek  figures,  the  girl  seated 
on  a  bank,  under  dark  overhanging  trees,  with  sad  eyes  gazing  on  vacancy  ;  trying  to  look  into  those  eyes 
a  youth,  a  lover,  who  an.xiously  pleads.  ^Dimly  discernible  in  the  distance  is  a  church  with  faint  light  in 
one  window.  The  filmy  drapery  of  the  girl,  the  melancholy  pose,  the  depth  of  gentle  grief  in  the  dark  moist 
eyes,  the  delicate  etheriality  of  the  whole  figure,  these  show  the  master  hand  in  a  conception  which  in  all  its 
details  is  in  powerful  sympathy  with  the  ideal  Master  Poet.  It  is  a  composition  truly  great.  But  the 
girl's  face  in  particular  is  fascinating  and  haunting.  One  might  well  exclaim  on  turning  away  from  it:  "I 
have  seen  a  soul." 

From  Gerome's  easel  Mr.  Cox  has  a  magnificent  example  of  this  great  artist.  It  is  a  life-size  portrait 
of  a  Bashi  Bazouk,  whose  soft,  smooth,  dark-brown  skin  is  contrasted  with  his  many  colored  turban,  and 
his  worn  satin  cloak — the  sheen  and  texture  of  which  is  marvelously  shown.  LeroUe's  picture  of  the 
"  Potato  Harvest "  in  its  composition  and  its  scheme  of  soft  misty  grays  might  easily  be  mistaken  for  a 
Millet.  Bouguereau's  "Child  of  the  Vintage,"  a  life-size  female  head  wreathed  in  vine  leaves,  is  as  fine 
an  example  of  his  great  technical  knowledge  and  masterly  skill  as  any  in  this  country.  The  Huntington, 
painted  many  years  ago  for  Mr.  Cox,  is  a  little  gem  in  portraiture,  finished  like  a  miniature  and  called 
"  Beatrice."  Another  excellent  ideal  head  is  that  of  "  Rosalind,"  by  Stanley  Middleton.  His  Van  Marcke 
is  an  unusual  example  by  that  excellent  artist,  representing  a  village  scene  with  two  fine  cows  in  the  fore- 
ground, followed  by  sheep  and  calves.  The  style  is  very  broad,  resembling  in  a  measure  that  of  his  master. 
Constant  Troyon  ;  there  is  strong  and  beautiful  effect  in  the  thatched  cottages  by  the  roadside  and  the 
cloudy  sky  ;  the  cows  are  admirably  treated. 

Of  the  so-called  "  School  of  1830,"  there  are  ten  choice  examples,  representing  six  artists  :  Daubigny, 
Corot,  Dupre,  Fromentin,  Diaz  and  Rousseau,  all  being  worthy  specimens.  The  Sir  David  Wilkie  is  his  well- 
known  "  Teaching  the  Blackbird  to  Whistle."  The  innkeeper  with  his  red  "  weskit  "  and  his  jug  and  his 
glass,  has  the  wicker  cage  on  the  table,  and  his  earnestness  as  a  teacher  is  such  that  even  when  you  look  at 
the  picture  your  lips  unconsciously  pucker.  The  examples  of  Perrier  show  a  chateau  in  Spain,  and  a 
charming  landscape  in  his  minutely  beautiful  style.  "  The  Widow's  Acre,"  by  George  H.  Boughton,  is 
a  scene  on  the  picturestiue  "  Isle  of  Wight  ;"  a  charming  landscape  with  figures  in  the  foreground  and 
fishermen's  cottages  in  the  distance. 

The  Charles  Jacques  are  three  in  number  ;  one  called  "  The  Coming  Storm,"  shows  cattle  standing  in 
the  water  craning  their  necks  in  the  direction  of  the  swiftly  moving  rain  clouds;  another  of  a  barnyard 
with  fowls,  in  his  inimitable  manner;  and  a  third,  landscape  and  sheep.  Schreyer  is  represented  by  two 
large  and  important  works.  "  In  Danger  "  is  the  title  of  one  ;  over  a  landscape  thinly  veiled  in  snow  comes 
a  sleigh,  with  a  single  horse.  The  driver  leans  forward,  madly  urging  him  on  ;  the  animal  rears  and  shrieks 
in  terror,  for  the  scent  of  the  wolves,  shown  in  the  corner  of  the  middle  foreground,  has  caught  its  nostrils. 
The  other  shows  Wallachian  teamsters,  hurrying  homeward  in  the  face  of  a  coming  storm.  From  Cazin 
there  is  a  very  important  example  called  "The  Last  Quarter  of  the  Moon,"  certainly  one  of  the  finest  ever 
produced  by  this  brilliant  artist;  the  whole  picture  swims  in  an  atmosphere  luminous  with  that  tender  mellow 
light  Cazin  throws  over  many  of  his  works  ;  it  stands  forth  a  gem  indeed.  Taking  Mr.  Cox's  collection  as  a 
whole,  it  is  most  carefully  and  judiciously  selected. 

Another  of  Mr.  Cox's  recreations  tends  in  the  direction  of  adding  extra  illustrations  to  books.  His 
house  is  filled  with  books,  all  rare  or  at  least  valuable  editions.  For  some  of  his  extended  books  he  has 
hunted  the  material  for  years  and  years.  Among  his  extra-illustrated  works,  he  feels  justly  proud  of  his 
"Horace  Walpole  and  his  World,"  Isaak  Walton's  "Angler,"  "Byron,"  "  Mary  Queen  of  Scots,"  "Life  of 
Stothard,"  and  others.     His  library  is  famous  among  the  book-lovers,  and  includes  more  than  4,000  volumes. 

MR.  HENRY  M.  JOHNSTON'S  COLLECTION. 

Henry  M.  Johnston  is  another  of  the  lirooklyn  collectors  who  at  the  beginning  of  his  career  as 
such  was  firmly  impressed  with  the  belief  that  the  men  of  1830  were  the  greatest  artists  of  the  century. 
He  began  the  accumulation  of  examples  of  their  works  fifteen  years  ago,  and  his  method  of  collection 
has  been  similar  to  that  of  Mr.  Walters,  of  Baltimore,  who,  in  his  lifetime,  has  owned  and  disposed  of 
more  works  of  art  than  any  man  in  this  country.  Mr.  Johnston  never  sells  a  picture,  but  if  a  better 
example  than  the  one  he  has  of  a  certain  artist  comes  into  the  market  he  makes  an  exchange  and  pays 
the  difference  ;  or  if  his  own  examples  are  too  good  to  be  parted  with,  he  buys  outright.  The  advantage 
of  such  a  method  is  that  it  enables  one  to  accumulate  and  discriminately  weed  out  at  the  same  time. 
But  although  Mr.  Johnston  has  proceeded  on  the  rule  of  obtaining  one  good  example  of  each  great  master, 
it  has  happened,  simply  because  of  the  excellence  of  his  first  purchases,  that  he  has  in  some  instances  more 
than  one.  Particularly  is  this  the  case  in  regard  to  the  works  of  the  men  of  Barbizon.  He  has,  for 
instance,  three  superb  Corots,  three  of   Diaz,  two  of  Delacroix,  three  of  Jacque,  three  of  Jules  Dupre; 


LITERATURE    AND    THE    FINE   ARTS. 


793 


and  of  Cazin,  who  has  blown  a  breath  of  new  life  into  the  landscape  art  of  France,  fallen,  as  it  was,  into 
a  stagnated  imitation  of  the  mannerisms  of  those  great  masters,  Mr.  Johnston  has  no  less  than  four 
important   canvases. 

There  are  about  eighty  first-class  pictures  in  this  collection,  and  in  addition  to  the  above  named  are 
examples  of  Rousseau,  Troyon,  Van  Marcke,  Daubigny,  Rosa  Bonheur,  Jules  Breton,  Isabey,  De  Neuville, 
Martin  Rico,  Clays,  Grison,  Michel,  Mettling,  Marilhat,  Lambinet,  Kaemmerer,  Becker,  Jalabert,  A.  Pasini, 
Monticelli,  Pelouse,  V.  Hugnet,  Claude  Monet,  Courbet,  J.  B.  Jongkind,  Vollon,  Zamacois,  Bouguereau, 
Robie,  Raybet,  Braith,  Desgoffe,  Vernet  Lecompte,  Smith-Hald,  Watelin  (son-in-law  and  pupil  of  Van 
Marcke),  Pierre  Outin,  Carl  Hoff,  Pierre  Mignard,  Guido  Reni,  and  choice  e.xamples  of  George  Inness,  David 
Johnson,  Arthur  Quartley,  J.  Francis  Murphy  and  Leonard  Ochtman.  When  the  careful  weeding-out 
process  which  Mr.  Johnston  has  carried  on  for  the  last  decade  is  borne  in  mind,  such  a  formidable  array 
of  famous  names  will  help  to  form  an  opinion  of  his  really  rare  and  valuable  collection  as  it  now  stands. 

Most  of  the  Corots  that  have  come  to  this  country  are  landscapes  simply,  painted  after  the  artist  had 
simplified  his  manner,  created  a  system  of  subdued  harmonies,  and  achieved  such  triumphs  over  the  prob- 
lems of  light  and  air  that  he  became  preeminent  as  the  poet-painter  of  the  evening  and  the  dawn.     Two  of 


"The  EMBARK.iTioN,"  BY  LOUIS  E.  G.  Isabey. 

Mr.  Johnston's  examples  are  of  this  period  and  show  the  delicacy  of  color  and  the  silvery  charm  under 
which  nature  smiles  upon  the  artist  soul  she  loves.  The  third  Corot,  called  "Tiger  Seeking  Prey,"  is  of  an 
earlier  period,  when  his  pictures  exhibited  greater  breadth,  strength,  and  more  vigorous  striving  after  color 
effects;  when  it  was  the  sublime  rather  than  the  gentler  moods  of  nature  which  appealed  to  him.  The 
effect  is  one  of  impressive  weirdness  and  the  picture  has  all  the  sublime  power  of  the  mythological  pictures 
Corot  painted  at  this  time.  Mr.  Johnston's  superb  Monticelli  is  six  feet  two  by  three  feet  four,  upright, 
and  its  blaze  of  color  would  illuminate  and  make  glorious  any  gallery  in  the  world.  The  Empress  Eugenie 
had  it  painted  to  order  for  one  of  her  political  friends.  It  was  a  gift  worthy  of  an  Empress,  and  it  is  only 
to  the  fall  of  the  Empire  and  the  stress  of  circumstances  which  led  to  the  ruin  of  the  noble  family  that 
owned  it  that  we  are  indebted  for  a  sight  of  it. 

There  is  one  of  the  largest  and  most  important  work  of  Bouguereau,  called  "  Art  and  Literature,"  an 
allegory  painted  in  1867,  for  the  library  of  the  late  J.  Stryker  Jenkins.  The  figures  of  the  two  women  are 
a  type  of  womanhood  idealized  and  made  sublime.  Jules  Dupre's  "  Oak  by  the  River  "  is  also  well-known. 
It  was  selected  for  exhibition  at  the  Barye  loan  collection  of  one  hundred  masterpieces.  It  was  then  in  com- 
petition, so  to  speak,  not  only  with  the  masterpieces  of  all  the  really  great  landscapes,  but  those  also  of  the 
same  artist.       There  were  several  very  superior  examples  of  his  brush  in  this  collection,  but  many  con- 


-„.  THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 

/  94 

noisseurs  held  that  for  certain  qualities  of  breadth  and  tone,  in  the  vastness  of  the  blue  empyrean,  in  the  far 
stretching  distances,  in  the  lovely  dark  green  shadowed  by  a  huge  oak,  on  the  edge  of  a  silvery,  weedy  pool, 
and  the  powerful  manner  in  which  the  sunlight,  instead  of  being  reflected  lives  and  vibrates  in  the  picture 
itself — this  was  a  masterpiece  among  the  masterpieces. 

There  is  a  masterly  Delacroix  "Tiger  and  Serpent,"  a  companion  picture  of  that  in  the  Seney  sale  from 
the  Secretan  collection,  and  of  the  same  date  and  quality.  A  large  snake  is  coiled  round  the  trunk  of  a 
cedar,  its  hissing  head  poised  and  pointing  to  a  Bengal  tiger  only  a  few  feet  away.  In  this  animal  all  the 
powerful  coloring  for  which  Delacroix  is  famous  is  boldly  shown,  and  nothing  so  supple,  so  cruel,  so  realis- 
tically ferocious  can  be  imagined  as  this  open-mouthed  beast.  You  cannot  look  at  it  without  an  apprehen- 
sion that  it  is  about  to  spring.  By  many  this  has  been  held  to  be  one  of  the  best  examples  of  Delacroix  in 
this  country.     The  other  Delacroix  is  called  "  The  Combat,"  and  is  a  stirring  scene  of  conflict  in  the  desert. 

Which  of  the  Jacques  to  select  for  mention  is  a  difficult  question.  He  has  a  charming  moonlight  scene 
which  strongly  reminds  you  of  the  "  Sheepfold,"  by  Millet  ;  but  there  is  a  greater  one  of  his,  larger  and 
more  filled  with  poetic  sentiment.  The  clouds  tell  you  that  a  storm  has  just  passed  over ;  the  sheep  are 
being  driven  back  to  the  pasture  ;  and  the  atmosphere  is  bright  yet  heavy  with  the  summer  rain.  You 
instinctively  feel  that  no  other  artist  could  paint  this  scene,  and  in  a  little  tell  so  much. 

From  Theodore  Rousseau's  brush  there  is  shown  a  small  picture  which  tells  you  much  more  of  him  than 
some  of  his  larger  works,  for  it  is  painted  in  loving  memory  of  the  birthplace  of  his  fame.  It  is  a  scene  in 
the  outskirts  of  Barbizon,  and  in  the  middle  distance  is  seen,  half  hidden  in  delicately  shaded  foliage,  the 
country  inn  where  the  great  artists  of  1830  met  nightly  and  compared  notes.  And  then  come  the  Cazins, 
landscapes  which  you  feel  that  you  could  walk  into,  the  ambient  air  so  cleverly  depicted  that  you  smell 
the  perfume  of  the  flowers  your  careless  feet  have  crushed.  One  of  them,  showing  a  thunder  storm,  will 
become  famous  in  after  years.  The  Rosa  Bonheur  was  painted  only  a  year  or  two  before  she  startled  the 
art  world  with  her  celebrated  "  Horse  Fair."  It  is  a  good  landscape,  and  the  cattle  show  the  closest  of 
observation  of  animal  life  and  the  artist's  wondrous  skill  in  depicting  it.  The  Jules  Breton  will  make  you 
pause  for  a  moment.  It  is  a  summer  day  scene  on  the  coast  of  Brittany,  great  as  a  landscape,  but  greater 
still  in  the  color  and  life  he  has  portrayed  in  the  girls  lounging  about  the  crags  or  washing  in  the  deep  cool 
basin  in  the  foreground.  Probably  you  will  never  see  a  prettier  bit  of  Holland  by  moonlight  than  is  shown 
by  Jongkind,  and  the  De  Neuville,  a  "Mounted  Sentry,"  is  one  of  those  bits  of  rare  coloring  which 
connoisseurs  seek  and  only  rarely  find. 

The  Isabey,  too,  is  a  glorious  piece  of  color  and  of  action.  It  is  called  "  The  Embarkation."  There  is 
the  royal  barge,  purply  and  gilt,  and  to  the  platform  below  the  jetty  are  hurrying  gaily  dressed  men  and 
women  of  the  fashion  of  Louis  XIV.  But  the  glory  of  the  picture  is  in  its  scheme  of  color  ;  the  stormy  sky 
and  the  angry  waves  dashing  against  the  slimy  timbers  of  the  old  wharf.  Felix  Ziem  is  represented  by 
"The  Quay  of  Marseilles,"  strongly  contrasted  both  in  color  and  treatment ;  and  by  its  side  is  one  of  the 
best  Venetian  scenes  Rico  has  painted.     The  Michel  is  one  of  his  largest  and  most  important  landscapes. 

The  latest,  and  perhaps  the  most  important,  addition  to  Mr.  Johnston's  collection  is  a  masterpiece  by 
Millet  called  "  The  Madman."  To  the  admirers  of  Millet  this  work  will  be  of  absorbing  interest,  as  it 
shows  him  in  a  new  phase.  The  picture  has  never  been  exhibited.  It  was  painted  for  Dr.  Sema,  an  old  per- 
sonal friend  of  Millet,  was  taken  direct  from  the  easel  as  soon  as  completed,  and  has  only  changed  hands 
once  since.  Mrs.  Johnston,  who  is  an  enthusiast  on  art,  has  draped  with  a  curtain  the  new  purchase  in 
which  she  takes  a  wholesome  pride,  and  when  this  is  withdrawn  the  first  feeling  is  one  of  horror,  as  the 
abnormally  staring  bloodshot  eyes  hold  and  fascinate  you.  This  feeling,  however,  soon  fades  and  in  its 
place  steals  one  of  supreme,  overwhelming  pity.  For  it  is  not  the  face  and  expression  of  a  maniac.  The 
gentle  timid  mouth  with  its  twitching  tremulous  lips  contradicts  this  ;  you  seek  the  eyes  again,  where  you 
find  no  ferocious  glare,  but  a  maelstrom  of  sad  thoughts  showing  through  a  veil  of  bitter  tears.  You  catch 
the  rising  sob  from  a  heart  as  full  of  sorrows  as  the  sea  of  sands,  and  say  with  Shakespeare  :  "  That  he  is 
mad,  'tis  true  ;  'tis  true,  'tis  pity  ;  and  pity  'tis  'tis  true."  The  scheme  of  coloring  gives  it  the  appearance 
of  a  Rembrandt,  and  the  allegorical  accessories  seem  to  indicate  that  the  artist  intended  to  paint  a  raving 
maniac,  but  that  his  innate  humanity  unconsciously  softened  it  into  a  striking  picture  of  a  man  whose 
reason  has  succumbed  beneath  an  avalanche  of  sorrow. 

Unfortunately  for  Brooklyn,  while  this  volume  is  in  press  Mr.  Johnston  is  offering  his  fine  collection 
for  sale. 

MR.  HENRY  T.  CHAPMAN,  JR.'S,  COLLECTION. 

Henry  T.  Chapman,  Jr.,  is  a  collector  in  the  best  sense  of  the  word.  He  has  delved  through 
mediocrity  in  search  of  the  gems  of  art  with  the  patient  persistence  of  the  Cape  miner  groping  for 
diamonds,  and,  like  the  latter,  has  discovered  them  in  the  most  unexpected  places.  All  his  life  the  collec- 
tion of  beautiful  things  has  been  his  hobby  and  his  pride.     He  was  one  of  the  first  private  collectors  of 


LITERATURE    AND    THE    FINE   ARTS. 


795 


this  country,  and  it  has  taken  him  thirty-five  years  to  gather  together  the  art  treasures  which  glorify  his 
Brooklyn  home  at  No.  340  Clinton  avenue,  and  have  given  his  collection  an  international  reputation. 

He  has  in  all  upwards  of  three  hundred  canvases,  perhaps  one-third  of  which  are  rare  old  masters. 
They  are  all  uncatalogued  and  unclassified,  and  the  visitors,  of  whom  there  are  many,  have  to  take  them  in 
at  random  as  they  strike  the  eye.  It  is  only  after  some  study  of  them  that  it  is  borne  in  upon  the  mind  that 
one  school  predominates,  and  it  is  the  many  superb  examples  of  this  school  which  makes  the  collection  so 
thoroughly  noteworthy.  These  are  known  throughout  the  art  world  as  "  The  Barbizons."  Mr.  Chapman 
was  one  of  the  first  to  recognize  the  greatness  of  these  original  geniuses  at  a  time  when  they  were  not 
accepted  as  prophets  in  their  native  land.  To  his  mind  "the  phalan.x  of  1830,"  as  it  is  called — the  noble 
little  army  of  which  was  composed  of  Rousseau,  Diaz,  Decamps,  Millet,  Dupr^,  Delacroix,  Daubigny,  Corot, 
Courbet,  Troyon,  and  Jacque — were  masters,  and  he  risked  his  prescience  on  the  greatness  of  their  works 
long  before  the  great  collectors  had  begun  to  bid  fortunes  for  their  names.  He  bought  what  he  could  of 
their  paintings,  and  he  urged  their  claims  on  others  when  his  means  did  not  permit  him  to  add  further  to  his 
own  store.  The  fruits  of  his  connoisseurship  have  been  seen  at  many  local  exhibitions,  but  his  collection 
includes  many  works  of  first  importance  that  have  never  been  seen  except  on  the  walls  of  their  proud  owner. 
Among  these  is  a  group  of  pictures  by  the  poet-painter  Jean  Francois  Millet,  in  which  the  author  of 
the  famous  "  Angelus"  freely  reveals  his  humanity  of  sentiment  and  technical  mastery.  One  of  these  has 
the  caption  ^^ pauvre  et  content,"  and  Joseph  Jefferson  observed  of  it  in  a  burst  of  enthusiasm,  "  Poor  and 

content  is  rich  and  rich  enough." 
The  picture  is  low  in  color,  ripe  and 
rich,  and  shows  care  of  drawing 
and  completeness  of  finish.  It  was 
painted  before  Millet  had  fallen 
into  monotony,  and  exhibits  greater 
variety  and  subtlety  than  his  later 
works. 

The  masterpieces  of  Constantin 
Troyon  illustrate  that  artist's  mas- 
tery of  landscape  and  the  portrayal 
of  the  brute  creation  in  his  various 
periods,  from  landscape  only  to  land- 
scape and  cattle,  and  the  third  per- 
iod when  the  landscape  became  a 
mere  background  for  the  animals. 
"The  Forest  of  Fontainebleau," 
painted  in  1847,  is  one  of  pure  land- 
scape, and  serves  excellently  well  to 
show  how  great  a  landscape  painter 
this  artist  was  before  he  made  him- 
self one  of  the  greatest  of  modern 
cattle  painters. 

The  second  period  noticeable  in 
Constantin  Troyon's  work  is  one 
which  is  a  good  example  of  his  tran- 
sition from  landscape  to  cattle.  The 
scene  is  a  grassy  common,  such  as 
one  sees  on  the  outskirts  of  any 
French  hamlet.  A  little  grove 
crosses  the  middle  ground  ;  a  shower 
lurks  in  the  lazy  summer  sky.  On 
the  common  a  broken-down  donkey 
has  been  turned  out  to  die,  and 
around  him  gather  a  herd  of  goats,  some  of  which,  with  satyr-like  sarcasm,  mock  his  misery  with  sportive 
assaults.  This  is  eminently  true  to  nature  and  bold  in  execution.  It  dates  two  years  after  the  Fontainebleau 
landscape.  There  is  also  a  picture  by  this  artist  which  represents  two  cows  at  a  marshy  pool  which  crosses 
the  foreground,  with  a  distance  of  low  pasture  under  a  cloudy  sky.  The  broad  and  certain  execution  and 
the  powerful  color  of  this  picture  set  it  among  the  masterpieces.  Mr.  Chapman  has  another  of  the  same 
period,  two  goats  grazing  on  a  stony  hillside,  and  all  that  he  needs  is  an  example  of  this  artist  in  which  the 
landscape  is  entirely  subordinated  to  the  cattle  to  make  the  collection  complete.    He  will  doubtless  obtain  it. 


'The  Girl  with  the  Mousetrap,"  by  Sir  Joshua  Reynold;;. 
Drawn  by  Richard  Creyfields^from  the  original  painting. 


yc,6  THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 

Of  the  Corots  there  is  a  large  and  important  one  called  "  The  Harvesters  Returning  from  the  Field," 
which  illustrates  the  artist's  middle  period,  at  the  time  when  he  was  working  in  Rome,  and  betrayed  its 
influences.  In  its  scheme  of  color  and  wondrous  atmosphere  effects  it  surpasses  many  of  his  better  efforts. 
Of  these  there  is  also  an  e.xample,  a  little  gem  of  a  landscape,  featherly  delicate  in  its  phases  of  light  and 
shadow. 

Most  notable  of  all  the  Barbizons  in  this  collection  is  the  great  e.xample  of  Jules  Dupre.  This  picture 
was  painted  between  1S35  and  1S40,  when  the  artist  was  in  the  full  vigor  of  his  manhood  and  enthusiasm, 
and  is  undoubtedly  his  masterpiece.  Nothing  can  compare  with  the  delicacy  which  is  shown  in  the  pene- 
trability of  its  foliage  and  its  scheme  of  light  and  coloring.  Only  to  look  at  it  is  to  recline  on  a  mossy 
knoll  in  the  forest,  see  the  moving  panorama  of  fleecy  clouds  overhead,  feel  the  gentle  swaying  of  the 
foliage  under  the  soft  summer  zephyrs,  hear  the  insects  buzz  and  the  birds  sing.  A  smaller  work  by  the 
same  master,  of  about  the  same  period,  also  shows  a  lordly  oak  in  the  foreground,  and  in  this  also  the 
artist  demonstrates  his  familiar  contact  with  nature.  One  can  understand  from  these  two  examples  of  his 
earlier  work  how  Dupre  was  able,  in  his  decrepitude,  to  paint  such  excellent  portraits  of  nature  from 
memory  and  experience. 

The  principal  picture  by  Daubigny  is  "The  Time  of  Apple  Blossoms."  It  is  one  of  those  simple 
studies  of  nature  in  which  Daubigny  rejoiced,  and  no  American  collection  contains  an  example  of  his  brush- 
work  which  more  glorifies  his  genius.  The  pictures  of  Eugene  Delacroix  include  a  brilliant  sketch  for 
historical  composition  and  several  conceptions  of  animal  life.  In  one  of  these  we  see  a  lion  rending  a 
serpent  that  has  intruded  upon  his  seclusion  ;  in  another,  a  weary,  hunted  tiger  in  a  cane-brake  laps  water 
at  a  stream  ;  another  has  a  Bengal  man-eater  at  rest.  It  is  hardly  larger  than  a  girl's  palm,  yet  has  all 
the  glow  and  sparkle  of  a  casket  of  gems. 

Alexandre  Gabriel  Decamps  shows  his  handiwork  in  a  picture  of  large  dimensions  and  of  sumptuous 
tone  and  color.  It  is  an  interior  lighted  only  by  one  window,  and  the  scene  of  color  shows  up  the  figures 
in  the  middle  foreground  and  throws  others  and  the  rest  of  the  picture  into  deep  shadow.  To  an  audience 
of  peasant  children  a  vagrant  showman  is  exhibiting  his  marionettes  in  their  portable  theatre.  It  is  the 
same  Punch  and  Judy  show  which  amuses  crowds  of  children  on  the  Avenue  des  Champs  Elysees,  in  the 
provinces,  and  throughout  rural  England  even  unto  this  day  and  generation,  and  is  a  pleasing  reminiscence 
of  youthful  joys  as  well  as  of  one  of  Decamps'  long  tramps  afoot,  for  he  who  painted  was  like  Dickens 
who  wrote,  fond  of  going  forth  on  wayward  journeys  in  quest  of  possibilities.  "  Looking  at  this  picture," 
writes  a  noted  art  critic,  "  one  can  fancy  the  artist  in  the  unseen  doorway,  sketch  book  in  hand,  with  his 
hound  curled  at  his  feet — one  of  those  hounds  that  went  hunting  with  him  one  day  and  whose  baying 
called  the  Fontainebleau  foresters  to  find  a  great  artist  lying  with  his  skull  shattered  at  the  base  of  a  tree, 
against  which  his  horse  had  thrown  him,  dying  as  he  had  lived,  a  misunderstood,  lonely  man." 

From  the  several  examples  of  Diaz  may  be  singled  out  a  nymph  and  Cupid  in  the  best  style  of  the 
artist  in  this  class  of  subjects,  and  a  study  of  a  young  woman  in  a  garden  with  a  hound  at  her  feet.  The 
example  of  Van  Marcke  is  of  the  earlier  period,  when  he  was  yet  under  the  influence  of  Troyon,  and  in 
several  respects  it  is  much  richer  in  tone  than  many  of  his  works  of  a  later  period.  The  Courbets  and 
the  Delacroixs  are  also  excellent  examples,  and,  on  the  whole,  as  a  collection  of  the  Barbizons  there  is 
no  other  in  the  country  that  can  compare  with  this. 

Another  great  Frenchman  of  the  same  period  was  Thomas  Couture,  whose  "  Romans  of  the  Decadence" 
is  a  glory  to  the  national  collection  of  France.  Next  to  his  "  Decadence  "  in  artistic  appreciation  comes 
the  masterpiece  in  the  Chapman  collection,  the  "  Magdalen."  The  fair  sinner  is  seated  in  repentance  in 
a  sylvan  retreat.  Carnal  vanity,  in  the  presence  of  two  roguish  Cupidons,  tempt  her  with  cajolements  of 
passion  and  a  bait  of  jewels.  With  her  eyes  on  a  rustic  cross  and  her  hands  clasping  the  Bible,  she  resists 
their  allurements.  The  figures  are  life-size  and  in  their  vitality  of  color  and  perfection  of  modeling  have 
as  much  of  the  palpitant  quality  of  actual  flesh  and  blood  as  art  can  simulate.  Couture  has  left  no 
allegory  more  striking  and  lifelike  than  this. 

Probably  next  in  importance  come  the  works  of  George  Michel,  in  regard  to  which  Mr.  Chapman  has  a 
veritable  enthusiasm  and  an  ambition  to  possess  all  his  masterpieces.  When  he  was  abroad  in  1879,  he 
came  to  the  conclusion  that  this  artist  was  not  appreciated  as  he  would  be  some  day,  and  he  hunted  up  and 
purchased  no  less  than  thirty-nine  of  his  canvases.  In  after  years  he  added  to  and  eliminated  from  this 
collection  until  it  became  one  of  the  choicest  in  the  country.  At  least  three  of  these  Michels  are  conceded 
to  be  the  finest  in  existence.  They  are  "Quarries  near  Montmartre,"  "The  Approaching  Storm,"  and 
"The  Hill  of  Montmartre." 

But  all  these,  after  all,  are  but  selected  examples  in  the  grand  collection  of  Mr.  Chapman.  He  is  in 
reality  broad  and  liberal  in  mind,  and  not  wedded  to  any  time  or  school.  Such  early  Dutch  painters  as 
Van  Goyen  and  John  Van  Ravensteyn  and  Holbein  and  Phillip  Roos,  and  Peter  Van  Bloemen,  find  a  place 
on   his  walls,  alongside  with   Sir  Joshua   Reynolds  ("  The  Girl   with  the  Mousetrap"),  Watteau,  Caspar, 


LITERATURE   AND    THE    FINE   ARTS.  797 

Poussln,  Claude  Lorraine,  Hobbema,  Van  Dyke,  Paul  Delaroche  and  Salvator  Rosa.     The  latter  is  repre- 
sented by  his  famous  picture  of  "The  Deluge,"  made  familiar  to  everybody  by  the  popular  reproductions  of  it. 

There  are  so  many  episodes  of  passing  interest  in  Mr.  Chapman's  collection  that  it  is  difficult  to  decide 
which  are  the  more  worthy  of  mention.  There  is  the  color  scheme  of  the  great  picture  painted  by  the  mad 
artist  of  the  mad  King  of  Bavaria,  life  behind  the  scenes  of  a  circus;  there  is  the  original  of  Peter  Von 
Bloeman's  "  Descent  from  the  Cross,"  known  wherever  the  Bible  is  known  ;  a  portrait  by  Madame  Le  Brun, 
which  in  some  inexplicable  way  seems  to  call  up  memories  of  her  interesting  career;  the  famous  English 
artist  Morland  claims  your  attention  by  his  chubby  country  boy  in  his  drab  smock  frock,  and  a  red  field 
poppy  in  his  hat— a  charming  little  piece  ;  and  there  are  many  other  illustrations  of  English  art  that  you 
are  unable  to  carry  in  your  mind  from  an  afternoon  visit.  One  thing  that  you  are  sure  to  remember,  how- 
ever, is  the  very  interesting  examples  of  Paul  Delaroche's  work.  He  has  in  the  Louvre  a  large  picture  of 
"The  Death  of  Queen  Elizabeth,"  who  died  as  she  lived,  a  cruel,  vainglorious  woman,  surrounded  by 
flatterers  and  sycophants,  even  on  her  deathbed.  Two  of  the  original  portraits  for  this  great  historical 
work  happily  fell  into  the  hands  of  Mr.  Chapman,  and  they  are  of  more  than  historical  interest  in  that  they 
are  such  excellent  examples  of  the  early  period  of  French  Academic  art. 

As  will  be  seen  from  this  necessarily  brief  sketch  you  go  into  this  collection  with  the  idea  of  making  a 
careful  study  of  the  Barbizons,  but  your  mind  is  switched  off  into  other  tracks  by  the  multitude  of  other 
interesting  objects.  The  collection  of  old  Chinese  porcelains  is  one  of  the  finest  in  the  country.  It  contains 
several  examples  of  the  peachblow,  which  occasioned  such  a  sensation  at  the  sale  of  Mrs.  Morgan's  collec- 
tion of  "old  blues;"  tea-leaf  color,  mirror- black,  and  coral.  Then  there  are  the  bronzes,  which  range  from 
the  earliest  period  down  to  Barye,  and  include  some  of  the  famous  silver  bronzes  of  India.  There  are 
some  exquisite  ivory  carvings,  and  Mrs.  Chapman  has  a  room  to  herself,  the  walls  of  which  are  entirely  dedi- 
cated to  autographs  and  the  portraits  of  their  writers.  They  range  from  Napoleon  as  Consul  down  to  the 
great  men  of  to-day,  and  the  collection  is  one  of  surpassing  interest.  She  has  also  a  series  of  sketches  of 
her  own  hand  of  a  shipwreck  at  Point  Lookout,  her  summer  home.  She  saw  the  vessel  struggling  in  the 
storm,  gave  the  first  alarm,  and  the  pictures  commemorating  the  life  saving  are  wreathed  with  the  old  ropes 
that  formed  the  ladder  of  salvation  for  many  lives.  There  is  a  head  of  Mr.  Chapman  in  clay.  Hartley 
made  it  in  thirty-one  minutes  before  the  Rembrandt  Club,  of  which  Mr.  Chapman  is  a  prominent  member. 
There  are  art  books  galore,  including  a  whole  library  of  catalogues,  the  Turner  Gallery,  Michael  Angelo's 
works,  many  rare  art  publications,  and  about  five  thousand  valuable  engravings.  There  are  many  cabinets, 
quaint  and  ancient,  interesting  in  the  stories  they  tell  of  our  forefathers'  expedients  before  science  got  out 
of  its  swaddling  clothes,  and  among  these  is  one  kept  carefully  locked  which  is  a  history  all  in  itself  of  the 
first  attempts  at  the  manufacture  of  glass.  But  the  examples  selected  are  of  the  most  fragile  description. 
They  are  as  fine  pearls  with  the  fire-gleam  of  the  opal. 

Mr.  Chapman  keeps  in  reserve  his  favorite  picture.  The  critical  opinion  of  its  owner  is  that  it  is  the 
greatest  Rousseau  in  the  world,  and  in  this  fact  the  visitor  will  find  an  additional  charm.  He  is  desirous  of 
showing  it  a  little  before  the  sunset  gun  is  fired  on  Governor's  Island,  for,  singular  to  say,  this  picture  is  as 
the  tourmaline,  a  stone  which  varies  in  its  color  depths  with  its  immediate  surroundings.  It  was  the  fortune 
of  the  writer  to  see  this  picture  at  the  hour  it  is  best  seen.  And  it  was  curious  indeed,  and  vastly  interest- 
ing, to  watch  the  transformations  of  color  and  depth  of  tone  which  the  varying  light  made  in  this  picture. 
It  was  something  uncanny.  It  was  in  the  beginning  of  the  study  a  masterly  piece  of  brushwork  ;  then  you 
found  yourself  looking  from  a  window  over  a  pastoral  scene  of  great  beauty  in  which  everything  changed 
with  the  throes  of  the  dying  sun.  There  are  other  Rousseaus  in  Mr.  Chapman's  collection — there  are  many 
scattered  about  this  country — but  there  is  none  in  which  the  splendor  of  imagination  and  the  genius  of 
human  fingers  is  shown  quite  so  well  in  the  delineation  of  one  of  Nature's  sweetest  moods. 

MR.  JOSEPH  C.  HOAGLAND'S  COLLECTION. 

Joseph  C.  Hoagland  is  a  collector  of  much  taste  and  discrimination,  who  made  his  purchases  only 
after  thought.  The  first  striking  point  in  his  canvases  is  the  presence  of  a  strong  individuality  on  the 
part  of  the  gentleman  who  brought  them  together,  an  individuality  as  broad  and  liberal  as  are  the  canons  of 
true  art  themselves.  Unfortunately,  Mr.  Hoagland  has  been  too  busy  and  too  devoted  to  the  collecting  of 
pictures  to  find  time  to  have  them  catalogued,  and  consequently  only  a  partial  list  can  be  given.  But  the 
following  names  will  serve  to  show  in  how  liberal  a  spirit  he  has  pursued  his  hunting  pleasures  into  the 
realms  of  art  :  Daubigny,  Rousseau,  John  Phillip,  Gainsborough,  Kowalski,  Henner,  Troyon,  Schreyer, 
Mollinger,  Lerolle,  Yeend  King,  Leo  Hermann,  Van  Marcke,  Jules  Breton,  Corot,  Monticelli,  Neuhuys. 
Diaz,  Jules  Dupre,  James  Price,  C.  E.  Jacque,  John  Burr,  G.  Michel,  O'Connor,  H.  W.  Ranger,  Houseman, 
Wilson,  Stortenbeker,  J.  F.  Herring,  H.  Jacquette,  E.  J.  Nieman,  Herman  Ten  Kate,  Marie  Ten  Kate, 
Rozier,  Niemann,  H.  P.  Smith,  Ogden  Wood,  Nicholas  Maes,  J.  Richet,  Burr  H.  Nichols.  Of  several  of 
these  there  are  more  than  one  example. 


79S 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


Many  connoisseurs  who  have  visited  the  gallery  of  their  confrlre  have  been  primarily  attracted  by  his 
pictures  by  Troyon  and  the  latter's  pupil  Van  Marcke,  and  one  of  the  most  exquisite  of  Daubignys  there  is 
to  be  found.  The  Van  Marcke  occupies  the  place  of  honor,  so  far  as  the  mere  hanging  is  concerned,  and  is 
admitted  to  be  one  of  the  finest,  if  not  the  finest  example  of  this  artist's  brush  during  his  best  and  most  suc- 
cessful period.  One  solitary  Holstein  cow  fills  the  whole  of  the  large  canvas,  with  head  erect,  eye  dilated 
and  yet  soft,  and  body  full  of  vigorous  yet  reposeful  action.  The  drawing  is  superb,  but  the  coloring,  the 
deep  blacks  and  dead  whites,  and  the  sheen  of  light  caught  here  and  there  in  the  satiny  skin,  are  depicted 
with  a  faithfulness  entirely  unsurpassable.  The  picture  was  purchased  at  the  sale  of  the  Graves  collection. 
The  o-rand  Troycm  might  well  find  a  place  by  its  side.  It  was  sold  in  the  Probasco  collection  in  1887,  and 
was  also  the  subject  of  spirited  bidding.  It  is  called  "  The  Approaching  Storm,"  and  measures  sixty- 
two  inches  by  forty-four.  Troyon  painted  this  in  1859,  and  it  is  one  of  the  few  landscapes  he  painted 
at  that  period,  as  he  had  already  found  that  his  cattle  pieces,  for  some  undefinable  reason,  secured  a  readier 


"The  Appkoaciii.ng  Siorm,"  by  Constantine  Trovon. 

sale.  As  to  the  Daubigny,  "  Le  Fin  du  Mai,"  scarcely  anything  so  exquisitely  and  poetically  sweet  can  be 
found  in  paint.  It  was  painted  in  1870,  and  Mr.  Hoagland  was  fortunate  to  secure  it  at  the  sale  of  A.  T. 
Stewart's  collection. 

The  Rousseau  is  small,  but  gives  some  of  the  best  effects  of  this  artist.  It  is  a  glen,  overhung  with 
dense  foliage,  with  here  and  there  only  a  glimpse  of  gray  sky.  The  example  by  the  English  artist  John 
Phillip  is  an  impressionist  study  of  a  girl  with  a  greyhound,  which  Mr.  Hoagland  picked  up  in  Wales. 
Kowalski  shows  his  handiwork  in  a  Russian  scene,  the  horses  and  dogs  demonstrating  careful  drawing  and 
accurate  knowledge,  and  the  Henner  is  probably  the  loveliest  woman's  head  that  was  ever  limned — a 
small  oval  face  shadowed  with  a  mass  of  dark  hair,  round  scjft  eyes  that  pierce  you  like  the  shafts  of 
truth.  As  a  conception  of  idealized  feminine  loveliness  this  will  stand  for  all  time.  The  splendid 
action  and  color  of  Shreyer's  "  Arabs  making  a  Charge  "  arrests  the  eye  for  a  moment,  and  then  comes 
a  pastoral  which  reminds  you  of  Millet,  even  after  you  notice  the  signature  of  A.  MoUinger  in  the  corner. 
It  is  a  Millet  subject,  peasants  returning  home  from  their  toil,  and  in  its  sympathetic,  atmospheric  effects 
is  very  much  like  Millet  in  treatment.  Differently  handled  is  the  picture  of  G.  Lerolle,  "Burning  the 
Weeds,"  which  is  a  sombre  evening  on  a  lonely  stubble  field,  illuminated  by  the  flame  and  drifting  smoke 
from  the  burning  piles  of  weeds.  There  is  a  dainty  bit  of  English  scenery  by  Yeend  King,  and  a  genre 
picture,  by  Leo  Hermann,  called  "  L'Incroyable." 

Jules  Breton  is  well  represented  in  a  large  canvas  showing  cattle  and  a  peasant  girl  in  a  noonday 
reverie  ;  and  near  to  it  is  one  of  Corot's  bosky,    balsam-laden  woods,  into  the  cool  shadow  of  which  the 


LITERATURE   AND   THE   FINE   ARTS.  799 

sun  scarcely  penetrates.  Another  scene  in  the  wild  wood,  but  flooded  with  sunshine,  is  by  A.  Monticelli, 
and  was  painted  before  that  artist  went  entirely  crazy  on  gorgeous  coloring.  Another  by  the  same  artist 
shows  a  group  of  pretty  girls  in  a  garden,  with  rosy  cupids  gamboling  at  their  feet.  There  are  three 
Dutch  interiors  by  Neuhuys,  all  of  which  show  painstaking  study  and  niceties  of  detail,  and  a  nice  bit  of 
English  scenery  in  the  early  autumn  represents  James  Price.  Another  scene  of  rural  content  is  by  Jacque, 
and  acknowledged  to  be  one  of  his  best.     This  work  comes  from  the  Thomas  Howell  collection. 

Although  Mr.  Hoagland  shares  his  love  for  the  fine  arts  with  a  passion  for  yachting,  there  are  but 
few  marines  in  his  collection.  There  is  one,  certainly,  which  is  a  masterpiece  of  its  kind,  and  perhaps 
this  satisfies  him.  It  is  by  Jules  Dupre,  and  is  justly  celebrated.  It  is  of  the  sea  as  only  a  seaman  sees 
it,  far  away  from  land  in  the  playground  of  the  storms.  This  is  after  a  storm,  when  the  sea's  loud, 
angry  growls  are  changed  to  moans,  and  it  heaves  and  pants  with  the  passion  spent.  It  is  one  of  a  few 
of  Dupre's  marines  which  are  really  masterly,  and  Mr.  Hoagland's  keen  sympathy  with  the  sea  gives  it, 
in  his  eyes,  an  additional  value.  His  Diaz  is  also  a  good  one,  and  forms  the  strongest  kind  of  a  con- 
trast to  the  Dupre.  It  is  a  pastoral  scene  of  great  beauty,  in  which  nature  in  her  most  resplendent  raiment 
lies  down  amid  her  works  for  an  afternoon  nap.  There  is  also  an  exceedingly  pretty  landscape  by  J.  Richet, 
who  was  a  pupil  of  Diaz,  and  who  in  this  work,  at  least,  shows  the  influence  of  the  master. 

For  many  years  it  was  said  in  England  that  no  man  could  paint  horses,  or  ever  had  painted  them, 
as  faithfully  as  J.  F.  Herring  did,  and  there  are  many  cosmopolitan  connoisseurs  who  hold  that  in  this 
he  has  no  superior.  Very  few  of  his  pictures  have  been  permitted  to  come  to  this  country,  and  the  one 
in  this  collection  is  something  to  be  proud  of.  It  is  of  the  days  Charles  Dickens  loved  to  go  back  to, 
when  the  arrival  of  the  stage-coach  in  a  town  was  an  event.  Herring  here  portrays  "Changing  Horses," 
the  first  mail  coach  from  Winchester  to  Portchester,  a  village  midway  where  the  horses  take  their  pound 
of  oat  meal  in  lukewarm  water,  and  the  red-nosed  driver  "  takes  his  hot,  he  does."  The  inn  is  a  low,  white- 
washed building  roofed  with  thatch,  and  in  the  inn  yard  are  scattered  a  few  yokels  in  the  twine- 
embroidered  smock-frocks,  now  fast  disappearing.  As  an  episode  des  moeurs  the  picture  tells  a  story  of 
increasing  interest  as  time  rolls  on,  but  the  close  observation  and  artistic  skill  shown  in  the  portrayal  of 
the  horses  will  be  a  study  of  moment  for  all  artists  for  all  time.  There  is  a  fine  example  of  P.  Storten- 
beker  of  the  Hague,  "  On  the  Dikas  in  Holland,"  which  was  painted  to  order  when  Mr.  Hoagland  was 
in  Holland  in  1890.  Its  peculiarity  is  the  wondrous  luminous  effect  of  the  sky,  which  casts  its  lights 
and   shadows  over  the  dikes,  dotted  with  well-drawn  cattle. 

There  is  not  space  to  describe  all  the  good  pictures  in  this  collection,  but  it  is  pleasing  to  add  that 
American  artists  also  find  a  somewhat  prominent  place  in  it.  There  is  a  Richard  Creifels,  a  head  of  "The 
Old  Captain  " — a  strong  work  with  remarkable  coloring  ;  a  farmyard  scene  by  H.  \V.  Ranger,  who 
somehow  has  made  a  greater  reputation  by  his  water  colors;  a  pleasing  landscape  by  H.  P.  Smitii,  and  a 
comedy  in  colors  by  Burr  H.  Nichols.  Who  painted  the  portrait  of  Alfred  the  Great  will  probably  never  be 
known.  Mr.  Hoagland  purchased  it  upon  its  artistic  value,  as  he  did  a  large  picture  of  the  court  lady  of 
the  time  of  the  Seventh  Earl  of  Derby,  and  several  others.  Weedon  Grossmith — where  is  there  one  who 
has  spent  any  time  in  the  metropolis  of  Great  Britain  who  does  not  know  him  as  the  prince  of  drawing- 
room  entertainers  ?  Yet  here  he  figures  as  an  artist  in  oil,  picturing  a  youth  spinning  a  teetotum. 
Whether  he  intended  it  or  not,  it  is  something  of  an  allegory  on  his  own  history. 

There  is  another  point  which  belongs  to  art  if  it  does  not  to  pictures.  Mr.  Hoagland's  library  is 
wainscoted  from  top  to  bottom  with  the  finest  specimen  of  carved  oak  work  to  be  found  in  this  country. 
In  pursuit  of  art  he  found  this  in  an  old  convent  in  Belgium.  It  is  in  panel,  and  a  heavy  cornice  has 
been  made  in  this  country  to  match  it.  In  the  bric-a-brac  of  the  room  good  taste  is  shown  to  keep  every- 
thing in  harmony  with  this  handsome  antique  workmanship,  and  even  the  stained  glass  windows  are 
interesting  in  that  ornaments  of  exquisite  coloring  are  shown  in  them,  being  fac-similes  of  the  book-marks 
of  the  old  bibliophiles. 

MR.  JOHN    B.  LADD'S   COLLECTION. 

John  B.  Ladd  began  collecting  pictures  in  1877,  and  now  his  house  at  No.  246  Henry  street  is  nearly  filled 
with  them.  He  has  bought  as  a  gentleman  buys,  for  his  own  recreation  and  pleasure,  and  has  been  courageous 
enough  to  base  his  own  judgment  on  the  merits  of  the  works  themselves,  rather  than  follow  so-called  expert 
judgment  or  be  influenced  by  mere  names,  which,  it  sometimes  happens,  attain  a  certain  popularity  by  the 
adroit  puffery  of  dealers.  For  all  this,  in  his  collection  are  to  be  found  examples  of  many  of  the  most 
famous  of  modern  French  painters— some  of  those  well-known  and  some  only  just  creeping  up  among  the 
artists  of  other  countries  of  Europe — and  some  excellent  examples  of  home  talent.  In  fine,  it  is  a  miscel- 
laneous collection,  in  which  every  work  is  of  merit,  and  all  possess  an  interest  to  genuine  art  lovers. 

Such  a  collection,  in  the  absence  of  any  classified  catalogue,  can  be  only  treated  in  a  general  way,  and 
works  of  more  than  ordinary  merit  have  to  be  passed  with  a  mere  mention  in  order  to  give  an  idea  of  the 


Soo 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


wide  range  which  the  collection  covers.  There  are,  to  begin  with,  some  excellent  examples  of  the  Barbizon 
school.  The  most  important  of  these  is  a  Corot,  a  scene  at  Mantes,  which  very  finely  exhibits  the  best 
qualities  of  this  artist.  It  shows  a  broad  country  road  grassed  on  either  side,  and  peasants  lazily  gossip- 
ing; in  the  background,  the  tops  of  the  houses,  and  the  spire  of  the  old  cathedral  showing  above  the  foli- 
age. A  Van  Marcke,  which  came  direct  from  the  artist's  sale  last  year,  shows  a  cleverly  drawn  horse 
and  the  village  smithy.  It  has  a  charming  out-of-door  feeling,  and  expresses  more  than  some  of  his  more 
closely  finished  pictures.  Jacque  is  represented  in  a  small  interior,  done  at  his  best  period,  and  a  more 
important  work,  called  "  The  Approaching  Storm."  The  cloud  effects  in  the  latter  are  wonderfully  good, 
light  filtering  through  the  dark  sky  in  patches,  and  falling  on  the  flock  of  sheep  in  the  middle  foreground. 
The  Daubigny  is  small,  but  the  quality  is  very  fine.  It  depicts  summer  in  the  fields,  not  far  from  Paris.  Of 
the  Holland  school  a  strong  and  interesting  Israels  and  two  superb  examples  by  Mauve,  who  died  in  1889. 
One  of  the  best  pictures  of  Eugene  Ciceri,  called  "  Spring  at  Daybreak,"  is  found  here,  and  a  pendant 
which  has  the  soft  brown  tones  of  autumn  for  a  motive.  For  spirited  action  and  glow  of  color,  "  The 
Attack,"  by  A.  Pasini,  is  to  be  very  highly  commended.  A  regiment  of  horse  is  rushing  pell-mell,  all 
crowded  together,  through  a  narrow  defile,  kicking  up  a  cloud  of  desert  sand,  and  in  the  background  is 
the  smoke  of  battle  but  a  short  distance  away.     It  is  a  masterpiece  of  conception  and  execution. 

After  this  an  Inness,  called  "  A  Cloudy  Day,"  a  gentle  pastoral  with  cattle,  rests  the  eye  and  calms  the 
excitement  of  enthusiasm.  It  is  painted  with  that  individuality  of  poetic  thought  which  gives  the  place  of 
first  eminence  in  American  art,  and  it  has  all  the  strength  and  vigor  of  a  Dupre  without  at  all  reminding 
you  of  that  other  great  artist's  handiwork.  Near  it  is  a  sunset  landscape  by  A.  H.  Wyant  which,  when  the 
light  of  fading  day  is  on  it  has  the  peculiar  characteristic  of  Mr.  Chapman's  celebrated  Rousseau,  and 
seems  to  take  on  new  life  in  the  illumination  of  the  sky  by  the  reflection  of  the  sun's  last  ruddy  glow.  The 
foreground  is  a  wood,  the  crowded  details  of  which  are  made  apparent  without  any  nicety  of  paint.  Horatio 
Walker,  another  American,  has  a  picture  called  "  After  the  Rain."  It  is  somewhat  after  the  Dutch  school. 
The  clever  handling  of  the  cow  and  calf  in  the  foreground  is  worthy  of  the  artist,  who  has  been  called  the 


"  Mantes,"  ky  Jean  B.  C.  Corot. 


LITERATURE   AND   THE    FINE   ARTS.  3oi 

best  cattle  painter  of  this  country.  There  is  an  excellent  Rico,  a  Venetian  scene,  of  course,  but  it  is  less 
architectural  and  in  many  respects  more  pleasing  in  its  sentiment  than  many  of  his  works.  There  is  an 
important  work  by  Richard  Pauli,  a  young  American,  a  pretty  moonlight  scene  not  far  from  Englewood, 
N.  J.;  Bolton  Jones  has  a  "  Landscape  with  Cattle,"  near  Cape  Ann  ;  a  gem  by  Arthur  Quartley,  "Dawn 
at  Sea,"  and  a  small  Carleton  Wiggins  remarkably  rich  in  tone. 

Among  other  excellent  examples  are  :  The  famous  old  mill  at  Venice,  by  Santoro  ;  figure  of  a  soldier,  by 
E.  Berne-Bellecour  ;  a  head  by  F.  Dielman  ;  "  The  Gunning  Season,"  by  Leonard  Ochtman  ;  an  important 
work  by  Hugo  Kaufmann,  full  of  dry  humor  ;  "  Christmas  Morning,"  by  Seignac  ;  "  Scandinavian  Girl,"  by 
Carl  Sierig  ;  E.  Grison's  celebrated  painting,  "  At  the  Antiquarian's  ;  "  an  old  country  garden  by  Pelouse, 
who  died  in  1891  ;  "  The  Wood  Cutter's  Cabin,"  by  Jacomin,  a  little  gem  ;  a  magnificent  woodland  scene, 
by  Sanchez-Perrier,  painted  in  1888  ;  "  Distraite,"  figure  of  a  charming  face  shrouded  in  black  lace,  by 
Claudie  ;  "Boulevard  des  Capucines,  Paris,"  by  Jean  Beraud  ;  "The  Stirrup  Cup,"  an  important  work  by 
J.  A.  Walker,  the  English  artist  who  was  born  in  the  West  Indies,  and  paints  after  the  French  school  ; 
"Scene  in  the  Franco-German  War,"  by  Chr.  Sell,  who  has  been  called  the  German  Meissonier  ;  "The 
Astronomer,"  by  Paul  Burmeister,  and  a  number  of  water  colors  of  the  Dutch  school  and  original  etchings 
by  well-known  artists. 

Mr.  Ladd  has  also  a  fine  collection  of  old  Chinese  porcelains,  some  rare  pieces  in  solid  colors,  and 
blue  and  white. 

HON.  CARLL  H.  DeSILVER'S  COLLECTION. 

Carll  H.  DeSilver  has  in  his  residence,  at  No.  43  Pierrepont  street,  quite  a  number  of  excellent  canvases 
which  he  has  gathered  together  during  the  past  fifteen  years.  His  collection  seems  to  show  a  decided  taste 
for  landscapes  which  subtly  depict  the  more  tender  beauties  of  nature,  and  of  the  modern  French  school 
he  has  several  good  examples,  as  well  as  of  leading  American  artists  who  paint  this  mood.  But  the  walls 
are  by  no  means  monotonous  either  in  tone  or  subject.  Here  and  there  are  impressionist  bits  of  gay  color 
and  remarkably  fine  figure  pictures.  Conspicuous  among  the  latter  is  "  The  Mirror  of  Nature,"  by  Leon 
Perrault,  in  which  the  well-drawn  and  captivating  figures  have  a  background  of  the  sweetest  charm.  The 
"  Mirror  "  is  a  rock-bound,  pellucid  spring,  reflecting  two  pretty  girls  in  gay  Italian  costume,  bending  over 
it,  one  of  whom  is  gently  dabbling  her  foot  in  the  cool  water.  Another  sylvan  scene  of  great  beauty  hang- 
ing near  it,  is  by  A.  H.  Wyant,  who  has  become  the  pictorial  chronicler  of  the  magnificent  scenery  of 
the  Adirondack  wilderness.  Its  value  can  be  judged  from  the  fact  that  it  was  sent  to  Paris  as  a  represen- 
tative American  landscape,  and  received  a  medal. 

Daubigny,  the  master  poet  of  the  twilight,  is  seen  here  in  an  unusual  phase,  for  among  all  his  pictures 
there  are  few  of  the  beauty  of  the  moonlight.  In  the  treatment  of  light,  air,  color  and  feeling  this  picture 
is  regarded  as  Daubigny's  masterpiece,  and  there  lies  in  it  an  additional  interest  in  the  fact  that  it  was  one 
of  the  last  canvases  upon  which  he  recorded  his  title  to  undying  fame.  The  first  picture  Mr.  De  Silver 
bought,  and  therefore  one  of  reminiscent  interest,  is  a  pietty  love  story  by  Professor  Amberg,  of  Berlin, 
called  "A  Question  of  the  Heart."  Of  Kowalski  there  is  a  good  representation;  a  mounted  hunter  and 
two  dogs  in  a  wintry  landscape  ;  of  Carleton  Wiggins,  a  small  landscape  with  cattle  ;  of  Rico,  "  A  Venetian 
Palace,"  small  but  showing  as  much  of  his  rare  quality  as  do  his  larger  pictures  ;  of  Sanchez-Perrier,  a  little 
scene  that  is  full  of  sparkle  and  brilliancy. 

The  Vibert  in  Mr.  De  Silver's  collection  is  also  an  admirable  example.  It  is  called  "  Embarras  du 
Choix,"  and  represents  a  Cardinal  before  a  massive  bronze  vase  filled  with  flowers.  For  accuracy  both  of 
drawing  and  coloring,  and  for  elegance  in  their  arrangement,  these  flowers  cannot  be  surpassed.  The 
Cardinal's  figure  is  in  itself  a  study  for  artists,  for  in  the  robe  there  are  no  less  than  eight  shades  of  red 
harmoniously  blended.  Another  great  color  picture  is  "  The  Children's  Toilet,"  by  Vacslav  Brozik,  a  pupil  of 
Munkacsy,  and  son-in-law  of  Mr.  Seidelmeyer,  of  Paris.  Mr.  De  Silver's  example  of  this  artist  is  a  domestic 
scene,  the  nurse  washing  the  baby,  and  another  baby  who  has  just  gone  through  the  ordeal,  with  other 
interesting  details.  Tito  Lessi  is  a  young  Italian  who  undoubtedly  will  have  a  future  if  "The  Mandolin 
Player,"  a  careful  study  of  color,  is  to  be  taken  as  a  characteristic  example.  There  are  two  little  figure 
pieces  by  Bruc-Lajos  and  Leo  Hermann,  and  a  small  Diaz  showing  a  stormy  sky  and  moist  landscape  ; 
a  Russian  snow  scene  by  Jan  Chelminski  ;  a  "  Friar  of  Orders  Grey,"  a  study  with  a  gleam  of  humor  in  it 
by  Tamborini  ;  "  Head  of  An  Armenian  Girl,"  by  Grogeart  ;  a  pretty  landscape  by  Henry  P.  Smith,  and  an 
interesting  souvenir  of  Wm.  M.  Chase.  This  last  is  a  picture  of  his  own  studio,  so  well-known  to  art  lovers, 
and  shows  a  young  girl  turning  over  the  leaves  of  a  huge  volume  of  his  sketches  and  color  schemes. 

That  most  charming  of  early  pastoral  romances,  "  The  Vicar  of  Wakefield,"  is  recalled  by  a  portrait  of 
"  Olivia,"  by  George  H.  Boughton.  It  is  a  large  picture,  and  represents  Olivia  bashfully  drawing  a  letter 
from  her  bosom  to  hide  it  in  the  trunk  of  an  adjacent  tree  for  her  lover.  Two  water  colors,  "  The  Wine 
Taster,"  by  Vibert,  and  "//  maime  il  ne  maime  pas,"  a  girl  plucking  the  petals  of  a  daisy,  by  de  Curvillon, 
represent  two  of  the  leading  aquarellists  of  France  by  fine  examples  of  their  deft  handiwork.     A  little 


802 


THE    EAGLE   AND   BROOKLYN. 


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"The  Mirror  of  Nature,"  bv  Leo.n  Perrault. 

picture  of  dogs,  by  Armfield,  an  English  artist,  tells  its  story  well  ;  R.  W.  Van  Boskerck  is  represented  in 
a  Dutch  scene  ;  David  Johnson  by  a  landscape  of  great  merit  ;  Grison,  by  a  carefully  finished  picture 
called  "The  Reader,"  and  J.  R.  Goubie,  by  a  work  which  demonstrates  his  title  to  fam.e  as  the  foremost 
French  illustrator  of  "high-life"  equestrianism.  Another  Frenchman,  Croche-Pierre,  has  here  a  canvas 
entitled  "  Meditation,"  which  is  a  masterly  exhibit  of  close  detail  in  portraiture  ;  and  a  fruit  piece  of  great 
richness  of  color  is  signed  in  the  corner  Marston  Ream. 

Among  the  rooms  which  these  pictures  fill  with  an  atmosphere  of  good  taste  and  refinement,  you  will 
also  see  specimens  of  Gobelin  tapestry,  fine  Bohemian  glass,  English  cameos,  Chinese  jade,  an  interesting 
cabinet  of  family  miniatures,  one  by  Rembrandt  Pearle,  who  painted  many  of  Washington  and  his  family, 
and  some  more  recent  ones  by  Gerald  Hayward,  an  Englishman  who  is  devoting  himself  to  this  branch  of 
art  in  America,  and  whose  work  has  done  so  much  in  the  revival  of  the  interest  in  and  the  taste  for  miniature 
painting,  which  has  recently  become  noteworthy. 


MR.  JOHN   S.  JAMES'S  COLLECTION. 

A  collection  which  is  almost  entirely  made  up  of  modern  French  and  American  examples  is  that  of  Mr. 
John  S.  James,  at  No.  6  Pierrepont  street.  Mr.  James  has  been  collecting  for  a  few  years  only  ;  but  that 
his  taste  and  judgment  are  recognized  among  the  art  lovers  of  Brooklyn  is  indicated  by  his  three 
successive  elections  as  president  of  the  Rembrandt  Club.  It  was  at  one  of  the  meetings  of  this  influential 
art  club  that  Mr.  James  found  a  text  to  guide  him  in  the  selection  of  pictures  for  the  beautifying  of  his 
home  and  the  elevation  and  recreation  of  his  life.  William  M.  Chase,  the  justly  celebrated  New  York 
artist,  was  addressing  the  club,  and  in  the  course  of  his  advice  to  its  members  said  :  "  Don't  be  guided  by 
any  school  or  names,  or  by  anybody.     When  you  see  a  good  picture  buy  it  on  your  own  judgment.     This 


LITERATURE   AND    THE    FINE    ARTS. 


803 


will  give  you  much  more  pleasure  in  after  years  and  do  much  more  to  develop  a  true  taste."  Mr.  James 
has  rigorously  followed  this  advice,  and  still  continues  to  find  pleasure  in  doing  so.  His  collection  is  not 
large,  but  among  the  artists  represented  are  good  examples  of  the  works  of  Becker,  Beraud,  Mme.  Demont- 
Breton,  Domingo-Munoz,  Enrique-Serra,  Goubie,  Grison,  Hagborg,  Jacquet,  Kowalski,  Lesrel,  Schreyer, 
Van  Boskerck,  Vibert,  A.  F.  Bellows,  Bierstadt,  Bridgeman,  W.  M.  Chase,  W.  A.  Coffin,  Bolton  Jones, 
David  Johnson,  Percy  Moran,  Pauli,  Walter  Satterlee,  Henry  P.  Smith,  F.  Hopkinson  Smith  and  Carleton 
Wiggins. 

The  first  picture  which  strikes  you  on  a  visit  to  his  collection,  partly  from  its  position,  is  a  large  and 
important  Breton,  not  one  of  the  famous  Jules,  but  of  his  talented  daughter  Madame  Demont-Breton.  Mr. 
James  has  a  large  and  important  work  of  hers  called  '■^  Le  Premier  Pas''  It  is  the  first  step  of  a  chubby 
babe,  and  the  little  journey  is  made  along  the  knees  of  the  proud  and  happy  mother,  as  she  leans  back 
in  her  chair  and  laughs  until  the  apple  blossoms  overhead  quiver  with  her  joy.  It  is  in  the  painting  of  chil- 
dren that  this  artist  is  at  her  best. 

The  example  of  Kagborg  is  an  unusual  one,  as  this  great  Swedish  painter  usually  devotes  his  talent 
to  coast  scenes  and  fishermen.  This  is  a  smoothly  painted  and  prettily  colored  picture  of  an  aristocratic 
garden,  with  a  gay  gallant,  cocked  hat  tucked  under  arm,  making  love  to  a  lady  fair  in  tender  blue, 
blushing  when  her  stern  papa  appears  on  the  terrace.  Of  Kowalski,  the  Polish  painter  of  horses  and 
hunting,  there  is  a  small  but  excellent  example,  the  hounds  in  full  cry  among  the  turnips,  the  huntsman's 
horse  just  rising  for  the  fence.  It  is  full  of  splendid  life  and  action,  and  the  flat  landscape  is  breezily  and 
charmingly  treated,  "  The  Oaks,"  by  David  Johnson,  who  is  very  widely  known  as  a  landscape  artist,  is  very 
like  a  Rousseau  in  its  tender  tones  ;  and  another  artist's  work,  worthy  of  being  ranked  with  the  famous 
Barbizons,  is  that  of  Carleton  Wiggins,  who  after  some  years  study  in  Paris  returned  to  this  country 
one  of  the  best  equipped  cattle  painters  of  America.     In  this  example  the  sheep  are  handled  with  masterly 


i-  S£^m^\'^'Si'=tmif--'-''''^''"-''^-r^\  -I 


The  SURPKisK,"  by  Hagborg. 


8o4 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


skill  but  it  is  as  a  quiet  pastoral,  a  scene  in  the  Barbizon  district,  with  its  beautiful  atmosphere  effects  of 
evening,  that  it  is  most  to  be  prized. 

Percy  Moran  is  represented  by  a  well-known  work,  called  "  Day  Dreams."  It  is  of  a  New  England 
interior,  a  girl  sitting  in  the  wide  window-seat,  dreaming  and  watching  the  apple  trees  wave  in  the  summer 
sunshine.  There  is  a  spinning  wheel,  some  geraniums  in  pots,  and  an  atmosphere  of  contented  home 
life  about  the  whole  which  is  charming.  "  The  Orange  Dance,"  by  Enrique-Serra,  shows  a  harem  scene 
full  of  contrasts  and  harmonies  of  color.  Bierstadt  is  represented  by  a  sunset  picture  in  the  San  Joaquin 
Valley,  with  Mount  Diablo  in  the  distance  ;  and  Walter  Satterlee  by  two  pretty  figures  arranging  flowers, 
called  "  Easter  Morning."  Frederick  A.  Bridgeman,  who  began  his  artist  life  as  a  regular  attendant  at 
the  night  school  of  the  Brooklyn  Art  Association,  shows  his  clever  brush  in  the  figures  of  a  languishing 
Algerine  ;  and  another  Brooklynite,  who  studied  marine  under  De  Haas,  and  after  a  sojurn  abroad  is 
now  beginning. to  be  called  the  American  Rico,  is  well  represented  by  an  ambitious  picture  of  Venice.  This 
is  Warren  Shepherd.  It  is  a  picture  of  the  Golden  Palace,  silhouetted  against  the  blue  sky  and  reflected  on 
the  silvery  surface  of  the  grand  canal.  The  architecture  of  the  palace,  by  the  way,  should  be  well  known  to 
Brooklyn's  citizens,  as  it  is  pretty  closely  copied  in  the  design  of  the  Montauk  Club  House. 

Harry  Chase,  one  of  our  most  distinguished  marine  painters,  has  also  a  Venetian  scene  ;  it  is  of  sail- 
boats, and  is  one  of  his  best  examples.  W.  A.  Coffin,  one  of  the  best  art  critics  and  lecturers  on  art  in  the 
country,  a  pupil  of  Bonnat,  is  represented  by  a  work  which  he  calls  "  Palm  Sunday  " — peasants  in  a  narrow 
street  waiting  for  the  priest's  benediction  as  he  heads  a  procession  just  emerging  from  the  church  door. 
The  figures  are  splendidly  drawn,  and  the  coloring  is  rich  and  harmonious.  William  M.  Chase  has  a  pretty 
scene  in  Prospect  Park,  and  F.  Hopkinson  Smith  "  A  Gondola  Landing."  H.  Bolton  Jones  has  a  picture 
of  early  spring,  juicy  and  crisp,  and  evidently  entirely  painted  out  of  doors.  Goubie,  a  French  artist  of 
the  modern  school  who  has  made  his  great  hit  by  equestrian  scenes,  and  whose  picture,  "  The  Presentation 
of  the  Stag's  Foot,"  was  one  of  the  prizes  of  the  Stebbin's  sale,  is  showing  in  a  pleasing  study  of  an  after- 
noon ride.  There  is  a  study  in  red  by  Vibert,  a  carman  lolling  and  smoking  a  cigarette  ;  an  excellent 
example  of  Hooper,  the  English  artist,  called  "  After  the  Shower."  A  painting  by  Jan  V.  Chelminski,  "The 
Reconnaissance,"  mounted  scouts  scouring  across  a  level  plain  of  snow,  which  not  only  shows  his  clever 
handling  of  the  horse  but  some  capital  landscape  effects;  a  beautiful  little  Lesrel  called  "The  Color 
Bearer;  "  a  large  picture  by  Domingo-Munoz,  called  "  The  Spy's  Report;  "  a  little  genre  by  Grison  ;  and  a 
first  rate  Schreyer,  an  Arab  scout,  remarkably  clever  and  spirited  in  action.  Jean  Beraud  is  represented  by 
a  realistic  scene  in  the  church  of  the  Magdelene,  Paris — two  figures  in  black,  a  devotee,  and  a  charming 
mondaine ;  and  Sanchez-Perier  shows  a  study  of  soft  spring  greens  which  is  not  so  minute  in  its  treatment  and 
possesses  a  greater  depth  of  treatment  and  sympathetic  effects  than  most  of  his  pictures.  He  has  been  called 
the  Meissonier  of  Spain.  There  are  also  in  the  collection  a  number  of  important  water  colors  by  A.  F.  Bel- 
lows, Walter  Satterlee,  Neill  Mitchell,  and  others,  including  one  by  Story,  which  is  of  interest  as  one  of  his 
early  efforts  as  an  artist. 

Besides  his  presidency  of  the  Rembrandt  Club,  Mr.  James  also  fills  the  office  of  the  Vice-President  of 
the  Brooklyn  Art  Association,  and  is  a  trustee  of  the  Museum  of  Arts  and  Sciences. 

MR.   ALEXANDER   BARRIE'S  COLLECTION. 

The  collection  of  Mr.  Alexander  Barrie,  of  No.  ii6  Montague  street,  is  an  excellent  illustration  of  the 
value  of  care  and  good  taste  in  selection,  maintaining  a  high  standard,  and  improving  that  standard  by 
judicious  weeding  out  and  replacing  good  examples  with  better  ones.  Mr.  Barrie's  taste  grows  and 
advances  with  the  advancement  of  art  itself,  and  in  his  broad  love  for  art  he  has  made  it  his  aim  to  keep 
abreast  of  the  times. 

Two  of  the  most  important  works  in  point  of  size  and  in  some  other  respects  are  the  landscapes  by 
George  Inness  and  A.  H.  Wyant.  These  are  of  special  interest  for  purposes  of  comparison,  from  the  fact 
that  both  were  commission  pictures  and  both  were  painted  at  about  the  same  time.  This  was  in  1890,  and 
the  works  therefore  represent  the  ripened  judgment  and  skill  of  the  artists.  The  Innes  is  called  "  Sunset 
Seen  Through  the  Georgia  Pines,"  and  its  depth  of  tone  and  tender  feeling  make  it  one  of  the  most 
emotional  renderings  of  the  poetry  of  the  death  of  day  that  has  ever  been  limned.  The  Wyant  is  also  a 
local  scene,  an  early  morning  near  Crofts,  N.  Y.,  that  matches  in  size  and  quality  with  his  choice  specimen 
of  Inness — a  wide  landscape,  in  which  nothing  is  accented  beyond  the  foreground,  but  where  one  warms 
in  the  rays  of  sun  poured  through  an  air  that  is  softly  grayed  and  brightened  with  mist.  A  pool,  trees  and 
column  of  smoke  lazily  drifting  upward,  far  away,  are  in  the  composition,  and  the  sky  is  lightly  mottled. 
It  is  a  work  full  of  subtleties,  but  in  its  effect  large,  serene  and  pure  ;  a  picture  that  has  something  new  for 
the  beholder  every  day. 

These  two  canvases  are  in  themselves  a  proof  that  Mr.  Barrie  in  his  collection  places  quality  before 
quantity.     In  this  respect  the  work  of  Pokitonow,  who  has  been  called  the  Meissonier  of  Russian  landscape. 


LITERATURE    AND    THE    FINE    ARTS. 


805 


is  a  large  picture  in  a  small  space.  It  was  painted  in  Paris,  and  shows  a  widespreading  plain,  dotted  with 
ricks  and  with  farm  buildings  in  the  distance.  Across  the  middle  ground  a  shepherd  is  conducting  his 
flock ;  merely  little  dots  they  are,  but  they  bear  the  force  of  the  magnifying  glass,  and  come  out  under  it 
with  a  perfection  of  detail  that  leads  one  to  think  the  artist  may  have  worked  with  such  a  glass. 

In  Emilio  Sanchez-Perrier's  "  Midsummer  Noon,"  the  bank  rising  from  the  roadside  is  protected  by  a 
wall  of  rough  stones,  with  a  picket  fence  upon  the  top.  Beyond  the  fence  is  seen  a  glimpse  of  the  vegeta- 
tion of  a  farm  garden.  Steps  of  stone  lead  through  the  wall  from  the  road  to  the  level  of  the  garden,  and 
on  the  right  hand  an  end  of  the  cottage  appears.  It  is  the  dead  hour  of  a  midsummer  day.  The  old  farm- 
house and  its  inmates  doze  together  in  the  drowsy  heat,  while  nature  pants  in  the  broad  glare  from  a  sky 
which  blazes  in  a  vast  blue  expanse  of  ether  unspotted  by  a  cloud.    The  road  is  deserted,  and  no  wandering 


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feet  stir  the  dry  dust  that  powders  wayside  weeds  and  grass.  The  sun  is  supreme  master  of  the  scene, 
which  it  rules  with  a  scepter  of  fire. 

Rico  is  represented  by  one  of  his  admirable  Venetian  compositions,  which  with  Brooklyn  collectors 
seem  to  find  favor.  It  shows  the  Royal  Gardens,  with  gondolas  passing  on  the  calm,  bright  water,  the  over- 
hanging trees  and  characteristic  Venetian  architecture  in  marble,  lighted  by  a  sun  that  fills  the  air  with  a 
lazy  heat.  A  capital  rural  picture,  which  tells  a  pleasing  story  of  boys  bird-nesting,  is  by  Dargelas.  The 
cool  shade  of  the  woods  is  made  to  be  felt,  and  the  figures  of  the  boys  in  the  trees  are  excellently  drawn.  A 
picture  which  forms  a  contrast  to  this  is  a  lively  bit  of  bright  color  by  Professor  W.  Pelten,  a  Russian,  who 
paints  in  Munich,  representing  a  lumbering  country  coach  stopped  by  a  single  highwayman.  The  life  and 
action  of  the  horses  are  very  striking. 

An  interior  by  J.  A.  Grison  is  a  tale  of  the  dead  bird  and  the  quarrel  over  it.  The  owner  is  making  her 
plaint,  the  dead  pet  in  its  wicker  cage  at  her  feet,  and  a  big  countrywoman  is  angrily  defending  herself. 
The  scene  is  the  library  of  the  manor  house,  and  the  fat  old  lord  and  the  lean  old  notary  who  are  trying 
the  momentous  case  are  marvels  of  character  painting.  The  pose  of  the  figures,  too,  and  the  careful  detail 
of  the  library  shelves  and  fire-place  show  this  to  be  one  of  Grison's  best  efforts.  A  leash  of  hunting  dogs 
by  O.  DePenne  is  clean  in  drawing,  clear  in  color — fine  fellows  with  bright  eyes  and  panting  throats, 
dappled  with  yellow  and  white  and  tied  to  a  tree  biding  their  time  when  the  hunt  shall  begin.  It  might  be 
contrasted  with  the  two  terriers  by  Troyon,  if  there  were  any  grounds  of  comparison.  The  latter  is  a  little 
gem.  There  is  an  example  by  Ottenfeld,  of  Munich,  who  also  paints  in  miniature,  called  "The  Tile 
Painter,"  which  is  a  great  lesson  in  subdued  harmonies  in  color,  and  an  excellent  landscape,  as  bright  and 
clear  as  a  summer  morning,  by  F.  Cordero,  a  young  Spanish  painter.     E.  Munier  is  represented  by  a  small 


8o6 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


canvas  which  in  tone  and  modeling  reminds  one  very  forcibly  of  Bougue-reau.      It  is  called  "Coming  from 

the  Orchard," a  figure  of  a  pretty  girl  with  a  basket  of  red,  ripe  fruit  and  a  white  pigeon  on  her  shoulder. 

A  good  example  of  George  Michel  is  "A  French  Village."  There  is  a  stream  in  the  foreground,  and  the 
little  white  village  is  thrown  up  by  a  hill  of  tilled  corn  behind  it,  on  which  the  only  light  in  the  picture 
falls.  It  is  one  of  the  few  Michels  in  this  country  selected  for  an  illustrated  article  for  the  pages  of  the 
Century  Magazine  on  the  works  of  this  e.xtraordinary  genius,  whom  it  has  required  two  generations  of 
artistic  education  for  the  public  to  appreciate. 

A  small  figure  piece  in  which  the  posing  and  the  texture  of  the  ladies'  dresses  show  an  exquisitely  deli- 
cate touch,  is  called  "Conversation,"  and  shows  three  figures  seated  before  a  fire-place.  It  is  a  fine 
example  of  the  careful  pencil  of  Bakolowicz.  Next  to  it  hangs  a  Jules  Dupre— a  river  scene  with  cattle  on 
the  bank  and  heavy  clouds  passing  overhead,  is  painted  with  dash  and  strength,  which  shows  in  a  measure 
the  force  of  that  great  master. 

Filippo  Palazzi,  a  native  of  the  Abruzzi,  who  has  influenced  for  good  a  number  of  the  contemporary 
Italian  painters,  and  who  shows  a  needed  spirit  of  sincerity  in  the  Italian  school,  has  a  capital  little  figure 
on  the  palette  of  an  old  man  praying  before  a  large  book,  the  light  of  a  concealed  candle  striking  into  his 
face  and  evoking  the  lines  and  hollows  that  give  it  a  worn  and  weary  expression.  The  white  and  scattered 
locks,  the  roughened  cheeks,  the  knotted,  bony  hands,  have  been  copied  with  a  patient  enthusiasm  that 
recalls  the  Durer  of  old  and  the  Meissonier  of  to-day. 

Of  Alberto  Pasini.  there  is  "  A  Constantinople  Market."  C.  Van  Haanen,  an  Austro-Dutchman,  of  whom 
little  is  seen  in  this  country,  has  a  couple  of  faggot  gatherers,  a  woman  and  child,  who  form  a  picture  that 
in  treatment  recalls  Munkacsy,  though  it  is  more  careful.  The  Berne-Bellecour  is  a  French  soldier  in  gray 
fatigue  uniform,  with  red  cap  on  head,  standing  guard  with  drawn  sabre.  There  is  an  easy  martial  pose, 
and  the  figure  is  detached  with  rare  skill  from  the  drill  ground,  heights  and  barracks  that  appear  beyond. 
Hamilton  Gibson's  water  color  shows  the  Connecticut  hills  and  vales  that  he  fihds  near  his  home  ;  copious 
foliage  and  ground  growth,  a  distant  house  or  so,  a  bright  sky  ;  in  all,  serenity  and  content.  Hoboken, 
with  its  wealth  of  smells  and  trying  populace,  has  in  its  Elysian  Fields  one  of  the  rarest  sketching  grounds 
within  fifty  miles  of  New  York,  though  civilization  is  beginning  to  prose  along  its  water  front.  Abandoned 
boats,  whose  holds  still  shelter  the  needy  and  unwashed,  and  ancient  after-cabins  dragged  from  the  hulKs 
and  set  up  on  either  side  of  a  narrow  lane,  where  humble  trades  are  carried  on,  invite  the  sketcher  and 
painter  to  put  their  picturesqueness  and  inconsistency  on  record  before  they  disappear.  Arthur  Quartley 
went  there  in  the  course  of  his  restless  search  for  subjects,  and  Mr.  Barrie  has  a  trophy  of  his  visit  in  the 
picture  of  an  old  wreck  moldering  on  the  muddy  beach,  with  a  well-rendered  bit  of  distance  behind — grate- 
ful yet  forcible  in  grays. 

Mr.  Barrie  has  also  made  a  careful  selection  of  water  colors.  Among  the  principal  names  are  :  Arthur 
Quartley,  W.  Hamilton  Gibson,  Charles  Mente,  Delancey  Gill,  G.  C.  Curran,  G.  Vizzotto,  and  M.  Pagani, 
the  latter  a  magnificent  piece  of  coloring,  representing  a  feast  day  in  Venice,  showing  a  brilliant  group 
of  people  in  a  market  place. 

MR.  GEORGE  C.  BARCLAY'S  COLLECTION. 

An  interesting  collection  of  some  thirty-five  numbers  is  that  of  Mr.  George  C,  Barclay,  of  No.  160  Remsen 
street.  It  is  princ'pally  made  up  of  the  works  of  foreign  artists,  but  American  art  also  finds  a  prominent 
place  in  it.  Of  the  latter  David  Johnson,  Inness,  Wyant,  Edward  Moran,  Wiggins,  M.  F.  H.  DeHaas  and  J. 
G.  Brown  are  well  represented,  and  hang  fearlessly  alongside  Troyon,  Corot,  Jacque  and  Diaz  and  other 
European  masters.  In  fact,  Mr.  Barclay  is  remarkably  cosmopolitan  in  his  art,  and  believes  in  possessing 
whatever  is  beautiful  in  art  rather  than  in  narrowing  his  taste  and  scope  to  certain  phases  of  it. 

The  Carleton  Wiggins  example  shows  a  flock  of  sheep  flecked  with  sunshine.  It  evinces  careful  study 
of  animal  life,  and  in  both  tone  and  technique  is  one  of  the  best  pictures  this  artist  has  sent  from  his  easel. 
Another  painting  of  sheep,  by  Anton  Mauve,  is  hung  on  the  opposite  wall.  It  is  early  evening  and  the 
shepherd  is  driving  his  flock  into  the  fold  for  the  night.  Everything  is  still  and  subdued  ;  no  breeze  waves 
the  leafless  branches  that  stand  out  against  the  cold,  gray  sky.  Day  is  dead  ;  night  is  not  yet  born. 
Although  Mr.  Barclay  has  many  excellent  canvases,  this  one  ought  to  be  given  the  place  of  honor  as  the 
gem  of  his  collection.  In  the  breadth  of  execution,  simplicity  of  material,  and  close  observations  of  the 
variations  of  nature  which  characterize  Mauve's  later  works,  this  is  one  of  his  masterpieces. 

The  Corot  is  one  of  that  artist's  middle  period,  before  he  begain  to  paint  his  famous  silver-grays.  It  is 
soft  and  full  of  tender  feeling.  The  Diaz  is  remarkable  for  its  depth  and  strength.  It  is  a  somewhat 
sombre  autumn  scene,  a  woodland  road,  the  light  falling  in  a  broad  patch  in  the  centre  of  the  picture.  The 
Troyon  is  an  excellent  example  of  cattle,  to  the  excellence  of  which  the  landscape  is  subordinated.  The 
Jacque  is  a  small  canvas,  but  strong  and  poetic.  It  is  an  evening  scene,  with  sheep  coming  down  to  drink 
at  the  stream  in  the  foreground. 


LITERATURE    AND    THE    FINE    ARTS.  807 

The  landscapes  by  Inness  and  Wyant  are  both  important  works,  painted  on  commission  but  a  few  years 
ago.  Both  possess  all  the  best  points  of  these  famous  landscapists,  and  no  better  examples  of  their  brushes 
are  to  be  found.  They  are  both  large  canvases.  "The  Secret,"  by  Merle,  cleverly  contrasts  the  modeling 
and  flesh  coloring  of  a  deep  brunette  and  a  blonde  and  that  of  a  child.  The  figures  are  beautiful,  and  the 
lines  and  folds  of  their  drapery  and  the  scheme  of  color  are  remarkably  skillful  and  harmonious.  Orison's 
"The  Beggar's  Song"  is  a  little  canvas  in  which  ten  figures  are  prettily  posed.  It  is  a  brilliant  garden 
party,  in  which  the  gaiety  is  arrested  for  a  moment  by  the  appearance  of  a  tattered  old  beggar  in  the  fore- 
ground. Another  little  figure  picture,  great  in  its  clever  limning  of  facial  expression,  is  "  The  Connoisseurs," 
by  L.  G.  Brillouin.  Gerome  is  represented  by  the  single  figure  of  an  old  French  juge  d' instruction,  in  "  Deep 
Thought,"  which  is  the  title  ;  and  a  Tamburini  by  an  old  monk  leaning  back  in  his  leather  chair  and  finding 
"Solid  Comfort"  in  his  pipe. 

Among  other  important  works  which  limitation  of  space  forbids  mentioning  to  the  length  their  merits 
would  warrant,  are  an  excellent  landscape  by  David  Johnson;  "The  Rat  Hunt,"  by  David  Col;  a 
Verboeckhoven  landscape  with  sheep  and  poultry,  very  cleverly  executed  ;  a  grand  example  of  A.  Passani's 
color  in  "A  Persian  Market;"  "Cows,"  by  T.  Sydney  Cooper,  of  London;  horse  in  a  stable  by  W.  Ver- 
schuur,  which  shows  close  study  and  skillful  handling;  a  glow  of  bold  coloring  in  a  garden  party  by 
Monticelli ;  a  good  cow  picture  by  Carleton  Wiggins  called  "The  Summer  Storm  ;"  "Teaching  the  Black- 
bird," by  Jiminez  Y.  Aranda,  and  view  of  distant  Paris  by  A.  VoUon.  "The  Music  Lesson,"  painted  in 
Rome  by  Guerra,  will  arrest  the  attention  for  some  time,  and  there  is  one  of  J.  G.  Brown's  famous  figure 
pieces  called  "  Too  Old  to  Mend."  For  its  color  and  strength,  "  A  Pool  in  the  Adirondacks,"  by  W.  Casi- 
lear,  is  worthy  of  mention,  and  the  Hagborg,  "  The  First  Born,"  showing  a  coast  scene  with  boatman  and 
wife  and  baby,  and  cold  water  and  cold  sky,  will  bear  careful  scrutiny,  It  is  in  every  way  an  excellent 
example.  Other  notable  works  are  "  Preparing  for  the  Chase,"  by  Charles  Van  Falen  ;  "Contemplation," 
by  Leon  Y.  Escosura  ;  "  Tara's  Harp,"  by  Isno  Kemendy  ;  farm  scene  by  Eniile  Lambinet,  in  which  the 
willows  stand  out  so  powerfully  that  you  can  feel  them  wave  in  the  light  breeze  ;  "  Morning,  Casco  Bay," 
by  Edward  Moran  ;  "  Sunset  on  the  Coast  of  France,"  by  M.  F.  H.  DeHaas ;  and  a  spirited  water  color 
by  Detaille. 

It  wdl  be  seen  that  with  but  very  few  exceptions  all  these  canvases  bear  the  names  of  artists  of  renown, 
and  furthermore  they  are  as  excellent  examples  of  their  works  as  could  be  obtained. 

THE  LATE   EDWARD  A.  SECCOMB'S  COLLECTION. 

The  late  Edward  A.  Seccomb,  of  whose  life  a  sketch  appears  elsewhere,  was  a  most  enthusiastic 
American.  He  carried  his  patriotism  even  into  his  home,  and  as  Claude  Melnotte  says  in  his  wooing 
of  "  The  Lady  of  Lyons,"  "  We'll  have  no  friends  that  are  not  lovers,"  so  this  American  gentleman  said 
of  his  taste  for  art  :  "  I  love  best  the  gems  produced  by  my  countrymen."  His  may  be  called,  therefore, 
an  American  collection.  He  had  but  few  examples  of  the  works  of  foreign  artists.  But  his  collection 
bristles  with  the  efforts  of  the  best  brushwork  this  country  has  yet  produced.  Among  their  names  are 
Harry  Chase,  Edmund  C.  Tarbell,  Carleton  Wiggins,  C.  Harry  Eaton,  Fred  S.  Cozzens,  Mrs.  Julia  Dillon, 
C.  Morgan  Mcllheney,  C,  Melville  Dewey,  Walter  Blackmore,  F.  S.  Church,  D.  W.  Tryon,  W.  Bliss  Baker, 
Leonard  Ochtman  (a  Dutchman  who  has  adopted  this  country,  or  has  been  adopted  by  it),  G.  H.  Smith, 
George  Inness,  F.  A.  Bridgman,  Kate  Langdon,  Francis  C.  Jones,  VV.  Hamilton  Gibson,  A.  F.  Tait,  Alfred 
Kappes,  C.  Y.  Turner,  Eastman  Johnson,  Henry  Mosler,  Will  H.  Low,  W.  L.  Palmer,  Elliot  Dangerfield,  J. 
Francis  Murphy,  Professor  Niemeyer,  Harriet  B.  Kellogg.  E.  H.  Blashfield,  H.  Bolton  Jones,  R.  M.  Shurt- 
leff,  A.  H.  Wyant,  Joseph  Lyman,  ^Varren  Shepherd,  F.  Hopkinson  Smith,  G.  H.  Smillie,  and  Homer 
Martin. 

These  well-known  names  are  in  themselves  sufficient  to  demonstrate  the  value  and  importance  of  this 
collection,  and  Mr.  Seccomb  hoped  that  in  course  of  time  it  might  become  one  of  the  important  American 
collections  of  the  country.  The  "  Marine,"  by  Harry  Chase,  a  scene  off  New  Bedford,  called  "  Running  Free," 
was  etched  by  Leon  Moran,  some  time  ago,  and  is  therefore  familiar.  But  those  who  have  seen  it  in  black 
and  white  only  will  deem  it  a  privilege  to  see  in  the  original  the  life  and  color  and  breezy  atmosphere 
which  are  its  charm.  The  Tarbell  picture,  "  After  the  Ball,"  took  the  Thomas  B.  Clarke  prize  at  the 
New  York  Academy  of  Design,  in  1890.  It  is  a  single  figure,  excellent  in  anatomy  and  in  the  conveyance 
of  the  expression  of  thought,  and  also  in  its  novel  scheme  of  light.  The  landscape  and  cattle  by  Wiggins, 
in  its  clever  drawing  and  tender  morning  atmosphere,  is  worthy  to  hang  with  the  Troyons  and  Van  Marckes. 
There  is  another  of  his,  equally  meritorious,  of  twilight  with  sheep.  Harry  Eaton's  picture  is  of  an  early 
morning,  saturated  with  dew  ;  and  for  sweet  poetry  there  is  scarcely  anything  to  compare  with  the  shep- 
herdess with  the  lamb  which  hangs  next  to  it,  which  is  one  of  the  dainty  conceptions  of  F.  S.  Church. 

Bliss  Baker,  who  made  a  name  by  the  time  he  was  twenty-one  and  then  was  taken  away,  has  one  of  his 
best  works  in  this  collection.     The  Inness  was  painted  as  late  as  1888,  and  possesses,  as  do  all  his  works, 


8o8 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


an  undying  charm  of  pastoral  beauty.  D.  W.  Tryon  is  said  to  be  one  of  the  coming  men  of  American 
art  and  this  example  of  his  work  stands  a  chance  of  becoming  valuable.  Ochtman's  "  Early  Morning  " 
shows  a  Corot  delicacy  and  gentleness,  and  there  is  another  fine  picture  of  his  called  "  A  Passing  Cloud." 
Of  F  \  Bridgman  there  is  a  splendid  example,  a  scene  of  Eastern  life  painted  to  order  in  1883.  There  are 
two  pictures  by  Bolton  Jones  (a  particularly  good  one  called  "  Early  Spring  "),  and  also  two  by  his  brother, 
Francis  C.  Jones.  Kate  Langdon,  who  was  a  pupil  of  Bolton  Jones,  is  also  seen  in  two  excellent  land- 
scapes. Most  of  these  pictures  are  too  well  known  to  need  description.  There  is,  for  instance,  C.  Y.  Turner's 
"  The  Song  ;  "  it  should  be  called  "  The  Singer,"  but  for  the  clever  effect  by  which  the  song  is  made  to  fill, 
not  only  the  enthusiasm  of  the  pretty  woman  who  sings,  but  the  whole  of  her  surroundings.  Then  there  is 
Alfred  Kappes'  little  picture,  "  Mending  his  Ways,"  a  white  headed  negro  with  a  well-worn  sock  on  his 
hand;  Eastman  Johnson's  "Girl  with  a  Rabbit,"  and  Bricher's  "Home  of  the  Gulls,"  and  scene  off  the 


Cattle  and  Landscape,  by  Carleton  Wiggins. 

marine  coast  near  Bar  Harbor.  There  are  two  very  good  examples  of  Smillie's  best  work  in  landscape,  and 
Tait's  sketch  of  Adirondack  scenery  is  of  great  merit.  Mosler  shows  a  carefully  painted  picture  of  a 
female  head,  and  Will  H.  Low  a  study  in  pink,  a  pretty  girl  gathering  field  poppies.  The  Palmer  picture 
is  a  lovely  little  snow  scene,  and  Elliot  Dangerfield's  representative  is  a  splendid  realization  of  the  glorious 
color  effects  of  vari-colored  chrysanthemums.  Warren  Sheppard,  "the  Brooklyn  Boy,"  is  of  course  well 
represented  in  this  American  gallery,  and  almost  equally  of  course  it  is  by  a  scene  under  the  dreamy  skies 
of  the  Adriatic.  Blashfield's  picture  is  a  bold  design  in  color  of  three  cleverly  drawn  girls  dancing  on 
juicy  grapes  with  their  shapely  feet  to  press  them  into  wine — another  contribution  of  a  successful  Brooklyn 
artist.  There  are  a  number  of  good  pictures  by  other  prominent  artists  of  the  day  :  A  little  gem  by  J.  M. 
Barnsley,  one  of  W.  L.  Bradford's  "Land  of  the  Midnight  Sun,"  a  figure  piece  by  J.  H.  Witt,  and  another  by 
Rudolph  Epp  ;  a  Van  Schaick  that  resembles  a  Vibert,  and  in  some  respects  is  superior  in  execution  ;  two 
examples  of  W.  L.  Peckwell ;  a  lovely  picture  of  a  June  morning  by  M.  Waterman  ;  a  still,  quiet  pool  in  the 
Adirondacks,  with  beautiful  effects,  by  A.  H.  Wyant ;  a  Spanish  piece  by  Josu  Jiminez  ;  a  Siddons  Mowbray 
called  "  The  Siesta,"  in  which  the  modeling  of  the  two  girls  is  remarkably  fine  ;  a  Gessa  fruit-piece,  glorious 
in  delicate  coloring  (the  only  example  of  this  artistic  work  in  the  country);  and  a  Kowalski  called  "The 
Polish  Lisurgents,"  which  is  a  country  scene  in  which  every  person  and  every  animal  is  full  of  life  and 
motion,  and  the  seriousness  of  the  marauders  is  tempered  with  the  spice  of  humor. 

In  every  respect  the  collection  is  one  of  which  Brooklyn  may  well  be  proud,  both  for  its  merit  and  for 
the  fact  that  it  was  gathered  by  one  who  was  a  most  liberal  patron  of  native  art.  This  account  of  it  was 
prepared  with  Mr.  Seccomb's  cooperation,  before  his  death. 


LITERATURE    AND    THE    FINE    ARTS.  809 


MUSICAL    DEVELOPMENT. 

That  the  inhabitants  of  Broolilyn  are  and  liave  been  a  music-loving  people  is  a  statement  which  needs  no 
argument  or  proof.  Although  little  record  has  been  made  of  the  earlier  associations  and  clubs  devoted  to 
the  cultivation  of  musical  art  and  taste,  yet  we  may  believe  that  this  was  rather  due  to  a  general  poverty  of 
chronicles  and  chroniclers  than  to  any  lack  of  material.  Unfortunately,  however,  that  material  was  suffered 
to  be  lost.  From  the  time  that  de  Beauvois,  the  schoolmaster,  taught  the  choir  of  the  ancient  Dutch 
church  to  fit  the  sacred  strains  of  psalm  tunes,  approved  by  the  Synod  of  Dortrecht,  to  the  intricacies  of 
the  Hollandish  vocabulary;  from  the  days  when  the  children  of  all  the  "Vans  "and  the  "  sens  "  made 
melody  in  praise  of  St.  Nicholas  around  the  Christmas  fire,  to  the  time  of  oratorios  and  symphonies  of  glee 
clubs  and  philharmonic  societies,  of  operas  and  concerts,  Brooklyn  has  fostered  the  love  of  music  and  has 
multiplied  opportunities  for  its  study  and  enjoyment. 

About  the  first  and  almost  the  only  early  association  of  any  prominence  about  which  we  have  accurate 
information  was  the  Brooklyn  Sacred  Music  Society,  which  gave  the  oratorios  of  "Samson"  and  the 
"Messiah"  at  Plymouth  Church,  and  performed  the  "Seven  Sleepers"  of  Karl  Lowe  in  the  hall  of  the  old 
academy  on  the  site  of  the  present  Packer  Institute.  Of  this  society  the  late  Luther  B.  Wyman  was  presi- 
dent and  Paul  K.  Weitzel  was  musical  conductor. 

The  organization  of  the  Philharmonic  Society  marked  a  new  era  in  the  musical  life  of  Brooklyn. 
The  initiatory  steps  were  taken  in  1857.  Theretofore  Brooklyn  had  been  dependent  mainly  upon  New 
York  for  instrumental  music  of  a  high  grade.  The  New  York  society  was  organized  by  the  musicians,  who 
divided  the  net  receipts  among  themselves.  If  they  were  successful,  theirs  was  the  gain  ;  but  if  unprofitable 
pecuniarily,  the  loss  was  borne  by  the  individual  members.  As  the  principal  performers  resided  in  New 
York,  Brooklyn  was  dependent  upon  its  sister  city  for  them,  and  they  declined  to  play  unless  regularly 
employed  and  guaranteed  the  payment  of  their  salaries,  an  arrangement,  by  the  way,  which  continued  until 
within  a  year  past.  On  the  evening  of  April  15,  1857,  a  company  of  gentlemen  met,  pursuant  to  notice,  at 
the  Brooklyn  Athenaeum  to  organize  an  association  for  the  purpose  of  giving  Brooklyn  a  series  of  musical 
concerts  similar  to  those  so  long  enjoyed  by  the  citizens  of  New  York  under  the  auspices  of  their 
Philharmonic  Society.  A  committee,  composed  of  Luther  B.  Wyman,  Robert  R.  Raymond,  John  Green- 
wood, Edward  Whitehouse,  Carl  Prox,  Leopold  Bierwith  and  Mr.  Spies,  was  appointed  to  draft  a  plan  of 
organization  and  a  constitution.  On  May  5  the  committee  reported,  about  one  hundred  persons  being 
present.  Professor  Raymond  presented  a  constitution,  which  was  adopted,  and  a  committee  appointed  to 
nominate  a  board  of  directors.  The  report  having  been  accepted,  the  board  in  turn  elected  Mr.  Luther  B. 
\Vyman  president  of  the  society  with  Edward  Whitehouse,  treasurer.  The  first  e.xecutive  committee  was 
composed  of  Messrs.  Charles  Congdon,  P.  K.  Weitzel,  George  C.  Ripley,  W.  M.  Newell  and  Charles  A. 
Townsend.  The  first  conductor  was  Theodore  Eisfeldt.  He  was  succeeded  by  Carl  Bergmann,  to  whom 
succeeded  Theodore  Thomas,  who  held  the  position  until  1891,  when  the  society  turned  over  the  entire 
management  to  the  Boston  Symphony  Society,  under  the  leadership  of  Arthur  Nikisch.  During  Mr. 
Thomas'  conductorship,  a  volunteer  chorus  of  nearly  five  hundred  voices  was  formed.  Mr.  Paul  Tidden 
had  principal  charge  of  this  chorus,  v/hich  produced  the  oratorios  of  "Elijah,"  the  "Creation,"  Bach's 
"  Cantata  "  and  other  important  works,  with  the  aid  of  the  grand  Philharmonic  orchestra.  Upon  the 
death  of  Mr.  Wyman,  Mr.  Henry  K.  Sheldon  was  chosen  president.  George  William  Warren,  then  organ- 
ist of  Holy  Trinity  Church,  and  now  of  St.  Thomas,  New  York,  was  for  many  years  chairman  of  the  music 
committee,  and  upon  his  removal  to  New  York  Horatio  C.  King  was  chosen  and  held  the  office  for  about 
ten  years,  when  he  retired  from  the  board.  Upon  the  chairman  of  that  committee  devolved  the  principal 
details  of  the  management.  The  history  of  the  Philharmonic  embraces  an  almost  uninterrupted  period  of 
success,  the  large  income  being  devoted  to  the  employment  of  the  best  vocal  and  instrumental  talent 
almost  without  regard  to  cost.  The  concerts  were  always  attended  by  the  most  cultured  audiences,  and 
for  a  generation  were  the  principal  musical  feature  of  the  city. 

Organ  Concerts  may  be  said  to  have  practically  originated  in  Plymouth  Church,  in  1866,  when  the 
church  purchased  what  was  then  the  largest  and  most  improved  church  organ  in  this  country,  second  only 
in  size  to  the  imported  organ  in  Boston  Music  Hall.  The  use  of  this  magnificent  instrument,  built  by 
Hook  of  Boston,  with  its  four  organs  and  fifty-two  speaking  stops,  was  not  to  be  confined  to  Sabbath 
worship  only.  Henry  Ward  Beecher,  with  his  usual  liberal  spirit,  resolved  that  it  should  be  made  to  serve 
the  public  as  an  educator  in  the  best  organ  music.  One  series  of  concerts  was  given  in  1S67.  In  1869 
the  project  was  resumed  with  brilliant  success,  and  was  continued  for  five  years,  during  which  were  heard 
the  leading  organists  in  Brooklyn,  New  York,  Boston,  Philadelphia,  Rochester,  Montreal,  Toronto  and 
other  large  cities.     An  interesting  and  instructive  feature  of  the  programme  was  a  brief  biography  of  each 


gio  THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 

composer  presented,  or  a  description  of  the  composition  performed.  Tiie  e.xample  thus  set  was  imitated 
all  over  the  country,  and  the  organ  was  popularized  and  enjoyed  in  a  manner  hitherto  unknown  in  the 
United  States.  Staid  churches  threw  open  their  doors  and  the  people  had  an  opportunity  to  witness  the 
possibilities  of  this  most  magnificent  of  instruments ;  among  them  the  Tabernacle  (Dr.  Talmage's), 
Trinity  and  Grace  Episcopal  churches  in  New  York,  and  the  edifices  of  other  prominent  religious  corpora- 
tions. Although  the  programmes  were  chiefly  of  organ  music,  variety  was  given  by  the  introduction  of 
vocal  and  instrumental  soloists,  some  of  them  already  noted  and  who  have  since  become  famous  upon  the 
lyric  stage. 

The  Seidl  Society  was  organized  in  1889,  its  leading  spirit  being  Mrs.  Laura  C.  Holloway  (now  Mrs. 
Langford),  who  secured  the  support  of  a  large  number  of  prominent  ladies  in  carrying  out  a  plan  to  have  a 
series  of  concerts  in  the  Academy  of  Music  by  the  orchestra  under  the  leadership  of  Anton  Seidl  and  to  in- 
crease the  attendance  at  the  summer  concerts  at  Brighton  Beach.  Incidentally  a  fund  was  provided  to  en- 
tertain poor  children  at  a  sea-side  home  at  Coney  Island,  and  facilities  were  afforded  to  working  girls  for 
the  enjoyment  of  the  privileges  of  the  society,  including  both  music  and  recreation.  The  receptions  by  the 
society,  composed  of  ladies,  have  been  most  unique  and  interesting.  Notable  among  the  performances  under 
the  auspices  of  the  society  was  the  production  of  portions  of  "Parsifal,"  by  permission  of  Cosima  Wagner. 

There  are  other  musical  associations  of  note,  and  at  the  head  of  the  list  is  The  Amateur  Opera 
Association.  This  association  has  been  in  existence  for  about  ten  years,  and,  as  its  name  implies,  is  com- 
posed solely  of  amateurs  ;  but  as  its  character  is  essentially  dramatic  the  sketch  of  the  association  is  placed 
with  those  of  the  dramatic  societies  in  the  chapter  on  The  Stage. 

Besides  these  there  are  a  large  number  of  societies  of  a  greater  or  less  degree  of  prominence.  The 
Amphion  Society,  a  chorus  of  mixed  voices  recruited  chiefly  from  the  eastern  part  of  the  city,  has  had  a 
career  of  special  usefulness.  Its  officers  for  1892  were  :  Henry  A.  Powell,  president ;  J .  H.  Darlington,  vice- 
president ;  Eugene  AV.  Gombers,  recording  secretary;  C.  A.  Eabry,  financial  secretary;  W.  H.  Neidlinger, 
musical  director.  The  Apollo  Club,  a  male  chorus  composed  of  amateurs,  has  had  exceptional  popu- 
larity, and  its  subscription  concerts  have  rivaled  the  Philharmonic  in  point  of  numbers  and  brilliancy.  Its 
officers  are  Carll  H.  De  Silver,  president ;  Daniel  Wescoat,  secretary,  and  Dudley  Buck,  director  of  music. 
The  Brooklyn  Choral  Society,  which  was  organized  for  the  production  of  oratorios  and  other  composi- 
tions of  the  highest  class,  has  a  strong  hold  upon  popular  favor.  Its  presentation  of  the  "  Messiah  "  at  the 
Tabernacle  in  1892  was  a  notable  success..  Its  chief  managers  are  Henry  E.  Hutchinson,  president ;  William 
H.  Williams,  vice-president ;  Clement  Lockitt,  treasurer ;  Dexter  M.  Swaney,  secretary  of  the  subscribing 
members  ;  Frederick  C.  Buys,  secretary  of  the  active  members,  and  C.  M.  Wiske,  musical  director.  The 
Brooklyn  Cecilian,  Mr.  Albert  S.  Caswell,  director,  is  a  mixed  chorus  of  about  eight  hundred  young 
voices,  chiefly  recruited  from  the  public  schools,  and  has  performed  a  most  excellent  work  in  the  training 
of  children  at  a  nominal  charge.  It  was  organized  in  1881.  Mr.  Caswell  has  the  assistance  of  William  B. 
Goate.,  Charles  S.  Yerbury  and  Joseph  A.  Campbell. 

The  remaining  societies  are  :  The  Arion  Maennerchor — Peter  Bertsch,  president ;  H.  B.  Scharmann, 
honorary  president  ;  Louis  Zoellner,  Gottfried  G.  Kaufmann,  secretaries,  ^^lolian — Benjamin  R.  Western, 
president ;  Henry  F.  Herkner,  vice-president ;  Otto  A.  Draudt,  secretary.  Brooklyn  Maennerchor — 
Fred  Beyer,  president;  W.  E.  Blossfeld,  secretary;  Julius  Bode,  musical  director.  Membership,  75. 
CiECELiA  Ladies'  Vocal  Society — Mrs.  Bernard  Peters,  president ;  Mrs.  Joseph  F.  Knapp,  vice-president ; 
Mrs.  Alvah  G.  Brown,  recording  secretary ;  Mrs.  Wm.  E.  Kuster,  financial  secretary ;  Mrs.  John  S.  King, 
corresponding  secretary;  Mrs.  Geo.  Essig,  treasurer;  W.  H.  Neidlinger,  musical  director.  Cecilia — 
William  Schroeder,  president ;  Gustav  Traubmann,  secretary;  Frank  Joa,  treasurer  ;  Ernest  Sharpf,  musical 
director.  Chester  Glee  Club — William  H.  Nichols,  president  ;  Nathaniel  B.  Hoxie,  Jr.,  vice-president ; 
Wm.  J.  Clark,  secretary;  Abiel  Wood,  treasurer.  Concordia  Maennerchor — Henry  Shirk,  president ; 
Hugo  Meyer,  vice-president;  Wm.  Essberger,  recording  secretary;  Wm.  Werneburg,  corresponding  secre- 
tary; Chas.  Noll,  financial  secretary.  Concordia  Quartette  Club — Fritz  Brink,  president ;  Chas.  Mild- 
ner,  secretary  ;  Chas.  Wonneberger,  director.  Concordia  Quartette — Charles  Stucker,  president ;  William 
Dassau,  vice-president  ;  Theodore  Bock,  secretary;  A.  Fehmel,  financial  secretary.  Concordia  Singing 
Society — Bernard  Diester,  president  ;  F.  Bock,  secretary  ;  H.  Nekeman,  financial  secretary  ;  F.  Bischoff, 
treasurer.  Church  Music  Society — A  new  organization.  Prof.  Charles  S.  Morse,  organist  of  Plymouth 
Church,  musical  director.  Deutscher  Liederkranz — A.  H.  Tieman,  president  ;  H.  Friedlander,  secre- 
tary. Euterpe — Dudley  R.  Andrews,  president;  George  Rawden,  secretary;  W.  H.  Hoschke,  treasurer ; 
C.  Mortimer  Wiske,  musical  director.  Harmonia— Carl  Becker,  president  ;  Paul  Fiebig,  secretary.  Hes- 
sischer  Saengerbund — Ditmas  Lange,  president ;  Henry  Berehl,  conductor.  Monday  Night  Chorus — 
R.  W.  Bainbridge,  president  ;  John  R.  Benner,  Jr.,  secretary  ;  Arthur  Claasen,  musical  director.  Oratorien 
Gesellschaft — Ernst  Lasche,  president  ;  Guenther  Kiesewelter,  director.  Prospect  Heights  Choral 
Society — Mrs,  Frank  Mulford,  secretary  ;   F.  Irving  Crane,  musical  director.     Saengerbund — George  Rehn, 


LITERATURE   AND    THE    FINE    ARTS. 


8ii 


president;  Ferdinand  Roth  and  John  Brune,  vice-presidents  ;  Jacob  Michaelis,  corresponding  secretary ; 
C.  H.  Kohehaas,  recording  secretary;  T.  G.  Rohrbery,  treasurer.  The  Saengeruund  Male  Chorus  is 
the  most  prosperous  German  society,  and  is  a  pioneer  in  the  musical  contests  with  sister  societies  from 
other  cities.  Schwabischer  Saengerbund— Carl  Eichman,  president;  E.  F.  Kunzelman,  secretary; 
August  Bischoff,  musical  director.  Social  Quartette  Club— Leopold  Hartner,  president;'  John  Geh- 
ring,  treasurer ;  John  Munz,  financial  secretary.  United  Singers  of  Brooklyn— Simon  K.  Saenger, 
president;  Charles  T.  Vorgang,  vice-president ;  Bernhard  Klein,  secretary  ;  EmilWildner,  financial  secre- 
tary ;  Samuel  Wandelt,  treasurer  ;  H.  Friedlaender,  librarian ;  Gunther  Kieswelter,  musical  director. 
Williamsburgh  Saengerbund— Charles  Vorgang,  president;  Louis  Berton,  secretary.  Zoellner  Maen- 
nerchor — A.  W.  Newman,  president. 

Robert  Thallon  is  a  musician  who  has  won  the  praise  of  critics  as  a  piano  performer  and  instructor 
of  remarkable  skill.     He  was  born  at  Liverpool  on  March  i8,  1852.     The  family  moved  to  Brooklyn  a  year 


or  two  after  the  birth  of  their  son  Robert,  and  he  lived  here  until  1864.  In  that  year  he  returned  to  Europe 
and  studied  music,  until  1875.  While  abroad  he  was  a  pupil  at  the  great  centres  of  education  on  the  conti- 
nent; at  Leipsic  he  was  taught  the  pianist's  art  by  Wenzel,  Coccius  and  Jadassohn;  he  became  an  accom- 
plished organist  under  the  instruction  of  Volckmar,  of  Homburg;  he  mastered  the  chief  of  all  musical  in- 
struments under  the  tuition  of  such  eminent  violinists  as  David,  Routgen  and  Hermann  of  Leipsic,  Keller, 
of  Stuttgart,  and  Baur,  of  Paris;  harmony  and  composition  he  pursued  at  Leipsic,  Hamburg  and  in  England, 
under  Jadassohn,  Volckmar  and  Hatton  ;  and  his  voice  was  cultivated  at  Florence,  Leipsic,  Milan  and  New 
York,  by  Vannuncini,  Gloggner,  Nava,  Romani  and  Henschel.  This  varied  education  has  been  utilized  by 
Mr.  Thallon  principally  as  a  means  to  broaden  his  work  as  a  teacher  of  piano  playing,  that  being  the  essence 
of  his  life-work.     He  labors  in  his  profession  because  he  loves  it  and  not  because  of  the  necessity  that  so 


8i2  THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 

often  becomes  an  excuse  for  imperfection.  Witli  his  pupils  his  instruction  is  aimed  to  inspire  the  artistic 
idea  and  musical  sense  rather  tlian  to  impart  sheer  technique,  preferring  the  practical  to  the  mechanical 
understanding.  Those  who  possess  to  an  unusual  extent  inherent  taste,  reproductive  memory,  and  powers 
of  imagination,  are  given  a  thorough  course  of  training  in  every  branch  of  the  art,  and  in  each  case  Mr. 
Thallon  develops,  as  far  as  is  possible,  the  individuality  of  his  student.  At  most  of  the  more  important 
musical  events  in  Brooklyn  he  figures  prominently,  and  is  one  of  the  best  known  musicians  in  the  city. 

In  Dudley  Buck  the  city  of  Brooklyn  claims  a  musician  whose  reputation  extends  over  his  native 
land  and  Europe.     His  ancestors  were  the  Winthrops,  Dudleys  and  Adamses,  of  New  England.    He  was  born 
on  March  lo,  1839,  in  Hartford,  and  early  manifested  a  taste  for  music.    While  a  student  at  Trinity  College 
in  his  native  city  he  was  offered  the  post  of  organist  at  St,  John's  Episcopal  Church  and  in  that  capacity 
earned  his  first  money  as  a  musician.    In  1S58  he  was  sent  to  Europe  to  acquire  a  complete  musical  educa- 
tion.    He  studied  at  the  Leipsic  Conservatory  in  fellowship  with  Carl  Rosa,  Arthur  Sullivan  and  others 
who   have   since  become  eminent  as    musicians.      Moritz   Hauptmann   taught   him   harmony   and    Ernst 
Frederick  Richter  composition.     He  mastered  the  piano  under  the  guidance  of    Moscheles  and  Plaidy, 
while  Julius  Rietz,  the  associate  and   companion  of   Mendelssohn,  instructed   him    in  orchestration.     At 
Dresden  he  perfected  himself  in  organ  music  under  the  direction  of  the  famous  Johann  Gottlieb  Schneider. 
After  spending  three  years  in  Germany  Mr.  Buck  passed  twelve  months  in  Paris  and  returned  to  America 
in  December,  1S62.     He  accepted  an  organist's  position  in  the  North  Congregational  Church  at  Hartford 
and  was  soon  surrounded  by  a  large  class  of  pupils.     His  father  died  in  1867  and  Dudley  Buck  bade  good- 
bye to  Hartford  in  1869.     Prior  to  this  he  had  acquired  a  national  reputation  through  the  series  of  organ 
concerts  which  he  gave  throughout  the  country  in  1864.     On  these  occasions  he  performed  many  works  of 
his  own  composition  and  succeeded,  as  few  others  have  ever  done,  in  popularizing  classical  music.     From 
Hartford  he  moved  to  Chicago  to  undertake  the  direction  of  the  choir  of  St.  James'  P.  E.  Church.     After 
the  great  fire  of  1 87 1  he  became  organist  at  St.  Paul's  Church  and  at  Music  Hall,  Boston.    Here  his  work  and 
personality  drew  the  attention  of  Theodore  Thomas  who,  in  his  concerts,  gave  prominence  to  some  of  Mr. 
Buck's  compositions  and,  in  1875,  offered  their  author  an  appointment  as  assistant  conductor  at  the  summer 
concerts   in   Central  Park  Garden.     Prior  to  entering  upon   his   new  duties   Mr.  Buck  accompanied  Mr. 
Thomas  to  the  Cincinnati  Musical  festival.     His  engagement  with  Mr.  Thomas  lasted   for  one  summer, 
when  the  concerts  at  Central  Park  Garden  terminated  and  Mr.  Buck  was  called  upon  to  compose  the  music 
for  Sidney  Lanier's  cantata,  "The  Centennial  Meditation  of  Columbia,"  wdiich  was  sung,  under  Thomas' 
direction,  at  the  opening  of  the  Philadelphia  exhibition  in  May,  1876.     In  1878  Mr.  Buck  became  organist 
and  choirmaster  in  Holy  Trinity  Church  in  Brooklyn,  where  he  has  since  remained.     To  his  efforts  is  due 
the  existence  of  the  famous  Apollo  Club  of  Brooklyn,  and  many  of  his  best  known  scores  have  been  written 
for  its  benefit.     Mr.  Buck's  first  published  works  were  in  the  line  of  sacred  music. 

John  Hyatt  Brewer  is  one  of  the  younger  composers  and  organists,  but  he  is  one  of  the  best 
known.  His  success  as  the  director  of  music  and  organist  at  the  Lafayette  Avenue  Presbyterian  Church 
during  the  past  thirteen  years  has  given  him  an  extended  reputation.  Mr.  Brewer  was  born  in  Brooklyn  on 
January  18,  1856,  of  Scotch-English  parentage.  Until  his  fifteenth  year  he  sang  in  boy  choirs,  and  studied 
music  under  Diller,  Navarro,  Caulfield  and  Whitely,  becoming  in  1877  a  pupil  of  Dudley  Buck  on  the  organ 
and  in  counterpoint  and  composition.  He  was  a  charter  member  of  the  Apollo  Club,  organized  in  1877, 
under  the  leadership  of  Dudley  Buck,  and  has  always  been  its  accompanist.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Music 
Club  of  New  York  and  the  Manuscript  Society,  and  is  a  director  in  the  department  of  music  in  the  Brooklyn 
Institute. 

As  a  musician  C.  Morti.mkr  Wiskk  has  won  a  reputation  which  long  has  been  more  than  local.  During 
his  twenty  years  residence  in  this  city  he  has  been  constantly  active  in  the  prosecution  of  his  profession. 
He  has  held  positions  as  organist  and  choirmaster  in  the  First  Reformed  Church,  Hanson  Place  Baptist 
Church,  Hanson  Place  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  and  Christ  Church,  Eastern  District  ;  and  during  the 
whole  period  of  his  service  in  these  several  situations  he  has  been  absent  from  his  post  only  one  Sunday, 
and  then  because  of  sickness.  Probably  no  one  else  in  the  United  States  has  displayed  more  activity  in 
organizing  musical  societies,  both  public  and  private  ;  in  1874  he  was  elected  conductor  of  the  Brooklyn 
Choral  Union,  and  remained  at  its  head  until  it  disbanded;  in  1880  he  established  the  Amphion  Musical 
Society,  consisting  of  a  male  chorus  and  an  amateur  orchestra,  and  continued  as  its  leader  for  eleven  years. 
He  was  the  promoter  and  manager  of  the  Amphion  Academy  Company,  and  he  organized  the  Caecelia  Ladies' 
Vocal  Society,  which  is  still  enjoying  an  active  existence.  Five  years  ago  he  was  elected  conductor  of  the 
Brooklyn  Choral,  then  a  glee  society  with  a  chorus  of  seventy-five  voices;  he  has  so  far  improved  its  affairs 
that  Its  chorus  now  numbers  400,  and  it  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  best  oratorio  societies  in  America.  Mr. 
Wiske's  activity  as  a  musician  has  extended  to  other  cities  than  this.  In  New  York  he  founded  the 
Orpheus  and  Schubert  clubs  and  the  New  York  Chorus  Society.  The  last  of  these  organizations  produced 
two  seasons  since  three  important  works,  none  of  which  had  ever  been  heard  in  the  United  States  before. 


1 


LITERATURE   AND    THE    FINE   ARTS. 


813 


C.  Mortimer  Wiske. 


From  the  active  management  of  these  societies  Mr. 
Wiske's  Brooklyn  engagements  have  compelled  his 
retirement.  For  the  four  years  prior  to  May  i,  1S.S5, 
he  was  chorus  master  under  Theodore  Thomas,  and 
had  charge  of  the  choruses  for  the  Wagner  festivals 
of  1884;  he  also  aided  in  training  the  choruses  for  the 
May  festival  at  the  7th  Regiment  armory  in  1SS2. 
The  Euterpe  Society  of  this  city  is  Mr.  Wiske's  latest 
creation.  It  is  an  offshoot  or  reorganization  of  the 
old  Amphion  Society,  but  is  larger  in  scope  than  its 
predecessor.  It  has  a  chorus  of  forty  male  voices  and 
an  orchestra  of  eighty-five  instruments.  Mr.  AViske 
conducts  societies  at  Westfield  and  Passaic,  N.  J.,  and 
his  services  as  a  conductor  are  much  \n  demand  in 
other  musical  centres  than  New  York  city.  C.  Mor- 
timer Wiske  was  born  at  Bennington,  Vt.,  on  January 
12,  1853,  but  when  he  was  si.\  months  old  his  parents 
removed  to  Troy,  N.  Y.,  where  he  received  his  early 
education.  His  musical  talent  developed  while  quite 
young,  and  when  twelve  years  old  he  was  appointed 
an  organist  at  Tibbett's  Chapel,  and  four  years  later 
he  was  engaged  as  organist  and  musical  conductor 
at  the  Church  of  the  Ascension  in  Troy,  where  he 
remained  until  his  removal  to  New  York  city  m  1S72. 
The  following  season  he  made  Brooklyn  his  perma- 
nent home. 

Pf.rlee  V.  Jervis  has  place  in  the  van  of  pianoforte  performers  and  mstrucLors  in  Brooklyn,  and 
musical  culture  in  the  city  has  derived  from  his  teachings  and  e.xhibitions  an  impetus  which  has  won  him 
distinction  in  the  profession.  Combined  with  native  talent,  that  genius  of  hard  work  which  is  invariably  a 
conqueror,  has  been  the  secret  of  his  success.  He  did  not  at  first  choose  the  calling  for  which  nature  had 
fitted  him,  but  devoted  himself  to  work  in  a  banking  house  until  his  artistic  inclination  asserted  itself  too 
strongly  to  be  resisted.  Then  he  became  a  student  of  the  piano  with  Dr.  AVilliam  Mason  and  Mrs.  yVgnes 
Morgan,  of  New  York,  as  his  instructors.  He  studied  theory  with  Dudley  Buck,  Brooklyn's  famed  organist 
and  composer.  For  twelve  years  he  has  been  a  teacher,  both  in  Brooklyn  and  New  York,  so  excelling  in  his 
method  of  imparting  instruction  that  it  became  necessary  for  him  to  relinquish  largely  his  work  as  a  concert 
pianist,  in  which  he  early  acquired  reputation.  His  playing  is  marked  by  accurate  interpretation,  sympa- 
thetic touch  and  artistic  refinement  in  the  shading  of  tones.  That  which  makes  him  excellent  as  a  performer 
renders  him  inspiring  as  a  teacher  ;  the  spirit  of  the  natural  musician  and  the  technique  of  the  student  are 
blended  felicitously  in  all  his  work  and  he  infuses  in  his  pupils  the  earnest,  the  enthusiasm,  and  the  ardor  in 
work  which  distinguishes  him.  His  studios  at  141  Montague  street,  Brooklyn,  and  Carnegie  Music  Hall, 
New  York,  are  the  resort  of  leaders  in  the  social  world  of  both  cities  and  the  list  of  his  pupils  includes  the 
names  of  many  of  the  most  prominent  families.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Brooklyn  Institute  department  of 
music  and  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  that  department.  He  is  identified  also  m  many  other  enterprises  for 
the  advancement  of  musical  culture.  He  is  a  contributor  to  the  literature  of  music  as  a  writer  for  T/ii: 
Etude,  of  Philadelphia,  and  Musical  Notes,  of  New  York.  Mr.  Jervis  was  born  in  Brooklyn  in  1858,  and 
traces  his  lineage  to  the  planting  in  America  of  the  Jervis  family,  early  in  colonial  times,  by  the  posterity  of 
that  Gervaise  who,  crossing  the  English  channel  with  William  the  Conqueror,  eventually  settled  in  Scotland 
and  was  the  progenitor  of  a  family  that  has  figured  for  hundreds  of  years  in  the  records  of  the  landed  gentry 
of  England  and  Scotland.  The  parents  of  Mr.  Jervis  are  H.  C.  S.  and  Mary  Jervis  and  he  is  their  eldest 
son.     He  married  Miss  Helen  Hutchinson,  of  Essex,  Conn.,  in   1S90,  and  their  home  is  at  141  Montague 

street. 

Frank  H.  Chandler. — For  more  than  two  decades  the  name  of  Chandler  has  been  associated  with 
music  and  musical  matters  in  Brooklyn,  and  Chandler's  piano  store  has  been  the  headquarters  of  the  leading 
choral  and  orchestral  societies  and  the  favorite  resort  of  musically  inclined  Brooklynites.  Mr.  Chandler  is 
practical  in  his  knowledge  of  the  mechanism  of  instruments,  having  in  early  life  served  his  full  term  of  ap- 
prenticeship and  worked  for  several  years  thereafter  on  both  church  and  parlor  organs,  and  also  on  pianos, 
thereby  becoming  familiar  with  every  detail  of  their  construction  and  gaining  that  knowledge  which  is 
so  essential  to  the  accurate  judgment  of  the  merits  of  the  article  in  which  he  deals.  He  was  born  at 
West  Randolph,  Vt.,  on  February  13,  1836,  being  one  of  a  family  of  eight  sons  and  five  daughters.    Both  he 


Su 


THE    EAGLE   AND    BROOKLYN. 


and  his  younger  brother,  Albert  B.  Chandler,  presi- 
dent of  the  Postal  Telegraph  Company,  are  enthusi- 
astic members  of  the  Brooklyn  Society  of  Vermonters. 
In  1861  he  enlisted  for  three  years  in  the  4th  Vermont 
volunteers  and  served  in  the  band  attached  to  his 
regiment  for  eleven  months,  at  the  end  of  which  time 
he  was  honorably  discharged  by  an  act  of  congress, 
which  abolished  regimental  bands.  From  that  time 
until  1865  he  was  in  the  national  government  service 
at  the  Springfield,  Mass.,  armory,  and  at  the  ordnance 
agency  in  New  York.  He  spent  the  two  years  imme- 
diately succeeding  the  termination  of  the  Civil  war  in 
a  manufacturing  establishment  in  Barnesville,  Ga.  In 
the  spring  of  1867  he  came  to  Brooklyn  and  at  once 
interested  himself  in  what  has  since  become  his  life- 
work,  and  in  1869  he  began  business  independently. 
During  all  this  time  he  has  represented  the  Chickering 
&  Sons'  pianos  and  at  present  he  has  in  addition  the 
Fischer,  Ivers  &  Pond,  Marshall  &  Wendell,  and 
many  other  cheaper  instruments.  He  is  recognized, 
throughout  his  e.xtensive  acquaintance,  as  a  man  of 
excellent  judgment,  of  the  highest  integrity,  and  as 
wholly  without  prejudice  as  human  nature  can  be. 
To  his  wise  counsel  and  unselfish  example  many 
younger  men  are  indebted,  in  part,  for  a  useful  and 
FRANK  H.  CHANDLER.  hoHorablc    carcer.      Mr.  Chandler's   home    is   at    177 

South  Oxford  street,  this  city,  where,  with  his  wife  and  one  son,  Frank  W.  Chandler,  now  nineteen  yeai'3 

old,  he  has  resided  several  years. 

CONSERVATORIES    OF    MUSIC.  j 

Of  local  schools  for  musical  instruction  there  are  several  of  note.  The  oldest  is  the  Groschel  Conserva- 
tory, founded  by  the  late  Prof.  J.  W.  Groschel.  It  was  formally  opened  in  September,  1S64,  and  in  a  few 
months  enrolled  over  two  hundred  pupils.  Professor 
Groschel  was  assisted  especially  by  his  two  talented 
daughters,  Sophie  (afterwards  Mrs.  Chadick)  and 
Louise,  both  educated  in  Germany,  together  with  a 
corDS  of  efficient  vocal  and  instrumental  instructors. 
Upon  the  retirement  of  Professor  Groschel  in  1876, 
the  two  daughters  continued  in  the  management  until 
1890,  when  they  transferred  the  institution  to  Max 
Spicker,  the  present  proprietor.  His  corps  of  assist- 
ants embraces  artists  of  the  highest  character  and 
distinguished  in  their  several  specialties. 

Max  Spicker  was  a  musician  born.  Manifesting 
in  childhood  marked  aptitude  and  love  for  his  art, 
he  resolved  at  an  early  age  to  make  it  his  profession. 
He  gained  a  classical  education  at  the  High  School 
in  Koenigsburg,  Germany,  in  which  city  he  was  born 
in  1858.  His  first  musical  instruction  was  received 
from  the  famous  musicians  Louis  Koehler  and  Robert 
Schwalm,  and  in  1876  he  entered  the  Royal  Academy 
of  Music  at  Leipsic,  and  graduated  with  high  honors 
in  1878.  At  once  identifying  himself  with  musical 
productions  of  the  highest  class,  he  conducted  operas 
in  Heidelberg,  Cologne,  Aix-la-Chapelle  and  at  the 
Royal  Opera  Houses  in  Ghent,  Belgium  and  Potsdam, 
Germany.  During  this  period  he  composed  many 
instrumental  works  for  orchestra  as  well  as  choruses, 
all  of  which  received   high  commendation   from   the  Louis  Moi.lenhauer. 


LITERATURE   AND   THE    FINE   ARTS. 


815 


critics.  His  part  songs  as  well  as  vocal  solos,  published  by  E.  F.  Luckhardt,  of  Berlin,  attained  a  wide 
popularity.  During  his  connection  with  the  Beethoven  Society  his  pen  was  continually  active,  and  his 
songs  have  been  sung  by  such  distinguished  artists  as  Lili  Lehmann,  Etelka  Gerster,  Emily  Winant,  Antonia 
Meilke,  Ritter-Goetze,  Theodore  Reichmann,  F.  F.  Powers  and  Andreas  Dippel.  His  choral  works  have 
been  performed  by  our  leading  American  and  German  singing  societies,  conspicuous  among  them  being  the 
Apollo  Club,  of  Brooklyn,  the  Arion,  Liederkranz,  Beethoven,  Musurgia  and  Maennerchor,  of  New  York,  the 
Orpheus,  of  Boston,  the  Liedertafel  and  Orpheus,  of  Buffalo,  the  Mendelssohn  Glee  Club,  of  Rochester,  the 
Germania  Maennerchor,  of  Baltimore,  the  Arion,  of  Newark,  and  other  associations,  and  were  presented  also 


at  the  state  musical  festivals  in  Connecticut  and  New  Orleans.  The  great  orchestral  concerts,  given  in  the 
winter  at  the  Academy  of  Music,  Brooklyn,  and  conducted  by  him,  are  prominent  features  of  the  musical 
season,  and  the  concerts  by  the  students  of  his  conservatory  are  the  only  entertainments  of  this  character 
in  which  the  performers  have  the  support  of  a  full  professional  orchestra.  Mr.  Spicker  is  a  brilliant  pianist 
and  a  thorough  musician  and  scholar,  and  in  his  social  and  business  relations  deservedly  esteemed  and 
popular. 

The  founder  of  the  Mollenhauer  Colleges  of  Music  was  the  eminent  'cello  soloist,  Henry  Mollenhauer. 
Twenty-four  years  before  his  death  in  1891,  he  established  his  school  on  Livingston  street,  near  Court,  and 
there  gave  instruction,  founded  on  scientific  basis,  to  thousands  of  students,  many  of  whom  have  achieved 
prominence  in  the  professional  world.  His  mode  of  procedure  was  broadly  eclectic,  confining  itself  to  no 
particular  author  and  pledged  to  no  special  school. 

Louis  Mollenhauer  was  born  in  Brooklyn  on  December  17,  1863.  As  soon  as  he  was  able  to  handle  an 
instrument,  his  father  placed  in  his  hands  a  miniature  violin,  and  before  he  was  six  years  old  he  was  wont  to 
delight  and  astonish  the  family's  friends  by  his  natural  aptitude  and  the  phenomenal  acuteness  of  his  ear. 


8i6 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


He  early  appeared  in  public  and  was  greeted  with  the  warmest  enthusiasm,  not  only  on  account  of  his  youth, 
but  as  one  in  whom  was  manifest  an  inherent  talent  of  great  promise.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  gave  several 
orchestral  concerts,  and  he  was  also  a  member  of  the  Schubert  and  Mollenhauer  Quintet  clubs,  devoted  to 
the  exposition  of  the  best  classical  compositions  for  five  parts.  Although  Mr.  Mollenhauer  is  less  than  thirty 
years  old,  he  may  be  said  to  have  worked  hard  as  a  student  for  twenty  years,  playing  during  that  time 
hundreds'of  compositions,  officiating  as  orchestral  conductor,  superintending  and  drilling  the  college  classes, 
achieving  honors  as  a  soloist,  and  otherwise  fitting  himself  for  the  perpetuation  of  the  college,  which,  since 
the  untimely  death  of  his  father,  it  has  devolved  upon  him  to  manage  and  superintend.  The  success  and 
reputation  achieved  and  enjoyed  by  the  parent  institution  has  rendered  necessary  the  opening  of  a  new 
branch  at  280  Lafayette  avenue,  where  the  instruction  of  the  pupils  is  under  the  direct  supervision  of 
Louis  Mollenhauer.  In  regard  to  his  personal  characteristics  Mr.  Mollenhauer  is  studious  rather  than 
conversational,  but  on  his  favorite  theme  he  becomes  enthusiastic  and  speaks  with  authority.  He  is  very 
charitable,  having  contributed  much  to  deserving  objects  by  his  performance  on  their  behalf.  Li  addi- 
tion to  Mr.  Louis  Mollenhauer,  the  eldest  son  of  the  founder  of  the  college,  there  are  Adolph,  the  'cello 
virtuoso,  and  the  three  sisters,  the  Misses  Ida,  Johanna  and  Celia,  each  of  whom  is  a  born  as  well  as  a 
trained  artist  and  a  skillful  teacher,  and  Master  Henry,  a  boy  of  remarkable  promise. 

R.  EsTAVA  DE  Stefani  is  the  friend  of  musical 
culture  in  Brooklyn,  and  his  Grand  Italian  Conserva- 
tory of  Music,  at  539,  541  and  543  Fulton  street  and  ' 
452  Gold  street,  is  one  of  the  leading  institutions  of 
the  kind.  The  excellence  of  the  instruction  given, 
the  perfect  system  of  the  management  and  the  com- 
prehensive scope  of  the  school  all  tend  to  the  full 
development  of  the  talents  and  the  most  complete 
unfolding  of  the  genius  possessed  by  those  who  be- 
come pupils  under  Signor  Stefani  and  his  corps  of 
assistants.  Signor  Stefani  has  acquired  European 
fame  as  a  vocalist.  He  was  born  on  the  Island  of  Cuba, 
where  his  father  was  prominent  as  one  of  the  civil 
officials  in  the  Eastern  District.  His  parents  were 
Spanish,  and  he  was  sent  to  Barcelona,  in  Spain,  to 
study  law,  in  which  he  won  his  degree.  The  Spanish 
student's  love  for  music  was  strongly  marked  in  him 
and  was  liberally  gratified  during  his  university  course. 
He  appeared  in  a  number  of  amateur  performances 
of  opera  in  Barcelona,  and  his  evident  talent  for  the 
operatic  stage  attracted  the  attention  of  the  director 
of  the  Government  Conservatory  of  Music,  by  whose 
advice  he  went  to  Italy  and  placed  himself  under  the 
direction  of  Professors  Romani  and  Ronconi.  Two 
years  after,  in  the  cast  of  "Lucrezia  Borgia,"  he  made 
his  debut  at  Alba,  Italy  ;  afterwards  he  sang  at  sixty- 
two  performances  of  classic  opera  during  an  engage- 
ment  of  three    months  at  the  Grand  Theatro  Carlo 

Felice,  in  Genoa,  with  such  success  that  the  king  of  Spain  conferred  upon  him  the  royal  cross  of  Charles 
the  Third.  He  has  appeared  with  such  artists  as  Durand,  Gabbi,  Tctrazzani,  C!ampanini,  Tamagno,  Gayarre, 
Massini,  Aramburo  and  others  of  great  reputation  ;  and  he  is  himself  a  perfectly  equipped  artist.  His 
conservatory  is  planned  on  a  noble  scale  and  is  especially  adapted  f<jr  students  who  are  looking  toward  a 
career  upon  the  lyric  or  operatic  stage.  The  conservatory  affords  a  thorough  and  complete  education  in 
every  department  of  music,  and  Signor  Stefani's  performances  of  grand  Italian  opera,  with  orchestra, 
chorus,  costumes  and  scenery,  the  performers  being  his  advanced  pupils,  have  been  heartily  endorsed  by  the 
press  of  Brooklyn  and  New  York  as  indicating  one  of  the  greatest  successes  in  musical  teaching. 

Other  music  schools  of  prominence  are  A.  Arnold's  Conservatory  of  Music,  of  which  August  Arnold  is 
director  ;  Venth's  College  of  Music,  Carl  Venth,  proprietor  ;  and  the  Prospect  Hill  College  of  Music,  under 
the  directorship  of  F'.  H.  Daniels. 


R.  EsTAVA  DE  Stefani. 


Old  Armory  BuiLDiNn,  Henry  and  Ckanderry  Streets. 


THE    NATIONAL    GUARD. 


TLITARY  service,  voluntarily  assumed  b)-  the  private  citizen  in  time  of  peace,  is 
recognized  as  one  of  the  most  honorable  forms  in  which  a  man  can  discharge  his 
duty  to  the  State.  Whatever  may  have  been  true  of  the  old-time  "  training  days," 
'  and  even  of  the  very  early  militia,  there  is  no  longer  any  suggestion  of  "  playing 
soldier"  in  the  service  of  the  National  Guard  of  the  State  of  New  York.  The 
thoroughness  of  drill  and  discipline  and  the  ready  acquiescence  in  it  by  the  private 
soldier,  who  while  in  uniform  regards  himself  no  longer  as  a  business  man  or  pro- 
fessional man  ;  the  perfect  organization  and  equipment  and  the  high  character  and 
local  prominence  of  those  who  enter  the  ranks  and  fill  the  offices  of  the  National 
Guard,  have  placed  the  service  on  a  high  plane  of  efficiency  and  repute.  In  con- 
stant readiness  for  duty — whether  to  quell  local  disturbances  when  they  pass  be- 
yond the  control  of  the  police,  or  to  spring  to  the  defence  of  the  country,  as  the 
militia  regiments  did  when  the  war  of  the  rebellion  began — the  existence  of  a 
thoroughly  efficient  National  Guard  gives  to  the  community  a  sense  of  security  for  which  other  countries 
depend  on  the  presence  of  a  large  standing  army.  The  occasional  calls  to  duty,  too,  such  as  were  made  upon 
the  regiments  of  this  and  other  states  during  the  labor  riots  of  1877  and  during  the  threatened  invasion  from 
Canada  in  an  earlier  time,  and  the  presence  of  unruly  bodies  of  disturbers  of  the  peace,  give  to  the  service  a 
practical  character  that  invites  into  it  many  who  are  willing  to  give  time  to  the  preparations  for  possible 
emergencies,  but  could  not  be  tempted  merely  by  pleasure  or  holiday  glory.  The  National  Guard  in  New 
York  state  dates  from  the  organizing  act  of  1786,  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  an  act  in  1777, ordain- 
ing that  the  militia  should  be  armed  and  disciplined  and  in  readiness  for  service,  in  peace  as  well  as  in  war. 
The  first  organization  was  in  two  divisions,  with  brigades  of  four  regiments  each.     In  1S54  a  reorganization 


gjg  THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 

provided  for  eight  divisions  of  two  to  four  brigades  eacli ;  and  under  the  stress  of  war  times  in  1862  it  was 
ordered  that  the  full  number  of  thirty-two  brigades  should  be  organized.  By  the  consolidation  act  of  1882 
the  number  of  divisions  was  reduced  to  four,  with  two  brigades  each,  and  the  organization  of  the  Guard  was 
still  further  simplified  in  1SS6,  by  reducing  the  state  commands  to  four  brigades  only,  all  reporting  directly 
to  the  adjutant-general  at  Albany,  who  then  became  the  only  major-general  in  the  service.  The  2d  Division, 
in  which,  until  1SS6,  were  included  all  the  Brooklyn  commands,  was  established  at  the  beginning  of  the 
National  Guard  in  the  state.  Its  extent  varied  at  different  times,  including  different  brigades  according  to 
the  distribution  of  the  several  commands.  Major  Aaron  Ward,  of  Sing  Sing,  commanded  the  division  until 
1858,  when  he  was  succeeded  in  turn  by  General  Harmanus  B.  Duryea,  in  1858  ;  General  John  B.  Woodward, 
in  1869;  General  Thomas  S.  Dakin,  in  1875;  General  James  Jourdan,  in  1879;  and  General  Edward  L. 
Molineu.x,  in  1884.  Until  1862  there  was  only  one  brigade  actually  organized  in  Brooklyn — the  Fifth,  which 
became  the  Third  in  1S82,  when  the  Eleventh  became  the  Fourth.  This  brigade  was  commanded  succes- 
sively by  Generals  H.  B.  Duryea,  Philip  S.  Crooke,  E.  B.  Fowler,  Thomas  S.  Dakin,  James  Jourdan,  C.  T. 
Christensen,  and  James  McLeer.  The  4th  Brigade,  organized  as  the  Eleventh  in  i86r  by  General  Jesse  C. 
Smith,  was  commanded  by  this  officer  until  1868,  when  he  was  followed  by  Generals  J.  V.  Meserole,  in  1868  ; 
Ira  L.  Beebe,  in  1876;  Edward  L.  Molineux,in  1879  ;  William  H.  Brownell,  in  1881,  and  Rodney  C.  Ward,  in 
1885.  In  1886,  when  the  organization  of  the  troops  of  the  state  in  four  divisions  and  eight  brigades  was 
discontinued,  and  an  organization  in  four  brigades  was  substituted,  the  Brooklyn  regiments  were  all  embraced 
in  the  2d  Brigade,  of  which  General  James  McLeer  was  made  commander.  In  the  fall  of  1892  the  National 
Guard  of  the  state  numbered  12,874  of  all  ranks,  comprised  in  thirteen  regiments,  one  battalion  and  forty- 
six  separate  companies  of  infantry,  five  batteries  of  artillery,  one  troop  of  cavalry  and  three  signal  corps.  By 
the  same  census  the  numerical  strength  of  the  2d  Brigade  was  placed  at  3,004.  At  the  beginning  of  1892  the 
2d  brigade  comprised  five  regiments  of  infantry,  an  artillery  battery,  a  signal  corps  and  one  separate  com- 
pany. During  the  year  this  muster  was  reduced  by  the  retirement  of  one  of  the  regiments,  the  Thirty-second, 
the  disbandment  of  w-hich  occurred  on  May  26,  1892.  It  was  an  eight  company  infantry  regiment  which  was 
organized  as  a  four  company  battalion  on  October  8,  1868.  It  was  enlarged  to  seven  companies  on  August 
8,  1870,  and  the  eighth  company  was  added  on  February  24,  187 1.  It  was  organized  by  Germans  and  for  a 
long  time  the  preponderating  element  of  the  organization  was  of  that  nationality.  Its  successive  com- 
manders were  :  Colonels  Henry  Edward  Roehr,  John  Rueger,  Louis  Bossert,  Louis  Finkelmeier  and  Henry 
C.  Clark.  At  the  time  when  it  was  mustered  out  the  armory  of  the  regiment  was  at  Stagg  street  and  Bush- 
wick  avenue.  Companies  F  and  K  of  the  Thirty-second  became,  respectively,  companies  E  and  H  of  the 
13th  Regiment.  At  the  close  of  1892  the  2d  Brigade  was  composed  as  follows  :  13th  Regiment,  ten  com- 
panies infantry,  (new)  armory  on  Sumner  avenue,  between  Putnam  and  Jefferson  avenues;  14th  Regiment,  ten 
companies  infantry,  (new)  armory  on  Eighth  avenue,  between  Fourteenth  and  Fifteenth  sts. ;  23d  Regiment,  ten 
companies  infantry,  (new)  armory  on  Bedford  avenue,  between  Atlantic  avenue  and  Pacific  street ;  47th  Regi- 
ment, eight  companies  infantry,  armory  on  Marcy  avenue,  between  Heyward  and  Lynch  streets  ;  3d  battery, 
gatling  guns  and  howitzers,  armory  at  759-765  Dean  street;  17th  Separate  Company,  infantry,  armory  at 
170  Amity  street,  Flushing,  Queens  County.  The  brigade  staff  of  General  McLeer  is  composed  of  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel John  B.  Frothingham,  assistant  adjutant-general;  Major  W.  H.  A.  Cochran,  inspector; 
Major  Frank  Lyman,  engineer ;  Major  \\'illiam  J.  Gaynor,  judge-advocate  ;  Major  George  R.  F^owler,  sur- 
geon ;  Major  Francis  D.  Beard,  ordnance  officer;  Major  Peter  H.  McNulty,  quartermaster ;  Major  Theodore 
H.  Babcock,  inspector  of  rifle  practice  ;  Captain  Frederick  T.  Leigh,  signal  officer ;  Captain  Charles  W. 
Tracy,  Jr.,  aide-de-camp  ;  Captain  John  H.   Shults,    Jr.,  aide-de-camp. 

Brigadier-General  J.^mes  McLeer  was  a  young  student  in  the  law  office  of  the  late  General  Philip  S.  Crooke 
in  1S61  when  the  internecine  war  resulting  from  the  secession  of  the  southern  states  called  the  young  men 
of  the  nation  to  arms.  He  was  one  of  the  earliest  volunteers  from  his  native  city  of  Brooklyn,  and  enlisted 
as  a  private  in  Company  C,  14th  Regiment.  When  the  first  detachment  of  Union  troops  crossed  the  Poto- 
mac and  took  possessi(jn  of  the  grounds  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Arlington  House,  he  was  one  of  the  number. 
In  the  hard  fighting  which  began  on  July  21  the  regiment  was  conspicuous  by  its  bravery  and  endurance, 
and  during  one  of  the  many  charges  General  McLeer  sustained  serious  wounds  in  the  head  and  right  arm, 
which  made  necessary  a  sojourn  of  several  weeks  in  a  hospital.  His  wounds  were  not  fully  healed  when  he 
insisted  on  rejoining  his  regiment,  with  which  he  participated  in  the  arduous  campaign  of  1862  in  Virginia. 
On  August  29,  1862,  the  regiment  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Grovetown,and  the  young  soldier  was  deliv- 
ering a  shot  from  his  rifle  when  his  left  arm  was  shattered.  Determined  to  fire  once  more  he  did  so  with 
his  right  arm  and  then  fell  with  a  shattered  right  leg.  He  lay  on  the  field  all  night  and  until  the  afternoon  of 
the  next  day,  when  he  was  removed  ;  he  had  done  the  best  he  could  with  his  uninjured  arm  to  staunch  the 
flow  of  blood  from  his  wounds,  but  his  injuries  were  so  serious  that  amputation  of  the  left  arm  was  neces- 
sary, and  he  would  have  lost  his  right  leg  had  his  physical  condition  permitted  the  operation.  The  limb 
was  saved  by  successful  surgical  treatment, but  in  so  shattered  a  condition  that  its  usefulness  is  retained  by 


THE    NATIONAL   GUARD.  819 

the  application  of  splints.  In  1863  he  was  honorably  discharged  from  the  army  with  the  rank  of  sergeant. 
When  the  14th  Regiment  was  reorganized  after  the  war,  he  was  elected  first  lieutenant  of  his  old  company 
and  subsequently  he  was  made  quartermaster  on  the  staff  of  Colonel  Fowler.  Rising  successively  through 
the  grades  of  major  and  lieutenant-colonel  he  was  made  colonel  of  the  regiment  in  1873,  and  held  the  com- 
mand until  1885  when  he  was  promoted  to  his  present  rank  and  placed  in  command  of  the  5th  Brigade.  From 
the  organization  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  he  has  been  active  in  its  ranks,  and  he  is  a  charter  mem- 
ber of  Wadsworth  Post,  No.  2 — the  first  post  organized  in  Kings  County;  he  has  held  various  offices  in  the 
organization.  In  civil  life  General  McLeer  has  been  prominent  many  years.  He  was  born  in  December, 
1840,  and,  as  already  stated,  intended  to  become  a  lawyer;  in  fact  his  admission  to  the  bar  was  near  at  hand 
when  his  war  career  began.     In  1865  he  was  elected  city  auditor  of  Brooklyn  on  the  Republican  ticket.    He 


Brigadier-General  James  McLker. 

was  the  nominee  for  street  commissioner  in  1869,  but,  although  his  election  was  conceded,  he  did  not  serve. 
He  was  appointed  pension  agent  for  the  district  of  Long  Island  in  1873,  and  held  that  office  until  it  was 
consolidated  with  the  New  York  office.  His  next  position  was  that  of  postmaster  of  Brooklyn,  to  which  he 
was  appointed  in  December,  1877,  and  he  served  eight  years  from  the  first  day  of  the  next  year.  Since 
1889  he  has  held  the  office  of  assessor. 

THIRTEENTH    REGIMENT. 

The  13th  Regiment  dates  its  history  nearly  as  far  back  as  any  command  in  the  state,  its  first  com- 
pany having  been  organized  in  1827  as  the  Brooklyn  Light  Guard.  The  regiment  was  organized  on  July  5, 
1847,  with  Abel  Smith  as  colonel,  Edward  Beers  as  lieutenant-colonel,  and  John  H.  Cans  as  major.  The 
companies  were:  Right-flank,  company  of  light  artillery,  Brooklyn  City  Guard,  Captain  J.  N.  Olney  ;  Com- 
pany A,  Pearson  Light  Guard,  Captain  J.  J.  Dillon;  Company  B,  Washington  Horse  Guard,  Captain  J.  McLeer; 
Company  C,  Brooklyn  Light  Guard,  Captain  Charles  Morrison;  Company  D,  Williamsburgh  Light  Artillery, 
Captain  Lewis  ;  Company  E,  Williamsburgh  Light  Artillery,  Captain  Hanford  ;  Company  F,  Oregon  Guard, 
Captain  Walsh  ;  Company  G,  Washington  Guards,  and  Company  H,  Jefferson  Guard,  Captain  Willys.  The 
companies  at  this  time  had  different  uniforms,  one  at  least  wearing  the  dress  of  the  old  Continentals.  The 
City  Guard  (Captain  R.  V.  W.  Thome,  now  deceased)  wore  red  coats,  and  the  Brooklyn  Light  Guard  wore  white 
coats.  The  Continentals  were  commanded  by  Captain  Burnett,  father-in-law  of  General  Jourdan.  After  a 
few  years'  trial  it  was  found  that  the  elements  could  not  be  made  homogeneous,  and  the  German  companies 
from'  Williamsburgh  were  detached  and  formed  the  nucleus  of  the  28th  Regiment.  About  the  year  1858  the 
gray  uniform  was  adopted,  and  the  regiment  made  its  first  parade  in  the  new  dress  at  the  celebration  of  the 


820 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 


introduction  of  water  into  Brool^lyn  on  April  27,  1859.  Some  of  the  companies  whicli  refused  to  adopt  the 
gra)'  withdrew  from  the  regiment.  Li  i<S6o  Compan}'  1!  was  consolidated  with  Company  C  and  Company  A 
of  the  14th  Regiment,  commantled  l)y  Captain  Horace  A.  Sprague,  was  transferred  and  became  Company  B 
of  the  ijth  Regiment.  The  command  then  comjirised  eight  companies.  During  all  this  period  the  organi- 
zation occupicti  the  armory  at  the  corner  of  Henry  and  Cranberry  streets,  subsequently  used  by  the  Gatlino- 
Batter}',  and  now  given  over  to  commercial  purposes.  Immediately  upon  the  call  of  President  Lincoln  for 
seventy-five  thousand  men  the  Thirteenth  unanimousl}'  tendeied  its  services,  and  on  April  23,  1861,  the 
regiment,  eight  hundred  strong,  started  for  the  seat  of  war.  In  anticipation  of  serious  disturbance  in  Balti- 
more at  the  approaching  election,  the  Thirteenth  was  orderetl  to  that  city  to  assist  in  maintaining  order. 
During  its  absence  a  home  guard  ol  Company  G  had  been  formed,  which  subsequently  became  the  nucleus  of 


■^ 


Tim;  I  i,i.:xiii  rk.;imkxt  .Memory  (Present',  Flathusii  .\vexue  .\ni,  IIaxshx  1'lace. 
the  23d  Regiment.  On  the  return  of  the  Th,rteenth  in  the  latter  part  of  Julv  this  guard  turned  out  to  receive 
It.  Many  ot  the  Thirteenth's  officers  and  men  then  and  later  entered  the  volunteer  service  Upon  the 
retirement  of  Colonel  Smith,  Lieutenant-Colonel  R.  ]!.  Clark  was  elected  colonel,  with  John  B  Woodward 
lieutenant-colonel,  and  S.  K.  Boyd  major;  and  on  May  2,  1062,  the  regiment  again  responded  to  the  call 
ot   the  government.     E.xcept  the  Eleventh  no  other  New  York  militia 


-p,  .  ,        ,,       T     ■  ,  ''^  regiment  went  so  far   south   as  the 

I  hirteenth.     It  lormed  a  part  of  the  extreme  left  wing  of  McClellan's  armv,  and  rentlered  very  effeetivf 
vice.     On   the  expn-ation   of  the   term  of  service,  on   August  31,  the   men   returned   he 


ry  eiieetive  ser 

,,,,,,,.,.  ..        „   ,  lome.     Again  in  June, 

1863,  and  for  the  third  time,  the  regiment  was  called  into  active  service  and  was  hurried  to  the  front  Col- 
onel John  B.  Woodward  was  in  command,  with  W.  A.  McKee  as  lieutenant-colonel.  The  overwhelming 
defeat  of  the  Confederates  at  Gettysburg  rendered  the  services  of  the  militia  no  longer  indispensable  and 
in  consequence  of  the  draft  nots  m  New  \-ork  in  July,  1863,  the  Thirteenth  was  ordered  home  Durin'.  the 
month  ot  August  ,t  did  guard  duty  m  the  city  while  the  draft  proceeded.  In  1S66  Colonel  Woodward 
resigned,  and  was  succeeded  by  Colonel  James  Jourdan.  He,  in  turn,  was  succeeded  by  Colonel  Thomas  S 
Dakin  ,n  1869,  and  upon  the  latter's  election  as  brigadier-general  Lieutenant-Colonel  Frederick  A  Mason 
was  chosen  colonel.  In  1870  Philip  H.  Briggs  was  lieutenant-colonel,  and  Edward  S.  Daniell  mai<,r  The 
drum  corps  association  was  organized  in  1869.  On  October  21,  1875,  the  regiment  was  first  mustered  and 
mspec  ed  in  its  new  armory, at  Hanson  place  and  Flatbush  avenue.  Lieutenant-Colonel  Brigo-s  was  elected 
colonel  ,n  January  1876,  vice  General  Jourdan,  commander-elect  of  the  5th  Brigade.  Captain  Harry  H 
Beadle  was  elected  lieutenant-colonel,  and  William  R.  Syme,  for  some  time  adjutant,  was  made  major  The 
service  of  the  regiment  since  the  war  has  included  duty  during  the  Orange  riots  of  1871  and  the  great 
railroad  strike  of  ,877,  when  the  prompt  action  of  Govern<ir  Robin.son  in  calling  out  the  troops  undoubtedly 


THE    NATIONAL    GUARD. 


preserved  the  state  from  the  devastation  which  befell  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland  in  that  year.  Colonel 
Austen  took  command  on  July  13,  1877.  In  July,  1879,  brevet  Brigadier-Creneral  C.  T.  Christensen  was 
elected  major,  vice  King,  appointed  judge-advocate  on  the  staff  of  General  E.  E.  Molineux,  nth  Brigade, 
and  subsequently  lieutenant-colonel,  vice  Beadle,  honorably  discharged.  Captain  J.  Frank  Dillont  (Com- 
pany F)  was  chosen  major,  and  subsequently  lieutenant-colonel.  He  resigned  in  the  spring  of  1881.  In  the 
spring  of  1888  a  parade  of  the  regiment  took  place  in  honor  of  the  official  induction  of  the  Rev.  T.  De 
Witt  Talmage  as  chaplain  of  the  regiment.  Previous  to  this,  in  1885,  the  regiment  had  formed  the  guard 
of  honor  at  the  funeral  of  the  Rev.  Henry  Ward  Beecher,  its  chaplain.  The  regiment  also  formed  part  of 
the  guard  of  honor  at  the  funeral  of  General  U.  S.  Grant  in  August,  1886.  Company  K  is  the  most  recent 
addition  to  the  Thirteenth.  It  was  organized  in  1888  as  the  "  Talmage  Company,"  in  honor  of  the  chaplain 
of  the  regiment,  the  Rev.  T.  De  Witt  Talmage.  It  was  mustered  into  service  to  replace  the  original  Com- 
pany K,  that  disbanded  some  time  ago.  Captain  Charles  H.  Luscomb  commands  it.  Colonel  David  E.  Aus- 
ten, the  present  regimental  commandant,  was  commissioned  on  July  13,  1877.  In  1884  he  was  succeeded  by 
General  A.  C.  Barnes,  who  in  turn  was  followed  by  Colonel  Edward  Fackner  in  1SS7.  A  year  later  Colonel 
Fackner  resigned,  and  Colonel  Austen  was  again  elected  to  the  colonelcy  of  the  regiment. 

The  Rev.  Henry  Ward  Beecher  was  appointed  chaplain  in  iSIarch,  1878.  Among  Mr.  Beecher's  pre- 
decessors were  the  Rev.  Edward  Taylor,  the  Rev.  J.  Halstead  Carroll  and  the  Rev.  Henry  M.  Storrs.  In 
June,  1878,  was  begun  in  the  lecture-room  of  Plymouth  Church  the  recruiting  for  Company  G,  commonly 
known  as  the  "  Beecher  Company,"  and  Captain  William  L.  Watson,  a  veteran  of  the  war  of  the  rebellion, 
was  elected  captain  in  July.  An  important  acciuisition  was  made  also  in  the  selection  of  the  veteran 
Harvey  B.  Dodworth,  in  September  of  the  same  year,  as  bandmaster,  a  position  in  which  he  was  succeeded 
by  Fred.  N.  Innes.  The  veteran  association  of  the  13th  Regiment  was  organized  on  September  29,  1874. 
At  a  meeting  held  on  November  5,  1874,  a  constitution  was  adopted,  and  General  Heath  was  elected  presi- 
dent, and  Captain  S.  H.  Wing,  secretary.  The  first  annual  meeting  of  the  association  was  held  in  the  city 
armory  on  April  23,  1875,  and  a  regular  regimental  formation  was  adopted  with  the  following  officers  :  Col- 
onel, Henry  Heath;  lieutenant-colonel,  John  B.  Woodward;  major,  Adam  T.  ]3odge;  adjutant,  A.  I-I.Wing; 
quartermaster,  J-  S.  Van  Cleef ;  commissary,  William  R.  Syme  ;  eight  captains  and  ei,L;ht  lieutenants  were 
elected  at  the  same  meeting.  The  veteran  association  has  taken  an  active  interest  in  all  matters  con- 
nected with  the  regiment.  The  officers  of  the  association  in  1892  were:  Theodore  II.  Gates,  president  ;  F. 
A.  Baldwin,  secretary  ;  C.  W.  Tandy,  treasurer  ;  John  P.  Scrvmser,  commissai^y.  The  field  and  staff  of  the 
13th  Regiment  are  :  David  E.  Austen,  colonel;  William  L.  A\'atson,  lieutenant-colonel;  George  G.  Cochran, 
major;  William  F.  Penney,  adjutant;  Charles  Werner,  quartermaster;  Jerry  A.  Wernberg,  commissary 
of  subsistence;  John  A.  Cochran,  surgeon;  Arthur  R. 
Jarrett,  assistant  surgeon;  Rev.  T.  De  Witt  Talmage, 
chaplain;   T.  H.  Babcock,  inspector  of  ride  practice. 

The  military  experience  of  Colonel  David  E.  Aus- 
ten began  two  years  before  the  beginning  of  the  Civil 
war.  He  enlisted  in  Company  H,  7th  Regiment,  in 
February,  1859,  and  went  south  when  the  regiment 
was  ordered  to  guard  the  capital  of  the  nation.  Hav- 
ing been  elected  to  a  first  lieutenantcy,  he  joined  the 
47th  Regiment  in  November,  1862,  and  then  became 
attached  to  Company  I.  In  August  of  the  succeeding 
year  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  adjutant.  He 
was  elected  captain  of  Company  I  in  March,  1S64; 
major  of  the  regiment  in  October,  1865;  lieutenant- 
colonel  in  January,  1868,  and  colonel  in  1869.  Wliile 
holding  this  rank  he  was  called  to  the  command  "f  the 
Thirteenth  and  received  his  commission  on  July  13, 
1877.  Seven  years  later  he  was  succeeded  by  Colonel 
A.  C.  Barnes,  who  gave  place,  in  1887,  to  Colonel  Ivd- 
ward  Fackner.  The  latter  resigned  within  a  year  and 
Colonel  Austen  was  called  upon  to  resume  his  old 
duties.  David  E.  Austen  was  born  in  New  York  city 
on  February  6,  1841.  His  mother  died  while  he  was 
an  infant  and  he  was  brought  up  under  the  care  of 
his  father's  parents.  His  grandfather,  David  Austen, 
was  the  prime  factor  in  the  uptown  religious  move- 
ment among  the  Episcopalians  on  Manhattan  Island, 


Colonel  D.-wiit  h;.  Austen. 


822 


THE    EAGLE   AND    BROOKLYN. 


^ 


r 


which  resulted  in  the  erection  of  Grace  Church  at  the  corner  of  Tenth  street  and  Broadway.  He  and  Peter 
Schermerhorn  were  the  first  wardens  of  the  new  parish.  Colonel  Austen  was  educated  in  the  Swinburne 
Collegiate  Institute  at  White  Plains.  At  the  age  of  twenty  he  accepted  the  offices  of  superintendent  and 
chemist  of  the  New  York  Kerosene  Oil  Company.  He  afterward  became  president  of  the  Brooklyn  Oil 
Refining  Company.  His  first  political  office  was  held  in  the  New  York  custom  house.  Having  studied 
law  in  the  intervals  allowed  by  his  business,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  after  being  graduated  with  the 
highest  honors  from  the  law  school  of  New  York  University.  His  professional  career  was  interrupted  by 
his  appointment  to  the  deputy  auditorship  of  the  finance  department  of  New  York  city,  and  within  two 
years  he  was  made  one  of  the  two  auditors  in  charge  of  that  division  of  the  municipal  government.  His 
faith  in  the  doctrines  of  republicanism  was  first  shaken  when  Horace  Greeley  entered  the  presidential  arena 
in  1S72.  He  sympathized  at  that  time  with  the  coalescing  factions  which  had  united  in  the  candidacy  of 
the  great  editor  and  since  then  he  has  remained  a  Democrat  without  being  in  any  sense  a  partisan.  In  the 
days  of  Hubert  O.  Thompson's  ascendancy  Colonel  Austen  was  one  of  the  delegates  to  the  general  com- 
mittee of  the  New  York  county  democracy. 

William  LeRoy  AVatson,  lieutenant-colonel  of  the   13th  Regiment,  is  a  veteran  of  the  Union  army, 
who,  since  the  close  of  the  Civil  war,  has  given  long  continued  and  brilliant  service  to  the  state  as  a  member 

of  the  National  Guard.  His  military  history  began 
with  his  enlistment  in  the  summer  of  1862,  when  he 
was  eighteen  years  old,  as  a  private  in  the  2d  Wis- 
consin Volunteers.  He  was  at  that  time  a  student  at 
the  Lawrence  University  in  Appleton,  Wis.,  to  which 
institution  he  went  in  1859  from  Albany,  N.  Y.,  his 
native  place.  After  participating  in  the  engagements 
at  Perryville,  or  Chapin  Hill,  Ky.,  Stone  River  and 
Hoorus  Gap,  and  in  the  Tallahoma  campaign,  he  was 
taken  prisoner  at  the  battle  of  Chickamauga  and  sent 
to  the  Libby  Prison.  He  escaped  by  way  of  the  cele- 
brated tunnel,  but  was  recaptured,  and  after  being  held 
at  Libby  Prison  some  time  longer  was  transferred  to 
Columbia,  S.  C,  from  which  place  he  finally  escaped 
and,  rejoining  his  regiment,  served  with  it  until  the 
war  ended,  when  he  was  honorably  mustered  out  with 
the  rank  of  captain.  After  the  war  he  enlisted  in  Com- 
pany E,  yth  Regiment,  in  which  command  he  served 
the  full  term  of  seven  years.  His  ne.xt  military  ex- 
perience was  his  connection  with  the  13th  Regiment. 
When  Company  G,  of  that  regiment,  the  "  Beecher 
Company,"  was  recruited  in  the  summer  of  1878,  the 
command  was  tendered  Captain  Watson  and  he  ac- 
cepted the  commission  on  August  16,  1878.  When  Mr. 
Beecher  died  the  company  was  selected  as  the  guard  of 
honor  for  the  body  while  it  lay  in  state  in  Plymouth 
'^  Church.  In  appreciation  of  its  services  the  company 
received  from  Mr.  Beecher's  family  the  sword  and  belt 
worn  by  the  famous  clergyman  as  chaplain  of  the  regiment,  and  it  hangs  in  a  handsome  case  upon  the 
walls  of  the  company  room.  Captain  Watson  retained  command  of  the  company  until  he  was  elected 
lieutenant-colonel  of  the  regiment.  The  family  of  which  Mr.  Watson  is  a  member  originated  in  America 
with  John  Watson,  who  was  a  land  surveyor  in  Hartford,  Conn.,  in  1644,  having  come  from  England  as  a 
member  of  the  colony  at  Plymouth,  Mass.  William  LeRoy  Watson  was  born  at  Albany,  N.  Y.,  on  March  8, 
1844,  and  attended  the  public  schools  there  until  he  went  to  Wisconsin  in  1859.  He  has  been  engaged 
many  years  in  the  business  of  a  commission  merchant  and  is  a  member  of  the  New  York  Produce  Exchange. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion  and  of  U.  S.  Grant  Post,  G.  A.  R. 

Major  George  G.  Cochran  was  born  in  Brooklyn  on  November  3,  1863.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Juvenile  High  School  and  the  Polytechnic  Institute,  and  afterward  studied  medicine  at  Columbia  College. 
At  the  outset  of  his  career  he  held  the  position  of  assistant  surgeon  at  Chambers  Street  Hospital  and  Mount 
Sinai  Hospital,  New  York  city.  He  is  an  inspector  of  the  Brooklyn  board  of  health.  In  1880  he  assisted 
Colonel  David  E.  Austen  in  organizing  the  cadet  corps  of  the  13th  Regiment  and  in  1881  he  was  appointed 
captain  of  the  cadets.  He  was  obliged  to  resign  his  commission  when  he  entered  Columbia  College,  but 
while  traveling  in  Europe,  in  1S86,  he  was  elected  to  the  second  lieutenantcy  of  Company  I,  13th  Regiment. 


LlEUTENAMT-COLONEL   WiLLIAM   L.  WATSON. 


THE    NATIONAL   GUARD. 


823 


On  May  6,  1887,  he  was  advanced  a  step  and  on  January  16,  1888,  he  was  elected  captain.  Since  1889  he  has 
been  a  member  of  both  the  regimental  and  brigade  examining  boards,  and  since  1890  has  held  the  presi- 
dency of  the  latter.  In  1890  he  was  assistant  instructor  of  guard  duty  at  the  state  camp.  From  the  date 
of  his  enlistment  in  the  cadet  corps,  and  for  the  whole  period  of  his  service  with  the  National  Guard,  he 
held  the  annual  100  per  cent,  medals,  and  is  also  the  possessor  of  the  state  marksman's  and  armory  sharp- 
shooters' badges.  He  was  largely  engaged  in  the  introduction  among  second  brigade  organizations  of 
the  method  of  signaling  with  flags,  torches  and  electric  lights,  and  he  was  mainly  instrumental  in  estab- 
lishing a  bicycle  corps  in  connection  with  his  immediate  command.  In  1892  he  was  elected  major  of  the 
13th  Regiment.     He  married  Miss  Edith  Austen,  daughter  of  Colonel  David  E,  Austen. 

John  F.  Carroll  was  elected  second  lieutenant  of  Company  F,  32d  Regiment,  on  December  17,  1891. 
When  that  organization  was  disbanded  he  was  transferred  with  his  original  rank  to  Company  E,  13th 
Regiment.  He  was  born  in  Brooklyn  on  August  31,  1862.  When  he  was  four  years  old  his  father  died  and 
he  made  his  home  with  an  uncle  at  College  Point.  He  was  educated  at  the  Feurst  Military  College  at  that 
place,  and  at  Fairchild's  Academy,  in  the  town  of  Flushing.  He  entered  the  publication  office  of  A.  S. 
Barnes  &  Co.,  thoroughly  mastered  the  printing  and  bookbinding  trades,  and  eventually  became  foreman 
and  assistant  superintendent  of  the  binding  department.  In  1885  he  was  prominent  in  the  organization  of 
the  Johnson  Literary  Society,  of  which  he  was  five  times  elected  president.  He  was  also  one  of  the  organi- 
zers of  the  St.  James  Outing  Club,  and  as  its  first  captain  held  office  two  years. 

James  McNevin,  ordnance  sergeant  of  the  13th  Regiment,  and  superintendent  of  the  armory,  is  the 
wearer  of  many  trophies  of  marksmanship,  and  he  holds  the  championship  of  the  regiment  for  the  highest 
score  at  all  ranges.  He  was  a  member  of  the  team  matched  against  Sir  Henry  Halford's  team  of  British 
volunteers  at  Creedmoor  in  18S2,  and  was  the  military  long  range  champion  of  the  United  States  in  1889. 
His  time  is  given  wholly  to  his  regimental  duties.     He  was  born  in  London,  England,  in  1847. 

FOURTEENTH    REGIMENT. 

The  14th  Regiment,  the  oldest  of  2d  Brigade  organizations  and  the  only  one  that  served  through  the 
war  for  the   LTnion,  has  a  history  of  which  any  command  might  well  be  proud.     From  1S46,  the  date   of  its 


Fourteenth  Regiment  Armory  (Present;,  North  Poktla.nd  .\vi.nli:, 

formation,  until  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  war,  the  career  of  the  regiment  was  uneventful.  On  April  18, 
1861,  report  was  made  to  headquarters  that  the  command  was  ready  for  service,  and  on  May  18  eight  line 
companies  and  an  engineer  corps — 825  officers  and  men,  under  the  command  of  Col.  Alfred  M.  Wood — 
started  for  Washington.     On  May  23,  a  day  which  is  always  celebrated  by  the  command,  General  Irwin 


824 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


McDowell  mustered  the  regiment  into  the  service  of  the  LTnited  States  as  the  84th  N.  Y.  Volunteers.     Early 
in  July  the  regiment  crossed  into  Virginia  and  encamped  near  Arlington  House.     Two  companies  were  here 
added  to  the  organization,  which,  960  strong,  was  assigned  to  General  Andrew  Porter's  brigade.    The  cam- 
paign of  the  "  Red  Legged  Devils  "  began  on  July  16,  with  a  march  to  Armandale,  continued  the  next  day  to 
a  point  north  of  Centreville,  where  a  stop  was  made  until  the  21st.     Long  before  dawn  of  that  day  the 
troops  moved  out  of  camp.     In  the  battle  of  Lull  Run,  to  which  this  movement  was  preliminary,  the  regi- 
ment was  engaged  four  hours  and  a  half.     It  recaptured  the  guns  of  Rickett's  battery,  but  was  unable  to 
hold  them  for  lack  of  reinforcements;   such  was  its  conduct  generally  that  special  mention  of  the  regiment 
was  made  in  general  orders.      After  the  battle  the  F(.)urtcenth  returned  to  the  old  camp  at  Arlington,  and 
stayed  there  until  September  28,  when  it  participated  in  the  advance  upon  Munson's  and  Hall's  Hills.  Winter 
quarters  were  established  on  Upton's  Hill,  where  the  command  remained  until  the  spring  of  1862.     From 
that  time  until  the  regiment  was  mustered  out  of  service  it  was  engaged  in  twenty-one  battles.     Li  the  three 
days'  fight  at  Gettysburg  the  loss  was  fully  fifty  per  cent,  of  the  number  engaged:   iS  killed,  no  wounded 
and  90  missing.     There  was  no  hardship  of  war  that  the  gallant  soldiers  of  the  Fourteenth  did  not  endure. 
On   May   22,    1864,  came   the  order   for  its  return   home.     Cattle   cars  were  furnished  by  the  quartermas- 
ter's department,  and  on  the  afternoon  of  the  24th  the  regiment  was  on  its  way  to  Brooklyn.     At  Elizabeth- 
town  they  were  met  by  a  committee  of  Brooklyn  citizens,  while  at  Jersey  City  the  common  council  reception 
committee,  the  13th  Regiment  and  the   14th  Regiment  veteran  association,  were  on  hand  to  receive  them. 
The    demonstration  with  which  tlie   T'liurteenth  was  welcomed  by  the  thousands  of  people  who  lined  the 
streets  of  Brooklyn  was  one  never  to  be  forgotten.     'I'he   14th   Regiment,  originally  known  as  the  Brooklyn 
Chasseurs,  was  made   uj")  of  separate  companies  variously  uniformed  ;  it  was  not  until   1861   that  the   red 
Zouave  dress  was  adopted.      I'hilip  G.  Crooke,  of  I^'latbush,  was  the  first  colonel  ;  he  was  succeeded  in  1852 
by  Jesse  C.  Smith,  Viho  gave  way  to  Alfred  JNL  'Wood  ;   E.  B.  Prowler -was  made  colonel  on  October  24,  1S62  ; 
James  McLeer  took  command  in  1S73,  and  Harry  W.  Michell,  the  present  commandant,  in   1885.     Colonels 
Crooke,  Smith,  Fowler  and  IMcLeer  became  generals.     The  field  and  staff  officers  are  :  colonel,  Harry  \V. 
]\Iichell  ;  lieutenant-djlonel,  Selden  C.  Clobridge  ;   major,   Benjamin   S.   Steen  ;  commissary  of  subsistence, 
'W.  H.  Fitzgerald;  all  of  whom  served  through  the  war;  adjutant,  A.  L.  Kline;  surgeon,  Frank  L.  R.  Teta- 
more;  assistant  surgeon,  L.  J.  Cartloua  ;  chaplain,  J.  Oramel  Peck  ;  inspector  of  rifle  practice,  John  J.  Dixon. 
Colonel  H.\i;i;\'  \\'.  ^NIicHi.i.i,  has  been  the  commanding  officer  of  the  14th   Regim.ent  since   November 
30,  1S85,     He  enlisted   ni   the  regiment  when  the  days  of  holiday  soldiering  had  given  place  to  the  sterner 
period  of  at'tual  warfare,  the  date  of  his  enrollment  being  that  upon  which  the  regiment  gave  notice  of  its 
readiness  to  go  to  the  front.     Fie  was  a  member  of  Company  C,  and  was  so  good  a  soldier  that  on  August 

I,  1S61,  he  was  made  a  corporal,  and  three  months 
later  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  sergeant.  On  Feb- 
ruary II,  1S63,  he  was  commissioned  second  lieuten- 


ant. In  the  battle  of  Gettysburg  he  was  wounded  in 
the  breast,  but  continueil  in  the  discharge  of  his  duties, 
and  was  rewarded  on  July  27  by  the  placing  of  a  first 
lieutenant's  bar  upon  his  shoulder  straps.  In  the  bat- 
tle of  the  Wilderness  he  was  acting  as  assistant  adju- 
tant-general of  the  2d  Brigade  of  the  5th  Corps,  and 
while  attending  to  his  duties  on  May  5  was  taken 
prisoner.  He  was  a  prisoner  eleven  months  in  all, 
and  vi-as  finally  exchanged  just  before  the  war  ended. 
The  record  of  his  rise  to  the  command  of  the  14th 
Regiment  can  be  given  briefly  in  the  dates  of  his  com- 
mit.-ions,  as  follows  :  captain.  May  25,  1865  ;  major, 
March  25,  1875  ;  lieutenant-colonel,  October  29,  1883, 
and  colonel,  November  30,  1885.  In  every  position  to 
which  he  has  been  called  in  the  regiment  he  has  been 
v.n  indefatigable  worker,  and  he  has  sometimes  been 
spoken  of  as  "the  pride  of  the  Fighting  Fourteenth." 
for  the  i)ast  twenty  years  he  has  been  connected  with 
the  tax  office  of  Brooklyn.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
(band  Army  of  the  Republic  and  of  the  Knights  of  St. 
John  and  Malta.  New  York  city  is  his  native  place, 
and  he  was  born  on  March  23,  1837.  After  preparing 
for  college  at  a  school  in  Schoharie,  N.  Y,,  he  studied 
at  Hamilton  College. 


C'-iLoNM.   Hai;kv  \V.  iric 


THE    NATIONAL   GUARD. 


82s 


LlEUlENANT-COLOnEL  SELDEN   C.  CLOBRIDGE, 


The  military  record  of  Lieutenant-Colonel  Sel- 
DEN  C.  Clobridge  is  that  of  a  gallant  soldier  whose 
duty  was  performed  well  and  faithfully  in  the  face  of 
every  danger,  and  whose  scars  are  testimonials  of  his 
personal  bravery.  He  enlisted  in  the  115th  Regiment, 
N.  Y.  Volunteers,  on  August  8,  1862,  as  corporal,  and 
in  the  following  January  was  made  sergeant.  He 
was  wounded  in  the  leg  at  Olustee,  Fla.,  his  shoulder 
was  injured  at  Deep  Bottom,  Va.,  and  his  right  arm 
was  lost  in  the  assault  upon  Fort  Gilmer.  Corrrmis- 
sioned  lieutenant  on  April  29,  1865,  he  was  honorably 
discharged  from  the  service  with  the  brevet  rank  of 
major  in  the  New  York  State  Volunteers.  He  was 
appointed  adjutant  of  the  14th  Regiment  on  May  i, 
1878,  and  on  October  9,  1883,  he  received  his  commis- 
sion as  major.  He  was  promoted  to  the  rank  he  now 
holds  on  November  30,  1885.  His  energy  in  overcom- 
ing the  physical  inconvenience  caused  by  the  loss  of 
his  arm  has  been  remarkable.  By  practice  he  became 
one  of  the  most  accomplished  left  hand  penmen  in 
the  United  States  and  won  the  prize  for  this  class  of 
handwriting  which  was  offered  by  the  editor  of  a  mili- 
tary publication.  The  intrinsic  value  of  the  premium 
was  heightened  by  the  fact  that  it  was  awarded  through 
Admiral  Farragut,  whose  name  was  affixed  to  the  let- 
ter of  presentation,  though  at  the  time  the  admiral 
was  cruising  in  Russian  waters.  He  was  represented,  however,  by  General  U.  S.  Grant,  whose  signature 
ornaments  the  left  hand  corner  of  the  epistle,  and  Lieutenant-Colonel  Clobridge  thus  became  the  possessor 
of  a  document  to  which  is  appended  the  autographs  of  the  greatest  sailor  and  the  greatest  soldier  that 
the  Civil  war  produced.  He  was  born  on  January  15,  1846,  at  Turin,  Lewis  County,  N.  Y.  His  early  life 
was  spent  attending  to  the  duties  of  his  father's  farm  and  obtaining  such  education  as  the  country  schools 
and  an  academy  at  Fort  Edward  afforded.     Before  coming  to  New  York  he  spent  three  years  at  Albany  as 

a  clerk  in  the  office  of  Governor  Reuben  E.  Fenton, 
and  while  so  employed  he  drafted  the  original  bill 
creating  Prospect  Park.  For  eleven  years  he  served 
as  an  employee  at  the  custom  house.  At  this  writing 
he  holds  a  position  of  responsibility  in  the  office  of 
the  Brooklyn  tax  collector.  He  married  Eva  Beardslay 
Small,  daughter  of  Darius  Small,  a  farmer  near  Little 
Falls,  N.  Y. 

Major  Benjamin  S.  Steen  carries  an  empty  sleeve 
as  a  memento  of  the  services  he  rendered  his  country 
at  the  time  of  the  Civil  war.  He  enlisted  in  the  14th 
Regiment  on  October  15,  1858,  and  went  south  with 
his  comrades  when  they  left  Brooklyn  for  the  seat  of 
war.  He  then  held  the  rank  of  corporal.  He  was 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  sergeant  in  August  following, 
and  served  with  distinction  on  many  stubbornly  con- 
tested fields.  In  the  bloody  fight  at  Groveton,  on 
August  29,  1862,  he  lost  his  arm,  and  in  the  succeed- 
ing December  he  was  honorably  discharged  from  the 
service.  Soon  afterwards  he  was  given  a  commission 
in  the  158th  New  York  Volunteers,  but  his  wound  in- 
capacitated him.  He  was  elected  to  a  second  lieuten- 
antcy  in  his  old  regiment  on  May  27,  1865,  and  was 
promoted  to  the  grade  of  first  lieutenant  on  Novem- 
ber 2,  1867.  He  received  his  captain's  commission  on 
November  22,  1872,  and  was  given  his  major's  rank 
Major  Benjamin  s.  Steen.  on  May  20,  1889.      He  was  born  at  Flushing,  L.  I.,  on 


826 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


Lieutenant  A.  L.  Kline,  Adjutant. 


June  4,  1840,  and  spent  ten  years  of  his  life  in  the 
employ  of  the  Brooklyn  Eagle.  He  was  foreman  of 
the  pressroom  when  he  went  out  with  the  volunteers. 
For  twenty  years  he  has  been  employed  as  a  customs 
inspector. 

A.  L.  Kline,  adjutant  of  the  14th  Regiment,  is 
to-day  the  senior  adjutant  in  the  National  Guard  of 
New  York  State.  He  enlisted  in  the  "Fighting  Four- 
teenth," on  May  24,  1S76.  He  began  his  military  career 
as  a  private  and  every  promotion  has  been  a  well  de- 
served tribute  to  his  merit  as  a  soldier.  He  was  made 
a  corporal  on  September  13,  1878,  and  quartermaster- 
sergeant  on  December  i,  1881.  He  ceased  to  be  a 
non-commissioned  officer  on  January  23,  1882,  when 
he  became  a  second  lieutenant;  more  than  three  years 
afterwards,  on  March  16,  1S85,  he  was  advanced  to  the 
rank  of  first  lieutenant.  He  was  appointed  adjutant 
on  January  25,  1892.  He  was  born  at  Newton,  Sussex 
County,  N.  J.,  on  F'ebruary  21,  1857.  After  obtaining 
an  education  at  public  and  private  schools,  he  came  to 
live  in  Brooklyn  in  1872.  He  engaged  with  W.  C.  Peet 
&  Co.,  neckwear  manufacturers,  and  remained  with 
them  until  the  firm  dissolved  in  1886.  While  there  he 
received  a  thorough  education  in  the  business  and  was 
in  charge  of  the  selling  and  shipping  departments. 
He  and  his  brother,  B.  C.  Kline,  opened  their  present 
wholesale  furnishing  business,  at  529  Broadway,  in  June,  1890.  He  is  a  member  of  Fort  Greene  Council, 
Royal  Arcanum,  and  of  the  Genesta  Bowling  Club.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Grant  Monument  Association. 
The  quartermaster  of  the  14th  Regiment,  Frederick  E.  Shipman,  enlisted  in  the  National  Guard  on 
July  2,  1884,  as  a  private  in  Co.  F,  47th  Regiment.  He  was  made  quartermaster-sergeant  on  July  30,  1884, 
and  was  honorably  discharged  in  April,  1891.  He  reentered  the  service  in  less  than  a  year  and  was 
appointed  to  his  present  rank  on  January  25,  1892.  He  is  engaged  in  the  plate  glass  insurance  business  and 
is  now  superintendent  of  that  department  of  The 
Fidelity  and  Casualty  Insurance  Company.  He  was 
born  in  Brooklyn  on  January  30,  i860,  and  is  the  son 
of  E.  D.  Shipman,  a  manufacturer  of  agricultural  im- 
plements. His  grandfather  was  a  colonel  in  the  Con- 
necticut state  militia.  He  was  educated  at  the  public 
schools  in  the  Eastern  District,  which  he  attended 
until  his  seventeenth  year.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
masonic  fraternity.  He  married  Catherine  McCort, 
daughter  of  Peter  McCort,  of  Ohio. 

Frank  L.  R.  Tetamore,  M.  D.,  began  his  connec- 
tion with  the  National  Guard  as  a  hospital  steward  in 
April,  1S79,  when  he  joined  the  T4th  Regiment.  He 
was  made  assistant  surgeon  on  June  2,  1886,  and  sur- 
geon on  June  2,  1892.  He  studied  under  Dr.  George 
R.  Fowler,  surgeon  of  the  2d  Brigade,  and  was  gradu- 
ated from  the  Long  Island  College  Hospital  with  the 
class  of  1882.  He  at  once  began  to  practice  surgery 
and  acquired  prominence  as  a  specialist  in  those  deli- 
cate operations  which  relate  to  the  restoration  of  the 
face  by  transplanting  tissue.  He  successfully  demon- 
strated that  the  bones  of  animals  could  not  be  utilized 
in  restoring  injured  portions  of  the  face,  but  by  the 
transplanting  of  tissue  he  succeeded  in  constructing  an 
artificial  face  for  a  lady  from  Scranton,  Pa.,  who  was 
fearfully  disfigured  in  a  railway  accident  on  the  Read- 
ing road.      He  is  medical  examiner  for  the  Knights  lieutenant  fkeueriok  e.  shipman,  quartermaster. 


THE    NATIONAL    GUARD 


827 


of  St.  John  and  Malta  and  for  the  Fraternal  Mystic  Circle  ;  is  a  member  of  the  Chapter  General  of 
America,  the  highest  division  of  the  Knights  of  Malta.  He  was  born  at  Hudson,  Columbia  County,  N.  Y., 
on  August  28,  185 1,  and  during  his  boyhood  was  employed  as  a  druggist's  assistant. 

John  H.  Foote,  who  has  been  sergeant-major  of  the  regiment  since  December  14,  1891,  enlisted  on 
February  11,  18S5,  as  a  private  in  Company  B.  On  February  16,  1888,  he  was  made  quartermaster-sergeant, 
and  on  February  i,  the  next  year,  he  was  made  first  sergeant,  which  rank  he  held  nearly  three  years. 
He  is  a  native  of  Brooklyn  and  was  born  on  July  10,  1866.  He  was  educated  at  the  public  schools  and 
is  engaged  in  the  jewelry  business. 

Frederick  H.  Stevenson,  the  regimental  quartermaster-sergeant,  was  born  in  New  York  on  January 
28,  1864.  He  was  educated  at  the  Brooklyn  Business  College  When  fourteen  years  old  he  entered  the 
employ  of  his  father,  George  Stevenson,  a  wholesale  cigar  manufacturer.  He  is  now  a  salesman  for  another 
firm.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Royal  Arcanum  and  the  Order  of  Foresters.  His  military  record  began  on 
December  13,  1883,  when  he  entered  the  regiment  as  a  private  in  Company  A.  On  July  17,  1884,  he  was 
warranted  corporal  ;  on  October  15,  1886,  second  sergeant;  and  on  July  5,  1S88,  first  sergeant.  He  was 
made  quartermaster-sergeant  on  January  11,  1892.     His  record  of  attendance  is  100  per  cent. 

Color  Bearer  William  J.  Le  Pine  enlisted  in  the  14th  Regiment  in  April,  1865.  He  had  served  in  the 
navy  under  the  command  of  Commodore  Chauncey  and  for  a  time,  during  1857,  was  employed  on  the  steam 
frigate  "Niagara."  In  August,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  the  2d  N.  Y.  Volunteer  Cavalry,  and  after  two  years  of 
meritorious  service  he  was  honorably  discharged  because  of  illness.  For  si.x  months  after  joining  the  14th 
Regiment  he  served  as  a  private  in  Company  C.  He  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  corporal  at  the  end  of 
that  time  and  twelve  months  later  he  was  made  a  sergeant.  He  was  color  bearer  during  the  ten  years  end- 
ing in  1882,  and  was  reappointed  to  that  position  in  March,  1892.  He  was  born  in  London,  England,  on 
April  25,  1833,  and  first  saw  the  shores  of  America  when  he  was  eight  years  old.  He  has  earned  some  dis- 
tinction in  local  Republican  politics,  and  during  1881  and  1882  he  represented  the  thirteenth  ward  in  the 
board  of  aldermen.     For  ten  years  he  served  as  constable  and  deputy  sheriff. 

Captain  Hassell  Nutt,  of  Company  D,  enlisted  as  a  private  in  Company  I  on  April  2,  1873,  and  on 
June  17,  1874,  he  became  second  lieutenant.  He  was  promoted  to  the  next  higher  grade  in  July,  1876, 
was  appointed  adjutant  on  May  i,  1885,  and  commissary  of  subsistence  on  October  13,  1886.  A  year  later 
he  was  elected  to  the  command  of  Company  D.  He  is  in  the  employ  of  the  post  office  department.  He 
was  born  in  England,  at  the  seaport  of  Hull,  on  January  17,  1853,  and  in  his  boyhood  came  to  the  United 
States,  where  he  was  educated  at  public  and  private  schools.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Twenty-third  Ward 
Republican  Association,  the  Letter  Carriers'  Mutual  Benefit  Association,  the  National  Provident  Union, 
the  Order  of  Tonti  and  the  masonic  fraternity. 

William  L.  Garcia,  first  lieutenant  of  Company        -  ^-^-..™j,,,.,--,;^^,--  ., — _^™.  ,-- 

D,  joined  the  regiment  on  May  14,  18S6,  when  he 
enlisted  as  a  private  in  Company  E.  His  interest  in 
his  military  duties  has  been  active  from  the  first  and 
he  has  risen  from  grade  to  grade  with  considerable 
rapidity.  He  was  made  corporal  on  May  4,  1888  ;  ser- 
geant on  November  9,  1888;  first  sergeant  on  Feb- 
ruary 17,  1890;  and  commissary-sergeant  on  January 
II,  1892.  In  February,  1893,  he  was  elected  to  his 
present  rank  and  commissioned.  Born  in  New  York 
city  on  October  28,  1866,  he  was  educated  at  the  pub- 
lic schools  there  and  at  the  high  school. 

Captain  Edmund  H.  Mitchell,  of  Company  E, 
enlisted  in  the  volunteer  service  not  long  after  the 
beginning  of  the  Civil  war.  He  joined  the  51st  Regi- 
ment, N.  Y.  Volunteers,  which  was  commonly  known 
as  the  Shepherd  Rifles,  and  saw  a  great  deal  of  active 
service,  participating  in  most  of  the  earlier  operations 
under  McClellan.  He  was  twice  wounded  at  Antie- 
tam,  once  in  the  hand  and  once  in  the  head.  This 
incapacitated  him  for  a  time  and  he  returned  home. 
Shortly  after  the  reorganization  of  the  37th  Infantry 
as  a  part  of  the  State  National  Guard  he  became  a 
member  of  Company  B  and  continued  with  it  until  it 
was  disbanded.  In  1869  he  joined  the  14th  Regiment, 
enlisting  as  a  private  in  Company  A,  but  left  the  14th  captain  edmunu  h.  Mitchell. 


g^g  THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 

shortly  afterwards  on  being  elected  captain  of  Company  A,  84th  Regiment,  N.  G.,  S.  N.  Y.  He  returned 
to  the  14th  in  1870  and  was  transferred  by  Colonel  Debevoise  to  the  command  of  Company  E,  which  he 
reori^anized.  On  January  30,  1879,  he  retired,  but  was  again  elected  captain  of  his  old  company  on  Decem- 
ber 31,  1891.  He  was  born  in  Brooklyn  on  January  ig,  1846,  and  was  educated  at  the  public  schools,  the 
Free  Academy  of  New  York  and  Manhattan  College.  He  married  Miss  Louise  Marie  Maziere,  of  Mezieres, 
France,  whose  family  was  represented  by  several  of  its  members  in  the  French  military  service  and  in  the 

Belgian  army. 

The  commanding  officer  of  Company  G,  Captain  John  L.  J.  Hagcstrom,  enlisted  as  a  private  on  Sep- 
tember I,  1861.  He  was  made  quartermaster-sergeant  on  October  8,  1883,  and  became  left  general  guide 
on  April'4,  1884.  Two  years  later,  on  November  29,  he  was  made  commissary-sergeant  and  was  elected 
second  lieutenant  of  Company  G  on  February  26,  1890.  His  captain's  commission  was  dated  March  26, 
1891.  He  was  born  in  Sweden  on  March  g,  1859,  and  came  to  the  United  States  in  1880,  after  having  first 
undergone  a  collegiate  training  in  his  native  land.     He  has  been  engaged  twelve  years  as  a  photographer. 

Richard  H.  Harding,  Jr.,  captain  of  Company  B,  enlisted  in  the  ranks  of  the  National  Guard  on 
October  17,  1884.  He  joined  Company  I,  47th  Regiment,  as  a  private;  on  June  17,  1889,  he  was  elected 
second  lieutenant  of  Company  C,  14th  Regiment,  and  on  November  4  of  the  same  year  he  received  his 
commission  as  first  lieutenant.  On  March  25,  1892,  he  received  his  present  command.  He  was  born  at 
Spring  Valley,  N.  Y.,  on  April  4,  1865,  and  was  graduated  from  the  Polytechnic  Institute,  Brooklyn. 

Sergeant  James  T.  Ashley  enlisted  in  Company  H  in  1884,  and  was  made  a  corporal  two  years  later. 
Soon  aft^er  his  appointment  as  sergeant,  in  June,  1891,  he  was,  through  the  consolidation  of  two  companies, 
transferred  to  Company  I,  and  his  appointment  was  continued  with  the  original  date.  He  was  born  at 
Speedsville,  Tompkins  County,  N.  Y.,  on  September  29,  1866,  and  came  to  Brooklyn  at  the  age  of  five,  where 
he  attended  the  public  schools.  After  filling  several  clerical  positions  he  entered  the  banking  business  and 
was  employed  as  a  clerk  until  i88g,  when  he  was  appointed  assistant  national  bank  examiner  for  New  York 
city.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Twenty-third  Ward  Republican  Club,  and  the  Sigma  Alpha  Phi  Club,  of 
New  York. 

John  Cooper,  right  general  guide  and  acting  sergeant-major  of  the  first  battalion,  is  a  native  of  Eng- 
land and  was  born  in  London  on  February  25,  1865.  When  he  was  five  years  old  he  was  brought  to  the 
United  States,  and  was  educated  in  the  public  schools.  He  is  a  member  of  Fort  Greene  Lodge,  L  O.  0.  F., 
secretary  of  the  Mutual  Aid  Association  of  the  Brady  Manufacturing  Company,  and  recording  and  financial 
secretary  of  the  non-commissioned  staff  of  the  regiment.  He  enlisted  in  the  14th  Regiment  on  April  9, 
18S5,  joining  Company  I  as  a  private.  In  less  than  a  year  he  became  a  corporal,  and  on  March  2,  1887,  he 
was  detailed  as  a  marker.  On  March  19,  1888,  he  was  appointed  left  general  guide,  and  in  February,  1889, 
he  was  advanced  to  his  present  rank 

TWENTY-THIRD  REGIMENT. 

The  23d  Regiment,  although  the  youngest  save  one  of  all  the  state  regiments,  has  risen  to  an  eminence 
among  the  commands  composing  the  2d  Brigade  which  is  most  creditable  to  its  officers  and  members.  To 
so  high  a  degree  has  it  been  brought  in  equipment  and  discipline  that,  in  the  reports  of  the  inspector-gene- 
ral, it  has  received  the  highest  figure  of  merit  among  all  the  regiments  of  the  state.  The  organization  of 
the  regiment  resulted  from  a  movement  in  April,  1861,  for  the  formation  of  a  home  guard  which,  besides 
acquiring  proficiency  in  military  duty,  should  provide  relief  for  the  families  of  the  Brooklyn  City  Guard, 
then  away  at  the  front.  The  newly  formed  company  assumed  the  name  of  Relief  Guard,  Company  G,  13th 
Regiment.  It  adopted  the  fatigue  dress  of  the  13th  Regiment  as  its  uniform,  and  perfected  its  organi- 
zation by  electing  a  board  of  civil  officers.  On  June  19,  1861,  it  was  determined  to  change  the  name  of  the 
company  from  "  Relief  Guard  "  to  "  City  Guard  Reserve,"  and  at  the  same  time  a  movement  in  the  direc- 
tion of  regimental  organization  was  made.  Application  was  made  to  the  13th  Regiment  for  a  position  in  its 
ranks,  but  it  was  not  granted.  About  this  time  Governor  Morgan  authorized  the  enrollment  of  four  new 
regiments  of  militia  in  Kings  County,  to  be  known  as  the  nth  Brigade,  and  commanded  by  the  late  General 
Jesse  C.  Smith.  The  plan  of  regimental  formation  provided  for  the  drawing  by  lot  of  thirty-five  names 
from  the  relief  guard  to  form  Company  A  of  the  new  regiment,  designated  the  "  Twenty-third."  The 
E.xcelsior  Guard,  under  the  command  of  Captain  IJeers,  was  to  form  Company  B,  and  the  remaining  mem- 
bers of  the  reserve  were  to  form  Company  C.  The  drawing  took  place  on  January  20,  1862.  Upon  its 
conclusion  Company  A  was  mustered  into  the  state  service.  Company  B  was  sworn  in  on  the  following 
evening  and  Company  C  on  the  31st  of  the  same  month.  A  fourth  company,  D,  was  soon  after  accepted 
by  the  state  authorities.  This  company  numbered  about  sixty  men  drawn  from  the  City  Guard.  Within 
two  months,  four  more  companies,  G,  H,  I  and  K,  were  added,  raising  the  command  to  the  status  of  a  full 
regiment,  of  which  Captain  Everdell  was  elected  colonel.  On  June  16,  1863,  the  summons  came  for  the 
regiment  to  go  to  the  front.     Two  days  later  it  left  for  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  where  it  was  quartered  in  Camp 


THE   NATIONAL  GUARD. 


829 


Twenty-Third  Regiment  Armory. 

Curtin,  and  subsequently  sent  across  the  Susquehanna  to  Bridgeport  Heights,  to  garrison  Fort  Washington 
— an  unfinished  fortification  in  which  the  Twenty-third  received  its  first  introduction  to  the  pick  and 
shovel  as  weapons  of  modern  warfare.  On  June  29,  detachments  from  the  23d,  8th  and  56th  regiments  were 
sent  to  Oyster  Point  for  picket  duty.  Here  the  regiment  received  its  first  fire  from  the  enemy.  On  July  17 
it  started  on  the  return  trip  to  Brooklyn.  In  October,  1863,  Colonel  Everdell  resigned  his  commission  and 
was  succeeded  by  Colonel  Calvin  E.  Pratt.  Colonel  Pratt  commanded  the  famous  Light  Brigade  at  Marye's 
Heights,  and  was  brevetted  brigadier-general  for  conspicuous  gallantry.  He  commanded  the  regiment  until 
March,  1868,  his  successor  being  Colonel  Rodney  C.  Ward.  In  1871,  through  the  efforts  of  Colonel  Ward, 
a  bill  was  passed  by  the  legislature  appropriating  f  160,000  for  the  construction  of  a  new  armory  for  his 
command.  The  corner-stone  of  the  new  building  on  Clermont,  between  Myrtle  and  Willoughby  avenues, 
was  laid  by  Mayor  S.  S.  Powell,  in  October,  1872,  and  the  regiment  took  possession  of  its  new  home  on  Sep- 
tember 30,  1873.  In  April,  1873,  Company  G  had  disbanded,  but  the  vacant  letter  was  taken  up  in  Decem- 
ber of  the  same  )^ear  by  the  enlistment  in  a  body  of  the  Brooklyn  City  Guard — formerly  Company  G,  13th 
Regiment.  The  disbandment  of  Company  I,  in  December,  1874,  again  reduced  the  regiment  to  eight  com- 
panies, at  which  number  it  remained  until  1879,  when  Company  H  was  organized,  chiefly  from  the  cadet  corps 
of  the  regiment.  In  1884  a  new  company,  I,  was  organized  and  the  regiment  increased  to  ten  companies. 
In  July  of  the  centennial  year  the  command  went  to  Philadelphia  to  take  part  in  the  Fourth  of  July  parade. 
Six  months  later  the  regiment  formed  a  guard  of  honor  at  the  funeral  of  the  victims  of  the  Brooklyn 
theatre  disaster.  During  the  labor  troubles  of  1877  the  regiment  was  stationed  at  Hornellsville,  N.  Y., 
that  being  considered  the  key  to  the  strikers'  position  in  this  state.  Colonel  John  N.  Partridge  succeeded 
to  the  command  in  January,  1880.  He  resigned  in  February,  1882,  to  become  fire  commissioner  of  Brook- 
lyn, under  Mayor  Low.  A  month  later  Colonel  Rodney  C.  Ward  was  recalled  to  the  command  of  the 
regiment.  The  chief  event  of  Colonel  Ward's  second  administration  was  the  inauguration  by  this  regiment, 
on  July  18,  1882,  of  the  state  camp  of  instruction,  at  Peekskill.  The  state  service  uniform  was  adopted  the 
same  year.  Colonel  Ward  resigned  in  February,  i-886,  to  become  brigadier-general  of  the  4th  Brigade.  He 
was  succeeded  by  Charles  L.  Finck,  who  was  elected  colonel  on  March  22,  1886.  In  January,  1887,  the 
regiment  celebrated  its  first  quarter  century  of  active  duty.  Colonel  Finck  resigned  in  May,  1887,  on 
account  of  ill  health,  and  Lieutenant-Colonel  Alexander  S.  Bacon  commanded  the  regiment  until  October, 
when  Colonel  Partridge  was  recalled  to  the  command.  With  the  exception  of  the  chaplain,  the  present 
officers  of  the  regiment  have  all  carried  a  rifle  in  the  National  Guard,  and  all  but  Colonel  Partridge  and 
Lieutenant  Oliver,  the  commissary — who  were  officers  during  the  civil  war — have  served  as  enlisted  men  in 
the  Twenty-third.  The  field  and  staff  officers  in  1892  were:  colonel,  John  N.  Partridge;  lieutenant- 
colonel,  Alexis  C.  Smith;  major,  Ezra  DeForest ;  adjutant,  Theodore  W.  Sillcocks;  quartermaster,  George 


8^0 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 


Edward  Hall-  commissary  of  subsistence,  Richard  Oliver  ;  surgeon,  William  E.  Spencer  ;  assistant  surgeon, 
Henry  I  Cochran  •  chaplain,  H.  Price  Collier;  and  inspector  of  rifle  practice,  Heywood  C.  Broun.  At  the 
fill  meeting  of  theNational  Rifle  Association,  in  1891,  the  regimental  team  won  the  state  and  2d  Brigade 
prizes  A  "member  of  the  team,  Sergeant  Robert  Findlay,  Company  G,  won  the  military  championship  of 
the  United  States  m  the  president's  match  at  Creedmoor.  The  veteran  association  of  the  23d  Regiment 
was  or-anized  on  February  15,  1870,  and  incorporated  on  January  27,  1874.  The  board  of  officers  in  1892 
consist^'ed  of  General  Alfred  C.  Barnes,  president ;  Major  Darius  Ferry,  vice-president  ;  E.  S.  Benedict, 
secretary  ■  F   A.  Rand,  treasurer. 

Colonel  John  N  Partridge  was  born  at  Leicester,  Worcester  County,  Mass.,  in  1838,  and  there 
passed  his  early  boyhood  ;  but  when  his  school  days  ended  he  took  up  his  residence  in  Boston.  When  the 
Confederate  batteries  fired  upon  Fort  Sumter  he  was  a  private  in  the  New  England  Guards,  an  independent 

military  organization  of  Boston.  The  members  of  this 
association  volunteered  in  a  body  for  the  defence  of 
the  nation's  honor,  and  were  mustered  into  service  as 
the  4th  Battalion  of  Massachusetts  volunteer  militia, 
and  enrolled  among  the  thirty  days'  men  that  answered 
the  president's  first  call  for  troops.  At  the  end  of 
his  thirty  days'  term  of  service,  he  entered  the  24th 
Massachusetts  Volunteer  Infantry  as  a  first  lieutenant, 
and  was  promoted  to  a  captaincy  on  February  6, 1864. 
On  May  16,  of  the  same  year,  while  leading  his  com- 
pany in  the  assault  on  Fort  Darling,  at  Drury's  Bluff, 
on  the  James  River,  he  received  a  severe  wound  in 
the  temple,  and  was  discharged  from  the  service  on 
September  27  following,  on  account  of  sickness  con- 
tracted in  the  trenches  before  Petersburg.  He  made 
his  home  in  Brooklyn,  and  for  a  time  devoted  himself 
exclusively  to  business,  but  on  February  10,  1869,  he 
joined  Company  H  of  the  23d  Regiment,  and  was 
commissioned  first  lieutenant.  In  the  same  year  he 
was  elected  captain  of  Company  K,  and  in  1871  became 
major  of  his  regiment.  He  held  this  position  until 
March,  1875,  when  he  took  his  discharge.  The  life  of 
a  civilian,  however,  failed  to  satisfy  him,  and  once 
more,  at  the  solicitation  of  his  comrades,  his  name  was 
placed  on  the  regimental  rolls  and  he  was  made  com- 
missary of  subsistence  on  May  10,  1875.  In  June  of 
the  same  year  he  again  became  major,  and  on  June 
COLONEL  joH.N  N.  P..HTMDOL.  ^g^  ^g^g^  ,^  _  ^^.^^^  profflotcd  to  lieutenant-coloncl.   From 

January  10,  1S80,  until  February  15,  18S2,  he  was  colonel  of  the  regiment,  resigning  to  accept  the  office  of 
fire  commissioner,  under  Mayor  Low.  In  this  capacity  he  served  the  city  from  February  7,  18S2,  until 
February  5,  1S84,  introducing  many  reforms  and  greatly  improving  the  fire  department.  In  1884  he  was 
made  police  commissioner,  and  served  in  that  capacity  two  years.  In  October,  1887,  he  was  again  placed  at 
the  head  "  Ours,"  as  the  Twenty-third  is  called.  He  has  done  much  to  further  the  interests  of  the  regiment, 
To  his  efforts  is  due  the  state  appropriation  of  $300,000  for  the  new  armory  on  Bedford  avenue  and  Pacific 
street.     He  is  president  and  general  manager  of  the  Brooklyn  City  and  Newtown  Railroad  Company. 

Lieutenant-Colonel  Alexis  C.  Smith  is  a  Brooklynite  by  birth,  and  has  for  many  years  been  active 
in  the  local  militia.  He  was  born  on  February  2,  1852,  and  is  a  son  of  the  late  Jesse  C.  Smith,  who  was  for 
fifty  years  a  resident  of  Brooklyn,  and  held  the  office  of  surrogate  of  Kings  County  in  1852.  Jesse  C.  Smith 
was  colonel  of  the  14th  New  York  Regiment  before  the  war,  and  afterwards  organized  and  commanded  the 
nth  Brigade,  of  Brooklyn.  Alexis  C.  Smith  began  his  military  career  at  the  Polytechnic  Institute,  being  a 
member  there  of  a  company  of  which  Seth  Low  was  captain.  He  joined  Company  A,  23d  Regiment,  on 
March  i,  1876;  was  elected  corporal  on  September  4,  1S78,  and  sergeant  on  June  4,  1879.  Having  served 
a  year  as  instructor  of  the  cadet  corps  connected  with  the  regiment,  he  was  made  first  sergeant  of  Company 
H,  when  the  cadets  were  formally  enrolled  in  the  regiment  under  that  designation  in  September,  1879.  He 
was  elected  first  lieutenant  on  March  5,  1880,  captain  on  October  16,  1882,  and  lieutenant-colonel  on 
December  5,  1887.     Like  his  father  before  him,  he  is  a  lawyer  as  well  as  a  military  man. 

Major  Ezra   Df.  Forest  has  served  more  than  twenty  years  in  the  23d  Regiment  and  has  risen  through 
every  grade  fr(jm  that  of  private  to  the  one  he  now  hcjlds.     He  was  born  in  Bridgeport,  Conn.,  in  185 1,  but 


THE    NATIONAL    GUARD. 


831 


has  lived  in  this  city  since  infancy.  He  was  educated  at  the  public  schools  and  at  the  Adelphi  Academy, 
from  which  he  was  graduated.  On  October  19,  1872,  he  enlisted  in  Company  C,  23d  Regiment.  He  married, 
in  1880,  Mary  Gordon  Wilber,  daughter  of  Dr.  J.  G.  Wilber. 

Richard  Oliver,  commissary  in  the  23d  Regiment,  is  the  oldest  commissioned  officer  in  the  state  of  New 
York.  He  served — from  April  19,  1861 — one  year  in  the  yth  Regiment  as  private  and  the  remaining  three 
years  of  the  war,  until  its  close,  in  the  13th  Regiment  as  second  lieutenant.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the 
rifle  team  since  1885,  and  has  won  many  medals.  He  is  now  second  lieutenant  of  the  Veteran  Association 
of  the  Brooklyn  City  Guard.  He  has  long  been  a  citizen  of  Brooklyn,  and  has  devoted  many  years  of  his 
life  to  mission  work  in  the  fifth  ward.  He  is  a  jeweler  doing  business  in  New  York.  He  is  an  Englishman 
by  birth,  and  is  sixty-five  years  old.  He  received  a  good  education  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  He  has  found  time, 
besides  looking  after  the  poor,  to  indulge  his  public  spirit  in  other  matters  also  beneficial  to  the  city.  He 
was  one  of  the  originators  of  the  Young  Republican  Club  ;  was  some  years  a  member  of  the  volunteer  fire 
department,  and  has  been  identified  with  the  E.xcelsior  Club  since  1857. 

Captain  Willard  LyiM.\n  Candee  has  lived  in  Brooklyn  since   1862,  and  his  residence  is  one  of  the 
centres  of  social  life  in  Brooklyn.     He  married  when 
twenty-one  years  old,  his  wife  being  a   daughter   of 

Timothy  Cornwall,  and  a  member  of  one  of  the  oldest  ' 

families  in  Brooklyn.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Union 
League  Club  and  vice-president  of  the  Electric  Club,  of 
New  York.  In  1875  he  enlisted  in  the  23d  Regiment 
as  a  private  in  Company  C,  and  he  is  now  captain  of 
Company  B,  ranking  as  the  senior  captain  in  the  regi- 
ment. He  is  one  of  the  best  marksmen  in  the  service, 
and  has  been  a  winner  of  trophies  from  the  beginning 
of  the  competitive  rifle  contests  in  the  state  militia, 
winning  a  bar  every  year  since  1875.  His  progress 
in  the  science  of  military  tactics  is  indicated  by  the 
record  of  his  advance  from  the  ranks  ;  he  was  made 
sergeant  of  Company  C  in  January,  1877  ;  first  ser- 
geant in  May,  1879;  was  elected  second  lieutenant  of 
Company  B  just  a  year  after  and  attained  the  rank  of 
first  lieutenant  late  in  1882.  In  the  business  world  he 
occupies  the  position  of  resident  manager  of  the  Inter- 
national Okonite  Company  (Limited).  This  is  an  Eng- 
lish corporation,  and  its  annual  meetings  are  held  in 
England,  but  it  is  of  American  origin.  Captain  Candee 
was  for  a  time  a  director  of  the  Franklin  Avenue  street 
railroad,  of  Brooklyn,  and  he  is  vice-president  of  the 
Suburban  Electrical  Light  Company,  of  Elizabeth,  N.  J. 
He  began  his  business  career  in  the  machine  manu- 
facturing business,  from  which  he  went  into  the  busi- 
ness of  electric  lighting,  and  then  into  the  telephone 
business.  He  laid  the  first  cable  across  the  Brooklyn  Bridge  when  Henry  C.  Murphy  was  president,  and  later 
became  interested  in  the  manufacture  of  wires  for  electrical  purposes.  He  was  born  in  Yonkers,  N.  Y.,  in 
1851,  and  is  the  son  of  the  late  Edward  W.  Candee,  who  for  many  years  was  in  the  stock  brokerage  busi- 
ness in  New  York,  and  was  afterwards  in  the  real  estate  business  in  Brooklyn.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Adelphi  Academy. 

Charles  R.  Silkman,  captain  of  Company  G,  joined  Company  C  on  February  20,  1882,  as  a  private 
and  in  1883  he  was  elected  a  corporal.  In  June,  1885,  he  was  given  the  rank  of  sergeant  by  a  unanimous 
vote.  When  the  regiment  visited  Newport  in  1886  he  accompanied  it  and  wore  the  shoulder  straps  of  a 
second  lieutenant.  His  promotion  to  the  first  lieutenancy  of  the  company  was  made  in  January,  1890.  Eight 
months  later  he  was  elected  captain  of  Company  G  in  the  same  regiment,  and  his  commission  was  issued 
to  him  in  September,  1890.  The  company  has  maintained  an  e.xcellent  character  under  his  command  and 
stands  high  in  the  matters  of  drill,  discipline  and  numbers.  As  a  business  man  he  has  had  a  successful 
career  and  is  now  engaged  in  the  drygoods  commission  business  in  New  York.  He  began  as  a  boy  in  the  dry- 
goods  store  of  William  Knisely  &  Co.,  in  that  city.  In  1883  he  interested  a  number  of  capitalists,  among 
whom  was  Governor  Howard,  of  Rhode  Island,  in  a  project  for  the  manufacture  of  book-binders'  cloth. 
The  result  was  the  organization  of  the  Interlaken  Mills,  at  Providence,  R.  I.  Mr.  Silkman  was  born  in 
New  York  city  on  May  27,  1859,  and  was  a  student  at  Madison  University,  Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  until   1876, 


Captain  Willakd  L.  Candee. 


832 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


when  he  began  his  business  experience.  In  1880  he 
married  Irene  E.  Hallock,  daughter  of  Thomas  A. 
Hailoci^,  of  Mattituck,  L.  I.  He  has  been  a  member 
of  the  Union  League  Club  since  1890. 

Charles  H,  Pennover,  who  joined  the  Brooklyn 
City  Guard  on  May  28,  1862,  has  been  in  the  military 
service  of  the  state  continuously  since  that  time. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  13th  Regiment  for  eleven 
years,  became  a  corporal  and  afterwards,  a  sergeant  in 
Company  G,  and  was  the  recipient  of  the  ten  years' 
war  service  medal  given  by  that  regiment  to  long 
service  men  who  were  war  veterans.  He  left  the 
Thirteenth  in  1873  to  join  the  23d  Regiment  as  ser- 
geant of  Company  G,  and  afterward  he  became  first 
sergeant.  He  is  the  oldest  member  of  the  regiment 
in  point  of  service  and  has  received  its  ten  year  and 
its  fifteen  year  war  service  medals.  He  was  born  in 
Norwalk,  Conn.,  on  September  8,  1841,  and  came  to 
Brooklyn  in  his  boyhood.  He  attended  the  public 
schools  until  he  was  seventeen  years  old,  when  he 
obtained  employment  in  a  hardware  store,  where  he 
continued  until  he  went  to  the  front  with  the  13th 
Regiment.  Later  he  went  to  California,  and  was 
engaged  eighteen  months  in  the  hardware  and  min- 
ing implement  business.  Returning  to  New  York  he 
was  employed  as  salesman  with  William  Bryce  &  Co., 
hardware  dealers,  of  New  York,  seventeen  years.  Then  he  founded  the  United  States  Net  and  Twine 
Company,  and  was  a  partner  in  that  concern  from  1881  until  1886.  In  November,  1886,  he  began  in  New 
York  his  present  business,  which  is  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  fishing  tackle,  twine  and  sporting  goods. 


Captain  Charles  R.  .Silk.vian, 


FORTY-SEVENTH    REGIMENT. 

The  47th  Regiment  had  its  beginning  in  the  summer  and  fall  of  1861,  when  three  companies  of  home 
guards  were  organized  in  the  eastern  section  of  the 
city.  With  the  understanding  that  a  regiment  was  to 
be  formed,  J.  V.  Meserole  took  command  of  one  of 
these,  which  afterward  was  known  as  Company  A.  On 
January  17,  1862,  the  first  three  commands  were  mus- 
tered into  the  service  of  the  state.  Company  D  was 
sworn  in  during  the  month,  and  Companies  E  and  F 
in  March.  As  there  were  then  si-x  companies,  regi- 
mental organization  was  effected,  and  an  election 
for  colonel  was  held.  Captain  J.  V.  Meserole  was 
chosen  for  the  position,  and  the  regiment  was  desig- 
nated in  his  honor,  the  Forty-seventh,  he  having  been 
a  membe-  of  the  fourth  company  of  the  7th  Regi- 
ment. In  May,  Companies  G  and  H  were  sworn  in. 
About  two  months  after  thg  election  of  Colonel  Mese- 
role word  came  from  state  headquarters  to  prepare 
for  duty  at  the  front.  At  noon  on  May  29  marching 
orders  were  received  and  at  half-past  four  o'clock  the 
ne.xt  day  the  regiment  started  on  its  way  to  Washing- 
ton. A  short  stay  was  made  at  the  capitol,  and  then 
the  regiment  was  ordered  to  Baltimore,  where  it  estab- 
lished Camp  Williamsburgh,  on  Druid  Hill.  The  4th 
New  York  vacated  Fort  McHenry  soon  afterwards,  and 
the  47th  took  possession.  On  June  i8th  the  regiment 
was  mustered  into  the  United  States  service  for  a 
term  of  three  months  from  the  time  it  left  Brooklyn. 
The  47th  was  relieved  by  the   18th  Connecticut  and  Colonel  John  G.  eddy. 


THE   NATIONAL  GUARD. 


^33 


Forty-Seventh  Regiment  Armory  (Present),  North  Portland  Avenue. 

marched  from  the  fort  to  Baltimore  on  its  way  home.  Companies  C  and  H  were  disbanded,  and  the  other 
companies  were  kept  at  work  in  their  quarters  until  June,  1863,  when,  with  Company  I,  which  has  been 
organized  in  February,  it  went  to  the  front  again,  this  time  to  Virginia.  After  thirty  days'  service  the 
regiment  was  recalled  on  account  of  the  draft  riots,  and  continued  on  duty  in  Brooklyn  for  two  months. 
Company  K,  Captain  Powell,  was  mustered  into  the  regiment  on  February  5,  1862,  and  another  company, 
H,  was  organized  in  the  fifteenth  ward  by  Captain  Sullivan,  but  at  present  it  is  not  in  existence.  On 
April  8,  1868,  Colonel  Meserole  was  made  brigadier-general  and  David  E.  Austen,  now  in  command  of  the 
13th  Regiment,  was  chosen  colonel  of  the  47th.  He  was  succeeded  on  September  5,  1877,  by  William  H. 
Brownell,  who  was  followed,  on  his  promotion  to  brigadier-general,  by  Major  Truman  V.  Tuttle,  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  George  C.  Bradley  having  resigned.  After  Colonel  Tuttle,  the  commandant  was  Edward  F.  Gaylor, 
the  predecessor  of  John  G.  Eddy,  the  present  colonel  of  the  regiment.  The  field  and  staff  officers  of  the 
regiment  are  colonel,  John  G.  Eddy;  lieutenant-colonel,  William  Henry  Hubbell ;  major,  William  R.  Petti- 
grew;  adjutant,  Walter  F.  Barnes  ;  quartermaster,  Andrew  R.  Baird  ;  commissary  of  subsistence,  John  George 
Herold,  Jr.;  surgeon,  Charles  N.  Co.x  ;  assistant  surgeon,  Fred  DeForest  Bailey;  chaplain,  James  Henry 
Darlington;  inspector  of  rifle  practice,  Frank  J.  LeCount,  Jr. 

Colonel  John  G.  Eddy  owes  his  predilection  for  military  life  in  some  measure  to  the  influence  of 
heredity.  His  great-grandfather,  John  Eddy,  was  an  ensign  in  the  train  band  of  Gloucester,  Mass.,  and 
held  a  commission  dated  May  6,  1776;  he  fought  in  the  revolutionary  war.  His  grandfather,  John  Eddy, 
Jr.,  was  colonel  in  the  Massachusetts  militia  and  also  served  as  a  member  of  the  Bay  State  legislature. 
Colonel  Eddy  is  the  direct  descendant  of  William  Eddy,  born  at  Bristol,  England,  in  1550,  and  of  John 
Eddy,  who  with  his  brother  arrived  at  Plymouth,  Mass.,  on  August  10,  1630.  John  G.  Eddy  was  born  in 
New  York  on  August  17,  1852,  but  was  educated  at  public  school  No.  11  in  this  city;  after  being  graduated 
there  he  engaged  in  business  with  his  father  George  M.  Eddy,  with  whom  he  is  now  associated  in  the  firm  of 
George  M.  Eddy  &  Co.  Colonel  Eddy  entered  the  ranks  of  the  47th  Regiment  as  a  private,  on  November 
16,  1875;  he  became  second  lieutenant  on  October  30,  1877  ;  first  lieutenant  on  October  8,  187S;  adjutant 
on  April  6,  1881  ;  major  on  November  19,  1884;  lieutenant-colonel  on  April  2,  1S90;  and  colonel  on  March 
18,  1891.  Colonel  Eddy  has  qualified  as  a  marksman  at  Creedmoor  for  sixteen  successive  years,  and  for 
six  years  was  a  member  of  the  2d  Brigade  examining  board  He  is  a  member  of  the  Union  League  Club. 
In  1879  he  married  Miss  Virginia  H.  O'Hara,  of  Brooklyn. 

THIRD   BATTERY. 

What  is  now  the  Third  (Gatling)  Battery  was  organized  on  August  15,  1864,  by  Major  E.  O.  Hotchkiss, 
a  member  of  Brigadier-General  J.  C.  Smith's  staff.     It  was  known  as  Company  A,  first  Battery,  light  artillery, 


834 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


and  was  armed  with  howitzers.  Major  Hotchkiss,  who 
was  the  first  commandant,  was  succeeded  by  First 
Lieutenant  Joseph  S.  Amoore.  In  1868  he  gave  way 
to  First  Lieutenant  Ira  L.  Beebe  and,  in  1870,  on  the 
Latter's  appointment  as  chief  of  artillery  on  the  2d 
Division  staff,  W.  H.  H.  Beebe  took  command.  Suc- 
ceeding him,  Julius  F.  Simons  was  captain  and  in  1872 
Ira  L.  Beebe  returned  to  his  old  position.  He  was 
followed  by  John  A.  Edwards,  whose  successor  was 
Henry  S.  Rasquin,  the  present  commandant.  The  bat- 
tery was  housed  originally  in  the  old  state  armory  on 
the  site  of  the  present  quarters  of  the  14th  Regiment. 
In  May,  1875,  when  it  had  become  the  Catling  Battery 
of  the  nth  Brigade,  it  was  transferred  to  the  city 
armory  on  Henry  street.  Designated  on  January  i, 
187S,  as  Battery  N,  it  was  four  years  later  renamed  the 
3cl  Battery.  Just  previous  to  the  election  of  Captain 
i^„™4    '^j^j^^B^^Uffl^t^^W  Rasquin,  the  command  moved  from  Henry  street  to 

I*     3*    'SH^^^P  I^^B^^K  Cothic   Hall,   on   Adams    street.      This    building  was 

destroyed  by  fire  on  December  19,  1882,  and  from  that 
time  until  the  battery  had  a  home  of  its  own,  at  759- 
765  Dean  street,  drills  were  held  in  the  14th  Regiment 
armory,  on  North  Portland  avenue.  The  battery 
made  its  first  public  appearance  with  howitzers  at  the 
obsequies  of  President  Lincoln.  During  the  railroad 
riot  of  1S77  it  was  called  out  to  do  active  duty. 
The  battery  is  now  armed  with  four  fifty  calibre  Catling  guns  and  four  twelve  pound  howitzers.  Over 
seventy  men  are  on  the  muster  roll  and  a  fine  showing  is  always  made  of  the  men  at  inspection  and  on 
parade.  The  officers  are  :  captain,  Henry  S.  Rasquin  ;  first  lieutenant,  Henry  H.  Rogee  ;  second  lieutenants, 
George  E.  Laing  and  E.  1).  Chemidlin  ;  surgeon,  C.  D.  Beasley.  A  biographical  sketch  of  Captain 
Henry  S.  Rasquin,  whose  portrait  is  here  given,  will  be  found  in  the  chapter  on  The  Bench  and  Bar. 


Captain  Henry  S.  Rasquin. 


SIGNAL  CORPS. 

The  Signal  Corps  attached  to  the  2d  Brigade  was  organized  as  a  part  of  the  nth  Brigade  in  1879,  by 
Major  Morris  B.  Farr,  under  orders  from  General  Edward  L.  Molineu.x,  the  members  being  volunteers  from 
the  several  regiments.  In  1S85  General  Molineux  made  it  a  distinct  organization,  directed  by  Major 
(;e()rge  R.  Herbert,  as  signal  officer,  and  attached  the  corps  to  the  headquarters  of  the  2d  Division. 
Major  H.  D.  Perrine,  who  had  been  the  first  captain  of  the  corps,  succeeded  Major  Herbert  as  signal 
ofiicer  in  Afay  of  the  following  year  and  Captain  Frederick  T.  Leigh  took  command  of  the  corps.  A  few 
months  later  the  division  was  abolished,  and  the  corps  was  ordered  to  disband  ;  but  through  the  efforts  of 
General  McLeer  and  others  it  was  not  mustered  out  of  service,  and  in  1887  Governor  Hill  authorized  the 
formation  of  a  2d  Brigade  signal  corps.  Captain  Frederick  T.  Leigh  was  appointed  signal  officer  on  the  2d 
Brigade  Staff,  continuing  in  command  of  the  new  organization,  and  the  headquarters  of  the  corps  were  estab- 
lished in  a  room  on  the  top  floor  of  the  Hall  of  Records,  near  the  headquarters  of  the  brigade.  From  the 
roof  of  the  building  communication  with  the  several  armories  of  the  city  can  be  easily  established.  Signals 
are  made  in  the  day  time  with  red  or  white  flags,  according  as  the  background  is  light  or  dark.  At  night 
the  signaling,  or  "wig-wagging,"  as  it  is  called,  is  done  with  torches.  The  flags  designated  as  "large"  and 
"small"  are  four  and  two  feet  square,  and  are  mounted  on  poles  eight  and  four  feet  long  respectively. 
The  American  Morse  alphabet  is  used.  The  dot  is  represented  by  a  movement  to  the  right  of  the  sender, 
the  dash  by  a  movement  to  the  left,  and  a  motion  to  the  front  denotes  a  space.  In  the  rapidity  and  correct- 
ness  of  the  work  Captain  Leigh's  men  are  unexcelled  by  any  similar  organization  in  the  country. 

ex-officers 

It  is  difficult,  within  ordinary  limits  of  space,  to  do  justice  to  the  achievements  of  Major-General 
Edward  L.  Mulinku.x,  or  to  give  expression  to  what  his  comrades  and  subordinates  would  say  of  him.  A 
mere  catalogue  of  his  distinguished  services  in  the  army  and  in  the  service  of  the  state — any  one  of  them 
sufficient  for  a  "record" — would  fill  images  of  this  volume;  and  every  man  who  has  come  in  contact  with 
him  in  official  relations  has  something  to  add  to  the  story  of  his  bravery,  wisdom,  skill,  prudence  and  con- 
siderateness.     With  countless  opportunities  for  putting  himself  forward,  he  was  always  ready  to  leave  all 


THE    NATIONAL    GUARD. 


83s 


the  show  work  to  others,  and  every  member  of  his  division  stafi  remembers  how  he  invariably  cautioned 
them  to  see  that  the  brigade  commanders  had  full  credit  for  what  was  done.  He  was  born  on  October  12, 
1833,  in  London,  England,  of  a  family  which,  under  the  name  of  Molyneux,  had  flourished  since  the  days  of 
the  Conqueror.  Coming  to  America  in  his  infancy,  he  was  educated  at  the  Mechanics'  Society  School,  in 
New  York,  and  entered  the  business  house  of  ex-mayor  Daniel  F.  Tiemann,  in  which  he  became  a  partner, 
continuing  there  until  the  beginning  of  the  war.  After  the  war  he  became  a  partner  in  the  wholesale  paint 
and  artists'  supplies  house  of  C.  T.  Raynolds  &  Co.,  where  he  remains.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Chamber  of 
Commerce,  of  the  New  York  Board  of  Trade  and  Transportation,  and  has  held  various  offices  in  the  associ- 
ations of  the  paint  trade.  His  soldiering  began  in  1854,  when  he  became  a  member  of  the  Brooklyn  City 
Guard,  Company  G,  13th  Regiment.  At  the  first  call  for  troops  in  1861,  he  joined  the  7th  Regiment  and 
went  to  the  front.  Returning,  he  was  prominent  in  the  organization  of  the  23d  Regiment,  of  which  he 
became  lieutenant  colonel,  and  was  instrumental  in  reorganizing  the  nth  Brigade.     In  1862,  with  the  rank 

of  lieutenant-colonel,  he  raised  the  139th  Regiment, 
N.  Y.  Volunteers,  and  in  November  of  that  year,  as  full 
colonel,  he  was  mustered  with  his  regiment  into  the 
service  of  the  United  States.     Assigned  to  the  Banks 
expedition,   his   men  were  the  first  to  land  at  Baton 
Rouge,  La.    At  the  battle  of  Irish  Bend,  April  14,  1863, 
as  he   was  leading  his  men  and   rallying  them   with 
"  Forward,  New  York  ! "  he  was  shot  in  the  mouth,  the 
ball  carrying  away  part  of  his  jaw.    The  "  draft  riots  " 
occurring  during  his  absence  on  sick   leave,  he  vol- 
unteered  his   services  and   did   effective   duty  during 
those  troubles.     He  was  back  in  the  field  by  July,  and 
served  as  assistant  inspector  on  the  staff  of  Major- 
General  Franklin ;    as  provost    marshal   general   and 
commissioner  for  exchange  of  prisoners  ;  as  military 
commander  of  the  La  Fourche  District ;  at  Bermuda 
Hundreds  with  Butler,  and  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley. 
He  was  promoted  to  be  brigadier-general  for  conspicu- 
ous gallantry  and  zeal  at  Fisher's  Hill,  Winchester  and 
Cedar  Creek.       He  was  afterwards  brevetted  major- 
general  for  gallantry  during  the  war.    As  military  com- 
mander of  the  northern  district  of  Georgia,  near  the 
end  of  the  war  and  after  it,  he  not  only  secured  obedi- 
ence to  the  government,  but  did  it  so   wisely  as  to 
receive  the  thanks  of  the  mayor,  citizens  and  common 
council  of  Augusta  for  his  "  bold  administration  of  mili- 
tary law,"  which  "brought  order  out  of  chaos"  while 
it  "respected  the  rights  of  the  citizens,"  and  led  them 
Among  the   endorsements  on   his  papers  recommending  his 
promotion  were  those  of  Generals  Sheridan,  Gillmore,  Emory,  Hurlbut,  Grover,  Birge,  Woodford  and  others. 
In  1868  he  was  by  act  of  legislature  commissioned  major-general  for  his  sevices  during  the  war.     When  the 
nth  Brigade,  N.  G.,  S.  N.  Y.,  was  organized  he  became  the  brigade  inspector.     In   1879  he  was  given  the 
command  of  the  brigade,  and  in  1884  he  v/as  appointed  by  Governor  Cleveland  major-general,  commanding 
the  2d  Division.     During  his  tenure  of  this  command,  which  lasted  until  all  the  Brooklyn  regiments  were 
included  in  a  single  brigade,  he  devoted  himself  to  practically  preparing  the  troops  for  service.     Special 
attention  was  given  to  street  riot  drill,  both  by  day  and  by  night ;  field  mancEuvres  over  rough  ground,  and 
out-door  drill  in  winter,  which  he  demonstrated  was  healthier  than  summer  work.     His  development  of  the 
signal  service  in  the  National  Guard  was  perhaps  the  most  strikingly  successful  of  his  measures.     Among 
his  contributions  to  military  literature  are  published  articles  on  "Riots  in  Cities,"  "Railroad  Riots  and 
their  Suppression,"  and  "  Military  Drill  in  Public  Schools."     His  plan  for  the  latter  form  of  education  was 
practically  exemplified  in  the  cadet  system  of  Boston.     Abroad  he  has  been  identified  with  the  problem  of 
military  operations  in  desert  campaigns,  for  which  he  submitted  plans  for  a  water  supply  on  the  principle 
of  the  American  pipe-lines.     He  offered  to  take  a  corps  of  five  hundred  American  rifles  to  attempt  the 
relief  of  Gordon  at  Khartoum,  paying  his  own  expenses  and  serving  without  compensation,  if  James  Gordon 
Bennett  would  guarantee  the  funds  of  the  corps.     General  Molineux  was  president  of  the  National  Rifle 
Association  during  the  time  of  the  international  match  in  which  Sir  Henry  Halford  captained  the  British 
team.     He  has  been  commander  of  the  New  York  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion,  president  of  the 


Major-general  Edward  L.  Molineux. 
to   "  cherish   a  sincere    respect "   for  him. 


§36 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


United  Service  Club  and  19th  Army  Corps,  vice-president  of  the  Society  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and 
is  a  member  of  Rankin  Post,  No.  10,  G.  A.  R.  As  a  mason  he  is  a  member  of  Mistletoe  Lodge.  He  is  also 
a  member  of  the  Brooklyn  and  the  United  Service  club. 

Ceneral  Edward  B  Fowler,  war  colonel  of  the  14th  Regiment,  possesses  an  enviable  record  of  mili- 
tary service  His  ancestors  were  among  the  early  settlers  of  Hempstead,  L.  I.  He  was  born  in  New  York 
in  1827  but  his  family  came  to  Brooklyn  when  he  was  an  infant.  Besides  availing  himself  of  the  educa- 
tional f'acilites  afforded  by  the  public  schools  of  that  period,  he  received  special  instruction,  from  a  graduate 
of  Yale  College  ia  mathematics,  for  which  he  evinced  a  marked  talent,  and  in  other  studies  not  included  in 
the  school  curriculum  Early  in  life  he  displayed  a  predilection  for  military  affairs,  and  at  the  age  of  eighteen 
was  serving  as  first  sergeant  of  the  Union  Blues.     When  the   14th  Regiment  was  organized  in  1847,  he 

received  a  lieutenant's  commission  and  afterward  rose 
through  every  rank  to  that  of  colonel.  When  the 
14th  went  to  the  front  he  gave  up  his  position  as  an 
accountant  with  the  Brooklyn  Gas  Light  Company 
and  engaged  in  active  service  as  lieutenant-colonel. 
He  succeeded  to  the  command  of  his  regiment  after 
the  first  battle  of  Bull  Run.  In  that  memorable 
engagement  Lieutenant-Colonel  Fowler  was  reported 
to  have  been  killed,  and  extended  obituary  notices 
were  published  in  the  daily  papers  on  the  decease  of  a  . 
gallant  soldier.  He  was  seriously  wounded  at  Grove- 
ton,  or  the  second  Bull  Run,  and  again  at  Gettysburg, 
but  on  the  latter  occasion  his  injury  was  not  grave 
enough  to  prevent  his  continuing  in  command  of  his 
men.  During  the  war  he  also  participated  in  the  en 
gagements  at  Binn's  Hill,  Falmouth,  Spottsylvania 
Rappahannock  Station,  Sulphur  Springs,  Gainesville 
Seminary  Hill,  Mine  Run,  the  Wilderness,  Laurel  Hill 
and  Spottsylvania  Court  House,  in  all  of  which  he  was 
eiiher  in  command  of  the  regiment  or  of  the  brigade  tc 
which  it  was  attached.  He  was  mustered  out  of  ser- 
vice with  his  regiment  on  June  6,  1864,  and,  for  gal- 
lant and  meritorious  conduct,  was  brevetted  brigadier- 
general.  His  connection  with  the  14th  continued  for 
a  year  or  two  longer,  until  terminated  by  his  resigna- 
tion. He  has  been  for  years  president  of  the  14th  N.  Y. 
S.  M.  War  Veteran  Association.  General  Fowler's  ener- 
gies, since  his  return  from  the  war,  have  been  succes- 
sively directed  to  duties  as  custom  house  official,  merchant,  bank  officer,  chief  clerk  of  the  Brooklyn  board  of 
audit,  treasurer  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Telegraph  Company,  chief  clerk  of  the  internal  revenue  depart- 
ment of  this  city,  and  auditor  of  the  Commercial  Cable  Company,  of  New  York.  He  was  at  one  time  a 
member  of  the  Kings  County  board  of  supervisors,  representing  the  eleventh  ward  in  that  body.  In  1852 
he  married  Miss  Annie  Cook.  The  fire  in  General  Fowler's  house,  at  532  Monroe  street,  on  March  15, 
1891,  remains  fresh  in  the  recollection  of  a  community  that  keenly  sympathized  with  him  in  the  death  of  his 
youngest  son,  William  D.,  who  lost  his  life  on  that  occasion. 

Edward  Fackner,  ex-colonel  of  the  13th  Regiment,  is  not  at  present  actively  connected  with  the 
National  Guard,  but  is  a  thorough  guardsman,  having  served  the  state  twenty-two  years.  He  was  born  in  New 
York  city  in  1849,  and  before  he  had  completed  his  education  the  civil  war  had  begun.  In  June,  1863,  when 
but  fourteen  years  old,  he  went  to  the  front  with  the  12th  Regiment,  N.  G.,  S.  N.  Y.,and  passed  his  fifteenth 
birthday  in  Carlisle,  Pa.,  when  the  Confederates  under  General  Fitz  Hugh  Lee  stormed  that  town.  In  1886 
he  married  the  eldest  daughter  of  Leonard  Moody,  and  later  entered  his  father-in-law's  real  estate  office,  of 
which  he  is  now  the  manager.  He  inherited  his  military  tastes  from  his  father,  who  served  twenty-seven 
years  in  the  militia  and  was  captain  of  a  v:avalry  troop  in  the  8th  Regiment.  Colonel  Fackner  served  six- 
teen years  in  the  12th  Regiment,  going  through  all  the  grades,  from  private  to  captain  of  Company  K,  and 
was  considered  an  authority  on  the  skirmish  drill.  His  company  was  selected  to  drill  as  skirmishers  before 
United  States  army  officers  in  Madison  Square  Garden.  In  1881  he  resigned  from  the  12th  Regiment  and 
later  was  elected  captain  of  Company  E,  13th  Regiment.  In  1885  he  was  elected  lieutenant-colonel  and 
subsequently  colonel,  resigning  while  in  Europe,  He  is  a  member  of  Lafayette  Post,  No.  140,  G.  A.  R., 
Socrates  Lodge,  F.  &  A.  M.,  the  Montauk  Club  and  the  Amaranth  Literary  and  Dramatic  Society. 


Brigadier-General  Edward  B.  Fowler. 


THE    NATIONAL    GUARD. 


837 


Willis  L.  Ogden,  who  formerly  held  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  23d  Regiment,  began  his 
military  career  in  the  13th  Regiment  in  1861,  and  went  south  with  that  organization  during  the  civil  war. 
From  the  13th  he  went  to  the  23d  Regiment,  and  for  many  years  he  was  captain  of  Company  K.  His 
service  in  the  National  Guard  continued  for  twenty  years.  He  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  in  October,  1843. 
After  a  course  of  study  at  the  Brooklyn  Polytechnic  Institute  he  began  his  business  life  at  the  age  of 
fourteen.     He  has  lived  in  Brooklyn  since  1852  ;  he  is  a  member  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  and  a 

director  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association. 
He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Hamilton  Club  and  of  the 
Brooklyn  Young  Republican  Club. 

Ch.^rles  E.  Waters,  late  major  of  the  23d  Regi- 
ment, enlisted  as  a  private  in  Company  A,  on  January 
7,  1874.  He  was  made  corporal  of  the  same  company 
on  March  i,  1875;  sergeant  on  March  15,  1876  ;  first 
sergeant  on  May  6,  1878;  first  lieutenant  of  Company 
E,  on  May  6,  1879;  captain  of  Company  K,  on  March 
4,  1880,  and  major  of  the  regiment  on  April  19,  1886. 
He  resigned  in  June,  1892.  Mr.  Waters  was  born  in 
New  York  city,  in  1846. 

BROOKLYN  CITY  GUARD. 

In  August,  1842,  a  call  was  issued  inviting  all  who 
wished  to  aid  in  the  organization  of  a  volunteer  mili- 
tary company  in  the  city  of  Brooklyn,  to  attend  a 
meeting  which  was  to  be  held  on  the  evening  of  the 
23d  inst.  This  call  was  signed  by  Seth  Haskell  Low, 
L.  L.  Atwater  and  John  M.  Pratt,  and  the  meeting  was 
held  in  a  building  which  then  stood  on  the  corner 
of  Furman  and  Fulton  streets.  An  organization  was 
effected  of  an  artillery  company,  James  N.  Olney  being 
the  first  captain.  For  some  years  the  Brooklyn  City 
Guard,  as  it  was  first  named,  drilled  and  held  meet- 
ings in  the  building  in  which  its  organization  was 
effected.  Then  Gothic  Hall,  on  Adams  street,  was 
fitted  up  as  an  armory,  and  there  balls  and  other  gather- 
ings of  a  social  character  were  held — in  fact,  the  City  Guard  was  looked  upon  as  the  fashionable  military 
organization  of  the  city.  Until  1847  the  City  Guard  remained  a  separate  and  independent  organization, 
but  in  that  year  it  became  affiliated  with  the  13th  Regiment,  of  which  it  became  the  right  flank  company, 
under  Colonel  Abel  Smith  and  Lieutenant-Colonel  Edwin  Beers.  Captain  Olney  retained  his  position  for 
several  years,  and  then  went  to  California,  and  afterwards  became  a  brigadier-general  during  the  war, 
serving  on  the  western  frontier.  Thomas  Brooks  succeeded  him  in  the  captaincy,  and  he,  in  turn,  was  fol- 
lowed by  William  Everdell  and  Richard  V.  W.  Thorne,  Jr.,  the  latter  having  been  a  cadet  at  West  Point. 
Commanded  by  Captain  Thorne,  on  April  23,  1861,  the  company,  as  a  part  of  the  13th  Regiment,  left  Brook- 
lyn, on  a  three  months'  term  of  service.  In  1862,  they  served  another  three  months'  term  under  the  same 
captain,  and  in  1863,  one  month  in  Pennsylvania.  Captain  Thorne  meanwhile  had  retired,  and  William  R. 
Hunter  was  appointed  in  his  place.  In  1873,  the  company  was  transferred  to  the  23d  Regiment,  becoming 
Company  G,  the  first  captain  being  Alfred  H.  Williams,  who  was  succeeded  in  1885  by  Harold  L.  Crane,  the 
latter  being  followed  by  George  W.  Middleton.  Among  those  who  served  as  members  of  the  Brooklyn  City 
Guard  were  many  who  have  since  become  prominent  in  commercial,  social  and  political  life.  There  are 
comparatively  few  of  the  older  members  still  alive,  but  those  remaining  are  organized  as  the  Veteran  Asso- 
ciation of  the  Brooklyn  City  Guard.  This  organization  was  effected  on  April  5,  187 1.  The  membership  in 
1892  was  130,  and  the  officers  were:  John  B.  Woodward,  captain;  Edward  A.  Seccomb,  first  lieutenant; 
Richard  Oliver,  second  lieutenant;  Bernard  Suydam,  first  sergeant;  Morgan  G.  Bulkeley,  quartermaster. 
The  association  gives  annual  dinners  at  some  one  of  the  principal  hotels. 

Lieutenant-Colonel  Clifford  L.  Middleton  is  counted  among  the  most  prominent  veterans  of  the 
Brooklyn  City  Guard  and  is  a  member  of  the  Veterans'  Association  of  the  23d  Regiment.  He  enlisted  as 
a  private  in  Company  G,  13th  Regiment,  on  June  i,  1870,  and  was  elected  corporal  on  May  7,  1873,  being 
transferred  with  Company  G  to  the  23d  Regiment  on  January  2,  1873.  His  staff  services  began  on  Febru- 
ary 7,  1880,  when  he  was  appointed  first  lieutenant  and  aide-de-camp  of  the  tith  Brigade.  On  February 
27,  1882,  he  was  commissioned  captain  and  aide-de-camp  of  the  4th  Brigade.     On   February   19,  1883,  he 


Colonel  Edward  Fackner. 


S,S  THE    EAGLE   AND   BROOKLYN. 

became  commissary  of  subsistence,  and  on  April  23,  1883,  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  major.  On 
January  5,  18.85,  l^e  became  quartermaster;  and  on  April  19,  1886,  he  became  lieutenant-colonel  and  assist- 
ant adjutant-o-eneral  of  the  4th  Brigade.  He  served  successively  on  the  staffs  of  Generals  Molineux, 
Browned  and  Ward  and  was  made  a  supernumary  officer  of  the  state  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel 
on  Aun-ust  5,  1886.  He  was  still  on  this  list  in  1893.  From  1887  to  1889  he  was  an  associate  member  of 
the  Old  Guard,  of  New  York.  He  was  born  in  Brooklyn  on  July  31,  1850,  and  until  his  seventeenth  year 
attended  private  schools.  He  then  entered  the  commission  business  in  the  employ  of  Middleton  &  Co.,  a 
firm  which  was  founded  in  1834  by  his  father,  J.  N.  B.  Middleton,  and  his  uncle,  Thomas  D.  Middleton. 
On  January  i,  1872,  he  became  a  partner  in  the  firm.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  produce  exchange 
since  1885.  He  is  a  life  member  of  the  Hamilton  Club,  the  Brooklyn  Riding  and  Driving  Club,  and  the 
Marine  and  Field  Club;  and  a  life  member  of  the  Excelsior  Club. 

Harold  L.  Crane,  who  is  a  veteran  of  the  23d  Regiment  and  a  member  of  the  veteran  association  of 
the  Brooklyn  City  Guard,  was  a  National  Guardsman  twenty-three  years  and  four  months,  and  retired  in 
1889  with  the  rank  of  captain.  He  has  made  an  interesting  record  of  having  risen  from  the  ranks  twice, 
for  after  obtaining  a  staff  position  he  was  obliged  by  illness  to  retire  for  about  a  year  and  after  his  recovery 
he  enlisted  again  as  a  private.  His  first  enlistment  was  in  the  23d  Regiment  in  March,  1864.  After  serving 
five  years  he  was  appointed  on  General  Meserole's  staff,  where  he  served  until  1876,  when  his  military 
record  was  interrupted  by  the  visitation  of  illness  just  mentioned.  In  1877  he  joined  Company  G  in  his 
old  regiment  and  was  in  the  ranks  until  1879,  when  he  was  made  a  sergeant.  His  promotion  to  a  second 
lieutenancy  was  made  the  same  year.  He  was  commissioned  as  first  lieutenant  in  1880,  and  his  captam's 
commission  was  issued  in  March,  1885.  Mr.  Crane  is  a  descendant  of  an  English  family  which  settled  in 
America  in  1650.  He  was  born  in  New  York  city  on  February  4,  1846,  and  his  parents  came  to  Brooklyn 
to  live  in  1848.  He  obtained  his  education  at  the  Polytechnic  Institute,  Brooklyn,  and  at  the  High  School 
in  New  York,  and  began  business  on  his  own  account  on  February  4,  1867,  when  he  became  a  member  of 
the  New  York  firm  of  Shannon,  Miller  &  Crane,  dealers  in  military  and  importers  of  French  goods.  In 
1867  he  married  Miss  Elsie  E.  Dillon,  daughter  of  Robert  Dillon.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Hamilton  Club 
and  of  the  Seawanhaka,  Corinthian  and  Great  South  Bay  yacht  clubs.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Down 
Town  Club,  of  New  York. 

James  W.  Sands  was  a  member  of  the  Brooklyn  City  Guard  when  it  was  in  the  service  of  the  United 
States  government  in  1861,  as  Company  G,  13th  Regiment,  and  he  is  now  enrolled  as  a  member  of  the 
veteran  association  of  the  Guard.  Subsequently  he  served  in  the  navy,  receiving  an  appointment  as 
assistant  paymaster.  He  was  on  Admiral  Farragut's  flagship  "  Hartford  "  and  was  one  of  the  great  naval 
commander's  officers  when  New  Orleans,  Port  Hudson  and  Vicksburg  were  captured.  Although  of  Ameri- 
can parentage,  he  was  born  in  Liverpool,  England,  on  August  i,  1838,  but  came  to  America  before  he  was 
a  year  old.  His  father,  Joseph  T.  Sands,  who  died  in  1890  in  the  eighty-third  year  of  his  age,  was  an  old 
and  honored  resident  of  Brooklyn.  James  W.  Sands  ended  his  studies  when  he  was  nineteen  years  old  and 
became  a  clerk  in  the  employ  of  his  uncle,  Joseph  Sands,  with  whom  he  remained  until  the  beginning  of 
the  war.  Upon  the  return  of  peace  he  engaged  in  the  railway  and  electric  supply  business.  He  married 
Miss  E.  J.  Durham,  of  Durhamville,  N.  Y.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Hamilton  Club  five  or  six  years, 
of  the  Marine  and  Field  Club  since  its  organization  and  of  the  Union  League  Club,  New  York,  since  i8gi. 

Charles  F.  Hitzelberger  is  a  veteran  of  the  23d  Regiment  who  rendered  faithful  service  to  the  state 
as  a  member  of  the  National  Guard  for  twelve  years.  He  enlisted  in  Company  G  (Brooklyn  City  Guard) 
in  April,  1879.  He  is  an  enthusiast  on  military  matters  and  is  enrolled  in  the  veteran  association  of  the 
Guard.  His  father,  Frederick  Hitzelberger,  was  a  union  soldier  during  the  civil  war  and  was  for  many 
years  an  officer  in  the  state  militia.  Charles  F.  Hitzelberger  is  a  native  Brooklynite  and  was  born  on  April 
5,  1853.  After  receiving  his  early  education  at  a  private  school  he  was  a  student  at  the  Hoboken  Academy. 
In  1880  he  began  business  on  his  own  account  as  printer,  lithographer  and  manufacturing  stationer.  He 
married  Miss  Maria  A.  Hobe,  daughter  of  Charles  Hobe.     He  is  a  Mason  and  a  member  of  Stella  Lodge. 

James  A.  Avres  joined  the  City  Guard  on  April  22,  1861,  and  went  with  it  on  its  three  months'  cam- 
paign in  that  year  and  on  its  thirty  days'  campaign  in  1863.  He  was  made  a  corporal  in  1863  and  retired 
with  that  rank.  He  is  a  veteran  of  the  13th  Regiment  and  a  member  of  the  veteran  association  of  the 
Guard.  New  Canaan,  C(jnn.,  is  his  native  place,  and  he  was  born  on  October  11,  1840.  His  parents 
removed  to  iirookiyn  when  he  was  four  years  old  and  he  attended  both  public  and  private  schools.  His 
early  business  life  was  passed  in  various  lines  of  trade  until  1867,  when  he  was  employed  by  a  grain  ware- 
housing company,  with  which  he  remained  as  confidential  clerk.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Brooklyn  Riding 
and  Driving,  Excelsior  and  Crescent  clubs. 

Benjamin  Haskell  joined  the  Brooklyn  City  Guard  in  1855,  and  during  his  membership  in  the  com- 
pany he  was  a  corporal  and  then  sergeant.  He  went  to  the  front  with  the  company  in  1861,  and  in  1863 
he  was  ni  the  Union  army  again  as  chief  of  staff    of  the   nth   Brigade   and  participated    in  the  battle  of 


THE    NATIONAL    GUARD. 


839 


Gettysburg.  As  a  veteran  he  affiliates  with  Clarence 
D.  McKenzie  Post,  399,  G.  A.  R.  He  is  treasurer  of 
the  American  Wood  Decorating  Machine  Company,  of 
New  York.  This  company,  in  which  a  number  of  well- 
known  Brooklynites  are  interested,  does  a  large  busi- 
ness in  the  production  of  machines  for  embossing  or 
otherwise  ornamenting  wood  with  designs  representing 
carved  work  for  mouldings,  panels  and  other  orna- 
mental purposes.  Mr.  Haskell  was  born  in  New  York 
city  on  November  3,  1835,  of  New  England  parent- 
age, and  was  educated  at  Davenport  Academy,  Brook- 
lyn. He  married  Miss  Hattie  E.  Steele,  daughter  of 
Perez  S.  Steele,  a  drygoods  merchant  in  New  York. 

The  records  of  the  City  Guard  show  that  James 
F.  Atkinson  joined  that  organization  on  April  3,  1S61, 
and  served  with  his  comrades  in  the  three  months' 
campaign  at  Suffolk,  Va.,  and  also  in  the  thirty  days' 
campaign  when  the  services  of  the  state  troops  were 
needed  to  repel  Lee's  dash  into  Pennsylvania.  After 
spending  five  years  in  the  ranks  he  retired  with  two 
honorable  discharges  from  the  government.  He  is 
counted  as  one  of  the  most  active  members  of  the 
veteran  association.  He  is  the  Long  Island  agent  for 
the  Northwestern  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company  of 

Milwaukee.     He  was   born    in    Rochester,   N.  Y.,  on 

Benjamin  Haskell.  \-i  o  1  iii-  tii 

April  10,  1834,  and  was  educated  ni  a  private  school 

near  that  city.     Mr.  Atkinson  married  Miss  Louisa  M.  Fitch,  daughter  of  James  M.  Fitch,  of  Oberlin,  O. 

Samuel  H.  Kissam  is  one  of  the  members  of  the  veteran  association  who  was  with  the  Brooklyn  City 
Guard  when  it  went  on  its  three  months'  campaign.  He  joined  the  corps  as  a  private  in  1854  and  rose  to 
the  rank  of  first  lieutenant.  In  1863  he  resigned  on  account  of  his  business  engagements.  He  is  the  son  of 
a  clergyman,  and  was  born  in  the  town  of  Bethlehem,  near  Albany,  N.  Y.,  in  1831.  His  school  life  was 
passed  at  a  boarding  school  in  Chatham,  Columbia  County,  N.  Y.,  and  in  1846  he  came  to  Brooklyn  with  his 
father,  who  retired  from  the  ministry  in  that  year.  Since  1863  he  has  been  engaged  in  the  banking  and 
brokerage  business  in  New  York.  He  married  Miss  Sarah  Pinkney,  whose  father,  William  T.  Pinkney,  was 
president  of  a  well-known  insurance  company. 

William  Ellsworth  joined  the  City  Guard  in  May,  1862,  and  was  with  the  organization  in  both  of  its 
campaigns  as  Company  G  of  the  13th  Regiment.  He  is  now  a  veteran  of  the  regiment.  He  has  had  a  long 
and  varied  business  experience,  and  is  now  connected  with  the  Caledonia  Insurance  Company.  His  father 
was  a  prominent  citizen  of  Brooklyn,  and  was  a  descendant  of  an  English  family  which  settled  in  Holland 
during  the  reign  of  William  and  Mary,  and  came  to  New  Amsterdam  before  1700.  William  Ellsworth  was 
born  in  Brooklyn  on  July  5,  1838,  and  was  educated  at  the  public  schools  and  the  College  of  the  City  of 
New  York. 

Charles  J.  Holt  joined  the  14th  Regiment  in  1861,  acting  with  the  engineer  corps.  After  the  dis- 
abling of  Colonel  Wood  at  the  first  battle  of  Bull  Run,  he  served  under  Colonel  Fowler  until  May,  1862,  when 
he  enlisted  in  the  13th  Regiment.  He  has  been  a  member  since  1873  of  Company  G,  the  Brooklyn  City 
Guard,  now  in  the  23d  Regiment,  of  which  he  is  quartermaster-sergeant.  He  has  resided  in  Brooklyn  since 
1S46,  and  has  been  a  member  of  the  Amaranth  Dramatic  Association  sixteen  years  ;  for  six  years  he  was 
vice-president  of  the  society.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Excelsior  Club  since  its  organization  and  was 
a  member  of  the  volunteer  fire  department  nine  years  as  one  of  Pacific  Company,  No.  14.  He  has  been 
a  member  of  the  Gilbert  Dramatic  Society  since  1882,  and  is  also  a  member  of  Lafayette  Post,  140,  G.  A.  R. 
He  was  born  in  Richmond  Va.,  on  July  26,  1835.  When  five  years  of  age  his  parents  brought  him  to  New 
York,  where  he  attended  public  school  No.  5.     Later  he  studied  at  Betts'  Institute,  Stamford,  Conn. 

Bernard  Suvuam  enlisted  in  Company  G,  23d  Regiment,  on  March  12,  1886.  He  was  made  corporal 
on  January  25,  1889,  and  sergeant  on  February  29,  1892.  He  became  a  veteran  in  March,  1891,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  veteran  association  of  the  City  Guard  in  the  same  year.  In  Api'il,  1892,  he  was  unanimously 
elected  secretary  of  the  association.  He  was  made  a  mason  in  Lexington  Lodge,  310,  F.  &  A.  M,,  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1891,  and  in  the  following  December  was  installed  as  senior  deacon.  He  was  born  in  Queens, 
Long  Island,  on  August  10,  1865.  His  father,  Isaac  D.  B.  Suydam,  was  born  in  Bushwick,  now  part  of  the 
city  of  Brooklyn,  December  16,  1823,     After  receiving  his  education  the  elder  Suydam  remained  at  home  until 


840 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


Bernard  Suydam. 


September,  1846,  when  he  married  Miss  Phebe  Ryder, 
daughter  of  Lawrence  Ryder,  and  sister  of  John  L. 
Ryder,  who  was  supervisor  of  the  town  of  Flatlands  a 
number  of  years.  Bernard  Suydam  received  his  early 
education  at  a  public  school  in  the  village  of  Queens, 
and  at  the  age  of  fourteen  attended  Browne's  College 
in  Brooklyn,  from  which  he  was  graduated  in  March, 
18S2.  He  entered  the  employ  of  S.  H.  Payne,  of  New 
York,  who  was  at  that  time  one  of  the  largest  for- 
warding agents  in  the  city,  where  he  remained  two 
and  one-half  years,  after  which  he  was  connected  with 
George  Pence  in  the  cigar  business.  In  July,  1886, 
he  connected  himself  with  the  manufacturmg  concern 
of  Jacob  Adler  &  Co.  in  New  York. 

Walter  K.  Paye,  a  member  of  the  veteran  asso- 
ciation of  the  Guard,  donned  the  uniform  of  a  militia- 
man in  1859  as  a  private  in  the  New  York  City  Guard, 
and,  after  a  membership  of  two  years  in  that  organi- 
zation, transferred  his  name  to  the  rolls  of  the  Brook- 
lyn City  Guard,  when  it  was  Company  G,  13th  Regi- 
ment. He  continued  a  member  of  Company  G  until 
it  was  merged  in  Company  G,  23d  Regiment,  and  then 
was  honorably  discharged.  He  joined  the  Old  Guard, 
of  New  York,  in  which  was  incorporated  his  old  com- 
pany, the  New  York  City  Guard,  which  united  with 
the  New  York  Light  Guard  after  the  war  in  forming 
the  Old  Guard.  He  has  held  the  positions  of  corporal,  sergeant  and  lieutenant,  and  for  three  years  was 
vice-president.  He  is  interested  in  a  number  of  social  organizations  including  the  Hamilton  and  the  Rem- 
brandt clubs,  and  the  Lisurance  Club,  of  New  York  city.  He  is  a  director  of  the  Apollo  Club  and  assisted 
in  the  organization  of  the  Amaranth  Dramatic  Society,  in  which  he  held  membership  four  or  five  years. 
He  has  been  connected  with  the  Guardian  Fire  Insurance  Company,  New  York,  twenty-five  years  and  was 
elected  to  the  presidency  in  1885.  He  married  Helen  M.  Fordham,  daughter  of  A.  S.  Fordham,  an  old  resi- 
dent of  Brooklyn. 

For  twenty  years,  and  until  April,  1892,  when  he  resigned,  J.  Oscar  Voute  held  the  secretaryship  of 
the  veteran  association.  He  enlisted  in  Company  G,  13th  Regiment,  in  January,  1862,  and  served  from 
May  until  September  at  Suffolk,  Va.  Afterward  he  successively  held  the  ranks  of  corporal,  sergeant  and 
lieutenant.  His  military  history  is  identified  with  that  of  the  Brooklyn  City  Guard  for  a  period  of  seven- 
teen years  in  the  13th  and  23d  Regiments.  He  is  a  member  of  Lafayette  Post,  140,  G.  A.  R.  His  ances- 
tors were  Huguenots,  who,  seeking  refuge  in  Holland,  settled  in  Amsterdam.  He  was  born  in  October, 
1840,  at  Hanau,  a  town  near  Frankfort-on-the-Main,  Germany.  At  the  age  of  four  he  was  brought  to  the 
United  States  by  his  parents  and  received  his  educati(jn  at  the  College  of  the  City  of  New  York.  He  left 
that  institution  in  1858  and  began  work  in  the  offices  of  the  New  York  Life  Insurance  Company,  in  whose 
employ  he  has  since  remained.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Huguenot  Society  of  America,  the  Reform  Club,  the 
Delta  Kapiia  Epsilon  Club  of  New  York  and  Anglo-Sa.xon  Lodge,  137,  F.  &  A.  M.  He  married  Henrietta 
V.  Conradt,  daughter  of  Theophilus  Morgan  Conradt,  of  Baltimore. 

As  a  private  in  Company  G,  13th  Regiment,  Frank  G.  Miller  served  for  three  months  during  1862. 
He  was  also  connected  with  the  volunteer  fire  department,  and  for  si.\  years  served  as  treasurer  of  engine 
company  No.  22,  whose  head(iuariers  were  in  Degraw  street.  He  was  born  in  Brooklyn  on  March  19,  1841, 
at  17  Strong  place,  a  home  which  his  family  had  occupied  for  fifty-sLx  years.  His  father,  William  J.  Miller, 
was  born  in  New  London  in  1S09,  and  was  a  direct  descendant  of  those  old  Puritan  governors,  John  Win- 
throp  and  Saltonstall ;  his  mother  was  the  eldest  daughter  of  the  late  Jeremiah  H.  Taylor,  who  during  the 
middle  of  the  present  century  held  considerable  real  estate  in  South  Brooklyn.  In  1865  he  married  Miss 
Bessie  Gilchrist.  He  is  a  charter  member  of  Covenant  Lodge,  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  for  the  past  twenty  years 
has  been  treasurer  of  the  Lodge, 

Francis  E.  Dodge  joined   the  City  Guard  in  1864.     He  was  born  in  this  city  on  March   3,  1841,  and  ' 
was  educated  at  a  private  school.     He  is  treasurer  of  the  Long  Island  College  Hospital  and  the  New  York 
Port  Society,  a  director  of  the   Academy  of  Music  and  of  the  Brooklyn  Riding  and  Driving  Club  and  a 
member  of  the  Crescent  Athletic,  Hamilton  and  Montauk  clubs. 

Howard  A.  Porter  was  a  member  of  Company  G,  13th  Regiment,  during  its  three  months  of  serv'ice 


THE    NATIONAL   GUARD.  841 

at  Annapolis  and  Baltimore  in  1861,  having  joined  the  company  in  April  of  that  year.  That  ended  his 
active  service,  but  he  is  a  member  of  the  veteran  association  of  the  Brooklyn  City  Guard.  West  Hartford, 
Conn.,  is  his  native  place  and  he  is  the  son  of  Dr.  Henry  B.  Porter,  who  was  a  prominent  physician  of  New 
Haven.  He  was  born  on  November  7,  1831,  and  studied  at  the  New  Haven  public  schools  until  1846.  In 
1852  he  came  to  New  York  and  was  employed  in  the  wholesale  grocery  business  until  he  went  south  as  a 
soldier.  Some  time  after  the  conclusion  of  the  war  he  was  appointed  to  a  position  in  the  sub-treasury,  in 
New  York,  where  he  is  now  employed. 

Wheaton  B.  Despard  enlisted  in  Company  G,  23d  Regiment,  in  June,  1S75.  In  September,  1880,  he 
was  made  commissary  sergeant,  a  post  which  he  still  occupies.  He  was  born  in  New  York  on  November 
2Si  1855-  His  father  was  Arthur  W.  Despard,  who  is  conspicuous  as  the  first  drug  broker  who  ever  conducted 
business  in  New  York.  The  son  was  educated  at  a  private  school  on  Staten  Island  and  afterwards  at  Hell- 
muth  College,  near  the  city  of  London,  Ontario.  He  is  recording  secretary  of  the  E.xcelsior  Club  and  a 
member  of  the  Crescent  Athletic  Club. 

James  B.  Bach  is  a  prominent  grand  army  man,  and  has  been  honored  with  high  office  in  Lafayette 
Post,  of  New  York,  in  which  he  is  enrolled  as  a  member.  He  joined  the  City  Guard  in  1S59,  and  was 
elected  first  lieutenant  of  Company  H,  13th  Regiment,  in  which  capacity  he  accompanied  the  regiment  to 
Virginia  in  1862,  on  what  was  known  as  the  Suffolk  campaign  ;  and  in  1863  he  commanded  the  company  in 
the  Gettysburg  campaign.  He  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  on  June  4,  1836,  and  began  his  business  life  as  a  clerk 
in  a  banking  house.  In  1865,  he  began  business  on  his  own  account  as  a  broker,  and  in  1867  he  became  one 
of  the  firm  of  Smith,  Gould,  Martin  &  Co.,  which  firm  was  succeeded  by  Willard,  Martin  &  Bach  and  then 
by  Joslyn,  Bach  &  Co.  In  the  firm  first  named  Jay  Gould  was  a  general  partner  and  Mr.  Bach  was  the 
"Company  ;"  in  the  other  firms  Jay  Gould  was  the  special  partner.  Mr.  Bach  remained  in  the  firm  of  Jos- 
lyn, Bach  &  Co.  until  it  dissolved  in  1885,  when  he  engaged  in  business  on  his  own  account  once  more  and 
was  interested  in  various  enterprises  until  he  accepted  his  present  position  of  secretary  of  the  Western  Im- 
provement Company.  He  married  Mary  E.  Gardiner,  daughter  of  W.  G.  Gardiner.  He  is  an  honorary 
member  of  the  Excelsior  Club. 


SOCIAL  CLUBS  AND  SOCIAL  LIFE. 


LUB  life  is  one  of  the  tilings  in  wiiich  Broolclyn  lias  expanded  mightily  dur- 
ing the  past  few  years.  Ten  years  ago  the  clubs  could  have  been  counted 
on  the  fingers  of  one  hand,  while  to-day  there  are  at  least  a  dozen  important 
organizations,  housed  in  structures  rivaling  those  in  any  other  city  and 
numbering  on  their  membership  rolls  thousands  of  names.  Besides  these 
notable  examples  there  are  many  other  similar  organizations  of  lesser  size 
but  of  almost  equal  importance.  Club  life  here  is  different  from  that  of 
New  York,  just  as  Brooklyn  is  different  from  her  sister  city  in  almost  every 
respect;  there  it  is  an  end,  while  here  it  is  an  adjunct  to  the  domestic  life. 
In  New  York  a  club  man,  in  the  distinctive  sense  of  the  term,  is  usually  a 
bachelor  to  whom  the  club  practically  means  home  ;  if  he  be  not  a  bachelor, 
the  bachelor  instincts  are  predominant  in  him  and  the  home  instincts  of 
decidedly  lesser  significance.  The  great  number  of  Brooklyn's  club  men 
are  of  an  entirely  different  stamp.  They  may  have  the  club  instinct,  but  the 
home  instinct  is  so  much  greater  that  it  invades  and  permeates  the  club  atmosphere.  Naturally  there  are 
exceptions  to  this  rule.  For  instance,  the  Brooklyn  and  Excelsior  clubs  are  essentially  bachelor  clubs  and 
approach,  more  nearly  than  any  others  in  the  city,  the  New  York  idea.  In  these  two  there  are  undoubtedly 
more  men  who  look  upon  them  as  the  chief  social  factors  of.  their  existence  than  can  be  found  elsewhere. 
Of  the  two  the  Excelsior  probably  conies  nearer  to  the  general  idea  of  what  a  man's  club  should  be.  But 
generally  speaking  there  is  a  growing  tendency  among  the  Brooklyn  clubs  to  encourage  the  partici- 
pation of  women  in  their  affairs.  Scarcely  a  club  now  closes  its  doors  to  members  of  the  gentler  sex 
and  almost  every  one  has  found  it  of  advantage  to  admit  them  to  certain  privileges.  The  Hamilton,  the 
Hanover,  the  Montauk,  the  Union  League,  and  the  Crescent,  at  its  country  house,  all  have  dining  rooms 
for  ladies,  and  a  number  of  these  admit  them  to  the  privilege  of  the  bowling  alleys.  From  its  very  nature 
the  Riding  and  Driving  Club  is  largely  dependent  upon  the  ladies,  and  unless  the  signs  of  the  times  are 
misleading,  the  day  is  not  far  distant  when  women  will  have  an  emphatic  voice  in  the  management  of  the 
clubs  on  this  side  of  the  river.  When  this  shall  come  to  pass  it  will  eradicate  the  last  vestige  of  the  vener- 
able prejudice  growing  out  of  a  belief  that  the  club  is  the  rival  of  the  home,  and  the  honor  of  having  estab- 
lished an  almost  ideal  condition  will  belong  to  the  clubs  of  Brooklyn. 


HAMILTON    CLUB. 


One  of  the  most  important  societies  in  the  early  history  of  the  city  was  the  Young  Men's  Literary 
Association  of  Brooklyn,  organized  on  November  2,  1830,  by  the  "young  men  of  the  village  of  Brooklyn." 
In  those  days  Alexander  Hamilton  was  the  ideal  of  young  men  in  America,  and  in  his  honor  the  name  of 
the  society  was  changed  in  October,  1831,  to  the  Hamilton  Literary  Association  of  Brooklyn.  Among  the 
early  members  were  Edgar  J.  Bartow,  George  ^V.  Dow,  Horace  H.  Dow,  Josiah  C.  Dow,  Richard  C.  Dow, 
John  Tasker  Howard,  Joseph  Howard,  John  Jewett,  Jr.,  William  Jones,  Jr.,  Thomas  G.  King,  Abiel  A.  Low, 
Henry  C.  Murphy,  Israel  AVard  Raymond,  John  H.  Raymond,  Francis  P.  Sanford,  D.  N.  Schoonmaker, 
Henry  Silliman,  Alden  J.  Spooner  and  Robert  Tucker.  Henry  C.  Murphy  framed  the  constitution  and 
was  the  first  president.  The  first  lecture  course  ever  given  in  the  city  was  inaugurated  by  this  associ- 
ation, which  flourished  for  half  a  century.  The  succession  of  membership  was  kept  up  by  a  younger  gener- 
ation, as  the  original  members  passed  beyond  the  years  of  activit)^  and  the  social  quality  of  the  association 
was  maintained  at  a  high  level ;  so  that  when,  in  1880,  the  project  of  a  new  club  was  discussed,  the  old 
Hamilton  Literary  Association  furnished  the  most  desirable  material  for  a  nucleus,  and  its  spirit  was 
preserved  in  the  Hamilton  Club,  which  was  organized  by  ninety-two  members  of  the  old  association  and  was 
incorporated  in  May,  1S82,  the  first  board  of  officers  including  Samuel  McLean,  president;  D.  H.  Cochran, 
vice-president;   A.  A,  Abbott,  secretary  ;  and  Tasker  Marvin,  treasurer.     Temporary  quarters  were  found 


SOCIAL    CLUBS    AND    SOCIAL    LIFE. 


843 


for  the  club  on  the  corner  of  Clinton  and  Joralemon  streets,  and  the  project  of  a  new  club  house  suited 
to  the  needs  of  the  club  was  at  once  mooted.  In  1S84  the  building  on  the  corner  of  Clinton  and  Remsen 
streets  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  over  $100,000.  The  home  of  the  club  is  in  the  modern  Italian  style,  and 
furnishes  commodious  parlors,  library,  art  gallery,  dining  rooms,  private  and  main  billiard  room,  smoking 
rooms,  card  rooms,  and  bowling  alley.  The  club  inherited  the  fine  library  of  the  old  Hamilton  Literary 
Association,  to  which  constant  additions  have  been  made  ;  and  the  art  gallery  contains  some  of  the  finest 
art  works  m  this  city.  Among  these  is  an  elegant  Sevres  vase  presented  by  the  French  government  in 
recognition  of  the  hospitable  reception  by  the  club  of  the  sculptor  Bartholdi  and  his  fellow  delegates. 
Another  noteworthy  feature  in  the  collection  is  Huntington's  large  painting,  "The  Republican  Court,"  pur- 
chased at  the  sale  of  the  late  A.  T.  Stewart's  pictures.    The  chief  artistic  project  of  the  club  at  the  present 


Thk  Hamilton  Clup,  Remsen  and  Clinton  Streets. 

time  is  the  erection  of  a  bronze  statue  of  Alexander  Hamilton  from  the  hand  of  William  Ordway  Partridge, 
a  Brooklynite  born  in  Paris.  A  plaster  model  of  the  statue  is  at  this  writing  in  the  library  of  the  club,  and 
the  bronze  itself  will  soon  be  in  position  in  the  court-yard  of  the  club  house.  Mr.  Partridge  received  his 
schooling  in  Brooklyn  but  obtained  his  art  education  in  Europe.  The  club  is  literary  as  well  as  artistic 
in  its  tastes  and  has  a  library  of  2,200  volumes,  to  which  additions  are  constantly  being  made  by  gift  and 
purchase.  The  membership  in  the  Hamilton  is  rapidly  approaching  the  limit,  and  the  early  prospect  of 
a  waiting  list  is  already  having  its  effect  on  the  desirability  of  this  club,  which  has  from  the  beginning 
attracted  many  of  the  most  eligible  club  men  in  the  city.  The  officers  of  the  club,  elected  in  April,  1892, 
are  :  George  M.  Olcott,  president ;  J.  Spencer  Turner,  vice-president  ;  I.  Sherwood  Coffin,  secretary  ;  James 
McKeen,  treasurer. 

George  M.  Olcott,  besides  being  president  of  the  Hamilton  Club,  is  a  highly  esteemed  member  of  the 
Crescent,  Montauk  and  the  Riding  and  Driving  clubs.  He  was  for  many  years  a  trustee  of  the  Brooklyn 
Institute  and  occupies  the  same  official  position  with  regard  to  its  successor,  the  Brooklyn  Institute  of  Arts 
and  Sciences.  He  is  politically  independent,  although  he  is  classified  as  a  Republican  and  usually  votes  that 
ticket.  He  was  born  in  Brooklyn  on  August  25,  1835,  and  for  more  than  twenty  years  has  made  his  home 
in  Grace  Court.  He  is  president  of  the  Phoeni.N;  Chemical  Works,  formerly  located  at  the  foot  of  Fifty-ninth 
street,  Brooklyn.  Since  1856  he  has  been  engaged  in  the  importing  drug  business,  beginning  in  the  employ 
of  Richard  J.   Dodge  and  John  Colville,  who  were  known  as  Dodge  &  Colville.     The  firm  later  became 


844 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


George  M.  Olcott. 

Dodge,  Colville  &  Olcott  and  is  now  known  as  Dodge  &  Olcott,  with  headquarters  in  New  York.  Mr.  Ol- 
cott is  at  the  present  time  the  senior  member  of  the  firm.  He  is  engaged  in  various  other  enterprises  and 
is  a  trustee  of  the  Bowery  Savings  Bank,  the  Franklin  Trust  Company  and  the  Franklin  Safe  Deposit  Com- 
pany; a  director  of  the  Market  and  Fulton  National  Bank,  and  the  Lloyds  Plate  Glass  Insurance  Company. 
He  is  as  popular  among  the  club  men  of  New  York  as  he  is  in  Brooklyn,  being  a  member  of  The  Players',  . 
the  Down  Town  and  the  Fulton  clubs.  He  is  married,  has  three  children  and  the  same  number  of  grand- 
children.    He  occasionally  participates  in  out-door  sports,  of  which  he  is  a  great  admirer. 

In  the  days  of  America's  maritime  supremacy,  so  far  as  fast  ships  were  concerned,  few  men  contributed 
more  directly  to  the  fostering  of  this  particular  branch  of  enterprise  than  the  firm  of  A.  A.  Low  &  Brothers, 
of  which  JosiAH  O.  Low  was  a  member.  Since  his  retirement  from  active  life  he  has  in  various  ways  been 
prominent  in  the  community.  The  son  of  Seth  and  Mary  Porter  Low,  he  was  born  in  Salem,  Mass.,  on 
March  15,  1S21.  With  several  of  his  brothers  he  was  educated  in  the  English  and  classical  school  kept  by 
Messrs.  Fames  and  Putnam.  He  began  business  as  a  clerk  in  1836.  Li  1845  he  became  a  partner  with  his 
brother,  A.  A.  Low,  under  the  firm  name  of  A.  A.  Low  &  Brother.  He  married  Martha  Elizabeth  Mills, 
daughter  of  Thomas  Helme  and  Martha  Smith  Mills.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Unitarian  denomination  and 
was  repeatedly  trustee  in  the  Church  of  the  Saviour  during  the  pastorates  of  Drs.  Farley  and  Putnam.  He 
was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Collegiate  and  Polytechnic  Institute  in  1853  and  is  a  trustee  of  its  suc- 
cessor, the  Polytechnic  Institute.  He  was  one  of  the  first  board  of  directors  of  the  Children's  Aid  Society, 
and  was  one  of  the  early  subscribers  to  the  Academy  of  Music  stock  list ;  he  is  one  of  the  directors  of  the 
corporation.  A  large  portion  of  his  time  in  later  years  has  been  spent  at  his  summer  residence  at  Newport, 
R.  I.  He  is  a  trustee  of  the  Brooklyn  Trust  Company  and  has  been  connected  with  the  Down  Town  Club 
in  New  York  and  the' Brooklyn  Club. 

During  a  residence  in  Brooklyn  of  a  quarter  of  a  century  Charles  Albert  Hoyt  has  lent  his  influ- 
ence freely  to  those  objects  which  naturally  appeal  to  a  man  who  possesses  the  advantages  conferred 
by  education  and  fortune.  He  is  a  member  of  the  New  England  Society  of  New  York,  the  Society  of  the 
Sons  of  the  Revolution  and  the  Long  Island  Historical  Society;  a  trustee  of  St.  Charles  Borromeo's  Church, 
on  Sidney  place,  and  vice-president  of  St.  Vincent's  Home  for  Newsboys.  He  was  born  in  Burlington,  Vt., 
m  1839.  His  father's  ancestors  had  settled  in  New  England  with  the  earliest  colonists  in  the  seventeenth 
century.  Some  of  them  distinguished  themselves  in  revolutionary  days  and  a  branch  of  the  family  found  a 
foothold  among  the  hills  of  New  Hampshire,  where  Mr.  Hoyt's  grandfather,  who  was  a  friend  of  William 
Lloyd  Garrison,  was  on  several  occasions  the  Free  Soil  candidate  for  governor  of  the  state;  he  was  elected 
to  the  state  legislature  to  represent  his  native  town  no  less  than  fifteen  times,  and  was  elected  several 
times  to  the  state  senate  and  the  governor's  council.     Mr.  Hoyt's  mother  was  one  of  the  Deming  family ; 


SOCIAL    CLUBS    AND    SOCL\L   LIFE. 


845 


her  grandfather  was  killed  in  the  battle  of  Bennington,  and  was  one  of  the  five  brothers  who  fought  under 
General  Stark  in  that  battle.  Another  maternal  ancestor  was  a  captain  in  the  American  army,  and  by  ser- 
vice in  the  revolutionary  war  earned  the  distinction  of  becoming  one  of  the  original  members  of  the  Order 
of  the  Cincinnati.  Mr.  Hoyt  is  the  son  of  the  Rev.  William  Henry  Hoyt.  He  was  educated  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Vermont  and  at  the  Georgetown  College,  D.  C,  from  both  of  which  he  was  graduated  with  the  degrees 
of  Bachelor  of  Arts  and  Master  of  Arts.  For  a  time  he  assisted  his  father  in  newspaper  work  in  Burling- 
ton, and  in  1857  he  came  to  New  York.  Early  in  the  sixties  he  engaged  in  the  rubber  trade  as  an  employee 
of  the  firm  of  Poppenhusen  &  Konig,  which  controlled  the  Goodyear  hard  rubber  patents.     He  acquired  a 


Charles  A.  Hoyt. 

partnership  in  the  business  about  twenty  years  ago,  after  having  reached  some  time  previously  the  positions 
he  still  occupies  as  treasurer  of  the  India  Rubber  Comb  Company  and  of  the  Goodyear  Hard  Rubber  Com- 
pany. He  became  a  resident  of  Brooklyn  in  1867,  and  has  lived  in  the  first  ward  ever  since.  His  home 
is  at  15  Pierrepont  street.  He  is  a  member  of  the  New  York  Chamber  of  Commerce,  a  life  member  of  the 
New  York  Press  Club,  a  director  and  one  of  the  founders  of  the  German-American  Insurance  Company  and 
a  trustee  in  the  Brooklyn  Homoepathic  Hospital.  In  1S62  he  married  Miss  Julia  Sherman,  who  traces  her 
ancestry  to  the  Pilgrim  fathers.     One  son,  who  is  now  in  business  in  Denver,  is  their  only  child. 

In  the  record  of  Brooklyn  enterprise  Henry  Harper  Benedict  figures  prominently.  He  was  born  on 
October  9,  1844,  in  Herkimer  County,  N.  Y.  His  grandfather,  Elias  Benedict,  was  one  of  the  pioneers  who 
left  Connecticut  in  the  last  century  and  created  new  homes  for  themselves  in  New  York  state.  His  father, 
Micaiah  Benedict,  born  in  1801,  was  a  public  man  of  considerable  note  and  was  for  many  years  one  of  the 
justices  of  the  peace  for  Herkimer  County.  yVfter  being  graduated,  in  1865,  from  Eastman's  Business  Col- 
lege at  Poughkeepsie,  Henry  H.  Benedict  became  a  student  at  Hamilton  College.  While  studying  at  that 
institution  and  prior  to  his  graduation  in  1869,  he  occupied  the  chair  of  Latin  and  Mathematics  at  Fairfield 
Seminary.  After  leaving  Hamilton  College  he  went  to  Ilion,  N.  Y.,  and  was  employed  by  E.  Remington  & 
Sons.  He  remained  with  them  thirteen  years  in  the  capacity  of  confidential  secretary  and  director.  In 
1882  he  aided  in  the  organization  of  the  firm  of  Wyckoff,  Seamans  &  Benedict,  who  purchased  the  entire 
typewriter  manufacturing  plant  owned  by  the  Remingtons  at  Ilion  and  assumed  the  title  of   the  Remington 


Standard  Typewriter  Manufacturing  Compan3^  In  1S92  the  present  company  of  Wyckoff,  Seamans  &  Bene- 
dict was  incorporated  and  Mr.  Benedict,  who  had  been  treasurer  of  the  Standard  Typewriter  Manufactur- 
ing Company,  became  secretary  of  the  new  corporation.  On  October  10,  1S67,  he  married  Miss  Maria 
Nellis,  daughter  of  a  well-known  resident  of  Fort  Plain,  N.  Y.  They  have  one  child.  In  their  home  at  116 
Willow  street  there  is  a  magnificent  collection  of  old  line  engravings  and  etchings,  some  of  them  by  Rem- 
brandt, and  all  products  of  the  best  European  and  American  masters.  Mr.  Benedict  has  also  a  well- 
selected  library  of  rare  and  standard  volumes,  many  of  which,  like  his  pictures,  have  been  collected  during 
their  owner's  frequent  travels  in  Europe.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Republican  Club,  the  Grolier  Club  and 
the  Delta  Kappa  Epsilon  Society  of  New  York,  and  the  Hamilton  Club  and  Long  Island  Historical  Society 
of  Brooklyn.  Until  his  resignation  some  time  ago,  he  was  a  memlier  of  the  art  committee  of  the  Union 
League  Club,  He  is  a  member  of  the  Fifth  Avenue  Presbyterian  Church  of  New  York,  but  usually  attends 
divine  worship  at  the  Church  of  the  Pilgrims,  Brooklyn.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  First  Presby- 
terian Church  at  Ilion,  and  was  for  many  years  an  elder,  treasurer,  trustee,  member  of  the  building  com- 
mittee and  superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school ;  he  is  an  ex-president  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Asso- 
ciation of  Ilion. 

(]lub  life  in  Brooklyn  has  no  more  active  promoter  than  Willtam  W.  Rossiter,  president  of  the  Termi- 
nal Wareliouse  Company,  of  New  York.  He  has  served  three  years  as  one  of  the  directors  of  the  Hamilton 
Club,  assisted  in  the  organization  of  the  Montauk  Club,  of  which  he  is  a  director  ;  he  joined  the  Marine 
and  Field  Club  in  the  early  period  of  its  existence.  During  a  membership  of  twenty  years  in  the  Memorial 
Presbyterian  Church  he  has  given  to  it  ten  years  of  service  as  a  trustee  ;  and  when  the  beautiful  church 
edifice  at  Seventh  avenue  and  St.  John's  place  was  built  he  rendered  valuable  assistance  as  a  member  of 
the  building  committee.  His  philanthropic  disposition  has  been  manifested  in  a  long  and  useful  connection 
with  the  Children's  Aid  Society,  of  which  he  has  been  a  trustee  more  than  twelve  years  and  of  which  he  has 
been  treasurer  nine  years.  Born  in  this  state  in  184S,  he  has  lived  in  Brooklyn  since  his  boyhood  and  was 
educated  at  the  Polytechnic  Institute.  He  began  his  business  career  in  the  house  of  Wallace  &  Wickes,  in 
New  York  city,  and  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Rossiter  &  Skidmore  he  succeeded  to  its  trade  in  1872. 


SOCIAL   CLUBS   AND    SOCLAL    LIFE. 


847 


William  \V.  Rossitek. 


Retiring  from  the  firm  in  May,  1S91,  lie  devoted  himself  to  the  great  inter- 
est of  which  he  is  the  present  head.  Among  other  business  institutions 
with  which  Mr.  Rossiter  is  connected  is  the  Brooklyn  City  Savings  Bank 
of  which  he  was  one  of  the  originators  and  of  which  he  is  a  trustee  ;  he 
is  also  a  member  of  the  board  of  directors  of  the  Corn  Exchange  Bank,  of 
New  York  city.  He  was  identified  with  the  state  militia  for  fifteen  years, 
nine  years  of  which  period  was  given  as  a  member  of  the  7th  Regiment, 
in  which  he  rose  to  the  rank  of  sergeant.  For  three  years  he  was  quarter- 
master of  the  23d  Regiment  and  he  served  three  years  on  the  brigade 
staff  of  General  Beebe  as  captain  and  ordnance  officer.  His  home  is  at  50 
Seventh  avenue. 

The  name  of  Budington  has  a  place  in  Brooklyn  chronicles,  not  only 
because  of  the  part  played  in  the  city's  history  by  the  Rev.  William  Ives 
Budington,  D.  D.,  but  also  because  of  the  prominence  gained  by  his  son, 
William  G.  Budington,  M.  D.,  who,  besides  his  professional  distinction, 
has  a  wide  social  popularity.  From  1872  until  1881  he  was  a  practic- 
ing physician  in  Brooklyn,  during  which  time  he  was,  for  one  year, 
a  sanitary  inspector  attached  to  the  health  department,  and,  for  a  year  and  a  half,  he  served  the 
Kings  County  Hospital  as  a  resident  physician,  maintaining  meantime  a  general  practice  in  the  city.  He 
was  one  of  the  first  to  join  the  Long  Island  Wheelmen  and  became  known  as  an  expert  bicyclist  ;  he  is  a 
member  of  the  Atlantic  Yacht  Club.  He  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  on  October  29,  1845,  and  first  became 
a  resident  of  Brooklyn  in  1855,  when  his  father  accepted  the  call  of  the  Clinton  Avenue  Congregational 
Church.  His  preliminary  education  was  gained  at  the  Polytechnic  Institute  ;  later  he  matriculated  at  Yale 
College,  and  after  being  graduated  there  with  the  class  of  '65,  he  came  to  New  York  and  pursued  a  course 
of  study  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  which  granted  him  his  degree  in  1872.  He  retired  in 
1881,  and  has  spent  most  of  the  time  since  then  in  traveling.  He  is  unmarried  and  for  the  past  seven  years 
has  had  a  residence  in  New  York  city.  He  maintains  a  keen  interest  in  all  athletic  matters  and  is  a 
member  of  the  New  York  Athletic  Club. 

Flaiien  Ball  Candler  is  a  lawyer  established  in  New  York.  He  was  born  on  December  16,  183S,  in 
Cincinnati,  Ohio.  His  father  was  Samuel  M.  Candler,  born  in  Marblehead,  Mass.,  a  descendant  of  a 
well-known  English  family,  and  his  mother,  Elizabeth  C.  Ball,  was  a  daughter  of  Flamen  Ball,  of  New  York 
city.  Mr.  Candler  obtained  his  education  at  what  is  now  known  as  the  New  York  College,  read  law  with  Bar- 
rett &  Brinsmead,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  i860.  In  1864  he  became  a  partner  of  Edgar  S.  Van 
Winkle  in  New  York,  and  the  present  title  of  the  firm  is  Jay  &  Candler,  Mr.  Van  Winkle  having  died  in  1882 

and  Colonel  William  Jay  having  been  a  law  partner  of  Mr.  Candler  since 
1868.  He  has  been  a  continuous  resident  of  Brooklyn  since  i860.  On 
October  18,  1865,  he  married  Marcia  Lillian  Welch,  daughter  of  Captain 
Robert  W.  Welch.  They  have  two  sons  and  one  daughter  living.  The 
eldest  son,  Robert  W.  Candler,  is  practicing  law  with  his  father.  Mr. 
Candler  was  a  charter  member  of  the  Oxford  Club,  but  resigned  and 
became  a  member  of  the  Hamilton  Club.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Tuxedo 
Club,  of  the  Congregational  Club,  Brooklyn,  and  of  the  Down  Town 
Club,  New  York.  From  i860  until  1886  he  was  a  member  and  an  officer 
of  the  Clinton  Avenue  Congregational  Church,  but  is  now  a  member,  and 
until  recently  has  been  a  trustee,  of  the  Church  of  the  Pilgrims. 

Edward  B.  Bartlett  was  born  in  Portland,  Me.,  and  is  a  son  of 
William  and  Mary  (Crie)  Bartlett,  of  whose  eight  children  he  was  the 
youngest.  His  father  was  engaged  in  the  shipping  business  in  that 
state.  His  grandfather,  John  Bartlett,  was  in  the  active  service  of  his 
country  as  captain  in  the  army,  during  the  war  of  18 12-15.  The  family 
Flamen  b.  Candler.  belongs    to    the    American    branch    of   an    English    line   which  is   trace- 

able back  to  the  time  of  the  Norman  conquest.  His  parents  having  removed  to  Brooklyn  when  he  was  ten 
years  old,  his  education  was  received  at  its  public  schools  and  the  Polytechnic  Institute.  He  commenced 
his  business  life  with  the  old  tea  and  coffee  house  of  Sturges,  Bennett  &  Co.  After  remaining  with  them 
some  years  he  entered  the  warehousing  firm  of  C.  L.  &  J.  L.  Colby,  in  Brooklyn,  and  subsequently 
succeeded  to  their  business  under  the  firm  name  of  E.  B.  Bartlett  &  Co.  In  1SS8  most  of  the  large  ware- 
houses and  elevators  on  the  Brooklyn  water  front  were  leased  to  the  Empire  Warehouse  Company,  Limited, 
of  which  he  was  chosen  president,  in  which  position  he  remains.  He  is  president  of  the  Brooklyn  Warehouse 
and  Storage  Company  and  of  the  Columbian  Whaleback  Steamship  Company,  and  a  director  in  the  People's 


Ll)\V  Vkl)    ]> 


Trust  Company,  the  Southern  National  Bank,  the  United  States  and  Brazil  Mail  Steamship  Company  and  in 
various  other  organizations,  both  business  and  social ;  he  is  a  member  of  the  New  Yorlv  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce, of  the  Produce,  Cotton,  Coffee  and  Maritime  exchanges,  of  the  Union  League  Club  and  the  Down 
Town  Club,  of  New  York,  and  of  the  Hamilton,  the  Montauk  and  the  Riding  and  Driving  clubs,  of  Brooklyn. 
He  has  borne  the  part  of  a  public-spirited  citizen,  and  has  given  an  active  and  liberal  support  not  only  to  the 
churches  and  charities  of  Brooklyn,  but  to  every  movement  for  the  public  welfare.  In  political  affairs  he 
has  always  cooperated  with  the  Republican  party,  but  has  never  been  willing  to  add  to  his  other  duties  the 
responsibilities  of  pLiblic  office. 

Robert  D.  Benedict,  of  the  New  York  bar,  was  born  at  Burlington, Vt.,  on  October  3,  1828.  His  father 
was  for  many  years  a  professor  in  the  University  of  Vermont,  where  the  son  was  educated  and  whence  he 
was  graduated  in  1848.  After  his  graduation  he  came  to  Brooklyn,  where  he  taught  school  two  years,  and 
then  entered  the  office,  in  New  York  city,  of  his  uncle,  Erastus  C.  Benedict,  afterwards  chancellor  of  the 
University  of  the  State.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  185  i  and  has  practiced  law  ever  since.  In  1854  he 
married  Miss  Frances  A.  Weaver,  of  Colchester,  Vt.,  and  settled  in  Brooklyn,  which  he  had  left  for  a  few 
years  after  concluding  his  school  teaching.  He  is  well  known  to  the  legal  profession  as  the  editor  of 
"  Benedict's  Reports,"  in  ten  volumes,  presenting  the  decisions  of  the  United  States  district  courts.  His 
law  practice  is  largely  in  the  admiralty  court.  From  the  foundation  of  the  New  York  Times  till  the  death 
of  Henry  J.  Raymond,  its  fcnmder,  Mr.  Benedict  was  connected  with  that  newspaper  as  reporter  of  the  United 
States  courts  and  as  a  writer  of  editorials.  He  was  twenty  years  a  member  of  Plymouth  Church.  For  the 
last  eighteen  years  he  has  been  a  member  and  is  a  trustee  of  the  Central  Congregational  Church.  He  was 
president  of  the  board  of  elections  in  Brooklyn  several  years  after  its  creation,  and  was  the  last  president 
of  the  Republican  League.  F"or  many  years  he  has  been  a  trustee  of  the  Adelphi  Academy  in  Brooklyn  and 
he  is  a  director  of  the  Lawyers'  Surety  Company,  of  New  York,  vice-president  of  the  New  England  Society, 
Brooklyn,  and  president  of  the  Brooklyn  Society  of  Vermonters  and  of  the  Congregational  Club.  He  was 
also  a  member  of  the  Kings  County  Club,  and  of  the  Union  League  Club. 

WiLMAM  Peet  was  born  at  165  William  street.  New  York,  on  December  4,  1822.  In  1828  his  parents 
removed  to  Brooklyn,  and  purchased  and  occupied  the  old  homestead  of  David  Codwise,  at  184  Columbia 
Heights.  On  his  twenty-first  birthday  he  began  to  prepare  for  college.  He  studied  at  Yale,  where  he  was 
graduated  in  1847  ;  and  he  has  been  secretary  of  his  class  almost  ever  since.     He  spent  the  first  year  after 


SOCIAL   CLUBS    AND    SOCL\L    LIFE. 


849 


William  Peet. 


his  graduation  at  the  Yale  law  school,  and  then  went  to  Utica,  and 
entered  the  office  of  Mattison  &  Doolittle,  the  latter  of  whom  after- 
wards became  a  justice  of  the  supreme  court.  Among  his  associates 
there  was  Roscoe  Conkling.  Mr.  Peet  was  admitted  to  the  bar  on  Novem- 
ber 2,  1848,  being  a  member  of  the  first  class  subsequent  to  the  adoption 
of  the  code  of  practice.  On  April  19,  1849,  he  opened  his  first  law  office 
on  the  corner  of  Wall  and  Pearl  streets,  New  York,  and  has  continued  to 
practice  in  that  city  ever  since,  his  present  firm  being  Bristow,  Peet  &: 
Opdyke.  In  1851  he  married  Miss  Homans  and  removed  to  the  Hill, 
where  he  became  successively  vestryman  of  the  Church  of  the  Messiah 
and  of  St.  Peter's.  In  1869  he  removed  to  Rockland  Count)',  but  he 
returned  in  1874  to  the  homestead  on  Columbia  Heights,  which  he  still 
occupies.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Atlantic  Yacht  Club,  his 
name  being  first  on  the  list ;  he  also  assisted  in  organizing  the  Hamilton 
Club,  and  the  Lawyers*  Club,  of  New  York. 

Eugene  W.  Durkee,  whose  name  stands  first  on  the  list  of  members 
of  the  Hamilton  Club,  is  prominent  in  a  number  of  other  social  organi- 
zations, having  been  connected  with  the  Brooklyn  Gun  Club  si.x  years,  the  Manhattan  Athletic  Club 
three  years,  the  Crescent  Club  two  years  and  the  Union  League  Club  of  New  York  five  years,  besides 
being  a  member  of  the  Eastern  Field  Trial,  Central  Field  Trial,  New  England  Field  Trial  and  Ameri- 
can Kennel  clubs.  At  Patchogue,  L.  I.,  he  owns  a  farm  of  one  hundred  and  fifty-si.x  acres,  upon  which 
are  a  beautiful  residence,  extensive  stables,  a  half  mile  track  and  large  kennels  which  are  noted  for  the 
prize  winners  they  have  produced.  These  things  are  simply  the  diversions  of  a  very  busy  man,  for  he  is 
the  head  of  a  firm  which  conducts  a  long  established  and  prosperous  business  ;  he  is  senior  partner  in  the 
house  of  E.  R.  Durkee  &  Co.,  New  York,  manufacturers  of  and  dealers  in  spices  and  grocers'  sundries. 
This  firm  was  established  in  1850  by  his  father,  E.  R.  Durkee,  and  it  operates  mills  in  Brooklyn.  Mr. 
Durkee  was  born  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  in  1850  and  his  parents  moved  to  Brooklyn  in  1851.  His  early  studies 
were  prosecuted  at  Professor  Overheiser's  school  and  he  completed  his  education  at  the  University  of 
Geneva,  in  Switzerland,  where  he  studied  until  1S71,  in  which  year  his  business  experience  began.  He 
married  Miss  E.  F.  Brigham,  daughter  of  L.  H.  Brigham,  of  Brooklyn.     She  died  twelve  years  ago. 

Caiiden  Crosby  Dike  was  born  in  Providence, 
R.  I.,  on  September  18,  1832,  and  is  the  son  of  Albyn 
V.  and  Phoebe  A.  Dike.  In  February,  1849,  when  six- 
teen years  of  age,  he  left  his  birthplace  and  came  to 
Brooklyn.  His  first  home  in  this  city  was  on  Clark 
street,  the  site  now  occupied  by  a  portion  of  Oving- 
ton's  establishment;  his  early  association  with  the 
Heights  engendered  in  him  a  certain  love  of  that 
locality  which  resulted  in  his  becoming  a  permanent 
resident  of  that  section.  His  first  occupation  was  in 
the  employ  of  Wilmerdings,  Priest  &  Mount,  auction- 
eers. He  next  engaged  in  the  wool  business  ;  form- 
ing with  his  brothers,  Henry  A.  and  James  P.  Dike, 
the  firm  of  Dike  Brothers,  who  conducted  a  large  for- 
eign and  domestic  trade  as  wool  commission  merchants 
and  importers.  At  a  later  time  he  became  senior  part- 
ner and  ultimately  retired  from  the  firm,  after  being 
closely  and  actively  associated  with  its  affairs  for 
thirty-six  years.  The  two  and  a  half  years  succeeding 
his  withdrawal  from  active  business  were  devoted  to 
foreign  travel,  in  which  he  was  accompanied  by  his 
family.  After  his  return  to  America  he  interested 
himself  to  a  great  extent  in  various  financial  and  chari- 
table institutions,  with  which  his  connection  has  since 
been  maintained  and  enlarged.  He  is  a  director  and 
was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Kings  County  Bank 
and  the  Hamilton  Trust  Company;  is  a  trustee  of  the 
South  Brooklyn  Savings  Bank,  the  Homceopathic  Hos- 
pital and  the  Church  of  the  Pilgrims  ;  a  member  of  the 


/a-**.^-^^^^^*^    ''^.      .-<Cw^, 


8so 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


Laurentian  Club  and  an  organizer  of  the  famous  Apollo  Club  ;  he  is  also  a  member  of  the  New  York  Cham- 
ber of  Commerce.  In  social  life  and  in  charitable  enterprises  his  duties  are  shared  by  his  wife,  whom  he 
married  in  1S57,  and  who  was  formerly  Miss  Jeannie  D.  Scott,  of  Attica,  a  daughter  of  David  and  Maria 
Scott,  and  a  granddaughter  of  Major-General  Phiiieas  Stanton,  a  prominent  actor  in  the  war  of  1812.  Three 
years  after  his  marriage  Mr.  Dike  built  the  handsome  house  now  occupied  by  him  at  194  Columbia  Heights. 
Norman  Seymour  Bentley  was  born  at  Sandy  Creek,  Oswego  County,  N.  Y.,  on  March  31,  1831.  He 
is  the  son  of  the  late  Elias  Bentley,  an  esteemed  citizen  of  Milton,  Saratoga  County,  N.  Y.  ;  his  mother's 
maiden  name  was  Sarah  Seymour.  After  studying  at  the  public  schools  of  his  native  place  and  at  an 
academical  private  school  in  Pulaski,  he  became  a  teacher  at  the  age  of  fourteen  and  taught  in  1845-6  at 
Sandy  Creek.  In  1850,  when  nineteen  years  old,  he  entered  the  wholesale  grocery  trade  in  New  York 
city  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Gasper  &:  Co.    Withdrawing  from   this  firm  in   1856,  he  took  an  interest 


Norman  S.  Bentley. 

in  the  wholesale  grocery  house  of  Gordon,  Fellows  &  McMillan,  to  whose  entire  business,  excluding  the 
liquor  department,  he  succeeded  in  1861,  forming  the  house  of  Bentley  &  Burton,  to  which  another  partner 
was  admitted  in  1867.  The  excellent  promise  of  investments  in  land  in  Oregon  was  brought  to  his  attention 
about  1868  and  he  associated  himself  with  Colonel  T.  Egenton  Hogg  of  that  state  in  acquiring  landed 
interests  there,  the  enterprise  giving  birth  to  the  Oregon  Development  Company,  the  Pacific  Construction 
Company,  the  Oregon  Pacific  Syndicate,  the  Oregon  Pacific  Railroad  and  several  other  large  interests.  He 
has  been  a  member  of  the  New  York  Chamber  of  Commerce  more  than  thirty  years  and  takes  especial 
pride  m  what  he  regards  as  a  public  service  which  he  was  able  to  render  on  the  special  committee  of  that 
body  appointed  to  consider  the  matter  of  ordnance  and  harbor  defence  for  the  country.  The  preparation  of 
the  report  was  entrusted  to  him,  and  after  it  had  been  unanimously  adopted  by  the  chamber  and 
warmly  commended  by  the  press,  it  received  the  most  respectful  attention  of  congress  and  was  described 
by  the  late  Samuel  J.  Randall,  chairman  of  the  congressional  committee  on  ways  and  means,  as  the  chart 
for  appropriations  in  that  year;  its  effect  has  been  felt  in  congress  ever  since  in  connection  with  the 
appropriations  for  defence.  The  result  was  especially  beneficial  to  New  York  and  Brooklyn.  In  politics 
Mr.  Bentley  is  an  ardent  Republican  and  was  a  member  of  the  first  Republican  club  ever  organized  in  New 


SOCIAL    CLUBS    AND    SOCL\L    LIFE. 


851 


York,  the  Fremont  and  Dayton  Club,  which  was  active  in  the  Fremont  campaign  ;  and  he  was  a  delegate 
to  the  convention  held  in  Saratoga  which  organized  the  Republican  party  in  this  state.  He  married  on 
February  4,  1858,  Miss  Emilie  M.  Wagner,  second  daughter  of  the  late  Daniel  B.  Wagner,  then  of  Budd's 
Lake,  N.  J.  His  home  is  at  271  Hicks  street  and  he  is  a  regular  attendant  at  Grace  P.  E.  Church;  he 
is  an  Episcopalian,  but  his  life-long  friendship  for  Mr.  Beecher  led  him  to  attend  Plymouth  Church  during 
the  early  part  of  the  famous  preacher's  ministry,  and  occasionally  throughout  Mr.  Beecher's  life.  In 
his  own  religious  denomination  he  has  been  an  effective  worker,  serving  many  years  as  vestryman  of  St. 
John's  Church;  he  was  afterwards  a  communicant  of  the  Church  of  the  Redeemer  several  years  and  then 
he  went  to  All  Saints  Church,  where  he  was  superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school.  He  has  been  many  years 
prominently  identified  with  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  of  New  York.  Other  organizations  in  which  he  holds  member- 
ship are  the  Hamilton,  the  Brooklyn,  and  the  Apollo  clubs,  of  Brooklyn,  the  Down  Town  Club,  Metropolitan 
Museum  of  Art,  American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  the  Board  of  Trade  and  Transportation,  of  New 
York,  and  the  American  Geographical  Society. 

Abram  B.  B.wlis  was  born  in  Brooklyn  in  1845.  He  was  educated  at  the  Brooklyn  Polytechnic 
Institute  and  at  Princeton,  entering  the  former  institution  on  the  first  day  it  opened  and  being  graduated 
in  1862.  He  went  at  once  to  Princeton  and  was  graduated  in  1866.  Immediately  after  leaving  college  he 
entered  the  office  of  his  father,  a  prominent  Wall  street  broker  and  the  founder  of  the  present  commission 
firm  of  Baylis  &  Co.  Upon  the  death  of  his  father  he  succeeded  to  his  interests  and  became  the  senior 
member  of  the  firm.  He  is  vice  president  of  the  Brooklyn  Trust  Company  and  a  director  in  the  Mechanics' 
Bank  and  the  old  Brooklyn  Savings  Bank.  He  is  a  prominent  figure  in  Brooklyn's  social  life  and  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Hamilton,  Crescent  Athletic  and  Brooklyn  Riding  and  Driving  clubs. 

Among  Brooklynites  there  are  none  who  have  contributed  more  to  the  multiplication  of  useful  appli- 
ances than  George  W.  Demond,  who,  after  many  years  of  successful  business  life,  is  now  enjoying  the 
ease  deserved  by  long  continued  industry  and  enterprise.  He  has  taken  out  many  patents,  all  of  them 
on  valuable  devices,  and  he  is  enrolled  as  a  life  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Charitable  Mechanics' 
Association.  He  is  of  French  extraction,  and  his  name  in  its  original  form  was  Dumaine,  of  which  its  pres- 
ent form  is  a  corruption.  His  grandfather  emigrated  to  America  from  France  at  the  time  of  the  French 
revolution,  and  from  New  York  went  to  Trois  Rivieres,  Canada.  He  had  married  a  lady  whose  family  was 
from  Holland  ;  she  had  one  son,  who  was  born  in  Montreal  in  October,  1794.  This  son,  who  was  the  father 
of  George  W.  Demond,  served  with  the  Montreal  Voltigeurs  in  the  British  army  during  the  war  of  1812, 
and  was  wounded  and  taken  prisoner  by  the  Americans,  who  took  him  to  Albany,  N.  Y.,  where  he  utilized  his 
trade  of  tin  and  coppersmith  by  applying  it  to  the  production  of  tin  cups  for  the  American  soldiers.  He 
married  about  1814,  and  in   1830  returned  to  Canada, 

where  George  AV.  Demond,  his  fourth  son,  was  born  at  •  ■■    ,,,„»„,,„-,-., ,.„,.....,    .,, 

St.  John's  on  January  22,  1S3 1.  George  was  educated 
in  Plattsburg  and  Champlain,  N.  Y.,  where  his  father 
spent  the  closing  portion  of  his  life,  and  after  leav- 
ing the  Champlain  Academy  he  was  engaged  with  his 
father  in  the  manufacture  of  tinware.  He  organized 
the  Massachusetts  Steam  Heating  Company  in  1856, 
and  introduced  the  first  low  pressure  heating  appara- 
tus under  the  Gold  patent  in  connection  with  James 
J.  Walworth  &  Co.  He  was  also  engaged  in  the 
furnace  and  stove  business  as  one  of  the  firm  of 
Demond,  Perry  &  Fenn,  which  was  succeeded  by 
Demond  &  Fenn.  During  the  civil  war  he  fitted  out 
several  men  at  his  own  e.xpense  for  service  in  the  Union 
army.  After  fifteen  years  of  business  in  Boston  he 
came  to  New  York  in  1865,  and  in  the  year  following 
he  organized  the  American  Ventilating  Company  of 
New  York,  introducing  patent  ventilators  of  his  own 
invention  and  making  use  of  the  Griffith  ventilators, 
the  rights  in  which  he  had  acquired  by  purchase.  He 
was  treasurer  and  vice-president  of  the  company  until 
1886,  when  it  dissolved  by  limitation.  He  formed  with 
George  M.  Pullman  and  others  the  Chicago  Ventilator 
Company.  He  has  been  a  resident  of  Brooklyn  since 
1865,  and  has  taken  an  active  interest  in  local  affairs. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Nineteenth  Ward  Republican 


.,^*J 


George  W.  Demond. 


3s= 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 


Association  and  a  life  member  of  tlie  Amphion  Musical  Society.  He  practically  retired  from  active  busi- 
ness in  1884.  With  his  family  he  attends  the  First  Reformed  Church,  in  which  he  holds  the  office  of  treasurer. 
Herman  Behr  was  born  in  Hamburg,  Germany,  on  March  4,  1S47,  His  father,  immediately  upon 
arriving  in  America,  came  to  live  in  Brooklyn,  and  was  for  many  years  a  prominent  hardware  merchant. 
Young  Behr  left  school  at  the  age  of  si.xteen  to  work  in  his  father's  factory,  remaining  there  until  the 
latter's  death,  which  occurred  in  1S65.  He  then  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  skates  on  his  own  account, 
but  did  not  make  any  very  great  success  of  his  venture,  and  accordingly  relinquished  it  to  accept  a  position 
with  a  down-town  business  house  in  New  York  city.  In  1872  he  began  his  present  business — that  of  the 
manufacture  of  sand  and  garnet  paper — in  which  he  has  been  more  than  ordinarily  successful.  His  resi- 
dence at  Pierrepont  and  Henry  streets  was  designed  and  constructed  under  the  direction  of  architect 
Frank  Freeman.  It  is  constructed  of  Scotch  sandstone  and  Belleville  brownstone,  with  facing  of  terra- 
cotta brick.  The  entrance  is  by  a  double  raised  stoop,  on  each  side  of  which  are  bay  windows  with 
opalescent  stained  glass.  The  entrance  hall  is  an  apartment  of  artistic  beauty  and  design  ;  its  main  feature 
is  a  kind  of  raised  ingle-nook  or  alcove,  in  which  is  an  open  fireplace  of  Scotch  sandstone.  The  design  is 
antique,  the  andirons  and  mantel  being  in  perfect  keeping.  To  the  right  upon  entering  is  the  drawing 
room,  e.xtending  two-thirds  of  the  entire  depth  of  the  house.  This  room  is  finished  in  polished  mahogany, 
unlike  the  hall,  which  is  of  oak,  while  the  ceiling,  divided  into  panels,  is  decorated  in  white  and  gold.  An 
open  fireplace  occupies  a  position  near  the  bay  window  on  one  side.  The  dining  room  is  situated  in  the 
rear  of  the  drawing  room,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  sliding  doors.  It  is  finished  with  oak  and  has  an 
open  fireplace  of  red  Numidian  marble  with  artistically  designed  andirons  and  a  mante'  of  carved  oak. 
The  library,  which  is  in  the  rear,  directly  facing  the  front  entrance,  is  finished  in  cherry,  with  book  cases  of 
the  same  wood.  The  ceiling  is  dome-shaped,  decorated  in  white  and  gold — the  latter  predominating.  Mr. 
Behr  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  Germania  Club,  of  which  he  has  been  the  president ;  and  to  his  efforts 
while  serving  on  the  building  committee  of  that  organization  much  is  due.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Ger- 
man Club  of  New  York,  and  of  the  Hamilton,  Crescent,  and  Rembrandt  clubs  of  this  city. 

From  a  New  England  ancestry  that  may  be  traced  to  an  honorable  source  in  old  England,  George  J. 
Laighton  inherited  those  qualities  of  industry,  honesty  and  thrift  that  can  always  be  discerned  in  the  char- 
acter of  successful  business  men.  He  has  lived  in  Brooklyn  nearly  thirty  years  and  enjoys  a  full  degree  of 
popularity  as  a  citizen.  He  is  a  life  member  of  the  New  England  Society  and  a  trustee  of  the  Homoeo- 
pathic Hospital.  He  is  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  hardware  and  has  headquarters  at  45  Chambers 
street,  New  York.  He  acquired  his  first  knowledge  of  the  business  in  a  store  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  in 
which  city  he  was  born  on  March  27,  1S46,  and  where  he  was  graduated  at  the  high  school  when  fifteen 

years  old.     He  came  to  Brooklyn  in  1863,  and  obtained 
.-,,-„^.^,  .,.,.-„.,:,.,,.,„         employment  in  the  New  York  house  of  the  Russell  & 

Erwin  Manufacturing  Company,  of  New  Britain,  Conn., 
and  he  is  now  a  director  and  associate  manager  of  the 
New  York  branch  of  that  company,  having  become  a 
member  of  the  company  in  1867. 

Samuel  J.  Cawley  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in 
1850.  Like  the  majority  of  Philadelphians  of  that  time 
he  was  of  Quaker  parentage.  For  some  time  he  at- 
tended the  New  York  grammar  schools  and  free 
academy  and  later  the  Philadelphia  high  school.  In 
i860  he  began  his  mercantile  career  with  William  A. 
Drown  &  Company,  of  Philadelphia.  Four  years  later 
he  came  to  New  York  to  become  a  member  of  the 
firm  of  George  J.  Byrd  &  Company.  He  became  a 
nember  of  the  present  umbrella  manufacturing  firm  of 
Heiter,  Glen  &  Cawley  in  18S8.  He  married  Miss 
Mary  Brice,  of  Philadelphia,  the  daughter  of  William 
]jrice,a  former  president  of  the  Commercial  E.xchange 
of  Philadelphia,  and  one  of  the  building  commission- 
ers of  that  city.  He  moved  to  Brooklyn  in  1876,  since 
which  year  he  has  been  thoroughly  identified  with  the 
social  life  of  the  city,  being  a  member  of  the  Hamilton 
and  O.xford  clubs  here  and  a  member  of  the  Man- 
hattan Athletic  Club,  in  New  York.  He  takes  an 
interest  in  the  government  of  his  adopted  city,  but 
is  in  no  respect  a  politician  or  an  office  seeker. 


Samuki.  J.  Cawley. 


^ 


S54 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


William  Satterlee  Packer  Prentice,  who  was  born  at  i  Grace  court  in  1852,  is  a  great-grandson 
of  Major  Nathaniel  Sarteli  Prentice,  who  was  captain  of  the  third  company,  i6th  Regiment,  New  Hampshire 
militia,  under  Colonel  Bellows,  and  subsequently  was  elected  major  in  Colonel  Nahum  Baldwin's  regiment 
(the  2d  New  Hampshire),  but  did  not  serve  ;  in  1775  he  was  a  member  of  the  New  Hampshire  provin- 
cial congress.  Mr.  Prentice  was  educated  at  the  Polytechnic  Institute,  and  engaged  in  business  on  Wall 
street  in  1872.  He  remained  there  seven  years,  when  he  became  manager  of  his  father's  extensive  interests 
at  the  Prentice  stores  in  this  city.  In  1881  he  returned  to  Wall  street,  and  joined  the  firm  of  W.  C.  Sheldon 
&  Co.  He  married  Miss  Ella  Crawford  Sheldon  in  1S80,  and  their  home  is  at  44  Remsen  street.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Ihpetongaand  Crescent  Athletic  clubs,  Brooklyn,  the  Down  Town  Club  and  the  New  Eno-land 
Society,  of  New  York,  and  the  Parmachenee  Fishing  and  Game  Club,  of  Maine.  He  is  a  director  in  the 
Brooklyn  Riding  and  Driving  Clul),  and  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Sons  of  the  Revolution.  He  is  an 
enthusiastic  sportsman  and  is  devoted  to  the  pleasures  derivable  from  rod  and  gun. 

Charles  Curie,  of  the  law  firm  of  Curie,  Smith  &  Mackie,  of  New  York,  has  been  ten  years  a  well- 
known  and  highly-esteemed  citizen  of  Brooklyn.  He  was  born  near  Montbeliard,  Department  du  Doubs 
France,  in  1842,  and  coming  to  America  with  his  parents  in  1844  resided  first  in  Paterson,  N.  J.  In  1859 
he  entered  into  the  service  of  the  importing  house  of  Ad.  Koop  &  Sattler,  New  York,  where  he  remained 
attending  to  the  custom  house  business  of  the  firm,  until  the  beginning  of  the  civil  war.  On  April  in, 
1S61,  he  enlisted  in  the  Hawkins  Zouaves,  9th  New  York  Volunteers.  In  the  charge  of  his  regiment  on 
Fort  Defiance,  Roanoke  Island,  he  was  the  first  to  reach  the  works  and  to  wave  the  flag  of  the  gth  Regi- 
ment over  them,  alth(jugh  then  he  was  a  private  soldier  and  but  little  over  nineteen  years  of  age.  He  was 
wounded  in  the  charge  of  his  regiment  on  the  Confederate  batteries  at  Antietam,  and  was  furloughed  and 
subsequently  promoted  to  lieutenant  in  the  2d  Battalion,  Hawkins  Zouaves.  He  was  in  General  A.  J. 
Smith's  command  in  the  Red  River  campaign,  was  appointed  acting  ordnance  officer  of  the  brigade  and 
later  of  the  division,  and  continued  in  A.  J.  Smith's  and  Joseph  A.  Mower's  commands  in  their  campaigns 
in  Arkansas,  Tennessee,  Mississippi  and  Missouri.  He  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  captain  in  May,  1S64. 
His  last  campaign  e.xtended  from  the  Mississippi  river  to  the  Little  Big  Blue  river,  near  Kansas,  where 
Price's  forces  were  run  down  and  forced  to  fight,  capitulate,  or  scatter.  During  the  march  back  to  the 
Mississippi  with  orders  to  join  General  Thomas  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  he  took  cold  and  gave  out  while  in 
command  of  his  company  when  about  half  way  back,  was  sent  to  Jefferson  barracks  hospital,  and  on 
December  16,  1864,  was  honorably  discharged  from  the  service  on  account  of  disability.  He  had  sufii- 
ciently  recovered  by  January  i,  1866,  to  return  to  his  vocation  of  custom  house  clerk  for  his  old  firm,  where 
he  remained  until  January  i,  1868,  when  he  began  a  custom  house  brokerage  business  with  Julius  Binge, 

of  New  York,  under  the  firm  name  of  Binge  &  Curie. 

r  ~" He  removed  from  Paterson  to  Brooklyn  and  was  ad- 

■  mitted  to  the  bar  of  this  state  in  1SS2.     He  had  had 

i  an  extensive  experience  in  custom  house  matters,  and 

systematically  compiled  all  the  decisions  of  the  United 
States  supreme  court  on  custom  house  duties,  etc.,  from 
the  beginning  of  the  government,  and  when  the  act  of 
1883  was  passed,  the  first  general  tariff  act  since  the 
passage  of  the  revised  statutes  in  1874,  his  readiness 
in  deciding  questions  under  it  and  his  willingness  to 
back  his  opinion  by  prosecuting  the  cases  upon  a  con- 
tingent fee,  brought  him  all  the  work  he  could  attend 
to  in  a  short  time.  Many  tariff  questions  have  been 
successfully  litigated  by  Mr.  Curie  in  the  interest  of 
importers,  and  his  clientage  includes  the  most  promi- 
nent importing  houses  in  New  York.  Until  the  pas- 
sage of  the  McKinley  tariff  bill,  Mr.  Curie  was  alone  in 
tii^^H^^^Bk  Wf^^^^^^K-  '^'^  practice,  but  after  that  the  firm  of  Curie,  Smith  & 

Mackie  was  organized  in  New  York.  He  occupies  the 
old  homestead  of  N.  P.  Willis,  "Idlewild,"  Cornwall- 
on-Hudson,  from  Friday  to  Tuesday,  and  the  remain- 
der of  the  week  he  is  in  Brooklyn.  He  is  a  member 
of  Ivanhoe  Lodge,  F.  &  A.  M.,  of  Farragut  Post,  G.  A. 
R.,  of  Paterson,  N.  J.,  an  honorary  member  of  E.  A. 
Kimball  Post,  of  New  York  city,  and  a  member  of  the 
New  York  commandery  of  the  Military  Order  of  the 
Loyal  Legion    of    New  York.       In    Brooklyn   he  is  a 


Charles  Cukie. 


SOCIAL   CLUBS    AND    SOCL\L   LIFE.  855 

member  of  the  Hamilton,  Lincoln,  and  Riding  and  Driving  clubs,  and  the  society  of  the  officers  of  the 
New  Jersey  Battalion  at  Yorktown.  In  1870  he  married  Miss  Jennie  Andrews,  daughter  of  James  Andrews, 
of  Paterson,  N.  J.      He  is  a  pew-holder  in  the  Central  Congregational  Church. 

One  of  the  most  active  business  men  in  the  sister  cities  is  John  Gibb,  who  at  the  same  time  is  one  of 
the  best  known  men  in  club  circles  in  Brooklyn,  where  he  resides.  Besides  his  connection  with  the 
Hamilton  Club  he  is  a  member  of  the  Brooklyn,  O.xford,  Crescent  and  Germania  clubs.  He  was  born  in 
Forfarshire,  Scotland,  in  1829,  and  came  to  America  at  the  age  of  twenty-one.     His  first  employment  was 


John  Gibb. 

in  the  large  importing  house  of  J.  R.  Jaffray  &  Co.,  where  his  industry  and  thorough  fidelity  to  the  interests 
of  his  employers  soon  resulted  in  his  advancement  to  responsible  positions.  At  the  end  of  fifteen  years  he 
had  saved  enough  to  go  into  business  on  his  own  account,  and  in  company  with  Philo  L.  Mills  he  founded 
the  New  York  firm  of  Mills  &  Gibb  in  1865.  In  1887  he  acquired  the  controlling  interest  in  the  firm  of 
Frederick  Loeser  &  Co.,  Brooklyn,  the  business  of  which  since  that  time  has  been  under  the  management  of 
himself  and  his  son,  Howard.  He  is  a  director  in  the  Brooklyn  Trust  Company  and  a  trustee  of  the 
Adelphi  Academy.  In  1852  he  married  Miss  Balston,  of  Brooklyn,  who  died  in  1878;  he  contracted  a 
second  marriage  in  1882.     His  residence  is  at  218  Gates  avenue. 

Lewis  Thurber  Lazell  is  counted  among  the  older  members  of  the  club.  He  is  at  the  head  of  the 
perfume  manufacturing  corporation  known  as  Lazell,  Dalley  &  Co.,  of  New  York.  He  began  life  at  the  age 
of  fourteen  as  a  clerk  in  a  book  store  ;  three  years  later  he  engaged  in  the  drug  business  at  Worcester,  Mass. 
In  1885  he  moved  to  New  York  and  organized  the  firm  of  Lazell,  Marsh  &  Hunn,  one  of  his  new  associates, 
Mr.  Marsh,  having  once  been  a  clerk  in  his  employ.  During  the  following  decade  the  business  flourished, 
though  the  firm-name  was  several  times  changed.  With  the  beginning  of  the  year  1891  the  firm  discon- 
tinued the  manufacture  of  drugs  and  was  reorganfzed  upon  its  present  basis.  Mr.  Lazell  was  born  in 
Bellingham,  Mass.,  in  1825,  and  was  educated  at  Worcester.  His  ancestors  were  French  Huguenots,  who 
emigrated  to  America  in  1636.  In  1847  he  married  Miss  Ellen  Stone,  of  Worcester.  Eleven  years  after  his 
marriage  he  moved  to  Brooklyn  and  now  resides  on  Livingston  street.  He  has  been  connected  with  the 
First  Baptist  Church  since  1858,  and  is  president  of  its  board  of  trustees. 


Edward  Henry  Kellogg,  who  has  been  one  of  Brooklyn's  representative  citizens  many  years,  is  a 
descendant  of  Asa  Kellogg,  of  Springfield,  Mass.,  who  died  about  1820.  On  the  maternal  side  he  is  a 
grandson  of  one  of  the  patriots  of  the  revolutionary  period.  Patriotism  is  an  inherited  trait  in  the  Kellogg 
family,  also,  for  they  are  of  Scotch  extraction  and  their  early  ancestors  were  firm  adherents  of  King  James 
the  First,  having  left  their  own  land  to  accompany  that  monarch  to  England.  Mr.  Kellogg  was  born  in 
Ira,  Cayuga  County,  N.  Y.,  on  September  i,  182S,  and  his  boyhood  was  spent  on  his  father's  farm.  He 
studied  at  the  Victory  Academy  until  he  was  fourteen  years  old  and  ended  his  studies  at  Wenzer's  Quaker 
seminary,  at  Venice,  Cayuga  County,  N.  Y.  At  the  age  of  si.\teen  he  went  to  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  to  take  a 
clerkship  in  a  store.  From  Auburn  he  went  to  Rochester,  where  he  was  engaged  in  a  similar  capacity,  and 
in  185 1  he  moved  to  New  York  city.  He  made  his  home  in  Brooklyn  and  obtained  a  clerkship  in  a  New 
York  commission  house,  the  interests  of  which  he  served  with  such  fidelity  and  success  that  he  rose  to  a 
partnership  in  the  establishment.  His  thorough  business  methods  were  allied  with  far-seeing  sagacity 
and  it  is  to  him  perhaps  more  than  to  any  other  individual  the  honor  belongs  of  introducing  the  use  of 
petroleum  for  lubricating  purposes.  So  great  did  the  demand  become  that  the  firm  found  it  necessary  as 
early  as  1876  to  establish  a  branch  house  in  Liverpool,  England,  to  facilitate  its  e.xport  business.  In  addi- 
tion to  his  present  interest  in  the  New  York  house  he  is  actively  connected  with  the  Dime  Savings  Bank  of 
Brooklyn,  of  which  he  is  vice-president  and  to  the  affairs  of  which  he  gives  close  attention,  dividing  his 
business  hours  between  his  office  in  that  institution  and  his  office  in  New  York.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Union  League  Club,  the  Importers'  and  Traders'  Club,  and  the  Down  Town  Association,  of  New  York,  and 
of  the  Hamilton  Club,  of  Brooklyn.  In  i860  he  married  Charlotte,  daughter  of  Francis  Fickett,  one  of  the 
old-time  shipbuilders  of  New  York.     His  residence  is  one  of  the  handsomest  on  Columbia  Heights. 

WiLLi.\.M  KuJMHEL  Wilson  is  vice-president,  secretary  and  one  of  the  directors  of  the  Snell  Manufac- 
turing Company,  which  manufactures  tools  for  car  and  bridge  building,  and  he  has  charge  of  the  New  York 
st(jres.  His  business  experience  began  in  1871,  when  he  was  given  a  clerkship  in  the  wholesale  hardware 
jobbing  house  of  Clark,  Wilson  &  Co.,  a  New  York  firm  of  which  his  father  was  a  member.  After  several 
years  of  clerkship  he  was  admitted  as  a  partner  and  later  the  firm  was  reorganized  under  the  name  of  Bates, 


SOCIAL   CLUBS   AND    SOCIAL   LIFE. 


857 


William  K.  Wilson. 


Wilson  &  Co.,  continuing  until  1888,  when  it  retired  from  the  jobbing 
trade  and  devoted  itself  to  manufacturing.  Mr.  Wilson  was  born  in  1848 ; 
he  attended  school  at  Tarrytown,  N.  Y.,  and  then  at  Englewood,  N.  J., 
subsequently  attending  St.  Germain,  a  collegiate  institute  near  Paris, 
France,  where  he  was  graduated  in  186S.  James  Clark  Wilson,  his  father, 
was  the  son  of  Dr.  James  Wilson,  a  distinguished  New  York  physician 
of  revolutionary  times.  Mr.  Wilson  has  been  connected  with  the  7th 
Regiment  for  the  past  twenty  years.  About  the  year  1875  he  married 
Miss  Lizzie  Lockwood,  daughter  of  Major  John  B.  Lockwood,  an  officer 
in  the  Union  army. 

Since  his  arrival  in  the  United  States  in  1874,  George  Gray  Ward 
has  been  a  resident  of  Brooklyn  and  he  is  prominent  in  the  Episcopal 
church  here  as  one  of  the  vestrymen  of  St.  Ann's.  In  addition  to  his 
membership  in  the  Hamilton  Club  he  holds  that  relation  to  the  Down 
Town  Club  of  New  York.  He  was  born  in  England  in  1844  and  was 
educated  at  Cambridge.  Telegraphy  and  electrical  science  interested 
him  at  an  early  age  and  he  was  employed  some  time  in  the  British  govern- 
ment's telegraphic  service  in  Egypt.  Subsequently  he  was  on  the  steamship  "  Great  Eastern  "  and  assisted 
in  laying  one  of  the  Atlantic  cables.  After  coming  to  America  he  was  associated  with  Laurence  Oliphant, 
the  author,  who  was  connected  with  Atlantic  telegraphy  at  that  time;  and  later  he  organized  the  Com- 
mercial Cable  Company  for  Messrs.  Mackay  and  Bennett.  He  contributed  materially  to  the  success  of  that 
enterprise  and  is  vice-president  of  the  company.  He  is  also  a  director  in  the  Postal  Telegraph  Company 
and  the  Brooklyn  District  Telegraph  Company,  and  vice-president  of  the  American  Forcite  Company. 

The  interests  of  trade  brought  Frederick  W.  Moss  into  active  association  with  the  commercial  life  of 
the  United  States  in  1865,  ten  years  before  he  became  a  resident  of  the  country.  He  was  born  in  1849  in 
Sheffield,  England,  where  he  was  educated  at  Sheffield  College.  In  New  York  he  represents  the  firm  of 
Moss  &  Gamble,  of  Sheffield,  manufacturers  of  steel  for  tools.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Hamilton,  Rem- 
brandt, and  Riding  and  Driving  clubs,  and  of  the  Long  Island  Historical  Society,  a  life  member  of  the  St. 
George  Society  and  a  trustee  of  the  Children's  Aid  Society,  the  Brooklyn  Bureau  of  Charities  and  the 
Church  of  the  Pilgrims.  Until  recently  he  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  Chamber  of  Commerce.  He 
resides  at  33  Remsen  street. 

John  Askew  Tucker  is  a  member  of  the  Quogue  Field  and  the  Great  South  Bay  Yacht  clubs  as 
well  as  of  the  Hamilton.  He  is  a  native  of  Brooklyn,  having  been  born  on  Washington  street  in  1840. 
Richard  Sands  Tucker  was  his  father  and  his  mother  was  Sarah  Ann  Carter,  a  daughter  of  Robert  Carter. 
He  was  a  student  at  the  Polytechnic  Institute  when  that  institution  of  learning  was  opened  and  in  1861  he 
was  graduated  at  Columbia  College.  As  a  member  of  the  7th  Regiment  he  took  part  in  the  campaigning 
of  that  command  during  the  early  years  of  the  civil  war.  After  his  return  from  the  south  he  became  a 
clerk  with  the  firm  of  Tucker,  Carter  &  Co.,  which  eventually  was  incorporated  under  the  state  laws  as  the 
Tucker  &  Carter  Cordage  Company.  Its  officers  are :  C.  P.  Marsh,  president ;  J.  A.  Tucker,  treasurer  ;  E. 
M.  Johnson,  secretary.  Mr.  Tucker  is  a  director  of  the  Leather  Manufacturers'  Bank  of  New  York  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  and  the  Maritime  Exchange.  He  is  one  of  the  commissioners  in 
charge  of  improving  the  parks  on  Brooklyn  Heights.  In  politics  he  is  a  Republican.  For  many  years  he 
was  one  of  the  vestrymen  of  the  Church  of  the  Redeemer  and  at  one  time  he  was  one  of  the  wardens  ;  at 
the  present  time  he  is  a  member  of  Grace  Church  on  Brooklyn  Heights.  In  1866  he  married  Miss  Jeannie 
A.  Parsons,  in  New  York. 

Henry  Everston  Nitchie  is  largely  interested  in  one  of  the  most  prominent  business  enterprises  of 
Brooklyn,  that  of  warehousing,  being  a  member  of  the  firm  of  E.  B.  Bartlett  &  Co.,  and  a  vice-president 
and  secretary  of  the  Empire  Warehouse  Company,  limited,  both  of  which  have  their  warehouses  on  the 
Brooklyn  water  front.  His  office  is  in  New  York  city,  and  his  home  is  at  42  Lefferts  place,  Brooklyn.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Hamilton  and  Lincoln  clubs,  the  Down  Town  Club,  of  New  York,  and  the  Shelter  Island 
Yacht  Club.  He  was  born  in  Brooklyn  in  1848,  and  was  educated  at  the  Polytechnic  Institute  ;  in  1862  he 
obtained  employment  with  Frothingham  &  Co.,drygoods  commission  merchants  of  New  York,  and  remained 
with  them  six  or  seven  years  ;  he  then  went  into  the  insurance  brokerage  business,  which  he  continued  until 
1882.  In  that  year  he  became  a  member  of  the  firm  of  E.  B.  Bartlett  &  Co.  On  the  maternal  side  he  is  allied 
to  New  England  people,  his  mother  being  a  member  of  the  Howard  family,  which  came  from  Salem,  Mass., 
to  Brooklyn  early  in  its  history.  He  married  Miss  E.  W.  Duncklee  in  Brooklyn  in  1872,  and  the  family 
attends  the  Classon  Avenue  Presbyterian  Church,  of  which  he  is  a  member. 

William  Crawford  Sheldon,  Jr.,  is  a  great-grandson  of  Sergeant  Job  Sheldon,  who  in  the  war  of  the 
revolution  served  in  Colonel  Olney's  regiment  of  the  Rhode  Island  line.     He  was  born  in  Brooklyn  and 


8s8 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


lived  in  his  native  city  until  recently,  when  he  moved  to  Bernardsville,  N.  J.  His  home  in  Brooklyn  was  on 
Pierrepont  street  He  is  a  member  of  the  Hamilton  Club,  of  Brooklyn,  the  University  and  Calumet  clubs 
and  the  Society  of  Sons  of  the  Revolution,  New  York.  All  his  business  life  has  been  devoted  to  banking 
and  he  is  one  of  the  firm  of  William  C.  Sheldon  &  Co.,  New  York.  He  was  born  in  1859  and  was  educated 
at  St  Paul's  School   Concord,  N.  H.,  and  Trinity  College.     In  18S4  he  married  Miss  Bessie  Benham. 

Carll  H  De  Silver,  although  a  native  of  the  west,  has  spent  the  greater  portion  of  his  life  in  this  city, 
where  his  activity  in  all  social  and  charitable  functions  has  placed  him  among  the  most  prominent  people. 
He  was  born  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  in  1846,  and  coming  here  in   1859  received  his  education  at  the  Poly- 


Carll  H.  De  Silver. 


technic  Institute.  Soon  after  completing  his  studies  he  visited  the  Orient  and  spent  five  years  in  China,  making 
himself  familiar  with  the  commercial  relations  established  between  Hong  Kong  and  other  cities  of  the 
celestial  empire  and  the  United  States.  Before  attaining  his  twenty-first  year  he  had  traveled  around  the 
globe.  Upon  returning  to  his  native  country  he  entered  the  field  of  stock  speculation  in  Wall  street,  and 
has  since  risen  to  eminence  among  those  who  have  acquired  fortunes  in  that  exciting  financial  theatre.  He 
is  vice-president  of  the  Homoeopathic  Hospital's  board  of  trustees,  vice-president  of  the  Apollo  Glee  Club, 
vice-president  of  the  Rembrandt  Club,  a  director  of  the  Brooklyn  Philharmonic  Society,  a  trustee  of  the 
Brooklyn  Museum  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  and  a  life  member  of  the  Hamilton  and  Brooklyn  clubs.  He  is  also 
a  member  of  the  Crescent  and  Germania  clubs.  As  an  art  connoisseur  his  reputation  stands  deservedly 
high.  Some  of  his  pictures  are  described  in  the  chapter  on  Literature  and  the  Fine  Arts.  He  has  taken 
some  share  in  politics,  and  was  chairman  of  the  city  convention  which  renominated  A.  C.  Chapin  for  the 
mayoralty  in  1889.     He  is  now  one  of  the  state  commissioners  of  charities. 

For  more  than  thirty  years  Arthur  Murphy  has  been  a  resident  of  Brooklyn,  but  his  professional 
career  belongs  rather  to  New  York,  where  he  has  an  excellent  law  practice.  He  was  born  on  December  9, 
1853,  in  New  York  city.  He  is  of  Scotch  blood  on  his  mother's  side,  and  his  father  was  of  Irish  birth.  He  was 
educated  at  the  public  schools  of  New  York  and  Brooklyn,  and  has  studied  in  France,  Germany  and  Scot- 
land. He  attended  Columbia  College  Law  School,  and  was  graduated  in  1874,  being  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
the  winter  of  that  year,  and  at  once  commenced  the  practice  of  the  law.     His  practice  is  confined  more 


SOCIAL   CLUBS   AND    SOCL\L    LIFE. 


859 


George  E.  Ide. 


particularly  to  the  mercantile  and  commercial  branches, 
embracing  assignments,  insolvency  and  bankruptcy 
proceedings.  He  is  secretary  and  treasurer  of  Snow, 
Church  &  Co.,  a  large  collection  corporation  with 
branches  throughout  the  country.  He  is  also  director 
in  the  New  York  and  Chicago  Chemical  Company.  He 
lived  in  the  fourth  ward  nearly  twenty-eight  years,  and 
for  three  years  he  was  president  of  the  Democratic 
Association  of  that  ward.  On  June  5,  1SS3,  he  married 
Miss  Florence  K.  Nokes,  of  Washington,  D.  C.  He 
resides  at  392  Clinton  street.  He  is  active  in  church 
work,  and  is  secretary  and  trustee  of  the  Second  Pres- 
byterian Church  of  Brooklyn.  He  is  greatly  inter- 
ested in  boating,  sailing  and  fishing,  and  is  fond  of 
reading.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Franklin  Literary 
Society  and  the  St.  Patrick  Society. 

Men  who  while  still  in  early  life  have  won  a  posi- 
tion of  eminence  in  business  circles  are  not  plentiful 
enough  to  render  their  success  an  event  too  usual  for 
comment.  One  of  those  whose  energy  has  placed  him 
in  a  post  of  much  responsibility  is  George  E.  Ide,  who 
was  born  in  this  city  on  May  10,  i860.  He  was  pre- 
pared for  college  at  the  Polytechnic  Institute,  and  was 
graduated  from  Yale  with  the  class  of  1S81  ;  while  at 
the  great  New  Haven  University  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Scroll  and  Key  and  Phi  Beta  Kappa  socie- 
ties. After  completing  his  education  he  passed  eight  years  in  the  employ  of  Dominick  &  Dickerman,  the 
well-known  firm  of  New  York  brokers.  He  then  spent  a  short  time  with  S.  V.  White  &  Co.,  and  in  May, 
1890,  became  secretary  of  the  Home  Life  Insurance  Company.  He  was  elected  to  the  vice-presidency  of 
the  company,  a  position  which  he  now  occupies.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Hamilton  Club  and  of  the  execu- 
tive committee  of  the  Brooklyn  Civil  Service  Reform  Association  ;  he  is  also  a  member  of  the  Insurance 
Club  of  New  York. 

Richard  S.  Barnes  was  born  in  Brooklyn  on  November  21,  1854.  He  is  a  son  of  the  late  Alfred  S. 
Barnes.  He  obtained  his  education  successively  at  the  Adelphi  Academy,  the  Polytechnic  Institute  and  at 
Williston  Seminar}^,  East  Hampton,  Mass.  In  1872  he  made  a  tour  of  Europe  and  the  picture  galleries  of 
the  old  world  inspired  him,  in  later  years,  to  gather  about  him  numerous  works  of  modern  artists,  until  now 
he  possesses  one  of  the  finest  private  galleries  in  the  city.  He  became  a  partner  in  the  firm  of  A.  S.  Barnes 
&  Co.  in  I  "^83,  and  upon  the  transfer  of  the  school  book  department  to  the  American  Book  Company 
he  remained  with  the  old  house  in  the  management  of  its  business.  The  firm  of  A.  S.  Barnes  &  Co. 
dissolved  in  November,  1891,  and  in  the  incorporation  that  followed  he  was  elected  to  the  office  of  treasurer. 
He  is  a  director  in  the  Kings  County  Bank,  trustee  of  the  Brooklyn  Institute,  treasurer  of  the  Automatic 
Fire  Alarm  Company,  New  York,  and  has  been  treasurer  of  the  Congregational  Club  of  Brooklyn  since  its 
organization.  In  politics  he  is  a  Republican  and  has  stood  by  the  Young  Republican  Club  since  its  forma- 
tion. He  joined  the  23d  Regiment  in  1S79,  served  his  term  of  enlistment,  and  was  then  instrumental  in  form- 
ing the  veteran  association  of  Company  D,  of  which  he  was  president  four  successive  years.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Hamilton,  Riding  and  Driving,  Rembrandt,  and  Marine  and  Field  clubs,  of  Brooklyn,  and 
of  the  Down  Town  Club,  in  New  York.  He  is  also  a  trustee  of  the  Brooklyn  Hospital,  the  Union  for 
Christian  Work  and  one  of  the  auditors  of  the  American  Missionary  Association.  He  has  a  summer  house 
at  Washington,  Conn. 

On  both  sides  of  the  East  River  Dick  S.  Ramsay  has  made  his  influence  felt  both  in  business  and  social 
relations.  He  was  one  of  the  first  fifty  members  of  the  Hamilton  Club,  an  early  member  of  the  Carleton 
and  one  of  the  few  American  members  of  the  Germania.  The  Long  Island  Historical  Society  includes  him 
in  its  membership,  he  is  a  director  of  the  Long  Island  Free  Library,  a  life  member  of  the  Seney  Hospital, 
past  master  of  Orion  Lodge,  717,  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  a  contributor  to  various  charitable  organizations.  He  is 
one  of  the  trustees  of  the  Kings  County  Trust  Company.  In  New  York  he  is  a  director  of  the  Hide  and 
Leather  Bank,  a  trustee  of  the  East  River  Savings  Bank,  managing  director  and  treasurer  of  the  Ely-Ramsay 
Company,  director  and  treasurer  of  the  Stove  Manufacturers'  Supply  and  Repair  Association,  member  of 
the  New  York  Chamber  of  Commerce,  the  New  York  Board  of  Trade  and  Transportation,  the  Consolidated 
Stock  and  Petroleum  Exchange,  and  the  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art,    His  continuance  in  office  as  the 


86o 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


Dick  S.  Ramsay. 


president  of  the  New  York  Local  Stove  Manufacturers' 
Association  and  liis  election  to  the  vice-presidency 
of  the  National  Stove  Manufacturers'  Association,  are 
indications  of  the  esteem  in  which  he  is  held  among 
his  business  associates.  He  was  a  member  of  the  firm 
of  Ely  &  Ramsay,  of  New  York,  until  1890  when  the 
firm  became  an  incorporated  company.  In  iSSo  a  con- 
flagration swept  away  Ely  &  Ramsay's  factory,  leav- 
ing them  absolutely  nothing  except  the  firm's  reputa- 
tion for  enterprise  and  integrity.  But  within  a  few 
months  they  had  purchased  and  equipped  a  factory 
at  Peekskill  and  began  what  has  continued  to  be  a 
career  of  decided  prosperity.  Mr.  Ramsay  was  born 
in  Columbus,  Ky.,  on  August  9,  1S46.  His  home  was 
among  the  first  to  receive  the  invasion  of  the  Confeder- 
ate and  then  of  the  LTnion  army.  They  destroyed  every- 
thing, leaving  his  widowed  mother  and  four  boys,  of 
whom  he  was  the  eldest,  entirely  without  means.  He 
decided  to  try  his  fortune  in  the  north  and  in  1862 
went  to  Chicago,  where  he  obtained  a  clerkship  in  a 
wholesale  drug  house.  The  war  period  was  one  of 
speculation  and  with  his  first  earnings  he  began  specu- 
lating, and  continued  it  with  such  success  that  in  1866 
he  left  Chicago  with  a  fortune.  He  visited  New  York, 
intending  to  go  to  Europe,  but  was  induced  to  visit 
Wall  street.  Within  six  months  every  dollar  he  had 
was  lost.  He  at  once  engaged  in  soliciting  insurance  and  continued  this  until  1869,  when  he  put  his  savmgs 
into  the  stock  of  a  manufacturing  company  and  again  lost  all.  Not  discouraged,  he  essayed  business  again, 
associating  himself  in  1870  with  N.  L.  Ely.  A  small  retail  stove  store  was  opened  and  from  that  beginning 
their  present  business  has  grown. 

EXCELSIOR  CLUB. 

In  its  origin  the  Excelsior  Club  is  one  of  the  oldest  in  Brooklyn,  and  its  history  has  been  continuous, 
although  its  character  has  essentially  changed.  It  was  organized  as  the  Excelsior  Base  Ball  Club  on  Decem- 
ber 8,  1854,  and  while  its  name  indicated  the  special  object  for  which  it  came  into  existence  the  social  ele- 
ment, which  afterwards  became  dominant  in  the  organization,  had  its  recognized  place.  The  club  was  incor- 
porated under  its  original  name  in  1874.  About  that  time,  or  soon  after,  its  activity  in  athletic  sports  ceased 
and  it  became  a  purely  social  club,  dropping  the  words  "  base  ball  "  from  its  name  in  1S78.  While  the  mem- 
bership is  comparatively  small,  it  includes  some  of  the  best  known  club  men  in  the  city,  and  is  largely  made 
up  of  the  younger  men.  There  is  a  degree  of  social  intercourse  among  the  members  that  is  peculiar  to  this 
one  club,  and  it  has  been  said  that  it  resembles,  socially,  a  college  society  more  than  it  does  the  ordinary  type 
of  organizations  of  its  class.  Its  house,  at  133  Clinton  street,  corner  of  Livingston,  is  large  enough  for  its 
purposes,  and  is  attractively  furnished  and  decorated.  The  officers  are  :  George  W.  Chauncey,  president ; 
Harry  C.  Duval,  vice-president;  F.  S.  Little,  recording  secretary  ;  J.  E.  Lawrence,  corresponding  secretary ; 
J.  Lloyd  Hall,  treasurer. 

GERMANIA  CLUB. 

Among  the  larger  and  better  known  clubs  of  Brooklyn,  the  Germania  is  entitled  to  rank  among  the  first 
in  point  of  age.  The  late  Dr.  Arming,  a  physician  of  considerable  prominence,  who  lived  near  the  corner 
of  State  and  Court  streets  more  than  thirty  years  ago,  was  largely  instrumental  in  forming  the  club  on  a 
basis  that  practically  made  it  a  distinctively  German  organization.  The  Germania  was  organized  in  1859. 
Besides  Dr.  Arming  the  list  of  members  at  that  time  included  James  Eschwege,  K.  E.  Kahl,  Frank  Gross, 
A.  Graef,  Adolph  Kraft,  Charles  Graef,  J.  C.  Tidden,  J.  H.  Lau  and  Fred.  Hornbostel.  The  first  club  rooms 
were  in  a  building  which  stood  on  the  northwest  corner  of  Clinton  street  and  Atlantic  avenue,  on  the  site 
now  occupied  by  the  Fougera  apartment  house.  When  its  needs  had  been  increased  by  gradual  accessions 
of  membership  the  organization  moved,  in  1865,  to  a  house  at  164  Atlantic  avenue.  The  club's  history  for 
the  next  twenty  years  was  one  of  peaceful  prosperity.  It  embraced,  by  degrees,  the  best  German  element 
in  Brooklyn  until  its  list  of  members  reached  the  limit  of  three  hundred.  In  18S8  a  movement  was  inaug- 
urated to  raise  funds  for  the  erection  of  a  new  club  house.  A  suitable  site  was  purchased  on  Schermerhorn 
street,  just  below  the  corner  of  Smith  street,  and  preparations  for  building  the  proposed  edifice  began  in  the 


SOCIAL   CLUBS    AND    SOCIAL    LIFE. 


86i 


early  part  of  1890.  The  opening  reception  was  held  in  October  of  the  same  year  and  on  that  occasion  Mayor 
Chapin  and  other  prominent  city  officials  were  present.  As  a  specimen  of  Romanesque  architecture  the 
building  IS  unsurpassed  by  any  other  structure  in  Brooklyn.  It  is  four  stories  in  height,  built  of  light' col- 
ored brick,  terra-cotta  and  brownstone.  The  front  on  Schermerhorn  street  is  ninety  feet  in  width  The 
basement  is  built  of  rough  hewn  brownstone.  A  flight  of  stone  steps,  converging  towards  the  top,  leads  to 
a  wide  arched  doorway,  supported  by  four  finely  carved  pillars  of  red  sandstone,  with  Corinthian  foliage  and 
floral  designs  in  terra-cotta.  To  the  right  of  the  entrance  the  building  is  flanked  by  a  huge  circular  tower, 
rising  from  the  basement  to  a  point  just  above  the  fourth  story,  where  it  terminates  in  a  conical  roof.  There 


Germania  Clui;  House,  .Schermerhorn  Street. 


are  four  rows  of  arched  and  mullioned  windows  in  the  tower,  with  panes  of  bent  glass.  On  the  opposite 
side  of  the  building,  between  the  first  and  second  stories,  a  wide  bay  window  projects  outward  for  some  dis- 
tance, its  roof  forming  a  balcony  of  considerable  dimensions,  enclosed  by  rails  of  dark  brownstone.  The 
features  of  this  window  are  two  panes  of  bent  glass,  eight  by  ten  feet  in  size,  which  are  said  to  be  the  largest 
of  their  kind  in  this  country.  Above  the  arch  of  the  doorway  four  pilasters,  faced  with  terra-cotta  flower 
and  basket  work,  and  capped  with  elaborately  carved  brownstone  copings,  extend  to  the  full  height  of  the 
building,  terminating  at  either  corner  of  the  gable.  At  every  suitable  space  on  the  front  of  the  club  house 
there  is  an  abundance  of  delicated  carvings  and  moulding,  while  each  of  the  windows  is  supported  on  sheaves 
of  slender  columns,  crowned  with  richly  foliated  capitals.  The  wide  and  massively  paneled  oak  doors  open 
into  a  vestibule,  which  leads  to  a  hallway  of  fair  proportions,  in  the  rear  of  which  rises  a  wide  staircase, 
with  newels  and  balustrades  of  white  oak.  To  the  left  of  the  stairway  is  the  main  reception  room,  an  apart- 
ment one  hundred  by  forty  feet  in  size,  with  a  vaulted  ceiling,  twenty-five  feet  high,  supported  on  a  double 
row  of  massive  Corinthian  columns.  On  the  opposite  side  of  the  hallway  is  the  ladies'  reception  room, 
library,  reading  and  writing  room,  with  servants'  apartments  in  the  rear.  In  the  basement  are  the  bowling 
alleys.  Between  the  first  and  second  stories  is  a  mezzanine  floor  with  a  large  reading  room,  private  apart- 
ments for  dinner  parties,  hat  and  cloak  rooms  and  a  cafe.  On  the  second  floor  the  grand  dining  hall,  with 
paneled  wainscoting  of  white  oak  and  a  high  vaulted  ceiling  with  groined  arches,  occupies  one  entire  side 
of  the  building.     The  other  apartments  on  this  floor  are  for  the  use  of  the  employees.     There   is  also 


862 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


in  this  Story  a  mezzanine  floor,  containing  the  superintendent's  office,  cloak,  dressing  and  bath  rooms.  The 
third  floor  is  occupied  by  ladies'  parlors,  waiting  and  toilet  rooms  and  an  extensive  kitchen.  The  fourth 
story  is  devoted  to  a  ball-room  and  theatre  having  an  auditorium  one  hundred  feet  long  and  sixty-four  feet 
wide  capable  of  seating  a  thousand  people.  A  gallery  encircles  this  entire  apartment,  which  has  a  stage 
twenty-eight  feet  deep,  and  si.vty  feet  wide  at  the  footlights.  The  theatre  has,  on  a  small  scale,  all  the 
accessory  apartments  usually  found  at  a  place  of  public  amusement.  Including  the  furnishing,  the  club 
house  co'st  $140,000.  It  was  erected  under  the  supervision  of  a  building  committee  headed  by  ex-Mayor 
Frederick  A  Sc'hroeder,  associated  in  his  work  with  Gustav  Schimmel,  Carl  Goepel,  P.  Lichtenstein,  H,  B. 


Brooklyn  Clue  House,  Pierrepont  and  Clinton  Streets. 

Scharmann,  Herman  Behr  and  C.  F.  Erhart.     The  ofhcers  of  the  club  are  :  C.  Kirchoff,  president ;  L.  Hein- 
sheim,  vice-president ;  U.  Palmedo,  treasurer  ;  Alfred  Lichtenstein,  secretary. 

BROOKLYN   CLUB. 

Toward  the  close  of  1864,  or  early  in  1865,  Dr.  A.  Cook  Hull,  a  prominent  homoeopathic  physician  in 
Brooklyn,  proposed  to  John  Winslow  that  they,  together  with  a  dozen  other  gentlemen,  should  rent  a  room 
in  some  suitable  building  on  the  heights  for  the  purpose  of  having  some  convenient  place  for  social  meet- 
ings. Mr.  Winslow  consented,  but  suggested  that  the  prospective  organization  widen  its  scope  and  embody 
as  nearly  as  possible  the  features  and  conveniences  of  a  regular  club.  On  April  24, 1865,  the  Brooklyn  Club 
began  its  corporate  existence.  The  five  signers  to  the  certificate  of  incorporation  were  :  Dr.  A.  Cook  Hull, 
Charles  J.  Lowrey,  E.  S.  Mills,  Geo.  W.  Parsons  and  John  Winslow.  At  that  time  the  club  had  about  fifty 
members.  Very  soon  after  it  became  legally  entitled  to  acquire  property  under  its  corporate  name  the 
Brooklyn  Club  purchased  a  brick  house  on  the  southeast  corner  of  Clinton  and  Pierrepont  streets,  the  site 
it  now  occupies.  The  building  was  originally  a  private  seminary  for  young  ladies  and  had  been  used  for 
that  purpose  only  a  short  time  prior  to  its  sale.  The  price  paid  was  about  $24,000.  From  time  to  time 
the  structure  was  improved  internally  and  externally.  In  December,  1883,  the  club  bought  for  $18,000  a 
commodious  brick  house,  at  138  Pierrepont  street,  adjoining  its  own  property,  and  for  a  time  rented  the  new 
acciuisition  at  a  figure  which  paid  the  expenses  attending  its  purchase.     Early  in  1S86  the  two  buildings 


SOCIAL  CLUBS   AND   SOCIAL   LIFE. 


%3 


were  practically  rebuilt  and  incorporated  as  one  structure,  presenting  as  they  do  now  a  handsome  front  of 
brick  and  brownstone,  about  sixty  feet  in  width  on  Pierrepont  street.  On  Clinton  street  the  house  has  a 
depth  of  one  hundred  feet.  During  twenty  of  the  most  important  years  of  its  history-from  1870  until 
1890— one  of  Brooklyn's  best  known  citizens  Benjamin  D.  Silliman,  was  president  of  the  club.  Under  his 
management  the  indebtedness  of  the  organization  was  practically  liquidated,  the  membership  increased  to 
the  full  limit,  and  the  club  brought  to  its  present  prosperous  condition.  During  the  early  portion  of 
this  period  the  Brooklyn  was  the  only  club  in  this  city,  until  the  Oxford,  and  later  the  Hamilton,  attained 
each  a  recognized  social  existence.     During  Mr.  Silliman's  presidency  there  were  many  prominent  events 


Union  League  Clue  House,  Bedford  Avenue  and  Dean  Street. 

in  the  history  of  the  organization.  At  different  times  it  publicly  entertained  the  Duke  of  Connaught,  the 
Grand  Duke  Alexis  of  Russia,  Admiral  Farragut,  General  Sherman,  General  Grant,  Henry  M.  Stanley,  John 
Tyndall,  and  many  other  men  of  note.  Since  1885  its  membership  has  been  kept  at  the  constitutional 
limit  of  three  hundred,  and  this  small  number  renders  it  one  of  the  most  exclusive  of  such  institutions. 
David  M.  Stone  succeeded  Mr.  Silliman  as  president  and  remained  in  office  one  term.  The  present  offi- 
cials of  the  club  are:  Benjamin  F.  Tracy,  president;  Henry  D.  Polhemus,  vice-president;  William  D. 
Steele,  secretary ;  and  H.  C.  Duval,  treasurer. 


UNION   LEAGUE  CLUB. 

Among  the  social  clubs  of  Brooklyn  the  Union  League  is  numerically  the  largest,  and  as  a  political 
factor  it  is  more  influential  than  any  other,  besides  being  one  of  the  foremost  in  social  standing.  The  club 
is  an  outgrowth  of  the  Twenty-third  Ward  Social  Republican  Club,  an  institution  which  began  its  existence 
in  Thayer's  Hall,  corner  of  Bedford  avenue  and  Fulton  street,  in  March,  1887,  with  a  membership  of  less 
than  twenty.  Most  of  those  interested  in  its  success  were  business  men  who  had  only  now  and  then  an 
evening  to  give  to  politics,  and  who  met  to  discuss  plans  for  the  promotion  of  the  interests  of  Repub- 
licanism in  this  city.  Arlington  Hall,  at  Gates  and  Nostrand  avenues,  was  secured  as  a  place  of  rendez- 
vous, and  on  February  11,  1888,  the  constitution  was  amended  and  the  name  of  Union  League  Club  was 
adopted.     On  March  16,  1888,  the  members  incorporated  their  organization  under  the  title  of  "The  Union 


864  THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 

League  Club  of  Brooklyn  ;"  at  that  time  less  than  seventy  names  had  been  placed  upon  the  roster.  The 
incorporators,  who  comprised  the  executive  committee,  were  :  Francis  H.  Wilson,  president ;  John  W.  Hussey 
and  Devine  M.  Hunger,  vice-presidents ;  John  S.  Nugent,  treasurer ;  John  T.  Sackett  and  Frank  R.  Moore, 
secretaries.  James  O.  Bedell  was  the  first  president  of  the  club,  with  Howard  M.  Smith  and  Henry  M. 
Calvert  as  vice-presidents.  John  S.  Nugent  was  the  treasurer  and  Devine  M.  Munger  was  secretary.  The 
object  of  the  club,  as  set  forth  in  the  preamble  to  its  constitution,  is  :  "To  promote  social  intercourse;  to 
advance  the  cause  of  good  government  by  awaking  a  political  interest  in  citizens  ;  to  overcome  existing 
indifference  in  the  discharge  of  political  duties  and  to  perform  such  other  work  as  may  best  conserve  the 
welfare  of  the  Republican  party."  In  the  spring  of  1889  the  club  removed  to  Hancock  Hall,  on  Bedford 
avenue,  near  Fulton  street,  where  it  remained  until  it  took  possession  of  the  building  now  occupied.  The 
corner-stone  of  its  present  club  house  was  laid  in  October,  1889,  and  the  winter  of  1890-91  saw  the  comple- 
tion of  the  structure.  It  is  built  in  a  modified  Romanesque  style  and  occupies  a  plot  of  ground  with  a 
frontage  of  one  hundred  and  twenty  feet  on  Bedford  avenue  and  one  hundred  and  fifteen  feet  on  Dean 
street.  The  building  has  a  frontage  of  ninety-four  feet  on  Bedford  avenue  and  sixty-one  feet  on  Dean 
street.  It  contains  four  stories  and  an  attic,  resting  on  a  basement  of  rock  granite.  The  first  three  stories 
are  constructed  of  cinnamon  colored  brick  with  heavy  brownstone  trimmings,  and  above  that  brick  and 
terra  cotta  are  used  ;  the  roof  is  covered  with  Spanish  tiles.  The  main  entrance,  on  Bedford  avenue,  is 
massive  and  imposing,  with  huge  rounded  arches,  and  heavy  balustrades  and  columns,  relieved  by  elaborate 
carving;  medallion  portraits  of  Grant  and  Lincoln,  typifying  the  military  and  civil  powers  of  the  Republi- 
can party,  look  down  from  the  spandrels  at  either  side  of  the  centre  arch.  At  the  Dean  street  corner  a 
projecting  tower,  octagonal  in  shape,  rises  from  the  basement  to  a  point  high  above  the  roof,  where  it 
tapers  into  a  cone  which  is  topped  by  a  flagstaff.  On  the  opposite  front  a  series  of  bay  windows,  beginning 
at  the  second  story  and  ending  at  the  attic,  are  crowned  by  a  copper  casting  of  a  gigantic  eagle  with  out- 
stretched wings.  The  lowest  of  these  windows  rests  on  another  eagle,  carved  in  stone  and  perched  upon 
an  American  shield.  These  are  merely  salient  features  in  the  external  architecture  ;  and  no  amount  of 
minutise  in  description  would  afford  an  adequate  idea  of  the  appearance  of  well-balanced  solidity  and  grace- 
fulness presented  by  the  building.  The  interior  is  panelled  in  choice  woods  with  light  and  dark  finish  ; 
there  are  elaborate  carvings,  marble  and  tiled  hallways,  magnificent  mirrors,  stained  glass  windows,  and 
frescoes  of  attractive  design  and  coloring.  Opening  into  the  main  hallway  are  the  reception  rooms, 
assembly  room,  ladies'  parlor  and  office,  while  a  magnificent  winding  staircase  and  elevators  lead  to  the 
other  floors  which  are  devoted  to  billiard  rooms,  library,  card  rooms,  banqueting  hall,  private  dining  rooms 
and  committee  rooms,  gymnasium,  baths,  cloak  rooms,  bachelor  apartments  and  employees'  quarters.  In 
the  basement  are  well  arranged  bowling  alleys.  The  building  is  lighted  by  electricity  from  the  club's  own 
electric  plant,  consisting  of  two  engines  and  two  dynamos  capable  of  furnishing  eight  hundred  incandes- 
cent lights.  The  cost  of  the  building,  including  the  site  and  furniture,  was  $215,000,  and  the  money  was 
raised  by  paying  $40,000  out  of  the  treasury  surplus,  and  issuing  bonds  to  the  amount  of  $175,000,  which 
were  all  taken  by  the  members  of  the  club.  An  equestrian  statue  of  General  Ulysses  S.  Grant  is  now  in 
the  hands  of  William  Ordway  Partridge,  the  sculptor,  at  his  Parisian  studio,  and  when  completed  it  will  be 
placed  in  front  of  the  club  house.  The  statue  is  to  cost  $30,000,  and  is  to  be  of  the  same  size  as  that  of 
Washington  in  Union  Square,  New  York.  The  Union  League  Club  stands  unrivaled  for  stability  and  rapid 
growth.  In  less  than  two  years  from  the  time  of  its  incorporation  the  club  had  increased  in  numbers  from 
less  than  seventy  to  about  nine  hundred,  and  at  present  it  has  over  a  thousand  members.  It  exerts  a  pecu- 
liar influence  over  the  entire  field  of  Republican  politics  in  this  city,  because  those  connected  with  it  are, 
for  the  most  part,  men  whose  private  characters  are  known  to  all.  Representatives  of  every  profession  are 
enrolled  on  its  books,  including  several  clergymen.  Despite  the  fact  that  it  is  essentially  a  political  club, 
no  member  of  it  can  receive  the  club's  indorsement,  in  its  corporate  capacity,  for  any  public  office  to  which 
he  may  aspire.  Francis  H.  Wilson  was  elected  president  in  March,  1888,  and  continued  in  that  office  until 
March,  1892.  At  the  annual  election  of  officers  of  the  club  in  March,  1892,  Howard  M.  Smith  was  chosen 
president;  Benjamin  F.  Blair,  first  vice-president;  Charles  H.  Russell,  second  vice-president;  Clarence  D. 
Heaton,  treasurer;  Herbert  S.  Ogden,  recording  secretary  ;  Frederick  J.  Middlebrook,  corresponding  secre- 
tary. The  executive  committee,  which  has  power  to  make  all  rules  and  regulations  necessary  to  carry  into 
effect  the  purposes  of  the  club,  was  then  constituted  as  follows  :  John  S.  Nugent,  Jacob  G.  Dettmar.  Clarence 
W.  Seamans,  Henry  S.  Hayes,  Jacob  D.  Ackerman,  Frederick  C.  Truslow,  Daniel  G.  Harriman,  William  W. 
Heaton,  Andrew  B.  Rogers,  Benjamin  Estes,  John  W.  Hussey,  Aaron  G.  Perham,  Andrew  D.  Baird,  Charles 
B.  Hobbs,  Guernsey  Sackett,  John  O.  McKean,  William  O.  Wyckoff  and  Frank  H.  Weed.  As  this  volume 
goes  to  press  Charles  S.  Whitney  becomes  president  of  the  club. 

Howard  M.  Smith  is  well  known  in  the  city  as  a  financier  and  as  an  ardent  champion  of  Republican 
principles.  He  is  vice-president  and  cashier  of  the  Bedford  Bank  ;  vice-president  of  the  Brooklyn  Real 
Estate  Exchange,  which  he  aided  materially  in  organizing;  trustee  in  the  People's  Trust  Company  ;  and 


SOCIAL   CLUBS    AND    SOCIAL    LIFE. 


865 


director  in  the  Brooklyn  Heights  Railroad  Company.  He  was  born  near  the  town  of  De  Witt,  Onondaga 
County,  N.  Y.,  in  1841.  His  parents  lived  on  a  farm,  and  educated  their  son  at  the  common  schools  until 
he  was  old  enough  to  enter  upon  a  course  of  higher  study,  when  he  passed  through  the  Polytechnic  Insti- 
tute in  Chittenango,  and  the  seminary  at  Cazenovia.  During  the  civil  war  he  served  with  credit  ;  most  of 
the  time  as  a  staff  officer,  with  the  184th  Infantry  and  the  6th  New  York  Cavalry.  He  has  been  twenty- 
two  years  a  resident  of  this  city  and  has  displayed  an  active  interest  in  local  political  affairs.     In  company 


Howard  M.  Smith. 

with  William  Ziegler  he  conducted  a  number  of  extensive  speculative  dealings  in  the  real  estate  field  about 
fifteen  years  ago,  but  his  present  activity  in  this  direction  is  confined  solely  to  purchases  for  investment. 
His  time  and  attention  are  mainly  occupied  by  the  affairs  of  the  financial  institution  of  which  he  is  cashier. 
When  a  boy  he  attended  the  first  Republican  state  convention  in  company  with  his  father,  who  was  one  of 
the  delegates ;  and  his  experience  and  impressions  on  this  occasion  were  in  no  small  measure  responsible 
for  his  unswerving  loyalty  in  after  life  to  the  principles  of  his  party.  His  connection  with  the  Union 
League  Club  has  been  that  of  an  active  worker  since  its  organization.  He  has  done  much  to  promote  its 
interests  in  every  way,  and  until  his  election  as  president  in  1892  had  always  served  on  the  executive  com- 
mittee or  held  the  office  of  chairman  of  the  house  committee.  He  is  one  of  the  trustees  for  the  holders  of 
the  club  bonds.  His  military  career  has  entitled  him  to  an  honorable  position  on  the  rolls  of  the  Loyal 
Legion,  of  which  he  has  been  a  member  several  years. 

Clarence  D.  Heaton  was  born  in  Liberty  street,  New  York,  on  December  26,  1840;  and  five  years 
later  came  to  Brooklyn.  He  was  graduated  from  the  Polytechnic  Institute  in  1857.  After  leaving  school 
he  occupied  a  clerical  position  in  a  provision  house  in  New  York,  and  when  he  had  been  there  for  two  years 
he  accepted  a  place  with  the  Irving  Savings  Institution,  New  York.  For  seventeen  years  he  filled  various 
positions  of  a  subordinate  character  and  won  promotions  until,  in  1876,  he  became  secretary  of  the  institu- 
tion, and  occupied  this  place  until  1890.  At  the  election  held  that  year  he  was  chosen  president.  Among 
bankers  he  is  credited  with  exercising  a  most  discreet  judgment  and  he  is  thoroughly  informed  on  all 
matters  pertaining  to  the  interests  of  the  institution  with  which  he  is  connected.  For  twenty-five  years  he 
has  been  a  member  of  the  Long  Island  Historical  Society  and  of  the  Long  Island  Council,  Royal  Arcanum, 
and  he  is  treasurer  of  the  Union  League  Club.  He  is  married  and  has  two  sons,  both  of  whom  are  engaged 
in  the  banking  business.  For  more  than  eighteen  years  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  Lafayette  Avenue 
Presbyterian  Church. 

Francis  H.  Wilson  is  one  of  the  earnest  men  to  whom  the  Union  League  Club  is  indebted  for  its 
present  magnificent  condition.  His  presidency  began  when  the  club  was  in  its  infancy,  and  when  there 
were  few  who  would  prophesy  for  it  a  future  rivaling,  in  a  great  measure,  that  of  its  namesake  in  New  York. 


866 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


He  continued  at  the  head  of  affairs  until  the  institu- 
tion was  established  upon  a  sure  foundation  and  then 
resigned  office.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the 
club  and  has  been  an  active  spirit  in  it  from  the 
beginning  ;  no  club  ever  had  a  president  more  gener- 
ally liked  and  respected.  On  his  formal  retirement 
from  office  on  the  evening  of  March  3,  1892,  he  said 
in  his  address  :  "  It  has  never  been  the  policy  of  this 
club  to  live  in  the  past.  It  has  always  faced  the 
future" — and  with  this  sentiment,  the  keynote  of  his 
policy  in  the  management  of  the  institution's  affairs, 
he  handed  the  reins  of  authority  to  his  successor.  He 
was  born  in  Oneida  County,  N.  Y.,  on  February  11, 
1844,  and  lived  in  the  city  of  Utica  until  he  reached 
the  age  of  eleven ;  for  the  next  eight  years  he  worked 
on  his  father's  farm,  four  and  a  half  miles  from  the 
village  of  Clinton.  At  intervals,  during  the  winter, 
he  attended  the  district  school.  In  the  autumn  of  i860 
he  entered  the  preparatory  school  of  Dr.  Benjamin  W. 
Dwight  at  Clinton.  While  a  pupil  in  that  institution 
he  displayed  that  persistency  and  determination  to 
succeed  which  has  always  been  one  of  his  most  pro- 
nounced characteristics  and  to  which  must  be  credited 
many  of  his  later  triumphs.  His  education  cost  him 
a  daily  walk  of  nine  miles  to  and  from  his  home,  but 
his  punctuality  was  never  interrupted  save  once,  when 
the  death  of  an  elder  brother,  a  soldier  in  the  Union  army,  necessitated  his  absence  from  school  for  a  week. 
In  the  summer  of  1863  he  was  graduated  at  the  head  of  his  class.  He  entered  Yale  College  in  the  fol- 
lowing September  and  took  his  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts  with  the  class  of  '67.  During  the  ne.xt  four 
years  he  was  associated  with  a  brother  as  principal  of  a  successful  preparatory  school  at  Rochester.  In 
1S72  he  came  to  New  York  and  studied  law  at  Columbia  College.  After  graduation  he  began  practice  in 
the  office  of  the  Hon.  Enoch  L.  Fancher,  where  he  remained  two  years.  He  then  opened  an  office  of  his 
own   in    New  York.     In   September,    18S4,   he  moved 

to  Brooklyn.     He  has  been  prominent  in  Republican        -  ~^B 

politics.  .  ^^ 

Clarence  W.  Seamans  was  one  of  the  first  mem- 
bers of  the  Union  League,  and  when  it  took  possession 
of  its  new  home  he  was  made  chairman  of  the  house 
committee.  He  was  born  at  Ilion,  N.  Y.,  on  June  5, 
1854.  Educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
town  he  entered,  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  the  employ  of 
the  Remington  Arms  Company  as  an  office  boy,  and 
rose  to  the  responsibilities  of  a  clerskhip.  He  was 
sent  to  Utah  in  1875  as  the  representative  of  the  Rem- 
ingtons to  manage  large  timber  and  mining  interests, 
and  remained  there  until  1878,  when  he  returned  to 
New  York  to  become  manager  for  the  Fairbanks  Com- 
pany, which  had  the  general  agency  for  all  the  type- 
writing machines  manufactured  by  the  Remingtons  at 
In  1880  the  Remington  Company  brought  the 


Francis  H.  V/ilsdn. 


Ilion. 


New  York  agency  under  its  own  control  and  retained 
Mr.  Seamans  as  manager  ;  two  years  later  the  business 
passed  into  the  hands  of  Wyckoff,  Seamans  &  Bene- 
dict, in  which  firm  Mr.  Seamans  held  a  one-third 
interest.  It  owns  and  operates  the  Remington  plant 
at  Ilion.  Mr.  Seamans  moved  to  Brooklyn  in  1879, 
and  afterwards  became  prominent  in  the  evolution 
of  the  Union  League  Club,  in  which  he  is  now  one  of 
the  executive  committee.     He  is  a  member  of  the  New 


Clarence  W.  Seamans. 


SOCIAL   CLUBS    AND    SOCIAL    LIFE. 


867 


York  Avenue  M.  E,  Church.  His  philanthropic  incli- 
nations prompted  him  to  present  to  his  native  town  a 
free  public  library  and  a  building  admirably  adapted  to 
the  purpose  for  which  it  was  designed  ;  it  was  given 
without  any  conditions  other  than  that  it  should  be 
open  six  days  during  every  week  and  that  a  suitable 
person  should  be  secured  as  librarian. 

James  Oliver  Bedell  was  one  of  the  seven  found- 
ers and  the  first  president  of  the  Union  League.  For 
the  past  eight  years  he  has  been  at  the  head  of  one  of 
the  most  important  departments  in  the  drygoods  estab- 
lishment of  the  H.  B.  Claflin  Company,  and  during  that 
period  has  frequently  visited  the  markets  of  the  old 
world,  where  his  discrimination  and  experience  made 
him  invaluable  as  a  buyer.  Immediately  prior  to  the 
commencement  of  his  association  with  the  H.  B.  Claflin 
Company,  he  was  employed  some  years  as  a  buyer  in 
the  interest  of  a  large  drygoods  jobbing  firm  in  New 
York.  His  duties  in  this  capacity  demanded  a  semi- 
annual journey  to  Europe  and  thus  was  begun  a 
remarkable  record  of  eighty  voyages  across  the 
Atlantic.  These  ocean  experiences  are  embodied  in 
many  pleasant  personal  recollections,  interspersed  with 
memories  of  accidents,  such  as  the  collision  of  the 
Guion  liner  "Arizona"  with  an  iceberg  off  the  Grand 
James  o.  Bedell.  2^^.^,.^  ^^  Newfoundland.  He  was  born  at  Keyport, 
Monmouth  County,  N.  J.,  in  1836,  and  received  a  common  school  education  in  his  native  town  ;  at  the  age 
of  sixteen  he  completed  an  academic  course  at  Charlotteville,  Schoharie  County,  N.  Y.  He  began  his  mer- 
cantUe  career  as  a  clerk  in  a  general  country  store  in  New  Jersey  whence,  after  two  years'  experience,  he 
came  to  New  York  and  became  a  clerk  in  the  drygoods  business  until  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war. 
Receiving  from  the  governor  of  his  native  state  a  commission  to  recruit,  he  performed  the  duty  satisfactorily, 
and  in  1862  accepted  a  second  lieutenancy  in  Company  E,  J4th  Regiment,  N.  J.  Volunteers.  After  serving 
nearly  two  years  he  was  honorably  discharged  on  a  sur- 
geon's certificate  of  disability.     He  resumed  business        e.-   ■-. -^--r^-^-,f^,,^«'v^,tv,s-.'-r---''--:w.^--r,m~.-^,~,„i:~,--  ,;,-.. ,:, ~.~,-^. 

after  the  complete  restoration  of  his  health.  In  1877 
he  became  a  resident  of  Brooklyn  and  for  twelve 
years  has  been  a  prominent  figure  in  the  social  and 
political  life  of  the  twenty-third  ward.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  Erastus  T.  Tefft  Post,  G.  A.  R. 

John  S.  Nugent,  who  was  treasurer  of  the  club 
from  its  organization  until  March,  1892,  made  an  envi- 
able record  by  the  marked  ability  with  which  he  man- 
aged its  finances  during  that  long  term  of  service.  He 
was  born  in  the  Province  of  Ontario,  Canada,  on 
August  II,  1850.  From  the  age  of  two  years  until  he 
was  sixteen  he  lived  on  his  father's  farm  near  Lon- 
don, Ontario  ;  he  attended  the  village  school  in  winter, 
and  worked  on  the  farm  during  the  rest  of  the  year. 
When  he  was  sixteen  years  old,  he  was  sent  to  Vic- 
toria College  for  two  terms,  and  then  came  to  New 
York  and  obtained  a  situation  as  clerk  in  Lord  & 
Taylor's  store  on  Grand  street.  At  the  end  of  a  year 
he  accepted  the  position  of  book-keeper  in  a  house 
engaged  in  the  paper  business.  He  was  soon  advanced 
to  the  position  of  salesman,  which  position  he  held  until 
March  i,  1876,  when  he  went  into  the  paper  business  as 
a  member  of  the  firm  of  Nugent  &  Steves.  The  firm 
was  prosperous  from  the  outset,  and  on  January  i,  1883, 
Mr.  Nugent  bought  out  the  interest  of  his  partner,  Mr. 


John  S.  Nugent. 


g(53  THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 

Steves  and  with  Tolui  F.  Romig  formed  the  firm  of  J.  S.  Nugent  &  Co.  In  August,  1891,113  interests  were 
sold  to  the  National  Folding  Box  &  Paper  Co.,  of  which  company  Mr.  Nugent  became  secretary,  and  chair- 
man of  the  executive  committee  of  its  board  of  directors.  He  is  a  member  of  the  executive  committee  of 
the  club,  and  has  always  taken  a  deep  and  effective  interest  in  its  welfare. 

John  W.  Hussf.y  in  performing  the  arduous  and  important  task  of  superintending  the  erection  of  the 
club  house  earned  for  himself  the  gratitude  not  only  of  his  associates  in  the  organization  but  also  of  every 
man  whose  local  pride  caused  him  to  appreciate  anything  that  beautifies  the  city  where  he  lives.  He  is 
one  of  the  charter  members  of  the  organization  and  has  always  been  active  in  everything  calculated  to 
promote  its  welfare  ;  he  was  the  first  to  hold  the  office  of  vice-president  and  served  in  that  capacity  three 
years;  in  1891  he  was  unanimously  elected  for  a  like  term  as  a  member  of  the  executive  committee.  He 
was  born  at  Rochester,  N.  H.,  on  July  19,  1835,  and  is  a  graduate  of  Limerick  Academy  in  Maine.  When 
he  reached  the  age  of  sixteen  he  began  to  learn  the  trade  of  a  machinist  at  South  Newmarket,  N.  H.,  and 
made  a  specialty  of  constructing  engines,  locomotives  and  sugar  machines.  In  i860  he  went  to  the  West 
Indies  and  spent  the  succeeding  three  years  in  selling  and  operating  machines  for  use  in  the  sugar  trade; 
subsequently  he  employed  himself  in  erecting  and  operating  rubber  and  paper  factories  in  New  Jersey.  In 
1S76  he  moved  to  Brooklyn  and  became  a  member  and  director  of  the  White,  Potter  Si  Paige  Manufacturing 
Company,  taking  charge  of  its  lumber  and  fancy  cabinet  wood  interests.  In  1892  he  withdrew  from  the 
company  and  established  a  wholesale  lumber  business  in  New  York. 

Devine  M.  Munger  is  another  of  the  men  whose  energy  assisted  the  development  of  the  club,  and  his 
services  as  secretary  of  the  building  committee,  under  the  direction  of  which  the  new  club  house  was  completed, 
have  been  gratefully  appreciated  by  his  fellow  members  in  the  organization.  He  was  born  in  New  York 
and  was  educated  in  the  ninth  ward  at  public  school  No.  3.  At  an  early  age  he  began  to  learn  the  trade  of 
a  stereotyper,  but  engaged  later  in  the  transportation  business,  which  he  followed  during  the  next  fourteen 
years,  eventually  attaining  the  position  of  manager.  Then  he  interested  himself  in  building  transactions 
and  speculated  to  a  considerable  extent  in  real  estate.  When  the  Union  League  Club  was  instituted  he 
was  chosen  secretary ;  he  occupied  this  position  from  March,  1887,  until  March,  1888,  and,  in  conjunction 
with  J.  O.  Bedell,  then  president  of  the  club,  practically  devoted  all  his  leisure  time  to  the  service  of  the 
organization.  Upon  resigning  the  office  of  secretary  he  was  elected  second  vice-president,  a  position  which 
he  held  until  1S92. 

WiLLi.-\M  M.  Adams  is  a  life  insurance  manager  and  was  formerly  a  teacher.  He  was  born  in  New 
York  city  on  August  20,  1838,  and  on  both  sides  of  his  parentage  he  traces  his  ancestry  to  the  Puritan 
settlers  of  New  England  ;  his  great-grandfather  on  the  maternal  side  died  on  the  "Jersey"  prison  ship  in 
Wallabout  Bay.  Mr.  Adams  was  graduated  at  the  Free  Academy  (now  the  College  of  the  City  of  New 
York)  in  1855,  from  which  institution  he  afterwards  received  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts.  He  first  turned 
his  attention  to  school  teaching  and  soon  became  vice-principal  of  a  New  York  school,  but  left  that  profes- 
sion to  devote  himself  to  mercantile  life.  In  1866  he  moved  to  Brooklyn 
and  took  charge  of  school  No.  15.  In  1869  he  was  chosen  assistant 
superintendent  of  the  Brooklyn  public  schools,  but  declined  the  appoint- 
ment and  took  charge  of  one  of  the  departments  of  the  New  York  Life 
Insurance  Company,  with  which  corporation  he  remains.  In  1S60  he 
married  Miss  Ellen  H.  Franklin,  of  Hoboken,  N.  J.  In  1856  he  joined 
the  Sixteenth  Street  Baptist  Church,  of  New  York  city,  where  he  had  at- 
tended from  boyhood;  on  coming  to  Brooklyn  he  made  his  home  in  the 
twentieth  ward  and  connected  himself  with  the  Washington  Avenue  Bap- 
tist Church,  of  which  he  acted  as  the  Sunday-school  superintendent  four 
years,  and  afterwards  became  a  deacon.  In  1888  he  removed  to  the 
twenty-third  ward  and  transferred  his  membership  to  the  Marcy  Avenue 
liaptist  Church  of  which  he  is  an  active  member. 

Captain  William  H.  Thompson  was  born  at  St.  Stephen,  N.  B.,  on 
May  13,  1S40,  and  was  a  grandson  of  James  Brown,  who  was  a  member 
of  the  Provincial  Parliament  of  New  Brunswick  thirty-six  years.     After 

attending  school  until  he  was  seventeen  years   old,  he  went  one  day  to 
William  M.  Adams.  ^  ■      ,  ,  11  ■    ,       .         .       ,    ,  .  .   ,  ,      . 

see  a  ship-launch,  and  the  sight  inspired  him  with  a  desire  to  go  to  sea. 

Accordingly  he  shipped  on  board  the  "  Constitution,"  remaining  on  board  that  ship  until  she  was  lost, 

three  years  later,  at  San  Salvador,  on  the  very  point  where  Columbus  landed.     He  shipped  as  a  boy,  and  in 

the  later  half  of  his  time  on  board  he  was  made  successively  third,  second,  and  chief  officer.     After  serving 

as  mate  on  several  vessels  he  took  command  of  the  clipper  ship  "  Hypatia,"  an  American  vessel  which  was 

sold  to  English  owners,  and  upon  which,  under  the  English  flag,  he  sailed  in  the  East  India  trade  from 

Liverpool.     In  1866  he  was  transferred  to  the  "  Andromeda,"  the  largest  sailing  vessel  of  her  day;  she  was 


SOCIAL   CLUBS    AND    SOCIAL   LIFE. 


869 


built  for  the  Confederate  service  and  was  named  the 
"Shenandoah,"  but  the  British  Government  refused  to 
allow  her  to  sail  from  a  British  port  on  her  intended 
mission,  and  so  she  was  sold  for  mercantile  purposes  ; 
he  commanded  her  until  1870,  when  he  became  super- 
intendent of  the  building  of  the  White  Star  Line  of 
steamers.  In  1871  he  took  command  of  the  steamer 
"  Oceanic,"  from  which  he  was  transferred  to  the 
"Republic"  in  1872,  and  sent  out  to  open  the  line  to 
all  the  Pacific  ports  of  South  America,  in  which  under- 
taking he  succeeded.  After  his  return  he  commanded 
the  steamer  "Celtic,"  and  then  the  "  Britannic,"  taking 
command  of  each  new  ship  added  to  the  line  by  virtue 
of  his  rank  of  commodore.  He  was  at  this  time  the 
only  officer  displaying  the  flag  of  the  Royal  Naval 
Reserve  sailing  to  New  York,  and  he  held  a  commis- 
sion in  that  branch  of  the  service.  In  this  capacity 
he  had  the  honor  of  presentation  at  the  court  of  St.  J 
James  in  1878.  He  was  the  recipient  of  a  gold  watch 
presented  by  the  president  of  the  United  States,  and 
of  a  gold  medal  from  the  Shipwreck  and  Humane 
Society,  for  saving  the  crew  of  the  American  ship 
"Mountain  Eagle,"  in  January,  1872  ;  and  he  received 
a  silver  service  and  two  silver  cups  from  passengers 
on  the  "  Britannic "  for  making  the  quickest  trip 
across  the  Atlantic.     In  1864  he  invented  an  instru-  William  h.  Thompson. 

ment  for  observing  the  stars,  enabling  the  mariner  to  find  his  position  at  night  almost  as  well  as  by  day, 
and  in  1872  he  invented  a  method  of  extinguishing  fires  on  board  ship,  and  was  granted  royal  letters  patent, 
the  AVhite  Star  and  other  lines  adopting  it  at  once  ;  in  1882,  all  the  great  steamship  lines  carrying  passen- 
gers from  America  were  obliged  by  a  special  act  of  Congress  to  adopt  it.  He  resigned  from  the  White 
Star  Line  in  1878  to  organize  a  line  for  the  New  York  Central  Railroad  Company,  but  the  enterprise  was 
not  carried  out.  In  1879  he  engaged  in  the  shipping  and  commission  business  in  New  York,  and  in  1881  he 
organized  the  Anglo-American  Dry  Dock  Company,  and  built  two  dry  docks  at  Erie  Basin,  Brooklyn.  He 
was  president  of  the  company  two  years,  when  he  resigned,  though  he  is  still  a  shareholder  in  the  company. 
He  remained  in  the  shipping  business  until  1886,  when  he  accepted  a  position  with  the  Equitable  Life 
Assurance  Society,  of  New  York,  eventually  becoming  manager  of  the  metropolitan  district,  which  position 
he  retains.     In  1891  he  was  elected  to  membership  in  the  New  York  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

Hugh  M.  Funston  is  a  representative  business  man  whose  home  has  been  in  Brooklyn  for  many  years 
and  whose  career  is  an  exemplification  of  the  indomitable  spirit  which  animates  the  American  man  of 
affairs.  When  he  was  sixteen  years  old  he  came  to  New  York  and  soon  after  became  a  clerk  with  a  fire- 
works manufacturing  firm  in  New  York  city.  Nine  years  later,  in  1857,  he  was  the  head  of  the  firm  into 
whose  employ  he  had  entered  as  a  lad,  the  firm  being  Funston  &  Schofield,  and  under  his  energetic  man- 
agement it  prospered  so  greatly  that  in  a  few  years  he  was  able  to  retire  with  a  considerable  fortune. 
Settling  in  Rockland  County  he  invested  largely  in  real  estate  at  Spring  Valley,  where  he  made  his  home. 
While  living  there  he  built  a  fine  academy  at  a  cost  of  $14,000,  furnished  it  completely,  hired  an  efficient 
corps  of  teachers  and  kept  it  in  operation  for  the  benefit  of  the  community.  A  serious  depreciation  in  the 
value  of  real  estate  which  occurred  several  years  later  impaired  his  fortune  to  such  an  extent  that  he 
accepted  an  invitation  from  his  successors  in  the  fireworks  business  to  take  an  interest  in  the  enterprise, 
and  at  the  present  time  he  is  largely  interested  in  the  Consolidated  Fireworks  Company  of  America.  He 
was  born  on  August  19,  1833,  and  is  a  direct  descendant  on  his  mother's  side  from  one  of  the  Huguenot 
families  who  fled  from  France  after  the  revocation  of  the  edict  of  Nantes.  When  he  was  a  child  his  parents 
removed  with  him  to  Greenwich,  Conn.,  where  he  remained  until  he  was  sixteen  years  old,  receiving  his  edu- 
cation first  at  the  common  schools  and  subsequently  at  what  was  known  as  the  Greenwich  Academy.  A 
little  more  than  thirty-six  years  ago  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  Company  A,  7th  Regiment,  N.  Y.  S.  M.,  in 
which  he  was  rapidly  promoted  through  the  different  grades  of  non-commissioned  officers  to  that  of  first 
lieutenant.  He  remained  in  active  service  until  he  removed  from  New  York  and  took  up  his  residence  in 
Brooklyn.  During  his  connection  with  the  7th  Regiment  he  was  present  at  the  famous  "Dead  Rabbit 
Riots,"  also  the  "Sepoy,  or  Quarantine  Riots."  In  April,  1861,  he  went  with  his  regiment  to  Washington, 
and  again    in    the    following  year.     In   1863,  when  Pennsylvania   was  threatened    with    invasion    by   the 


g^Q  THE    EAGLE   AND    BROOKLYN. 

Confederates,  he  marched  with  his  regiment  to  the  defence.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Veteran  Association 
of  the  7th  Regiment,  and  has  always  been  active  in  advancing  the  interests  of  that  organization.  In  May, 
1887,  he  was  mustered  into  Lafayette  Post,  G.  A.  R.  He  became  a  Freemason  in  1864,  joining  Varick 
Lodge  of  Jersey  City  ;  he  has  since  attained  a  high  rank  in  the  order,  and  is  looked  upon  as  a  practical 


Hugh  m.  Funston. 

exponent  of  its  principles  in  every  respect.  He  is  a  member  and  trustee  of  the  Sixth  Avenue  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  and  is  one  of  a  committee  of  three  for  the  building  of  the  new  edifice  on  Seventh  avenue. 
He  married  Miss  Anna  D.  Dickinson,  daughter  of  Dr.  Dickinson,  of  Brooklyn,  in  1853. 

Jacob  D.  Ackerman  was  one  of  the  early  members  of  the  club  and  has  served  since  March,  1892,  as 
one  of  the  executive  committee.  He  was  one  of  the  finance  committee  during  the  building  of  the  new  club 
house.  Born  in  Bergen  County,  N.  J.,  he  attended  the  public  schools  in  New  York,  and  was  graduated  at 
the  Collegiate  School  of  the  Reformed  Church.  After  being  nine  months  a  clerk  at  Hoboken,  N.  J.,  he 
engaged  himself  to  drive  a  cart  in  New  York  city,  where  in  four  years  he  saved  enough  to  buy  a  horse 
and  cart  of  his  own  and  continued  in  the  same  line  of  work  on  his  own  account.  Eventually  he  drifted  into 
the  forwarding  business  in  connection  with  the  New  Bedford  steamers.  From  that  line  he  went  to  the 
Fall  River  Line  as  forwarding  agent,  which  position  he  retains.  He  became  a  resident  of  Brooklyn  in 
1863  and  has  lived  here  ever  since.     He  is  a  past  regent  of  the  New  York  Council,  Royal  Arcanum. 

Daniel  G.  Harkiman,  who  has  been  chairman  of  the  executive  committee  since  the  organization  of 
the  club,  was  born  at  New  Sharon  in  Franklin  County,  Me.,  and  after  preparing  for  college  at  Kent's  Hill, 
was  graduated  at  Wesleyan  University  at  Middletown,  Conn.  He  was  a  member  of  the  first  convention 
that  adopted  the  title  of  "The  Republican  Party."  This  convention  met  in  the  village  of  Strong,  Franklin 
County,  Me.,  on  August  7,  1854.  Mr.  Harriman  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Cumberland  County,  Me.,  in 
1867.  A  year  later  he  moved  from  his  native  state  to  New  York  and  became  a  resident  of  Brooklyn. 
Liimediately  upon  his  arrival  here  he  was  admitted  to  practice  by  the  general  term  at  Newburgh,  and  for 
several  years  occupied  an  office  in  Brooklyn  with  George  G.  Reynolds.  In  1874  he  transferred  his  office  to 
New  York  and  has  since  continued  as  a  practitioner  in  that  city.  He  has  always  been  a  strong  exponent 
of  practical  party  loyalty,  has  served  on  the  executive  committee  of  the  Brooklyn  Young  Republican  Club 
several  years,  and  has  delivered  many  speeches  in  this  city,  and  elsewhere  in  favor  of  his  party's  candidates. 


SOCIAL   CLUBS    AND   SOCIAL   LIFE. 


871 


Daniel  G.  Harkiman. 


In  1888  he  made  an  address  before  the  Union  League  ^  ^' 
Club  on  "Protection  versus  Free  Trade,"  which  was 
printed  by  the  club  and  circulated  to  the  extent  of 
1,250,000  copies;  in  1892  he  wrote  "American  Tariffs 
from  Plymouth  Rock  to  McKinley,"  which  was  pub- 
lished in  pamphlet  form  by  the  American  Tariff  League. 
It  comprised  about  one  hundred  pages  and  furnished  a 
complete  history  of  our  protective  system  from  the 
earliest  times  ;  it  became  exceedingly  popular  and  the 
first  edition  alone  distributed  100,000  copies. 

John  F.  Romig  was  born  on  February  10,  1853,  in 
Morrisania,  Westchester  County,  now  within  the  limits 
of  New  York  city.  When  he  was  eight  years  old  his  fam- 
ily moved  to  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  where  he  attended  school. 
At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  entered  the  employ  of  the 
leading  local  confectioner,  in  which  he  remained  until 
he  was  twenty-one  years  old.  After  engaging  in  busi- 
ness for  himself  for  a  short  period,  he  was  employed  in 
1876  by  Nugent  &  Steves  as  manager  of  their  west- 
ern territory,  and  continued  in  that  capacity  until  he 
succeeded  Mr.  Steves  as  a  member  of  the  firm,  the  name 
of  which  was  changed  to  J.  S.  Nugent  &  Co.  They 
conducted  business  until  1891,  when  the  firm,  together 
with  D.  S.  Walton  &  Co.,  the  Cornell,  Shelton  Co.,  F. 
H.  Benton  &  Co.,  Munson  &  Co.,  the  Whiting  Co.  and 
the  Chicopee  Box  Co.  disposed  of  their  interests  to 
the  National  Folding  Box  &  Paper  Co.,  which  had  been  organized  for  the  purpose  of  consolidation.  On  the 
first  of  August,  1891,  Mr.  Romig  was  appointed  manager  of  the  sales  department  of  the  newly  formed  com- 
pany, which  position  he  retains.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Sunday-school  Union  of  the  M.  E.  Church  and  of 
the  New  York  Educational  Society,  and  since  he  became  a  resident  of  Brooklyn,  in  1S81,  he  has  been  an 
active  member  and  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  New  York  Avenue  M.  E.  Church.  For  several  years  he  was 
assistant  superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school  and  since  1890  he  has  been  superintendent.     He  is  recording 

secretary  of  the  Veteran  Ministers'  Relief  Associa- 
tion of  the  M.  E.  Church.  In  1874  he  married  Miss 
Mary  Wachter,  daughter  of  Dr.  Charles  L.  Wachter, 
who  was  six  years  an  army  surgeon  in  various  field  and 
government  hospitals. 

Major  Augustus  C.  Tate,  marshal  of  the  United 
States  circuit  court  of  appeals,  has  been  distin- 
guished in  public  life  for  many  years  and  is  a  well 
known  Brooklynite.  He  was  born  in  New  York  city  on 
January  6,  1835,  and  received  preliminary  education 
at  a  public  school.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  went 
to  Charlotte  Academy  in  Delaware  County,  N.  Y., 
where  he  remained  three  years  and  then  returned  to 
New  York  to  assist  his  father  in  the  drygoods  business. 
On  April  19,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  the  12th  Regi- 
ment, N.  Y.  S.  M.,  then  commanded  by  Colonel  Daniel 
Butterfield.  He  was  at  once  made  color  sergeant 
and  served  in  that  capacity  during  the  three  months 
the  Twelfth  was  in  active  service.  At  the  expiration 
of  the  ninety  days'  term  he  again  enlisted  ;  he  was 
!  commissioned  captain  in  the  131st  N.  Y.  Volunteers  and 
!  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  major  on  September  8, 
1863.  He  participated  in  most  of  the  important  battles 
of  the  southwest,  seeing  much  hard  service  along  the 
Mississippi.     In   1865   he  was  mustered  out  with   his 

, ,         regiment    and    returned    to    Brooklyn.      Under    the 

John  f.  Romig.  collectorship  of  Chester  A.  Arthur,  he   was  appointed 


872 


THE    EAGLE   AND    BROOKLYN. 


inspector  in  the   New  York  custom  house  and  acted 
as  aid    to  A.  B.  Cornell,   surveyor  of   the  port.    He 


Amos  Broadnax. 


continued  as  inspector  until  1883,  when  President 
Arthur  appointed  him  United  States  marshal  for  the 
eastern  district  of  New  York.  He  held  that  office  until 
1887.  In  June,  1891  he  was  appointed  marshal  of 
the  United  States  circuit  court  of  appeals,  established 
by  the  previous  session  of  congress — practically  a 
life  position.  He  has  been  at  every  Republican  state 
and  national  convention  for  the  past  twenty-five  years. 
In  1868  he  was  secretary  to  the  national  convention 
held  in  Chicago.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Society  of 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac  and  of  U.  S.  Grant  Post,  G. 
A.  R. 

Amos  Broadnax  is  a  descendant  from  an  old  Eng- 
lish family  of  that  name  having  its  seat  in  Kent,  Eng- 
land. He  was  born  in  Hoboken,  N.  J.,  in  1827.  In  his 
boyhood  and  early  manhood  he  learned  the  trade  of 
machinist  and  mechanical  engineer.  In  1848  he  entered 
the  engineer  corps  of  the  United  States  navy,  where 
he  served  until  1855.  In  that  year  he  resigned  and 
began  the  study  of  law  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  being  admit- 
ted to  the  bar  in  1858.  He  moved  to  Washington  in 
1861  ;  practiced  law  there  until  1862,  when  he  entered 
the  service  of  the  United  States  government  in  the 
building  of  the  iron  clad  monitors,  "Tecumseh,"  "Man- 
hattan "  and  "Mahopac,"  which  were  constructed  in  Jersey  City.  His  earliest  political  opinions  were 
moulded  on  Whig  lines,  and  his  first  vote  in  a  presidential  contest  was  cast  for  John  C.  Fremont.  Since 
that  time  he  has  voted  with  the  Republican  party. 

Israel  F.  Fischer  is  one  of  the  most  earnest  politicians  in  the  club,  never  holding  public  office,  but 
indefatigable  in  his  work  for  candidates  on  the  Republican  ticket.     He  has  been  a  resident  of  Brooklyn 
since  1887.     Two  years  after  coming  to  this  city  he  was  chairman  of  the  Republican  campaign  committee. 
He  was  elected  chairman  of  the  executive  committee 
of  the  Republican  General  Committee  in  1890,  and  was 
reelected  in  1892,  but  resigned  at  the  May  meeting  of 
the  committee  that  year.     He  was  born  in  New  York 
city  on  August  18,  1858,  and  after  attending  the  public 
schools  until  his  thirteenth  year  he  entered  the    law 
office  of  Henry  S.  Bennett  as  a  clerk.     This  clerkship 
continued  until  1879,  when  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
and  began  practice.    He  entered  into  partnership  with 
Mr.  Bennett  in  1887,  and  in  1892  the  law  firm  of  Davi 
son  &  Fischer  was  formed,  with  Mr.  Bennett  as  senioi 
counsel.      Mr.  Fischer  is  a  member  of   the  Canarsie 
Yacht  Club,  of  which   he    has   been  commodore  two 
years.    During  that  period  the  club  has  grown  in  mem- 
bership from  fifty-four  to  one  hundred  and  fifty-six. 

John  S.  McKeon,  who  is  one  of  the  executive  com- 
mittee of  the  club,  is  one  of  the  most  successful  busi- 
ness men  of  Brooklyn  and  is  identified  with  a  variety 
of  local  interests  both  of  a  business  and  social  char- 
acter. He  is  a  member  of  the  Hanover  Club,  Knights 
of  Honor,  Royal  Arcanum,  and  other  organizations  :  a 
trustee  of  the  Eastern  District  Hospital,  Kings  County 
Savings  Bank,  and  Kings  County  Building  and  Loan 
Association;  and  in  the  Ross  Street  Presbyterian 
Church  he  holds  the  office  of  treasurer.  From  the 
year  1845,  '"  which  he  was  born,  he  has  been  a  resi- 
dent of  Brooklyn.     His  education  was  obtained  at  the  Israel  F.  Fischer. 


SOCIAL    CLUBS    AND    SOCIAL    LIFE. 


873 


John  S  McKeon. 


public  schools,  of  which  he  was  a  pupil  until  1859, 
when  he  was  graduated  at  public  school  No.  i.  Begin- 
ning as  an  errand  boy  in  a  clothing  store,  he  ob- 
tained a  clerkship  in  the  clothing  house  of  Hanford 
&  Browning,  of  New  York,  in  iS6i.  After  leaving 
that  firm  he  was  in  the  wholesale  trade  in  the  boys' 
clothing  business  in  New  York  until  1870,  when  he  be- 
came a  partner  in  the  firm  of  Smith,  Gray,  McKeon 
&  Co.,  in  Brooklyn.  Retiring  from  that  firm  in  1879, 
Mr.  McKeon  established  himself  at  the  corner  of 
Bioadway  and  Bedford  avenue  and  began  the  manu- 
facture and  sale  of  clothing.  He  does  both  a  whole- 
sale and  retail  business,  and  employs  more  than  five 
hundred  persons. 

Edw.\rd  H.  Hobbs  is  prominent  as  a  leader  of 
the  Republican  party  in  Brooklyn  as  well  as  a  success- 
ful lawyer  and  man  of  affairs.  For  sixteen  consecu- 
tive years  he  served  as  a  delegate  from  the  twenty- 
fourth  ward  to  the  Republican  General  Committee  ; 
he  has  been  a  member  of  the  executive  commtttee  of 
that  body  the  same  length  of  time,  and  was  four 
years  its  chairman.  In  18S4  he  was  chairman  of  the 
county  campaign  committee.  With  the  exception  of 
the  last  two,  he  has  been  delegate  to  all  the  state  con- 
ventions of  his  party  since  1877.  For  five  years  he  was 
a  delegate  to  the  Republican  State  Committee  and 
one  year  was  its  treasurer.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  national  convention  of  1884,  from  what  was  then  the 
second  district.  Although  never  an  office  seeker,  he  was  nominated  for  the  office  of  surrogate  in  1883,  and, 
though  he  failed  of  election,  he  ran  more  than  35,000  votes  ahead  of  the  state  ticket.  He  aided  in  organizing 
the  Bedford  Bank  and  is  one  of  its  directors.  He  was  born  in  the  town  of  Ellenburgh,  Clinton  County, 
N.  Y.,  on  June  5,  1835.  His  parents  were  pioneers  in  the  settlement  of  northern  New  York,  his  father  ser- 
ving on  the  frontier  as  a  captain  of  infantry  during  the  war  of  181 2.  While  Edward  was  a  boy  the  family 
removed  to  Malone,  Franklin  County.     He  prepared 

for    college    at    the    Franklin    Academy  and    entered  ,,, 

Middlebury  College,  in  Averment.  During  his  senior 
year  in  college  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  army 
and  served  under  General  McClellan,  in  the  army  of 
the  Potomac,  until  the  fall  of  1862  ;  and  then  under 
General  Hunter  in  South  Carolina  and  under  General 
Foster  in  North  Carolina.  He  was  promoted  to  a 
lieutenancy  and  at  the  chjse  of  his  service  was  adju- 
tant of  his  regiment.  After  the  war  he  studied  at  the 
Albany  Law  School,  and,  in  1867,  began  practice  in 
New  York  with  F.  A.  Wilcox,  and  later  in  the  office  of 
ex-Judge  Beebe,  under  the  firm  name  of  Beebe,  Wil- 
cox &  Hobbs.  This  connection  lasted  until  1883,  when 
Mr.  Hobbs  left  to  form  the  firm  of  Hobbs  &  Gifford. 
He  is  a  general  practitioner  and  is  equally  familiar 
with  commercial,  admiralty  and  corporation  law.  He 
is  a  director  in  the  Equitable  Mortgage  Co.,  of  Kansas 
City  and  New  York. 

Henry  Siede  is  one  of  the  prominent  men  of  Brook- 
lyn who  are  native  to  the  city  wherein  they  have 
lived  successful  lives.  He  was  born  at  297  Gate 
avenue,  on  August  18,  1863,  and  moving  to  277  Gates 
avenue,  two  years  later,  has  lived  there  ever  since. 
He  was  educated  at  public  school  No.  3  and  at  the 
Adelphi  Academy,  where  he  studied  three  years.  He 
completed   his   studies  at  Dresden,  Saxony,  where  he 


Edward  H.  Hobbs. 


874 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


lived  four  years  and  learned  the  trade  of  furrier.  The  year  1876  he  spent  at  Leipsic  and  in  travel,  after 
which  he  came  home  and  embarked  in  the  manufacture  of  dolls'  furs  under  a  patent  of  his  own.  In  1878 
he  became  a  clerk  in  his  father's  fur  store  ;  in  June,  1886,  Mr.  Siede,  senior,  died,  leaving  his  entire  property 
to  his  wife.  His  son  bought  the  business  in  May,  1887.  He  is  very  fond  of  saddle  riding  and  is  a  member 
of  the  Riding  and  Driving  Club  and  the  Park  Riding  Club  of  New  York.  He  worships  at  the  Central  Con- 
gregational Church. 

Wii.li.JlM  O.  Wyckoff,  for  many  years  president  of  the  Remington  Standard  Typewriter  Manufacturing 
Company,  was  born  on  his  father's  farm  in  the  town  of  Lansing,  Tompkins  County,  N.  Y.,  on  February 
16,  1835.  He  was  educated  at  the  public  schools  and  the  Ithaca  Academy.  About  the  year  1856  he  settled 
on  government  land  in  Blue  Earth  County,  Minnesota,  acquiring  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres,  with  the 
intention  of  earnmg  enough  to  enable  him  to  take  a  college  course.  The  crisis  of  1857  caused  him  to 
abandon  that  idea,  and  in  July  he  returned  to  Ithaca  and  began  the  study  of  law  in  the  office  of  a 
prominent  attorney  there.  When  the  civil  war  began  he  discontinued  his  law  studies  and  enlisted  as  a 
private  in  the  first  company  organized  in  Tompkins  County;  a  company  which  later  formed  a  part  of  the 
32d  N.  Y.  Volunteers.  Before  the  regiment  reached  the  front  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  second 
lieutenant;  immediately  after  the  battle  of  Bull  Run  he  was  advanced  to  the  rank  of  first  lieutenant,  and 
before  the  full  term  of  two  years  for  which  he  had  enlisted  had  expired,  he  was  made  captain  of  the 
company.  Returning  to  Ithaca  at  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  service,  he  resumed  his  law  studies,  and  on 
November  16,  1863,  at  Binghamton,  was  admitted  to  practice.  About  that  time  he  pursued  a  course  of  study 
and  was  graduated  at  Ames  Business  College,  Syracuse,  N.  Y.  He  early  became  interested  in  the  phono- 
graphic art,  pursuing  this  study  while  attending  school,  reading  law,  and  during  his  leisure  hours  in  the 
service.  In  January,  1866,  he  was  appointed  official  stenographer  of  the  supreme  court  for  the  sixth  judicial 
district  of  New  York,  which  position  he  held  sixteen  consecutive  years.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
New  York  State  Stenographers' Association,  holding  for  one  term  the  ofilice  of  president  of  the  association, 
in  which  he  retains  his  membership.  About  the  year  1875  he  obtained  the  agency  for  the  sale  of  Remington 
typewriting  machines.  When  not  engaged  in  court  work  he  applied  himself  diligently  to  the  introduction 
of  the  typewriter  into  law  offices  and  business  houses.  In  1882,  at  the  solicitation  of  the  Remingtons  and 
others  interested,  he  associated  himself  with  C.  W.  Seamans  and  H.  H.Benedict,  and  the  firm  of  Wyckoff, 
Seamans  &  Benedict  was  formed  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  on  the  typewriter  business  ;  at  the  same  time 
they  entered  into  a  contract  with  E.  Remington  &  Sons  to  take  their  entire  production  of  typewriters  and 
place  them  on  the  market.  The  venture  proved  successful,  and  in  1886  all  the  rights,  title,  interest, 
franchises,  tools,  machinery,  etc.,  pertaining  to  the  manufacture  of  the  Remington  typewriter  passed  into 

the  hands  of  Wyckoff,  Seamans  &  Benedict.    That  firm 

i  -7,         immediately  organized  the  Remington  Standard  Type- 

['  writer  Manufacturing  Company,  for  the  manufacture 

i  .  of  the  machines,  and  Mr.  Wyckoff  was  elected  presi- 

_,        ^  dent.    When,  on  May  19,  1892,  with  a  capital  of  $3,000, - 

000,  the  Remington  Standard  Typewriter  Manufac- 
turing Company  was  consolidated  with  the  Standard 
Typewriter  Company,  the  corporate  style  assumed  by 
the  firm  as  selling  agents,  Mr.  Wyckoff  was  elected 
president  of  the  new  company.  He  was  one  of  the 
early  and  most  active  members  of  the  Union  League; 
for  four  years  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  executive 
committee,  having  been  chairman  of  the  reception  com- 
mittee on  the  occasion  of  the  dedication  of  the  new 
building,  and  of  the  first  ladies'  reception  given  by 
the  club. 

Walter  Scott,  Jr.,  was  one  of  the  first  members 
of  the  club  and  is  one  of  its  most  enthusiastic  work- 
ers. He  is  the  youngest  of  six  children,  and  was  born 
of  Scotch  parents  in  Montreal,  Canada,  on  December 
22,  1861.  At  the  age  of  four  his  family  moved  to  Bos- 
ton, Mass.,  where  he  attended  the  public  schools.  His 
first  experience  in  a  mercantile  way  was  as  a  cash  boy 
in  one  of  the  large  drygoods  stores  of  Boston,  and 
thereafter  for  a  short  time  he  was  employed  by  a  drug- 
gist. He  was  barely  fifteen  years  of  age  when  he 
entered    the    employ    of    Butler   Brothers,   wholesale 


William  o.  Wyckoff. 


SOCIAL    CLUBS    AND    SOCIAL    LIFE. 


87s 


Walter  Scott,  Jr. 


''  dealers  in  small  wares  and  notions,  and  was  rapidly 
!  promoted  from  one  position  to  another.  When  the 
Chicago  branch  of  this  firm  was  established  in  1879, 
he  was  for  a  time  connected  with  the  house  in  that 
city,  but  he  was  again  transferred  to  the  New  York 
store  which  had  just  been  opened.  In  1885  he  was 
admitted  to  the  firm  of  Butler  Brothers,  and  he  is  one 
of  the  managers  of  their  business  in  New  York.  He 
ranks  as  a  leader  among  the  largest  and  most  influen- 
tial of  Scottish  associations  in  the  United  States.  He 
is  not  a  brilliant  orator,  but  his  force  and  logic  more 
than  compensate  for  any  lack  of  brilliancy,  and  in 
several  important  debates  in  which  he  has  participated 
at  the  annual  conventions  of  the  United  Clans,  he  has 
almost  invariably  come  out  victorious.  He  has  served 
four  years  on  the  membership  committee  of  the  Union 
League  Club,  and  he  is  vice-royal  chief  of  the  Order 
of  Scottish  Clans  of  the  United  States  and  Canada; 
he  is  a  member  of  the  Scottish  Charitable  Society  of 
i  Boston,  St.  Andrew's  Society  of  New  York,  Waverly 

Club  of  Brooklyn,  New  York  Scottish  Society  and  the 
l^j  Royal  Arcanum.     In   18S3  he  married  Miss  Sadie  D. 

Campbell,  of  Boston,  and  they  have  lived  in  Brooklyn 
continuously   since  that  time.      He   is    known   among 

"' ' ""•■■ his   friends   as  a   lover  of   athletic   sports   and   is    the 

possessor  of  several  trophies  won  on  the  cinder  path. 

He  is  a  lover  of  horses  and  is  an  adept  with  the  rod  and  gun. 

Albert  C.  Hallam,  M.  D.,  is  a  member  of  the  family  which  has  been  distinguished  in   the  literary 

world,  one    of  its  members  being    Henry    Hallam,  author  of  "The   History  of   the  Middle  Ages."    The 

father  of  Dr.  Hallam  was  a  frequent  contributor  to  Boston  periodicals,  and  his  mother  was  a  member  of  the 

prominent  New  England  family  of  Bowles.     Dr.  Hallam  was  born  in  Watertown,  Conn.,  on  June  22,  1844, 

and  received  his  rudimentary  education  in  the  schools  of  Waterbury,  Conn.     After  completing  his  common 

school  studies  he  entered  Yale  College  in   1863,  and 

was  graduated  in  1866  with  high  honors.     He  began       ,  s 

the  study  of  his    profession  in   1863  with  Dr.  James  5 

Welch,  of    Winsted,    Conn.,  and  continued  with    him 

during  the  vacation  seasons  of  the  three  years  he  was 

at  Yale.     On  January  20,  1866,  he  located  in  Brook- 
lyn and  began  the   practice   of   his    profession.       On 

November  4,  1867,  he  married  Miss  Mary  Devendorf, 

daughter   of   Dr.    Edward    Devendorf,    a    well-known 

physician  of  Brooklyn  and  a  resident  of  the  fifteenth 

ward.     On  August  23,   1888,  Mrs.   Hallam  died  ;    his 

family  now  consists  of    his   two  daughters.       Having 

been  an  extensive  traveler  in  all  parts  of  Europe  he 

has  collected  a  number  of  fine  art  productions,  which 

adorn    the    walls  of    his  residence.      Aside  from    his 

professional  duties  he  is  a  member  of    a   number  of 

social    clubs    and  various    organizations    of    the    city, 

among  which,  besides  the  Union  League  Club,  are  the 

Amphion  Singing  Society,  the  Royal  Arcanum,  Legion 

of    Honor,    and  the  A.  O.   U.  W.       He  was  the  first 

vice-president  of  the  Hanover  Club,  is  vice-president 

of    the    Bushwick    Savings    Bank    and    the    Amphion 

Academy  Company,  and  a  member  of   the   Brooklyn 

Bureau  of  Charities.     He  was  a  member  of  the  board 

of    education    under    Mayor    Low.       He    is    always 

generous  to  worthy  charitable   causes  and   is   highly 

respected. 


Albert  C.  Hallam,  M.  D. 


876 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 


Andrew  B.  Rogers,  Jr.,  has  been  actively  associated  in  the  work  of  the  club  ever  since  he  became  a 
resident  of  Brooklyn;  he  is  a  member  of  the  executive  committee,  and  was  a  member  of  the  house 
committee  when  the  new  club  house  was  opened.  He  was  born  in  New  York  on  February  7,  1851,  and  was 
educated  at  the  public  schools  and  at  the  College  of  the  City  of  New  York.  He  began  his  business  career 
in  1866  as  a  clerk  in  the  employ  of  Charles  Downer.  Afterwards,  in  1873,  he  organized  the  drug  importing 
firm  of  Dickinson  &:  Rogers,  which  gave  way  in  1881  to  its  successor,  Rogers  &  Pratt.  He  moved  to 
Brooklyn  in  i8go.  He  is  prominent  in  the  councils  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  denomination  and  is  a 
member  of  the  board  of  stewards  of  the  Nostrand  Avenue  M.  E.  Church.  He  was  one  of  the  presidential 
electors  in  1S88  from  this  state. 

Charles  S.  \VHrri\EY  has  been  signally  successful  in  his  relations  with  the  club  as  chairman  of  the 
house  committee;  and  he  is  a  well  known  man  in  the  social  life  and  club  circles  of  the  city.  He  was  born 
in  Brooklyn  on  November  7,  1S56,  and  was  educated  at  Lockwood's  Academy  and  the  Adelphi  Academy. 
At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  was  graduated  with  the  highest  honors  and  left  school  to  begin  business  life. 
After  an  experience  of  two  years  with  a  prominent  Brooklyn  real  estate  firm,  he  accepted  employment  with 
Sawyer,  Wallace  &  Co.,  of  New  York,  with  whom  he  remained  for  six  years.  During  that  time  he  was 
advanced  from  one  position  to  another  until  he  finally  became  chief  clerk  in  the  exporting  department.  He 
next  connected  himself  with  the  ship  brokerage  and  commission  firm  of  J.  V.  Whitney  &  Co.,  of  which  his 
father  was  the  senior  member,  and  in  which,  within  a  short  time,  he  was  admitted  to  a  partnership.  The 
relations  of  the  firm  with  the  commercial  world  have  been  greatly  extended  through  the  energy  of  its 
junior  partner.  He  has  held  the  office  of  vice-president  and  president  of  the  New  York  Maritime 
Exchange;  he  was  elected  to  the  latter  office  at  the  age  of  thirty-two  and  was  the  youngest  man  ever 
chosen  to  fill  that  post.  He  proved  himself  a  capable  executive  oiificer,  and  after  serving  one  term  declined 
an  offer  of  unanimous  reelection.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Crescent  Athletic  and  Prospect  Gun  clubs 
His  family  consists  of  his  wife  and  three  children,  and  he  is  a  member  and  vestryman  of  St.  Bartholomew's 
Episcopal  Church.      He  owns  a  handsome  country  residence  at  Arlington,  Vt. 

Aaron  G.  Perha.m  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  club,  has  served  for  two  years  on  the  finance 
committee,  and  is  a  member  of  the  executive  committee.  He  was  born  in  Wayne  County,  Pa.,  and  was 
educated  at  the  district  schools  and  at  Wyoming  Seminary,  at  Kingston  I^a.  His  youth  and  early  manhood 
were  spent  in  hard  work  on  his  father's  farm,  with  the  exception  of  two  winters  spent  in  the  severe  school 
of  the  lumber  camps  of  northern  Pennsylvania.  The  money  earned  in  lumbering  he  used  to  pay  for  his 
seminary  education.  His  first  business  engagement  was  that  of  book  keeper  at  Rupert,  Pa.  From  there  he 
removed  to   Millburn,  X.  J.,  and  on  January  i,  1870,  he  took  the  position  of  accountant  in  a  wholesale  coal 

office  in  Philadelphia,  In  May,  1874,  he  removed  to 
Brooklyn,  where  he  has  since  continuously  resided. 
For  three  years  after  coming  to  New  York  he  was  em- 
ployed as  salesman  in  the  wholesale  coal  business,  and 
then  became  a  partner  in  the  firm  of  J.  D  Kurtz, 
Crook  &  Co.  He  is  now  a  partner  in  the  firm  of 
Crook  &  Perham,  wholesale  coal  merchants  of  New 
York.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Coal  Trade  Club  of 
New  York,  and  a  trustee  of  the  New  York  Coal  Ex- 
change; he  is  also  a  director  in  the  Weehawken 
Wharf  Company  and  vice-president  of  the  Edgar 
Boiler  Company.  He  has  taken  an  active  interest  in 
public  affairs  and  was  for  a  number  of  years  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Republican  General  Committee  of  Kings 
County.  For  more  than  seven  years  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  23d  Regiment,  N.  G,,  S.  N.  Y.,  five  years 
of  which  time  he  was  second  lieutenant  of  Company 
G  ;  and  he  is  now  a  member  of  the  regimental  and 
Company  G  veteran  associations. 

One  of  the  early  members  of  the  club  is  L  Au- 
gustus Stanwoou  ;  he  is  well  known  and  thoroughly 
liked  by  his  fellow  members,  and  is  also  prominent  as 
a  laborer  for  the  welfare  of  the  Young  Men's  Chris- 
tian Association  ;  he  is  a  deacon  of  Plymouth  Church 
and  active  in  Sunday  school  work.  He  was  born  in 
Augusta,  Me.,  and  early  in  life  learned  the  trade  of  a 
paper  manufacturer.     He  advances  claims,  which  are 


Aaron  G.  Perham. 


SOCIAL   CLUBS    AND    SOCIAL    LIFE. 


877 


generally  admitted,  to  have  been  the  first  manufacturer  in  America  to  use  wood  as  a  material  for  paper 
making.  In  1875  he  moved  to  Brooklyn  and  in  the  same  year  secured  an  appointment  to  a  position  in  the 
New  York  custom  house,  which  he  filled  for  many  years,  making  at  the  same  time  a  study  of  law,  for 
which  profession  he  had  a  strong  predilection.  Since  1888  he  has  practiced  in  the  federal  courts.  He  is  a 
staunch  Republican  and  a  skillful  expositor  of  the  principles  of  that  party. 

James  P.  Philip  was  born  in  September,  1861,  in  Catskill,  Greene  County,  N.  Y.,  and  was  prepared  for 
the  higher  paths  of  educational  training  at  the  Catskill  Academy.     From  this  institution  he  went  to  Rutgers 

College,  where  he  was  president  of  his  class  ;  he  edited  the  Rutgers 
Targum  and  the  College  Annual;  was  a  member  of  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa 
Society,  and  was  graduated  among  the  honor  men  of  the  class  of  1882. 
^^M^^  A  year  later  he  began  to  study  law  in  the  office  of  Eugene  Burlingame 

^^^^^^  at  Albany,  N.  Y.;   he  also  studied  at  the  Albany  Law  School,  where  he 

^K^  M  was  president  of    his  class  and  where    he  was  graduated   in   1886.      He 

^B^^W.,  returned   to  Catskill,  and   for  twelve  months  occupied  desk  room  in  the 

^^^l-^    f  office  of  John  A.  Griswold  ;  at  the  end  of  the  year  he  moved  to  New  York, 

^^B^Wf  ^""^i  accepting  a   position  with  the   Title  Guarantee  &  Trust  Company, 

JS'^AjiAfeSMii  became  assistant  manager  of  the  branch  office  which  that  institution  had 

established  in  Brooklyn.  In  1890  he  dissolved  his  connection  with  the 
corporation,  and  resumed  private  practice  in  Brooklyn.  He  is  secretary 
of  the  Long  Island  Country  Club. 

Andrew  Peck  is  one  in  whom  the  contest  with  untoward  circum- 
stances, creating  and  developing  a  spirit  of  self-reliance,  seems  to  have 
developed  also  an  unselfish  nature  into  one  of  broad  and  noble  gener- 
osity.    He  was  born  on  October  15,  1836,  in  the  city  of  New  York.     He 
James    .    hilip.  ^^^^  Orphaned  at  an  early  age,  and  the   Leke  and  Watts   Orphan   House 

became  his  shelter.       His  gratitude  for  what  was  done  for  him  there  has  been  shown  since  in  the  constant 
interest  he  has  taken  in  the  institution  and  in  the  formation  in  1884  of  the  l,eke  and  Watts  Association,  a 
beneficial  and  social  organization  composed  of  former  male  inmates  of  the  house,  of  which  he  has  been  pre- 
sident from  the  first.      At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  was  apprenticed  to  a  general  storekeeper  at  Rockville,  N. 
Y.,  and  experienced  so  many  unnecessary  hardships  that  early  one  spring  morning  in  1852  he  ran  away,  tak- 
ing with  him  only  the  clothes  he  wore  and  in  his  pocket  the  sum  of  si.\-pence,  the  first  money  he  ever  had, 
to  call  his  own.      After  many  vicissitudes  he  reached  New  York  city  and  secured  employment   in  a  grocery 
store  up  town,  but  remained  only  a  short  time.  In  1859 
he  took  charge  of  a  book  and  stationery  store  in  Jersey 
City.      At  the  beginning  of  the  civil  strife  he  enlisted 
for  three  years  in  the  38th  N.  Y.  Volunteers,  and  after 
serving  ten  months  was  honorably  discharged  on  ac- 
count of  physical  disability  resulting  from  exposure. 
He    had   married    in    Jersey  City  a   week    before  his 
departure  for  the  south.     After   his  return  he  began 
publishing  in  a  small  way  on   his  own   account,   and 
in  1863  he  returned  to   the  bookselling  business  and 
began  making   baseballs    and    selling   them   to   small 
stores,   thus   beginning   a    trade    that    has   grown    to 
immense  proportions  and  with  which  his  name  is  in- 
separably connected.     In  1868  he  was  joined  in  busi- 
ness by  W.  Irving  Snyder,  the  two  men  forming  the 
house  of  Peck  &  Snyder  of  New  York.     Business  in- 
terests led   Mr   Peck  to  become  a  resident  of  Brook- 
lyn   in    the    spring    of    1876,    he   having    bought    out 
several  knitting  plants  for  the  manufacture  of  woolen, 
silk  and  other  gymnasium  goods.     Since  that  time  he 
has  secured  blocks  of  lots,  and  has  built  many  houses 
and  also  a  few  flat  buildings  and  factories.     He  is  a 
member   of    a   number  of    societies   and   institutions. 
In  freemasonry  he  has   manifested  a  very  active   in- 
terest, and  is  an  officer  in  several  of  the  local  bodies, 
having  taken  all  the  many  degrees.     His  family  con- 
sists of  his  wife  and  one  daughter.     He  has  one  of  the 


Andrew  Peck. 


878 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 


Abram  M.  Kirby. 


largest  and  most  valuable  masonic  libraries  ever  col- 
lected, comprising  more  than  15,000  books  and  pam- 
phlets. 

Abram  IVIulford  Kirby  is  a  scion  of  an  old  Long 
Island  family.  He  is  a  descendant  of  William  Mul- 
ford,  an  original  proprietor  of  Southampton,  whither 
he  moved  from  Salem,  Mass.,  in  1645.  On  the  paternal 
side  also  he  has  a  Long  Island  ancestry.  He  was 
born  at  Cutchogue,  Suffolk  County,  on  September  16, 
1S39;  but  within  a  few  weeks  was  brought  to  Brook- 
lyn, where  he  was  educated.  His  parents  were  Francis 
___^_»>         _»_^^^^^_«-  *--•  Kirby  and  Philena  H.  Kirby.     At  the  beginning  of 

ttHHtt|        '  ^&^^^|H||i^'''^^^^^^^^  the  war  he  left  for  the  front  with  the  13th  Regiment, 

^^^^^     /I^Kfk    ^^^r^  ^^ '   '^^^^^"^^  N.  Y.  S.  M.,  serving  in  the  engineer  corps  of  the  regi- 

ment. He  began  his  business  career  in  the  office  of 
the  People's  Fire  Insurance  Company  of  New  York, 
on  March  i,  1856,  and  on  May  21,  1857,  entered  the 
employ  of  the  newly  formed  Brooklyn  company,  the 
Montauk,  of  which  he  subsequently  became  secretary. 
His  longest  business  connection  was  as  one  of  the 
secretaries  with  the  Continental  Insurance  Company 
of  New  York,  with  which  he  was  associated  nineteen 
years.  During  this  period  he  was  active  in  the  councils 
of  the  New  York  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters.  At 
the  present  time  he  represents  the  Traveler's  Casu- 
alty Company  of  Hartford,  in  developing  a  compara- 
tively new  line  of  casualty  business,  that  of  general  employers'  liability  in  connection  with  street  rail- 
ways. He  is  a  member  of  Kane  Lodge  of  the  masonic  fraternity.  Post  Lafayette,  140,  C.  A.  R., 
the  'Lawyers'  Insurance,  New  York  Athletic,  and  Manhattan  Athletic  clubs  of  New  York,  and  the 
L'nion  League  Club  of  Brooklyn,  the  St.  Nicholas  Society  of  New  York  and  the  Society  of  Old  Brook- 
lynites.     He  is  a  communicant,  and  was  for  some  years  a  vestryman  of  St.  John's  P.  E.  Church. 

Among  tlie  younger  men  whose  social  inclinations  and  political  principles  have  made  them  valuable  in 
the  ranks  of  the  club,  there  are  few  better  known  to 
their  associates  in  the  organization  than  Frank  E. 
Kirby.  He  was  born  in  Brooklyn  in  December,  1859. 
He  was  educated,  first  at  the  public  schools,  and 
afterwards  at  Professor  Overheiser's  academy.  When 
he  left  school  he  obtained  employment  as  an  office 
boy  with  Jesse  Hoyt  &  Co.,  grain  merchants  of  New 
York,  and  he  gradually  advanced  himself  to  a  member- 
ship in  the  Produce  E.xchange,  which  he  retained  four 
years  ;  the  latter  half  of  this  period  he  spent  as  buyer 
and  seller  for  tlie  firm  of  Henry  Clews  &  Co.  His 
next  change  placed  him  on  the  road  as  agent  for  the 
Palmer  Chemical  Company,  in  whose  employ  he  re- 
mained three  years.  His  next  situation  of  responsi- 
bility was  that  of  special  agent  for  the  Employers' 
Liability  Assurance  Corporation  of  London,  which 
position  he  has  continued  to  occupy  until  the  present 
time.  He  is  also  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Mor- 
gan Drug  Company,  in  which  he  is  financially  inter- 
ested. He  is  a  member  of  the  Insurance  Club  of 
New  York. 

The  family  of  which  Chester  B.  Lawrence  is  a 
member  is  a  very  large  one  which  originated  in  Eng- 
land and  came  to  America  from  Holland.  Three  of 
his  ancestors  received  from  the  Dutch  government 
grants  of  land  now  included  in  the  towns  of  New- 
town,   Hempstead   and    Flushing,    L.   I.       His   father,  Frank  E.  kirby. 


SOCIAL   CLUBS    AND    SOCIAL    LIFE. 


879 


Chester  B.  Lawrence. 


Effingham  N.  Lawrence,  established  more  than  sixty 
years  ago  the  warehouse  storage  business  in  which  the 
son  is  still  engaged.  In  1854  he  was  one  of  the  firm 
owning  Coe's  stores,  and  which  in  185S  opened  the 
warehouse  opposite  Catharine  Ferry,  New  York,  both 
of  which  are  now  owned  by  Lawrence,  Son  &  Gerrish, 
of  which  Chester  B.  Lawrence  has  been,  since  the 
death  of  his  father,  the  senior  member.  He  is  a 
thorough  Brooklynite.  The  residence  at  319  Wash- 
ington avenue,  which  he  built  for  his  wife  twelve 
years  ago,  is  one  of  the  handsomest,  both  in  architec- 
ture and  furnishing,  of  Brooklyn's  many  handsome 
homes.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Lincoln  and  Rem- 
brandt clubs  and  of  the  Sundown  Fishing  Club.  Since 
1884  he  has  been  an  executive  committeeman  of  the 
Republican  Club  and  for  a  year  he  was  vice-president. 
He  was  born  in  New  York  city  on  September  15,  1845. 
He  attended  school  at  Portchester  for  eight  years  and, 
in  1862,  engaged  as  clerk  in  a  shipping  house  until 
1865,  when  he  became  a  partner  with  his  father  in 
business.  He  married  a  daughter  of  George  C,  Peters, 
of  New  York,  and  has  made  Brooklyn  his  home 
since  1868. 

John  F.  Henry  is  the  descendant  of  a  family 
that  originally  came  from  Aberdeen,  Scotland,  and 
settled   in   Massachusetts,   prior   to  the    revolutionary 

war.     Another  branch  of  the  same  family  made  a  home  in  Virginia  and  one  of  its  members  was  the  famous 

patriot,  Patrick  Henry.     James  M.  Henry,  the  father  of  John   F.  Henry,  was  for  many  years  prominent  in 

public  life  as  a  citizen  of  Waterbury,  Vt.,  and  represented  that  constituency  several  terms  in  the  state  legis- 
lature.    His  brother,  General  William  Wirt  Henry,  earned  a  reputation  as  a  gallant  soldier,  was  four  terms 

in  the  Vermont  senate,  served  two  terms  as  mayor  of  Burlington,  Vt.,  and  held  office  under  the  Federal 

government  as  United  States  marshal.     John  F.  Henrv  was  born  in  Waterbury,  Vt.,  on  February  25,  1834. 

He  was  educated  at  the  Bakersfield  Academy,  and  on 

August  I,  1855,  began  his  business  career  by  opening 

a  drug  store  in  his  native  town.     He  was  successful, 

accumulated  money,  and  rapidly  attained  prominence 

in  municipal  and  state  politics.     He  became  clerk  of 

the    district  and    then  was  appointed    postmaster  by 

President  Lincoln.     At  the  age  of  twenty-two  he  was 

made  a  trustee  of  the  leading  Congregational  church 

in  Waterbury,  although  not  a  member.      In   1859  he 

opened  a  branch  drug  store  in    Montreal,  where    he 

conducted  a  successful  business  during  the  next  ten 

years.     On  January  i,  1866,  he  came  to  Brooklyn  and 

acquired  an  interest  in  the  firm  of  Demas  Barnes  & 

Co.,  of  New  York.     For  three  years  he  remained  as 

a   partner   in    the    firm,    and    then    became    the    sole 

proprietor,  the  firm  name  being  changed  to  John  F. 

Henry  &  Co.      He  is  the  treasurer  of  the  Republican 

General  Committee   of   Kings  County,  a   member  of 

the  executive  committee  of  that  body,  and  president 

of  the  Tenth  Ward  Republican  Association.     In  1873, 

he  received  the  senatorial  nomination  in  the  second 

district,  and   four  years    later  headed  the    municipal 

ticket  against  James  Howell,  who  then  for  the  first  time 

appeared  before  the  electors  as  a  candidate  for  the  may- 
oralty.   He  is  a  charter  member  of  the  New  York  Board 

of  Trade  and  Transportation,  and  served  twelve  years 

as  chairman  of  that  organization's  executive  committee. 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 


Daring  a  period  of  twenty-two  years  lie  has  been  active  and  prominent  in  the  New  York  Chamber 
of  Commerce,  and  he  is  president  of  the  American  Board  of  Transportation  and  Commerce.  He  was  for 
several  years  the  largest  stockholder  in  the  Brooklyn  Union,  and  for  three  or  four  terms  acted  as  president 
of  the  corporation  publishing  that  paper.  In  this  enterprise  he  was  associated  with  General  Benjamin  F. 
Tracy  ex-Mayor  Frederick  A.  Schroeder  and  others.  He  was  at  various  times  a  partner  in  the  well  known 
New  Orleans  drug  house  of  Barnes,  Ward  &  Co.,  and  in  the  firm  of  John  F.  Henry  &  Co.,  of  Montreal.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  New  England  Society  of  New  York,  the  Society  of  the  Sons  of  the  Revolution,  and  the 
New  York  Tariff  League.  In  Brooklyn  he  is  a  member  of  the  New  England  Society,  the  Vermont  Society, 
the  Long  Island  Historical  Society,  and  other  organizations.  Although  not  a  member,  he  has  been  a  trustee 
of  the  South  Congregational  Church  twenty-three  years. 

Distinguished  in  the  social  life  of  Brooklyn  by  those  tastes  which  ennoble  and  refine,  Henry  T.  Chap- 
man, Jr.,  is  not  less  known  for  other  qualities  in  the  great  financial  world  of  the  metropolis.     He  is  a  native 
of  New  York,  but  for  more  than  fifty  years  has  lived 
in  Brooklyn.     His  father  came  to  Brooklyn  about  1839 
and  built  a  home  on  Clinton  avenue  near  the  corner 
of  Lafayette,  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  his  son's        i 
present  residence.     The  son  was  at  first  instructed  by 
private  tutors  and  at  the  Bousaud  Academy  in  Brook- 
lyn, completing  his  studies  in  Europe.     While  abroad 
he  cultivated  a  taste  for  the  fine  arts  and  the  subse- 
quent encouragement  of  this  predilection  has  led  to 
results  which  are  noted  at  length  elsewhere  in  this 
volume.    He  was  one  of  the  original  eleven  organizers 


of  the  23d  Regiment,  N.  G.,  S.  N.  Y. 


i^hich  he  after- 


Henry  T.  Chapman,  Jr. 


wards  held  the  rank  of  major ;  he  resigned  to  accept 
the  colonelcy  of  the  s6th  Regiment  and  afterwards 
received  a  staff  appointment  under  General  John  B. 
Woodward.  He  has  been  associated  with  financial 
interests  many  years  and  was  connected  with  a  New 
York  bank  ;  for  some  time  past  he  has  been  among 
the  more  prominent  members  of  the  New  York  Stock 
Exchange.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Oxford,  Rembrandt, 
and  other  clubs,  and  is  a  trustee  of  the  Brooklyn  Art 
Association. 

The  ancestral  records  of  Isaac  C.  DeBevgise, 
which  have  been  noted  in  a  preceding  chapter,  are  so 
inseparably  associated  with  those  of  the  earlier  set- 
tlers on  Long  Island  that  they  constitute  in  some 
measure  a  portion  of  the  history  of  Brooklyn.  The 
house  which  he  himself  built,  and  where  he  has  made 
his  home  for  many  years,  is  situated  in  a  section  now  included  among  the  most  populous  districts  in  the 
city,  and  stands  upon  ground  that  once  constituted  a  portion  of  the  famous  farm  which  Joris  Jansen  de 
Rapalje  purchased  from  the  Indians  in  1637.  This  property  comprised  335  acres,  part  of  which  covered  the 
site  now  occupied  by  the  grounds  of  the  United  States  Marine  Hospital,  and  became  known  as  Rennaga- 
conck.  Mr.  DeBevoise  was  born  in  1837,  in  the  old  family  homestead  at  Bushwick,  where  his  father,  Charles 
I.  DeBevoise,  who  for  years  had  been  supervisor  of  Bushwick,  was  born.  His  mother  was  Jane  Rapalje, 
daughter  of  Folkert  Rapalje  and  Agnes  DeBevoise.  He  was  educated  at  Union  Hall  Academy  in 
Jamaica.  His  early  life  was  passed  on  the  paternal  estate  at  Bushwick,  and  as  he  advanced  in  life  his  time 
was  exclusively  devoted  to  the  improvement  of  the  property  which  he  inherited.  His  family  connections 
give  him  an  honorable  place  among  the  members  of  the  Holland  Society,  and  his  financial  interests  have 
placed  him  on  the  board  of  trustees  connected  with  the  Williamsburgh  Savings  Bank.  He  is  fond  of  music 
and  the  fine  arts,  and  is  the  possessor  of  many  interesting  relics  relating  to  his  family  and  to  the  early 
history  of  Bushwick;  among  these  there  was,  until  lately,  an  old  communion  tankard  once  the  property  of 
the  "Beehive"  church  at  Bushwick,  which  bears  the  date,  1708,  and  which  he  has  transferred  to  the 
keeping  of  the  Holland  Society.  In  i860  he  married  Miss  Caroline  A.  Schenck,  daughter  of  Cornelius 
Schenck,  of  New  York;  they  have  four  children. 

John  T.  Sackett  is  a  charter  member  of  the  club  and  filled  the  office  of  secretary  from  March,  1888, 
until  March,  1892.  He  is  a  rising  young  lawyer  of  Brooklyn,  and  is  one  of  the  exceptionally  active  mem- 
bers of  the  club.     He  was  born  in  New  York  city  on  October  i,  1864,  and  at  the  age  of  nine  years  came  to 


SOCIAL    CLUBS    AND    SOCL\L    LIFE.  S8i 

Brooklyn  with  his  parents.  He  attended  public  school  in  this  city,  and  spent  nearly  two  years  at  St.  Paul's 
Military  School  in  Garden  City,  L.  I.  In  1886  he  was  graduated  from  Cornell  University  and  then  took  a 
two  years'  course  at  Columbia  College  Law  School.  He  was  graduated  at  the  latter  in  May,  1888,  and  in 
the  same  month  was  admitted  to  practice  in  the  state  courts.  Since  that  time  he  has  been  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  New  York  city.  While  at  Cornell  University  he  was  business  manager  of  the 
Cornell  Daily  Sun,  and  he  was  the  memorial  orator  uf  the  class  of  '86.  In  November,  1891,  he  married  a 
niece  of  George  G.  Reynolds,  late  chief  justice  of  the  city  court. 

William  G.  Hoople  was  born  near  the  Long  Sault  of  St.  Lawrence  river,  Dickinson's  Landing,  Canada, 
in  1S41,  on  a  farm  which  his  grandfather  received  from  the  government  as  a  loyalist.  In  1862  he  came  to 
New  York,  procured  employment  with  his  uncle,  who  was  engaged  in  the  leather  business,  and  four  years 
later  became  his  partner.  Upon  the  retirement  of  his  uncle  from  the  business  he  associated  himself  with 
Loring  A.  Robertson.  The  latter  died  in  the  fall  of  i8go,  since  which  time  Mr.  Hoople  has  conducted  the 
business  alone.  In  June,  1867,  he  was  married  at  the  Long  Sault,  to  Miss  Agnes  Blackburn.  He  has 
resided  in  Brooklyn  since  1876  and  is  a  member  of  the  Central  Congregational  Church,  assistant  superin- 
tendent of  Bethesda  Chapel,  and  serves  on  the  prudential  committee  in  the  church  with  which  he  is  con- 
nected. 

Since  1866  Charles  H.  Rutherford  has  been  an  esteemed  citizen  of  Brooklyn,  and  his  membership 
in  the  club  is  one  of  many  years  standing.  Very  soon  after  coming  here  he  united  with  the  Nostrand 
Avenue  M.  E.  Church,  and  for  years  has  acted  as  a  trustee.  He  is  interested  in  general  church  work  and  is 
a  member  of  the  Brooklyn  Church  Society.  He  was  born  at  White  Plains,  N.  Y.,  in  1841,  and  was 
educated  at  a  private  boarding  school  kept  by  his  father  in  Nyack.  In  1862  he  went  to  New  York  city 
where  he  became  a  clerk  with  Hegeman  &  Co.,  in  the  drug  business.  One  year  later  he  went  to  the  firm  of 
James  S.  Aspinwall,  wholesale  druggists,  with  whom  he  remained  as  chief  clerk  until  he  embarked  in  busi- 
ness for  himself.     He  was  married  in  1S66,  the  same  year  that  he  moved  to  Brooklyn. 

Clark  D.  Rhinehart  was  born  at  Brunswick,  Ulster  County,  N.  Y.,  on  January  7,  1S44.  At  the  age 
of  twelve  he  left  his  home  to  begin  work  as  a  clerk  in  a  store  at  Rochester,  and  later  he  learned  the  trade 
of  a  carpenter,  but  left  the  bench  to  accept  a  situation  as  a  shipping  clerk  with  a  grocery  firm  in  Newburgh. 
In  1863  he  enlisted  in  the  5th  N.  Y.  Cavalry,  and  in  1865  he  settled  in  Greenpoint,  where  the  shipping  busi- 
ness engaged  his  attention  until  1S72,  when  he  disposed  of  his  interest  and  occupied  himself  with  the  manu- 
facture of  composition  roofing.  From  1879  until  1880  he  was  clerk  of  the  Brooklyn  board  of  audit,  and 
until  1882  he  served  as  clerk  to  the  late  Francis  B.  Fisher,  In  1883  he  was  elected  civil  justice  in  the  third 
district,  and  upon  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  office  in  1887,  was  at  once  chosen  as  candidate  for  the 
shrievalty  against  William  A.  Furey.     He  was  elected  and  served  the  full  term  of  three  years. 

LINCOLN   CLUB. 

Early  in  the  month  of  January,  1878,  about  a  dozen  gentlemen,  who  were  more  or  less  known  in  Repub- 
lican political  circles  of  the  city,  bound  themselves  together  in  an  association  for  the  dual  purpose  of  social 
enjoyment  and  furthering  the  interest  of  the  Republican  party.  For  more  than  a  year  the  new  club,  which 
took  the  name  of  the  war  president,  met  at  private  residences.  In  the  spring  of  1879,  having  received  many 
accessions  of  membership,  the  Lincoln  Club  rented  one  of  two  frame  houses  that  then  occupied  the  site  of 
the  club's  present  quarters  at  65  and  67  Putnam  avenue.  The  building  was  small,  but  suited  at  that  time 
the  needs  of  the  organization,  which  in  the  following  autumn  made  a  successful  application  to  the  legisla- 
ture for  an  act  of  incorporation.  Soon  after  this  the  club,  through  no  constitutional  movement,  but  rather 
by  the  openly  and  informally  expressed  opinion  of  a  majority  of  its  members,  abandoned  its  political  fea- 
tures, and  became  purely  social  in  its  ends  and  aims.  Having  in  this  manner  thrown  open  the  doors  to  all 
suitable  applicants  for  membership,  the  club  immediately  increased  in  size  and  in  importance.  Many  Demo- 
crats, prominent  in  their  party,  placed  their  names  upon  its  rolls.  District  Attorney  James  W.  Ridgway 
became  one  of  the  most  popular  members  and  was  elected  a  trustee  in  1892.  Police  Commissioner  Henry 
I.  Hayden,  who  was  formerly  president,  is  another  distinguished  Democrat  who  is  a  member  of  the  club,  and 
Alfred  C.  Chapin  was  a  member  during  his  residence  in  the  seventh  ward,  but  resigned  in  1S90.  In  1883 
the  growth  of  the  club  demanded  the  purchase  and  extensive  alteration  of  both  the  frame  houses  referred 
to  above.  In  1886  a  large  extension  was  built  in  the  rear  of  the  club  house  at  an  expense  bordering  on 
$9,000.  Three  years  later,  in  the  spring  of  1889,  the  club  determined  to  erect  a  house  that  would  not  only 
be  a  credit  to  the  organization,  but  would  place  it  upon  a  plane  with  any  of  the  great  social  institutions  of 
Brooklyn.  Architect  R.  L.  Daus,  of  Brooklyn,  was  selected  to  make  the  necessary  plans.  The  expense  was 
estimated  at  $30,000,  but  subsequent  demands  carried  it  considerably  beyond  that  figure.  In  the  late 
autumn  of  1889  the  club's  new  home  was  ready  for  occupancy.  The  building  as  it  now  stands  is  four  stories 
in  height,  and  has  a  frontage  on  Putnam  avenue  of  forty-five  feet, with  a  depth  of  one  hundred  and  twenty 
feet,  including  the  extension  erected  in  i886,  which  was  left  standmg.  The  material  used  in  its  construction 


882 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


is  pressed  brick  varied  with  Lake  Superior  brownstone,  and  trimmed  with  terra-cotta  moulding  and 
carvino-  The  architecture  is  what  is  known  as  early  French  Renaissance.  The  dominant  feature  of  this 
peculirr  style  is  a  combination  of  solidity  with  lightness,  due  to  the  impression  left  upon  the  mediaeval 
architecture  of  France  by  Italian  ideas.  There  is  a  massive  stoop  with  elaborately  carved  balustrades  lead- 
ing to  an  entrance  of  handsome  proportions  and  beautifully  decorated.  In  the  lowest  story  are  three  stained 
glass  windows  with  handsome  designs  of  female  figures,  emblematic  of  Concord,  Prosperity  and  Friendship. 
From  a  point  between  the  second  and  third  stories  projects  a  massive  corbel  supporting  the  base  of  a 
tower  which  rises  some  distance  above  the  tiled  roof,  and  is  topped  with  a  flag  pole.     A  magnificently 


Lincoln  Club  House,  Putnam  Avenue. 

carved  bay  window  and  an  oriel  window  in  the  tower  are  also  prominent  features.  The  entire  first  floor  of 
the  building  is  practically  one  apartment,  with  the  exception  of  a  dining-room  and  office.  A  handsome  hall- 
way leads  into  a  reception  room  with  a  massive  fire-place  and  mantel  ;  and  from  this  apartment  an  archway 
affords  access  to  a  parlor  of  generous  dimensions,  handsomely  carpeted  and  furnished,  which  in  turn  is  con- 
nected with  a  reading  room  in  the  rear.  The  second  floor  contains  billiard  and  card  rooms  ;  the  third  floor, 
bed-rooms  and  a  bath-room,  and  the  fourth,  apartments  for  employees.  In  the  basement  is  a  commodious 
kitchen  and  four  bowling  alleys.  The  history  of  the  club  has  been  one  of  peaceful  progress,  and  its  present 
home-like  and  attractive  features  are  due  entirely  to  the  care  exercised  in  electing  to  membership  only  those 
who  are  in  harmony  with  the  club's  social  purpose.  The  receptions  of  the  club  are  social  events  of  prime 
importance.  Most  of  the  eminent  visitors  to  the  city  are  entertained  in  the  club  house.  The  officers  of  the 
club  elected  in  1892  are  :  Herbert  T.  Ketcham,  president ;  Eugene  1).  Berri,  vice-president  ;  George  Crosby, 
treasurer  ;  Emerson  W.  Keyes,  secretary. 

Herbert  T.  Ketcham  was  born  at  Huntington,  L.  I.,  in  1850,  and  has  been  a  resident  of  Brooklyn 
since  1858.  He  became  a  student  at  Williams  College  in  1867,  and  was  graduated  at  that  institution  in 
1874.  For  seventeen  years  he  has  practiced  law  with  marked  success.  In  1877  he  married  Miss 
Olivia  E.  Phillips,  of  Portland,  Me.;  their  home  is  178  Lefferts  place.  Mr.  Ketcham  has  devoted  much  of 
his  leisure  time  to  the  production  of  literature  of  a  general  character.  Until  his  election  to  the  presidency 
of  the  Lincoln  Club,  he  had  not  prominently  identified  himself  with  social  affairs.  His  early  training  in  the 
field  of  athletics  gave  him  prominence  as  a  member  of  the  Lincoln  Club  bowling  team. 


SOCIAL    CLUBS    AND    SOCIAL    LIFE. 


883 


Eugene  D.  Berri,  a  club  man  who  has  devoted  much  time  to  social  recreation  since  his  retirement 
from  active  business,  is  the  vice-president  of  the  club,  and  is  deservedly  popular  among  his  fellow  members 
and  a  large  circle  of  friends. 

Martin  E.  Berry,  formerly  president  of  the  club,  was  born  in  Brooklyn  on  August   10,  1863.     He  was 
educated  at  public  school  No.  11,  and  when  fifteen  years  old  engaged  in  the  warehousing  business  with   E. 
B.  Bartlett  &   Co.,  in  whose   employ  he   remained   thirteen  years.     He   then   made   a  venture   on   his  own 
account  as  a  forwarding  agent,  and  has  since  continued  in  that  line  of  business.     He  is  a  trustee  of  the 
club  and  a  member  of  the  house  committee.     In  the  winter  of  1891-2  he  was  one  of  a  team  of  five  that 
captured  for  the  club  the  inter-club  bowling  championship.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Crescent  Athletic  Club. 
Horace  E.  Dresser  was  born  in  New  York,  on  June  22,  1841.     He  received  a  public  school  education 
in  that  city,  and  was  graduated  from  the  College  of  the  City  of  New  York  in  1859.     He  immediately  began 
business  life    by    accepting   a   boy's    position    in    the 
wholesale  hosiery  concern  of  John  J.  Hinchman  &  Co., 
New  York,  and  in  less  than  six  years  was  managing 
partner,  though  four  years  were  spent  in  other  employ- 
ment.     Soon  after  entering  the   hosiery  business  he 
accepted  a  clerkship  in  the  naval  office  of  the  port  of 
New  York,  from  which  he  was  soon   promoted.     While 
filling  official   positions  he  devoted  his  spare  time  to 
literary   work,   contributing  to  the   New   York  news- 
papers.    In  1863  he  compiled  "The  Battle  Record  of 
the  American  Rebellion,"  and   in  1864  I).  Appleton  & 
Co.,  published  his  compilation  of  "The  United  States 
Internal  Revenue  and  Tariff  Laws;"   other  editions 
being  published   by  the   same  firm  in   1865,  and    by 
Harper  Bros.,  in  1870  and  1872.     He  is  senior  partner 
of  the  mercantile  firm  of    Dresser  &  Olmsted,    New 
York.     He  became  a  permanent  resident  of  Brooklyn 
in   1876.     In  1882  he  was  appointed  a  member  of  the 
board    of   education    by   Mayor    Low  and   was   reap- 
pointed  by  the  same  mayor  in    1885,  and  by  Mayor 
Chapin  in  1888.      He  strongly  advocated  the  develop- 
ment of  the  central  grammar  school  into  such  an  insti- 
tution as  it  is  to-day,  and  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  training  school  for  teachers.     While  thus  engaged 
in  fostering  higher  education,  he  was  equally  interested 
in  the  primary  branches  and  was  the  first  to  introduce 
kindergarten  instruction  in  the  public  schools.    In  1888 
he  was  elected  president  of  the  Seventh  Ward  Republi- 
can Association.    A  year  later  his  party  offered  him  the  nomination  for  state  senator  in  the  third  district,  but 
he  declined  the  honor,  although  its  tender  was  equivalent  to  an  election.     In  1891  he  was  nominated  as  the 
Republican  candidate  for  supervisor-at-large,  and  polled  a  larger  vote,  in  the  city  of  Brooklyn,  than  that  cast 
for  any  candidate  on  the  Republican  state,   county  or  city  ticket,  except  the  candidates  for  mayor  and 
secretary  of  state.     In  April,  1892,  the  Republican  state  convention  named  him  as  one  of  the  presidential 
electors.      He  has  been  many  years  a  member  of  the  club,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Union  League  Club  and 
the  New  England  Society.     In  the  Union  League  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  executive  and  members 
committees  and  the  committee  on  literary  exercises,  and  chairman  of  the  finance  committee. 

Joseph  A.  Velsor,  born  in  New  York  city  in  1834,  is  of  Dutch  descent,  the  family  name  having  been 
formerly  Van  Velsor.  He  was  educated  at  the  public  schools  and  at  the  New  York  Free  Academy,  from 
which  he  was  graduated  in  1854.  His  first  employment  was  in  1855  in  the  store  at  9  Clold  street.  New  York, 
of  which  since  1865  he  has  been  a  proprietor,  the  firm  name  being  changed  in  that  year  to  Peek  &  Velsor. 
Mr.  Peek  died  in  1885,  but  the  title  has  been  retained  ;  the  business  is  dealing  in  botanic  drugs.  Mr.  Velsor 
is  a  member  of  the  Lincoln,  Union  League,  and  Marine  and  Field  clubs,  of  Brooklyn,  and  the  Fulton  Club, 
of  New  York  city. 

John  W.  Rhoades  is  among  the  most  active  members  of  the  club.  He  is  one  of  those  who  constitute 
the  library  committee.  His  ancestors  were  prominently  identified  for  many  generations  with  the  history  of 
Connecticut.  He  was  born  in  New  York  in  the  year  1847,  and  studied  at  the  public  schools  of  that  city  ; 
he  was  graduated  at  the  Brooklyn  Polytechnic  Institute.  His  first  employment  was  with  the  New  York 
News  Company,  the  affairs  of  which  are  now  entirely  under  his  management.      His  promotion  was  rapid, 


Horace  E.  Dresser. 


884 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


John  H.  Ireland. 


and  was  due  to  his  marked  e.xecutive  talent  and  to  the  facility  with  which 
he  mastered  the  various  details  of  the  business.  He  has  been  prominently 
in  various  social  and  political  organizations,  including  among  the  latter 
the  Young  Republican  Club.  He  is  fond  of  aquatic  sports,  and  spends 
his  summer  with  his  family  on  the  shores  of  New  Jersey  and  Connecticut. 
John  H.  Ireland  was  born  in  Brooklyn  in  1837.  He  was  educated 
at  public  school  No.  4.  On  leaving  school  he  was  for  a  time  employed 
in  A.  T.  Stewart's  drygoods  house.  He  afterwards  spent  five  years  in  the 
employment  of  Remsen  &  Burroughs,  lime  and  brick  dealers.  Since  1858 
he  has  been  connected  with  the  firm  of  Cross,  Austin  &  Co.,  lumber  deal- 
ers, at  first  as  clerk,  but  since  1870  as  a  member  of  the  firm.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Washington  Avenue  Baptist  Church.  In 
1863  he  married  Miss  Martha  Colyer.  She  died  in  1882,  leaving  two  daugh- 
ters, now  Mrs.  Charles  A.  Van  Iderstine  and  Mrs.  Arthur  L.  Tinker. 

Frank  S.  Henderson  is  especially  well   known  in  masonic  circles, 
having  begun  his  masonic  career  in  Stella  Lodge,  485,  F.  &  A.  M.,  and 
served  as  its  master  three  years.     He  is  a  member  of  Gate  of  the  Temple 
Chapter,  R.  .\.  M.,  and  of  Clinton  Commandery  No.  14,  Knights  Templar.     In  the  Scottish  rite  he  has  advanced 
to  the  32°  and  he  is  also  a  noble  of  Kismet  Temple, 
Nobles  of  the  Mystic  Shrine,  a  member  of  the  Aurora 
Grata  Club,  the  Northwestern  Masonic  Association  and 
the    Council    Bluffs,  la..  Knights    Templars    Masonic 
Association.  He  is  a  charter  member  of  Gilbert  Coun- 
cil, Royal  Arcanum,  National  Provident  Union,  Ameri 
can  Legion  of   Honor,  Order  of   the  World,  United 
States  Accident  Association  and  Atlantic  Lodge,  Inde- 
pendent Order  of  Odd  Fellows.       On  November  27, 
1877,  he  married  Miss  Gussie    M.  Taylor,  of    Brook- 
lyn, at  Amityville,  L.  I.     He  was  born  in  Brooklyn  on 
October  28,  1855,  and  was  educated  at  public  school 
No.  I.     His  home  is  at  204  Schermerhorn  street. 

A  descendant  of  that  sturdy  Anglo-Sa.xon  race 
which  has  attained  to  the  highest  plane  of  physical 
development  in  the  bracing  climate  of  Canada,  J. 
Austin  Shaw  is  an  admirable  type  of  that  great  class 
of  the  population  whose  members  have  become  citi- 
zens by  adoption.  He  was  born  at  Oshawa,  Ontario, 
in  1850,  and  attended  the  public  schools  in  his  native 
town  until  the  age  of  fifteen,  when  he  was  licensed  as 
a  teacher.  For  five  years  he  was  engaged  in  instruct- 
ing Canadian  youth,  and  at   the   same    time  prepared 

himself  for  college 
under  private  tu- 
ition. In  1871  he 
moved  to  Toronto, 
and  laid  the  founda- 
tion of  the  nursery  business  which  he  has  since  pursued  and  enlarged 
until  its  proportions  are  equal  to  those  of  any  other  similar  enterprise 
in  the  state  of  New  York.  In  1880  he  removed  to  Rochester,  and  in 
18S8  to  Brooklyn,  where  he  has  established  his  main  office  and  where,  in 
1890,  he  added  the  business  of  a  florist  to  that  of  nurseryman.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Lincoln  Club,  the  Royal  Arcanum  and  the  Franklin 
Literary  Society. 

Robert  B.  Shimer  was  born  in  Warren  County,  N.  J.,  on  April  11, 
1837.  He  was  the  son  of  a  prosperous  farmer  of  that  district,  and  his 
early  life  was  spent  on  the  farm  and  in  a  country  school,  near  Easton,  Pa., 
where  he  was  educated.  After  leaving  school  he  became  a  clerk  in  a 
drygoods  store  in  Easton.  He  soon  migrated  to  New  York  and  entered 
the  employment  of  Stewart  &  Mettler,  a  wholesale  grocery  firm,  doing 


Frank  S.  Henderson. 


J.  Austin  Shaw. 


SOCIAL   CLUBS    AND    SOCIAL   LIFE. 


8S5 


Robert  B.  Shimer. 


business  at  64  Dey  street.  He  remained  in  tliis  posi- 
tion four  years  and  then  left  New  Yorlv  for  Pliiladel- 
pliia,  where  he  worked  two  years  in  a  general  notion 
store.  From  Philadelphia  he  went  to  White  Haven, 
Luzerne  County,  Pa.,  and  formed  the  firm  of  Sharpe 
&  Shimer,  engaged  in  lumber  finishing.  After  some- 
what varied  experiences  in  that  region  he  returned 
to  New  York  and  became  a  clerk  in  the  poultry  trade 
with  Hillier,  Case  &  Co.  In  1881  he  came  to  Brook- 
lyn, where  he  has  since  lived.  His  next  position  was 
that  of  a  salesman  with  Drew  &  French,  with  whom  he 
remained  three  years.  Then  he  joined  the  firm  of 
Borum  &  Miles  on  a  salary  and  with  a  share  of  the 
profits.  In  i860  he  formed  the  firm  of  Gould  &  Shinier, 
poultry  merchants,  to  which  the  present  firm  of  Robert 
B.  Shimer  &  Co.,  of  New  York,  is  the  successor.  He 
married  Miss  Charlotte  E.  Christie,  of  Paterson,  N.  L, 
on  November  2,  1876.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the 
Jjincoln  Club  six  years.  He  was  one  of  the  members 
of  the  L^nion  League  Club  when  that  organization 
was  founded.  In  politics  he  is  a  l^epublican  and  a 
staunch  upholder  of  his  party. 

Frederick  H.  Parsons  has  resided  in  the  seventh 
ward  from  the  time  when  he  came  to  Brooklyn  with 
his  parents,  excepting  a  brief  period  when  he  was  in 
Europe.     His  home  is  at  193  Lefferts  place.     Being  an 

enthusiast  in  regard  to  physical  culture  he  is  a  member  of  the  Crescent  Athletic  Club,  of  Brooklyn,  and  the 

Manhattan  Athletic  Club,  of  New  York  city;  and  by  reason  of  his  business  afifiliations  as  a  fire  insurance 

broker  he  is  a  member  of  the  Insurance  Club,  in  which  organization  he  is  prominently  active.    From  Buffalo, 

where  he  was  born  on  April   10,  1853,  he  was  taken  by  his  parents  to  Union    City,  Pa.,  in  1861.      They 

remained  there  until  1864,  when  they  came  to  Brooklyn,  and  he  attended  public  school  No.  3,  from  which  he 

went  to  the  Adelphi  Academy,  where  he  was  graduated  in  1868.     His  intention  was  to  make  architecture  his 

profession,  and  he  pursued  the  study  of  his  chosen  art 

in  Europe  for  some  time,  but  his  health  being  impaired 

he  returned  to  Brooklyn  and  obtained  employment  in 

the  house  of  James  Sonneborn  &  Co.,  a  firm  engaged 

in  the  export  of  petroleum,     hi  1874  he  went  into  fire 

insurance  brokerage,  making  a  speciality  of  what  are 

known  as  petroleum  risks,  and  this  branch  of  insurance 

has  been  retained  as  a  feature  in  his  business.     He  is 

a  man  of  executive  ability,  and  possesses  a  talent  for 

organization  which  was  displayed  in  the  formation  of 

the  Alliance  Insurance  Association  in   1887.     He  was 

president  of  the  company  for  a  short  time  pending  the 

election  of  a  regular  underwriter  to  that  position,  and 

he  was  president  of  the  Metropolitan  Board  of  Fire 

Insurance  Brokers,  which  was  formed  about  the  same 

time,  holding  the  office  from  1888  until  1890,  inclusive. 

In   1878  he  married    Miss  Lina  Moore,  of  Brooklyn, 

who  bore  one  son,  his  only  child  ;  she   died   about  a 

year   later.     He  married   Miss   Anna   Lounsberry,   of 

Brooklyn,  in  1881.     He  is  active  in  the  local  affairs  of 

the  city,  and  is  a  Republican  in  politics. 

Cornwall,  England,  was  the  birthplace  of  William 

Westlake,  a  resident  of   Brooklyn  and    one    of   the 

largest  inventors  of  railway  appliances  in  this  country. 

His  father  was   an    ironmonger,  whitesmith,  and    tin 

plate  worker.     At  the  age  of  sixteen   Wm.  Westlake 

came  with  his  parents  to  the  United  States,  and  located 


Frederick  H.  Parsons. 


886 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


William  Westlake. 


in  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  wliere  his  father  died  two  weeks 
after  their  arrival;  the  care  and  suijport  of  his  mother 
and  SIX  children  thus  devolved  upon  him.  He  imme- 
diately sought  and  obtained  employment  as  a  "roller- 
boy  "  in  the  office  of  the  Evening  Wisconsin,  and  made 
some  e.xtra  money  by  sawing  wood.  He  next  bound 
himself  as  an  apprentice  to  I.  S.  Pardee,  and  it  was 
while  with  the  latter  that  he  invented  his  famous  loose 
globe  railway  lantern  which  is  now  in  use  all  over  the 
world,  and  which  has  since  made  a  dozen  or  more  men 
rich.  In  1857  he  entered  the  employ  of  what  is  now 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  I\uil  Railway,  where  he 
conceived  and  invented  the  "  Westlake  Ventilating 
Car  Heater."  He  has  taken  out  one  hundred  letters 
patent,  and  those  only  on  his  most  useful  and  profit- 
able inventions.  In  1S77  he  established  himself  in 
business  in  New  York,  and  from  that  time  his  exer- 
tions were  crowned  with  success.  In  18S3  he  retired 
from  active  business,  although  he  continues  to  devote 
much  of  his  time  to  making  new  discoveries.  He  has 
recently  perfected  a  system  on  which  he  has  been  ex- 
perimenting for  five  years  for  burning  soft  coal  with- 
out smoke.  He  is  an  influential  and  public  spirited 
citizen,  and  has  many  ardent  friends  in  the  Lincoln 
Club,  of  which  he  is  a  trustee. 

Jay  Stone,  chief  clerk  of  the  permanent  board  of 
engineers,  U.  S.  A.,  in  New  York  city,  is  a  conspicuous  member  of  the  club.  He  was  born  in  New  York  city 
on  July  20,  1851,  and  was  educated  at  the  city's  public  schools.  He  went  west  soon  after  leaving  school 
and  became  attached  to  General  Terry's  headquarters,  of  the  military  department  of  Dakota,  at  St.  Paul, 
Minn.,  as  chief  clerk  of  the  judge  advocate's  office.  He  remained  in  the  department  of  Dakota  from  1872 
until  1881,  serving  in  1877  as  secretary  of  the  Sitting  Bull  Indian  commission,  which  went  into  the  British 
possessions  after  the  massacre  of  General  Custer.  In  18S1  he  went  to  Washington  and  was  assigned  to 
duty  in  the  war  department,  being  appointed  chief  of  the  correspondence  division  of  that  department  on 
July  3,  1882.  In  1887  he  came  to  Brooklyn  to  live,  and  entered  upon  the  work  of  chief  clerk  of  the  board 
of  engineers  on  fortifications  and  river  and  harbor  improvements  in  New  York  city.  The  assassination  of 
President  Garfield  took  place  during  his  residence  in  Washington,  and  he  was  one  of  the  attendants  at  the 
White  House  during  the  night  of  that  fatal  day.  He  also  had  charge  of  the  telegraphic  correspondence  at 
Elberon,  N.  T.,at  the  time  of  the  president's  death.  While  in  Washington  he  acted  as  private  secretary  to 
secretaries  of  war  Alexander  Ramsay,  Robert  T.  Lincoln  and  William  C.  Endicott. 

William  G.  Crea:\ier,  who  has  been  a  resident  of  Brooklyn  for  many  years,  is  an  inventor  of  railroad 
appliances.  He  was  born  in  Hunterdon  County,  N.  J.,  on  November  26,  1821,  and  educated  at  Hartwick 
Seminary  in  Otsego  County,  N.  Y.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  engaged  in  business  as  a  dealer  in  stoves  and 
tinware  at  Perth  Amboy,  N.  J.,  but  shortly  afterward  removed  to  Paterson,  N.  J.,  where  he  continued  in  the 
same  business  until  he  moved  to  Birmingham,  Conn.,  in  1845,  and  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  cotton 
yarns.  In  1S50  he  went  to  New  Haven  and  engaged  in  the  range,  stove  and  heater  trade  ;  three  years  later 
he  moved  this  business  to  New  York  and  lived  there  until  i860,  when  he  became  a  citizen  of  Brooklyn.  In 
1857  Mr.  Creamer  invented  a  safety  brake  for  railroad  trains,  and  shortly  after  he  perfected  an  arrangement 
whereby  the  engineer  was  given  complete  control  over  all  the  brakes  of  the  trains  and  enabled  to  operate 
them  simultaneously.  Since  i860  he  has  been  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  various  apparatus  for  rail- 
roads. In  1869  he  established  a  factory  in  Brooklyn  on  the  block  bounded  by  Court,  Smith  and  Creamer 
streets.  The  last  having  received  its  name  in  honor  of  Mr.  Creamer.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Long  Island 
Historical  Society,  and  in  January,  1892,  was  elected  treasurer  of  the  New  England  Society,  of  which  he  has 
been  a  member  since  its  organization. 

Frank  Sittig  has  been  a  resident  of  Brooklyn  for  twelve  years,  and  a  member  of  the  Lincoln  Club 
since  1887.  He  was  the  captain  of  the  club's  bowling  team  that  captured  the  inter-club  prize  in  the  season 
of  1890-91.  He  is  also  the  vice-president  of  the  Florence  Dramatic  Association.  He  was  born  in  New 
York  city  on  April  24,  1S52,  and  received  his  education  in  private  schools.  In  1S65  he  entered  a  wholesale 
grocery  store  as  clerk,  and  has  been  identified  with  that  trade  since  that  time.  In  1872  he  became  a  mem- 
ber of  the  firm  of  R.  C.  Williams  &  Co.,  wholesale  grocers,  of  New  York. 


SOCIAL   CLUBS    AND    SOCIAL    LIFE. 


887 


Hanover  Club  House,  Bedford  Avenue  and  Rodney  Street. 


THE  HANOVER  CLUB. 

For  several  years  prior  to  1890  the  residents  of  the  Eastern  District  had  considered  the  question  of 
starting  a  first-class  social  club,  but  nothing  definite  had  been  done.  The  Hanover  Club  was  an  almost 
impromptu  result.  Millard  F.  Smith,  who  was  one  of  those  who  had  discussed  the  matter,  obtained  an 
option  on  the  Hawley  mansion,  which  was  one  of  the  most  comfortable^  commodious  and  substantial  struc- 
tures in  the  Eastern  District.  It  was  peculiarly  adapted  for  club  purposes,  and  although  the  property  had 
originally  cost  over  $70,000,  Mr.  Smith  had  a  ten-days'  option  at  $27,500.  In  the  spring  of  the  year  named 
the  proposition  was  discussed  by  a  few  well-known  men,  and  an  invitation  was  sent  out  on  March  5  for  a 
meeting  in  the  evening  of  March  7,  to  discuss  a  project  for  the  organization  of  an  Eastern  District  club. 
The  call  was  signed  by  Andrew  D.  Baird,  F.  W.  Wurster,  Charles  Cooper,  William  C.  Bryant,  Henry  Seibert, 
Charles  H.  Russell,  Dr.  A.  C.  Hallam,  E.  B.  Havens,  Warren  E.  Smith,  H.  G.  Taylor,  Charles  Fox,  B.  E. 
Veatch,  J.  A.  Peterkin,  Millard  F.  Smith,  James  A.  Sperry  and  Louis  Conrad.  About  seventy-five  gentle- 
men were  present  at  the  meeting,  and  it  was  decided  to  organize  under  the  name  of  the  Hanover  Club  and 
to  purchase  the  property,  which  is  on  the  corner  of  Bedford  avenue  and  Rodney  street.  A  purchasing  com- 
mittee with  Colonel  A.  D.  Baird  as  chairman  was  named,  and  on  the  following  day  $500  was  paid  toward  the 
purchase  price.  The  second  meeting  was  held  on  March  18,  when  a  set  of  by-laws,  proposed  by  a  commit- 
tee of  which  Mr.  Frank  Sperry  was  chairman,  was  adopted,  and  articles  of  incorporation  were  signed.  Mr. 
Benjamin  D.  Bacon  presided,  and  Mr.  James  A.  Sperry  recorded.  Andrew  D.  Baird,  Millard  F.  Smith,  John 
Cartledge,  J.  Adolph  Mollenhauer,  William  Donald,  Benjamin  D.  Bacon,  William  C.  Bryant,  E.  B.  Havens, 
Mathew  Dean,  Henry  Hasler,  Edwin  Knowles,  Frederick  W.  Wurster,  J.  Henry  Dick,  A.  C.  Hallam  and  H. 
F.  Gunnison  were  chosen  as  directors.  Subsequently  Robert  P.  Lethbridge  was  elected  in  place  of  John 
Cartledge,  and  James  D.  Bell  in  place  of  William  Donald,  both  of  whom  had  resigned.  The  Board  elected 
as  officers  of  the  club  :  William  C.  Bryant,  president  ;  A.  C.  Hallam,  vice-president  ;  H.  F.  Gunnison,  secre- 
tary ;  Millard  F.  Smith,  treasurer.  It  was  decided  to  build  an  extension  to  the  Hawley  house  and  to  thor- 
oughly remodel  the  old  building.  P.  J.  Lauritzen  was  selected  as  the  architect.  The  building  committee 
having  in  charge  the  enlargement  of  the  club  house  consisted  of  Andrew  D.  Baird,  J.  Adolph  Mollenhauer, 
A.  C.  Hallam  and  Millard  F.  Smith.  The  furnishing  committee  consisted  of  Edwin  Knowles,  Henry  Hasler, 
R.  P.  Lethbridge  and  E.  B.  Havens.  The  membership  steadily  increased,  and  the  work  on  the  building  was 
carried  on  with  all  possible  energy.  On  January  ig,  1891,  the  club  house  was  formally  opened.  The  club, 
with  a  membership  of  over  four  hundred,  immediately  entered  upon  its  prosperous  career.  The  opening 
reception  was  soon  followed  by  a  brilliant  reception  to  the  ladies.  The  affair  was  a  great  success  and  in 
every  way  creditable  to  the  new  organization.      At  the  first  annual  meeting  the  directors,  with  one  or  two 


ggg  THE    EACiLE   AND    BROOKLYN. 

exceptions,  were  reelected,  and  the  same  officers  were  unanimously  asked  to  serve  another  year.  At  the 
Kecund  annual  meeting  held  in  March,  1S92,  the  officers  retired  voluntarily,  and  the  following  members 
were  elected  as  their  successors  :  Frederick  W.  Wurster,  president;  J.  Henry  Dick,  vice-president;  John  W. 
Hesse,  secretary  ;  Andrew  1).  Baird,  treasurer.  The  following  are  the  directors  :  F.  AV.  Wurster,  J.  Henry 
Dick,  lohn  \V.  Hesse,  A.  D.  Baird,  William  C.  Bryant,  James  D.  Bell,  Benjamin  D.  Bacon,  Charles  H.  Bailey, 
L.  I.  Busby,  Edwin  Knowles,  William  Krumbeck,  Millard  F.  Smith,  J.  Adolph  Mollenhauer,  George  T.  Moon 
and  George  W.  AA'eeks. 

Already  in  its  brief  history  the  Hanover  Club  has  stepped  to  a  place  well  to  the  front  among  the  clubs 
of  Brooklyn.  It  numbers  among  its  members  some  of  the  best  known  and  most  influential  men  in  the  city, 
and  is  fortunate  in  having  a  club  house  admirably  located  and  well  adapted  for  the  purposes  of  a  social 
organization.  The  bUliard  room  is  one  of  the  handsomest  in  the  city.  The  bowling  alleys  are  well 
equipped,  and  largely  patronized  l)y  the  members.  .\  very  popular  feature  has  been  the  admission  of  ladies 
to  the  cafe.  This  has  been  a  privilege  greatly  appreciated  by  the  members,  and  has  had  much  to  do  with 
the  success  of  the  club.  There  is  a  private  entrance  on  Rodney  street  leading  to  a  well-furnished  ladies' 
parlor  adjoining  the  restaurant.  The  ladies  are  given  the  privilege  of  the  bowling  alleys  in  the  afternoon. 
Entertainments,  lectures,  receptions,  theatre  parties  have  been  given  by  the  club  from  time  to  time.  Inter- 
est in  the  organization  has  not  been  permitted  to  lag,  but  on  the  contrary  there  has  been  no  lack  of  energy 
or  work  on  the  part  of  the  officers  and  the  several  committees.  Financially  the  club  is  in  excellent  condi- 
tion ;  the  annual  dues  have  been  raised  from  $24  to  $36,  the  initiation  fee  of  $25  remaining  as  at  the  outset. 


Frederick  W.  Wurster. 

Frederick  W.  Wursif.r,  president  of  the  club,  is  the  son  of  people  who  came  from  Germany  about 
sixty  years  ago  and  settled  at  Plymouth,  North  Carolina.  He  was  born  there  on  April  i  1850.  When  he 
was  seven  years  old  his  parents  came  to  Brooklyn,  where  their  son  has  lived  ever  since.  His  education  was 
concluded  by  his  graduation  fr(.)m  public  school  No.  16  m  this  citv,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty  he  went  into 
trade,  establishing  later  a  manufactory  of  iron  springs  and  axles  at  375  Kent  avenue,  and  a  foundry 
at  the  corner  of  Rodney  and  Ainslie  streets,  both  of  which  are  under  his  exclusive  control.  He  is  a  repub- 
lican, and,  although  not  an  active  politician,  he  presided  over  the  Nineteenth  Ward  Republican  Association 
in  1887  and  1888.  For  nine  years  he  has  been  a  director  of  the  Manufacturers'  National  Bank.  He  was 
one  of  the  incorporators  and  is  a  trustee  of  the  Nassau  Trust  Company,  a  trustee  of  the  Kings  County 
Building  and  Loan  Association,  vice-president  and  acting-president  of  the  Spring  and  Axle  Association  of 
the  United  States,  and  a  trustee  of  the  Ross  Street  Presbyterian  Church.  He  is  fond  of  society,  and  prior 
to  his  election  to  the  chief  office  m  the  Hanover  Club  was  president  of  the  Windsor  Club.     His  taste  for  ar-t 


SOCIAL   CLUBS    AND    SOCIAL    LIFE. 


889 


and  music  has  been  highly  cultivated,  and  his  home  at  170  Rodney  street  contains  a  number  of  costly  paint- 
ings, including  some  of  the  best  examples  of  the  work  of  modern  masters  ever  brought  to  Brooklyn.  His 
fondness  for  out-door  recreation  includes  a  keen  appreciation  of  the  sport  of  angling,  and  much  of  his 
leisure  in  the  summer  is  spent  in  pursuit  of  this  amusement.  He  is  a  lover  of  horses,  and  has  been  an 
extensive  traveler.     On  September  15,  1874,  he  married  Miss  Emilie  Scheig. 

John  Henry  Dick,  vice-president  and  one  of  the  incorporators  of  the  club,  is  the  son  of  William  Dick, 
the  millionaire  sugar  refiner,  and  is  known  as  a  member  of  several  prominent  clubs,  and  a  lover  of  athletic- 
sports.  He  was  born  in  New  York  city,  February  22,  1851.  He  received  his  early  education  at  Stamford, 
Conn.,  and  later  attended  the  Bryant  and  Stratton 
Business  College,  in  this  city.  After  leaving  school  he 
was  employed  by  his  father — then  senior  member  of 
the  firm  of  Dick  &  Meyer — in  the  firm's  sugar  refinery 
in  the  Eastern  District  ;  he  became  secretary  of  the 
Dick  &  Meyer  Company,  which  post  he  held  until  the 
burning  of  the  refinery  on  September  7,  1889.  He  is 
secretary  of  the  Dick  &  Meyer  Sugar  Trust,  and  is 
interested  in  the  Mollenhauer  Sugar  Refining  Com- 
pany. He  married  Miss  Julia  T.  Mollenhauer  on 
November  24,  1886  ;  they  have  one  son  and  two  daugh- 
ters. A  democrat  in  politics,  he  has  never  sought 
political  recognition.  Many  of  the  institutions  in  the 
Eastern  District,  in  which  part  of  the  city  he  has  his 
home,  enlist  his  interest ;  he  is  a  director  of  the 
-A-mphion  Academy,  and  of  the  Brooklyn  Throat  Hos- 
pital. He  is  an  expert  bowler,  and  was  captain  of  the 
Hanover  team  in  the  inter-club  league.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Germania  Club,  of  Brooklyn,  and  of  the 
Manhattan  Club,  of  New  York.  He  is  an  active  mem- 
ber of  the  Lutheran  church.  His  summer  residence 
at  Islip,  L.  I.,  affords  him  an  opportunity  for  field 
sports  in  their  season. 

Colonel  Andrew  D.  Baird  has  taken  an  import- 
ant part  in  assuring  the  success  of  the  Hanover  Club, 
and  was  its  first  president.  He  was  born  in  Kelso, 
Roxburyshire,  Scotland,  on  October  14,  1839,  and 
attended   school  in  his  native   town  until   his   tenth  ^""^  ^™^^  ^^'^'^■ 

year,  when  he  began  work  on  a  farm.  In  1853  his  parents  came  to  this  country,  landing  in  New  York 
on  July  4.  Their  first  home  was  in  the  Eastern  District,  on  the  corner  of  Division  avenue  and  Second 
street.  Andrew  was  apprenticed  to  a  blacksmith,  with  whom  he  worked  for  ten  months,  leaving  his 
employer  at  the  expiration  of  that  time  to  learn  the  stone-cutting  trade  with  the  firm  of  Gill  Brothers.  This 
was  his  occupation  until  his  enlistment  as  a  private  in  the  79th  N.  Y.  Highlanders,  on  May  13,  1861.  He 
was  present  at  the  first  battle  of  Bull  Run,  and  at  the  termination  of  the  engagement  was  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  sergeant  ;  for  his  good  service  at  Beaufort,  South  Carolina,  he  was  made  a  second  lieutenant ;  and 
after  the  battle  of  Chantilly  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  first  lieutenant.  At  Chantilly  he  was  severely 
wounded  ;  the  bullet  remaining  in  his  body  ever  since,  but  causing  him  no  subsequent  suffering  or  incon- 
venience. In  1868  he  received  a  captain's  commission.  From  the  Vicksburg  campaign  until  the  sur- 
render of  Lee,  he  served  under  General  Grant,  as  major,  brevet  lieutenant-colonel  and  brevet  colonel, 
receiving  his  promotion  through  special  orders  from  the  war  department  for  bravery  on  the  field  and 
meritorious  conduct  in  camp.  He  commanded  his  regiment  from  May,  1S64,  until  July,  1865.  Through- 
out the  war  the  Seventy-ninth  was  continuously  doing  active  duty,  and  Colonel  Baird  performed  gallant 
service  in  every  engagement  ;  taking  part  in  about  forty-five  battles  and  receiving  three  wounds.  Return- 
ing to  Brooklyn  in  1867,  he  formed  a  partnership  in  a  stone-cutting  business  with  Robinson  Gill  ;  conduct- 
ing his  work  in  the  yard  where  his  apprenticeship  was  served.  He  is  a  Republican  and  was  alderman  from 
the  nineteenth  ward  for  three  consecutive  terms,  from  1876  until  1880.  His  majority  when  he  was  first 
elected  was  498,  although  Tilden  carried  the  ward  in  the  presidential  contest  of  that  year  by  152  votes.  He 
was  twice  re-elected,  defeating  Frederick  Kronenburgh  by  a  majority  of  980  and  James  Winters  by  1,800. 
While  in  the  board  of  aldermen,  he  was  chosen  to  be  leader  of  his  Republican  colleagues,  but  he  acted  accord- 
ing to  his  convictions,  irrespective  of  the  demands  of  party  or  clique,  and  was  the  only  Republican  v/ho 
voted  against  the  combination  of  his  political  friends  and  opponents,  which  was  made  during  Mayor  Howell's 


CoLONKL  Andrew  D.  Baird. 

administration,  for  the  purpose  of  placing  Frederick  Massey  and  Jacob  Worth  in  the  department  of  city 
works  ;  he  voted  against  the  Bond  elevated  railroad  scheme,  and  against  the  extravagant  expenditure  of 
public  funds  in  the  construction  of  water  mains  ;  and  he  was  one  of  Mayor  Low's  most  trusted  advisers  and 
supporters  in  every  reformatory  measure  undertaken  by  that  official.  In  1885,  although  he  was  the  unani- 
mous choice  of  his  party  for  mayor,  he  gracefully  withdrew  in  favor  of  an  independent  candidate.  His 
action  met  with  such  general  commendation  that  there  was  no  dissentmg  voice  raised  when  the  Republicans 
placed  him  in  nomination  in  1887  and  again  in  1889,  for  the  chief  office  of  the  municipal  government.  In 
1890  he  declined  the  postmastership  of  Brooklyn,  offered  to  him  by  President  Harrison.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Union  League  Club,  a  trustee  of  the  Nassau  Trust  Company,  the  Kings  County  Trust  Company  and  the 
Williamsburgh  Savings  Bank,  the  Brooklyn  Throat  Hospital,  the  Eastern  District  Industrial  School  and  the 
Ross  Street  Presbyterian  Church  ;  and  a  director  of  the  Manufacturers'  National  Bank  and  the  Twenty- 
sixth  Ward  Bank.  One  of  the  most  sociable  and  most  popular  citizens  of  the  Eastern  District,  his  benevo- 
lences are  extensive,  and  to  his  kindness  more  than  one  man  owes  his  success  in  life.  He  occupies  a 
handsome  house  at  140  Hewes  street.  His  stone  yards,  which  are  among  the  largest  in  the  United  States, 
are  located  on  Wythe  and  Kent  avenues.  On  July  9,  1866,  he  married  Miss  Mary  Warner  of  this  city.  She 
died  in  1874,  leaving  three  children;  and  on  February  22,  1882,  he  married  Miss  Catherine  Lamb  of  Brooklyn. 
Andrew  R.  Baird,  son  of  Colonel  Andrew  D.  Baird,  was  born  in  Brooklyn  on  June  9,  1867.  His 
education  was  acquired  at  public  school  No.  16,  with  a  subsequent  course  of  study  at  Wright's  Business 
College — from  which  he  was  graduated  with  high  credit.  In  1885  he  was  engaged  in  his  father's  stone- 
cutting  establishment,  at  the  corner  of  Keap  street  and  AVythe  avenue,  and  he  soon  became  a  partner.  He 
retains  his  interest  in  that  business  and  conducts  another  yard,  at  the  corner  of  Hooper  street  and  Wythe 
avenue,  where  he  makes  a  specialty  of  handling  blue  stone.  He  is  interested  as  a  partner  in  the  firm  of 
Harold  &  Co.,  tailors,  of  New  York.  On  September  6,  1889,  he  married  i\Iiss  Mary  I.  Fitzgerald,  who  died 
after  a  few  months  of  wedded  life  ;  on  December  10,  1891,  he  married  Miss  Lizzie  C.  Bellows  of  Brooklyn. 
He  maintains  a  keen  interest  in  all  that  conduces  to  the  prosperity  of  Brooklyn  and  is  an  earnest  worker 
in  any  project  tending  in  that  direction.  The  son  of  a  man  who  has  twice  been  the  Republican  candidate 
for  mayor  of  our  city,  it  is  natural  that  he  should  remain  staunchly  loyal  to  the  same  political  faith.     He 


SOCIAL    CLUBS   AND    SOCL\L    LIFE. 


891 


was  formerly  an  active  member  of  the  Nineteenth  Ward  Republican  Association  and  is  now  a  member  of  a 
similar  organization  ,n  the  twenty-fifth  ward.  He  >s  a  popular  member  of  the  Union  League  and  Home 
clubs,  the  Amph.on  Musical   Society,  the  Seawanhaka  Boat  Club,  and   the  Middletown   Club    of    Con- 


necticut.  He  is  quartermaster  of  the  47th  Regiment,  N.  G.,  S.  N.  Y.  Thoroughbred  horses,  athletics 
and  various  forms  of  out-door  sports  have  a  strong  attraction  for  him,  but  his  business  prevents  him  from 
indulging  his  tastes  very  freely. 

LuDwiG  NisSEN  is  a  scion  of  an  old  and  honorable  family,  one  branch  of  which  gave  to  Denmark  her 
celebrated  statesman,  George  Nicholas  Von  Nissen  ;  while  his  mother's  ancestors,  under  the  name  of  Von 
Dawartzky,  ranked  high  among  the  old  Polish  nobility.  Ludwig  Nissen  was  born  in  Husum,  Schleswig- 
Holstein,  on  December  2,  1855,  and  after  acquiring  his  education  at  the  public  schools  of  Husum  he  occupied, 
for  a  short  time,  a  position,  as  assistant-secretary  of  the  Imperial  District  Court  of  Schleswig-Holsteiu. 
Imbued  with  a  desire  to  enjoy  more  liberty  than  his  fatherland  allowed  its  children,  he  decided  to  come  to 
America.  He  landed  in  New  York  on  September  11,  1872.  He  had  no  friends  here,  and  all  the  money  he 
had  was  about  two  dollars  and  fifty  cents  ;  nor  was  he  able  to  speak  English.  Attacking  the  problem  of 
life  courageously,  he  turned  his  hand  to  whatever  he  found,  and  previous  to  his  final  success,  found  occu- 
pation with  a  barber,  served  as  a  hotel  book-keeper  and  manager;  started  for  himself  as  a  butcher,  conducted 
successfully  a  restaurant,  lost  $5,000  in  the  wine  business  through  the  mistakes  of  a  partner,  and  found  him- 
self in  debt,  but  with  life  still  before  him.  On  May  i,  1881,  Mr.  Nissen,  with  a  Mr.  Schilling,  established  a 
small  jewelry  firm,  known  as  Schilling  &  Nissen,  at  51  Nassau  street.  New  York.  The  business  was 
thoroughly  congenial  to  Mr.  Nissen's  tastes,  and  ever  since  he  has  devoted  his  whole  energy  to  its  advance- 
ment. Trade  increased  gradually  until,  at  the  end  of  two  years,  the  ability  of  his  partner  as  a  successful 
manager  was  so  fully  recognized  by  Mr.  Schilling  that  the  firm  was  reorganized  under  the  title  of  Ludwig 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 

592 

Nissen  &  Co.  In  18S5  the  firm  removed  to  larger  quarters  at  18  John  street,  where  it  is  still  located.  At 
the  expiration  of  five  years  Mr.  Nissen  purchased  his  partner's  interest  and  associated  A.  C.  Chase,  a  former 
Brooklynite,  in  the  business  with  himself.  Mr.  Nissen  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  leading  diamond  mer- 
chants in  the  United  States,  and  so  potent  has  his  influence  become  in  certain  circles  that  the  New  York 
Jewelers'  Association,  composed  of  sixty  members,  representing  about  $20,000,000  of  aggregate  capital,  has 
for  the  past  two  years  unanimously  chosen  him  as  its  treasurer  ;  and  in  January,  1892,  he  was  sent  to  Albany 
as  chairman  of  a  jewelers'  committee,  composed,  besides  himself,  of  Charles  L.  Tiffany  and  Joseph  Fahys. 


The  purpose  of  the  committee  was  to  appear  in  company  with  other  trade  representatives  and  argue  before 
the  senate  committee  the  necessity  of  increasing  the  state  appropriation  for  the  Columbian  Exposition  from 
$300,000  to  $500,000.     He  acquitted  himself  so  ably  on  that  occasion  that  his  address  was  one  of  the  two 
that  were  published  from  among  the  many  delivered.     His  trade  is  indebted  to  his  vigorous  efforts  for  a 
marked  decrease  in  the  amount  of  diamond  thievery,  to  which  the  customs  of  the  trade  render  these  mer- 
chants peculiarly  liable.     His  prosecutions  of  noted  diamond  thieves  have  been  effective.     On  December 
27,  18S2,  Mr.  Nissen  married  Miss  Katie  Quick,  of  New  York  city.     They  became  residents  of  Brooklyn 
in  March,  1886,  and  have  a  refined  and  comfortable  home  at  43  Monroe  street,  which  is  ornamented  by 
works  of  art  of  great  merit,  collected  with  studious  care  both  in  this  country  and  in  Europe.     Mr.  Nissen 
has  been  a  member  of  the  Hanover  Club's  entertainment  committee  since  the  organization  of  the  club  ;  he 
is  a  director  of  the  Aurora  Grata,  the  Brooklyn  and  the  Germania  clubs,  and  of  the  Amateur  Opera  Asso- 
ciation ;  he  is  a  Scottish  Rite  Mason  and  a  noble  of  the  Mystic  Shrine.     He  has  lately  been  elected  as  a 
director  of  the  new  Sherman  Bank,  at  the  corner  of  Broadway  and  Eighteenth  street.  New  York,  an  enter- 
prise of  which  he  was  an  incorporator.     His  love  for  out-door  recreation  is  centred  in  a  fondness  for  horses. 
He  has  traveled  a  great  deal,  and  for  some  time  past  has  made  annual  visits  to  Europe. 


SOCIAL   CLUBS    AND    SOCIAL    LIFE. 


893 


Peter  J.  Lauritzen  is  a  man  who  has  enhanced  the  architectural  beauty  of  three  American  cities, 
and  among  some  of  his  most  noteworthy  works  are  the  Peabody  School  in  Washmgton,  budt  when  Mr. 
Lauritzen  was  city  architect;  the  Manhattan  Athletic 
Club,  New  York,  and  the  Union  League  Club,  Brook- 
lyn. This  city  is  also  indebted  to  Mr.  Lauritzen  for 
a  number  of  handsome  office  blocks  and  many  beau- 
tiful residences  built  under  his  personal  supervision. 
His  was  born  in  Jutland,  Denmark,  in  1847,  and  was 
educated  at  the  Polytechnic  school  of  Copenhagen. 
He  completed  a  long  course  of  study  on  architecture 
under  several  famous  professors  and  came  to  this 
country  to  practice  his  profession.  His  first  employ- 
ment was  in  the  office  of  the  supervising  architect  of 
the  United  States  government  under  Mr.  Mullett, 
In  187s  he  was  appointed  city  architect  in  Washing- 
ton, after  successful  competition  for  the  plans  of  the 
Peabody  School.  He  was  consul  at  Washington  for 
the  Danish  government  from  1875  until  1883,  when 
he  removed  to  New  York  and,  recognizing  the  grow- 
ing importance  of  fire-proof  construction,  he  took 
charge  of  the  Jackson  Iron  Works  in  New  York, 
which  he  managed  successfully  for  two  years.  When 
the  trustees  of  the  Manhattan  Athletic  Club  were 
contemplating  the  erection  of  one  of  the  finest  club 
houses  in  the  world,  and  after  a  competition  in  which 
more  than  ten  different  sets  of  drawings  were  offered 
by  prominent  designers,  the  contract  was  awarded 
to  Mr.  Lauritzen  by  the  unanimous  vote  of  the  board 
of  trustees  of  the  club.  Mr.  Lauritzen  met  with  a 
very  serious  loss  two  years  ago  ;  his  office  was  burned 
to  the  ground  and  with  it  he  lost  the  work  of  a  life-time.     The  disaster  was  followed  by  the  purchase 

of  the  office  and  outfit  in  business  of  the  late  Carl 
Pfeiffer.  The  buildings  in  Brooklyn  which  attest  the 
artistic  taste  of  this  eminent  architect  are  many. 
The  Wechsler  block  was  built  according  to  his  de- 
signs ;  and  the  home  of  the  Hanover  Club  is  one  of 
his  creations.  He  is  very  fond  of  out-door  sports, 
and  in  1878  held  the  championship  of  the  world  for 
long  range  rifle  shooting,  winning  this  distinction  in 
a  match  at  Benning's  range  in  the  city  of  Washing- 
ton. During  the  year  1890  he  resided  in  Brooklyn, 
but  he  afterward  removed  to  New  York.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Union  League  and  Manhattan  Ath- 
letic clubs. 

Emilio  PuiG  is  a  native  of  Barcelona,  Spain,  and 
was  born  on  May  24,  1838.  He  received  his  early 
education  there,  and  at  the  age  of  nineteen  went  to 
Porto  Rico  and  engaged  as  clerk  with  a  firm  at  that 
time  carrying  on  an  extensive  trade  between  Spain 
and  Cuba.  In  1857  he  resigned  his  clerkship  at  Porto 
Rico  and  came  to  America,  engaging  in  the  cotton 
trade  at  Charleston,  S.  C,  until  1864,  when  he  changed 
his  business  headquarters  to  New  York,  and  estab- 
lished the  firm  of  E.  Puig  &  Co.  ;  later  the  firm  name 
was  changed  to  Menacho,  Puig  cS:  Co.  Mr.  Puig's 
associates  dying,  he  took  entire  control  of  the  busi- 
ness. Two  years  ago  Charles  F.  Emerson  was  taken 
as  a  partner,  and  the  firm's  name  is  now  Puig  &  Emer- 
son.    In  addition  to  carrying  on  a  large  exporting 


Peter  J.  Lauritzen. 


Emilio  Puig. 


894 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


business,  Puig  &  Emerson  are  the  agents  of  the  PiniUo's  and  the  E.  P.  &  Co.  Steamship  lines,  which  have  a 
large  fleet  of  "vessels  plying  between  Cuba,  Spain  and  the  United  States.  Mr.  Puig  is  a  member  of  the  N.  Y. 
Produce  Exchange,  the  IVIaritime  E.xchange,  the  Spanish  Chamber  of  Commerce  in  New  York,  and  the 
Circulo  Colon  Cervantes,  and  is  a  trustee  of  the  Brooklyn,  E.  D.,  Homoeopathic  Dispensary.  On  January 
14  1865,  Mr.  Puig  married  Miss  Emma  R.  Lincoln,  daughter  of  a  prominent  Herkimer  County,  N.  Y.,  family. 
Immedi'ately  after  the  marriage  they  purchased  a  residence  at  152  Hewes  street,  Brooklyn,  where  they 
have  lived  ever  since.  They  have  one  son  and  three  daughters.  Mr.  Puig  is  one  of  the  executive  com- 
mittee of  the  Amphion  Club,  and  is  active  in  both  that  organization  and  the  Hanover.  He  has  traveled 
e.\tensively,  having  crossed  the  Atlantic  forty-two  times,  and  visited  nearly  every  part  of  the  civilized  world, 
always  accompanied  by  some  member  of  his  family.  He  is  an  admirer  of  art,  and  during  his  travels  he  has 
gathered  a  number  of  costly  European  productions. 
John  MoLLENH.-vuER  is  one  of  the  men  of  Brook- 
lyn who  began  at  the  bottom  round  of  the  ladder  and 
by  perseverance  in  business  has  succeeded  in  reach- 
ing an  enviable  position  in  the  commercial  world. 
He  was  born  in  a  small  hamlet  called  Abersdorf,  in 
Hanover,  Germany,  on  August  13,  1827.  His  ances- 
tors were  extensive  land  owners  and  tillers  of  the 
soil,  and  the  first  fourteen  years  of  his  life  were 
spent  on  his  father's  farm.  Then  he  served  an 
apprenticeship  of  five  years  with  a  dealer  in  general 
merchandise,  and  at  the  request  of  his  employer 
remained  one  year  and  a  half  after  his  time  had 
expired.  In  1848  he  served  his  country  in  the  war 
with  Schleswig-Holstein,  but  after  remaining  in  the 
army  twenty-two  months  he  expressed  a  desire  to 
come  to  America  and  his  former  employer  purchased 
for  him  a  substitute  to  serve  while  the  war  continued. 
Sailing  from  Germany  in  1850  he  landed  in  New 
York  after  a  voyage  of  sixty-six  days.  He  found 
employment  in  a  grocery  store,  and  in  two  years  was 
able,  with  his  savings,  to  establish  himself  in  that 
business.  Six  years  later  he  became  a  dealer  in  ship 
chandlers'  supplies,  and  afterwards  in  wines  and 
liquors,  accumulating  a  fortune  on  which  in  a  few 
years  he  was  satisfied  to  retire.  He  went  abroad 
and  was  absent  until  1869,  when  he  returned  to  the 
United  States  and  made  his  permanent  residence 
in  Brooklyn,  establishing  a  molasses  and  sugar  refinery  at  Kent  avenue  and  Rush  street.  After  twenty 
years  of  active  and  profitable  business  experience  he  retired  and  turned  the  business  over  to  his  two 
oldest  sons,  J.  A.  and  F.  I).  Mollenhauer.  Soon  afterward  the  adoption  of  the  McKinley  bill  caused  a 
depression  in  the  sugar  industry,  and  in  a  very  short  time  Mr.  Mollenhauer  suffered  a  loss  of  about 
$200,000,  having  just  invested  considerable  money  in  new  machinery,  buildings  and  lands  and  other  needed 
improvements.  This  change  in  affairs  necessitated  his  return  to  active  business  life,  and  in  1891  he  organ- 
ized the  Mollenhauer  Sugar  Refining  Company,  with  a  capital  of  $6,000,000,  and  was  selected  as  its  presi- 
dent. The  block  of  buildings  occupied  by  the  plant  has  a  frontage  of  316  feet  on  the  river,  250  feet  on 
Kent  avenue  and  a  depth  of  500  feet.  The  ground,  machinery  and  buildings  represent  an  outlay  of 
$1,000,000.  All  of  the  stock  is  controlled  by  members  of  his  family,  and  with  the  exception  of  one  in  Boston 
this  is  the  only  refinery  not  in  the  sugar  trust.  On  May  7,  1854,  Mr.  Mollenhauer  married  Miss  Dora  Siems. 
There  are  five  children — four  sons  and  one  daughter — all  of  whom  are  married  and  reside  in  Brooklyn.  Mr. 
Mollenhauer  is  fond  of  home  and  its  surroundings  and  the  many  guests  who  partake  of  his  hospitality 
always  carry  away  pleasant  recollections.  He  is  a  public  spirited  citizen  and  has  been  one  of  the  foremost 
promoters  of  many  enterprises  that  have  aided  materially  in  the  progress  of  the  city.  He  was  one  of  the 
first  and  most  active  of  the  Bridge  commissioners,  acted  on  the  executive  committee,  and  is  now  serving  on 
the  finance  committee.  He  is  one  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Dime  Savings  and  the  Manufacturers' 
National  banks,  a  member  of  the  Hanover  and  Merchants'  clubs,  and  for  five  years  has  been  treasurer  of 
Euclid  Lodge,  F.  &  A.  M.     He  is  a  member  of  St.  Peter's  Lutheran  Church,  which  he  helped  to  found. 

J.  Adolph  Mollenhauer  was  one  of  the  incorporators  of  the  Hanover  Club,  in  which  he  is  a  member 
of  the  board  of  directors.      In  the  organization  of  the  Amphion  Singing  Society  he  took  an  active  part; 


John  Mollenhauer. 


SOCIAL   CLUBS   AND    SOCIAL    LIFE. 


895 


J.Adolph  Mollenhauer. 


and  the  location  of   the  Amphion  Academy  on  its 

present  site  is  largely  due    to    his    interest  in  that 

enterprise,  and  his  foresight  in  purchasing  the  old 

Peacock    property  with  the  end  in  view   of  having 

the  Academy  placed  thereon.     He  is  a  life  member 

and  secretary  of  the  Amphion  Academy  Company. 

He  is  the  second  son  of  John  Mollenhauer,  and  was 

born  in  New  York,  on    February  10,   1857.      After 

studying  at  the  public  schools  he  entered  Deghnee 

College  in   187 1,  and  was  graduated  in   1875.       On 

October  2,  1882,  he  married  Miss  Anna  Dick,  only 

daughter  of   J.  H.  Dick,  and  resides  at   156  South 

Ninth  street.     Though  he  has  been  a  busy  man  ever 

since  leaving  college,  he    has   spent   much  time  in 

European  travel  and  also  has  made  extended  trips 

through  this  country.     He  is  extremely  fond  of  out- 
door recreations  ;  is  an  admirer  of  fine  horses,  and 

is  regarded  as  one  of  the  most  graceful  equestrians 

in  the  city.     His  business  life  began  in  his  father's 

sugar  refinery  as  soon  as  he  left  college,  and  he  made 

careful  study  of  the  details  of  the  business,  in  the 

management  of  which  he  eventually  became  inter- 
ested as  a  partner.     In  1887  he  and  his  brother,  F. 

D.  Mollenhauer,  took  entire  control  of  the  immense 

enterprise  which  had  grown  up  under  their  father's 

charge,  and  they  carried  on  the  business  until  1891, 

when  the  Mollenhauer  Sugar  Refining  Company  was 

incorporated.  John  Mollenhauer  is  president  ;   J.  Adolph  Mollenhauer,  vice-president  and  general  manager, 

and  F.  D.  Mollenhauer,  secretary  and  treasurer.     The  plant  furnishes  employment  to  five  hundred  laborers 

and  skilled  mechanics,  and  about  $5,000  is  disbursed  among  them  weekly.     Mr.  Mollenhauer  aided  in  incor- 
porating the  Twenty-sixth  Ward  National  Bank,  of  which  he  is  a  director. 

Marshall  S.  Driggs  is  the  son  of  the  late 
Edmund  Driggs,  whom  he  succeeded  as  the  chief 
executive  of  the  Williamsburgh  City  Fire  Insurance 
Company,  in  1889.  Edmund  Driggs  was,  until  his 
decease,  which  occurred  in  1889,  a  prominent  figure  in 
Brooklyn  and  was  connected  with  many  of  the  city's 
institutions,  both  public  and  private.  The  family  of 
Marshall  S.  Driggs  has  for  generations  been  promi- 
nent in  a  public  way.  His  grandfather,  on  the  ma- 
ternal side,  was  a  captain  of  a  company  of  soldiers 
in  the  revolutionary  war.  Some  members  of  the 
family  distinguished  themselves  by  holding  import- 
ant commissions  in  the  continental  army.  He  re- 
ceived his  education  in  private  schools  in  New  York, 
under  the  instruction  of  George  P.  Quackenbos. 
Afterwards  he  attended  the  Reading  Institute,  Read- 
ing, Conn.  Completing  his  studies  he  entered  the 
offices  of  the  above  named  insurance  company,  which 
had  just  been  organized.  His  first  position  was  that 
of  a  policy  clerk,  and  he  wrote  the  first  policy  ever 
issued  by  the  company.  In  1857  he  was  promoted, 
being  made  assistant  secretary  of  the  company.  After 
holding  this  position  for  some  time  he  resigned  and 
engaged  in  the  warehouse  business,  on  South  street, 
New  York,  where  he  remained  for  thirty-two  years, 
until  his  election  to  the  presidency  of  the  insuranr 
company.  On  December  24,  1857,  he  married  ?■: 
Marshall  S.  Driggs.  Mary  E.  Sanford,  daughter  of  Judge  Aaron  Sanf 


896 


THE    EAGLE    AND   BROOKLYN. 


Kdwin  B.  Havens 


of  Connecticut,  and  a  sister  of  Henry  Sanford,  president  of  the  Adams  Express  Company.     After  a  few 

months  of  wedded  life  his  wife  died  and  he  never  remarried.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Centennial  Baptist 

Church,  in  which  he  takes  an  active  interest.     He  is  very  charitable  to  all  deserving  causes.    In  politics,  he 

is  a  staunch  Democrat,  always  supporting  the  party  nominee. 

EnwiN  B.  Havens  is  a  member  of  a  family  which  was  one  of  the  first 

;  to  settle  on  Shelter  Island,  and  he  was  born  at  Orient,  L.  I.,  on  January  19, 

1847.  He  has  been  a  resident  of  Brooklyn  for  about  twenty-three  years 
and  has  identified  himself  with  the  interests  of  the  city  in  various  ways. 
The  public  schools  of  Orieat  furnished  his  education,  and  having  a  predi- 
lection for  the  sea,  he  spent  a  year  in  the  coasting  trade  after  leaving 
school.  An  apprenticeship  in  the  printing  business  followed  this  experience 
and  was  served  in  the  office  of  the  Greenport  Republican  Watchman.  Another 
year  was  given  to  the  coasting  trade,  and  then  he  obtained  a  position  in  the 
cashier's  department  of  Lord  &  Taylor's  dry  goods  house  in  New  York. 
His  next  employment  was  with  Hatch  &  P'oote,  the  Wall  street  stock 
brokers  and  bankers,  and  after  ten  years'  experience  with  them  he  secured 
a  seat  in  the  Stock  Exchange,  and  has  been,  even  in  times  of  panic,  one 
of  the  strong  men  in  Wall  street.  He  married,  on  October  15,  1870,  Miss 
Maria  E.  Scholes,  daughter  of  Frederick  Scholes.  Three  boys  have  been 
born  to  them,  two  of  whom  are  living.  Besides  being  a  member  and 
director  of  the  Hanover  Club,  he  is  enrolled  in  the  Union  and  Windsor 

clubs,  and  the  Amphion  Musical  Society,  the  Marine  and  Field  Club  and  the  Atlantic  Yacht  Club  of  Brook- 

Ivn  ;  he  was  for  two  years  vice-commodore,  and  is  now  a  trustee  of  the  last  named.     Across  the  river  he  is 

a  member  of  the   New  York  Yacht  Club.      He  is  the  owner  of  the  yacht  "  Athlon,"  and  with  his  family  lives 

aboard  his  yacht  during  the  summer  months.     His  father  is  the  oldest  living  resident  of  Orient,  having 

reached  the  advanced  age  of  88. 

M.ATHEW  Dean  was  born  in  Stamford,  Conn., 

on  April   29,  1838,  and  was  educated  at  the  district  •  -' 

school  of  his  native  town,  where,  in  the  first  half  of 

this  century,  the  educational  facilities  were  extremely 

limited.     At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  came  to  New 

York  and  entered  the  employ  of  Charles  E.  Knapp,  a 

grocer.    With  him  he  remained  about  a  year,  and  then 

entered   the  employ  of  Haley,  Bayer  &  Co.,  dealers 

in  foreign  fruits.     He  held  this  position  for  five  years, 

until   1862,  when    he  engaged   in   the   fruit   business 

in  connection   with   David  N.  Board,  under  the  firm 

name  of  Ijoard  &  Dean,  in  Washington  street.  New 

York.      In    1870    Mr.    Board   retired   from    the   firm, 

leaving  Mr.  Dean  to  conduct  it  alone.    'I'his  he  did  for 

a  year,  and  then  received  W.  H.  Hyberger  as  partner, 

changing  the  firm  name  to   Mathew  Dean  d'  Co.,  the 

style  retained  at  the  present  time.      Mr.   Hyberger 

died  in  1876,  leaving  Mr.  Dean  burdened  again  with 

the  sole  conduct  of  the  business.    He  is  a  member  of 

the   Produce,  the   Mercantile  and   the  Foreign  Fruit 

exchange  of  New  York.     In  1865  he  became  a  citizen 

of  Brooklyn,  in  the  advancement  of  which  city  he  has 

ever  since  been  active.     On   October   20,    1863,   he 

married  Miss  Pauline  H.  France,  daughter  of  a  prom- 
inent commission  merchant  in  New  York.   They  have 

living  four  daughters  and  one  son — James  E.  Dean, 

prominently  connected  with  the  Municipal   Electric 

Light  Company.      He  is  vice-president  of  the  \Vindsor 

Club,   one  of  the  charter  members  and  first  directors  of  the   Hanover  Club,  a  member  of  the  Amphion 

Musical   Society  and  the  Tilden   Club.     In  his  clubs  he  has  always  taken  a  deep  interest  and  has  done 

much  to  promote  their  welfare.     Formerly  he  was  president  of  the  Citizen's  Electric  Illuminating  Company 

of  Brooklyn,  and  is  now  president  of  the  Municipal  Electric  Light  Company.     He  is  a  lover  of  art  and 

music  and  has  been  at  no  little  pains  to  procure  some  of  the  superb  pictures  which  ornament  his  home, 


Matthew  Dean. 


SOCIAL   CLUBS   AND    SOCL\L    LIFE. 


897 


Cornelius  Olcott,  M.  D. 


Cornelius  Olcott,  M.  D.,  who  is  one  of  the 
leading  members  of  the  Hanover,  traces  his  gene- 
alogy back  through  the  early  days  of  colonial  history, 
and  far  into  the  times  when  the  first  Tudor  sover- 
eigns sat  upon  the  English  throne.  In  the  reign  of 
Henry  VII.  John  Alcock— for  so  the  name  was  then 
spelled— held  the  great  seal  of  the  realm  as  Lord 
High  Chancellor.  Like  many  of  his  predecessors 
and  successors  in  the  office  he  combined  ecclesiastical 
with  secular  dignities,  and  became  successively  Dean 
of  Westminster,  Bishop  of  Rochester,  Bishop  of 
Worcester,  Bishop  of  Ely,  Master  of  the  Rolls,  Privy 
Councillor,  Ambassador  to  the  Court  of  Ferdinand 
and  Isabella,  Commissioner  to  Scotland,  Lord  Presi- 
dent of  Wales,  and,  in  1472,  Lord  Chancellor.  He 
was  Comptroller  of  Royal  Works  and  Buildings  ;  he 
beautified  the  episcopal  palace  at  Ely  ;  he  founded 
Jesus  College  at  Cambridge  and  the  public  school  at 
Kingston,  and,  dying  at  Wisbech,  on  October  i,  1,500 
was  buried  in  a  chapel  which  he  himself  had  built 
in  the  cathedral  of  Ely.  Early  in  the  eighteenth 
century  Nathan  Alcock,  another  member  of  the  family, 
was  distinguished  as  a  scholar.  In  1633  it  is  sup- 
posed that  Thomas  Olcott  left  Holland  w  ith  the  little 
company  headed  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  Hooker,  who 
sailed  on  the  "Clriffin,"  presumably  from  Delft,  and 
made  harbor  on  the  New  England  coast  alter  a 
passage  of  eight  weeks.  Thomas  Olcott  first  settled  at  Newton,  Mass.,  and  afterwards  at  Hartford,  Conn., 
where  he  died  in  1654.  His  descendant,  John  Easton  OlcoU,  married  Hannah  Sands,  of  Hempstead, 
L.  I.  Their  son,  the  Rev.  James  S.  Olcott,  was  the  first  of  Jersey  City's  ordained  clergy,  and  through 
his  efforts  the  first  church  was  built  in  that  place  ;  his  wife  was  Sarah  Batcheler,  of  England,  and  of 
their  nine  children  Cornelius  Olcott  was  the  youngest.  He  was  born  in  Jersey  City  on  January  21,  1828, 
and  was  educated  at  academies  in  New  Hope,  Pa.,  and  Lambertsville,  N.  J.  He  began  to  study  medicine  in 
Jersey  City  in  1843,  and  within  si.K  years  was  graduated  from  the  University  of  New  York  with  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Medicine.  In  1 849  he  came  to  Brooklyn  and  practiced  his  profession  with  success,  devoting  himself 
especially  to  surgery  and  acquiring  repute  as  a  skillful  and  fortunate  operator.  When  the  civil  war  began  he 
volunteered  as  a  surgeon  with  the  Union  army  and  served  under  McClellan  at  Fortress  Monroe  and  with 
Burnside  in  the  disastrous  Fredericksburg  camp;iign.  On  his  return  to  Brooklyn  he  resumed  private  practice, 
and  attained  eminence  as  a  family  physician.  In  November,  1874,  he  successfully  performed  the  famous, 
though  infrequent  and  dangerous,  operation  known  as  the  "  cresarian  section,"  and  the  report  of  the  case, 
the  first  successful  one  recorded  in  Brooklyn  or  New  York,  was  afterwards  republished  in  pamphlet  form 
from  the  Amei-ican  Journal  of  Obstetrics.  For  many  years  he  has  been  an  active  member  of  the  Kings 
County  Medical  Society.  He  was  the  first  to  develop  the  summer  resort  at  Greenwood  Lake,  be,ginning  his 
work  there  in  1869  by  the  purchase  of  a  large  tract  of  land  which  he  improved,  with  the  result  that  real 
estate  in  the  neighborhood  rose  rapidly  in  value,  and  a  coterie  of  influential  moneyed  men  in  New  York 
and  New  Jersey  originated  the  Greenwood  Lake  Association,  of  which  he  was  elected  president.  Dr. 
Olcott  married  Miss  Kathenne  M.  Van  Duzer,  daughter  of  James  li.  Van  Duzer,  of  New  York  ;  they  had 
three  children,  of  whom  the  eldest,  Philip  Gordon,  died  in  infancy.  The  second  son,  Charles  Augustus, 
was  graduated  from  Bellevue  in  1875.  The  memory  of  their  daughter,  Ida  Lillian,  or  Lillian  Olcott,  as  she 
was  better  known  before  her  death,  will  be  always  cherished  by  the  .American  public  who  look  upon  her 
histrionic  work  as  a  noble  e.xample  of  native  genius.  Miss  Olcott  distinguished  herself  in  fields  other  than 
those  wherein  her  greatest  triumphs  were  achieved,  and  at  the  age  of  si.xteen  gave  to  English  literature 
an  admirable  translation  of  "  La  Morale  della  Filosofia  Positiva,"  the  chief  work  of  Professor  Giacomo 
Barzellotti,  of  Florence. 

James  A.  T.avlor,  a  son  of  the  late  William  Taylor,  and  the  eldest  of  twelve  children,  was  born  in 
Brooklyn  on  March  9,  1834.  He  was  educated  at  the  Columbia  Institute,  and  at  the  age  of  si.xteen  entered 
the  office  of  the  Columbian  Iron  Works,  of  which  his  father  was  owner.  Upon  the  lormation  of  the  firm  of 
Taylor,  Campbell  &  Co.,  in  1856,  he  was  admitted  into  partnership.  In  July,  1861,  he  withdrew  from  the 
enterprise,  and  the  firm  of  William  Taylor  &  Sons  was  formed.     William  Taylor  died  on  June  16,  1889,  and 


SgS 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


Tames  A.  Taylor. 


was  succeeded  in  business  by  his  sons,  James  A., 
Edwin  S.,  and  William  J.  Taylor.  This  firm,  under  its 
various  appellations,  has  occupied  the  same  premises 
for  forty-eight  years.  It  now  employs  about  two 
hundred  men,  and  has  a  weekly  pay-roll  of  about 
$2,500.  Mr.  Taylor  married,  on  December  8,  1882, 
Miss  Isabel  Cross,  daughter  of  the  Hon.  John  A. 
Cross,  of  Brooklyn  ;  he  has  had  five  children,  two  of 
whom  are  living.  He  is  a  Republican,  but  is  not  an 
active  participant  in  political  campaigns.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  nineteenth  ward  association,  and  at 
one  time  was  chairman  of  its  finance  committee.  He 
is  one  of  the  men  who  organized  the  Windsor  Club, 
of  which  he  was  the  first  president,  and  he  has  served 
as  chairman  of  its  executive  committee  ;  in  the  Han- 
over Club  he  is  a  member  of  the  entertainment  com- 
mittee, and  he  has  held  the  office  of  president  of 
the  Undine  Club.  In  his  religious  affiliations  he  is 
an  Episcopalian,  and  he  was  at  one  time  a  member 
of  the  vestry  of  St.  Paul's  P.  E.  Church  in  the  Eastern 
District.  He  is  popular  in  the  business,  club  and 
church  society,  in  which  he  figures. 

E.  Clifford  Wadsworth,  D.  D.  S.,  the  oldest 
son  of  the  late  Rev.  E.  L.  Wadsworth,  was  born  in 
Homer,  N.  V.,  his  father  being  at  the  time  pastor 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church  of  that  place;  his 
early  education  was  acquired  in  different  schools  and  academies,  and  at  eighteen  years  of  age  he  began  the 
study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  L.  Stone,  of  Auburn,  N.  V.  After  being  with  him  for  a  year  he  chose  dentistry 
as  his  profession,  accepting  a  favorable  opportunity  presented  by  Dr.  L.  Matison,  of  that  city.  In  1861,  at 
the  beginning  of  the  civil  war,  he  was  associated  with  Dr.  Stephen  Bailey,  of  Washington,  D.  C,  from  whom 
he  parted  to  accept  a  position  in  the  office  of  Quartermaster-General  Meigs  where,  for  three  years,  he  was 
chief  clerk  of  one  of  the  divisions,  and  by  his  efficiency  won  cordial  approval.  At  the  end  of  this  period  he 
resigned,  receiving  a  handsomely  engrossed  testi- 
monial of  his  fidelity  and  courtesy.  In  1864  he 
married  Mrs.  Sarah  E,  Wells,  a  descendant  from  the 
Hubbard  family,  of  Connecticut.  In  1866  he  retired 
to  his  native  place  in  central  New  York  for  the  benefit 
of  his  health,  which  had  become  greatly  impaired 
by  his  work  in  Washington.  After  a  year's  rest  he 
entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Brook- 
lyn, and  in  the  past  twenty-five  years  he  has  estab- 
lished a  large  and  lucrative  business.  In  1870  he 
received  from  the  New  York  College  of  Dentistry 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Dental  Surgery.  He  is  a 
progressive  man  in  everything  pertaining  to  his  pro- 
fession. His  family  history  includes  the  names  of 
generals  and  commodores  of  the  United  States  army 
and  navy,  doctors  of  divinity  (one  of  whom  was 
president  of  Harvard  College  for  twelve  years), 
lawyers,  men  prominent  in  the  various  walks  of  life, 
and  the  poet  Henry  Wadsworth  Longfellow.  He  is 
possessed  of  poetical  talent  and  has  written  some 
admirable  sonnets.  He  is  secretary  of  the  Wadsworth 
Family  Association,  which  includes  in  its  member- 
ship nearly  all  of  that  name  in  the  United  States, 
Canada  and  England.  He  is  trustee  and  treasurer 
of  the  Brooklyn,  E.   1).,  Homoeopathic  Dispensary, 

trustee  of  the  New  England  Congregational  Church        ..        ,  ._  „. 

of  Brooklyn,  and  until  last  year  was  secretary  and  E.  Clifford  Wadsworth.  D.  D.  S. 


SOCIAL   CLUKS    AND    SOCIAL    LIFE. 


^99 


treasurer  of  the  church  ;  which  offices  he  filled  satisfactorily  for  nineteen  successive  years.  Other  organi- 
zations of  which  he  is  a  member  are  the  Brooklyn  Dental  Society  ;  the  Second  District  Dental  Society,  the 
largest  in  the  state,  including  in  its  boundaries  nine  counties,  of  which  he  was  vice-president  for  one  year, 
and  president  for  the  two  years  ending  in  March,  1891  ;  the  Amphion  Musical  Society,  in  which  he  has 
held  the  offices  of  vice-president,  secretary  and  member  of  its  executive  committee  ;  the  New  England 
Society  of  Brooklyn;  the  Congregational  Club,  of  New  York  city;  and  the  I>adies'  Cecilia  Vocal  Society. 
He  has  been  a  trustee  of  the  Brooklyn,  E.  D.,  Dime  Savings  Bank,  and  is  a  member  of  some  half  dozen 
benevolent  organizations. 

Marshall  T.  Davidson  is  prominent  as  a  con- 
tracting engineer  and  is  well  known  in  club  life,  being 
a  member  of  the  Hanover,  Brooklyn,  Union  League 
and  Germania  clubs.  He  was  born  in  Albany  on 
February  17,  1837,  and  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools,  the  Hudson  Academy  at  Hudson,  N.  Y., 
the  Albany  Academy  and  the  Troy  Polytechnic. 
When  nineteen  years  old  he  entered  the  machine 
shops  of  Henry  R.  Dunham,  of  New  York,  whose 
special  work  was  the  manufacture  of  marine  engines. 
In  1S57  Mr.  Davidson  went  to  sea  as  a  junior  engineer, 
and  at  the  age  of  twenty-seven  received  his  certifi- 
cate as  first-class  chief  engineer.  He  spent  three 
years  on  the  Pacific  coast  and  returned  east  in  1862 
for  the  purpose  of  entering  the  navy  as  a  volunteer  ; 
but  his  plans  were  changed  by  his  appointment  as 
assistant  to  the  Ciiief  Constructor  of  the  revenue 
marine,  as  a  chief  engineer  in  that  service  which  was 
building  twelve  vessels  at  that  time  ;  the  machinery 
of  three  of  these  was  placed  entirely  under  his  super- 
intendency.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  became  a 
general  contracting  engineer.  In  1878  he  built  the 
large  shops  from  43  to  53  Keap  street,  now  occupied 
by  him,  in  which  is  built  the  Davidson  Steam  Pump. 
His  contracts  of  late  years  have  been  very  e.xtensive. 
A  short  time  ago,  under  an  agreement  with  the  city 
of  Brooklyn,  he  completed  some  gigantic  pumping 
machinery,  with  a  daily  capacity  of  40,000,000  gallons  ;  he  is  building  the  two  high  service  engines  for  use 
in  connection  with  the  water  tower  at  the  Prospect  Park  reservoir,  and  the  machinery  for  the  water  works 
extension  at  Millburn  station,  which  is  capable  of  pumping  40,000,000  gallons  a  day.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  American  Society  of  Mechanical  Engineers,  and  of  the  Manufacturers'  Club  of  Philadelphia.  He  is  a 
fellow  of  the  Library  x\ssociation  of  American  Mechanical  Engineers  and  a  member  of  U.  S.  (Irant  Post, 
G.  A.  R.  An  ardent  Republican,  he  has  been  somewhat  active  in  politics.  In  1878  he  reconciled  the 
warring  factions  in  the  seventh  ward,  who  forgot  their  animosities  for  a  time  and  unanimously  elected 
him  president  of  the  seventh  ward  Republican  association.  His  first  wife  was  Miss  Harriet  A.  Bame, 
daughter  of  Charles  Bame,  a  prominent  resident  of  Columbia  County,  N.  Y.  After  her  death  he  married 
her  sister  Elizabeth.  Two  daughters  by  this  marriage  have  become  the  wives  of  S.  S.  Baldwin,  manufac- 
turer of  clothing,  and  J.  O.  Donner.  The  latter  was  one  of  the  owners  of  De  Castro  &  Donner's  large 
sugar  refinery  in  Williamsburgh,  and  is  a  member  of  the  American  Sugar  Refining  Company.  Mr.  Davidson 
is  a  pew-holder  in  the  Clinton  Avenue  Congregational  Church. 

Frederick  Schdlks,  an  incorporator  of  the  Hanover,  and  for  sixty  years  a  Brooklynite,  is  of  English 
birth  and  is  a  member  of  a  family  which  originated  in  Bloomsbury,  Yorkshire,  England,  believed  to  have 
been  among  the  followers  of  William  of  Orange.  He  was  born  in  Islington,  England,  on  February  22, 
1824,  and  when  he  was  five  years  old  his  father  settled  in  Newtown,  L.  I.,  and  subsequently  founded  the 
JVew  Yorker  and  the  Morning  Post,  which  he  afterwards  disposed  of  to  Horace  Greeley,  who  merged  them 
in  the  New  York  Tiibune.  Failing  health  caused  the  elder  Mr.  Scholes  to  return  to  England,  but  he  came 
to  New  York  again  in  1849,  in  which  city  he  died.  The  elder  Mr.  Scholes  was  the  first  to  propose  the  sys- 
tem of  elevated  roads  now  in  use  and,  even  at  that  early  day,  he  argued  in  his  papers  that  it  was  the  only 
practical  way  to  solve  the  rapid  transit  problem.  Frederick  Scholes  settled  in  1831  on  a  farm  which  with 
his  father  he  had  purchased  in  Brooklyn,  the  land  now  comprising  a  portion  of  the  nineteenth  ward,  and 
the  large  sulphur  refinery,  fronting  on  Kent  avenue,  at  the  foot  of  Ross  street,  and  owned  by  Mr.  Scholes, 


Marshall  T.  Davidson. 


goo 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


^^KLOtKlCK   ScHULIlS 


is  located  on  a  portion  of  the  old  farm.  In  1850  he 
married  Miss  Anna  AL  Boice,  of  this  city;  they  have 
three  children  living  as  a  result  of  this  happy  union, 
one  son  and  two  daughters,  all  of  whom  are  married. 
In  1858  Mr.  Scholes  was  elected  alderman,  on  the 
Republican  ticket  ;  he  served  two  terms,  and  in  1861 
after  others  had  declined  to  run,  he  was  a  candidate 
for  reelection  against  Martin  Kalbfleisch,  but  suffered 
defeat.  In  1862  he  was  again  defeated  when  a  can- 
didate for  election  to  the  assessment  board.  In 
1862-3  lie  served  as  supervisor,  and  in  1865  was  can- 
didate for  collector  of  taxes  and  assessments,  but 
failed  ot  election  and  since  that  time  he  has  not  been 
an  active  participant  in  politics.  He  drew  up  the 
act  providing  for  the  establishment  of  a  board  to 
control  tax  assessments,  and  was  first  to  propose  the 
system  of  comparative  assessment  valuations  of  the 
different  counties  in  the  state.  To  him  can  also  be 
given  the  credit  of  creating  the  office  of  supervisor- 
at-iarge  and  the  drawing  up  of  the  act  establishing 
the  Kent  Avenue  Basin.  He  introduced  the  measure 
before  the  board  of  supervisors  providing  for  the 
appointment  of  a  commission  to  map  the  streets  and 
roads  of  Kings  county  outside  of  the  city  of  Brook- 
lyn ;  was  chairman  of  the  commission  on  regrading 
and  repaying  Bedford  avenue  with  asphalt  paving, 
this  being  the  first  important  street  in  the  United  States  ever  paved  with  asphalt.  In  the  organization  of  the 
47th  Regiment,  N.  G.,  S.  N.  Y .,  he  took  a  prominent  part,  and  during  the  civil  war  he  performed  services  at 
Fort  McHenry  and  at  \\'ashington,  1).  C.  He  is  a  man  of  practical  and  energetic  business  methods;  owns 
the  largest  sulphur  refinery  in  the  United  States  ;  was  an  incorporator  and  member  of  the  building  com- 
mittee of  the  Kings  County  Savings  Bank,  one  of  tiie  founders  and  largest  contributors  for  the  con- 
struction of  the  Lee  Avenue  Church,  and  is  exceedingly  charitable  to  all  deserving  causes. 

Leonard  J.  Bushy  was  born  in  Brooklyn  Octo- 
ber 15,  1S46.  His  parents  came  to  America  in  1830  ' 
from  England,  and  settled  in  Saginaw,  Mich.,  being 
among  pioneers  of  that  state.  In  1S40  they  removed 
from  the  west  to  Brooklyn,  where  they  still  reside. 
Mr.  Busby  was  educated  at  the  public  schools  of 
Brooklyn  and  was  graduated  in  1862  from  school  No. 
18.  After  completing  his  studies  he  began  business 
as  a  clerk  with  the  firm  of  Holt  &  Co.,  established  in 
1810.  hi.  1S73  he  purchased  an  interest  in  the  busi- 
ness of  the  firm  which  is  now  composed  of  R.  S.  Holt, 
L.  J.  Busby  and  C.  \V.  McCutchen.  The  house  car- 
ries on  an  immense  flour  e.xporting  business  and  is 
the  largest  of  its  kind  in  the  Country.  Mr.  Busby 
married  on  October  17,  1866,  [Nliss  Melle  Grandy, 
daughter  of  \\illiam  Grandy,  a  former  merchant  and 
well  known  citizen  of  Brooklyn.  Two  daughters 
have  been  born  t(j  them.  Mr.  Busby  has  lived  in 
Brooklyn  all  his  life,  with  the  exception  of  ten  years 
spent  in  Plainfield,  N.  L  His  residence  at  167  Hewes 
street  is  one  of  the  most  attractive  houses  in  the 
city.  He  has  traveled  extensively  in  Europe,  and  in 
his  visits  to  the  various  art  galleries  in  European 
Capitols  he  has  secured  a  fine  collection  of  paintings, 
the  production  of  some  of  the  most  celebrated  artists 
of  the  old  world.  He  is  a  valued  member  of  the 
Hanover  Club  and  of  the  Amphion  Musical  Society, 


Leonard  J.  Busby. 


SOCIAL    CLUBS    AND    SOCL^L    LIFE. 


901 


Robert  P.  Lethpridge 


being  one  of  the  incorporators  and  a  director  of  the  former,  and  chairman  of  the  committee  on  member- 
ship. He  served  for  four  years,  from  1882  to  1886,  as  a  director  and  manager  of  the  New  York  Produce 
Exchange,  and  is  president  of  the  Staten  Island  Milling  Co. 

Robert  P.  Lethbridge  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Hanover  Club 
and  an  earnest  promoter  of  its  success  ;  for  some  time  he  was  one  of  the 
directors.  Born  in  London,  England,  on  September  26,  1845,  he  came  to 
Brooklyn  with  his  parents  when  he  was  about  four  years  old  and  was 
educated  at  the  public  schools.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  became  a  clerk 
in  the  hardware  house  of  Marsh  Bros.  &  Co.,  which  he  left  when  the  civd 
war  began,  enlisting  in  the  47th  New  York  Regiment,  of  which  he  was  one 
of  the  organizers  ;  he  was  active  in  forming  the  veteran  association  of  the 
regiment,  of  which  he  was  president  in  1891.  After  the  war  he  returned 
to  Brooklyn  and  was  connected  for  a  time  with  .A.  T.  Stewart  &  Co.,  New 
York,  but  in  1867  he  engaged  in  the  insurance  business  in  New  York, 
establishing  a  branch  in  Brooklyn,  and  devoting  himself  to  fire  and  marine 
insurance.  In  1885  he  formed  a  partnership  with  W.  H.  Davidge,  and  the 
firm  of  Lethbridge  &  Davidge  was  formed  and  continues  in  business  in 
New  York.  Mr.  Lethbridge  has  been  a  member  of  the  New  York  Produce 
E.xchange  for  more  than  twenty  years.  He  married  Miss  Mae  J.  Levering, 
of  Exeter,  N.  H.,  on  December  11,  1878,  and  has  two  daughters  living  ;  his 
only  son  died  a  few  years  ago.     He  lives  at   157   Reap  street.     He  is  a 

trustee  of  the  Lee  Avenue  Congregational  Church,  a  past  master  of  Hyatt  Lodge,  F.  and  A.  M.,  a  mem- 
ber of   the  Abel  Smith    Post,  G.  A.   R.,  a  director  of  the  Rings  County  Building  and  Loan   Association, 

and  a  trustee  and  treasurer  of  the  Brooklyn    Throat    Hospital.     In    politics   he  is  a  staunch  Republican 

and  a  member  of  the  nineteenth  ward  association. 

George  W.  Baker,  M.  D.,  is  a  prominent  member  ,,»„_,„  „„ 

of  the  medical  profession  of  Brooklyn.    He  was  born 

in  Herkimer  County,  N.  Y.,  on  May  20,  1837,  and  was 

educated  at  the  Fairfield,  N.  Y.,  Seminary  and  Union 

College,  being  graduated  from  the  former  in  1859  and 

from  the  latter  in  1862,  with  high  honors.     Deciding 

to  adopt  the  m^edical  profession  he  spent  two  years  at 

the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  receiving  his 

diploma  in  1864.    During  the  same  year  he  served  in 

the  army  for  a  short  time,  being  stationed  at  Fort 

McHenry;  and  then  he  entered  the  Army  Hospital  at 

Washington  as  assistant  surgeon  and  remained  for  a 

year.  In  1865  he  came  to  Brooklyn,  where  he  has  since 

resided,  standing  high  as  one  of  the  prominent  prac- 
titioners.   On  May  18, 1865,  he  married  Miss  R.  Annie 

Russell,  daughter  of  Samuel  H.  Russell,  a  prominent 

architect  and  builder  of  New  York.     They  have  two 

sons,  the  eldest,  Willard  H.,  being  engaged  in  the  real 

estate  business  in  New   York,   while  Frank  Russell 

Baker,  a  graduate  of  the  College  of  Physicians  and 

Surgeons,  New  York,  is  associated  with  his  father  in 

the  practice  of  medicine.      Dr.  Baker  was  a  member 

of  the  first  metropolitan  board  of  health  as  chief  in- 
spector.    He  served  on  the  board  during  the  year  of 

1866.    For  the  past  twenty  years  he  has  been  medical 

examiner  for  the  New  York  Life  Insurance  Company. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Kings  County,  the  New  York 

State  and  the  American  Medical  associations,  is  a  valued  member  of  the  Hanover  and  Wmdsor  clubs,  and 

was  at  one  time  the  president  of  the  latter.     In  politics  he  is  a  Republican,  but  his  professional  duties  do 

not  permit  of  his  taking  any  active  part  more  than  exercising  the  right  of  suffrage. 

John  Gilbert  Gulick,  Doctor  of  Dental  Surgery,  was  born  in  Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  on  October  18, 

1858      His  parents  now  occupy  the  old  homestead  that  for  generations  has  sheltered  the  Gulick  family. 

He  received  his  early  education  at  the  schools  of  his  native  town,  and  then  became  a  student  in  the  office 

of  Dr  Hull  one  of  the  leading  dentists  of  Schenectady.    In  1883,  Dr.  Gulick  came  to  Brooklyn  and  entered 


GroKGK  W.  Bakek,  M.  D. 


902 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 


John  g.  Gulick,  D.  P.  S. 


-  -  -  upon  the  practice  of  his  profession.     On  April  27,  1887,  he  married  Miss 

Florence  Lethbridge,  of  this  city.     They  have  one  son,  Earle,  a  bright 
-  little  fellow,  four  years  of  age,  who  is  probably  the  best  known  citizen  of 

M  his  years  and  inches  that  Brooklyn  possesses,  having  been  the  model  for  a 

^m  _  ^  iJLiH^  painting  of  a  sturdy  little  boy  in  uniform  which  was  lithographed  and  dis- 
■■  ^k^S.  ^mSSmi^  tributed  widely  by  a  mercantile  house.  The  picture  quickly  caught  the 
'  '  public  fancy  and  was  much  sought  after,  both  for  its  intrinsic  merit  and 

fur  the  attractiveness  of  the  subject.  Dr.  Gulick  has  continued  his 
studies  since  leaving  school  and  he  is  able  to  converse  in  several 
languages,  the  German,  which  he  speaks  with  the  fluency  and  accuracy 
of  a  native,  being  his  favorite.  He  has  a  charming  home  at  574  Bedford 
avenue.  Mrs.  Gulick  is  a  member  of  the  board  of  directors  of  the  Indus- 
trial School,  and  a  director  of  the  Cecilian  Musical  Society.  Dr.  Gulick 
is  one  of  the  charter  members  of  the  Hanover  Club  and  a  member  of  the 
Amphion  Musical  Society.  Both  he  and  his  wife  are  members  of  Christ 
Episcopal  Church,  on  Bedford  avenue,  and  are  active  in  church  and  local 
charities. 
Elwin  S.  Piper,  as  the  head  of  one  of  the  largest  drygoods  establishments  in  the  city,  the  possessor  of 

independent  means  and  with  a  social   position  that  commands  wide   respect  and  influence,  is  one  of  those 

men  who,  beginning  with  only  brains  and  pluck,  have  compassed  a  rounded  success  while  they  are  yet  on 

the  sunny  slope  of  life.    The  line  of  his  ancestry  reaches  to  Crermany,  but 

several  generations  of  his  progenitors  have   been  American;   his  jxirents 

were  natives  of  the  Green  Mountain   state,  who  subsequently  made  their 

home  at  Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  born  on  August  13,  185 1. 

He  attended  the  public  schools  until  he  was  fifteen   vears  old,  and  after 

five  years  experience  in  various  business  positions  he  went  to  Albany  to 

take  a  course  of  study  in  the  higher  branches  at  the  state  normal  school. 

His  limited  means  compelled  him  to  find  employment  which  would  enable 

him  to  defray  expenses,  and  he  divided  his  time  between  the  school  and  a 

Saratoga  drygoods   store  for   three   years,  and  then   was  graduated   with 

high  honors  in  the  class  of  1874,  of  which  he  was  valedictorian.     After 

receiving  his  diploma  he  taught  school  for  one  year  in  Brunswick,  N.  Y., 

where  he  met  Miss  May  J.  Golden,  whom  he  married  there  on  January  13, 

1875.     Two  sons  and  a  daughter  are  the  fruits  of  the  marriage.     After  his 

marriage  he  returned  to  Saratoga  and   entered   the  service  of  his  former 

employers,  Wescott  &  Smith.     In   1876  he  removed  to  Troy,  N.  Y.,  and 

accepted  a  position  as  head  of  one  of  the  departments  in  the  firm  of  W.  C. 

Winnie  &  Co.      After  one  year  a  more  lucrative  engagement  was  tendered  ^'-'™  ^-  ^"'^''■ 

him  by  W.  H.  Freer,  of  Tro}',  with  whom  he  remained  for  nine  years  and  then  decided  to  embark  in  busi- 
ness for  himself.    He  came  to  Brooklyn  and  in  1886  established  the  drygoods  firm  of  Piper  &  Renwick,  whose 

store,  at  the  corner  of  Grand  street  and  Driggs  avenue,  was  known  as  the  Grand  Bazaar;  in  August,  1890, 

he  purchased  his  partner's  interest  and  now  conducts  the  business  alone 
'  He  has  built  up  a  large   trade  and  has  the  confidence  of  his  customers 

and  friends.  During  his  long  business  career  he  digressed  from  the  dry- 
goods  trade  only  once  and  that  was  in  1879,  when  he  participated  in  a  news- 
paper enterprise  in  Fort  Edward  and  Saratoga,  N.  Y.;  but  the  venture 
was  short  lived.  In  January,  1892,  he  had  an  almost  miraculous  escape 
from  death  whde  returning  to  New  York  over  the  N.  Y.  C.  &:  H.  R.  R.; 
he  fell  from  a  sleeping  car  into  the  tunnel  while  the  train  was  running  at 
full  speed  and  sustained  serious  injuries  in  broken  limbs  and  other  frac- 
tures.    He  is  a  member  of  the  Home  Club  as  well  as  of  the  Hanover. 

CH.4RLES  H.  MedicusIs  a  native  of  Germany,  and  was  born  near  Mainz- 
on-Rhine,  on  December  2,  1839.  His  parents  brought  him  with  them  to 
this  country  when  he  was  nine  years  old,  settling  in  New  York.  There, 
after  being  educated  at  the  public  schools,  he  learned  the  upholstery 
trade,  and  in  1870  went  into  business  for  himself  as  a  manufacturer  of 
fine  parlor  and  dining-room  furniture,  in  New  York.  At  the  end  of  eight 
years  he  removed  to  Brooklyn  and  erected  his  present  establishment,  38 
to  46  Ross  street,  where  he  gives  employment  to  about  two  hundred  men, 


Chaklks  H.  .Mkuicus 


SOCIAL   CLUBS    AND    SOCL\L    LIFE. 


903 


William  N.  Howe. 


and  has  a  weekly  pay-roll  of  about  $3,000.  On  April  20,  1862,  he  married 
Miss  Catherine  M.  Harbers,  of  New  York  ;  they  have  had  five  children  of 
whom  a  son  and  a  daughter  are  living.  H.  W.  Medicus,  the  son,  is  asso- 
ciated with  his  father  in  business.  Mr.  Medicus  has  a  pleasant  home  at 
70  Hancock  street,  and  is  very  fond  of  amusement  of  all  kinds,  theatri- 
cals, athletic  and  field  sports.  He  is  president  of  the  New  York  Furniture 
Board  of  Trade  and  of  the  American  Furniture  Exposition  Association. 

William  N.  Howe,  one  of  the  successful  business  men  enrolled  in 
the  membership  of  the  Hanover,  is  a  great  lover  of  cycling  and  athletics; 
is  president  of  the  DeLong  Council  Bowling  Club  and  is  a  member  of  the 
Long  Island  Wheelmen.  For  two  years  he  was  regent  of  UeLong  Council, 
Royal  Arcanum,  and  his  interests  in  secret  societies  includes  also  mem- 
bership in  Clinton  Lodge,  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  Williamsburgh  Lodge,  Knights 
of  Honor.  He  was  born  on  October  23,  1848,  at  Monticello,  Sullivan 
County,  and  in  the  same  year  was  brought  to  Brooklyn  by  his  father,  the 
late  Richard  M.  Howe,  for  years  a  leading  member  of  the  South  Second 
Street  M.  E.  Church,  whose  death  occurred  on  July  i,  1875,  '"  conse- 
quence of  an  accident  on  the  previous  June  21,  when  a  hatstand  fell  upon  him  through  a  hatchway  in  the 
fourth  story  of  his  furniture  establishment,  at  114  Grand  street,  Eastern  District.  William  N.  Howe  was 
educated  at  the  public  schools  and  on  July  11,  1874,  went  into  business  with  his  father,  at  87  Grand  street, 
the  number  being  afterwards  changed  to  1 14  ;  the  firm  name  became  R.  M.  Howe  &  Son,  and  after  his  father's 
death  it  was  made  R.  M.  Howe's  Son.  On  October  23,  1876,  he  opened  a  larger  establishment  on  Fourth 
street,  which  he  conducted  with  business  energy  and  prudence.    The  growth  of  the  business  obliged  him  to 

seek  larger  facilities,  which  he  found  at  191-195  Broadway,  in  1883,  and 
at  present  he  occupies  five  floors,  50x100,  and  also  the  upper  stories  of 
the  adjoining  building,  his  establishment  being  one  of  the  largest  in  the 
city,  and  devoted  strictly  to  furniture.  On  November  5,  1868,  he  married 
Miss  Fannie  C.  Taylor,  of  Brooklyn,  and  he  has  had  four  children,  three 
daughters  and  a  son,  of  whom  all  e.'icept  one  daughter  are  living.  He 
attends  the  services  of  the  Lee  Avenue  Congregational  Church,  where  he 
has  a  pew.  His  home  is  at  11 1  Rodney  street,  and  he  has  a  summer  resi- 
dence at  Amityville,  L.  I. 

Vincent  Barth,  who  has  been  a  supporter  and  promoter  of  every 
good  movement  whereby  Brooklyn  has  been  benefited,  is  a  prominent 
business  and  social  citizen  of  the  Eastern  District.  He  was  born  in  Baden, 
Germany,  on  March  26,  1859,  and  after  receiving  a  rudimentary  education 
in  the  schools  of  Baden,  he  engaged  in  the  upholstery  trade  as  an  appren- 
tice at  the  age  of  fourteen.  He  arrived  in  New  York  on  March  7,  1879, 
and  obtained  a  position  with  Kimball  &  Sons,  with  whom  he  remained  for 
some  years,  being  foreman  of  the  upholstery  and  drapery  department  for 
three  years.  His  close  application  to  business  enabled  him  to  accumulate 
sufficient  capital  to  begin  business  for  himself,  and  in  1884  he  began  at 
No.  33  Fourth  street,  Brooklyn.     His  success  was  so  phenomenal,  that  he  -^ 

was  able  to  purchase  the  business  block,  at  448  Bedford  avenue,  in  1886. 
There  he  carries  on  an  extensive  upholstery,  drapery  and  decorating  busi- 
ness. On  May  6,  1885,  he  married  Miss  Emilie  Borthe,  daughter  of  August 
Borthe,  of  Brooklyn.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Arion  Club  and  the  Amphion 
Singing  Society.  He  is  a  trustee  of  the  Brooklyn  Throat  Hospital  and  a 
member  of   the  First  Reformed  Church. 

John  Murphy  has  been  a  resident  of  Brooklyn  for  thirty  years  and 
is  identified  with  the  manufacturing  interests  of  the  city,  being  general 
superintendent  for  the  Gutta  Percha  Rubber  ManufacturingCompany,which 
has  houses  in  every  part  of  the  country  and  large  factories  in  Brooklyn, 
San  Francisco  and  Toronto.  He  is  thoroughly  informed  concerning  all 
details  of  the  business  from  the  collection  of  the  raw  material  to  the 
marketing  of  the  finished  product,  and  he  has  written  several  articles  on 
the  subject  for  standard  works.  Born  in  the  south  of  Ireland  on  April  4, 
1826,  he  came  to  America  in  1832,  and  for  thirty  years  lived  in  the  city  of 
New  York,  coming  to   Brooklyn   in   1862.     From  the  time  when  he  left 


Vincent  Barth. 


John  Murphy. 


904 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


Peter  J   Donohue. 


school  he  has  been  engaged  in  the  rubber  business.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Hanover  and  the  Bedford 
bowling  clubs,  and  has  been  an  active  promoter  of  the  interests  of  both  those  organizations ;  in  the  society 
of  the  Friendly  Sons  of  St.  Patrick  he  holds  the  office  of  vice-president,  and  in  religious  life  he  is  a 
parishioner  of  the  Catholic  Church  of  the  Transfiguration.  He  has  been  married  twice  and  his  present  wife's 
maiden  name  was  Mary  A.  Cogswell,  who  is  the  daughter  of  the  late  William  Cogswell,  of  New  York  ;  they 
have  two  daughters  and  live  at  630  Bedford  avenue. 

Peter  |.  Donohue,  who  is  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  marine  and 
stationary  boilers,  tanks,  etc.,  in  company  with  his  four  sons,  under  the  firm 
name  of  P.  I.  Donohue  &  Co.,  is  one  of  those  men  who  have  made  their 
way  in  the  world  by  force  of  character,  industry  and  perseverance.  He  was 
only  eleven  years  old  when  he  sailed  from  Liverpool,  in  1839,  to  seek 
fortune  in  America.  He  was  born  in  (ialway,  Ireland,  on  June  24,  1828, 
and  was  educated  at  the  parish  schools.  When  he  reached  New  York  he 
obtained  employment  in  the  boiler  department  of  the  Novelty  Iron  Works, 
where  he  remained  for  ten  years  and  rose  to  the  position  of  foreman  of  the 
department.  In  1866,  he  resigned  and  accepted  a  similar  position  in  the 
works  of  Hubbard  &  Whittaker,  in  Brooklyn;  and  subse(iuent]y  he  was 
with  Smith  Brothers.  He  had,  in  18S2,  acquired  capital  which  enabled 
him  to  establish  his  own  boiler  works,  at  the  corner  of  Wythe  avenue  and 
Wallabout  street.  The  board  of  United  States  inspector  of  foreign  steam- 
ships was  created  at  his  suggestion  and  he  was  appointed  a  member  by 
Secretary  Folger,  although  he  was  and  is  a  Democrat;  he  held  the  office 
through  one  Republican  administration  and  under  President  Cleveland, 
continuing  in  it  until  it  was  abolished  in  1891;  during  his  entire  tenure  of  office  he  was  president  of  the 
board  and  the  only  Democratic  member.  On  November  26,  1856,  he  married  Miss  McDermott,  who  died  in 
rSSi,  having  borne  him  four  sons  and  eight  daughters;  since  her  death  he  has  lived  with  a  married  daughter 
at  42  Penn  street.  He  is  a  man  of  strong  domestic  affections  and  one  of  his  first  acts,  after  he  had 
established  himself  in  America,  was  to  send  for  his  parents,  whom  he  had  left  in  Ireland.  All  of  his  children 
are  well  etiucated,  three  of  his  sons  being  graduates  of  St.  Patrick's  college  and  the  other  is  a  graduate  of 
St.  Francis'.     Mr.  Donohue  is  a  member  of  the  Hanover  and  Tilden  clubs,  Brooklyn,  and  the  Jefferson 

Club,  New  York  ;  he  is  a  Catholic  and  a  regular  attendant  of  the  Church 
':  of  the  Transfiguration. 

Henry  H..\sler  is  greatly  interested  in  athletic  and  out-door  sports 
and  at  one  time  was  a  militiaman,  being  adjutant  of  the  Forty-seventh 
Regiment  and  president  of  the  regimental  veteran  corps.  He  was  for- 
merly a  director  of  the  Hanover  Club  and  chairman  of  the  membership 
committee  ;  he  is  also  a  member  (jf  the  Windsor  and  Union  clubs  and  the 
Amphion  Musical  Society.  For  twenty-two  years  he  has  been  a  Freemason 
and  a  worker  in  the  lodge,  chapter  and  comraandery.  He  was  born  in 
New  York,  on  May  12,  1S46,  and  his  parents  moved  to  Brooklyn  during 
his  youth.  After  leaving  the  public  schools  he  became  a  clerk  in  a  New 
York  banking  house,  in  1862,  and  he  has  been  engaged  in  the  banking 
business  ever  since,  being  secretary  of  the  Citizens'  Savings  Bank,  New 
York.  In  1867  he  married  Miss  Elizabeth  S.  Cromwell,  daughter  of  John 
S.  Cromwell ;  they  have  one  daughter.  Both  before  and  since  his  marriage 
Mr.  Hasler  has  been  an  extensive  traveler  through  the  United  States  and 
British  America.  He  is  an  admirer  of  art  and  his  home  is  adorned  with  a 
nuniljer  of  valuable  paintings. 
\\iLi.i,\.M  C.  Bryant,  who  was  the  first  president  of  the  club,  has  won  success  in  various  spheres  of 
action  and  has  attained  a  position  in  this  city  which  at  times  has  suggested  the  association  of  his  name 
with  the  highest  local  honors.  He  has  been  prominently  mentioned  as  a  suitable  postmaster,  and  his  friends 
would  have  advanced  his  claims  to  a  mayoralty  nomination  had  he  not  firmly  vetoed  the  proposition.  He 
is  popular  in  a  number  of  social  organizations.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Oxford  and  Union  League  clubs 
and  is  vice-president  of  the  Windsor  Club.  He  once  wielded  the  president's  gavel  in  the  Williamsburgh 
Athletic  Club  and  he  is  an  honorary  member  of  the  Seawanhaka  Boat  Club.  For  a  trifle  less  than  twenty- 
five  years— since  1S75— he  has  been  the  business  manager  of  the  Brooklyn  Times.  William  C.  Bryant 
IS  a  namesake  and  relative  of  the  first  of  America's  greater  poets.  He  was  born  in  1849  in  the  city  of 
New  York,  whither  his  father,  E.  D.  Bryant,  had  removed  from  his  native  state,  Massachusetts.  William 
C.  Bryant  was  graduated  from  a  Brooklyn  public  school.    One  of  his  earlier  occupations  was  that  of  traveling 


Henrv  Hasler. 


SOCIAL   CLUBS   AND    SOCIAL   LIFE. 


9°5 


salesman  for  H  B.  C  aflm  &  Co..  m  whose  employ  he  remained  seven  years,  winning  a  record  for  com-' 
merca  -tegnty  and  sk.ll  that  he  has  continued  to  maintain  and  increase.  nfs  next  engagement 
assoca  ed  h.m  with  he  management  of  the  interests  of  Henry  B.  Osgood  &  Co.,  of  Boston,  a.^d  he  left 
that  cty  to  assume  h,s  present  relations  in  this.  Mr.  Bryant  has  been  treasurer  of  the  American  News- 
paper Publishers  Association  and  is  now  a  member  of  its  executive  committee.  He  is  the  son-in-law 
of  Bernard  Peters,  editor  of  the  Times. 

James  Dudley  Perkins  is  rated  among  those  members  of  the  Hanover  Club  whose  careers  have 
proved  more  than  usually  successful.  The  family  name  of  Perkins  is  one  of  the  oldest  surnames  in  English 
history.  Prior  to  the  year  1400  surnames  were  very  uncommon  in  England,  but  about  that  period  men  be- 
gan to  add  certain  terminations  to  their  Christian  names  in  order  to  distinguish  them  from  their  fathers  • 
this  custom  gave  the  affix  "kin"  to  the  given  name  and  Pierrekin  was  created  to 
Pierre,"  Wilkin  for  the   "son  of  Will"  and  so  on. 


signify  the  "  son  of 


About  1380,  a  Norman,  Pierre  de  Morlaix,  who  orig- 
inally came  from  the  French  sea-port  of  Morlaix,  had 
a  son  who  assumed  the  name  of  Henry  Pierrekin; 
forty  years  later  his  son,  John,  altered  his  surname 
to  Perkins.  One  of  his  descendants,  John  Perkins, 
senior,  was  among  the  Prst  emigrants  who  sailed 
from  the  mother  country  to.  the  colony  which  the  Pil- 
grims had  planted  in  Massachusetts;  he  left  his 
Berkshire  home  on  December  i,  1630,  in  the  ship 
"  Lyon,"  which  dropped  anchor  in  the  harbor  of  New 
England's  future  capital  on  February  5,  1631.  This 
particular  John  Perkins  was  the  ancestor  of  the  ma- 
jority of  the  Perkins  family  now  in  the  United  States 
and  James  Dudley  Perkins  is  his  descendant  in  the 
seventh  generation.  Mr.  Perkins  owes  his  middle 
name  to  Thomas  Dudley,  second  governor  of  Massa- 
chusetts, whose  second  daughter,  Anna,  married  Gov- 
ernor Simon  Bradstreet  and  became  celebrated  as 
the  first  poetess  of  New  England.  Her  son,  John, 
married  Sarah  Perkins  and  thus  united  the  families 
of  Dudley,  Bradstreet  and  Perkins.  From  this  stock 
have  sprung  such  illustrious  scions  as  David  Dudley 
Field,  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes  and  Wendell  Phillips. 
James  Dudley  Perkins  was  born  in  Salem,  Mass., 
on  February  13,  1828,  and  was  the  second  son  of 
Ezra  Perkins  and  Mary  Cole  ;  his  parents  moved  to 
Boston  on  July  5,  1831,  where  James  received  a  good  J*"'^'^  °-  parkins. 

education.  He  entered  the  commercial  world  of  Boston  as  a  clerk  in  the  counting-house  of  James  P. 
Melledge.  On  May  i,  1864,  Mr.  Perkins  became  a  member  of  the  firm  of  James  P.  Melledge  &  Co.  Mr. 
Melledge  retired  in  May,  1S65,  and  a  new  firm  known  as  Bird,  Perkins  &  Job  was  organized;  ten  years  later 
Mr.  Bird  withdrew  and  the  firm  name  was  altered  to  that  of  Perkins  &  Job.  On  March  i,  1878,  Mr.  Job 
retired  and  was  succeeded  by  F.  Seaverns,  of  Brooklyn,  and  with  the  beginning  of  this  association  the  firm 
of  Perkins  &  Co.,  as  it  now  exists,  began  its  career.  Mr.  Perkins  extended  his  business  to  New  York  in 
1861.  In  1873  he  left  Boston  and  made  his  residence  in  Brooklyn  in  order  to  exercise  a  personal  supervision 
over  his  interests  in  New  York.  Mr.  Perkins  is  a  member  of  the  chamber  of  commerce,  the  maritime 
association,  the  New  England  society,  and  Coeur  de  Lion  commandery,  Knights  Templars  ;  in  Boston  he 
belongs  to  the  Bostonian  society,  the  Old  Schoolboys'  association,  St.  John's  lodge,  F.  and  A.  M.;  St. 
Andrew's  chapter,  Royal  Arch  Masons;  and  Boston  council,  R.  and  S.  M.  l\\  this  city  he  has  been  asso- 
ciated with  many  prominent  organizations.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Amphion  musical  society  and  was  its 
vice-president  during  the  season  1889-90;  he  belongs  to  the  Masonic  Veterans'  association,  the  Aurora 
Grata  club,  the  Long  Island  Historical  society,  and  the  Brooklyn  Institute.  From  1S65  to  1873  he  was  a 
trustee  of  the  Second  Universalist  Church  of  Boston  and  for  the  same  period  was  a  trustee  of  the  Dean 
academy  at  Franklin,  Mass.  He  was  also  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  Universalist  club  of  New  York  and  is 
now  a  member  of  All  Souls  Universalist  Church  of  Brooklyn.  On  January  14,  1852,  Mr.  Perkins  wedded 
Sarah  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  John  Everett,  of  Bethel,  Me. 

One  of  the  charter  members  of  the  club,  who  has  been  intimately  connected  with  the  success  of  the  in- 
stitution, IS  CoRNEiLLE  B.  DE  LA  Vergne,  Jr.     While  he  had   leisure   Mr.  de   la  Vergne  was  a  prominent 


go6 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


club  man;  but  on  account  of  absence  from  home,  necessitated  by  an  active  business  life,  he  resigned  from 
all  but  the  Hanover  and  Manhattan  Athletic  Club,  of  New  York.  Mr.  de  la  Vergne  was  born  in  New  York 
city  on  May  21,  1857.  His  education  was  obtained  in  the  Jackson  Institute  at  Tarrytown,  New  York.  For 
the  past  seven  years  he  has  been  connected  with  the  firm  of  Smith,  Gray  &  Co.  He  is  the  founder  and 
editor  of  Smith,  Gray  is'  Company's  Monthly,  and  has  charge  of  the  advertising  of  the  firm,  yet  finds  time  to 
keep  track  of  the  wholesale  trade,  and  to  make  three  or  four  trips  a  year  in  its  interest.  He  married  Miss 
Minnie  R.  Child,  of  Hoboken,  N.  J.,  in  i860. 

Another  of  the  charter  members  is  Mr.  John  G.  Disosway,  whose  career  is  an  exemplification  of  the 
success  which  crowns  energy  and  force  of  character.  He  was  born  in  New  York  on  March  23,  1856.  He 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  after  graduating  at  the  age  of  thirteen  determined  to  follow  the 
trade  of  his  father.  He  was  engaged  in  the  lumber  business  with  John  W.  Russell  until  he  became  of  age 
and  then  started  in  business  for  himself.  He  has  established  an  e.xtensive  trade  and  handles  vast  quantities 
of  pine  and  spruce  lumber.  He  is  a  member  of  the  New  York  Lumber  Trade  Association.  He  belongs  also 
to  the  Royal  Arcanum,  Kings  County,  459.  He  has  always  been  fond  of  good  horses  and  is  in  the  habit  of 
driving  some  excellent  trotters. 

John  Cartledge  left  England  at  the  age  of  eighteen  and  came  to  New  York  with  his  parents.  He 
was  born  in  the  famous  watering  town  of  Bath,  on  April  26,  iS3i,and  obtained  his  early  education  at  Eno-hsh 
schools.  He  began  his  business  career  as  a  book-keeper.  Li  1865  he  became  a  partner  in  the  firm  of 
Jos.  Wild  &  Co.  In  1859  he  married  Miss  Ann  Campbell  Falkner,  of  Madison,  Wis.  Mr.  Cartledge  is  a  member 
of  various  prominent  organizations,  including  the 
Hanover,  Montauk,  Oxford  and  Crescent  Athletic 
clubs,  and  the  Amphion  Singing  Society.  His  fond- 
ness for  out-door  recreation  finds  ample  gratification 
in  the  Marine  and  Field  Club,  at  Bath  Beach,  L.  I., 
and  in  the  New  York  and  Atlantic  Yacht  clubs.  He 
is  a  churchman  as  well  as  a  clubman  and  is  an  elder 
in  the  Reformed  Church  on  Bedford  avenue. 

Julius  De  Lono  is  a  member  of  the  club  who 
has  served  efficiently  on  various  committees  and  con- 
tributed much  to  its  prosperity.  He  is  a  thorough 
American  and  is  well  known  in  the  Eastern  District. 
He  has  been  a  member  of  the  club  since  its  organi- 
zation and  is  highly  esteemed  by  his  fellow  members. 
He  is  an  active  business  man,  being  the  senior 
partner  of  the  New  York  firm  of  De  Long  &  French, 
manufacturers  of  hair  felt.  He  is  president  of  the 
Asbestos-Faced  Hair  Felt  Company,  and  also  acts  as 
New  York  agent  for  the  Peerless  Ventilator  Com- 
pany. His  business  career  has  been  successful  and 
he  has  won  a  sound  commercial  standing  to  accom- 
pany his  reputation  for  good  fellowship. 

John  R.  Parker  was  born  on  June  17,  1852,  and 
after  a  course  of  study  at  the  public  schools  went 
into  the  undertaking  business  with  his  father.  His 
father,  who  was  a  coroner  in  1880,  died  on  June  9, 
1882,  and  the  business  was  then  continued  under  the 
style  of  John  T.  Parker's  Son.     In  addition  to  his  J"^™^  ^^  ^°'"'- 

membership  in  the  Hanover  Club  Mr.  Parker  is  enrolled  in  the  Home  and  Union  clubs.     On  October  6, 
1875,  he  married  Miss  Emma  Beales.     Mrs.  Parker  died  on  March  14,  1888. 

Among  the  lawyers  of  the  club  is  William  P.  Hurd,  Jr.,  who  was  born  in  Birmingham,  Conn.,  on  Feb- 
ruary 9,  1851.  He  received  his  rudimentary  education  in  the  public  schools  of  Brooklyn.  In  1866  he 
entered  the  Colgate  University  but  remained  there  only  a  short  time,  matriculating  at  the  University  of  the 
City  of  New  York  in  1868  and  taking  his  degree  in  1872.  In  the  following  year  he  entered  the  law  office  of 
George  H.  Fisher  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1874.  After  his  admission  to  the  bar  he  formed  the  law 
firm  of  Fisher,  Hurd  &  Voltz,  which  continued  until  1882  ;  in  that  year  Mr.  Hurd  withdrew  and  formed  the 
present  firm  of  Hurd  &  Grim.  On  April  19,  1881,  Mr.  Hurd  married  Miss  Eloise  Vandewaterof  this  city. 
Besides  the  Hanover,  he  is  a  member  of  the  Brooklyn  Club,  and  of  the  Brooklyn  Bar  Association. 

John  B.  Snook  was  born  in  London,  England,  in  1815.  When  he  was  two  years  old  he  was  brought  to 
this  country  and  received  his  education  in  the  private  schools  of  New  York  City.     He  was  graduated  from 


SOCIAL   CLUBS   AND    SOCIAL   LIFE 


907 


Daniel  Simmons,  M.  D. 


the  Crosby  street  high  school  and  then  served  an 
apprenticeship  at  the  carpenter's  trade.  In  1842  he 
began  his  career  as  an  architect.  Among  the  edifices 
he  has  designed  and  erected  in  the  city  of  Brooklyn 
the  Hebrew  Orphan  Asylum  and  the  Packard  Acad- 
emy deserve  special  mention.  Aside  from  his  pro- 
fession as  architect,  Mr.  Snook  is  active  in  the  affairs 
of  the  Pacific  Insurance  Company,  of  which  he  is  a 
director.  He  is  also  a  director  of  the  Brooklyn 
Throat  Hospital.  He  is  a  veteran  Odd  Fellow,  hav- 
ing been  identified  with  the  order  for  fifty-three 
years.  In  1836  Mr.  Snook  married  Miss  Maria  A. 
Week,  the  daughter  of  Captain  Seaman  Week,  of  New 
York.  After  forty-three  years  of  wedded  life,  he  lost 
his  wife  in  1879. 

D.4NIEL  SiirMONS,  M.  D.,  is  a  prominent  physi- 
cian of  the  homceopathic  school  of  medicine.  He 
was  born  in  Port  Elizabeth,  New  Jersey,  on  October 
23,  1843.  His  family  came  of  old  New  England 
stock,  his  grandfather,  John  Briggs,  having  been  a 
soldier  in  the  war  between  Great  Britain  and  the 
United  States  in  181 2.  When  Dr.  Simmons  was  six 
years  of  age  his  parents  removed  from  Port  Eliza- 
beth to  New  York  city.  It  was  in  the  public 
schools  of  the  latter  place  that  the  doctor  received 
his  rudimentary  education  and  was  graduated  in 
1857.  The  three  subsequent  years  from  1858  to  1862  he  attended  a  private  academy  in  Stratford,  Conn., 
under  the  instruction  of  Prof.  Sedgwick.  In  June  of  1862,  Dr.  Simmons  left  his  school  in  Stratford  and 
enlisted  in  the  9th  N.  Y.  State  militia,  which  was  afterward  the  83rd  Regiment,  N.  Y.  Volunteers.  He 
served  in  the  defense  of  his  country  for  three  years.  In  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg  Dr.  Simmons  was  so 
seriously  wounded  that  he  was  transferred  to  AVashington  for  special  service,  where  he  remained  until  1865, 
when  he  received  his  honorable  discharge.  At  the  conclusion  of  the  war,  he  returned  to  New  York  where 
he  resumed  his  medical  studies  in  the  New  York  Homoeopathic  College,  and  was  graduated  in  the  spring  of 
1872.  In  1880  he  located  in  Brooklyn.  On  November  30,  1867,  he  married  Miss  Florence  R.  Johnson  of 
New  York.  Besides  the  Hanover  Club,  he  is  a  member  of  the  Amphion  Musical  Society,  and  is  a  very  active 
member  of  the  Abel  Smith  Post,  G.  A.  R.,  and  has  been  for  four  consecutive  years  its  commander.  He  was 
the  attending  physician  for  a  number  of  years  of  the  Hospital  for  Consumptives.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
American  Medical  Institute  of  Homoeopathy,  and  the  New  York  State  Medical  Society,  the  Kings  County 
and  the  New  York  Medical  Society. 

When  the  project  of  forming  the  Hanover  Club  was  first  broached  among  residents  of  the  Eastern 
District,  Benjamin  D.  Bacon  was  chosen  temporary  president  during  the  period  of  preliminary  organiza- 
tion. He  has  always  labored  to  promote  the  interests  of  the  club,  and  has  always  been  one  of  the  club's 
directors  and  a  member  of  its  auditing  and  house  committees.  He  is  descended  from  an  old  Puritan  family 
which  settled  in  this  country  in  1711.  His  father  was  Dresser  Bacon,  one  of  the  drivers  on  the  old 
stage  line  between  Worcester  and  Boston,  before  the  era  of  railroads.  Benjamin  I).  Bacon  was  bom  at 
Newton,  Mass.,  on  January  23,  1838.  When  he  was  six  years  old  his  parents  settled  in  New  York.  Their 
son  was  sent  first  to  the  public  schools  and  eventually  graduated  at  the  College  of  the  City  of  New  York. 
Mr.  Bacon  became  a  resident  of  Brooklyn  in  1865,  purchasing  a  house  at  155  Rutledge  street,  where  he  has 
lived  until  the  present  time.  When  quite  a  young  man  he  interested  himself  in  the  stationery  trade,  and 
pursued  that  line  of  business  for  eighteen  years.  Since  1886  he  has  been  interested  in  the  firm  of  William 
J.  Matheson  &  Co.,  manufacturers  of  dye  stuffs.  He  is  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  company.  During 
the  civil  war,  Mr.  Bacon  performed  active  service  as  a  private  in  the  7th  Regiment,  N.  Y.  S.  M.;  after- 
wards he  held  a  captaincy  in  the  12th  Regiment,  N.  Y.  S.  M.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  masonic  frater- 
nity for  the  past  twenty-five  years. 

Paul  Weidman,  Jr.  has  been  associated  in  business  with  his  father  for  some  years  and  when,  in  1890,  the 
latter  incorporated  his  brewing  and  cooperage  interests,  his  son  was  made  treasurer  of  the  company.  Paul 
Weidman,  Jr.,  was  born  in  New  York  on  August  28,  1859,  and  was  educated  at  the  public  schools  and  at  Car- 
penter's business  college.  When  sixteen  he  entered  his  father's  emuloy  and  was  gradually  advanced  to  a 
position  of  importance.     He  is  now  a  member  of  the  New  York  Produce  Exchange  and  one  of  the  directors 


9o8 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


in  the  United  States  Printing  Company,  whose  main  offices  are  in  Cincinnati,  O.,  but  which  has  a  branch 
establishment  in  Brooklyn.  Mr.  Weidman  is  well  known  in  the  select  social  coteries  of  the  Eastern  Dis- 
trict and  belongs  to  the  Hanover  Club,  the  Merchants'  Club  and  the  Arion  and  Cecilia  singing  societies. 
For  a  period  of  seven  years  he  belonged  to  company  K,  22d  regiment,N.  G.,  S.  N.  Y.  In  1880  he  married 
Miss  Carrie  Stahmann,  of  Brooklyn. 

Herbert  F.  Gunnison  was  one  of  the  first  movers  in  the  Hanover  Club  enterprise,  being  one  of  the 
incorporators  and  for  the  first  two  years  the  secretary  of  the  club  and  a  member  of  the  board  of  directors. 
His  resignation  from  the  secretaryship  and  from  the  board  was  accepted  reluctantly.  Mr.  Gunnison  is  well 
known  in  the  Eastern  District,  where  he  has  become  prominent  socially  and  in  church  and  charitable  work. 
.4e  is  president  of  the  Northern  Industrial  Wood  Yard,  one  of  the  best  local  charities,  and  is  a  trustee  and 

an  earnest  worker  in  All  Souls  Universalist  Church, 
being  especially  active  in  the  educational  and  philan- 
thropic departments  of  the  society.  He  is  secretary  of 
the  New  York  Alumni  Association  of  St.  Lawrence 
University.  He  is  interested  in  several  local  financial 
institutions,  being  one  of  the  organizers  and  a  director 
of  the  Twenty-sixth  Ward  Bank.  Mr.  Gunnison  was 
the  fourth  son  of  the  late  Rev.  Nathaniel  Gunnison,  a 
well-known  Universalist  clergyman,  and  was  born  in 
Halifax,  N.  S.,  in  1858.  After  residing  in  the  state  of 
Maine  for  some  time  he  entered  the  classical  course  at 
St.  Lawrence  University  at  Canton,  N.  Y.  He  was 
graduated  there  in  1880,  and  received  his  master's 
degree  three  years  later.  He  came  to  Brooklyn  after 
graduation,  and  has  since  been  engaged  in  newspaper 
work,  most  of  the  time  on  the  staff  of  the  Brooklyn 
Eagle,  where  he  is  at  present  employed.  For  three 
years  he  was  the  Albany  correspondent  of  the  Eagle, 
and  acquired  a  large  acquaintance  among  politicians 
and  public  men  throughout  the  State.  He  is,  probably, 
best  known  as  the  editor  of  the  Eagle  Almanac.  He 
does  this  work  in  addition  to  managing  other  important 
departments  of  the  paper.  There  are  few  men  better 
acquainted  with  Brooklyn  and  Long  Island  of  to-day 
than  Mr.  Gunnison.  He  is  the  author  of  "Out  on  I,ong 
Island,"  concededly  the  best  modern  descriptive  book 
HEKKERT  F.  GuN.NisoN.  ^f  ^j^^  j^j^j.^^  pubHshed.    Mr.  Gunnison  has  also  lectured 

to  some  extent ;  his  address  recently  before  the  public  school  children  on  the  municipal  government  of 
Brooklyn  attracting  considerable  attention.  In  1886  he  married  Miss  Alice  May,  youngest  daughter  of 
the  late  John  May,  and  they  have  a  family  of  three  children. 

Malco.m  R.  Lawrence  has  won  the  good  will  of  all  his  fellow  members  in  the  Hanover.  He  is  a  native 
of  New  York  city,  where  he  lived  from  the  time  of  his  birth  in  1855  until  i860,  when  his  parents  moved 
to  Brooklyn.  His  education  was  obtained  entirely  at  the  public  schools.  In  1876  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  passing  the  examination  of  New  York  county.  He  began  his  legal  life  as  a  subordinate  in  the  office 
of  his  brother,  but  in  iS8i  he  assisted  in  organizing  the  present  firm  of  McCarthy,  Lawrence  &  Buckley. 
Mr.  Lawrence  makes  a  specialty  of  mercantile  law,  but  has  also  a  great  amount  of  general  practice.  In 
1880  he  married  Miss  Sheffield  of  this  city.     He  is  a  Mason  and  a  member  of  the  Aurora  Grata  Club. 

Jeremiah  T.  Story  was  born  in  Coxsackie,  N.  Y.,  on  December  16,  1848.  He  was  educated  at  the 
district  schools,  and  when  old  enough  to  go  to  work  found  employment  in  a  store  at  Durham,  N.  Y.  He 
remained  there  one  year.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  began  study  in  Eastman's  Business  College  at  Pough- 
keepsie.  He  came  to  Brooklyn  in  October,  1866,  and  spent  the  succeeding  four  years  as  a  clerk  in  the 
employ  of  different  mercantile  firms  ;  in  1870  he  became  a  canvasser  with  Wilcox  &  Gibbs,  and  eventually 
filled  several  very  important  positions  in  their  service.  Later  he  engaged  in  business  independently,  but 
after  a  short  time  connected  himself  with  the  Butterick  Publishing  Company.  In  1876  he  opened  a  coal 
office  at  the  foot  of  Rush  street  ;  his  venture  prospered  and  he  has  now  various  branches  throughout 
the  city.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Hanover  and  Union  League  clubs.  He  married  Miss  Margrita  de  Mena 
of  Boston. 


SOCIAL   CLUBS   AND    SOCIAL   LIFE. 


909 


Oxford  Club  House,  Lafayette  Avenue  and  South  Oxford  Street. 


OXFORD   CLUB. 

One  of  the  most  conservative  of  the  clubs  is  the  Oxford,  which  was  incorporated  in  June,  1880,  and 
was  organized  with  the  following  list  of  officers:  A.  C.  Barnes,  president;  John  A.  Nichols,  vice-president; 
James  Mitchell,  treasurer;  Henry  T.  Richardson,  secretary.  The  property  on  the  northwest  corner  of 
Lafayette  avenue  and  South  Oxford  street  was  purchased  of  Mrs,  John  D.  Norris  for  $45,000,  and  the 
building  was  converted  into  a  club  house  The  natural  growth  of  the  club  demanding  increased 
accommodation,  the  adjacent  lot  on  Lafayette  avenue  was  subsequently  built  upon.  The  home  of  the 
Oxford  is  now  most  conveniently  and  sumptuously  furnished,  the  room  gained  by  the  erection  of  the 
extensions  being  utilized  to  render  the  apartments  spacious  and  dignified.  The  aims  of  the  club  are 
exclusively  social,  literary,  and  artistic.  No  active  part  is  taken  in  politics,  as  the  membership  is  made  up  of 
men  of  all  shades  of  political  belief.  During  the  social  season  the  club  is  in  the  habit  of  furnishing  musi- 
cal and  literary  entertainments  to  its  members,  on  the  third  Saturday  of  each  month.  These  occasions 
have  become  features  of  the  social  life  of  the  city  ;  one  of  the  most  interesting  of  its  entertainments  is 
its  annual  "  ladies'  day."  The  membeiship  is  340.  An  art  and  library  association  has  been  formed,  in  which 
were  merged  the  old  art  and  library  committee.  W.  S.  Taylor  is  its  president,  and  the  association  has  more 
than  160  members,  each  of  whom  has  pledged  himself  to  pay  $5.00  per  year  for  the  purpose  of  purchasing 
books  and  pictures  for  the  club.  It  is  intended  to  pursue  this  plan  until  the  club  has  an  art  collection  and 
a  library  second  to  those  of  no  other  club  in  the  city.  The  Oxford  has  reached  an  age  when  conservatism  is 
not  only  an  element  of  dignity,  but  a  necessity  to  continued  prosperity.  The  officers  are:  William  Berri, 
president;  Horace  J.  Morse,  vice-president;  Eugene  Britton,  treasurer;  William  C.  Bowers,  secretary. 

Prominent  among  the  club  men  of  the  city  is  William  Berri,  who  at  this  writing  is  in  his  second 
term  as  president  of  the  Oxford  Club;  he  was  for  two  terms  president  of  the  Lincoln  Club  during  its  most 
successful  period,  and  he  is  enrolled  as  a  member  of  the  Hanover,  Brooklyn,  Montauk,  and  Union  League 
clubs.  He  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  on  September  12,  1848,  and  having  received  a  common  school  educa- 
tion, supplemented  by  a  special  mercantile  business  course,  he  entered  the  carpet  business  established 
in  1859  by  his  father,  the  late  William  Berri.  In  1870  the  firm  became  AVilliam  Berri  &  Sons,  by  the 
admission  of  William  Berri,  Jr.,  and  his  brother,  Eugene  D.  Berri.  The  father  dying  in  1874,  the  firm 
name  of  William  Bern's  Sons  was  adopted;  and  on  the  retirement  of  Eugene  D.  Berri,  in  1889,  William  Berri 
became  the  sole  owner  of  the  business.  Outside  of  his  regular  business  he  has  been  active  in  journalistic 
affairs.  Two  flourishing  trade  journals  published  in  New  York  are  edited  by  him— the  Carpet  and 
Upholstery  Trade  Review  and  the  Furniture  Trade  Review.      The  former  journal  was  begun  by  Mr.  Berri  in 


9IO 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


1870.  Brooklyn  journalism  also  has  the  benefit  of  his  counsel  and  pen,  as  he  is  one  of  the  principal 
owners  and  editors  of  the  Brooklyn  Standard-Union.  His  membership  in  the  New  York  Press  Club 
dates  almost  from  the  founding  of  the  club,  and  he  has  always  taken  an  active  interest  in  its  affairs.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  International  League  of  Press  Clubs,  and  was  the  originator  of 
the  idea  of  an  International  Home  for  Aged  and  Infirm  Journalists.  His  activity  in  Brooklyn  interests  has 
been  marked,  and  e.xtends  to  its  charities,  its  financial  institutions,  and  its  social  organizations.    He  was  for 


William  Berri. 


three  years  the  president  of  the  Brooklyn  Choral  Society,  and  it  is  largely  due  of  his  efforts  that  this 
flourishing  organization  has  been  developed  to  its  present  power.  He  was  an  incorporator  of  the  Kings 
County  Bank,  and  of  the  Hamilton  and  Kings  County  Trust  companies.  Among  the  charitable  and 
beneficiary  institutions  with  which  he  is  identified  are  the  Royal  Arcanum,  the  Legion  of  Honor,  the 
Memorial  Hospital,  etc.     In  politics  he  has  always  been  a  conscientious  and  active  Republican. 

Horace  J.  Morse  was  born  in  Norwalk,  Ohio,  in  1838,  and  after  receiving  his  education,  came  east  to 
Connecticut,  from  which  state  his  parents  went  to  the  west.  When  the  civil  war  began  he  was  clerk  in  a 
bank  in  Hartford.  He  entered  the  service  of  the  state  and  was  appointed  on  the  staff  of  Governor  Wil- 
liam A.  Buckingham,  and  during  the  last  three  years  of  the  war  he  ranked  as  adjutant-general  and  chief  of 
staff  and  devoted  his  entire  time  to  raising,  arming,  equipping,  and  turning  over  to  the  general  govern- 
ment the  Connecticut  state  troops.  In  1867  he  came  to  New  York  and  engaged  in  the  banking  business; 
he  is  a  member  of  the  firm  of  A.  M.  Kidder  &  Co.  He  is  vice-president  of  the  O.xford  Club  and  is  also 
a  member  of  the  Union  League  and  Riding  and  Driving  clubs.  In  1862  he  married  Frances,  the  daughter 
of  Lewis  Trask,  at  Hartford,  Conn.     He  is  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  Washington   Avenue   Baptist  Church. 

Eugene  Britton  was  born  in  New  York  city  on  March  i,  1839.  He  came  to  Brooklyn  in  1859  to  take 
the  management  of  the  Knickerbocker  Ice  Company,  in  which  he  is  one  of  the  oldest  stockholders.  He 
relinquished  his  official  connection  with  the  company  in  1862.  Mr.  Britton  enlisted  in  the  7th  Regiment, 
N.  G.,  S.  N.  Y.,  in  1858,  and  went  to  Washington  at  the  beginning  of  the  civil  war.  In  1878  he  engaged  in 
the  brewing  business  and  he  is  president  of  the  Leavy  &  Britton  Brewing  Company.  He  is  a  director  of  the 
National  City  Bank  of  Brooklyn  and  of  the  Broadway  Savings  Bank  of  New  York.     His  social  inclinations 


SOCIAL   CLUBS    AND    SOCIAL   LIFE. 


911 


Eugene  Britton. 


have  made  him  an  important  factor  in  the  Oxford,  the  Marine  and  Field 
Aurora  Grata,  and  Germania  clubs  of  Brooklyn,  and  the  yth  Regiment 
Veteran  Club  of  New  York.  He  takes  an  active  part  in  masonic  matters 
and  has  attained  the  32°  in  that  order.  He  is  also  a  Grand  Army  man, 
and  a  comrade  of  Lafayette  Post,  No.  140,  of  New  York  city.  In  Septem- 
ber, i860,  he  married  Caroline,  daughter  of  the  late  John  F.  Van  Riper, 
of  New  York.  Their  home  at  12  St.  James  place  is  filled  with  an  admir- 
able collection  of  modern  paintings  by  foreign  and  American  artists. 

Among  the  charter  members  of  the  club  is  Pascal  C.  Burke,  a  native 
of  Windsor,  Conn.  He  is  fifty-seven  years  old,  and  for  forty-si.x  years 
of  his  life  has  been  a  resident  of  Brooklyn.  Here  he  obtained  his  educa- 
tion and  made  his  home  after  embarking  in  business  in  1863.  For  thirty 
years  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  importing  house  of  Ives  &  Burke, 
New  York.  He  was  at  one  time  a  member  of  the  New  York  Board  of 
Trade.  In  addition  to  his  O.xford  Club  membership,  he  is  on  the  roll  of 
the  Crescent  Club.  His  wife  was  Miss  Jennie  A.  Swalm,  of  Brooklyn. 
His  tastes  are  in  the  direction  of  the  fine  arts. 

Among  the  representative  younger  men  of  Brooklyn  is  Adolph  E.  Smylie,  who  was  born  in  this  city  on 
June  23,  i860.  He  was  a  pupil  at  public  school  No,  16,  and  afterwards  spent  three  years  at  Temple  Acad- 
emy under  the  tutorship  of  Prof.  H.  Beauchamp  Temple.  In  1875  he  entered  the  employ  of  the  Have- 
meyer  &  Elder  Sugar  Company.  After  the  death  of  his  father,  which  occurred  in  1S81,  his  services  were 
engaged  by  the  house  of  Young  &  Smylie,  and  in  1886  he  was  admitted  to  partnership.  On  December  10, 
1884,  he  married  Miss  Lizzie  Imogene  Crittenden,  a  lady  well  known  in  Brooklyn  social  life.  He  has  col- 
lected a  number  of  fine  art  productions  which  adorn  the  walls  of  his  home  at  188  Lefferts  place  He  is  a 
prominent  member  of  the  Oxford  and  Crescent  clubs  and  of  DeWitt  Council,  Royal  Arcanum. 

James  L.  Ross  has  been  a  member  of  the  club  since  1885,  and  a  leading  member  of  various  committees. 
He  was  born  at  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  in  October,  1846,  and  came  to  Brooklyn  with  his  parents  three  years 
later,  where  he  received  his  education  at  the  public  schools  and  the  Polytechnic  Institute.  In  1868  he 
joined  his  father  in  the  lumber  business,  and  has  been  for  years  a  member  of  the  firm  of  G.  Ross  & 
Sons,  of  Brooklyn.  In  1872  he  married  Miss  Annie  E.  Goodwin,  daughter  of  the  late  Charles  Goodwin. 
He  resides  at  279  Clermont  avenue.  His  favorite  sport  is  bowling,  and  he  is  chairman  of  the  club 
committee  having  that  sport  in  charge  and  for  two  years  was  captain  of  the  club  team.    He  is  a  member  of 

the  Crescent  and  Lincoln  clubs. 

Edwin  A.  Thrall  has  been  an  active  member 
and  a  promoter  of  the  interests  of  the  club  since  1887. 
He  was  born  in  1842,  at  Torrington,  Conn.,  where  his 
father  and  five  other  generations  of  his  family  have 
lived,  on  land  which  was  settled  in  1762  by  Joel  Thrall, 
who  emigrated  from  Scotland  about  that  time.  The 
family  hold  the  patent  to  the  property,  signed  by 
George  HI.  Mr.  Thrall  received  a  common  school 
education  and  began  his  business  life  at  the  age 
of  fifteen.  Five  years  later  he  was  among  the 
first  to  volunteer  his  services  in  support  of  the 
Union  cause.  He  passed  through  the  severest  part 
of  the  civil  strife,  and  during  the  three  years  that 
he  remained  in  service  he  participated  in  fourteen 
battles  and  was  wounded  several  times.  In  1865  he 
received  an  honorable  discharge  and  was  granted  a 
pension.  Upon  returning  home  he  resumed  work 
as  a  clerk  in  a  jewelry  store,  where  he  remained 
until  1878.  Then  he  began  business  for  himself  in 
New  York  and  has  carried  it  on  with  marked  suc- 
cess. He  has  reached  the  highest  degrees  in  ma- 
sonry and  is  a  member  of  the  Aurora  Grata  Club.  He 
makes  the  St.  George  Hotel  his  home.  Angling  is  his 
favorite  recreation  and  he  is  conceded  to  be  an  expert 

' I        at  whipping  a  trout    stream,  or  reeling  in  a  bass  or 

Edwin  A.  Thrall.  pickerel. 


912 


THE    EAGLE    AND   BROOKLYN. 


- --     - -'  One  of  the  first  men   to  join  the  club  after   its   incorporation   was 

Warren  S.  Sillcocks,  who  is  to-day  one  of  the  oldest  directors  in  office 
^^««|^g»\^  and  the  chairman  of  its  auditing  committee.    He  was  born  in  New  Bruns- 

Mtm^  wick,   N.  J.,   on   September   23,   1833.     His  mother's  grandfather,  Isaac 

■■f     '0H^%  Emmons,  was  a  martyr  of  the  prison  ships  ;   his  body  is  interred  in  the 

W  i^i  martyrs'  tomb  at  Fort  Greene.     Mr.  Sillcocks  obtained  his  education  in 

New  Brunswick  and  began  business  life  in  1863.  He  was  in  the  jewelry 
trade  until  1S75,  when  he  became  president  of  the  Celluloid  Novelty  Com- 
pany, of  New  York.  In  1859  he  was  married  to  Mary,  daughter  of  Simon 
Wyckoff,  of  Brooklyn.  He  embarked  in  business  with  little  capital;  he 
attributes  his  success  to  energy  and  perseverance  ;  and  he  can  be  classified 
among  the  strictly  self-made  men  of  Brooklyn.  He  has  been  a  member  of 
the  Lafayette  Avenue  Presbyterian  Church  since  1878  and  has  served  nine 
years  on  its  board  of  trustees.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  board  of  trus- 
tees of  the  Homoeopathic  Hospital. 

Among  those  who  have  been  mem-      f 
hers  of  the  club  ten  years  or  more,  and 

who  have  attained  a  high  degree  of  prominence  in  social  and  business 

circles,  is  Abijah  H.  Topping.    He  was  born  on  April  14,  1S40,  in  Rocka- 

way,  N.  J.,  in  which  village  his  father  was  a  prosjierous  merchant.    He  was 

educated  at  the  Bloomfield  Academy,  at  Bloomfield,  N.  J.,  and  at  an  early 

age  obtained  employment  in  a  general  store  at  Boonton,  N.  J.     In  the 

metropolis,  to  which  he  moved  in   i860,  he  experienced  no  difficulty  in 

procuring  employment,  and  he  made   rapid   progress.     For   twenty-four 

years  he  has  been  the  senior  partner  of  the  firm  of  Topping,  Maynard  & 

Hobron,  wholesale  dealers  in  hats.     Like  many  of  the  successful    mer- 
chants of  New  York  he  selected  Brooklyn  as  the  most  pleasant  location 

for  a  quiet  home  and  he  has  resided  here  since  1868.     Two  years  later  he 

married  Cornelia,  daughter  of  the  late  Gerrit  Smith.     He  is  a  frequent 

and  welcome  visitor  at  the  Hanover  and  Aurora  Grata  clubs,  of  which  he 

is  a  member.     He  is  a  32°  mason  and  was  one  of  the  promoters  of  the 

Masonic  cathedral.     The  East  Congregational  Church  is  his  chosen  place 


Wakren  s.  Sillcocks. 


Abijah  H.  Topping. 


Alvy  W.  Momeyek. 


of  worship  and  he  is  president  of  its  board  of  trustees. 
Driving  is  his  chief  source  of  pleasure  and  he  spends 
much  of  his  leisure  time  in  this  way.  He  has  a  stable 
of  fine  horses  and  is  well  known  on  the  road.  In 
politics  he  is  a  Republican. 

A  prominent  man  in  club  life  is  Alvy  W.  Momeyer 
who  is  a  member  of  the  Brooklyn,  the  Union  League, 
and  Aurora  Grata  clubs,  besides  being  a  valued  mem- 
ber of  the  Oxford.  He  was  born  in  McKeesport,  Pa., 
in  1856,  and  studied  at  the  public  schools  there  and 
at  the  high  school  in  Pittsburgh.  After  an  experience 
of  eight  years  as  teller  and  assistant  cashier  of  the 
People's  Bank  of  McKeesport,  he  assisted  in  organ- 
izing the  American  Tube  and  Iron  Company,  of  which 
he  became  secretary  and  treasurer.  He  makes  his 
headquarters  at  the  main  office  of  his  company  in  New 
York  city.  Besides  being  interested  in  several  of 
Brooklyn's  financial  institutions,  he  has  large  realty 
investments  in  the  twenty-third  and  twenty-fourth 
wards.  His  principal  recreation  is  derived  from  the 
use  of  the  fine  horses  he  possesses,  and  he  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Parkway  Driving  Club.  In  1880  he  mar- 
ried Maynie,  daughter  of  George  Matheson  formerly 
of  Pittsburgh,  now  of  Brooklyn. 

One  of  the  members  of  the  club  who  have  credit- 
able military  records  is  Frederick  E.  Edgar.  His 
parents  were  residents  of  New  York  state,  his  father 


SOCIAL   CLUBS    AND    SOCL\L   LIFE. 


913 


^Ifc.-^ 


Frederick  E.  Edgar. 


being  of  Scotch  descent,  and  his  mother  a  Quakeress. 
The  former  served  continuously  for  eighteen  years  in 
the  1 2th  Regiment.  The  son  was  born  in  New  York 
city  on  July  18,  1842,  and  when  he  was  eight  years  of 
age  his  parents  made  their  home  in  Brooklyn,  the  son 
receiving  his  education  at  public  school  No.  i.  In  1855 
he  began  his  business  career  in  a  southern  commis- 
sion house  which  discontinued  business  at  the  begin- 
ning of  the  war,  thus  throwing  him  out  of  employment. 
He  then  offered  his  services  in  support  of  the  Union, 
and  enlisted  in  the  83d  N.  Y.  Volunteers  and  remained 
with  that  regiment  two  years.  He  was  transferred  to 
the  United  States  signal  corps,  and  served  with  dis- 
tinction four  years  longer.  Upon  returning  home  at 
the  close  of  the  war  he  joined  the  7th  Regiment,  and 
has  served  consecutively  twenty  years.  About  the 
same  time  he  entered  the  employ  of  the  Tradesman's 
National  Bank,  New  York,  in  which  he  has  occupied 
various  positions  of  responsibility.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  veteran  associations  of  both  the  7th  and  9th  regi- 
ments, and  is  enrolled  in  U.  S.  Grant  Post,  No.  327,  G. 
A.  R.  He  is  well  known  in  fraternal  society  circles, 
being  a  member  of  Philadelphia  Council,  Royal  Arca- 
num, and  of  Stella  Lodge,  485,  F.  &  A.  M.  On  May  27, 
1861,  he  married  Miss  Mary  A.,  daughter  of  David  L. 
Ceselman,  formerly  chief  engineer  of  the  New  York 
fire  department.  He  attends  the  Throop  Avenue  Presbyterian  Church.  His  politics  are  Republican. 
William  S.  Taylor,  who  has  been  a  member  of  the  club  since  i88i,has  been  one  of  its  directors  since 
1890,  and  recently  was  chosen  president  of  its  art  and  library  association.  He  was  born  in  Kent,  England, 
in  1827,  and  married  the  daughter  of  William  Woodruff,  a  wealthy  cotton  spinner  of  Ashcroft.  He  has  two 
sons,  the  eldest  of  whom  is  in  business  with  him,  and  who  is  also  a  member  of  the  Oxford  Club.  The  other  is 
engaged  in  business  in  Chicago.  Mr.  Taylor  and  his  wife  are  regular  attendants  at  the  Lafayette  Avenue 
Presbyterian  Church.  He  began  work  with  I.  &  N.  Phillips,  of  Manchester,  England,  and  remained  in  their 
employ  until  1855,  when  he  went  to  Toronto,  Canada,  and  connected  himself  with  the  firm  of  Ross&  Mitchell. 
The  firm  dissolved  partnership  in  i860,  and  he  came  to  New  York  and  engaged  in  business  with  John  C. 
Henderson.  At  the  end  of  two  years  he  opened  a  retail  drygoods  store  in  Jersey  City,  and  soon  after  began 
the  manufacture  of  ladies'  skirts  in  Brooklyn,  which  business  he  continued  for  a  number  of  years,  when  he 
formed  a  copartnership  with  William  Bloodgood,  and  leased  the  Essex  Felt  Mills,  the  largest  manufactory  of 
its  kind  in  the  country.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Manhattan  Club,  of  New  York. 

The  club  owes  much  of  its  success  socially  to  William  Owens,  Jr.,  who  has  been  an  active  member 
since  1884,  and  for  several  years  one  of  the  most  untiring  workers  on  the  social  committee.    He  was  born  in 

New  York  city  in  1856,  and  received  his  education  there.  He  chose  civil 
engineering  as  his  first  occupation,  and  for  several  years  held  a  position 
as  an  assistant  engineer  in  the  park  department  of  New  York  city.  In 
1880  he  engaged  in  the  general  insurance  business,  which  he  has  followed 
ever  since.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Crescent  Club  in  Brooklyn  and  of  the 
Insurance  Club  in  New  York.  He  married  a  daughter  of  William  Schwarz- 
waelder,  a  well  known  business  man  of  Brooklyn,  which  city  Mr.  Owens 
has  made  his  home  since  1881.  He  and  his  family  attend  the  Lafayette 
Avenue  Presbyterian  Church. 

William  M,  Cole  was  born  in  New  York  city,  but  moved  to  Brook- 
lyn when  a  boy.  He  was  graduated  at  the  College  of  the  City  of  New 
York,  from  which  he  received  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts.  For  the 
past  quarter  of  a  century  he  has  been  in  the  employ  of  the  Brooklyn  Life 
Insurance  Company,  serving  that  institution  first  as  secretary  and  now  as 
president.  For  ten  years  he  served  on  the  board  of  education,  having  been 
appointed  originally  by  Mayor  Powell  and  subsequently  by  Mayors  Hun- 
ter and  Howell.  He  acted  for  a  time  as  chairman  of  the  board  and  was 
Williams  Taylor.  chairman    of   the    coniinittee   which    organized   the    present    high    school 


914 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


William  M.  Cole. 


system.  He  has  always  been  an  earnest  Democrat,  and  was  at  one  time 
active  as  a  member  of  the  general  committee.  He  served  as  president  of 
one  of  the  elevated  railroad  commissions  appointed  by  Mayor  Whitney, 
and  was  appointed  to  the  first  board  of  election  under  the  act  creating 
such  a  board  ;  but  he  was  unable  to  serve  because  of  his  membership  in 
the  board  of  education,  which  rendered  him  ineligible.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  New  York  Chamber  of  Commerce  and  of  the  Society  of  the 
Sons  of  the  Revolution.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Oxford,  Crescent  and 
Montauk  clubs  and  is  chairman  of  the  house  committee  of  the  latter. 

Henry  Burn  has  been  a  member  of  the  Oxford  Club  since  1887.  His 
name  is  also  on  the  list  of  members  of  the  Manhattan  Athletic  Club,  of 
New  York.  He  is  a  lover  of  horses,  and  one  of  his  means  of  recreation  is 
a  fine  team,  of  which  he  is  the  owner.  He  is  a  Brooklynite  in  all  things, 
being  a  native  of  this  city  and  having  an  important  connection  with  one 
of  the  local  industries.  He  was  general  manager  of  the  corporation 
known  as  the  Robert  Graves  Company,  whose  extensive  factory  in  South 
Brooklyn  has  produced  some  of  the  most  artistic  wall  papers  put  upon  the 
market.  All  his  business  life  has  been  passed  in  connection  with  this  house,  and  he  has  risen  by  the  aid  of 
industry  and  merit  from  the  humble  position  of  office  boy  to  the  highest  position  in  the  establishment.  His 
parents  were  old  residents  of  Brooklyn.  Born  in  1856,  he  was  educated  at  private  schools  and  began  to 
learn  the  practical  side  of  life  in  187 1,  as  a  boy  in  the  office  of  Robert  Graves  &  Co.,  from  which  firm  the 
present  corporation  was  evolved.  The  Robert  Graves  Company  has  lately  become  incorporated  with  the 
National  Wall  Paper  Company,  an  organization  which,  with  a  capital  of  $25,000,000,  practically  controls  the 
wall  paper  industry  of  the  United  States.  Of  this  enterprise  Mr.  Burn  is  president,  still  retaining  control  of 
the  Robert  Graves  establishment  and  its  individual  interests.  He  is  a  widower ;  his  wife,  whom  he  married 
in  1877,  was  Ada  L.  Lawrence,  daughter  of  John  B.  Lawrence,  of  Brooklyn;  she  died  on  August  g,  1892, 
leaving  three  children. 

An  active  member  of  the  club  is  Augustus  Mackenzie,  born  in  Columbia  County,  N.Y.,  in  1854,  of  Scotch 
parentage.  Subsequently  his  family  moved  to  New  York  city,  where  he  was  educated  at  the  public  schools. 
His  first  occupation  was  as  a  fireman  on  a  Hudson  River  steamboat.  Having  conceived  a  desire  to  follow  the 
sea,  he  obtained  a  place  in  the  fire  room  of  an  ocean  steamer,  but  eventually  found  the  way  back  to  his 
former  occupation.  In  1873  he  became  an  engineer,  and  remained  on  the  Hudson  River  steamers  in  that 
capacity  several  years.  In  1882  he  engaged  in  the 
marine  insurance  business  in  New  York,  and  he  also 
acts  as  an  inspector  and  surveyor  of  damages.  He 
has  met  with  much  success,  and  is  largely  interested 
financially  in  local  passenger  steamers  and  tow  boats. 
He  stands  high  in  the  masonic  circles  and  is  a  mem- 
ber of  Clinton  Commandery,  14,  Knights  Teinplars. 
On  October  5,  18S1,  he  married  Alice,  daughter  of 
George  S.  McCormack.  Their  home  is  at  122  St. 
Mark's  avenue. 

Among  the  ancestors  of  Count  .^lphonse  de  Ries- 
THAL  was  a  crusader  in  the  train  of  the  Count  of 
Toulouse,  Three  hundred  years  later  another  mem- 
ber of  that  family  distinguished  himself  in  the  war  with 
England  as  a  follower  of  the  Sieur  du  Guesclin,  con- 
stable of  France,  under'the  leadership  of  Jeanne  d' 
Arc.  Again  in  the  sixteenth  century  a  de  Riesthal  won 
honor  and  distinction  for  his  house,  dying  at  Pavia  in 
defence  of  his  king,  Francis  the  First,  when  that  mon- 
arch was  made  prisoner  by  Charles  the  Fifth.  In  1793 
the  great  grandfather  of  the  present  bearer  of  the 
name  fell  under  the  displeasure  of  the  triumvirate  that 
rose  to  power  during  the  Reign  of  Terror,  and  was 
guillotined  as  an  "  aristocrat  "—about  the  only  crime 
recognized  during  that  awful  period.  Count  de  Ries- 
thal, now  a  resident  of  this  city,  served  in  the  French 
army  through  the  Crimean  war  and  he  resisjned   his  Augustus  Mackenzie. 


9i6 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


Alphonse  De  Riesthal. 


commission  in  1855.  In  1S59  he  was  made  superintendent  of  important 
railroad  interests  at  Vienna,  and  iiad  charge  of  a  section  of  road  built  by 
French  capitalists  for  the  Austrian  government.  In  1S64  he  came  to 
America,  and  in  1869  established  himself  in  New  York  as  an  importer  of 
china,  glassware,  and  lamp  goods.  Since  t866  he  has  resided  in  Brooklyn, 
and  is  now  a  resident  of  the  nineteenth  ward,  his  home  being  at  200 
Hewes  street.  He  is  popular  in  social  circles,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
O.xford  and  Union  clubs.  He  is  proud  of  his  American  citizenship  antl 
makes  no  pretentions  to  his  title. 

Edwin  Ludlam  was  born  in  New  York  in  1841  but  in  his  childhood 
his  parents  moved  to  Brooklyn,  where  he  was  educated  at  Dwight's  school. 
At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  was  employed  by  the  firm  of  Abernethy,  Collins 
&:  Co.  In  1862  he  went  into  business  for  himself  and  in  1872  retired  to 
accept  the  presidency  of  the  People's  Gas  Light  Company,  which  office  he 
retains.  He  was  elected  president  of  the  Wallabout  Bank  in  1890,  but 
resigned  in  1S92  ;  he  is  one  of  the  directors  of  the  bank.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  0-\ford  and  Crescent  clubs  and  of  the  Brooklyn  Institute. 

Among  physicians  who  are  members  of  the  club  is  Edward  J.  Whitney,  M.  D.,  who  has  been  a  well- 
known  practitioner  in  Brooklyn  thirty  years.  He  was  born  in  New  York  in  1839  and  received  his  medical 
degree  at  New  York  University  in  1S62.  Soon  after  his  graduation  he  joined  the  medical  department  of 
the  United  States  army  and  served  until  he  was  honorably  mustered  out  in  1865  with  the  brevet  rank  of 
lieutenant-colonel.  Since  that  time  he  has  resided  in  Brooklyn.  He  is  an  admirable  judge  of  paintings,  a 
lover  of  rare  books,  and  a  good  conversationalist.  To  him  is  due  largely  the  success  of  the  social  events 
at  the  O.xford  Club,  of  which  he  has  been  a  member  since  its  organization,  and  in  which  he  is  a  director  and 
the  chairman  of  the  social  committee.  In  1S67  he  married  Miss  Mary  L.  Shipman,  who  died  on  April  30, 
1890.  He  has  been  a  contributor  to  the  various  medical  journals  of  New  York  and  was  at  one  time  a 
lecturer  on  diseases  of  the  throat  in  the  opthalmic  course  of  the  New  York  Homoeopathic  Medical  College. 
In  1646  James  Hubbard  was  granted  a  patent  by  the  Dutch  governor  to  hold  property  in  Gravesend, 
Kings  County,  where  his  descendants  have  lived  as  landed  proprietors  ever  since.  From  this  branch  of  the 
family,  comes  Harmanus  B.  Hubbard,  who  was  born  in  Brooklyn  in  1836,  received  his  education  in  this 
city,  and  stud^ied  law  under  General  Harmanus  B.  Duryea.  In  1865  he  served  under  the  latter  in  a  military 
capacity,  first  as  colonel  and  later  as  assistant  adjutant-general.     During  the  past  sixteen  years  he  has 

given  strict  attention  to  his  law  business.  He  was  an 
active  member  of  the  Young  Men's  Democratic  Club 
and  succeeded  Alfred  C.  Chapin  as  its  president, 
serving  two  years.  He  has  been  identified  with  the 
Brooklyn  and  Oxford  clubs,  the  St.  Nicholas  Society 
of  Brooklyn,  and  the  Holland  Society  of  New  York. 
He  was  one  of  the  charter  members  of  the  Brooklyn 
Riding  and  Driving  Club  and  has  always  found  his 
chief  recreation  in  driving  the  valuable  horses  in  his 
possession.  He  attends  St.  James'  Episcopal  Church. 
In  1859  he  married  Margaret,  daughter  of  Samuel 
McKay,  an  old  and  highly  esteemed  resident  of  Long 
Island. 

James  Rice,  Jr.,  came  to  Brooklyn  with  his  parents 
in  1856,  being  then  seven  years  old;  he  was  born  in 
New  Haven,  Conn.  After  graduation  at  the  Poly- 
technic Institute  he  obtained  a  situation  with  Starr  & 
Marcus,  with  whom  he  remained  until  1875,  when  he 
began  business  for  himself  as  a  dealer  in  diamonds 
in  New  York.  Besides  the  Oxford,  the  Lincoln  and 
Union  League  clubs  count  him  as  a  member  and  he 
is  one  of  the  art  committee  of  the  last  named  organi- 
zation. He  is  considered  a  connoisseur  in  art  matters 
and  is  the  owner  of  some  fine  specimens  of  the  work  of 
American  artists. 

Abijah  Whitney,  one  of  the  prominent  members 
of  the  club,  is  one  of  the  oldest  living  members  of 


Harmanus  B.  Hubbard. 


SOCIAL   CLUBS   AND    SOCIAL    LIFE. 


917 


Plymouth  Church.  He  was  elected  alderman  from  the  twentieth  ward  during  President  Grant's  second 
term,  and  served  one  year  as  supervisor.  He  has  resided  in  Brooklyn  since  1835  and  is  a  member  of  the 
Society  of  Old  Brooklynites.  Born  on  August  23,  1S14,  at  Bellvale,  in  the  town  of  Warwick,  Orange 
County,  N.  Y.,  he  worked  on  a  farm  while  a  boy,  attending  school  during  such  months  as  he  could  be  spared 
from  work.  Leaving  the  farm  at  the  age  of  sixteen  he  came  to  New  York  and  entered  the  employ  of 
Oliver  B.  Burtis.  In  1838  he  began  business  for  himself,  and  in  1867  he  opened  an  insurance  broker's  office 
and  has  since  then  continued  in  that  business  with  the  assistance  of  his  son,  F.  V.  Whitney.  In  1877  he 
acciuired  an  interest  in  a  piano  business,  and  with  his  son,  took  control  of  the  manufacture  of  the  piano  now 
known  as  the  "  Whitney."  In  1838  he  married  Elizabeth  J.  Turner.  Dr.  E.  J.  Whitney  and  F.  V.  Whitney 
are  his  surviving  sons. 

Among  the  comparatively  young  but  popular  members  of  the  Oxford  Club  is  Walter  K.  Rossiter, 
secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Fulton  Gas  Company.  He  was  educated  at  the  Brooklyn  Polytechnic  Insti- 
tute and  began  his  business  life  with  the  Hudson  River  Railroad  Company.  Upon  leaving  the  employ  of 
that  company  he  engaged  in  the  brokerage  business  on  Wall  street,  became  a  member  of  the  Produce 
Exchange,  and  remained  there  nine  years  until  he  accepted  his  present  position.  In  187 1  he  married  Emily 
K.,  daughter  of  Joshua  C.  Mayo,  of  South  Carolina. 

MONTAUK  CLUB. 

By  the  architectural  beauty  of  its  home  as  well  as  by  the  standing  of  its  members,  the  Montauk  Club 
takes  high  rank  among  the  social  organizations  of  Brooklyn.     Its  growth  has  kept  pace  with  the  constantly 


Montauk  Club  House,  Lincoln  Place  and  Eichth  Avenue. 
increasing  needs  of  a  fashionable  and  exclusive  section  of  the  city.  The  club  house  is  situated  on  a  plot 
bounded  by  Eighth  avenue,  Lincoln  place,  and  the  Plaza  circle  ;  it  commands  an  extensive  view  o  the 
woods  and  fields  of  Prospect  Park  from  one  side,  and  of  New  York  Harbor,  the  Narrows,  Staten  Island  and 
the  New  Jersey  shore  from  the  other.  The  building  is  Venetian  in  design,  with  all  '-.  f  "^f  ^^  J  °^- 
gias,  balconies,  and  rose  windows.  It  includes  four  stories  and  a  basement.  The  materials  -  ^  'n  its  con- 
struaion  vary  in  shades  from  a  dark  brown  to  a  tawny  yellow;  but  they  are  "^.^^^/^  ^^™  ^Ysement  ^ 
ably  that  there  is  nothing  in  the  combination  to  offend  the  most  sensitive  artistic  taste.     1  he  basement  is 


9iS 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


1 


of  Long  Meadow  brownstone,  dark  in  color,  and  the  first  story,  as  far  as  the  second  story  window  sills 
presents  a  mixture  of  the  same  material  toned  oat  by  ruddy  Runcorn  stone.  From  the  second  story  to  the 
roof,  the  structure  is  of  a  tawny  yellow  brick,  with  terra-cotta  trimmings.  The  roof  is  covered  with  glazed 
Spanish  tiles,  dark  reddish  brown  in  color.  Around  the  entire  building,  just  above  the  third  story  windows 
is  a  frieze  which  represents,  in  terra-cotta  relief  work,  certain  famous  events  in  the  history  of  Lono-  Island 
The  main  entrance,  on  Eighth  avenue,  is  approached  by  a  flight  of  massive  stone  steps  and  the  door  is 
under  an  archway  elaborately  carved  and  ornamented.  The  arrangement  of  the  interior  is  the  result  of 
observations  made  in  the  fashionable  clubs  of  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Boston,  and  other  cities.  On  the 
first  floor  there  is  a  richly  furnished  reception  room,  a  reading  room,  a  morning  room,  and  a  well-arranged 


a  ,  a  1  openmg  mto  the  main  hall  and  connecting  with  each  other.  The  second  floor  contains  the  billiard 
a   d  c^  d  rooms,  and  an  apartment  used  for  directors'  meetings.     The  third  floor  is  occupied  by  the  large 

Z:    fl    '  ''T    r     ?';^  ""™  ^"''  ■''"''  ""'^  "  '^^''"'  P"*-^"^-     The  main  dining  room  >s  finished  in  light 

Wauk  Pm"  '   "  ™""'  °'  ''"'''^'  ''°°"'  '"'°  ''''''''  apartments.     The  organization  of  the 

tl  r  e  <;  N 'n  "'""''^'^"^  ^y  twenty-five  men,  who  held  an  initial  meeting  on  December  13,  x888,  at 
ha  utt  ^-  ^/-  P^V^"/^-.^  P'-e;  meeting  followed  meeting  until  the  following  Febru.u'y,  when, 
T      c  r    fiV         f    '  «"'«--,bers,  the  plan  of  the  club  had  been  practically  outlined  in  all  its  details! 

a  hree  torv  h  '""^^P^-^t^'""  ^™^  ^'^^"^^'^  '"'  ^^^h  ::,  1889.  Toward  the  last  of  March  in  the  same  year 
clu     rem  ",H    n">  I  "' ''  '''^^'''  '^"""'^  "^^  '"'■^^' ^°^  temporary  occupation,  and  there  the 

u     mn  0  ;         l--e"t  home  was  completed.     The  site  of  the  new  club  house  was  purchased  in  the 

for    he   1' t?'        "n       ,       ^'°'°°°'  '''  "^--'™^t«  --e  -o  by  rxy  by  xxo  feet.     Ground  was  broken 

ourteenth  of    1     ^^  "'■'"'^T  ''  ']'^'  ^"^  ^^^  corner-stone  was  laid,  with  appropriate  ceremonies,  on  the 

fourteenth  of  the  following  December.    The  club  house  was  occupied  for  the  first  time  in  May,  1891  having 


SOCIAL   CLUBS   AND    SOCIAL    LIFE. 


919 


cost,  exclusive  of  the  site,  $162,686.  Tlie  furnishing  called  for  the  expenditure  of  $29,586  additional; 
making  a  total  of  $232,272.  The  membership  of  the  Montauk  is  limited  to  five  hundred,  and  the  roster 
was  nearly  filled  a  few  months  after  the  completion  of  the  magnificent  club  house.  Charles  A.  Moore  has 
been  president  since  its  organization  and  the  club  owes  much  of  its  prosperity  to  his  popularity  and  energy. 
The  other  officers  are  :  James  E.  Hayes,  vice-president ;  Edwin  H.  Sayre,  treasurer ;  Algernon  S.  Higgins, 
secretary. 

One  of  the  best  known  members  of  the  club  is  Timothy  L.  Woodruff.     He  is  the  son  of  John  Wood- 
ruff, a  descendant  of  some  of  the  early  settlers  of  Connecticut,  and  on  the  side  of  his  mother,  whose  maiden 
name  was  Harriet  J.  Lester,  he  is  a  descendant  of  the  Puritans.     He  was  born  in  New  Haven  on  August  4, 
1858.     After  a  preparatory  course  at  Phillips  Exeter  Academy  he  entered  Yale  University  in  1875,  and  was 
graduated  in  1879;  he  received  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts  in  1889.     Immediately  after  his  graduation 
he  became  a  student  at  Eastman's  National  Business  College  in  Poughkeepsie,  obtaining  his  diploma  from 
that  institution  in  November,  1879.      I"   1880  he  was  employed  by  Nash  &  Whiton,  salt  fish  and  provision 
merchants.      In  April  of  the  same  year  he   married  Miss  Cora  C.  Eastman,  daughter  of  the   late  H.  G. 
Eastman,  of  Poughkeepsie.      In  January,   1881,  he   was   admitted    to  the    firm    of  Nash  &  AVhiton,  the 
title  changing  to  Nash,  Whiton  &  Co.     He  became  a  resident  of  Brooklyn  in  the  spring  of  the  same  year. 
In    1887    he    was    proprietor   of    the    Franklin,    Commercial,   Nye    and   Waverly    stores,  and    of   the   two 
grain  elevators  on  Commercial  Wharf,  Atlantic  Dock.      On    the  organization,  in    January,   1888,   of   the 
Empire  Warehouse  Company,  which  embraces  nearly  every  warehouse  and  pier  on  the  Brooklyn  water  front, 
he  became  a  director  and  member  of  its  executive  committee.     In  May,  i888,  when  the  Brooklyn  Grain 
Warehouse  Company  was  organized  by  J.  S.  T.  Stranahan,  David  Dows,  A.  E.  Orr  and  others,  he  was  made 
a  director  and  the  secretary  of  the  company.     To  enumerate  the  companies  in  whose  management  he  has 
been  prominent  would  make  a  long  list.  Among  them  are  the  Kings  County  Trust  Company  and  the  Hamil- 
ton Trust  Company,  of  Brooklyn,  in  both  of  which  he  is  a  trustee,  and  the  New  York  Chamber  of  Commerce. 
In  1891  he  was  elected  president  of  the  City  Savings  Bank.     His  first  political  experience  was  gained  in  the 
Brooklyn  Young  Republican  Club  during  the  campaigns  of  1881  and  1883,  when  Seth  Low  was  elected  to  the 
mayoralty.     He  represented  the  tenth  assembly  district  in  the  Republican  state  convention  of  1885,  and  has 
been  a  delegate  from  that  district  to  all  succeeding  conventions.     In  1888  he  was  unanimously  chosen  to 
represent  the  second  congressional  district  in  the  Republican  national  convention  at  Chicago,  and  he  served 
on  the  executive  committee  of  the  Kings  County  Republican  campaign  committee  in  that  year.      In  18S9 
and  1890  he  represented  the  second  congressional  district  on  the  Republican  State  Committee,  and  he  was 
a   member   of   the    executive   committee    of   that   body.      He   was  one    of   the  World's  Fair  Committee, 
appointed  by  Mayor  Grant  in  November,  1889.      His 
social   functions  are  many  and  varied  ;    in   1885  and 
1886   he  was  vice-president  of   the    Bryant    Literary 
Society  ;  he  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Montauk 
Club,  and  is  now  a  director,  a  member  of  its  finance 
committee,  and  chairman  of   Us  entertainment  com- 
mittee; he  is  also  a  member  of  the  Riding  and  Driv- 
ing, the    Union    League,   and   the  Crescent   Athletic 
clubs.     His  home,  at   19  Seventh  avenue,  is  the  scene 
of  many  pleasant  hospitalities  dispensed  by  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Woodruff,  who  have  been  identified  with  chari- 
table and  religious  work  in  Brooklyn  since  their  mar- 
ried life  began.     They  are  members  of  the  Memorial 
Presbyterian  Church. 

Edward  I.  Horsman  was  born  in  New  York  city 
in  1843.  For  forty-six  years  he  has  been  a  citizen 
of  Brooklyn  and  has  become  prominently  identified 
with  its  interests.  Thirty-four  years  ago  he  obtained  a 
situation  with  Baton  &  Co.,  drygoods  importers,  New 
York,  with  which  firm  he  remained  until  he  was  of 
age,  when  he  became  an  importer,  manufacturer,  and 
dealer  in  toys  and  games  in  the  same  city.  By  virtue 
of  his  assiduity  and  enterprise  this  business  has  grown 
very  rapidly,  and  to-day  he  is  the  recognized  head  of 
the  wholesale  toy  trade  in  the  United  States.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  New  York  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce.    Mayor  Grant  appointed  him  a  member  of  the 


Edward  I.  Horsman. 


r)20 


THE    EAGLE   AND    BROOKLYN. 


I 


committee  on  the  national  e.xliibition  of  1S93,  and  he  was  one  of  the  original  representatives  from  Brooklyn 
his  associates  being  Alfred  C.  Chapin  and  Charles  A.  Moore.  He  made  strenuous  efforts  to  secure  the  fair 
for  New  York,  and  greatly  increased  the  number  of  the  delegates  who  went  from  Brooklyn  to  Washington 
to  support  the  claim  of  New  York  as  a  site  for  the  fair.  He  is  one  of  the  incorporators  of  the  Museum  of 
Arts  and  Sciences  ;  he  is  a  charter  member  of  the  Montauk  Club,  was  one  of  its  first  directors,  and  a  member 
of  the  site  and  the  building  and  furnishing  committees,  and  at  present  he  is  on  the  house  committee.  He 
is  also  a  member  of  the  Riding  and  Driving  Club.  In  1869  he  married  Miss  Florence  Benton,  the  youngest 
daughter  of  Colonel  Thomas  G.  Benton,  of  Suffolk,  Va.  He  has  been  a  member  of  St.  John's  P.  E.  Church 
nine  years,  and  is  its  senior  warden.  He  resides  at  223  Berkeley  place  in  the  winter,  and  at  his  house,  "Sea 
Rest,"  at  Monmouth  Beach,  during  the  summer  months. 

One  of  the  charter  members  of  the  club,  Ch.^rles  W.  Morse,  represents  in  New  York  extensive  busi- 
ness interests  in  the  state  of  Maine.  He  was  born  in  Bath,  Me.,  on  October  21,  1856,  and  the  common 
schools  gave  him  his  early  education  and    prepared    him  to  enter   Bowdoin  College,  where   he   took  his 


Charles  W.  Morse. 
degree  with  the  class  of  1877.  Benjamin  W.  Morse,  his  father,  was  one  of  the  most  prominent  ship  build- 
eis  m  the  state,  and  it  was  but  natural  that  his  son  should  enter  his  ofifice  at  Bath.  In  1877  he  was  sent  to 
New  York  to  care  for  the  nUerests  of  the  firm  in  that  city.  In  1884  he  married  Miss  Hattie  B.  Hussey,  of 
Brooklyn  the  daughter  of  the  well-known  stock  broker  of  that  name  in  New  York  ;  they  have  three  sons. 
Uunng  the  greater  part  of  the  year  he  lives  in  a  handsome  house  at  133  Lincoln  place,  but  his  summers  are 
spent  at  Bath,  Me.,  where  he  owns  a  beautiful  homestead.  In  that  city  he  is  a  director  and  the  largest  stock- 
holder of  the  Lincoln  National  Bank.  He  is  a  director  of  the  Sprague  National  Bank,  of  Brooklyn,  and 
president  of  the  Knickerbocker  Towing  Company  and  of  the  National  Ice  Company,  of  New  York.  In 
politics  he  IS  an  adherent  of  the  Republican  party.  He  derives  much  of  his  enjoyment  from  his  love  of 
music  and  art.  '  ■' 

Charles  Ends  Tavntor  is  known  and  esteemed  not  only  by  his  fellow  members  of  the  club,  but  by 
Brook  ynites  in  general.  He  was  born  in  West  Eaton,  Madison  County,  N.  Y.,  on  August  2,  1854,  and  was 
euucaled  at  Hamilton,  N,  Y.     After  leaving  school  he  studied  medicine,  but  soon  finding  that  the  life  of  a 


SOCIAL   CLUBS   AND    SOCIAL    LIFE. 


921 


Stephen  M.  Griswold, 


physician  was  not  to  his  liking,  he  abandoned  it  for  a 
mercantile  career,  establishing  himself  in  the  granite 
business  in  1884  at  239  Broadway,  where  he  is  at  pres- 
ent located,  in  partnership  with  his  brother,  Rufus  N. 
Tayntor.  He  married  Miss  Mary  A.  Hutchins,  of  Dan- 
ielsonville.  Conn.,  in  1887;  he  resides  at  131  Lincoln 
place.  He  is  a  member  of  the  New  York  Rifle  Club  and 
is  an  enthusiast  in  regard  to  rifle  shooting;  he  distin- 
guished himself  and  reflected  credit  upon  the  marks- 
men of  Brooklyn  by  defeating  the  English  champion 
rifle  shot  in  two  matches  in  1882. 

On  the  roster  of  the  Montauk  braves  there  are 
the  names  of  some  who  have  earned  reputation  in  the 
field  of  politics.  Among  these  is  Stephen  M.  Gris- 
wold, who  was  born  at  Windsor,  Conn.,  on  November 
22,  1834,  and  left  his  father's  farm  when  he  was  sixteen 
years  of  age  to  earn  his  livelihood  in  New  York.  In 
1857  he  engaged  in  the  jewelry  tratle  in  New  York,  and 
has  since  continued  in  that  business;  his  business 
connections  are  extensive  and  he  has  amassed  a  for- 
tune of  considerable  [M-oportions.  Since  the  days  of 
Fremont  he  has  been  a  Republican;  he  was  president 
of  the  Central  Club  of  Brooklyn  during  the  days  of 
secession,  and  he  was  active  in  chartering  the  steamer 
"Oceanus,"  which  sailed  for  Charleston  when  the 
United  States  government  sent  (Sen.  Anderson  to  that 
port  to  hoist  again  upon  the  staff  of  Fort  Sumter  the  flag  which,  three  years  before,  had  drooped  under  the 
fire  of  Beauregard's  batteries.  The  "Oceanus  "  conveyed  the  tidings  of  Lee's  surrender  to  the  citizens  of 
Charleston.  In  connection  with  the  late  Henry  Ward  Beecher,  Mr.  Griswold  brought  such  pressure  to  bear 
upon  the  management  of  the  Brooklyn  Academy  of  Music  that,  for  the  first  time  in  its  history,  the  stage 
of  the  bi.g  Montague  street  auditorium  was  thrown  open  to  a  woman  orator,  Miss  .^nna  E.  Dickinson  Si.\ 
years  of  Mr.  Griswold's  life  were  spent  in  the  public  service.     He  was  twice  elected  to  the  Brooklyn  board 

of  aldermen  and  once  to  the  state   senate,  and  in  each 
•- —   "-;-  ■,  ;'     ..     .'  -,..,    ,        ■        •         capacity  his  services  were  received  with  just  apprecia- 

tion. In  company  with  his  wife  he  has  almost  circum- 
navigated the  globe,  visiting  Egypt,  Palestine,  Asia 
Minor  and  Russia.  Their  experience  in  the  land  of 
the  Czar  was  marked  by  a  three  days'  sojourn  at  Yalta, 
where  they  were  the  guests  of  the  emperor  and  em- 
press and  Grand  Duke  Michael,  at  the  summer  palace 
of  the  imperial  family.  Mrs.  Griswold's  account  of 
their  travels,  entitled  "  A  Woman's  Pilgrimage,"  was 
published  in  book  form  and  had  a  large  sale.  Mr.  Gris- 
wold is  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Old  Brooklynites 
and  an  associate  member  of  U.  S.  Grant  Post,  No.  327, 
G.  A.  R.  In  his  fine  home  at  787  Carroll  street  he 
has  a  magnificent  library  and  is  the  possessor  of  many 
valuable  paintings,  statues  and  articles  of  bric-a-brac. 
He  was  one  of  the  incorporators  of  the  recently  estab- 
lished Lhiion  Bank,  on  F'ifth  Avenue,  of  which  he  is 
the  president. 

In  that  large  army  of  Brooklyn  men  who  contri- 
bute actively  to  New  York's  commercial  supremacy 
I.  M.  Whiie  stands  prominent.  He  was  born  in  the 
Eastern  District  in  1850,  but  ten  years  later  he  made 
his  home  in  the  Western  District,  where  he  has  since 
resided.  He  is  directly  descended  from  John  and 
Mary  White,  who  were  among  the  pilgrims  on  the 
J.  M.  White.  "  Mayflower,"  and  his  immediate  ancestors  for  at  least 


922 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 


Edward  F.  Keating. 


four  o-enerations  were  settled  on  Lent;  Island  in  the  village  of  Southampton.  His  great  grandfather,  James 
White  was  a  major  in  the  revolutionary  army,  Mr.  White  was  graduated  at  public  school  No.  15  m  the 
sprino-  of  1865,  and  soon  obtained  a  position  in  a  New  York  cotton  broker's  office,  where  gradual  advance- 
ment was  accorded  him  until,  in  1876,  he  became  a  partner  in  the  firm.  A  few  months  later  he  embarked 
in  business  on  an  independent  basis  and  has  since  achieved  success  as  a  broker  and  commission  merchant. 
He  was  one  of  the  first  members  of  the  New  York  Cotton  E.xchange,  and 
he  has  been  an  active  member  of  its  board  of  managers  for  a  number  of 
years.  He  built  and  owns  the  Criterion  Theatre,  Brooklyn,  which  was 
opened  by  Lester  Wallack  in  the  autumn  of  1SS5.     He  is  a  member  of 

the  Montauk,  Lincoln,  Marine  and  Field,  New  York,  and  Coney  Island  ,-  .^^  ,^^- 

Jockey  clubs. 

Prominent  among  the  younger  members  of  the  club  is  Edward  F. 
Keating,  a  native  of  Brooklyn  who  was  born  on  September  3,  1S59,  After 
completing  his  studies  at  St.  Peter's  Academy  he  began  work  with  a 
Brooklyn  company  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  lead  pipe,  transfer- 
ring his  services  at  the  end  of  five  years  to  the  New  \'ork  office  of  Morris, 
Trasker  &  Co.,  where  he  remained  till  that  establishment  was  discon- 
tinued. In  1885  he  began  business  for  himself  as  a  manufacturer  and 
dealer  in  pipes  and  steam  fittings  in  New  York,  and  succeeded  so  well  that 
he  soon  found  it  necessary  to  move  into  more  spacious  quarters.  He  has 
refused  several  overtures  from  manufacturing  companies  who  would  gladly 
have  paid  large  sums  to  secure  his  retirement  from  active  competition  and 
for  the  good  will  of  his  business.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Montauk,  Col- 
umbian and  Brooklyn  clubs,  and  thfe  Engineer's  Club,  of  New  York  ;  he  is  an  e.K-president  of  the  Emerald 
Association  and  of  Central  Council,  No.  37,  Catholic  Benevolent  Legion,  a  delegate  to  the  state  convention 
of  that  body,  and  a  member  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Orphan  Asylum  and  St.  Patrick's  societies.  He  wor- 
ships at  St.  Augustine's  Roman  Catholic  Church.  In  politics  he  unflinchingly  adheres  to  the  Democratic 
opinions  which  were  espoused  by  his  father,  who  was  long  prominent  in  the  si.xth  ward.  He  married  Miss 
Maggie  A.  McCrann,  of  this  city;   they  reside  in  a  handsomely  appointed  home  at  155  Prospect  place. 

(;eor(;e  H.  Fi.kix'hkr  was  graduated  at  the  law  school  of  the  University  of  the  City  of  New  York, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1874.  For  two  years  he  was  associated  with  the  legal  firm  of  Anderson  & 
Man,  whose  offices  were  on  Wall  street.     He  then  began  practice  on  his  own  account  and  his  first  case  led 

him  to  the  United  States  supreme  court ;  since  then  his 
practice  has  been  mainly  confined  to  the  federal  tribu- 
nals and  to  the  supreme  courts.  His  business  relates 
principally  to  corporation  interests  and  patent  litiga- 
tions. He  is  a  native  of  Vermont  and  was  born  at 
Lyndon,  where  his  father,  Joel  Fletcher,  and  his  mother, 
Zerviah  T.  Fletcher,  lived  for  some  years.  His  father 
after\\ards  became  a  resident  of  Minnesota  and  was 
mayor  of  Lake  City  and  president  of  the  Lake  City 
Bank.  George  H.  Fletcher  was  prepared  for  a  uni- 
versity career  at  St.  Johnsbury  Academy  in  his  native 
state  and  was  eventually  graduated  at  Dartmouth  Col- 
lege in  1872.  While  at  Dartmouth  he  was  a  member 
of  the  freshman  society  of  Delta  Kappa  and  the  frater- 
nity of  Delta  Kappa  Epsilon.  He  is  an  independent 
in  politics.  For  some  time  he  has  held  the  presidency 
of  the  Asbury  Park  Gas  Company.  He  came  to  Brook- 
lyn in  1875  and  resides  at  214  Lincoln  place;  his 
offices  are  in  New  York.  He  married,  on  September 
13,  1876,  Miss  Ida  Sharp. 

William  A.  Brown  is  of  New  England  lineage. 
The  ancestral  line  in  .\merica  goes  back  to  Abraham 
Browne,  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  of  Watertown, 
Mass.,  and  to  John  Browne,  who  came  from  England 
on  the  ship  "Lion,"  which  anchored  in  Boston  harbor 
on  September  i6,  1632.  The  Brown  family  is  trace- 
able to  John  Browne,  who  in   1376-77  was  alderman 


SOCIAL    CLUBS    AND    SOCL\L    LIFE. 


9^3 


William  A   Brown. 


of  Stamford,  England.  The  arms  of  the  Brown  family  are  a  shield  with 
mascles  and  mallets  quartered.  The  escutcheon  is  surmounted  by  a  corse- 
let and  a  stork's  head  with  knotted  neck.  The  grant  of  the  mallets  in  the 
arms  is  of  so  great  antiquity  that,  although  the  record  is  in  the  Herald's 
College,  the  date  is  unknown.  The  mascles  are  a  later  grant,  made  in 
1480,  to  Christopher  Browne  of  Stamford,  from  whom  William  A.  Brown 
is  directly  descended.  The  Browne  escutcheon  marks  one  of  only  two 
cases  in  which  two  grants  of  arms  have  been  made  to  the  same  family. 
Christopher  Browne  had  also  an  estate  in  County  Rutland,  known  as 
Tolethorpe,  which  still  bears  that  name  and  is  one  of  the  most  venerable 
landmarks  of  England.  The  Brownes  rebuilt  All  Saints  Church  in  Stam- 
ford after  the  War  of  the  Roses,  and  in  the  church  are  many  bronzes 
of  the  family  ancestors,  dating  back  to  1400  ;  one  side-chapel  of  the 
church  is  devoted  to  the  family.  Christopher  Browne  erected  in  Stam- 
ford, about  1470,  and  donated  to  the  town  the  Browne  Hospital  and  chapel 
which  are  still  in  service.  William  Kellogg  Brown,  for  forty  years  a  lead- 
ing physician  of  Brooklyn,  was  the  father  of  William  A.  Brown.  On  his 
mother's  side  he  is  a  descendant  of  John  Walley,  and  of  the  Rev.  George  Phillips,  one  of  the  three 
brothers  who  founded  Phillips  Academy  at  Andover.  William  A.  Brown  was  born  iu  Brooklyn  on  October 
17,  1847.  He  first  studied  under  Professor  Dwight,  then  entered  the  Polytechnic  Institute  and  later  pre- 
pared for  college  at  Professor  Overlieiser's  school  ;  he  matriculated  at  Amherst  College  with  the  class  of 
1868.  After  his  graduation  he  engaged  with  a  stock-brokerage  firm  in  New  ^'ork.  Later  he  began  a  cus- 
tom house  brokerage  and  forwarding  business,  in  which  he  is  now  engaged.  He  married  Rebecca  E.  Koop, 
daughter  of  the  late  Hermann  Koop,  of  Brooklyn.  They  have  a  summer  residence  at  Shelter  Island,  L.  I. 
Mr.  Brown  is  a  member  of  the  Prospect  Heights  Whist  Club,  is  an  enthusiastic  yachtsman,  oarsman  and 
wheelman,  and  besides  the  Montauk  Club,  is  a  member  of  the  Crescent  Athletic  and  Excelsior  clubs. 

Charles  K.  Buckley,  who  is  one  of  Brooklyn's  public  spirited  men,  was  born  in  Dublin,  Ireland,  on 

October  6,  1845,  and  was  educated  at  the  Santry  Col- 
lege, a  private  institution  of  that  city,  where  he  was 
graduated  with  honors  in  1859.  After  leaving  college 
he  came  to  Brooklyn,  where  he  has  resided  thirty- 
three  years.  His  first  business  employment  was  that 
of  a  clerk  in  the  drug  store  of  Van  Brunt  Wyckoff  on 
Third  avenue.  He  held  this  position  until  1862,  when 
he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  13th  Regiment,  N.  Y.  S. 
M.,  and  served  three  months  and  ten  days  in  the  Vir- 
ginia campaign.  Returning  to  Brooklyn,  he  again  in- 
terested himself  in  the  drug  trade,  taking  a  position  in 
the  store  of  his  brother,  Edward  Buckley.  He  remained 
with  him  until  the  spring  of  1863,  when  he  became  iden- 
tified with  the  lumber  trade,  going  into  the  employ  of 
the  New  York  and  Brooklyn  Saw  Mill  and  Lumber 
Company  as  a  clerk,  and  remaining  until  1869.  At  that 
time  the  South  Brooklyn  Saw  Mill  Company  was  organ- 
ized and  he  was  engaged  as  a  clerk ;  afterwards  he  be- 
came the  vice-president,  treasurer,  and  general  man- 
ager of  the  company.  In  1891  the  Yellow  Pine  Com- 
pany was  organized  with  a  capital  of  $2,500,000.  The 
corporation  absorbed  seven  of  the  larger  lumber  com- 
panies in  and  about  New  York,  and  Mr.  Buckley  is  its 
president.  He  is  also  the  president  of  the  Empire  Mills 
Company,  located  at  Darien,  Georgia.  On  October 
20,  1870,  he  married  Miss  Emma  A.  Adams,  of  West 
Haven,  Vt.,  who  died  after  a  wedded  life  of  eight 
years;  in  1881  he  married  Miss  Frances  C.  Adams,  a 
sister  of  his  first  wife.  The  family  residence  is  a  handsome  house  at  802  Carroll  street.  Mr.  Buckley  is  a 
valued  member  of  the  Montauk  Club;  in  politics  he  is  a  Republican,  being  a  member  of  the  Twenty-second 
Ward  Association.  For  many  years  he  has  been  an  active  member  of  the  Twelfth  Street  ReformiCd  Church, 
and  is  the  superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school,  a  position  he  has  filled  for  the  past  thirteen  years. 


Charles  K.  Buckley. 


y24 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


William  G.  Dean. 


Wii.Li.AM  ('•.  Uf.an  is  one  of  the  pioneer  members  of  the  chib  and  has 

resided  m  Brookivn  nearly  forty  years.    He  is  connected  with  other  social 

organizations  and  secret  societies,  includino;  Orion  Lodge,  F.  &  A.  M., 

Zetland  Chapter,  141,  R.  A.  M.,  and  the  Carleton  Club.     He  has  had  an 

active  commercial  life  for  years  and  during  a  large  portion  of  the  time  has 

been  located  in  this  city.     His  father,  John  Dean,  was  formerly  a  Sandy 

Hook  pilot,  and  during  the  war  of  181 2  commanded  one  of  the  American 

gun   boats.     William  G.  Dean  was  born  in  New  York   city  on  September 

21,  1825,  and  received  his  education  in  the  schools  of  his  native  city  and 

in  Connecticut.     His  first  business  experience  was  gained  as  a  clerk  with 

the  well-known  clothing  firm  of  Brooks  Brothers,  New  York.    He  remained 

with  them  until  1861,  and   located,  when  he  formed  a  copartnership  with 

Mr.   Herring  for  the  manufacture   of  mustard,   in    Brooklyn.      Mr.  Dean 

obtained  a  patent  for  their  process  of  manufacture.      LTpon  Mr.  Herring's 

death  Mr.  Dean  succeeded  to  the  exclusive  control  of  the  business  and 

continued   it   until    1871,   when   he  retired    for   a   time.     Subsequently   he 

became  interested  in  the  spice  house  of  Baird  &  Cummings,  and  later 

again  embarked  in  business  as  an  importer  and  manufacturer.    He  married  Miss  Violetta  Carter  on  February 

19,  1850,  and  has  two  sons.     His  home  is  at  115  Sixth  avenue,  in  which  are  many  art  treasures. 

Fr.\nk.  Montuomkry  Avery  ranks  prominently  among  the  younger  members  of  the  legal  profession 

who  are  members  of  the  club.     He  was  born  in  the  family  home  on  State  street,  lirooklyn,  on  November  22, 

1S57,  and  received  preparatory  training  for  a  collegiate  career  at  Professor  Overheiser's  private  school.   His 

education  was  completed  at  the  famous  old  university  of  Heidelberg,  in  Germany.     He  returned  to  America 

in  iSSo,  and  began  to  study  law  in  the  offices  of  Abbott  Brothers,  New  York  ;  at  the  end  of  two  years  he 

was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  commenced  practice  in  that  city.     His  partner  was  his  old   college  friend,  W. 

W.  Phillips,  and  the  firm — Phillips  &  .Avery — rapidly  attained  eminence  in  the  profession.     Mr.  Avery  resides 

at   loS   Lincoln  place  ;   his  home  contains  a  valuable   library  and   manv  rare  and  costly  objects  of  art.     In 

politics  he  is  a  Republican.      He  is  a  member  of  the  Brooklyn  Bar  Association. 

George   F.  Dohson  was  for  many  years  identified   with  the   Eagle.     He  relinquished   his  connection 

with  journalism   to   engage  in  commercial  pursuits  about  four  years  ago,  after  having  served  the   Eaglk  at 

Albany  and  Washington  and  at  the  desk  of  the   city  editor.       In    1892  he  again   became  a  member  of  ihe 

Eagle  staff,  going  to  Albany  as  its  regular  correspondent.       On  the  occasion  of  his  departure  for  Europe 

seven  years  ago  the  members  of  the  Eagle  staff  pre- 
sented hmi  with  a  suitably  inscribed  and  handsome 
gold  watch,  the  gift  being  accompanied  by  many  ver- 
bal tributes  to  his  capacity  as  a  newspaper  man  and 
many  evidences  of  the  esteem  in  which  he  was  held  as 
an  associate.  He  is  credited  with  having  made  some 
successful  real  estate  ventures,  holds  stock  in  several 
local  trust  companies  and  banks,  and  is  a  member  of 
the  Montauk  and  Germania  clubs  and  other  local  organ- 
izations. He  is  also  a  stockholder  of  the  Eagle  Ware- 
house and  Storage  Company. 

CoNRAu  H.  Abei,man  was  born  on  April  14, 1842, in 
New  York  city,  and  was  educated  at  its  public  schools. 
He  began  business  life  as  an  errand  boy  with  the  firm 
of  .\.  &  G.  Littell,  wholesale  commission  merchants, and, 
applying  himself  closely  to  business,  he  rose  rapidly 
until  in  1869  he  became  one  of  the  partners  in  the  con- 
cern. The  firm  name  was  then  changed  to  A.  C.  Littell 
i\:  Co.,  its  members  being  .Amos  C.  Littell,  Conrad  H. 
Abelman  and  William  B.  Yale.  Mr.  Abelman  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  New  York  Mercantile  Exchange  and  the 
Terrace  Bowling  Club,  of  New  York.  He  married 
Miss  Caroline  J.  Conrad,  of  New  York;  he  resides  at 
831  President  street,  and  his  family  are  regular  attend- 
ants at  the  First  Dutch  Reformed  Church.  Mr.  Abel- 
man is  extremely  fond  of  athletic  exercises  and  out- 
door sports. 


GKOHGE    I".    DoliSON. 


SOCIAL    CLUBS    AND    SOCLAL    LIFE.  g,, 

William  S.  Ginnel,  one  of  the  younger  members  of  the  club,  was  born  in  Brooklyn  on  March  6    r86^ 
and  at  the  age  of  fourteen  left  Brooklyn  schools  and  went  to  Europe  to  continue  his  educatinn      Returnincr 
to  Brooklyn  he  entered  his  father's  watch  importing  and  jewelry  establishment  in  New  V<M-k  and  familiarized 
hmiself  with  every  detail  of  the  business,  in  which  he  became  a  partner  on  February  r,  1883.     On  lune   12 
1883,  he  married  Miss  Ella  Stearns.  -  .  .  -. 

HosMER  Buckingham  Parsons,  a  prominent  member  of  the  club,  has  spent  the  better  portion  of  his 
life  in  the  employ  of  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.  He  was  born  at  Henvelton,  St.  Lawrence  County,  N  V  and  spent 
some  time  as  a  student  at  Ripon  College  in  Wisconsin,  but  ill-health  compelled  a  discontinuance  of  his 
studies  at  the  end  of  two  years.  Between  1858  and  1862  he  was  employed  in  various  capacities  by  different 
business  houses  m  Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  and  Missouri.  Subsequently,  in  New  York,  St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  and 
Atchison,  Kan.,  he  filled  successively  the  posts  of  book-keeper,  cashier  and  agent.  He'  afterwards' moved  to 
Salt  Lake  City,  where  he  was  employed  as  a  book-keeper  by  the  banking  firm  of  Holliday  &  Halsey  and  as 
chief  clerk  in  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.'s  express  and  banking  department.  He  also  held  the  agency  of  Wells,  Fargo 
&  Co.,  at  Virginia  City,  Montana.  From  1869  until  1872  he  was  clerk,  auditor,  and  chief  clerk  of  Wells' Fargo 
&  Co.'s  express  department  in  New  York,  afterwards  becoming  general  agent  and  cashier  of  the  New  York 
office.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Lawyers'  Club,  of  New  York,  and  of  the  Brooklyn  Institute.  His  wife  was 
formerly  Miss  Clelia  Sara  Howson,  daughter  of  Frank  Howson,  of  Melbourne,  Australia. 

The  club  has  an  energetic  and  popular  member  in  Joseph  A.  Vega  who  has  lived  in  Brooklyn  since 
1854  and  is  especially  well  known  among  military  men.  In  i86o  he  enlisted  under  Captain  Sprague  in  the 
13th  Regiment  and  was  with  it  at  Annapolis  and  Baltimore.  He  continued  in  the  service  until  1864,  when 
he  returned  home  to  look  after  his  business  interests.  He  was  born  in  Switzerland,  on  November  25,  1832. 
He  received  his  education  at  the  schools  of  his  native  place  and  when  (luite  young  went  to  Cuba,  where  he 
lived  until  1849.  In  that  year  he  came  to  America  and  learned  the  cigar  makers'  trade.  In  1854  he 
engaged  in  business  for  himself  and  he  is  now  the  senior  partner  of  the  firm  of  Vega,  Morton  &  Co.,  impor- 
ters and  dealers  in  Havana  cigars  and  tobacco.  In  1855  he  married  Miss  Letitia  Raymond.  He  is  the 
oldest  Spaniard  residing  in  either  Brooklyn  or  New  York  and  is  a  member  of  the  Spanish  Chamber  uf  Com- 
merce. He  is  the  owner  of  considerable  property  in  Brooklyn  and  at  Hempstead.  L.  I.,  where  he  has  a 
summer  home. 

A  member  of  the  club  who  has  resided  in  Brooklyn  for  over  a  quarter  of  a  century  and  whose  name  is 
identified  with  its  growth  and  development  is  Charles  Tollnkr,  Jr.  New  York  city  was  the  place  of  his 
birth,  which  occurred  on  October  12,  1848.  He  was  sent  to  Nazareth  Hall,  Pa.,  to  be  educated,  and  upon 
leaving  school  was  employed  by  the  hardware  firm  of  Tollner  &  Hammacher,  New  York,  of  which  his 
father  was  the  senior  member.  After  five  years  in  New  York  the  house  sent  him  to  Pulaski,  N.  Y.,  to  its 
branch  establishment  there.  Subsequently  he  embarked  in  business  for  himself  in  [iicture  frame  advertis- 
ing.    In  March,  1883,  he  married  Miss  Sarah  M.  Clark. 

During  the  thirteen  years  or  more  that  he  has  been  a  practicing  physician.  Rial  N.  Dknison,  M.  I)., 
has  acquired  an  extensive  experience  and  reputation.  For  the  past  eleven  years  he  has  most  efficiently 
performed  his  duties  as  an  inspector  of  the  Brooklyn  board  of  health,  besides  attending  to  a  large  and 
increasing  private  practice.  He  is  a  native  of  Stillwater,  Saratoga  County,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  born  on 
December  15,  1855.  He  was  graduated  from  the  Mechanical  Academy  in  1875,  and  in  the  following  year 
became  a  student  at  the  Long  Island  College  Hospital,  passing  a  successful  examination  there  in  1877  and 
another  at  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  in  1878.  In  the  latter  part  of  1879  he  received  an  appoint- 
ment as  practicing  house  surgeon  at  the  hospital  on  Ward's  Island.  He  came  to  Brooklyn  in  January,  1881. 
In  the  treatment  of  diseases  of  the  nose  and  throat  he  has  attained  a  high  reputation.  He  is  an  enthu- 
siastic canoeist,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Brooklyn,  New  York,  and  American  Canoe  clubs,  as  well  as  of  the 
Montauk,  Crescent  Athletic,  and  Carleton  clubs  of  Brooklyn,  and  the  Medico-Social  Club,  of  New  York. 
He  married  Miss  Helen  D.  C.  Crary,  daughter  of  George  Crary,  of  the  firm  of  E.  R.  Durkee  &  Co. 

Richard  F.  Downing  is  the  head  of  the  firm  of  R.  F.  Downing  &  Co.,  custom  house  brokers  and  for- 
warders, of  New  York,  and  is  actively  identified  with  a  number  of  organizations  in  Brooklyn  in  addition  to 
the  Montauk  Club.  He  has  been  president  of  the  Columbian  Club  and  is  prominent  in  several  of  the 
Catholic  societies  and  associations.      He  is  married  and  is  an  attendant  at  St.  Augustine's  Church. 

THE   carleton   CLUB. 

The  Carleton  Club  house  faces  Sixth  avenue  at  the  intersection  of  that  thoroughfare  with  Flatbush  and 
St.  Mark's  avenues.  The  Carleton  was  the  first  social  institution  of  note  to  obtain  a  permanent  footing  in 
that  particular  section  of  the  city.  Early  in  March,  1881,  twelve  gentlemen,  nearly  all  of  them  residents  of 
the  twenty-second  ward,  applied  to  the  state  legislature  for  an  act  of  incorporation  under  the  name  of  "  The 
Carleton  Club,"  The  club  was  incorporated  on  March  25,  1881,  and  George  D.  McKay  became  its  first 
liresident.     The   objects  of  the  new  organization  were  at  first  limited  to  the  acquisiticjii  of  modest  quarters 


926 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


where  its  members  could  meet  for  a  quiet  game  of  whist,  billiards,  or  pool,  or  for  conversational  purposes. 
With  this  end  in  view  a  three  story  and  basement  frame  house,  which  then  occupied  the  club's  present  site, 
was  immediately  rented.  After  two  years  of  steady  progress  the  club  found  itself  in  a  position  to  purchase 
for  $12  000  the  property  it  occupied;  and  the  big  frame  house,  thoroughly  furnished  and  improved  from 
time  to'  time,  was  its  home  until  the  spring  of  1889.  During  this  period  there  were  many  accessions  to  the 
membership;'  almost  every  man  of  prominence  who  lived  on  the  Park  Slope  having  entered  his  name  upon 
the  rolls  of  'the  club.     In  the  winter  of  1S89,  the  organization  felt  the  need  of  better  accommodations  for 


Carleton  Club  House,  Sixth  and  St.  Mark's  Avenues. 
social  affairs  of  an  extensive  nature,  and  a  movement  was  inaugurated  to  erect  a  new  building  of  suitable 
size  and  appearance.  The  old  club  house  was  moved  back  to  the  rear  of  the  lot  on  Sixth  avenue,  and  in 
April  of  the  same  year  work  was  begun  on  a  brick  structure  of  Italian  design.  It  was  joined  to  the  original 
building,  the  whole  forming  a  club  house,  having  a  frontage  of  ninety  feet  on  Sixth  avenue,  and  of  twenty- 
five  feet  on  St,  Mark's  avenue.  The  new  home  was  ready  for  occupancy  early  in  1890,  and,  as  it  now  stands^ 
the  building  is  an  imposing  one.  The  red  i)rick  used  in  its  construction  is  set  off  by  trimmings  of  metal  and 
brownstone,  while  the  doorway  and  windows  present  the  rounded  Roman  arch,  with  Gothic  decorations. 
The  house  comprises  four  stories  and  a  basement.  The  cost  of  the  building  was  $17,000,  and  about  $5,000 
was  spent  in  furnishings.  The  Carleton  has  opened  its  doors  on  many  occasions  of  social  note;  ladies 
receptions,  art  exhibitions,  and  public  dinners  are  prominent  among  its  many  hospitalities.  The  officers  are : 
O.  E.  Shipman,  president;  Robert  H.  Weems,  vice-president;  Isaac  M.  Kapper,  treasurer;  and  Henry  R. 
Siegman,  secretary. 

The  Carleton  Club  has  for  its  president  a  young  and  exceedingly  popular  man  in  O.  E.  Shipman.  He 
is  a  Philadelphian  who  has  resided  in  Brooklyn  for  the  past  sixteen  years.  He  was  educated  in  New  York  city 
at  the  public  schools,  and  is  engaged  in  the  steel  manufacturing  business.  Although  he  is  a  man  of  rather 
retiring  disposition  and  not  seemingly  aggressive  in  the  presentation  of  his  views,  his  fellow  members  feel 
that  something  like  the  steel  which  he  handles  commercially  is  in  his  character,  and  they  are  inclined  to  give 
him  full  credit  for  his  share  in  bringing  the  club  to  its  present  status.     In  politics  he  is  a  Republican. 

Major  H.  C.  Evans  was  born  in  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  on  May  4,  1850,  and  received  his  early  education  at 
the  public  scho(jls  of  that  city.     .-Vt  a  very  early  age  he  displayed  unmistakable  gifts  as  a  machinist,  and 


SOCIAL   CLUBS   AND    SOCIAL    LIFE. 


927 


when  fifteen  years  old  he  started  to  learn  his  trade  in  the  Crescent  Tube  Works,  in  which  firm  his  father  was 
the  senior  partner.  He  progressed  so  rapidly  that  at  the  age  of  twenty-three  he  was  foreman  of  the  estab- 
lishment, and  had  supervision  over  eight  hundred  employees.  He  continued  to  fill  this  position  until  1877 
when  the  firm  met  with  financial  reverses.  During  his  residence  in  Pennsylvania  he  was  connected  with  the 
state  mihtia  eight  years  ;  three  years  he  was  a  private  with  the  Duquesne  Grays,  and  then  was  promoted  to 
the  staff  of  Major-General  A.  L.  Pearson,  as  paymaster  of  the  6th  Division,  with  the  rank  of  major  When 
the  mining  fever  broke  out  in  1879,  he  was  among  the  first  to  join  the  army  of  gold  seekers  destined  for 


H.  C.  Evans. 

California  Gulch,  Col.  After  remaining  for  several  years  in  the  west  he  returned  east  in  1S82,  and 
accepted  a  position  with  the  Cambria  Iron  Company,  of  Johnstown,  Pa.,  where  he  remained  until  November, 
1884,  when  he  established  his  present  connection  with  the  Johnson  Company,  of  the  same  place,  who  are  the 
original  manufacturers  of  the  girder  rails  for  surface  roads  and  the  owners  of  valuable  patents.  Within  a 
year  the  Johnson  Company  appointed  him  their  New  York  manager.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Montauk  and 
Carleton  clubs,  of  Brooklyn,  and  the  Lawyer's  Club,  of  New  York.     His  home  is  at  748  Carroll  street. 

P.  L.  ScHENCK,  M.  D.,  ex-president  of  the  Carleton  Club,  was  born  in  Flatbush,  L.  I.,  on  October  25,  1843. 
A  course  of  study  at  Erasmus  Hall  Academy,  in  his  native  town,  prepared  him  for  the  career  of  a  college 
student.  In  1862  he  was  graduated  at  the  University  of  the  City  of  New  York,  and  he  received  the  degree 
of  Master  of  Arts  in  1865 — the  same  year  in  which  he  obtained  his  diploma  as  Doctor  of  Medicine  from  the 
New  York  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons.  He  served  one  year  as  assistant  physician  at  the  Kings 
County  Hospital,  and  afterwards  as  acting  assistant  United  States  army  surgeon.  At  the  close  of  the  war, 
upon  his  return  to  Brooklyn,  he  was  appointed  resident  jihysician  at  the  Kings  County  Hospital,  and  in  1872 
became  medical  superintendent  of  the  same  institution.  Resigning  in  188 1,  he  began  practice  as  a  private 
physician  in  an  office  at  60  St.  Mark's  avenue,  where  his  skill  has  succeeded  in  obtaining  the  most  gratifying 
recognition.  He  is  a  member  of  the  American  Medical  Association  and  the  Kings  County  Medical  Society, 
surgeon  to  the  Brooklyn  Jockey  Club,  consulting  surgeon  to  the  Flatbush  Hospital,  and  attendant  physi- 
cian at  the  Kings  County  penitentiary.  He  was  made  a  Mason  in  1879,  affiliating  in  i88i  with  Montauk 
Lodge.  In  1884  he  was  elected  junior  warden,  and  in  1885  worshipful  master.  At  the  annual  communica- 
tion  of  the  Grand  Lodge  he  was  appointed  district  deputy  grand  master  of  the  3d  Masonic  district. 


928 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


J.  H.  FULCHER. 


|.  H.  Fui.CHF.R,  who  was  formerly  treasurer  of  the  club  for  eight  years, 
and  in  that  capacity,  by  his  affable  manners,  won  the  esteem  of  all 
acquaintances,  is  also  well  known  as  a  conveyancer  and  real  estate 
lawyer.  He  was  born  in  England  in  1S43,  and,  when  four  years  old,  was 
brought  to  this  country.  During  the  closing  years  of  the  civil  war  he 
rendered  active  service  as  a  volunteer  engineer  in  the  United  States 
navv.  After  the  close  of  the  war  he  resided  for  a  time  in  Bridgeport, 
Conn.,  and  then  came  to  Brooklyn.  He  at  once  entered  the  register's 
office,  where  he  remained  three  years,  and  then  studied  law  with  Lowrey 
&  Marcellus  until  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1880.  He  was  promi- 
nent in  the  organization  of  Rankin  Post,  G.  A.  R.,  and  for  a  long  time 
was  one  of  the  vestrymen  of  St.  John's  Episcopal  Church.  He  is  a  fine 
bicyclist,  and   is  prominent  in  the  ranks  of  the  Long  Island  ^Vheelmen. 

Morse  Buktis  is  a  man  of  wealth,  and  in  his  use  of  it  has  acquired 
the  reputation  of  being  a  wholesouled  man  and  a  good  host.  His  good 
qualities  are  noticeable  also  in  his  business  relations  and  manifest  them- 
selves in  unfailing  courtesy  and  a  pleasant  way  of  dealing  with  others. 
He  was  born  at  Cherry  Valley,  N.  V.,  on  June  10,  1834. 
His  father,  the  Rev.  Arthur  Burtis,  D.  D.,  was  a  well- 
known  and  greatly  esteemed  clergyman  of  the  Presby- 
terian Church  who  at  the  time  of  his  death  was  Profes- 
sor of  Greek  in  the  Miami  University,  of  Ohio;  his 
mother  was  Grace  Ewing  Phillips,  of  Boston.  Arthur 
Burtis,  his  grandfather,  was  one  of  the  the  common 
council  of  the  city  of  New  York  and  served  as  alder- 
man for  the  eighth  ward  from  1S16  until  1827.  He 
was  identified  with  all  the  public  charities  of  the  city; 
he  was  one  of  the  managers  of  the  House  of  Refuge 
in  1824  and  one  of  the  stockholders  in  the  New  York 
High  School  in  1825  ;  and  to  his  untiring  interest  in 
the  unfortunate  and  his  indomitable  perseverance  in 
work  to  ameliorate  their  condition  the  city  of  New 
York  owes  the  purchase  of  Blackwell's  Island.  Morse 
Burtis  received  his  education  at  the  Little  Falls  Aca- 
demy and  the  public  schools  of  Buffalo,  and  made  his 
first  essay  in  business  under  the  auspices  of  (leneral 
Albert  Meyers,  who  afterwards  became  famous  as 
"Old  Probabilities,"  the  weather  prophet  of  the  war 
department.  Mr.  Burtis  began  his  business  career  at 
the  age  of  twenty-one  as  a  banker  in  Buffalo.  At  the 
end  of  eight  years  he  retired  from  banking  in  that 
city,  and  moved  to  New  York  to  associate  himself 
in  business  with  his  uncle,  James  O.  Morse,  one  of 
the  pioneer  dealers  in  iron  pipe  in  this  country.  In 
1887  he  went   into   business   on    his  own  account  and 

established  himself  at  52  John  street,  where  he  now  carries  on  the  iron  pipe  business.  In  1873  he  married 
Miss  Kate  M.  Hegeman,  of  Brooklyn.  The  home  of  the  family  is  at  52  Seventh  avenue.  He  is  a 
Republican  in  general  principles,  but  is  a  strong  advocate  of  Grover  Cleveland,  with  whom  he  has  been 
on  terms  of  friendship  all  his  life.  He  is  a  regular  attendant  at  the  Memorial  Presbyterian  Church  on 
Seventh  avenue. 

LAURENCE     CLUB. 

Though  there  is  no  provision  in  its  constitution  limiting  membership  to  a  particular  religious  persua- 
sion, the  Laurence  Club  has  always  been  considered  as  an  institution  organized  for  the  benefit  of  gentlemen 
professing  the  Jewish  faith.  On  March  14,  1887,  there  was  a  meeting  at  the  house  of  Joseph  Manne,  55 
Park  place.  That  night  the  Laurence  Club  was  organized  with  the  following  officers:  T.  P.  Levy,  presi- 
dent; Joseph  Manne,  vice  president ;  David  Harris,  treasurer  ;  Godfrey  H.  Harris,  secretary.  The  purpose 
was  to  afford  its  members  an  opportunity  to  meet  one  another  in  a  social  way.  Until  the  autumn  of  1889, 
receptions  were  held  in  Remsen  Hall  and  at  the  houses  of  individual  members.  The  club  rapidly  increased 
in  size  and   importance,   and   that   it   promptly   commended    itself   to   the   leading   Hebrews   of   the   city  is 


Morse  Burtis. 


SOCIAL   CLUBS    AND    SOCLAL    LIFE. 


929 


apparent  from  the  fact  that  among  its  earliest  supporters  were  :  Herman  and  Louis  Liebmann,  Michael  Furst, 

A.  Ettlinger,  Alfred  Newman,  Joseph  A.  Goldstein,  Joseph  Mathias,  A.  Abraham,  Julius  Wechsler,  Albert  H. 
Harris,  M.  C.  Migel,  Jacob  Bremmer,  Isidor  Isaacson,  Ernst  Nathan,  Moses  J.  Harris,  E.  Obermeyer,  Emil 
H.  Citron,  A.  M.  Stein,  Samuel  Goodstein,  J.  Emsheimer,  Joseph  Manne,  David  Harris,   Louis  Manne,  G. 

B.  Blumenau,  and  Joseph  Hess.  On  March  12,  1890,  the  club  was  legally  incorporated  with  Herman  Lieb- 
mann as  president.  In  the  summer  of  1890,  preparations  were  made  to  secure  a  suitable  club  house,  and  a 
large  three-story  brick  dwelling,  commonly  known  as  the  Dingee  mansion,  which  then  stood  on  Clinton 
avenue,  near  the  corner  of  Myrtle,  was  leased  at  an  annual  rental  of  $1,800.  The  removal  of  the  struc- 
ture to  the  corner  of  Waverly  and  Myrtle  avenues  a  few  months  later  was  considered  at  that  time  to 
be  an  engineering  feat  of  no  small  importance.  It  was  in  January,  1S91,  that  the  club  house  had  been  so 
far  remodeled  and  furnished  as  to  be  ready  for  occupancy.  The  cost  of  furnishing  it  was  nearly  $5,000. 
The  first  reception  was  given  in  the  new  club  house  on  February  22,  1891.  The  officers  are:  Herman 
Liebmann,  president;  Isidor  Manne,  vice-president;  Julius  Wechsler,  treasurer;  Julius  Roth,  recording 
secretary  ;  Joseph  Hess,  corresponding  secretary. 


Moses  May. 
Moses  May  was  born  on  October  22,  1832.  in  the  city  of  Strasburg,  then  under  French  dominion.  He 
was  educated  there  at  the  public  schools,  and  left  his  native  country  when  he  was  nineteen  years  old.  He 
landed  in  New  York  on  July  9,  1852,  and  shortly  after  moved  to  Brooklyn.  His  first  employment  was  with 
Ryder  Maier  for  whom  he  worked  in  the  cattle  business  for  eleven  months.  He  then  established  himself  in 
the  same  trade  on  a  capital  of  $57.  From  this  small  beginning  he  became  one  of  the  largest  wholesale 
beef  dealers  In  i888  he  retired  from  active  business.  He  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  but  not  a  politician. 
He  is  a  trustee  of  the  Brooklyn  Bridge,  vice-president  of  the  Bushwick  Savings  Bank,  director  of  the  First 
National  Bank,  trustee  of  the  Kings  County  Trust  Company,  director  of  the  Williamsburgh  Fire  Insurance 
Company,  president  of  the  Keap  Street  Temple,  trustee  of  the  Eastern  Dispensary  and  Hospital,  chair- 
man of  the  board  of  governors  of  the  Hebrew  Orphan  Asylum,  and  a  member  of  the  Laurence  and 
Friendship  clubs,  besides  being  a  member  of  other  social  and  charitable  organizations.  He  married,  on  July 
9   1862,  Miss  Elizabeth  Wenk,  of  Canada.     He  is  fond  of  music  and  art,  and  .s  an  enthus.asuc  horseman. 


93° 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


Aaron  Lew  was  born  in  the  Rhine  province  of  Alsace  on  August 
27,  1S45.  Li  1856  he  came  to  the  United  States  and  made  his  home  in 
:  Brooklyn,  where  he  attended  public  school  No.  18.  On  leaving  school  he 
entered  the  wholesale  butcher  house  of  J.  tt  L  Levy,  remaining  there 
until  1S67,  when  he  engaged  in  business  for  himself.  In  connection  with 
his  business,  he  also  owns  and  conducts  a  large  wool-pulling  factory.  On 
February  23,  1873,  he  married  Miss  Rachel  August,  the  daughter  of  a 
prominent  New  York  merchant.  Mr.  Levy  bears  a  conspicuous  share  in 
the  management  of  the  Hebrew  Orphan  Asylum,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
Royal  Arcanum,  the  order  of  B'nai  B'rith  and  the  Congregation  Beth 
Elohim.     His  home  is  at  279  Adelphi  street. 

G.ABRiEL  IsA.ACswas  bom  on  Myrtle  avenue,  Brooklyn,  on  October 
19,  1865,  He  pursued  his  studies  at  the  public  schools,  and  afterwards 
took  a  course  at  fJyrant  &  Stratton's  Business  College.  His  first  business 
experience  was  in  a  clothing  house  in  New  York  city,  but,  after  remaining 
there  one  year,  he  returned  to  Brooklyn, 
and  was  employed  by  his  father,  Isaac 
Isaacs,  a  wholesale  butcher.  The  firm  was  then  known  as  Isaacs  &  Weil, 
but  Mr.  Weil  retired,  and  the  business  was  carried  on  by  Mr.  Isaacs  until 
his  death  in  1887.  Gabriel,  then  only  twenty-one  years  old,  assumed  con- 
trol of  the  business,  and  with  the  assistance  of  his  younger  brother, 
David,  has  succeeded  in  building  up  a  very  large  wholesale  trade.  Besides 
being  a  member  of  the  Laurence  Club,  he  is  identified  with  various  public 
charities.  He  e.xtends  assistance  not  only  to  Hebrew  societies,  but  also 
to  those  of  other  denominations.  He  is  Democratic  in  politics,  fond  of 
music,  and  a  frequent  patron  of  the  theatres.  His  residence  is  at  213 
Carlton  avenue,  and  he  is  a  regular  attendant  at  the  services  of  Congre- 
gation Beth  Elohim. 

AuRAHA.M  Abraham  is  connected  with  many  of  the  prominent  enter- 
prises of  Brooklyn,  social,  charitable,  and  commercial.  He  was  born  in 
New  York  city  on  March  9,  1843.  His  father  had  come  from  Bavaria 
eight  years  before,  settled   in   New  York,  and  entered   the  then  limited 

field  of  business.  Un- 


AARri.N'   LkVV. 


.-'T:^ri;" 


Gabriel  Isaacs. 


Abkaha.m  Abraham, 


til  he  was  fourteen  years  of  age  Mr.  Abraham  attended 
the  New  York  schools  ;  when  he  left,  he  went  to  New- 
ark, N.  J.,  and  entered  the  drygoods  house  of  Hart  & 
Dettlebach,  with  whom  he  stayed  until  he  found  an  op- 
portunity of  entering  the  wholesale  business  with  his 
fatlier.  At  the  age  of  twenty-two,  he  formed  a  part- 
nership with  Joseph  Wechsler,  under  the  firm  name  of 
Wechsler  &  Abraham.  The  new  firm,  in  1865,  opened 
a  store  at  297  Fulton  street  for  retail  trade  in  dry- 
goods  and  novelties.  In  1885  they  purchased  what 
was  known  as  the  ^Vheeler  building,  and  erected  on 
its  site  their  present  establishment.  At  that  time  the 
drygoods  trade  of  the  city  was  confined  to. the  dis- 
trict below  the  city  hall,  and  the  removal  of  Wechs- 
ler &:  ,'\braham  to  a  situation  so  far  up  town  was 
regarded  as  an  e.xceedingly  hazardous  experiment,  but 
time  has  demonstrated  their  wisdom  and  foresight. 
The  firm  name  has  lately  become  Abraham  &  Straus, 
Mr.  Wechsler  having  retired,  and  Isidore  and  Nathan 
Straus,  and  Simon  F.  Rothschild,  all  leading  merchants 
in  New  York,  having  acquired  interests  in  the  estab- 
lishment, which  for  twenty  years  has  stood  in  the 
front  rank  of  Brooklyn  bazars.  Mr.  Abraham  mar- 
ried a  Miss  Eppstein,  of  St.  Joseph,  Mo.  His  tastes 
are  very  catholic — art,  music,  fine  horses,  and  society 
ail  sharing  his  attentions.     He   is  a   member   of  the 


SOCIAL    CLUBS    AND    SOCIAL    LIFE. 


931 


Chamber  of  Commerce,  a  director  in  the  Long  Island  Bank  and  the 
Brooklyn  Trust  Company,  a  member  of  the  Laurence,  Union  League, 
and  Oxford  clubs,  and  of  the  Accomack  and  Harmonic  clubs,  of  New  York. 
He  is  president  of  Temple  Israel,  and  dedicated  the  new  synagogue,  corner 
of  Bedford  and  Lafayette  avenues,  on  April  17,  1891.  He  is  vice-president 
of  the  Hebrew  Orphan  Asylum,  and  is  a  generous  contributor  to  the 
charities  of  Brooklyn.     In  politics  he  is  a  Republican. 

Bernard  Schellenberg  was  born  at  Goddelau,  in  the  Grand 
Duchy  of  Hesse-Darmstadt,  on  February  23,  1834.  His  father  died 
while  he  was  very  young;  but  the  boy  acquired  a  good  common  school 
education  in  his  native  place,  which  fitted  him  to  begin  active  life.  In 
1855  he  emigrated  to  America,  and  spent  the  three  years  succeeding  his 
arrival  here  in  the  store  of  a  New  York  merchant  tailor.  In  1857  he 
began  business  in  Brooklyn  as  a  merchant  tailor  and  clothier.  Several  of 
his  sons  are  associated  with  him  in  the  business.  He  is  interested  to  a 
great  e.xtent  in  charitable  and  religious  work.     For  four  years  he  was  the 

president,  and  for  seventeen  years  the  treasurer,  of  Congregation  Beth  Bernard  .schellenherg. 

Rlohim,  of  which  he  was  one  of  the  charter  members;  he  is  a  trustee  of  the  Hebrew  Orphan  Asylum  and 
of  the  Hebrew  Benevolent  Society,  and  ranks  high  in  the  Masonic  order.  On  September  25,  i860,  he 
married  Miss  Bettie  Goldschmidt,  of  Sprendlingen,  Hesse-Darmstadt.     His  home  is  at  220  Duffield  street. 


CON'STITUTION  CLUB. 

Some  organizations  are  the  outgrowth  of  a  sudden  demand  upon  the  community  by  certain  circum- 
stances ;  others  are  gradually  evolved  from  sources  that  in  themselves  had  no  special  significance,  while  a 
third  class  spring  from  the  indulgence  of  a  desire  to  preserve  certain  recollections  and  associations  from 
oblivion.  To  this  last  se^ltiment  the  Constitution  Club  is  indebted  for  its  existence.  When  the  old  volun- 
teer fire  department  gave  place  to  the  newer  system,  members  of  the  Constitution  Engine  Company  resolved 
to  embalm,  in  a  socio-political  organization,  the  memory  of  the  old  "machine"  with  whose  history  their 
own  exploits  had  so  often  been  connected.  In  187  i  the  Constitution  Club  was  organized  and  entered  upon 
the  possession  of  its  first  home,  situated  on  Bridge  street,  near  the  corner  of  High.  Here  the  organization 
flourished  and  gradually  augmented  its  membership  until  many  of  the  leading  spirits  in  the  councils  of  the 
local  Democracy  had  inscribed  their  names  upon  its  roll.     Not  many  years  elapsed  before  a  new  club  house 

with  more  commodious  accommodations  was  rented 
on  Lawrence  street,  and  the  time  seemed  to  have  ar- 
rived when  the  affairs  of  the  organization  had  reached 
the  flood  tide  of  prosperity.  Then  a  change  came.  It 
was  a  gradual  one,  but  the  club  felt  its  very  existence 
imperiled.  Members  resigned  to  such  an  extent  that 
a  proposition  to  dissolve  was  seriousl}'  entertained 
and  subjected  to  warm  discussion  at  several  impor- 
tant meetings  of  the  board  of  directors.  Another 
change  in  the  quarters  of  the  club  from  the  Lawrence 
street  house  to  its  present  home  at  48  Willoughby 
street  stayed  the  tendency  to  dissolution  which  had  so 
unhappily  been  made  manifest;  the  old  spirit  triumphed 
and  the  efforts  of  a  few  sturdy  members  straight- 
ened out  the  affairs  of  the  club  and  placed  it  upon  an 
eminence  from  which  it  could  again  command  pros- 
perity. In  the  triangular  fight  for  the  mayoralty 
which  marked  the  fall  of  1885,  the  Constitution  Club 
was  in  a  position  to  render  efficient  service  to  the  can- 
didate of  the  "Regular  Democracy."  When  the  triumph 
of  Mr.  A\'hitney  was  assured  the  Willoughby  street 
house  was  the  scene  of  a  public  celebration  which 
formetl  a  fitting  conclusion  to  the  work  which  the 
organization  had  accomplished.  Since  that  time  the 
club  has  known  no  retrogression.  It  owes  much  of  its 
success  to  its  various  presidents,  including  Thomas  E. 
John  b.  meyenborg.  Pearsall,  the  present  energetic  incumbent  of  that  office. 


932 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


Other  officials  have  ako  contributed  unselfishly  to  its  advancement  and  the  Constitution  Club  of  the  future 
will  trace  no  small  portion  of  its  prosperity  to  the  men  who,  like  Bernard  J.  York  and  John  B.  Meyenborg, 
have  faithfully  fulfilled  the  duties  attached  to  the  important  position  of  secretary.  The  club  has  a  member- 
ship of  two  hundred  Its  officers  are  :  Thomas  E.  Pearsall,  president ;  Samuel  Wechsler,  first  vice-presi- 
dent ■  John  Guilfoyle,  second  vice-president ;  John  B.  Meyenborg,  secretary  ;  John  F.  Frost,  treasurer.  There 
are  two  honorary  members  on  the  rolls-Hugh  McLaughlin  and  Andrew  Otterson,  M.  1). 

The  club  is  indebted  for  many  valuable  services  to  its  secretary,  Colonel  John  B.  Meyenborg,  who, 
thouo-h  of  foreign  birth,  has  been  a  citizen  <if  the  United  States  during  the  greater  portion  of  his  life. 
Until  1877  he  was  employed  in  a  mercantile  establishment  in  which  he  eventually  became  a  partner;  in 
that  year  he  directed  his  energies  into  other  channels  and  devoted  his  time  to  the  advancement  of  political 
and  professional  ambitions.     He  began  to  study  law  in   1S77  under  David  T.  Lynch,  and  in  the  same  year 


John  H.  O'Rourke. 

he  was  elected  to  the  assembly  ;  in  1879  he  was  elected  supervisor-at-large  of  Kings  County.  His  legal 
studies  were  made  under  John  H.  Kemble,  and  in  1880  he  was  admitted  to  the  ranks  of  practising  lawyers. 
In  1882  and  1883  he  held  the  office  of  counsel  to  the  board  of  supervisors,  but  on  the  advent  of  a  Republi- 
can administration  his  resignation  was  accepted  and  he  retired  into  private  life  until  1886,  when  he  was 
reappointed  to  his  former  office,  which  he  retains.  In  1S66  he  joined  the  Ringgold  Horse  Guards;  five  years 
later  he  was  elected  major  of  the  15th  Battalion,  N.  G.,  S.  N.  Y.,  and  soon  afterwards  rose  to  the  command 
of  that  organization  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel.  He  resigned  his  commission  in  1881.  For  eight 
years  he  served  on  the  board  of  examiners  of  the  5th  Brigade.  He  is  a  native  of  Hanover,  was  born  at 
Wremen,  on  the  river  Weser,  on  March  g,  1843,  and  came  to  America  in  the  year  1859  with  a  good  educa- 
tion, obtained  at  the  public  schools  on  the  other  side  of  the  ocean.  After  residing  a  short  time  in  New 
York  he  moved  to  Brooklyn,  and  when  twenty-two  years  of  age  he  married  Miss  Annie  Quail.  He  resides 
at  475  Ninth  street  and  is  a  parishioner  of  All  Saints  Protestant  Episcopal  Church.  He  is  a  Mason,  an  Odd 
Fellow,  Knight  of  Honor,  and  a  member  of  the  Order  of  the  World. 

John  H.  O'Rourke  was  born  in  Brooklyn  in   1840.     His  father  was  the  only  blacksmith  in  Brooklyn 
when  he  bought  out  Peter  Greene's  shop  si.\ty-five  years  ago.    The  younger  O'Rourke  left  school  at  the  age 


SOCIAL    CLUBS    AND    SOCL\L    LIFE. 


933 


of  sixteen,  and  was  "articled  "  to  James  Ashfield,  a  mason.  After  lie  had  been  a  few  months  with  Mr.  Asli- 
field  he  made  a  journey  through  the  south  and  west.  Eventually  he  came  back  to  Brooklyn  and  again 
engaged  with  Mr.  Ashfield,  with  whom  he  remained  until  the  beginning  of  the  civil  war.  He  then  went  to 
Florida  and  engaged  in  constructing  fortifications  under  contracts  made  by  the  federal  government,  return- 
ing home  in  1865.  When  the  Prospect  Park  idea  was  beginning  to  take  positive  shape  in  1866,  he  was 
appointed  by  J.  S.  T.  Stranahan  to  be  superintendent  of  the  masonry  work  to  be  done.  He  held  that 
position  until  187 1.  The  mammoth  well  in  the  park  will  always  commemorate  his  skill  in  construction.  The 
first  year  after  leaving  the  park  he  built  the  old  13th  Regiment  armory  and  the  Hospital  for  Incurables,  at 
Flatbush,  besides  a  number  of  churches,  private  buildings,  and  public  works.  He  is  a  self-made  man  and  in 
the  generous  use  of  his  means  he  has  become  identified  with  many  of  the  city's  charities.  He  has  cordial 
and  courteous  manners  and  being  hearty  and  loyal  in  all  personal   relationships  he  has  a  very  wide  range  of 


John  W.  Flaherty. 

friendships.  He  is  a  stauncli  Democrat,  and  has  served  twelve  years  as  a  delegate  to  the  general  com- 
mittee. He  is  a  member  of  the  C'onstitution  Club,  the  Catholic  Knights  of  America,  Varuna  Boat  Club, 
Mechanics'   Exchange,  Society  of  Old   Brooklynites,  and   several  other  organizations. 

John  AV.  Flaherty  has  been  a  citizen  of  Brooklyn  more  than  forty  years,  during  which  period  he  has 
won  the  respect  of  a  wide  circle  of  friends  and  acquaintances  by  the  excellence  of  his  personal  character, 
and  has  given  honest,  judicious  and  capable  service  in  various  public  positions.  He  came  to  Brooklyn  in 
1850.  In  1858  he  was  elected  supervisor  for  the  fourteenth  ward  and  in  the  two  following  years  was 
reelected  to  that  ofifice.  Mayor  Martin  Kalbfieisch  appointed  him  a  member  of  the  board  of  education  in 
1870,  and  so  acceptable  were  his  services  that  he  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Hunter  in  1873  and  continued 
on  the  board  until  he  had  served  seven  years.  In  1S77  he  was  appointed  commissioner  of  city  works  and 
he  held  the  office  two  years.  In  campaigns  and  elections  he  has  always  been  found  on  the  Democratic  side. 
He  is  a  charter  member  of  the  Friendly  Sons  of  St.  Patrick  and  from  1850  until  1877  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Rev.  Sylvester  Malone's  Church,  but  since  then  he  has  been  connected  with  the  Church  of  Our  Lady  of 
Victory,  at  Throop  avenue  and  McDonough  street.  Born  in  Ireland  on  September  14,  1832,  he  was  only 
eleven  months  old  when  his  father  emigrated  to  New  England.     He  was  educated  at  the  public  schools, 


934 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


which  he  left  to  become  a  mechanic  and  \vori<ed  at  his  trade  until  he  was  thirty-two  years  old.  Since  that 
time  he  has  been  a  contractor  and  has  been  employed  in  connection  with  a  number  of  important  dock 
building  contracts.  A  disappointment  of  his  early  life  was  his  failure,  on  account  of  a  defect  in  his  eye- 
sight, to  pass  the  necessary  examination  to  enter  the  Lhiited  States  navy,  although  he  had  received  his 
appointment.     Subsequently  he  enlisted  in  the  state  militia,  rising  to  the  rank  of  captain. 

Ch.^rles  H.-vrt  is  one  of  Brooklyn's  citizens  who  may  be  literally  described  as  one  of  the  builders  of 
the  city,  for  he  has  performed  a  large  share  of  the  work  that  has  been  done  within  the  past  twenty-five  or 
thirty  years  in  the  construction  of  streets,  tunnels,  bulwarks,  waterways,  and  other  public  improvements. 
Wherever  his  work  has  been  done  there  e.xists  solid  testimony  to  the  ability  and  fidelity  with  which  he  has 
fulfilled  his  contracts,  in  the  execution  of  which  he  has  provided  employment  for  thousands  of  laborers 
and  artisans.     His  business  has  amounted  to  as  much  as  one  million  dollars  in  a  single  year  and  he  owns 


Charles  Hakt. 
real  estate  m  Brooklyn  worth  at  least  a  half  million.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Constitution  Club  and  the 
John  Delmar  Association  ;  he  is  a  delegate  from  the  ninth  ward  to  the  Democratic  General  Committee. 
His  ife  has  been  a  steady  pushing  forward  from  "the  day  of  small  things  "-which  one  of  the  wisest  men 
of  all  the  ages  warned  men  not  to  despise-unt.l  the  day  of  large  opportunity  and  ample  possession  was 
reached.  He  was  born  in  New  York  city  on  August  9,  1839.  When  he  was  seven  years  old  his  parents 
moved  to  Brooklyn,  where  he  attended  school  until  his  sixteenth  year.  His  first  business  experience  was 
discouraging,  for  after  working  six  months  in  the  employ  of  a  milkman  at  a  stipulated  salary  of  four  dollars 
a  month  he  eft  hi,s  employer  without  having  received  any  of  his  wages.  Later,  in  Savannah,  Ga.,  he 
obtained  work  as  a  fireman  on  a  steamboat  and  traveled  between  Savannah  and  Augusta  for  two  years, 
until  Aprd  :86i,  when  he  returned  to  Brooklyn.  For  several  months  after  his  return  he  worked  for  a  con- 
tractor and  then  was  engaged  as  a  laborer  and  rodman  under  Civil  Engineer  Hendricks  in  the  construction 
ot  torts  for  the  Union  army  in  the  vicinity  of  Washington,  on  the  Maryland  side  of  the  Potomac,  and  later 
m  \  irginia.  In  1864  he  left  that  work  and,  again  returning  to  Brooklyn,  in  a  short  time  began  operations 
on  Ins  own  account  as  a  contractor.  Among  the  large  contracts  which  he  has  undertaken  in  Brooklyn  were 
the  construction  of  the  South  Fifth   street  and   the  Greene  avenue  tunnels;  three  miles  of  the  Ime  of  the 


SOCIAL   CLUBS    AND    SOCLA.L    LIFE.  935 

city  water  works  and  many  of  the  streets  and   avenues  ;  and  for  the  United  States  government  he  con- 
structed the  sewer  at  the  Brooklyn  navy  yard. 

S.  Stewart  Whitehouse  has  become  at  the  age  of  thirty-four  a  noteworthy  factor  in  Brooklyn  poli- 
tics. A  strong  speaker,  he  has  rendered  efficient  service  to  the  Democratic  party  in  Brooklyn  during 
every  political  campaign  of  recent  years.  Besides  being  a  member  of  the  Constitution  Club  he  is  enrolled 
m  the  Brooklyn  Club;  he  is  president  the  Bushwick  Democratic  Club,  of  which  he  was  one  of  the 
organizers,  and  a  member  of  the  Kings  County  Democratic  General  Committee.  In  the  profession  of  law 
he  has  taken  high  rank.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  began  reading  with  the  firm  of  Morris  &  Pearsall,  and 
five  years  later,  in  1880,  he  was  admitted  to  practice.  He  continued  with  the  same  firm  until  1889,  when, 
Mr.  Pearsall  retiring,  he  succeeded  him  in  the  partnership  with  the  veteran  lawyer.  Judge  Samuel  D 
Morris,  under  the  firm  name  of  Morris  &  Whitehouse.     In  the  trial  of  cases  before  juries  Mr.  Whitehouse 


S.  Stewakt  Whitehouse. 

has  met  with  unusual  success  for  one  of  his  age.  He  was  born  on  March  21,  1858,  at  Portsmouth,  N.  H. 
His  education  was  begun  at  the  common  schools  of  his  native  town  and  continued  in  Philadelphia  and 
Brooklyn.  Samuel  N.  AVhitehouse,  his  father,  was  in  the  naval  service  as  carpenter  at  the  Portsmouth  navy 
yard  and  afloat  for  many  years;  he  held  the  position  until  the  time  of  his  death.  In  1S79  Mr.  Whitehouse 
wedded  a  daughter  of  Constructor  John  B.  Hoover,  of  the  United  States  navy,  ami  two  children  have  been 
born  to  them. 

Theophilus  Olena,  during  a  residence  in  Brooklyn  which  began  in  1866,  has  taken  a  lively  interest  in 
the  welfare  of  the  city  and  has  contributed  largely  to  the  development  of  her  institutions,  besides  working 
earnestly  and  intelligently  in  connection  with  local  politics.  He  is  a  man  of  sterling  character  aud  possesses 
excellent  business  faculties  which  make  him  a  useful  citizen  as  well  as  a  successful  merchant.  As  a  promi- 
nent Democrat  he  has  frequently  been  honored  with  the  confidence  of  his  party.  In  1883  he  was  elected 
aklerman-at-large,  and  when  the  board  of  aldermen  was  oi'ganized  in  January,  1884,  he  was  elected  to  its 
presidency  and  held  the  office  four  years.  In  the  reorganization  of  the  local  Democracy  in  January,  18S2, 
he  was  elected  president  of  the  Twenty-second  "Ward  Democratic  Association,  and  he  has  continued  at  the 
head   of  that  organization  ever  since;  he  is  also  a  member  of  the  Twenty-second  Ward  Democratic  Club. 


93^ 


THE    EAGLE   AND    BROOKLYN. 


Outside  of  politics  he  has  had  extensive  associations;  besides  being  a  member  of  the  Constitution  Club  he 
was  the  first  president  of  the  Columbian  Club,  in  which  he  retains  his  membership,  and  he  was  one  of  the 
board  of  managers  of  the  Catholic  Orphan  Asylum  eleven  years,  president  of  the  News  Boys'  Home  two 
years  and  president  of  the  Emerald  Association.  In  religion  he  is  a  Catholic  and  has  been  a  member  of  St. 
Auo-ustine's  Church  from  the  time  of  its  organization  twenty-one  years  ago.  He  has  been  established  in 
mercantile  life  in  New  York  many  years  and  is  connected  with  the  banking  interests  of  Brooklyn  as  a 
director  of  the  Sprague  National  Bank  and  vice-president  of  the  National  City  Bank.  He  is  engaged  in  the 
wine  business  in  New  York  city.     He  was  born  on  November  30,  1S32,  in  Grand  Isle  County,  Vt.,  on  the 


borders  of  Lake  Champlaiu.  ,\fter  studying  at  the  public  schools  he  assisted  his  brother  in  a  country  store 
until  he  was  of  age,  when  he  formed  a  partnership  which  continued  three  years.  When  he  was  twenty-four 
years  old  he  established  himself  intlependently  in  the  lumber  business  and  as  proprietor  of  a  general  country 
store  in  Franklin  County,  N.  Y.,  and  conducted  these  interests  until  1858,  when  he  began  his  present  busi- 
ness in  New  York. 

THE   MIDWOOD   CLUB. 

The  Midwcjod  Club,  from  its  very  inception  in  1SS9,  has  been  one  of  the  institutions  of  Flatbush.  The 
first  board  f>f  officers  consisted  of  Homer  L.  Bartlett,  president  ;  John  Z.  Lott,  vice-president  ;  H.  W.  Sher- 
rill,  secretary  ;  \Villiam  A.  A.  Brown,  treasurer.  The  membership  at  first  was  in  the  neighborhood  of  fifty, 
but  at  the  present  writing  it  is  not  far  from  double  that  number.  From  the  very  first  both  W.  A.  A.  Brown 
and  his  father  took  a  deep  interest  in  the  welfare  of  the  club  and  rendered  timely  and  valuable  financial 
assistance,  in  conjunction  with  other  leading  residents  of  F"latbush.  By  this  means  the  club  was  enabled  to 
purchase  the  old  Clarkson  mansion,  together  with  the  grounds  surrounding  it,  extending  between  Flatbush 
and  Ocean  avenues.  The  Clarkson  mansion  was  built  in  1834.  It  stands  four  hundred  feet  back  from  the 
roadway,  embowered  among  stately  elms  and  lime  trees,  underneath  which  is  the  greenest  of  green  sward. 
The  house  itself  is  of  wood,  painted  white,  three  stories  high  and  has  a  wide  piazza  with  Corinthian  columns 
on  the  Flatbush  avenue  front.  The  entrance  hall  is  very  spacious,  plainly  yet  substantially  furnished. 
At  the  front  to  the  right   of  the   hall,  is  the  ladies' parlor,  handsomely  furnished  in  most  excellent  taste. 


^in^c/?^ 


„,q  THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 

Upon  the  left  hand  side  is  the  general  reception  hall,  which  is  fitted  with  a  portable  stage  at  one  end,  used 
for  concerts  and  entertainments  during  the  winter  months.  The  library,  which  is  in  the  rear  of  the  ladies' 
parlor,  is  a  very  pleasant  apartment,  having  well  filled  book  cases  against  the  walls,  and  tables  covered  with 
all  the  latest  magazines  and  papers.  A  fine  portrait  in  oil  colors  of  General  Phil.  Sheridan  adorns  the  wall 
of  the  fire-place.  Hanging  in  a  frame  upon  the  walls,  are  some  interesting  documents  which  vividly  recall 
the  days  when  slavery  was  in  vogue.  This  collection  of  documents  is  the  property  of  Mr.  Adrian  V. 
Martense,  of  Flatbush,  and  were  lent  by  him  to  the  club.     One  of  them  reads  as  follows  : 

"  March  19,  1793. 

"  Received  of  Adrian  Martense  the  sum  of  ^60,  in  full  for  a  negro  by  name  Tom,  aged  about  fourteen 

years,  warranted  property. 

"  Petro  Antonides,  Jr." 

A  broad  and  handsome  staircase  leads  from  the  hallway  to  the  second  story.  Here,  facing  on  Flatbush 
avenue,  is  a  billiard  room,  fitted  with  two  tables,  the  same  number  being  found  in  the  pool  room,  which  is 
at  the  rear,  or  Ocean  avenue  side.  Over  the  mantel  piece  in  the  latter  room  hangs  a  choice  collection  of 
antique  firearms  and  other  weapons,  among  them  some  "pepper-box  "  revolvers  of  the  earliest  days  of  that 
weapon.  On  this  floor,  also,  are  card  and  smoking  rooms  as  well  as  a  cafe.  The  third  story  is  devoted  to 
the  use  of  the  steward  and  other  employees  of  the  club.  Among  the  members  are  nearly  all  the  leading 
residents  of  Flatbush. 

William  A.  A.  Brown,  the  treasurer  of  the  club,  is  well  known  as  the  president  of  the  Budweiser 
Brewing  Company.  He  was  born  in  Brooklyn  on  September  24,  1S56.  His  fatiier  is  a  native  of  Brooklyn, 
while  on  his  mother's  side  his  ancestry  is  Scotch.  When  he  was  five  years  old  his  parents  removed  to  Flat- 
bush and  there  he  has  lived  ever  since.  After  a  short  time  spent  in  study  at  the  public  schools  of  the  city, 
he  entered  the  Polytechnic  Institute  and  subsequently  Union  College,  Schenectady,  from  which  institution 
he  was  graduated  when  he  was  nineteen  years  of  age.  His  first  business  experience  was  gained  with  the 
Long  Island  Brewing  Company,  with  which  concern  he  was  connected  about  two  years,  thus  acquiring  a 
practical  knowledge  of  the  brewer's  trade  which  enabled  him  to  fill  the  position  of  superintendent  of  the 
Williamsburgh  Brewing  Company,  which  had  been  offered  to  him.  He  remained  with  the  company  last 
named  until  1884,  when  he  formed  a  syndicate  for  the  purpose  of  purchasing  the  plant  and  business  of  the 
Old  Bedford  Brewery,  which  at  that  time  was  insolvent,  renaming  it  the  "  Budweiser  ;"  he  became  presi- 
dent at  the  very  beginning.  A  large  amount  of  capital  was  expended  in  putting  in  new  machinery,  erecting 
additional  buildings  and  improving  the  quality  of  the  product.  Mr.  Brown  is  a  member  of  the  Montauk, 
Crescent,  and  Germania  clubs  of  Brooklyn  as  well  as  of  the  New  Utrecht  and  Midwood.  He  is  also  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Union  College  Alumni  Association  and  of  the  Alpha  Delta  Phi  fraternity. 

MISCELLANEOUS    CLUBS    AND    ASSOCIATION'S. 

The  Columbian  Club  is  a  prosperous  social  organization,  which  limits  its  membership  to  those  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  faith.  It  was  established  by  a  few  of  the  parishioners  of  St.  Augustine's  Church  in  October, 
1881,  and  on  the  twenty-sixth  day  of  that  month  it  was  incorporated;  meetings  were  at  first  held  in  the 
parochial  residence  of  the  Rev.  E.  W.  McCarty,  rector  of  St.  Augustine's.  After  the  club  had  been  in 
existence  a  few  months  it  moved  to  Gallatin  place  and  there  occupied  a  brownstone  house.  About  1886 
the  Columbian  again  moved  its  quarters,  this  time  to  the  large  brownstone  building  at  Clinton  and  Jorale- 
mon  streets,  which  had  been  formerly  occupied  by  the  Hamilton  Club.  Another  move  was  made  some  time 
later  to  the  corner  of  Hanson  place  and  South  Portland  avenue,  where  the  club  now  occupies  a  four-story 
brick  and  stone  dwelling.  In  August,  1892,  the  organization  began  the  erection  of  a  handsome  new  build- 
ing, near  the  site  of  that  where  it  is  now  housed.  The  new  structure  is  a  fine  specimen  of  Romanesque 
architecture  and  is  built  of  brick,  stone,  and  terra  cotta.  Its  estimated  cost  is  $60,000.  The  membership 
of  the  club  is  about  three  hundred  and  fifty. 

The  Home  Club  of  the  City  of  Brooklyn,  which  is  comfortably  housed  at  654  Grand  street,  origi- 
nated in  December,  1887,  with  a  dozen  or  more  prominent  merchants  of  Grand  street,  E.  D.,  who  met  to 
consider  the  feasibility  of  establishing  such  an  organization  to  promote  healthy  social  intercourse  between 
its  members.  The  proposition  was  carried  out  in  the  formation  of  what  was  known  at  the  first  as  the 
Home  Club,  which  name  it  retained  until  April  19,  1892,  when  it  was  incorporated  under  its  present  name. 
Its  first  board  of  officers  included  Thomas  J.  Pickard,  president ;  Joseph  Kavanagh,  secretary ;  Robert 
Ferguson,  treasurer.  Charles  Graham  was  elected  president  on  January  15,  1889;  Charles  A.  Johnson,  an 
old-time  resident  and  business  man  of  the  Eastern  District  was  chosen  to  succeed  him  at  the  annual  elec- 
tion in  1890  and  was  reelected  in  1891  ;  and  Joseph  C.  Cabbie  was  elected  in  January,  1892.  Joseph  F. 
Kavanagh  has  retained  the  office  of  secretary  from  the  first ;  and  the  treasurer  is  E.  V.  Klein,  who  was 
chosen  at  the  annual  election  in  1892.    For  the  first  four  years  of  its  existence  the  club  was  located  at  Powers 


SOCIAL   CLUBS    AND    SOCIAL    LIFE.  939 

and  Ewen  streets,  but  in  June,  1891,  the  membership  had  increased  to  one  hundred  and  forty,  and  the 
necessity  for  a  larger  house  became  imperative.  Negotiations  were  begun  with  the  heirs  of  the  Cabbie 
estate  for  a  lease  of  the  old  Cabbie  mansion  at  654  Grand  street  and  were  successful,  the  club  getting  pos- 
session of  one  of  the  finest  old  residences  in  Brooklyn.  An  expenditure  of  $4,000,  for  remodeling  the 
interior,  fitted  it  for  the  purposes  of  club  life  and  the  club  took  possession  as  soon  as  the  alterations  were 
completed.  The  house  is  a  three-story  edifice  occupying  a  lot  one  hundred  feet  square  ;  it  is  set  well  back 
from  the  street  in  the  centre  of  a  well-shaded  lawn  which  is  shut  off  from  the  street  by  a  high  iron  fence. 
The  grounds  in  the  rear  are  neatly  arranged  and  at  the  westerly  end  of  the  grounds  there  is  a  large  brick 
building,  formerly  used  as  a  stable,  which  it  is  intended  to  convert  into  a  gymnasium.  In  the  fitting  up  and 
furnishing  of  the  house  no  expense  was  spared  and  the  furniture  throughout  was  selected  with  a  view  to 
combining  comfort  with  luxury.  Costly  pictures  adorn  the  walls  and  all  the  modern  conveniences  are  to 
be  found  in  every  department.  On  the  first  or  ground  floor  are  the  billiard  room,  store  room  and  wine 
room.  The  parlors  are  in  the  centre  of  the  house  and  the  library  opens  out  on  the  westerly  .side  of  the 
hall.  On  the  other  side  are  the  reception  and  reading  rooms.  The  upper  floor  is  occupied  by  the  dining 
room,  kitchen,  committee  rooms,  and  steward's  quarters.  The  house  is  open  day  and  night  and  many  of 
the  members  dine  there  regularly. 

Residents  of  the  Eastern  District  have  another  excellent  club  in  the  Windsor,  the  membership  of  which 
includes  some  of  the  leading  business  and  professional  men  of  that  part  of  the  city.  The  club  was  first 
organized  in  1881  as  the  Acme  Club,  but  a  reorganization  was  eff'ected  in  1883,  and  the  present  name  was 
adopted.  The  club  rooms  are  at  Lee  avenue  and  Clymer  street.  George  P.  Jacobs  is  president,  and  C.  W. 
Schluchtner,  secretary  and  treasurer. 

Desiring  to  promote  social  intercourse  among  their  acquaintances  and  to  provide  a  pleasant  resort 
where  they  could  come  in  touch  with  each  other  outside  the  realm  of  business,  several  of  the  leading  men 
in  Williamsburgh  met  at  411  Bedford  avenue  during  the  year  1874  and  organized  the  Union  Club.  The 
club  was  organized  with  Charles  Tonjes  as  president ;  Peter  Moller,  secretary,  and  John  MoUer,  treasurer. 
In  two  years  the  membership  had  outgrown  the  capacity  of  the  quarters  at  411  Bedford  avenue,  and  a 
removal  was  made  to  the  old  Lyceum  on  South  Eighth  street,  near  Bedford  avenue,  and  a  few  years  later  a 
second  migration  occurred,  the  club  going  to  the  old  Library  Building  from  which  it  was  evicted  by  fire  on 
April  30,  1889.  A  new  home  for  the  club  was  found  in  the  handsome  three-story  brick  building  on  the 
southwest  corner  of  Bedford  avenue  and  Taylor  street;  a  lease  of  the  premises  was  secured  and  there  the 
club  is  located  at  the  present  time.  The  club  was  not  incorporated  until  April  7,  1881  ;  it  has  at  the  present 
time  seventy-five  members  in  good  standing.  Ladies  are  admitted  to  the  club  house  and  are  entertained  on 
Anniversary  Day  and  Decoration  Day.  The  present  ofificers  are  :  Fred.  S.  Benson,  president  ;  John  W. 
Gaylor,  secretary  ;  John  McKee,  treasurer. 

In  the  winter  of  i88o-'8i  about  forty  members  withdrew  from  the  Union  Club,  and  formed  a  separate 
organization  Most  of  them  were  men  of  mature  years,  and  the  institution  which  they  founded,  since 
known  as  the  Merchants'  Club,  has  naturally  been  always  more  or  less  tinged  with  a  spirit  of  conserva- 
tism. A  brick  house,  at  95  South  Tenth  street,  containing  three  stories  and  a  basement,  was  rented  and  here 
the  organization  has  been  installed  throughout  the  entire  period  of  its  existence.  The  membership  has 
scarcely  ever  exceeded  fifty,  and  the  management  of  the  club  has  never  evinced  a  disposition  to  give  the 
organization  any  larger  field  of  development.  A  year  after  its  establishment  the  Merchants'  Club  was  incor- 
porated, Its  house  is  comfortably  furnished,  and  every  means  provided  therein  for  those  quiet  forms  of 
social  intercourse  and  recreation  in  which  the  members  indulge.  William  H.  Manning  is  president,  and  C. 
W.  F.  Dare,  secretary. 

In  1854  a  number  of  young  shipwrights  and  dock  laborers  in  Williamsburgh  and  Greenpoint  organized 
the  Eckford  Base-ball  Club,  now  known  as  the  Eckford  Club,  which  received  its  name  from  John  Eckford, 
a  master  ship  carpenter  of  Williamsburgh.  The  Eckfords  became  celebrated  and  developed,  in  their  days 
of  activity,  the  talents  of  many  of  the  most  famous  men  on  the  old  diamond.  In  1872  the  club  became  a 
social  organization  and  it  has  always  prospered.  From  its  first  meeting  place  on  Grand  street  the  club 
moved  to  the  corner  of  South  First  and  Third  streets;  other  migrations  followed  at  intervals  and  in  May, 
1888,  the  organization  moved  to  its  present  home  in  the  upper  portion  of  the  building  at  95  Broadway.  It 
has  a  membership  of  about  fifty  ;  William  E.  Melody  is  president  and  Edward  G,  Tully,  secretary. 

The  Friendship  Club  was  established  as  an  essentially  Jewish  social  organization  and  it  has  man- 
aged to  preserve  this  feature  to  a  great  extent  through  every  phase  of  its  existence.  All  its  members,  with 
the  exception  of  half  a  dozen,  are  adherents  of  the  ancient  faith.  It  was  organized  in  1885  and  at  first 
occupied  a  house  on  South  Fifth  street ;  within  three  years  it  moved  to  its  present  location  in  the  three- 
story  brick  house  at  93  South  Ninth  street.  It  has  never  sought  much  publicity  and  all  its  social  enter- 
tainments are  of  a  particularly  select  character.  It  has  a  well  equipped  home  and  a  membership  list  of 
about  100  ;  R.  Seligman  is  president  and  Louis  Newman,  secretary. 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 

The  Algonquin  Club  is  the  chief  social  institution  in  that  section  of  the  city  which  nr.iay  properly  be 
termed  South  Brooklyn.  It  was  organized  on  February  ii,  1882  by  a  dozen  young  men,  most  of  whom 
were  members  of  the  Westminster  Presbyterian  Church.  Its  first  president  was  William  F.  Penney. 
The  object  of  the  association  was  primarily  to  encourage  debate  and  scientific  discussion  among  its  mem- 
bers; meetings  were  held  at  private  houses  and  the  organization  was  generally  known  as  the  "Newspaper 
Club,"  because  most  of  the  questions  which  it  debated  were  those  with  which  the  journals  of  the  day  had 
made  the  public  familiar.  In  a  few  months  the  club  was  prosperous  enough  to  hire  two  rooms  in  a  brown- 
stone  house  on  Second  place.  There  came  greater  accessions  of  membership  and  about  1888,  when  the 
social  element  in  the  organization  began  to  predominate,  the  club  rented  a  house  on  Tompkins  place ; 
within  a  year  there  was  another  change  of  location  and  the  spacious  brownstone  house  at  63  First  place 
was  secured.  The  name  of  the  organization  had  meanwhile  been  changed,  and  in  June,  1889,  it  was  incor- 
porated as  the  Algonquin  Club ;  from  that  time  forward  it  has  ranked  among  the  leading  social  institutions 
of  the  city.  The  house  which  it  occupies  contains  four  stories  and  a  basement  and  is  handsomely  furnished 
throughout.  It  is  equipped  with  every  convenience  of  a  first-class  club.  The  membership  of  the  Algonquin 
is  limited  to  two  hundred. 

The  Original  Fourteen  Club  grew  out  of  the  election  of  Charles  W.  Sutherland,  who  was  elected  to 
the  assemby  from  the  ninth  district  of  Kings  County  in  1890.  Some  of  his  friends  decided  to  celebrate 
the  event  by  a  day's  outing  at  College  Point,  L.  I.  They  went  thither  on  November  21,  1890.  The  party 
consisted  of  Justice  John  J.  Walsh,  William  Grady,  Thomas  Brown,  Col.  T.  Dempsey,  Mortimer  C.  Murphy, 
T.  Curran,  Robert  T.  Brown,  Thomas  Donlon,  M.  J.  Walsh,  Charles  W.  Sutherland,  Daniel  O'Neill,  Anthony 
Walsh,  and  John  Lowery— just  fourteen  in  all.  When  returning  to  Brooklyn  on  the  steamer  the  members 
of  the  party  decided  to  form  a  permanent  organization  for  social  purposes.  They  straightway  elected  offi- 
cers, and  Justice  Walsh  was  chosen  president,  an  office  which  he  has  ever  since  held.  The  full  name  which 
the  club  decided  to  adopt  was  The  Original  Fourteen  Club  of  Kings  County.  Its  membership  has  increased 
to  a  great  extent  and  its  rolls  now  include  the  names  of  nearly  five  hundred  men  ;  the  club  meets  monthly 
in  Central  Hall  at  7  Myrtle  avenue.  The  principal  event  on  its  calendar  is  the  annual  outing,  which  is 
always  largely  attended. 

In  the  days  of  the  old  volunteer  fire  department  no  engine  in  Brooklyn  had  a  higher  reputation  for 
efficiency  than  Putnam  Engine  No.  21,  which  was  housed  near  the  corner  of  Fourth  avenue  and  Nineteenth 
street.  When  the  volunteer  firemen  were  disbanded  in  1869,  about  thirty  of  the  Putnam  men  united  them- 
selves in  a  social  organization,  to  which  they  gave  the  name  of  the  Putnaji  Club.  The  institution  had  its 
first  home  in  a  frame  house  on  Fourth  avenue,  between  Seventeenth  and  Eighteenth  streets.  Here  it 
remained  until  1873,  when  the  present  club  house  at  Twenty-fifth  street  and  Third  avenue  was  occupied  for 
the  first  time.  This  structure  is  a  three-story  frame  dwelling  and  is  comfortaoly  furnished,  affording  every 
social  facility  demanded  by  the  modest  requirements  of  the  association.  The  club  has  about  sixty-five 
members;  of  these  Peter  Wilson  and  Louis  C.  Schenck  are  the  only  remaining  fire  veterans.  The  presi- 
dent is  Peter  Wilson,  and  Robert  T.  Blohm  is  secretary. 

Some  young  men  in  the  eleventh  ward  formed  a  musical  association  twenty  years  ago,  to  which  they 
gave  the  name  of  the  Juanita  Musical  Club,  now  known  as  the  Juanita  Club.  The  meetings  of  the  organ- 
ization were  held  at  193  Montague  street  until  about  1884,  when  the  club  changed  its  character  and  became 
the  Juanita  Benevolent  Association  ;  then  it  moved  to  407  Bridge  street.  Early  in  1891  the  social  element 
in  the  organization  took  control,  and  in  March  of  the  same  year  the  Juanita  Club  was  formally  organized 
and  incorporated.  A  three-story  brick  house  at  403  Bridge  street  was  rented  and  there  the  club  has  ever 
since  been  domiciled.  The  interior  of  the  building  is  comfortably  and  conveniently  furnished.  The  club 
has  one  hundred  and  fifty-seven  members;  its  officers  are  :  William  Hughes,  president  ;  Daniel  M.  Kelly, 
vice-president  ;  Peter  L.  Kenney,  recording  secretary  ;  W.  J.  Larkm,  financial  secretary  ;  W.  J.  Farrell, 
treasurer. 

The  origin  of  the  Manhasset  Club  was  St.  Stephen's  Young  Men's  Union,  which  was  organized  in 
February,  1876,  among  the  young  men  of  the  congregation  of  St.  Stephen's  Roman  Catholic  Church. 
Essentially  a  South  Brooklyn  institution,  the  Union  located  in  the  immediate  neighborhood  of  its  birth-place 
and  engaged  modest  quarters  at  132  Summit  street.  Within  a  year  it  moved  to  larger  premises  at  105 
Rapelyea  street  ;  in  1884  still  more  commodious  quarters  were  necessary  and  a  brownstone  house,  contain- 
ing three  stories  and  basement,  was  leased  at  141  Summit  street.  In  November,  1S90,  the  name  of  the  or- 
ganization was  changed  to  Manhasset  Club.  In  the  summer  of  1891  the  club  moved  to  its  present  home,  a 
handsome  four-story  brownstone  house  at  396  Clinton  street.  The  membership  is  nearly  three  hundred  ; 
Farrell  F.  Cowley  is  president  and  Francis  T.  Leahy,  secretary. 

The  Irving  Club  was  an  outgrowth  of  the  Young  Men's  Club  of  the  Tompkins  Avenue  Congrega- 
tional Church.  About  forty  young  men,  who  constituted  the  major  portion  of  that  organization,  decided  in 
October,  1S91,  to  form  the  Irving  Club,  which  soon  afterwards  entered  upon  the  possession  of  its  present 


SOCIAL    CLUBS    AND    SOCL\L    LIFE.  941 

club  house,  a  commodious  frame  structure  on  Fulton  street,  near  the  corner  of  Nostrand  avenue.  With  a 
full  treasury  and  abundant  resources  the  Irving  Club  has  continually  increased  in  prosperity  ;  its  member- 
ship has  long  ago  reached  the  full  limit  of  three  hundred,  and  a  number  of  names  are  always  on  the 
waiting  list.  The  club  has  one  of  the  finest  libraries  possessed  by  any  social  organization  in  Brooklyn,  and 
the  club  house  is  provided  with  a  restaurant,  billiard  and  pool  rooms,  and  all  the  conveniences  of  club  life. 
The  officers  are  :  Howard  O.  Wood,  president ;  C.  D.  Marvin,  first  vice-president ;  H.  B.  Stevens,  second 
vice-president  ;  Alexander  Logie,  secretary  ;  Charles  Rustin,  treasurer. 

In  the  latter  part  of  December,  1891,  a  few  working  newspaper  men  sent  out  a  call  to  all  their  fellows 
of  the  profession  in  the  city  to  meet  and  discuss  plans  for  organizing  a  club,  and  the  result  was  the  Brook- 
lyn Press  Club.  The  project  was  not  a  new  one,  but  all  previous  attempts  at  establishing  a  permanent  and 
harmonious  organization  had  failed.  On  the  evening  of  December  30,  iS9i,more  than  two  hundred  newspaper 
men  responded  to  the  call,  and  assembled  in  the  common  council  chamber  of  the  city  hall,  where  organiza- 
tion was  effected  and  temporary  officers  elected.  Committees  were  appointed,  and  at  the  second  meeting,  also 
held  in  the  city  hall,  on  January  13,  1891,  constitution  and  by-laws  were  adopted,  nominations  for  perma- 
nent officers  were  made,  and  the  question  of  a  club  house  was  referred  to  a  committee  with  power.  The 
third  meeting  was  held  on  February  4,  1892,  in  a  three-story  brick  building  at  171  State  street,  which  in  the 
brief  interim  had  been  rented  and  furnished  as  a  club  house.  On  that  occasion  the  annual  election  was  held 
and  the  following  officers  were  elected  to  serve  until  the  first  Thursday  in  February,  1893  :  William  Walton, 
president  ;  Sanders  Shanks,  first  vice-president  ;  J.  F.  Donnelly,  second  vice-president ;  James  A.  Rooney, 
recording  secretary  ;  Solon  Barbanell,  corresponding  secretary  ;  James  M.  AVood,  financial  secretary  ;  Wil- 
bur M.  Palmer,  treasurer  ;  Frank  Doyle,  librarian.  The  character  of  the  club  is  purely  social.  The  con- 
stitution provides  that  membership  shall  be  confined  to  editors,  reporters,  correspondents,  artists,  and  all 
who  write  for  a  living,  reside  in  Brooklyn  or  on  Long  Island,  and  are  engaged  in  active  newspaper  or 
literary  work  there  or  elsewhere,  or  in  such  work  in  Brooklyn  though  residing  elsewhere.  Both  socially 
and  financially,  the  club  was  a  success  from  the  first  meeting,  and  early  in  1893,  when  the  membership  was 
125,  the  project  was  broached  of  purchasing  a  building  and  furnishing  it  handsomely  as  a  club  house.  The 
house  at  198  Livingston  street  was  secured,  and  through  the  active  interest  of  Feli.x  Campbell  will  soon 
pass  into  possession  of  the  club.  The  officers  elected  for  1893  were  :  William  Walton,  president ;  Sanders 
Shanks,  first  vice-president ;  John  Alden  Connolly,  second  vice-president;  Edward  Feeney,  recording  secre- 
tary ;  Solon  Barbanell,  corresponding  secretary  ;  Percy  Bysshe  Purdy,  financial  secretary  ;  James  M.  Wood, 
treasurer;  James  Mulhane,  librarian.  In  March,  1893,  Mr.  Walton  resigned  from  the  presidency  and  W.  H. 
Cassidy  was  chosen  to  succeed  him. 

The  Clover  Club  was  organized  and  incorporated  in  June,  i89i,and  its  home  is  the  three-story  brown- 
stone  house  at  163  Livingston  street.  The  movement  which  resulted  in  its  organization  was  participated  in 
by  about  forty  men,  principally  residents  of  the  first  ward  and  South  Brooklyn.  The  club  is  conducted  on 
the  lines  of  an  ordinary  social  institution,  and  has  a  membership  of  nearly  one  hundred  ;  its  home  is  fur- 
nished with  all  the  conveniences  which  characterize  the  modern  club  house,  and  entertainments  of  various 
sorts  are  held  there  frequently.     Ashley  W.  Cole  is  president  and  George  G.  Barnard,  secretary. 

The  Brunswick  Club,  which  has  a  membership  of  one  hundred  and  fifteen,  occupies  modest  quarters 
in  a  two-story  house  at  60  Butler  street.  Its  membership  is  limited  principally  to  residents  of  the  tenth 
ward,  and  it  was  organized  and  has  since  been  conducted  upon  a  purely  social  basis.  James  Cahill  is  presi- 
dent and  S.  Morren,  secretary. 

SOCIAL    LIFE. 

As  the  old  village  of  Breuckelen  has  grown  by  successive  stages  to  metropolitan  proportions  its  society 
has  developed,  season  by  season,  from  the  bud  which  grew  along  the  river  front,  almost  into  fullest 
bloom.  There  is  this  difference,  however,  between  the  development  of  the  city  and  the  unfolding  of  its 
social  life — Brooklyn  itself  is  a  compact  welding  together  of  several  villages,  districts,  and  localities  that 
have  become  a  unity  in  politics,  government,  and  commercial  interest.  But  socially  there  are  lines  of 
demarcation  indicated  by  the  designations  "  Heights,"  "  Hill,"  "  Bedford  Section,"  "  Park  Slope,"  "  South 
Brooklyn,"  and  "East  End."  Before  i860  society  in  Brooklyn  was  inchoate  and  its  entertainments  were 
spasmodic.  It  was  then  in  the  earlier  stages  of  development ;  but  early  in  that  decade  the  scattered 
fragments  began  to  have  some  cohesion.  The  Heights  was  the  only  fashionable  section  of  the  town.  A 
number  of  New  York  merchants — men  in  the  East  India  trade,  in  great  part — had  planted  themselves  on 
sites  overlooking  the  bay,  and  their  children,  as  they  grew  up,  formed  a  set  and  presented  the  first  act  of 
the  social  drama.  Just  as  the  Russells,  the  Abbots,  the  Adamses,  and  the  Winthrops,  stand  for  the  social 
life  of  Massachusetts  ;  the  Wetmores,  the  Stuyvesants,  the  Van  Rensselaers,  and  the  Kernochans  for  New 
York  ;  so  do  the  Lows,  the  Lymans,  the  Chittendens,  the  Hunts,  the  Polhemuses,  the  Pierreponts,  and  the 
,  Whites  represent  the  first  phase  of  this  city's  society.     The  Park  Slope  at  this  time  was  an  expanse  ot 


542  THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 

crrassv  meadows,  untouched  by  the  builder's  hand  ;  Clinton  avenue,  always  the  centre  of  the  Hill,  was  prac- 
tically out  in  the  country  and  its  inhabitants  were  suburban  residents,  sometimes  to  be  asked  "within  the 
gates  "  but  generally  unknown  ;  the  Bedford  Section  was  a  town  in  the  fields;  the  East  End  was  never 
heard  of.  South  Brooklyn  had  a  fringe  of  handsome  dwellings  on  First  place,  but  it  was  too  insignificant 
to  form  a  section  by  itself.  And  so  it  was  that  without  question  or  cavil,  principally  because  of  its  superb 
geographical  position  in  the  city  of  250,000  people,  the  Heights  society  gained  and  held  the  name  of  the 
"  charmed  circle." 

There  was  little  that  was  really  "  citified  "  in  the  amusements  of  the  old  time  set ;  a  great  diversion  of  this 
period  was  its  sleighing  parties  down  the  Jamaica  road,  and  its  trips  in  summer  to  Coney  Island  for  clam 
bakes.  The  "Casket"  sociables,  held  in  private  houses,  were  the  first  distinctive  social  events  that  marked 
Heights  life.  About  1864  came  the  Entre  Nous  (the  real  forerunner  of  the  present  Assembly)  which  was 
given  for  several  winters  in  Dodsworth's  old  dancing  academy  on  Montague  street,  not  far  from  where 
the  Real  Estate  Exchange  now  stands.  Private  theatricals  flourished  on  parlor  boards  then  as  they  never 
have  since,  and  the  german  made  its  bow  and  met  with  great  popularity.  The  war  and  its  reverses  from  a 
Northern  point  of  view,  when  Lee  was  continuing  his  triumphal  march  towards  New  York  and  the  call  for 
money  was  urgent,  brought  about  the  most  brilliant  and  successful  social  event  that  Brooklyn  ever  yet  has 
seen — the  sanitary  fair,  a  particular  account  of  which  is  given  in  another  chapter.  Nearly  everyone  of 
social  prominence  was  enlisted  in  the  cause  ;  not  only  was  every  inch  of  the  Academy  utilized,  but  abridge 
spanned  ^Montague  street  and  reached  into  Knickerbocker  Hall,  where  the  Knickerbocker  restaurant  was 
established.  There,  too,  was  the  New  England  kitchen  which  was  kept  running  day  and  evening.  The  sani- 
tary fair  continued  nearly  a  month,  and  netted  something  over  $300,000.  Two  men  stand  out  prominently 
through  those  early  years  as  the  founders  and  leaders  of  the  Heights  social  life.  These  men  were  William 
H.  Cromwell,  a  Yale  collegian  of  a  New  York  family  just  removed  to  Brooklyn,  and  Dr.  Albert  E.  Sumner, 
a  young  physician  from  Hartford.  Together  they  founded  the  Entre  Nous  and  directed  the  social  rounds, 
and  to  William  H.  Cromwell  belongs  the  honor  of  having  introduced  into  Brooklyn  the  german,  which  in 
those  days  was  a  costly  and  elaborate  affair.  Seldom  if  ever  since  the  sixties  have  the  favors  been  finer 
or  the  figures  more  intricate.  Mr.  Cromwell  also  inaugurated  Brooklyn's  great  charity  balls,  given  under 
the  name  of  the  Homreopathic  Hospital,  the  fame  of  which  spread  widely.  The  era  of  the  charity  balls  was 
the  early  seventies  and  by  that  time  the  Heights  had  reached  the  summit  of  its  social  power.  Contempo- 
raneous with  the  charity  balls  were  the  famous  receptions  given  by  the  Art  Association  under  the  presi- 
dency of  Ethelbert  S.  Mills.  The  association's  gothic  building  was  completed  then  and  that  with  the  As- 
sembly rooms  were  used  for  the  hanging  of  pictures,  while  the  Academy  parquet  was  floored  over  and  in  a 
maze  of  flowers  and  melody  all  the  city's  social  characters  met.  Prominent  at  this  time,  and  always  leading 
in  committee  work,  were  Hiram  S.  Hunt  and  Mrs.  S.  B.  Chittenden.  The  year  1875  fairly  closes  the  first 
act  of  social  life  in  Brooklyn.  At  about  this  time  the  other  sections  had  grown  strong  in  point  of  numbers. 
By  late  in  the  seventies  there  were  three  distinct  circles  in  the  city,  the  second  being  formed  on  the  Hill 
and  the  third  south  of  Atlantic  avenue.  Within  the  past  nine  years  three  new  coteries  have  come  to  the 
front — the  residents  of  the  Park  Slooe  or  Prospect  Heights,  those  of  the  Bedford  section  and  the  East  End. 
About  1883  the  various  sets  were  at  their  fullest  development  and  the  period  of  sectionalism  was  at  its 
height.  Rapidly,  nowadays,  these  lines  of  separation  are  being  obliterated  and  society  is  massing  itself  into 
one  body.  Two  circumstances  chiefly  contributed  towards  bringing  this  about — the  great  charity  entertain- 
ments and  the  influence  of  club  associations.  Even  before  these  forces  were  felt  the  women  had  begun  the 
coalescence.  The  managers  of  the  big  affairs,  the  Academy  tableaux  vivants  and  charity  dances,  discovered 
that  wide  cooperation  was  necessary  in  order  that  the  fullest  success  might  be  achieved. 

As  this  second  act  is  about  to  end,  through  the  influences  of  amalgamation,  the  peculiar  elements  of 
Brooklyn's  social  existence  are  to  be  seen  at  a  glance.  Regarding  the  modes  of  entering  any  one  of  the 
charmed  circles,  there  have  been  three  keys  to  unlock  the  ivory  gates:  church,  charity,  and  grandfather. 
Wealth  has  never  played  much  of  a  part,  nor  has  it  been  of  the  slightest  value  to  the  young  man  or  the  debu- 
tante. Some  of  the  most  conspicuous  leaders  have  been  men  of  ridiculously  small  income  ;  some  of  the 
most  popular  "  rosebuds  "  have  known  what  it  was  to  be  poor.  But  among  the  descendants  of  the  old-time 
merchant  princes  on  the  Heights,  family  and  caste  have  been  everything.  It  was  a  great  matter  to  be  a 
genuine  old  Brooklynite  and  for  years  it  practically  settled  the  question  of  admission  into  the  inner  circle. 
Outsiders,  no  matter  who  they  might  be,  were  regarded  askance.  Even  now  the  portals  of  the  Heights 
mansions  open  with  care  as  to  who  is  to  be  admitted.  Of  the  men  who  socially  have  rule  from  the  river 
to  Court  and  Fulton  streets  to-day  there  is  but  one  who  is  not  a  Brooklynite  of  many  years  residence 
The  exception  made  in  his  favor  is  so  remarkable  that  it  only  goes  to  prove  the  rule.  He  is  a  southerner  of 
irreproachable  family  and  has  won  his  position  here  through  his  unfailing  kindness,  his  perfect  manhood, 
and  his  executive  ability.  In  every  other  section  of  the  town  the  evolution  of  society  has  been  along  very 
different  lines.     The  church  first  brought  people  together.     The  Sunday-school  class  began  it,  the  church  , 


SOCIAL    CLUBS    AND    SOCIAL    LIFE. 


943 


sociable  in  private  houses  continued  it  and  tlie  step  from  tiiis  to  little  dances  of  an  independent  order  was 
very  slight.  Even  to-day  the  surest  way  for  a  young  man  to  gain  his  entree  into  social  life  is  to  join  the 
young  people's  association  of  some  energetic  church  congregation.  In  characteristics,  little  if  any  differ- 
ence is  to  be  noticed  between  the  members  of  the  various  sets.  One  further  trait  of  Brooklyn  social  life, 
one  particular  characteristic,  is  to  be  specially  commented  upon— the  youth  of  its  leaders.  In  this  regard 
Brooklyn  resembles  a  big,  unwieldiy  country  town.  As  a  rule,  men  and  women  marry  early  in  life  on  this 
side  of  the  East  river.  They  settle  down  to  housekeeping  and  give  the  city  the  reputation  of  being  a  town 
of  homes.     It  is  seldom  after  marriage  that  they  drop  back  into  the  old  social   routine.     In  New  York,  in 


•i^'  .^*    ...'AvC 


'■»»•' 


Assemi;lv  Rooms,  Decorated  for  the  Ihpetonga  Ball. 

Boston,  in  Philadelphia,  the  brides  frequently  lead  the  "rosebuds"  in  point  of  attraction  ;  but  in  Brooklyn 
the  most  charming  young  married  woman  feels  that  she  has  played  her  social  part.  She  gives  a  tea  or  two, 
is  seen  occasionally  at  a  dance,  perhaps,  but  on  most  occasions  leaves  the  field  to  the  younger  girls.  So 
each  year  a  younger  set  comes  to  the  fore.  There  is  no  recognized  leader  who  rules  supreme  over  any  of 
the  social  destinies.  As  it  was  in  the  sixties,  so  to-day,  the  german,  now  the  cotillon,  rules  with  never 
flagging  popularity.  A  man  can  have  no  greater  claim  to  social  distinction  than  that  of  being  a  good 
cotillon  leader.  The  german  is  everywhere.  The  only  functions  it  cannot  touch  are  a  wedding  and  a  tea. 
Brooklyn  social  amusements  group  themselves  into  sharply  defined  classes.  The  Ihpetonga  (the  Patri- 
archs of  Brooklyn)  has  taken  the  lead  ever  since  its  inception  in  the  fall  of  1885.  Then  came  the  many 
dancing  classes,  now,  in  most  cases,  dignified  by  the  name  of  assemblies — the  Heights,  contemporaneous 
with  the  Ihpetonga  ;  the  Prospect  Heights,  formed  some  three  years  later ;  the  Tuesday  evening  subscrip- 
tion dances,  mainly  the  younger  Park  Slope  set ;  and  the  LTtowana,  an  informal  assembly  of  the  Hill  and 
the  East  End.  Besides  these,  nearly  every  season  witnesses  the  formation  of  some  dancing  set  simply  for 
the  revels  of  one  year.  Of  late,  riding  clubs  have  taken  a  popular  hold.  Their  season  is  always  marked 
by  several  dances  of  much  elaborateness  and  display.  Bowling,  since  the  Pouch  Mansion  alleys  were 
completed,  at  the  beginning  of  last  season,  has  met  with  much  favor  and  many  clubs  are  organized  for  exer- 
cise with  the  wooden  balls.  The  men's  clubs  do  their  part.  Not  a  season  goes  by  that  is  not  signalized  by 
elaborate  receptions.  As  social  events,  the  great  Academy  fairs  are  beginning  to  die  now,  though  they 
still  continue  enormously  profitable.  The  smaller  clubs  and  organizations  are  legion,  and  the  parlor 
cotillons,  bachelor's  balls,  leap  year  dances,  card  parties,  receptions,  etc.,  succeed  each  other  so  that  the 
season  once  started  never  wanes  until  Lenten  time,  and  in  whatever  set  of  the  city  one  may  be,  or  in  what- 
ever house,  the  lines  of  the  old  song  are  true,  despite  the  faulty  grammar: 

"  There's  waltzing  in  the  parlor, 

"  There's  a  dance  for  you  and  I." 


944 


THE    EACtLE    and    BROOKLYN. 


THE  IHPETONGA. 

That  idea  which  furnished  the  motive  for  the  "Patriarchs'  Ball"  in  New  York  bore  fruit  in  Brooklyn 
in  the  organization  of  the  Ihpetonga.  The  name  is  an  Indian  word  and  until  recently  was  supposed  to  sig- 
nify the  "  high  sandy  place,"  and  thus  descriptively  to  designate  "  the  Heights,"  making  it  a  most  appropriate 
name  for  the  exclusive  social  organization  of  that  locality.  The  prime  movers  in  effecting  organization 
were  Frank  S.  Benson,  Charles  E,  Bill,  Jr.,  Amory  S.  Carhart,  Arthur  M.  Hatch,  and  Watson  B.  Dickerman. 
It  was  a  purely  social  organization  and  its  chief  aim  was  to  hold  an  annual  ball  representative  of  the  fashion 
and  culture  of  the  city.  It  was  designed  to  restrict  the  membership  to  persons  of  social  prominence  or 
descendants  of  old  families  that  were  active  and  influential  in  the  affairs  of  Brooklyn  in  its  early  days. 
There  were  fifty  original  subscribers  and  the  membership  is  only  sixty  at  the  present  time.  Each  sub- 
scriber is  permitted  to  invite  to  the  ball  two  ladies  and  two  gentlemen  making,  with  himself,  five  persons. 
This  limits  the  total  number  of  participants  to  three  hundred.  The  charge  of  exclusiveness  which  is  apt. to 
be  made  is  answered  by  the  fact  that  the  element  of  exclusiveness  contributes  to  the  success  of  the  associa- 
tion. The  balls  have  been  given  at  the  Academy  of  Music  and  have  been  elaborate  affairs,  creating 
increased  interest  at  each  recurrence.  No  expense  has  been  spared  in  the  decorations,  and  the  gatherings 
have  invariably  been  brilliant  in  the  personnel  of  the  participants  and  the  richness  and  beauty  of  the 
toilettes  of  the  ladies.  The  rooms  of  the  association  are  at  154  Remsen  street,  and  the  treasurer,  Arthur 
M.  Hatch,  has  held  that  office  from  the  first. 


r 


Music  .Stand  Corner,  Ihpetonga  Ball. 


SECRET  ORDERS  AND  SPECIAL  SOCIETIES. 


ECRET  societies,  mutual  benefit  organizations,  fraternities  based  upon  ties  of 
human  sympathy,  associations  perpetuating  the  memory  of  ancestral  origin,  or 
imbued  with  the  spirit  of  historical  or  philosophical  research,  take  root  easily  in 
Brooklyn,  and  form  a  large  and  important  element  in  the  life  of  the  community. 
Freemasonry,  which  probably  is  the  oldest  secret  society  in  the  world,  is  repre- 
sented in  all  of  its  several  rites  and  its  many  degrees;  and  the  other  orders  of 
the  same  class — symbolic  of  some  impressive  historical  fact  or  striking  legend — 
are  strong  in  numbers,  in  proportion  to  the  age  of  the  respective  order.  The 
ritualism  and  symbolism  of  the  older  bodies  have  a  modified  reproduction  in  cer- 
tain temperance  organizations,  in  some  of  which  the  mutual  benefit  idea  has  a 
place  ;  and  these  elements  are  equally  conspicuous  in  those  societies  organized 
for  the  purposes  of  cooperative  insurance  in  cases  of  sickness  and  death,  which,  for  a  score  of  years,  have 
been  multiplying  in  Brooklyn  as  rapidly  as  they  have  made  their  way  in  the  country  at  large.  These 
elements  disappear  in  such  bodies  as  the  Long  Island  Historical  Society,  the  New  England  Society,  and 
similar  organizations,  and  they  have  no  place  in  those  societies  whose  meetings  are  devoted  wholly  to 
inquiry  and  discussion  relative  to  ethics,  philosophy,  social  science,  and  the  many  other  things  with  which 
progressive  and  aggressive  minds  are  busied.  All  of  these  organizations  thrive  in  their  several  fields,  and 
the  threads  of  social  intercourse  are  more  closely  interwoven  by  their  influence.  In  t\\e personnel  of  the 
various  societies  there  is  a  general  merging  of  one  with  all,  for  it  is  the  rule  rather  than  the  exception  that 
any  man  who  is  a  member  of  one  organization  is  a  member  of  several  others,  and  the  membership  lists 
of  all  would  show,  even  on  a  cursory  e.\amination,  a  frequent  recurrence  of  many  names. 


RITUALISTIC    AND    BENEFICIARY    ORDERS. 


Freemasonry  began  its  organized  existence  in  Brooklyn  in  1796,  when  St.  Albans  Lodge,  No.  62,  was 
opened  under  dispensation  granted  on  June  7  by  the  Grand  Lodge  of  New  York,  which  at  that  time  had 
existed  fifteen  years  ;  internal  dissensions  caused  a  revocation  of  the  charter  of  the  lodge  on  June  5, 
1799.  St.  Albans  was  succeeded  by  Fortitude  Lodge,  No.  19,  which  was  opened  under  a  warrant  granted 
on  December  4,  1799,  and  is  the  oldest  as  well  as  one  of  the  most  prosperous  masonic  organizations  in 
Brooklyn.  At  the  present  time  there  are  sixty  "blue  lodges  "  in  Brooklyn,  with  a  total  membership  of  at 
least  8,000.  These  lodges  represent  the  order  of  Free  and  Accepted  Masons,  or  what  is  sometiines  called 
the  York  Rite,  and  are  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  the  State  of  New  York.  They  are 
grouped  in  four  masonic  districts,  each  under  the  supervision  of  a  district  deputy  grand  master,  and  num- 
bered respectively  the  second,  third,  twenty-eighth  (German)  and  twenty-ninth  (French)  districts.  The 
German  Freemasons  have  six  lodges,  and  there  is  one  French  lodge. 

Royal  Arch  Masonry  was  introduced  in  Brooklyn  by  the  organization  of  Nassau  Chapter,  No.  109, 
which  worked  under  dispensation  a  short  time  and  was  chartered  by  the  Grand  Chapter  of  the  State  of  New 
York  on  February  8, 1826.  After  the  year  1831  the  chapter  was  dormant  until  February  2,  1836,  when  it  was 
resuscitated  and  its  charter  was  restored.  There  are  eleven  chapters  in  the  city,  and  the  total  membership 
is  at  least  3,000. 

Council  Degrees  are  conferred  in  Brooklyn  in  only  one  body,  Brooklyn  Council  of  Royal  and  Select 
Masters,  No.  4.  These  degrees  follow  those  of  the  Royal  Arch  Chapter  in  historical  sequence  and  in  some 
jurisdictions  are  necessary  steps  to  the  chivalric  degrees  conferred  in  the  order  of  Knights  Templars.  In 
this  jurisdiction  they  are  not  essential,  and  the  result  is  that  the  number  of  councils  is  small,  as  a  compara- 
tively limited  number  of  Masons  care  to  investigate  the  council  mysteries,  and  of  these  a  considerable  pro- 
portion take  the  council  degrees  after  having  taken  those  of  the  commandery,  which  are  higher.  ■ 


946 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


Knight  Templarism  appeared  in  Brooklyn  in  1828,  wlien  Clinton  Commandery,  No.  14,  was  stationed 
here  under  a  dispensation  granted  on  April  10;  the  charter  was  granted  on  June  6,  1828,  and  the  com- 
mandery continues  its  existence  with  more  than  three  hundred  enrolled  in  its  membership.  There  are  four 
commanderies  stationed  in  Brooklyn  at  the  present  time  and  the  total  number  of  Knights  Templars  in  the 
city  is  nearly  700. 

The  Ancient  Accepted  Scottish  Rite,  to  which  the  three  degrees  of  the  "blue  lodge"  are  prelim- 
inary, as  they  are  to  the  degrees  in  the  advanced  orders  heretofore  described,  is  represented  in  Brooklyn 
by  four  bodies  known  by  the  general  designation  of  the  Aurora  Grata.  They  hold  their  charters  under  the 
Supreme  Council  of  Sovereign  Grand  Lispectors  General  of  the  Northern  Jurisdiction  of  the  United  States 
of  America.  The  name  of  Aurora  Grata  is  simply  the  designation  by  which  each  of  these  four  bodies  is 
known  and  does  not  represent  in  itself  any  particular  phase  of  Freemasonry.  These  four  bodies  are: 
Aurora  Grata  Lodge  of  Perfection — 4°  to  14°  inclusive — chartered  on  November  6,  1808,  and  now  having 
641  members;  Aurora  Grata  Council,  Princes  of  Jerusalem — 15°  and  t6° — chartered  on  June  6,  1866,  and 
now  having  519  members;  Aurora  Grata  Chapter  of  Rose  Croix — 17°  and  18° — chartered  on  June  6,  1S66, 
and  now  having  469  members  ;  Aurora  Grata  Consistory,  S.  P.  R.  S. — 19°  to  32°  inclusive — chartered  on 
September  19,  1S89,  and  now  having  369  members.  In  the  membership  of  these  bodies  are  several  33° 
Masons  having  a  degree  which  is  not  conferred  in  any  of  the  subordinate  bodies,  but  is  a  distinction 
bestowed  by  the  supreme  organization  upon  persons  who  have  rendered  distinguished  masonic  service. 

Related  to  these  Aurora  Grata  bodies  are  the  Aurora  Grata  Association  and  the  Aurora  Grata  Club. 
The  first  named  body  was  incorporated  in  1886  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  York,  with  a  capital  of 
$50,000,  to  hold  real  estate  in  the  city  of  Brooklyn  for  masonic  purposes.  It  purchased  the  building  on 
the  corner  of  Bedford  avenue  and  Madison  street  which  was  formerly  owned  and  occupied  by  the  Bedford 
Dutch  Reformed  Church  Society.  It  occupies  a  lot  with  a  frontage  of  100  feet  on  Bedford  avenue  and  100 
feet  on  Madison  street,  and  is  now  known  as  the  Aurora  Grata  Cathedral.  The  association  expended  some- 
thing more  than  $20,000  in  alterations  necessary  to  adapt  the  building  to  masonic  purposes,  and  it  is  now 
occupied  by  a  number  of  York  Rite  bodies  and  Kismet  Temple  of  "Shriners"  in  addition  to  the  four 
Scottish  Rite  organizations. 

The  Aurora  Grata  Club,  which  is  probably  the  only  masonic  club  in  the  United  States,  was  organ- 
ized on  May  18,  1887,  and  has  341  members.  Any  Master  Mason  in  good  standing  is  eligible  to  membership 
and  admission  is  secured  without  the  payment  of  any  initiation  fee,  while  the  annual  dues  are  only  $15. 
The  club  occupies  the  building  on  Bedford  avenue  which  was  formerly  the  parsonage  of  the  Bedford 
Dutch  Reformed  Church,  and  which  it  has  recently  enlarged.  It  is  now  20x100  feet  in  its  dimensions  and 
three  stories  in  height.  On  the  ground  floor  there  are  two  regulation  bowling  alleys,  which  are  equipped  in 
the  most  thorough  manner ;  large  parlors,  and  an  audience  hall  with  a  seating  capacity  for  250  persons 
occupy  the  first  floor;  several  card  rooms,  and  a  billiard  room  furnished  with  four  billiard  and  pool  tables 
take  up  the  second  floor ;  and  the  third  floor  is  devoted  to  sleeping  rooms  and  the  ste%vard's  apart- 
ment. All  the  leading  daily  and  weekly  newspapers  and  periodicals  are  to  be  found  in  the  reading  room 
and  a  fair  foundation  for  a  good  library  has  been  established.  Regular  monthly  receptions  for  the  mem- 
bers are  given  during  the  season  and  are  made  enjoyable  by  entertainments  given  under  the  supervision 
of  the  social  committee,  consisting  of  lectures  by  well-known  speakers,  vocal  and  instrumental  music  and 
olios  presented  by  first-class  talent  in  the  various  branches  of  the  art  of  amusing.  An  annual  ladies' 
reception  is  given  in  the  month  of  February. 

Cerneau  Masonry,  which  is  not  recognized  by  the  bodies  heretofore  described,  works  degrees  similar 
in  significance  to  those  of  the  Scottish  Rite  and  in  corresponding  organizations.  It  is  represented  in 
Brooklyn  by  Brooklyn  Lodge  of  Perfection,  No.  24;  Brooklyn  Council,  Princes  of  Jerusalem,  No.  24; 
Brooklyn  Rose  Croix  Chapter,  No.  24 ;  and  Brooklyn  Consistory,  No.  24. 

Chapters  of  the  Eastern  Star  are  organizations  wherein  certain  degrees  recognized  by  regular 
Masons  are  conferred  upon  the  wives  and  daughters  of  members  o'  the  fraternity.  There  are  twelve 
chapters  in  Brooklyn. 

The  Ancient  Arabic  Order  of  Nobles  of  the  Mystic  Shrine  is  the  most  modern  of  all  the  masonic 
organizations,  and  while  not  strictly  included  in  the  fraternity  as  an  organization,  is  thoroughly  masonic  in 
its  character  and  membership.  Masons  of  both  the  York  and  Scottish  Rites  are  eligible  for  membership, 
but  those  of  the  former  must  have  attained  the  degree  of  Knight  Templar  and  those  of  the  latter  must 
be  members  of  the  Consistory.  Kismet  Temple,  which  has  451  members  and  has  its  shrine  in  the  Aurora 
Grata  Cathedral,  was  set  up  in  the  "Oasis  of  Brooklyn  "  by  charter  dated  July  2,  1887. 

The  Brooklvn  Mutual  Relief  Association  is  a  Masonic  aid  organization  which  holds  monthly 
meetings  for  carrying  out  the  purposes  indicated  by  its  name.  The  Masonic  Board  of  Relief  is  an 
organization  of  similar  character  located  in  the  Eastern  District.  The  South  Brooklyn  Masonic  Mutual 
AssuRANf'E  Association  indicates  its  character  in  the  name  adopted.     The  Brooklyn  Masonic  Veteran 


SECRET    ORDERS   AND    SPECIAL    SOCIETIES. 


947 


Association,  which  was  incorporated  in  December,  1888,  is  composed  of  Masons  whose  long  connec- 
tion with  any  branch  of  the  order  constitutes  their  eligibility  ;  it  has  379  members,  and  meets  in  the  Aurora 
Grata  Cathedral. 

William  Sherer,  grand  master  of  the  fraternity  of  Free  and  Accepted  Masons  in  the  state  of  New 
York,  was  born  in  Brandenburg,  Ky.,  in  the  year  1837.  In  1850  he  came  to  Brooklyn,  and  from  1855  until 
1863  he  was  a  clerk  in  the  Metropolitan  Bank,  at  the  end  of  which  service  he  was  appointed  to  a  position 
in  the  United  States  sub-treasury  in  New  York.  He  passed  through  all  the  grades  in  this  department, 
was  appointed  deputy  treasurer  in  1880,  and  in  1884  received  the  appointment  of  cashier.  He  served  the 
government  twenty-f^ve  years  and  resigned  in  1888  to  accept  his  present  position  of  assistant  manager  of  the 
New  York  clearing  house.  He  has  been  identified  with  many  of  the  social,  financial,  and  public  affairs  of 
Brooklyn.  He  was  for  ten  years  a  member  of  the  volunteer  fire  department,  three  years  a  director  of  the 
Brooklyn  Library,  and  five  years  the  grand  commander  of  the  American  Legion  of  Honor.  He  first  became 
connected  with  the  masonic  fraternity  in  1868.  He  was  master  of  Anglo-Saxon  Lodge  five  years,  district 
deputy  grand  master  for  the  third  masonic  district  one  year,  and  commissioner  of  appeals  eight  years;  for 
two  years  he  was  the  chief  presiding  officer  of  the  New  York  Grand  Chapter  of  Royal  Arch  Masons, 
and  on  St.  John's  day,  1891,  was  elected  grand  master  of  Masons  in  the  state  of  New  York,  the  second 
largest  masonic  jurisdiction  in  the  world,  numbering  within  its  boundaries  100,000  Masons.  He  has 
himself  taken  all  the  degrees  of  masonry,  being  one  of 
the  few  who  have  attained  to  the  33d  degree  in  the 

Scottish    Rite.      He   is  a  member  of   the    New  York        ,-  -  ■ 

Chamber  of  Commerce,  and  a  trustee  of  the  Metro-        ; 
politan  Savings  Bank.     He  is  a  popular  member  of  the 
Union  League  Club. 

Wayland  Trask  is  a  member  of  the  masonic 
fraternity  whose  devotion  to  the  principles  of  the 
order  and  whose  unselfish  interest  in  all  things  that 
contribute  to  its  prosperity,  earn  for  him  an  ample 
title  to  the  honors  which  have  been  conferred  upon 
him  in  one  and  another  of  the  various  bodies,  which 
hold  in  their  care  the  sacred  mysteries  of  temple,  crypt, 
and  shrine.  He  is  an  earnest,  active  business  man, 
whose  quick  mind  and  propulsive  energy  will  not  per- 
mit him  to  be  half-hearted  in  his  relations  to  anything 
that  he  deems  worthy  of  his  attention.  In  recognition 
of  his  eminent  services  to  the  craft,  he  received  an  honor 
rarely  conferred  when  the  supreme  council  for  the 
northern  jurisdiction,  U.S.  A.,  in  session  at  Chicago  on 
September  16,  1886,  nominated,  elected,  and  crowned 
him  as  a  sovereign  grand  inspector  general  (33°),  all 
on  the  one  day.  It  is  usual  in  conferring  this,  the 
highest  degree  in  masonry,  to  oblige  the  candidate  to 
undergo  a  year's  probation  after  he  has  been  nomi- 
nated and  elected,  and  then  to  pass  through  the  cere- 
monies incidental  to  initiation.  His  record  as  a  Mason 
began  with  his  initiation  in  Montauk  Lodge,  Brooklyn,  wayland  trask. 

where  he  was  raised  to  the  degree  of  Master  Mason  on  November  16,  1881.  Demitting  to  Independent 
Royal  Arch  Lodge,  New  York,  on  December  20,  1883,  he  was  elected  master  of  that  lodge  in  18S5,  and  was 
reelected  the  ne.xt  year,  having  previously  held  the  office  of  junior  warden.  He  became  a  Royal  Arch 
Mason  in  Constellation  Chapter,  Brooklyn,  and  a  Knight  Templar  in  Clinton  Commandery.  In  the  Com- 
mandery  he  was  elected  junior  warden  in  April,  1884;  captain  general  in  April,  1885  ;  generalissimo  in  1886, 
and  eminent  commander  in  1887.  In  1885  he  organized  the  drill  corps  of  Clinton  Commandery  and  com- 
manded it  for  four  years,  during  which  time  it  won  fame  by  the  beauty  of  its  emblematic  formations  and  the 
promptness  and  accuracy  of  its  evolutions.  He  was  made  a  Knight  of  Malta  on  January  30,  1885,  and  a 
Noble  of  the  Mystic  Shrine  in  Mecca  Temple,  New  York,  on  November  Tp,  1883.  In  the  same  year  he  be- 
came interested  in  Scottish  Rite  masonry,  and  took  the  various  degrees  up  to  the  eighteenth  in  the  three 
Aurora  Grata  bodies  which  then  were  working  in  the  "  Valley  of  Brooklyn."  He  was  made  sublime  prince 
of  the  royal  secret  (32°)  in  the  Consistory  of  the  city  of  New  York  on  April  15,  1884.  When  he  became  a 
member  of  Aurora  Grata  Lodge  of  Perfection,  it  was  in  a  languishing  condition,  and  two  years  later  it 
became  decidedly  moribund,  but  a  few  zealous  members  resolved  to  save  it,  if  possible,  and  with  that  object 


g_^S  THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 

in  view  prevailed  upon  him  to  accept  the  office  of  master.  He  accepted,  and  his  labors  were  so  effective 
that,  with  the  cooperation  of  other  equally  earnest  brethren,  he  was  able  to  save  to  the  city  an  organization 
which  now  has  a  membership  of  between  six  and  seven  hundred.  In  i88S,  with  other  brethren  of  the  32°,  he 
decided  that  Brooklyn's  masonic  population  was  sufficiently  large  to  justify  the  existence  of  a  consistory  and 
a  dispensation  was  issued  on  October  9,  naming  him  as  commander.  Aurora  Grata  Consistory  was  organized, 
receiving  its  charter  on  September  19,  18S9.  Previous  to  this  Mr.  Trask  had  organized  Kismet  Temple, 
Order  of  Xobles  of  the  Mystic  Shnne,  under  a  dispensation  issued  by  the  Imperial  Council  on  July  2,  1887, 
and  it  was  chartered  on  June  25,  1888  ;  he  has  been  the  chief  officer  in  the  Temple  since  its  foundation.  He 
was  one  of  the  most  active  spirits  in  the  organization  of  the  Aurora  Grata  Association  and  the  Aurora 
Grata  Club.  In  all  these  things  he  has  had  the  hearty  cooperation  of  his  brethren,  who  have  reposed  implicit 
confidence  in  his  ability  and  determination  to  carry  to  a  conclusion  any  undertaking  in  which  he  engages. 
He  is  well  read  in  the  lore  of  masonry,  and  is  thoroughly  versed  in  its  ritual,  a  craftsman  whose  work  is 
true,  a  master  whose  plans  upon  the  trestle  board  are  wisely  drawn,  and  a  knight  sans  peur  et  sans  reproche. 
In  September,  18S7,  he  was  initiated  into  the  Royal  Order  of  Scotland.  Besides  his  membership  in  masonic 
organizations  he  is  a  member  of  the  Oxford,  Montauk,  Hanover  and  Germania  clubs,  of  Brooklyn,  the  Olym- 
pic Club,  of  Bay  Shore,  L.  I.,  and  the  Adirondack  League  Club.  He  is  a  banker  and  stock-broker  in  New 
York,  and  lives  at  214  Adelphi  street,  Brooklyn.  He  was  born  in  Hartford,  Conn.,  on  March  5,  1844,  and 
was  graduated  with  honors  from  the  Hartford  high  school  when  he  was  seventeen  years  old.  From  1861 
until  1S65  he  was  employed  in  the  departments  of  the  quartermaster  and  the  adjutant-general  of  Connecti- 
cut, and  in  1S65  he  came  to  New  York  to  engage  in  the  banking  business.  He  has  been  in  business  in  Wall 
street  since  the  time  when  he  came  to  New  York,  and  has  been  a  member  of  the  Stock  Exchange  since  1869. 
In  1874  he  was  admitted  to  membership  in  the  firm  of  k.  M.  Kidder  &  Co.,  from  which  he  retired  in  1887, 
and  formed  the  firm  of  Wayland  Trask  &  Co.  He  is  a  man  of  sanguine  temperament,  quick  to  think  and  act, 
and  somewhat  abrupt  in  his  manner,  but  not  at  all  discourteous  ;  he  is  approachable  and  accommodating, 
and  in  his  business  is  shrewd  and  honest.  In  financial  circles  he  is  regarded  with  thorough  confidence,  and 
he  commands  the  good  will  of  all  with  whom  he  has  dealings. 

The  masonic  record  of  Ai.oxzo  Brv.mer  has  been  one  of  exceptional  brilliancy.  He  was  initiated  in 
Greenpoint  Lodge  in  1S71,  served  as  senior  deacon  in  1872  and  was  elected  junior  warden  during  the 
succeeding  year;  he  was  installed  as  master  for  the  first  time  in  December,  1874,  and  was  reelected  at  the 
expiration  of  his  first  year.  In  1S78  he  was  appointed  district  deputy  grand  master,  and  continued  in  office 
throughout  1S79.  On  June  12,  1872,  he  was  made  a  Royal  Arch  Mason  in  Altair  Chapter,  and  in  1879  he 
presided  as  high  priest.     Throughout  1879  and  1880  he  was  commander  of  St.  Elmo  Commandery,  Knights 

Templars,  to  which  he  had  been  admitted  on  April  15,  1874.  He  affiliated 
with  several  of  the  Scottish  Rite  organizations  in  1880  and  became  an 
active  member  of  the  Aurora  Grata  bodies  and  the  New  York  Consistory. 
When  the  Aurora  Grata  Consistory  of  Brooklyn  was  organized  he  be- 
came a  member.  He  is  a  charter  member  of  Kismet  Temple,  Nobles  of 
the  Mystic  Shrine,  and  its  present  illustrious  grand  potentate.  Having 
been  a  Mason  for  twenty-one  years,  he  is  classed  among  the  veterans,  but 
his  well-earned  honors  have  not  caused  a  relaxation  of  effort,  and  he  is  as 
much  interested  in  the  work  of  the  brotherhood  to-day  as  when  first  he 
passed  before  the  sacred  altars.  He  is  the  possessor  of  many  valuable 
tributes  from  his  brothers  in  the  craft.  He  wears  a  past  master's  jewel 
which  was  presented  by  Greenpoint  Lodge,  403,  F.  &  A.  M.;  a  command- 
ery jewel  given  by  the  Knights  of  St.  Elmo  Commandery,  57;  a  district 
deputy  grand  master's  jewel,  the  gift  of  his  associates  in  the  second 
masonic  district;  an  engraved  jewel  of  the  32°,  Scottish  Rite,  and  a 
handsome  set  of  tiger  claws  mounted  in  gold  and  suspended  from  a 
A,n...^n  Ho^.,^„  scimitar.     This  last  gift  came  from  friends  in  the  third  masonic  district. 

On  December  i,  1892,  he  was  tendered  a  public  dinner  at  the  Hotel 
St.  George,  on  which  occasion  a  beautiful  gold  watch  chain  with  32°  jewel  attached  was  presented  to 
him  by  his  friends.  More  than  400  representative  citizens  were  present.  He  was  born  in  Brooklyn 
on  May  27,  1844;  his  father  was  a  native  of  Scotland  and  his  mother  was  of  Irish  descent.  He  was 
educated  in  New  York.  When  the  civil  war  began  he  enlisted  in  the  12th  New  York  Volunteers 
and  served  in  the  campaigns  of  McClellan,  Burnside,  Meade,  and  Hooker;  he  was  wounded  at 
Antietam  and  again  at  Hanover  Court  House.  The  latter  of  these  casualties  overtook  him  on  his  eight- 
eenth birthday.  When  he  was  rendered  supernumerary  non-commissioned  officer,  and  was  mustered  out 
of  the  service,  he  at  once  enlisted  in  the  navy  and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war  on  board  the 
U.  S.  Steamship  "Augusta."     When  discharged  he  entered   the   employ  of  Carhart  &  Needham,  organ 


SECRET    ORDERS    AND    SPECIAL    SOCIETIES. 


949 


builders.  He  eventually  established  himself  in  Brooklyn  and  opened  music  warerooms  on  his  own  account. 
In  1882  he  took  up  the  insurance  business.  Five  years  later  Clark  D.  Rhinehart  was  elected  to  the  shriev- 
alty, and  Mr.  Brymer  received  an  appointment  under  him  as  the  warden  of  the  county  jail,  and  so  clear  was 
his  record  and  so  conscientiously  had  his  services  been  performed,  that  when  the  Republican  county 
convention  assembled  in  the  autumn  of  1890  his  name  was  mentioned  among  the  available  candidates  for 
the  shrievalty.  When  his  term  of  office  expired  he  returned  to  the  insurance  business  in  Brooklyn.  He  is 
an  ex-officer  of  the  National  Guard;  on  January  7,  1878,  he  was  commissioned  by  Governor  Lucius  Robinson 
to  a  captaincy  in  Company  I,  47th  Regiment,  which  he  held  for  several  years,  resigning  at  last  on  account 
of  business  affairs. 

William  Matthews,  who  has  lived  in  Brooklyn  since  1844,  has  been  for  many  years  a  faithful  member 
of  the  masonic  fraternity.     He  was  made  a  Master  Mason  in  Montauk  Lodge  on  January  10,  1854,  and  was 

an  esteemed  member  of  that  lodge  until  1861,  when, 

with  nine  others,  he  founded  Kings  County  Lodge,  of 

':  which  he  was  the  first  master.     To  this  office  he  was 

recalled  repeatedly,  and  in  that  position,  which  he  held 
fourteen  years,  as  well  as  during  the  entire  period  of 
his  connection  with  Freemasonry,  he  was  not  only  an 
able  worker  in  fitting  together  the  living  stones  of 
the  great  temple,  but  exercised  continually  that 
spirit  from  which  is  woven  the  fabric  of  brotherly  love. 
In  the  Episcopal  Church,  wherein  he  is  a  communi- 
cant, he  has  been  an  equally  earnest  laborer,  both 
in  parochial  affairs  and  in  the  general  work  of  the 
denomination.  For  more  than  twenty-five  years  he 
has  been  a  member  of  the  board  of  managers  of  the 
Church  Charity  Foundation  of  Long  Island,  of  which 
organization  he  is  the  present  treasurer.  As  a  member 
of  St.  Paul's  Church,  at  Flatbush,  he  was  a  vestry- 
man twenty-five  years  and  senior  warden  for  twenty 
years.  At  the  present  time  he  is  a  member  of  Grace 
Church  on  the  Heights.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Hamilton  Club,  the  Midwood  Club,  of  Flatbush,  and 
the  Grolier  Club,  of  New  York.  He  is  a  director  of 
the  Flatbush  water  works.  He  retired  from  active 
business  in  1890,  having  made  for  himself  an  extended 
and  enviable  reputation  in  his  chosen  vocation  of  a 
book-binder,  in  which  he  took  both  a  business  and  an 

artistic  interest ;  he  aimed  to  promote  the  trade  to  a 

WILLI.4M  Matthews.  u-    u      1  ^i.         ^   u       j-        rt       r    \  •  1 

I  high  place  among  the  art  handicrafts  of  America,  and 

in  this  he  was  eminently  successful.  Among  the  wealthy  and  cultured  book-lovers  of  America  he  is  looked 
to  as  a  high  authority.  He  is  a  director  of  the  Appleton  Manufacturing  Company,  with  which  he  became 
connected  in  1854.  His  apprenticeship  to  the  trade  of  book-binding  was  served  in  London,  England.  He 
became  very  expert  and  in  December,  1843,  came  to  New  York,  where  his  excellent  workmanship  secured 
for  him  good  employment  until  he  began  business  for  himself  in  January,  1846.  At  the  New  York  exhibi- 
tion of  1854  he  had  a  magnificent  exhibit  and  was  awarded  the  highest  prize — a  silver  medal.  This  brought 
him  so  prominently  before  the  public  that  his  business  increased  rapidly,  and  in  a  short  time  he  was  engaged 
by  D.  Appleton  &  Co.,  who  almost  monopolized  his  services  during  the  remainder  of  his  active  career. 
During  the  thirty-six  years  that  he  was  in  business  he  was  always  ready  to  extend  a  welcome  to  a  good 
workman  from  the  old  country  and  to  employ  him  if  possible.  The  establishment  of  Mr.  Matthews  in 
business  on  his  own  account  and  his  subsequent  engagement  by  the  Appletons  may  be  regarded  as  the 
inauguration  of  a  new  era  in  book-binding  in  America,  where  fine  bindings  are  now  to  be  found  on  all  sides. 
During  his  connection  with  the  Appletons  some  of  the  finest  work  that  has  ever  been  seen  in  this  country 
was  turned  out  under  his  direction,  and  "a  fine  binding  by  Matthews"  is  a  coveted  possession  by  the 
bibliophile.  Mr.  Matthews  was  born  in  Aberdeen,  Scotland,  on  March  29,  1822.  He  was  left  fatherless 
when  nine  months  old,  and  at  the  age  of  seven  years  was  sent  to  London,  where  he  received  his  educa- 
tion and  learned  his  trade.  In  May,  1845,  he  married  Miss  Julia  Marie  in  Brooklyn.  His  home  is  at  19 
Pierrepont  street. 

RuFUS  T.  Griggs,  past  district  deputy  grand  master  for  the  third  masonic  district,  has  been  an  earnest 
worker  in  the  mysteries  of  the  ancient  fraternity  ever  since  he  was  made  a  INIaster  Mason  in  Altair  Lodge 


95° 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


RUFUS  T.  Gkiggs. 


in  the  early  part  of  1872.  From  tlie  first  year  of  his 
membership  he  held  office  in  the  lodge  and  was  elected 
master  in  18S1.  For  two  years  he  presided  over  the 
affairs  of  the  lodge  with  careful  attention  to  every 
detail  of  its  affairs  and  with  a  dignity  that  never  failed 
to  deepen  the  significance  of  the  beautiful  ritual  of 
the  order.  In  1883  he  was  appointed  district  deputy 
grand  master  for  the  third  masonic  district  and  in  that 
capacity  he  displayed  a  zeal  that  made  his  term  of 
service  a  profitable  and  well  appreciated  one.  In  capit- 
ular masonry  he  has  displayed  the  same  energy  as 
in  the  blue  lodge  ;  he  was  exalted  as  a  Royal  Arch 
Mason  in  Constellation  Chapter,  and  after  holding 
various  subordinate  offices,  presided  over  the  chapter 
as  most  eminent  high  priest.  When  the  IMontauk 
Club  was  projected  he  was  one  of  the  charter  mem- 
bers of  that  club  and  has  done  as  much  as  any  one 
member  to  make  the  organization  what  it  is.  As  a 
member  of  the  building  committee  he  worked  day  and 
night  and  was  determined  that,  so  far  as  he  could  assist, 
the  Montauk  should  be  one  of  the  finest  clubs  in  the 
state.  He  is  a  lawyer  and  his  practice  is  connected 
largely  with  real  estate  law.  Levana,  Cayuga  County, 
N.  Y.,  is  his  native  place  and  he  was  born  on  July  29, 
1845  ;  he  pursued  his  preparatory  studies  at  Auburn 
Academy,    and    Cayuga    Lake    Academy,    at    Aurora, 

N.  Y.,  and  was  graduated  at  Hamilton  College  in  the  class  of  1S69.     He  is  a  member  of  Psi  Upsilon  and 

Phi  Beta  Kappa.     After  his  graduation  he  taught  in  the  Polytechnic  Institute  of  Brooklyn  one  year  and  at 

the  same  time  read  law  with  Judge  Lucien  Birdseye  in  New  York.     In  187 1  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and 

in  1875  he  formed  a  partnership  with  Isaac  S.  Signer,  who  was  one  of  his  fellow  students  at  college  and  is 

now  county  judge  and  surrogate  of  Orleans  County  ;  this  partnership  was  dissolved  in  1878  and  since  then 

Mr.  Griggs  has  been  engaged  independently  in  practice  and  has  acquired  a  large  and  profitable  business. 

He   married  Miss  Henrietta   Bange,  of  Brooklj'n,  for- 
merly of  Poughkeepsie,  on  November  24,  1874,  and  his  ;.*- 

home  is  at  65  Eighth  avenue.     He  was  formerly  iden- 
tified with    the    Middle    Reformed    Church  of   South 

Brooklyn  and  was  active  in  its  Sunday-school  work  ; 

at  the  present  time  he  is  connected  with  the  Seventh 

Avenue    Memorial    Presbyterian    Church.     He    is    an 

enthusiastic  and  successful  fisherman. 

Among  the  veteran  Freemasons  of  Brooklyn  who 

have  traced  out  the  many  windings  of  the  "  mystic 

tie,"  through  both  the  York  and  the  Scottish  rites,  and 

into  the  Oriental  rest  of  the  Mystic  Shrine,  is  William 

E.  Potter,  who  first  saw  the  light  which  illuminates 

this  world-wide  order  in  Concord  Lodge,  wherein  he 

was  made  a  Master  Mason  on  March   11,  1865.     He 

satisfied  himself  with  the  teachings  of  the  blue  lodge 

for  about  two  years,  when  he  investigated  further  the 

mysteries  of  the  craft  by  procuring  initiation  into  the 

capitular  degrees  in  Brooklyn  Royal  Arch  Chapter,  of 

which  he  became  a  member  on  May  20,  1867.     Three 

years  later  he  sought  the  knightly  orders  in  Clinton 

Commandery  and  was  created  a  Knight  Templar  in 

that  body  on  November  15,  1870.     His  interest  in  the 

Ancient    Accepted    Scottish    Rite    began    in  January, 

1886,  when  he  attained  the  fourteenth  degree  in  Aurora 

Grata  Lodge  of  Perfection,  going  at  once  through  the 

two  succeeding  degrees  in  Aurora  Grata  Council  and  William  e.  potter. 


SECRET    ORDERS    AND    SPECIAL    SOCIETIES. 


951 


through  the  next  two  degrees  in  Aurora  Grata  Chapter,  and  reaching  the  thirty-second  degree  in  the  New 
York  Consistory  on  April  12  in  the  same  year.  He  was  admitted  to  the  Ancient  Arabic  Order  of  Nobles 
of  the  Mystic  Shrine  in  Mecca  Temple,  New  York,  on  November  29,  1886.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
Veterans'  Association.  He  was  born  in  London,  England,  on  July  u,  1843,  and  came  to  Brooklyn  in  April, 
1849.  He  is  in  the  flour  trade,  and  in  connection  with  that  trade  holds  membership  in  the  New  York  Prod- 
uce Exchange.  Other  organizations  of  which  he  is  a  member  are  the  Montauk  Club,  the  Prospect  Bowling 
Club,  the  American  Provident  Union,  the  Thirteen  Club,  and  the  Fifth  Avenue  Building  and  Loan  Associa- 
tion. On  February  9,  1864,  he  married  Miss  Louisa  Irvine,  of  Paterson,  N.  J.,  who  died  in  March,  1879; 
he  contracted  a  second  marriage  on  November  9,  i88t,  his  bride  being  Miss  Charlotte  Danielson,' whom 
he  married  in  Hudson  County,  N.  J. 

Paul  Weidman,  Sr.,  of  Schiller  Lodge,  has  been  a  past  master  in  the  brotherhood  since  1875  and  is  a 
32°  Mason  ;  he  is  a  member  of  De  Witt  Clinton  Chapter  and  Commandery.     He  is  also  an  Odd  Fellow,  hav- 


Paul  Weidman,  Sr. 


mg  been  a  member  of  Harmonia  Lodge  thirty-four  years.  His  name  has  been  associated  with  various 
enterprises,  the  more  important  of  which  are  connected  with  the  Eastern  District.  He  began  business  in 
Williamsburgh  in  1859,  and  began  a  cooperage  which  he  built  up  steadily  until  1889  when  he  disposed  of  his 
interests  to  the  Brooklyn  Cooperage  Company.  He  then  built,  on  the  corner  of  North  First  and  Berry 
streets,  the  large  brewery  which  is  at  present  under  his  control.  When  this  enterprise  was  fairly  established 
and  its  prosperity  assured,  he  opened  a  large  cooperage  place  on  Wythe  avenue  and  North  Eleventh  and 
North  Twelfth  streets,  which  is  now  under  the  management  of  his  son,  Louis;  while  his  eldest  son,  Paul,  is  the 
executive  head  of  the  brewery.  In  addition  to  these  Brooklyn  investments  he  owns  four  large  (umber  and 
flour  mills  in  Ohio  and  another  mill  devoted  to  the  production  of  staves,  hoops,  etc.,  which  is  situated  on 
the  St.  Clair  branch  of  the  Canada  Southern  Railway  and  around  which,  as  a  centre,  there  has  grown  up  a 
small  town  named  after  him.  He  was  born  in  Neiderauerbach,  Bavaria,  on  May  15,  1830.  He  came  to 
America  in  1852  and  after  working  in  New  York  and  Ohio  alternately  as  cooper  and  brewer  he  finally 
settled  in  Brooklyn.  He  has  taken  a  deep  though  unostentatious  interest  in  various  public  charities  and 
has  been  prominent  in  social  and  financial  circles.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Merchants'  Club  and  a  director 


952 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


Jerome  E.  Morse. 


in  the  Germania  Savings  Bank  and  the  North  Side  Bank.      He  was  among  the  organizers  of  the  Arion  and 
the  ZoeUner  IMaennerchor  Singing  Societies.     His  home  is  at  73  South  Ninth  street. 

Jerome  Edw.^rd  Morse  has  won  an  honored  place  in  the  masonic  fraternity  by  his  devotion  to  the 
principles  of  the  order  and  his  activity  in  promoting  its  interests;  he  has  been  especially  active  in  securing 
the  erection  of  the  Masonic  Home  at  Utica,  N.  Y.,  giving  earnest  and  constant  attention  to  the  selection 
of  plans  and  the  work  of  construction.  In  June,  1890,  he  was  elected 
by  the  Grand  Lodge  of  New  York  as  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  Masonic 
Hall  and  .A.sylum  Fund  and  in  1891  he  was  reelected;  he  was  chosen  as 
president  of  the  board  of  trustees  in  June,  1892.  He  became  a  member 
of  Anglo  Saxon  Lodge  on  May  21,  1883,  and  served  one  year  in  each  of 
the  several  offices  of  senior  deacon,  junior  warden,  and  senior  warden; 
afterwards  he  was  master  of  the  lodge  for  two  years.  He  is  a  compan- 
ion in  Constellation  Royal  Arch  Chapter  and  was  eminent  king  in  that 
body  for  one  year,  but  declined  farther  advancement ;  in  Clinton  Com- 
mandery,  Knights  Templars,  he  served  for  one  year  as  captain-general, 
but  was  unwilling  to  continue  in  office  and  accept  either  of  the  two 
higher  positions.  He  was  born  in  Leominster,  Mass.,  on  February  23, 
1846,  and  was  educated  at  the  Leominster  high  school,  and  at  the  age  of 
si.xteen  was  appointed  by  President  Lincoln  to  be  a  midshipman  at  the 
United  States  naval  academy  at  Annapolis,  Md.,  where  he  was  gradu- 
ated in  i866,  having  spent  some  time  in  active  service  along  the  Atlantic 
coast.  He  rose  through  the  several  grades  of  ensign,  master,  and 
lieutenant;  he  served  on  the  United  States  sloop-of-war  "Pawnee," 
the  United  States  frigate  "Guerriere,"  and  the  gun-boat  "Wasp."  While  on  the  West  India  station  he  was 
in  command  for  some  time  of  the  monitor  "  Manhattan,"  and  was  afterwards  attached  to  the  United  States 
receiving  ship  "Vermont  "  at  the  Brooklyn  Navy  Yard  and  to  the  corvette  "  Omaha,"  which  formed  a  part  of 
the  Pacific  squadron.  In  1875,  after  ten  years  of  active  service,  he  was  placed  upon  the  retired  list  with  the 
rank  of  lieutenant,  in  consequence  of  defective  eyesight.  Subsequently  utilizing  tiie  knowledge  of  explo- 
sives acquired  in  the  government  service,  he  began  the  manufacture  of  dynamite,  which  he  has  since 
continued  successfully.  Having  been  instrumental  in  organizing  the  Hecla  Powder  Company  with  a  capital 
of  $200,000,  he  has  held  in  relation  to  that  corporation  the  positions  of  vice-president,  treasurer,  and 
general  manager.  When  the  Morse  Society  was  organized  in  1892  he  was  elected  its  president  and  has 
since  evinced  a  deep  interest  in  collecting  genealogical  and  historical  data  relating  to  the  family.  He 
married  Miss  Ella  Packard,  daughter  of  Rawson  Packard,  who  for  many  vears  was  connected  with  the 
American  Bank  Note  Company. 

Warren  Higley,  who  is  identified  with  Freemasonry  in  Brooklyn  as  a  member  of  .\urora  Grata  Con- 
sistory and  the  Aurora  Grata  Club,  has  made  an  enviable  reputation  as  an  educator  and  jurist  and  has 
especially  distinguished  himself  in  connection  with  the  subject  of  forestrv,  to  which  he  has  given  a  great 
deal  of  careful  study  and  in  the  interest  of  which  he  has  been  a  judicious  and  indefatigable  worker.  Until 
recently  he  was  a  resident  of  Brooklyn,  but  at  the  present  time  his  home  is  in  New  York.  He  was  born  on 
his  father's  farm,  near  Auburn,  N.  Y.  His  summers  were  taken  up  with  agricultural  labor  and  his  scant 
schooling  was  obtained  during  the  winter  months.  There  was  a  good  district  library  at  his  command  and 
this  enabled  him  to  gratify  his  love  of  books.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  years  he  was  qualified  to  teach 
others  and  began  a  pedagogic  career  at  Aurelius,  a  place  three  miles  from  Auburn.  He  was  graduated  at 
Hamilton  College  in  1862.  While  at  college  and  after  graduation  he  was  engaged  in  educational  work  with 
much  success,  and  in  1873  began  to  study  law  in  Cincinnati,  where  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1874.  He  was 
as  successful  in  his  new  profession  as  in  teaching  and  was  nominated  and  elected  by  the  Republicans  of 
Cincinnati  in  1881  as  their  candidate  for  the  office  of  judge  of  the  city  court.  In  that  position  he  won  the 
respect  of  all  classes  by  the  justice  and  legal  correctness  of  his  decisions.  He  removed  from  Cincinnati  to 
New  York  in  1S84  and  in  the  years  since  then  he  has  made  for  himself  an  honorable  place  among  the  mem- 
bers of  the  legal  fraternity,  The  love  of  nature  which  he  imbibed  in  his  youth  has  manifested  itself  in  his 
public  life  and  made  him  instrumental  in  establishing  Arbor  Day  in  Ohio.  He  was  very  active  in  promot- 
ing the  organization  of  the  American  Forestry  Congress  and  he  has  been  twice  president  of  that  body.  He 
was  the  founder  of  the  Ohio  State  Forestry  Association  and  was  the  principal  organizer  of  the  New  York 
State  Forestry  Association  ;  and  he  was  among  the  first  to  suggest  and  urge  the  creation  of  the  Adiron- 
dack State  Park.  In  addition  to  his  membership  in  the  associations  already  named  he  is  a  member  of  the 
Ohio  Society  of  New  York,  the  Alpha  Delta  Phi,  the  Adirondack  League  Club,  the  Patria,  and  the  Goethe 
club,  and  the  American  Institute  of  Civics. 

Walter  Coutant  Humstone,  who  is  a  member  of  all  the  Aurora  Grata  bodies,  including  the  Aurora 


SECRET    ORDERS   AND    SPECIAL   SOCIETIES.  953 

Grata  Club,  was  made  a  Mason  in  Anglo  Saxon  Lodge  in  1874  and  is  a  past  master  of  that  lodge  ;  he  is  a 
companion  in  Constellation  Chapter  of  Royal  Arch  Masons  and  is  a  member  of  Clinton  Commandery,  Knights 
Templars,  and  of  Kismet  Temple,  Nobles  of  the  Mystic  Shrine.  Outside  of  Freemasonry  he  is  a  member 
of  the  Lincoln  Club.  He  holds  the  responsible  position  of  superintendent  of  the  Western  Union  Telegraph 
Company.  The  duties  of  this  position,  to  which  he  was  appointed  in  1879,  are  discharged  with  fidelity  and  a 
constant  watchfulness  for  possibilities  of  improving  the  service.  In  addition  to  his  relation  with  the  Western 
Union  he  holds  the  vice-presidency  of  the  Troy  Telephone  Company  and  has  been  for  a  number  of  years  presi- 
dent of  the  Brooklyn  District  Telegraph  Company;  he  is  also  a  director  in  several  other  companies.  He  was 
born  at  Esopus,  Ulster  County,  N.  Y.,  on  June  i,  1849,  and  after  attending  the  public  school  in  Poughkeepsie 
for  several  years  became  a  messenger  in  the  Poughkeepsie  telegraph  office  in  1862.  Before  he  was  fifteen 
years  old  he  had  become  a  proficient  operator  and  was  given  night  duty  in  that  capacity  in  the  office  where 
he  had  been  acting  as  messenger.  Three  years  later  he  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  Hudson  River  Rail- 
road Company's  telegraph  office  at  Thirtieth  street.  New  York,  and  in  1869  he  was  appointed  manager 
of  the  Western  Union  office  in  Brooklyn.  During  the  ne.\t  year  he  accepted  an  appointment  from  the 
Atlantic  and  Pacific  Telegraph  Company  as  superintendent  of  the  district  of  the  state  of  New  York  and 
afterwards  became  manager  of  all  that  company's  lines  west  of  Buffalo,  with  headquarters  in  Chicago ; 
this  position  he  held  for  four  years  and  then  accepted  the  position  he  now  holds  in  the  Western  Union. 
In  1872  he  married  Miss  Mary  Millard,  of  Pittsfield,  Mass.,  and  their  home  is  at  213  Hancock  street. 

Charles  Tappex  Dunwell  is  a  member  of  the  masonic  fraternity  and  has  made  far-reaching  explora- 
tions of  the  mysteries  which  for  centuries  the  brethren  of  the  order  have  guarded  with  jealous  care  and 
which  they  reveal  to  none  but  those  they  deem  worthy.  He  has  taken  the 
higher  degrees  in  both  the  York  and  Scottish  rites,  and  is  a  member  of 
the  Aurora  Grata  bodies  in  Brooklyn,  including  Aurora  Grata  Chapter  of 
Rose  Croix,  in  which  he  holds  the  office  of  most  worshipful  and  potential 
master,  Aurora  Grata  Consistory  and  the  Aurora  Grata  Club ;  he  is  also  a 
member  of  Kismet  Temple,  Nobles  of  the  Mystic  Shrine.  He  is  first 
lieutenant  commander  of  the  New  York  Council  of  Deliberation,  a  Scottish 
Rite  organization,  and  as  a  Mason  of  the  York  Rite  he  is  a  past  master  of 
Ancient  Lodge  and  a  member  of  Adelphic  Chapter,  R.  A.  M.,  and  Palestine 
Commandery,  K.  T.,  all  of  New  York  city.  His  social  affiliations  outside 
of  Freemasonry  are  with  the  Union  League  Club,  of  Brooklyn,  and  the 
Thirteen  Club,  of  New  York.  He  has  been  a  resident  of  Brooklyn  since 
187 1,  and  has  been  active  in  local  affairs,  although  his  business  interests 
are  in  New  York  city,  where  for  some  time  he  was  a  successful  practising 
lawyer,  and  where  he  now  holds  the  position  of  general  agent  of  the 
New  York  Life  Insurance  Company.  He  is  prominent  in  all  move- 
ments in  Brooklyn  that  are  in  the  interest  of  the  Republican  party,  and 
,         ,  1,11  1       r   ^1  i    i  -■  c  4.1     •-  Charles  Tappen  Dunwell. 

has  been  elected  a  delegate  to  several  of  the  state  conventions  ot  that 

party ;  at  one  time  he  was  chairman  of  the  advisory  committee  of  the  Young  Republican  Club,  of 
Brooklyn  ;  he  was  the  nominee  of  his  party  for  the  office  of  comptroller  in  1890  ;  and  in  1891  was 
a  member  of  the  Republican  state  convention.  He  was  born  in  Newark,  Wayne  County,  N.  Y.,on  February 
13,  1852.  His  early  education  was  obtained  at  the  Lyons  Union  School  and  Academy,  and  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  class  of  1873  at  Cornell  University.  Graduating  at  the  Columbia  Law  School  in  1874,  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  the  same  year,  beginning  practice  at  once  in  New  York  and  devoting  himself  so  closely 
to  his  profession  that  he  soon  had  an  excellent  standing  among  his  legal  brethren.  He  married,  in  1880, 
Miss  Emma  B.  Williams,  of  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  and  they  live  at  188  Tompkins  avenue. 

John  W.  Richardson,  past  district  deputy  grand  master  for  the  third  masonic  district,  has  served  in  vari- 
ous stations  in  the  organizations  with  which  he  is  affiliated  in  both  the  York  and  the  Scottish  rites  and  in  the 
temple  of  the  Mystic  Shrine;  he  has  received  the  sf  in  the  Scottish  Rite  and  is  a  permanent  member  of 
the  Grand  Lodge,  F.  &  A.  M.,  of  the  state  of  New  York,  and  at  the  present  time  he  is  a  trustee  of  Altair 
Lodge,  F.  &  A.  M.,  minister  of  state  in  Aurora  Grata  Consistory  and  high  priest  and  prophet  in  Kismet 
Temple,  Ancient  Arabic  Order  of  Nobles  of  the  Mystic  Shrine.  He  was  made  a  Mason  in  Altair  Lodge  in 
March,  1866,  when  that  lodge  was  working  under  dispensation  from  the  Grand  Lodge,  not  having  yet 
received  its  charter,  and  he  is  therefore  one  of  the  oldest  members  ;  he  was  exalted  to  companionship  in 
Royal  Arch  Masonry  in  Constellation  Chapter  and  took  the  chivalric  orders  in  Clinton  Commandery, 
Knights  Templars  ;  and  having  "  crossed  the  burning  sands  "  in  Mecca  Temple,  New  York,  he  was  one  of 
the  Nobles  of  the  Mystic  Shrine  who  left  that  body  to  find  a  new  oasis  in  Brooklyn,  where  they  erected 
Kismet  Temple.  After  filling  various  offices  in  Altair  Lodge,  he  was  elected  as  worshipful  master  for  the 
year  1876  and  was  reelected  for  the  year  1879.     In  1882  he  was  appointed  district  deputy  grand  master  for 


THE    EAGLE   AND    BROOKLYN. 

954 

the  third  masonic  district.  In  the  Royal  Arch  Chapter  he  was  as  diligent  as  in  the  blue  lodge,  and  for  five 
years  he  performed  the  arduous  duties  pertaining  to  the  office  of  principal  sojourner,  afterward  serving  the 
chapter  in  the  offices  of  master  of  the  third  veil,  captain  of  the  host,  and  eminent  king,  and  for  two  years 
he  presided  over  it  as  most  eminent  high  priest.  At  one  time  he  was  deputy  master  of  Aurora  Grata 
Lodo-e  of  Perfection  ;  and  besides  being  a  member  of  all  the  bodies  here  mentioned  he  is  a  member  of  the 
Aurora  Grata  Club.  He  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  on  January  15,  1840,  and  was  educated  at  the  primary 
and  grammar  schools  in  that  city.  After  leaving  school  he  led  a  seafaring  life  for  four  years,  during  which 
period  he  sailed  around  the  earth  twice.  In  1864  he  came  to  Brooklyn  and  established  himself  in  business 
as  a  merchant  tailor  in  New  York  city.  He  married  Miss  Ida  C.  Tuthill,  of  Brooklyn,  on  October  9,  1871. 
For  a  number  of  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  Atlantic  Yacht  Cluh  ;  another  of  his  means  of  recreation  is 

gunning. 

Amoncr  brethren  of  the  mystic  tie  in  Brooklyn,  upon  whom  high  honors  have  been  placed  by  the  craft, 
is  Joseph  J.  Couch,  past  grand  master  of  Free  and  Accepted  Masons  of  the  State  of  New  York.  He  is  a 
native  of  Newburyport,  Mass.,  but  has  passed  the  greater  portion  of  his  life  in  Brooklyn,  and  since  1861  has 
been  connected  with  the  United  States  customs  service  at  the  port  of  New  York.  Graduated  at  Phillips 
Academy,  Andover,  in  1848,  he  devoted  so  much  attention  to  mechanical  engineering  that  he  was  enabled 
to  invent  the  steam  rock  drill  with  which  the  borings  were  made  for  the  blowing  up  of  Hell  Gate,  and 
which  was  employed  in  the  completion  of  the  Hoosac  Tunnel.  In  New  York  he  was  engaged  in  the  sewing 
machine  business,  and  he  became  a  resident  of  Brooklyn  in  the  spring  of  1853.  Appointed  as  an  inspector 
in  the  custom  house,  in  1861,  he  has  served  there  thirty-one  years,  a  portion  of  the  time  in  the  naval  office. 
At  the  present  time  he  is  chief  clerk  of  customs  and  special  deputy  collector.  He  joined  Joppa  Lodge  in 
1859.  He  was  elected  master  of  the  lodge  in  1867,  and  retiring  on  the  expiration  of  a  year,  was  called  to 
the  "  east"  again  in  1868  and  presided  in  the  lodge  four  consecutive  annual  terms.  As  a  member  of  the 
grand  lodge  he  held  the  appointive  office  of  commissioner  of  appeals  several  years,  until  elected  deputy 
grand  master  in  1876.     In  the  following  year  he  was  elected  grand  master,  and  held  the  office  one  year. 

William  H.  Friday,  who  is  identified  with  a  number  of  social  and  fraternal  organizations,  including 
the  Masons,  is  also  a  veteran  of  the  National  Guard.  He  was  born  at  Troy,  N.  Y.,  and  has  been  engaged 
in  a  variety  of  occupations.  He  has  been  a  printer  and  journalist,  and  is  now  in  the  real  estate  business. 
He  was  appointed  to  a  clerkship  in  the  city  clerk's  office  in  1882  and  served  two  terms  of  two  years  each; 
and  while  in  that  office  established  the  Summer  Pavilion  Theatre  at  Fifth  and  Flatbush  a-venues,  which, 
during  the  si.x  seasons  that  he  conducted  it,  became  widely  known  and  popular.  He  has  been  for  three 
terms  the  exalted  ruler  of  Brooklyn  Lodge  of  the  Benevolent  Protective  Order  of  Elks;  a  member  of 
Anthon  Lodge,  F.  and  A.  M.;  and  he  is  past  district  deputy  grand  master  of  district  No.  i  of  Kings  County; 
a  member  of  Montauk  Lodge,  I.  0.  O.  F.;  United  States  Council,  National  Provident  Union;  Mayflower 
Lodge,  Daughters  of  Rebecca;  Court  General  Lafayette,  Ancient  Order  of  Foresters,  and  a  member  of  the 
veteran  corps  of  the  13th  Regiment,  N.  G.,  S.  N.  Y.  He  married  Miss  Maurice,  of  New  York,  a  daughter 
of  the  eminent  astronomer  of  that  name.  He  has  a  summer  residence  at  Sea  Cliff,  L.  I.  He  is  fond  of 
athletic  sports  and  spends  much  of  his  leisure  time  in  indulging  this  taste. 

Early  in  life  James  Gresham  proved  himself  the  possessor  of  exceptional  inventive  genius,  and  his 
subsequent  career  has  in  no  way  belied  the  promise  of  his  former  years.  Born  in  Albany  on  August  15, 
1850,  he  was  educated  in  the  district  school  at  Greenbush,  N.  Y.,  whither  his  family  removed  when  he  was 
four  years  old;  on  July  24,  1862,  although  not  quite  twelve  years  of  age,  he  enlisted  as  a  drummer  boy  in 
the  7th  New  York  Heavy  Artillery;  he  never  served  in  the  capacity  under  which  he  enlisted,  but  carried  a 
musket  throughout  the  war  and  was  twice  wounded.  He  was  taken  prisoner  on  one  occasion  and  spent  a 
little  over  four  months  enjoying  the  hospitality  of  the  Confederate  government  at  Salisbury  and  Anderson- 
ville.  After  the  war  was  over  he  began  to  learn  the  trade  of  a  machinist,  and  in  1867  he  obtained  a  position 
as  engineer  on  the  Erie  Railroad  and  a  few  months  later  went  to  Chicago.  There  he  obtained  his  first 
patent  for  a  signal  torpedo  such  as  is  now  used  on  all  railroads;  he  sold  his  invention  for  $1,500,  and  the 
purchaser  derived  a  fortune  from  the  investment.  He  found  new  employment  with  the  Chicago,  Burlington 
&  Quincy  Railroad,  and  spent  his  days  in  hard  work  and  his  evenings  in  study.  He  was  graduated  from 
the  night  school  at  the  head  of  a  class  of  208  and  returned  to  Chicago;  his  inventive  faculties  were  again 
called  into  play  and  produced  the  first  torpedo  ever  propelled  by  electricity;  this  invention  was  sold  to  the 
Russian  government  for  $120,000  in  purchase  bonds.  The  transaction  necessitated  a  visit  to  Russia,  where 
he  was  stricken  by  the  dreaded  "  black  plague,"  but  recovered.  He  returned  to  the  United  States  and 
resumed  his  experiments.  He  directed  his  energies  towards  perfecting  an  instrument  known  as  the  phan- 
tasmograph,  which  photographed  objects  in  motion  at  any  distance  and  under  any  atmospheric  condition. 
The  steamship  "  Germanic  "  was  photographed  by  Mr.  Gresham  more  than  200  miles  outside  the  port  of 
New  York,  and  flying  birds,  running  horses  and  express  trains  were  also  reproduced  with  fidelity  and 
exactness.     The  secret  of  this  invention  was  published  in  a  New  York  newspaper  and  he  failed  to  secure 


SECRET    ORDERS   AND    SPECIAL    SOCIETIES.  955 

the  entire  profit  of  his  labor,  but  retained  control  of  the  manufacture  of  the  plates  used  in  the  machine  and 
still  derives  a  fair  income  from  their  sale.  He  has  made  a  number  of  other  inventions  or  discoveries  and 
most  of  them  have  attained  wide  popularity;  he  holds  thirty-six  direct  patents  which  pay  him  a  fair  income, 
and  has  a  total  of  eighty-three  protective  patents  in  the  United  States  and  elsewhere.  In  1882,  the  year  of 
his  marriage,  he  moved  to  Brooklyn.  Here  he  has  twice  actively  entered  the  political  field;  once  as  the 
Republican  candidate  against  Assemblyman  Byrnes,  who  narrowly  defeated  him,  and  again  in  1890  in 
opposition  to  David  A.  Boody,  when  the  latter  contested  the  second  congressional  district.  Mr.  (iresham 
conducts  business  as  an  analytical  chemist  and  lives  in  a  pleasant  home  at  11  Berkeley  place.  He  is  a 
member  of  Mistletoe  Lodge,  F.  &  A.  M.,  Greenwood  Chapter,  R.  A.  M.,  Damascus  Commandery,  K.  T.,  and 
Kismet  Temple,  Nobles  of  the  Mystic  Shrine. 

As  high  priest  of  Constellation  Chapter  and  master  of  ceremonies  in  Aurora  Grata  Lodge  of  Perfection 
and  as  past  master  of  Girard  Lodge,  of  New  York,  and  Central  Lodge,  of  Brooklyn,  Captain  Charles  H. 
LuscoMB  has  marked  prominence  among  his  brethren  in  the  masonic  fraternity.  His  public  record  is  that  of 
one  who  served  the  city  faithfully  as  park  commissioner.  He  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  leading  bicyclists 
of  New  York  state,  and  is  pra-sident  of  the  Long  Island  Wheelmen  and  the  Metropolitan  Association  of 
Cycling  clubs,  ex-president  of  the  League  of  American  Wheelmen  and  chief  counsel  to  the  New  York 
division  of  the  same  organization.  He  is  actively  interested  in  the  National  Guard,  and  is  in  command  of 
the  2d  Battalion  of  the  13th  Regiment.  He  was  born  in  Salem,  Mass.,  on  February  14,  1856.  He  was  a 
student  at  the  College  of  the  City  of  New  York,  and  was  graduated  at  the  law  school  of  Columbia  Col- 
lege in  the  class  of  1877.  A  year  later  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  at  once  began  practice.  In  1883  he 
made  his  home  in  Brooklyn,  and  soon  after  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  park  commission,  in  which  he 
served  two  successive  terms.     He  lives  at  439  Macon  street,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Brooklyn  Club. 

Hassan  H.  Wheeler  was  born  in  Colchester,  Conn.,  on  December  29,  1837.  When  ten  years  old  he 
came  to  Brooklyn  and  studied  at  a  school  kept  by  A.  B.  Davenport  on  Willoughby  street.  He  afterwards 
attended  the  Free  Academy,  which  some  years  later  was  merged  in  the  College  of  the  City  of  New  York. 
In  1854  he  was  employed  in  the  drygoods  store  of  Eli  Mygatt,  Jr.  &  Co.,  after  which  he  spent  ten  years  in  the 
store  of  George  Bliss  &  Co.,  and  their  successors,  Eldridge,  Dunham  &  Co.,  for  whom  he  acted  as  buyer  and 
manager  of  the  woolen  department.  In  1876  he  went  to  Chicago  to  take  charge  of  the  carpet  department 
of  the  branch  store  of  A.  T.  Stewart  &  Co.,  then  just  established  in  that  city.  In  February,  1878,  on  the 
death  of  John  B.  Norris,  president  of  the  American  District  Telegraph  Co.,  of  Brooklyn,  he  was  elected  to 
the  vacant  office,  and  since  that  time  he  has  been  regularly  chosen  to  fill  that  office  at  each  annual  election 
of  the  board  of  directors.  He  was  a  trustee  of  the  New  York  and  Brooklyn  Bridge  until  the  cities  of  New 
York  and  Brooklyn  took  charge  of  the  work.  Under  the  act  creating  a  board  of  election  in  the  city  of 
Brooklyn,  Mayor  Samuel  S.  Powell  appointed  him  as  the  Democratic  member  of  that  board,  and  he  acted 
as  treasurer  for  two  years.  This  position  he  resigned  to  accept  an  appointment  as  one  of  the  commission- 
ers of  charities  and  corrections,  of  which  board  he  was  elected  president.  He  is  a  member  of  Altair  Lodge, 
No.  601,  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  past  high  priest  of  Constellation  Chapter,  Royal  Arch  Masons  ;  a  member  of 
Aurora  Grata  Consistory,  32°,  Scottish  Rite,  and  also  of  Brooklyn  Lodge,  No.  22,  Benevolent  and  Pro- 
tective Order  of  Elks  ;  the  Brooklyn,  Montauk,  and  Germania  clubs  and  the  Cuttyhunk  Fishing  Club. 

The  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  which  originated  in  Manchester,  England,  is  one  of  the 
most  extensive  secret  and  provident  organizations  in  the  world,  and  was  introduced  into  the  United  States 
in  1806.  Subsequently,  in  1819,  Thomas  Wildey  and  four  other  persons,  who  had  been  members  of  English 
lodges,  established  a  lodge  at  Baltimore  and  secured  a  charter  from  the  Manchester  body,  known  as  the 
Manchester  Unity  Odd  Fellows.  The  other  lodges  already  established  accepted  charters  from  the  Mary- 
land grand  lodge,  but  differences  arose  and  the  American  organization,  now  called  the  Independent  Order 
of  Odd  Fellows,  has  no  affiliation  with  the  English  association.  The  United  States  grand  lodge  has  estab- 
lished subordinate  grand  lodges  in  all  of  the  states  and  territories  and  the  total  membership  of  the  order 
in  this  country,  including  the  German  grand  lodges,  is  over  672,000.  The  encampment  branch  of  the  order 
has  about  116,000  members  and  there  are  over  25,000  chevaliers  of  the  patriarchs  militant.  American  Odd 
Fellowship  seeks  to  visit  the  sick,  relieve  the  distressed,  bury  the  dead,  and  educate  the  orphan.  In  order 
to  become  a  member  a  person  must  be  twenty-one  years  of  age  and  believe  in  a  supreme  being.  The 
order  was  established  in  this  city  by  the  institution  of  Brooklyn  Lodge,  No.  26,  in  1837.  The  growth 
in  membership  was  rapid  and  other  lodges  soon  came  into  existence.  Early  in  its  career  Brooklyn  Lodge 
purchased  lots  in  Greenwood  cemetery  as  a  place  of  burial  for  its  members  and  for  Odd  Fellows  from 
other  places  who  might  die  in  this  city.  There  are  now  fifty-two  lodges,  eleven  encampments,  and  eight 
Rebekah  degree  lodges  in  Brooklyn,  with  an  aggregate  membership  of  about  9,000.  The  ritual  of  the 
order  is  based  on  the  biblical  story  of  Abraham  and  the  patriarchs  and  much  of  the  symbolism  is  illustra- 
tive of  the  early  nomadic  character  of  the  race  which  originated  with  the  man  called  to  be  the  founder  of  a 
"peculiar  people." 


g  THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 

There  is  no  more  thoroughly  American  secret  and  beneficial  association  than  the  Improved  Order  of 
Red  Men,  whose  growth  since  its  establishment,  in  1772,  has  been  coextensive  with  that  of  the  United 
States.  The  order  now  has  thirty  great  councils  and  1,306  tribes,  the  total  membership  of  which  is  some- 
thincr  over  112,000.  Connected  with  it  is  a  female  branch  called  the  Degree  of  Pocahontas,  which  has  211 
councils  and  16,268  members.  The  order  takes  its  names,  types,  and  symbols  from  Indian  life  and  history 
and  its  emblems  are  drawn  from  nature.  Its  aim  is  the  dissemination  of  benevolence  and  charity  and  the 
establishment  of  the  bonds  of  friendship  among  men.  The  first  tribe  to  locate  in  Brooklyn  was  Black 
Hawk,  No.  18,  which  established  itself  at  the  corner  of  Clermont  avenue  and  Fulton  street  on  October  8, 
18S3.  Other  tribes  followed,  and  at  present  there  are  thirteen  of  them  in  this  city,  with  an  aggregate  mem- 
bership of  about  1,200,  besides  two  councils  of  the  Degree  of  Pocahontas.  James  Lockhart,  of  Brooklyn,  is 
sachem  of  the  great  council  of  the  state  of  New  York. 

The  order  of  Knights  of  Pythi.\s  is  of  American  origin,  having  had  its  birth  in  Washington,  D.  C, 
where  the  first  lodge  was  instituted  on  February  19,  1S64,  through  the  efforts,  primarily,  of  Justus  H.  Rath- 
bone.  The  object  of  the  order  is  to  disseminate  the  principles  of  friendship,  charity,  and  benevolence — to 
aid  the  needy  brother,  bury  the  dead,  care  for  the  widow,  and  educate  the  orphan.  It  is  unsectarian  and 
non-political,  and  its  cardinal  doctrines  tend  to  inspire  purity  of  thought  and  life.  The  growth  of  the 
organization  has  been  phenomenal,  and  it  now  has  many  lodges  in  every  state  and  territory  of  the  Union, 
in  all  of  the  British  provinces,  and  in  the  Hawaiian  islands.  Its  ritual  centres  in  the  well-known  story  of 
Damon  and  Pythias.  The  devotion  of  Damon  in  making  himself  a  hostage  for  his  doomed  friend  while  the 
latter  was  allowed  to  go  from  the  place  of  execution  to  take  leave  of  his  family  ;  and  the  fidelity  of  Pythias  in 
returning  to  redeem  with  his  life  his  living  pledge  are  both  made  prominent.  The  first  lodge  in  this  state 
was  organized  in  October,  1867,  and  on  October  29,  1868,  the  grand  lodge  was  instituted  in  New  York  city. 
Alpha,  No.  9,  was  the  first  Brooklyn  lodge,  having  come  into  existence  at  9  Court  street  on  April  21, 
1869.  It  had  sixteen  charter  members.  There  are  two  branch  organizations  of  the  order,  the  endowment 
rank,  or  insurance  branch,  and  the  uniform  rank,  or  military  branch.  The  supreme  governing  body  regulates 
the  rites  and  ceremonies  for  the  entire  order,  which  now  numbers  over  400,000  members.  The  Knights  of 
Pythias  have  secured  a  strong  foothold,  and  their  organization  is  in  a  flourishing  condition  in  Brooklyn  ; 
they  have  brought  to  their  brotherhood  many  representative  men.  There  are  eighteen  lodges  in  this  city, 
with  an  aggregate  membership  of  1,755. 

The  Ancient  Order  of  Foresters  was  instituted  in  1745  and  its  courts  are  scattered  throughout  the 
world,  its  total  membership  being  over  900,000.  The  branch  in  this  country,  known  as  the  Ancient  Order 
of  Foresters  of  America,  was  established  in  1864.  It  is  composed  of  sixteen  grand  courts,  over  goo 
subordinate  courts,  and  more  than  90,000  members.  Court  Brooklyn,  No.  4421,  the  first  to  be  estab- 
lished in  this  city,  was  organized  on  May  24,  1S64,  with  twenty-four  members.  There  are  now  ninety 
courts  in  Brooklyn,  with  a  total  membership  of  13,000,  and  a  number  of  others  in  various  towns  on  Long 
Island.  The  purposes  of  the  Ancient  Order  of  Foresters  of  America  are  the  mutual  protection  and  assist- 
ance of  its  members  in  sickness  and  distress,  the  burial  of  deceased  members  and  members'  wives,  and  the 
relief  of  relatives  left  unprovided  for  by  the  death  of  a  member  of  the  family.  An  endowment  fund  was 
begun  in  connection  with  the  order  in  October,  1876,  and  has  proven  an  exceptionally  beneficial  feature. 
Grand  courts  are  permitted  to  organize  what  are  known  as  Junior  Courts,  for  the  purpose  of  securing  to 
youths  between  the  ages  of  twelve  and  eighteen  years  medical  attendance,  sick  pay,  and  to  their  relatives  a 
certain  sum  at  death.  Other  branches  of  the  order  are  the  Ancient  Order  of  Shepherds,  the  second  degree 
of  A.  O.  F.  of  A.,  which  has  sanctuaries  connected  with  the  subordinate  courts  in  many  states,  and  provides 
additional  benefits  for  members;  the  Knights  of  Sherwood  Forest,  the  third  degree  of  A.  O.  F.  of  A.,  the 
uniformed  branch  of  the  order  in  the  United  States  having  some  sixty-four  conclaves  now  in  existence  ;  and 
Companions  of  the  Forest,  organized  in  August,  1885,  which  females  may  join  as  beneficiary  members.  The 
Ancient  Order  of  Foresters  of  America  is  governed  by  the  supreme  court  of  America. 

The  Benevolent  Protective  Order  of  Elks  grew  out  of  an  organization  of  an  informal  character 
which  was  formed  in  1868  by  members  of  the  theatrical  profession  who  found  time  a  laggard  on  Sundays, 
for  in  those  days  the  continental  idea  of  Sunday  enjoyment  was  not  tolerated  in  New  York  as  it  now  is. 
1  he  "  Jolly  Corks  "  was  its  name  and  it  was  the  outcome  of  a  joviai  evening  passed  in  an  actor's  room.  It 
was  a  thoroughly  unconventional  body,  drawn  and  held  together  for  sociable  enjoyment  only  •,  but  some  of 
the  more  thoughtful  of  those  who  participated  in  its  gatherings  conceived  the  idea  of  forming  a  permanent 
organization  of  people  connected  with  the  theatrical  business,  making  its  objects  benevolence  and  pro- 
tection. The  Order  of  Elks  was  incorporated  the  same  year,  and  now  extends  all  over  the  country. 
Brooklyn  Lodge,  No.  22,  was  organized  on  April  15,  1S83,  with  David  T.  Lynch  as  exalted  ruler. 

The  order  of  the  Knichts  of  Honor  was  founded  in  1873,  and  during  the  twenty  years  ot  its  exist- 
ence has  grown  to  a  membership  of  nearly  140,000.  Its  general  aims  and  forms  of  organization  are  similar 
to  those  of  other  organizations  which  combine  beneficial  and  social  features, and  they  include  a  large  death 


SECRET    ORDERS    AND    SPECIAL    SOCIETIES.  957 

benefit.  There  are  thirty-one  lodges  of  the  order  in  Brooklyn,  the  first,  Kings  County  Pioneer,  No.  63, 
having  been  instituted  on  April  i,  1875,  with  thirteen  members.  At  the  present  time  the  Knights  of  Honor 
in  Brooklyn  number  about  4,000. 

One  of  the  most  prominent  of  the  secret  societies  of  American  origin  is  the  Royal  Arcanum,  which 
was  founded  in  Boston  on  June  23,  1877,  when  the  first  council  was  instituted  with  a  membership  of  nine. 
The  objects  of  the  order  are  fraternal  and  beneficent,  and  besides  the  aid  it  gives  to  needy  members,  it  pro- 
vides for  widows  and  orphans,  and  has  established  a  benefit  fund  which  affords  an  effective  system  of  insur- 
ance in  cases  of  sickness.  Brooklyn,  No.  72,  was  the  first  council  of  the  Royal  Arcanum  to  be  established 
in  this  city,  and  it  dates  from  April  10,  1877.  There  are  thirty-nine  councils  here,  with  a  total  membership 
of  nearly  9,000.  The  head  offices  of  the  order  are  in  the  Royal  Arcanum  building  in  Boston,  and  there  the 
supreme  council,  which  has  jurisdiction  over  the  entire  order,  is  established.  Each  state  has  a  grand  council, 
having  jurisdiction  over  the  subordinate  councils.  Long  Island  Council  is  the  banner  council  of  Brooklyn, 
having  nearly  1,000  members. 

Knights  of  St.  John  and  Malta  is  the  title  of  an  order  which  claims  to  have  arisen  during  the  first 
crusade.  It  attained  its  greatest  prosperity  in  Great  Britain,  and  became  prominently  identified  with  Protest- 
antism. Its  first  appearance  in  America  was  in  Canada  in  1870,  and  a  grand  encampment  of  the  United 
States  was  instituted  in  1876.  The  supreme  body  is  known  as  the  Chapter  General  of  America.  Benevo- 
lence is  the.peculiarfeature  of  the  order,  which  has  in  Brooklyn  eleven  encampments  and  1,000  members. 
Golden  Cross  Encampment,  the  pioneer  body  in  Brooklyn,  was  established  in  1882. 

The  American  Legion  of  Honor  occupies  a  high  place  among  fraternal  and  secret  societies,  and  its 
best  endorsement  is  the  representative  position  to  which  it  has  attained  and  the  rapid  increase  in  its  mem- 
bership since  December  iS,  1S78,  the  date  of  the  founding  of  the  order  in  Boston.  The  chief  objects  of  the 
organization  are  to  furnish  life  insurance  and  afford  relief  to  members  in  sickness  or  distress.  The  central 
governing  body  of  the  American  Legion  of  Honor  is  a  supreme  council.  Each  state  has  its  grand  council. 
There  are  fifty-one  subordinate  councils  in  Brooklyn  and  their  total  membership  is  7,600.  The  number  of 
councils  in  the  United  States  is  1,041. 

A  beneficial  fraternity  known  as  the  Home  Circle  was  organized  in  Boston  on  October  2,  1879,  by 
members  of  the  Royal  Arcanum,  as  an  annex  to  that  society,  the  object  being  to  secure  additional  protec- 
tion for  their  families  and  to  insure  to  their  female  relatives  social  benefits  as  well  as  cheap  life  insurance 
in  a  conservative  organization.  Persons  of  either  sex  between  eighteen  and  fifty-five  years  of  age  are 
eligible  to  beneficiary  membership  after  careful  medical  examination,  and  persons  failing  to  pass  this  exam- 
ination may  become  social  members.  There  are  four  degrees  of  insurance,  and  death  benefits  are 
paid  by  assessments  upon  the  entire  beneficiary  membership.  The  legislative  and  governing  body  is  called 
the  supreme  council,  and  is  composed  of  the  organizers  of  the  Home  Circle  and  of  representatives  from  the 
grand  councils  of  the  various  states.  Of  the  subordinate  councils  seven  are  located  in  Brooklyn,  the 
order  having  been  introduced  here  by  the  institution  of  Keystone  Council,  No.  48,  on  June  22,  1882. 

One  of  the  most  prominent  of  the  secret  and  benevolent  associations,  admitting  both  sexes  to  member- 
ship, is  the  order  of  Knights  and  Ladies  of  Honor,  which  seeks  to  protect  and  benefit  its  members  while 
living  and  at  their  death  to  provide  for  those  dependent  upon  them.  The  order  was  chartered  in  1878  under 
the  laws  of  the  state  of  Kentucky.  Originally  its  membership  was  confined  to  members  of  the  Knights  of 
Honor  and  their  female  relatives,  but  subsequently  this  restriction  was  removed.  Jenny  Lind  Lodge,  No. 
94,  instituted  December  6,  1878,  was  the  first  to  be  established  in  Brooklyn.  Other  lodges  were  founded 
from  year  to  year  until  1892  there  were  thirty-seven  local  organizations,  with  a  total  membership  of 
about  3,800. 

There  are  thirty-five  councils  of  the  order  of  United  Friends  in  Brooklyn,  representing  a  total  mem- 
bership of  something  over  2,500.  The  association  had  its  birth  in  i88i,and  since  then  has  disbursed  nearly 
$2,490,000  in  benefits  to  its  members.  It  consists  of  six  grand  councils  and  340  subordinate  councils,  and 
has  over  22,000  members  in  the  United  States.     The  first  council  in  Brooklyn  was  instituted  in  June,  1882. 

There  are  five  groves  of  the  United  Order  of  Druids  in  Brooklyn  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the 
grand  grove  of  the  state  of  New  York.  The  order,  which  was  founded  in  1781,  was  introduced  into  the 
United  States  in  1839.  There  are  now  fifteen  grand  groves,  and  300  subordinate  groves  in  this  country, 
which  represent  a  total  membership  of  15,000. 

With  the  purpose  of  advancing  the  social  interests  of  Catholics  and  giving  them  moral  and  material 
assistance  when  in  need,  the  order  of  Catholic  Knights  of  America  was  founded  in  1877.  It  consists  of 
one  supreme  council,  and  527  branches,  and  has  over  22,000  members.  Since  its  organization  it  has  dis- 
bursed more  than  $4,500,000  in  benefits,  and  is  to-day  m  every  respect  prosperous.  There  are  four 
branches  in  this  city,  the  first  of  which  was  organized  on  April  i,  1880. 

Brooklyn  is  the  birthplace  of  the  order  of  Knights  of  the  Golden  Eagle,  which  was  founded  on 
October  8,  1885.     It  is  semi-military  in  character,  and  its  objects  are  both  beneficial  and  social.      The  gov- 


gjg  THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 

ernino-  body  is  called  the  grand  castle  of  New  York,  and  there  are  eight  castles  and  two  commanderies  in 
this  city  under  its  jurisdiction.  The  total  number  of  knights  in  this  city  is  about  900.  J.  W.  Poole,  a 
Brooklynite,  is  grand  chief  o(  the  grand  castle  of  the  state. 

Brooklyn  has  nine  subordinate  tents  of  the  Knights  of  the  Maccabees,  having,  all  told,  about  900 
members.  The  order  was  founded  in  1881  and  now  has  nearly  63,000  members  scattered  through  1,151 
tents.     There  are  two  great  camps,  one  in  Michigan  and  another  in  New  York. 

The  Order  of  Mutual  Protection  gives  aid  to  the  sick  and  disabled  and  affords  relief  to  the  depen- 
dents of  its  deceased  members.  Men  and  women  are  eligible  to  membership  upon  an  equal  footing.  The 
order  is  governed  by  a  supreme  lodge,  whose  members  are  elected  by  the  various  subordinate  bodies.  There 
are  six  lodges  in  Brooklyn,  with  a  total  membership  of  400.  All  of  these  were  organized  by  past  supreme 
president  H.  E.  Winther,  of  this  city,  the  order  having  made  its  first  appearance  here  on  September  23,  1887. 

No  provident  association  in  the  United  States  has  made  a  more  substantial  progress  than  the  Ancient 
Order  of  United  Workingmen.  It  was  founded  in  Meadville,  Pa.,  in  1868  and  has  twenty-seven  grand 
lodges  and  4,200  subordinate  lodges.  The  aggregate  membership  is  about  268,000.  The  order  covers  a 
wide  field  of  beneficial  effort  and  since  its  establishment  has  disbursed  something  like  $43,000,000  among 
its  members  and  others  entitled  to  its  aid.  There  are  seventeen  lodges  of  the  order  in  this  city,  their  total 
membership  being  i,iS6.  They  are  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  New  York  state  grand  lodge.  The  first 
lodge  of  the  order  in  this  city  was  Alpha,  No.  102,  which  was  instituted  on  July  24,  1877. 

The  Order  of  United  A.merican  Mechanics  occupies  a  distinctly  representative  position  among 
secret  and  provident  associations.  It  was  founded  in  1845  and  is  composed  of  twelve  grand  councils  and 
519  subordinate  councils,  the  aggregate  membership  being  about  50,000.  There  are  five  subordinate  coun- 
cils of  the  order  in  Brooklyn,  besides  several  in  other  parts  of  Long  Island. 

The  Catholic  Benevolent  Union  originated  in  the  idea  of  a  fraternal  association  of  male  Roman 
Catholics  broached  by  I!)r.  George  R.  Kuhn  in  the  summer  of  1S81.  The  organization  was  incorporated  on 
September  5,  1881,  as  the  Supreme  Council  Catholic  Benevolent  Union.  Its  objects  are  social  and  intel- 
lectual improvement,  moral  and  material  aid,  and  a  class  of  mutual  life  insurance.  There  are  sixty-three 
subordinate  councils  in  Brooklyn  with  a  membership  of  6,500. 

The  Ancient  Order  of  Hibernians  is  the  most  prominent  of  the  Irish  organizations  in  Brooklyn 
and  obtained  its  first  foothold  in  1848.  It  has  thirty-five  subordinate  branches  in  the  city  and  a  total  mem- 
bership of  between  6,000  and  7,000.  The  Irish  Federation  is  a  more  recent  organization  which  has  cen- 
tral headquarters  in  Washington  Hall,  at  Myrtle  avenue  and  Nav}'  street.  The  Friendly  Sons  of  St. 
Patrick  and  the  St.  Patrick  Society  are  two  organizations  existing  principally  to  secure  appropriate  cele- 
bration of  the  great  Irish  holiday.  The  Emerald  Association  has  for  its  object  the  giving  of  an  annual 
ball  for  the  benefit  of  the  orphans  in  the  Roman  Catholic  orphan  asylums. 

The  most  recent  addition  to  provident  society  representation  in  this  city  is  Brooklyn  Lodge,  No.  30,  of 
the  Theatrical  Mechanical  Association.  The  order  was  established  twenty-five  years  ago  in  New 
York  city  and  now  has  silbordinate  lodges  in  every  state  in  the  Union.  The  grand  lodge  of  the  state  of 
New  York  has  jurisdiction  over  forty  lodges.  The  Brooklyn  organization  was  chartered  on  November  3, 
1892,  and  has  6;^  members.  J.  H.  Thompson  is  president  of  the  lodge  ;  Charles  Fleischman,  vice-president ; 
James  Smith,  treasurer  ;  and  Joseph  De  Silver,  recording  secretary  The  object  of  the  association  is  to 
render  aid  in  sickness,  distress,  and  death. 

FRATERNAL   AND    MEMORIAL    ORGANIZATIONS. 

The  paradox  that  the  Anglo-Saxon  takes  his  pleasure  sadly  is  but  another  way  of  saying  that  the  race 
is  undemonstrative,  disguising  its  impulses  beneath  an  apparent  apathy.  Yet  it  has  often  been  demon- 
strated that  under  this  there  lies  a  vast  reserve  of  power  and  enthusiasm,  which  is  ready  to  respond  when 
the  occasion  calls  for  it.  Americans  have  been  learning  how  to  preserve  and  organize  their  enthusiasms, 
and  consequently  there  never  has  been  a  time  more  fruitful  than  the  present  in  those  associations  of  men 
who  have  the  same  ends  in  view  or  who  celebrate  the  days  when  they  were  comrades.  It  is  not  mere  vanity 
that  prompts  men  who  have  shared  the  dangers  and  the  hardships  of  bivouac  and  battle  to  organize  them- 
selves in  after  years  into  fraternal  associations,  but  there  enters  into  such  organizations  much  of  the  same 
spirit  of  patriotism  which  filled  them  with  loyalty  and  ardor  during  the  times  of  trial,  and  it  is  the  desire  to 
perpetuate  the  memory  of  the  victories  won  rather  than  to  foster  and  feed  any  individual  conceits  that 
creates  societies  of  veterans.  All  such  organizations,  and  also  those  of  the  descendants  of  veterans,  and 
the  societies  formed  by  men  of  common  nationality  or  common  ancestry,  serve  high  moral  ends  in  keeping 
the  leaves  of  memory's  book  turned  down  upon  the  pages  which  record  the  noble  characters,  the  distin- 
guished classes,  and  the  heroes  of  a  nation,  their  patriotism,  their  valor,  and  their  glorious  achievements. 


SECRET    ORDERS    AND    SPECIAL   SOCIETIES. 


959 


GRAND  ARMY  OF  THE  REPUBLIC. 

When  the  men  who  had  left  peaceful  vocations  to  fight  for  the  preservation  of  the  nation  returned  to 
the  life  of  civilians  after  the  great  war  ended,  it  was  natural  that  they  should  seek  to  perpetuate  the  com- 
radeship born  on  the  march,  nursed  in  the  bivouac,  and  baptized  ni  the  blood  of  the  battlefield.     The  desire 
found  insufficient  gratification  in  regimental  and  corps  associations,  and  could  be  satisfied  in  no  other  way 
than  by  including  in  the  spirit  of  fraternization  the  whole  grand  army  that,  from  the  march  through  Balti- 
more on  April   19,  1861,  until  the  surrender  of  General  Lee  at  Appomattox  on  April  9,  1865,  bore  arms  for 
their  country,  including  also  their  brave  allies  of  the  navy.     In  1866  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  was 
organized  at  Indianapolis,  and  the  order  spread  rapidly  throughout  the  country.     Like  other  movements  of 
this  character,  it  was  beset  by  many  dangers  while  in  its  chrysalis  state,  one  of  which  was  the  tendency  on 
the  part  of  many  of  its  members  to  make  their  membership  merely  a  lever  to  secure  easy  but  lucrative 
positions  under  the  government.     For  a  time  the  existence  of  the  organization  was  threatened  by  the  evils 
created  within  it  and  the  antagonism  aroused  outside  of  it  by  this  condition  of  affairs;  but  it  was  saved 
from  absolute  extinction  by  a  better  element  that  recognized  the  possibilities  for  good  represented  in  such 
a  body,  and  reintegrated  it  on  a  basis  indicated  by  its  present  motto — "  Fraternity,  Charity,  and  Loyalty." 
Its  badge  to-day  is  worn  with  pride  by  thousands  of  men  in  every  state  of  the  Union,  and  is  a  more  honor- 
able decoration  than  any  medal  or  cross  ever  bestowed  by  king  or  emperor  upon  his  bravest  soldiers.     It 
indicates  the  comradeship  of  men  who  fought  for  principle,  and  includes  not  only  loyalty  to  the  living,  but 
a  loyal  remembrance  of  the  unseen  host  of  those  who  have  passed  over  the  silent  river  and  whose  graves 
are  strewn  with  flowers  on  every  Decoration   Day.     Veterans   living  in  Brooklyn  were   prompt  to  enroll 
themselves  in  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  and  in  December,  1866,  Rankin  Post,  No.  10,  was  organized. 
It  was  not  the  first  in  the  state,  but  it  was  among  the  first,  the  pioneer  post  in  New  York  state  being  Post 
No.  I,  of  Rochester,  which  was  organized  a  few  days  earlier.     There  are  at  the  present  time  thirty-one 
posts  in  Brooklyn,  with  an  aggregate  membership  of  4,115,  and  this  includes  several  of  the  strongest  in  the 
whole  country.     Prominent  among  them  is  U.  S.  Grant  Post,  No.  327,  to  which  is  accorded  the  place  of 
honor  in  the  ceremonies  at  General  Grant's  tomb  on  Decoration  Day.     In  connection  with  the  order  in  this 
city  there  is  a  memorial   committee  and   an  executive  committee,  both  composed  of  delegates  from  the 
several  posts.     There  is  also  a  bureau  of  employment  for  the  benefit  of  indigent  soldiers  and  sailors,  or  their 
widows  and  orphans,  the  aim  of  which  is  to  aid  worthy  applicants  either  by  securing  for  them  opportunity 
to  earn  a  livelihood  or  by  giving  them  necessary  relief.     The  Soldiers'  Home,  at  Bath,  Steuben  County, 
owes  its  existence  to  the  spirited  action  of  Grand  Army  men  in  Brooklyn.     In  1875  the  Brooklyn  delegates 
to  the  department  encampment  asked  for  the  appointment  of  a  committee  to  raise  money  for  establishing  a 

soldiers'  home,  and  Corporal  James  Tanner,  in  a  speech 
advocating  such  a  course,  pledged  Brooklyn  for  a  con- 
tribution of  $10,000.  This  was  not  the  first  time  the 
enterprise  had  been  discussed  in  the  order,  but  its 
practical  inception  had  been  prevented  by  various 
causes,  of  which  the  most  vital  was  the  apparent  im- 
possibility of  raising  money  for  such  an  object.  Cor- 
poral Tanner's  pledge  was  therefore  regarded  with 
much  surprise,  but  it  was  more  than  fulfilled.  The  men 
who  made  it  appealed  at  once  to  the  people  of  Brook- 
lyn by  means  of  a  meeting  of  citizens  held  in  the  Acad- 
emy of  Music,  where  Henry  Ward  Beecher  made  one  of 
those  addresses  wherein  his  love  for  the  defenders  of  the 
Union  intensified  his  eloquence,  and  reached  into  the 
hearts  and  pockets  of  his  hearers  so  deeply  that  $14,000 
was  contributed  instead  of  the  $10,000  promised,  and  the 
enterprise  moved  steadily  on  toward  complete  success. 
One  of  the  most  active  Grand  Army  men  in  Brook- 
lyn is  P:i)w.akd  a.  Dubey,  past  vice-commander  of 
the  department  of  New  York.  He  served  honorably 
at  the  front,  and  since  the  war  his  interest  in  his  com- 
rades has  been  unwearied.  His  father  was  a  French- 
man, who  did  gallant  service  in  the  French  army  before 
coming  to  America,  where  his  name  of  Dube  was 
modified  into  its  present  form.  The  son  was  born  in 
Albany,  N.  Y.,  in  1839,  and  in  a  short  time  was  brought 

to  Brooklvn,  where  he  was  educated  and  learned  two 
Edward  A.  DuuEY.  ■•"  ^"  ""     .'     , 


g6o 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


trades.      He  is  engaged  in  the  business  of    sign  and  banner  painting.      In  his  younger  days  he  was  an 
athlete  of  some  reputation  and  was  a  player  in  a  noted  base-ball  nine.     He  devotes  a  stated  time  daily  to 
manual  exercises  and  there  are  few  men  who  can  display  more  endurance  under  fatiguing  circumstances. 
At  the  beinnning  of  the  civil  war,  Charles  Dubey,  the  father,  enlisted  in  the  67th  New  York  Volunteers  (the 
"  1st  Lonu-  Island  Regiment"),  sending  a  message  to  his  eldest  son,  Edward,  then  visiting  in  Rochester,  to 
return  and  care  for  his  mother  and  young  brothers  and  sisters.     Edward  came  to  Brooklyn  in  obedience  to 
his  father's  orders,  but  within  a  few  days  surprised  the  family  by  appearing  in  the  uniform  of  the  loth 
National  Zouaves,  having  enlisted  in  Company  F.     His  regiment  was  soon  ordered   to  the  seat  of  war. 
Within  two  months  he  won  his  corporal's  chevron  by  attention  to  duty.     He  took  part  in  all  the  battles  of 
the  army  of  the  Potomac,  including  the  seven  days'  battle,  under  McClellan,  when  he  won  the  rank  of  color 
corporal.     While  defending  his  colors  at  the  second  battle  of  Bull  Run  he  was  seriously  wounded  and  left 
on  the  field  disabled  for  three  days.     While  in  this  condition  he  received  succor  from  Captain  Hugh  Barr, 
of  the  sth  Virginia  Cavalry,  who  had  Dubey  and  two  wounded  captains  of  his  regiment  removed  to  a  Con- 
federate field-hospital  and  attended  by  a  surgeon.     After  the  close  of  the  war,  with  captains  Dimmick  and 
Moscrop,  he  sought  out  Captain  Barr  and  presented  him  with  a  handsomely  engrossed  set  of  resolutions, 
and  also  revived  a  friendship  which  lasted  until  the  death  of  Captain  Barr.     Since  then  the  captain's  widow 
has  been  the  recipient  of  substantial  tokens  of  the  regard  in  which  her  husband  was  held  by  the  survivors, 
and  also  by  members  of  the  loth  New  York  Veterans.     Corporal  Dubey  was  discharged,  after  seven  months 
in  the  hospital,  crippled  for  life  it  was  supposed;  but  careful  nursing  at  home  restored  the  use  of  both  the 
wounded  leg  and  arm.     He  is  a  member  of  Winchester  Post,  No.  197,  named  after  his  old  captain.     He 
inaugurated  and    put  into  operation   the   bureau  of   employment   and   relief  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the 
Republic,  which  has  been  copied  in  nearly  every  large  city  of  the  Union.     He  also  organized  the  scheme  of 
Christmas    dinners    for   indigent    veterans.       His  services  to  the  order  were   recognized  at  the   depart- 
ment encampment  at  Rochester  in  1891,  when  he  was  elected  vice-commander  by  a  larger  vote  than  any 
other  candidate  ever  received  in  the  history  of  the  order;  and  he  is  the  first  vice-commander  who  rendered 
a  report  of  his   work.     He  is   a   member  of  the  Central  Congregational   Church  ;   of  Crystal  Wave   Lodge, 
638,  V.  &  A.  M.;   Gate  of  the  Temple  Chapter,  National  Provident  Union;  Independent  Order  of  Foresters; 
Union  Veteran  Legion,  Society  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  Ex-Prisoners'  of  War  Association,  of  New 
York,  Masonic  A^'eteran  Association,  Society  of  Old  Brooklynites,  Gilbert  Dramatic  Society,  and  the  Lincoln 
Club.     He  is  an  inventor  and  has  taken  out  ten  or  more  patents. 

Although  more  than  seventy  years  of  age,  the  Rev.  Mason  Gallagher,  chaplain  of  U.  S.  Grant  Post,  is 
the  possessor  of  perfect  health,  which  he  ascribes  to  exercise  in  the  gymnasium  and  frequent  outings  in  the 

woods.  He  was  born  on  August  24,  1821,  in  the  city  of  New  York,  and 
comes  of  a  race  of  patriots.  Bernard  Gallagher,  his  grandfather,  was  a 
native  of  Donegal,  Ireland,  who  came  to  America  prior  to  the  war  for 
Independence,  and  cast  in  his  lot  with  the  colonists.  While  carrying 
provisions  in  his  own  ship  to  General  Washington  at  Yorktown,  he  was 
taken  prisoner  by  the  British,  but  not  until  after  he  had  sunk  his  ship  to 
prevent  its  capture  by  the  enemy;  he  was  held  in  chains  in  the  prison 
ship  at  Halifax,  N.  S.,  for  two  years,  until  peace  was  declared.  Washing- 
ton was  a  visitor  at  Bernard  Gallagher's  home  and  acceded  to  his  host's 
request  to  sit  to  C.  W.  Peale  for  a  portrait ;  the  result  was  one  of  the  best 
pictures  of  Washington  now  in  existence,  Chaplain  Gallagher  being  its 
present  possessor.  George  Gallagher,  father  of  Mason  Gallagher,  served 
as  an  artilleryman  in  the  war  of  1812  ;  he  married  a  daughter  of  John  B. 
Murray,  another  patriot  of  the  revolutionary  times,  who  was  an  aide  to 
Lafayette  in  the  American  army.  After  receiving  an  education  at  Flush- 
ing Institute,  which  he  completed  at  Geneva  College,  and  at  the  Episcopal 
General  Theological  Seminary  in  New  York  city.  Mason  Gallagher  entered 
the  ministry  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  and  labored  successively 
in  Cazenovia,  Dansviile,  and  Oswego,  N.  Y.  He  was  at  Oswego  when,  at  the  call  for  men  to  fight  for 
the  preservation  of  the-Union,  seventy  of  his  congregation  became  soldiers  and  he  went  with  them,  being 
one  of  the  first  two  clergymen  commissioned  as  chaplains  from  this  state.  His  regiment  was  the  24th 
New  York,  but  he  remained  with  it  less  than  a  year,  the  weakened  condition  of  his  church,  due  to  the 
enlistment  of  its  members,  making  it  necessary  for  him  to  return.  While  with  the  army  he  was  secretary 
■of  the  Society  of  Chaplains  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  in  the  winter  of  1861-62.  In  1866  he  became 
assistant  rector  of  St.  Ann's  Church,  Brooklyn,  and  he  labored  subsequently  at  Paterson,  N.  J.,  Louisville 
and  Covington,  Ky.,  and  Duluth,  Minn.  In  1873  he  was  one  of  those  engaged  in  the  formation  of  the 
Reformed  Episcopal  Church,  in  which  he  is  an  active  worker,  having  been  for  years  its  general  missionary 


Rkv.  m.^son  Gallagher. 


SECRET    ORDERS    AND    SPECIAL   SOCIETIES. 


961 


and  evangelist.  He  has  been  at  times  actively  engaged  in  Young  Men's  Christian  Associations,  in  Sunday- 
school  work,  and  in  promoting  societies  for  Christian  union.  Among  his  literary  works  are  "  True  Church- 
manship  Vindicated,"  "  The  Regard  Due  to  the  Virgin  Mary,"  "  The  True  Historic  Episcopate,"  "  Duty  and 
Necessity  of  Revision,"  "  A  Chapter  of  Unwritten  History"  and  "Modern  Objections— Antiquated  Errors." 
He  joined  U.  S.  Grant  Post  in  1886,  was  unanimously  elected  its  chaplain  the  following  year,  and  has  been 
reelected  annually. 

Andrew  Jacobs,  of  U.  S.  Grant  Post,  was  born  in  West  Scituate,  Mass.,  on  February  8,  1843,  and  was 
educated  in  South  Hingham,  Mass.  He  is  a  descendant  of  Joseph  Jacobs,  who  came  to  America  from 
England,  and  landed  at  Plymouth  in  1623.  In  Pilgrim  Memorial  Hall,  of  which  the  ancient  New  England 
town  is  justly  proud,  is  deposited  a  trunk  which  belonged  to  this  ancestor  ;  upon  its  top  cover  is  a  card 
bearing  the  information  that  the  trunk  was  brought  to  America  filled  with  silver  money.     Mr.  Jacobs  was 


Andkkw  Jacobs. 

only  eighteen  years  old  when  he  enlisted,  in  August,  1861,  at  ISoston,  in  Company  G,  21st  Mass.  Regiment. 
In  October  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  the  south.  In  a  few  months  the  regiment  was  attached  to  the  9th 
Army  Corps  and  joined  the  Burnside  expedition,  sailing  from  Annapolis  with  that  famous  flotilla  in  January, 
1862.  The  first  battle  in  which  Mr.  Jacobs  was  engaged  was  that  of  Roanoke  Island,  N.  C,  he  celebrating 
his  nineteenth  birthday  by  participation  in  the  grim  work  of  the  battlefield;  and  the  celebration  was 
crowned  with  a  victory  for  the  Union  forces.  He  was  also  engaged  with  his  regiment  in  the  battle  of  New 
Berne,  N.  C,  in  March,  1862,  and  in  the  fight  at  Camden,  or  South  Mills,  which  followed  in  April  ;  both  being 
Union  victories.  He  remained  with  his  regiment  until  1863,  when  he  was  honorably  discharged  on  account 
of  disability.  Coming  to  Brooklyn  in  1865,  he  connected  himself  with  the  Assabet  Manufacturing  Company, 
of  Maynard,  Mass.,  one  of  the  largest  woolen  mills  in  the  United  States,  which  he  has  represented  in  New 
York  city  for  twenty-eight  years.  He  is  an  ardent  Republican  in  his  pcjlitical  affiliation,  and  has  been  for  many 
years  president  of  the  Sixth  Ward  Republican  Association.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Hamilton  and  Rembrandt 
clubs,  and  of  the  New  England  Society.  He  married  Miss  Mary  E.  Howe,  of  Brooklyn,  on  January  5,  1871, 
and  resides  at  380  Clinton  street.  In  religion  he  is  a  Unitarian  of  the  modern  or  radical  branch  of  that  denom- 
ination ;  he  is  a  regular  attendant  at  the  Second  Unitarian  Church,  and  is  a  member  of  its  board  of  trustees. 


962 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


Geokge  a.  Price. 


George  A.  Price,  past  commander  of  U.  S.  Grant  Post,  was  one  of  the  young  men  who  went  into  the 
Union  army  early  in  the  days  of  the  civil  war,  and  served  as  long  as  his  health  permitted.  He  was  born 
in  Broome  County,  N.  Y.,  on  November  4,  1839,  and  was  educated  at  the 

public  schools  of  Vestal,  his  native  town.    At  the  age  of  twelve  he  came  to  '~~] 

New  York,  and  when  the  war  began  he  was  engaged  in  the  hat  manufac- 
turing business.  In  April,  1861,  he  joined  Company  E,  yth  Regiment,  N. 
Y.  S.  M.,  and  served  forty  days  in  Washington  with  that  command.  After 
his  return  to  New  York  he  obtained  an  unlimited  furlough  to  enable  him 
to  join  any  other  regiment  engaged  in  active  service.  In  July  following, 
while  on  a  visit  with  friends  in  Iroquois  County,  111.,  he  assisted  in  raising 
Company  M  of  the  9th  Illinois  Cavalry,  and  was  at  once  appointed  ser- 
geant of  the  company.  He  was  mustered  in  for  six  years  at  Chicago  on 
November  30,  i86i,and  accompanied  his  regiment  to  Batesville,  Ark.  In 
January,  1862,  he  was  appointed  sergeant-major.  He  participated  in  a 
number  of  small  engagements,  among  which  was  that  of  Waddell  Planta- 
tion. The  e.xposure  to  the  malarial  influences  of  the  Arkansas  swamps 
brought  on  serious  illness  which  compelled  him  to  sever  his  connection 
with  the  army  and  retire  to  private  life.  In  January,  1863,  he  returned 
to  New  York,  and  resumed  his  former  business.  In  Februarv,  1864,  he 
became  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Biglow  &  Co.,  hatters  and  furriers,  Brook- 
lyn, which  was  reorganized  in  1869  as  Balch,  Price  &  Co.  He  joined  Post  327  in  November,  1884.  In  1887 
he  was  elected  senior  vice-commander,  and  in  1889,  commander  ;  he  has  always  been  active  in  the  work  of 
the  post,  and  interested  in  the  charitable  work  of  the  Grand  Army.  He  is  a  member  of  the  7th  Regiment 
War  Veterans'  Association,  N.  G.,  S.  N.  Y.,  of  the  New  England  Society,  and  the  Montauk  Club,  of  Brooklyn. 
An  unassuming  devotion  to  domestic  and  public  duty, a  quiet  dignity  and  sober  earnestness  of  purpose 
are  the  qualities  which  go  to  make  up  our  best  citizenship,  and  these  have  been  exhibited  most  worthily 

in  the  career  of  Charles  A.  Shaw.  He  was  born  at 
Whitestown,  Oneida  County,  N.  Y.,  on  November  8, 
1839.  His  parentage  is  Scotch,  and  is  traceable  on 
the  maternal  side  as  far  back  as  the  Wallaces  of  Stir- 
ling and  Renfrew,  of  which  family  Sir  William  Wallace 
was  a  member.  He  was  educated  at  the  district  schools 
of  Whitestown  and  New  Hartford,  and  at  the  Whites- 
town  Seminary.  After  leaving  the  seminary  he  be- 
came a  teacher  at  the  district  school  until  in  1863  he 
joined  the  volunteer  army.  While  in  the  army  he 
married,  on  August  23,  1864,  Miss  Sarah  E.  Forsey.  In 
1867  he  settled  in  Brooklyn,  and  now  resides  at  10 
First  place.  During  all  the  twenty-seven  years  of  his 
residence  in  this  city  he  has  been  connected  with  the 
Hanover  Fire  Insurance  Company,  of  which  he  is  assist- 
ant secretary.  He  enlisted,  on  December  24,  1863, 
in  the  14th  N.  Y.  Heavy  Artillery,  and  was  assigned  to 
Company  I.  This  regiment  was  of  the  3d  Brigade, 
I  St  Division  of  the  9th  Army  Corps,  but  he  was  also 
employed  on  detached  service  under  Major-Generals 
Dix  and  Hooker.  On  August  28,  1865,  he  received 
his  discharge.  On  April  17,  1885,  he  joined  Rankin 
Post,  No.  10,  Brooklyn.  In  it  he  has  served  as  sergeant- 
major,  senior  vice-commander,  and  in  1889  and  1890, 
as  commander  until  illness  compelled  him  to  resign  the 
office.  He  was  aide-de-camp  on  the  staffs  of  Depart- 
ment Commanders  Treadwell,  Curtis  and  F'reeman,  and 
on  the  staff  of  Commander-in-chief  Warner,  and  as 
assistant  inspector  he  served  on  the  staff  of  Department  Commander  Clarkson.  In  1888  he  was  made  first 
vice-chairman  of  the  memorial  and  executive  committee  of  Kings  County.  In  1S90  he  was  elected  presi- 
dent uf  the  14th  N.  Y.  Heavy  Artillery  Veteran  Association,  of  which  he  had  been  secretary.  He  is  also  a 
member  of  the  Society  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  Mistletoe  Lodge,  No.  647,  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  the  Prince 
Sdcicty,  of  Boston.     He  is  a  member  and  has  been  an  officer  in  the  Westminster  Presbyterian  Church. 


Charles  A.  Shaw. 


SECRET    ORDERS    AND    SPECIAL    SOCIETIES.  963 

American  enthusiasm  makes  such  frequent  demands  upon  the  pyrotechnist  that  his  business  not  only 
has  grown  to  nnmense  proportions,  but  also  has  embodied  much  of  art  ;  for,  in  addition  to  fiery  showers 
of  every  hue  he  produces  in  pictures  of  flame  outlines  and  shadings  and  colorings  that  might  worthily 
hve  on  the  pamter's  canvas,  instead  of  vanishing  in  the  ocean  of  air.  In  the  building  up  of  this  business 
and  the  development  of  its  artistic  features  Charles  Albert  Johnson  has  long  been  prominent  and  he 
IS  now  president  of  the  Consolidated  Fireworks  Company  of  America.  The  factory  of  this  company 
was  origmally  located  in  the  twenty-si.xth  ward  of  Brooklyn  and  occupied  twelve  acres  of  ground  ;  but 
under  his  efficient  administration  of  affairs  it  outgrew  its  quarters,  and  as  the  growth  of  improvements 
in  Brooklyn  forbade  extension  here,  new  works,  the  largest  of  the  kind  in  the  world,  were  built  on  Staten 
Island  in  1889.  The  company  has  stores  in  New  York  city  and  stores  and  factories  in  Boston  Mass 
Rochester,  N.  Y.,  Baltimore,  Md.,  Cincinnati,  O.,  Chicago,  111.,  and  St.  Louis,  Mo.     It  employs  1,200'  people 


Charles  A.  Johnson. 

in  its  manufacturing  operations.  Mr.  Johnson  has  lived  in  Brooklyn  since  1S70  and  his  residence  is  at  155 
Remsen  street.  He  was  born  in  New  York  city  on  September  14,  1S4S,  and  is  a  direct  descendant  of 
William  Johnson,  who  served  honorably  in  the  war  of  the  revolution.  After  studying  in  the  New  York 
public  schools  he  became  a  student  at  the  College  of  the  City  of  New  York  at  the  age  of  fourteen  years, 
being  the  youngest  member  of  his  class.  For  several  years  after  leaving  college  he  was  employed  by  Deni- 
son,  Suisse  &  Co.,  of  New  York,  importers  of  fancy  goods,  whom  he  left  on  the  death  of  his  father,  of  whose 
estate  he  was  executor.  A  little  later  he  returned  to  his  former  line  of  business  and  became  a  member  of 
the  firm  of  Nichols,  Lyon  &  Co.,  of  New  York.  He  next  became  treasurer  of  the  Unexcelled  Fireworks 
Company,  from  which  has  grown,  largely  through  his  personal  efforts,  the  Consolidated  Fireworks  Company 
of  America.  In  addition  to  this  he  is  largely  interested  in  coal  companies  in  Iowa,  Illinois  and  Colorado, 
and  also  in  other  enterprises.  He  is  a  member  of  several  social  and  other  organizations,  including  the  U.  S. 
Grant  Post,  No.  327,  G.  A.  R.,  of  which  he  is  an  associate  member,  the  Montauk  and  Crescent  Athletic 
clubs,  and  the  Adirondack  Preserve  Association.  He  married,  on  May  7,  1870,  Miss  Elizabeth  A.  Nichols, 
daughter  of  the  late  Charles  M.  Nichols,  of  Brooklyn.  He  is  a  lover  of  fishing  and  other  aquatic  sports ;  and 
he  has  one  of  the  finest  summer  residences  at  the  Thousand  Islands,  on  the  St.  Lawrence  River  ;  he  spends 


964 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 


George  A.  Hussev. 


much  of  his  tune  there  from  June  to  October  of  each  year,  and  is  identified  in  a  business  way  with  that 
famous  resort  by  a  large  interest  which  he  hokls  in  the  Frontenac,  one  of  the  popular  hotels  on  the  river. 
Captain  George  A.  Hussf.y,  the  historian  of  the  9th  Regiment,  N.  G.,  S.  N.  Y.,  is  one  of  the  best 
known  comrades  of  the  Grand  Army  in  Brooklyn  and  New  York.  He  is  the  son  of  George  T.  Hussey,  of 
New  York,  in  which  city  he  was  born  on  December  23,  1843.     His  parents  moved  to  this  city  and  he  studied 

at  Brooklyn  public  schools  and  at  the  Polytechnic  Institute.  He  subse- 
quently traveled  extensively  and  studied  in  Europe.  The  excitement  of 
the  civil  war  caused  him  to  abandon  his  studies  and  return  to  the  United 
States.  He  enlisted  in  Company  I,  9th  Regiment  N.  Y.  S.  M.  (83d  N.  Y. 
Volunteers)  on  June  17,  1861,  and  served  with  that  organization  until 
November  17,  1862,  when  he  was  promoted  to  be  lieutenant  of  Com- 
pany I,  103d  Volunteers.  On  June  i,  1863,  he  was  made  captain  of  Com- 
pany E,  of  the  same  reigiment,  serving  until  November  18,  when  he  was 
honorably  discharged.  He  again  entered  the  service  with  Company  A, 
165th  N.  Y.  Volunteers,  and  was  honorably  discharged  at  the  close  of  the 
war,  with  a  service  record  of  three  years,  nine  months  and  twelve  days. 
During  that  period  he  participated  in  the  engagements  at  Cedar  Mountain, 
Rappahannock  Station,  Thoroughfare  Gap,  and  in  the  second  Bull  Run 
fight,  where  he  was  wounded  in  the  left  breast.  He  was  in  the  siege  of 
Suffolk,  where  he  was  again  wounded,  and  in  the  engagements  at  Han- 
(jver  Court  House  and  Deep  Bottom,  and  through  the  entire  campaign  in 
the  Shenandoah  Valley,  under  Sheridan.  After  the  war  he  was  among  the 
first  to  join  the  ranks  of  the  Grand  Army,  and  he  was  commander  of  Gen. 
James  G.  McPherson  Post  from  1887  until  1S90,  inclusive.  He  has  been  president  of  the  Veteran  Associ- 
ation of  the  9th  N.  Y.  Regiment  since  18S8.  For  five  years  he  gave  his  services  gratuitously,  together  with 
William  Todd,  in  compiling  a  history  of  his  regiment,  which  was  published  in  1889.  In  civil  life  his  first 
business  experience  was  in  connection  with  his  father's  express  business,  but  he  left  that  employ  for  the 
^Merchants'  Union  Express  Company,  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  when  that  company  retired  from  business  he 
became  an  employee  of  the  Fourth  National  Bank  of  New  York  and  served  that  institution  long  and  faith- 
fully. He  is  now  employed  in  the  United  States  sub-treasury  in  New  York.  In  1875  he  married  Miss  Carrie 
E.  St.  John,  of  Brooklyn.  He  has  been  a  National  guardsman  continuously  since  the  war,  and  was  eleven 
years  a  captain  in  the  9th  Regiment,  N.  G.,  S.  N.  Y.,  the  regiment  in  which  he   saw  his  first  war  service. 

Henry  Roswei.l  He.\th,  of  U.  S.  Grant  Post,  is 
descended  from  an  English  family  that  settled  near 
Roxbury,  Mass.,  in  the  early  portion  of  the  seven- 
teenth century  and  gave  many  good  citizens  to  the 
Bay  State  commonwealth,  among  whom  was  Major- 
Cleneral  William  Heath,  of  revolutionary  fame.  He 
was  born  in  Tyringham,  Berkshire  County,  Mass.,  on 
April  I,  1845,  and  was  educated  at  the  public  schools 
of  Massachusetts  and  Connecticut,  at  Claverack  Col- 
lege, and  at  Eastinan's  Business  College.  Early  in 
the  days  of  the  civil  war  he  enlisted  in  Company  A, 
20th  Mass.  Volunteers,  which  was  facetiously  called  the 
"  Massachusetts  Literary  Company,"  because  Oliver 
Wendell  Holmes,  Jr.,  and  Charles  A.  Whittier,  a  near 
relative  of  the  great  poet,  were  among  its  officers. 
The  regiment  reached  Washington  on  September  7, 
1861.  It  was  assigned  to  duty  in  the  2d  Army  Corps, 
under  the  command  of  General  Charles  P.  Stone  of 
the  army  of  the  Potomac.  On  October  21  of  the  same 
year,  the  Massachusetts  men  took  an  active  part  in 
the  battle  of  Ball's  Bluff,  where  Mr.  Heath  was  injured 
and  taken  prisoner  ;  his  experience  in  the  south  was 
that  of  many  thousands  of  Union  men  who  lived  to 
tell  the  story  of  Libby  prison  and  the  pens  at  Ander- 
sonville.  In  February,  1862,  he  was  exchanged  and 
returned  to  Washington,  with  health  seriously  im- 
paired, and   the  army  surgeons  sent  him  home   on   a  henry  r.  heath. 


SECRET    ORDERS    AND    SPECIAL    SOCIETIES.  965 

furlough.  At  the  expiration  of  his  leave  of  absence  he  reported  for  duty,  but  was  discharged  from  the 
service  on  account  of  deteriorated  health  on  April  14,  1862.  From  1863  until  1875  he  spent  the  most  of 
his  time  in  mercantile  pursuits  in  New  York  ;  but  during  a  part  of  that  period  and  until  the  close  of 
1877  he  was  interested  to  a  considerable  extent  in  banking  establishments  in  Minnesota.  In  1876  he 
aided  in  founding  the  Empire  Transportation  Company  and  has  been  connected  with  its  management 
ever  since,  being  now  a  director  and  secretary.  He  has  also  interested  himself  extensively  in  tele- 
graph and  manufacturing  companies  :  he  is  president  of  the  People's  District  Telegraph  Company,  a 
director  in  the  Brooklyn  District  Telegraph  Company,  treasurer  and  trustee  of  the  Maple  Grove  Cemetery 
Association,  and  a  director  of  the  Westcott  Chuck  Company.  In  1S70  he  bought  "Nobby  Island,"  one  of 
the  Thousand  Islands,  near  Alexandria  Bay,  N.  Y.,  and  there  located  his  summer  home,  beginning  a  pioneer 
among  those  who  converted  the  charming  isles  of  the  St.  Lawrence  into  a  fashionable  resort,  "in  1877  he 
became  a  resident  of  Brooklyn.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Edgewood  Park  Club,  the  Anglers'  Association  of 
the  St.  Lawrence  River,  the  Brooklyn  Union  League  Club,  the  New  England  Society,  of  this  city,  the  Long 
Island  Historical  Society,  and  the  Brooklyn  Young  Republican  Club.  His  church  membership  is  in  the 
Lafayette  Avenue  Presbyterian  Church.  He  is  a  member  of  the  advisory  board  of  the  Brooklyn  Maternity, 
and  has,  for  a  number  of  years,  been  president  of  the  Alumni  Association  of  Claverack  College,  of  which 
he  is  a  trustee. 

One  of  the  remarkable  things  about  the  Grand  Army  is  that  so  many  of  its  members,  veterans  of  the 
war  that  ended  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago,  are  still  comparatively  young  men  ;  and  of  this  class 
is  George  H.  J.\ckson,  who,  since  1886,  has  been  repeatedly  elected  as  recording  secretary  of  the  me- 
morial committee  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  of  Brooklyn,  by  the  unanimous  vote  of  his  comrades. 
He  was  born  in  New  York  city  on  June  2,  1848,  and  learned  the  trade  of  printer.  On  July  25,  1863,  he 
enrolled  as  bugler  in  Company  D,  i8th  N.  Y.  volunteer  cavalry,  and  after  serving  several  months  was 
reduced  to  the  ranks  at  his  own  request,  as  he  wished  to  be  in  line  of  promotion.  At  Mansfield,  La., 
on  April  8,  1864,  while  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Sabine  Pass,  his  horse  was  killed  under  him,  but  he  secured 
another  and  reported  for  duty  the  next  day.  At  Pleasant  Hill,  La.,  he  was  again  unhorsed  and  was 
wounded  in  the  leg,  which  resulted  in  his  being  sent  to  the  rear,  but  he  reported  for  duty  the  next  morning 
and,  although  suffering  fromhis  wound,  was  determined  to  remain  with  his  company.  His  bravery  was  at  once 
recognized  by  his  promotion  to  the  rank  of  sergeant,  and  after  participating  in  a  number  of  other  engage- 
ments he  was  honorably  discharged  at  Victoria,  Texas,  on  May  31,  1866,  as  first  sergeant  of  the  company. 
Resuming  civil  life,  he  entered  the  employ  of  Russell  Brothers,  printers,  of  Duane  street.  New  York.  He 
became  a  charter  member  of  James  H.  Perry  Post,  No.  89,  G.  A.  R.,  of  Brooklyn,  in  which  he  served  four  years 
as  adjutant  and  one  year  as  commander.  When  George  C.  Strong  Post,  No.  534,  was  formed,  he  was  one  of 
the  charter  members  ;  and  in  that  post  he  served  five  years  and  six  months  as  officer  of  the  day  and  one 
year  as  adjutant.  He  is  secretary  of  the  board  of  relief  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  in  Brooklyn, 
and  is  clerk  of  the  pension  committee  of  the  general  body. 

Henry  W.  Knight,  past  commander  of  U.  S.  Grant  Post,  joined  that  organization  on  January  30, 1883 
and  has  been  one  of  its  most  useful  members.  He  was  elected  commander  in  1887.  Born  in  England 
in  1847,  he  emigrated  to  Canada  with  his  widowed  mother  when  he  was  eight  years  old,  and  was  left  an 
orphan  soon  afterward.  Two  years  of  apprenticeship  to  a  farmer  proved  so  unsatisfactory  that  he  ran 
away  and  reached  Biddeford,  Me.,  where  he  worked  as  a  printer's  apprentice  until  November,  1862,  when  he 
enlisted  in  the  7th  Regiment  Me.  Infantry  Volunteers.  He  participated  in  nearly  all  the  great  battles  in 
which  the  6th  Army  Corps  was  engaged,  and  he  was  wounded  twice  in  the  battle  of  Chancellorsville.  In 
the  latter  part  of  1864  he  was  transferred  to  the  Veteran  Reserve  Corps,  and  on  June  5,  1865,  he  was  mus- 
tered out  of  the  service.  Soon  after  the  close  of  the  war  he  engaged  in  the  book  business  in  New  York. 
For  sixteen  years  he  has  been  a  resident  of  Brooklyn.  In  1889  he  received  the  Republican  nomination  for 
alderman-at-large,  and  ran  several  thousand  votes  ahead  of  the  ticket.  He  is  a  prominent  member  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  in  1888  was  a  member  of  the  general  conference  of  that  denomination. 
On  May  5,  1869,  he  married  Miss  Teresa  O.  Taylor,  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

George  R.  Baldwin,  past  commander  of  Clarence  D.  MacKenzie  Post,  is  auditor  and  book-keeper  of 
the  first  internal  revenue  district.  He  is  a  veteran  of  the  old  volunteer  fire  department,  of  Brooklyn.  He 
is  also  a  prominent  man  in  masonic  circles,  and  a  member  of  several  clubs  and  associations,  among  them 
being  Fort  Greene  Council,  Royal  Arcanum  ;  Stella  Lodge,  F.  &  A.  M.  ;  Orient  Chapter,  R.  A.  M.;  Cecil 
Council,  Knights  of  St.  John  and  Malta;  Home  Circle  Council,  Ancient  Order  of  Foresters;  the  Juanita 
Club  ;  Volunteer  Firemen's  and  Veteran  Volunteer  Firemen's  associations  ;  the  Society  of  Old  Brooklyn- 
ites,  and  the  139th  Regiment  Volunteer  Association.  He  was  born  in  the  fifth  ward,  of  Brooklyn,  on 
November  12,  1841.  After  leaving  school  he  went  into  a  real  estate  office,  where  he  remained  for  fifteen 
years  ;  then  he  engaged  in  the  iron  business  for  three  years,  and  at  the  end  of  that  time  was  appointed  hall 
keeper  in  the  county  penitentiary  ;  two  years  later  he  was  made  clerk  and  steward  of  the  Kings  County 


gg  THE    EAGLE   AND    BROOKLYN. 

Hospital  at  Flatbush.  He  was  deputy  collector  of  internal  revenue  seven  years.  When  the  war  began  he 
enlisted  in  the  139th  Regiment,  N.  Y.  Volunteers,  and  was  honorably  discharged  from  the  service  when 
peace  was  declared.     He  married  Miss  Mary  E.Woodward,  of  Brooklyn,  on  August  15,  1861. 

Prompt  action,  following  a  happy  thought,  gave  to  U.  S.  Grant  Post  the  illustrious  name  which  it  bears; 
and  the  city  of  Brooklyn  owes  to  Hf.nrv  M.  Calvert  the  distinction  of  possessing  the  first  Grand  Army  post 
in  the  country  to  be  named  in  honor  of  the  great  commander-in-chief.  Much  as  the  veterans  may  love  and 
revere  a  former  commander,  or  comrade,  the  law  of  their  order  forbids  the  naming  of  any  post  after  a  man 
who  is  living,  and  therefore  it  is  that  the  names  of  the  posts  represent  only  those  men  for  whom  taps 
have  been  sounded,  which  explains  the  fact  that  there  was  no  U.  S.  Grant  post  in  the  country  until 
Grant  himself  was  lying  dead  at  Mt.  McGregor.  The  Brooklyn  post  which  bears  the  name  was  already 
organized,  and  Mr.  Calvert  was  its  commander,  when,  in  1885,  the  General  died.  Mr.  Calvert  went  at  once 
to'the  department  commander,  and  secured  the  necessary  permission  for  the  assumption  by  the  post  of  the 
dead  chieftain's  name.  This  post  was  selected  as  the  guard  of  honor  for  the  body  of  General  Grant,  and 
it  was  Commander  Calvert's  duty  to  choose  the  thirteen  gentlemen  of  Brooklyn  who  escorted  the  body 
from  Mt.  McGregor  to  Riverside  Park.  Every  Decoration  Day  since  then  U.  S.  Grant  Post  has  had  the 
place  of  honor  at  the  hero's  tomb.  Mr.  Calvert  was  born  at  St.  Lucia,  British  West  Indies,  on  March  28, 
1834,  and  was  educated  in  England  under  private  tutors.  Coming  to  America  in  1862,  he  enlisted  as  a 
private  in  Scott's  900th  Volunteer  Cavalry,  which  was  known  later  as  the  nth  N.  Y.  Cavalry;  he  served 
until  July,  1865,  rising  through  successive  grades  to  be  first  lieutenant  and  acting  major.  After  the  war  he 
was  employed  in  the  establishment  of  H.  B.  Claflin  &  Co.,  of  New  York,  in  which  he  holds  the  position  of 
disbursing  teller.  Besides  being  an  active  and  popular  member  of  the  Grand  Army,  he  is  a  member  of  the 
Union  League  Club,  of  which  he  was  one  of  the  founders.  He  is  an  Episcopalian  and  a  member  of  the 
advisory  board  of  St.  Catharine's  school  ;  he  has  been  a  vestryman  of  St.  Bartholomew's  Church  since  its 
incorporation,  and  is  senior  warden. 

By  association  with  his  comrades  of  George  C.  Strong  Post,  No.  534,  G.  A.  R.,  William  Darling  White 
freshens  the  memories  of  campaigning  for  the  Union  as  a  member  of  the  4th  N.  Y.  Volunteers.  He 
enlisted  in  that  regiment  in  April,  186 1,  and  served  with  it  through  the  war.  He  is  a  native  of  Brooklyn, 
where  he  was  born  on  May  27,  1837.  E.xcepting  the  time  when  he  was  a  soldier  he  has  been  engaged  all  his 
life,  since  leaving  school  in  1854,  in  the  railroad  and  real  estate  business. 

UNION  VETERAN    LEGION. 

The  Union  Veteran  Legion  was  organized  at  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  in  March,  1884,  as  a  local  society,  but  a 
national  organization  was  perfected  on  November  17,  1886,  with  twelve  encampments  in  four  states. 
Encampments  are  now  organized  in  eighteen  states  and  the  District  of  Columbia.  Between  October  15, 
1891,  and  June,  1892,  twenty  additional  encampments  were  organized.  To  be  eligible  to  membership  the 
applicant  must  have  been  an  officer,  soldier,  sailor,  or  marine  of  the  Union  army,  navy,  or  marine  corps 
who  volunteered  prior  to  July  i,  1863,  for  a  term  of  three  years,  and  was  honorably  discharged,  for  any 
cause,  after  a  service  of  at  least  two  continuous  years  ;  or  was,  at  any  time,  discharged  by  reason  of  wounds 
received  in  the  line  of  duty.  Persons  who  volunteered  for  a  term  of  two  years  prior  to  July  22,  1861,  and 
served  their  full  term  of  enlistment,  unless  discharged  for  wounds  received  in  the  line  of  duty,  are  also 
eligible  ;  but  no  drafted  person,  nor  substitute,  nor  any  one  who  has  at  any  time  borne  arms  against  the 
United  States,  is  eligible.  A  statement  by  the  adjutant-general  of  the  Legion  says:  "It  is  believed  that 
those  who  entered  the  service  prior  to  July,  1863,  had  but  one  object  in  view ;  and  that  was  the  preservation 
of  the  Union.  There  were  no  bounties  prior  to  that  date,  nor  were  there  any  fears  of  a  draft;  conse- 
quently those  who  shouldered  a  musket  or  wielded  a  sabre  felt  that  it  was  a  sacred  duty  to  offer  their  lives 
in  defense  of  their  country's  honor."  The  objects  of  the  legion  are  the  cultivation  of  true  devotion  to 
American  government  and  institutions,  the  moral,  social,  and  intellectual  improvement  of  its  members  and 
their  relief,  and  the  relief  of  their  widows  and  orphans  in  sickness  and  distress,  and  its  further  purpose  is, 
all  things  being  equal,  to  give  preference  to  its  members  in  all  business  relations,  and  to  assist  them  as  far 
as  possible  in  honorable  ways. 

The  national  commander  of  the  Union  Veteran  Legion,  Major  Joseph  E.  Palmer,  Jr.,  was  born  in 
New  York  city  in  1843,  but  has  been  a  resident  of  Brooklyn  since  1S49.  His  taste  for  military  science  was 
early  developed,  and  after  obtaining  a  rudimentary  education  at  home  he  was  sent  to  the  scientific  and 
military  institute  at  Danbury,  Conn.,  where  he  soon  became  second  lieutenant  of  the  cadet  corps.  He 
was  graduated  in  1859  with  high  honors,  and  chose  the  profession  of  law  and  remained  a  student  until 
April,  1861.  When  the  dark  cloud  of  civil  war  first  cast  its  shadow  on  the  land,  he  was  a  resident  of  the 
Eastern  District  of  Brooklyn  and  drilled  the  first  body  of  volunteers  enlisted  in  that  part  of  the  city  and 
afterwards  himself  enlisted  in  the  158th  N.  Y.  Regiment.  Upon  the  arrival  of  his  regiment  on  the  Virginia 
side  of  the  Potomac,  he  was  warranted  a  sergeant  of  Company  G,  and  three  months  later  he  was  made 


SECRET   ORDERS   AND    SPECIAL   SOCIETIES.  967 

sergeant-major  and  advanced  rapidly  through  the  grades  of  second  lieutenant  and  first  lieutenant,  serving 
as  regimental  quartermaster,  acting  adjutant,  post  adjutant,  commandant  of  Company  C,  acting  commissary 
of  subsistence,  provost-marshal,  and  member  of  the  examining  board  for  the  promotion  of  officers  and 
enlisted  men.  He  rendered  excellent  service  as  aide-de-camp  and  as  assistant  adjutant-general  on  brigade 
and  division  staff.  He  was  twice  promoted  on  the  field,  and  twice  brevetted  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
conduct  in  the  Virginia  campaigns.  In  July,  1865,  after  three  years  of  active  service,  he  retired  with  the 
rank  of  major  of  volunteers.  Since  the  war  he  has  held  various  positions  under  the  general  and  municipal 
governments  and  devoted  a  portion  of  his  time  to  painting  and  book  illustrating.  He  has  been  connected 
editorially  with  several  newspapers.  For  a  number  of  years  he  has  been  engaged  in  the  railroad  business  and 
he  is  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Brooklyn  and  Rockaway  Beach  Railroad  Company  and  of  the  Fulton 
Elevated  Railway  Company,  being  also  secretary  to  General  James  Jourdan,  president  of  the  Kings  County 
Elevated  Railway  Company. 

William  W.  Beavan  was  among  the  boys  of  Brooklyn  who,  prompted 
by  patriotism,  volunteered  and  fought  for  the  Union.  Although  only 
seventeen  years  of  age,  too  young  to  gain  his  father's  consent  to  his 
being  a  soldier,  he  enlisted  as  a  drummer-boy  in  the  13th  Regiment,  in 
1861,  and  the  following  year  he  became  a  private  in  Company  C,  139th 
N.  Y.  Volunteers.  Eighteen  months  later  he  was  placed  in  the  drum  corps 
of  that  regiment,  and  he  served  there  until  the  end  of  the  war.  After 
being  mustered  out  he  became  a  drummer  in  Company  I,  23d  Regiment, 
N.  G.,  S.  N.  Y.;  later,  he  was  appointed  drum  major  of  the  56th  Regiment, 
and  remained  with  it  until  it  was  disbanded.  During  the  succeeding  six 
years  he  filled  a  similar  post  in  the  23d  Regiment  and  then  resigned.  He 
was  reappointed  in  1879  and  acted  until  18S4,  when  he  retired,  after 
serving  honorably  more  than  twenty-two  years.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
War  Veterans'  Association  of  the  old  139th  Regiment;  23d  Regiment 
Veterans;  Charles  R.  Doane  Post,  No.  499,  G.  A.  R.,  and  Encampment  No. 

70,  Union  Veteran  Legion.    He  was  born  in  New  York  city  in  1844,  came 

i-oii  -^ui.-  1.1  L  -1^  r  1  William  W.  Beavan. 

to  Brooklyn  with  his  parents  when  he  was  eight  years  of  age,  and  was 

educated  at  the  public  schools  of  this  city.     His  father  established  a  wall  paper   manufacturing  business 

in  the  early  fifties,  and  a  painting  and  decorating  business  in  Brooklyn  in  1858,  and  when  young  Beavan 

left  school  he  began  to  learn  his  father's  trade.    He  left  it  to  become  a  soldier,  resumed  it  when  he  returned 

from  the  front,  and,  when  the  father  died,  in  1883,  he  took  control  of  the  business. 

Encampment  No.  85  of  the  Union  Veteran  Legion  has  as  a  member  Captain  W.  L.  D.  O'Grady,  who  not 
only  distinguished  himself  in  defending  the  stars  and  stripes  during  the  war  of  secession,  but  who  previously 
served  under  the  English  flag.  His  father,  R.  W.  O'Grady,  was  captain  of  the  34th  Madras  Native  Infantry 
and  afterwards  attained  the  rank  of  major-general.  The  son  was  born  on  April  17,  1841,  at  Bangalore, 
India,  where  his  father  was  stationed;  upon  reaching  a  suitable  age  he  was  sent  to  Europe  and  was  educated 
in  home  schools.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  was  commissioned  second  lieutenant  in  the  Royal  Marines 
Light  Infantry,  but  resigned  on  December  24,  1859,  and  went  to  New  Orleans,  where  he  joined  Walker's  disas- 
trous second  expedition  into  Honduras.  On  December  5,  1861,  he  came  to  New  York,  and  two  hours  after 
reaching  the  city  enlisted  as  a  private  in  Company  C,  8Sth  N.  Y.  Volunteers.  On  account  of  gallant  ser- 
vices at  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg  he  was  made  second  lieutenant,  and  on  October  14,  1863,  during  the 
engagement  at  Bristol  Station,  he  was  promoted  to  a  captaincy.  He  was  discharged  on  March  10,  1864,  on 
account  of  impaired  sight.  He  received  six  wounds  while  in  service;  two  at  Antietam,  three  at  Fredericks- 
burg, and  a  sabre  cut  at  Morristown,  Va.  Soon  after  leaving  the  army  he  returned  to  the  land  of  his  birth 
and  obtained  a  position  in  the  Bank  of  Madras,  of  which  he  was  soon  promoted  to  the  position  of  deputy 
inspector  of  branches.  But  his  health  failed  him  and  it  became  necessary  for  him  to  return  to  America. 
For  a  time  he  was  employed  as  a  journalist  and  was  among  the  incorporators  of  the  New  York  Press  Club ; 
he  now  fills  a  responsible  position  in  the  city  clerk's  office. 

Thomas  Clifford  McKean,  adjutant-general  of  the  Union  Veteran  Legion,  was  born  in  Baltimore, 
Md.,  on  July  31,  1844.  On  April  15,  1861,  he  joined  Company  I  of  the  20th  Pennsylvania  Volunteers  as  a 
drummer  boy.  On  August  20  of  that  year  he  enlisted  for  three  years,  or  the  war,  as  a  private  in  Company 
H,  31st  (afterwards  the  82d)  Pa.  Volunteers.  In  December,  1861,  he  was  detailed  to  the  signal  corps.  He 
passed  through  all  the  warrant  grades  and  was  commissioned  second  lieutenant  of  Company  H,  82d  Pa. 
Volunteers,  on  March  20,  1863;  first  lieutenant  on  May  4,  1863,  and  captain  on  June  3,  1864.  In  September 
of  the  latter  year  he  was  transferred  to  the  staff  and  acted  as  aide-de-camp  until  mustered  out  of  service 
on  July  25,  1865,  having  been  brevetted  major  for  gallantry  at  Cold  Harbor  and  meritorious  service.  He 
received  two  wounds  during  the  war.      On  the  organization  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  he  joined 


968 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


Harry  Lee  Post,  No.  21.  He  afterward  took  a  large  part  in  the  organization  of  Charles  R.  Doane  Post, 
No.  499,  which  he  commanded  for  four  consecutive  years.  He  is  now  a  comrade  of  General  James  B. 
McPherson  Post,  No.  614.  In  lune,  1890,  he  was  mustered  into  Encampment,  No.  70,  of  the  Union  Veteran 
Legion  and  was  immediately  elected  adjutant  of  the  encampment,  holding  that  office  until  October,  1891, 
when  he  was  made  adjutant-general.  From  October,  1S90,  till  October,  1891,  he  was  the  chief  mustering 
officer  of  the  Legion. 

SONS  OF  THE   REVOLUTION. 

In  January,  1876,  a  few  patriotic  gentlemen  of  this  vicinity  resolved  on  the  organization  of  the  Society 
of  the  Sons  of  the  Revolution,  the  object  of  which  should  be  to  perpetuate  the  memory  of  men  who  in  the 
military,  naval,  or  civil  service  of  the  colonies  and  of  the  continental  congress,  aided  in  establishing  the  in- 
dependence of  their  country.  The  society  also  devotes  its  energies  to  securing  the  proper  celebration  of 
the  birthday  of  Washington  and  all  prominent  events  connected  with  the  war  of  the  revolution,  and  to  col- 
lecting historic  papers  of  the  revolutionary  period.  The  society  was  formed  on  February  22,  1876,  reor- 
ganized on  December  4,  18S3,  and  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  York  on  May  3,  1884, 
by  John  Austin  Stephens,  John  Cochran,  Austin  Huntington,  George  H.  Potts,  Frederick  Samuel  Talmadge, 
George  W.  W.  Houghton,  Asa  Bird  Gardner,  Thomas  Henry  Edsall,  Joseph  W.  Dre.xel,  James  Mortimer 
Montgomery,  Jariies  Duane  Livingston,  J.  Bleecker  Miller,  and  Ale.xander  R.  Thompson,  Jr.  John  Austin 
Stevens  was  its  first  president.  Frederick  Samuel  Talmadge,  a  grandson  of  Major  and  Brevet-Lieutenant 
Colonel  Benjamin  Talmadge,  succeeded  to  the  presidency  upon  Mr.  Stevens'  retirement  in  1S84,  and  still 
holds  the  office.  The  society  steadily  increased  in  numbers  and  at  the  time  of  the  centennial  celebration 
of  1889  had  about  400  members.  It  now  has  more  than  1,000  names  on  its  rolls.  The  requisites  of  mem- 
bership are  that  the  applicant  can  prove  his  descent  from  an  ancestor  who  was  in  the  service  of  any  of  the 
colonies  or  of  the  general  government  between  1775  ^'""^1  17S3,  either  as  a  soldier,  sailor,  marine,  or  civil 
official.  Similar  societies  were  formed  in  various  states,  which  demonstrated  the  need  of  a  national  organi- 
zation, and  this  was  perfected  in  Washington,  D.  C,  on  April  19,  1890.  The  general  society  is  divided  into 
state  societies  and  consists  of  the  general  officers  and  five  deputies  from  each  state  society.  It  has  a 
regular  meeting  every  three  years  at  which  the  general  officers  are  chosen.  Societies  now  exist  in 
the  states  of  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  Iowa,  New  Jersey,  Georgia,  Massachusetts,  Colorado,  Kan- 
sas, Maryland,  and  in  the  District  of  Columbia.  The  New  York  society  having  been  organized  prior  to 
any  of  the  other  societies,  has  members  in  every  state.  The  total  membership  is  now  about  2,500.  Its 
present  officers  are :  Frederick  S.  Talmadge,  president  ;  Brevet  Lieutenant-Colonel  Floyd  Clarkson, 
vice-president;  James  Mortimer  Montgomery,  secretary  ;   Edward  Tranchard,  assistant  secretary;   Arthur 

Melvin  Hatch,  treasurer. 

The  youngest  of  a  large  family,  John  Lindsay 
HiLi,,  son  of  the  late  Nicholas  Hill,  establishes  his 
right  to  membership  in  the  Sons  of  the  Revolution  on 
a  basis  such  as  few  others  in  that  organization  can 
claim.  He  is  the  son  of  a  man  who,  entering  the  con- 
tinental army  as  a  drummer  boy,  at  the  age  of  ten, 
served  through  the  revolutionary  days  and  eventu- 
ally received  an  honorable  discharge  with  the  rank 
of  sergeant.  John  L.  Hill  was  born  at  Florida,  Mont- 
gomery County,  N.  Y.,  on  October  3,  1840.  His  great- 
grandfather, who  lived  in  the  vicinity  of  Schenectady 
about  the  middle  of  the  eighteenth  century,  was  a 
native  of  Londonderry  and  once  dared  to  utter  some 
expression  derogatory  to  the  king,  for  which  offence  he 
was  publicly  whipped  in  the  presence  of  his  wife  and 
children.  Soon  after  his  death  his  sons,  Harry  and 
Nicholas,  in  the  winter  of  1776-7,  entered  the  patriot 
army  as  drummer  boys,  although  the  former  was  only 
eight  years  old  and  the  latter,  the  father  of  John  L. 
Hill,  was  but  two  years  his  brother's  senior.  Nicholas 
Hill  experienced  all  the  hardships  that  fell  to  the  lot 
of  those  who  went  forth  to  do  battle  with  insufficient 
resources  and  equipments,  against  the  armies  that 
England  sent  across  the  waters  to  reduce  her  recal- 
citrant colonies  to  obedience.  On  one  occasion,  dur- 
NiciioLAs  Hill.  jng   the  winter  of   1777,  he   traveled  on  foot  from  a 


SECRET    ORDERS    AND    SPECIAL   SOCIETIES. 


969 


John  L.  Hill. 


point  in  the  Mohawk  Valley  near  Canajoharie,  to  the 
headquarters  of  the  patriot  forces  at  Albany,  bearing 
the  news  that  the  British  meditated  an  attack  upon 
Fort  Stanwix.  He  nearly  perished  during  that  season 
of  fearful  suffering  in  the  snows  of  Valley  Forge 
before  the  kindness  of  that  noble  German,  Baron 
Steuben,  relieved  him  from  much  of  the  discomfort 
and  hardship  sustained  by  his  less  fortunate  comrades. 
He  ate  at  the  baron's  table,  was  clothed  from  Steu- 
ben's wardrobe,  supplied  with  money  from  the  gen- 
erous soldier's  purse  and  eventually  offered  the  honor 
of  adoption  by  his  benefactor  ;  but  the  last  he  de- 
clined. After  serving  in  the  campaigns  against  the 
Indians  in  the  northern  portion  of  New  York  state 
he  was  sent  south  and  was  present  at  the  siege  of 
Yorktown  and  the  subsequent  surrender  of  Cornwallis. 
After  the  war  he  revisited  Schenectady  to  find  that  his 
mother,  for  whose  sake  he  had  refused  the  proferred 
kindness  of  Steuben,  had  died  some  years  previously. 
He  returned  to  the  home  of  his  boyhood  with  the 
rank  of  sergeant  and  with  an  honorable  discharge 
signed  by  General  Washington.  Setthng  at  Florida, 
Montgomery  County,  he  married  and  led  the  life  of 
a  farmer  until  1803,  when  he  was  ordained  as  a  min- 
ister of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  For  the 
ne.Yt  thirty  years  he  labored  zealously  as  an  itinerant 
preacher.  He  died  in  1857.  His  son,  John  L.  Hill,  was  educated  at  the  district  schools  of  his  birthplace,  at 
Jonesville  Academy  and  at  Union  College,  from  which  he  graduated  with  the  class  of  1861.  He  then  taught 
school  for  twelve  months.  Determined  to  become  a  lawyer,  he  first  entered  the  office  of  Cornelius  A. 
Waldron,  ex-surrogate  of  Saratoga  County,  and  afterwards  that  of  Judge  Stephen  H.  Johnston  at  Schenec- 
tady, with  whom  he  remained  as  a  partner  for  a  year  after  his  admission  to  the  bar  in  1862.  Having  served 
as  district  attorney  for  Schenectady  County,  he  came  to  New  York  in  July,  1868,  and  making  his  home  in 
Brooklyn,  began  the  practice  of  law  in  the  former  city  in  partnership  with  ex-Congressman  Guy  R.  Pelton. 
In  1873  he  joined  the  firm  of  Barrett,  Redfield  &  Hill  ;  in  1876  that  of  Redfield  &  Hill,  and  later  formed  his 
present  connection  as  partner  in  the  firm  of  Lockwood  &  Hill.  He  was  associated  with  ex-Senator  William 
M.  Evarts  in  the  Beecher-Tilton  trial.  He  is  a  Democrat,  but  connected  himself  actively  with  the  liberal 
Republican  movement  in  1872  which  sought  to  make  Horace  Greeley  president  of  the  United  States;  he  was 
a  candidate  for  the  assembly  on  the  Greeley  ticket.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Brooklyn,  Carleton,  and  Mon- 
tauk  clubs,  the  Brooklyn  Gun  Club,  the  Brooklyn  Bar  Association,  the  Brooklyn  Law  Library,  and  the 
Lawyers'  Club  and  Law  Institute  of  New  York.  At  Union  College  he  was  a  member  of  the  Alpha  Delta 
Phi  Society.  He  is  an  ardent  devotee  of  field  sports,  is  a  good  shot,  and  a  successful  fisherman.  In  his 
religious  life  he  has  been  prominently  identified  with  Plymouth  Church.  On  May  19,  1863,  he  married 
Miss  Adelaide  Eddy,  daughter  of  George  W.  Eddy,  of  Waterford,  N.  Y. 

James  Henry  Morgan  is  a  great-grandson  of  Captain  William  Avery  Morgan  who  served  with  the 
Connecticut  troops  throughout  the  revolutionary  war,  and  he  is  a  great-grandson  of  Captain  Joseph  Church- 
ill, of  the  3d  (Connecticut)  Regiment  of  the  line,  who  fought  at  the  battles  of  Long  Island  and  White 
Plains.  Indeed  the  annals  of  his  family  are  replete  with  instances  of  personal  sacrifices  and  service  in  the 
cause  of  the  nation.  His  grandfather.  Colonel  Avery  Morgan,  was  an  officer  in  the  war  of  1812  ;  his  eldest 
brother.  Colonel  Henry  Churchill  Morgan,  served  through  the  civil  war  as  an  officer  in  the  12th  United 
States  Infantry  and  is  now  on  the  retired  list ;  while  the  story  of  his  kinsman.  Governor  Edwin  D.  Morgan, 
forms  a  memorable  chapter  in  the  war  history  of  New  York  state.  When  closer  association  was  desired 
among  the  members  of  the  Sons  of  the  Revolution  resident  on  Long  Island  Mr.  Morgan  organized  a 
branch  from  the  parent  society  and  established  it  in  this  city.  He  has  held  the  chairmanship  of  the  Long 
Island  branch  ever  since.  He  was  born  in  Brooklyn  in  1853,  and  is  the  son  of  N.  Denison  Morgan.  He 
began  his  education  at  Colonel  Churchill's  military  academy  at  Sing  Sing  and  finished  it  at  the  Polytechnic 
Institute  in  this  city.  For  a  number  of  years  he  represented,  in  a  semi-official  capacity,  the  interests  which 
his  relative.  Governor  Morgan,  held  in  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company.  For  the  past  eight  years 
he  has  acted  as  general  special  agent  for  the  Northwestern  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company  in  New  York 
city.     Mr.  Morgan,  prior  to  becoming  a  resident  of   Flatbush,  where   he  now  resides,  was  prominent  in  all 


97° 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


notable  functions  of  Brooklyn  society.     He  is   a  member  of  the  New  York  Union  League   Club  and  at 
various  times  has  been  m<ire  or  less  actively  engaged  in  the  work  of  the  Brooklyn  Young  Republican  Club. 
He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Montauk  Club,  the  state  societies  of  the  Sons  of  the  Revolution  in  Connecticut 
and  New  York,  and  the  New  York   and  Pennsylvania  state  chapters  of  the  Military  Order  of  the  War  of 
iSi"     His  fondness  for  marine  recreation  has  made  him  an  enthusiastic  member  of  the  Atlantic  Yacht  Club. 
The  ancestry  of  Henry  Holdich  Morton,  M.  D.,  is  a  distinguished  one  and  entitles  him  to  promi- 
nence among  his   fellow  members   in   the   Sons   of   the   Revolution.      His  great-great-grandfather,   John 
Morton,  was  a  merchant  in  New  York  at  the  time  of 
the  revolutionary  war  and  sent  one  of  his  ships  with  a 
full  cargo  from  that  port  to  Philadelphia  with  instruc- 
tions that  both  be  sold  for  the  benefit  of  the  strug- 
gling colonies.     He  gave  other  important  financial  aid 
to  the  American  cause  and  earned   from  the   British 
the  sobriquet  of  the  "rebel  banker."     His  son,  Jacob 
Morton,  was  a  man  prominent  in  political  and  social 
life  in  New  York  city.     He  assisted  at  the  ceremony 
of    Washington's    first   inauguration  and    entertained 
Lafayette  in  his  house  upon  the  French  officer's  second 
visit  to  America.     He  was  major-general  in  the  New 
York    state    militia   and    commanded    the    troops    on 
Manhattan  Island  during  the  war  of  1S12.     Edmund 
Ludlow  Morton,  father  of  Henry  H.  Morton,  served 
as  a  lieutenant  in  the  American  navy  during  the  civil 
war  and  was  afterwards   extensively  engaged    in  the 
timber  and  brick  business  in  Hoboken,  N.  J.    Colonel 
Charles   Rumsey  and    Lieutenant    Shepard    Kollock, 
both  of  revolutionary  fame,  were  also  among  Dr.  Mor- 
ton's ancestors.      His  maternal    grandfather   was   the 
Rev.  Joseph   Holdich,  D.  D.,  an  eloquent  and   learned 
clergyman  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.    Henry 
H.  Morton  was  born  in  Hoboken,  N.  J.,  and  after  re- 
ceiving his  preliminary  education   in    New  York   was 
graduated  in  1882  from  the  Long  Island  College  Hos- 
pital ;  he  subsequently  served  a  year  as  resident  phy- 
sician and  surgeon  of  St.  Peter's  Hospital  in  this  city 
and  later  of  the  New  Haven  Hospital.    He  afterward  spent  some  time  in  post-graduate  study  in  New  York  and 
also  went  abroad,  studying  in  the  hospitals  of  Prague,  Munich,  and  Vienna.     He  began  practice  in  Brooklyn 
in  1887  and  now  resides  at  279  Clinton  street.     He  is  connected  with  the  Long  Island  College  and  Kings 
County  hospitals  and  the  Brooklyn  City  Dispensary,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Kings  County  Medical  and 
Brooklyn  Dermatological  societies,  the  Hospital  Graduates'  Club  of  Brooklyn,  the  Excelsior  Club,  and  the 
Brooklyn  Yacht  Club.      He   has  an  extensive  general  practice  and  devotes  a  good  deal  of  attention  to 
dermatology,  a  subject  upon  which  he  is  a  special  authority  in  several  institutions. 

The  services  rendered  to  the  nation  by  more  than  one  ancestor  of  Jacob  Cox  Parsons  give  that  gen- 
tleman the  right  to  membership  in  the  Sons  of  the  Revolution,  which  he  has  held  since  1S91.  His  grand- 
father, Jacob  Cox,  cast  in  his  lot  with  the  revolutionists  when  only  seventeen  years  old  and  took  part  in  the 
unlucky  fight  at  the  Brandywine,  serving  later  with  great  credit.  The  great-grandfather,  on  the  paternal 
side,  Hezekiah  Parsons,  was  one  of  the  earliest  to  volunteer  his  services  in  the  popular  cause  when  the  war 
for  independence  began,  and  was  a  gallant  officer.  Jacob  Cox  Parsons  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  on 
August  27,  1824,  and  came  to  New  York  early  in  life.  He  moved  from  that  city  to  Brooklyn  about  thirty 
years  ago.  He  has  been  engaged  in  the  banking  business  ever  since  his  boyhood.  He  was  the  founder  of 
the  Tree  Planting  Society  of  Brooklyn.     His  place  of  worship  is  Holy  Trinity  Church. 

It  was  at  one  time  a  current  remark  that  "American  independence  could  doubtless  have  been  achieved 
without  the  aid  of  the  Parsons,  of  Springfield,  but  at  any  rate  it  was  not."  Perhaps  no  member  of  the  Sons 
of  the  Revolution  can  claim  so  many  ancestors  and  family  connections  who  were  at  one  time  or  another 
associated  with  military  service  on  the  American  continent  as  Albert  Ross  Parsons,  who  is  a  descendant 
in  the  ninth  generation  from  Cornet  Joseph  Parsons,  who  was  a  subscribing  witness  to  the  deed  whereby  the 
Indians  in  1634  conveyed  to  Pynchon  and  his  companions  from  the  Massachusetts  Bay  Colony  all  the  land 
covered  by  and  surrounding  tlie  city  of  Springfield,  Mass.  In  every  war  in  which  the  colonies  and  the 
nation  have  been  engaged  some  members  of   the  family  have  participated.      Mr.  Parsons  was  born  at 


Henrv  H.  Morton,  M.  D. 


SECRET    ORDERS   AND    SPECIAL    SOCIETIES.  971 

Sandusky,  Ohio,  on  September  16,  1847.  His  musical  inclinations  were  awakened  at  the  age  of  four  by  the 
strains  of  a  guitar,  which  a  visitor  was  playing  in  his  home,  and  two  years  later  he  began  to  receive  piano- 
forte instruction  at  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  In  1858  his  father  removed  to  Indianapolis,  where  the  son  continued  his 
studies  in  a  private  class.  In  1863  he  came  to  New  York  to  prepare  himself  for  the  musical  profession,  and 
in  1867  he  went  to  Leipsic.  Two  years  later  he  moved  to  Berlin  where,  in  addition  to  his  studies,  he  per- 
formed the  duties  of  assistant  secretary  to  the  United  States  Minister,  George  Bancroft.  During  his  resi- 
dence abroad  he  devoted  much  attention  to  philosophy,  metaphysics,  sesthetics,  and  theology,  and  corres- 
ponded with  American  musical  publications,  for  whose  pages  he  translated  much  from  the  German.  His 
musical  compositions  are  many  and  varied,  and  their  excellence  is  universally  admitted.  He  is  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  Metropolitan  College  of  Music,  and  foundation  member,  incorporator,  e.xaminer  and  fellow  of 
the  American  College  of  Musicians  ;  member  of  the  New  York  Genealogical  and  Biographical  Society  and 
the  New  York  Historical  Society.  In  1890  he  held  the  presidency  of  the  National  Association  of  Profes- 
sional Musicians  and  the  American  Society  for  the  Promotion  of  Musical  Art.  In  religion  he  is  a  communi- 
cant of  the  Episcopal  Church. 

John  Peter  Heyliger  DeWint,  who  was  born  at  Newburgh,  N.  Y.,  in  November,  1855,  is  a  great-grand- 
son of  Lieutenant-Colonel  AVilliam  Stephen  Smith  (1755-1816),  who  was  appointed  aide-de-camp  to  Major- 
General  Sullivan,  with  the  rank  of  major,  in  August,  1776,  and  held  other  distinguished  positions  in  the 
American  army  ;  he  is  the  great-great-grandson  of  John  Adams,  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence.  After  receiving  the  rudiments  of  education  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  city,  he 
entered  Cornell  University  in  1875  '^'"'d  the  Columbia  Law  School  in  1878.  He  then  traveled  abroad  for  one 
year  in  order  to  complete  his  education.  Upon  his  return  to  this  country  he  began  the  practice  of  law, 
making  a  specialty  of  trust  and  estate  business.  He  has  a  handsome  summer  residence  at  Hempstead,  L.  I. 
His  wife  was  a  Miss  Berry,  of  Andover,  Mass.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Cincinnati  as  well  as  of 
the  Sons  of  the  Revolution. 

LONG   ISLAND  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 

With  the  object  of  collecting  everything  that  could  claim  appreciation  from  the  archaeologist  or  histo- 
rian, and  more  particularly  for  the  preservation  of  relics  connected  with  the  settlement  of  this  part  of  New 
York  state  by  the  white  man  and  the  career  of  his  Indian  predecessors,  the  Long  Island  Historical  Society 
was  founded  in  April,  1863.  The  institution  was  incorporated  under  its  present  title,  and  in  the  following 
June  began  its  career  in  two  rooms  in  the  Hamilton  building,  at  the  corner  of  Court  and  Joralemon  streets. 
The  first  ofBcers  were:  James  Carson  Brevoort,  president;  John  Greenwood,  first  vice-president;  Chas.  E. 
West,  second  vice-president;  Henry  C.  Murphy,  foreign  corresponding  secretary;  John  Winslow,  home 
corresponding  secretary;  Dr.  A.  Cook  Hull,  recording  secretary  ;  Charles  Congdon,  treasurer  :  Henry  R. 
Stiles,  librarian.  In  1864  the  annual  report  of  the  society  stated  the  possession  of  property  valued  at 
$15,000  and  announced  that  a  surplus  had  been  left  in  the  treasury  after  the  payment  of  all  expenses.  In 
1865  the  first  subscription  to  the  library  endowment  fund  came  from  the  Misses  Caroline  and  Ellen  Thurs- 
ton, who  gave  $2,000  to  establish,  in  memory  of  their  brother  Frederick,  a  department  of  books  relating  to 
the  history  of  Egypt,  Palestine,  and  Greece.  In  1867  the  directors  reported  that  this  fund  had  been 
increased  to  $61,250  and  invested  in  the  best  paying  securities  obtainable.  In  1868  three  vacant  lots  at 
the  southwest  corner  of  Pierrepont  and  Clinton  streets  were  purchased  by  the  society  at  a  cost  of  $32,500, 
but  a  period  of  depression  followed  which  retarded  the  progress  of  the  institution  for  a  time,  and  it 
was  not  until  December,  1880,  that  the  society's  present  building  at  Clinton  and  Pierrepont  streets  was 
ready  for  occupancy.  Formal  opening  ceremonies  were  held  in  January,  i88i.  The  structure  contains  a 
lecture  room  capable  of  seating  700  persons;  a  library,  the  shelves  of  which  contain  more  than  45,000  bound 
volumes  and  some  of  the  society's  greatest  treasures  in  manuscripts  and  letters  which  never  have  been 
published  and  have  been  acquired  at  a  considerable  outlay  of  time  and  expense;  two  parlors,  one  for  ladies 
and  the  other  for  gentlemen,  and  a  museum  of  natural  history  and  archasology.  At  various  times  the 
society  has  been  the  recipient  of  donations  and  bequests,  George  I.  Seney,  S.  B.  Chittenden,  Mrs.  Maria  Gary 
and  Urania  B.  Humphrey  being  among  its  benefactors.  Under  the  presidency  of  the  Rev.  Richard  S.  Storrs 
its  career  has  been  one  of  almost  unclouded  prosperity,  and  there  are  many  names  of  prominence  in  Brook- 
lyn enumerated  among  its  1,200  members.  The  officers  last  chosen  were  :  President,  Rev.  Richard  S. 
Storrs,  D.  D„  LL.  D.;  first  vice-president,  Joshua  M.  Van  Cott;  second  vice-president,  Samuel  McLean  ; 
foreign  corresponding  secretary,  Benjamin  D.  Silliman;  home  corresponding  secretary.  Rev.  Charles  H.  Hall, 
D.  D.;  recording  secretary,  Frederic  A.  Ward;  chairman  of  the  executive  committee,  Thomas  E.  Stillman; 
treasurer,  John  Jay  Pierrepont;  librarian  in  charge,  Emma  Toedteberg ;  curator  of  the  museum,  Elias 
Lewis,  Jr. 

In  the  historical  panorama  of  Brooklyn  events  for  more  than  thirty  years  Henry  Sheldon  has  been  a 
noteworthy  figure.  Nature  endowed  him  richly  for  broad  citizenship,  to  be  a  leader  in  the  arts  of  peace. 
His  father  was,  with  De  Witt  Clinton  and  Peter  Gansevoort,  a  regent  of  the  University  of  the  State  of  New 


972 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


York,  for  eight  years  was  a  legislator,  and  was  chairman  of  a  committee  in  the  state  constitutional  conven- 
tion of  1S20.  Henry  Sheldon  received  the  mantle  of  his  father's  talents  without  the  latter's  taste  for 
political  affairs,  hi  the  exciting  jousts  in  which  Burr,  Hamilton,  Lewis,  Livingston  and  Tompkins  were 
pitted,  and  in  the  fervid  contest  for  the  presidency  between  Adams  and  Jefferson,  the  father  was  an  active 
participant,  supporting  Jefferson  in  that  historic  canvass.  But  the  son  found  peaceful  commerce  a  more 
congenial  pursuit.  At  "nearly  the  end  of  a  half  century  of  mercantile  life  he  is  still  a  worker.  Li  the 
importation  of  teas  and  coffee  his  house  is  one  of  the  foremost  in  New  York.  As  a  patron  of  literature  and 
art  he  is  well  known  in  Brooklyn,  where  his  interest  in  these  elements  of  culture  have  made  him  promi- 
nent in  the  Lon"-  Island  Historical  Society  and  the  Brooklyn  Library,     hi  the  first  named  association  he 


Henry  Sheldon. 

has  taken  an  active  part  and  was  one  of  its  first  directors,  besides  holding  the  chairmanship  of  its  finance 
committee  from  the  beginning.  Equally  a  friend  of  the  Brooklyn  Library,  he  was  in  the  first  board  of 
directors,  and  his  purse  and  abilities  have  been  at  its  command  to  a  munificent  degree.  He  is  a  trustee  in 
the  Presbyterian  Church  of  Brooklyn,  in  whose  charities  and  general  work  he  is  deeply  interested.  Brook- 
lyn's philanthropies  have  no  more  earnest  or  active  a  friend.  He  is  a  member  of  the  advisory  committee 
of  the  Home  of  the  Friendless,  and  of  the  Female  Employment  Society.  During  the  civil  war  he  was  an 
ardent  Unionist  and  a  practical  friend  of  the  soldier,  to  whose  welfare  he  was  a  frequent  contributor  by  the 
bestowal  of  means  to  aid  and  comfort  the  sick  and  wounded  at  the  front.  He  rendered  most  efficient  ser- 
vice on  the  executive  board  of  the  Brooklyn  War  Fund  Committee,  which  was  composed  of  100  leading 
citizens  of  Brooklyn,  and  he  was  a  prominent  member  of  the  delegation  of  distinguished  men  from  various 
cities  sent  by  the  United  States  Christian  Commission  in  the  spring  of  1864  to  visit  the  army  of  the  Poto- 
mac, in  order  to  ascertain  the  true  condition  of  the  army  and  to  consider  and  arrange  plans  to  mitigate  as 
far  as  possible  the  evils  of  camp  life.  The  United  States  Sanitary  Commission  afforded  another  outlet  for 
his  patriotic  beneficence  and  he  was  indefatigable  in  promoting  all  its  objects,  his  work  here,  as  elsewhere, 
proving  to  be  more  valuable  than  his  money,  of  which  he  was  a  liberal  giver.  In  1S64,  when  the  great  fair 
was  held  in  Brooklyn  under  the  auspices  of  the  commission  to  raise  money  for  the  soldiers,  he  entered  into 
this  enterprise  with  his  accustomed  energy.     He  was  one  of  the  committee  appointed  by  the  War  Fund 


SECRET    ORDERS    AND    SPECIAL   SOCIETIES. 


973 


Committee  to  give  to  Brooklyn  a  suitable  monument  to  commemorate  the  services  of  Abraham  Lincoln, 
the  labors  of  which  resulted  in  the  erection  of  the  bronze  statue  of  the  martyred  president  which  stands  in 
the  grand  plaza  of  Prospect  Park.  Mr.  Sheldon  was  born  in  Charleston,  Montgomery  County,  N.  Y.,  on 
February  8,  182 1,  and  was  the  son  of  Judge  Alexander  Sheldon,  a  native  of  Connecticut,  who  moved  to 
New  York  state  in  1790.  The  son's  business  predilections  led  him  to  seek  opportunity  for  the  exercise  of 
his  abilities  in  the  city  of  New  York,  but  not  until  he  had  secured  a  good  education  at  the  Albany 
Academy  and  had  taken  an  advanced  course  of  instruction  at  Cheshire  Academy,  Connecticut.  In  addi- 
tion to  his  large  trade  as  an  importer  of  teas  and  coffees,  he  is  connected  with  other  important  interests 
of  the  commercial  centre  and  devotes  some  of  his  attention  to  such  institutions  as  the  Merchants'  National 
Bank.of  New  York  and  the  Standard  Fire  Insurance  Company;  he  is  a  director  in  each  of  these  organiza- 
tions and  has  been  identified  with  others  of  a  similar  character.  In  1848  he  married  Miss  Celia  E.  Farring- 
ton,  of  Ashtabula,  Ohio. 

George  C.  Barclay,  who  has  been  a  resident  of  Brooklyn  since  1858,  is  connected  with  many  of  its 
institutions,  including  a  number  that  are  charitable  in  their  aims  ;  he  is  a  member  of  the  Rembrandt  and 
Hamilton  clubs,  the  Art  Association,  and  the  Long  Island  Historical  Society  ;  and  he  is  a  liberal  patron 
of  literature  and  the  arts.  He  was  born  near  Glas- 
gow, Scotland,  and  was  educated  in  a  school  con- 
nected with  Christ  Church,  Glasgow.  In  1847  he  came 
to  America  and  became  a  clerk  in  the  store  of  his 
brother,  who  was  engaged  in  the  drygoods  business 
in  Albany,  N.  Y.  Two  years  were  devoted  to  the  dry- 
goods  business  in  New  Orleans,  and  then  after  another 
short  experience  in  Albany  he  turned  his  face  towards 
New  York,  making  his  home  in  Brooklyn  from  the 
beginning.  Obtaining  employment  in  a  wholesale  drug 
establishment  he  went  to  work  with  energy  to  master 
the  business.  It  required  only  two  years  of  such 
industry  and  fidelity  as  he  displayed  to  give  him  a 
firm  footing  upon  the  ladder  of  success  and  at  the 
end  of  that  period  he  was  admitted  to  an  interest  in 
the  business.  The  house  when  he  entered  it  was 
doing  a  business  of  $350,000  a  year  and  during  his 
connection  with  it  the  trade  grew  to  $5,000,000,  the 
firm  importing  from  India  and  all  parts  of  the  world. 
He  was  general  manager  of  the  outside  affairs  of  the 
firm  for  many  years  and  then  occurred  to  him  the  idea 
of  sending  out  men  to  extend  its  business.  This  was  a 
new  departure  in  the  foreign  drug  trade,  but  it  proved 
successful.  He  sent  men  to  China,  India,  Japan,  and 
Australia,  as  well  as  to  all  parts  of  the  South  Ameri- 
can continent,  his  method  being  to  make  the  first 
visit  to  many  of  the  new  fields  himself,  breaking  the 
soil  for  those  who  were  to  follow  him  in  the  cultivation 
of  it  and  afterwards  having  charge  of  the  men  for  whom  he  thus  did  the  pioneer  work.  Retiring  in  1877, 
after  seventeen  years  devoted  to  this  business,  he  was  succeeded  by  his  two  sons,  who,  with  Alexander 
Barrie,  carry  on  the  same  line  of  business  under  the  firm  name  of  Barclay  &  Co.  Mr.  Barclay  is  the 
possessor  of  a  number  of  beautiful  and  rare  paintings  and  other  choice  works  of  art,  and  he  has  also  one  of 

the  finest  private  libraries  in  Brooklyn.  .    ,      ^t     ■        ,  ti       -j     . 

Frank  Baldwin,  M.  D.,  is  prominent  in  the  community  as  surgeon-general  of  the  National  Provident 
Union,  member  of  the  Kings  County  Medical  Society  and  of  the  Gynecological  Society,  and  occupies  the 
chair  of  general  medicine  in  the  Bushwick  and  East  Brooklyn  Dispensary.  He  was  born  m  Hunter,  Greene 
County,  N.  Y.,  on  May  10,  1855,  and  after  a  course  of  study  at  the  Fort  Edward  Collegiate  I"st.tute  took 
his  degree  as  a  Doctor  of  Medicine  from  the  Medical  College  of  the  University  of  the  City  of  New  York, 
in  1887.  After  experience  as  a  general  practitioner  in  Oak  Hill,  Greene  County,  N.  Y  for  three  years. 
Dr.  Baldwin  returned  to  New  York  city  and  passed  through  a  post-graduate  course  at  Bellevue  Hospital. 
During  this  period  he  became  associated  with  Dr.  Walter  B.  Chase  and  was  introduced  to  the  neighborhood 
of  his  subsequent  activities  under  the  best  possible  auspices.  He  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  National  Provident  Union.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Long  Island  Historical  Society,  a  noted 
amateur  ornithologist,  and  a  deacon  in  the  Throop  Avenue  Presbyterian  Church. 


Geokge  C.  Barclay. 


974  THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 

John  H.  Peet  is  a  descendant  of  the  Puritans  and  was  born  in  Canaan,  Conn.,  on  June  27,  1828,  be- 
ing a  grandson  of  Captain  John  Webb,  a  revolutionary  officer.  He  was  educated  at  Great  Barrington 
Mass.,  and  his  early  business  life  was  passed  in  Pittsfield,  Mass.  In  1853  he  removed  to  New  York  and  was 
employed  by  Lawrence,  Clapp  &  Co.,  wholesale  drygoods  commission  merchants.  Li  1866  he  assisted  in 
establishing  the  drygoods  firm  of  Whittemore,  Peet,  Post  &  Co.  The  firm  dissolved  in  1879  and  for  sev- 
eral years  Mr.  Peet  has  been  connected  with  the  United  States  customs  office  in  New  York  city.  He  came 
to  Brooklyn  in  1853  and  at  that  time  connected  himself  with  Christ  Church,  in  which  he  has  served  as  ves- 
tryman and  clerk  of  the  vestry  since  1873.  He  was  one  of  the  founders,  and  for  many  years  was  a  director 
of  the  Apollo  Club.  Other  organizations  with  which  he  is  identified  are  the  Long  Island  Historical  So- 
ciety, Hamilton  Club,  Art  Association,  New  England  Society  of  New  York,  and  Merchants'  Club  of  ^ew 
York.  He  is  a  trustee  of  the  Homoeopathic  Hospital  of  Brooklyn  and  the  Citizens'  Savings  Bank  of  New 
York.     He  married  j\Iiss  Caroline  Northup,  daughter  of  the  late  Harris  Northup,  on  January  25,  1855. 

Though  he  was  born  in  New  York  city  on  May  20,  1845,  James  L.  Morgan,  Jr.,  can  justly  lay  claim  to 
being  a  Brooklynite,  as  he  came  here  with  his  parents  when  he  was  only  twelve  years  of  age.  He  became  a 
pupil  at  the  Polytechnic  Institute,  graduating  there  with  high  honors  in  1863.  After  leaving  the  Poly- 
technic he  took  a  two  years'  course  in  chemistry  and  in  1864  became  associated  with  his  father,  who  was 
along  established  chemist  in  New  York.  Admitted  to  partnership  in  January,  1867,  he  now  attends  to  the 
general  management  and  financial  affairs  of  the  New  York  house.  In  1865  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the 
23d  Regiment,  and  remained  a  member  of  Company  A  until  187 1,  from  which  time  he  served  on  the  staff  as 
commissary  until  the  spring  of  1S74.  He  has  been  connected  with  the  Brooklyn  Library  for  twelve  years, 
as  treasurer  and  director  ;  he  is  a  life  member  of  the  Long  Island  Historical  Society  ;  director  of  the  Mar- 
ket and  Fulton  National  Bank  of  New  York  ;  member  of  the  Hamilton  and  Crescent  Athletic  clubs  of  Brook- 
lyn, as  well  as  of  the  Union  League  of  New  York. 

Spencer  Trask,  one  of  the  original  members  of  the  Long  Island  Historical  Society,  was  born  in  Brook- 
lyn in  1844.  He  was  prepared  by  private  tutors  at  the  Brooklyn  Polytechnic  Institute,  and  was  graduated 
at  Princeton  College  in  the  class  of  1866.  When  he  returned  to  New  York,  after  leaving  college,  he  be- 
came interested  in  banking  and  soon  afterwards  associated  himself  with  Henry  G.  Marquand,  succeedino- 
to  the  sole  charge  about  1870,  at  which  time  he  became  a  member  of  the  New  York  Stock  Excliano-e,  and 
of  the  firm  of  Trask  &  Stone.  In  iSSi  the  firm  was  enlarged  and  continued  under  the  title  of  Spencer 
Trask  &  Co.  It  has  now  branches  in  Albany,  Boston,  Providence,  and  Saratoga.  Mr.  Trask  has  taken 
great  interest  in  the  development  of  electrical  industries,  and  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Brooklyn 
Edison  Electric  Light  Company;  he  was  also  actively  concerned  in  the  organization  of  the  Franklin 
Trust  Company  of  Brooklyn.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Union  League  Club,  and  is  universally  esteemed  as  a 
public-spirited  citizen  ;  his  large  liberality  is  at  the  service  of  every  good  cause. 

Bryan  H.  Smith,  the  oldest  son  of  Cyrus  P.  Smith,  fourth  mayor  of  Brooklyn,  was  born  in  Brooklyn 
on  January  29,  1829,  and  during  his  lifetime  has  resided  near  the  site  of  his  birthplace.  He  received  his 
early  education  at  Fames  &  Putnam's  school  and  afterwards  became  a  student  of  the  New  York  University. 
He  engaged  in  :ne  domestic  woolen  goods  commission  business,  from  which  he  retired  in  1891,  after  a  suc- 
cessful career.  He  is  a  trustee  of  the  Brooklyn  Savings  Bank,  the  Brooklyn  Hospital,  the  Brooklyn  Art 
Association,  the  Packer  Collegiate  Institute,  the  Long  Island  Historical  Society,  and  the  First  Presbyterian 
Church.     For  many  years  he  was  a  director  of  the  Union  Ferry  Company 

SOCIETY   OF   OLD   BROOKLYNITES. 

The  Society  of  Old  Brooklynites  was  organized  on  May  20,  1880,  in  the  city  court  room.  On  Decem- 
ber 31  it  was  incorporated  for  social  purposes  and  for  the  preservation  of  the  revolutionary,  genealogical, 
civil,  and  social  reminiscences  of  Brooklyn  and  its  inhabitants.  The  first  ofiicers  were  :  John  W  Hunter' 
president  ;  Henry  A.  Moore,  first  vice-president  ;  William  Taylor,  second  vice-president ;  Joshua  M  Van 
Cott,  corresponding  secretary  ;  S.  Cornwell,  recording  secretary  ;  E.  D.  White,  home  secretary  ;  John  J 
Studwell,  treasurer.  Membership  in  the  society  was  limited  to  those  persons  who  had  lived  for  fifty  years 
in  Brooklyn,  although  a  qualified  membership,  without  the  privileges  of  voting  or  holding  office  was 
extended  to  those  who  had  resided  in  the  city  forty  years.  Meetings  have  since  been  held  mo^nthly  iii  the 
surrogate's  court  room,  the  use  of  which  is  donated  to  the  society  by  that  officer.  These  meetings  are  sup- 
plemented by  annual  dinners  to  mark  the  anniversaries  of  Brooklyn's  existence  as  a  city  More  than  one 
hundred  interesting  papers  have  been  read  before  the  society  and  preserved  in  the  archives  These  papers 
relate  to  the  history  of  Brooklyn  as  village,  town,  and  city,  with  biographical  sketches  of  its  inhabitants. 
Several  of  these  papers  have  attracted  much  attention,  and  most  of  them  have  appeared  in  the  public 
prints.  An  album  has  been  provided  in  which  to  preserve  the  photographs  of  the  members,  and  a  register 
showing  the  full  name,  autograph,  residence,  place  and  date  of  birth,  and  date  of  death  after  that  event 
occurs,  and  other  mementos  of  each  member.     In  1888  the  society  issued  a  pamphlet  containing  about  8,000 


SECRET    ORDERS    AND    SPECIAL   SOCIETIES. 


97S 


names  of  those  confined  on  the  British  prison  ships  during  the  revolutionary  war.  The  society  has  held 
services  over  the  grave  in  Washington  Park,  in  which  they  have  been  assisted  by  the  Daughters  of  the 
Revolution  and  by  details  from  the  navy  yard  and  from  Fort  Hamilton.  The  officers  of  the  society  are  ■ 
John  W.  Hunter,  president ;  E.  D.  White,  first  vice-president  ;  Charles  C  Leigh,  second  vice-president  ;  Sam- 
uel A.  Haynes,  recording  secretary  ;  James  L.  Watson,  M.  D.,  corresponding  secretary  ;  Daniel  T.  Leveridge, 
finanancial  secretary  ;  Judah  B.  Voorhees,  treasurer. 

Edw.ard  D.  White,  first  vice-president,  is  a  well-known  business  man,  and  is  engaged  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  fire-brick.  He  was  born  in  Brooklyn  on  March  13,  1822,  and  was  educated  at  public  and  private 
schools  and  at  Swinbourne's  boarding  school  in  White  Plains,  N.  Y.  From  1S35  until  1848  he  was  employed 
in  the  hardware  store  of  Abraham  B.  Boyle,  and  in  1849  he  engaged  in  the  same  business  for  himself  as  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  White  &  Knapp.  In  1869  he  began  his  present  business  at  Red  Hook.  He  was 
elected  supervisor  for  the  fourth  ward  in  1862.  In  1864  he  was  elected  to  the  assembly  and  again  in  1872. 
He  is  vice-president  of  the  Brooklyn  City  Railroad  Company,  the  Brooklyn  Savings  Bank,  and  a  director 
of  the  Long  Island  Loan  and  Trust,  the  Nassau  Gas  Light,  and  the  Long  Island  Safe  Deposit  companies. 

Spencer  Dew  Gotten  Van  Bokkelen  is  of 
Dutch  ancestry,  and  was  born  in  Brooklyn  on  Decem- 
ber 16,  1828,  in  a  house  situated  on  Front  street,  near  . 
the  corner  of  Dock,  and  in  close  pro.ximity  to  the  old 
Graham  mansion.  His  father,  Adrian  Hubertus  Van 
Bokkelen,  was  born  in  Holland  and  was  brought  to 
New  York  when  young.  He  became  a  merchant  of 
prominence  and  in  1813  wedded  Deborah  Morris. 
Soon  after  his  marriage  he  moved  his  household 
goods  across  the  river  and  made  his  home  in  the 
village  of  Brooklyn.  Libertus  Van  Bokkelen,  grand- 
father of  Spencer  D.  C.  A^an  Bokkelen,  was  born  in  the 
city  of  Brielle  in  1740,  of  which,  under  William,  Prince 
of  Orange-Nassau,  he  became  one  of  the  governors 
in  the  year  1778.  Having  married  Diederika  Van 
Yendorn,  who  bore  him  three  children,  he  was  moved 
to  leave  his  native  country  on  account  of  changes  in 
the  government,  and  sailed  for  New  York.  Mr.  Van 
Bokkelen  was  educated  at  St.  Paul's  College  at  Col- 
lege Point,  under  the  Rev.  William  Augustus  Muhlen- 
berg, D.  D.  He  cast  his  first  vote  for  Horatio  Sey- 
mour the  Democratic  candidate  for, the  governorship 
of  New  York,  and  since  then  he  has  always  adhered 
to  the  older  of  the  two  great  parties.  Prior  to  1870 
he  was  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits,  and  until  the 
beginning  of  the  civil  war  had  extensive  interests  in 
the  south.  He  is  now  a  public  accountant  and  au- 
ditor and  enjoys  a  large  clientage  among  lawyers  and 
corporations  in  this  city  and  New  York.  He  has  always  been  actively  engaged  in  the  work  of  the  Protest- 
ant Episcopal  Church  and  its  Sunday-schools,  and  is  a  member  of  the  St.  Nicholas  Society  in  addition  to  his 
membership  in  the  Society  of  Old  Brooklynites. 

In  the  retirement  from  the  surrogate's  office  of  chief  clerk  Judah  B.  Voorhees,  which  took  place  on 
January  i,  1891,  the  city  lost  the  services  of  a  remarkable  man.  Thirty-seven  years  ago  he  entered  the 
surrogate's  office,  and  he  had  worked  there  steadily  until  his  retirement.  He  is  gifted  with  a  wonderful 
memory,  and  knew  how  to  penetrate  the  mysterious  recesses  of  the  innermost  deposit  boxes  in  the  depart- 
ment and  bring  to  light  lost  wills,  bequests,  codicils,  and  caveats.  He  can  recall  any  number  of  items  con- 
nected with  that  office  which  would  go  to  make  up  a  creditable  history.  He  was  born  in  Brooklyn  in  182S, 
and  is  a  son  of  the  late  Peter  Voorhees.  He  studied  law  with  John  B.  King,  and  afterwards  with  William 
D.  Veeder.  In  1845  he  became  a  subordinate  of  John  M.  Hicks,  who  was  then  the  clerk  of  Kings  County. 
He  left  that  office  eight  years  later,  and  became  deputy  county  clerk  for  Westchester  County,  which  posi- 
tion he  held  twenty-two  months.  In  1855  he  was  appointed  a  clerk  in  the  surrogate's  office  by  Surrogate 
Rodman  B.  Dawson.  At  that  time  the  office  was  in  the  city  hall,  and  the  number  of  wills  presented  for 
probate  averaged  about  sixty  a  year  ;  the  average  number  now  is  about  1,200.  The  office  then  employed 
only  one  clerk  and  Mr.  Voorhees  did  all  the  work  ;  now  there  are  more  than  twenty  employees  in  the  office. 
Mr.  Voorhees  retired  because  of  failing  eyesight  ;  he  had  held  office  without  intermission  forty-six  years. 


Spencer  D.  C.  V.^n  Bokkelen. 


976 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


JUDAH    B.  VOORHEES. 


He  is  a  member  of  the  veterans'  association  of  the  13th 
Regiment,  having  joined  tliat  regiment  when  it  was 
organized  by  Colonel  Abel  Smith.  He  also  served  on 
the  staff  of  General  Jesse  C.  Smith,  of  the  5th  Brigade, 
in  1862.  He  has  had  some  literary  aspirations,  and, 
as  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Old  Brooklynites,  has 
made  some  excellent  contributions  to  the  papers  of 
that  organization.  He  is  assistant  secretary  in  the  St. 
Nicholas  Society.  When  the  Mechanics'  Bank  was  or- 
ganized he  was  serving  under  County  Clerk  Francis  B. 
Stryker,  who  presented  him  with  four  shares  of  the 
bank's  stock,  and  he  is  now  a  director  in  the  institu- 
tion. He  is  also  a  director  in  the  Brooklyn  Safe  De- 
posit and  the  Nassau  Trust  companies,  and  is  one 
of  the  vice-presidents  in  the  Holland  Society  of  New 
York. 

When  AzEL  D.  Matthews,  who  was  one  of  the 
first  to  establish  a  drygoods  store  of  the  modern  type 
in  this  city,  came  to  Brooklyn  in  1828  the  place  was 
only  a  village.  There  were  few  business  establish- 
ments of  importance  and  the  field  in  which  he  was 
destined  to  exert  his  ability  was  as  yet  comparatively 
undeveloped.  Since  then  he  not  only  has  established 
an  extensive  l)usiness  but  has  identified  himself  ener- 
getically with  Sunday-school  work  and  charitable  insti- 
tutions. He  was  nineteen  years  old  when  he  came  to 
Brooklyn  ;  his  first  situation  here  was  i.n  the  capacity  of  a  clerk  in  Simon  Richardson's  grocery  store  on 
Fulton  street.  Ill  health  forced  him  to  relinquish  his  position  in  four  days,  and  for  a  time  his  efforts  to 
secure  some  other  means  of  livelihood  were  unsuccessful.  A  clerkship  was  finally  obtained  in  a  store  which 
had  been  established  on  Water  street  by  the  tanning  firm  of  Van  Nostrand  &  Tolford.  Nine  years  passed 
in  this  employment  and  then  the  failure  of  the  enterprise  threw  the  young  man  out  of  work.  He  had  in 
the  meantime  saved  $500.     He  visited  Sullivan  County  and  undertook  the  contract  of  building  a  tannery, 

but  the  project  never  was  completed.  Returning  to 
Brooklyn  he  opened  a  drygoods  store  at  93  Main 
street.  He  remained  in  that  store  for  eight  years, 
when  he  opened  ani)ther  on  Fulton  street,  near  Pros- 
pect. Later  he  opened  a  larger  store  at  no  Myrtle 
avenue,  where  he  remained  until  1862,  when  the  pres- 
ent establishment  occupied  by  A.  D.  Matthews  &  Sons, 
on  the  corner  of  Fulton  street  and  Gallatin  place,  was 
opened  for  business.  When  he  had  been  in  the  city 
a  short  time  he  became  interested  in  religious  educa- 
tion, and  connected  himself  with  the  First  Bresbyterian 
Church  on  Cranberry  street.  After  remaining  there 
five  years  he  became  associated  with  St.  Ann's  Prot- 
estant Episcopal  Church  and  acted  as  teacher  and 
superintendent  of  its  Sunday-school  until  1872.  He 
then  removed  to  St.  Peter's  Church,  where  he  remained 
ten  years  and  where  he  taught  the  Young  Men's  Bible 
Class.  As  manager  of  the  Brooklyn  Sunday-school 
Union  since  its  organization,  as  well  as  its  vice-presi- 
dent for  a  number  of  years,  his  administration  of  affairs 
has  in  a  large  measure  secured  the  success  of  that  or- 
ganization. He  was  also  county  secretary  of  the  State 
Sunday-school  Association  several  years,  and  he  is 
connected  with  the  American  Tract  Society  and  the 
Brooklyn  City  Mission  Tract  Society.  He  was  born 
at  Hinsdale,  Mass.,  in  1809,  and  was  educated  in  his 
native  town  and  at  Conway  in  the  same  state. 


AzEL  D.  Matthews. 


SECRET   ORDERS   AND   SPECIAL   SOCIETIES. 


977 


James  Matthews. 


James  Matthews  is  one  of  the  members  of  the 
Society  of  Old  Brooklynites  whose  interests  are  cen- 
tred wholly  in  this  city.  He  was  born  here  in  1839 
and  was  educated  at  the  public  schools.  A  clerkship 
in  his  father's  retail  drygoods  store  gave  him  his  first 
experience  in  business  life.  Under  his  father  he 
worked  as  an  employee  from  1855  until  1879,  when  with 
his  brother,  Gardiner  D.  Matthews,  he  was  admitted 
to  partnership  in  the  new  firm  of  A.  D.  Matthews  & 
Sons.  During  the  period  from  his  first  employment  in 
his  father's  store  until  the  present  time,  the  business 
of  the  house  has  steadily  grown.  When  he  entered, 
there  was  only  one  other  boy  employed  with  him  ; 
the  employees  now  number  about  500,  while  the  estab- 
lishment'has  grown  from  one  floor  25  by  100  feet,  in 
1855,  to  cover  a  territory  100  feet  by  195  feet.  Mr. 
James  Matthews  has  charge  of  the  firm's  office  busi- 
ness and  is  its  financial  manager.  He  is  a  director  in 
the  Sprague  National  Bank  and  a  member  of  the  Mon- 
tauk  Club.  He  is  married,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
Memorial  Presbyterian  Church. 

Being  a  Brooklynite  by  birth,  education,  residence, 
and  business  interest,  it  is  natural  that  Gardiner  D. 
Matthews   should  be   a   member  of   the    Society  of 
Old  Brooklynites.    He  was  born  in  1841,  and  was  edu- 
cated at  the  public  schools  and  the  Polytechnic  Insti- 
tute.     At  the  age  of  sixteen  years  he  became  a  clerk  in  the  employ  of   his  father,  and  after  a  number 
of  years  of  service  was,  with  his  brother  James,  admitted  to  partnership  and  the  firm  of  A.  D.  Matthews  & 
Sons  was  established.     He  has  the  responsible  duty  of  looking  after  the  purchase  of  goods  from  all  mar- 
kets;    in  this  he    has   the  cooperation  of   the    repre- 
sentatives of  the  house  abroad,  whom  he  joins  from 
;■  time  to    time  as  occasion  requires.      He    is  a  stock- 

holder in  several  financial  institutions.     He  is  married 
and  has  one  son  and  one  daughter  living. 

C.  C.  Leigh  is  one  of  the  Old  Brooklynites  who 
is  an  exemplar  of  what  business  energy,  experience, 
and  tact  can  accomplish.  He  was  born  eighty-one 
years  ago  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  and  became  a 
resident  of  Brooklyn  in  1833.  As  representative  from 
the  seventh  assembly  district  he  served  two  years  in 
the  state  legislature  during  the  gubernatorial  terms 
of  Seymour  and  Clark.  He  was  elected  on  both  occa- 
sions on  the  Temperance  ticket,  and  while  at  Albany 
was  chairman  of  a  special  committee  which  introduced 
what  was  then  known  as  the  Maine  Prohibition  Law. 
The  bill  passed  the  assembly  and  senate,  but  was 
promptly  vetoed  by  Governor  Seymour.  Later,  under 
Governor  Clark's  administration,  Mr.  Leigh  again  in- 
troduced the  measure  and  it  be-came  law.  He  was 
the  promoter  of  the  design  to  lay  the  first  French 
Atlantic  cable,  and  became  chiefly  instrumental  in 
carrying  the  project  through  to  completion.  He 
recognized  the  importance  to  the  United  States  of 
possessing  an  interest  in  a  cable  which,  unlike  the 
one  already  laid,  should  connect  America  with  soil 
other  than  British.  The  consummation  of  this  enter- 
prise rendered  perfectly  immaterial  to  our  government 
the  fact  that  the  English  home  secretary  was  empowered  to  assume,  at  any  time,  complete  control  of  the 
original  cable.      Mr.  Leigh  visited  Europe,  and.  after  making  extensive  investigations,  returned  to  America 


Gardiner  D.  Matthews. 


978 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


Charles  N.  Peed. 


and  secured  the  passage  of  a  special  act  by  the  New  York  state  legislature,  incorporating  the  company 
that  afterwards  successfully  undertook  the  task  of  laying  the  cable  from  France  to  the  Island  of  St.  Pierre. 
Shortly  after  the  civil  war  began  he  identified  himself  with  the  formation  and  conduct  of  the  society  known 
as  the  National  Freedman's  Relief  Association,  which  provided  for  the  maintenance  of  slaves  who  in  any 
way  had  escaped  from  the  control  of  their  masters.  Large  contributions  of  clothing,  agricultural  imple- 
ments, and  garden  seeds  were  sent  from  many  European  ports  for  the  use  of  the  freedmen,  all  directed  to 
Mr.  Leigh,  and  so  great  was  the  general  confidence  in  his  integrity  that  Salmon  P.  Chase,  who  was  secretary 
of  the  treasury,  directed  the  collector  of  the  port  of  New  York  to  deliver  all  such  packages  to  him  unopened. 
This  was  probably  the  only  order  of  that  kind  ever  issued  by  the  treasury  department. 

Charles  N.  Peed  is  a  thorough  Brooklynite  in  every  sense  of  the  word,  for  he  was  born  in  the  village 
in  1830,  and  has  lived  to  see  it  grow  to  the  magnitude  of  a  leading  city. 

He  received  his  education  at  the  common  schools,  principally  at  the  one       ' •-■■■'-'  

carried  on   in   the   building  sometimes  known  by  the  name  of  "Gothic 
Hall,"  which    was    presided  over  by  Adrian  Hegeman.      When  he  was 
fourteen  years  old  he  began  to  work  in  the  office  of  the  Brooklyn  Daily 
Advertiser,  a  paper  which  originated  in  1S44  as  a  campaign  organ  to  advo- 
cate the  election  of  Henry  Clay  as  president.     \\\  this  office  he  served  in 
all  branches  of  the  printer's  trade  and  became  practically  acquainted  with 
the  duties  of  compositor,  pressman,  foreman  of  job  office,  and  reporter, 
and  was  finally  placed  in  charge  of  the  office  as  cashier  and  book-keeper. 
He  remained  with  the  Advertiser  until   1852,  when  he  retired,  because  his 
health  had  become  impaired  by  close  attention  to  his  duties.     During  his 
term  of  service  with  the  Advertiser  he  introduced  the  then  untried  plan  of 
sending  newsboys   to    sell  copies  of  his  paper  at   all   the   ferries.     After 
the  restoration  of  his  health   he  became  a  partner  in  the  real  estate  firms 
of  Stone  &  Sothen  and  Page  &  Sothen.     Li  1855,  as  a  member  of  the  firm 
of  Peed  &  Cdle,  he  carried  on  a  general  auctioneer's  business.     This  firm 
was  dissolved  in  1872,  and  he  then  purchased  the  interest  of  W.  J.  Ander- 
son in  the  Pierrepont  House,  and   it  was  not  long  before   his  executive  ability,  energy,  and  popular  manner 
effected  a  salutary  change  in  every  department  and  it  became  the  leading  house  of  its  kind  in  the  city.     In 
1882   he  leased  the   Mansion   House,  taking  John   C.  Van  Cleaf,  who  was  formerly  clerk  at  the   Pierrepont 

House,  as  a  partner.       In  social  circles  Mr.  Peed  is 
widely    known,   while    among  business   men  and  the 
'"'"""         traveling  public  he  has  a  high  reputation. 

Beginning  the  ladder  of  life  at  the  very  bottom, 
Foster  Pettit,  one  of  Brooklyn's  oldest  residents, 
has  risen  to  a  proud  position  among  his  fellow-citi- 
zens. He  was  born  at  Hempstead,  L.  I.,  on  .\pril  11, 
i8i2,  and  received  his  early  education  at  the  district 
school-house.  He  bettered  his  instruction,  and  for  two 
,   ■  %,  years  was  himself  the  village  pedagogue  in  the  town 

:  of  Hempstead,  At  the  age  of  twenty-two  he  went  to 
New  York,  and  obtained  a  position  as  night  watchman 
in  Fulton  Market.  Although  the  employment  was 
of  humble  nature,  the  position  was  one  of  much  re- 
sponsibility. The  trust  reposed  in  him  by  the  mer- 
chants of  the  market  was  so  conscientiously  and  ably 
discharged  that  he  retained  the  position  for  eleven 
years,  and  during  that  period  he  won  the  esteem  of 
every  business  firm  in  the  market.  While  serving  as 
watchman  he  improved  his  early  education  by  assidu- 
ous reading  and  study.  When  he  relinquished  his 
situation,  in  1845  he  opened  a  restaurant  at  the  corner 
of  Water  and  Wall  streets,  in  New  York.  In  1854  his 
patronage  had  so  increased,  that  he  was  enabled  to 
erect  a  building  of  his  own  at  136  Water  street,  which 
he  has  occupied  ever  since.  That  his  sterling  quali- 
"'  •— '■  ties  of  both  head  and  heart  were  appreciated  by  his 
fellow-citizens  in  Brooklyn  is  evidenced  by  the  fact 


FosiEK  Pettit. 


SECRET    ORDERS    AND    SPECIAL    SOCIETIES. 


979 


J 


A 


George  W.  Stillwkll. 


that  they  elected  him  supervisor  from  the  fifth  ward.  From  1840  until  1S5S  he  resided  in  a  house  which 
he  had  budt  for  himself  on  High  street;  for  many  years  he  has  lived  at  404  Clinton  avenue  He  is  a 
life  member  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  a  member  of  the  Long  Island  Historical  Society 
and  of  the  Brooklyn  Institute  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  a  stockholder  in  the  Academy  of  Music,  and  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  Fulton  Bank. 

Colonel  George  W.  Stillwell  is  a  native  of  the  town  of  New  Utrecht,  Kings  County,  his  birthplace 
being  within  the  limits  of  the  present  village  of  Fort  Hamilton,  although  at  the  time  of  his  birth,  February 
9,  181 1,  Fort  Hamilton  was  a  thing  of  the  future.     He  was  the  son 
of   Thomas   Stillwell,  a   direct  descendant  of  Nicholas    Stillwell, 
who  was  an  immigrant  from  Hull,  England,  in  1638.     His  mother  ' 
was  Catherine  Bennet,  a  descendant  of  William  Bennet,  who  came 
to  America  about  1627,  and,  in  partnership  with  John  Bentyn,  pur- 
chased from  the  Indians  about  930  acres  of  land  in  Gowanus,  part 
of  which  is  now  included  in  Greenwood  Cemetery.     Colonel  Still- 
well became  a  resident  of  Brooklyn  in  1828,  and  after  serving  an 
apprenticeship  in  a  New  York  iron  foundry,  he  began  business  for 
himself  in  Brooklyn  and  for  many  years  was  an   active  business 
man  in  the  iron  railing,  grate,  and  fender  trade.     During  his  ap- 
prenticeship he  joined  the  27th  Regiment,  N.  Y.  S.  M.,  now  the 
famous  7th  Regiment,  N.  G.,  S.  N.  Y.,  in  which  he  served  through  his 
term  of  enlistment.     In   1832  he  was  on  duty  during  the  Arthur 
Tappan  abolition  riot,  and  he  also  served  with  his  regiment  dur- 
ing the  Forrest-Macready  riot  at  the  Astor  Place  Theatre.     He  is 
now  the  oldest  surviving  member  of  the  regiment  and  is  known  as 
its  "patriarch."     He  is  a  life  member  of  the  War  Veterans'  Asso- 
ciation and  a  member  of  the  7th  Regiment  Veteran  League.      At 
the  beginning  of  the  war  he  raised  a  company  of   one  hundred 
young  men   who  joined   the    ist  L    I.  Regiment,  the   67th   N.  Y. 
Volunteers, and  were  mustered  into  service  on  June  20,  1861,  as  Company  B  of  that  regiment.      He  was  in 
the  Peninsula  campaign  and  at  South  Mountain,  Antietam,  Fredericksburgh,  and  at  the  battles  of  Seven 
Pines  and  Fair  Oaks,  where  his  regiment  lost  one-third  of  its  numbers,  among  them  a  son  of  Colonel  Stillwell, 
a  brave  boy,  who  had  left  school  to  enlist  in  opposition  to  his  father's  wishes.    As  the  senior  officer  of  his  regi- 
ment. Captain  Stillwell  was  in  command  for  a  great  part  of  the  time,  and  was  successively  made  major,  lieu- 
tenant-colonel, and  brevet  colonel.     He  is  one  of  the  oldest  members  of  the  Grand  Army  in  Brooklyn, 
having  been  first  a  member  of  Rankin  Post,  No.  10,  of  which  he  was  junior  and  senior  vice-commander ;  then 
he  became  a  charter  member  of  Mallory  Post,  No.  84,  of  which  he  is  a  past  commander  and  the  present  chap- 
lain.    He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Society  of  Old  Brooklynites,  of  which  he  is  now  a  trustee  and  a 
member  of  the  executive  committee.     He  is  president  of  the  Society  of  the  Survivors  of  the  ist  Long  Island 
Regiment,  67th  N.  Y.  Volunteers,  and  takes  a  keen  interest  in  the  welfare  of  the  survivors  of  the  civil  war. 
EuwiN    H.   Burnett,   who  has  a  well-deserved   reputation   as  a   builder  and    architect,   was   born   in 
Brooklyn  on   February  25,  1829,  and  was  educated  at  the  public  schools  and  at  Walcott  cS;  Herrick's  private 

academy.  At  the  age  of  si.xteen  he  was  employed  in  a  grocery  store,  and 
two  years  later  decided  to  adopt  his  father's  business  of  a  builder.  He 
accordingly  attended  the  old  Apprentices'  Library  and  devoted  himself 
to  the  study  of  architectural  drawing  until  the  year  1856,  when  he  joined 
his  father  and  eventually  entered  into  a  partnership  with  him,  which  con- 
tinued until  the  father's  death  in  1887.  Mr.  Burnett  served  fifteen  years 
as  assistant  foreman  of  engine.  No.  9,  and  second  assistant  foreman  of 
engine.  No.  17,  in  the  volunteer  fire  department.  He  is  an  elder  of  the 
Dutch  Reformed  Church  at  Flatbush,  L.  I.  He  served  as  trustee  of  the 
Greene  Avenue  Presbyterian  Church  in  i860  and  1861,  and  for  many  years 
as  deacon  of  the  Reformed  Church  on  the  Heights. 

William  Vogel  is  connected  with  several  of  the  prominent  social 
organizations  of  the  city,  such  as  the  Hanover,  Amphion,  and  Union 
League  clubs  and  the  E.xenipt  Firemen's  Association,  in  addition  to  the 
Society  of  Old  Brooklynites;  and  for  several  years  he  has  been  a  trustee 
of  All  Souls'  Universalist  Church.  He  was  born  in  Brooklyn  in  1S39.  In 
1862  he  began  the  manufacture  of  tinware,  and  continued  the  business 
Hi.wiN  H  BuKNKTT.  alouc  uutll   1874,  wheulie  to(jk  his  brothers,  Henry  I.  Vogel  and  Louis 


980 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


Henrv  Harteau. 


H.  Vo'Tel,  into  partnership,  cliang;ing    the  business  name  of  the  establishment  to  William  Vogel  &  Bros. 
In  icsj'o  he  made  his  son  William  H.  Vogel  a  member  of  the  firm.      In  May,  1866,  Mr.  Vogel  married  Miss 

Cornelia  F.  A\'heaton. 

Hf.nrv  Harteau  has  been  largely  identified  with  the  development  of  Brooklyn,  where  he  has  resided 
since  his  boyhood.     He  was  born  in  South  Lee,  Mass.,  and  was  educated  there  and  at  the  academy  in  the 

neighboring  town  of  Stockbridge.  After  coming  to  Brooklyn  he  was 
employed  as  a  clerk  in  a  grocery  store  and  in  1842  began  business  on 
his  own  account.  Failing  health  compelled  him  to  give  up  his  business 
in  a  few  years.  For  two  years  during  the  construction  of  the  great  stone 
dry-dock  at  the  navy  yard  he  was  private  secretary  to  William  J.  McAl- 
pine,  the  engineer  in  charge,  and  subsequently  went  into  the  building 
material  business,  which  he  conducted  with  success  until  187 1,  when  he 
retired.  While  in  business  he  held  various  public  positions,  the  first 
being  that  of  a  member  of  the  board  of  education.  During  the  terms  of 
Mayors  Brush  and  Lambert  he  served  as  alderman,  having  been  elected 
in  1852.  His  record  in  the  board  was  excellent.  He  was  a  consistent 
advocate  of  desirable  improvements  and  at  the  same  time  an  uncom- 
promising opponent  of  schemes  and  jobbery.  As  a  business  man  and 
as  a  public  official  he  always  has  been  actively  interested  in  enterprises 
(jf  a  useful  character.  In  1874  he  organized  the  Metropolitan  Plate 
Glass  Insurance  Company,  of  which  he  is  president.  He  served  as  park 
commissioner  under  Mayor  Whitney  in  1886.  In  addition  to  his  member- 
ship in  the  Society  of  Old  Brooklynites,  he  holds  a  similar  relation  to  the  New  England  and  the  Long 
Island  Historical  societies. 

William  Wise  is  entitled,  in  point  of  seniority,  to  rank  among  the  first  of  the  merchants  who  are  now 
engaged  in  active  business  on  Fulton  street,  having  opened  a  jewelry  store  on  that  thoroughfare  fifty-eight 
years  ago.  He  was  born  in  the  county  of  Kent,  England,  in  1S14,  and  was  brought  to  America  by  his 
parents,  who  reached  these  shores  in  1818  and  immediately  settled  in  Brooklyn.  At  the  age  of  twenty, 
after  completing  his  apprenticeship  to  a  jeweler  and  watchmaker  and  after  learning  his  trade,  he  opened  a 
small  jewelry  store  on  Fulton  street,  not  far  from  the  corner  of  Main.  He  has  seen  the  growth  of  a  city 
in  whose  welfare  he  always  manifested  a  warm  interest  and  within  whose  limits  he  has  built  up  a  magnifi- 
cent business  from  a  comparatively  insignificant  foundation. 

For  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  John  F.  James  has  been  well  known  in  business  circles  in  Brook- 
lyn and  New  Vork.  He  is  a  native  of  Brooklyn,  was  born  in  1836,  and  has  been  a  resident  of  the  city  ever 
since.  After  receiving  his  education  at  the  public  schools,  he  was  apprenticed  in  the  stair  building  busi- 
ness, and  became  quite  proficient  in  that  line.  He  was  a  private  in  Company  C,  7th  Regiment,  N.  Y.  S.  M., 
but  subsequently  was  elected  a  captain  in  the  s6th  Regiment,  and  was 
conspicuous  for  his  gallantry  at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg.  When  peace 
was  declared  he  engaged  in  the  real  estate  business.  In  1871  he  suc- 
ceeded Mr.  Little  in  the  firm  of  Wyckoff  &  Little,  and  the  name  of  the 
firm  was  changed  to  that  of  Wyckoff  &  James.  He  has  been  prominent 
in  many  matters  connected  with  his  business  requiring  nicety  of  discern- 
ment and  judgment — notably  in  the  appraisement  of  the  property  con- 
demned for  the  site  of  the  Brooklyn  Bridge.  A  striking  incident  occurred 
while  he  was  an  apprentice  in  1856.  Adjoining  the  premises  in  which 
he  worked  was  school-house  No.  14.  Fire  broke  out  there  on  one  occa- 
sion and  he  raised  a  ladder,  and  was  largely  instrumental  in  saving  the 
lives  of  the  teachers  and  more  than  one  hundred  children. 

SiUNK'i'  WixTRiNGHAM  has  had  a  long  and  honorable  connection  with 
most  of  the  historical,  literary,  and  charitable  institutions  of  Brooklyn. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Old  Brooklynites,  a  life  member  of  the 
Long  Island  Historical  Society,  one  of  the  original  subscribers  and  a  life 
member  of  the  Brooklyn  library.  He  is  also  one  of  the  oldest  members 
of  the  New  York  Mercantile  Library.  He  is  vice-president  of  the  Mary- 
land Canal  Company  and  the  CJeorges  Creek  and  Cumberland  Railroad  Company.  His  tastes  are 
literary  and  he  is  a  great  reader.  In  the  well-earned  leisure  of  his  later  years,  he  finds  pleasure  in  his 
home,  and  in  the  volumes  of  good  literature  that  are  always  to  be  found  within  his  reach.  He  was  born  in 
New  York  in  1815  and  at  the  age  of  twenty  succeeded  his  father  in  the  cider  business.  After  thirty-six 
years  of  active  business  he  retired  to  enjoy  the  results  of  his  industry  and  enterprise. 


John  F.  James. 


SECRET    ORDERS    AND    SPECIAL   SOCIETIES. 


981 


In  connection  with  tlie  Society  of  Old  Brooklynites,  tliere  is,  perhaps,  no  more  active,  enthusiastic,  or 
energetic  member  than  Daniel  T.  Leverich.  He  was  born  on  October  4,  1813,  in  the  village  of  Newtown, 
at  the  public  school  of  which  he  received  his  education.  When  he  was  si.xteen  years  old  he  removed  to 
Brooklyn  and  worked  at  the  printing  business  in  the  Long  Island  Star  office;  at  the  termination  of  his 
apprenticeship  he  went  into  the  grocery  business,  and  continued  in  it  until  1SS8.  In  1855-56  he  served  his 
ward  as  a  member  of  the  board  of  aldermen.  He  was  married  on  April  14,  1840,  and  in  1890  celebrated  his 
"  golden  wedding."  One  married  daughter  is  his  only  living  child.  He  began  business  on  the  corner  of  York 
and  James  streets  ;  but  when  the  bridge  was  erected  he  was  compelled  to  remove  to  the  corner  of  Washing- 
ton and  Prospect  streets,  remaining  there  twelve  years,  until  he  retired. 

George  W.  Bergen,  who  has  been  identified 
with  local  institutions  many  years^  was  born  in 
Brooklyn  in  1814.  After  studying  at  two  private 
schools  and  working  on  a  farm  he  began,  at  the 
age  of  nineteen,  to  learn  the  blacksmith's  trade, 
but  after  a  short  service  went  into  the  grocery 
business  as  a  clerk.  After  he  had  served  with 
various  employers,  he  began  business  in  1835  in 
partnership  with  his  brother,  John  Bergen,  on  the 
corner  of  Tillary  and  Pearl  streets.  The  firm  con- 
tinued in  business  only  a  year,  at  the  end  of  which 
time  George  W.  Bergen  went  to  Vicksburg,  Miss., 
and  became  a  partner  of  his  brother,  Peter  J.  Ber- 
gen. In  Vicksburg  he  remained  two  years,  return- 
ing to  Brooklyn  in  1838  to  make  another  venture 
in  the  grocery  business.  This  time  the  undertak- 
ing was  on  a  firmer  basis  and  a  wholesale  house 
was  established,  which  has  been  uniformly  suc- 
cessful and  is  now  known  under  the  firm  name  of 
Valentine,  Bergen  &  Co.  In  1838  he  married  the 
daughter  of  Mr.  Carman,  and  1869  began  the  erec- 
tion of  a  house  at  Freeport,  Queens  County,  where 
he  has  since  resided.  On  November  5,  1872,  he 
was  elected  treasurer  of  Queens  County,  which 
office  he  held  for  one  term.  He  is  prominent 
among  the  governors  of  Brooklyn  institutions,  and 
was  one  of  the  incorporators  and  first  directors  of 
the  Dime  Savings  Bank,  the  Phenix  Insurance 
Company,  and  Mechanics'  Bank,  holding  these 
positions  uninterruptedly,  except  the  last  mentioned,  until  the  present  time.  He  is  a  director  of  the 
Brooklyn  Bank  and  of  the  Brooklyn  City  Railroad,  and  a  life  member  of  the  Brooklyn  Library. 

Stephen  Kidder  is  a  prominent  member  of  several  public  and  private  organizations.  He  was  born  at 
Charlestown,  Mass.,  on  September  25,  1817,  and  came  to  Brooklyn  in  1827.  When  he  was  eighteen  years  old 
his  father  consented  to  his  joining  the  fire  department.  He  was  present  at  the  great  conflagration  of  1835 
in  New  York,  when  he  assisted  in  the  management  of  engine  No.  6.  Subsequently  he  became  a  member  of 
the  first  military  company  formed  in  Brooklyn,  which  had  been  organized  in  1830.  It  is  now  known  as 
Company  C  of  the  14th  Regiment.  He  learned  his  trade  with  his  father,  who  conducted  a  picture  frame  and 
mirror  establishment,  and  in  1841  began  business  for  himself.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Long  Island  Histori 
cal  and  New  England  societies,  and  a  director  of  the  Society  of  Old  Brooklynites.  The  Veteran  and 
Volunteer  Firemen's  associations  also  include  his  name  on  their  lists  ;  and  he  retains  connection  with  the 
14th  Regiment  as  an  honorary  member.     He  has  been  an  active  Odd  Fellow  nearly  fifty  years. 

The  career  of  Abrah.\m  M.  Sweet  has  been  as  varied  as  a  romance,  and  as  a  whole  has  been  marked  by 
success.  He  was  born  in  Oyster  Bay  township,  L.  I.,  in  1814,  and  after  studying  at  a  public  school  in  New 
York  he  went  to  the  home  of  a  Quaker  uncle  in  Dutchess  County,  where  he  continued  his  education  while 
he  followed  the  plow.  From  farming  he  went  to  the  tanning  trade,  but  soon  grew  weary  of  it  and  for  some 
time  thereafter  shifted  from  one  kind  of  work  to  another,  never  allowing  himself  to  be  idle,  but  not  being 
able  to  find  at  once  the  groove  in  which  he  could  move  along  most  satisfactorily.  In  1852  he  went  on  a 
whaling  voyage  which  lasted  nearly  twenty-two  months  and  netted  him  the  meagre  sum  of  $50.  With  this 
he  began  work  in  New  York  city  as  driver  of  a  horse  and  cart.  In  a  few  months  he  exchanged  that  employ- 
ment for  the  position  of  porter  in  a  wholesale  store  in  Exchange  street,  and  from  time  to  time  made  other 


George  W.  Bergen. 


9S2 


THE    EAGLE   AND    BROOKLYN. 


changes.  In  1853  his  frienil,  Isaac  V.  Fnwler,  gave  him  a  position  as  letter  carrier  in  the  New  York  post 
oltice  and  he  held  that  appointment  nine  years,  when  he  returned  to  the  restaurant  business  in  which  he 
had  previously  been  engaged  for  four  years,  and  in  which  he  remains.  He  moved  to  Brooklyn  in  1862.  He 
is  a  member  and  has  been  chairman  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Church  of  Our  Father  fifteen  years. 


NEW   ENGLAND   SOCIETY. 

The  New  England  Society  in  the  city  of  Brooklyn  was  formed  in  1880  with  the  design  of  commemorating 
annualLy  the  landing  of  the  "  Mayflower's  "  human  freight  upon  Plymouth  Rock,  on  December  22,  1620, 
and  to  encourage  the  study  and  preservation  of  everything  relating  to  the  early  history  of  the  pilgrim 
colonists.  To  qualify  for  membership  in  the  organization  it  was  necessary  to  be  a  native  of  one  of  the  New 
England  states,  or  a  descendant  of  a  native.  The  society  has  no  permanently  established  headquarters  ; 
but  it  generally  meets  in  the  Art  Association  rooms  on  Montague  street,  or  the  directors'  rooms  in  the 
Academy  of  Music,  and  many  of  the  most  prominent  Brooklynites  take  an  active  interest  in  its  welfare. 
The  certificate  of  incorporation  was  executed  on  February  26,  18S0,  with  the  following  signatures  appended  : 
Benjamin  I).  Silliman,  Calvin  E.  Pratt,  Ripley  Ropes,  John  Winslow,  Hiram  W.  Hunt,  Charles  Storrs,  and 
William  B.  Kendall.  The  first  president  of  the  society  was  Benjamin  I).  Silliman,  who  held  that  office  from 
18S0  until  1887.  He  was  succeeded  by  John  AVinslow,  who  presided  for  three  years.  Judge  Calvin 
E.  Pratt  followed  with  a  term  of  one  year  and  then  gave  way,  on  account  of  his  health,  to  his  brother 
justice,  Willard  H.  Bartlett.  After  retaining  the  presidency  for  two  terms,  from  1S90  until  1892,  Judge 
Bartlett  retired  and  Judge  Pratt  resumed  his  former  position.  The  anniversary  of  the  pilgrims'  landing 
at  Plymouth  has  been  annually  celebrated  by  a  banquet  which  has  obtained  wide  renown  by  reason  of 
the  distinguished  character  of  the  guests.  Every  effort  has  been  made  to  make  the  occasion  a  notable 
one  by  securing  the  presence  of  the  most  famous  men  in  the  United  States,  and  the  invitations  issued 
have  rarely  been  declined.  The  list  of  those  who  have  responded  to  toasts  on  those  occasions  includes 
Ulysses  S.  Grant,  William  M.  Evarts,  Joseph  Choate,  Rutherfcjrd  I!.  Hayes,  Bourke  Cockran,  William  T. 
Sherman,  Chester  A.  Arthur,  Oliver  Otis  Howard,  Grover  Cleveland,  Henry  W.  Slocum,  W.  C.  P.  Breckin- 
ridge, George  S.  Wise,  and  many  others  whose  reputations  are  of  national  and  international  note.  The  last 
appearance  at  a  public  event  of  that  great  leader  who  cut  his  way  through  the  heart  of  the  Confederacy 
and  opened  Georgia  to  the  Federal  troops,  was  at  the  New  England  dinner  in  the  Brooklyn  Academy  of 
Music,  in  December,  1890.  No  one  who  was  present  will  readily  forget  the  scene  that  followed  when  the 
silver-crested  warrior  entered  the  room  and  took  his  seat  at  the  right  of  the  president  and  near  to  his 
lieutenants,  Slocum    and    Howard,  who  had    followed    him  in  the  march    from  Atlanta  to  the  sea.     The 

honorary  membership  of  the  society  has  embraced 
from  time  to  time  the  names  of  U.  S.  Grant,  R.  B. 
Hayes,  W.  M.  Evarts,  AV.  T.  Sherman,  Noah  Porter, 
Chester  A.  .A.rthur,  William  P.  Frye,  Timothy  Dwight 
and  the  Rev.  A.  P.  Putnam,  D.  D.  The  membership 
is  450  and  the  officers  last  chosen  were  :  Calvin  E.  Pratt, 
president ;  Thomas  S.  Moore,  recording  secretary  ;  Wil- 
liam H.Williams,  corresponding  secretary;  Charles  N. 
Manchester,  treasurer. 

When  the  little  ship  "  Mayflower  "  landed  her  pil- 
grim passengers  on  the  "  stern  and  rock-bound  coast" 
at  Plymouth,  Mass.,  more  than  250  years  ago,  she 
planted  upon  American  soil  a  stock  whence  Brooklyn 
has  derived  some  of  its  best  blood.  Among  those  pil- 
grims were  the  ancestors  of  Albert  G.  Ropes,  whose 
descent  on  both  sides  of  the  house  from  the  founders 
of  the  colony  at  Plymouth  bay  makes  him  preem- 
inently at  home  as  a  member  of  the  New  England 
Society;  and  the  fact  that  the  old  city  of  Salem 
was  his  birthplace  is  an  additional  element  of  fit- 
ness in  his  membership.  He  has  been  a  resident  of 
Brooklyn  since  his  boyhood,  his  home  being  at  261 
Hicks  street.  His  father  was  the  late  Ripley  Ropes, 
and  his  mother,  Elizabeth  Graves.  He  was  born  in 
1852  and  came  to  Brooklyn  with  his  parents  in  1863; 
his  education,  begun  in  his  native  city,  was  com- 
pleted at  the  Polytechnic  Institute.      Entering  upon 


Aluekt  g.  Ropes. 


SECRET    ORDERS    AND    SPECIAL    SOCIETIES. 


9^3 


ime  to  bestow 


h,s  business  career  he  devoted  about  ten  years  to  the  hide  and  leather  trade  with  Hoyt  Bros.,  which  firm 
later  became  J.  B.  Hoyt  ^  Co.,  ,n  "The  Swamp,"  ,n  New  York  c.ty,  and  subsequently  he  was  with  th 
Export  Lumber  Company  two  years.  In  1883  he  became  a  partner  with  Isaac  F.  Chapman,  and  the  firm  of 
IK  Chapman  &  Co.  was  formed  to  carry  on  the  business  of  general  sh,ppn,g  merchants.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  and  of  the  Board  of  Trade  in  New  York.  Boating  is  the  pleasure  for  wh.ch 
he  has  most  inclination,  but  the  demands  of  business  engross  him  so  much  that  he  has  little  tir 
upon  anything  else.     He  married  a  daughter  of  Isaac  F.  Chapman 

In  Brooklyn  the  name  of  Carman  is  one  which  always  has  been  recogniz-ed  as  that  of  one  of  the  oldest 
and  most  respected  families  in  the  state  ;  and  in  both  the  business  and  social  life  of  the  city  the  represen- 
tatives  of  the  family  hold  prominent  positions.    To  this 
family  Nelson  G.  Carman,  Jr.,  belongs.     Although 
a  lawyer  by  profession,  and  one  of  well-known  abili- 
ties, his  talents  are  exercised  for  the  most  part  in  the 
management  of  his  extensive  personal  interests.     In 
politics  his  name  is  an  influential  one,  and  especially  in 
Suffolk  County,  but  he  is  not  and  never  has  been  a 
practical  politician  in  the  sense  in  which  that  expres- 
sion is  generally  used.    At  Babylon  he  has  officiated  as 
president  of  the  Republican  campaign  club  ;   he  has 
made  many  addresses  at  political   meetings  and  fre- 
quently he  has  been  asked  by  the  Republicans  in  the 
first  congressional  district  to  accept  official   honors, 
but  he  has  invariably  declined,   preferring  to  work  in 
the  ranks  for  the  benefit  of  his  party.      He  is  a  native 
of  Brooklyn  and  is  the  great-grandson  of  a  man  who 
was  one  of  the  most  prominent  in  Queens  County  dur- 
ing the  period  of  the  American  revolution.     This  an- 
cestor served  in  the  legislature  twenty  terms,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  convention  which  met  at  Poughkeep- 
sie  in  1788  to  pass  upon  the  ratification  of  the  pro- 
posed constitution  of  the  United  States.    Born  in  1847, 
Nelson  G.  Carman  studied  at  the  Polytechnic  Institute 
and    Prof.   Overheiser's  preparatory   school,  and  was 
graduated  at  Yale  College   in   1S69.      With   the  pro- 
fession of  the  law  in  view  as  his  ultimate  calling,  he 
accepted  a  position  with  the  Russell  &  Erwin  Manufac- 
turing Company,  manufacturers  and  jobbers  of  hard- 
ware in  New  York  city,  his  object  being  to  obtain  an  insight  into  business  methods.     He  remained  there  a 
year  and  a  half,  and  then  entered  the  Columbia  College  Law  School,  where  he  was  graduated  in  1874  ;  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  the  same  year.     Among  the  business  interests  to  which  he  is  related  is  the 
United  States  Projectile  Company,  of  which  he  is  a  trustee.     He  is  a  director  of  the  New  England  Society 
and  of  the  Brooklyn  Club,  and  he  is  included  in  the  membership  of  the  Hamilton,  Crescent,  and  Germania 
clubs.     His  home  at  54  Pierrepont  street  is  rich  with  artistic  adornment.     He  married  Mary  Adella  Gary, 
daughter  of  the  late  George  S.  Gary,  of  Brooklyn,  on  October  14,  1869. 

Walter  P.  Ropes  would  have  been  eligible  to  membership  in  the  New  England  Society  even  if  he 
had  been  born  in  Brooklyn,  whither  he  was  brought  by  his  father,  Ripley  Ropes,  from  Salem,  Mass.  He 
was  born  in  the  "City  of  Witches"  on  July  6,  1862.  Receiving  his  education  in  Brooklyn,  he  began  his 
business  life  in  the  house  of  A.  A.  Low  cSc  Bro.,  and  there  he  secured  a  tliorough  training  in  commercial 
methods.  He  is  engaged  in  business  for  himself,  as  a  manufacturer  in  New  York.  He  married  Miss 
Frances  Ver  Nooy  in  October,  1889,  and  resides  at  40  Pierrepont  street. 

N.  B.  Sanborn  is  a  New  Englander  by  birth,  having  been  born  in  Wheelock,  Vt.,  on  January  21,  1840  ; 
his  father  was  Anson  Sanborn,  who  f(jr  some  years  was  engaged  in  the  lumber  business  in  Massachusetts, 
whither  the  family  name  was  brought  in  1640  by  two  brothers  who  came  from  England  to  settle  in  the  pil- 
grim colonies.  Mr.  Sanborn  was  educated  at  Auburn,  Mass.,  and  when  old  enough  to  leave  school  was 
employed  by  his  father  until  he  attained  his  majority,  when  he  began  to  study  law  at  the  University  of 
the  City  of  New  York.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  state  in  1865.  He  is  a  member  of  the  New 
England  Society,  and  as  a  member  of  the  Atlantic  Yacht  Club  indulges  in  nautical  recreations.  He  resides 
at  13  Spencer  place.     His  wife  was  Miss  Frances  G.  G.  Rice,  of  New  York. 

Charles  Noyes  Chadwick  inherits  from  his  Puritan  ancestry  an  interest  in  the  intellectual  development 


Nelson  G.  Carman,  Jr. 


9S4 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


of  the  race  which  has  led  him  into  prominent  connection  with  educational  matters  in  Brooklyn,  where 
for  many  years  he  has  had  his  home.  In  1876  his  attention  was  attracted  to  the  kindergarten  system  of 
education,  and  he  succeeded  in  interesting  several  of  his  friends  in  the  subject ;  with  their  cooperation 
a  small  kindergarten  school  was  inaugurated  in  the  back  parlor  of  a  private  house,  where  it  won  the  favor  of 
both  children  and  parents  and  soon  the  question  of  putting  it  upon  a  larger  and  more  permanent  basis  was 
in  order.  The  Froebel  Academy  was  established  with  kindergarten  methods  in  all  its  departments  and  a 
curriculum  including  academic  and  industrial  branches  of  education.  Mr.  Chadwick  is  chairman  of  the 
executive  committee  and  the  general  committee  of  the  Brooklyn  Kindergarten  Association.  The  business  in 
which  he  is  engaged  is  the  manufacture  of  underwear,  waists,  and  corsets,  and  it  was  begun  thirty  years  ago 
in  New  Haven,  Conn.,  by  a  company  of  which  he  has  been  the  vice-president  and  general  manager  since  its 
incorporation  in  1890.  The  factory  was  removed  to  Brooklyn  a  year  ago  ;  between  two  hundred  and  three 
hundred  operatives  are  employed.  Mr.  Chadwick  began  his  business  career  in  the  New  York  banking  house 
of  Henry  Clews  &  Co.  in  1869,  and  from  there  went  into  the  drygoods  commission  business  in  New  York, 
forming  two  partnerships,  finally  becoming  interested  in  the  enterprise  with  which  he  is  now  connected. 
He  was  educated  at  Yale  in  the  class  of  1870,  and  after  leaving  college  spent  a  year  in  travel  and  study 
in  Germany,  France,  and  England.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Yale  Alumni  Association,  of  Long  Island,  and 
an  honorary  member  of  the  Franklin  Literary  Society.     He  was  born  in  1849  in  the  town  of  Lyme,  Conn. 

Austin  W.  Follett  was  born  in  Richford,  Vt.,  on  August  5,  1833,  and  the  family  moved  to  Ohio  in 
1836.  He  was  clerk  in  a  country  store  from  1854  until  1866,  when,  with  his  brother  George,  he  moved  to 
New  York  city,  and  began  trading  in  wool  as  member  of  the  firm  of  Armstrong,  Follett  &:  Co.  On  the 
retirement  of  the  senior  partner  the  firm  became  George  Follett  &  Co.  Mr.  Follett,  in  addition  to  his 
membership  in  the  New  England  Society,  is  a  member  of  most  of  the  York  and  Scottish  rite  masonic 
bodies,  the  Vermont  and  Ohio  societies  and  the  Lincoln  Club. 

The  Brooklyn  Society  of  Vermonters  was  organized  on  March  4,  1891,  on  the  centenary  of  the 
admission  of  Vermont  into  the  Union.  The  society  has  seventy  members,  all  of  whom  are  men  doing  busi- 
ness or  living  in  Brooklyn.  All  of  them  are  either  native  Vermonters,  or  lived  in  that  state  a  sufficient  time 
to  have  acquired  a  residence.  The  first  meeting  of  the  society  was  held  at  the  Union  League  club  house. 
The  headquarters  of  the  society  are  at  the  office  of  its  treasurer,  300  Fulton  street.  The  ofificers  are  : 
Robert  I).  Benedict,  president  ;   Robert  J.  Kimball,  secretary;    F.  H.  Chandler,  treasurer. 

The  New  England  Social  Society  is  a  smaller  society  than  the  organization  just  mentioned,  and  its 
object  is  indicated  in  its  name.     The  membership  is  130. 

The  St.  Nicholas  Society  of  Nassau  Island  was  organized  in  1848,  and  General  Jeremiah  John- 
son was  the  first  president.  It  has  300  members,  and  the  officers  are  Henry  I).  Polhemus,  president,  and 
William  T.  Lane,  secretary.  Only  persons  who  are  wholly  or  in  part  of  Dutch  extraction,  or  descendants  of 
persons  who  were  residents  of  Long  Island  prior  to  1786  are  eligible  for  membership.  The  objects  of  the 
society  are  to  promote  social  intercourse  among  the  members  and  to  collect  and  preserve  information 
respecting  the  history,  settlements,  manners,  customs,  etc.,  of  the  early  inhabitants.  The  society  gives  a  din- 
ner annually  and  the  virtues  of  the  Dutch  colonists  are  usually  dwelt  upon  in  the  postprandial  oratory. 

The  Sons  of  Veterans  is  an  organization  the  aims  of  which  are  very  similar  to  those  of  the  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic.  The  conditions  of  membership  are  that  the  applicant  shall  be  eighteen  years  of 
age  and  a  lineal  descendant  of  an  honorably  discharged  soldier,  sailor,  or  marine  who  served  in  the  civil 
war.  There  are  now  thirty-two  divisions  of  the  Sons  of  Veterans,  each  having  its  own  division  commander 
and  corps  of  officers.  These  divisions  contain  2,500  camps,  in  which  there  is  a  total  membership  of  more 
than  100,000.     There  are  nine  camps  in  Brooklyn. 

The  Daughters  of  the  Revolution  is  a  society  similar  in  character  to  the  Society  of  Sons  of  the 
Revolution,  and  the  Brooklyn  organization  was  established  in  1S91.  It  is  known  as  the  Long  Island 
Chapter  and  has  a  membership  of  thirty.  Mrs.  Horatio  C.  King  is  regent;  Mrs.  Lyman  Abbott,  vice- 
regent  ;  Mrs.  Henry  Sanger  Snow,  registrar  ;  Mrs.  Van  Buren  Thayer,  treasurer.  The  motto  of  the  society 
is  "  Liberty,  Home,  and  Country." 

The  Women's  Relief  Corps,  auxiliary  to  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  devotes  its  attention 
especially  to  the  beneficial  and  social  features  of  the  organization.  The  corps  has  five  subordinate  bodies 
in  Brooklyn. 

With  nearly  one  thousand  members  the  Brooklyn  Volunteer  Firemen's  Association  strongly  repre- 
sents the  organization  of  men  who  defended  the  city  from  the  ravages  of  fire  before  the  days  of  the  paid 
department.  The  honor  of  saving  life  and  property  was  their  sole  incentive  for  the  personal  risk  and  the 
sacrifice  of  time  which  attended  their  service,  and  it  was  natural  that  the  comradeship  engendered  among 
tiKjse  who  manned  the  ropes  and  brakes,  plied  the  hooks  and  climbed  the  ladders  amid  smoke  and  flame, 
should  be  perpetuated  in  an  organized  body  designed  to  promote  friendly  and  social  intercourse  among  the 
old-time  "fire  laddies,"  preserve  and  arrange  their  records  and  mementoes,  afford  relief  to  such  of  the 


SECRET    ORDERS    AND    SPECIAL    SOCIETIES.  985 

members  as  encounter  misfortune,  and  give  lionorabie  burial  to  tlie  dead.  The  association  was  organized 
on  January  15,  1885,  and  was  incorporated  on  July  24  of  the  same  year.  From  the  first  its  president  has 
been  John  Courtney  ;  the  other  officers  are  A.  H.  F.  Bauer,  secretary  ;  Peter  S.  Keenan,  financial  secretary. 
Until  IVIarch,  1887,  the  association  met  in  the  first  district  court  room  in  the  city  hall,  since  which  time  it 
has  occupied  handsomely  furnished  rooms  in  the  basement  of  that  building.  Among  the  adornments  of 
the  rooms  are  many  relics  ot  the  old  volunteer  department.  The  annual  ball  of  the  association  is  one  of 
the  events  of  the  social  season  and  its  proceeds  are  divided  between  the  mutual  aid  fund  and  the  general 
fund.  Excursions,  in  which  old-time  water-throwing  contests  are  a  feature,  are  a  frecjuent  source  of  pleasure 
to  the  members,  and  they  are  proud  participants  in  the  firemen's  conventions  held  all  over  the  country. 
The  association  is  harmonious  in  its  membership  and  strong  in  its  financial  standing. 

The  Veter.^n  Volunteer  Firemen  occupy  a  three-story  brick  building  at  90  Livingston  street.  On 
Tuesday  evening,  November  23,  1SS6,  members  of  the  old  volunteer  fire  department  met  in  the  basement 
of  the  city  hall  to  organize  a  Veteran  Firemen's  .Association,  to  be  composed  of  only  such  firemen  as  had 
served  five  years  or  over  in  the  volunteer  fire  department  of  the  Western  District  of  the  city  of  Brooklyn. 
It  vi'as  decided  to  hold  weekly  meetings.  On  Tuesday  evening,  January  11,  1SS7,  a  permanent  organiza- 
tion was  effected.  As  there  always  were  social  features  in  the  old  volunteer  fire  department  which  tended 
greatly  to  keep  up  a  good  feeling  among  the  "  boys,"  the  house  at  90  Livingston  street  has  been  fitted  up 
to  enable  them  to  have  just  such  old  time  gatherings  as  they  used  to  have  in  their  various  engine,  hose, 
and  truck  houses.  The  basement  forms  a  banqueting  hall  and  a  sitting  room,  which  is  in  constant  use,  and 
there  is  a  well  furnished  kitchen  in  the  rear.  The  two  floors  above  are  likewise  furnished,  the  wives  and 
families  of  the  "  old  vamps  "  often  participating  in  the  entertainments  that  are  given  in  these  parlors.  The 
third  story  is  devoted  to  the  use  of  the  janitor.  The  association  numbers  250  members  and  has  the  follow- 
ing officers:  A.  J.  Michaels,  president;  Peter  C.  Brown,  vice-president;  Joseph  H.  Downing,  secretary; 
William  Fleming,  financial   secretary;    Samuel   Bowden,  treasurer  ;    John   Morris,  sergeant-at-arms. 

There  are  three  exempt  firemen's  associations  in  Brooklyn — the  Exempt  Firemen's  Association  of 
THE  City  of  Brooklyn  (Western  District),  the  Exempt  Firemen's  Association  of  the  Eastern  Dis- 
trict, and  the  New  Lots  Exempt  Firemen's  Association.  That  of  the  Western  District  was  formed  on 
January  9,  1852,  and  regularly  incorporated  on  July  19,  1874.  Its  object  is  to  look  after  sick  and  disabled 
firemen  and  to  care  for  their  widows  and  orphans.  To  be  eligible  for  membership  it  is  necessary  for  an 
applicant  to  have  served  a  full  term  in  the  volunteer  department  of  the  Western  District  and  to  have 
received  an  honorable  discharge.  The  membership  is  little  less  than  one  hundred.  The  Exempt  Fire- 
men's Association  of  the  Eastern  District  was  organized  on  November  14,  1882,  and  incorporated  on  April 
4,  1883.  Its  object  is  similar  to  that  of  the  organization  of  the  Western  District,  and  on  its  rolls  are  mem- 
bers from  every  company  of  the  old  department.  Its  first  home  was  in  Military  Hall  in  the  si.xteenth  ward, 
but  these  quarters  were  soon  outgrown,  and  the  common  council  granted  an  application  made  to  them  for  a 
lease  of  Firemen's  Hall,  on  Bedford  avenue,  near  North  First  street,  which  is  now  used  as  headquarters. 
There  are  over  four  hundred  members.  The  New  Lots  Exempt  Firemen's  Association  began  its  existence 
on  July  12,  1886,  being  formed  by  members  of  seven  companies,  which,  before  the  annexation  of  New  Lots 
to  Brooklyn,  composed  the  fire  service  of  the  town.  The  association,  which  has  its  head(iuarters  in  the 
twenty-sixth  ward,  was  incorporated  on  July  26,  1886,  and  its  purpose  is  more  of  a  social  nature  than  that 
of  the  other  two  organizations.     There  are  nearly  two  hundred  members. 

MISCELLANEOUS    SPECIAL    AND    SECRET    SOCIETIES. 

To  the  women  of  Brooklyn  belongs  the  honor  of  founding  one  of  the  first  women's  clubs  instituted  in 
this  country.  In  the  spring  of  1869,  at  the  home  of  Mrs.  Anna  C.  Field,  the  Brooklyn  AVoman's  Club 
was  organized.  The  regular  meetings  began  in  January,  )87o.  Papers  of  incorporation  were  signed  on 
March  31,  1871.  In  accordance  with  constitutional  provisions,  semi-monthly  day  meetings  for  literary  work 
and  general  conferences  have  since  taken  place  regularly  during  eight  months  of  each  year  (October  to  May, 
inclusive),  usually  attended  by  women  only.  These  have  been  varied  with  more  or  less  frequency  accord- 
ing to  circumstances,  by  social  receptions  attended  by  both  men  and  women.  In  the  latest  phase  of  its 
organization  the  regular  business  of  the  club  is  transacted  at  four  formal  business  meetings,  occurring 
respectively  in  November,  January,  March,  and  May,  each  preceded  by  a  social  luncheon  for  members 
only.  The  anniversary  of  the  founding  of  the  club  is  celebrated  by  a  social  entertainment,  at  which  cour- 
tesies are  extended  to  the  representatives  of  other  clubs.  The  object  of  the  club  as  defined  in  its  consti- 
tution is  the  improvement  of  its  members,  and  the  practical  consideration  of  the  important  questions  that 
grow  out  of  the  relation  of  the  individual  to  society.  It  is  independent  of  sect,  party,  and  social  cliques, 
the  basis  of  membership  being  earnestness  of  purpose,  love  of  truth,  and  a  desire  to  promote  the  best 


86  THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 

interests  of  humanity.  Each  member  is  enrolled  for  service  upon  some  one  of  the  eight  standing  commit- 
tees, which  have  in  charge  the  subjects  of  education,  literature,  music,  current  topics,  art,  philanthropy, 
science,  and  the  home.  There  is  also  an  efficient  committee  devoted  to  the  kindergarten  and  its  practical 
interests.  The  art  of  conversation  is  assiduously  cultivated,  and  the  habit  of  making  clear  and  accurate 
statements  and  inferences  is  a  primary  aim.  Music  of  a  high  order  is  a  feature  of  many  of  the  meetings, 
and  social  acquaintance  is  cultivated.  The  society  has  made  itself  a  home  for  new  ideas  and  reform 
movements.  In  this  capacity  it  has  been  the  parent  of  several  enterprises  related  to  the  best  growth  of 
Brooklyn.  The  need  of  a  suitable  boarding  house  for  teachers,  artists  and  other  self-supporting  women, 
which  should  possess  the  grace  and  cheer  of  a  home  and  still  protect  the  freedom  of  the  individual,  early 
attracted  the  attention  of  the  members.  Mrs.  Anna  C.  Field  devoted  her  time  and  talents  to  this  end,  and 
with  the  assistance  of  the  club  members  she  succeeded  in  establishing  the  Business  Women's  Union  in  the 
spring  of  1871.  Wise  management  has  continued  the  prosperity  of  the  home  to  the  present  tim.e.  Repre- 
sentatives of  the  club  took  part  in  the  International  Prison  Conference  held  in  London  in  1872.  In  May, 
1873,  the  preliminary  movements  relating  to  the  establishment  in  Kings  County  of  a  branch  of  the  State 
Charities  Aid  Association  were  made  by  the  club,  and  the  successful  outcome  of  those  movements  is  widely 
known.  Other  movements  that  received  an  impulse  from  the  club  were  those  resulting  in  the  establishment 
of  training  schools  for  nurses,  cooking  schools,  a  training  school  for  kindergarten  teachers,  a  free  kinder- 
garten, and  the  Brooklyn  Kindergarten  Association.  The  list  of  officers  for  the  year  1892-3  is  :  Mrs.  Helen 
H.  Backus,  president ;  Mrs.  Amelia  K.  Wing,  vice-president  ;  Mrs.  Louise  Catlin,  treasurer  ;  Mrs.  Sarah 
M.  Safford  and  Mrs.  Clementine  Wing,  secretaries.  The  regular  meetings  of  the  club  were  at  first  held  in 
Low's  building,  at  the  corner  of  Court  and  Joralemon  streets.  In  November,  1870,  rooms  were  occupied 
at  280  Henry  street,  and  in  May,  1S71,  possession  was  taken  of  the  parlors  at  80  Willoughby  street  in  the 
Business  Women's  Home.  In  the  beginning  of  1893,  the  club  moved  to  the  assembly  room  in  the  new 
building  of  the  Young  Women's  Christian  Association,  at  Flatbush  and  Third  avenues. 

In  the  fall  of  1889  Miss  Virginia  Klingler  had  a  reading  notice  inserted  in  one  of  the  journals  devoted 
to  the  interests  of  stenographers,  inviting  all  those  in  Brooklyn  interested  in  the  subject  of  forming  a  local 
association  to  meet  at  her  home.  In  response  to  this  invitation,  twelve  or  fifteen  shorthand  writers  assem- 
bled in  her  parlors  and  formed  the  Brooklyn  Stenographers'  Association.  The  actual  date  of  the 
organization  was  February  17,  1890.  The  association  grew  rapidly  and,  after  several  changes  of  quarters, 
it  finally  located  itself  at  330  Greene  avenue  in  April,  1892,  and  leased  the  house  for  two  years.  The  prac- 
tical features  of  the  association  are  the  business  meetings,  the  typewriting  department,  the  dictation 
classes  for  speed  practice,  and  the  literary  society.  The  social  features  consist  of  receptions,  card,  lawn, 
and  other  parties,  as  well  as  the  special  entertainments  which  are  given  annually  and  which  are  open  to 
the  public.  There  are  also  bicycle,  base  ball,  lawn  tennis,  and  croquet  clubs  for  out-door  sports,  while  the 
pool  and  billiard  tables  supplement  the  regular  and  special  amusements  within.  Membership  in  the  asso- 
ciation is  open  to  any  one  of  either  se.x  who  is  over  eighteen  years  of  age  and  of  good  character,  who  has 
used  shorthand  for  business  purposes  for  twelve  months,  and  is  able  to  write  seventy-five  words  or  more 
per  minute  and  read  the  same  correctly.  Any  shorthand  writer  living  outside  of  Brooklyn  is  eligible  to  a 
non-resident  membership.  The  association  is  strictly  impartial  in  relation  to  any  system  of  shorthand,  any 
typewriting  machine,  or  any  stenographic  publication.  The  government  is  vested  in  an  executive  commit- 
tee, composed  of  the  officers  and  eight  additional  members.  The  officers  of  the  association  are  :  William 
P.  Charles,  president ;  Edwin  F.  Treat,  secretary  ;   E.  M.  Martin,  treasurer. 

The  Brooklyn  Bar  Association,  which  has  125  members,  was  incorporated  on  June  28,  1889,  under 
the  act  of  1S87,  its  object  being  ''  to  cultivate  the  science  of  jurisprudence,  to  promote  reform  in  the  law, 
to  facilitate  the  administration  of  justice,  to  elevate  the  standard  of  integrity,  honor,  and  courtesy  in  the 
legal  profession,  and  to  cherish  the  spirit  of  brotherhood  among  the  members  thereof."  Any  lawyer  in 
good  standing  who  resides  or  has  an  office  in  Kings  County  is  eligible  to  membership.  The  officers  are : 
George  G.  Reynolds,  president ;  David  Barnett,  first  vice-president ;  Joseph  A.  Burr,  Jr.,  second  vice-presi- 
dent ;  Daniel  W.  Northup,  recording  secretary;  James  D.  Bell,  corresponding  secretary  ;  Stephen  C.  Betts, 
librarian  and  treasurer. 

Connected  with  the  medical  and  surgical  professions  and  related  callings  there  are  several  well-estab- 
lished societies  in  Brooklyn.  These  include  the  Medical  Society  of  Kings  County,  with  472  members, 
whose  official  organ  is  the  Brooklyn  Medical  Journal ;  the  Homceopathic  Medical  Society  of  the  County 
OF  Kings,  with  130  members  ;  Kings  County  Medical  Association,  with  90  members  ;  Brooklyn  Academy 
OF  Medicine  ;  Kings  County  Pharmaceutical  Association,  with  200  members  ;  Brooklyn  Dermatolog- 
ical  and  Genito-Urinary  Society,  Brooklyn  Gynaecological  Society,  Brooklyn  Pathological 
Society,  Brooklyn  Dental  Society,  and  the  Hoagland  Laboratory. 

Temperance  Organizations. — The  temperance  movement  in  Brooklyn  began  about  the  middle  of  the 
present  century,  when  the  revulsion  against  the  universal  drinking  habits  of  the  time  first  made  itself  felt. 


SECRET    ORDERS    AND    SPECIAL    SOCIETIES.  987 

At  that  time  meetings  for  the  object  of  suppressing  the  traffic  in  liquors  were  frequent  and  converts  were 
many.  The  propaganda  extended  throughout  the  country  and,  as  a  consequence,  many  and  various  societies 
were  established,  all  of  which  had  for  their  object  the  extension  of  the  temperance  movement  and  the  sup- 
pression of  the  drink  habit.  This  crusade  was  carried  on  with  the  greatest  energy  and  numbered  among 
its  advocates  some  of  the  best  thinkers  and  orators  of  the  country.  But,  on  the  other  hand,  it  was  an  attack 
on  the  existing  order  of  things  and,  as  such,  was  fiercely  resented  by  conservatives  who  were  far  from  being 
impressed  with  the  stories  of  the  evil  effects  of  intemperance  in  the  use  of  stimulants  detailed  by  the 
reformers.  As  a  consequence,  the  new  temperance  societies  were  not  always  welcomed  by  the  communities 
of  which  they  were  in  reality  a  part.  From  being  ridiculed  the  reformers  gradually  came  to  be  sneered  at 
and,  in  many  cases,  despised.  This  state  of  things  gave  birth  to  secret  orders  which,  under  such  names 
as  the  "Sons  of  Temperance"  or  "Good  Templars,"  were  enabled  to  continue  the  work  without  external 
interference,  and  the  temperance  movement  then  became  recognized  as  sound  and  true.  To-day  there 
exist  in  Brooklyn  many  societies  devoted  to  spreading  the  temperance  reform  and  to  securing  national  and 
state  legislation  in  conformity  with  their  views.  The  Sons  of  Temperance  have  nine  "  divisions,"  meeting 
in  various  parts  of  the  city.  The  Independent  Order  of  Good  Templars,  the  next  oldest,  has  twelve 
lodges,  and  the  junior  organization,  the  Cadets  of  Temperance,  has  six  "sections"  on  Long  Island.  In 
addition  to  these,  there  are  the  five  Temples  of  Honor  and  Temperance.  But  the  most  effective  work  is 
by  no  means  done  by  these  fraternal  and  mutual  benefit  orders,  but  by  the  societies  comprised  in  the 
National  Temperance  Society,  an  organization  founded  twenty  years  ago,  and  whose  present  officers  are 
the  Rev.  T.  L.  Cuyler,  president ;  J.  N.  Stearnes,  corresponding  secretary  ;  George  H.  Hick,  financial  sec- 
retary, and  W.  D.  Porter,  treasurer.  The  Kings  County  Women's  Christian  Temperance  Union  was 
founded  fourteen  years  ago  for  the  purpose  of  aiding  the  movement  in  those  various  ways  in  which  women 
are  so  efficient.  Its  present  officers  are  :  Mrs.  Louise  Vanderhoef,  president ;  Mrs.  J.  Braman,  vice-presi- 
dent ;  Mrs.  Anna  S.  Reeves,  secretary  ;  Mrs.  M.  J.  Annable,  treasurer ;  and  Miss  E.  W.  Greenwood,  repre- 
sentative-at-large.  In  addition  to  this,  the  Young  Ladies'  Union  has  three  branches  in  Brooklyn,  all 
devoted  to  the  same  work.  Various  religious  denominations  likewise  have  associate  societies  devoted 
to  this  crusade.  The  chief  of  these  are  the  Knights  of  Temperance,  connected  with  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church  of  the  diocese  of  Long  Island,  and  the  League  of  the  Cross,  a  local  Catholic  society, 
comprising  several  thousand  members.  There  are  many  societies  devoted  to  the  same  cause  that  work 
independently  of  these  great  unions.  The  three  chief  associations  of  this  character  are  the  following : 
American  Temperance  Union,  of  which  the  officers  are  Dudley  Pritchard,  president ;  D.  A.  Davies,  secre- 
tary, and  William  Haddon,  treasurer.  The  Brooklyn  Juvenile  Temperance  Union  comprises  the  Band 
of  Hope,  Loyal  Temperance  Legions,  and  other  old  time  organizations;  its  officers  are  J.  Bicknell,  presi- 
dent, and  L.  C.  Fish,  secretary.  The  Christian  Rescue  Temperance  Union,  Mrs.  S.  Duer,  president, 
is  connected   with  the  mission  organized  by  Mrs.  Duer  twelve  years  ago. 

The  Germans  have  brought  several  of  their  secret  societies  into  Brooklyn  and  some  of  these  are  quite 
strong  in  numbers.  The  Deutscher  Orden  der  Harugari  has  fourteen  lodges  and  925  members.  The 
Deutscher  Orden  der  Schwarzen  Ritter  is  peculiar  in  that  most  of  its  local  branches  are  named  for 
such  distinguished  Americans  as  George  Washington,  Abraham  Lincoln,  and  James  A.  Garfield  ;  there  are 
six  organizations,  with  a  total  membership  of  398.  There  are  five  branches  of  the  Freier  Orden  der 
Rothmaenner  in  Brooklyn,  and  the  order  has  also  three  ladies'  circles.  There  are  three  branches  of  the 
Orden  der  Ehren  Brueder,  nineteen  of  the  Order  of  Germania,  four  of  the  Unabhaengiger  Orden 
DER  Guten  Brueder,  and  six  of  the  Order  of  the  Sons  of  Hermann.  The  last  named  has  a  total 
membership  of  500  in  Brooklyn. 

The  Hebrew  societies  of  the  city  of  Brooklyn  cover  a  wide  field  of  social,  political,  and  beneficial  effort. 
They  include  four  lodges  of  the  Ancient  Order  Kesher  Shel  Barzel  ;  three  lodges  of  the  Independent 
Order  of  B'nai  B'rith  ;  four  of  the  Independent  Order  of  Free  Sons  of  Israel  ;  three  lodges  of 
the  order  of  B'rith  Abraham  ;  and  three  lodges  of  the  order  of  Sons  of  Benjamin.  There  are  also 
ten  representative  benevolent  Hebrew  societies,  besides  a  number  of  social  clubs.  Of  the  large  Hebrew 
charitable  institutions  mention  is  made  elsewhere  in  this  volume. 

The  principle  of  self-help  and  the  preservation  of  national  traditions  and  associations  is  strikingly 
characteristic  of  the  Scandinavian  residents  of  this  city,  and  the  result  has  been  the  establishment  by  them 
of  organizations  which  cover  every  department  of  social  and  political  life.  They  have  fourteen  societies  in 
Brooklyn  devoted  to  beneficial  aud  provident  purposes,  several  building  societies,  four  representative  social 
clubs  and  seven  political  associations.  The  membership  of  all  these  is  large  and  includes  many  of  the 
most  prominent  citizens  of  Scandinavian  birth  or  descent. 

There  are  six  Italian  mutual  benefit  associations  in  Brooklyn,  whose  objects  are  to  care  for  the  sick  and 
distressed  and  bury  the  dead.  These  are  the  Fraterno  Amore  Society,  with  100  members;  the  Italian 
Mutual  Benefit  Society,  with  300  members;  the  National  Italian  Society,  with  100  members;  the 


988  THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 

Society  of  the  Prince  of  Naples,  with  95  members;  the  Stato  Maggiore  Savoja  Society,  with 
55  members,  and  the  Societa  Aritgiaxi  Padulesi.  There  are  also  two  social  organizations — the  Cris- 
TOFORO  Colombo  Clud  and  the  Francis  L,  Corrao  Association — and  seven  clubs  purely  political  in 
character.  All  of  these  bodies  are  representative  in  a  large  degree  of  the  better  class  of  Italian  life,  and 
all  are  prosperous  and  progressive. 

Among  the  representative  Spanish  societies  in  Brooklyn  is  La  Beneficencia  EspaNola,  which  fur- 
nishes assistance  to  destitute  Spaniards.  It  has  325  members.  La  Nacional  Mutual  Benevolent 
Society  is  another  Spanish  association  organized  for  beneficial  purposes.  It  was  incorporated  in  1868,  and 
has  a  capital  of  $15,000.  The  membership  roll  bears  350  names.  La  Armonia  is  a  Spanish  association 
having  mutual  instruction  and  recreation  as  its  aims.     There  are  250  members. 

Scottish  residents  of  Bi'ooklyn,  including  those  who  are  members  of  families  originating  in  Scotland 
but  natives  of  this  country,  have  three  organizations  in  Brooklyn.  The  Brooklyn  Caledonian  Club  aims 
to  preserve  the  traditions  and  games  of  the  fatherland,  and  the  Scottish  Club  of  South  Brooklyn  exists 
for  a  similar  purpose.  Clan  MacDonald,  No.  t,^,  aims  to  unite  representatives  of  all  the  clans  in  the 
preservation  of    national  characteristics,  and  embodies  the  mutual  benefit  and   life   insurance  features. 

The  Brooklyn  Police  Mutual  Aiu  Association  was  organized  in  1855  and  has  a  membership  of 
1,280.  The  Brooklyn  Newsdealers'  Protective  and  Benevolent  Association  has  100  members.  The 
Brotherhood  of  Steamd(.iat  Pil(jts  is  represented  in  Brooklvn  b\'  an  organization  known  as  E.xcelsior 
Harbor  5.  The  Letter  Carriers'  Benefit  Association  has  390  members.  Brooklyn  teachers  have  five 
organizations — the  Brooklyn  Teachers'  Life  Assurance  Association,  the  Brooklyn  Teachers' Bene- 
fit Association,  the  Bro.oklvn  Principals'  Association,  the  BRO()KL^•N  Teachers'  Association,  and  the 
Schoolmasters'  Club.  There  are  a  number  of  alumni  associations  and  other  organizations  designed  to 
perpetuate  the  friendships  of  school  and  college.  There  is  a  very  large  number  of  other  special  societies, 
mostly  of  a  social  nature,  and  new  ones  come  into  existence  every  year  ;  while  some,  having  served 
their  purpose  or  failing  to  develop  elements  of  permanency,  become  extinct.  The  greater  number  of  these 
are  of  minor  importance,  and  it  is  sufficient  to  say  of  them  that  in  general  they  represent  mere  local  or 
mutual  interest.  Of  secret  orders  and  special  societies  not  heretofore  mentioned  the  following  is  a  list: 
American  Legion  of  Honor  ;  fifty-two  local  organizations  and  7,225  members.  Ancient  Order  of  Good 
Fellows  ;  three  lodges  and  250  members.  Fraternal  Legiox  ;  eight  camps.  Grand  United  Order 
OF  Odd  Fellows;  six  lodges.  Knights  and  Ladies  of  the  Golden  Star;  eight  local  organizations 
and  566  members.  Legion  of  Justice  ;  five  local  bodies.  National  Benevolent  LTnion  ;  eleven  local 
bodies.  National  Union;  two  local  bodies.  National  Provident  Union;  thirty-eight  councils  and 
4,200  members.  Order  of  Chosen  Friends;  fifteen  local  organizations.  Order  of  the  Golden  Chain; 
two  local  organizations.  The  Order  of  Sons  of  St.  George,  composed  of  persons  of  British  birth  or 
immediate  descent,  but  American  in  sentiment  and  aims,  has  ten  lodges  and  t,8oo  members;  a  kindred 
organization — the  Order  of  the  Daughters  of  St.  George — has  one  lodge  named  in  honor  of  Princess 
Beatrice,  the  youngest  daughter  of  Queen  Victoria.  The  Order  of  Tonti  is  a  cooperative  insurance  asso- 
ciation of  large  local  strength,  having  thirty-six  branches  in  Brooklyn.  The  Order  of  the  World  has 
nine  local  organizations.  In  the  three  branches  of  the  Society  of  Select  Guardians  there  are  275  mem- 
bers. Eight  lodges  represent  the  Sexennial  League,  and  there  are  thirty-one  lodges  of  the  Triennial 
League,  which  has  a  total  local  membership  of  1,900.  The  Templars  of  Liberty  are  represented  by 
eighteen  local  organizations. 


THE  STAGE-PROFESSIONAL  AND  AMATEUR. 


&  ORE  than   any  other  form  of  enterprise,  that  pertaining  to  the  conduct  of  theatres 


The    bigger 


in  Broolclyn  was  discouraged  by  the  neighborhood  of  New  York, 
town  had  the  first  theatres,  and  Brooklynites  fell  into  the  habit  of  crossing  the 
ferry  to  see  plays  and  hear  music,  until  they  got  the  notion  that  nothing  in  their 
own  city  was  worth  seeing  or  hearing.  It  was  a  difficult  and  costly  undertaking 
for  managers  to  persuade  them  out  of  this  practice,  and  nearly  as  many  dollars 
were  lost  in  producing  plays  and  establishing  theatres  here  as  were  afterwards 
gained  through  popular  confidence.  For  a  long  time  managers  and  public  held 
each  other  in  mutual  distrust.  People  believed  that  if  they  went  to  the  play  they 
would  see  only  an  inferior  performance.  Managers  knew  that  if  they  gave  the 
play  in  any  manner  it  was  at  a  risk.  This  state  of  things  disappeared  with  the 
growing  independence  of  Brooklyn,  which  begot  a  more  liberal  policy  on  the  part 
of  those  who  provide  amusements,  and  a  consequent  growth  of  confidence  on 
the  part  of  their  patrons.  Yet,  in  spite  of  the  slow  evolution  of  a  local  autonomy  in  theatrical  as  m 
other  matters,  the  history  of  the  Brooklyn  stage  has  not  been  insignificant.  The  first  play  enacted  here 
of  which  there  is  a  record  was  given  by  British  officers  before  an  audience  of  soldiers  and  Tories  in  1776. 
That  was  the  time  when  the  fields  about  the  village  were  garnished  with  tents  of  the  red-coats.  The 
piece  was  called  "  The  Battle  of  Brooklyn,"  and  was  written  by  General  Burgoyne;  it  is  said  to  have  had 
more  than  a  modicum  of  merit.  The  colonials  were  satirized,  and  among  the  characters  were  Washington, 
Putnam,  Stirling  and  Sullivan,  grouped  as  "  rebel  chiefs."  It  was  in  two  acts,  and  was  presented  as 
artistically  as  means  allowed.  It  was  acted  on  a  regular  stage,  with  home-made  scenery,  and  a  regimental 
brass  band  furnished  the  entr'acte  music.  The  greater  drama  of  the  revolution  seems  then  to  have  absorbed 
attention  for  several  years,  and  it  was  not  till  i8io  that  the  people  were  treated  to  another  play.  This 
time,  however,  it  was  acted  by  "  a  company  of  gentlemen  from  New  York,"  and  was  given  at  Green's 
Military  Garden,  built  on  the  site  of  the  present  court  house.  The  entertainment  included  "The  Wags  of 
Windsor"  and  "The  Real  Soldier,"  and  there  were  songs  and  a  recitation.  Plays  and  other  entertainments 
were  given  from  time  to  time  in  tavern  halls  and  parlors,  usually  beginning  at  6.30  and  giving  the  patrons 
a  stiff  measure  of  entertainment  for  their  money — \2\  cents  was  a  common  admission  fee  then.  It  was 
as  late  as  1826  before  a  really  good  performance  seems  to  have  been  given  in  Brooklyn,  Mrs.  Chester's 
hall,  on  Front  street,  was  occupied  for  the  presentation  of  "  Douglas"  and  "The  Review,"  with  interpolated 
songs,  by  people  from  the  Chatham  Theatre,  New  York,  and  they  were  appreciated,  for  they  were  followed 
by  other  plays  that  were  good  enough  to  attract  the  New  Yorkers  over,  a  line  being  added  to  the  bills 
to  inform  them  that  the  horse  boats  at  Catherine  ferry  would  be  ready  to  take  them  back  at  any  time 
between  8  o'clock  and  midnight.  The  Amphitheatre,  a  wooden  house  with  a  brick  front,  on  Fulton  street, 
near  Concord,  was  a  place  for  shows  in  1828,  and  a  dozen  years  later  the  Colonnade  Garden  opened  on 
Columbia  Heights,  opposite  Pineapple  street.  In  1S48  Gabriel  Harrison,  who  for  twenty  years  or  more 
was  a  conspicuous  factor  in  dramatic  enterprise,  reopened  the  Military  Garden — the  garden  part  of  it  had 
degenerated  into  a  few  dusty  bushes — fitted  it  with  si.x  hundred  seats,  and  tried  to  conduct  it  as  a  theatre. 
In  the  next  year  some  really  excellent  actors  played  here,  but  they  were  in  advance  of  the  times  and  there 
was  a  failure.  In  1850  Chanfrau  &  Burke  opened  the  Brooklyn  Museum,  at  Fulton  and  Orange  streets, 
for  the  exhibition  of  stuffed  animals  and  moral  dramas.  Brooklyn  had  acquired  a  large  religious  element 
by  that  time,  and  many  people  thought  that  theatres  were  wicked.  That  was  why  the  place  was  called  a 
museum,  and  why  the  auditorium  was  a  "  lecture  hall,"  as  in  Barnum's  Museum  across  the  river.  In  spite 
of  the  dead  monkeys  and  the  advertised  morals,  this  too  was  a  failure,  though  it  deserved  a  better  fate, 
for  Murdock,  Pitt,  Brougham,  Mason,  Rush,  Mary  Taylor,  Mrs.  I).  P.  Bowers  and  others  of  note  were 
members  of  the  company.  The  elder  Booth  played  here,  in  "  The  Iron  Chest,"  and  on  that  occasion  his 
son  Edwin  made  his  professional  debut.  Good  actmg  and  moderate  prices  were  expected  to  draw  people 
to  the  AthenKum,  on   Atlantic  avenue,  when   it  was   built  in    1853.     It  opened  with  "  William   Tell,"  but 


ggo  THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 

people  would   not  patronize   it  and  it   closed.     In  1858   the  first  Italian  opera  in  Brooklyn  was   given  at 
this  little  house,  and  in  order  to  secure  stage  room  three  hundred  seats  were  sacrificed  to  an  enlarged  plat- 
form.    Parts  of  three  operas  were  given  with  artistic  success,  but  the   company  could   not  afford  to  call 
often.     It  was  at   the  Athenaeum,  also,  that  the  first   concerts  were  given   by  the  Philharmonic   society- 
concerts  that  were  continued  for  more  than  three  score  years.     In  i860  an  important  step  was  taken  in  the 
building   of  the  Academy  of  Music,  on    Montague   street.     It  was   opened  with    a   ball  and  an    operatic 
concert''  in  January  of    the  following  year.       Here,  at   last,  was  a  proper   place   to  act   in,  and  here  the 
geniuses  of  our  time  have  sung  and  spoken.     This   house   has  been  at  no  time  a  regular  theatre;  but  no 
house  in  the  country  is  better  fitted  for  opera  and   drama  on  the  grand   scale,  for  it  has  a  heroic  stage  and 
magnificent  distances.     There  are  seats   for   2,100   people.     Drama,  concert,  opera,  farce  and  spectacular 
show  follow  each  other  here  with  odd  absence  of  relation  and  with  refreshing  diversity.     It  is  a  high-class 
musical   recital    on   one    night,  an   amateur  farce   on   the   ne.xt,  comic  opera  on  the    third   and  a  prohibition 
meeting  on  the  fourth.     The  variety  and  amplitude  of  its  service  to  the  public  cause  every  citizen  to  hold 
the  Academy  in  estimation.     So  far  as  drama,  pure  and  simple,  is  concerned,  it  received  from  the  opening 
of  the   Park  Theatre  a  greater  impetus  than  it  obtained   from   the  Academy.     This  was  the  first  of  what 
may  be   called  the  pernianent  theatres.     Hooley's  small  minstrel  hall,  on  the   site  of  the   Dime  Savings 
Bank,  was  built  in  the  year  following  the  inauguration  of  the  Academy,  and  was   for  a  time  successful,  but 
the  Park,  opened  in  1863,  was  the  first  of  the  important  theatres.     Gabriel  Harrison  was  the  manager,  and 
he  invented  and  introduced  here  the  sunken  footlights  that  are  now  in  universal  use  throughout  the  world. 
"  Married  Life  "  and  "  Loan  of  a  Lover  "  were  given  on  the  opening  night.     Manager  Harrison's  attempt 
to  give  opera  here  resulted  as  operatic  enterprises  always  do  when  they  have  no  subvention  from  either 
government  or  society,  and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  F.  B.  Conway  took  the   theatre  in  the  ne.xt   year,  remaining  until 
another  and  then  better  playhouse  was  opened  for  them  in  187 1.     A  stock  company  was  placed  in  the  Park 
by  A.  R.  Samuells  in    1873.     But  the  company  was   too   good — that   is,  too  e.xpensive — and    Mr.  Samuells 
retired.     In   1875    Colonel  William   E.  Sinn  came  from   Baltimore  and   took  the  place   in   hand.     He  gave 
there  a  little  of  everything  at  first,  and  slowly  brought  the  theatre  into  popularity.     In    187 1    the  Brooklyn 
Theatre  opened  where  the  Eagle  building  now  stands,  and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Conway  moved  into  it  from  the 
Park,  first  appearing  at  the  new  house  in  "  Money."     Four  years  later,  both  these  actors  being  dead,  their 
daughters,  Minnie   and    Lillian,  undertook   the   management,  but  in  their   hands   it  was  a   losing  venture. 
Shook  &  Palmer    presently    secured  it,  and  began  a  series  of  exceptionally  fine     performaces.     They  were 
on  the  high  road  to  success  when  a  calamity  occurred  which  involved   the  destruction  of  the  house,  injury 
to  theatrical  interests  for  months  thereafter,  and  the  shadowing  with  grief  of  many  households.     This  was 
the  burning  of  the  theatre  on  the  night  of  December  5,  1876.     "The   Two  Orphans"  was  on,  and   the   last 
scene  was  in  progress  when  smoke  and   sparks   began  to  drop   from  the  flies,  and  the  cry  of  "  Fire  I "  was 
raised.     Kate   Claxton,  who  was  playing   Henriette,  went  on  with  her  part,  but  finding  that   the  audience 
was  getting   on   its  feet  and  that  the  air  was  fast  thickening  with  smoke,  she  and  other  actors  urged  the 
audience  to  take  time  and  go  our  quietly.     Had  it  been  possible  for  a  panic-stricken  multitude  to  take  her 
advice,  all  would  have  been  well,  but  words  at  such  a  time  were  as  if  addressed  to  the  sea.     Flames  that 
had,  probably,  originated  from  the  contact  of  a  canvas  border  with  a  gas  jet,  broke  through  the  proscenium 
arch    and   ran   along  the   painted  ceiling,  urged   by  drafts  which   swept   through  e.xits  that  were  opened  in 
every  direction.     Crazed  with  fright,  the  audience  made  for  the  doors.     Most  of  those  in  the  lower  part  of 
the  house  escaped,  and  all  the  actors  were  saved   excepting   Henry  S.  Murdock   and  Claude  Burroughs — 
talented   and   promising   actors   both,  who   perished    in   trying   to   save  their  costumes.     It  was  among  the 
people  of  the   gallery  that  the  greatest   loss  of  life  occurred.     They  were  jammed  on  a  winding  stair,  and 
the  police,  believing  that  the  house  was  empty,  closed  the  doors.     Not  until  days  after  was  it  known  that 
nearly  three  hundred  dead  lay  among  the   smoking  ruins.     A   liberal   sum  was  raised  for  those  who  had 
been  orphaned  and  widowed  by  this  accident,  and  the  remains  of  two   hundred  unidentified  were  buried  in 
one  grave  in  Greenwood,  after  an   imposing   public   funeral.     Terrible  as  w^as  this  catastrophe,  it  was  not 
devoid  of  good  results,  for  the  theatres  of  both   this  country  and    Europe  were  overhauled  with  a  view  to 
making  them  more  nearly  fireproof,  and  wholesome  laws  concerning  them  were  revived  or  enacted.     Three 
years  later  the  house  was  rebuilt.     It  was  a  large,  solid,  handsome  structure,  and   for   several  years  it  sus- 
tained a  renewal  of  the  popularity  that  had  been  acquired  by  its  predecessor.     Clara    Morris  appeared  as 
Jane  Shore  in  a  tragedy  by    Donn  Piatt  on   the   opening   night,  October  4,   1879,  Shook  &  Palmer  being 
then  in  charge.     Manager   Haverly  succeeded  them  after   the  first  season.     Charles  H.  McConnell  came 
after  him;  he  was   followed   by   Henry  Clay  Miner,  and  lastly,  by  H.  R.  Jacobs.     Here  appeared  Irving, 
Wallack,    Mansfield,    Owens,    Couldock,    Emmet,    Bernhardt,    McCullough,   Jefferson    and    the    best  stock 
companies  of  the  country,  but  the  character  of  the   house  was  not  maintained,  and  its  last  days  were  given 
to  cheap  melodrama  and  variety  farce.     On  its  closing  night,  June  2,  1890,  when  a  benefit  was  given  to  its 
business   manager,  Joseph   Hild,  a  large   and  brilliant  audience  saw  a  sprightly  performance   of  "  London 


THE    STAGE— PROFESSIONAL   AND    AMATEUR.  991 

Assurance,"  with  Rose  Coghlan  as  Lady  Gay  Spanker,  and  the  theatre  was  invested  with  so  much  of  its 
old  charm  that  the  last  evening  became  a  pleasant  memory.  There  was  a  valedictory  by  Mark  D.  Wilbur, 
and  a  poem  was  read  by  Rose  Coghlan.  The  demolition  of  the  house  began  in  the  following  winter. 
The  Columbia,  newest  of  the  theatres  that  have  clustered  near  the  city  hall,  was  opened  for  the  season 
of  1891-2  with  Augustus  Thomas'  charming  play,  "  Alabama,"  acted  by  Agnes  Booth,  J.  H.  Stoddart, 
Maurice  Barrymore,  Walden  Ramsay,  E.  M.  Holland  and  others  of  A.  M.  Palmer's  stock  company.  This 
magnificent  house,  distinguished  for  spaciousness,  richness  and  elegance  of  architectural  adornment, 
amplitude  of  stage,  skilful  lighting,  efficient  warming  and  ventilation,  and  agreeable  music,  is  the  largest 
of  the  local  playhouses,  and  in  beauty  has  no  superior  in  the  country.  The  curtain,  after  a  picture  by  the 
.American  painter  of  oriental  subjects,  Edwin  Lloyd  Weeks,  represents  the  exit  of  an  Indian  rajah  from  a 
city,  riding  on  the  back  of  an  elephant  and  surrounded  by  troops  and  servants.  The  grandiose  character 
of  the  composition  fits  admirably  with  the  somewhat  oriental  architecture.  The  managers  are  Edwin 
Knowles,  of  Brooklyn;  Daniel  Frohman,  of  New  York,  and  .-Albert  Hayman,  of  Chicago;  and  here,  not  for 
the  first  time  in  Brooklyn  as  an  experiment,  but  for  the  first  time  as  a  practice,  engagements  of  important 
stars  and  companies  were  made  for  a  fortnight.  It  took  a  long  time  for  Brooklyn  to  outlive  the  ignominy 
of  being  a  "  one  night  stand,"  but  managers  know  it  now  for  one  of  the  best  "  show  towns  "  in  the  United 
States. 

Several  of  the  theatres  of  Brooklyn  were  built  on  the  site  of  churches,  and  among  them  is  the  Grand 
Opera  House  on  Elm  place,  just  off  from  Fulton  street.  Like  most  institutions  of  the  same  name,  this 
was  not  intended  for  an  opera  house — and  never  was  one — but  for  a  theatre.  The  class  of  entertainment 
offered  here  is  "  popular,"  though  many  noted  actors  have  appeared  on  its  boards.  The  house  was  built 
for  Barry  and  Fay,  a  couple  of  Irish  variety  actors,  but  it  changed  hands  several  times  before  its  charac- 
ter was  definitely  fixed.  It  has  been  improved  from  time  to  time,  and  has  a  commodious  stage  and 
auditorium.  The  date  of  its  erection  was  1881.  Another  popular  house  is  the  Star  Theatre  on  Jay 
street,  a  few  yards  from  Fulton.  It  seats  about  1,400  people,  and  is  simply  but  substantially  built.  It  was 
erected  by  John  W.  Holmes,  and  has  been  devoted  from  the  first  to  the  production  of  plays  that  are 
melodramatic  and  realistic.  Three  miles  or  so  from  the  bridge,  up  Fulton  street,  is  the  Criterion  Theatre, 
where  many  artists  of  note  have  played.  Robert  Hilliard,  co-manager  with  Wesley  Sisson  at  the  opening 
in  1885,  made  his  debut  as  a  professional  player  here,  and  for  several  weeks  George  O.  Starr  kept  a 
comic  opera  company  on  its  stage.  The  Criterion  is  small,  seating  only  780,  and  was  a  little  in  advance 
of  the  uptown  movement,  so  that  it  came  to  be  used  more  for  meetings,  fairs  and  amateur  entertain- 
ments than  for  plays.  Among  the  houses  that  were  devoted  to  music  and  drama,  but  that  did  not  cut  a 
conspicuous  figure  in  the  history  of  the  local  stage,  is  the  Olympic,  that  stood  where  the  Liebmanns'  dry 
goods  store  is  now.  It  was  torn  down  in  1890,  after  serving  variously  for  a  score  of  years  as  variety 
house,  cheap  theatre  and  museum — a  picturesquely  dingy  place,  where  daily  matinees  were  given.  After 
the  old  barracks  had  been  torn  down  a  new  theatre  was  started  on  its  site,  but  when  the  walls  were  nearly 
up  they  fell  in.  The  expectant  proprietor  became  discouraged  and  withdrew  from  the  enterprise.  Music 
Hall,  on  the  upper  floor  of  the  "  flat-iron"  at  Fulton  street  and  Flatbush  avenue,  was  for  a  dozen  or  fifteen 
years  a  theatre,  museum,  minstrel  house  and  concert  hall,  but  it  was  never  a  safe  or  attractive  one.  At  the 
Lyceum  Theatre,  on  Leonard  street  and  Montrose  avenue,  cheap  performances  in  English  and  German  are 
offered  from  time  to  time,  and  varieties  have  been  given  at  the  Grand  Theatre  on  Grand  street,  where  the 
experiment  was  once  tried  of  giving  continuous  performances  from  i  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  until  10.30 
at  night.  Smaller  places,  occupied  for  museums  and  cheap  shows,  have  been  sporadic  about  town,  and 
after  a  brief  career  have  been  closed  by  the  sheriff.  Varieties  have  always  been  necessary  to  the  happiness 
of  some  folks,  and  Brooklyn  had  to  have  them.  It  sounds  harshly  odd  to  say  that  this  gayest  and  most 
frivolous  form  of  entertainment  should  f^nd  its  first  permanent  lodging  in  a  morgue,  but  without  strained 
metaphor  this  might  be  made  to  appear,  for  the  old  market  which  was  used  for  a  dead  house  after  the 
Brooklyn  Theatre  fire,  became  Hyde  &  Behman's  Theatre.  This,  in  turn,  was  burned,  and  a  house  was 
built  on  its  ruins  which  is  the  finest  of  the  variety  theatres  in  America,  one  house  in  New  York  being  a 
possible  exception.  In  this  new  theatre  the  success  has  been  continuous.  Encouraged  by  their  success  in 
this  theatre,  Hyde  &  Behman  opened  one  like  it  in  the  Eastern  District  in  the  fall  of  1892.  It  is  the 
Gayety,  and  stands  on  Throop  avenue,  near  Broadway.  Though  not  quite  so  large,  nor  quite  so  brilliant 
in  decoration,  it  is  a  substantial  and  pleasant  playhouse,  and  became  popular  at  the  start.  In  the  Eastern 
District  the  public  had  grown  to  pretty  large  proportions  before  it  had  a  theatre.  It  was  a  variety  theatre 
and  was  operated  in  a  large  room  on  the  upper  floor  of  a  business  block,  at  Bedford  avenue  and  Broadway. 
It  was  shabby  within  and  without,  malodorous  and  unsafe,  but  it  was  successful,  and  as  soon  as  Theall  & 
Carton,  its  managers,  had  acquired  money  enough,  they  moved  into  Apollo  Hall,  on  Driggs  street,  which 
had  been  converted  into  a  theatre  for  their  occupancy.  This  place  during  the  war  was  the  Odeon,  and  was 
for  a  time  an  armory,  but   since  then   it  had  been   used   for  roller  skating,  political   meetings,  dances  and 


992 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


wandering  shows.  When,  in  1S78,  it  became  a  real  theatre  and  was  called  The  Novelty,  the  populace 
pointed  to  it  with  pride  ;  but  when  Shakespeare  and  that  sort  of  thing  arrived,  they  viewed  it  with  alarm, 
and  remained  away.  Lawrence  Barrett  played  "  Hamlet  "  there  to  about  twenty-five  people,  while 
minstrels,  varieties  and  melodramas  prospered.  The  character  of  the  performances  was  gradually  improved, 
however,  to  conform  to  a  taste  that  it  was  instrumental  in  creating,  and  the  standard  drama  was  eventually 
o-iven  there  by  John  McCullough,  Mary  Anderson  and  other  noted  players,  before  audiences  that  crowded 
the  house  to  the  doors.  For  some  years  it  had  a  monopoly  of  local  patronage,  but  after  rivalry  had  been 
set  up,  it  fell  into  the  hands  of  cheap  managers  and  never  quite  recovered  its  social  or  artistic  tone.  A 
few  attempts  were  made  to  establish  other  places  of  amusement  in  the  Eastern  District,  but  the  poverty  of 
the  entertainments  offered,  and  the  unfortunate  situation  of  the  halls,  condemned  these  institutions  to 
failure  at  the  outset.  One  such  an  enterprise  endured  for  a  season,  in  the  rooms  afterward  used  by  the 
Amphion  Musical  Society,  and  the  dramatist.  Charier.  Gaylor,  had  a  perturbed  week  or  two  in  a  room  two 
flights  above  a  clothing  store,  where  he  had  erected  a  miniature  stage  and  had  hired  a  half  dozen  actors 
to  play  in  comediettas  written  by  himself. 

The  Baptist  church,  near  the  lower  end  of  Lee  avenue,  of  which  J.  Hyatt  Smith  was  pastor,  was  partly 
torn  down  after  he  was  sent  to  congress,  and  a  theatre  seating  1,700  was  made  of  it.  The  house 
was  opened  in  October,  1S82,  with  the  melodrama,  "  Lights  o'  London,"  under  the  management  of  J.  S. 
Berger  and  E.  E.  Price,  who  kept  their  control  of  it  for  ten  years,  when  it  passed  into  the  hands  of  A.  Y. 
Pearson.  Its  most  distinctive  rival  is  the  Bedford  Avenue  Theatre,  a  rather  plain  but  soundly  built  house 
on  South  Si.xth  street,  a  few  doors  from  the  avenue  for  which  it  is  named.  It  was  opened  in  1891,  by 
Fanny  Rice,  in  the  farce  "A  Jolly  Surprise."  Light  opera,  spectacular  pieces,  sensational  plays  and 
farcical  comedies  are  most  popular  there.  The  finest  theatre  in  the  Eastern  District  is  the  Amphion,  on 
Bedford  avenue.  It  took  this  name  naturally,  for  the  first  movers  in  the  enterprise  were  members  of  the 
Amphion  Musical  Society.  A  stock  company  was  formed,  the  singers  being  subscribers  for  shares,  and 
their  concert  director,  C.  Mortimer  Wiske,  was  made  manager.  He  endeavored  to  give  it  a  standing  equal 
to  that  of  any  theatre  in  the  country.  It  is  a  beautiful  house,  with  seats  for  1,783  people;  it  is  richly  and 
harmoniously   decorated    and    has   lights  shining  through   a   painted   sky   above.     It  was   one   of   the   first 

theatres  in  America  to  adopt  electric  lighting,  and 
its  stage  arrangements  are  unusually  perfect.  Mr. 
Wiske  put  in  a  company  of  excellent  musicians,  add- 
ing oboes,  horns  and  bassoons  to  the  customary  strings 
and  brass.  The  house  opened  on  January  27,  1888, 
when  the  ill-starred  National  Opera  Company  tried  to 
sing  the  "  Queen  of  Sheba."  There  had  been  deser- 
tions, and  suits  for  salary,  and  sheriff's  attachments, 
and  now  there  was  a  strike  of  chorus  singers.  They 
were  pacified,  however,  and  the  curtain  went  up,  an 
hour  late.  The  house  was  offered  for  rent  in  the  next 
fall,  and  Knowles  &  Morris  became  the  lessees.  Mr. 
Knowles  eventually  succeeded  to  the  sole  manage- 
ment, and  the  house  is  constantly  increasing  its  pop- 
ularity. 

Edwin  Knowles — In  reference  to  theatrical 
men,  proprietors  and  managers,  the  difference  be- 
tween their  prominence  and  importance  in  a  com- 
munity now  and  the  rank  accorded  them  a  few  gen- 
erations ago  is  an  interesting  commentary  on  the  ten- 
dency of  the  times.  The  development  of  histrionic 
art,  the  amalgamation  of  large  theatrical  interests  in 
cities  of  considerable  size,  and  the  greatly  increased 
financial  values  of  such  enterprises,  have  cooperated 
toward  a  continual  amplification  and  refinement  of  the 
qualities  essential  to  successful  managing.  These 
conditions,  under  the  law  of  fittest  survival,  have  been 
marking  out  a  standard  for  managerial  ability,  which 
^,^__,^  \  y  ^^  now  is  one  such   as  only  genius  can  attain.     In  very 

y//.y      .  y^^         --,  ^/y  '^^'^   callings,  if  in   any,  is  such  masterful  versatility 

^^•^^^^        SiyO'^^^Uhi/Zr^  requisite  for  success.     The    man  who   conducts  the 

policy  of  a  playhouse  to-day  and  successfully  caters 


( 


^a 


THE    STAGE— PROFESSIONAL    AND    AMATEUR. 


993 


to  the  public,  must  be  a  peer  among  financiers;  he  must  have  artistic  perceptions;  he  must  be  a  literary 
critic  in  considering  new  plays;  he  must  be  a  quick  observer  of  the  pubhc  pulse;  he  must  be  in  close 
touch  and  sympathy  with  the  bohemian  eccentricities  of  some,  and  the  contradictory  idiosyncrasies  of 
others  of  the  thousands  of  Thespians  with  whom  he  has  to  deal;  he  must,  finally,  have  a  thorough 
understanding  of  all  professional  and  mercantile  interests.  No  one  among  Brooklyn  managers  has 
achieved  greater  results  than  Edwin  Knowles.  He  was  born  in  Hamlet,  Rhode  Island,  on  June  27, 
1845.  His  ancestors,  who  belonged  to  the  Society  of  Friends,  came  from  England  about  the  year  1711 
and  settled  in  Rhode  Island,  in  what  is  now  the  town  of  North  Kingston.  The  family  has  occupied  the 
same  homestead  ever  since.  At  an  early  age  Mr  Knowles  developed  a  predilection  for  the  stage  and  he 
grasped  the  first  opportunity  to  gratify  it,  beginning  his  theatrical  career  on  May  6,  1867,  in  the  old  New 
York  Theatre,  on  Broadway.  He  ciuickly  demonstrated  that  his  taste  was  born  of  talent.  He  was  an  actor 
about  fifteen  years,  and  during  that  period  he  supported  many  distinguished  actors  and  actresses,  Lester 
VVallack,  Lawrence  Barrett,  Charhjtte  Cushman,  Fanny  Davenport,  Barry  Sullivan  and  Clara  Morris  being 
among  the  number.  He  abandoned  acting  tor  managing  in  the  spring  of  1882,  his  farewell  performance 
being  given  in  June,  in  the  Madison  Square  Theatre  in  New  York,  on  which  occasion  he  played  the  leading 
part  in  "  Esmeralda."  In  September,  1882,  he  began  his  managerial  career  l)y  coming  to  Brooklyn  and  tak- 
ing control  of  the  Grand  Opera  House.  He  made  his  home  here,  and  was  soon  actively  identified  with  the 
social  life  of  the  city.  On  January  27,  1888,  the  Amphion  Academy  was  opened  to  the  public,  with  Mr, 
Knowles  as  one  of  the  lessees  and  manager.  He  had  formed  a  partnership  with  the  late  Colonel  Theodore 
Morris,  for  the  purpose  of  conducting  the  Grand  Opera  House,  but  after  the  opening  of  the  Amphion  Mr. 
Knowles  occupied  himself  with  its  affairs,  while  Colonel  Morris  attended  to  the  management  of  the  Elm 
Place  Theatre.  In  1890,  the  interests  of  Knowles  &  Morris  were  divided,  Mr.  Knowles  becoming  the  pro- 
prietor and  manager  of  the  Amphion,  and  Colonel  Morris  taking  possession  of  the  Grand  Opera  House.  In 
the  summer  of  1891,  Mr.  Knowles  associated  himself  with  Daniel  Frohman  of  New  York  and  .\1  Hayman  of 
Chicago,  and  proceeded  under  the  firm  name  of  Edwin  Knowles  iV  Company,  t<j  purchase  and  remodel 
for  theatrical  purposes  the  granite  building  at  the  corner  of  Washington  and  Tillary  streets,  known  as  the 
Universal.  On  March  7,  1892,  this  house  was  opened  as  the  Columbia,  one  of  the  most  perfect  theatres  in 
America  being  thus  given  to  the  city.  Mr.  Knowles  is  a  member  of  the  Brooklyn,  Hanover,  LInion,  Aurora 
Grata  and  Canarsie  yacht  clubs;  and  for  two  years  was  llie  presitleiil  of  the  Aurora  Grata.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Five  A's  and  the  Players'  clubs  of  New 
York;  he  is  a  second  vice-president  of  the  Actors' 
Fund  and  president  of  Edwin  Forrest  Lodge  No.  2, 
Actors'  Order  of  Friendshi]).  He  is  also  treasurer 
of  the  Theatrical  Managers'  Association  of  the  United 
States,  a  member  of  the  Amphion  and  Cecilia  singing 
societies  and  of  the  Spruce  Cal)iii  .Association — a 
fishing  club  composed  of  twenty  members,  and  owning 
private  fishing  grounds  in  Pennsylvania.  He  married 
Miss  Sarah  H.  Goodrich,  of  Kanesville,  111, 

Colonel  William  E,  Sinn,  the  Nestor  of  Brook- 
lyn theatricals,  was  born  in  (leorgetown,  D,  C,  in 
1834,  His  early  life  was  passed  in  Frederick  City,  Md,, 
and  when  fourteen  years  old  he  became  an  employee 
in  a  dry-goods  store  in  Baltimore.  At  the  age  of 
twenty-two  he  embarked  in  business  for  himself,  but 
finding  the  venture  too  weighty  for  one  of  his  years, 
he  sold  out  and  entered  the  employ  of  Bonn  Bros.,  a 
large  tobacco  firm  of  the  Monumental  City,  in  which 
he  eventually  became  a  partner.  At  the  beginning  of 
the  civil  war,  in  1861.  he  caught  the  "war  fever."  He 
was  m  Cincinnati  when  the  news  of  the  fall  of  Fort 
Sumter  was  received  and  his  openly  e.xi^ressed  sym- 
pathy for  the  South  led  to  his  being  invited  to  leave 
town,  and  he  did  so  on  the  last  train  operated  by  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  Company,  before  its  lines 
were  taken  by  the  general  government  for  war  pur- 
poses. When  he  reached  Baltimore  the  famous  riot 
which  barred  the  progress  of  the  6th  Massachusetts 
regiment  was  in  progress  and  he  mingled  with  the 


994 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


crowd,  being  a  witness  to  the  death  of  Ladd  and  ^^'hitney,  the  two  privates  of  that  regiment  who  were  killed 
by  the  mob.  It  was  during  these  events,  and  while  idle  in  Baltimore,  that  the  attention  of  Colonel  Sinn  was 
first  directed  to  theatrical  matters.  His  brother-in-law,  Leonard  B.  Grover,  was  manager  of  the  Baltimore 
Museum,  and  there  he  first  got  an  insight  into  the  theatrical  business.  In  May,  1861,  he  visited  Washington 
for  business  purposes,  and  while  there  noticed  that  the  old  Washington  Theatre,  then  managed  by  Humphrey 
Bland,  and  the  Odd  Fellow's  Hall  were  both  crowded  nightly.  This  filled  his  mind  with  visions  of  wealth  to 
be  gained  from  theatricals.  He  found  a  large  hall  which  he  leased  and  returning  to  Baltimore  he  induced 
Mr.  Grover  to  join  him,  and  they  opened  a  variety  theatre  in  Assembly  Hall,  Washington,  which  proved 
phenomenally  successful.  Their  prosperity  induced  the  owner  of  the  old  National  Theatre  to  erect  a 
building  on  the  site  now  occupied  by  the  new  National  Theatre,  for  their  use.  This  venture  also  proved 
fortunate  and  Colonel  Sinn  soon  added  other  theatres  to  his  experiment.  In  1862  he  was  interested  with 
Mr.  Grover  in  the  new  National  Theatre,  and  was  sole  manager  of  Canterbury  Hall  and  a  permanent  circus 
in  Washington,  and  a  theatre  in  Ale.xandria.  About  the  same  time  Grover  and  Sinn  put  on  the  road  a 
German  Opera  Company,  but  continued  the  venture  only  a  short  time,  and  in  1864  they  became  managers 
of  the  new  Chestnut  Street  Theatre,  Philadelphia.  From  1864  until  1869  Colonel  Sinn  managed  this  theatre 
and  then  returned  to  Baltimore  and  took  the  management  of  the  Front  Street  Theatre,  and  at  the  same  time 
of  the  Globe  Street  Theatre,  Chicago,  and  the  National  Theatre  of  Cincinnati.  In  rSys  he  came  to 
Brooklyn,  where  he  leased  the  Park  Theatre.  The  Park  had  been  under  two  administrations  prior  to  his 
lease.  He  succeeded  Ed.  Lamb,  the  well-known  Brooklynite,  and  Alex.  Samuells.  He  has  never  made  a  failure 
m  the  management  of  a  theatre.     In  matters  affecting  the  city  he  has  shown  much  public  spirit. 

The  youngest  of  Brooklyn's  theatrical  managers, 
and  one  who  has  already  made  his  presence  felt  in 
the  brisk  bid  for  popular  favor  incidental  to  the  rapid 
mcrease  in  the  number  of  local  playhouses,  is  Wallace 
McCuTCHEON,  lessee  of  the  Grand  Opera  House  on 
Elm  place.  Although  his  first  season  in  sole  control 
of  this  theatre  began  in  June,  1892,  the  house  had  been 
practically  under  his  personal  management  for  three 
years  previous.  He  was  born  in  New  York  city  on 
November  3,  1861,  and  received  his  education  in  the 
public  schools.  While  a  youth  he  developed  a  taste 
for  things  theatrical,  and  his  first  engagement  in  that 
line  was  under  Colonel  Jack  Haverly.  The  old  Brook- 
lyn Theatre  had  just  been  rebuilt  and  added  to  the 
chain  of  theatrical  ventures  which  Colonel  Haverly 
was  stretching  across  the  continent.  Mr,  McCutcheon 
entered  the  box-ofifice  as  assistant  treasurer,  but  was 
soon  promoted  to  the  treasurership,  a  position  of  re- 
sponsibility he  continued  to  fill  until  a  change  took 
place  in  the  management,  five  years  later.  About  this 
time  the  Criterion  Theatre  was  completed,  and  its  pro- 
jectors selected  Mr,  McCutcheon  as  the  proper  person 
to  take  charge  of  the  financial  department.  He  was 
its  first  treasurer.  In  1890  the  sterling  reputation  be 
had  gained  by  shrewdness  and  a  thorough  knowledge 
of  theatrical  matters,  gleaned  from  every  department, 
attracted  the  attention  of  the  late  Colonel  Theodore 
Morris,  whose  failing  health  demanded  that  he  re- 
sign the  active  management  of  his  house  and  the  attendant  cares  of  business.  He  offered  the  position 
to  Mr.  McCutcheon,  whom  he  installed  as  business  manager.  Much  of  Colonel  Morris'  time  thereafter 
was  spent  in  an  unsuccessful  pursuit  of  health,  and  meanwhile  the  entire  responsibilities  of  the 
management  rested  upon  his  young  lieutenant,  and  the  prosperity  of  the  house  as  a  result  of  his  good 
judgment  was  such  that  he  was  retained  by  the  estate  after  Colonel  Morris'  death  There  were  several 
bidders  for  the  lease  of  the  popular  theatre  at  the  close  of  the  Morris  regime,  among  them  two  of  the 
o  dest  and  best  known  managers  in  the  east.  The  owners  decided  that  their  interests  and  the  future 
of  the  house  would  be  safest  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  McCutcheon,  and  on  June  i,  1892,  he  became  sole 
lessee  and  manager.  Ten  years  ago  he  married  Miss  Mira  West  of  this  city.  He  settled  in  Brooklyn  in 
1879  and  has  gained  a  wide  circle  of  friends  in  and  out  of  the  profession. 

The  successful  business  partnership  between  Richard  Hvdk  and  Louis  C.  Behman,  one  of  the   most 


W.'iLLACE  McCutcheon, 


THE   STAGE— PROFESSIONAL   AND   AMATEUR. 


995 


Richard  Hyde. 


prosperous  firms  of  theatrical  managers  in  the  country, 
is  a  sequel  to  a  strong  personal  friendship  formed 
when  the  two  young  men  were  boys  at  school.  Hyde 
&  Behman  is  a  firm  that  is  as  well  known  outside  of 
Brooklyn  as  it  is  here,  where  it  has  done  so  much  to 
promote  the  pleasure  of  the  theatre-going  portion  of 
the  community,  for  while  its  enterprise  has  been  di- 
rected into  a  number  of  local  channels  it  has  reached 
out  in  various  directions  outside  of  Brooklyn.  Richard 
Hyde  was  born  on  Adams  street,  Brooklyn,  on  May  22, 
1849,  and  Louis  C.  Behman  was  born  on  Myrtle  ave- 
nue, on  June  4,  1855.  Both  were  pupils  at  public 
school  No.  I  at  the  same  time,  and  the  intimacy  begun 
there  has  continued  unbroken.  Mr.  Hyde  became  an 
apprentice  in  the  hat  manufactory  of  J.  H.  Prentice, 
and  Mr.  Behman  became  a  clerk  in  his  father's  business 
establishment.  During  the  celebration  of  the  Centen- 
nial in  Philadelphia  in  1876,  Messrs.  Hyde  and  Behman 
were  allied  in  business  for  the  first  time,  as  managers 
of  a  music  hall  which  they  opened  in  the  Quaker  City. 
From  Philadelphia  they  went  to  Baltimore,  remained 
there  for  a  year  and  then  determined  to  establish  them- 
selves in  Brooklyn.  They  secured  a  lease  of  the  build- 
ing on  Adams  street  where  Hyde  &  Behman's  Theatre 
now  stands,  and  on  Saturday  evening.  May  19,  1877, 
they  opened  the  Brooklyn  Volks  Garden,  which  be- 
came at  once  a  popular  vaudeville  theatre.  They  were  able  to  purchase  the  property  in  1878,  and  enlarged 
and  improved  it  from  time  to  time  until  it  soon  became  known  as  one  of  the  best  variety  houses  in  the  world. 
On  June  10,  1890,  they  experienced  their  first  set-back  by  the  burning  of  this  theatre,  the  loss  being  more 
than  $80,000,  against  which  there  was  less  than  $25,000  insurance.  They  immediately  began  to  rebuild? 
and  within  a  year  had  erected  their  present  model  playhouse  at  a  cost  of  $125,000.  Their  success  as 
managers  of  a  home  theatre  led  them  to  try  their  fortune  "  on  the  road  "  with  a  company  which  they  sent 
out  under  the  name  of  Hyde  &  Behman's  Comedy 
Company.  Other  companies  were  sent  out  when  the 
success  of  this  venture  became  assured,  and  in  the  fol- 
lowing season  the  firm  had  five  travelling  organizations 
under  its  control.  "  Muldoon's  Picnic,"  which  was 
one  of  the  most  popular  light  pieces  ever  presented, 
was  produced  by  the  firm  and  netted  them  a  large  sum 
of  money.  The  firm  during  this  time  was  managing 
the  Standard  Theatre  on  Fulton  street  in  addition  to 
their  theatre  on  Adams  street.  In  January,  1882,  they 
bought  the  Grand  Opera  House  property  on  Elm  place, 
and  in  May,  1883,  they  purchased  the  interior  of 
Booth's  Theatre  in  New  York  city,  which  was  then 
^bout  to  be  demolished,  and  with  the  material  built 
the  New  Park  Theatre  on  the  corner  of  Broadway 
and  Thirty-fifth  street.  They  purchased  the  Prospect 
Park  fair  grounds,  at  Gravesend,  L.  I.,  in  1886,  and 
having  extended  them  by  purchase  of  adjoining  prop- 
erty, laid  out  and  built  the  race  track  of  the  PJrooklyn 
Jockey  Club.  In  the  spring  or  1892  they  purchased 
property  on  Broadway,  Throop  avenue  and  Middleton 
street,  whereon  they  built  the  Gayety  Theatre.  Mr. 
Behman  was  elected  alderman  from  the  eleventh  ward 
in  1882,  and  served  until  legislated  out  of  office  in  1883 
by  changes  made  in  the  city  charter.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Order  of  Elks. 

John  W.  Holmes,  owner  and  manager  of  Holmes' 


Louis  C.  Behman. 


5^6  THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 

Star  Theatre,  was  bnrn  in  Belfast,  Maine,  on  April  24,  1846.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  was  made  manager 
of  a  lumber-mill  at  Lnwell,  Mass.  He  retained  this  position  until  the  call  of  President  Lincoln  was  issued 
for  troops,  when  he  enlisted  in  a  Massachusetts  regiment,  in  which  he  served  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
In  1S69  he  adopted  the  "  show  business  "  as  a  profession,  and  connected  himself  with  Forepaugh's  circus. 
His  promotion  was  rapid,  and  he  s(ion  became  one  of  the  army  of  men  employed  by  the  late  P.  T.  Barnum 
in  his  circus  enterprises.  He  remained  with  Barnum  thirteen  years  and  then  became  manager  and  part 
owner  of  the  Frank  .\.  Robbins'  circus,  which  he  fitted  out  and  put  on  the  road.  In  1882  he  severed 
his  connection  with  the  travelling  circus  and  opened  a  museum  on  Fulton  street,  Brooklyn,  known  as 
Holmes'  Standard  Museum  and  Theatre.  In  1889  the  museum  was  given  up  and  he  at  once  began  build- 
ing a  handsome  theatre  suited  in  every  way  to  his  needs.  On  September  15,  1S90,  the  present  Holmes 
Star  'I'heatre,  on  jay  street  near  Fulton,  was  opened.  It  has  since  been  thoroughly  successful,  owing  to 
Mr.  Holmes'  careful  management  and  the  popular  class  of  attractions  procured. 

AMATEUR  ASSOCIATIONS. 

The  birth  and  rapid  growth  of  the  amateur  dramatic  element  in  Brooklyn  resulted  principally  from 
the  lack  of  regular  theatres  here  down  to  the  period  of  the  civil  war.  When  the  people  of  this  city  could 
not  secure  the  intellectual,  artistic  and  social  advantages  of  the  drama  at  established  playhouses  they  con- 
sented to  have  their  Knowles  and  Sheridan,  and  occasionally  their  Shakespeare,  represented  by  those  who 
play  at  playing.  It  is  an  okl  saying  that  the  worst  professional  performance  is  better  than  the  best  ama- 
teur acting,  but  this  must  have  been  said  by  some  person  who  had  never  seen  Brooklyn  amateurs  act.  The 
fact  is  that  the  Brooklyn  amateurs  are  so  good  that  many  of  them  have  passed  imperceptibly  from  the 
parlor  to  the  stage.  Many  ijlays  have  been  given  at  the  Academy  in  greater  perfection  of  mechanical 
detail,  with  better  costumes,  scenery,  music  and  accessories,  than  in  some  of  the  regular  theatres. 

THE     .\.\IARAN1H      AMATEUR      DRAMATIC     SOCIETV. 

For  a  score  of  years  the  Amaranth  has  been  the  undisputed  chief  among  amateur  organizations. 
It  is  the  oldest  of  the  amateur  societies  and  is  an  offspring  of  the  Eiitre  JVoiis,  a  social  club  which  flour- 
ished about  1870.  It  obtained  a  charter  on  May  11,  187 1,  and  elected  its  first  officers  on  the  following 
Fourth  of  July.  These  were  Charles  Bamburger,  president;  George  F.  Gregory,  vice-president;  J.  Wood- 
ville  Sands,  secretary;  John  M.  Burt,  treasurer;  Walter  K.  Paye,  A.  R.  Thompson,  T.  Leeds  Waters,  W.  L. 
Gill  and  -\.  B.  .Averv,  trustees.  The  society  first  met  in  rooms  in  the  AthenKum  at  Atlantic  avenue  and 
Clinton  street.  .\t  that  time  ladies  were  admitted  as  annual  members,  and  manv  names  of  those  prominent 
in  society  appear  on  the  r(jlls  of  that  period.  Early  in  1882,  the  society  occupied  its  present  quarters  at  40 
Court  street.  At  present  its  membership  is  limited  to  one  hundred  and  fifty  by  its  charter,  and  the  names 
of  more  than  a  thousand  persons  are  on  a  waiting  list  from  which  any  vacancy  occurring  in  the  ranks  is 
immediately  filled.  The  Amaranth  gives  si.x  performances  each  season,  from  November  to  April,  inclusive, 
each  of  which  costs  from  $500  to  $800,  and  the  expense  is  defrayed  entirely  from  the  sum  of  annual  dues. 
Among  the  professional  footlight  favorites  whu  received  their  first  training  in  the  society  are  Minna  K.  Gale, 
Virginia  Brooks,  Helen  Russell,  .Mrs.  Nellie  Yale  Nelson,  Laura  Sedgwick  Collins,  Mrs.  Harriet  Webb, 
Grace  Gaylor  Clarke,  .Mrs.  Helen  Dayton,  Mrs.  Fannie  P.  Foster,  Mrs.  H.  M.  Ferris,  ]>ell  Thompson, 
William  \.  Clarke,  W.  S.  Howson,  Charles  Lamb,  C.  H.  Macklin,  Ernest  Sterner,  W.  E.  Wilson  and  others. 
The  first  play  produced  by  the  society  was,  "  She  Stoops  to  Conquer,"  on  October  30,  187 1,  in  the  Academy 
of  Music.  It  was  followed  by  the  farce,  "  \',o\  and  Co.x."  Mr.  Bestow  was  Sir  Charles  Marlow;  C.  Bam- 
burgh,  Jr.,  Young  Marlow;  the  present  assistant  U.  S.  district  attorney,  John  Oakey,  Tony  Lumpkin; 
Mrs.  Beadle,  Kate  Hardcastle;  and  Mrs.  St.  George,  Mrs.  Hardcastle.  The  old  play-bill  of  that  "  first 
night  "  has  to-day  a  position  of  honor  on  the  walls  of  the  Amaranth's  club  rooms.  Another  play  is  that  of 
"  Cieneva  Cross,"  produced  April  24,  1878,  in  the  Academy.  More  pretentious  performances  have  since 
been  given,  but  few  are  recalled  with  greater  pleasure  by  those  who  witnessed  them,  than  those  early 
efforts  of  the  society.  Ladies  are  not  admitted  to  membership  in  the  Amaranth  now,  but  there  is  no  lack 
of  volunteers  to  take  the  parts  at  the  disposal  of  the  society.  The  officers  for  1892-3  are  Charles  G. 
Street,  president;  James  W.  Macully,  vice-president;  H.  C.  Switzer,  secretary;  Frederick  O.  Nelson,  finan- 
cial secretary  and  F.  H.  Evans,  treasurer.  The  Amaranth  has  given  many  benefit  performances  that  have 
netted  thousands  of  dollars  to  different  worthv  charities  in  the  city. 

Charles  (Ireenlief  Street  was  born  in  Fishkill,  N.  Y.,  on  October  17,  1844,  and  is  a  direct  descend- 
ant of  the  Rev.  Nicholas  Street,  who  came  from  Somersetshire,  England,  in  1630,  and  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  Taunton,  Mass.  Among  the  colonists  of  his  time  this  preacher  was  rated  as  a  great  Indian  fighter; 
It  was  frequently  remarked  that  he  could  fight  as  well  as  preach.  Charles  G.  Street  moved  to  Brooklyn  in 
1855.     He  attended  old  public  school  No.  13  and  for  twenty-eight  years  has  been  engaged   in  the  sale  and 


THE    STAGE— PROFESSIONAL    AND   AMATEUR. 


997 


Charles  G.  Street. 


manufacture  of  fireworks,  being  at  present  treasurer  of  the  Detwiller  & 
Street  Fireworks  Manufacturing  Company,  New  York,  with  which  he 
associated  himself  early  in  life.  He  is  a  member  of  the  New  York  Board 
of  Trade  and  Transportation  and  was  very  active  in  the  Grant  Monu- 
ment Fund  Committee.  On  May  22,  1867,  he  married  a  Brooklyn  lady, 
Miss  Kittie  F.  Jarvis.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Montauk  Club  and  the 
Prospect  Gun  Club,  but  his  interest  more  particularly  centres  in  the 
Amaranth,  of  which  he  is  president  and  of  which  he  has  been  a  member 
six  years,  and  during  five  years  of  that  time  has  been  active  on  the  board 
of  trustees.  Since  1868  he  has  been  a  Mason,  and  he  is  now  a  member  of 
Mistletoe  Lodge  and  of  the  Masonic  Veterans'  Association.  He  is  an 
enthusiastic  sportsman  and  is  a  lover  of  horses.  The  Street  coat  of  arms 
is  a  shield  bearing  three  white  colts,  with  the  motto,  "  jYon  nohis  soium 
iiati" — Not   for  ourselves  alone  were  we  born. 

J.AiMES  W.  Macullv,  vice-president,  is  one  of  the  most  energetic 
and  enthusiastic  of  the  Amaranth's  members.  Besides  serving  as  chair- 
man of  the  reception  and  music  committees,  he  was  also  treasurer  during 

the  years  1886-87,  when  the  organization   was   laboring  under  a   heavy 

debt.     Through  his  untiring  efforts,  supplemented   by  those  of  Messrs. 

A.  R.  Hart,  Thomas  Adams,  Jr.,  F.    M.  Lawrence,  P.   G.  Williams,  S.  H. 

Williamson,  W.  E.  Lathrop,  T.  A.  Quinlar  and  a  few  others,  the  affairs  of 

the  society  were    placed  on  a  sound  financial    basis.     He    was   born   in 

New  York   city,  on   January  16,  1847.     He  received  his  early  education 

in  the    public    schools,    and    afterward  attended   the   Free  Academy   in 

Twenty-third  street.  New  York  city.     His  father,  James  F.  Macully,  who 

died  in  1850,  was  a  professor  of  mathematics.     Mr.  Macully,  on  September 

4,  1863,  was  employed  in  the  dry-goods  establishment  of  H.  B.  Claflin  & 
Co.,  as  a  stock  boy,  from  which  position  he  won  his  way  to  that  of  general 
salesman.  When  twenty-one  years  of  age  he  joined  Adytum  Lodge,  F. 
and  A.  M.,  and  since  1887  has  been  a  member  of  Mistletoe  Lodge,  and  he 
is  a  past  master  of  the  lodge;  he  is  a  Royal  Arch  Mason  and  a  member 
of  the  Masonic  Veterans.  He  was  formerly  a  member  of  the  Gilbert 
Society  and  the  Amateur  Opera  and  Melpomene  Dramatic  clubs. 

Henry  C.  Switzer,  secretary,  has  been  a  member  of   the   society 
since  1885,  and  has  served  on  various  of  the  committees.     He  was  born 
in  Brooklyn,  on  August  14,  1867,  and  received    his  education   at   public  school  No.  15.      He  is  a  member  of 
the  Montauk  Club.      In  business  he  is  a  partner  in  a  firm  of  builders, 

Fred  O.  Nelson,  financial  secretary,  has  been  for  fifteen  years  a  member  and  one  of  the  trustees  of 
the  society.  He  was  president  of  the  Gilbert  two  years,  and  tor  seven  years  was  its  treasurer.  He  was 
born  in  Brooklyn,  on  August  14,  1851.  He  studied  at  public  school  Ko.  14  until  fourteen  years  of  age, 
when  he  was  employed  by  James  K.  Boyd,  a  custom-house  broker.  When  twenty  years  of  age  he  estab- 
lished an  office  of  his  own  in  the  same  line  in  New  York  city,  and  has  continued  in  that  business  since. 
In  1881  he  married  Nellie  Yale,  formerly  with  the  Amaranth  Association,  but  now  playing  professionally. 
He  makes  his  home  in  the  Clarendon  Hotel.  He  is  a  lover  of  baseball  and  was  one  of  the  members  of 
the  old  Nameless  Club  of  Brooklyn;  he  does  not  participate  in  the  performances  given  by  the  societies  to 
which  he  belongs. 

Frederic  H.  Evans,  treasurer,  is  one  of  the  most  active  spirits  of  the  association.  He  is  also  a 
member  of  the  Hanover  Club,  and  he  helped  to  organize  the  Amateur  Opera  Association  ;  he  was  vice- 
president  of  the  Windsor  Club,  president  for  eight  years  of  the  old  Eiitre  Ahiis,  and  a  director  of  the 
"  Kemble  "  prior  to  1884;  but  he  has  since  severed  his  connection  with  all  of  these  organizations.  On 
account  of  his  war  record,  he  was  ten  years  ago  elected  an  honorary  member  of  the   23d   Regiment,  N.  G., 

5.  N.  Y.  He  was  born  in  Canton,  Me.,  on  August  9,  1840;  he  became  a  resident  of  ^\'ashington,  D.  C,  and 
when  the  war  began  he  was  made  first-lieutenant  of  Company  E,  2d  Regiment,  District  of  Columbia 
Volunteers.  While  in  Washington  he  was  initiated  into  Masonry,  and  he  is  a  member  of  B.  B.  French 
Lodge,  No.  15,  F.  and  A.  M.,  Mount  Vernon  Chapter,  No.  2,  R.  A.  M.,  and  of  Pittsburg  Commandery,  No.  i_ 
Knights  Templars.  In  1867  he  came  to  Brooklyn,  and  three  years  later  established  the  iron  works  in 
which  he  is  now  interested. 

During  the  eight  years  of  his  membership  Charles  T.  Jones  has  done  much  to  advance  the  interests 
of  the  Amaranth.     He  served  two  years  on  the  finance  committee,  one  year  on  the    board  of  trustees,  and 


James  W.  Macully. 


998 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


Charles  T.  Jones. 


at  the  election  in  1S92  was  honored  by  reelection  to  that  body  and  was 
chosen  as  its  chairman.  He  was  burn  at  Cardiff,  Wales,  in  October,  1844. 
He  attended  school  there  and  came  to  this  country  when  seventeen  years 
old.  For  a  time  he  was  employed  in  the  dry  goods  establishment  of  A.  T. 
Stewart  &  Co.,  and  later  with  the  firm  of  Journeay  &  Hurnham  in  Brooklyn, 
from  1867  until  1S75.  After  leaving  that  firm,  he  embarked  in  business 
for  himself  as  an  importer,  manufacturer  and  retailer  of  kid  gloves  and 
fancy  goods.  In  18S4  he  branched  out  as  steamship  owner  and  broker, 
and  he  is  the  capitalist  in  the  firm  of  Jones  &  Thomas,  who  have  offices 
in  Cardiff,  Wales.  Their  trade  is  principally  on  the  Black  Sea,  and  in  the 
carrying  of  merchandise  and  grain  between  India  and  the  United  States. 
He  is  a  32°  Mason  and  a  member  of  Mistletoe  Lodge,  and  is  also  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Montauk  and  Union  League  clubs. 

Richard  W.  Buttle  was  one  of  the  si.v  men  who  organized  the  asso- 
ciation, and  he  was  an  active  member  until  last  March,  when  he  resigned 
because  of  family  affliction.  He  was  born  in  Dublin,  Ireland,  in  1838,  and 
when  a  child  came  to  this  country  with  his  parents,  who  located  in  Brook- 
lyn. Until  he  reached  the  age  of  thirteen  he  was  sent  to  old  public  school  No.  13,  and  afterwards  attended 
Oberlin  College,  Ohio,  where  he  remained  si.\  years.  He  then  returned  to  Brooklyn  and,  in  1857,  began  his 
business  caree^r  with  the  dry  goods  house  of  H.  B.  Claflin  &  Co  ,  of  New  York.  In  1861  he  joined  the  12th 
Regiment  as  a  private,  and  in  1862  was  transferred  to  the  133d  Regiment.  From  a  private  he  was  gradually 
advanced  for  his  gallantry  and  good  conduct  until,  at  the  time  of  his  discharge,  he  bore  the  rank  of  captain 
and  brevet  major.  He  is  a  member  of  U.  S.  Grant  Post,  327,  G.  A.  R.,  and  also  of  the  Military  Order  of  the 
Loyal  Legion  of  the  United  States,  the  Society  of  the  Nineteenth  Army  Corps  and  the  Society  of  the  Army 
and  Navy  of  the  Gulf.  At  a  general  meeting  of  the  Amaranth  on  May  7,  1892,  he  was  made  an  honorary 
member  of  the  society.  This  is  a  rare  tribute,  from  the  Amaranth  and  there  has  been  only  one  other  man  so 
honored— the  veteran  John  Oakey.  Mr.  Buttle  married  Adelaide  M  ,  daughter  of  Alfred  A.  Hoffy,  who 
served  as  major  on  the  staff  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington  at  Waterloo. 

Percy  G.  Williams,  who  was  originally  a  medical  student,  has  been, 
in  turn,  actor,  manufacturer  and  merchant.      He  was  born  in  Baltimore, 
Md.,  in  1857,  was  a  student  in  the  Baltimore  College,  and  afterward  studied 
medicine  in  the  office  of    his  father.   Dr.  John   B.  Williams.      He  joined 
Colonel  Sinn's  company,  which  was   playing  in   Baltimore,  in    1874,  and  in 
1875   he  visited   Brooklyn  for  the    first   time,  as  second  comedian  of  the 
company.     He  remained  here  two  seasons  and  then  returned  to  Baltimore, 
where  he  played  as  first  comedian  in  the  Holliday  Street  Theatre.     Subse- 
quently he  decided    to   leave   the  stage,  and   in  1880  began  manufacturing 
electrical  goods  in  Brooklyn,  the  business  in  which  he  is  at  present  engaged. 
He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Amaranth  since  1886,  and  was  its  president 
two   years.      He  is  an  inspiring  factor  in  the   dramatic    corps,    undertaking 
all  the  leading  light  comedy  parts,  and  his  thorough  knowledge  of  practical 
stage  work  renders  him  invaluable  to  an  amateur  association.     He  is  a  32° 
Mason,  a  member  of  Kismet  Temple,  Order  of  the  Mystic  Shrine;  grand 
exalted  ruler  in  the  state  of  New  York  of  the  Benevolent  and  Protective 
C)rder  of  Elks,  and  a  member  of  the  Montauk,  Atlantic  Yacht  and  Brooklyn 
Yacht  clubs.     He  is  a  director  of  the  City  Savings  Bank. 
WiLLiA.M    Phillips  Macfaklan?:  has  been  prominent  for  ten   years  as  a  performer  at   the  monthly 
entertainments  of  the  .\maranth.     He  was  born  on  January  29,  1859,  in  New  York  city.     His  parents  were 
Scotch,  and  at  the  age  of  nine  he  spent  a  year  at  school  in  southern  Scotland;  after  his  return  to  America 
he  devoted   himself  to   horticulture  as  a  business  for  five  years,  but  for  eleven   years  he  has  been  in  the 
financial  department  of  an  accident  insurance  association.     For  a  time   he  took   part  in  the  performances 
of  the   old   Kemble   Society,  an  offshoot  of   the  Amaranth,  and  was  connected  with  the  Clilbert   and  Mel- 
pomene associations.      He  also  spent  four  years  on  the  professional  stage,  and  as  comedian  played  in  Mrs, 
D.  P,  Bowers'  companv.     He  has  devoted  much  of  his  time  of  late  years  to  training  amateurs  and   pro- 
ducing plays  for  societies  and  lodges, 

Charles  Heckman  was  a  prominent  member  ot  the  society  for  twelve  years,  and  for  a  portion  of  that 
period  served  on  the  dramatic  committee.  As  an  actor  he  has  figured  in  the  title  roles  of  "  Richelieu  "  and 
"  Pere  Michel,"  and  in  other  parts.  He  retired  in  1891  from  active  participation  in  the  public  productions 
of  the  Amaranth,     He  was  born  in  Kennebunk,  Me.,  in  .\ugust,  1851,  and  studied  at  the  public  schools  of 


Percy  C,   Williams. 


THE    STAGE— PROFESSIONAL   AND    AMATEUR. 


999 


Edward  G.  Williams. 


the  town  until  he  attained  the  age  of  fifteen.  His  next  educational  experience  was  at  a  commercial  college 
in  Boston.  He  began  business  for  himself  in  New  York  city  in  August,  1S83,  as  an  importing  tailor,  and  is 
still  engaged  in  that  line  of  trade. 

One  of  the  members  of  the  Amaranth  Society  who  is  looked  to  on  all  occasions  requiring  energy  and 
judgment  is  Edward  G.  Williams.  He  was  born  in  the  town  of  Denbigh,  North  Wales,  on  October  30, 
1846,  and  when  but  three  years  old  was  brought  to  America.  He  attended  public  school  No.  13,  in  Brooklyn, 
and  later  the  Polytechnic  Institute  until  he  reached  the  age  of  sixteen,  when  he  began  his  business  career 
in  the  store  of  an  importer  of  toys.  He  continued  in  the  toy  business  and  is  now  one  of  the  firm  of  Ives 
Blakeslee  &  Williams,  manufacturers  of  toys,  etc.  In  1864  he  married 
Hannah,  daughter  of  A.  S.  Hunt.     They  have  one  daughter,  EHnor,  who  is 

a    graduate    of  the    Packer   Institute,  and   is  a   water  color  artist.      Mr.  ; 

WiUiams  is  a  member  of  Mistletoe  Lodge,  No.  647,  F.  and  A.  M.  and  a 
companion  in  Constellation  Chapter,  R.  A.  M.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Ma- 
sonic Veterans  Association  and  of  the  Aurora  Grata  Club,  and  an  honorary 
member  of  the  Day  Star  Lodge,  Brooklyn.  For  two  years  he  was 
district  deputy  grand  master,  and  during  his  term  of  office  he  headed  a 
delegation  of  five  hundred  Masons  at  the  laying  of  the  corner-stone  of 
the  Masonic  Home  and  School  at  Utica,  New  York — the  largest  delegation 
from  any  section  of  the  state.  Since  the  organization  of  the  Montauk  Club 
he  has  been  one  of  its  most  active  members,  being  now  one  of  its  reception 
and  entertainment  committee.  He  is  also  an  officer  of  the  Amateur  Opera 
Association.  In  the  Amaranth  he  is  a  member  of  seventeen  years'  stand- 
ing. For  two  years  he  was  a  trustee  of  the  organization  and  its  president 
for  the  same  length  of  time;  he  is  chairman  of  the  dramatic  committee. 
He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Grant  Monument  Association. 

Frederick  W.  Bowne  has  been  a  member  of  the  society  since  1886, 
and  has  impersonated  many  of  the  leading  characters  at  its  performances.  He  is  from  a  Quaker  family  and 
was  born  in  New  York  city  on  October  8,  1857.  His  father,  George  F.  Bowne,  came  from  Flushing,  Long 
Island,  where  the  family  had  lived  for  several  generations.  The  old  Bowne  house  in  Flushing  was  built  in 
1661,  and  is  supposed  to  be  the  oldest  house  now  standing  on  Long  Island.  Frederick  W.  Bowne  received  his 
educational  the  Friends'  Seminary  in  New  York,  and  in  1874  was  employed  in  a  drygoods  house.  Six  years 
ago  he  accepted  a  responsible  position  with  a  large  estate  being  administered  in  trust,  which  he  now  occu- 
pies. His  first  public  appearance  on  the  stage  was  with  the  Athenian  Society  in  i88i,and  in  January  of  the 
year  following  he  participated  in  a  performance  with  the  Amaranth  as  Richard  Hare  in  "  East  Lynne." 
Among  the  other  characters  he  has  portrayed  have  been  Bellardo  in  "  French  Flats,"  Chauncey  in  "Belle 
Lamar,"  Paolo  Macari  in  "Called  Back,"  Lord  Beaufoy  in  "School"  and  Richard  Belton  in  "In  the  Ranks." 
He  is  prominent  in  Masonic  circles  and  is  a  member  of  the  Crescent  Athletic  Club. 

Seymour  D.  Garrett  was  the  first  financial  secretary  of  the  Amaranth.  He  was  born  in  Brooklyn 
on  April  26,  1858.  In  i860  his  family  removed  to  Jersey  City,  where  he  attended  the  public  schools 
until  he  was  fourteen  years  old.  When  a  boy  he  entered  the  employ  of  the  United  States  Express  Co., 
where  he  remained  fifteen  years.  During  that  period  he  rose  to  be  the  solicitor  of  the  company, 
which  is  considered  the  next  position  of  importance  to  that  of  general  manager.     This  position  he  resigned 

in  1887,  to  become  general  manager  of  the  Brooklyn  Elevated  Railroad 
Advertising  Co.,  which  place  he  now  fills.  He  is  a  member  of  Mistletoe 
Lodge,  F.  and  A.  M.,  and  the  Aurora  Grata  Lodge  of  Perfection,  Scottish 
rite.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Royal  Arcanum  ten  years.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Montauk  Club  and  one  of  the  Long  Island  Wheelmen.  In 
1877,  he  married  Miss  Mary  L.  Mills  of  Jersey  City. 

CiiLKERT  Elliott,  Jr.,  was  born  at  Scotland  Neck,  North  Carolina, 
on  January  15,  1866.  His  father,  Gilbert  Elliott,  Sr.,  built  the  gunboat 
"  x\lbemarle,"  on  the  bank  of  the  Roanoke  river,  N.  C,  during  the  civil 
war.  After  obtaining  a  public  school  education,  Mr.  Elliott  entered  the 
law  department  of  Washington  University,  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  where  he 
continued  his  studies  until  1885,  when  he  was  admitted  to  the  St.  Louis 
bar.  In  1887  he  came  to  New  York,  passed  a  second  examination  and 
was  admitted  to  practice  in  the  courts  of  New  York  state.  Two  years 
later  he  removed  to  Brooklyn.  He  is  active  in  church  work  and  is  an 
usher  in  St.  Peter's  Episcopal  Church,  and  president  of  the  Long  Island 
Sevmour  d.  Garrett.  Local   Council,  Brotherhood  of  St.  Andrew.     Among  lawn  tennis  players 


THE    EAGLE    AXD    BROOKLYN. 


he  is  regarded  as   an   expert,  and   was  for  some   time  a  member  of  the  Hit  or  Miss  Club.     On  January  7, 
1S90,  he  married  Miss  Emma  Spence  of  Brool<lyii. 

R(_)iiERT  Keys  Pritchard  is  junior  member  in  the  firm  of  Thompson  &  Co.,  wholesale  and  retail  coal 
merchants.  He  was  born  in  Brooklyn  on  ^Larch  10,  1867,  studied  two  years  at  the  Military  Academy  in 
Portchester,  N.  Y.,  and  finally  at  the  Brooklyn  Polytechnic  Listitute,  which  he  left  when  he  was  seventeen 
years  old.  He  began  his  business  life  as  a  salesman  in  New  York,  and  made  his  present  business  connec- 
tion in  1890.  He  married  Miss  Pansy  Belvin  of  Brooklyn.  He  is  a  lover  of  out-door  sports,  and  for 
three  years  was  a  member  of  the  Nautilus  Boat  Club;  he  was  in  the  Staten  Island  Athletic  Club  two  years, 
and  he  is  a  member  of  the  Manhattan  .Athletic  Club  of  New  York.  He  was  for  two  years  the  holder  of 
the  amateur  championship  of  the  United  States  and  Canada  for  the  high  jump,  having  cleared  5  feet  it^ 
inches. 

During  several  years  Tho.mas  C.  Spence  has  figured  from  time  to  time  in  the  dramatic  corps  of  the 
society  and  has  materially  contributed  towards  its  stage  successes.  He  joined  the  organization  in  1887, 
and  besides  his  participation  in  its  performances  has  been  a  helpful  member  in  all  of  its  activities.  He  has 
a  good  tenor  voice  and  for  three  years  has  contributed  to  the  success  of  the  Monday  Night  Male  Chorus. 
He  is  interested  in  the  improvement  of  the  cit}'s  vacant  land  tracts  and  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
West  Brooklyn  Association,  an  organization  of  property  owners  in  the  section  known  as  West  Brooklyn. 
He  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  in  December,  185S,  and  studied  at  public  school  No.  27.  When  twelve  years  old 
he  became  connected  with  Hussey's  Alessenger  Post  in  New  York.  After  two  years  at  that  service  he 
began  to  learn  the  printer's  tratle  in  New  York,  and  since  1878  he  has  had  the  management  of  the  print- 
ing and  advertising  of  Longman  &  Martinez,  i)aint  manufacturers.  New  York.  He  is  patentee  of  a 
machine  for  producing  type-written  letters  in  large  quantities.  In  1880  he  married  Miss  Sophie  Davis,  of 
Brooklyn. 

\ViLLi.AM  J.  ScH.-u'KELE  ha^;  been  a  member  of  the  Amaranth  eleven  years,  during  two  of  which  he 
was  the  financial  secretary,  and  durmg  two  otiier   years   a  member  of  the  finance   committee.     He  is  a 

Mason  of  si.x  years  standing,  affiliating  with  Acan- 
thus Lodge;  a  member  of  Gilbert  Council,  Royal 
Arcanum,  and  a  charter  member  of  the  Madison 
Building  and  Loan  Association  of  the  twenty-fifth 
ward.  He  has  extensive  real  estate  interests  in  the 
city.  He  was  born  in  Wurtemberg  near  Stuttgardt, 
Germany,  on  .April  24,  1S55.  Four  years  later  he 
came  to  this  country  with  his  ])arents,  and  settled 
at  West  Point,  N.  Y.  His  education  was  received 
at  the  Carsville  College  of  Highland  Falls,  where 
he  remained  until  he  was  fourteen  years  of  age,  when 
he  entered  Packard's  Business  College,  from  which 
he  was  graduated  in  1869.  He  learned  the  printing 
trade  and  after  spending  fourteen  years  in  the  em- 
ploy of  a  New  York  firm,  began  business  for  himself. 
He  married  Miss  Addie  Amarr  of  this  city. 

Al.an  R.  Fullarton  is  a  popular  member  of  the 
Amaranth.  He  has  not  participated  in  any  of  the 
performances  given  by  the  Association,  but  has  will- 
ingly contributed  substantial  assistance  in  other 
ways.  His  favorite  recreation  is  bowling  and  for 
three  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  Madison  and  is 
now  a  member  of  the  Stuyvesant  Bowling  Club.  He 
is  devoted  to  tennis  playing  also,  and  is  a  member  of 
the  Thistle  Tennis  Club.  He  was  born  in  Septem- 
ber, 1869,  at  Lasswade,  near  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  and 
attended  the  Edinburgh  Institute  six  years.  He 
,      ,  -  J  .  ,  .  '^'^'"''e   to    Brooklyn    and    spent    five  years   at   public 

r    w       V'r  '''  "■'''  .graduated   at  Wright's  Business   College.     He  was  employed  two  years 

by   Uhitall,  latum   cV-   Co.,  druggists,  and   his  next  employment  was  with  W.  A.  Bingham  &  Co.,  of    New 
lork.     He  is  now  cashier  for  that  firm. 

Tho.mas  Ferguson,  a  representative  member  of  the  society,  was  born  in  Scotland  in  June,  1846  and 
received  his  education  in  his  native  land.  He  came  to  America  in  1866,  and  began  his  business  career  with 
his  uncle,  John   !■ .  Phillips,  an  importer  and  manufacturer  of  whiting  etc 


WiLLI.AM    J.    SCHAUFnLE. 


In  1876,  he  formed  a  copartner- 


THE    STAGE— PROFESSIONAL   AND    AMATEUR. 


Henry  A.   Willis. 


ship  with  his  cousin,  John  B.  Phillips  and  continued  the  whiting  trade.  He  married  Miss  T.izzie  C.  (libson, 
of  Philadelphia,  in  1879.  His  residence  is  on  the  Ocean  Parkway,  Gravesend,  L.  L,  where  for  eight  years 
he  has  been  trustee  of  common  lands  for  the  town  corporation.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Montauk  Club. 

Henry  A.  Willis,  who  is  one  of  the  best  known  members  of  the  Amaranth,  was  born  in  Brooklyn  on 
July  II,  1858.     His  father,  Joseph    D.  Willis,  was,  in  1850,  one   of  the   prosperous  merchants  of  this  city. 

Henry  studied  at  the  Polytechnic    Institute   until    1876,  and   three   years 
r  '     .  later  became  one  of  the  firm   of  T.  B.  Willis  &  Bros.,  wholesale  and  retail 

hardware  dealers.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Montauk,  Brooklyn,  Clover 
and  Third  Ward  Republican  clubs,  and  the  Amateur  Opera  Association. 
He  has  been  connected  with  the  Amaranth  eight  years  and  has  served  on 
the  reception  committee  during  half  of  that  period;  he  is  one  of  the 
trustees.  From  1890  until  1892  he  represented  the  third  ward  of  Brooklyn 
in  the  board  of  supervisors.  In  1879  he  married  Miss  Anna  B.Milne  of 
Brooklyn.  Mrs.  AVillis  is  connected  with  a  number  of  charitable  societies, 
and  devotes  much  of  her  time  to  aiding  the  needy  and  deserving. 

W.  F.  Henderson  has  been  a  member  of  the  society  ten  years  and  in 
various  ways  is  one  of  its  most  earnest  and  substantial  supporters.  He 
was  born  in  1847  ^^^  New  York  city,  was  educated  at  the  Brooklyn  Poly- 
technic Institute  and  in  1861  began  his  business  career  with  a  firm  of 
shipping  and  commission  merchants.  Later  he  entered  the  employ  of 
Colgate  &  Co.,  and  has  remained  with  them  twenty-three  years.  He  has 
well-trained  tenor  voice,  and  is  a  member  of  both  the  male  and  mixed 
Hawthorne  quartettes  and  is  also  a  member  of  the  Amateur  Opera  Asso- 
ciation. He  is  a  member  of  the  Royal  Arcanum  and  the  Legion  of  Honor.  In  1869  he  married  Hannah, 
daughter  of  William  Pape. 

The  activity  of  J.  Valentine  Koch  in  amateur  theatricals  and  the  social  life  which  centres  in 
dramatic  organizations,  has  made  his  name  well  known  in  Brooklyn.  He  has  been  connected  with  the 
Amaranth  three  years,  during  one  year  of  which  time  he  served  on  the  printing  committee.  Previously 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Kemble  Dramatic  Society,  and  during  its  last  year  of  life  was  president  of  the 
organization.  He  was  two  years  a  member  of  the  Amateur  Opera  Association,  and  also  a  member  of 
the  Oxford  Club,  but  business  exactions  compelled  his  resignation.  He  was  born  in  the  city  of  New 
York,  on  June  27,  1846.  He  obtained  his  education  at  public  school  No.  8,  of  Brooklyn,  and  at  Allentown 
College,  Allentown,  Pa.,  from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1859.  He  entered  the  employ  of  his  father,  John 
C.  Koch,  a  manufacturing  stationer  in  New  Y'ork.  In  1865  he  became  a  partner,  and  is  still  one  of  the 
firm  of  Koch,  Sons  &  Co.  He  is  a  trustee  of  the  Stationers'  Board  of  Trade.  In  1S68  he  married 
Miss  Elizabeth  Hufnagel,  of  Brooklyn.  He  served  fifteen  years  in  the 
13th  Regiment,  having  joined  it  in  1862,  and  he  is  a  member  of  its  vet- 
eran association. 

Benjamin  C.  Smith,  who  has  been  nine  years  a  member  of  the 
society,  is  a  popular  man  in  social  circles  in  Brooklyn.  He  was  born  in 
New  York  city  on  June  4,  1845,  and  attended  school  at  Whitestone,  L.  I., 
until  he  was  twelve  years  old,  his  parents  having  moved  to  that  place 
when  he  was  an  infant.  Even  in  his  school-days  he  was  obliged  to  earn 
something  toward  his  own  support,  and  after  leaving  school  he  saved 
enough  from  his  earnings  on  a  farm  to  pay  for  a  course  of  instruction 
at  Eastman's  Business  College,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.  In  1867  he  was  em- 
ployed by  Ader  &  Deleree,  New  York,  dealers  in  plumbers'  supplies,  and 
eventually  became  a  partner.  In  1891  he  began  the  same  line  of  business 
on  his  own  account,  and  in  the  same  year  he  organized  the  Smith  &  Briggs 
brass  works  at  Buchanan,  Va.;  he  is  president  of  that  corporation  and  also 
treasurer  of  the  Plumbers'  Materials  Protective  Association  of  New  York. 
He  is  a  32°  Mason,  of  the  Scottish  rite;  a  charter  member  of  Acanthus 
Lodge,  No.  719,  a  member  of  Constitution  Chapter,  R.  A.  M.;  Clinton  Com- 
mandery,  K.  T.;  Aurora  Grata  Chapter  and  Consistory;  Kismet  Temple  of  the  Mystic  Shrine,  of  which 
temple  he  was  one  of  the  organizers;  of  the  Aurora  Grata  Association  and  of  the  Masonic  Aid  Association. 
He  is  also  a  member  of  De  Witt  Clinton  Council,  No.  419,  of  the  Royal  Arcanum;  the  Order  of  Friends  of 
New  York,  and  the  Knights  of  Honor.  He  is  a  Democrat,  and  for  nine  years  has  represented  the  ninth 
ward  in  the  general  committee.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Thomas  Jefferson  Association,  is  one  of  the 
vestry  of  St.  John's  P.  E.  Church,  and  chairman  of  the  General  G.  K.  Warren  Monument  Committee, 


Benjamin   C.  Smith. 


THE    EAGLE   AND   BROOKLYN. 

AUGUSTUS  Ward  Phelps  has  been  a  member  of  the  society  for  six  years,  has  served  on  several  of  its 
committees  and  was  a  trustee  one  year.  He  was  eleven  years  a  member  of  Company  H,  22d  Regiment, 
N  G  S  N  Y  and  he  is  now  a  veteran  of  that  regiment.  He  has  been  a  member  ot  the  Fountain  Gun 
Clublen  years,'  during  which  penod  he  has  served  as  trustee  four  years  and  as  vice-president  two  years.  He 
is  .member  of  the  Montauk  Club,  Bedford  Lodge,  F.  and  A.  M.,  and  Orient  Chapter,  R.  A.  M.  He  was 
born  in  New  York  city  on  January  i6,  1849.  Following  his  schooling  he  had  a  varied  business  experience, 
and  finally  became  a  partner  in  a  lithographing  and  engraving  company  in  New  York  city. 

\iFx^xi>ER  R  H.\RT  who  has  been  one  of  the  most  active  workers  in  the  interest  of  the  Amaranth, 
and  who  was  its  president  two  vears,  occupies  a  prominent  position  in  the  social  life  of  Brooklyn, 
bein<r  a  member  of  the  Union  League  and  Atlantic  Yacht  Clubs  and  other  similar  organizations.  He  was 
born^in  Clayton  N  Y  in  1854.  When  eighteen  years  of  age  he  began  the  study  of  law,  but  his  bent  was 
in  an  artistic  direction' and  in  1876,  an  opportmiity  offering  in  the  engraving  and  publishing  business,  he 
entered  upon  a  successful  career,  achieving  considerable  prominence  through  his  experiments  in  the  line  of 
photo-cheraical  engraving,  which,  in  connection  with  Prof.  Spencer  F.  Baird  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution, 
he  succeeded  in  having  adopted  by  the  government  for  its  publications.  He  is  president  of  the  New  York 
Engravincr  and  Printing  Company,  and  founded  the  firms  of  Hart  &  Von  Arx  and  A.  R.  Hart  &  Co. 

E  WiLLiARi)  Jones  was  born  in  New  York  city  in  1853.  His  first  experience  in  business  was  in  a  hat 
manufacturing  concern  in  New  York.  Later  he  formed  a  copartnership  in  the  same  line  of  trade  with 
Captain  Edward  Bird,  of  the  7th  Regiment,  and  these  business  relations  existed  five  years,  when  Mr.  Jones 
took  exclusive  control.  He  has  had  unlimited  confidence  in  the  future  of  Brooklyn  since  he  moved  here  in 
1884,  and  has  invested  largely  in  real  estate  in  various  sections  of  the  city.  He  was  the  organizer  of  the 
Broo'klyn  Manor  Company,  in  which  he  at  present  holds  the  position  of  president  and  treasurer. 

Though   not  a   member   of   the   dramatic    corps,  William  F.  Daley 
r  -  -  permits  no  one  to  surpass  him  in   active   interest  in  the  advancement  of 

the  Amaranth.  He  is  also  prominently  identified  with  the  Columbian 
Club,  and  other  social  organizations.  He  is  an  enthusiastic  horseman  and 
has  owned  several  blooded  and  speedy  animals.  All  out-door  sports  have 
for  him  an  irresistible  attraction.  He  was  born  on  December  7,  1856,  at 
Montezuma,  Cayuga  County,  N.  Y.,  and  studied,  until  he  reached  the  age 
of  eighteen,  at  the  Port  Byron  high  school  and  academy.  In  1881  he 
accepted  a  position  in  the  canal  collector's  office.  He  travelled  for  a 
Boston  publishing  house  from  1882  until  1885,  and  in  the  latter  year  moved 
to  Brooklyn,  and  engaged  with  the  Brooklyn  Union  Elevated  Railway 
Advertising  Company.  He  married,  on  April  4,  1888,  Miss  Cecilia  A.  Ford 
of  Brooklyn. 

Charles  H.  Bolles  was  born  in  Boston,  in  June,  1864,  and  received  his 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  that  city.     At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  ac- 
;        cepted  a  position  with  the   wholesale  hardware  firm  of  Bolles  &  Wilde,  in 
^   ^  Boston,  of  which  his  father  was   senior   member,  and  later  he  engaged  in 

\ViLLi.\M   F.   Daley.  '  i-  i 

the  metal  business.  In  1885  he  accepted  a  position  as  travelling  salesman 
for  Merchant  &  Co.,  of  Philadelphia,  dealers  in  tin  plate  and  other  metals.  He  started  as  travelling  sales- 
man, but  owing  to  his  push,  fidelity  and  business  tact,  he  now  holds  the  position  of  manager  of  the  firm's 
branch  house  in  New  York.  He  is  a  member  of  Magnolia  Lodge,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  of  Commonwealth  Lodge, 
F.  and  A.  M.;  and  Orient  Chapter,  R.  A.  M.  For  two  years  he  was  connected  with  the  Gilbert  Dramatic 
Society,  but  left  to  join  the  Amaranth.  While  in  Massachusetts  he  was  for  three  years  a  member  of  the 
Roxbury  City  Guard,  organized  in  1784.  He  was  formerly  a  member  of  the  South  Boston  Yacht  Club,  and 
continues  to  derive  much  pleasure  from  yachting.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Engineers'  Club. 

In  the  list  of  former  officers  of  the  Amaranth  the  name  of  H.  A.  Kessel  has  prominent  place,  he  hav- 
ing filled  the  positions  of  financial  secretary  and  treasurer  three  years  and  one  year  respectively.  Fie  has 
been  active  in  Masonic  circles  since  1881  and  is  a  member  of  Cassia  Lodge,  F.  and  A.  M.,  and  the  Aurora 
Grata  Club.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Amateur  Opera  Association.  He  was  born  in  London,  on  April 
15,  i860,  and  coming  to  America  with  his  parents,  pursued  a  course  of  study  at  Poughkeepsie  and  finished 
at  Carpenter's  Business  College,  Brooklyn.  In  1874  he  obtained  an  appointment  in  the  New  York  custom- 
house, where  he  remained  five  years.  He  then  became  a  member  of  the  firm  of  E.  George  &  Co.,  in  the 
machinery  and  steamship  supply  trade,  in  which  business  he  is  still  engaged  in  New  York. 

the    amateur    (ll'ERA     ASSOCIATION. 

Excellent  in  its  art  and  in  its  results,  the  Amateur  Opera  Association  of  Brooklyn  has  achieved  a 
reputation  by  no  means  locally  circumscribed,  and  few  better  performances  of  "  Pinafore  "  and  other  Gilbert 


THE    STAGE— PROFESSIONAL    AND   AMATEUR.  1003 

and  Sullivan  operas  have  been  given  in  the  United  States  than  by  this  organization.  There  is  a  dash  and 
vigor  in  its  performances  not  always  characteristic  of  even  the  best  professional  efforts.  The  performances 
of  the  association  have  included  the  "  Pirates  of  Penzance,"  "Chimes  of  Normandy,"  "  Musketeers,"  "Pearl 
of  Bagdad,"  "Gondoliers,"  "Bohemian  Girl,"  "Era  Diavolo,"  "  Frog  Opera,"  "  Doctor  of  Alcantara," 
"  Sorcerer,"  "  Mikado,"  "  Billee  Taylor,"  "  Fiitinitza,"  "  Beggar  Student  "  and  "  lolanthe."  Many  representa- 
tive persons  have  been  connected  with  the  society.  The  officers  during  the  season  of  1892-93  were  Joseph 
F.  Fradley,  president;  Ludwig  Nissen,  vice-president;  Manuel  Berdu,  secretary;  E.  B.  Jordan,  treasurer; 
Samuel  Barron,  financial  secretary. 

THE    GILBERT  AMATEUR  DRAMATIC   ASSOCIATION. 

The  Gilbert  Dramatic  Association  was  formed  on  June  26,  1879,  by  eleven  members  of  a  social  organi- 
zation known  as  the  Nonchalant  Club,  the  first  officers  being  George  A.  Wasson,  president;  E.  S.  Seaman, 
vice-president;  W.  B.  Vernam,  secretary,  and  Frank  G.  Reed,  treasurer.  The  limit  of  one  hundred  and 
fifty  members  was  reached  shortly  afterward.  The  first  dramatic  effort  of  the  CJilbert  was  the  presentation 
of  two  short  plays,  W.  S.  Gilbert's  "  Sweethearts  "  and  Madison  Morton's  "Aunt  Charlotte's  Maid."  This 
performance  took  place  on  November  lo,  1879  in  the  Athenseum.  The  last  performance  of  the  first  sea- 
son was  given  at  the  Academy  of  Music.  "  Married  Life  "  was  the  play,  in  which  Miss  Edith  Kingdon,  now 
Mrs.  George  Gould,  took  a  leading  part.  Miss  Kingdon  continued  to  play  with  the  Gilbert  several  seasons, 
transferring  her  allegiance  to  the  Amaranth  Dramatic  Society  for  a  time,  and  then  adopting  the  stage  as  a 
profession.  On  October  28,  1884,  the  society  obtained  a  certificate  of  incorporation.  The  Gilbert  can  claim 
a  number  of  professional  actors  and  actresses  as  graduates  from  its  dramatic  corps,  among  them  being  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Fred.  Mann,  Miss  Alice  C.  Chapin,  R.  C.  Hilliard,  C.  H.  Canfield,  Mrs.  Grace  Clarke,  and  Mrs. 
Nellie  Yale  Nelson.  The  association  has  often  played,  both  in  this  city  and  out  of  town,  for  various  charit- 
able purposes.  Six  plays  are  presented  each  season.  The  association  is  ruled  by  a  board  of  directors  and  a 
dramatic  committee,  with  which  lies  the  duty  of  selecting  the  members  of  the  dramatic  corps.  Although 
ladies  are  not  eligible  to  membership  in  the  society,  they  may  be  chosen  members  of  the  dramatic  corps  (or 
the  season.  The  officers  are  George  T.  Musson,  president;  A.  F.  Allen,  vice-president;  F.  H.  Bristow, 
secretary  and  T.  W.  Smith,  treasurer. 

President  George  T.  Musson  was  born  at  St.  John's,  Newfoundland.  When  six  years  of  age  he 
came  with  his  parents  to  the  United  States,  and  located  in  Baltimore,  but  subsequently  moved  to  Brooklyn, 
where  he  received  his  education  at  the  public  schools.  At  the  age  of  twenty  he  joined  the  23d  Regiment. 
He  is  sergeant  of  Company  K,  and  since  1882  has  served  as  treasurer  of  the  company.  He  is  a  member 
of  De  Witt  Clinton  Council,  Royal  Arcanum,  and  a  director  in  the  Brooklyn  and  New  York  Arcanum 
Building  and  Loan  Association. 

The  society  has  an  efficient  secretary  in  Frank.  H.  Bristow,  who,  although  he  has  never  appeared 
on  the  stage,  has  probably  a  more  extended  acquaintance  among  the  amateur  players  than  any  man  in 
Brooklyn.  He  was  born  in  Brooklyn  on  March  7,  1865,  and  has  always  resided  in  this  city.  He  is  at 
present  employed  in  the  art  rooms  of  his  father,  Henry  Bristow.  His  amateur  experience  began  with  the 
Booth  Dramatic  Society  of  1885,  of  which  he  was  one  of  the  founders;  at  the  first  annual  meeting  of  the 
society  he  was  selected  as  a  trustee,  the  year  following  he  was  made  vice-president,  and  the  third  year  he  was 
advanced  to  the  presidency,  and  represented  the  society  as  a  delegate  to  the  League  of  Amateur  Societies 
of  Brooklyn,  New  York  and  Jersey  City.  In  1889  he  was  again  elected  president,  and  served  two  terms; 
since  that  time  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees.  He  was  formerly  a  member  of  the 
Melpomene  and  Amaranth  associations,  and  for  a  time  was  a  trustee  and  treasurer  of  the  former.  He  is 
also  prominently  identified  with  other  social  and  fraternal  organizations,  including  the  Society  of  Sons 
of  the  Revolution,  Brooklyn  Academy  of  Photography,  Nassau  Lodge,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Columbus  Council  No. 
103,  N.  P.  U.,  and  the  Bohemia  Club. 

Theodore  W.  Smith  became  identified  with  the  Gilbert  in  1882.  For  two  years  he  filled  the  position 
of  secretary,  and  in  1892  was  chosen  treasurer.  He  was  born  in  New  York  city  on  March  19,  1857,  and 
was  educated  in  Brooklyn.  In  the  days  when  the  Nameless  Baseball  Club  held  the  amateur  championship 
of  Long  Island  he  was  the  leading  catcher.  He  stands  well  in  the  front  as  a  player  of  the  national  game, 
and  is  at  present  a  member  of  the  Jamaica  Athletic  Club. 

For  ten  years  the  society  has  had  an  enthusiastic  member  in  Frederic  Jerome  Mveks.  He  has 
served  five  years  on  the  reception  committee,  one  year  on  the  membership  committee,  two  years  as 
treasurer,  and  at  the  general  meeting  in  1892  he  was  elected  for  a  second  term  chairman  of  the  reception 
committee.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Amaranth  two  years.  He  has  a  cultivated  tenor  voice  and  has 
sung  in  a  number  of  Brooklyn  church  choirs.  He  is  a  patron  and  admirer  of  athletic  sports  in  general,  and 
is  partial  to  bowling;  for  three  years  he  was  a  member  and  an  officer  of  the  "  Alpha,"  now  known  as  the 
Utopia  Bowling  Club.'    Born  in  Brooklyn,  on   December  27,  1863,  he  studied   at  public  school   No.  15,  and 


1004 


THE    EAGLE   AND    BROOKLYN. 


was  graduated  in  1876.  He  represents  several  insurance  companies  in  Brooklyn,  and  is  in  partnership 
with  Arthur  F,  Allen,  his  father-in-law,  in  the  New  York  Advertising  Sign  Co.  For  five  years  he  was  one 
of  the  directors  of  the  Long  Island  Free  Library,  at  568  Atlantic  avenue,  and  served  as  secretary  and 
treasurer.     He  married  Miss  Mattie  Allen  on  October  7,  1891. 

For  more  than  a  decade  E.  C.  H.arhordt  has  been  a  conspicuous  figure  in  the  amateur  dramatic  cir- 
cles of  the  city.  He  is  a  member  of  eleven  years'  standing  in  the  Gilbert,  six  years  in  the  Amateur  Opera 
Association,  five  years  in  the  Amaranth,  and  was  two  years  a  member  of  the  Florence.  In  the  first-named 
he  has  served  two  years  as  a  trustee,  the  same  length  of  time  as  chairman  of  the  membership  committee 
and  during  two  seasons  was  vice-president.  In  the  Opera  Association  he  has  acted  on  the  chorus  and 
nominating  committees.  He  was  a  member  of  the  old  Nameless  Baseball  Club  eight  years,  and  is  now  a 
member  of  the  Utopia  Bowling  Club,  formerly  the  Alpha.  He  was  born  in  New  York  in  November,  1858. 
Eight  years  after,  he  moved  to  Brooklyn,  where  he  attended  public  school  No.  11,  later  taking  a  course  at  a 
business  college  and  subsequently  studying  German  at  St.  Luke's  German  Academy.  He  married  a  Brook- 
lyn lady  and  has  one  son,  Cecil  J.  Harbordt,  ten  years  of  age,  who  has  achieved  note  as  a  singer  and  char- 
acter impersonator  on  the  entertainment  stage. 

THE    MELPO.MliNE    DRAM-'Vl'IC    SOCIETV. 

The  Melpomene  Dramatic  Society,  was  organized  in  March,  1883,  with  Charles  R.  Bradford  as  presi- 
dent. Among  its  organizers  were  Messrs.  Bradford,  Lopez,  Delgado,  Kane,  Randall,  Suzartee  and  one  or 
two  other  gentlemen.  "  Our  Boys"  was  the  first  play  it  produced.  The  membership  list  grew  rapidly  and 
the  original  dramatic  corps  included  some  of  the  best  amateurs  of  Brooklyn  and  New  York,  among  whom 
were  Miss  Josie  Dilks,  Miss  Ellen  Starr,  Miss  Burton,  the  Misses  Hicks,  Miss  Annie  Hyde,  Miss  Julia  Reid, 
Miss  Beatrice  Read,  Mrs.  Robert  Dunkley,  and  Messrs.  Reehner,  Lopez,  Delgado,  Podgett,  Randall, 
LaBarbier,  Deane  W.  Pratt,  William  Macfariane,  Meafoy,  Tom  Bell  and  Jacobson,  with  others.  Entertain- 
ments are  given  once  a  month,  from  October  to  April,  inclusive.  The  dramatic  corps  numbers  about  forty 
ladies  and  gentlemen,  and  the  membership  is  limited  to  seventy-five.  The  society  has  presented  several 
substantial  gifts  to  charities,  among  its  beneficiaries  being  St,  Mary's  General  Hospital  and  the  Masonic 
Hall  and  Asylum  Fund.  The  officers  elected  in  May,  1892,  are:  James  Van  Dyk,  president;  Charles  T. 
Catlin,  vice-president;  Jose  A.  del  Solar,  secretary;  George  C.  Butcher,  treasurer. 

James  Van  Dvk,  now  serving  his  second  term  as  president  of  the  Melpomene,  has  been  a  member  of  the 
organization  eight  years.  He  was  on  the  board  of  trustees  three  years,  treasurer  two  years  and  held  the 
office  of  secretary  one  year.  As  one  of  the  dramatic  corps  he  has  played  a  number  of  parts,  most  of  them 
being  what  are  termed  "  leading  heavies,"  including  such  characters  as  Rolando,  in  "The  Honeymoon," 
Baron  du  Bois  in  "The  Galley  Slave,"  Jacques  Frochard  in  "The  Two  Orphans,"  and  the  Parson  in  "The 
Danites."  Although  engaged  in  business,  he  has  for  two  years  studied  medicine  at  the  Long  Island  Col- 
lege Hospital.  He  was  born  at  Carondelet,  Mo.,  on  January  23,  1863,  and  comes  of  a  family  that  has 
been  distinguished  by  the  patriotism  of  some  of  its  members.  Colonel  John  Van  Dyk,  his  great-grand- 
father, was  a  soldier  of  the  revolutionary  period  and  fought  in  twelve  battles,  including  those  of  White 
Plains,  Morristown,  and  Valley  Forge.  Furloughed  from  the  army,  he  entered  the  navy  and  was  captured 
by  the  British  during  an  engagement.  He  was  sent  to  the  Jersey  prison-ship  and  was  the  first  of  the  pris- 
oners on  that  ship  to  be  exchanged.  He  was  also  one  of  the  four  American  officers  who  accompanied  the 
unfortunate  British  officer.  Major  Andre,  to  the  place  where  he  was  hanged  as  a  spy.  Colonel  John  Van 
Dyk  was  made  a  member  of  the  Society  of  the  Cincinnati  after  the  war,  an  honor  that  is  hereditary, 
descending  to  eldest  sons^  and  is  now  held  by  James  Van  Dyk,  the  uncle  of  James  Van  Dyk,  who  is  next  in 
the  line  of  inheritance.  Francis  Van  Dyk,  an  uncle  of  James,  was  a  member  of  the  Pittsburgh  Greys,  fought 
m  the  Mexican  war  and  was  one  of  seven  men  killed  at  Pueblo,  to  whose  memory  a  monument  was  erected 
near  the  city  of  Pittsburgh.  After  being  graduated  in  187S  from  public  school  No.  i,  in  Brooklyn,  his  father 
having  moved  to  this  city  in  1870,  James  Van  Dyk  became  a  clerk  in  the  employ  of  his  father,  who  was 
then  a  coffee  and  spice  manufacturer  at  the  corner  of  Boerum  place  and  State  street.  A  service  of 
two  years  in  this  capacity  was  followed  by  an  engagement  as  manager  in  the  eastern  states  for  the  Cen- 
tennial American  tea  stores.  He  began  in  the  tea  and  coffee  business  for  himself  in  1880.  For  six 
months  he  was  general  manager  and  a  partner  in  the  house  publishing  the  New  York  Society  Review.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Sons  of  the  Revolution,  De  Witt  Clinton  Council,  Royal  Arcanum,  and 
Columbus  Council  No.  103,  N.  P.  U. 

In  Brooklyn  Charles  T.  Catlin  is  widely  known  as  one  of  the  most  enthusiastic  and  the 
best  of  the  amateur  Thespians  for  which  the  city  is  famous.  He  joined  the  Gilbert  about  the  time  of 
Its  organization  and  during  the  season  of  1887-8,  he  was  chairman  of  its  dramatic  committee  and  was  again 
elected  to  that  office  for  the  season  of  1892-3.  He  has  contributed  frequently  to  the  Gilbert  programme, 
and  IS  a  writer  of  character  sketches.     He  is  vice-president  and  a  member  of  the  dramatic  corps  of  the 


^^^^m^u-ii^^^^^di^'X 


Melpomene,  having  joined  that  organization  in  December,  1S87,  and  he  is  also  a  member  of  the  Florence, 
which  he  joined  two  years  later.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Lotos  Club,  of  New  York,  and  as  a  son  of  Yale  he 
is  on  the  rolls  of  both  the  New  York  and  Long  Island  Alumni  associations. 

George  C.  Butcher  is  treasurer  of  the  Melpomene,  and  he  is  one  of  the  most  indefatigable  workers 
in  the  society's  interest.  He  is  prominent  in  social  circles  and  has  earned  reputation  as  a  cyclist  and 
marksman,  having  won  several  medals  and  taken  the  first  prizes  at  two  hundred  yards  and  at  five  hundred 
yards  in  contests  among  members  ot  the  13th  Regiment,  of  which  he  was  a  member  five  years,  serving 
some  time  as  second  sergeant  of  Company  H,  and  afterwards  in  Company  C.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Bed- 
ford Bicycle  Club.  He  was  born  in  Brooklyn  on  August  9,  1864,  and  until  he  was  fourteen  years  old  he 
attended  the  public  school  on  Wilson  street.  Then  he  became  a  clerk  in  the  general  superintendent's 
office  of  the  Adams  Express  Company,  and  finally,  with  his  brother,  Harry  C.  Butcher,  as  partner,  began 
business  on  his  own  account  under  the  firm  name  of  George  C.  Butcher  &  Co. 

Amateur  theatricals  have  had  no  more  active  friend  in  Brooklyn  than  Jose  del  Solar,  whose  member- 
ship in  the  Melpomene  has  been  marked  by  conspicuous  efficiency  in  more  than  one  direction.  He  held  the 
office  of  secretary  two  years,  and  as  one  of  the  dramatic  corps  has  enacted  minor  parts.  He  is  a  Cuban, 
was  born  in  Havana  on  August  29,  1868,  and  received  his  early  education  on  his  native  island.  He  was 
sent  to  America  to  complete  his  studies  in  1879,  ^'""^1  entering  St.  John's  College,  Fordham,  was  graduated 
there  in  1886.  His  father,  A.  del  Solar,  had  come  to  America  the  year  previous.  After  his  graduation 
from  college  Mr.  del  Solar  became  assistant  clerk  in  the  establishment  of  Longman  &  Martinez,  paint  manu- 
facturers in  New  York  city,  and  he  is  now  head  of  the  export  department. 

Charles  E.  Le  Baruier  is  one  of  those  who  aided  in  the  organization  of  the  society.  For  many 
years  he  actively  participated  in  the  public  entertainments  given  by  the  society,  playing  light  comedy  roles 
with  a  graceful  ease  that  won  for  him  many  admirers,  and  often  interpreting  leading  characters.  He  was 
born  in  New  York  city,  on  January  16,  1859,  and  received  his  early  education  in  France,  completing  his 
studies  in  this  country.  When  eighteen,  he  began  to  study  law  with  the  firm  of  Coudert  Brothers,  and 
three  years  later  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  New  York  state.  He  at  once  entered  upon  the  practice 
of  his  profession  and  has  become  one  of  the  successful  lawyers  of  New  York  city. 


ioo6  THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 

Paul  W.  Ledoux  joined  the  Melpomene  in  1S91.  He  came  to  New  York  at  the  age  of  fifteen  and 
worked  for  two  years  as  an  apprentice  in  William  'I'row's  book-binding  establishment.  At  the  end  of  that 
time  the  manao-ement  of  the  business  was  entrusted  to  his  hands  and  he  remained  at  the  head  of  its  affairs 
until  he  was  twenty-two.  In  187 1  he  laid  the  toundations  of  the  real  estate  business  which  he  now  controls. 
He  purchased  a  block  and  a  half  of  property  bounded  by  Broadway,  Bushwick  avenue,  Eldert  and  Halsey 
streets,  on  which  he  erected  thirteen  stores  and  many  dwelling-houses.  For  this  property  he  paid  $1,000 
per  lot'  and  so  greatly  has  the  value  of  the  investment  increased  that  for  the  Broadway  front,  which  con- 
tains 200  feet,  and  which  remains  in  his  possession,  he  has  been  offered  $100,000.  He  was  a  prime  mover 
in  the  pioject's  which  led  to  the  extension  of  Putnam  avenue  and  Halsey  street  railroad,  and  the  construc- 


Paul  W.  Ledoux. 

tion  of  the  Brooklyn  Elevated  Railroad.  He  was  atone  time  chairman  both  of  the  board  of  trustees  and  of 
the  e.Kecutive  committee  of  Bushwick  Council,  Royal  Arcanum,  of  which  he  has  been  a  member  ever  since 
its  organization.  When  he  moved  to  Brooklyn,  in  i86g,  he  relinquished  the  assistant  secretaryship  of 
L'Union  Frangaise  I^odge,  No.  17,  F.  and  A.  M.,  with  which  he  had  been  associated  many  years.  He  was  also 
a  member  of  Purity  Lodge,  I.  O.  O.  F.  His  early  life,  until  he  left  his  home  for  New  York,  was  passed  in 
^fontreal,  Canada,  where  he  was  born  on  August  7,  1837.  His  parents  were  French  Canadians.  He  mar- 
ried Miss  1^.  Jones,  daughter  of  the  late  Gilbert  D.  Jones,  a  prominent  inventor. 

Dr.  John  J.  Mackev,  both  as  an  actor  and  as  a  worker  on  the  dramatic  committee,  has  been  a  repre- 
sentative member  of  the  Melpomene.  He  is  prominent  in  other  societies  and  was  one  of  the  organizers 
of  the  Brooklyn  Lodge  of  Elks.  He  was  the  founder  of  the  Orion  Athletic  Association,  of  Jersey  City, 
and  retains  his  love  of  out-door  sports.  He  was  born  in  ]3ublin  and  educated  at  Belvidere  College.  At 
the  age  of  sixteen  years  he  entered  the  medical  department  of  the  Dublin  Catholic  University,  and  left 
there  to  come  to  New  York  with  his  parents  in  1877.  Soon  after  his  arrival  he  entered  the  Bellevue  Medi- 
cal College  in  New  York  and  completed  his  medical  studies.  He  received  his  diploma  in  1882  and  began  to 
practise  in  this  city. 

Thomas  C.   P.f.i.i.  joined  the  society  in  1884.     He  is  a  character  actor  of  genuine  merit,  and  besides 


THE   STAGE— PROFESSIONAL   AND    AMATEUR. 


1007 


Thomas  C.  Bell. 


contributing  to  the  success  of  performances,  he  is  deeply  interested  in  the  general  welfare  of  the  organiza- 
tion, in  which  he  has  held  the  office  of  treasurer  one  year,  and  has  served  on  the  dramatic  committee  sev- 
eral seasons.     He  is  one  of  Brooklyn's  veteran  amateurs,  having 
made  his  first  appearance  on  the  stage  in  Hickock  Hall,  in  1873, 
when  he  played  the  character  of  Paul  Pry.     For  four  years  he  was  a< 

a  member  of  the  old  Kemble  Society,  and  a  member  of  the  Athe- 
nean  Society  a  similar  period.  He  was  also  one  of  the  organ- 
izers of  the  old  Garrick  Club,  which  produced  many  successful 
amateurs.  He  has  made  an  e.xcellent  reputation,  too,  as  a  profes- 
sional reader  and  reciter.  These  things  are  his  diversions,  for 
he  is  a  practical  business  man,  and  holds  the  position  of  cashier 
in  the  Metropolitan  General  Agency  of  the  Mutual  Life  Insu- 
rance Company,  of  New  York.  His  father,  Charles  Bell,  was  an 
old-time  business  man  in  New  York  city,  and  was  for  many  years 
in  the  paint  and  color  trade.  Thomas  C.  Bell  was  born  in  Albany, 
on  July  19,  1857,  and  has  lived  in  Brooklyn  since  1868.  Until  he 
was  sixteen  years  old  he  studied  at  the  Polytechnic  Institute, 
after  which  he  began  his  business  life.  He  married  Miss  Evelyn 
Kennedy,  the  daughter  of  Colonel  William  D.  Kennedy,  who 
organized  the  426  New  York,  or  "  Tammany  "  Regiment. 

Harrie  J.  Stokum,  the  acting  "  coach  "  for  the  Melpomene, 
made  his  first  appearance  on  the  stage  at  Fishkill  Landing,  when 
he  was  only  fourteen  years  old,  and  played  a  Yankee  character  in 
a  sketch  entitled  "Bunker  Hill."  He  studied  elocution  under 
Gabriel  Harrison,  and  in  the  theatrical  art  had  the  advantage 
of  study  under  C.  R.  Thorne  and  Lewis  Morrison.  For  seven  years 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Gilbert  Society,  of  Brooklyn,  and  five  years  of  that  period  he  was  a  member  of  the 
dramatic  committee  and  the  leading  man  in  the  stage  representations.  He  was  at  one  time  a  member  of  the 
Entre  Nous,  the  /Etna  and  the  Monroe  Literary  clubs.  Born  near  New  City,  Rockland  County,  N.  Y.,  on 
June  22,  1856,  he  was  graduated  from  the  Nyack  high  school  and  was  studying  at  a  preparatory  school  in 
Haverstraw,  N.  Y.,  when  his  father  died.  He  decided  that  he  must  begin  to  earn  his  living  and  began  the 
study  of  the  art  of  photography.  Ultimately  he  came  to  Brooklyn  and  for  the  past  eight  years  has  been 
portrait  artist  in  a  local  photographic  establishment.  He  married  Alwilda  Castle,  daughter  of  Robert  and 
Rose  Castle  of  Montreal,  Canada.  He  is  a  general  all-around  athlete,  having  held  the  championship  of  the 
United  States  and  Canada  in  several  events,  and  he  is  the  possessor  of  one  hundred  and  fifty-three  medals 
and  other  trophies.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Brooklyn  Athletic  and  Nassau  Athletic  clubs  and  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association. 

From  the  practical  details  of  a  busy  lawyer's  life,  Edward  J.  McCrossin  turns  for  recreation  to  the 
pleasures  of  club  life,  and  he  is  well  known  in  many  of  the  social  clubs  of  Brooklyn.  He  has  always  been 
greatly  interested  in  amateur  theatricals  and  has  been  active  in  promoting  them.  For  a  year  past  he  has 
been  a  member  of  the  Melpomene.  He  is  vice-president  of  the  Young  Men's  Democratic  Club  of  the 
twenty-third  ward  and  takes  marked  interest  in  its  progress;  and  he  has  been  for  two  years  a  member  of 
the  Young  Men's  Democratic  Club  of  Kings  County.  He  was  born  in  Brooklyn  on  November  25,  1868, 
and  is  a  graduate  of  St.  Francis  College,  class  of  1886,  and  of  Columbia  College  Law  School.  While  at 
Columbia  he  became  a  member  of  the  Theta  Delta  Chi  fraternity.  His  bearing  and  address  are  good 
and  he  is  a  meritorious  debater,  having  given  his  talent  in  this  direction  full  play  while  at  college.  He  is  a 
charter  member  of  Madison  Council,  Catholic  Benevolent  Legion. 

William  W.  Butcher,  as  a  member  of  the  Melpomene,  has  been  an  earnest  worker,  rendering  effi- 
cient service  in  1891  as  treasurer,  and  in  1892  as  chairman  of  the  board  of  trustees.  He  was  one  of  the 
organizers  of  the  Arion  Singing  Society,  and  is  still  an  active  member;  he  is  a  member  of  the  Pioneer 
Boat  Club;  Long  Island  Council,  Royal  Arcanum;  Brooklyn  Lodge,  Empire  Order  of  Mutual  Aid;  Acanthus 
Lodge,  F.  and  A.  M.;  Orient  Chapter,  R.  A.  M.;  and  the  Scottish  rite  bodies  of  Masons.  He  was  born  m 
Brooklyn,  on  December  4,  1858,  and  attended  public  school  No.  i  and  the  People's  College,  Havana,  N.  Y., 
from  which  he  was  graduated  when  seventeen  years  old.  He  studied  law  under  (;eneral  Stewart  L.  Wood- 
ford and  subsequently  began  practice  in  this  city.  He  married  Miss  Emma  R.  Schilling,  eldest  daughter  of 
Dr.  Schilling. 

Deane  Winthrop  Pratt  has  for  several  years  been  a  popular  amateur  actor,  but  business  responsibil- 
ities have  increased  upon  him  to  such  an  extent  that  he  is  not  so  active  in  stage  matters  as  he  was  at  one 
time.     He  is  still,  however,  a  member  of  the  dramatic  corps  of  the  Melpomene.     He  made  his  first  appear- 


looS  THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 

ance  when  he  was  sixteen  years  old,  representing  the  villain  in  "  The  Carpenter  of  Rouen  "  in  a  performance 
of  that  play  given  at  Hickock  Hall,  Brooklyn.  Later  he  played  comedy  parts  for  the  Amaranth  until  the 
Kemble  Dramatic  Society  was  formed,  and  he  appeared  at  the  entertainments  given  by  the  Kemble  until  that 
organization  disbanded.  For  a  time  he  was  out  of  the  active  circle  of  amateur  performers,  owing  to  his 
business  engagements,  but  the  Melpomene  induced  him  to  return  to  the  stage.  He  began  his  business 
career  in  the  year  that  witnessed  his  Jebiit  upon  the  stage,  going  from  his  school-books  into  the  establish- 
ment of  Brainard,  Armstrong  &  Co.,  manufacturers  of  sewing  silk,  with  whom  he  remained  ten  years.  In 
1S87  he  was  engaged  by  the  Clark  O.  N.  T.  Company,  of  New  York,  and  has  remained  with  that  firm.  He 
is,  on  the  maternal  side,  a  descendant  of  the  Winthrop  family  of  Massachusetts.  He  was  born  in  New 
London,  Conn.,  came  to  Brooklyn  when  he  was  a  child  and  received  his  education  at  the  Adelphi  Academy. 

THE     KEND.A.L    DR.^MATIC    SOCIETY. 

The  Kendal  was  organized  in  1890  by  Jay  D.  Folkart,  William  J.  Coleman,  Michael  Jacobs,  Isaac 
Davis,  and  the  Misses  Cantor  and  Bass.  The  membership  is  select,  and  in  dealing  with  the  large  number 
of  applications  for  admission,  preference  has  been  given  always  to  those  whose  talents  promised  added 
breadth  and  strength  to  the  dramatic  resources  of  the  association.  A  noteworthy  fact  is  that  the  society  can 
furnish  from  its  own  ranks  an  orchestra  to  assist  in  its  entertainments.  During  the  winter  season  the 
society  gives  semi-monthly  socials  at  the  Athen^um,  and  on  stated  occasions  during  the  year  the  friends 
of  the  members  are  invited  to  the  club-rooms  at  198  Livingston  street,  where  they  are  entertained  by 
recitations,  debates  and  farces  or  comedy  performances.  Public  performances  are  given  about  three  times 
a  year  in  some  one  of  the  large  halls  of  the  city,  and  the  liberal  patronage  bestowed  upon  these  results  in 
large  contributions  to  the  charities  of  the  city,  the  proceeds  being  turned  over  to  some  one  of  the  many 
philanthropic  organizations.  Among  the  comedies  which  the  society  has  produced  is  "Weak  Woman,"  the 
play  in  which  Edward  Terry  made  his  famous  London  success,  and  the  Kendal  was  the  first  society  to 
obtain  permission  to  perform  it  in  this  country.  It  was  produced  on  the  evening  of  December  i,  189;,  and 
the  cast  included  Misses  Ray  Marks,  Dora  Newman,  Hattie  Cohen,  and  Messrs.  J.  D.  Folkart,  \\ .  C.  More- 
land,  Gabriel  Trum,  Isaac  Davis,  Samuel  Van  Rooven  and  M.  J.  Charles.  The  officers  of  the  Kendal  are 
Jay  1).  Folkart,  president;  Bernard  \Volff,  treasurer;  Alexander  H.  Levy,  secretary;  and  W.  J.  Coleman, 
financial  secretary. 

THE     FLORENCE    DRAMATIC    SOCIETY. 

The  Florence  was  founded  on  September  24,  1889,  and  named  in  honor  of  the  late  William  J.  Florence, 
the  C(jmedian.  Its  first  officers  were  Henry  P.  Stevens,  president,  and  Clement  B.  Asbury,  secretary,  both 
of  whom  have  continued  to  be  active  in  promoting  the  welfare  of  the  society.  Its  initial  entertainment  was 
given  at  the  Criterion  Theatre  on  November  14,  1889,  the  three-act  comedy  entitled  "  Love  Wins"  being 
presented.  In  the  cast  were  Miss  Mamie  Sloat  and  Miss  Carlota  Cole  who,  as  members  of  the  dramatic 
corps,  have  successfully  performed  several  difficult  parts.  The  first  season  closed  with  satisfactory  results 
and  the  second  opened  with  a  performance  of  the  old  comedy  "The  Liar"  on  November  20,  1890.  Decem- 
ber 18,  of  the  same  year,  was  marked  by  the  production  of  Jerome's  one-act  comedy,  "  Sunset,"  which  was 
so  admirably  presented  that  in  response  to  requests  for  its  repetition  it  was  subsequently  given  at  several 
benefit  performances.  During  the  same  season  the  Florence  produced  two  original  plays—"  Delphine," 
by  C.  W.  Reeder,j3n__March  26,  1891,  and  the  other  "Married  by  Proxy,"  which  was  given  later.  "Our 
American  Cousin"  was  one  of  the  society's  most  noteworthy  successes.  The  rooms  of  the  Florence  are  in 
the  Criterion  Theatre  building,  and  their  social  receptions,  which  are  prominent  among  the  fashionable  events 
of  the  season  in  Brooklyn,  are  held  in  Avon  Hall,  Bedford  avenue.  The  officers  of  the  society  are  Charles 
H.  Dow,  president;  Frank  Sittig,  vice-president;  Elmer  E.  Magill,  secretary;  Ronald  Taylor,  treasurer. 

THE    BOOTH     DRAMATIC    SOCIETY. 

The  Booth  was  organized  in  the  early  part  of  1885,  with  a  membership  of  fifteen,  and  T.  T.  Hayden  as 
Its  first  president.  At  the  initial  performance  "  Black  Sheep  "  was  presented.  In  July  of  the  same  year, 
while  Edwin  Booth  was  filling  an  engagement  at  the  Academy  of  Music,  the  society  presented  hhn  with 
a  handsome  diamond  membership  badge.  Following  the  opening  entertainment,  "  My  Mother-in-law," 
"  Saratoga,"  "  The  Old  Guard  "  and  "  Father  and  Son  "  were  presented  m  the  order  named.  George  Van 
Nostrand  succeeded  Mr.  Hayden  as  president,  and  F.  H.  Bristow  was  the  third  to  hold  the  office.  The 
election  of  Iredenck  E.  Teves  to  the  presidency  marked  an  epoch  in  the  society's  history,  as  he  infused 
new  life  into  It  and  mended  its  fortunes,  which  had  been  somewhat  on  the  ebb.  The  headquarters  are 
m  the  Criterion  building.  It  now  has  its  full  membership  of  fifty,  and  there  is  a  long  waiting  list  of 
aspirants  to  membership.  The  officers  are  C.  T.  Wiegand,  president;  J.  M.  Purdy,  vice-president;  Arthur 
Hofiman,  secretary;  H.  C.  Nolan,  treasurer. 


THE    STAGE— PROFESSIONAL   AND    AMATEUR. 


1009 


For  the  attainment  by  the   Booth  Society  of  its  prestige  as  an  amateur  dramatic  society,  credit  is  due 

to   no  man   more  than   to  Frederick    E.  Teves.     That    this    has    been   recognized  by  his   colleagues  is 

evidenced  by  tlie  fact  that  they  twice  unanimously  elected  him  president,  and  would  have  chosen  him  for 

a  third  term  had  he  not   positively  declined  the   honor.     He  gave  to  the 

task    of    developing  the  society  the    same  studious    care    and    persistent 

energy  which   in   commercial  fields    have   made   him  a  striking   e.xample 

of    earned    success.     He    holds  positions    of    trust   in    various    financial. 

Masonic  and  fraternal  organizations  in  the  city,  and  is  the  president  of  the 

F.  E.  Teves  Coal  Company.     He  was  born  at  the  corner  of  South  First 

street  and  Driggs  avenue,  in  Brooklyn,  on  May  6,  1853,  and  is  a  son  of  the 

late  Christian  A.  Teves,  who  conducted  a  grocery  business  on  that  corner 

for  over  twenty-five  years.     After  he  was  graduated  from  public  school  No. 

16,  he  received  a  diploma  from  the  Brooklyn  Business  College.     His  first 

employment  was  as   a  clerk  in  the   wholesale    dry-goods  house   of  J.  M. 

Wentz  &  Co.,  New  York.     Then  his   father  aided   him  to  begin  the  coal 

business,  and  he  purchased  yards  at  North  Third  and  Berry  streets,  where 

his  business  so  increased  that  inside  of  four  years  he  bought  larger  premises 

on  Myrtle  avenue,  extending  from   North  First  to  North  Second  streets. 

In  1892  he  purchased  two  blocks   of  water-front  property  at  the  foot  of 

North  First  street,  running  from  Kent   avenue  to  the  East  river.     Large 

coal  pockets  of  modern  make,  with  a  capacity  of  20,000  tons,  were  erected 

there,  and  now  the   F.  E.  Teves   Coal  Company  is  doing  an   extensive  business.     The  directors  are  F.  E. 

Teves,  T.  P.  Graham,  J.  T.  Pinches,  J.  H.  Teves,  and  A.  L.  Travis.     Its  officers  are  F.  E.  Teves,  president; 

T.  P.  Graham,  vice-president-  A.  L.  Travis,  secretary;  A.  Graham,  Jr.,  treasurer. 


Frederick  E.  Teves. 


OTHER    AMATEUR    DRAMATIC    SOCIETIES. 

In  the  list  of  other  local  amateur  associations  which  from  time  to  time  have  been  organized  for  social 
as  well  as  dramatic  purposes,  the  Davenport  and  Laurence  societies  occupy  a  prominent  place.  The 
Leonardis,  too,  has  achieved  artistic  reputation  in  the  Eastern  District,  and  others  which  have  on  occa- 
sions given  public  performances  are  the  Mansfield,  Montauk,  St.  Peter's  and  Ulk  dramatic  societies. 
The  latest  candidate  for  histrionic  honors,  at  this  writing,  is  the  Aldine  Social  and  Dramatic  Associa- 
tion, which  was  organized  in  December,  1892. 


The  Start,  Atlantic   Yacht  Clui;    Ivccaita,  Jcxc,   1S92. 


SPORTS,  ATHLETICS  AND  PASTIMES. 


games 
games 
sports, 
School 


UR  American  people  of  the  present  age  who  are  cognizant  of  the  great  popularity 
which  outdoor  sports  have  acquired  in  this  country  of  late  years,  have,  as  a  rule, 
very  little  conception  of  the  condition  of  things,  in  regard  to  field  sports,  which 
prevailed  in  the  United  States  half  a  century  ago.  A  very  different  view  of  the 
question  of  recreative  exercise  is  now  taken  by  the  American  public  from  that 
which  obtained  at  the  earlier  period  of  local  history.  For  one  thing,  the  spirit 
of  the  present  age  favors  the  plan  of  a  judicious  combination  of  physical  exer- 
cise with  mental  culture;  whereas  that  of  the  past  age  favored  a  system  the  ex- 
act contrary  of  this  in  the  bringing  up  of  the  youth  of  the  period.  In  order 
to  contrast  the  existing  condition  of  things  in  the  arena  of  sports  with  that 
of  the  past,  I  will  briefly  catalogue  the  prominent  field  sports  of  to-day,  which 
include  first,  our  great  national  game  of  baseball  ;  and  secondly  the  Canadian 
game  of  lacrosse,  both  indigenous  to  America;  together  with  the  imported 
of  English  cricket,  football,  croquet  and  tennis;  in  addition  to  these  are  bicycling  and  the  many 
and  exercises  which  come  under  the  head  of  sports  and  pastimes.  Of  these  now  very  popular 
all  except  one  were  practically  unknown  to  Brooklynites  fifty  years  ago,  and  that  one  was  cricket, 
•boys  played  a  sort  of  game  of  ball  they  called  "one  old  cat"  and  "fungoes,"  a  kind  of  apology  for 


SPORTS,    ATHLETICS   AND    PASTIMES.  loii 

the  base-ball  of  to-day;  and  now  and  then  a  few  English  residents  would  kick  a  game  of  football  in  the  fall 
months;  but  few  Americans  cared  for  these  sports;  and  as  for  lacrosse,  tennis,  croquet,  polo  and  bicycling, 
they  were  all  unknown  in  the  thirties  of  the  present  century,  especially  in  Brooklyn.  In  the  forties, 
athletic  games  began  to  appear  among  the  resident  Scotchmen  under  the  auspices  of  the  Caledonian 
Club  of  New  York;  and  when  our  German  population  increased,  the  Turners  engaged  in  such  games  in 
their  "  Turn-Hallen."  The  first  cricket  match  I  ever  saw  in  Brooklyn  was  that  played  in  the  fall  of  1838. 
It  was  between  two  picked  elevens  of  English  resident  cricketers  of  New  York  and  Brooklyn,  representing 
Nottingham  and  Sheffield,  two  of  the  leading  cricketing  counties  of  England.  It  was  played  in  the  vacant 
lots  near  to  what  is  now  a  square  of  houses  bounded  by  Hoyt,  Wyckoff,  Bergen  and  Smith  streets.  This 
contest  was  the  first  regular  cricket  match,  I  believo,  ever  played  on  Long  Island.  Twenty  years  afterwards, 
when  baseball  was  m  its  infancy,  over  a  dozen  cricket  clubs  flourished  in  Brooklyn  and  vicinity,  the  list  in- 
cluding the  Long  Island— in  which  I  played  my  first  cricket  match  in  1856— the  Brooklyn,  the  Kings 
County,  the  Satellite,  the  Flatbush,  the  East  New  York,  the  Newtown,  the  Willow  and  others;  the  two  lead- 
mg  clubs  of  New  York  at  that  time  were  the  St.  George  and  the  New  York.  In  the  fifties  the  game  of 
baseball  began  to  be  popular  in  Brooklyn,  having  been  imported  from  the  classic  Elysian  Fields  of  Hobo- 
ken,  and  clubs  were  organized  to  follow  the  lead  of  the  old  Knickerbocker  Club  of  New  York,  which  was 
first  organized  in  1845.  When,  in  1857,  the  first  National  Association  of  baseball  players  came  mto  exist- 
ence, it  had  among  its  members  the  old  Atlantic,  Eckford,  Putnam,  Excelsior,  and  Continental  clubs  of 
Brooklyn,  as  well  as  the  Knickerbocker,  Gotham,  Eagle  and  Empire  clubs  of  New  York.  The  Atlantics 
then  played  on  a  vacant  lot  adjoining  the  old  Long  Island  Cricket  Club's  field  at  Bedford.  Afterwards 
they  had  their  grounds  on  a  vacant  lot  on  Putnam  avenue  near  Wild's  tavern — what  is  now  Tompkins  ave- 
nue. Their  last  move  was  to  the  enclosed  Capitoline  grounds  in  1863,  the  field  being  bounded  by  Halsey 
street  and  iVIarcy,  Putnam  and  Nostrand  avenues,  Jefferson  street  which  was  not  then  graded  running  right 
through  the  grounds.  The  Excelsiors  played  on  the  vacant  lot  bounded  by  Smith  street,  Carroll  Park, 
Hoyt  and  President  streets.  Afterwards  they  moved  to  grounds  at  the  foot  of  Court  street  and  remained 
there  until  they,  too,  in  the  sixties  finally  ended  their  career  as  a  ball  club  at  the  Capitoline  grounds.  The 
Eckfords  played  on  the  old  Manor  House  ball  field  in  East  Williamsburgh  until  they  moved  to  the  old 
Union  Hall  grounds  on  which  the  47th  Regiment  Armory  now  stands.  The  Putnams  played  on  a  ground 
away  out  on  Putnam  avenue,  near  its  junction  with  Broadway,  and  the  Continentals  played  on  the  high 
ground  known  as  "  Wheat  Hill,"  located  between  what  is  now  Bedford  and  Lee  avenues  and  Rush  street. 
All  these  clubs  in  the  fifties  played  for  the  fun  and  exercise  there  was  in  the  game.  Professionalism  in  base- 
ball was  then  unknown;  in  fact,  it  was  prohibited  by  the  rules  of  the  then  existing  National  Baseball  Asso- 
ciation. At  that  time  the  crudest  of  rules  governed  the  game.  There  was  no  science  shown  in  it, 
and  but  little  skill  was  required  to  play  it;  but  it  was  grand  exercise  and  there  was  plenty  of  exciting  fun  in  it. 
Catching  the  ball  on  the  bound  was  fair;  no  strikes  or  balls  were  called;  the  ball  used  was  made  of  yarn, 
wound  round  with  two  and  a  half  ounces  of  rubber;  it  weighed  six  ounces  and  was  ten  inches  in  cir- 
cumference. The  pitcher  tossed  it  into  the  bat  from  his  position  behind  a  four-yard  line,  no  throwing  of 
the  ball  by  the  pitcher  being  allowed.  Pitchers  would  frequently  have  to  pitch  forty  or  fifty  balls  to  the 
bat  before  the  batsman  got  a  ball  to  suit  him.  No  bases  were  touched  in  running  round  except  the  first 
base,  and  it  was  rare  to  find  the  same  nine  in  any  two  successive  games,  positions  being  changed  in  the  field 
at  nearly  every  inning.  Professionalism  in  baseball  began  in  1868,  when  the  Cincinnati  Red  Stockings 
were  organized  as  a  salaried  team.  Before  this,  however,  semi-professionalism  prevailed  to  quite  an  extent, 
the  clubs  in  the  early  sixties  sharing  the  ten-cent  gate  money  with  the  proprietors  of  the  old  Union  and 
Capitoline  grounds,  the  price  of  admission  afterwards  being  made  twenty-five  cents,  and  finally,  under  the 
rule  of  the  National  League,  fifty  cents.  Long  before  that,  the  old  and  strictly  amateur  clubs  had  mostly 
retired  from  the  arena;  the  Knickerbockers,  Eagles,  Excelsiors,  and  Putnams  going  out  of  the  game  when 
the  professional  National  Association  took  the  place  of  the  old  National  Association  in  1871.  One  of  the 
sporting  remembrances  of  my  school-boy  days  when  I  resided  on  the  Brooklyn  Heights  in  1S38,  was  that  of 
watching  the  members  of  the  Osceola  Rowing  Club  of  Brooklyn  go  out  on  the  river  from  their  boat-house 
on  the  beach  at  the  foot  of  Joralemon  lane  (now  street)  in  their  four-oared  barge.  There  were  no  docks  on 
the  shore  at  that  time  south  of  Pineapple  street,  or  north  of  the  South  Ferry  docks.  There  were  several 
rowing  clubs  in  New  York,  and  the  one  above  named  in  Brooklyn.  At  that  period,  I  remember,  there 
was  an  old  tavern  on  the  shore  near  Joralemon  lane,  at  which  Scotchmen  employed  on  the  docks 
played  shuffle-board,  an  old  Scotch  game  similar  in  its  theory  to  the  Scotch  winter  sport  of  curling.  Among 
the  old  time  sports  in  Brooklyn  during  the  forties  was  bowling.  This  old  English  pastime  had  been  a  fa- 
vorite game  with  New  Yorkers  for  years  under  the  old  rules  governing  the  English  game  of  "  skittles,"  and 
atone  time  the  church  people  combined  to  do  away  with  it,  and  the  "  game  of  nine-pins,"  as  "skittles" 
was  then  called,  was  prohibited  by  law.  Then  the  law  was  evaded  by  changing  the  number  of  pins  and  ar- 
ranging them  in  the  form  of  a  triangle,  instead  of  that  of  a  diamond,  as  was  the  form  of  the  old  game,  the 


jj,j2  THE    EAGLE  AND    BROOKLYN. 

new  game  being  called  "  ten-pins."  For  years  afterwards  this  game  was  quite  a  favorite  sport  in  Brooklyn, 
but  filially  it  fell  off  in  popularity  and  it  was  not  until  our  German  residents  revived  it  in  the  eighties  that 
it  again  came  into  vogue.  Quoiting  was  a  favorite  sport  in  Brooklyn  thirty  odd  years  ago.  In  the  early 
days  small  quoits  were  used,  but  Tom  Dodworth  imported  some  large  quoits  for  New  York  and  afterwards 
William  Labon  adopted  them  and  became  one  of  the  local  champion  quoit  players  of  the  early  days.  The 
later  sports  such  as  lacrosse,  croquet,  lawn  tennis,  archery,  bicycling,  roller  skating,  etc.,  did  not  become 
popular  in  this  city  until  the  seventies.  Lacrosse  was  first  played  here  by  Canadian  Lidians  at  the  Capi- 
toline  ground  in  the  seventies;  and  when  Prospect  Park  was  laid  out  and  finished,  facilities  were  afforded 
for  the  playing  of  all  the  sports  of  the  period.  It  was  on  the  park  lawns  that  croquet  was  first  played  in 
this  city,  and  later  on,  tennis  followed  the  flirt's  game  of  croquet.  There  was  a  short  furore  for  archery  in 
the  early  eighties,  and  a  grand  tournament  was  held  at  Prospect  Park.  About  that  time  the  Belmonts 
introduced  polo  at  the  Prospect  Park  Parade  Ground,  but  it  was  simply  an  exhibition  affair  and  did  not 
last  long,  the  great  expense  attendant  upon  it,  in  the  way  of  ponies  trained  for  the  game,  being  a  barrier  to 
its  success.  Roller  skating  came  into  favor  late  in  the  seventies,  that  following  the  velocipede  furore  of  a 
short  time  before.  The  former  was  succeeded  by  bicycling  some  years  after.  All  were  short-lived  except 
lacrosse,  tennis  and  bicycling.  Football  began  to  be  popular  in  the  eighties,  though  it  was  of  course  played 
in  the  colleges  years  before.  But  it  was  not  until  the  enclosed  ball  fields  provided  opportunities  for  gate 
receipts  in  connection  with  the  game  that  it  secured  a  firm  foothold  in  this  city.  One  of  the  greatest  _ 
incentives  to  the  growth  of  field  games  in  Brooklyn  was  the  construction  of  Prospect  Park,  with  its  great 
common  and  its  forty-acre  parade  ground.  \_Henry  Chadwick.^ 

WHEEL  AND  SADDLE. 

In  the  local  world  of  athletics  and  sports,  the  present  makes  a  brilliant  contrast  with  the  past. 
Sports  and  pastimes  are  engrossing  public  attention  more  than  ever  before,  and  Brooklyn  is  well  known  the 
world  over  through  the  contestants  who  both  at  home  and  abroad  have  won  laurels  in  various  competitions. 
The  Brooklynites  who  have  made  athletic  championship  records  probably  number  more  than  any  other  city 
can  lay  claim  to.  Perhaps  the  sport  for  which  Brooklyn  is  most  famed  is  horse  racing.  "With  three  race- 
courses, all  easy  of  access  from  the  city,  where  there  is  racing  almost  without  interruption  during  the 
spring,  summer  and  fall  seasons,  and  where  the  grounds,  grand  stands,  restaurant  accommodations,  etc., 
are  all  excellent,  Brooklyn  commands  a  leading  place  among  the  cities  which  cater  to  the  lovers  of  this 
sport.  Here  occur  the  Brooklyn  Handicap,  run  at  Gravesend,  the  Futurity  and  the  great  Suburban,  run 
at  Sheepshead  Bay;  all  of  which  are  decided  annually  before  gatherings  numbering  from  25,000  to 
50,000  people.  The  great  victories  of  Luke  Blackburn,  Miss  AVoodford,  Tenny,  Salvator,  Banquet,  Race- 
land,  and  other  horses  of  almost  equal  celebrity,  are  all  prominent  events  in  the  history  of  the  local  turf. 

Of  the  three  noted  jockey  clubs  whose  tracks  are  just  outside  of  Brooklyn's  gates  the  Brighton  Beach 
Racing  Association  is  the  pioneer.  It  was  founded  by  the  late  William  A.  Engeman,  and  opened  to  the 
public  June  28,  1879.     During  1892  the  total  gate  receipts  were  $54,322.25,  and  the  state  received  $2,716.11. 

Probably  no  race-course  in  the  United  States  is  more  picturesquely  situated  than  the  Coney  Island 
JocKEV  Club  grounds  at  Sheepshead  Bay.  With  its  immense  grand  stand,  large  betting  ring  and  splendidly 
equipped  club-house,  paddock,  and  stabling  accommodations,  it  is  certainly  one  of  the  finest  enclosures 
devoted  to  the  sport.  The  club  was  founded  in  1879,  and  in  1880  the  course  was  built.  The  latter  is  a  mile 
and  a  furlong,  with  a  mile  track  on  the  turf  inside  the  regular  course,  and  a  three-quarters  of  a  mile  straight- 
a-way  track.  The  club  ofters  the  largest  purse  of  any  club  in  America  for  the  great  Futurity  race;  it  is 
valued  to  the  winner  at  about  $40,000  and  is  competed  for  over  the  celebrated  Futurity  course,  the  distance 
being  three-quarters  of  a  mile.  This  race  is  the  crucial  test  race  for  the  best  two-year-old  thoroughbreds  in 
training.  The  Suburban  race,  the  American  Derby,  is  run  under  the  auspices  of  this  club.  The  total  amount 
contested  for  during  the  year  1892  was  $475,000.  The  total  gate  receipts  of  the  year  amounted  to  $129,482, 
and  the  ta.x  on  the  gate  receipts  under  the  Ives  pool  law,  which  was  paid  to  the  state,  was  $6,474.10. 

It  is  on  the  track  of  the  Brooklyn  Jockey  Club  that  the  famed  Brooklyn  Handicap  is  run.  This  club 
was  incorporated  in  the  spring  of  1886  with  a  capital  stock  of  $500,000.  Its  grounds  are  in  the  township  of 
Gravesend  and  cost  over  $400,000.  The  course  is  one  mile  in  circumference,  being  ninety  feet  wide  in  the 
stretches  and  one  hundred  and  twenty  feet  wide  at  the  turns.  The  grand  stand  is  capable  of  accommodating 
8,000  persons.     The  total  gate  receipts  during  1892  were  $97,208.50,  and  $4,860.43  was  paid  to  the  state. 

THE    riding    and    DRIVING    CLUB    OF    BROOKLYN. 

Few  sports  or  associations  for  the  promotion  of  sports  have  escaped  the  alloy  of  professionalism 
within  the  last  few  years.     In  many  of  the  athletic  clubs,  the  amateur,  exercising  for  health  and  pleasure, 


SPORTS,    ATHLETICS   AND    PASTIMES.  1013 

has  been  supplanted  by  the  professional,  through  whose  victories  the  club  gains  glorv-and  an  increased 
membership.  Of  the  amateur  associations  for  open  air  sports  that  have  resisted  this' invasion,  the  ridin<r 
and  driving  clubs  stand  pre-eminent.  Such  institutions  are  of  a  character  naturally  appealing  directly  to 
persons  of  leisure  and  affluence,  and  are  of  comparatively  modern  development  in  America.  Through  the 
efforts  of  a  few  men,  all  of  them  enthusiastic  riders,  the  Riding  and  Driving  Club  of  Brooklyn  was 
organized  in  the  spring  of  1889.  There  were  some  thirty  men  of  position  and  wealth  interested  in  the  pro- 
ject at  the  beginning,  the  limit  of  membership  being  placed  at  two  hundred,  which  was  subsequently 
extended  to  four  hundred,  and  the  admission  fee  at  $100.  The  permanent  organization  of  the  club  was 
effected  on  June  19,  1889.  The  stated  object  of  the  club  is  the  cultivation  of  social  relations  among  its 
members  and  the  development  of  athletic  sports,  including  riding  and  driving.     Steps  were  at  once  taken 


The  Riding  and  Driving  Club  Riding  Arena. 

towards  securing  a  permanent  home,  by  the  purchase  of  a  piece  of  ground  on  the  west  side  of  Vanderbilt 
avenue,  between  the  Plaza  and  Butler  streets.  In  January,  1890,  work  was  begun  on  the  building,  which  was 
completed  a  little  more  than  a  year  later.  The  club  took  possession  of  its  quarters  in  October,  1891.  The 
club-house  is  opposite  the  entrance  to  Prospect  Park  and  is  entirely  removed  from  all  steam  railroads.  The 
building  is  designed  after  the  style  of  the  Roman  Circus.  The  facade  on  Vanderbilt  avenue  is  three  stories 
high.  The  entrance  is  formed  by  a  triple  arch  springing  from  the  two  rectangular  towers  that  form  the 
corners  of  the  building.  These  towers  are  a  story  higher  than  the  main  front  of  the  building  and  their 
upper  portion  is  open,  the  roof  being  supported  by  Corinthian  pillars.  A  group  of  prancing  horses, 
in  phosphor  bronze,  is  to  be  placed  above  the  entrance.  The  material  of  the  entire  edifice  is  rainwashed 
brick  with  terra  cotta  trimmings.  The  riding  arena  is  90  x  180  feet  in  size,  extending  along  the  plaza. 
The  roof  is  high,  being  somewhat  above  the  second  floor  of  the  club-house  proper.  The  stable  is  in 
the  extreme  rear,  occupying  a  tower  somewhat  similar  to  those  supporting  the  front.  The  stalls,  which 
are  on  the  first  and  second  floors,  are  of  the  latest  pattern  and  capable  of  accommodating  two  hundred 
horses.  The  entire  club  is  under  the  management  of  Elliot  T.  Lane.  C.  F.  Mueller  is  the  riding-master, 
assisted  by  Miss  Katie  Forbes  as  riding-mistress.  The  officers  of  the  club  for  1S93  are  :  John  S.  James, 
president;  William  N.  Dykman,  vice-president;  Alexander  Barrie,  secretary;  George  H.  Prentiss,  treasurer. 
The  privileges  of  the  club  are  restricted  to  members,  their  wives,  sisters,  unmarried  daughters  and  minor 
sons.     Women  are  eligible  to  membership  where  there  is  no  male  representative  of  the  family. 

John  S.  James,  president  of  the  club,  is  a  typical  southern  gentleman  of  the  new  school.  He  was 
born  near  Atlanta,  Ga.,  in  1850,  being  the  son  of  the  late  Dr.  M.  S.  James,  of  Columbus,  (ia.,  who  came 
north  in   1865  and  practised  in  New  York  until  1868,   when  he  moved  to  Brooklyn.     Mr.   James  was  edu- 


John  S.  James. 
cated  at  private  schools  of  his  native  city.  In  1867  he  entered  the  banking  office  of  E.  G.  Field,  whose 
partner  he  eventually  became.  On  the  retirement  of  Mr.  Field,  in  1881,  Mr.  James  formed  the  firm  of 
John  S.  James  &  Co.  For  six  years  he  served  as  a  member  of  the  governing  committee  of  the  New  York 
Stock  Exchange.  He  takes  a  deep  interest  in  art  matters  and  is  a  persistent  collector  of  paintings.  His 
private  collection  shows  him  to  be  a  competent  critic  and  a  discriminating  buyer,  as  well  as  an  enthusiastic 
lover  of  pictures.  He  is  president  of  the  Rembrandt  Club,  of  which  he  has  been  a  member  since  1883.  He 
is  vice-president  of  the  Brooklyn  Art  Association,  a  trustee  of  the  new  Museum  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  a 
trustee  of  the  Homceopathic  Hospital,  and  of  the  Brooklyn  Bridge;  treasurer  of  the  Apollo  Club,  a  director 
of  the  Pliilharmonic  Society,  a  member  of  the  Hamilton,  Crescent  Athletic  and  Montauk  clubs,  and  of  the 
Southern  Society  of  New  York.  He  is  Democratic  in  politics,  but  has  little  inclination  for  official  respon- 
sibility, his  tastes  being  more  in  the  direction  of  driving,  art,  and  social  enjoyments. 

Thomas  E.  Stili.man  is  the  eldest  son  of  Alfred  Stillman,  and  was  born  in  March,  1838,  in  the  city  of 
New  York.  In  1859  he  was  graduated  from  Madison  University  at  Hamilton,  New  York.  He  studied  law 
in  the  office  of  Judge  Mason,  and  upon  being  admitted  to  the  bar  began  practising  his  profession  in  Ham- 
ilton. In  May,  1862,  he  opened  an  office  in  New  Ycrk,  and  afterwards  accepted  a  position  in  the  office  of 
Barney,  Butler  &  Parsons;  in  1864  he  became  a  partner  in  the  firm.  In  187 1,  with  Thomas  H.  Hubbard 
and  William  Allen  Butler,  he  formed  the  law  firm  of  Butler,  Stillman  &  Hubbard.  He  is  prominent  in 
many  charitable  enterprises;  is  president  of  the  Brooklyn  Art  Association,  chairman  of  the  Long  Island 
Historical  Society's  executive  committee,  and  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Brooklyn  Library, 
and  is  also  prominently  connected  with  several  social  organizations.  He  is  an  ex-president  of  the  Riding 
and  Driving  Club. 

That  Brooklyn  is  respected  as  a  residential  city  is  due  in  a  great  measure  to  the  efforts  of  those  mer- 
chants of  New  York  who  have  their  homes  and  social  interests  here.  Among  these  is  Alexander  Bar- 
RiE,  of  116  Montague  street,  and  44  Stone  street.  New  York.  He  was  born  in  1849,  ^^  Glasgow,  Scotland, 
where  his  father  was  a  prominent  dealer  in  ship-builders'  supplies.  The  early  years  of  his  life  were  spent 
at  the  educational  institutions  of  his  native  town  and  in  acquiring  an  insight  into  commercial  methods  in 
his  fathers'  counting-room.  In  1868  he  came  to  the  United  States  on  a  visit.  Owing  to  the  sudden 
announcement  of  his  father's  death,  he   found  himself  obliged  to  abandon   his  plans  of  travel  and  trust  to 


^^^^^^^^-^i^a^T^c^'^     Xisvix'z^'^^ 


his  own  resources.  He  determined  to  remain  in  America  and  entered  the  export  drug  house  of  Barclay  & 
Co.,  of  New  York,  in  which  he  has  since  become  a  partner.  At  the  same  time  he  became  a  resident  of 
Brooklyn,  where  the  display  of  his  energetic  and  affable  disposition  soon  won  for  him  a  place  among  the 
city's  honored  citizens.  He  is,  perhaps,  best  known  to  Brooklynites  as  a  lover  of  pictures  and  expert  art 
critic.  His  private  collection  is  equalled  by  few  others.  He  is  an  active  and  enthusiastic  member  of 
the  St.  Andrew's  Society  of  the  state  of  New  York.  In  the  affairs  of  the  Hamilton  Club  he  also  man- 
ifests considerable  interest.  Love  for  the  open  air  and  the  sports  of  the  field  leads  him  to  take  an 
active  part  in  the  affairs  of  the  Riding  and  Driving  Club,  and  also  in  the  Crescent  Athletic  Club.  He  is 
considered  one  of  the  best  horsemen  in  the  former  club  and  in  the  latter  organization  is  one  of  the  board 
of  governors. 

John  Spencer  Turner  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  March  3,  1830;  when  old  enough  he  apprenticed 
himself  to  the  trade  of  sailmaking  and  rigging,  and  twelve  years  later  was  admitted  to  the  firm  of  Gilbert, 
Hubbard  &  Co.  In  1867  he  moved  to  New  York  and  connected  himself  with  the  commission  firm  of 
Theodore  Polhemus  &  Co.  After  many  changes  in  the  firm  he  took  control  of  the  business,  which  he  still 
retains.  He  is  married  and  resides  at  57  Remsen  street.  He  is  vice-president  of  the  Hamilton  Club  and  a 
member  of  the  Crescent  Athletic,  Brooklyn,  and  Brooklyn  Chess  clubs,  and  the  Merchants'  and  Union  League 
clubs  of  New  York.  He  is  a  life  member  of  the  Brooklyn  Library  Association.  He  is  a  32°  Mason,  and  is 
president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Strong  place  Baptist  Church.  In  politics  he  has  always  been  a 
staunch  Republican. 

Six  years  have  passed  since  the  death  of  William  Beard;  his  name  and  labors  are  not  and  will  not  be 
forgotten.  It  was  he  who  founded  the  Erie  Basin,  which  has  added  a  lasting  value  to  the  commerce  of  the 
port  of  New  York.  It  was  not  possible  for  him,  during  his  short  life,  to  obtain  from  his  investment  that 
return  which  he  deserved;  but,  while  the  port  of  New  York  exists,  his  name  and  labors  will  be  remembered 
by  the  generations  who  will  reap  the  reward  of  his  energy  and  skill.  When  William  Beard  finished  that 
effort  of  his  life,  he  turned  over  the  management  of  the  vast  business  he  had  created  to  his  sons.  Fran- 
cis D.  Beard  now  fills  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  his  father,  and  he  is  manager  of  the  estate  of 
William  Beard,  doing  a  general  merchandise  storage  business  and  owning  the  Amity  street  stores  and  the 
Erie  Basin  stores  and  wharves.     He  was  born  in  this  city,  at  140  Amity  street,  on  March  5,  1866.     He  was 


Francis  D.  Beard. 

entered  as  a  pupil  at  the  Juvenile  High  School,  but  several  years  later  he  entered  the  Polytechnic  Institute, 
and  was  graduated  from  there  in  1882.  In  the  same  year  he  became  a  clerk  in  his  father's  office  in  New 
York.  Owing  to  his  extensive  interests,  Mr.  Beard  has  an  important  standing  in  maritime  and  mercantile 
commerce.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Maritime  and  the  Produce  exchanges  for  about  eight  years. 
In  Brooklyn  he  is  a  prominent  society  man  and  takes  a  great  interest  in  riding  and  driving;  he  is  one  of  the 
very  few  men  in  the  city  who  drive  a  four-in-hand.  Besides  the  Riding  and  Driving  Club,  he  is  a  member 
of  the  Oxford  and  the  Crescent  Athletic  clubs,  of  Brooklyn;  and  the  Manhattan  Athletic,  New  York  Tan- 
dem, and  the  Manhattan  clubs  of  New  York.  He  resides  in  the  family  home  on  Amity  street,  and  is 
unmarried.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  National  Guard  of  this  state  for  ten  years  and  is  a  major  and 
ordnance  officer  on   General  McLeer's  staff. 

Anthony  Graef  has  been  a  resident  of  this  city  more  than  forty  years  and  is  an  esteemed  member  of 
the  club.  He  was  born  in  Aix-la-Chapelle,  Germany,  on  June  13,  1836.  When  a  young  man  he  left  his 
native  land,  came  to  New  York  and  procured  employment  in  the  jewelry  house  of  Palmer  &  Newcomb, 
where  he  remained  fourteen  years.  In  1872  he  came  to  Brooklyn  and  was  employed  until  1882  in  the  wine 
house  of  H.  A.  Graef.  He  then  returned  to  New  York  and  formed  a  copartnership  with  his  brother 
Charles,  under  the  firm  name  of  Charles  Graef  &  Co.,  and  engaged  in  wine  importing.  When  not  enjoying 
the  pleasures  offered  at  the  Riding  and  Driving  Club,  he  divides  his  leisure  time  between  the  Montauk  and 
(rermania  clubs,  of  which  he  is  a  member.  He  is  an  admirer  of  all  forms  of  art,  and  is  exceptionally 
well-informed  on  general  topics.  In  politics  he  is  a  Republican.  He  is  married  and  resides  at  116  Eighth 
avenue. 

One  of  the  best-known  drivers  and  cross-country  riders  in  the  Riding  and  Driving  Club  is  William 
H.  Force,  senior  member  of  the  firm  of  William  H.  Force  &  Co.  He  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  on  May  11, 
1S52,  and  is  the  son  of  the  late  William  Force,  of  the  manufacturing  firm  of  Ingersoll,  Watson  &  Co.  He 
attended  the  public  schools  for  a  time  and  finished  his  education  at  the  Dutchess  Academy,  Poughkeepsie, 
New  York.  After  leaving  the  academy,  he  was  employed  by  his  father  until  the  latter  died,  when  he 
entered  the  employ  of  the  grocery  firm  of  Philip  Dater  &  Co.  His  next  venture  was  in  the  shipping  and 
commission  business,  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Glover,  F'orce  &  Co.  This  partnership  existed  eight 
years,  when  the  firm  name  was  changed  to  William  H.  Force  &:  Co.,  and  later  to  Waterbury  &  Force.  -Upon 
the  death  of  Leander  Waterbury,  in  1892,  the  firm  name  was   again  changed   to  William  H.  Force  &  Co., 


SPORTS,    ATHLETICS    AND    PASTIMES. 


William  H.   Force. 


and  under  that  name  business  is  now  carried  on  in  New 

York.     Mr.  Force  is   interested  to  a  great  extent  in 

stock   raising;   he   is  vice-president  and  manager   of 

the  Royal  Horse  Association,  a  company  composed  of 

Brooklyn,  New  York  and   Pittsburgh   capitalists  who 

have  invested  $1,500,000  in  land,  buildings  and  stock, 

near   Cheyenne,    Wyoming.      The   association   has  a 

breeding   ranch  of  120,000  acres,   surrounded    by    a 

fence  over  two  hundred  miles  long.     The  association 

has  stables  in  Brooklyn.     In  January,  1889,  Mr.  Force 

married  Miss  Kate  Talmage,  daughter  of  T.  V.  P.  Tal- 

mage  and  a  grand-daughter  of  ex-Mayor   Talmage. 

They  have  two  daughters  and  reside  at  145  Remsen 

street.      Mr.  Force   is  a  member  of  the   Riding  and 

Driving,  Hamilton,    Orescent,  Brooklyn,  and  Robins 

Island  clubs;  the  Cheyenne  Club,  of  Wyoming;  and 

the  Down  Town  Club,  of  New  York.     He  worships 

at  Grace  Church.     He  is  a  lover  of  music,  an  admirer 

of  art  and  owns  some  of  the  handsomest  ecjuipages 

in  the  city. 

The  famous  city  of  Belfort,   in  Alsace,   was  the 

birthplace   of  Joseph  Fahvs;   his  father  was  a  con- 
tractor and  Joseph   was  born  on  May   28,  1832;  his 

father  and  brother  died    when    he  was  young.      In 

company  with  his  mother,  he  sailed   for   America   in 

March,  1848,  and  landed  in   New  York.     He  finally 

apprenticed   himself  to  Ulysses  Savoye,  of  West  Hoboken,   N.   J.,  one  of  the    two  first  makers  of  watch 

cases  in  the  United  States.     He  remained  in  Mr.   Savoye's  employ   five  years,  and  soon  after  attaining  his 

majority,  began  what  eventually  proved  a  highly  successful,  independent  career.     Eventually  he  was  able 

to  purchase  the  business  of  Mr.  Savoye,  his  former  employer.     After  some  vicissitudes,   he   reaped  the 

reward  of  his  early  denials  and  enterprise.     Business  increased,  and  in  1861  he  formed  a  connection  with 

Fortenbach  Brothers,  which  resulted  in  the  building  at  Carlstadt,  N.  J.,  of  the  first  establishment  in  Amer- 
ica which  manufactured  watch  cases  on  an  extensive 
scale.  For  five  years  business  was  pursued  with  profit, 
and,  in  1867,  Mr.  Fahys  located  a  similar  factory  in 
Brooklyn.  In  this  venture  he  was  associated  with 
Wheeler,  Parsons  &:  Hayes,  and  the  joint  enterprise 
was  known  as  the  Brooklyn  Watch  Case  Company. 
"*•-.  When  both   factories  were  well  under  way  Mr.  Fahys 

sold  his  New  York  store  to  Ward  &:  Jennings,  two  of 
his  employees,  and  gave  his  undivided  attention  to 
his  manufacturing  interests.  In  1876  he  bought  the 
share  of  the  Fortenbach  Brothers  and  moved  the 
Carlstadt  plant  to  Sag  Harbor,  L.  I.  In  both  Mr. 
Fayhs'  establishments  there  are  one  thousand  employ- 
ees. He  was  the  first  president  of  the  Watch  Case 
Manufacturers'  Association  and  first  president  of  the 
Jewellers'  Board  of  Trade;  he  is  a  member  of  the 
New  York  Chamber  of  Commerce,  and  is  interested  in 
many  charitable  and  religious  institutions.  Though 
not  actively  engaged  in  business  he  exercises  a  direct- 
ing influence  on  the  great  interests  which  he  estab- 
lished. He  is  a  trustee  of  the  Homoeopathic  Hospital 
and  the  Lafayette  Avenue  Presbyterian  Church;  and 
is  a  member  of  the  Riding  and  Driving,  Hamilton, 
and  LInion  League  clubs.  In  1856,  while  a  resident 
of  West  Hoboken,  he  married  a  lady  who  was  a  native 
mammm,::  of  Sag  Harbor.     Within  a  few  years  they  moved  to 

JosEi'H  Fahvs.  Brooklyn.     His  residence,  at   275  Clinton  avenue,  is 


THE    EAGLE   AND    BROOKLYN. 


one  of  the  handsomest  in  Brooklyn,  its  interior  being 

replete  with  evidences  of  artistic  and  musical  tastes. 

He  lives  in  summer  at  Sag  Harbor. 

Gei)R(;e  P^kn'Kst  F-\hvs,  son  of  Joseph  Fahys,  is 

well  known   in   club  circles,   being   a    member  of  the 

Crescent  Athletic,  the   Hamilton,  and  the  Riding  and 

Driving  clubs  of  Brfioklyn,  and  the  Down  Town  Club 

of  New  York.     He  is  vice-president  of  the  Jewellers' 

?!oard  of   Trade  of    New  York,  and   a   trustee  of  the 

Brooklyn  Homoeopathic   Hospital.     He  is   especially 

fond  of  fine  horses,  and  often  may  be  seen  driving  on 

the  boulevard  or  in  Prospect  Park.     His  musical  and 

artistic  tastes  are  well  cultivated;  he  is  successful  in 

business  and  socially  popular.    Born  in  West  Hoboken, 

N.  J.,  on   November    13,   1864,  he  received  his  early 

education   at   the    I^olytechnic  Institute   of    this  city, 

and  later  entered  the   Columbia   College    School  of 

Mines,  from  which   he  was    graduated   at   the   age   of 

nineteen.      In     18S4    he    accepted    a   position    in    his 

father's  watch  case   factory,  where  he  remained   until 

he  had  mastered    the    business.      For    two    years   he 

represented  the  firm  on  the  road,  but  was  recalled  to 

take  control  of  the  financial   interests  of  the  house.  "^H 

In   October,  1887,  he  was  admitted   to  a  partnership.  ^W 

On   October  30,  1889,  he  married  Miss  Antoinette  G. 

Hodenpyl  of  Brooklyn.     They  have  one  child,  a  son.  George  e.  Fahvs. 

Henry  H.  Bow.man  was  born  at  Paterson,  N.  J.,  on    May  9,    185 1.     His  preliminary  education  was 

obtained   at   Faribault,  Minn,,  and  he  studied   later  at  Packard's   Business  College   in   New  York,  Cornell 

University,  Ithaca;  Lhiiversity  of  the  City  of  New  York,  and  Columbia  College  Law  School.  He  was  graduated 

from  the  law  school  in  1875,  '^nd  in  the  same  year  was  admitted  to  the  bar  by  the  supreme  court  of  New 

^'ork  state;  he  has  also  been  admitted  to  practice  in  the  United  States  courts.     He  is  a  member  of  the  law 

firm  of  Smith,  Bowman  &  Close,  of  New  York.     Mr.  Bowman  has  made  a  specialty  of  trying  causes  before 

juries,  and  in  this,  his  favorite  work,  has  been  singu- 
larly successful.  He  is  a  very  busy  man;  in  addition 
to  his  law  practice  he  manages  the  affairs  of  several 
large  estates  of  which  he  is  executor  and  trustee;  he 
is  president  and  treasurer  of  the  Peter  Adams  Com- 
pany and  the  Adams  &:  Bishop  Company.  These 
companies  annually  manufacture  about  ten  million 
pounds  of  fine  paper.  He  is  also  the  president  and 
treasurer  of  the  Passaic  Quarry  Company,  whose 
quarries  are  located  at  Avondale,  four  miles  above 
Newark,  N.  J,,  from  which  are  produced  the  famous 
Belleville  gray  and  brown  stone,  of  which  the  Stewart 
Memorial  Cathedral  at  Garden  City,  and  many  fine 
buildings  in  New  York,  are  constructed.  He  not  only 
shapes  and  controls  the  policy  of  these  large  enter- 
prises, but  to  a  great  extent  directs  their  operations 
and  attends  to  the  details  of  their  affairs.  He  is 
an  expert  accountant.  In  Au,gust,  1876,  he  mar- 
ried Miss  Ida  L.  Bowman.  They  have  four  sons 
and  one  daughter,  and  own  the  handsome  house  in 
which  they  live,  at  193  Lincoln  place.  Mr.  Bowman  is 
a  member  of  the  Montauk  and  Riding  and  Driving 
clubs.  He  has  a  fine  library  of  valuable  books,  and 
finds  his  chief  pleasure  and  recreation  in  reading;  he 
is  familiar  with  philosophy,  history,  science,  metaphy- 
sics and  poetry,  the  love  of  which,  as  of  music,  is 
almost  a  passion  with  him. 


Hf.n'ky    H,   13owm,sn. 


SPORTS,    ATHT.ETICS   AND    PASTIMES. 


1019 


John   F,  Praeger. 


The  indebtedness  of  Brooklyn  to  Holland  for  some 
of  its  progressive  citizens  is  by  no  means  confined  to 
pre-revolutionary  days;  some  natives  of  the  Nether- 
lands still  take  high  rank  among  our  citizens,  and  of 
this  class  John  F.  Praeger,  of  the  firm  of  Wendell, 
P'ay  &  Company,  of  New  York,  is  a  good  example. 
He  was  born  at  The  Hague  in  1837.  At  the  age  of 
sixteen  he  entered  the  employment  of  his  uncle,  a 
wholesale  linen  merchant  at  Pielfast,  Ireland,  He 
came  to  New  York  in  1856,  and  obtained  a  position  in 
the  counting-room  of  the  dry-goods  commission  house 
of  Lawrence,  Stone  &  Company,  which  subsequently 
underwent  many  partnership  changes,  and  to  which 
Mr.  Praeger  was  admitted  as  a  partner  in  1869.  In 
1878  the  firm  became  Wendell,  Fay  &  Company,  and 
Mr.  Praeger  has  ever  since  controlled  its  finances  as 
he  did  those  of  its  predecessors.  For  several  years 
he  has  made  his  home  in  Brooklyn.  He  is  a  director 
in  the  Hamilton  Club  and  the  Philharmonic  Society, 
a  regent  of  the  Long  Island  College  Hospital,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  New  York  Merchants'  Club,  and  of  the 
Riding  and  Driving  Club,  a  director  of  the  American 
Fire  Insurance  Company  and  of  the  Home  Life  In- 
surance Company.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Chamber  of  Commerce.  He  is  married  and  has 
one  son.  Mrs.  Praeger  is  a  great-granddaughter  of 
Theophylact  Bache,  one  of  the  first  presidents  of  the  New  York  Chamber  of  Commerce.  Mr.  Praeger 
has  literary  tastes,  with  a  strong  leaning  towards  political  economy,  of  which  he  is  a  close  student. 

Augustus  K.  Sloan  was  born  in  Cleveland,  O.,  on  September  3,  1838.  When  he  was  five  years  old 
his  family  moved  to  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  where  he  studied  at  the  public  schools  until  the  age  of  thirteen. 
Then  he  procured  employment  in  a  fancy  goods  store;  he  remained  there  a  year  and  a  half,  and  subse- 
quently spent  a  year  in  a  cigar  factory.     In  July,  1854,  he  came  to  New  York  and  obtained  employment  as 

an  errand-boy.  He  worked  faithfully,  and  the  firm 
showed  their  appreciation  of  his  services  by  promot- 
ing him  to  entry  clerk.  At  the  beginning  of  the  war 
he  enlisted  in  the  9th  Regiment,  N.  Y.  Volunteers. 
Before  the  regiment  was  mustered  into  service,  his  old 
employers  offered  him  the  position  of  bookkeeper,  and 
he  left  his  regiment  to  accept  it.  Soon  after  the 
Federal  forces  took  possession  of  New  Orleans,  his 
employers  selected  him  to  go  there  on  business.  On 
the  voyage  the  steamer  was  wrecked,  and  he  was  com- 
pelled to  remain  on  one  of  the  Bahamas  for  nearly  a 
month.  He  eventually  succeeded  in  reaching  New 
Orleans,  but  immediately  returned  to  New  York,  and 
was  again  given  a  position  with  his  former  employers, 
with  whom  he  remained  until  1867.  He  then  became 
a  partner  in  the  firm  of  Carter,  Howkins  i\:  Dodd,  and 
was  their  travelling  representative  for  a  number  of 
years,  until  recalled  to  take  charge  of  their  New  York 
<iffice.  He  is  married  and  has  a  large  family;  his 
home  is  at  275  Washington  avenue.  He  is  an  admirer 
of  music  and  art.  In  politics  he  is  a  pronounced 
Democrat.  He  is  a  32°  Mason,  is  a  member  of 
Anglo-Saxon  Lodge,  F.  and  A.  M.;  Constellation 
Chapter,  R.  A.  M.;  Clinton  Commandery,  Knights 
Templar;  Kismet  Temple,  Nobles  of  the  Mystic 
Shrine;  and  the  Masonic  Veterans'  Association.  The 
Augustus  K.  Sloan.  clubs  with  which  he  is  connected,  besides  the  Riding 


THE    EAGLE   AND    BROOKLYN. 


and  Driving,  are  tine  Oxford,  Lincoln,  Aurora  Grata 
and  tlie  Long  Island  Country  clubs.  He  is  a  trustee 
of  the  Clinton  Avenue  Congregational  Church  and  of 
the  Homoeopathic  Hospital. 

T.  Henry  Smith  has  become  one  of  the  promi- 
nently prosperous  men  of  Brooklyn.  He  was  born  at 
Little  Falls,  Herkimer  County,  N.  Y.,  on  June  24, 1842. 
His  parents  trace  their  ancestry  back  to  the  early 
days  of  Puritan  colonization.  When  seventeen  years 
old  he  came  to  New  York  and  obtained  employment 
in  the  notion  business.  In  1863  one  of  the  oldest 
established  firms  in  the  trade  made  an  assignment,  and 
Mr.  Smith  purchased  the  business  and  established  a 
partnership  under  the  firm  name  of  Smith  &  Payne. 
In  1870  he  sold  out  his  interest  in  the  business.  While 
engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits,  in  1875,  he  invented, 
under  contract  with  a  Swiss  manufacturing  firm,  a 
machine  that  imprinted  accurate  measurements  upon 
fabrics  at  the  rate  of  one  thousand  yards  per  minute. 
The  invention  was  eminently  successful,  and  in  1880, 
in  conjunction  with  General  Peter  H.  Watson,  assistant 
secretary  of  war  under  President  Lincoln,  and  George 
G.  Williams,  president  of  the  Chemical  National  Bank 
of  New  York,  he  incorporated  the  Fabric  Measuring 
and  Packaging  Company.  To-day  the  company  has 
J.  Henrv  Smith.  a    branch     establishment  in    England    and    receives 

large  royalties  from  many  manufacturing  firms  for  the  use  of  its  machines;  in  connection  with  its  affairs, 
Mr.  Smith  retains  the  office  of  vice-president.  In  1SS7  he  introduced  fast  black  hosiery  to  the  public, 
and  subsequently  established  the  firm  of  Smith  &  Angell;  in  1891  Mr.  Angel!  retired  from  the  business, 
and  it  is  now  conducted  by  Mr.  Smith,  under  the  original  name,  in  New  York.  Mr.  Smith  has  been 
president  of  the  Mutual  Benefit  Association  of  New  York  state.  For  ten  years  he  was  chairman  of 
the  executive  committee  and  president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Mercantile  Benefit  Life  Insurance 
Company;  he  is  a  member  of  the  executive  committee 
of  the  Manufacturers'  and  Importers'  Association  of 
New  York.  In  1865  he  purchased  his  present  dwell- 
ing on  St.  James  place,  and  became  instrumental  in 
organizing  the  Classon  Avenue  Presbyterian  Church. 
He  was  one  of  its  first  trustees  and  served  sixteen 
years  as  secretary  and  president  of  the  board.  He 
has  interested  himself  in  the  Brooklyn  Riding  and 
Driving  Club  to  a  considerable  extent,  and  is  one  of 
its  popular  members. 

Though  a  resident  of  Flatbush,  the  many  social, 
religious  and  business  interests  of  Gustav  A.  Jahn 
connect  him  closely  with  Brooklyn.  He  was  born  in 
Saxony,  Germany,  on  June  26,  1846,  and  coming  with 
his  parents  to  .\merica  when  eleven  years  old,  he  ob- 
tained his  education  in  Brooklyn  at  the  public  schools 
and  various  private  institutions.  He  began  business 
life  on  July  iS,  1S59,  as  an  office  boy  in  the  employ  of 
Fred.  Lyman,  a  rice  dealer  of  New  York;  eventually 
he  was  promoted  to  various  positions  of  trust  and 
responsibility,  and  in  1S65  he  became  a  member  of  tlie 
firm  of  F.  Lyman  &  Co.,  and  established  a  branch 
house  in  New  Orleans,  La,,  where  he  spent  the  winter 
months  until  1876.  He  joined  the  13th  Regiment  on 
June  4,  1863,  and  participated  in  the  active  service 
iif  that  body  during  the  same  year.  He  was  com- 
missary   of     the   regiment   when   it    visited    Montreal  Gustav  a.  Jahn. 


SPORTS,    ATHLETICS    AND    PASTIMES. 


under  the  command  of  Colonel  David  E.  Austen,  and  served  in  different  capacities,  under  Generals 
C.  T.  Christensen  and  James  McLeer,  in  tine  Second  and  'Yh\rd  brigades.  His  merit  was  recognized 
by  an  appointment  to  the  post  of  brigade  inspector.  For  twelve  years  he  has  been  a  deacon  and 
trustee  of  the  German  Evangelical  Church,  on  Schemerhorn  street.  He  is  a  member  of  the  New  York 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  the  New  York  Board  of  Trade  and  Transportation  and  was  on  the  building 
committee  which  erected  in  Brooklyn  the  new  building  of  the  Germania  Savings  Bank,  of  which  he  is  a 
trustee  and  director.  He  is  a  member  of  Kings  County  Lodge,  No.  S  1 1,  F.  and  A.  M.,  Orient  Chapter,  No.  138, 
R.  A.  M.,  Clinton  Commandery  No.  14,  K.  T.,  and  the  various  Ancient  and  Accepted  Scottish  rite  bodies,  con- 
nected with  Aurora  Grata  Cathedral.  In  politics  he  is  an  uncompromising  Republican  and  strong  believer  in 
protection  for  home  industries  and  for  ten  years  has  been  one  of  the  county  town  delegates  to  the  General 
Committee.  In  1888  he  was  a  member  of  the  electoral  college  from  the  second  congressional  district. 
He  is  prominent  in  Grand  Army  circles  and  is  affiliated  with  Lafayette  Post;  he  is  a  member  of  the  Riding 
and  Driving,  Hamilton,  Germania,  and  Knickerbocker  clubs,  vice-president  of  the  Midwood  Club  of 
Flatbush,  president  of  the  Flatbush  Park  Association  and,  until  his  resignation  in  1891,  was  a  member  of 
the  Marine  and  Field  Club.  He  is  a  proprietor  of  the  Atlantic  Rice  Mills  in  Brooklyn,  is  head  of  the  firm 
of  Gustav  A.  Jahn  &  Co.,  of  New  York,  importers  of  and  dealers  in  sugar,  syrups,  molasses  and  rice;  and 
is  president  of  the  Lake  Charles  Rice  and  Milling  Company  of  Louisiana. 

At  the  old  family  homestead  in  Warwick,  R.  I.,  which  has  been  owned  by  the  Remingtons  ever  since 
its  purchase  from  the  Narragansett  Indians,  James  H.  Remington  was  born  on  November  9,  1838.  His 
father,  Benjamin  F.  Remington,  left  his  seat  in  the  Rhode  Island  legislature  to  join  the  forces  raised  to 
crush  Dorr's  rebellion.  He  figured  prominently  as  a 
leader  of  the  Whigs  in  his  state  and  afterwards  became 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  Republican  party.  James 
H.  Remington  prepared  himself  for  college  at  Green- 
wich Academy,  East  Greenwich,  R.  I.,  and  was  grad- 
uated from  Brown  University,  at  the  head  of  the  class 
of  1862.  The  patriotic  excitement  caused  by  the  civil 
war  caused  him  temporarily  to  abandon  his  proposed 
profession,  the  law,  and  go  to  the  front  as  a  captain  in 
the  7th  R.  I.  Volunteers.  He  was  severely  wounded 
on  the  third  day  of  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg, 
December  13,  1862,  and  receiving  a  furlough,  went 
home,  where  he  ultimately  recovered.  In  1863  he  was 
elected  to  the  Rhode  Island  house  of  representatives 
and  took  his  seat  during  the  spring  session  at  New- 
port. Having  recovered  from  his  wound  sufficiently 
to  resume  active  service  in  the  field,  he  resigned  his 
seat  in  the  legislature,  reentered  the  army  and  was 
commissioned  captain  in  the  Y'eteran  Reserve  Corps, 
to  rank  as  such  from  June  27,  1863.  When  the  regi- 
ment was  afterwards  ordered  to  Albany,  he  was  ap- 
pointed judge  advocate  of  a  general  court  martial  and, 
while  so  employed,  continued  the  study  of  law  which 
he  had  begun  at  Elmira.  On  December  30,  1865, 
Major-General  Hooker  appointed  him  judge  advocate 
of  a  court  of  inquiry  at  Rochester,  which  met  to  inves- 
tigate charges  against  Col.  E.  G.  Marshall,  who  was 

.!»•„<-    T  i.     1        Ti.  r  i   ■    1  1  James  H.  Remington. 

ultnnately  exonerated      It  was    a  famous   trial    and  ■" 

Captain  Remington  greatly  distinguished  himself  during  its  conduct.  He  served  afterwards  at  Winchester, 
Wytheville  and  Norfolk,  Va.,  where  he  acted  as  military  commissioner  during  the  days  of  reconstruction  and 
earned  the  respect  of  all  by  his  firm  and  unprejudiced  administration.  After  the  war  he  was  made  a  major 
by  brevet  for  "  gallantry  and  good  conduct."  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Norfolk,  on  December  8,  1868, 
but  continued  in  official  life  for  some  time,  having  been  appointed  to  the  post  of  commonwealth's  attorney 
for  Princess  Anne,  Norfolk,  Southampton,  Nanesmond  and  Isle  of  Wight  counties.  When  Virginia,  under  a 
reconstructed  government,  resumed  her  place  in  the  Union,  he  was  elected  commonwealth's  attorney  for 
Norfolk  County  and  the  city  of  Portsmouth.  He  was  particularly  zealous  in  the  organization  of  the  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic  and  became  the  commander  of  Farragut  Post  at  Portsmouth,  and  judge  advocate  on 
the  staff  of  the  department  commander.  In  December,  1870,  General  John  A,  Logan,  then  commander-in- 
chief  of  the  Grand    Army,  appointed  him   commander  of  the   Department  of  Virginia.     In  April,  1872,  he 


v»/' 


1022 


THE    EAGLE   AND   BROOKLYN. 


came  to  New  York  where  he  rapidly  attained  professional  distinction.  For  some  years  he  was  a  member 
of  the  firm  of  UlniLn  Remington  &  Porter  and,  on  its  dissolution,  formed  his  present  partnership  with 
Sanford  R  Ten  Eyck,  under  the  title  of  Ten  Eyck  &  Remington.  Since  1881  he  has  been  president 
of  the  United  States  Law  Association,  and  among  the  duties  which  his  position  entails,  is  the  preparation 
of  a  yearly  digest  of  the  commercial  and  business  law  of  various  states,  which  has  made  him  a  recognized 
authority  on  those  subjects.  He  was  one  of  the  earliest  members  of  the  New  York  State  Bar  Association. 
He  is  a  member  of  Plymouth  Church  and  was  for  many  years  a  staunch  friend  and  admirer  of  the  late 
Henrv  Ward  Beecher.  He  is  active  in  social  life  and  is  a  member  of  the  Montauk  and  Riding  and  Driving 
club.s'andtheBrooklvn  Listitute  of  Arts  and  Sciences.  Much  of  his  time  has  been  devoted  to  the  col- 
lection of  books  and  pictures.  He  is  a  writer  of  marked  ability  and  has  contributed  extensively  to 
magazines  and  prominent  daily  journals.     He  married,   on   October    14,    1868,    Miss.  Ellen  F.    Howard  of 

Brooklyn. 

R  A.  C.  Smith,  who  is  prominent  among  the  membership  of  the  club,  was  born  in  Dover,  England,  on 
February  22,  1857.  Twelve  years  of  his  early  boyhood  were  spent  in  Spain,  after  which  he  returned  to  his 
native  country  to  study.     In  1870  a  visit  to  America  impressed   him   so   favorably  with  the    advantages  of 

this  country  that  he  made  the  United  States  his  home. 
For  a  number  of  years  he  was  interested  to  a  great 
extent  in  railroad  construction  and  equipment  in 
Cuba,  and  by  many  successful  ventures  in  this  line, 
succeeded  in  accumulating  a  fortune  of  considerable 
magnitude.  He  also  had  control  of  the  gas  and  elec- 
tric lighting  of  Havana,  consolidating  the  various 
companies  in  that  city;  and  he  crowned  his  achieve- 
ments in  the  Cuban  capital  by  undertaking  and  suc- 
cessfully carrying  out  the  contract  to  complete  the 
waterworks,  which  had  baffled  the  skill  of  one  engi- 
neer after  another.  He  is  manager  and  vice-president 
of  the  gas  and  electric  light  companies  of  Havana  and 
Matanzas,  and  is  financially  interested  in  other  busi- 
ness enterprises  in  Cuba.  He  is  connected  in  New 
York  with  the  Spanish-American  Light  and  Power- 
Company.  He  married  Miss  Alice  Williams,  daughter 
of  a  former  sheriff  of  Kings  County.  His  political 
creed  has  prominently  identified  him  with  the  Brook- 
lyn Young  Republican  Club.  He  owns  a  number  of 
valuable  horses,  takes  an  especial  delight  in  driving 
and  riding,  and  is  devoted  to  athletic  sports  fo  an  ex- 
tent that  makes  him  a  valuable  member  of  the 
Crescent  Athletic  Club  ;  he  was  formerly  a  member 
of  the  Nereid  Boat  Club.  He  is  also  a  member  of 
the  Union  League,  Colonial,  Lawyers',  and  New  York 
clubs  in  New  York.  He  consolidated  all  the  gas 
companies  in  Rochester,  and  is  a  director  of  the  Mon- 
tague street  cable  railroad,  Brooklyn,  he  is  also  a  member  of  the  committee  on  gas  at  the  World's  fair. 
Chicago,  and  was  one  of  the  contingent  that  went  to  Washington  in  regard  to  a  site  for  the  World's  fair. 

William  Potts  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  May  5,  1838,  and  educated  at  private  schools  in  Delaware 
County,  Pa.,  and  at  West-Town  in  the  same  state.  After  leaving  school  he  entered  a  real  estate  law  office 
in  Philadelphia,  and  remained  in  that  city  until  1863,  when  he  came  to  Brooklyn  as  manager  of  the  New 
York  branch  of  the  Home  Life  Insurance  Company.  He  resigned  to  become  cashier  with  H.  Meigs,  Jr.  & 
Smith,  but  left  their  employ  in  1869,  and  was  successively  cashier  with  Johnson  &  Day  and  the  World 
Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company,  remaining  with  the  latter  concern  four  years,  until  it  went  out  of  busi- 
ness. He  then  became  connected,  in  the  capacity  of  editor  and  publisher,  with  t\\e.  Inquirer.  Within  a 
year  he  returned  to  the  duties  of  cashier  in  a  private  banking  house  on  Wall  street.  He  was  appointed 
secretary  of  the  New  York  Stock  Exchange's  committees  on  securities  and  stock  list,  resigning  when  the 
responsibilities  of  the  committees  were  transferred  to  the  care  of  the  secretary  of  the  Exchange.  During 
the  next  four  years  he  did  not  actively  participate  in  business  life:  devoting  his  energies  exclusively  to  the 
work  of  the  Civil  Service  Reform  .\ssociation,  and  the  National  Civil  Service  Reform  League,  in  both  of 
which  he  held  the  position  of  secretary  almost  from  the  date  of  organization.  He  accepted,  in  1887,  the 
post  of  chief  examiner  to  the  New  York  Civil  Service  Commission,  which  has  its  headquarters  in  Albany. 


K.   .V.  C.  .SMiiii. 


SPORTS,    ATHLETICS    AND    PASTIMES. 


He  was  removed    from    that    office    when    Governor    Hill    changed    the  commission.     In    1890  he  and    a 
number  of  his  business  associates  organized  the  Continental  Trust  Company,  of  which  he  is  now  secretary. 
His  knowledge  of  financial  matters  has  made  him  an  efficient  vice-pres- 
ident of  the  Bankers'  Loan  and  Investment  Company.     He  is  a  member  " ' 

of  the  Century  Club  of  New  York;  and  the  Brooklyn  Riding  and  Driving, 
Rembrandt,  Hamilton,  and  Marine  and  Field  clubs,  and  of  the  American 
Canoe  Association.  He  is  an  ardent  devotee  of  art,  music,  and  science. 
He  is  treasurer  of  the  Brooklyn  Art  Association,  and  has  been  treasurer 
and  is  now  a  trustee  of  the  Brooklyn  Institute;  he  is  vice-president  of  the 
Brooklyn  Ethical  Association,  president  of  the  Brooklyn  Guild  Asso- 
ciation, an  incorporator  of  the  American  Tonic  Sol-Fa  Association,  College 
of  Music,  and  a  member  of  the  Philadelphia  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences. 

William  T.  Hayward  ranks  among  those  younger  residents  of 
Brooklyn  who  have  been  successful  in  the  business  centres  of  New 
York.  He  was  born  in  the  latter  city,  on  Twentieth  street,  on  November 
4,  1857,  and  was  educated  at  a  Quaker  school.  His  parents  were  both 
natives  of  New  York  and  his  father  was  for  many  years  interested  in 
the  work  of  the  board  of  education  and  served  for  a  time  as  tax  commis- 
sioner. The  son  began  his  active  career  under  William  H.  Wickham, 
ex-mayor  of  New  York,  who  was  engaged  in  matters  relating  to  life 
insurance;  he  remained  in  that  employment  four  years  and  then  resigned  to  become  a  contractor.  For 
five  years  he  was  associated  with  the  firm  of  Hayward  &  Duffy  in  New  York.  On  April  29,  1885,  he 
married  Martha  E.,  daughter  of  Jay  C.  Wemple,  and  when  the  latter  died,  his  son-in-law  succeeded  to 
a  one-third  interest  in  the  firm  of  J.  C.  Wemple  &  Co.,  of  537  Broadway,  New  York,  of  which  he  is 
now  president  and  secretary.  He  votes  the  Democratic  ticket,  but  does  not  take  an  active  part  in  pol- 
itics. He  is  a  member  of  the  Brooklyn,  Germania,  Crescent  Athletic,  and  Riding  and  Driving  clubs  :  he 
lives  in  a  handsome  home  at  198  Washington  Park  and  has  two  children. 

One  of  the  oldest  members  of  the  club  is  James  Hanan.     He  was  born  in  Ireland  on  June  27,  1819,  and 
there  acquired  a  liberal  education.     At  the  age  of  thirty  he  came  to  America.     Having  a  practical  knowledge 


William  T.  Havward. 


Parkway  Driving  Clur— Gravesend  Bay. 

of  the  boot  and  shoe  business  he  established  in  New  York  in  1854  a  factory  for  the  making  of  gentlemen's 
fine  foot  wear.  The  firm  at  that  time,  and  until  1882,  was  known  as  Hanan  &  Reddish,  and  they  carried  on 
an  extensive  and  profitable  trade.     In  1882  Mr.  Reddish  retired  from  the  firm,  and    John  H.,  Mr.  Hanan's 


1024 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 


oldest  son,  was  admitted  to  a  partnership;  the  firm  has  since  been  known  as  Hanan  &:  Son.  Eight  years 
after  settling;  in  New  York,  Mr.  Hanan  chose  Brooklyn  as  his  home  and  now  owns  and  occupies  a  handsome 
residence  at  47  Eighth  avenue.  He  married  Miss  Anna  Dalton,  of  Ireland,  and  has  three  sons  and  one 
daughter  living.  He  is  also  a  trustee  of  the  Kings  County  Savings  Bank  and  the  Eastern  District  Hospital 
and  Dispensary.     He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Montauk  Club. 

THE    PARKWAV    DRIVING    CLUB. 

Located  near  the  shore  of  Gravesend  Bay,  the  home  of  the  Parkway  Driving  Club  occupies  a  site 
which  for  its  purposes  cannot  be  surpassed.  This  organization  is  unique  as  far  as  Brooklyn  is  concerned. 
It  has  revived  the  interest  in  trotting  horses  which  in  late  years  has,  in  this  portion  of  the  United  States 
at  least,  given  way  to  another  form  of  amusement  which  is  scarcely  indigenous  in  its  character,  namely: 
running  races.  With  the  design  of  encouraging  the  speeding  and  development  of  trotting  horses,  and 
pursuing  the  sport  under  circumstances  which  should  obviate  all  objectionable  publicity  and  professional 
tainting,  the  Parkway  Driving  Club  was  organized  early  in  1892,  by  a  party  of  well-known  citizens,  many 
of  them  young  men,  and  all  of  them  persons  of  social  and  monetary  influence  in  the  community.  Incor- 
poration was  secured,  and 'the  Sandford  farm  at  Gravesend  was  purchased  from  James  Burrell.  A  half 
mile  track  was  graded  on  the  most  approved  principles,  and  an  opportunity  afforded  to  the  members  of 
the  club  of  fully  developing  the  capabilities  of  the  light  harness  horse,  and  enjoying  the  social  and  recre- 
ative advantages  attendant  upon  the  exercise  of  such  a  privilege.  Anyone  may  be  enrolled  who  is  of  legal 
age  and  whose  personal  character  is  unmarred  by  any  objectionable  feature.  Every  aijplicant  is  assessed 
$150  as  an  initiation  fee,  and  the  payment  of  this  amount  carries  with  it  a  certificate  of  membership 
entitling  its  possessor  to  a//v  rata  share  of  the  value  of  the  real  estate  and  personal  property  held  in  the 
corporate  name  of  the  club.  The  annual  dues  amount  to  $30.  Three  hundred  is  the  number  to  which  the 
list  of  members  is  limited  and  the  popularity  of  the  club  is  indicated  in  the  fact  that  the  limit  has  been 
reached.  On  October  15,  1892,  the  track  was  formally  opened  by  Mayor  Boody  and  the  first  races  were 
held  there  on  the  same  day,  including  exhibitions  of  both  trotting  and  pacing.  E.  T.  Bedford's  team, 
Chief  and  William  G.,  did  an  exhibition  mile  in  2:27  which  was  the  fastest  trotting  of  the  day.  There  is  an 
entertainment  committee,  consisting  of  five  members,  upon  whom  devolves  the  duty  of  arranging  matine'e 
races.  These  take  place  every  Saturday  from  the  sec- 
ond Saturday  in  May  till  the  last  Saturday  in  June, 
and  from  the  third  Saturday  in  September  until  the 
second  Saturday  in  November.  All  races,  except 
when  members  of  the  club  themselves  handle  the 
reins  and  no  special  agreement  is  entered  into,  are 
governed  by  the  rules  of  the  National  Trotting  Asso- 
ciation, and  in  contests  among  members  road  wagons 
are  the  only  vehicles  permissible.  The  course  is  over 
an  oval  track,  sixty  feet  wide,  with  sides  giving  two 
parallel  stretches,  each  a  furlong  in  length.  The 
club-houses  consist  of  two  commodious  dwellings, 
formerly  occupied  by  Mr.  Burrell,  remodeled  to  suit 
the  needs  of  the  present  owners.  The  grand  stand 
will  seat  15,000  people.  On  all  occasions  the  cour- 
tesies of  the  club-house  are  extended  to  ladies.  The 
officers  of  the  club  are:  Henry  T.  Boody,  president; 
Edward  J.  O'Flyn,  vice-president;  Benjamin  Shreve, 
treasurer;   Yan  Mater  Stillwell,  secretary. 

Henkv  T.  Boodv,  president  of  the  club,  is  the  eld- 
est son  of  Mayor  David  A.  Boody  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Riding  and  Driving  Club,  and  a  promment  man 
in  social  life.  He  was  born  in  this  city  in  April,  1866, 
and  receiving  his  early  education  at  public  school 
No.  9,  passed  thence  to  the  Polytechnic  Institute.  He 
withdrew  from  there  to  obtain  a  business  education, 
and  afterward  was  graduated  from  a  well-known 
business  college.  His  first  position  was  with  the 
shipping  firm  of  A.  Mudgett  &:  Co.,  in  New  York,  where  he  remained  one  year.  He  then  entered  his 
father's  office,  and  in  1887  became  a  member  of  the  banking  and  brokerage  firm  of  Boody,  McLellan  & 
Co.,  of  New  York.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Stock  Exchange,  and  represents  his  firm  on  the  floor.    He  has 


Henry  T.  Boody. 


SPORTS,    ATHLETICS    AND    PASTIMES. 


I02S 


Van  Mathr   Stillwell. 


a  healthy  interest  in  good  horses,  which,  from 
boyhood,  he  has  had  every  opportunity  for  gratify- 
ing. He  is  also  fond  of  athletic  sports.  He  has 
held  the  presidency  of  the  Prospect  Heights  Dancing 
Class  several  years.  One  of  the  brilliant  society 
events  of  two  years  ago  was  his  marriage  to  Miss 
Gertrude  Rickerson  of  Eighth  avenue.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Boody  reside  in  a  handsome  house  on  Berkeley  place. 
The  secretary  of  the  club.  Van  Mater  Still- 
well,  was  born  in  Monmouth  County,  N.  J.,  in  i860, 
but  a  residence  in  this  city  since  his  seventh  year  has 
made  him  practically  a  Brooklynite.  His  education 
was  begun  in  old  No.  7  school,  and  continued  at  the 
Polytechnic  Institute,  at  the  Columbia  Grammar 
School  and  at  Columbia  College,  when  he  was  grad- 
uated in  1881.  Two  years  later  he  obtained  his 
degree  at  Columbia  Law  School  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar.  He  began  practice  in  the  office  of  Arnou.x, 
Ritch  &  Woodford  of  New  York,  but  soon  left  to  begin 
business  for  himself.  At  the  time  of  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  German-American  Real  Estate  Title 
Guarantee  Company,  he  became  connected  with  that 
organization,  but  he  continues  to  practise  for  himself 
in  the  courts.  He  was  one  of  the  charter  members 
of  the  Parkway  Driving  Club,  and  drew  up  the  articles 
of  incorporation  of  that  body. 

The  important  duties  of  chairman  of  the  house  committee  of  the  Parkway  Club  are  discharged  by 
Frank  D.  Creamer;  he  is  also  one  of  the  board  of  directors  and  one  of  the  charter  members.  Entering 
upon  active  life  at  an  early  age,  he  held  for  fifteen  years  the  management  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Tea  Com- 
pany's establishment  in  this  city.  Five  years  ago  he  engaged  in  the  business  of  supplying  masons  and  build- 
ers with  materials  for  their  trade  ;  he  established  himself  on  the  block  at  the  foot  of  Forty-second  and 
Forty-third  streets,  and  now  owns  the  site  occupied  by  his  yards.    He  is  the  youngest  member  on  the  board 

of  trustees  of  the  New  York  Building  Material  E.\- 
change.  He  is  the  son  of  the  late  Dr.  Joseph  Creamer, 
of  154  Hewes  street,  who  had  been  prominent  among 
the  practicing  physicians  of  Brooklyn  for  forty-five 
years.  Born  in  the  thirteenth  ward,  on  April  4,  1859, 
F.  D.  Creamer  was  educated  at  the  public  schools. 
In  1881  he  married  Louisa  M.,  daughter  of  Peter 
Murray,  a  wealthy  importer  of  fancy  goods,  in  New- 
York.  He  is  a  noted  amateur  athlete  and  before 
attaining  his  majority  had  won  forty-three  medals  in 
contests  of  various  sorts;  he  won  the  championship 
in  the  individual  one-hundred-and-twenty-five-pound 
"anchor"  tug  of-war,  and  pulled  "anchor"  on  the 
five-hundred-pound  team  which  held  the  champion- 
ship for  five  years;  he  rowed  stroke  oar  in  the  old 
Seawanhaka  champion  crews  and  for  a  period  of 
three  years  held  the  amateur  club-swinging  chamjjion- 
ship.  He  is  an  honorary  member  of  the  Seawanhaka 
Boat  Club.  An  active  worker  in  the  Democratic 
ranks,  he  is  a  member  of  the  Thomas  Henry  Demo- 
cratic Club,  of  the  twenty-fourth  ward,  and  the  Young 
Men's  Democratic  Club,  of  the  twenty-third  ward. 
He  lives  at  573  St.  Mark's  avenue. 

Ezra  Ralph  Sa.mmis  became  a  member  of  the 

Parkway   Club   soon   after   its  organization    and    has 

been  keenly  alive  to  all  its  interests.     He  is  a  resident 

Frank  D.  Creamer.  of  ^^e  park  slope  and  is  often  to  be  seen  driving  down 


I026 


THE    EAGI.E    AND   BROOKLYN. 


the  ruid  He  is  a  veteran  of  the  23d  Regiment  and  has  membership  in  several  social  clubs  and  other  organ- 
nations'  Mr  Sammis  was  born  at  Babylon,  Long  Island,  in  1840,  and  has  won  his  way  unaided  through 
commercial  life  to  a  very  substantial  success.     He  is  a  man  of  leisurely  habits,  taking  only  the  student's 

interest  in  politics  and  public  affairs.  ,     „     ,  ^,   u        , 

Fi  PERT  C  Wilson  is  connected  with  a  number  of  Brooklyn  organizations  besides  the  Parkway  Club  and 
,s  one  of  the  active  business  men  of  the  city.  His  name  is  on  the  membership  list  of  the  Oxford  Club  and  the 
Varuna  Boat  Club-  Stella  Lodge,  F.  and  A.  M.,  Royal  Arcanum,  National  Provident  Union,  Home  Circle,  and 
Ancient  CJrder  of  Umted  Workmen.     He  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  on  October  25,  1858,  and  came  from  an  old 


fe^>^ 


Long  Island  family,  which  hatl  a  homestead  at  Roslyn  tor  many  years.  His  father  was  William  O.  A\'ilson, 
a  well-known  Brooklynite,  wh(j  died  in  1S89,  at  the  age  of  eighty-five  years.  Elbert  \\'ilson  was  graduated 
from  public  school  No.  12,  and  spent  the  succeeding  ten  years  of  his  life  in  the  hardware  business  with 
S.  O.  Burnett.  In  1S81  he  determined  to  begin  business  for  himself,  and  his  first  move  was  to  purchase  the 
ice  cream  business  of  Thomas  Denham,  which  was  founded  in  1867  by  Jacob  Fussell  &  Co.  He  greatly 
improved  the  business  and  in  1887  purchased  the  building  at  308  Fulton  street,  extending  to  Pierrepont 
street;  he  demolished  the  structure  and  erected  the  beautiful  building  which  now  occupies  the  site.  It  is 
built  of  Philadelphia  brick,  with  Euclid  stone  and  terra  cotta  trimmings,  has  costly  windows  with  art- 
stainetl  panes,  and,  altogether,  presents  a  substantial  and  graceful  appearance.  The  interior  is  admirably 
arranged  and  elaborately  finished;  hom  the  first  floor  to  the  roof  the  appointments  are  on  a  scale  of  luxury 
which  is  not  surpassed  in  any  similar  building  in  the  city.  The  first  floor  contains  the  grand  saloon,  which 
will  seat  nearly  one  hundred  and  fifty  persons.  The  wainscotings  are  of  onyx  and  marble,  the  cabinet-work 
of  quartered  oak,  the  furniture  is  nf  mahogany  and  the  decorations  in  plastic  relief.  A  grand  staircase  leads 
up  to  a  beautiful  banquet  hall,  where  covers  can  be  laid  for  one  hundred  and  fifty  persons.  The  entrance  on 
Pierrepont  street  is  elaborate,  having  a  wide  old  oak  staircase  and'a  passenger  elevator  which  runs  to  the 
to|i  floor.     The  manufacturing  department  occupies  the  entire  basement  of  the  building. 


SPORTS,    ATHLETICS    AND    PASTIMES. 


1027 


MoRisON  HoYT,  who  is  well  known  in  business  circles  as  a  merchant  and  capitalist,  and  who  has  had  a 
long-continued  prominence  in  social  affairs  in  Brooklyn,  was  born  in  this  city  on  September  21,  1849.  After 
being  educated  at  public  and  private  schools,  Morison  Hoyt  began  his  business  career  in  1866  in  the  whole- 
sale house  of  Hatch,  Johnson  &  Co.,  dealers  in  men's  furnishing  goods,  with  whom  he  remained  a  number  of 
years.  He  devoted  about  twenty  years  of  his  life  to  the  commission  business,  as  salesman  and  principal, 
dealing  in  knit  goods  for  underwear.  He  is  a  veteran  of  the  23d  Regiment  and  was  at  one  time  commissary 
of  subsistence  of  the  nth  Brigade,  2d  Division,  N.  G.,  S.  N.  Y.,  in  which  capacity  he  was  on  duty  during 
the  railroad  riots  of  1877.  He  has  been  for  some  time  a  member  of  the  Old  Guard  of  New  York,  and  he 
is  a  member  of  the  Montauk,  Parkway  Driving,  Knickerbocker  Field,  and  Emerald  Gun  clubs. 

Edward  T.  Bedford  was  born  in  Brooklyn  in  1849.  The  war  of  the  rebellion  having  seriously  injured 
the  business  of  his  father,  the  family  removed  during  the  second  year  of  the  war  to  Greens  Farms,  Conn., 

where    his  parents  are   now   residing.      Mr.   Bedford 

returned  to  Brooklyn  in  1870  and  engaged  in  selling 

lubricating  oils  on  commission.     In    1S71  he  was  em- 

;  ployed  by  Robert  Chesebrough  and  was  instrumental 

;  in  first   introducing  petroleum  pomade,  or   vaseline. 

I  In    1872   he  went  into  the  employment  of  the  firm  of 

Boyd  &  Thompson,  who  were  then  in  the  business  of 
selling  flour  and  lubricating  oils,  and  devoted  his 
time  to  the  oil  department.  This  firm  in  1875  was 
changed  to  R.  J.  Thompson  &:  Co.,  Mr.  Bedford  being 
admitted  as  a  partner.  In  1878  Mr.  Boyd  retired  and 
the  firm  was  made  Thompson  &  Bedford  on  terms 
of  equal  partnership.  In  1880  this  firm  was  incor- 
porated under  the  name  of  the  Thompson  &  Bedford 
Co.,  Limited.  Mr.  'I'hompson  retiring  about  a  year 
ago  Mr.  Bedford  was  elected  to  the  presidency, 
which  he  now  holds.  He  is  a  director  of  the  Bank 
of  the  State  of  New  York  and  is  also  president  of 
the  Self-Winding  Clock  Company.  Mr.  Bedford  is 
best  known  to  the  road-riders  of  this  city  for  his 
love  of  trotting  horses.  His  stable,  which  is  on 
Willoughby  avenue  in  the  rear  of  his  residence,  181 
Clinton  avenue,  is  one  of  the  best  and  largest  in  the 
city.  It  is  very  handsomely  trimmed  in  oak  and 
wrought  iron,  and  it  is  always  kept  fully  occupied. 
The  New  York  Si/zi  credits  him  with  having  driven, 
during  1891,  over  Mr.  Shults'  track,  the  fastest  mile 
that  has  ever  been  driven  by  a  gentleman  driver 
in  this  city.  He  drove  a  team  of  road  horses  to  road  wagon,  in  a  contest  with  a  friend,  making  the 
mile  in    2:253/^,  the  last  half  being  in  i:ii. 

William  C.  Allen  is  one  of  the  club's  charter  members  and  one  of  its  directors.  From  his  boyhood 
he  has  been  an  admirer  of  horses  and  the  trotting  horse  excites  his  enthusiasm  on  the  road,  or  on  the  track; 
but  it  does  not  monopolize  his  interest,  for  he  frequently  indulges  in  that  sport  where  the  dog  and  the  gun 
are  a  man's  most  intimate  companions.  He  is  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Tarrant  &  Co.,  manufacturers  and 
importers  of  drugs,  New  York,  and  he  has  charge  of  all  the  finances  of  that  house;  he  obtained  employment 
as  bookkeeper  with  the  firm  twenty-three  years  ago  and  has  risen  steadily  to  his  present  position.  He  was 
born  in  New  York  city  in  1843;  his  father  moved  to  Brooklyn  in  1855  and  became  a  prominent  citizen  here. 
The  son  was  educated  at  public  school  17,  Brooklyn,  and  his  whole  active  life  has  been  devoted  to  the  drug 
business,  excepting  a  few  years,  during  the  administration  of  President  Lincoln,  when  he  was  assistant  to 
his  brother,  John  S.  Allen,  who  then  was  postmaster  of  the  Eastern  District. 

Hugh  Boyd  was  born  in  County  Fermanagh,  Ireland,  on  February  27,  1830.  He  came  to  Brooklyn 
at  the  age  of  fifteen  and  immediately  obtained  employment  as  clerk  with  the  firm  of  Journeay  &  Burnham. 
After  four  years  of  service  in  this  capacity  he  was  admitted  to  partnership.  When  the  business  was  turned 
into  the  hands  of  a  stock  company  after  Mr.  Journeay's  death,  Mr.  Boyd  became  vice-president  of  the  cor- 
poration. There  is  no  other  instance  in  the  United  States  where  a  firm  has  kept  its  original  elements 
together  so  long  as  that  established  by  Messrs.  Journeay  &  Burnham.  Mr.  Boyd  is  a  member  of  the  Hamil- 
ton, Rembrandt,  and  Parkway  Driving  clubs,  and  he  was  the  first  vice-president  of  the  Marine  and  Field 
Club,     He  was  president  of  the  Brooklyn   Central   Dispensary  many  years.     He  was  married  in   1853   in 


Edward  T.  Bedford. 


I028 


THE    EAGLE   AND   BROOKLYN. 


Grace  Church,  of  which  he  is  still  a  member,  to  Miss 
Journeay,  a  sister  of  the  late  H.  P.  Journeay,  his 
former  partner. 

Stephen  W.  McKeever  has  been  a  citizen  of 
Brooklyn  since  his  birthday,  October  31,  1S54.  He 
was  born  in  a  house  at  York  and  Main  streets,  where 
his  father,  William  McKeever,  took  up  his  residence 
soon  after  his  arrival  in  Brooklyn  in  1840.  He  at- 
tended St.  James  school  until  he  was  ten  years  old, 
when  he  became  an  apprentice  to  James  Webb, 
plumber  and  gashtter.  In  1873  he  began  business  for 
himself  in  James  street.  He  is  at  present  located  at 
95  Washington  street,  being  interested  in  plumbing, 
steam  and  gas  fitting,  and  in  the  manufacture  of 
pumps.  He  is  a  partner  of  his  brother  in  the  paving 
and  contracting  business.  He  did  all  the  plumbing, 
steam  and  gas  fitting  for  the  New  York  and  Brooklyn 
bridge  and  for  the  Brooklyn  Elevated  Railroad.  On 
September  5,  1892,  he  married  the  daughter  of  Cap- 
tain James  Lynch  of  this  city.  Besides  the  Parkway 
Club,  Mr.  McKeever  is  a  member  of  the  Constitu- 
tion Club.  In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat,  but  he  never 
has  held  any  political  office. 

A  fondness  for  out-dooi  recreation  and  ability 
to  appreciate  the  points  of  a  good  horse  naturally 
led  WiLLiA.M  Burrows  to  associate  himself  with  the  Stephen  \v.  mcKeever. 

club.  He  was  one  of  the  first  members  of  the  organization.  He  is  now  a  director  and  takes  an  earnest 
interest  in  all  that  promotes  the  welfare  of  the  club.  He  is  prominent  in  masonic  circles  and  was 
master  of  Tecumseh  Lodge,  No.  4S7,  F.  and  A.  M.;  he  is  also  a  member  of  Evening  Star  Chapter,  Royal 
Arch  Masons.  In  politics  he  is  an  ardent  Republican  and  as  such  is  an  efficient  member  of  the 
Union  League  Club.  William  Burrows  was  born  in  New  York  in  1837,  and  came  to  this  city  twenty 
years  later.     He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  New  York  and  afterwards  became  an  apprentice  in 

the  pattern  and  model  making  business.  His  em- 
ployer was  John  E.  Bendix,  who  during  the  rebellion 
of  the  southern  states  organized  the  "  Steuben  "  reg- 
iment of  volunteers  and  went  southward,  leaving  his 
establishment  in  charge  of  Mr.  Burrows,  who  con- 
ducted the  business  for  the  space  of  two  years.  It 
passed  under  his  control  by  purchase  in  1863,  and 
he  has  since  carried  it  on  with  uniform  success.  For 
the  last  fifteen  years  he  has  been  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  plumbers'  cabinet  ware  for  the  J.  L. 
Mott  Iron  Works.  In  1861  Mr.  Burrows  married 
Miss  Lydia  L.  Wolf,  and  has  one  daughter  who  bears 
her  mother's  name,  and  inherits  her  father's  taste 
for  a  good  horse.  She  may  be  seen  almost  any 
"^^^  pleasant  afternoon   on   the  road   in  her  village  cart 

behind  her  high-stepj^ing  pony  "Jim."     Mr.  Burrows 
^  owns  considerable   property  in  the  city,  and  lives  at 

50  Herkimer  street. 

One  of  the  youngest  driving  organizations  is  the 
John  Ryan  Coaching  Club,  which  was  organized 
with  a  dozen  members  in  1889.  Its  membership  has 
more  than  doubled  since  then.  The  club  grew  and 
prospered  from  an  invitation  tally-ho  drive  to  the 
.great  Suburban  race  in  May,  1889,  and  "Suburban 
Day"  has  each  year  since  been  the  occasion  for  the 
organization's  annual  dinner  and  first  drive  of  the 
year.     It  is  the  habit   of  the  club  to  attend  every 


\ 


William  Burro 


SPORTS,    ATHLETICS    AND    PASTIMES.  ,039 

championship  contest  or  other  big  event  of  the  out-door  sporting  world— fontliall,  baseball  or  athletic— 
and  to  participate  as  well  in  all  the  coaching  and  other  civic  carnivals  on  both  sides  the  river.  On  these 
occasions  the  whip  and  reins  are  held  by  John  Farrell,  who  handles  the  dashing  equine  se.xtette  with 
the  dexterity  of  an  old-time  overland  mail  driver.  In  the  coaching  parade  held  in  Brooklyn  in  li-'go,  the 
club  turnout  was  a  striking  feature,  and  compared  favorably  with  the  most  perfectly  appomted  equipages 
in  the  line  that  formed  and  passed  through  Prospect  Park.  John  Ryan  is  president  ;  John  Farrell, 
treasurer  and  whip;  Daniel  Dunne,  vice-president;  Humphrey  Plaut  has  charge  of  the  commissiary  depart- 
ment; Edward  Boyle  is  secretary,  and  Ralph  Clarke,  trumpeter. 

Besides  the  clubs  sketched,  there  are  several  other  riding  clubs  of  well  recognized  importance  and  social 
standing,  but  being  without  any  e.Kclusive  home  of  their  own  they  have  less  individuality  and  prominence. 
These  include  the  Algonquin,  the  Adelphi,  the  Brevoort,  the  Brooklyn,  the  West  End,  the  Monday  Night, 
and  the  Prospect  clubs,  all  of  which  meet  in  the  riding  academy  at  Bedford  and  Atlantic  avenues. 

BASEBALL  AND  CRICKET. 

In  1883  the  Brooklyn  Baseball  Association,  now  known  as  the  Brooklyn  Baseball  Club,  was  formed 
and  joined  the  Interstate  Baseball  Association.  At  the  close  of  its  first  season  it  had  won  the  champion- 
ship. Washington  Park  on  Fifth  avenue  was  the  scene  of  the  home  games  and  continued  to  be  the  arena 
for  professional  contests  until  1891,  when  the  Brooklyn  club  transferred  its  diamond  to  Eastern  Park  in 
the  twenty-sixth  ward.  In  1884  the  club  joined  the  American  Association.  For  three  seasons  the  record 
showed  more  defeats  than  victories  for  its  players,  but  there  was  a  constant  improvement  and  the  club 
climbed  from  place  to  place  until  in  1886,  it  scored  seventy-seven  victories  against  sixty-one  defeats. 
In  1887  the  record  was  not  so  good,  showing  only  sixty  victories  against  seventy-four  defeats;  but  "  Excel- 
sior "  was  again  the  motto  from  the  beginning  of  the  next  season  until  the  close  of  the  season  of  iSSg,  in 
which  year  the  Brooklynites  received  the  championship  pennant  of  the  American  Association.  The  cham- 
pionship of  the  National  League  was  won  by  the  New  York  club  and  in  a  series  of  games  played  between 
that  club  and  the  Brooklyn  champions,  the  New  Yorks  won  the  championship  of  the  United  States.  During 
these  years  the  game  had  grown  to  so  much  importance,  through  its  immense  popularity,  as  to  earn  the 
designation  of  "  the  national  game,"  and  the  competition  between  clubs  for  possession  of  expert  players 
became  so  animated  that  salaries  which  may  justly  be  called  magnilicent  were  demanded  and  paid,  while 
the  managers  and  stockholders  derived  large  profit  from  their  investments  in  the  several  clubs,  all  of  which 
were  placed  upon  a  thorough  business  footing.  Not  satisfied  with  their  large  salaries,  the  players  sought  to 
obtain  a  share  of  the  profits  also  and  in  1890,  as  a  result  of  an  unsettled  controversy  on  this  point  between 
them  and  the  managers,  the  Players'  League  was  organized  as  a  rival  to  the  older  associations,  many  of  the 
best  and  most  popular  players  joining  the  new  combination.  At  the  beginning  of  the  season  Brooklyn  had 
three  clubs  and  was  represented  in  each  of  the  rival  organizations.  The  original  club  went  into  the  National 
League  and  won  the  championship;  the  Players'  League  had  a  strong  local  club  which  ended  the  season 
second  to  Boston,  the  winner  of  that  league's  pennant;  and  the  Brooklyn  club  which  replaced  the  original 
organization  in  the  American  Association  withdrew  from  the  game  early  in  the  season  because  of  financial 
failure.  The  Players'  League  was  discontinued  in  1891  and  some  of  its  strongest  members  were  engaged  by 
the  Brooklyn  club,  which  continued  its  affiliation  with  the  National  League.  The  season  was  a  demoralizing 
one  financially,  and  was  profitable  only  to  the  players.  In  the  race  for  the  pennant  Brooklyn  finished 
sixth  in  the  list  of  eight  clubs  included  in  the  league.  The  season  of  1892  was  a  peculiar  one  and  increased 
the  demoralization  begun  in  i8gr.  An  amalgamation  of  the  National  League  and  the  American  Association 
was  effected  and  it  was  hoped  that  this  settlement  of  the  differences  between  the  two,  which  had  injured 
the  business  end  of  the  game  the  year  previous,  would  result  in  a  revival  of  prosperity.  The  new 
National  League  was  composed  of  twelve  clubs  and  the  season  was  extended,  being  divided  into  two  series 
of  games.  It  was  thought  possible  that  the  club  winning  the  first  series  might  lose  the  second,  and  the 
scheme  contemplated  a  supplementary  series  between  the  two  winning  clubs  to  determine  the  championship. 
Both  series,  however,  were  won  by  the  Boston  club,  the  champions  of  1891.  Brooklyn  was  second  in  the 
first  series  and  third,  with  Cleveland  second,  in  the  other  series.  This  scheme  of  a  double  season  did  not 
commend  itself  by  financial  success  and  the  managers  decided  to  make  a  continuous  season  m  1893.  The 
officers  of  the  Brooklyn  Baseball  Club  are  Charles  H.  Byrne  president,  and  Charles  H.  Ebbets,  secretary. 

Amateur  Players  of  Baseball  are  abundant  in  Brooklyn  and  have  ample  facilities  for  indulging  in 
the  game.  Fields  convenient  for  the  diamond  are  scattered  about  South  Brooklyn,  East  New  York  and  the 
outlying  portions  of  the  Eastern  District,  while  there  are  many  such  to  be  found  in  the  suburbs.  Prospect 
Park  is  an  especially  popular  resort  for  the  amateurs  and  their  friends,  a  portion  of  the  parade  ground  being 
laid  out  for  their  accommodation,  and  it  is  no  unusual  sight  during  the  season  to  see  ten  or  a  dozen  games 


I030  THE    EAGLE   AND   BROOKLYN. 

in  progress  at  once.  The  regular  local  championship  is  decided  annually  by  the  Brooklyn  Association  of 
Amateur  Baseball  Players  and  the  clubs  participating  are  strictly  free  from  professionalism.  Each  season 
is  marked  by  some  exceptionally  good  games,  and  a  contest  between  two  well-known  clubs  never  fails  to 
draw  thousands  of  spectators.  'l"he  ]3rivilege  of  the  grounds  is  accorded  free  to  any  amateur  club  in  good 
standing  which  makes  application  therefor  to  the  park  commissioners.  Among  the  local  clubs  now  in 
existence,  the  Fulton  is  champion,  having  held  the  honor  two  years  in  succession;  the  Resolute  won  the 
championship  the  three  preceding  years  and  with  the  Fulton  is  now  the  only  pennant  winner  in  the  associa- 
tion, all  the  others  having  dropped  out.  The  other  clubs  in  the  association  are  the  Fern,  the  Long  Island, 
the  Augustinian  and  the  Aticu.  The  officers  of  the  association  are  C,  Hoffman,  Jr.,  president;  W.  J.  McCa- 
hill,  secretary;  A.  B.  \\'aldron,  treasurer.  The  \\'all  Street  Baseball  Club  is  an  amateur  organization 
officered  by  William  H.  Nearing,  president,  and  A.  B.  Waldron,  manager. 

Baseball  clubs  flourish  in  the  public  schools  and  the  higher  educational  institutions,  but  there  is  no 
inter-scholastic  league  organized  and  consequently  there  is  no  definite  basis  u|3on  which  championship  claims 
might  be  founded.  In  1892  the  Adelphi  team  made  the  extraordinary  record  of  going  through  the  season 
victorious  in  every  contest,  its  opponents  including  several  teams  from  out-of-town  institutions  as  well  as 
some  of  the  stronger  local  teams.  The  Latin  School  team  won  seven  out  of  ten  games  played  in  an  inter- 
scholastic  league,  which  included  the  New  York  Military  Academy,  St.  John's  School  of  Sing  Sing,  Montclair 
Academy,  Stevens  Preparatory  School  and  Columbia  Grammar  School.  In  the  Pratt  Institute  there  is  a 
league  composed  of  teams  representing  the  seniors,  juniors  and  freshmen,  respectively,  whose  six  games  in 
:8g2  resulted  in  four  victories  for  the  freshmen  and  two  for  the  seniors.  The  team  of  the  Polytechnic 
Institute  played  six  games  of  which  it  won  three,  its  defeated  opponents  were  the  Brooklyn  High  School, 
Columbia  College  freshmen,  and  St.  Paul's  School,  its  conquerors  being  St.  John's  College  of  Fordham, 
College  of  the  City  of  New  York  and  the  Lawrenceville  team.  The  High  School  team  played  eleven  games 
and  won  nine,  several  of  the  opposing  teams  being  out-of-town  players. 

Cricket,  the  "  English  gentlemen's  game,"  has  been  known  as  a  field  sport  by  Brooklynites  more 
than  half  a  century,  and  many  clubs  have  been  formed  here  to  perpetuate  it  as  an  outdoor  pastime;  but  it 
fails  to  enlist  popular  interest  and  even  in  Brooklyn,  where  good  cricketers  are  more  plentiful,  probably, 
than  in  any  other  city  of  the  union,  it  is  regarded  as  something  of  an  exotic  in  the  category  of  sports.  The 
oldest  existing  local  club  is  the  Manhattan,  which  dates  from  1876.  At  the  present  time  there  are  four 
other  clubs.  An  impetus  was  given  to  the  game  in  1890  by  the  formation  of  the  Metropolitan  Cricket 
League,  which  inaugurated  a  championship  campaign,  wherein  Brooklyn  players  have  proven  themselves 
experts,  though  failing  thus  far  to  capture  first  place.  A  noteworthy  event  of  the  season  of  1892  was  a 
trip  made  by  the  Brooklyn  Cricket  Club  to  Canada,  where  games  were  played  at  Niagara  Flails,  Hamilton, 
Rosedale,  Toronto  and  East  Toronto.  The  following  are  the  names  of  the  Brooklyn  clubs  and  their 
officers:  Manhattan — D.  A.  Munro,  president;  F.  M.  Greene,  secretary  and  treasurer.  Brooklyn — Alfred 
Brotherhood,  president;  H.  Helm,  treasurer.  Kings  County — Robert  Boocock,  president;  T.  Ayres, 
treasurer;  Henry  Rowley,  secretary.  Sons  of  St.  George — Ernest  Bowden,  president;  C.  Nugent,  treasurer; 
J.  W.  Barrows,  secretary.  South  Brooklyn— J.  B.  Taylor,  president;  H.  T.  Peterson,  secretary;  J.  B.  Rob- 
ertson, treasurer. 

FOOTBALL,  LACR0S6E  AND  POLO. 

There  is  one  class  of  outdoor  sports  the  hurly-burly  of  which  nerves  the  players  and  excites  the  inter- 
est and  enthusiasm  of  spectators  to  an  unusual  degree.  The  contests  are  pitched  battles  wherein  physical 
strength  and  endurance  play  an  important  part,  this  very  element  making  necessary  a  quality  of  general- 
ship that  is  not  reciuired  in  such  games  as  baseball  and  cricket,  the  possibilities  of  which  are  restricted,  in 
comparison.  In  the  game  of  football,  the  most  popular  of  the  present  period,  next  to  baseball,  the  play 
frequently  exhibits  the  features  of  a  shock  between  two  equally  matched  opposing  forces,  and  the  sugges- 
tion of  a  rough-and-tumble  fight  is  not  infrequently  emphasized  by  the  bruised  face  or  the  limping  gait  of 
some  ])articipant  as  he  emerges  from  the  melcc,  or  as  the  struggling  mass  of  humanity  breaks  into  a 
racing  throng  when  the  ball  flies  into  the  air,  or  its  captor  escapes  and  speeds  toward  the  goal.  Football 
has  been  played  from  time  immemorial,  crudely  enough  in  the  earlier  times,  but  always  with  a  spirit  that 
created  obliviousness  to  injuries  that  were  not  disabling.  Its  present  popularity  grew  from  the  inter- 
est excited  by  the  famous  contests  in  which  Yale,  Harvard,  and  Princeton  have  figured,  and  no  greater 
crowds  of  spectators  have  ever  been  seen  at  out-door  sports  than  those  which  on  a  cold  November  day  have 
gathered  in  New  York  to  behold  two  college  elevens  try  conclusions— gatherings  including  thousands  of 
bright  young  women  whose  knowledge  of  "  half-backs,"  "quarter-backs,"  "  tackles,"  "  touch-downs  "  and 
"  goals,"  would  astonish  the  uninitiated  listener  to  their  comments  on  the  fray.     Outside  of  the  colleges  there 


SPORTS,    ATHLETICS    ANM)    PASTIMES.  103 1 

are  a  number  of  strong  teams,  and  Brooklyn  possesses  one  of  the  strongest  of  these  in  the  eleven  of  the 
Crescent  Athletic  Club,  which  has  been  almost  invincible  since  the  organization  of  the  club  in  the  fall  of 
1884.  This  team  is  one  of  the  three  enrolled  in  the  American  Football  Union,  organized  in  18S7,  and  it 
has  won  the  championship  five  times  in  succession,  winning  twice  the  magnificent  silver  trophy,  costing 
more  than  $800,  given  by  the  Eagle  in  1891,  which  if  won  again  during  the  season  of  1S93  will  become  the 
absolute  property  of  the  club.  The  other  clubs  in  the  union  in  1892  were  the  Orange,  (i\.  1.)  Athletic  and 
the  New  York  Athletic.  A  football  eleven  is  connected  with  the  Varuna  liloat  Club  and  had  a  successful 
season  in  1892,  winning  four  out  of  six  games.  The  Bedford  and  the  Prospect  elevens  played  one  game,  the 
former  team  winning.  The  Columbian  eleven,  organized  in  1892,  is  composed  of  ex-members  of  the  Poly- 
technic, Adelphi,  High  School,  and  Kings  College;  its  captain  is  J.  R.  Spelman  and  the  manager  is  B.  S. 
Lacklan.  Among  the  elevens  connected  with  educational  institutions,  that  of  the  Polytechnic  Institute 
made  an  excellent  record  in  1892;  other  teams  are  those  of  the  Adelphi,  St.  Paul's,  Latin,  and  High  Schools. 

Lacrosse  is  another-  game  in  which  rough  work  is  occasionally  done  and  the  danger  of  cuts  and 
bruises  is  heightened  by  the  use  of  the  heavy  sticks  with  which  the  ball  is  driven  over  the  field.  The  game 
forms  a  part  of  the  diversions  of  some  of  the  clubs  in  Brooklyn  which  foster  out-door  sports. 

Polo  is  a  similar  game,  and  the  Brooklyn  Polo  Club  was  organized  in  1892  as  a  result  of  several  games 
played  that  season  on  the  parade  ground  of  Prospect  Park  by  some  of  the  local  equestrians. 

LAWN    TENNIS    AND    HAND-BALL. 

The  popular  game  of  lawn  tennis  and  the  game  of  hand-ball,  which  is  growing  in  favor  as  a  means  of 
physical  culture,  had  a  common  origin.  In  fact,  the  latter  game  more  nearly  resembles  the  ancient  sport 
of  the  Greeks  and  Romans,  from  which  both  games  were  derived,  than  does  the  other.  In  the  ancient 
game  the  ball  was  struck  by  the  hand  and  caused  to  rebound  from  a  wall.  Among  more  modern  people 
the  custom  sprang  up  of  using  gloves  to  protect  the  hands.  The  game  was  popular  in  France  and 
England  in  the  middle  ages,  and  when  the  glove  was  succeeded  by  the  racket  it  became  known  in  the 
former  country  as  "  racquets,"  while  in  England  it  was  called  "  tennis."  It  had  some  of  the  features  of 
the  game  of  lawn  tennis,  but  the  ball  was  struck  against  a  wall,  as  in  the  most  ancient  days.  Lawn  tennis 
as  it  is  played  to-day,  originated  in  England.  It  has  many  admirers  in  Brooklyn,  and  the  facilities  for 
playing  it  are  abundant;  there  are  many  courts  on  private  grounds  where  families  and  their  guests  enjoy 
the  sport;  various  clubs  devoted  to  the  game  have  fields  arranged  for  it;  and  the  park  commissioners 
provide  each  season  fully  one  hundred  courts.  The  tennis  clubs  in  Brooklyn  and  its  surroundings  are  all 
active,  and  championship  honors  have  frequently  been  brought  to  the  city.  The  present  champion  of 
America  is  O.  S.  Campbell  of  Brooklyn,  who  has  held  the  title  since  1890,  and  succeeded  H.  A\'.  Slocuni, 
Jr.,  another  Brooklynite,  who  was  champion  in  1888  and  1889.  A  full  list  of  the  clubs  shows  twenty-two, 
as  follows:  vVlthea  (Blythebourne),  Altiora,  Bedford,  Brooklyn  Racket  Club,  Brooklyn  Tennis  Club  (for- 
merly the  Badminton),  Clover  Hill,  Crescent  Club  (Bay  Ridge),  Flatbush  F'ield  Club,  Ivanhoe,  Jefferson 
Heights,  Kings  County,  Knickerbocker  Field  Club,  Lamont,  Lexington,  Madison,  Marine  and  Field  Club, 
Polytechnic,  Pratt  Institute,  Prospect  Heights,  South  Side  Field  Club,  Sterling,  and  Wildemere.  The  Kings 
County  Inter-Club  Association,  organized  in  August,  1891,  is  composed  of  the  Altiora,  Brooklyn  (formerly 
Badminton),  Crescent,  Kings  County  and  Knickerbocker  Field  clubs;  it  holds  an  annual  tournament  on 
the  grounds  of  the  Knickerbocker  Field  Club.  During  all  the  evolution  of  tennis  from  the  s/i/iain'sis  of 
the  Greeks  and  iht  pila  of  the  Romans  the  game  of  hand-ball  was  preserved.  In  the  days  of  King  Arthur 
It  was  known  as  "  paume,"  because  of  the  ball  being  struck  by  hand.  It  was  played  in  a  crude  way  in 
various  parts  of  America  for  years  before  it  sprang  prominently  into  public  notice;  and  it  began  to 
attract  particular  attention  when  the  fact  became  known  that  it  formed  part  of  the  exercise  of  John  L. 
Sullivan  while  he  was  training  for  his  fight  with  James  J.  Corbett.  The  Brooklyn  Hand  Ball  Club  was 
organized  in  1887. 

CYCLING. 

Bic)'clists  and  tricyclists  for  the  last  twelve  years  have  monopolized  a  considerable  portion  of  the 
interest  evinced  by  the  general  public  in  matters  relating  to  athletic  sports.  With  a  fine  park,  a  splendidly 
paved  driveway— Bedford  avenue— running  through  the  heart  of  the  city,  and  with  well  graded  and  easily 
accessible  suburban  roads,  it  is  no  marvel  that  Brooklyn  has  proved  particularly  favorable  to  the  formation 
of  wheelmen's  associations.  It  is  estimated  that  15,000  men,  women  and  children  residing  in  Brooklyn  ride 
the  wheel.     At  least    1,500  are  members  of  local  wheeling  clubs,  and  the  charter  members  of  some  of  the 


c 


„,,  THE    EA(;i.E    AND    BROOKLYN. 

clubs  were  the   pioneer  cyclists  of  this  country.     At  different  "  meets  "  representatives  of  local  clubs  have 
held  their  own  with  all  comers,  and  on  the  road  they  have  earned  the  reputation  of  being  arduous  riders. 

The  Brooklyn  Bicycle  Club,  which  has  its  house  at  62  Hanson  place,  was  the  pioneer  organization 
of  wheelmen  in  the  city.  It  was  organized  in  June,  1S79,  and  incorporated  in  1886.  There  was  a  time  in 
the  club's  career  when  the  members  could  hold  their  own  with  any  of  the  local  organizations  as  a  racing 
:lub.  For  several  years  past,  however,  the  old-time  interest  has  degenerated  and  racing  has  been 
frowned  down  by  the  older  members  of  the  club;  consequently  the  club  is  not  represented  in  the 
Wheelmen's  Racing  League.  Mileage  medals  were  presented  at  the  annual  meeting  held  in  April  to  those 
riding  over  one  thousand  miles,  and  fifteen  members  received  them.  Howard  E.  Raymond,  the  club  treas- 
urer, was  elected  in  1892  to  the  presidency  of  the  International  Cyclists'  Union,  a  distinction  which  marked 
him  for  an  important  part  in  the  great  World's  Fair  meeting.  The  club  has  concluded  to  purchase  a  country 
home  before  the  cycling  season  of  1893  has  closed.  It  has  about  175  members.  The  officers  for  1892-3 
are;   I.  B.  Potter,  president;   Howard  E.  Raymond,  treasurer;  and  B.  R.  Rice,  secretary. 

The  second  cycling  club  was  the  Kings  County  Wheelmen,  which  has  outstripped  its  predecessor. 
It  was  organized  on  March  17,  i88i,  and  incorporated  on  May  24,  1884.  Though  identified  to  some  extent 
with  the  Eastern  District,  the  organization  gradually  acquired  a  membership  that  was  fairly  representative 
of  the  city  rather  than  of  any  particular  section.  A  rupture  occurred  at  one  time  and  a  number  of  the  mem- 
bers seceded,  forming  an  independent  organization  that  flourished  a  while  and  then  faded  out  of  existence. 
In  18S7,  a  well-known  capitalist  built  a  home  for  the  organization  on  a  plot  of  ground  on  Bedford  avenue, 
opposite  Brevoort  place.  A  long  lease  of  the  premises  was  taken  in  February,  1888,  and  from  that  time  on 
the  association  has  had  a  greater  prosperity.  The  club  has  never  been  defeated  in  a  road  race  but  once; 
they  won  the  championship  of  the  New  York  and  New  Jersey  Team  Road  Racing  Association  so  often  that 
the  trophy,  a  magnificent  silver  cup,  has  become  their  private  property;  and  also  they  now  hold  the  chal- 
lenge cup  of  the  \\'heelmen's  Racing  League,  while  almost  every  room  in  the  club-house  is  decorated  with 
other  prizes  won  in  wheeling  contests  on  track  and  road.  The  officers  of  the  association  for  1892-93  are: 
John  Bensinger,  president;  Williard  Nellis,  vice-president;  J.  Foster,  secretary;  R.  W.  Steves,  treasurer; 
Durant  McLean,  road  captain;  Milton  H.  Phillips,  first-lieutenant;  Grant  Kenny,  second-lieutenant.  The 
membership  of  the  club  numbers  150. 

Long  Island  \Vheelmen. — This  is  the  only  wheel  club  in  this  city  that  can  boast  of  owning  its  own  club- 
house. The  club  is  the  third  wheeling  organization  on  Long  Island.  It  was  organized  on  November  23, 
1883,  and  its  club-house  is  at  128  Bedford  avenue.  The  membership  is  about  140  and  the  members  are 
familiarly  dubbed  "  the  gray  coats,"  because  of  the  gray  uniform  adopted  by  the  club.  The  officers  are: 
Charles  H.  Luscomb,  president;  John  L.  Shepard,  vice-president;  H.  F.  Pierce,  recording  secretery;  A.  H. 
Wheeler,  treasurer;   U,  Palmedo,  captain. 

Ne.\t  in  order  of  age  are  the  Prospect  Wheelmen,  who  organized  on  August  14,  1888.  There  are 
thirty-five  members  in  the  association  and  its  house  is  at  304  President  street.  The  president  is  William  T. 
•Shannon,  who  has  made  an  excellent  record  and  holds  the  club  prize  for  the  ten-mile  championship. 

.\mong  the  other  prominent  wheel  clubs  are  the  Brooklyn  Ramblers,  which  has  sixty-five  active 
members  and  a  headquarters  at  361  Flatbush  avenue.  The  Brooklyn  Roadsters  is  an  organization  of 
middle-aged  men  who  are  not  favorably  disposed  to  the  club  having  young  men  as  members.  They  are 
very  strict  on  the  Sunday  question  and  it  is  one  of  the  most  important  rules  of  the  organization  that  no 
member  may  devote  his  time  to  wheeling  on  that  day.  The  Bedford  Cycle  Club  was  founded  in  1890  and 
has  established  itself  at  308  Gates  avenue,  near  Bedford.  Its  membership  is  seventy-five.  The  Montauk 
Wheelmen,  who  have  their  headquarters  at  93  Prospect  place,  are  no  strong.  The  Bedeoru  Wheelmen, 
embership  100,  were  organized  on  January  2,  1891,  and  have  their  home  at  182  Clymer  street.  The 
Brooklyn  City  Wheelmen  took  the  place  of  the  Prospect  Harriers  Wheelmen  when  they  organized  on 
December  17,  1892.  They  began  at  once  to  plan  for  a  new  club-house,  of  which  they  could  take  possession 
in  a  few  months.  The  South  Brooklyn  Wheelmen,  Bushwick  Wheelmen,  Pioneer  Cycling  Club, 
Bedford  Y.  M.  C.  -\.  Wheelmen  and  New  Brooklyn  Wheelmen,  are  other  clubs  all  more  or  less  known 
in  the  wheeling  world.  The  most  recent  bicycle  organizations  are  the  Cleroy.men's  Cycle  Club  and  the 
Good  Roads  Ass(jcia  tion. 

YACHTING,  ROWING  AND  CANOEING. 

Marine  sports  have  increased  monthly  during  the  past  few  years  and  many  elegant  club-houses  are 
located  on  the  shore  from  Bay  Ridge  to  Gravesend  Bay,  while  the  waters  of  the  bay  probably  contain 
as  large  a  variety  and  as  numerous  a  fleet  of  racing  and  pleasure  craft  as  is  to  be  found  any  place  in  the 
world.     It   is  in  these  waters  that   the  great  yachting  races  for  the   America's  cup  have  been  held.     The 


m 


SPORTS,    ATHLETICS    AND    PASTIMES. 


^°33 


structures  that  are  used  for  club-houses  by  yachtsmen  and  oarsmen  along  the  shore  are  regal  in  their  dec- 
orations, and  embrace  property  that  represents  many  thousands  of  dollars.  Brooklyn  has  just  cause  to  be 
proud  of  its  representatives  on  the  water,  for  they  have  placed  themselves  on  record  as  being  worthy  of 
the  highest  respect  of  the  aquatic  world.  The  Varunas,  Ravenswoods,  Nautilus  and  Seawanhakas  have  all 
contributed  their  share  toward  the  supremacy  attained  by  Brooklyn  oarsmen.  They  have  gone  forth  and 
conquered  in  many  hard  fought  races  where  champions  from  the  east,  west,  north  and  south  have  tried  to 
wrest  from  them  the  laurel  wreath.  The  struggle  in  late  days  of  such  oarsmen  as  Messrs.  Quill  and  fSelger, 
the  only  double  sculls  that  ever  won  a  junior  and  senior  event  in  the  same  regatta,  is  well  known  in  aquatic 
circles,  as  are  the  racing  careers  of  such  amateurs  as  Robert  Pelton  of  Seawanhaka  fame;  P.  J.  Sharkey  and 
Messrs.  Piatt  and  Bushman  of  the  Ravenswood  Boat  Club;  George  Freeth  and  John  Hettrick  of  the  Varu- 
nas, and  others  of  equal  prominence  who  have  rowed  in  numerous  local,  inter-city,  and  national  regattas. 

The    Marine    and    Field   Club. 

The  Marine  and  Field  Club  was  evolved  from  the  old  Columbia  Boat  Club,  an  organization  famous 
at  one  time  for  its  victories  with  the  oar,  and  the  hearty  and  never-failing  good-fellowship  of  its  members 
The  new  club  was  incorporated  in  December,  1885.  F"rom  the  beginning,  the  management  of  the  club  has 
been  of  a  character  to  insure  financial  success;  and  to  the  natural  advantages  of  such  a  club  have  been 
added  an  attractive  social  element  which  draws  together  a  body  of  exceptionally  congenial  men.  Accord- 
ing to  the  constitution,  the  membership  of  the  club  was  limited  to  two  hundred  and  seventy,  with  twenty  of 
them  life  members.     That  limit  was  reached  in  the  winter  of  1891.  and  was  then  extended  to  three  hun- 


Mari.nf.  and  Field  Club  Grounds,  Bath   Beach. 

dred  and  twenty.  The  club-house  is  located  at  Bath  Beach,  in  one  of  the  most  delightful  spots  on  Gravesend 
Bay,  and  is  but  a  half-hour's  ride  from  the  city  hall;  this  site  was  purchased  immediately  after  the  incor- 
poration of  the  club.  The  grounds  consist  of  a  beautiful  tract  of  land  on  which  are  the  main  club-house, 
the  dormitory,  containing  billiard  and  wine  rooms,  which  have  the  title  of  "  Tower  Hall  ";  a  large  cottage, 
and— on  a  dock  in  front— the  boat-house.  The  dining-room  of  the  club-house  will  accommodate  one  hun- 
dred and  seventy-five  persons,  and  there  is  ample  provision  for  over  seventy  members  to  reside  in  the  club 
buildings  during  the  summer  months.  The  club  has  a  goodly  supply  of  boats,  from  a  single  shell  to  an 
eight-oared  barge;  many  of  the  members  own  yachts,  and  the  interest  in  the  marine  element  is  enhanced 
bv  rowing,  canoe  and  yacht  regattas,  besides  swimming  and  minor  aquatic  events.  In  the  field,  lawn 
tennis  is  the  popular  sport.  Inside  the  club-house  are  billiard  and  pool  tables  that  afford  opportunities 
for  frequent  tournaments,  in  which  great  interest  is  taken.  A  characteristic  of  the  club  is  the  number  oi 
wealthy  and  prominent  men  on  its  membership  rolls.     There  is  an  air  of  dignity  and  refinement  about  the 


i034 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 


place-  yet,  withal,  a  spirit  of  good-fellowship  which  draws  men  of  similar  tastes  together  and  adds  greatly 
to  the'  most  satisfactory  pleasure  of  life— congenial  society.  The  canoe  regattas. of  the  Marine  and  Field 
Club  hold  a  foremost  place  among  amateur  sporting  events;  and  the  annual  races  of  its  members  who 
patronize  this  particular  kind  of  aquatic  diversion,  excite  widespread  interest.  The  president  of  the  club  is 
Charles  A.  Deshon,  and  the  commodore  of  the  yacht  fleet  is  W.  D.  Dickey. 

Charles  A.  Deshon,  president  of  the  club,  was  born  in  New  London,  Connecticut,  in  1855,  during  a 
visit  of  his  parents  to  that  city  from  their  home  in  Mobile,  Alabama.  His  father,  who  bore  the  same  name, 
came  from  an  eld  family  of  New  London,  and  his  mother  was  a  Miss  Smoot  of  Maryland,  a  niece  of  Com- 
modore Smoot  of  the  United  States  Navy.  Mr. 
Deshon  lived  in  the  south  until  after  the  war. 
He  received  his  education  at  Washington  and 
Lee  University,  at  Lexington,  Virginia,  and  in 
1875  was  graduated  at  the  head  of  his  class, 
with  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts.  He  acted 
as  adjunct  professor  during  the  following  year, 
devoted  a  portion  of  his  time  to  reading  law, 
and  in  1876  took  a  course  at  the  Columbia 
College  Law  School.  After  two  years  of  study 
he  was  admitted  to  practice  and  became  man- 
aging clerk  for  William  Hildreth  Field,  a  part- 
ner of  Judge  Edmunds.  Subsequently  he  was 
admitted  into  partnership  with  Mr.  Field;  the 
firm  now  being  William  Hildreth  Field  & 
Deshon,  In  1888  he  married  Miss  Parsons,  a 
grand-daughter  of  Theophilus  Parsons,  pro- 
fessor of  law  in  Harvard  University.  He  was 
one  of  the  early  members,  and  at  one  time  was 
president  of  the  old  Columbia  Boat  Club,  which 
was  merged  in  the  Marine  and  Field  Club;  he 
was  one  of  the  founders  and  directors,  and  for 
one  year  the  vice-president  of  the  Southern 
Society  of  New  York.  He  is  also  a  member  of 
the  Manhattan  and  Democratic  clubs. 

William  D.  Dickey  has  served  four  years 
as  commodore  of  the  club,  and  his  yacht 
"Nautilus"  is  the  flagship  of  the  organization. 
His  profession  is  that  of  mechanical  engineer; 
and  he  is  engaged  as  the  superintendent  of 
Handren  &  Robin's  ship-yard  and  dry-dock  at  Erie  Basin,  and  of  their  engine  and  boiler  works  in  New 
York.  He  was  born  in  1852,  received  a  primary  education,  and  when  fifteen  years  old,  went  to  sea.  Pie 
spent  some  time  in  Calcutta,  India,  and  upon  his  return  went  to  Queens  College,  in  Belfast,  Ireland.  Later 
he  served  an  apprenticeship  and  learned  the  ship-building  trade  with  Harland  &:  Wolfe,  in  the  same  city. 
In  187 1  he  came  to  New  York  with  Handren  &  Robins,  with  whom  he  has  been  engaged  twenty-one  years. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  New  York  Athletic  and  the  Atlantic  Yacht  clubs,  and  a  member  of  the  American 
Society  of  Marine  Engineers.  In  addition  to  being  commodore  of  the  Marine  and  Field  Club,  he  serves  on 
the  house  committee. 

Fluent  in  speech,  convincing  in  argument,  an  acute  reasoner  in  questions  where  legal  niceties  are 
involved,  Waltkr  S.  Logan  possesses  social  gifts  that  have  long  made  him  one  of  the  most  popular  and 
prominent  members  of  the  club.  He  was  born  m  1847,  in  Washington,  Litchfield  County,  Conn.,  and  was 
graduated  from  Yale  in  the  class  of  1870,  he  studied  law  at  Harvard  and  Columbia,  and  has  received  a 
degree  from  each  of  the  three  great  universities.  He  began  his  professional  career  in  1872,  in  association 
with  James  C.  Carter,  and  engaged  with  him  and  the  late  Charles  O'Connor  in  the  celebrated  litigations 
concerning  the  title  of  the  Washington  Heights  estate  of  Madame  Jumel.  At  one  time  he  was  in  partner- 
ship with  ex-Mayor  Alfred  C.  Chapin,  his  fellow-student  at  college,  and  until  a  comparatively  recent  period 
was  associated  with  Horace  E.  Deming,  in  the  firm  of  Deming  &  Logan.  He  is  now  senior  partner  in  the 
firm  of  Logan,  Clark  iS;  Demond,  of  New  ^'ork.  His  friends  and  clients  claim  for  him  that  he  combines 
with  the  genius  of  a  good  lawyer  the  talents  of  a  successful  business  man.  He  has  large  interests  in 
Mexican  silver-mining  and  in  irrigation  in  Arizona.  He  has  mingled  in  politics  as  an  able  exponent  of 
Democratic  doctrine,  but  never  has  sacrificed  professional   duty  to  political  ambition.    He  was  one  of  the 


Charles  A.  Deshon. 


.<■/*■*.>■• 


<■/**■'• 


r'^^^^y-""' 


,j.-  '•/,•  I' 


^oJgx:  a 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 


Arthur  Hurst. 


founders  of  the  Reform,  Denincratic  and  Lawyers' clubs  of  New  York;  he  is  a  member  of  the  Manhattan 
and  Lotus  clubs,  and  of  the  Hamilton,  Crescent  Athletic,  and  Marine  and  Field  clubs  of  Brooklyn.  He  is  an 
ideal  club-man  and    entertains   lavishly  when   occasion   demands. 

Henry  D.  Norris  is  identified  with  club  life  in  Brooklyn  by  membership  in  several  of  the  best  known 
organizations  in  the  city,  and  is  almost  as  well  known  in  New  York,  where  he  holds  membership  in  the 
Manhattan  Athletic  Club.     Li  Brooklyn  he  is  identified  with   the   Marine  and    Field,  and   Montauk   clubs. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Thompson  &  Norris,  Brooklyn,  and  is  engaged 
in  the  manufacture  of  corrugated  paper  and  granulated  cork.  Born  in  New 
York,  he  was  after  reaching  the  age  of  si.xteen  years  engaged  in  various  em- 
ployments until  1863,  when  he  enlisted  in  the  Llnion  anny  and  served  until 
1865,  as  chief  clerk  of  a  commissary  department.  After  this  e.xperience  he 
began  a  provision  business  on  his  own  account  in  New  York  and  con- 
tinued therein  until  1878,  when  he  started  in  his  present  enterprise. 

The  club  has  no  more  devoted  and  enthusiastic  member  than  Arthur 
HuRST,  who  frequently  seeks  there  necessary  relaxation  from  the  cares 
and  worry  incidental  to  professional  life.  He  was  born  in  Brooklyn  in 
1858,  and  at  an  early  age  began  his  studies  at  public  school  No.  11,  but 
soon  left  there  to  enter  the  Brooklyn  Collegiate  and  Polytechnic  Li- 
stitute,  where  he  was  graduated  in  1876.  Then  he  entered  Harvard 
University  and  was  graduated  in  the  class  of  1880.  Following  this, 
he  devoted  two  years  to  the  study  of  law  in  the  office  of  his  father, 
Lewis  Hurst,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1882.  He  is  engaged  in 
business  with  his  father,  who  is  among  the  oldest  members  of  the  legal 
profession  in  New  York  city,  his  practice  extending  back  over  nearly 
half  a  century.  Mr.  Hurst  is  especially  fond  of  canoeing,  and  he  and  William  S.  Elliott  were  the  first  mem- 
bers of  the  club  to  interest  themselves  in  the  organization  of  the  canoeing  department  which  has  now 
become  such  a  prominent  feature  of  the  club. 

W.  G.  Hennessy,  who  has  been  a  member  of  the  club  since  1889,  is  a  man  whose  varied  club  connec- 
tions might  be  an  index  to  the  variety  that  has  spiced  his  life  since  he  was  born  in  Broome  street,  New  York, 
in  1849.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Arion  Society,  the  Terrace  Bowling,  the  Harlem  Democratic  and  the 
Sagamore  clubs,  all  of  New  York.  He  is  a  lawyer  and  has  been  a  member  of  the  New  York  bar  eight  years. 
His  father  was  a  native  of  Ireland  and  came  to  America  in  1837.  The  son  attended  the  public  schools  in 
New  York,  and  also  passed  three  years  in  study  at  Heidelberg,  Germany.  His  law  studies  were  pursued 
at  the  Columbia  Law  School.  He  has  found  time  to  spend  eight  years  at  sea,  and  he  has  also  had  some 
experience  in  government  service,  having  been  employed  for 
a  time  in  the  New  York  post  ofiice.  As  a  lawyer  he  has  an  alto- 
gether satisfactory  practice;  in  society  he  is  whole-souled  and 
liberal;  in  politics  he  is  a  staunch  Democrat. 

Raymond  Jenkins,  son  of  Charles  Jenkins  of  Monroe  place, 
Brooklyn,  one  of  the  older  members  of  the  club,  is  the  vice- 
president  of  the  East  River  National  Bank  of  New  York,  and  is 
well  known  in  financial  fields.  Brooklyn  is  his  native  place  and 
he  has  resided  here  the  greater  part  of  his  life.  He  was 
born  in  1843,  and  after  attending  Boursaud's  school  on  Remsen 
street  for  a  brief  period  he  was  sent  to  Paris,  where  he  pursued 
his  studies  four  years,  and  upon  his  return  finished  by  a  one 
year's  course  at  the  Polytechnic  Institute.  Prompted  by  a 
desire  for  travel  and  adventure,  he  sailed  for  South  America 
and  landed  at  Buenos  Ayres  in  the  Argentine  Republic.  After 
remaining  there  for  a  time  he  passed  safely  through  the 
perils  and  exposures  of  a  journey  by  stage  coach  and  mules 
across  the  Andes  to  Santiago,  Chili,  over  the  same  route  now 
followed  by  rail.  His  trip  homeward  was  made  via  the  west 
coast  of  South  America,  Peru  and  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  oc- 
cupying a  year.  Upon  returning  to  Brooklyn  he  went  into 
the  East  River  National  Bank;  later,  he  spent  several  years  on 
the  prairies  of  the  far  west  and  in  Europe,  in  the  interests  of 
a  large  cattle-raising  business.  For  several  years  past  he  has 
filled  the  position  of  vice-president  of  the  same  bank  in  which  Raymond  Jenkins. 


SPORTS,    ATHLETICS    AND    PASTIMES.  1037 

he  was  formerly  clerk  and  bookkeeper.  He  is  liked  and  respected  among  those  with  whom  he  associates 
socially.  For  many  years  he  was  a  director  and  filled  the  positions  of  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Brook- 
lyn Library,  and  his  name  is  to  be  found  on  the  membership  lists  of  several  other  organizations. 

William  F.  Ford,  who  has  been  a  member  of  the  club  since  1S88,  is  a  native  of  Louisiana 
and  was  born  at  Paincourtville  in  1853;  he  spent  his  boyhood  abroad.  He  went  to  England  in  1857, 
and  at  the  various  private  schools  of  England  and  Ireland  received  his  early  education.  Ten  years  later 
he  returned  to  his  native  state  and  continued  his  studies  there  at  private  schools  until  1870,  when 
he  made  his  first  business  venture  as  second  overseer  on  a  Louisiana  plantation.  When  he  was  twenty 
years  of  age  he  came  to  New  York  and  entered  the  establishment  of  A.  T.  Stewart.  The  first  step  towards 
his  present  enterprise  was  taken  when  he  became  a  clerk  in  the  employ  of  James  Macbeth,  a  dealer  in  oil. 
In  1885  he  established  the  firm  of  Clarkson  &  Ford  of  New  York.  In  1879  he  married  Miss  Carrie  Mcln- 
tyre  of  Staten  Island.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Brooklyn  Club. 

James  F.  Mallett,  was  one  of  the  incorporators  of  the  club  and  is  a  wide-awake  member.  He  came  to 
Brooklyn  in  1869  from  North  Carolina,  where  he  was  born  in  1858.  For  a  short  time  he  attended  the  pub- 
lic schools  and  the  old  Trinity  school  until  he  left  his  studies  to  begin  a  life  of  business.  Beginning  as  a 
clerk  in  the  office  of  J.  T.  Murray  &  Co.,  of  New  York,  he  made  himself  familiar  with  business  methods  in 

connection  with  the  cotton  trade,  and  afterwards  became  a  clerk  in  the  office 
of  B.  R.  Smith  &  Co.  In  1880  he  went  to  Little  Rock,  Ark.,  in  the  interest 
of  the  Liverpool  and  Eastern  Mills,  for  which  he  purchased  cotton.  He 
represented  those  mills  four  years  and  returning  to  his  home  here  he  en- 
gaged in  the  warehousing  business  with  his  father.  Colonel  Peter  Mallett, 
in  the  firm  of  Peter  Mallett  &  Co.,  New  York. 

Edwin  C.  Lockwood,  one  of  the  charter  members  of  the  club,  is  well 
known  and  popular  as  a  clubman,  and  has  long  been  a  prominent  society 
man  of  Brooklyn.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Crescent  Athletic 
Club,  has  been  a  member  of  the  Excelsior  Club  since  1868  and  for  twelve 
years  was  an  active  member  of  the  Alcyone  Boat  Club,  and  was  enrolled 
as  a  life  member  until  it  was  merged  into  the  Crescent  Athletic  Club.  He 
is  the  son  of  the  Rev.  Clark  Lockwood,  now  of  Brooklyn,  but  formerly  of 
Michigan;  in  which  state  Edwin  Lockwood  was  born  in  1849.  He  came 
to  New  York  in  1864,  and  made  his  residence  in  Brooklyn.  For  three  or 
four  years  he  was  a  pupil  at  the  Long  Island  public  schools  and  then  turned 

his  attention  to  finance.     He  entered  the  establishment  of  Cieorge  S.  Rob- 
Edwin  C.   Lockwood.  i  •         o    r.  i         ,  11  r    th    1       n  o    ^ 

bins  &  sons,  and  subsequently  that  of  Blake  Bros.  &  Co.  He  ne.xt  spent 
some  time  in  the  employ  of  F.  P.  Olcott,  president  of  the  Central  Trust  Company,  with  whom  he  remained 
until  he  closed  his  career  as  an  employee,  thus  spending  thirteen  years  in  Wall  street.  After  leaving  Mr. 
Olcott,  he  engaged  in  business  for  himself  as  a  manufacturing  stationer  in  New  York. 

Jltnius  a.  Clifton  at  one  time  held  membership  in  the  Oxford,  Lincoln  and  Riding  and  Driving  clubs; 
he  has  resigned  from  all  of  them  on  account  of  exacting  business  engagements,  but  continues  his  connection 
with  the  Marine  and  Field.  He  is  engaged  in  business  in  New  York,  as  an  equal  ]3artner  in  the  firm  of 
Aldrich,  Iddings  &  Clifton.  He  was  born  in  Baltimore,  Maryland,  on  January  5,  1830.  At  the  age  of 
nine  he  entered  St.  Mary's  College  and  two  years  later  went  to  Georgetown,  D.  C.  He  remained  at  this 
college,  however,  only  two  years  and  then  entered  a  store.  In  his  twenty-fourth  year  he  became  a  clerk 
with  the  firm  of  Loney,  Townsend  &  Loney  in  Baltimore,  and  when  in  1862  they  opened  a  branch  store  in 
New  York,  he  came  to  that  city  in  their  employ.  This  firm  dissolved  in  1865,  and  the  firm  of  which  he  is 
now  a  member  was  then  inaugurated.  In  1856  he  married  the  daughter  of  the  late  Commodore  John  J. 
Young  of  the  United  States  navy. 

For  years  George  H.  Riplev  has  been  recognized  as  a  patron  of  athletic  sports  in  Brooklyn.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Alcyone  Boat  Club,  and  the  Marine  and  Field  Club  has  carried  his  name  on  its  membership 
rolls  several  years.  He  was  born  on  Brooklyn  Heights  in  1848,  his  parents  having  come  to  Brooklyn  from 
Worcester  County,  Mass.  He  was  graduated  at  the  Polytechnic  Institute  in  1864,  and  began  his  business  life 
as  a  clerk.  In  1888,  he  was  employed  as  a  confidential  clerk  in  the  office  of  the  Home  Life  Insurance  Com- 
pany, and  after  serving  as  secretary  and  vice-president,  he  was  on  May  i,  1892,  made  the  president  of  the 
company.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Hamilton  and  Riding  and  Driving  clubs,  of  the  Society  of  the  Sons 
of  the  Revolution  and  of  the  Lotus  Club  of  New  York. 

Henry  Earle  is  a  descendant  of  the  Puritans  of  New  England  and  was  born  in  Providence,  Rhode 
Island,  but  since  1865  has  resided  in  Brooklyn,  where  he  has  been  identified  with  the  city's  advancement 
and  prosperity.  He  was  engaged  fifteen  years  in  the  banking  and  brokerage  business  in  New  York  city 
and,  during  that  period,  was  a  prominent  member  of  the  New  York  Stock  Exchange.     In   1885  he  entered 


1038 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 


into  a  co-partnership  with  his  brothers,  and  has  since  devoted  his  attention  exclusively  to  trade  in  crude 
rubber.  The  firm  is  known  as  Earle  brothers,  and  has  headquarters  in  New  York.  He  was  one  of  the 
pioneer  members  of  the  Young  Republican  Club,  and  served  on  the  memorable  "Brooklyn  Committee  of 
One  Hundred  "  in  the  presidential  campaign  of  1884.  Soon  after  locating  in  Brooklyn  he  became  active  in 
various  social  and  aquatic  organizations.  He  was  for  many  years  president  of  the  old  Nassau  Club,  filled 
the  same  position  in  the  Nereid  Boat  Club,  and  is  one  of  the  early  members  of  the  Brooklyn  and  Crescent 
Athletic  clubs.  He  is  also  one  of  the  council  of  the  New  England  Society.  In  1874  he  married  Miss  Alice 
Morse  of  Worcester,  Massachusetts,  who  has  met  with  flattering  success  in  literary  work.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Earle  have  a  handsome  home  at  242  Henry  street. 

S.  A.  L.A.THROP,  who  has  been  a  member  of  the  club  since  1890,  though  not  now  a  resident  of  Brook- 
lyn, was  for  a  number  of  years  president  of  the  Citizens'  Gas  Company  and  held  this  office  until  he  resigned 
on  July  5,  1892,  when  he  was  made  vice-president.  He  was  born  in  1846  at  Oswego,  N.  Y.  He  was  edu- 
cated at  public  and  private  schools  and  completed  his  classical  training  at  the  high  school  in  his  native 
town.  He  commenced  business  as  a  clerk  for  his  father,  who  was  engaged  in  the  banking  business,  but  at 
the  close  of  two  years'  service  in  this  capacity  he  entered  the  employ  of  the  New  York  &  Oswego  Mid- 
land Railroad,  now  organized  as  the  New  York,  Ontario  &  Western  Railroad,  and  in  a  period  of  fifteen 
years  passed  through  the  grades  of  cashier,  treasurer  and  auditor.  He  afterwards  became  secretary  of  the 
Utica  &  Black  River  Railroad,  and  remained  with  that  corporation  about  five  years.  He  is  a  veteran  of 
the  National  Guard,  having  served  for  eight  years  in  the  7th  Regiment.  He  is  a  member  of  the  St.  Nich- 
olas Club  of  New  York  and  of  the  Oswego  Yacht  Club. 

In  the  days  when  the  Columbia  Boat  Club  was  a  flourishing  institution  William  J.  Bruff  was  one  of 
its  active  members,  and  when  the  club  was  merged  into  the  Marine  and  Field  Club  he  became  a  charter 
member  of  that  organization.  He  is  treasurer  of  the  house  committee  of  the  club  and  a  member  of  the 
board  of  directors.  He  was  born  in  New  York,  on  November  21,  1854,  and  received  his  education  at  the 
Brooklyn  Polytechnic  Institute.  After  filling  various  minor  situations,  he  became  the  manager  of  the 
Hartley  &  Graham  Fire  Arms  and  Ammunition  Company,  of  New  York,  his  present  employment.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  Hamilt:)n  Club,  the  Greenwood  Association,  of  Brooklyn;  and  the  Manhattan  Athletic 
Club,  of  New  York. 

H.  H  HoGiNS,  without  being  what  might  properly  be  called  an  active  club-man,  is  a  member  of  two  organ- 
izations besides  the  Marine  and  Field  Club — the  Hamilton,  and  Atlantic  Yacht  clubs.  In  the  last-named 
he  held  the  office  of  commodore  three  terms.  He  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  in  April,  1845,  was  educated  in  the 
west,  but  since  i860  has  resided  in  Brooklyn.  Entering  the  office  of  Degen  &  Taft,  merchandise  brokers, 
of  New  York,  in  1862,  he  has  risen  from  the  position  of  clerk  to  the  head  of  the  firm,  which  is  now  styled 
Hogins  &  Lee.  For  a  number  of  years  he  was  connected  with  the  National  Guard  and  was  captain  of  com- 
pany K  when  he  retired  from  the  23d  Regiment;  he  is  now  a  member  of  the  company  veteran  association 
and  was  its  first  president. 

Herhert  W.  Cowing  has  contributed  materially  to  the  prosperity  of  the  club  as  secretary  of  the 
house  committee  and  chairman  of  the  membership  committee.  He  was  born  in  Connecticut,  in  185 1,  and 
educated  in  the  Brooklyn  Polytechnic  Institute,  from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1867.  Soon  after  leaving 
school  he  entered  the  employ  of  David  Dows  &  Co.,  with  which  firm  he  remained  in  various  capacities  fif- 
teen years.  Upon  leaving  that  house  he  formed  the  flour  and  grain  commission  firm  of  Cowing  &  Roberts,  in 
New  York  city.     He  is  an  enthusiastic  member  of  the  Young  Republican  Club. 

WiLLi.AM  R.  Porter,  besides  being  a  member  of  the  Marine  and  Field,  is  one  of  the  members  of  the 
Hamilton  Club  and  of  the  Long  Island  Historical  Society.  Being  a  bachelor,  he  makes  his  home  with  his 
father  at  42  Sands  street,  where  he  was  born  in  1847;  his  education  was  acquired  at  the  Polytechnic  Insti- 
tute, which  he  left  in  1864,  and  began  his  business  career  in  the  mercantile  house  established  by  his  father 
about  fifty  years  ago.     Both  father  and  son  have  been  eminently  successful  in  the  business  world. 

Wii.Li.AM  C.  How.\ri)  has  been  a  member  of  the  club  since  1890.  He  was  born  in  Connecticut,  during  a 
temporary  residence  of  his  parents  in  that  state,  and  was  graduated  from  the  Polytechnic  Institute.  He  is 
president  of  the  Standard  Brush  Company,  the  successor  to  the  old  fancy  goods  house  of  Howard,  Sanger  & 
Co.  For  many  years  he  was  a  prominent  member  of  the  23d  Regiment,  and  first  sergeant  of  Company  A. 
An  officer's  commission  was  frequently  offered  him,  but  he  invaribly  declined  it.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
E.xcelsior  Club. 

Atlantic  Yacht  Cluh. — It  was  in  1857  that  the  Brooklyn  Yacht  Club  was  formed.  About  ten  years 
later  there  occurred  a  division  which  resulted  in  the  formation  of  a  new  organization  under  the  name  of  the 
Atlantic  Yacht  Club.  The  seceders  were  incorporated  in  1866,  and  since  then  they  have  continued  to  pros- 
per until  they  are  now  among  the  leaders  of  aquatic  sports.  The  club  had  its  first  quarters  at  the  foot  of 
Court  street;  but  this  place  gradually  became  unsuitable  and  better  quarters  were  sought  and  found  at  the 


SPORTS,    ATHLETICS    AND    PASTIMES.  1039 

foot  of  Fifty-fifth  street,  on  the  Bay  Ridge  shore.  There,  situated  on  the  bkiff,  was  found  an  old  Dutch 
farm-house,  a  portion  of  the  Bergen  estate,  which  when  remodelled  served  as  a  club-house  for  the  yachts- 
men for  several  years.  TJie  site  proved  pleasing  to  the  members  and  in  1890  there  was  erected  to  replace 
the  original  structure^  one  of  the  brightest  and  cosiest  club-houses  of  all  that  stand  on  the  shores  of  New 
York  Bay.  The  house  is  in  Queen  Anne  style,  with  gables,  towers  and  overhanging  roof.  Built  of  wood, 
the  outside  is  painted  in  dark  tones,  a  dull  green  predominating.  It  is  of  generous  proportions  and  about 
three  sides  there  runs  a  veranda,  the  roof  of  which  is  an  extension  of  the  roof  of  the  main  building;  in 
addition  to  these  piazzas  a  large  space  in  front  is  floored  over,  extending  to  the  outer  bulkhead  of  the 
breakwater  and  providing  a  promenade  much  enjoyed  on  warm  summer  evenings.  There  are  at  present 
about  three  hundred  names  on  the  rolls.  In  the  fleet  owned  by  the  members  are  thirty-three  schooners, 
eighty-six  sloops,  twenty-five  cat-rigged  boats  and  twenty-four  steam-yachts.  The  officers  of  the  club  are: 
David  Banks,  commodore;  William  Lewis  Moore,  vice-commodore;  George  H.  Church,  secretary;  H.  C. 
Wintringham,  treasurer;  Henry  J.  Gielon,  measurer;  George  H.  Church,  fleet-captain. 

The  Canarsie  Yacht  Cluh  was  organized  in  April,  1886,  and  its  first  regatta  was  held  on  Decoration 
Day  of  that  year.  It  was  held  annually  on  that  day  till  1892,  when  it  was  postponed  until  Saturday,  June  4, 
on  which  day  their  new  club-house  at  Canarsie  was  formally  opened.  In  May,  1891,  the  club  numbered  fifty- 
six  members.  The  club  has  never  had  an  official  cruise.  It  is  a  member  of  the  National  Yacht  Racing 
Association  and  its  commodore,  Israel  F.  Fischer,  is  one  of  the  executive  committee  of  that  body. 

The  Brooklyn  Yacht  Club  has  its  house  on  Gravesend  Bay  and  numbers  among  its  fleet  some 
sprightly  craft.  The  officers  of  the  club  are:  B.  F.  Sutton,  commodore;  John  Cottier,  vice-commodore;  R. 
L.  Townsend,  rear  commodore;  Daniel  O'Reilly,  president;  William  Cagger,  secretary  and  H.  W.  Kil- 
bourne,  measurer. 

Other  local  yacht-clubs  are  the  Excelsior,  Louis  Lawson,  commodore,  with  a  club-house  at  the  foot  of 
Forty-third  street;  the  C(jronet,  with  headquarters  at  Fifth  avenue,  corner  of  Twenty-second  street,  H. 
H.  Webb,  commodore;  the  Bensonhurst,  club-house  at  Bath  Beach,  R.  H.  Sherwood,  commodore;  and 
the  Olympic,  house  at  Erie  Basin,  Robert  Dugan,  commodore. 

There  are  a  number  of  other  yachting  organizations  which  have  no  local  club-house,  but  whose  names 
are  familiar  to  the  yachting  fraternity,  and  whose  club-events  and  open  competitions  help  in  a  great  meas- 
ure to  make  the  yachting  season  lively.  Among  them  are  the  Corinthian  Navy,  Long  Island  squadron, 
generally  sailed  in  August;  the  Douglaston  Club  regatta,  which  is  held  at  Little  Neck  Bay,  L.  I.;  the 
Great  South  Bay  Club  races;  the  Harlem  Club  annual  regatta  on  Flushing  Bay  on  Decoration  Day; 
Jamaica  Bay  races,  commonly  known  as  the  Broad  Channel  regatta;  the  Hempstead  Club's  regattas;  the 
Larchmont  Club's  spring,  summer,  and  fall  regattas;  the  Massapequa  Club;  the  New  York  Club  regatta; 
the  Oyster  Bay  Club  regatta;  the  Seawanhaka-Corinthian  Yacht  Club  regattas,  and  finally,  but  by  no  means 
the  least,  the  New  York  Yacht  Racing  Association  clubs'  sails  and  regattas,  in  which  the  vessels  of  the 
following  yachting  organizations  are  eligible  to  compete:  Bayswater  Yacht  Club,  Brooklyn  Yacht  Club, 
Canarsie  Yacht  Club,  Columbia  Yacht  Club,  Flarlem  Yacht  Club,  Hudson  River  Yacht  Club,  Indian  Harbor 
Yacht  Club,  Jersey  City  Yacht  Club,  Kill  von  Kull  Yacht  Club,  Newark  Yacht  Club,  Newark  Bay  Yacht 
Club,  New  Jersey  Yacht  Club,  North  Shrewsbury  Yacht  Club,  Oceanic  Yacht  Club,  Pavonia  Yacht  Club, 
Staten  Island  Athletic  Club,  Tappan  Zee  Yacht  Club,  Williamsburgh  Yacht  Club  and  Yonkers  Corinthian 
Yacht  Club. 

Long  Island  has  a  number  of  exellent  rowing  organizations  scattered  along  its  shore  and  the  pick 
and  flower  of  oarsmen  are  among  the  representatives  of  the  local  organizations. 

The  reputation  of  the  Varuna  Boat  Club  on  the  water  has  been  maintained  in  contests  with  worthy 
antagonists.  There  are  few  memorable  regattas  in  the  Eastern  states  in  which  the  blue  and  gray  insignia 
of  the  club  fail  to  bear  an  honorable  and  conspicuous  share.  As  a  training-school  for  general  athletes  also 
the  organization  has  become  famous.  It  produces  the  best  sparrers  and  wrestlers,  its  tug-of-war  team  has 
captured  prize  after  prize,  and  its  ball  nine  and  football  eleven  have  both  achieved  noteworthy  successes. 
The  annual  championship  boxing  tournament  of  the  Varuna  probably  awakens  more  general  interest  in 
Brooklyn  than  any  other  similar  event.  The  club  was  organized  on  March  29,  1875.  In  1877  property 
was  acquired  at  the  foot  of  Fifty-eighth  street,  not  far  inside  the  city  limits,  and  there  the  boat-house  of 
the  club  was  built.  The  officers  of  the  club  are:  president.  Dr.  E.  T.  Rippier;  vice-president,  J.  W.  Reid; 
secretary,  F.  G.  Leonard;  treasurer,  Henry  Manne;  captain,  James  G.  Tighe. 

The  Pioneer  Boat  Club  is  the  oldest  of  all  local  rowing  clubs,  having  been  organized  on  March  17, 
1861.  Its  regattas  have  for  years  attracted  large  crowds.  The  officers  are  J.  S.  Shepherd,  president;  G.  A. 
Wingate,  secretary;  D.  N.  Maxon,  captain. 

The  Nautilus  Boat  Club,  which  was  organized  by  members  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Asso- 
ciation, in  1883,  has  made  an  excellent  record  and  won  several  trophies.  In  the  fall  of  1892  the  house  of 
the  club,  at  the  foot  of  Fifty-sixth  street,  was  destroyed  by  fire,  but  the  energetic  members  at   once  made 


^0^0  THE    EAGLE   AND    BROOKLYN. 

plans  and  arran.tjements  for  a  new  and  superior  structure.  The  officers  of  this  organization  are:  J.  B. 
Phillips,  president;   J.  A.  K.  Ward,  secretary;   W.  H.  Holden,  captain. 

The  Sii.AW  ANHAKA  HoAT  Ci.UB  Has  its  house  at  the  foot  of  South  Tenth  street,  in  the  Eastern  Dis- 
trict, and  has  won  a  reputation  for  proficient  oarsmen  in  many  exciting  races.  The  club  has  a  club-house 
at  504  Bedford  avenue.  The  officers  are:  Cyrus  C.  Blaisdell,  president;  James  E.  Teed,  secretary;  Oscar 
Knapp,  treasurer;  Joseph  Totten,  captain. 

The  Nameless  Boat  Club  has  a  number  of  lusty  and  skilful  oarsmen  in  its  ranks.  Its  boat-house  is  at 
the  foot  of  Fifty-si,\th  street  and  its  officers  are:  T.  M.  Haggerty,  president;  G.  Brotzmann,  secretary;  G. 
Patti,  captain. 

The  Long  Island  A.mateur  Rowing  Association,  organized  in  1891,  includes  in  its  membership  a 
number  of  the  local  clubs  and  several  organizations  which  have  houses  at  different  places  on  the  Long 
Island  shores.     The  officers  of  the  association  are:  H.  L.  Langhaar,  president;  and  R.  H.  Pelton,  secretary. 

ATHLETIC  CLUBS. 

On  the  athletic  field  the  muscle  and  brawn  of  local  talent  have  earned  the  highest  honors  to  be  secured, 
and  have  made  track  and  field  sports,  in  all  their  various  branches,  the  most  popular  and  interesting  exer- 
cises of  modern  times.  Some  of  the  men  who  have  placed  their  names  on  the  escutcheon  of  fame  had  the 
opportunity  of  seeing  their  record  of  performance  stand  on  the  record  tables  for  a  number  of  years,  and 
that  in  the  face  of  increased  competition  and  interest  in  games  and  improved  tracks,  where  new  methods  of 
training,  timing,  etc.,  are  in  vogue.  It  is  only  necessary  to  mention  a  few  of  those  who  have  made  high 
marks  on  the  athletic  score  board,  to  illustrate  the  high  standard  athletics  have  arrived  at  in  this  country, 
such  as  Frank  P.  Murray,  ex-amateur  champion  heel  and  toe  pedestrian;  Malcolm  W.  Ford,  the  chief  in  all 
the  all-round-athletics;  W.  Craig  Wilmer,  the  sprinter;  Mortimer  Remington,  who  defeated  some  of  the  best 
amateur  runners  of  England,  Germany,  and  France,  as  well  as  his  own  countrymen;  ex-champions  Robert 
Pritchard  and  Alvah  Nickerson,  both  of  whom  have  cleared  over  six  feet  in  running  high  jumping  con- 
tests; Burt  Johnson,  the  swimmer,  and  other  celebrated  athletes  of  the  present,  who  although  they  in  many 
instances  represent  such  powerful  athletic  clubs  as  the  New  York  or  Manhattan,  are  nevertheless  Brooklyn- 
ites.  During  the  season  of  1892  a  reaction  set  in  and  athletics  seemed  to  have  come  to  a  stand-still.  Games 
and  meetings  were  poorly  patronized  and  financial  losses  were  numerous.  This  was  a  peculiar  phase  of  the 
ups  and  downs  of  national  sports  in  this  country,  which  is  surprising  and  almost  inexplicable.  In  the 
palmy  days  of  the  old  Williamsburg  Athletic  Association,  the  wearers  of  the  old  gold  and  blue  could  hold 
their  own  in  competitions  with  the  finest  athletes  in  the  land.  F^om  a  humble  beginning,  the  famous  old 
Williamsburg  Club  branched  out  into  a  powerful  organization.  The  club  had  splendid  location,  a  roomy 
club-house,  a  separate  gymnasium  building,  large  bowling  alleys,  a  five-lap  cinder  track  and  an  athletic  field 
complete  in  every  detail.  For  several  years  the  organization,  or  rather  the  Brooklyn  Athletic  Association, 
which  superseded  it  in  1886,  flourished.  Then  came  a  disastrous  period  of  club  dissension  and  a  clash 
between  the  athletic  and  social  elements,  differences  of  opinion  among  the  members  and  officers  of  the  club, 
and  finally,  disorganization.  It  went  out  of  existence  in  1888.  Sketches  follow  of  the  chief  organizations 
now  flourishing. 

The  Acorn  Athletic  Association  has  its  headquarters  on  Fifth  avenue,  between  Union  and  Pres- 
ident streets,  and  a  most  complete  and  extensive  gymnasium,  including  a  large  swimming  tank,  shower 
baths,  billiard  and  pool  tables,  ladies'  and  reception  parlors,  etc.  It  has  athletic  grounds,  with  an  eight- 
lap  cinder  track  at  Second  avenue  and  Fifty-sixth  street.  The  club  numbers  among  its  members  Frank  P. 
Murray,  the  world's  champion  amateur  heel  and  toe  walker;  Mortimer  Remington,  who  made  such  a  fine 
record  in  F^ngland  and  France  under  the  "  cherry-diamond  "  colors;  J.  R.  Edwards,  of  sprinting  fame; 
Arthur  Cahil,  the  individual  champion  tug-of-wars-man,  and  a  number  of  other  prominent  performers  in  the 
athletic  world.  The  membership  of  the  club  is  about  250.  The  officers  are:  M.  A.  Cuming,  president;  M. 
F".  Delaney,  secretary  and  W.  J.  Ward,  treasurer. 

The  Acme  Athletic  Club  was  organized  on  May  10,  1883.  Its  club-house  is  at  41  Sumner  avenue 
and  its  officers  are:  C.  Dithloff,  president;  H.  Menkel,  vice-president;  C.  Munk,  treasurer  and  Thomas 
Short,  secretary. 

The  AoELEHi  Athletic  Association  is  an  organization  of  about  150  students  of  the  Adelphi  Academy. 
The  club  has  no  house  and  holds  its  annual  games  on  various  fields.  The  officers  are:  W.  W.  Wager,  presi- 
dent; F.  H.  Munson,  vice-president;  F.  P.  Edgar  secretary  and  E.  R.  Pfarre,  treasurer. 

The  Arcadia  Athletic  Association  was  organized  on  February  6,  1892.  It  has  only  ten  members 
but  has  an  excellent  piece  of  club  property  on  Putnam  near  Reid  avenues,  equipped  as  a  first-class  club- 
house.    Each  month  a   series  of   athletic  and   specialty  entertainments  is  given  in  the  club-house.     The 


SPORTS,   ATHLETICS    AND    PASTIMES. 


1041 


present  officers  are  Thomas  F.  Riley,  president  ;  William  H.  Allen,  vice-president  ;  John  J.  Riley,  secretary 
and  Carl  H.  Furgang,  treasurer. 

The  Brighton  Athletic  Club.  This  club  has  made  a  name  for  itself  through  an  excellent  baseball 
team,  a  cross  country  team  and  good  athletes  and  boxers.  The  club  was  organized  on  September  27,  1SS6  ; 
it  possesses  a  club-house  at  133  New  Jersey  avenue,  in  the  twenty-sixth  ward,  and  is  a  thriving  organization. 
The  officers  are:  William  H.  Cox,  president;  Harry  ¥.  Spencer,  vice-president;  Charles  J.  Bowling,  record- 
ing secretary;  Frank  G.  Mauchers,  financial  secretary,  and  Frank  Rhodes,  treasurer. 

The  Athletic  teams  of  the  Brooklyn  Y.  M.  C.  A.  have  made  an  excellent  record.  The  football  team 
has  won  out-of-town  victories;  the  Bedford  Branch  team  won  the  New  York  State  all-round  athletic  cham- 
pionship banner  by  victories  in  both  1891  and  1892;  and  other  branches  have  provision  for  various  sports. 

One  of  the  youngest  organizations  of  its  kind  in  the  country  is  the  Coney  Island  Athletic  Club,  its 
articles  of  incorporation  having  been  filed  in  the  spring  of  1892.  Yet  during  the  brief  period  it  has  been  in 
existence,  its  managers  have  succeeded  in  placing  it  in  the  very  front  rank  of  athletic  organizations,  not 
only  with  respect  to  the  manner  in  which   it  has   catered  to  the  public,  but   also   in  a  financial  way.     Its 


Coney  Island  .'\tiiletic  Clue  House,  West  Brighton. 

capital  stock  amounts  to  $50,000,  every  dollar  of  which  has  been  paid  in;  and  the  exhibitions  of  skill  in  the 
pugilistic  art  which  have  been  given  under  its  auspices  have  been  of  the  highest  character.  In  the  matter 
of  offering  purses  the  club  has  been  most  liberal,  and  this  has  been  instrumental  in  no  small  degree  in 
attracting  to  its  quarters  the  very  best  exponents  of  the  pugilistic  art.  The  club  is  composed  of  two 
classes  of  members,  active  and  associate;  the  latter  having  no  voice  in  the  management  of  affairs,  while 
their  enjoyment  of  the  club's  privileges  is  confined  to  certain  occasions  specified  in  the  by-laws.  Contem- 
poraneously with  the  incorporation  of  the  club,  Paul  Bauer's  Casino  at  West  Brighton  was  secured  and  that 
is  its  headquarters  now.  The  services  of  a  local  architect  who  knew  exactly  what  was  requisite  were  called 
into  play,  and  the  whole  aspect  of  the  interior  of  the  old  Casino  was  transformed.  The  building  will  com- 
fortably accommodate  not  far  from  seven  thousand  people,  and  abundant  illumination  is  furnished  by  numer- 
ous electric  arc  lights.  The  private  quarters  of  the  club  are  cosy  and  comfortable  and  are  handsomely  fur- 
nished.    The  present  oiificers  are:  John  W.  Murphy,  president;  David  T.  Dunn,  secretary  and  treasurer. 

On  track,  turf,  field,  and  water,  the  Crescent  Athletic  Club  has  made  a  splendid  record,  and  as  a 
social  organization  has  come  to  be  considered  one  of  the  foremost  in  the  city.  It  had  its  origin  in  a 
football  club,  composed  principally  of  college  men,  organized  in  1884  by  William  H.  Ford,  then  a  re- 
cent graduate  of  Yale,  and  the  members  carried  the  emblem  of  the  young  organization  to  victory  in 
many  a  hard  fought  battle  on  the  football  field.  In  the  spring  of  1886,  the  membership  of  the  club  had 
increased  to  fifty-five,  and  it  was  then  decided   to  organize  a  regular  athletic  club  into  which  the  football 


1042 


THE    EAGLE    AND   BROOKLYN. 


club  should  be  merged.  This  was  done,  and  grounds  were  leased  at  the  corner  of  Ninth  avenue  and  Ninth 
street.  In  February,  i88S,  the  club  was  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  York.  In  the 
spring  of  18S9,  the  trustees  of  the  Crescent  Club  entered  into  a  formal  agreement  with  the  Nereid  Boat  Club 
for  consolidation.  By  the  terms  of  the  agreement  the  Crescent  Club  became  the  owner  of  all  the  property 
of  the  boat  club  and  assumed  its  liabilities.  In  May,  1889,  negotiations  were  entered  into  with  the  old  Van 
Brant  and  Bergen  estates  for  the  purchase  of  a  large  tract  of  property  in  Bay  Ridge.  The  property 
extends  from  Eighty-third  street  to  Eighty-fifth  street,  and  from  the  shore  road,  overlooking  the  bay,  to 
First  avenue.  Late  in  the  fall  of  1891,  work  was  begun  on  the  construction  of  a  new  club  home,  and  on 
Decoration  Day  the  members  had  the  pleasure  of  opening  their  fine  $80,000  club-house,  and  over  five 
thousand  prominent  Brooklynites  enjoyed  the  Crescent's  hospitality.  The  history  of  athletics  in  the  Cres- 
cent Club  is  a  brilliant  record  of  triumphs.     The   football  eleven  has   captured   the  championship   of  the 


COU.NTKV     lluUSt 


THi;     CKhbCK.Nr     .-\rilLHllC     ClUH,     I'f.W     RliJGE. 


American  Football  Union  every  year  since  the  formation  of  that  association.  For  three  years  not  an  oppos- 
ing team  succeeded  in  scoring  a  point,  and  only  the  efforts  of  Yale  and  Harvard  champions  sufificed  to 
defeat  the  Crescent  team.  The  baseball  team  joined  the  Amateur  Baseball  League  in  1889,  and  came  in  a 
close  second  for  the  championship,  being  defeated  by  the  Staten  Island  Cricket  Club  team.  The  most 
laudable  victory  gained  by  Crescent  athletes  was  the  winning  of  the  valuable  trophy  offered  by  the  Eagle 
to  the  Long  Island  Amateur  Rowing  Association.  In  the  summer  of  1891  the  Varuna  Boat  Club  lost  to  the 
Crescent  oarsmen  the  valuable  plate  emblematic  of  the  four-oared  junior  championship  of  Long  Island. 
The  football  team  last  year,  under  the  captaincy  of  Harry  W.  Beecher,  captured,  for  the  fifth  year  in  suc- 
cession, the  championship  of  the  American  Football  Union  and  consequently  won  the  trophy  offered  by  the 
Eagle.  The  officers  of  the  club  are:  Charles  M.  Bull,  president;  Carll  H.  DeSilver,  vice-president;  H.  L. 
Langhaar,  treasurer;  William  B.  Hill,  secretary. 

The  CjReenwood  Benevolent  and  Athletic  Association  has  a  membership  of  162  and  a  comforta- 
ble bank  account.  It  is  the  only  athletic  organization  in  the  city  embodying  a  benevolent  feature.  It 
pays  from  its  funds  benefits  to  sick  members  and  in  case  of  death  a  benefit  to  the  bereaved  family. 
The  association  was  organized  on  June  26,  1877,  by  the  conductors  and  car  drivers  of  the  Brooklyn 
City  Railroad  Company,  working  on  the  Greenwood  division.  It  has  a  finely  equipped  gymnasium  and 
meeting-rooms  at  788  Third  avenue.  The  Greenwoods  are  well  known  on  the  ball  field,  and  in  the  box- 
ing line.      The  president  is  Thomas  H.  Brice. 

The  National  Athle'i'ic  Club. — No  organization  in  the  city  has  done  more  to  promote  the  sport  of 
boxing  than  has  this  club,  which  was  organized  on  February  7,  188S,  and  incorporated  on  October  i,  1889. 
From  an  almost  insignificant  beginning  the  club  has  blossomed  into  one  of  the  staunchest  athletic  clubs  in 


SPORTS,    ATHLETICS   AND    PASTIMES. 


1043 


the  city,  now  owning  its  club-house  and  gymnasium  at  11  and  13  Cedar  street,  near  Bushwick  avenue. 
During  its  career  it  has  conducted  some  of  the  most  successful  athletic  entertainments  and  boxing  compe- 
titions ever  held  in  this  city.  Although  boxing  has  always  been  the  club's  specialty,  it  can  boast  of  having 
in  its  ranks  a  very  good  team  of  cross  country  runners  and  a  number  of  clever  gymnasts. 

The  Polytechnic  Athletic  Association. — This  association  is  represented  m  athletics  by  a  baseball 
and  football  team  and  by  its  young  athletes  in  various  other  branches  of  sport.  The  officers  are:  Howard 
M.  Cowperthwaite,  '95,  president;  Wm.  M.  Grosvenor,  Jr.,  '93,  vice-president;  Herbert  M.  Williams,  '94, 
secretary;  Richard  L.  Russell,  '93,  treasurer. 

The  Prospect  Harriers  are  often  referred  to  as  the  "  barred  gate  "  athletes,  on  account  of  their 
unique  emblem  and  their  prestige  in  the  sport  of  cross  country  running.  The  club  was  the  first  to  take  up 
cross  country  running  as  a  sport  on  Long  Island,  and  ever  since  its  first  run  it  has  continually  added  to  its 


Crescent   Athletic  Clue  Football  Team,  1892. 

glory  on  nature  s  race  course.  For  seven  or  eight  years  the  club  swept  away  all  competition  before  it  and 
repeatedly  won  the  championship  of  America.  It  suffered  its  first  defeat  in  the  National  Cross  Country 
Association  championship  senior,  and  junior  races,  during  1892. 

The  Williamsburg  Athletic  Association,  organized  on  July  9,  1889,  has  its  own  grounds  and 
makes  a  creditable  showing  in  the  athletic  field  of  competition.  It  also  has  a  baseball  and  football  team. 
The  grounds  are    situated  corner  of    Kingsman  avenue   and   Jackson   street.      Its   president  is    George 

Thompson. 

Among  other  associations  which  play  a  more  or  less  important  part  in  local  athletics  are:  the  Bush- 
wick Athletic  Club,  463  Bushwick  avenue;  Decatur  Athletic  Club,  Patchen  avenue  and  Decatur 
street;  Fort  Hamilton  Athletic  Club,  Fort  Hamilton;  Long  Island  Amateur  League;  Brooklyn 
Athletic  Club,  located  in  handsome  quarters  at  364  Bedford  avenue;  New  Brooklyn  Athletic  Club, 
of  the  Twenty-sixth  Ward;  Prospect  Heights  Athletic  Club,  South  Brooklyn;  St.  Joseph's  Young 
Men's  Union,  677  Dean  street;  Palmetto  Athletic  Assoctation;  Park  Athletic  Club,  1115  Myrtle 
avenue;  Bay  Ridge  Athletic  Club;  Bijou  Athletic  Club  of  Bath  Beach;  Bensonhurst  Club,  of 
Bensonhurst;  Phenix  Athletic  Club,  of  South  Brooklyn;  New  South  Brooklyn  Athletic  Club, 
corner  Sixth  street  and  Fifth  avenue;  Union  Athletic  Club,  corner  of  Orange  and  Fulton  streets; 
Broncho  Athletic  Club,  423  Van  Brunt  street. 


I044  THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 

(;UN  CLUBS. 

Trap-shooting  is  one  of  the  popular  sports  on  Long  Island  which  can  show  a  longer  list  of  gun  clubs 
than  any  other  section  of  the  country,  numbering  among  their  members  some  of  the  best  shots  in  the 
amateur  ranks.  The  shooting  is  at  live  birds,  as  a  rule,  though  there  are  frecjuent  matches  in  which  clay 
pigeons  are  used.  Brooklyn  furnishes  the  greatest  proportion,  by  far,  of  the  membership  of  the  clubs,  and 
iarge  scores  are  frequent.  Pure  sportsmanship  characterizes  all  the  organizations,  and  the  prizes  are 
invariably  the  gifts  of  clubs  and  individuals.  Matches  are  shot  at  regular  intervals  in  each  of  the  clubs, 
usually  followed  by  sweepstakes  matches,  with  occasional  challenge  contests  between  individuals.  Every 
season  witnesses  one  tournament  or  more,  participated  in  by  teams  from  several  of  the  clubs,  and  the  com- 
petition in  individual  organizations  for  places  on  the  representative  team  results  in  some  closely-contested 
matches.  The  oldest  organization  on  Long  Island,  devoted  to  this  sport,  is  the  Fountain  Gun  Club, 
which  has  headquarters  at  Woodlawn  Park;  it  was  organized  in  1876,  and  has  made  a  national  reputation, 
participating  in  some  of  the  larger  tournaments  in  various  parts  of  the  country.  The  Atlantic  Rod  and 
Gun  Club,  organized  in  1891,  meets  at  the  West  End  Club  grounds.  Coney  Island,  and  sends  a  strong  team 
when  it  participates  in  a  tournament.  The  Coney  Island  Rod  and  Gun  Club  of  Brooklyn,  of  which  Hugh 
McLaughlin  is  president,  was  organized  in  18S0  and  has  a  fine  record;  it  shoots  at  Woodlawn  Park.  The 
largest  club  is  the  Glenmore,  organized  in  1S81,  which  includes  a  number  of  prominent  residents  of  the 
upper  wards;  its  matches  are  shot  at  Dexter  Park,  on  the  Jamaica  Plank  road.  Other  clubs  shooting 
at  Dexter  Park  are  the  Unknown,  organized  in  1876;  Crescent,  organized  in  1889;  Falcon;  Parkway, 
organized  in  1888;  Phixnix;  Acme,  organized  in  1883;  Hillside;  Jacnette,  organized,  in  1884;  King's 
County  Sporting  Club,  organized  in  1887;  Linden  Grove,  organized  in  1890;  Long  Island  Sports- 
man's Club,  organized  in  1881;  Manhattan,  organized  in  1889;  Vernon,  organized  in  1892;  and  Waverley, 
organized  in  1891.  Clubs  shooting  at  Woodlawn  Park,  besides  the  Coney  Island  Club,  are  the  New 
Utrecht,  and  the  Erie.  The  Brooklyn  Gun  Club,  incorporated  in  1885,  has  grounds  at  Smithtown, 
L.  I.;  the  Halsey  Rod  and  Gun  Club  is  located  at  Broad  Channel,  L.  I.;  the  Prospect  Heights,  and 
the  Tremont  gun  clubs,  both  of  which  are  small  and  select  organizations,  shoot  on  private  grounds,  at 
Parkville,  L.  I. 

BOWLING. 

Bowling  flourishes  in  all  parts  of  Brooklyn,  especially  in  the  Eastern  District.  It  is  a  feature  among 
the  recreations  at  the  leading  social  clubs,  is  provided  for  in  the  houses  of  the  athletic  clubs,  and  is  fos- 
tered by  a  number  of  organizations  formed  for  that  purpose,  some  of  which  own  or  lease  alleys  for  their 
own  accommodation.  Occasional  players  have  no  difficulty  in  finding  public  alleys  conducted  on  the  same 
principle  which  governs  public  billiard  halls.  The  principal  bowling  clubs  in  the  city  are  the  Echo,  Apollo, 
Pin  Knights,  Recreation,  Prospect,  Volunteer,  and  Nameless;  but  there  are  many  others.  Tourna- 
ments are  frequent  every  year  and  the  arrangements  for  1893  contemplate  no  less  than  half-a-dozea 
Among  these  are  the  National;  the  Inter-club,  in  which  the  entries  are  from  the  Union  League,  Knicker- 
bocker, Oxford,  Lincoln,  Aurora  Grata,  Montauk,  Hanover,  and  Midwood  social  clubs;  the  American 
Bowling  Union,  and  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  Inter-city  League. 

CHESS  AND  CHECKERS. 

The  game  of  chess  has  had  a  prominent  place  among  the  indoor  amusements  of  Brooklyn  many  years, 
although  It  was  not  until  1852  that  such  an  organization  as  a  chess  club  was  thought  of.  A  club  was  formed 
during  that  year  which  had  a  brief  existence  and  was  succeeded  in  1856  by  a  second  organization.  Greater 
permanency  was  the  result  of  the  second  attempt  and  the  club  membership  included  some  excellent  players. 
Paul  Morphy  visited  Brooklyn  in  the  summer  of  1859  to  participate  in  games  with  members  of  the  club,  and 
on  the  evening  of  June  16  played  blindfold  with  Napoleon  Marache,  giving  the  odds  of  a  knight  and  win- 
ning two  games  in  succession  with  ease.  Henry  Chadwick,  another  member  of  the  club,  visited  Richmond, 
Va.,  in  i860,  as  a  representative  of  the  organization,  and  played  successfully  with  members  of  the  Richmond 
Club,  but  his  visit  was  cut  short  by  the  war.  The  existence  of  the  Brooklyn  Club  was  precarious  for  sev- 
eral years  thereafter,  and  in  the  early  sixties  it  was  reorganized  on  a  more  exclusive  basis.  This  policy  did 
not  prove  wise  and  was  abandoned.  In  1869,  the  club  was  in  better  condition  and  inaugurated  tourneys 
and  matches  which  were  participated  in  by  all  the  leading  experts  of  New  York;  it  disbanded  in  187 1  but 
was  soon  afterward  reorganized  under  the  auspices  of  the  Brooklyn  Library  and  continued  until  the  eighties, 
when  the  fcjrmation  of  the  Danites  Club  drew  away  the  interest  of  some  of  the  older  members  and  it  went 


SPORTS,    ATHLETICS    AND    PASTIMES.  1045 

out  of  existence.  The  newer  organization  also  passed  away  and  the  oldest  chess  club  in  Brooklyn  at  the 
present  time  is  the  Philiixir  Cluh,  which  meets  at  491  Broadway;  it  was  organized  on  November  23,  1875, 
and  its  officers  are:  Philip  Richardson,  president,  Robert  Hentscher,  secretary  and  treasurer.  The  Brook- 
lyn Chess  Club  was  organized  in  October,  i886,  and  has  been  prosperous  from  the  beginning.  Its  first 
location  was  at  198  Montague  street,  whence  it  moved  in  1888  to  rooms  over  the  old  post  office  on  \Vash- 
ington  street;  it  is  now  at  201  Montague  street.  Charles  A.  Gilberg,  who  was  at  one  time  president  of  the 
second  club  referred  to  above,  was  elected  president  in  1888  and  continues  in  that  office.  The  other  officers 
are:  W.  C.  Otterson,  M.  D.,  and  William  ¥.  Eno,  vice-presidents;  William  Duval,  treasurer;  L.  D.  Brough- 
ton,  M.  D.,  secretary.  There  is  a  Younu  Mkn's. Christian  Association  Chess  and  Checquer  Club  which 
meets  weekly  at  the  association  building;  Thomas  Flint  is  president  and  Herman  Helins,  secretary.  The 
Evans  Chess  Club  is  the  name  of  a  select  group  of  players  on  the  Hill.  Provision  for  lovers  of  the  game 
is  made  at  the  Hamilton  Club,  where  a  parlor  is  devoted  to  it  and  the  game  is  played  at  several  other  of  the 
leading  social  clubs.  In  various  parts  of  the  city  there  are  minor  chess  clubs,  and  among  the  large  number 
of  local  admirers  of  this  strongly  intellectual  pastime  there  are  a  number  of  expert  players. 

Checkers,  so  nearly  related  to  chess,  is  extensively  played  at  the  clubs  and  in  the  rooms  of  various 
social  organizations.  There  are  a  number  of  little  associations  in  the  city  which  are  devoted  to  the  game, 
but  they  are  of  a  private  character  and  generally  very  small  in  membership.  The  game  attracts  little  pop- 
ular attention. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Curling,  a  favorite  game  with  Scotchmen,  is  played  in  the  winter  season  when  conditions  are  favora- 
.  ble  by  two  local  organizations — the  Caledonia  and  the  Thistle  Curling  Clubs.  Croquet,  while  not  so  pop- 
ular as  it  was  a  score  of  years  ago,  is  played  on  many  private  grounds  and  ample  lawns  are  provided  in 
Prospect  Park  for  lovers  of  the  game;  the  Brooklyn  Croquet  Association  has  quarters  in  the  park.  Fish- 
ing is  a  popular  recreation  with  Brooklynites,  as  it  is  in  all  communities  where  facilities  for  it  are  at  hand; 
it  is  part  of  the  raison  d'etre  of  the  rod  and  gun  clubs,  and  there  are  nine  clubs  in  Brooklyn,  or  composed 
largely  of  Brooklynites,  which  are  especially  devoted  to  this  sport.  Of  indoor  pastimes,  not  already  men- 
tioned. Billiards  and  Pool  are  both  very  popular;  the  game  of  billiards  is  played  in  nearly  all  the  houses 
of  the  social  clubs,  while  the  pool  table  appears  here  and  there.  Public  places  where  both  games  may  be 
played  are  abundant  in  all  parts  of  the  city,  but  there  are  no  organizations  for  promoting  them.  Whist, 
the  most  scientific  game  played  with  cards,  is  played  at  the  clubs  and  there  are  many  little  associations 
which  have  regular  meetings  for  play;  in  some  of  these,  prizes  are  provided  for,  by  subscription  among  the 
members,  to  be  given  to  the  winners  of  arranged  series  of  games.  The  winter  of  1892-3  has  been  especially 
notable  in  the  annals  of  club  whist.  An  inter-club  tournament  in  the  fall  greatly  stimulated  interest  in  the 
modern  game,  so  radically  modified  by  the  new  "  American  leads,"  and  duplicate  whist  contests  among 
the  members  of  several  of  the  clubs  have  been  a  steady  feature  of  the  winter's  sport.  Euchre  is  a  game 
which  has  been  made  to  serve  a  social  purpose  in  a  form  known  as  progressive  euchre,  for  the  playing  of 
which,  parties  are  invited  to  private  houses,  the  host  usually  providing  prizes  for  the  best  players  and 
leather  medals  for  the  poorest. 


MEN  OF  THE  TIME. 


YEN  as  the  envelope  of  a  chrysalis,  through  every  stage  of  spinning,  is  produced 
and  given  shape  by  the  creature  it  eventually  encloses,  so  the  times  are  made  and 
molded  by  the  men  who  live  in  them;  men  and  their  times,  like  die  and  matrix, 
each  reflect  the  other.  The  present  times  have  been  designated  and  described  in 
as  many  different  ways,  almost,  as  there  have  been  writers  upon  social  and  politi- 
cal questions,  or  writers  who  have  chosen  to  digress  from  any  theme  sufficiently  to 
expatiate  upon  the  character  and  tendency  of  the  times — and  this  every  doctrinaire, 
^^  novelist,  and  feuilletonist  feels  called  upon  to  do.  It  has  been  declared  to  be  a 
commercial  age,  and  the  greed  for  pecuniary  gain  the  most  signal  characteristic  of 
the  times.  It  is  frequently  alluded  to  as  an  age  of  invention  and  progress  in 
manufacture.  By  some  it  is  thought  that  the  times  are  marked  most  strongly  by 
the  social,  political,  and  industrial  changes  which  have  been  wrought  and  continue 
to  make  themselves  so  manifest.  Artists  and  litterateurs  deem  it  an  age  empha- 
sized by  the  spread  of  sesthetic  culture  and  the  development  of  talent.  A  different 
estimate  might  be  obtained  from  every  class  of  persons,  according  to  the  lines  between  which  their 
observations  are  made;  but  the  one  sentiment  which  enters  into  all  the  varied  opinions  is  that  the  times 
are  emphatically  marked  by  an  intense  activity  and  by  progress  in  a  great  diversity  of  directions.  Under 
such  conditions  it  would  be  natural  to  e.xpect  a  great  diversity  of  character  and  development  among  the 
people  of  the  time — a  hetereogeneity  proportionate  to  the  variety  of  activities  and  interests.  This  is 
what  is  found.  It  is  a  wonderfully  conglomerate  mass  of  humanity  that  makes  the  American  nation  the 
mighty  factor  which  it  is  to-day.  The  personnel  of  Brooklyn  has  this  aspect,  and  its  men  of  the  time 
present  an  interesting  variety  in  birth,  character,  education,  training,  experience,  ability  and  achievement. 
In  other  portions  of  this  work  biographical  sketches  of  many  citizens  have  been  classified  in  groups,  under 
one  or  another  designation,  but  no  man's  life  activities  can  be  truly  and  justly  bounded  by  any  single 
association,  however  thoroughly  he  may  be  identified  with  it,  American  individuality  transcends  all  limita- 
tions of  class  and  company,  and  the  men  whose  biographies  are  given  in  this  chapter  are  not  associated 
here  for  any  reason  of  classification,  nor  because  of  any  kindredship  of  character  or  interest.  They  are 
given  simply  as  Brooklynites,  all  reputable  citizens,  each  staunchly  standing  in  individual  worthiness. 

Charles  A.  Schieren,  president  of  the  Brooklyn  Young  Republican  Club,  was  born  in  the  city  of 
Diiesseldorf,  Rhenish  Prussia,  in  1842.  His  parents  came  to  America,  and  in  1856  made  their  home  in 
Brooklyn,  where  his  father  died  in  1863.  Having  been  educated  in  his  native  country,  the  son  began  to 
earn  his  own  living  not  long  after  his  arrival  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic,  by  interesting  himself  in  a  cigar 
store  conducted  by  his  father.  He  did  not  like  the  business,  and  in  1863,  after  his  father's  death,  he  found 
employment  in  the  leather  manufacturing  business  in  that  part  of  New  York  known  as  "the  sw^amp."  Five 
years  later  he  began  business  for  himself  in  the  same  line,  with  a  capital  of  $1,100,  which  he  had  saved 
from  his  salary,  and  succeeded  in  establishing,  within  a  comparatively  short  time,  one  of  the  leading  leather 
houses  in  the  United  States.  To-day  the  firm  of  Charles  A.  Schieren  &  Co.,  in  which  he  is  senior  partner, 
controls  branch  houses  in  Chicago,  Philadelphia,  and  Boston;  extensive  tanneries  in  Adamsbury,  Pa.;  Mount 
Union,  Pa.;  Cumberland,  Md.;  and  at  the  corner  of  Thirteenth  street  and  Third  avenue,  in  Brooklyn.  At 
the  last-named  establishment  East  India  hides  are  tanned  into  lace  leather.  F.  A.  M.  Burrell,  a  Brooklyn- 
ite,  was  admitted  into  partnership  with  Mr.  Schieren,  in  1886,  Mr.  Schieren  has  lived  in  Brooklyn  ever  since 
his  arrival  in  the  United  States  and  has  taken  an  active  share  in  religious,  charitable,  and  political  affairs. 
In  the  Brooklyn  Sunday-School  Union  he  represents  the  Lutheran  Church  and  for  two  successive  years 
he  was  grand  marshal  of  the  May  Day  parades.  For  twenty  years  he  has  been  actively  engaged  in  the 
work  i>l  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  in  which  he  holds  office  as  a  director  and  a  member  of  the 
advisory  board.  He  is  a  trustee  of  the  Union  for  Christian  Work,  a  director  of  the  Society  for  the  Pre- 
vention (if  Cruelty  to  Children,  and  advisory  member  of  the  Young  Women's  Christian  Association;   and  he 


MEN   OF   THE    TIME. 


1047 


was  a  member  of  the  executive  committees  which 
raised  the  funds  necessary  to  erect  in  Brooklyn  the 
statues  of  Henry  Ward  Beecher  and  J.  S.  T.  Strana- 
han.  He  was  one  of  the  chief  organizers,  and  has 
always  been  vice-president,  of  the  Hide  and  Leather 
National  Bank,  of  New  York;  he  is  a  member  of  the 
New  York  Chamber  of  Commerce  and  a  trustee  of 
the  Germania  Savings  Bank,  of  Brooklyn.  In  1890, 
he  succeeded  Charles  A.  Moore  as  president  of  the 
Young  Republican  Club.  His  residence  is  a  hand- 
some structure  of  brick  and  brownstone,  at  405  Clinton 
avenue.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Hamilton,  Germa- 
nia, and  Union  League  clubs. 

By  employing  men  like  Professor  George  W. 
Plympton  in  executive  capacities,  a  municipal  admin- 
istration conserves  the  best  interests  of  the  people. 
He  was  first  appointed  to  his  present  position  as  com- 
missioner of  electrical  subways  by  Mayor  Low  in 
1885  and  four  years  later,  on  November  i,  his  term 
expired.  In  June,  1890,  he  was  appointed  to  a  posi- 
tion on  the  board  of  experts  to  devise  a  plan  for  im- 
proved terminal  facilities  for  the  East  river  bridge; 
as  a  result  of  his  labors  and  those  of  his  co-workers  a 
plan  was  submitted  and  adopted  in  January,  1891, 
which  is  now  in  process  of  construction.  He  was 
again  made  a  commissioner  of  electrical  subways  by  Charles  a.  Schieren. 

Mayor  Boody  and  entered  upon  the  duties  of  his  office  on  May  25,  1892.  He  was  born  in  AValtham, 
Mass.,  on  November  18,  1827,  and  after  graduation  at  the  Waltham  high  school  in  1843,  he  spent  three 
years  learning  the  trade  of  a  machinist.  He  entered  the  Rensselaer  Polytechnic  Institute  at  Troy,  N.  Y., 
in  1847  and  was  graduated  the  same  year  with  the  degree  of  Civil  Engineer.  After  some  experience  in 
surveying  and  machine  building,  varied  by  teaching  in  the  institute  at  Troy,  he  accepted  in  1852  the 
professorship  of  engineering  and  architecture  in  the  university  at  Cleveland,  O.;  the  following  year  he 
became  professor  of  mathematics  in  the  State  Normal  School  at  Albany,  N.  Y.  but  resigned  his  chair  in 
1856  to  practise  the  profession  of  engineering  in  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania.  In  1857  he  accepted 
an  engineering  professorship  in  the  State  Normal  School  of  New  Jersey  at  Trenton.  He  came  to  Brooklyn 
in  September,  1863,  to  become  professor  of  physical  sciences  at  the  Polytechnic  Institute  and  has  occu- 
pied that  chair  ever  since.  He  was  appointed  professor  of  chemistry  and  toxicology  on  the  staff  of  the 
Long  Island  College  Hospital,  and  having  held  that  position  twenty  years  he  is  now  professor  cineritiis  of 
the  same  institution.  He  received  from  the  college  in  1880  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine. 
He  has  been  director  of  the  night  schools  in  the  Cooper  Institute  since  1879,  having  first  associated  himself 
with  that  institution  in  1869.  In  1870  he  took  editorial  control  of  Van  Nostrand's  Engineering  Magazine  and 
continued  in  this  capacity  until  the  publisher's  death  in  1886.  He  is  a  member  of  the  American  Society  of 
Civil  Engineers,  the  Century  Club,  New  York,  and  of  the  Hamilton  Club  of  Brooklyn. 

The  life-history  of  John  J.  Kiernan  illustrates  what  may  be  accomplished  by  one  who  is  the  possessor 
of  powers  of  quick  observation,  coupled  with  the  ability  to  take  advantage  of  an  opportunity  at  the  right 
moment.  He  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  on  February  i,  1845,  and  is  of  Irish  descent;  his  education  was  obtained 
from  private  tutors  and  at  the  public  schools.  Employed  as  a  clerk  in  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Com- 
pany's office,  he  assisted  in  the  gathering  of  financial  news  and  quotations  on  Wall  street  and  soon  became 
acquainted  with  the  various  methods  by  which  the  x\ssociated  Press  distributed  news  all  over  the  country. 
He  was  particularly  impressed  with  the  vast  importance  which  attached  to  the  private  despatches  received 
by  bankers  and  others  in  advance  of  publication  by  the  newspapers,  and  to  obtain  which  necessitated  a 
considerable  expenditure  of  money.  Eventually  he  devised  a  plan  by  which  he  was  enabled  to  supply  such 
special  intelligence  as  his  customers  desired  at  a  moderate  cost.  As  the  business  grew  he  availed  himself 
of  an  instrument  termed  a  "ticker,"  which  had  just  been  invented,  placing  one  in  the  office  of  each  of  his 
customers,  and  by  this  medium  was  enabled  to  furnish  intelligence  continuously  and  without  delay.  From 
this  beginning  grew  the  organization  known  as  "  Kiernan's  Wall  Street  Financial  News  Bureau,"  one  of  the 
features  of  the  commercial  life  of  the  country,  and  the  "  ticker  "  has  since  found  its  way  into  almost  every 
city,  town,  and  village  in  the  United  States.  As  an  advocate  of  the  principles  of  Democracy,  he  has 
become  prominently  known.     In  1880  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  National  Democratic  Convention,  at  Cincin- 


104S 


THE    EAGLE   AND  BROOKLYN. 


nati,  and  in  the  following  year  he  was  elected  state  senator  from  the  second  district;  during  the  session  of 
1S82,  he  drew  attention  to  himself  by  the  introduction  of  several  measures  having  in  view  the  reformation 
of  existing  abuses.  One  of  the  most  notable  measures  introduced  and  passed  by  Mr.  Kiernan  was  the  bill 
exempting  call  loans  amounting  to  five  thousand  dollars  or  more  from  the  provisions  of  the  usury  law. 
Another  notable  bill  which  he  introduced  during  this  same  session  was  "  An  act  to  establish  a  department 
to  take  charge  of  and  administer  the  funds  of  such  insolvent  corporations  as  were  originally  organized  to 
do  business  as  banking,  insurance,  or  trust  companies,"  which  provided  for  a  department  of  insolvent  cor- 
porations, under  the  charge  of  an  officer  to  be  called  the  "receiver-general."  Among  other  important 
measures  which  were  introduced  by  Senator  Kiernan  was  a  bill  reducing  pilot  fees  in  the  port  of  New 
York;  and  measures  providing  for  compensation  to  property  owners  for  damages  by  proposed  elevated 
railways  in  Brooklyn;  for  additional  slips  and  facilities  in  New  York  city  for  the  ferries  running  between 
Whitehall  street  and  Atlantic  and  Hamilton  avenues;  exempting  from  taxation  vessels  and  other  craft 
engaged  in  inland  commerce  in  this  state;  for  the  establishment  of  a  ferry  between  the  Eastern  District, 
of  Brooklyn,  and  Fourteenth  street,  New  York;  for  the  incorporation  of  the  New  York  Iron  and  Metal  Ex- 
change, and  amending  the  charter  of  the  New  York  Cotton  Exchange.  In  recognition  of  his  important  and 
valuable  public  services  he  has  been  the  recipient  of  many  expressions  of  popular  approval  from  his  fellow- 
citizens.     He  is  a  widower,  his  wife,  whom  he  married  in  1866,  having  died  in  1881;  he  has  four  children. 

Charles  E.  Dingee  is  one  of  those  Brooklynites 
who  is  noted  for  activity  in  good  works  and  for 
generous  acts  performed  without  ostentation.  He 
was  born  in  Prattsburgh,  Steuben  County,  N.  Y.,  on 
February  28,  1850,  and  when  he  was  six  years  old 
his  parents  moved  to  New  York.  His  education  was 
acquired  at  the  public  schools  and  the  New  York  Free 
Academy.  In  1859,  the  family  moved  to  Brooklyn. 
The  father,  Peter  M.  Dingee,  upon  his  arrival  in  New 
York  had  established  himself  in  the  timber  business. 
He  started  on  a  very  limited  scale,  but  succeeded  in 
building  up  a  trade  very  rapidly  and  in  1886,  when  he 
died,  the  firm  was  credited  with  doing  the  most  ex- 
tensive business  in  the  importation  of  mahogany  and 
other  fancy  cabinet  woods  in  the  country.  Charles 
Dingee  engaged  to  work  for  his  father  in  1866,  and 
six  years  later  became  a  member  of  the  firm.  His 
brother,  John  F.,  was  also  admitted  to  a  partnership 
in  1876  and  the  firm-name  became  P.  M.  Dingee  & 
Sons,  which  is  retained  by  the  sons.  Mr.  Dingee  has 
been  a  member  of  the  Washington  Avenue  Baptist 
Church  twenty-six  years;  for  six  years  he  served  as 
trustee  in  the  church.  He  is  also  particularly  active 
in  connection  with  the  Baptist  Church  extension 
society.  In  1875  he  married  Miss  Ida  Amerman,  a 
daughter  of  John  W.  Amerman,  an  old  resident  of 
Brooklyn.  They  have  two  children  living,  Frank  A., 
and  Nellie;  their  home  is  at  175  Clinton  avenue. 

Although  no  longer  a  resident  of  Brooklyn,  Frederic  Cromwell,  treasurer  of  the  Mutual  Life  Insur- 
ance Company  of  New  York,  is  largely  identified  with  local  interests.  He  is  ex-president  of  the  People's 
Gas  Light  Company,  a  director  in  the  Broadway  Railroad  Company  in  the  Eastern  District,  and  a  stock- 
holder in  the  First  National  Bank  of  Williamsburgh.  He  has  invested  to  a  great  extent  in  Brooklyn  real 
estate  and  the  success  of  his  ventures  confirmed  his  faith  in  the  future  of  the  city.  He  was  one  of  the 
organizers  of  the  Hamilton  Club  and  was  a  vestryman  of  Grace  P.  E.  Church.  Born  at  Cornwall,  N.  Y.,  on 
February  16,  1843,  he  prepared  for  college  at  General  W.  H.  Russell's  military  school.  New  Haven,  Conn., 
and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  became  a  student  at  Harvard  University.  In  1863  he  was  graduated  and  went 
abroad  to  spend  a  year  in  European  travel.  Upon  his  return  to  America  he  devoted  himself  to  the  study 
of  law.  His  designs  for  pursuing  a  professional  career  were  subsequently  abandoned  and  the  earlier  years 
of  his  business  life,  while  he  was  a  resident  of  Brooklyn,  were  given  to  the  importation  of  English  cloth 
goods.  He  withdrew  from  the  business  when  elected  to  the  presidency  of  the  Peoples'  Cias  Light  Com- 
l)any.  In  1871  he  went  to  St.  Louis  and  devoted  a  considerable  portion  of  his  time  to  obtaining  the  fran- 
chise and  constructing  the  works  of  the  Laclede  Gas  Light  Company.     Other  western  enterprises  claimed 


John  J.  Kiernan. 


1050 


THE    EAGLE   AND    BROOKLYN. 


a  share  of  his  attention  until  he  returned  east  and  resumed  his  residence  in  Brooklyn  in  rSys.  He  is  an 
enthusiastic  art  connoisseur  and  has  taken  active  interest  in  musical  affairs,  being  elected  president  of  the 
Brooklyn  Art  Association  and  vice-president  of  the  Philharmonic  Society.  He  identified  himselt  with  the 
reform  element  in  politics,  and  when  the  Civil  Service  Reform  Association  of  Brooklyn  was  organized  he 
was  elected  its  president;  he  was  a  member  also  of  the  first  civil  service  commission  appointed  in  the  city. 
In  1S84  he  was  chosen  treasurer  of  the  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company;  he  had  been  a  trustee  of  the  cor- 
poration for  several  years  prior  to  this  election,  but  the  duties  of  his  new  office  led  him  to  make  his  home  in 
New  York  city,  where  he  became  prominent  in  social  circles.  He  is  a  member  of  the  University,  Metropoli- 
tan, and  other 'clubs.  The  responsibility  which  his  position  as  treasurer  of  the  Mutual  Life,  and  a  member 
of  its  finance  committee  imposes,  is  implied  by  the  magnitude  of  the  company;  its  assets  amount  to  the 
enormous  total  of  $160,000,000  and  its  annual  receipts  and  payments  amount  to  $50,000,000.  When  the 
fact  is  recognized  that  through  the  finance  committee  and  the  treasurer  have  passed  loans  upon  bonds  and 
mortgages  which  now  reach  to  the  grand  aggregate  of  sixty-five  millions  of  dollars,  and  that  of  this  vast 
sum  a  large  portion  has  been  loaned  upon  Brooklyn  real  estate,  it  will  be  seen  that  Mr.  Cromwell's  relation 
to  the  city  of  Brooklyn  has  been  an  important  and  appreciative  one. 

Diversifying  his  active  business  life  by  the  ex- 
ercise of  his  taste  for  the  fine  arts,  John  B.  Ladd 
is  recognized  as  a  connoisseur  in  art  matters  both  in 
the  city  of  his  home  and  in  New  York,  where  he  is 
a  member  of  the  art  committee  of  the  Union  League 
Club.  He  is  one  of  the  oldest  members  of  the  Rem- 
brandt Club,  Brooklyn,  a  member  of  the  Hamilton, 
Montauk,  and  Crescent  Athletic  clubs  and  for  many 
years  was  a  member  of  the  Brooklyn  Club.  Another 
Brooklyn  institution  in  which  he  is  interested  is  the 
Homoeopathic  Hospital,  of  which  he  is  a  trustee.  He 
was  born  in  Hamilton,  Madison  County,  N.  Y.,  and 
moved  to  New  York  city  in  September,  1859,  being 
then  in  his  boyhood.  Obtaining  a  situation  as  clerk 
with  Colgate  &  Co.,  55  John  street,  he  remained  with 
that  firm  eleven  years,  until  June,  1870.  On  July  i, 
1870,  he  organized  the  firm  of  Ladd  &  Coffin,  pro- 
prietors and  manufacturers  of  Lundborg's  perfumery, 
at  24  Barclay  street.  New  York.  The  firm  has  a 
European  depot  in  London,  England. 

Louis  Harman  Peet,  who  for  five  years  has 
been  known  to  the  newspaper  world  as  a  writer  of 
ability,  was  born  in  Brooklyn  on  August  16,  1863. 
In  1S82  he  was  graduated  at  the  Polytechnic  Insti- 
tute and  continued  to  study  at  that  institution  another 
year.  In  June,  1883,  he  delivered  the  post  graduate 
oration  in  the  Academy  of  Music,  and  the  same  year 
entered  Yale  University.  There  he  contributed  to 
the  college  periodicals  and  won  various  prizes,  including  the  sophomore  composition  prize  and  the  Town- 
send  prize  for  essay  writing.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Delta  Kappa  Epsilon  and  the  Chi  Delta  Theta  frater- 
nities. In  1S87  he  was  graduated  and  immediately  found  employment  on  the  city  staff  of  the  New  York 
Times,  where  he  remained  until  1891.  from  that  time  until  the  present,  he  has  occupied  a  position  in  the 
editorial  department  of  the  American  Book  Company,  and  in  the  meanwhile  has  been  a  contributor  of 
articles  to  various  periodicals  and  a  regular  writer  of  stories  for  the  New  York  Ledger. 

When  J.  C.  Cameron  began  his  career  in  the  employ  of  the  Brooklyn  City  Railroad  Company,  his 
duties  placed  him  among  the  humbler  grades  of  officials  in  the  service  of  that  great  corporation;  to-day  he 
is  general  superintendent  and  exercises  supervision  over  the  multifarious  interests  which  his  position 
entails.  He  was  born  in  Vermont  on  September  4,  1843,  and  was  the  son  of  Ira  Cameron,  a  farmer.  His 
education  was  obtained  at  the  public  schools.  His  first  occupation  was  that  of  a  hotel  clerk  at  Montpelier, 
Vt.  When  twenty-one  years  old  he  left  his  father's  home  and  came  to  Brooklyn,  where  he  found  work  as 
a  conductor.  He  was  soon  advanced  to  the  position  of  starter.  He  next  became  foreman  and  thence  he 
rose  to  be  superintendent  of  h(jrses.  From  the  latter  position  he  was  promoted  to  that  which  he  now 
occupies.  Mr.  Cameron  is  a  Freemason  and  a  member  of  the  Carleton  Club.  In  1874  he  married  Miss 
Sarah  L.  Hardy. 


John   B.  Ladu. 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 


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Andrew  J     Perky. 


Andrew  J.  Pkkrv  was  born  at  Wilton,  Saratoga  County,  N.  Y,,  of 
New  England  ancestry.  He  was  educated  at  the  common  schools  of  his 
native  town,  the  Troy  Conference  Academy,  West  Poultney,  Vermont; 
and  Union  College,  Schenectady.  Directly  after  receiving  his  college 
degree,  he  made  New  York  his  residence,  and  took  active  interest  in  public 
affairs;  he  became  an  officer  in  the  public  school  system  of  that  city  and 
was  successively,  inspector,  trustee,  and  commissioner,  and  was  chairman 
of  the  evening  school  committee.  Subsequently  he  married  Julia  L.  Olcott, 
of  Cherry  Valley,  N.  Y'.,  and  established  his  home  in  Brooklyn.  He  is  a 
Republican  and  has  served  in  the  General  Committee,  with  one  brief 
interval,  since  about  1870;  he  has  twice  been  the  nominee  for  representative 
in  congress,  once  for  city  comptroller  and  was  once  prominently  brought 
before  a  Republican  convention  as  candidate  for  mayor,  but  declined  further 
use  of  his  name  when  it  became  evident  that  Republican  success  at  the 
polls  had  been  jeopardized,  through  the  mistaken  action  of  the  convention. 
He  has  held  the  office  of  president  of  the  board  of  elections.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  citizens'  committee  of  one  hundred,  which  in  187 1,  '72  and 
'73,  formulated  and  successfully  advocated  many  needed  reforms  in  city  government.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Long  Island  Historical,  the  New  England,  and  the  Art  and  Library  societies;  and  of  the  Brooklyn, 
Hamilton,  and  Algoncjuin  clubs.  His  church  relations  have  been  with  the  ^Vestminster  Presbyterian  and 
the  South  Congregational  churches. 

W.  WiCKH.-vM  S.MiTH  was  born  in  New  York  city  on  September  21,  1859.  He  was  educated  at  the  pub- 
lic schools  and  the  College  of  the  City  of  New  Y'ork,  at  which  institution  he  was  graduated  in  June,  1878. 
In  the  following  September,  he  was  appointed  a  tutor  in  his  alma  mater,  a  position  which  he  retained  while 
he  was  pursuing  his  legal  studies.  In  1880  he  was 
graduated  at  Columbia  College  Law  School  with  the 
degree  of  Bachelor  of  Laws,  cum  laude,  and  in  1SS4  he 
resigned  his  position  as  a  teacher  to  pursue  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession.  He  was  appointed  assistant 
United  States  district  attorney  for  the  southern  dis- 
trict of  New  York  in  October,  1886.  In  April,  1890, 
he  resigned,  and  for  some  months  was  engaged  as 
counsel  for  the  Manhattan  Railroad  Company  in  land 
damage  cases.  His  experience  in  the  government 
service  had  given  him  an  expert  knowledge  of  tariff 
law,  and  believing  this  to  be  an  interesting  and  lucra- 
tive branch  of  his  profession  he  determined  to  devote 
himself  to  it  ;  and  accordingly  formed  a  partnership 
with  Charles  Curie,  under  the  firm  name  of  Curie, 
Smith  &  Mackie.  After  the  enactment  of  the 
McKinley  tariff  bill  he  appeared  as  counsel  in  almost 
every  important  litigation  arising  from  it.  In  1885 
he  married  Miss  Ella  E.  Velsor,  daughter  of  Joseph 
A.  Velsor  of  Brooklyn,  and  took  up  his  abode  in  this 
city,  where  he  has  lived  ever  since.  In  politics  he  is 
a  Democrat. 

John  M.  Conklin  was  born  on  Christmas  day, 
1844,  and  was  educated  at  the  country  schools  of 
Ulster  County,  N.  Y'.  His  first  business  employment 
was  as  a  clerk  in  a  country  store,  and  when  sixteen 
years  old  he  came  to  Brooklyn  and  engaged  in  similar 
occupation  for  two  years.  Then  he  entered  the 
employ  of  Journeay  &  Burnham,  with  whom  he  worked  until  the  war  began.  He  enlisted  in  the  39th 
Regiment,  and  when  he  returned  from  the  front  he  had  risen  from  the  grade  of  private  to  that  of  sergeant. 
He  resumed  his  situation  with  Journeay  &  Burnham  after  the  close  of  the  war,  and  was  gradually  advanced 
from  one  position  to  another  until  he  became  superintendent,  a  post  which  he  occupied  when  Mr.  Journeay 
died.  A  stock  company  took  the  place  of  the  former  organization,  and  Mr.  Conklin  became  secretary  and 
manager.  He  has  been  president  of  the  Franklin  Literary  Society  and  is  a  member  of  the  Montauk, 
Apollo,  Riding    and    Driving,   and    Parkway   Driving   clubs   and   is    a    director  of    the   Brooklyn   Choral 


W.  WiCKMAM  Smith. 


MEN   OF   THE   TIME. 


i°S3 


Society.     An  Episcopalian  in  religious  belief,  he  worships  in  the  Church  of  the  Messiah  on  Greene  avenue. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  advisory  board  of  the  Home  for  Aged  Colored  People. 

John  K.  Oakley  was  born  in  1822  in  Minnisink,  Orange  County,  New  York.  His  grandfather, 
Gilbert  Oakley,  was  a  soldier  in  the  revolutionary  war,  and  lost  a  leg  at  the  battle  of  Monmouth.  His 
father  served  in  the  war  of  1S12.  At  the  age  or  twelve  years  he  was  taken  to  Honesdale,  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  was  educated.  He  then  found  employment  in  a  country  store  and  subsequently  attended 
the  Ridgebury  New  York  Academy  preparatory  for  the  medical  profession.  In  1844  he  married 
Miss  Mary  E.  Davis,  daughter  of  Richard  Davis.  One  year  after  his  marriage,  he  moved  to  Flat- 
bush,  Long  Island,  where,  until  1850,  he  held  the  post  of  principal  in  public  school  No.  i.  Removing 
then  to  Brooklyn  he  was  employed  as  book-keeper,  auctioneer  and  real  estate  agent.  In  1851  he  formed  a 
partnership  with  William  H.  Wright,  for  the  purpose  of  conducting  an  auctioneering  and  real  estate  busi- 
ness.    This  association  was  successfully  mainiained  for  six  years.     In  1852,  he  joined  the  old  volunteer 


:^5c^ 


firemen  and  "  ran  "  with  Niagara  engine  No.  8;  he  was  also  a  member  of  the  board  of  representatives  of 
the  fire  department.  In  the  winter  of  1853  there  was  a  serious  conflagration  in  the  famous  Colonnade 
Row  on  Columbia  Heights,  Returning  home,  after  spending  several  hours  fighting  the  flames,  he  dis- 
covered another  blaze  in  the  frame  building,  near  the  junction  ot  Washington  and  Fulton  streets.  Giving 
the  alarm,  he  burst  open  the  door  and  found  the  occupants  of  the  dwelling  asleep  and  in  immediate 
peril  of  their  lives;  he  rescued  one  woman  and  then  started  back  after  her  two  children.  Having  restored 
the  little  ones  to  their  mother  he  climbed  to  the  second  story  and  rescued  another  woman.  Aftei 
serving  full  time  he  received  honorable  discharge,  with  exempt  fireman's  certificate.  In  1S54  he 
was  the  successful  Whig  candidate  for  alderman  from  the  fourth  ward,  and  together  with  his  associate, 
Charles  C.  Fowler,  took  office  on  January  i,  1855.  He  served  a  second  term  in  1856  and,  as  during 
his  first  term,  served  on  important  committees;  among  them,  those  on  grading  and  paving,  and  the  public 
health.  On  June  3,  1856,  the  board  of  health  was  organized  and  Alderman  Oakley  was  chosen  as  chairman. 
That  summer  brought  to  Brooklyn  the  scourge  of  the  yellow  fever.  Mayor  Hall,  himself  stricken  with  ill- 
ness, sent  for  Alderman  Oakley  and  requested  that  he  would  undertake  the  direction  of  the  board  of  health 


i054 


THE    EAGLE   AND   BROOKLYN. 


Tunis  V.   P.  Talmage. 


in  this  unexpected  emergency  and,  having  agreed  to  this  proposition,  he  performed  many  remarkable  ser- 
vices at  great  personal  risk.  He  left  the  city  some  time  after  the  expiration  of  his  official  services  and 
passed  the  years  between  i860  and  1863  on  a  farm  which  he  had  purchased  in  Connecticut.  Returning  to 
Brooklyn,  he  accepted  the  special  agency  of  the  Continental  Fire  Insurance  Company;  in  1865  he  was  made 
its  general  agent  and  adjuster,  and  remained  in  that  position  until  the  close  of  December,  1881,  when,  hav- 
ing previously  been  elected  president  of  the  Mechanics'  Fire  Lisurance  Company  of  Brooklyn,  he  turned 
his  attention  exclusively  to  that  organization  and  devoted  himself  to  its  interests  until  1884,  when  he 
resigned  to  engage  in  the  business  of  adjusting  losses  for  insurance  companies.  This  vocation  he  still  fol- 
lows. To  him  belongs  the  credit  of  organizing  the  Brooklyn  board  of  fire  underwriters  in  1883  while  pres- 
ident of  the  Mechanics'  Fire  Lisurance  Company  and  perfecting  a  plan  for  the  formation  of  a  fire  patrol 
under  the  direction  of  the  underwriters.     Mr.  Oakley  is  distinguished  in  the  masonic  craft;  in  1852  he  was 

initiated  in  Joppa  Lodge,  No.  201,  and  in  1865  he  was  made  a  thirty-second 
degree  mason  in  the  Ancient  and  Accepted  Scottish  Rite.  During  the 
same  year  he  organized  Bedford  Lodge,  No.  574,  and  was  elected  and  served 
as  master  four  terms  consecutively.  In  1866  the  Grand  Lodge  of  the 
state  of  New  York  appointed  him  district  deputy  grand  master  for  the 
third  masonic  district.  He  has  two  children,  a  son  and  daughter,  both  of 
whom  are  married. 

Tunis  Y'an  Pelt  Talm.-^ge,  was  born  in  Clinton,  N.  J.,  but  came  to 
Brooklyn  when  a  boy;  attended  school  in  South  Brooklyn  and  ended  his 
schooling  in  Nazareth,  Pa.     His  father,  Thomas  G.  Talmage,  was  at  one 
time  mayor  of  Brooklyn;  he  was  elected  mayor  in  1845,  and  died  in  1863. 
At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  chairman  of  the  national  committee  of  the 
Democratic   party.     In    1849,  the  son   went  to  San   Francisco,  where  he 
entered  the  general   merchandise  establishment  of  Talmage,  Green  &  Co. 
Two  years  later  he  returned  to  Brooklyn,  and  obtained  a  contract  for  the 
grading  and  paving  of  the  city  streets.     After  seven  years  of  successful 
work  in  that  line,  he  established  himself  in  the  coal  business.     In  i860,  he 
was  elected  supervisor  from  the  eighth  ward;  the  following  year,  he  served 
on  the  committee  of  volunteers  which  relieved  the  families  of  soldiers  killed  in  the  civil  war.     In   1862  he 
was  elected  alderman  from  the  eighth  ward,  and  in  1864,  was  reelected   and  made   president   of  the  board. 
In  1874  he  represented  the  fourth  district  in  the  assembly  and  was  reelected  in  1875.     He  carried  through 
the  assembly  a  bill  for  the   reduction   of  an   assess- 
ment of  Prospect  Park.     Later  he  came  within  one 
hundred  and  thirty  votes  of  being  elected  as  an  inde- 
pendent assembly  candidate.     He  is  a  lover  of  music 
and    art.     He    married    Miss    Madeline    DeForrest, 
daughter  of  John  J.  DeForrest  of  New  York.     They 
have  three  children.     Mr.   Talmage  is  a  member  of 
the  old   Dutch    Reformed  Church,   and   is  identified 
with  the  Crescent  Athletic  Club. 

RiCH.ARD  B.  Greexwood,  Jr.,  assistant  corpora- 
tion counsel,  has  been  connected  with  the  law  depart- 
ment of  the  city  since  1875,  when  he  was  appointed 
chief  clerk  by  Corporation  Counsel  William  C.  DeWitt. 
He  was  born  in  New  York  on  June  21,  1846,  and  was 
educated  at  the  public  schools  and  at  the  Free  Acad- 
emy of  New  York,  where  he  stood  at  the  head  of  his 
class.  He  left  college  in  his  sophomore  year  and 
enlisting  in  the  22d  Regiment,  N.  Y.  S.  M.  went  south 
during  the  civil  war;  he  was  afterwards  made  a 
lieutenant  in  one  of  the  New  York  volunteer  regi- 
ments, but  was  mustered  out  of  service.  He  subse- 
quently returned  to  the  front  and  took  part  in  the 
engagements  precipitated  by  Lee's  invasion  of  Penn- 
sylvania. Returning  to  New  York,  he  studied  law  in 
the  office  of  Vail,  Field  &  Sedgewick,  and  also  entered 
Columbia  College  Law  School,  where  he  was  graduated 
with   distinction.     After  being  associated  for  a  time  r,c„akb  B,  Greenwood,  Jr. 


MEN   OF   THE  TIME. 


i°SS 


with  another  prominent  New  York  law  firm,  he  went  to  Chicago,  where  he  engaged  in  the  tea  business  and 
became  the  representative  of  a  large  establishment  m  New  York.  He  returned  to  New  York  in  1873  and 
resumed  his  law  practice.  He  is  the  son  of  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Hoppock  &  Greenwood  of  New  York 
and  is  a  nephew  of  the  late  Henry  C.  Murphy. 

Francis  H.  McGuire,  who  is  serving  his  second  term  in  the  board   of  supervisors  as  the  representa- 
tive from  the  ninth  ward,  is  generally  recognized  by  his  colleagues  as  the  leader  of  the  J)emocratic  majority 


Francis  H.  McGuire. 


in  the  county  legislature.  He  has  always  lived  in  the  ninth  ward  since  his  birth  there  more  than  forty  years 
ago.  For  some  years  he  was  connected  with  the  sheriff's  office  and  served  as  a  deputy  under  Sheriff  Riley 
and  as  executive  clerk  under  Sheriff  Farley.  He  is  a  member  of  some  of  the  most  important  committees  of 
the  board,  including  those  on  laws  and  applications  to  legislature,  hall  of  records,  contracts,  homes  and  orphan 
asylums,  and  jurors.  He  figures  with  considerable  prominence  in  the  ranks  of  fraternal  and  benevolent 
organizations,  being  a  member  of  Amaranth  Council,  Royal  Arcanum;  the  Catholic  Benevolent  Legion  and 
other  associations.  He  is  engaged  in  business  on  Atlantic  avenue  as  an  undertaker  and  lives  at  320  Park 
place. 

Samuel  S.  Utter  has  been  a  resident  of  Brooklyn  since  1843  and  has  been  actively  identified  with  the 
cause  of  religion  during  all  those  years,  having  been  connected  with  the  Sands  Street  M.  E.  Church  from 
his  boyhood,  when  he  was  a  member  of  the  Sunday-school,  and  retaining  his  connection  until  five  years  ago, 
since  which  time  his  church  connections  have  been  with  the  Summerfield  M.  E.  Church.  He  has  filled 
various  important  positions  in  both  church  and  Sunday-school,  such  as  trustee,  steward,  Sunday-school 
superintendent,  president  of  the  missionary  society,  and  so  forth;  he  is  at  the  present  time  one  of  the  trustees 
of  the  Sands  Street  M.  E.  Church.  He  is  engaged  in  the  stove  business,  which  he  learned  with  his  father, 
Samuel  Utter,  who  made  the  first  cooking  stove  in  which  anthracite  coal  was  burned  and  received  a  silver 
medal  in  1835  foi"  his  device,  and  who  was  subsequently  the  patentee  of  a  number  of  improvements  in 
stoves.  The  son  was  sixteen  years  old  when  he  was  first  employed  by  his  father,  and  he  has  been  located 
in  New  York  during  the  whole  of  his  business  career.  He  was  born  in  Albany,  N.  Y.,  on  January  4,  1S29. 
His  ancestry  extends  back  to   the   Dutch  settlers  of  the  Mohawk  valley.     His   parents  removed  to   New 


ios6 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 


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J^'^^^ 

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a0^         --^ 

Jesse  A.  Crandall. 


York  when  he  was  a  boy  and  he  attended  school  in  that  city  until  the  removal  of  the  family  to  Brooklyn, 
where  his  education  continued  two  years  longer.  On  April  23,  1851,  he  married  Sarah  Sanford  and  he  has 
one  son.     His  home  is  at  the  Hotel  St.  George. 

Jesse  A.  Crandall  is  a  name  that  suggests  a  world  of  juvenile  enjoy- 
ment.    During  all  his  busy  life  he  has  directed  his   energies  to  devising 
healthy  pleasure  for  the  little  ones,  and  the   evidence  of  his  success  is  to 
be  seen  in  many  inventions  representing  Wonderland  to  the  infantile  mind. 
He  has  taken  out  more  than  one  hundred  patents  and  has  made  glad  the 
hearts  of  millions  of  children.     In  this  work  he  has  followed  in  the  foot- 
steps of  his  father,  who  was  engaged  for  many  years  in  the  manufacture 
of  wagons  and   carriages  in   New  York  city  and  eventually  added  to  his 
business  the  manufacturing   of  hobby-horses    and    baby  carriages.      The 
son  began  to  exercise  his  inventive    talent  in   1850,  at  a  time  when  his 
father  was  extending  his  business.     He  produced  the  spring  rocking-horse 
which  was  advertised  all  over  the  country  with  the  result  that  a  prosperous 
business  was  transacted.     About   1870  he  moved  to  Brooklyn  and  began 
business  at   the  corner  of  Orange  and   Fulton  streets,  where  he  manufac- 
tured babies'  carriages,  rocking-horses  and  other  children's  articles  which 
he  had  patented.     His  inventions  multiplied  and  his  business  grew.     He 
was  born  in   Plainfield,  Conn.,  on  October  20,  1832,  and  was  educated  at 
an   old-fashioned  primary  school  in  that  town.     His  father  moved  to  New 
York  m  1840  and  he  received  his  common  school  and  business  training  in  that  city.     He   is  a  32°  Mason 
and  a  member  of  Brooklyn  Consistory.     For  the  past  nine  years  he  has  been  connected  with  the  Rev.  T. 
DeWitt  Talmage's  church,  where  he  is  one  of  the  ushers;  formerly  he  was  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church 
m  New  York,  of  which  the  Rev.  Thomas  Armitage,  D.  D.,  was  pastor,  and  later  he  was  connected  with  the 
old  First  Baptist  Church  in  Brooklyn.     He  has  four  daughters,  all  of  whom  are  married,  and  one  son. 

^  It  IS  not  usual  for  men,  even  in  this  progressive  age  and  country,  to  rise  to  any  measure  of  distinction  in 
legislative  affairs,  local  or  otherwise,  while  still  counting  their  years  on  the  brighter  side   of  thirty.     One  of 
the  few  who  have  proved  the  rule  by  becoming  an  exception  is  George  Cochran  Broome,  the  youngest 
member  of  the  Kings  County  board  of  supervisors.     While  exerting  considerably  more  than  a  passive  influ- 
ence in  the  deliberations  of  that  body,  he  has  also  attained  prominence  in  social  and  military  circles  on  both 
sides  of  the  East  river.     On  October  17,  1890,  he  was  commissioned  captain  in  the  32d  regiment.     He  is  a 
member  of  the  Brooklyn,  Crescent  Athletic,  and  Con- 
stitution clubs,  of  Brooklyn,  and  the  St.  Nicholas  and 
Huguenot  societies.  Sons  of  the  Revolution,  and  Bad- 
minton Club,  New  York.     He  was  one  of  the  organi- 
zers of  the  Brooklyn  Polo  Club,  is  a  member  of  the 
Westchester  Polo  Club,  and  is  accounted  one  of  the 
most  expert   players  in  the  last-named  organization. 
He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Military  Order  of  the 
Loyal  Legion  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  Aztec 
Society  of  the  Mexican  War.     On  the  other  side  of  the 
Atlantic  also  he  is  socially  connected,  being  a  member 
of  the  Londonderry  Polo  Club  of  Ireland.      In  the 
autumn  of  1891  he  entered  the  political  field  as  a  can- 
didate for  supervisor  and  was  elected  to  that  office  by 
the  voters  of  the  first  ward,  being  the  first  Democrat 
thus  honored.     He  was  born  in  Brooklyn  in  December, 
1866,  and  was  educated  at  the  Juvenile  High  School 
and  the  Polytechnic  Institute.     His  father,  Colonel  T. 
Lloyd    Broome,    served    as   adjutant  of  the    Second 
Battalion,   U.   S.   Marines,   during  the  Mexican  war, 
and  was  fleet  marine  officer  of  Farragut's  squadron 
at   New  Orleans  during  the  war  of  secession.     The 
Broome   family   is    a    distinguished  one    and   figures 
eminently   in    colonial    history.     J.    L.   Broome,   the 
grandfather    of    Supervisor    Broome,    was   a  militia 
captain    during    the    war  of   1812,   and  in   1815   and 
1822  he  served  the  commonwealth  in  the  respective 


•K/«t<i'i^,..v^    Cvi/^*^.,^  /rhrv>*i^Lf 


MEN   OF   THE   TIME. 


1057 


capacities  of  county  clerk  of  New  York  and  member  of  assembly.  Supervisor  Broome's  ^reat-grand- 
father  was  lieutenant-governor  of  New  York  state  and  a  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  revolutionary  army 
From  him  Broome  street  in  New  York  took  its  name,  while  Broome  County  also  preserves  the  family 
patronymic  as  well  as  the  family  arms  on  its  seal.  Mr.  Broome's  mother  was  Mary  Cochran,  sister  of  Drs 
John  and  George  Cochran,  of  Brooklyn. 

Charles  C.  Alden,  who  is  engaged  in  banking  in  New  York  in  connection  with  the  Nineteenth  Ward 
Bank,  has  been  identified  with  that  institution  seven  years.  He  was  born  at  Glens  Falls,  N  Y  on  June  19 
1852,  and  was  educated  at  Albany.  Two  years  of  his  life  were  passed  in  European  travel,  'on  April  7! 
1883,  he  married  Miss  Jennie  F.  Vail  in  Brooklyn. 

It  is  scarcely  probable  that  the  political  annals  of  Brooklyn  will  again  witness  for  some  time  a  fight 
more  interesting  than  the  triangular  contest  which  stirred  the  sixteenth  assembly  district  in  the  campaTgn 
of  1892.     The  success  of  the  Democratic  candidate  by  the  narrowest  margin  was  not  more  remarkable  than 


William   H.   Reynolds. 

the  popularity  and  strength  with  his  party  displayed  by  William  H.  Reynolds,  who  held  the  independent 
Republican  nomination.  His  candidacy  brought  out  a  heavy  vote,  which  served  to  show  how  pleasing  an 
impression  his  personality  and  principles  had  made  upon  all  classes,  and  also  demonstrated  that  he  was  able 
to  cope  creditably  with  those  who,  while  of  his  own  political  faith,  had  followed  methods  of  party  leader- 
ship that  provoked  hostile  criticism  from  other  elements  in  the  ranks  of  Republicans.  He  is  the  son  of  a 
man  who  is  generally  reputed  to  be  wealthy,  but  to  this  fortunate  circumstance  his  success  in  life  cannot  in 
any  way  be  attributed,  unless  the  influence  of  heredity  be  reckoned  in  the  account.  His  early  years — and 
he  is  not  yet  thirty — were  marked  by  much  that  gave  abundant  promise  of  future  distinction.  He  accepted 
and  successfully  carried  to  completion  a  contract  for  building  a  house  when  his  knowledge  of  such  matters 
was  limited  by  the  narrowest  bounds.  He  operated  on  Wall  Street  until  he  found  that  more  capital  than  he 
possessed  was  necessary  to  conduct  profitably  negotiations  in  the  swirling  eddies  of  speculation.  He 
resumed  his  earlier  occupation  as  a  builder  and  through  the  relations  of  his  business  quickly  made  himself 
a  potent  influence  among  his  rivals  and  associates  in  the  upper  section  of  the  city.     He  succeeded  in  pur- 


1058 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 


Freuehick   Mitchell  Munroe. 


chasing  a  large  and  desirable  block  of  real  estate  on 
Halsey  street  and  the  property  thus  acquired  has  been 
covered  with  dwellings  which  rank  among  the  finest 
in  Brooklyn.  He  was  born  in  the  twenty-fifth  ward, 
with  the  interests  of  which  he  and  his  father  have 
been  more  immediately  identified  than  with  any  other 
division  of  the  municipality.  The  parental  home 
stood  in  that  block  of  buildings  which  the  elder  Rey- 
nolds erected  and  which  by  popular  consent  has  borne 
his  name  until  the  present  time.  He  was  educated 
at  public  school  No.  35  and  was  afterwards  graduated 
from  the  central  grammar  school.  Illness  prevented 
hun  from  finishing  his  educational  career  in  a  colle- 
giate course,  but  his  powers  of  judgment  and  his 
natural  abilities  were  sufliciently  developed  when  he 
began  business  to  make  him  independent  of  further 
training.  He  is  a  characteristic  American  of  the 
younger  generation  and  has  won  his  position  in  life 
solely  by  his  own  energy  and  determination. 

Frederick  Mitchell  Munroe,  editor  and  one 
of  the  two  founders  of  Brooklyn  Life,  was  born  in 
Cambridge,  Mass.,  about  thirty  years  ago.  He  comes 
of  colonial  stock,  his  great-grandfather.  Colonel 
William  Munroe,  having  been  orderly  sergeant  of 
Captain  Parker's  company  of  minute-men  m  the 
first  engagement  with  Pitcairn's  men,  at   Lexington, 

Mass.,  when  the  war  of  the  Revolution  was  opened.     His  great-grandfather  on  his  mother's  side,  Isaac 

Hall,  was  captam   of  the    first  company  of  minute-men  organized   in   the   famous   old   town    of    Medford, 

Mass.     Mr.  Munroe  was  graduated  from  A\'illiams  College,  Mass.,  in  the   class  of   1879.    After   graduation 

he  entered  the   Lowell  Machine   Shops,  at  Lowell,  Mass.,  and   learned  the   machinists'  trade  thoroughly. 

He  then  went  into  the  cotton-mills  of  the  Merrimac   Print    Works,   in  the  same   town,  to   learn   practically 

the  cotton  manufacturing  business,  but  after  spending   in  all  five  years  in  Lowell,  his  health  broke  down 

and  he  was  forced  to  give  up  and  travel  in  the  south. 

In    1 886   he   began    his   newspaper   work   as  reporter 

on  the  New  York  Sun.     From  the  Sun  he  went  to  the 

Brooklyn  Eagle,  and  from  that   paper  to   the   New 

York  Press,    where   he    filled   at   different   times   the 

positions  of  literary  editor,  exchange  editor,  assisting 

manager   editor,    and  editor    of  the   Sunday  edition. 

It   was  while  occupying  this  latter   place  that,  with 

Mr.  McKay,  he  established  Brooklyn  Life.      While  his 

parents    were   not   especially  literary   in   their  tastes, 

it  is  somewhat  remarkable  that  each  of  their  children 

should  be  connected  by  marriage  or  by  choice  of  oc- 
cupation   with    the   profession   of  letters.      His  elder 

sister  married  Rev.  Charles  E.  Stowe,  only  son  of  Har- 
riet Beecher  Stowe;  his  elder  brother.  Kirk  Munroe, 

the  well-known  writer  for  boys,  married  the  youngest 

daughter  of    Mrs.   Amelia   E.  Barr,  the  novelist;    his 

youngest  sister  married  the  youngest  son  of  the  late 

G.  P.  Putnam,  the  publisher,  and  he,  himself,  married 

the  youngest  daughter  of  the  late  Samuel  Bowles,  the 

famous  editor  of  the  Springfield  Repuhliean. 

John  Angus  McKay,  president  of  the  Brooklyn 

Life   Publishing  Company,  was   born  in   r)gdensburg, 

St.    Lawrence  County,   N.   Y.,  on   October    ig,    1864. 

His  ancestors  came  from    Argyleshire,  Scotland,    his 

great-grandfather  being  a  master  ship-builder  in  the 

British    navy,    with   the    rank  of    lieutenant.       In    his  John  Angus  McKay. 


MEN    OF    THE    TIME. 


i<^S9 


youth  he  removed  with  his  parents  to  Oswego  County,  N.  Y.  He  was  educated  at  the  public  schools  and 
in  a  country  printing  office.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  had  acquired  a  fair  knowledge  of  the  printing  trade 
and  purchased  a  half  interest  in  the  Fulton  (N.  Y.)  Times,  which  paper  he  conducted  and  edited  until  he 
was  twenty-one.  About  this  time  his  ambition  led  him  to  seek  a  broader  field  of  journalism,  and,  in  18S5, 
he  sold  the  Times  and  accepted  a  reportorial  position  on  the  New  York  Su/i.  From  the  Sun  he  transferred 
his  labors  to  the  Brooklyn  Eagle,  on  which  paper  he  did  special  writing  for  three  years,  at  the  same  time 
doing  similar  work  for  the  New  York  Herald,  6'////,  and  Press.  In  1890,  in  company  with  F.  M.  Munroe, 
he  established  Brooklyn  Life.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Oxford  Club  and  the  First  Ward  Democratic  Club. 

As  editor  and  publisher  of  a  journal  devoted  to  the  interests  of  newspaper  men  Allan  Forman  holds  a 
unique  position  in  the  fraternity  of  which  he  has  been  a  member  from  his  boyhood.     He  has  done  a  great 
variety  of  newspaper  work  and  has  made  reputation  by  writing  for  leading  publications,  to  which  he  has 
been  an  industrious  contributor.     His  literary  style  is  strong  and  graceful.     In  addition  to  his  ability  as  a 
writer  he  is  possessed  of  marked  talent  for  business,  and  exercises  it  with  a  spirit  of  determination  which 
has  invariably  won  success  in  his  enterprises.     He  was  born  on  September  27,  i860.     While  at  school  his 
literary  tastes  manifested  themselves  and  he  was  encouraged  in  them  by  such  men  as  Thomas  Kinsella  of 
the  Eagle  and  S.  S.  Conant  of  Harper  s  Weekly.     Mr. 
Kinsella  selected  him  to  represent  the  Eagle  on  the 
Pacific  Coast  at  the   time    of    the    Sand    Lots  riots, 
and   although    he    was  only    eighteen    years   old   he 
was    allowed    to    select  for   himself  the    side  to  be 
taken    in    the    controversy   in    his    correspondence. 
After    his    return    he    began    his    career    as   a    story 
writer  and  at  the  same   time  prepared   for  college, 
entering  Williams  College  as  a  junior  in   1880.     Dur- 
ing his  course  there  he   established  a   paper  named 
the  Argo,  in  opposition  to  the  Athcnaum,  the  regular 
college    paper,    and    conducted    it    brilliantly.       For 
three  years  after  leaving  college  he  edited  the  Brooklyn 
Advanee,  in  which  he  had  bought  a  half  interest.     Sell- 
ing out  this   interest  he  was  associated    some    time 
with  Charles   A.  Byrne  in  the  Dramatic    Times,  and 
also  did  much  general  newspaper  work.      The  Journal- 
ist, to  which  he  now  devotes  his  principal  efforts,  was 
issued   first  on  March   22,  1884,  its   projectors   being 
Leander  Richardson,  Charles  A.  Byrne,  and  Mr.  For- 
man.    Seven  months  after  the  first  number  appeared, 
Mr.   Forman  became  sole  proprietor,  and  from  that 
time  he  has  conducted  the  publication  with  constant 
success,  making  it  a  distinct  force  among  newspaper 
men.     He  continues   his  literary  and    special    news- 
paperwork  and  is  one  of  the  most  industrious  men  in 
his  profession.     In  1885  he   married   Miss    Florence 
Fenn,  daughter  of  Harry  Fenn,  the  artist.  „      „  j  , 

Abraham  Gould  Jennings  was  born  in  Fairfield  County,  Conn.,  on  August  28,  1821,  and  was  edu- 
cated at  the  schools  of  his  native  town.  He  came  to  Brooklyn  in  1836.  His  business  career  began  in  New 
York  city  in  1836,  when  he  became  clerk  for  his  brother-in-law,  J.  S.  Pierson,  in  the  wholesa  e  clothing 
business;  he  was  admitted  to  partnership  in  1844.  On  the  retirement  of  Mr.  Pierson,  m  1857,  the  firm  was 
reorganized  under  the  name  Jennings,  Wheeler  &  Co.  Mr.  Jennings,  in  1867,  purchased  a  small  ace  fac- 
tory in  Jersey  City,  N.  J.;  in  1871  he  purchased  a  site  on  the  corner  of  Park  avenue  and  Hall  street, 
Brooklyn,  on  which  he  erected  an  extensive  structure,  with  largely  increased  facilities,  his  plant  including 
the  famous  Jacquard  looms  and  various  other  machines  of  the  most  improved  patterns  ^\h.le  others  have 
since  engaged  in  this  line  of  manufacture,  he  was  the  pioneer.  The  Jennings  Lace  Works  now  incorpo- 
rated, gives  employment  to  over  700  persons.  It  has  done  much  to  add  to  the  business  of  I^ooklyn.  Mr. 
Jennings  has  been  a  director  of  the  Silk  Association,  of  America,  since  its  orgamzation.  He  married,  in 
18S1,  Miss  Cecilia  M.  Douglass,  daughter  of  John  Post  Douglass,  of  New  York  city.  His  residence  is  at 
313  Clinton  avenue,  and  he  is  a  member  of  the  Clinton  Avenue  Congregational  Cluirch. 

Charles  Hen^v  Reynolds,  founder  and  senior  partner  of  the  firm   of  C.  H   Reynolds,  Sons  eV  Com- 
pany, of  New  York,  was  born  in   New   York   city,   on  July   21,  1837.     When  twelve   years  of  age  he  wa 
appr  nticed  as  a  bookbinder  with  Harper  Brothers,  New  York,  and   served  his  full  time  of  nearly  seven 


Allan  Forman. 


jo5o  THE    EAGLE   AND   BROOKLYN. 

years.  He  then  worked  two  years  as  a  journeyman.  Since  1850  he  has  lived  in  Brooklyn.  He  leased  a 
lot  of  ground  on  Grand  street,  and  erected  a  small  buildmg  of  rough  boards,  and  began  selling  kerosene 
oil  at  r'etail,  which  business  developed  into  the  trade  in  oil,  coal,  and  wood,  from  which  grew  the  large  coal 
and  wood  enterprise  of  the  existing  firm.  He  is  married,  his  wife  having  been  Miss  Naomi  Adeline 
Yander  Water,  of  South  Oyster  Bay,  L.  L;  they  have  had  ten  children,  six  sons  and  four  daughters. 


Henry  M.  Johnston. 

Henry  M.  Johnston,  well-known  throughout  the  city  as  a  collector  of  pictures,  is  a  native  of  New 
York  city,  where  he  was  born  in  1831.  His  education  was  obtained  at  a  private  school,  and  after  his  gradua- 
tion he  entered  the  employ  of  a  mercantile  house,  but  afterward  became  a  professional  photographer  with 
M.  B.  Brady,  with  whom  he  continued  until  1865.  In  that  year  he  embarked  in  the  manufacture  of  card 
board,  which  he  gave  up  to  become  a  manufacturer  of  dry  paints  after  an  invention  of  his  own.  His  factory 
is  in  Brooklyn.  He  is  married  and  has  two  daughters — also  married.  He  is  domestic  in  his  tastes,  having  no 
club  or  society  affiliation  except  with  the  masonic  fraternity.  A  description  of  his  art  collection  is  given 
in  the  chapter  on  Literature  and  the  Fine  Arts. 

Frkuerick  H.  Herrick  was  born  in  New  York  on  April  29,  1853.  His  father,  J.  J.  Herrick,  was  a 
prominent  shipping  merchant  in  that  city  and  in  the  later  years  of  his  life  held  office  in  the  custom-house 
of  this  port.  He  built  the  first  house  on  Twentieth  street,  New  York,  when  that  locality  wore  a  decidedly 
countrified  aspect.  The  son  was  educated  in  his  native  city  and  after  leaving  school  was  employed  by  J.  S. 
Kennedy  &  Co.,  now  J.  Kennedy,  Tod  &  Co.,  with  whom  he  has  since  remained,  advancing  through  every 
grade  to  the  position  of  cashier  and  general  manager,  which  he  now  holds.  He  married  Miss  Lizzie  Chase 
Candler,  a  daughter  of  Samuel  Candler,  an  employee  of  the  New  York  custom-house.  He  is  fond  of  litera- 
ture and  has  travelled  extensively,  qualifications  which  render  him  prominent  and  popular  in  society.  His 
home  is  at  151  St.  Marks  avenue. 

Frederick  H.  Trowbridge,  secretary  of  the  South  Brooklyn  Savings  Bank,  was  born  in  New  Haven 
on  September  18,  1813.  In  1836,  he  left  his  birthplace  and  went  to  New  York  city,  engaging  in  the  iron 
business  on  his  arrival  there.  ^Vhen  he  became  a  resident  of  Brooklyn  in  1853,  he  formed  a  connection  with 
Christ  Church  and  he  is  now  ]:)robably  the  oldest  male  member  of  the  congregation;  he  has  served  many 
years  as  vestryman  and  warden.     Soon  after  his  settlement  in  this  city  he  was  chosen  trustee  of  the  South 


MEN    OF    THE   TIME. 


io6i 


Walter  S,  Carter. 


Brooklyn  Savings  Bank,  of  which,  for  the  last  twelve 
years,  he  has  been  secretary.  In  1837,  he  married 
Miss  Jane  Southmayd  of  New  York.  They  have  eight 
children,  of  whom  four  daughters  lived  to  attain 
womanhood.  In  1853,  his  first  wife  having  died  some 
years  before,  he  married  Miss  Mary  D.  Rice,  sister 
of  the  late  Judge  Rice  of  New  Haven,  Conn. 

Walter  S.  Carter  was  born  in  Barkhamsted, 
Connecticut,  on  February  24,  1833.  He  is  descended 
from  the  Rev.  Thomas  Carter,  who  emigrated  to  this 
country  from  England,  in  1639,  and  settled  in  Woburn, 
Massachusetts.  He  has  also  a  revolutionary  an- 
cestry, his  grandfather  on  his  mother's  side,  William 
Taylor,  having  served  under  Washington  and  fought 
at  the  battle  of  Monmouth.  Educated  at  a  district 
school  in  his  native  town,  he  began  the  study  of 
law  in  an  ofifice  at  Plymouth,  Connecticut,  in  1850; 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Middletown  in  1855, 
and  subsequently  settled  in  Chicago.  After  the 
great  fire  he  came  to  New  York  in  the  winter  of  1872 
as  the  legal  representative  of  the  creditors  of  the 
bankrupt  fire  insurance  companies,  intending  to  re- 
turn, but  within  three  years  he  was  at  the  head  of 
a  firm  doing  a  large  business  and  decided  to  remain 
in  New  York.  He  has  been  a  generous  contributor 
to  the  musical  art  of  Brooklyn,  by  the  gift  to  the  New 
York  Avenue  M.  E.  Church,  of  which  he  is  a  trustee,  of  one  of  the  largest  organs  ever  constructed.  He 
has  also  lectured  on  art  subjects  before  the  Union  League  Club,  Brooklyn,  of  whose  executive  and  art 
committees  he  has  been  a  member,  and  before  the  Woman's  Club  of  Wisconsin,  at  Milwaukee,  and  else- 
where. He  is  a  member  of  the  Lawyers'  and  Grolier  clubs,  of  New  York,  and  was  one  of  the  incorporators 
of  the  Brooklyn  Institute  of  Arts  and  Sciences.  He  is  one  of  the  oldest  members  in  continuous  service 
of  the  Kings  County  Republican  General  Committee,  being  the  executive  member  from  the  twenty-fourth 

ward,  where  he  resides.  His  contributions  to  jour- 
nalism have  been  frequent  and  thirty  years  ago  he 
compiled  "The  Wisconsin  Code,"  a  volume  which 
found  general  use  at  that  time  among  Wisconsin 
lawyers.  He  has  been  three  times  married;  in  1855 
to  Miss  Antoinette  Smith,  of  New  Hartford,  Connec- 
ticut, who  died  in  1S65;  in  1867  to  Miss  Mary  Jones, 
of  Frederick,  Maryland,  who  died  in  1869,  and  in 
1870,  to  Miss  Harriet  Cook  of  Chicago. 

Edward  J.  McKeever  was  born  on  March  19, 
1859;  his  parents'  home  at  the  time  of  his  birth  stood 
not  far  from  the  present  Sands  street  entrance  to  the 
Brooklyn  bridge.  He  was  educated  at  the  public 
schools  of  this  city  and  at  the  age  of  thirteen  became 
a  clerk  with  the  Plume  &  Atwood  Manufacturing 
Company  of  New  York,  dealers  in  brass  goods.  He 
remained  four  years  and  during  the  next  two  years  he 
peddled  tea.  He  spent  some  time  in  the  mailing  and 
addressing  business  and  then  engaged  in  contracting 
enterprises.  He  has  been  very  successful  and  owes  his 
;  good  fortune   solely  to  his  own  energy  and  shrewd- 

t  ness.     He  is  president  of  the  Brooklyn  Laundry  Com- 

pany and  a  member  of  the  Union  Democratic  Club. 
■  He  is  unmarried  and  lives  at  105  St.  Marks  place. 

The  career   of    P.  J.   Carlin  has  been  marked 

- -._ i  by  many   commendable   achievements.     At    the  age 

Edward  J.  McKeever.  o^  twelve    he   left    school  in    Order  to    learn,   under 


io62 


THE    EAGLE   AND   BROOKLYN. 


his  father's  supervision,  the  trade  of  a  builder.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  was  his  father's  foreman  and 
upon  the  attainment  of  his  majority  he  was  admitted  to  a  partnership  in  the  business  in  which  his 
father  controlled.  Five  years  afterwards  he  made  an  independent  venture  and  now  he  stands  at  the 
head  of  a  firm,  which  within  twelve  months  executed  contracts  amounting  in  their  aggregate  valuation 
to  more  than  three  million  dollars.  His  business  activities  have  not  prevented  his  devoting  a  certain 
amount  of  time  to  the  culture  of  his  social  and  mental  endowments.  As  a  presiding  officer  of  the  Colum- 
bian Club  he  delivered  the  address  which  publicly  welcomed  Bishop  McDonnell  to  the  diocese  of 
Long  Island,  upon  the  occasion  of  a  reception  given  to  that  prelate  in  the  Brooklyn  Academy  of  Music 
in  May,  1892.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Prospect  Cxun  Club;  a  director  in  the  Metropolitan  Motor  Supply 
Company  and  a  member  of  the  Church  of  the  Sacred  Heart  on  Clermont  avenue.  Until  1893  he  was  presi- 
dent of  the  Columbian  Club.     He  was  born  in   County  Donegal,  Ireland,  on  July  i,  1850;  his  parents  emi- 


grated to  America  when  he  was  only  a  year  old  and  his  education  was  begun  and  finished  in  this  city.  He 
was  a  pupil  at  the  parochial  school  of  St.  Mary's  Star  of  the  Sea  until  the  beginning  of  his  thirteenth  year. 
Some  time  afterwards  he  aided  in  the  work  of  erecting  a  new  building  for  the  accommodation  of  the  insti- 
tution where  he  had  acquired  his  early  training.  After  entering  upon  his  apprenticeship  with  his  father  he 
attended  for  five  years  a  night  school  kept  by  William  J.  Dainty.  Before  he  had  reached  his  majority,  he 
was  supervising  foreman  in  the  construction  of  such  buildings  as  St.  Charles  Borromeo's  Church  on  Sidney 
place  and  the  Planet  Mills,  owned  by  Buchanan  &  Lyall.  Within  recent  years  his  firm  has  held  the  con- 
tracts for  the  mason  work  on  the  new  post  office  building,  the  hall  of  records,  the  Adams  street  police  court, 
public  schools  N(«.  3,  7,  40,  and  84,  the  Brooklyn  Bank,  the  Brooklyn  Savings  Bank,  the  International  Tile 
Works,  the  Memorial  Presbyterian  Church,  St.  Raphael's  Church  at  Blissville,  L.  I., the  new  fire  headquarters, 
the  boy's  high  school  on  Marcy  avenue,  and  various  other  public  buildings  and  residences.  In  1872  he 
married  Miss  Katie  M.  Lennon,  daughter  of  Arthur  Lennon  of  Williamsburg;  they  have  five  sons  and  three 
daughters. 


MEN    OF    THE   TIME. 


1063 


.^^ 


In  1813  there  was  born  in  Monmouthshire,  Eng- 
land, a  bo}'  who  has  been  for  )'ears  one  of  the  most 
progressive  and  respected  citizens  of  Brooklyn. 
Charles  Jenkins  was  but  a  youth  when  he  came  to 
America  in  1829;  he  apprenticed  himself  to  a  pub- 
lisher in  New  York  during  the  following  year.  He 
learned  the  trade  of  printing  and  bookbinding,  and 
soon  engaged  in  business  as  a  bookbinder  and  ])aper 
manufacturer,  operating  in  partnership  a  mill  in  Ulster 
County,  N.  Y.  In  1846  he  moved  to  Brooklyn,  and 
has  been  a  resident  of  this  city  since  that  time,  with 
the  exception  of  one  year  spent  in  Ohio.  In  1852  the 
East  River  Bank  was  organized  and  he  was  chosen  a 
director.  In  1857  the  president  of  the  bank,  David 
Banks,  was  stricken  with  paralysis,  and  Mr.  Jenkins 
was  selected  to  succeed  him  and  has  been  annually 
reelected  to  the  present  time.  In  1865  the  bank  was 
reorganized  as  a  national  bank,  and  in  1885  the 
charter  was  extended  for  a  period  of  twenty  years. 
In  1852  he  built  the  house  he  now  occupies,  at  22 
Monroe  place.  In  i860  he  was  elected  to  represent 
the  third  ward  in  the  board  of  aldermen,  an  office  he 
filled  with  much  honor  to  himself  and  to  the  complete 
satisfaction  of  his  constituents.  He  was  made  a 
member  of  the  New  York  Chamber  of  Commerce, 
but  resigned  twelve  months  later,  as  his  business  pre- 
vented his  full  performance  of  a  member's  duties. 
He  has  been  a  member  of  the  New  York  clearing- 
house since  the  time  he  became  president  of  the  East 
River  Bank.     For  thirty  years  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  C.  C.  Hall's  church. 

Daniel  S.  Arnold  has  devoted  his  undivided  attention  to  real  estate  interests  in  Brooklyn  for  more 
than  twenty  years,  having  retired  from  successful  mercantile  pursuits  in  1869,  for  the  purpose  of  looking 
after  his  large  investments  in  realty.  From  the  year  1846  he  has  lived  in  Brooklyn.  He  was  for  twenty 
years  one  of  the  trustees  of  Plymouth  Church.  His  home  is  at  25  Monroe  place,  but  he  spends  much  of  his 
time  in  the  summer  at  Saratoga,  and  in  the  winter  he  goes  to  Florida.  The  town  of  Thompson,  Windham 
County,  the  northeast  township  in  Connecticut,  is  his  native  place  and  he  was  born  on  July  27,  1817.  After 
completing  his  studies  at  the  Dudley  Academy  in  ^Vorcester  County,  Mass.,  at  the  age  of  eighteen  he 
obtained  employment  in  a  general  store  and  retained  his  position  several  years.  Then  he  went  to  Utica, 
N.  Y.,  and  began  a  general  trade.  In  1846  he  transferred  his  energies  to  New  York  city,  opening  a  store  at 
the  corner  of  Pearl  and  Pine  streets  and  making  his  home  in  Brooklyn.  He  had  married  at  Ashford,  Conn., 
in  1S44,  Miss  Louise  Mixter,  who  was  the  daughter  of  the  Rev.  George  Mixter,  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
Church  in  that  place,  and  for  nearly  half  a  century  their  happy  married  life  continued;  she  died  on 
January  23,  1892.  Mr.  Arnold  has  five  children — three  sons   and  two  daughters. 

The  career  of  Charles  Edmeston  Robertson,  vice-president  of  the  Brooklyn  Lumber  Company,  is 
an  illustration  of  the  energy  and  adaptability  to  circumstance  which  are  characteristics  of  the  American 
people.  Although  he  is  not  yet  thirty  years  old,  he  has  attained  a  prominent  position  in  the  business  world 
and  has  made  an  excellent  reputation  as  a  public  speaker.  He  has  devoted  a  large  portion  of  his  leisure 
to  literary  work,  for  which  he  has  a  great  liking;  in  the  forum  of  debate  he  is  always  at  home,  and  he  has 
been  a  member  of  several  debating  societies,  being  at  the  present  time  president  of  the  Saturday  Night 
Club.  With  an  inherited  taste  for  politics,  he  has  distinguished  himself  as  a  campaign  speaker,  a  role  in  which 
he  made  \i\^  debut  in  the  Harrison  campaign  of  1888,  when  he  was  one  of  the  speakers  with  the  late  James  G. 
Blaine,  at  one  of  the  largest  political  meetings  ever  held  in  Brooklyn.  He  abandoned  the  Republican  party 
in  the  campaign  of  1892,  because  of  his  conviction  that  its  policy  of  restricted  trade  menaced  the  best  inter- 
ests of  the  country.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Crescent  Athletic  Club.  He  was  born  in  Albany,  N.  Y.,  on  August 
14,  1863,  and  is  of  Scottish  blood,  on  both  the  paternal  and  maternal  sides.  His  father  is  Alexander  Rob- 
ertson, of  Albany,  and  his  mother,  whose  maiden  name  was  Janet  Edmeston,  is  a  native  of  Scotland.  Mr. 
Robertson,  Sr.  was  at  one  time  a  leading  business  man  in  Albany  and  was  for  many  years  a  member  of  the 
state  legislature.  It  was  his  intention  that  his  son  should  become  a  lawyer,  but  the  family  experienced 
reverses  which  made  it  necessary  for  him  to  choose  some  other  vocation.     He  received  his  early  education  at 


1064 


THE   EAGLE   AND   BROOKLYN. 


a  popular  private  school  and  then  for  three  years 
was  a  student  at  the  Albany  high  school.  For  two 
years  after  leaving  the  high  school  he  attended  the 
Albany  Business  College,  and  at  the  same  time  served 
as  a  messenger  in  the  state  senate,  having  received 
the  appointment  through  the  influence  of  Lieutenant- 
Governor  Hoskins,  who  was  a  strong  personal  friend 
of  his  father;  he  held  that  appointment  during  four 
sessions  and  won  many  friends  by  his  fidelity  and 
pleasant  manners.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  came 
to  New  York  and  became  a  clerk  in  the  comptroller's 
office  of  the  West  Shore  Railway  Company.  Two 
years  later  he  was  made  assistant-paymaster,  and 
served  in  that  capacity  until  the  railway  was  leased 
by  the  New  York  Central  Railroad  Company,  when 
he  was  transferred  to  the  finance  department  of  that 
company.  He  remained  in  the  railroad  business 
several  years  longer  and  was  one  of  the  trusted  em- 
ployees of  the  New  York  Central,  but  finally  he  tired 
of  clerical  work  and  engaged  in  the  wholesale  and  re- 
tail lumber  and  timber  trade,  selecting  Brooklyn  as 
his  field  of  operation.  He  took  an  active  part  in  the 
organization  of  the  Brooklyn  Lumber  Company  and 
was  chosen,  vice-president.  By  his  sagacious  and 
energetic  performance  of  his  duties  he  has  contrib- 
uted largely  to  the  success  of  the  enterprise.  In 
addition  to  his  duties  in  the  lumber  company  he  dis- 
charges those  of  trustee  of  the  Gumming  estate  in 
Albany,  of  which  he  was  the  administrator. 
As  a  promoter  of  public  enterprises  of  importance  to  Brooklyn,  and  as  one  who  has  retired  from  the 
field  of  active  politics  where  his  name  had  become  synonymous  with  uprightness  and  probity,  George 
Huntington  Fisher  now  enjoys,  in  the  afternoon  of  a  busy  life,  universal  respect  and  esteem.  He  was 
born  in  Oswego  on  May  7,  1832.  His  father,  George 
Fisher,  was  a  native  of  Franklin,  Mass.,  and  was  the 
first  lawyer  who  began  practice  in  Oswego  County. 
His  grandfather,  Jabez  Fisher,  was  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  provincial  congress  chosen  at  the  out- 
break of  the  Revolution  to  conduct  the  affairs  of  that 
commonwealth  until  a  state  government  could  be  or- 
ganized. Further  back,  the  paternal  ancestors  of  Mr. 
Fisher  came  from  Suffolk  County,  England,  and  set- 
tled at  Dedham,  Mass.,  while  his  maternal  progeni- 
tors, tlie  Huntingtons,  made  their  first  home  in  the 
new  world  upon  the  soil  of  Connecticut.  George  H. 
Fisher  was  graduated  at  Harvard  LIniversity  in  1852, 
and  two  years  later  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  New 
York  state  at  Utica.  The  same  year  he  became  a 
resident  of  Brooklyn  and  has  since  practised  law  in 
this  city.  Mr.  Fisher  has  always  been  a  staunch  ad- 
herent of  the  Republican  party,  except  during  the 
Cireeley-Grant  campaign  when,  like  many  others  of 
the  same  creed,  he  voted  for  the  great  journalist.  For 
two  years  he  represented  the  old  seventh  assembly 
district  in  the  state  legislature;  he  served  in  the 
municipal  government  during  a  period  of  ten  years 
as  a  member  of  the  common  council,  and  for  some 
time  presided  over  the  deliberations  of  that  body. 
He  has  been  a  member  of  the  board  of  supervisors 
and  of  the  board  of  education,  and  served  effectively  Geokge  h.  Fisher. 


MEN    OF   THE    TIME. 


1065 


as  registrar  in  bankruptcy,  a  position  to  wliicli  lie  was  appointed  by  Cliief  Justice  Cliase,  under  tiie 
national  bankruptcy  law.  He  was  one  of  tiie  charter  trustees,  and  still  holds  a  place  in  the'  executive 
board,  of  the  German  Savings  Bank,  and  is  secretary  and  counsel  to  the  mstitution.  He  was  one  of  the 
organizers  of  the  Broadway  Bank  and  has  been  since  the  organization  a  member  of  its  board  of  direct- 
ors. Since  1890  Mr.  Fisher,  as  president  of  the  Brooklyn  Citizens'  Bridge  Association,  which  numbers 
10,000  members,  has  contributed  greatly  toward  the  passage  through  the  state  legislature  of  the  bill 
authorizing  the  construction  of  the  bridge  across  the  East  river  from  the  foot  of  Broadway,  Brooklyn, 
to  Grand  street.  New  York.  He  has  been  a  trustee  and  secretary  of  the  Eastern  District  Industrial  School' 
and  is  now  president  of  the  Eastern  District  Dispensary.  He  has  been  married  twice.  His  first  wife  was  a 
Miss  Chichester,  his  second  a  Miss  Weeks. 


GEriRGE    S.  StuDWHLL. 

George  S.  Studweli.  was  born  in  January,  1848,  on  Columbia  Heights.  His  education  began  at  the 
age  of  seven,  when  he  entered  a  school  in  the  basement  of  what  is  now  a  Swedenborgian  church,  on  the  cor- 
ner of  Clark  street  and  Monroe  place.  While  studying  at  old  public  school  No.  13  and  making  preparations 
for  his  matriculation  at  Yale,  he  was  called  upon,  because  of  the  severe  illness  of  his  father,  to  take  charge 
of  the  books  and  correspondence  in  the  leather  establishment  kept  by  that  parent  on  Spruce  street,  in  the 
New  York  "swamp."  He  was  taken  into  partnership  in  1865,  and  conducted  the  business  thirteen  years 
until  he  became  interested  in  the  project  of  constructing  the  West  Shore  Railroad.  In  this  enterprise  most 
of  the  hard  work  in  collecting  details  and  statistics  and  procuring  right  of  way  devolved  upon  him.  In  the 
work  he  was  assisted  by  John  M.  Courtney.  Mr.  Studwell  demonstrated  the  feasibility  of  the  scheme 
to  the  complete  satisfaction  of  his  associates  and  a  company  was  organized  to  build  the  road,  of  which  he  was 
made  director  and  treasurer.  He  discharged  the  duties  of  those  offices  until  1884,  when  complete  nervous 
exhaustion,  superinduced  by  too  close  attention  to  business,  necessitated  retirement  from  active  life  for 
more  than  two  years.  He  is  an  investor,  and  officially  interested,  in  many  local  railroads,  gas  and  trust 
companies  and  financial  institutions.  In  1876  and  1877  (leneral  James  Jourdan  and  Colonel  Meeker  asso- 
ciated themselves  with  him  in  the  organization  of  the  Mutual  Gas  Company,  which  was  the  first  corpora- 
tion to  introduce  successfully  modern  methods  of  gas  making  in  Brooklyn.     In   1880  the   Fulton  Municipal 


io66  THE    EAGLE   AND    BROOKLYN. 

Gas  Company  was  organized.  The  plant  of  this  corporation  is  now  the  largest  one  in  Brooklyn.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Brooklyn  Club  and  is  identified  with  the  Union  League  Club  of  New  York  and  the  Tourelle 
Fish  and  Gun  Club,  which    has  its  headquarters  in  Quebec,  Canada. 

Hexry  GiNNF.i.  was  born  on  January  9,  1821,  in  the  town  of  Locle,  Switzerland,  and  after  leaving 
school  turned  his  attention  to  the  prevailing  industry  of  his  native  place.  When  he  came  to  America  at  the 
age  of  eighteen  he  was  already  an  expert  watchmaker.  He  landed  in  New  York  and  obtained  almost 
immediate  employment  at  his  trade  from  Frederick  Grossclaude.  After  working  steadily  at  his  bench  all 
day,  his  labor  was  often  continued  far  into  the  night,  when  he  added  to  his  earnings,  by  executing  small 
commissions  that  were  intrusted  to  his  personal  care.  By  economy  and  diligence  he  saved  money.  In  1847 
the  capital  at  his  command  was  sufficient  to  purchase  Mr.  Grossclaude's  entire  establishment.  He  extended 
his  business  from  time  to  time  and  now  is  senior  member  of  the  firm  of  Henry  Ginnel  &  Co.,  which  con- 
ducts one  of  the  largest  watch  and  jewelry  establishments  in  New  York.  He  is  domestic  in  his  tastes  and 
prefers  the  comforts  of  home  to  the  attractions  of  clubs,  but  he  is  a  Mason.  On  October  18,  1845,  he  married 
Miss  Clara  I-angrave.  Mr.  Ginnel's  city  home  is  at  262  Union  street;  in  addition  to  this  he  owns  a  country 
seat  at  Flempstead,  L.  L     He  worships  at  Christ  Church,  corner  of  Harrison  and  Clinton  streets. 

George    B.  Forrester    comes    from    an    old   New  York   family,  his 
'V;v "•-:-■  grandfather  having  been  one  of  the  first  attaches  of  the  New  York  post- 

office.  He  was  born  in  the  eleventh  ward  of  New  York  on  March  18,  1836, 
and  removed  with  his  parents  to  Brooklyn  in  1851.  At  about  the  same 
time  he  began  his  business  career  as  clerk  in  the  office  of  a  Wall  street  metal 
broker  and  continued  to  be  connected  with  the  iron  trade  until  he  succeeded 
his  father  in  business  in  1856.  The  greatest  part  of  his  business  life  has 
been  spent  in  the  manufacture  of  fertilizers  by  the  use  of  his  own  formulas. 
He  at  first  pursued  the  business  as  an  employee  of  the  firm  of  which  he 
subsequently  became  a  member;  but  he  has  been  engaged  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  fertilizing  products  for  himself  since  1880.  He  has  occupied  various 
official  positions  in  the  Republican  organization  of  Kings  County;  having 
been  vice-president  of  the  Republican  General  Committee,  the  candidate 
of  his  party  for  alderman-at-large,  and  an  influential  participant  in  its  local 
conventions.  For  twenty-six  years  he  has  been  connected  with  the  Tab- 
ernacle Baptist  Church,  of  which  he  is  senior  deacon  and  the  chairman  of 
the  board  of  trustees.     For  four  consecutive  terms  he  was  elected  modera- 

George  B.  Forrester.  ^  r    ^i        1  t    1        1    n       ^     ..     \  ■    ^-  u      ■  ^  r    ii       n       i-   ^ 

tor  or  the  Long  Island  Baptist  Association;  he  is  secretary  of  the  Baptist 
Home  of  Brooklyn  and  has  been  many  years  a  member  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  Brooklyn  Baptist 
Social  Union.  He  is  vice-president  and  executive  officer  of  the  Long  Island  Safe  Deposit  Company.  In 
1857  he  married  Miss  Fi^mily  M.  Brook  of    Brooklyn. 

Alex.ander  Mux.\  was  born  at  I^ondonderry,  Ireland,  on  April  3,  1831,  and  was  educated  at  Foyle 
College.  The  Munn  family  comes  from  a  member  of  a  famous  Scottish  clan  who  because  of  his  great  size 
was  called  "the  mickle  man,"  meaning  the  large  man.  Afterwards  the  family  was  designated  by  the  term 
"  muckle  men  "  which  was  abbreviated  to  McMunn  and  finally  modified  to  its  present  form.  Mr.  Munn's 
father  first  introduced  steam  navigation  in  the  English  Channel;  he  also  laid  the  foundation  of  the  linen 
manufacturing  which  has  since  rendered  the  north  of  Ireland  foremost  and  unrivaled  in  that  industry.  At 
the  age  of  sixteen,  having  already  completed  a  full  classical  course  at  college,  Alexander  Munn  joined  his 
father  in  the  transportation  business,  establishing  a  line  of  steamers  between  Londonderry  and  Liverpool, 
and  another  between  Londonderry  and  (;iasgow.  These  lines  were  pioneers  in  the  use  of  screws  for  steam- 
ship propulsion.  In  1851,  he  removed  to  Liverpool,  and  entered  the  grain  commission  business  with  his 
brother-in-law.  He  continued  the  importation  of  breadstuflls  from  the  United  States  until  i860,  when  he 
removed  his  business  to  New  York,  and  his  residence  to  Brooklyn.  In  1863,  he  again  became  interested  in 
transportation,  and  has  been  ever  since.  He  has  been  associated  with  the  New  York  Produce  Exchange 
from  its  inception;  for  nine  years  he  has  held  the  position  of  trustee  of  the  gratuity  fund  and  he  is 
chairman  of  the  board  of  trustees;  he  was  one  of  the  incorporators  of  the  Produce  Exchange  Bank  and 
has  been  one  of  the  directors  ever  since;  he  has  been  fifteen  years  a  trustee  of  the  South  Brooklyn  Savings 
Bank,  and  was  several  years  a  member  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  Brooklyn  Missionary  and  Tract 
Society.  He  joined  Christ  Church  in  1S68,  and  has  been  a  vestryman  since  1870.  He  was  chairman  of  the 
building  committee  of  the  new  building  of  the  mission  of  that  church  at  Red  Hook.  He  is  the  first  and 
only  secretary  of  the  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Children,  and  always  wears  the  badge  of  this 
societ)-.     In  iS57,at  Londonderry,  he  married  Miss  Margaret  E.  Orr. 

Ex-Sheriff  Ch.ari.es  B.  Farley  in  his  capacity  as  a  public  official  commanded  confidence  by  the 
exhibition  of  personal  courage  and  practical  ability  under  conditions  and  in  situations  which  required  the 


MEN    OF    THE    TIME. 


1067 


utmost  exercise  of  both.  Born  in  the  fifth  ward  of  this  city  in  1841,  he  has  been  a  Brooklynite  all  his  life 
When  he  left  school  he  was  fourteen  years  old  and  at  once  apprenticed  himself  to  a  builder  He  worked  in 
the  Brooklyn  Gas  Light  Company's  house  at  the  foot  of  Hudson  avenue,  and  was  employed  there  when  the 
peace  of  the  nation  was  disturbed  by  the  f^rst  actively  hostile  demonstration  on  the  soil  of  a  seceding  state 
Having  previously  associated  himself,  at  the  age  of  eighteen,  with  the  volunteer  fire  department  as  a  mem- 
ber of  Hose  Company  No.  5,  his  influence  with  his  comrades  was  such  that  many  of  them  followed  his 
example  in  enlisting  m  the  14th  Regiment.  Altogether  he  secured  the  enlistment  in  the  ranks  of  that 
organization  of  about  one  hundred  young  men  from  the  fifth  ward,  who  formed  Company  F  He  was 
always  foremost  in  the  face  of  danger,  never  hesitating  to  perform  his  duty  under  all  circumstances  and 
affording  to  his  comrades   an  exemplification  of  those  qualities  of  which  the  aggregated  possession  gave  a 


Charles  B.  Faklev. 

gratifying  preeminence  to  the  Fourteenth.  He  shared  all  things  unselfishly  with  his  fellow-soldiers.  He 
alone  stayed  beside  a  wounded  comrade  at  the  second  battle  of  Bull  Run  until  succor  arrived,  and  when  a 
commission  was  offered,  he  declined  a  rank  which  would  submerge  the  comrade  in  the  officer.  He  was 
made  a  sergeant  but  resolutely  refused  higher  honors.  When  the  war  was  over  he  returned  to  Brooklyn  and 
the  fire  department  and  was  elected  foreman  of  Hose  Company  No.  5.  In  1865  he  narrowly  escaped  death 
at  a  big  fire  in  Furman  street  and  succeeded  in  rescuing  one  of  his  companions  by  a  display  of  great  per- 
sonal strength.  Having  been  elected  assistant  engineer  and  having  proved  his  efficiency  in  fighting  many 
serious  conflagrations  he  was  made  one  of  the  district  engineers  on  the  establishment  of  the  present  fire 
department.  Asa  paid  official  his  record  was  no  less  brilliant  than  that  won  as  a  volunteer.  He  saved  a 
score  of  lives  on  various  occasions,  many  of  them  at  imminent  risk  to  himself,  and  on'September  4,  1884, 
the  common  council  adopted  resolutions  thanking  him  for  his  examples  of  personal  bravery.  In  1884  he 
was  the  Democratic  nominee  for  the  office  of  sheriff  of  Kings  County  and  easily  defeated  his  Republican 
opponent,  James  Tanner. 

Among  those  who  have  contributed  toward  the  material  improvement  of  Brooklyn  is  John  McCormick, 
who  was  born  in  the  fifth  ward  of  this  city  on  February  18,  1852.  He  is  the  owner  of  one  of  the  leading  dry- 
goods  establishments  of  Brooklyn.     After  receiving  an  ordinary  education  he  obtained  employment  in  a 


io6S 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 


glass  house,  but  soon  left  to  become  an  errand-boy  with  Thomas  Pettit,  a  drygoods  merchant  and  by  con- 
stant application  soon  merited  and  received  promotion  to  the  rank  of  salesman.  Withm  e.ght  years  from 
ihe  time  he  entered  Mr.  Pettifs  employ  the  latter  was  succeeded  by  L.  H.  Caley,  with  whom  Mr.  McCor- 
mick  remained  another  eight  years,  acting  as  assistant  manager  and  salesman.  In  1876  he  resigned  to 
engage  .n  business  on  his  own  account,  and  with  a  small  capital  <,pened  a  store  at  the  corner  of  Tenth 
str'ee't  and  Fifth  avenue;  after  three  years  and  a  half  he  was  able  to  purchase  his  present  property  at  Ninth 
street  and  Fifth  avenue  and  the  new  store  was  opened  with  a  small  corps  of  employees;  but  with  the  mcreased 
facilities  at  his  command  his  business  grew  rapidly.  Realizing  that  he  was  located  at  some  distance  from 
the  commercial  centre  of  the  citv  he  was  obliged  to  devote  every  energy  to  his  business,  and  by  working 
day  and  ni.rht  and  pursuing  an  enterprising  policy  he  is  now  enabled  to  manage  successfully  an  establish- 
ment covenno-  ,,ver  fifty  thousand  square  feet,  and  conduct  a  business  amounting  to  several  hundred  thou- 
sand dollars  annually.  His  staff  of  employees  numbers  over  two  hundred.  He  takes  great  interest  in  matters 
pertaining  to  the  welfare  of  the  city  and  has  done  much  for  the  promotion  of  its  interests 
prominent  and  active  members  of  Acme  Council,  Royal  Arcanum 


He  is  one  of  the 


John  A.  Nichols  is  identified  with  several  of 
the  business  interests  of  Brooklyn  and  is  prominent 
in  affairs  of  the  Episcopal  Church.  He  was  born 
on  Staten  Island  on  August  28,  183 1,  and  is  of 
French,  English,  and  Dutch  lineage.  His  education 
was  obtained  at  the  old  academy  in  Newark,  N.  J., 
and  Hedge's  Academy  in  the  same  city.  After  read- 
ing law  in  Chicago  he  was  admitted  to  the  Illinois  bar 
in  1857  and  began  to  practise.  Early  in  the  next 
decade  he  connected  himself  with  insurance  interests, 
with  which  he  was  engaged  twenty  years.  In  1880 
he  resumed  the  practice  of  the  law  and  soon  afterward 
the  New  York  firm  of  Nichols  &  Bacon  was  formed. 
He  is  a  director  and  counsel  of  the  Brooklyn  Ware- 
house and  Storage  Co.,  and  of  several  banks  and  trust 
companies.  Since  coming  to  Brooklyn  he  has  been 
a  member  of  the  Church  of  the  Messiah  and  is  the 
oldest  vestryman  in  continuous  service;  he  is  senior 
deacon  of  the  church  and  for  many  vears  was  the  re- 
presentative of  the  church  in  the  diocesan  convention. 
The  honorary  degree  of  Master  of  Arts  was  conferred 
on  him  in  1861,  by  Kenyon  College,  Cambia,  Ohio. 
In  politics  he  is  a  Republican,  and  in  1880  he  was 
appointed  a  comniissioner  of  quarantine  for  the  port 
of  New  York  by  Governor  Cornell  and  remained  in 
that  office  twelve  years.  In  1881  he  was  elected  chair- 
man of  the  Kings  County  General  Committee.  His 
residence  has  been  for  twenty  years  on  Clinton 
avenue.  He  has  a  country  home  at  Claverack,  Columbia  County,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Union 
League  Club  and  the  Lawyers'  Club  of  New  York  and  the  Hamilton  Club  of  Brooklyn. 

Delmokt,  Elwell,  whose  prominence  has  been  earned  in  more  than  one  local  field,  was  born  at  Milford, 
Ohio,  on  November  7,  1848.  He  was  educated  at  Delaware  University  at  Delaware,  Ohio.  From  1865  until 
1870  he  was  cashier  in  the  First  National  liank  at  Waterloo,  and  during  the  three  succeeding  years  he  held  a 
partnership  in  a  private  banking  house  at  Independence,  Iowa.  That  town  was  practically  wiped  out  of 
existence  by  a  big  fire  in  1873,  and  he  moved  to  Chicago,  where  he  became  a  member  of  the  board  of  trade 
and  established  the  commission  firm  of  Elwell  &:  Company,  which  existed  until  1877.  Having  studied  law 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1.S78,  in  Chicago;  he  then  removed  to  Minnesota  and  made  his  home  in  St. 
Paul,  where  he  became  private  secretary  to  Colonel  E.  F.  Drake,  the  well-known  millionaire  and  railroad 
president.  From  St.  I'aul,  Mr.  Elwell  went  to  Sioux  Falls,  Dakota,  where  he  became  president  of  the  Sioux 
Falls  \Vater  Power  Company  and  established  the  Sioux  YaWi^  Daily  N'cws  F/rss,  through  which  and  other  chan- 
nels he  labored  earnestly  in  the  movement  to  insure  statehood  to  that  section  of  the  Union.  In  1886  he  made 
his  home  in  Brooklyn  and  became  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  New  York  Heating  Company;  this  position  he 
resigned  in  18S9.  F'or  the  past  ten  years  he  has  turned  his  attention  to  ethical,  economic,  philosophical  and 
political  questions  and  has  made  himself  pr(jficient  in  each  (jf  these  branches  of  learning.  He  is  an  efficient 
public  speaker  on  iieha'f  of  the  Republican  party.    He  engaged  actively  in  the  campaign  of  1888  and  at  its  close 


JOH.N'    A.    XlCHOLS. 


MEN    OF    THE  TIME. 


1069 


organized  the  "  National  Republican  Speakers'  Asso- 
ciation," which  published  a  paper  named  the  SpeH- 
binder,  edited  by  Mr.  Elwell.  During  the  campaign  of 
1892  he  was  a  candidate  for  the  office  of  county  auditor 
and  made  an  excellent  canvass.  He  is  president  of 
the  Seventh  Ward  Republican  Association  and  has 
been  for  some  time  a  delegate  to  the  general  com- 
mittee. He  was  secretary  of  the  eastern  headquarters 
of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  until  that  office 
was  closed.  He  has  been  married  twenty-four  years 
and  has  a  daughter  and  two  sons. 

George  N.  McEvoy  is  a  rising  young  artist  who, 
having  mastered  the  rudiments  of  his  art  m  Brooklyn, 
turned  his  attention  to  the  painting  of  marine  views 
and  studies  of  southwestern  American  types  of  char- 
acter. With  a  view  to  study  in  this  line,  he  proceeded 
to  Galveston,  and  from  there  into  the  interior  of 
Texas,  where  he  engaged  hmiself  as  a  cowboy.  A 
spell  of  sickness  disqualified  him  for  this  work,  so  he 
was  compelled  to  give  it  ud  and  get  back  to  Galveston 
on  foot.  After  experience  of  sailors'  boarding-houses, 
shipwreck  and  persecution  of  ship's  officers,  he  es- 
caped as  a  stowaway  on  a  schooner.  When  he  first 
made  his  way  on  deck,  the  captain  was  at  first  inclined 
to  give  him  up  to  the  authorities  as  a  deserter,  but 
finally  listened  to  his  protests  and  agreed  to  carry 
him  to  Pensacola.  The  voyage  occupied  just  three 
weeks,  and  during  that  time  Mr.  McEvoy  decorated 
the  walls  of  the  cabin  with  sketches,  to  the  great  de- 
light of  the  jolly  old  skipper.  In  Pensacola  he  again  became  an  inmate  of  a  sailors'  boarding-house, 
and  was  shortly  afterwards  shipped  on  the  brig  "  Shannon,"  where  he  served  until  she  returned  to  Phila- 
delphia with  a  cargo  of  sugar  from   Cuba.     This  was  in   18S2,  and  when   he  landed   he  possessed  only  the 

price  of  a  pair  of  shoes  and  his  fare  home  to  Brook- 
^  lyn.  Mr.  McEvoy  then  settled  down  to  the  work  of 
newspaper  illustration  for  two  years,  but  did  not  by 
any  means  abandon  his  ambition.  He  worked  early 
and  late,  and  during  the  past  few  years  has  sent  from 
his  studio  some  highly  meritorious  productions.  "  The 
Huntress  "  was  purchased  by  Richard  K.  Fox  for 
,'(tl2,ooo.  One  of  his  latest  works  is  a  scene  in  Texas 
with  the  title  "In  Ambush."  Mr.  McEvoy's  resi- 
dence is  situated  not  far  from  the  Flatlands  depot  on 
the  Manhattan  branch  of  the  Long  Island  Railroad, 
and  is  surrounded  by  grounds  of  considerable  extent, 
studded  with  noble  trees  and  handsome  shrubs.  In- 
teriorly the  character  and  arrangement  of  the  fur- 
nishings bespeak  the  artist.  In  his  stables,  which  are 
located  in  the  rear,  he  keeps  four  horses  and  a  number 
of  dogs,  for  all  of  which  he  has  a  warm  place  in  his 
heart.  He  is  the  owner  of  a  sloop  yacht,  in  which 
he  and  his  wife  and  two  children  often  enjoy  cruising 
off  Coney  Island. 

Prominently  identified  with  the  social  life  of 
Brooklyn  and  New  York,  as  a  member  of  some  of  the 
leading  clubs,  Harrison  Brav  Moore  is  equally  con- 
spicuous in  his  business  relations  in  both  cities.  He 
is  indomitable  in  enterprise  and  industry,  never  allow- 

.___  ing  himself  to  be  subjugated   by  reverses  and,  as  a 

Harrison  B.  Moore.  result,    he    occupies    a  commanding   position  in   the 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 


special  Hue  of  his  activities.  He  has  resided  in  Brooklyn  many  years  and  has  a  summer  home  at  Lake 
Jeog  Born   in    Wnulham,     Me.    he    was    educated    at   the   local    schools    and    came      o    New    York 

irl  n.  Hfe.  In  .863  he  engaged  u.  the  lighterage  busu.ess  with  two  boats  and  by  h.s  hab.t  o  close 
personal  attent.on  to  h,s  affa.rs  won  such  confidence  that  when,  in  1865,  one  of  h,s  boa  s  laden  w>th  ,ron 
ra,K  belonging  to  the  Central  Pacific  Railway  Company  was  lost,  Colhs  P.  Huntmgton,  v.ce-pres.dent 
of  the  compa^n-  allowed  him  to  work  out  the  debt  of  more  than  $5,000,  a  task  wh.ch  he  accomphshed, 
although  the  fa.lure  of  the  company  in  which  he  was  n.sured  threw  upon  hmi  the  entire  burden  His 
mtegrity  and  courage  in  this  matter  secured  for  him  all  the  lighterage  business  connected  with  the 
several  railroad  enterprises  in  which  Mr.  Huntington  was  engaged,  and  his  business  prospered  to  such 
an  extent  that  in  1874  the  New  York  Lighterage  and  Transportation  Company  was  formed,  and  he  became 
its  president  an  office  which  he  continues  to  hold.  The  company  had  the  contracts  for  handling  all 
the  material'  used  in  the  construction  of  the  Brooklyn  Bridge  and  the  New  York  and  Brooklyn 
elevated  railroads  Its  business  is  so  large  that  it  is  obliged  constantly  to  build  new  boats,  and  Mr.  Moore 
personally  designs  and  superintends  their  construction.     In  this  direction  he  has  achieved  a  reputation  as 


designer  of  the  engines  for  his  own  steam-launch,  the 
"  Pampero,"  which  has  made  on  Lake  George  a  record 
for  the  greatest  speed  of  any  boat  of  its  dimensions. 
Besides  holding  the  presidency  of  the  lighterage  com- 
pany he  is  vice-president  of  the  National  Bank  of 
Deposit  and  foreign  freight  agent  of  the  Philadelphia 
and  Reading  Railroad.  He  has  been  prominently 
connected  with  the  National  Guard  of  the  state,  having 
been,  in  1879,  quartermaster  of  the  nth  Brigade,  with 
the  rank  of  major,  and  in  1884,  ordnance  officer  of  the 
3d  Brigade  with  the  same  rank.  He  is  regarded  with 
the  utmost  confidence  by  business  men  and  owes  his 
position  entirely  to  his  sterling  integrity  and  untiring 
energy.  In  1866  he  married  Marietta  H.  Christie,  and 
thev  have  three  children,  two  sons  and  one  daughter. 
For  the  past  quarter  of  a  century  Moses  G.  Leo- 
nard has  been  identified  with  Brooklyn  interests. 
He  was  born  at  Stafford,  Connecticut,  in  1809,  and 
educated  in  a  district  school  of  that  vicinity.  At  the 
age  of  seventeen  he  began  school  teaching  in  a  Ver- 
mont town,  and  afterwards  continued  that  occupation 
in  Rockland  County,  N.  Y.,  where  he  remained  four 
years.  Here  he  married  Catherine  Barmore,  the 
daughter  of  a  prosperous  farmer.  He  moved  to  New 
York  in  1832,  and  for  three  years  conducted  a  private 
school,  which  failing  health  at  last  forced  him  to 
abandon.  In  1838  he  helped  to  form  an  organization 
for  the  purpose  of  engaging  in  the  ice  business. 
This  combination,  twenty  years  later,  expanded  into  the  so  well-known  and  prosperous  Knickerbocker 
Ice  Company.  In  1840  Mr.  Leonard  was  sent  to  the  common  council  of  New  York  as  the  Democratic 
representative  from  the  ninth  ward.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  twenty-eighth  congress  and 
took  part  in  the  deliberations  that  resulted  in  such  important  measures  as  the  revision  of  the  tariff  and 
the  annexation  of  Texas.  In  1S46  he  was  nominated  for  almshouse  commissioner,  although  the  honor 
was  eagerly  sought  by  two  other  prominent  Democrats.  Pledging  himself  to  effect  no  removal  with- 
out cause  and  to  make  fitness  the  only  qualification  for  appointment,  he  was  elected  by  a  handsome  major- 
ity, running  far  ahead  of  his  colleagues  on  the  ticket.  He  fulfilled  his  promises  and  served  for  three 
successive  terms.  He  resigned  with  the  intention  of  leaving  New  York  for  California.  His  administration 
of  the  public  trust  was  so  thoroughly  satisfactory  that  the  secret  of  his  reelection  in  a  season  of  party 
defeat  was  explained  to  United  States  Senator  Hale  by  a  New  York  man,  who  tersely  expressed  himself  as 
follows:  "  He  has  managed  his  department  with  signal  ability,  refused  to  sacrifice  his  independence  to 
trading  politicians,  and  declined  to  steal."  He  remained  in  California  twenty-two  months,  a  year  of  which 
was  spent  as  a  common  councilman  of  San  Francisco.  When  he  returned  to  New  York  from  the  Pacific 
coast  he  eschewed  jiolitics  and  devoted  himself  to  private  interests,  until  the  draft  riots  in  New  York 
appealed  to  the  loyalty  of  every  Unionist,  During  these  trying  times  he  acted,  at  great  personal  danger,  as 
provost  marshal  in  the  district  comprising  \\'estchester,  Putnam,  and  Rockland  counties.     On  resigning  his 


Moses  G.  Leonard. 


MEN    OF    THE    TIME, 


1071 


commission,  the  officers  who  had  served  under  him  testified  to  their  admiration  of  his  patriotism  and  cour- 
age by  presenting  him  with  a  handsome  testimonial.  He  was  one  of  the  chief  organizers  of  the  6th  N  Y. 
Heavy  Artillery.  He  moved  to  Brooklyn  in  1867,  and  has  been  foremost  in  improving  the  section  of  the 
city  where  he  lives,  putting  forth  every  effort  to  elevate  the  social,  moral,  and  educational  status  of  the 
community.     He  is  a  man  of  culture  and  refinement  with  courtly  manners. 

The  life  of  Gustavus  Adolphus  Brett,  one  of  the  prominent  residents  of  Columbia  Heights,  has 
embraced  a  period  which  comprises  the  larger  portion  of  the  present  century.  Though  a  native  of  New  York, 
he  has  been  a  citizen  of  Brooklyn  more  than  forty  years  and  has  witnessed  all  those  changes  that  accompany  the 
lapse  of  time  in  the  history  of  a  vigorous  community.  He  was  born  at  41  Stone  street.  New  York,  in  1820,  and 
is  directly  descended  from  Francis  Rombouts,  who  was  sent  to  this  country  by  the  Dutch  West  India  Co.'  and 
was  eight  times  burgomaster  of  New  York  city— in  1673,  1676,  1677,  1678,  1686  and  1687;  he  was  sch'epen 
(sheriff)  in  1674  and  mayor  in  1679.  Mr.  Brett's  maternal  grandfather  was  the  Rev.  Philip  Milledoler,  D.D., 
L.L.  D.,  president  of  Rector  College,  whose  father  tied  from  his  native  canton  in  Switzerland  because  of 


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political  troubles  and  sought  refuge  beyond  the  Atlantic.  Mr.  Brett  was  educated  at  Highland  Grove 
(iymnasium  at  Fishkill-on-the-Hudson.  When  nineteen  years  old  he  entered  the  militia  and  dis;,"'.layed  so 
great  an  aptitude  for  soldiery  that  he  retired  from  the  267th  N.  Y.  Regiment,  after  nine  years  of  service, 
with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel.  His  business  as  a  shipbroker  which  he  inherited  from  his  father,  is 
managed  by  his  two  sons,  William  G.,  and  P.  V.  A.,  who  have  active  control  of  the  affairs  of  G.  A.Brett,  Son 
&  Co.,  of  New  York.  Mr.  Brett  has  spent  fifty  two  years  of  his  life  in  Sunday-school  work  and  was  presi- 
dent of  the  City  Missionary  Society  of  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church,  manager  of  the  Bible,  Tract  and  Post 
Society,  a  member  of  the  New  York  Historical  Society,  the  New  York  Produce  E.xchange,  and  of  the 
Maritime  Exchange.  He  was  president  for  many  years  of  the  Ship-owners'  Association  of  the  State  of  New 
York,  was  one  of  the  early  regents  of  the  Long  Island  College  Hospital,  and  is  a  perpetual  member  of  the 
Mercantile  Library.  He  has  been  married  twice.  His  first  wife  was  a  daughter  of  Peter  A^an  Arsdale, 
noted  in  his  day  among  the  physicians  of  New  York;  she  left  two  sons.     His  second  wife   was  Miss  Carrie 


1072 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 


A.  Thompson,  daughter  of  Oliver  Thompson  of  Hamptonbury.  Orange  Co.,  New  York,  a  prominent  citizen 

during  the  war  of  1S12.  ■     nr      u 

Hfxry  Titus  is  a  member  of  one  of  the  old  Quaker  families  of  Long  Island,  and  was  born  in  Westburg 
on  September  26,  1840;  he  was  educated  at  the  Friends'  School  in  Providence,  R.  L,  leaving  school  when  he 
was  n.neteen  years  old  At  the  age  of  twentv  he  entered  mercantile  life  in  New  York,  taking  a  clerkship 
,n  a  crockerv  and  glassware  store  owned  bv  his  brother,  Daniel  Titus,  for  whom  he  worked  six  years,  when 
he  was  admitted  to  partnership,  the  firm  becoming  Daniel  Titus  &  Brother.  This  business  relation  con- 
tinued twelve  years  and  then  Mr.  Titus  became  superintendent  for  William  H.  Popham  &  Company,  lard 
refiners  of  New  Y(,rk  citv,  continuing  in  that  position  nine  years.  In  1887  he  established  himself  in  the 
coal  business  in  Brooklyn  and  after  being  in  the  trade  six  months  he  formed  a  partnership  with  William  S. 

Powell,  under  the  firm-name  of  Powell  &  Titus.  He 
is  unmarried  and  lives  31421  Clermont  avenue.  He 
is  fond  of  good  literature  and  devotes  a  large  portion 
of  his  leisure  to  reading.  For  two  years  he  has  been 
a  member  of  Brooklyn  Lodge,  Order  of  Tonti,  and  of 
the  Brooklyn  Young  Republican  Club  from  the  time 
of  it.s  organization,  although  he  is  not  active  in  politi- 
cal movements  and  affairs. 

YsiDRO  Pexdas  y  Garcia  is  a  wealthy  Spanish 
resident  of  Brooklyn,  who  began  life  in  America  under 
very  unpromising  circumstances  and  laid  the  founda- 
tion of  his  fortune  in  an  extremely  humble  way  in  the 
city  of  his  adoption.  He  had,  when  he  started  on  his 
own  account,  only  two  dollars  and  seventy-five  cents 
in  money.  For  a  man  who  was  determined  to  succeed 
this  was  sufficient  and  to-day  he  is  a  member  of  one  of 
the  best-known  firms  of  cigar  manufacturers  in  Amer- 
ica; the  founding  of  this  firm  was  accomplished  by 
himself  and  two  fellow-workmen,  both  of  whom  con- 
tinue in  association  with  him.  The  firm  of  Lozano, 
Pendas  &  Co.,  is  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
Havana  cigars  and  the  importation  of  tobacco  and 
has,  in  addition  to  its  large  establishment  in  New 
York,  an  extensive  plant  at  Tampa,  Fla.,  and  business 
connections  at  Havana,  Cuba.  Mr.  Garcia  was  born 
at  Oviedo-Solas,  Priero,  Spain,  on  May  29,  1844,  and 
received  his  early  education  at  the  primary  schools  of 
his  native  place.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  w-ent  to  Cuba 
and  became  an  apprentice  to  a  cigar  manufacturer.  While  learning  his  trade  he  attended  night  school  to 
perfect  his  education.  In  1864  he  came  to  New  York  and  worked  at  his  trade  as  a  journeyman.  In  1867, 
with  Faustino  Lozano  and  Miguel  Alvarez  he  formed  the  firm  of  Lozano,  Pendas  &  Co.,  Pendas  being  the 
business  name  of  Mr  Garcia.  Be,ginning  in  Brooklyn  and  continuing  in  New  York,  the  house  made  suc- 
cessive advances  in  prosperity,  the  opportunities  and  requirements  of  its  business  finally  leading  to  the 
establishment  of  a  branch  at  Key  \\'est,  Florida,  which  was  subsequently  transferred  to  Tampa,  where  there 
is  now  a  lar,ge  plant,  built  and  owned  by  the  firm.  Mr.  Pendas  is  a  man  of  strong  domestic  inclinations;  he 
married  Miss  Elizabeth  Mary  Hogan  ot    Brooklyn.     He  is  popular  in  the  clubs  of  which  he  is  a  member. 

Born  at  Northampton,  Mass,  on  February  10,  1819,  Edward  H.  R.  LviNIan  attended  the  schoolsof  that 
village,  antl  completed  his  studies  at  the  celebrated  Round  Hill  School,  under  George  Bancroft  the  histo- 
rian, and  Joseph  G.  Cogswell,  the  founding  librarian  of  the  Astor  Library.  \t  the  age  of  fifteen  he  became  a 
clerk  in  a  drygoods  importing  house  in  Boston.  After  five  years  of  training  work  in  the  store,  his  employ- 
ers sent  him  ai)road,  where  he  remained  nearly  nine  years,  crossing  the  Atlantic  at  intervals  in  the  interest 
of  the  firm,  which  established  a  branch  house  in  New  York  in  1842.  At  the  age  of  twenty-two  he  was 
admitted  to  a  partnership  in  both  houses.  From  1847  til'  '852  he  had  charge  of  the  New  York  branch.  In 
the  latter  year  he  retired  from  the  hrms,  to  become  a  partner  in  the  house  of  his  brothers-in-law,  A.  A.  Low 
lV'  Bro.,  the  firm-name  being  changed  to  A.  A.  I^ow  &  Bros.  He  became  a  resident  of  Brooklyn  in  1852  and 
since  1853  his  home  has  been  at  34  Remsen  street.  He  has  been  associated  as  stockholder  or  director  with 
various  railroads  and  has  Iieen  more  than  thirty  years  a  vice-president  of  the  Seaman's  Savings  Bank.  From 
its  very  foundation  he  has  been  a  director  in  the  Nassau  National  Bink  of  Brooklyn;  he  is  a  director  in  the 
Brooklyn  Gas  Company  and  has  been  in  the  directory  of  several  insurance  companies.     He  was  one  of  the 


YsiijRO    Pevdas    V    C'.ItCI.\. 


MEN    OF    THE    TIME. 


1073 


founders  of  the  Brooklyn  Club,  and  has  many  years  been  an  active  member  of  the  Brooklyn  Library  and 
the  Long  Island  Historical  Society.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Church  of  the  Saviour.  Throughout  the  en- 
tire period  of  his  residence  in  Brooklyn,  Mr.  Lyman  has  formed  one  of  a  group  of  men  who  were  able,  by 
reason  of  their  material  prosperity,  and  disposed  by  virtue  of  tendencies  inherited  and  cultivated,  to  take 
the  lead  in  every  good  work  affecting  the  city  at  large  or  its  humbler  population.  To  his  native  town, 
where  he  has  a  summer  home,  he  made  in  1892,  a  gift  of  an  Academy  of  Music.  Mr.  Lyman's  surviving 
son,  Major  Frank  Lyman,  is  engineer  officer  on  the  staff  of  the  2nd  Brigade.  His  oldest  son,  Joseph 
Lyman,  who  died  m  i8Sj,  was  a  member  of  his  father's  firm.     His  public  spirit  and  usefulness,  his  culture, 


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particularly  in  the  direction  of  art,  and  his  exceptionally  attractive  character  and  manner,  made  hmi  many 
friends.  Both  sons  were  graduated  at  Harvard,  and  in  the  social  life  of  Brooklyn  worthily  filled  not  only 
the  place  which  was  theirs  by  birth  and  position,  but  also  that  commanded  by  character  and  attainments. 

Charles  Cooper,  though  still  a  young  man,  has  been  interested  in  many  important  local  enterprises. 
He  introduced  electric  light  into  public  use  in  this  city  and  until  recently  was  president  of  the  Municipal 
Electric  Light  Company  and  the  Citizens'  Electric  Illuminating  Company.  He  placed  both  of  these  organi- 
zations on  a  paying  basis.  He  was  one  of  the  original  directors  of  the  Amphion  Academy  and  one  of  the 
largest  stockholders.  He  is  an  influential  member  of  the  Union  League  Club  and  acted  as  chairman  of  the 
subscription  committee  which  received  contributions  toward  the  erection  of  the  club's  home  on  Bedford 
avenue.  He  has  done  much  toward  developing  what  is  known  as  the  Bedford  section  of  this  city,  and  in 
conjunction  with  Edgar  Holliday  he  erected  the  fine  Brevoort  building  at  the  corner  of  Bedford  and 
Fulton  avenues;  he  also  erected  several  other  buildings  in  the  immediate  vicinity,  including  the  club  house 
of  the  Kings  County  Wheelmen.  He  has  interested  himself  to  a  great  extent  in  financial  institutions  and 
was  one  of  the  founders  and  incorporators  of  the  Hamilton  and  Kings  County  Trust  companies.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  latter's  executive  and  real  estate  committees  and  in  these  capacities  he  passed  all  the  loans 
made  on  real  estate.  He  is  a  director  and  incorporator  of  the  Brevoort  Savings  Bank  at  the  corner  of 
Bedford  and  Fulton  avenues.     He  was  born  in  Brooklyn  on  February  24,  1857. 


;o74  THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 

Carsten  Offerman  is  one  of  the  successful  business  men  of  Brooklyn  who  has  reached  a  leading  posi- 
tion by  the  force  of  personal  merit  and  well  directed  energy.  He  is  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Moquin  & 
Offerman,  shippers  and  dealers  in  coal,  and  with  his  partner,  \V.  C.  Moquin,  he  has  built  up  in  a  few  years  a 
very  large  and  profitable  trade.  He  is  the  son  of  John  C.  Offerman,  who  is  well  known  in  Brooklyn;  he 
was  born  at  Craoford,  X.  J.,  on  May  27,  1855,  and  attended  the  village  school  there  until  he  was  nine  years 
old,  when  his  parents  moved  to  New  York,  where  he  continued  his  studies  at  a  public  school  there  for  one 
year.  He  finished  his  schooling  in  Hoboken,  N.  J.,  at  the  age  of  thirteen,  and  then  obtained  employment 
as  a  cash  boy  in  the  dry  goods  store  of  A.  T.  Stewart  &:  Co.,  where  he  remained  eighteen  months.  For  the 
ne.xt  two  years  he  worked  for  the  Hoboken  Land  and  Improvement  Company;  then  he  was  appointed  as 
assistant  messenger  in  the  First  National  Bank.  He  resigned  this  position  to  accept  an  appointment  as 
superintendent  lor  the  Hudson  Coal  Company  on  their  Hoboken  docks,  in  which  position  he  remained  three 
years,  and  saved  the  little  capital  with  which  he  engaged  in  his  present  business  with  his  father-in-law,  Mr. 
Moquin.  He  is  the  owner  of  a  great  deal  of  real  estate  in  Brooklyn  and  a.  stockholder  in  several  important 
corporations.  He  is  a  member  of  Palestine  Encampment  No.  62,  Knights  of  St.  John  and  Malta.  His 
family  consists  of  his  wife  and  three  boys,  and  their  home  is  at  277  Jefferson  avenue. 

Hiram  V.  V.  Braman,  churchman,  philanthropist,  and  merchant,  was  born  at  Hyde  Park,  Dutchess 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  on  June  12,  1838.  Nineteen  years  later  he  came  to  New  York  city  and  engaged  in  the  dry- 
goods  importing  trade.  He  was  connected  for  a  time  with  several  of  the  larger  importing  houses,  and 
later  established  the  importing  and  commission  house  of  Braman,  Ash  &  Barker.  He  retired  from  the  dry- 
goods  business  in  1891.  He  is  a  member  of  the  vestry  of  the  Church  of  the  Messiah,  and  is  also  a  member 
of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  B-ooklyn  Hospital.  He  is  a  director  of  the  Peoples'  Fire  Insurance  Co.  of 
New  York.     In  1S65  he  married  Miss  Irene  B.  N-ewcomb  of  Brooklyn,  and  became  a  resident  of  Brooklyn, 

Henry  R.  Jones,  the  founder  of  the  Brooklyn  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Children,  was 
born  in  the  town  of  Fairfield,  Conn.,  on  November  3,  1830.  He  was  educated  at  the  Fairfield  Academy  and 
at  the  age  of  seventeen  came  to  New  York  to  assist  his  father  in  the  flour  business.  About  thirty-five  years 
ago  Mr.  Jones's  father  purchased  the  New  York  City  Flour  Mills,  m  which  business  the  son  became  a 
partner.  Some  time  later  he  was  associated  with  Anthony  Comstock  and  Morris  K.  Jessup  in  the  organ- 
ization of  the  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Vice  in  New  York  city.  Subsequently  he  became  the  president 
of  the  Children's  Aid  Society  of  Brooklyn,  in  which  he  was  a  director  twenty  years.  For  fifteen  years  he  was 
a  member  of  the  executive  committee  and  a  director  of  the  Adelphi  Academy,  and  for  several  years  was 
a  director  of  the  Prison  Reform  Association  of  the  State  of  New  York,  and  a  vice-president  of  the  National 
Humane  Society.  On  October  10,  1855,  he  married  Miss  Annie  L.  Tucker,  of  Norwich,  Conn.,  and  about 
that  time  he  purchased  the  handsome  grounds  and  built  the  house  at  Clinton  and  Gates  avenues  in  which  he 
now  resides,     Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jones  have  two  daughters  and  three  sons. 

John  Wood   is   distinguished   both   socially  and   commercially,  and   his  name  is  widely  and  favorably 

known  to  Brooklyn  citizens.  He  was  born  in  Toronto,  Ontario,  in  July,  1839, 
and  received  his  education  at  a  Canadian  public  school.  He  came  to  Brook- 
lyn in  1857,  and  for  six  years  was  employed  by  Stewart  &  Co.,  carpet  dealers, 
^,,  In  1863  he  embarked  in  business  for  himself.     He  is  one  of  the  trustees  of 

tthe  Brooklyn  Tabernacle  and  has  been  its  treasurer  ten  years.     He  has  been 
a  member  of  the  Oxford  Club  four  years,  of  the  Amaranth  Dramatic  Society 
,  six  years  and  of  the  Amateur  Opera  Association  three  years.     He  has  been 

a  member  of  the  Oak  Bluffs  Club  of  Cottage  City,  Mass,,  since  its  organiza- 
tion some  six  years  ago.     In  masonic  life  he  is  a  charter  member  of  Brook- 
lyn Consistory  and  has  received  the  33°. 
^  Identified  with  Brooklyn  by  birth  and  ancestry,  George  L.  Nichols, 

Jr.,  occupies  naturally  a  position  of  social  prominence  in  the  city.  His 
father  and  grandfather  were  Brooklynites.  He  was  born  on  May  9,  i860, 
fitted  for  college  at  the  Polytechnic  Institute  and,  after  studying  at  the 
University  of  the  City  of  New  York,  was  graduated  at  Williams  College  in 
,  ■       iSSi.     He  was  graduated  in  law  at  Columbia  College  in  1883,  having  studied 

in  the  meantime  with  Stewart  &  Boardman  of  New  York,  of  which  firm  he 

John  Wood.  i  i  ,  -,  , 

was  subsequently  a  member.  In  1886  he  joined  with  Arthur  H.  Masten  in 
the  firm  of  Masten  &  Nichols  of  New  York.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Bar  Association  of  New  York  city,  the 
American  Bar  .Association,  and  a  number  of  clubs,  fraternities,  and  societies  in  this  country  and  abroad.  He 
has  been  prominent  as  a  Republican  and  has  served  in  local  political  organizations.  In  1890  Mayor  Chapin 
appointed  him  a  member  of  the  civil  service  commission,  and  he  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Boody  in  1892. 

Dr,  Harrison  A,  Tucker  resides  at  393  Clinton  street.  South  Brooklyn,  He  was  born  in  the  town 
of  Norton,  Mass.,  on  March  18,  1832,  and  possesses  all  of  the  directness  and  sagacity  which  New  England 


Harrison  A.  Tucker,  M.  D. 


1076 


THE    EAGLE    AND    PJROOKLYN. 


birth  and  a  sturdy  New  England  ancestry  are  likely  to  assure,  with  more  of  the  gentleness  of  disposition 
than  such  heredity  and  environment  usually  guarantee.  In  his  boyhood  he  received  careful  home  traming 
and  district  schooling,  and  then  became  a  student  at  the  college  of  medicine  attached  to  Harvard  Univer- 
sity and  at  the  medical  department  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  at  which  he  was  graduated.  His 
first  professional  settlement  was  in  the  town  of  Foxborough  in  his  native  state,  but  he  shortly  made  up  his 
mind  to  live  in  Brooklyn  and  at  the  same  time  established  a  branch  office  in  Boston;  between  the  two  cities 
his  practice  has  been'divided,  except  during  the  months  ordinarily  devoted  to  leisure,  which  he  passes  at 
Cottage  City  on  Martha's  Vineyard  island.  The  methods  and  principles  of  his  medical  practice  are  drawn 
from  all  schools;  he  would  probably  be  called  an  eclectic.  He  has  a  peculiar  gift.  For  want  of  a  more 
precise  definition,  it  is  called  "  super-sense."  About  it  is  no  affectation  of  supernatural  power,  nor  does 
it  pretend  to  mystery  or  occultness.  It  is  called  "super-sense  "  because  it  is  one  of  the  unclassified  powers 
of  the  mind.  The  doctor  holds  this  power  with  reverence  and  without  ostentation.  Its  uses  have  always 
been  at  the  service  of  the  suffering.  His  city  home  and  his  country  home  are  models  of  simplicity,  hos- 
pitality, and  culture.  Books  and  proofs  of  artistic  taste  are  to  be  seen  on  every  side.  His  counsel  is 
sought  by  many  interests  and  enterprises;  his  assistance  has  never  been  asked  in  vain  by  deserving  causes 
and  is  most  readily  extended  to  such  causes  as  are  the  least  obtrusive  in  the  voicing  of  their  wants.  He  is 
a  man  of  profound  religious  convictions.  For  many  years  he  has  been  a  leading  member  of  the  Tabernacle 
Presbyterian  Church,  successively  member,  treasurer,  and  president  of  its  board  of  trustees  and  concur- 
rently a  member  of  the  board  of  elders,  which  position  he  retains.  His  sympathy  with  all  Christian,  moral, 
and  educational  institutions  in  the  City  of  Churches  has  been  constant.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Hamilton, 
Brooklyn,  Oxford,  and  Montauk  clubs,  the  New  York  Yacht  Club,  the  Oak  Bluffs  Club,  of  Cottage  City,  of 
which  he  is  regarded  as  the  founder,  and  has  long  been  the  president,  and  the  Wamusetta  Club,  one  of  the 
oldest  and  most  representative  organizations  in  Massachusetts. 

Charles  Mali,  Belgian  consul  in  New  York,  was  born  sixty-seven  years  ago  at  Verviers,  in  the  Prov- 
ince of  Liege,  Belgium,  where  he  obtained  his  early  education.  In  1820,  his  brother  formed  the  firm  of  H. 
W.  T.  Mali  &  Co.,  in  New  York,  where  he  was  joined  by  Charles,  who  became  head  of  that  firm  in  1848  or 
1849.  In  May,  1867,  he  was  appointed  to  the  post  of  P!elgian  consul  in  New  York.  On  May  3,  1S92,  the 
twenty-fifth  anniversary  of  his  nomination  to  the  ]50st,  he  was  given  a  dinner  by  the  prominent  members  of 
the  Belgian  colony  in  New  York.  He  was  one  of  the  promoters  of  the  Belgian  Benevolent  Society,  which 
was  organized  on  October  20,  1869,  and  he  has  been  its  president  since  18S1.  Frequently  he  has  distrib- 
uted to  his  countrymen  in  the  new  world  various  rewards  for  bravery  and  fidelity.  He  is  an  officer  of  the 
order  of  Leopold,  a  Civic  Medalist  of  the  first  class,  president  of  the  Belgian  Benevolent  Society  and  honorary 

president  of  the  mutual  aid  association  "  L  'Union 
Beige."  Fie  is  married  and  resides  at  93  \Yillow  street. 
Among  individuals  who  have  distinctively  assist- 
ed in  promoting  the  general  prosperity  and  the  com- 
mercial importance  of  the  Eastern  District,  James  R. 
Howe  stands  very  high  in  the  estimation  of  the  general 
public.  He  was  born  in  New  York  on  February  27, 
1839,  ^"d  received  his  early  education  in  that  city. 
He  began  work  at  the  age  of  fifteen  in  the  employ  of 
John  M.  Boline  &  Co.,  of  Grand  and  Orchard  streets, 
New  York,  where  he  remained  four  years  and  ac- 
quired some  knowledge  of  the  dry  goods  trade.  Five 
years  more  were  passed  in  similar  occupation  with 
Charles  Heart  &  Co.,  and  he  engaged  in  business  for 
himself  in  the  spring  of  1866,  opening  a  store  in  New 
York.  He  shared  the  responsibilities  and  profits 
with  a  partner,  and  the  firm  was  known  as  Flowe  &: 
Wilson;  afterwards  the  firm  was  Howe  &  Ellis.  In 
1869  the  firm  removed  to  Brooklyn,  and  succeeded  H. 
P.  Morgan  &  Co.,  an  old  established  house,  in  which 
the  late  governor  of  Connecticut,  Morgan  G.  Bulkeley, 
was  interested.  Such  a  beneficial  effect  was  secured 
by  the  change  that  in  1S71,  Howe  &  Ellis  were  ena- 
bled to  establish  a  branch  store  in  the  Eastern  District. 
A  year  later  there  came  a  dissolution  of  partnership 
and  Mr.  Howe  devoted  his  entire  attention  to  the 
Williamsburgh  enterprise,  which  he  enlarged  to  a  con- 


James  R.  Howe. 


MEN    OF    THE   TIME. 


1077 


siderable  extent.     He  eventually  purchased  the   site  which  his  store  now  occupies  at  287-289-291  Broad 
way,  and  moved  his  business  to  that  location  in  1891. 

Master  of  two  trades  in  connection  with  which  he  exercises  a  rare  inventive  genius,  John  Good  is  one 
of  those  few  inventors  whose  business  sagacity  is  equal  to  their  faculty  for  creating  new  devices.  He  is 
the  owner  of  the  extensive  works  on  Washington  avenue,  devoted  to  the  production  of  machinery  for  the 
manufacture  of  cordage.  It  is  the  largest  and  most  complete  of  its  kind  in  the  world  and  an  eloquent  wit- 
ness to  the  revolution  in  the  methods  of  ropemaking  which  he  began  and  successfully  carried  forward.  His 
machinery  is  used  in  all  parts  of  the  world  and  so  great  have  been  the  benefits  conferred  by  him  upon  the 
laboring  class,  so  largely  has  he  aided  in  the  creation  of  new  lines  of  labor  by  the  impulse  given  to  the 
world's  industries  through  his  inventions,  that  m  recognition  of  his  services  in  this  direction  and  of  his  char- 


itable distributions,  he  was  made  a  count  of  the  Holy  Roman  Empire  by  Pope  Leo  XIII.  in  1887.  This 
honor  never  before  had  been  conferred  upon  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  The  news  was  cabled  in  a 
Latin  message  on  November  13,  1887,  to  the  editor  of  the  Catholic  Revinv,  and  the  apostolic  brief  contain- 
mg  the  formal  announcement  was  presented  to  him  in  Brooklyn  on  April  19,  1888,  in  the  presence  of  a 
large  assemblage.  He  was  born  m  Ireland  m  1844,  and  was  left  fatherless  at  an  early  age.  His  mother 
brought  him  to  America  when  he  was  seven  years  old,  and  he  attended  school  in  Brooklyn  until  he  was 
twelve  years  old,  when  he  went  to  work  m  one  of  the  old  rope-walks  of  Brooklyn,  where  he  learned  the 
trade  of  making  cordage  in  the  crude  way  then  in  vogue;  he  was  afterwards  apprenticed  to  a  machinist 
to  learn  thoroughly  the  making  of  machinery.  During  the  progress  of  the  civil  war  he  patented  machines 
for  handcombing  and  lapping  hemp,  straightening  fibres,  drawing  hemp  into  slivers  and  spinning  fine  cord, 
all  of  which  operations  had  hitherto  been  laboriously  accomplished  by  hand.  His  machinery  proved  suc- 
cessful, and  patents  were  secured  in  the  United  States  and  the  leading  countries  of  the  world.  His  inven- 
tive genius  has  been  shown  further  in  the  invention  of  many  devices  and  of  machines  that  automatically 
perform  a  vast  amount  of  work  in  the  production  of  cordage  and  binder  twine.     As  a  result,  the  old-time 


loyS 


THE    EAGLE  AND    BROOKLYN. 


rope-walk  has  '^one  out  of  existence,  and  in  its  stead  are  the  compact  buildings  where  rope  can  be  made  o 
almost  any  length.  Mr.  Good  mvented  also  the  binding  twine  machine.  In  1885  he  erected  at  Kavens- 
wood  N  I  ,  a  large  mill  for  the  making  of  cordage  and  binder  twine,  and  entered  the  field  of  cordage 
manufacture  on  a  large  scale.  In  1887  the  present  Cordage  Association  was  formed  with  a  capital  of 
$15,000,000  to  control  the  manufacture  of  rope  and  twine  throughout  this  country  and  Canada.  Mr. 
Good  declined  to  enter  it,  but  he  agreed  for  a  stated  sum  not  to  manufacture.  This  agreement  after 
three  years,  was  terminated  in  the  fall  of  1890,  when  another  agreement  was  made,  under  which  the  prod- 
uct of  his  mills  was  turned  over  to  the  association  to  prevent  competition  in  the  cordage  market.  This 
contract  terminated  January,  1891.  A  subsequent  arrangement  was  cancelled  on  the  last  day  of  April, 
1S92   and  thereafter  he  manufactured  independently. 

Among  the  citizens  of  Brooklyn  who  have  achieved  a  notable  success  in  the  manufacturing  and  com- 
mercial life  of  the  metropolis  at  the  other  end  of  the  big  bridge,  is  William  E.  Uptegrove.  He  is  the 
largest  importer  and  sawyer  of  foreign  and  fancy  woods  in  the  country,  and  while  yet  on  the  sunny  slope  of 
life  enjoys  a  competency  which  is  entirely  the  product  of  his  individual  industry  and  his  business  sagacity. 
Mr.  Uptegrove's  residence  at   1180  Dean  street  is  a  noteworthy  addition  to  the  handsome  homes  of  the 

city.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Union  League  Club  and 

an  earnest  Republican.     Born  on  a  farm  in  Orange 

r-  County,  N.  Y.,  on  May  6,  1852,  he  was  sent  to  the  old 

Middletown  Academy  for  his  schooling  and  is  a  grad- 
uate of  that  institution.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he 
came  to  New  York,  and  on  a  salary  of  $600  a  year 
became  book-keeper  for  Rodman  &  Hepburn,  impor- 
ters and  manufacturers  of  fine  woods.  After  clerking 
for  six  years,  he  leased  from  the  firm  the  manufactur- 
ing end  of  the  business,  and  such  was  his  success  that 
a  little  later  he  purchased  both  factory  and  grounds; 
later  still  he  bought  the  lots  adjoining,  and  finally 
succeeiled  to  the  importing  and  warehouse  business 
of  the  old  firm.  In  1879  he  persuaded  his  only  brother, 
Jerome  P.  Uptegrove,  who  was  assistant  cashier  in 
a  bank  at  Middletown,  to  join  him,  and  later  he 
admitted  him  as  a  partner,  under  the  firm-name  of 
William  E.  Uptegrove  &  Bro.  Mr.  Uptegrove  mar- 
ried Miss  Mills  of  Middletown  and  they  have  four 
children,  two  boys  and  two  girls. 

Charles  .\.  Denny  was  born  in  Boston  in  1828, 
from  wdiich  city  he  moved  to  Philadelphia  in  1853. 
Four  years  later  he  came  to  Brooklyn  to  conduct  a 
drygoods  commission  business.  In  1877  he  was  elect- 
ed a  trustee  of  the  South  PJrooklyn  Savings  Bank,  but 
continued  to  hold  his  position  among  the  prominent 
drygoods  houses  of  the  city  until  1884,  when  he  was 
elected  treasurer  of  the  bank — the  position  he  now 
fills.  In  1870,  he  became  a  member  of  the  Christ  P.  E.  Church  and  at  once  began  to  take  an  interest  in  the 
work  of  the  parish.  Since  1875  he  has  been  one  of  the  vestry  of  the  church,  and  for  eight  or  nine  years  he 
was  its  treasurer.  He  married  in  i860,  Miss  Jane  S.  FJigelow.  They  have  four  children  living.  The  home 
of  Mr.  Denny  is  at  157  Willow  street. 

Aaron  S.  Robjiins,  merchant  and  real  estate  proprietor,  is  rated  among  the  wealthy  men  of  Brooklyn, 
where  he  was  born  on  November  i,  1825.  His  parents  were  natives  of  New  Jersev.  His  education  was 
entrusted  to  a  Mr.  Laidlow,  who  kept  a  school  on  Middagh  street.  He  began  his  long  and  prosperous  busi- 
ness career  in  1840,  as  an  employee  of  V,.  Lewis,  who  then  kept  a  drygoods  store  on  the  corner  of  Main 
and  Prospect  streets.  In  1847,  he  accepted  a  position  as  a  salesman  with  D.  M.  Knight  in  New  York.  In 
seven  years  his  employer  found  that  business  had  increased  to  an  extent  that  demanded  other  quarters  for 
its  transaction  and  larger  premises  were  found  on  ^'esey  street.  This  marked  an  important  epoch  in  Mr. 
Robbins'  history.  When  the  change  of  location  was  made,  his  ability  and  probity  were  recognized  by  an 
admission  to  partnership.  Mr.  Knight  died  in  1857,  and  Mr.  Robbins  organized  a  new  firm  which  included 
John  C.  Calhoun,  O.  G.  Wallbridge,  William  M.  Isaacs,  and  the  widow  of  the  deceased  partner,  who  retained 
an  interest  as  a  special  partner.  The  firm-name  has  never  been  changed  from  the  original  one  of  Calhoun, 
Robbins  &  Co.     Mr.  Robbins'  confidence  in  Brooklvn  is  shown  bv  the  fact  that   he  has  here  invested  most 


William  E.   Uptegrove. 


io8o  THE    EAGLE    AND   BROOKLYN. 

of   his   surplus  capital  in  real   estate  and  has  erected  some  of   the  finest  business   buildings  that  the  city 
possesses.     His  home  is  at  114  Si.xth  avenue. 

J.^MES  S.  CoNNELL  has  long  been  one  of  Brooklyn's  prosperous  men,  having  attained  an  ample  compe- 
tence by  his  business  tact  and  unwearying  industry.  He  has  lived  in  Brooklyn  since  1854,  and  his 
home  since  that  time  has  been  on  the  Heights,  for  the  most  part  at  140  Pierrepont  street,  where  it  now  is. 
He  is  identified  with  such  philanthropic  institutions  as  the  Homoeopathic  Hospital,  of  which  he  is  one  of 
the  trustees,  and  St.  Johns  Hospital,  of  which  he  is  the  secretary.  He  is  an  attendant  at  Trinity  Church 
and  is  one  of  its  vestrymen.  In  New  York,  the  Down  Town  Club  claims  him  as  a  member.  He  was  born 
in  New  York  in  1824,  and  is  the  son  of  a  man  who  had  grown  wealthy  in  the  manufacturing  trade.  Fire 
swept  away  the  father's  wealth  and  plunged  him  with  his  family  into  poverty.  He  went  to  New  Orleans 
hoping  to  repair  his  fallen  fortunes,  and  died  there  of  the  yellow  fever.  His  son  James,  like  the  other 
children,  was  forced  to  enter  business  early  in  life  and,  with  only  the  education  secured  at  a  private  school 
in  New  York,  he  went  to  work  in  a  mercantile  house,  determined  to  make  for  himself  the  best  future  possi- 
ble. For  years  he  has  been  in  the  sugar  brokerage  business.  At  the  age  of  twenty-six  he  married  a  Miss 
Rich  of  New  York  city. 

Robert  J.  Wilkin,  superintendent  of  the  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Children,  was  born 
in  old  Greenwich  Village— now  the  ninth  ward  of  New  York  city— on  October  2,  1S60.  He  received  his 
preliminary  education  at  a  public  school  and  was  prepared  at  the  Washington  Collegiate  Institute  to  enter 
the  University  of  the  City  of  New  York.  His  ambition  on  leaving  the  college  was  to  become  a  lawyer,  but 
his  parents  sent  him  to  Europe  in  1876  for  the  purpose  of  settling  an  estate  in  which  they  were  interested, 
and  on  his  return  to  this  country  in  1877,  he  accepted  a  clerkship  in  the  office  of  the  New  York  Society  for 
the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Children.  He  remained  there  until  1881,  when  he  came  to  Brooklyn  to  open 
the  books  of  the  Brooklyn  Society,  of  which  he  was  appointed  superintendent  in  February,  1881.  In  1888 
he  was  admitted  to  practice  in  the  courts  of  the  state  and  in  the  United  States  courts.  He  was  then 
secretary  of  the  American  Humane  .\ssociation  and  he  is  now  a  member  of  the  special  executive  committee 
of  that  body.  He  is  also  a  corresponding  member  of  the  General  Prison  Society  of  France,  a  member  of 
Brooklyn  Bar  Association,  of  the  Crescent  Athletic  Club,  and  the  Brooklyn  Canoe  Club.  In  the  latter 
club  he  takes  the  most  lively  interest,  and  from  June  until  November  in  each  year  he  makes  his  home  m 
the  club-house  at  the  foot  of  Fifty-sixth  street,  South  ISrooklyn. 

Joseph  Wild,  who  has  given  to  Brooklyn  two  of  her  largest  and  most  useful  manufacturing  establishments 
— the  carpet  works  of  Joseph  Wild  &  Co. — came  to  America  in  1852  to  represent  the  house  of  John  Crossly's 
Sons  of  Halifax,  Yorkshire,  England.  Since  186S  he  has  been  an  .American  manufacturer,  and  in  addition 
to  the  two  factories  in  Brooklyn  his  firm  has  another  at  Astoria,  L.  I.,  and  a  fourth  on  Staten  Island;  in 
these  four  establishments  and  in  their  New  York  headquarters  they  employ  about  one  thousand  persons.  For 
the  purpose  of  securing  raw  material  for  cocoa  matting  the  firm  maintains  a  factory  in  India.  Mr.  Wild 
was  born  in  Halifax,  England,  in  1813,  and  is  a  nephew  of  John  Crossly,  founder  of  the  firm  of  John  Cross- 
ly's Sons,  Limited.  Receiving  his  education  at  the  common  schools  of  his  native  town  he  learned  the 
carpet  weaving  trade  and  for  some  years  was  employed  by  the  Crosslys.  He  has  a  beautiful  home  at  Bay 
Ridge,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Greenwood  Baptist  Church;  he  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  West  End 
Baptist  Church  on  Seventh  street. 

Tho.mas  Vernon  was  born  at  Appledore,  in  Devonshire,  England,  on  August  31,  1818.  At  the  age  of 
thirteen  he  removed  to  Barnstable  to  join  his  brothers  in  the  dry  goods  business.  In  1841  his  brothers 
came  to  the  United  States  and  he  followed  them  in  1S43.  After  engaging  in  various  business  enterprises  in 
New  York  city  he  eventually  established  himself  in  the  paper  trade,  in  which  his  brother  Samuel  became 
associated  with  him.  In  1882  he  married  a  daughter  of  Captain  Joseph  Steele,  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Washington  avenue  Baptist  Church  and  has  been  a  trustee,  superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school  and  presi- 
dent of  the  missionary  society  connected  with  that  religious  body.  He  is  one  of  the  original  founders  of  the 
Adelphi  Academy. 

N.  Pendleton  Schenck  is  a  son  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Noah  Hunt  Schenck,  a  former  rector  of  St.  Ann's 
Church,  and  is  a  nephew  of  Senator  Pendleton  of  Ohio.  He  was  born  at  Hillsborough,  O.,  on  January  24,  1855, 
and  removed  to  Brooklyn  with  his  father  in  1868,  when  the  latter  was  called  to  St.  Ann's.  Mr.  Schenck 
was  graduated  at  Columbia  College  in  1876  and  afterwards  studied  at  the  Columbia  College  Law  School; 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1878  and  has  practised  law  in  New  York  ever  since.  He  is  a  vestryman  of 
the  Church  of  the  Holy  Comforter  at  Bushwick,  which  church  is  a  memorial  of  his  parents  and  is  located 
within  a  few  miles  of  the  ancestral  home  of  the  Schenck  family,  the  first  of  the  name  having  come  over 
from  Holland  and  settled  at  Flatlands  in  1640.  In  1883  Mr.  Schncek  married  Miss  Elizabeth  B.,  daughter  of 
Henry  P.  Morgan,  president  of  the  Brooklyn  Savings  Bank.  Mr.  Schenck  was  for  five  years  the  president 
of  the  First  Ward  Democratic  Club,  and  for  seven  years  president  of  the  Democratic  General  Committee 
of  Brooklyn. 


MEN    OF    THE    TIME. 


loSi 


ANUKliW    J.    CO.NbTANTINE. 


A  pronounced  individuality  marks  Andrew  J. 
CoNSTANTiNE,  who,  without  the  aid  of  political  or  club 
affiliations,  is  one  of  the  well-known  and  respected 
residents  of  this  city.  He  was  born  in  New  York  on 
September  5,  1828,  and  was  educated  at  the  schools 
there.  His  grandfather  was  from  Birmingham,  Eng- 
land, and  his  father  was  a  New  Yorker.  In  1849,  when 
his  father  died,  he  succeeded  him  in  the  business  of 
inspecting  and  storing  mahogany.  For  many  years 
prior  to  1837  the  inspectorship  of  mahogany  was  an 
appointive  office  of  the  New  York  municipality,  and 
his  father  held  that  appointment.  From  1849  t'll  1865 
his  place  of  business  was  at  the  foot  of  Broome  street 
and  the  East  river,  but  in  1865  it  was  moved  to  its 
present  site,  occupying  two  blocks  at  Seventh  and 
Lewis  streets  and  the  East  river.  New  York,  Here 
are  received  direct  the  largest  importations  of  mahog- 
any and  other  decorative  woods  that  come  into  the 
United  States.  Mr.  Constantine  served  as  a  private 
in  Company  F  of  Brent's  Regiment  in  the  Mexican 
war,  engaging  in  all  of  the  battles  fought  by  General 
Scott.  In  1861  he  raised  Company  K  of  the  4th  Reg- 
iment, N.  Y.  Volunteers,  commanded  by  Colonel 
William  Taylor;  he  was  in  service  about  fourteen 
months  and  then  resigned  on  account  of  sickness.  He 
married,  in  1851,  Miss  Mary  Augusta  Butler  of  Brook- 
lyn, and  of  seven  sons  and  three  daughters  born  to  them,  four  sons  and  one  daughter  are  living.  All  of  the 
sons  are  in  business  with  the  father,  and  the  oldest,  Richard  B.,  with  Louis  and  Robert,  two  nephews,  arc 
his  partners,  making  three  generations  that  have  conducted  the  business.  Mr.  Constantine  purchased  his 
present  home  at  144  (^^linton  avenue  in  1882. 

William  Burrell  has  for  years  been  associated  with  much  that  is  immediately  pertinent  to  the  growth 
of  this  city.     He  was  born   on  April   5,  1824,  on  (jreenwich  street,  New  York,  and  was  educated  at  private 

schools.  When  fourteen  years  old  he  was  emi)loyed 
by  a  hardware  dealer,  with  whom  he  remained  about 
seven  years  and  a  half.  On  March  i,  1847,  he  moved 
to  Brooklyn  and  engaged  in  the  hardware  business, 
establishing  the  firm  of  White  &  Burrell.  When  his 
relations  with  Mr.  White  were  terminated  lie  continued 
his  enterprise  independently,  and  in  his  relations  with 
the  outside  commercial  world  he  has  maintained 
an  enviable  reputation.  In  1851  he  became 
actively  connected  with  the  Volunteer  Fire  Depart- 
ment; for  seventeen  years  he  was  foreman  of  Engine 
No.  17,  and  for  fifteen  years  he  was  treasurer  of  the 
department.  He  bore  an  active  share  in  the  manage- 
ment of  the  Firemen's  Trust,  his  association  with 
that  institution  beginning  in  1859.  He  held  the  office 
of  secretary  until  1866,  when  he  resigned  to  accept  a 
position  in  the  employ  of  George  W.  Welsh,  a  New 
York  jeweler.  He  was  comptroller  of  Brooklyn  in 
1877  and  1878.  He  is  vice-president  of  the  Metro- 
politan Savings  Bank  of  New  York.  He  was  at  one 
time  an  Odd  Fellow  and  during  his  connection  with 
that  order  was  extremely  popular  among  his  asso- 
ciates.    He  is  married  and  has  a  daughter  and  son. 

Frank   Pearsai.i.  was  born  in  New  York  city  on 

December  23,   1841.     His  father,    John   A.   Pearsall, 

was  a  life-boat  builder,    and  his   mother,   a  member 

WILLIAM  E.KRELL.  of     thc    cstecmcd     Duryea    family.        Having   been 


io82 


THE    EAGLE   AND    BROOKLYN. 


left  an  orphan  at  an  early  age,  he  went  to  reside  with  an  aunt  at  Saratoga,  N.  Y.     When  eleven  years  old 
he  came  to  WUliamsburgh  and  there  began  to  study,  with  an  uncle,  the  then  new  art  of  daguerrotypmg      He 

then    spent   eight  years  in  the  West  Lidies.     When 
-  he  returned  to  this  country,  he  entered  the  studio  of 

Gurney,  as  principal  artist.     For  six  years  he  studied 
the  art   faithfully.     Coming  to  Brooklyn  in  1870,   he 
opened  a  studio  at  the  corner  of  Fulton  and  Tillary 
streets  and  two  years  later  established  the  one  he  now 
occupies.     He  has  made   a  scientific  study  of  the  art 
of  photography,  and  during  his  professional  career  he 
has   made  many  important    improvements  in  photo- 
graphic processes  and   apparatus;   one  of   his    latest 
creations  being  the   "  Knarfograph."     To    prove  the 
theory  that  a  mean  expression  and  a  noble  one  can  be 
produced  from  the  same  face,  he  once  took  two  pict- 
ures from  a  bust  of  Napoleon.       The  test  was  made 
for  the  benefit  of  the  National  Photographic  Society. 
He  was  not   allowed  to  handle  the  lenses,  or  develop 
the  plates.     He  studied  the  various  expressions  of  the 
face  as  affected  by  the  different  shades  of  light  and 
then  posed  the  bust.     \\'hen  the  pictures  were  devel- 
oped one  showed  Napoleon  as  he  is  known  in  the  ideal 
conception  of  nobleness,  while  the  other  pictured  him 
weak   and  cringing,  thus  illustrating  how  light  and 
shade  affect  the  character  lines  of  a  face.     Mr.  Pear- 
sail  is  a  member  of  the  National  Photographic  Asso- 
ciation; president  of  the  Brooklyn  Archery  Club;  and 
was,  in   1881,  secretary  and  treasurer  of   the  National 
Archery  Association.     He  is  past  master  of  Common- 
wealth Lodge,  No,  409,  F.  and  A.  M.  and  a  member  of 
the  Fountain  Gun  Club,  and  of  several  social  clubs. 
Andrew  Hkermance  DeWitt  is  a  lineal  descendant  of  Andreas  DeWitt,  who  was  born  in  New  York  in 
1657;  the  family  came  over  from  Holland  among  the  first  settlers  of  New  York,  and  later  removed  to  Red- 
hook,  Dutchess  County,  where  they  resided  for  several  generations.     Thence  Mr.  DeWitt's  father  removed 
to  Albany,  where  the  son  was  born  on  October  7,  1832.     Mr.  DeWitt  was  educated  at  the  school  of  Pro- 
fessor Anthony   in  Albany.       In   1849   h^  went  into    mercantile    business,    in    the  employ  of    his   uncle, 
William  H.  DeWitt,  becoming  a  partner  in  1858,     In  1865,  his  uncle  retired,  and  the  nephew  continued  the 
business  in  partnership  with  Edward  H.  Clark,  but  removed  his  residence  to  Brooklyn.     This  partnership 
continued  till  1884,  when  Mr.  DeWitt  retired.     Since  his  removal  to  Brooklyn,  he  has  always  been  identified 
with  St.  Ann's  Church,  where  he  has  been  vestryman  twenty-six  years  and  several  years  a  warden.     He  and 
Henry  P.  Morgan  are  the  only  survivors  of  the  board  of  vestrymen  as  constituted  at  the  time  of  the  erection 
of  the  present  church.     In  1858,  he  married  Miss  Irene,  daughter  of  David  W.  Whetmore,  of  Brooklyn;  their 
children  are  Anna,  Irene,  .\ndrew  H,  and  Addin.     Mrs.  DeWitt  died  in  1872. 

W.  Fletcher  Johnson  is  well  known  in  connection  with  journalism  and  has  made  a  reputation  as  a 
writer  and  on  the  platform.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Amaranth  Dramatic  Society  seven  years,  was 
secretary  one  term,  edited  the  society  programme  four  years,  and  was  one  of  the  reception  committee  in 
1891.  He  is  associated  with  several  other  organizations.  As  an  amateur  photographer  he  is  classed  among 
the  experts.  His  business  is  the  management  of  a  syndicate  supplying  special  articles  to  various  papers. 
He  is  secretary  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Priscilla  Braislin  School  of  Bordentown,  N.  ].  A  native  of 
New  York  city,  he  was  born  on  October  7,  1857;  he  was  graduated  at  Pennington  Seminary,  in  N.  J.,  in  1875 
and  matriculated  at  the  New  York  University,  which  he  left  on  account  of  ill  health  before  completing  his 
course.  Since  1888  he  has  been  connected  with  the  editorial  staff  of  the  New  York  Tribune.  He  was  the 
Phi  Beta  Kappa  orator  at  Dickinson  College  in  1891  and  received  the  honorary  degree  of  Master  of  Arts 
from  that  institution.  Several  of  his  books  have  been  published.  He  is  married  and  his  home  is  at  259 
Flatbush  avenue. 

Associated  for  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century  with  many  of  those  who  in  the  financial  circles  of  the 
United  States  have  attained  eminence,  William  H.  Baker,  vice-president  of  the  Postal  Telegraph  Com- 
pany, is  recognized  as  having  promoted  in  a  great  measure  the  best  interests  of  the  corporation  with  which 
he  is  connected.     Fle  is  possessed  of  ready  tact,  judgment  which  is  rarely  at  fault,  and  a  sense  of  discipline 


y2£<<i>0^a^ 


MEN    OF    THE    TIME. 


roS3 


which  not  unkindly  exacts  a  wise  observance  of  duty 
from  subordinates.  Just  after  entering-  upon  his 
fourteenth  year  he  began  work  as  an  office-boy  in  the 
employ  of  a  lawyer,  whom  he  left  soon  after  to  engage 
in  the  commission  business.  Eighteen  months  later, 
he  entered  the  office  of  General  Eckert,  general 
superintendent  of  the  Western  Union  Telegraph 
Company.  He  was  soon  promoted  to  the  position  of 
superintendent's  clerk,  and  in  that  capacity  had  charge 
of  the  accounts  and  other  important  details  connect- 
ed with  the  territory  monopolized  by  the  lines  of  that 
corporation  in  eastern  New  York  and  a  portion  of 
Vermont.  In  1875,  when  Jay  Gould  obtained  con- 
trol of  the  Atlantic  &  Pacific  Telegraph  Company, 
Mr.  Baker's  services  were  sought  by  the  new  man- 
agement; he  was  employed  in  various  capacities  by  the 
Atlantic  &  Pacific  and  held  the  positions  of  transfer 
clerk  and  cashier;  he  was  promoted  to  the  secretary- 
ship of  the  company  when,  in  1878,  the  Vanderbilts 
purchased  the  Gould  interests  in  the  corporation.  In 
i?84  Mr.  Gould  recovered  control  of  the  Western 
Union,  the  great  consolidation  of  telegraphic  inte- 
rests took  place,  and  Mr.  Baker  returned  to  the  service 
of  that  company  but  still  retained  his  office  as  secre- 
tary of  the  Atlantic  &  Pacific.  In  1855  he  became 
WiLLi.AM  H.  Baker.  secretary    and    treasurer    of    the  American     Electric 

Manufacturing  Company,  but  discovering  that  his  new  relations  were  not  so  agreeable  as  he  had  expected, 

he  went  into  Wall  street  and  bought  a  seat  in  the  New  York  Stock  Exchange.     This  was  not  a  successful 

move,  so  he  disposed  of  his  interests  in  the  "  Street"  and  obtained  the  appointment  of  private  secretary  to 

Theodore  N.   Vail,  president   of  the  Metropolitan  Telephone  Company.     Three  years  ago  A.  B.  Chandler 

invited  him  to  undertake  the  duties  attached  to  the  office  of  vice-president  of  the  Postal  Telegraph  Cable 

Company.     He  was  born  in  Buffalo  on  April   13,  1855,  while  his  parents  were  temporarily  residing  in  that 

city.      Two    years  after  his   birth   they  returned   to 

Brooklyn,   where   their    son  was    educated   at  puDuc 

school  No.  15.     In  1877  he  married   the  daughter  of 

General   Edward  B.  Fowler,   the   war  colonel  of  the 

"Fighting   Fourteenth."     They   live   at   152    DeKalb 

avenue. 

Samuel  D.  Crosby   has  lived  in  Brooklyn  since 

1854.     His  life  is  divided  between  his  family  and  his 

business,  and  his  leisure  has  been  devoted  to  the  study 

of    theological  and   philosophical    subjects.     He  was 

at  one  time  a  member  of  the  Church  of  the  Pilgrims, 

from  which  he  transferred  his  membership  to  the  Elm 

Place  Congregational  Church,  where  for  years  he  was 

the  energetic  superintendent  of   the  Sunday-school; 

he  is  at  present  a  member  of  the  Church  of  the  New 

Jerusalem  (Swedenborgian)    at  the  corner  of   Clark 

street  and  Monroe  place.     He  is  a  dealer  in  field  seeds 

and  is  located  in  New  York;  by  untiring  attention  to 

business  and  thoroughly  honest  dealing  he  has  built 

up  a  large  domestic  and  export  trade  from  which  he 

has  already  derived  considerable  wealth.     He  began 

his  enterprise  in  1853   after  having  had  a  reasonably 

successful    experience    as    proprietor    of    a    general 

country  store  in  Thompson,  Conn.     He  was  born  in 

Thompson,  and  his  education  was  obtained  at  a  local 

academy.      Like    other    intelligent    and    industrious 

country  lads  who  have  become  prosperous  merchants, 


I004 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 


he  followed  his  pupilage  in  the  academy  with  a  brief  incumbency  of  the  desk  of  the  school-master,  thus 
amplifying  his  own  knowledge  by  imparting  instruction  to  younger  boys  and  girls.  From  this  occupation 
he  went  into  the  world  of  commerce.  For  ten  years  his  home  has  been  at  i8o  Schermerhorn  street.  He 
is  a  widower,  and  has  been  twice  married;  his  family  consists  of  three  daughters,  who  are  all  gifted  with 
musical  taste  and  are  successful  students  of  th    piano  and  the  violin. 

Elizur  Cx.  Wehstf.r  is  an  old  resident  of  Brooklyn,  having  resided  thirty  years  on  the  corner  of 
Greene  and  Clinton  avenues;  he  has  manufactured  silver  plated  ware  at  622  Atlantic  avenue,  with  a  sales- 
room in  New  York,  for  about  the  same  period.  He  has  been  connected  with  the  P.  E.  Church  of  the 
Messiah  since  i860,  and  is  senior  vestryman.  He  was  born  in  Sennett,  Cayuga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  on  December 
20,  1829,  but  six  months  later  his  parents  removed  to  West  Hartford,  Conn.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Monroe  Academy,  Elbridge,  N.  Y  After  leaving  school,  he  returned  to  his  father's  farm  and  remained  till 
he  had  reached  the  age  of  twenty,  when  he  entered  a  store  at  Bristol,  and  served  as  clerk  three  years  in 
the  employ  of  the  Holmes-Tuttle  Manufacturing  Co.,  manufacturers  of  silver  plated  ware.  He  came  to 
New  York  to  take  charge  of  their  office  in  that  city,  and  when  they  failed  in  1857,  he  began  for  himself 
in  the  same  business.  In  1858  he  married  Miss  Thrall,  sister  of  the  Rev.  George  E.  Thrall,  who  was 
rector  of  the  Church  of  the  Messiah  for  several  years.  Mr.  Webster's  four  sons  are  all  associated  with 
their  father  in  business. 

RiCH.ARi)  Stockton  Roberts  is  a  member  of  a  family  that  has  been  noted  for  patriotism;  his  father 
was  senior  major-general  in  the  United  States  at  the  time  of  his  death.  Mr.  Roberts  was  born  in  Man- 
chester, Vt.,  in  iSiS,  and  after  a  course  of  study  at  the  local  schools  came  to  New  York  at  the  age  of  six- 
teen and  was  employed  eight  years  in  a  dry  goods  store.  He  was  engaged  some  time  in  the  building 
material  business,  which  he  left  in  1856  to  liecome  head  of  the  firm  of  Roberts,  Cushman  &  Co.,  New  York, 
importers  and  manufacturers  of  hatters'  supplies.  In  1847  he  married  Carolina  A.,  daughter  of  the  late 
Levi  Eastman  of  New  York.  He  became  a  resident  of  Brooklyn  in  1850  and  was  one  of  the  organizers  of 
the  Clinton  Avenue  Congregational  Church  in  that  year,  and  ever  since  has  been  one  of  its  most  liberal 
supporters;  he  filled  at  one  time  the  office  of  deacon  and  treasurer.  He  represented  the  twentieth  ward  on 
the  board  of  aldermen  in  1880  and  1881.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Long  Island  Historical  Society  and  the 
New  England  Society  of  New  York,  and  was  one  of  the  charter  members  of  the  Oxford  Club,  in  which  he 
was  active  until  1890,  when  he  resigned. 

James  R.  CowiNti  was  born  in  Brooklyn  in  1841.  He  received  his  education  at  the  Polytechnic  Insti- 
tute, attending  during  the  first  quarter  that  the  institution  was  opened  for  pupils.  He  has  resided  in  this  city 
ever  since,  and  has  been  intimately  connected  with  many  of  its  charitable,  social  and  financial  enterprises. 
He  is  second  vice-president  and  secretary  of  the  Franklin  Trust  Company,  the  treasurer  of  Christ  Church, 
and  a  trustee  of  the  Homoeopathic  Hospital.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Hamilton,  and  Marine  and 
Field  clubs,  and  a  trustee  of  the  Apollo  Club. 

Five  years  after  Brooklyn  had  become  a  corporate  city,  Anthony  F.  Campbell  became  a  resident  of 
this  city.  Born  in  Boston,  in  1822,  he  was  brought  by  his  parents  to  New  York,  where  he  was  educated 
and  where  his  boyhood  was  spent.  Beginnmg  his  life  on  this  side  of  the  East  river  in  1839,  he  gradually 
attained  prommence  in  the  political  arena  of  Kings  County;  he  was  a  Democrat  until  1856,  when  he  became 
a  Republican.  Having  learned  the  trade  of  a  sailmaker  he  pursued  it  with  success  until  i860,  when  he  was 
elected  sheriff  of  Kings  County,  and  served  three  years.  Retiring  into  private  life  for  a  time  he  was  called 
to  office  again  in  1855,  as  an  appointee  of  the  government;  he  became  United  States  marshal  for  the  east- 
ern district  of  New  York,  with  headquarters  in  Brooklyn,  he  being  the  first  to  fill  that  office.  Two  years 
concluded  his  term  of  service,  and  in  1868  he  became  postmaster.  His  tenure  of  this  office  was  terminated 
in  1869,  when  he  was  made  fire  commissioner  of  Brooklyn;  a  post  which  he  held  until  his  resignation  in 
1872.  In  1867  he  was  associated  with  S.  L.  Husted  and  Judge  Alexander  McCue  in  the  commission 
appointed  by  the  state  legislature  to  construct  the  Wallabout  basin,  with  its  docks,  streets  and  waterways. 

There  is  no  man  in  Brooklyn  better  known  in  marine  circles,  or  more  thoroughly  informed  on  matters 
pertaining  to  our  commerce  and  shipping,  than  Captain  Ambrose  Snow.  For  thirty  years  he  followed 
the  sea,  both  as  a  sailor  before  the  mast  and  as  master  of  merchant  vessels;  and  since  retiring  from  active 
seafaring  he  has  been  engaged  in  the  shipping  business  in  New  York.  He  is  a  direct  d'escendant  of 
Nicholas  Snow,  deputy  governor  of  the  Plymouth  colony  in  1623,  and  was  born  in  Thomaston,  Me., 
in  January,  1813.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  education  at  the  district  schools  near  his  home  and 
ended  his  studies  at  the  North  Yarmouth  and  Warren  Academies.  As  a  boy  he  went  to  sea  with  his  father, 
who  was  the  master  of  a  merchantman,  and  at  the  age  of  fifteen  became  a  sailor.  When  twenty  years 
old  he  was  captain  of  a  ship,  and  continued  in  that  capacity  until  he  was  forty  years  old.  Besides  his 
onnection  with  the  shipping  firm  of  Snow  &:  Burgess,  of  New  York,  he  is  identified  with  other  enter- 
prises. He  has  been  a  pilot  commissioner  twenty-five  years,  president  of  the  Board  of  Trade  of  New  York 
fifteen  years,  trustee  of  the  Seamans'  Savings  Bank  thirty  years,  and  for  the  same  period  a  member  of  the 


c 


MEN   OF   THE   TIME. 


lo8s 


Chamber  of  Commerce.  For  twenty-five  years  he  has  been  a  trustee  of  the  SaihDrs'  Snug  Harbor-  during 
fifteen  years  he  has  served  as  president  of  the  board.  He  was  likewise  a  director  of  the  Marine  Banlc  and 
is  president  of  the  American  Shipping  and  Industrial  League,  trustee  of  the  Marine  Society  and  trustee 
of  the  Eastern  District  Hospital.  On  the  occasion  of  the  centennial  celebration  of  1889  he  was  chosen 
as  coxswain  of  the  crew  composed  of  members  of  the  Marine  Society  that  landed  President  Harrison  at 
the  foot  of  Wall  street,  as  one  hundred  years  before  a  similar  crew  had  been  detailed  from  that  society  to 
perform  the  same  service  for  President  Washington. 


/ 


,^^i%^ 


When  the  Union  Elevated  Railroad,  which  first  introduced  practical  rapid  transit  to  Brooklyn,  was  being 
planned,  Edward  H.  Cole  was  one  of  the  most  earnest  promoters  of  the  project.  He  is  treasurer  of  the 
Eaton,  Cole  &  Burnham  Company  of  New  York.  He  was  born  on  December  12,  1831,  in  Orleans,  Mass. 
His  father  was  a  sea  captain,  and  four  or  five  years  of  the  son's  early  boyhood  were  spent  before  the  mast 
at  sea.  The  boy  attended  school  when  he  was  on  shore  in  Orleans  and  neighboring  towns,  until  he  was 
seventeen  years  of  age,  when  he  secured  a  clerkship  in  a  store  in  one  of  the  Cape  towns,  but  afterwards 
went  to  sea  again  for  a  short  time.  In  1855  he  began  to  travel  as  salesman  for  a  New  York  firm,  and  was 
thus  engaged  until  the  spring  of  1858.  In  the  autumn  of  that  year  he  began  service  as  clerk  and  book- 
keeper in  the  Brooklyn  Tube  Works,  of  which  the  late  B.  T.  Benton  was  proprietor.  He  remained  with 
Mr.  Benton  for  seven  years,  after  which  he  went  to  the  oil  regions  and  located  at  Titusville.  In  1870  he  formed 
a  partnership  with  John  Eaton,  with  the  firm-name  of  Eaton  &  Cole,  and  engaged  in  New  York  in  the  sale  of 
iron  and  brass  supplies.  The  Eaton,  Cole  &  Burnham  Company  was  incorporated  in  1875.  In  addition 
to  his  duties  as  treasurer  of  this  corporation  Mr.  Cole  performs  those  of  vice-president  and  New  York 
manager  of  the  Oil  Well  Supply  Company,  of  Pennsylvania.  He  married,  in  January,  1853,  a  Miss  Chase 
who  lived  near  his  native  town  of  Orleans,  and  their  only  child,  Edward  Franklyn  Cole,  who  was  born  in 
i860,  is  a  graduate  of  Columbia  College  and  the  acting  treasurer  of  the  Eaton,  Cole  &  Burnham  Company. 
The  family  occupies  a  handsome  house  at  136  Herkimer  street.  For  years  Mr.  Cole  attended  Plymouth 
Church.     He  is  now  a  member  and  trustee  of  the  Universalist  Church  of  Our  Father  on  Grand  avenue. 


ioS6 


THE    EAGLE   AND   BROOKLYN. 


^<r^' 


pp. 


-jTTI.LMAN    F.    KnEELAN'U. 


STiLL^rAN  Foster  Kneeland,  LL.  I).,  was  born  in  Canada  on  May 
17,  1845.  -^t  the  age  uf  eleven  he  became  apprentice  in  a  printing  office, 
at  the  same  time  pursuing  his  studies  with  such  success  as  to  pass  the 
examination  fur  entrance  to  McGill  University,  five  years  later.  Instead 
of  continuing  his  studies,  however,  he  enlisted  in  the  nth  A'ermont  Vol- 
unteers, fought  for  the  Union  all  through  the  war,  and  was  tendered  a 
commission  as  first-iieutenant  for  bravery,  but  declined  it.  Since  the  war, 
he  has  been  connected  with  the  National  Guard  of  both  Vermont  and  New 
York;  he  is  a  member  of  the  Grand  Army,  and  for  five  years  was  inspector 
of  rifle  practice  in  New  York  city.  After  the  war  he  studied  law  in 
Windsor  County,  Vt.,  and  at  the  Albany  Law  School,  being  graduated  and 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  186S.  He  practised  law  first  in  Albany,  where  he 
compiled  with  some  assistance,  "  Wait's  Digest,''  and  published  ■  Knee- 
land's  Law  Register."  Li  1873  he  removed  to  New  York.  The  contest 
of  the  will  of  A.  T.  Stewart,  in  1876,  was  made  by  him  in  behalf  of  Alex- 
ander Stewart,  of  Vermont,  and  the  Irish  heirs,  and  vigorously  prosecuted 
for  nine  months,  until  a  substitution  of  attorneys  was  made.  He  has  pub- 
lished a  work  on  mechanics'  liens,  which  has  passed  through  two  editions,  and  a  work  on  attachments, 
and  a  treatise  on  rifle  practice.  In  18S6  he  acted  as  chairman  of  the  citizens'  committee,  in  securing  the 
passage  by  the  legislature,  of  a  bill,  of  which  he  was  the  author,  limiting  imprisonment  in  civil  actions.  He 
also  prepared  and  had  introduced  into  the  legislature  of  1892  a  bill  abolishing  such  imprisonment.  In  1871 
he  married  Miss  Mary  Stuart  Wilson,  daughter  of  James  Wilson,  of  Albany.  Mr.  Kneeland  is  chairman 
of  the  board  of  control  of  the  Brooklyn  Art  Club.  His  residence  in  Berkeley  place  is  adorned  with  a  fine 
gallery  of  paintings,  several  being  his  own  production.  He  is  vice-president  of  the  department  of  paint- 
ing of  the  Brooklyn  Institute,  junior  vice-commander  of  U.  S.  Grant  Post,  and  member  of  Union  League 
and  Montauk  clubs.  In  1890,  he  received  from  the  University  of  Michigan  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Laws. 

George  B.  Cornell,  chief  engineer  of  the  East  River  Bridge  Company,  was  chosen  to  fill  that  respon- 
sible position  because  of  the  eminent  fitness  he  had  displayed  for  transacting  similar  duties  in  other  situa- 
tions. He  has  been  engaged  in  the  construction  of  the  Second  avenue  elevated  railway  in  New  York,  the 
Rochester  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  the  New  York,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and  in  bridging  the  line 
of  the   New   York,  West  Shore  &  Buffalo   Railroad.     He   has  also  held  the  position  of  chief  engineer  in  the 

employ  of  the  Brooklyn  and  Union  elevated  railways, 
the  Chicago  and  South  Side  Rapid  Transit  Company, 
and  the  J.  B  &  J.  M.  Cornell  Iron  Works.  He  was 
born  in  New  York  on  October  17,  1855,  and  in  1S76 
was  graduated  from  the  Columbia  College  School  of 
Mines  as  a  civil  engineer  and  mining  engineer.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  American  Society  of  Civil  Engin- 
eers; Kismet  Temple,  Nobles  of  the  Mystic  Shrine; 
and  the  Aurora  (irata  bodies  of  Scottish  Rite 
masonry.  In  January,  1882,  he  married  Miss  Eleanor 
Jackson  of  Ridgway,  Elk  County,  Pa. 

Among  the  famous  virtuosi  and  musical  directors 
of  America,  none  is  better  known  than  Frederick  N. 
Innes,  bandmaster  of  the  13th  Regiment  and  director 
of  Lines'  Band.  He  was  born  in  London,  England, 
on  October  29,  1854,  and  from  his  earliest  years 
evinced  a  taste  for  music.  He  came  from  a  musical 
'•  family,  his    father,  William  Innes,    having   been    for 

years  a  prominent  member  of  the  famous  First  Life 
Guard's  band,  in  which,  before  he  was  twelve  years 
old,  young  Innes  was  assigned  to  the  position  of  solo 
trombonist.  He  remained  in  the  band  eight  years, 
and  in  1874,  having  heard  of  the  grand  opportunities 
which  this  country  offered  to  musicians  of  ability,  he 
came  to  America.  When  he  arrived  he  had  little  more 
than  five  dollars.  After  drifting  from  one  position  to 
another  his  skill  as  a  soloist  attracted  the  attention 


'■*'«ife, 


George  B.  Cornell. 


MEN   OF   THE   TIME. 


1087 


Frederick  N,  Innes, 


of  the  late  P.  S.  Gilmore,  who  at  once  engaged  him, 
and  his  success  as  the  soloist  of  the  Gilmore  organi- 
zation was  immediate  and  pronounced.  He  at  once 
took  his  place  among  the  foremost  instrumental 
soloists  in  America,  and  was  so  recognized  by  the 
musicians  of  the  old  world.  He  played  with  remark- 
able success  in  Paris,  Berlin,  Hamburg,  and  elsewhere 
during  the  winter  of  i38i-2.  Returning  to  America, 
he  appeared  as  a  soloist  exclusively  at  all  the  prom- 
inent concerts  throughout  the  country  and  then 
sought  the  larger  field  of  the  director,  where  his 
magnetism  and  unique  ability  have  placed  him  ahead 
of  many  of  his  older  confreres.  He  organized  his 
first  band  in  San  Francisco  in  1887,  and  after  a  suc- 
cession of  triumphs  there  he  accepted  an  offer  to 
take  charge  of  the  band  of  the  13th  Regiment  N.  G., 
S.  N.  Y. 

The  life  of  Ly.man  S.  Burnham  e.xemplifies  the 
usually  fortunate  results  wrought  by  a  combination 
of  energy  and  capability.  He  has  been  identified  not 
only  with  the  commercial  development  of  Brooklyn 
but  with  its  social  and  religious  mterests.  An  affable 
manner  and  an  open  hand  equipped  him  for  rendering 
aid  in  the  establishment  of  philanthropic  institutions. 
There  has  hardly  been  a  public  undertaking  of  benefi- 
cence in  Brooklyn  withm  forty  years  that  has  not 
had  moral  and  material  support  from  him.  His  patriotism  was  manifested  by  his  earnest  cooperation 
with  other  Brooklynites  in  promoting  the  success  of  the  great  sanitary  fair  for  the  benefit  of  the  hospitals 
of  the  Union  armies  thirty  years  ago.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  and  the  treasurer  of  the  Brooklyn  Ath- 
enaeum; he  was  associated  with  the  movement  which  resulted  in  the  establishment  of  the  Brooklyn  Library, 
and  he  aided  in  the  organization  of  the  Philharmonic  Society  and  the  Apollo  Club,  of  which  he  was  the 
first  vice-president,  and  afterwards  president.     He  was  interested  in  the  formation  of  the   Brooklyn  Club 

and  did  not  retire  from  that  organization  until  he 
had  been  a  member  for  twenty  years.  He  was  also 
instrumental  in  founding  the  O.xford  Club.  For  many 
years  he  was  a  trustee  of  the  Atlantic  Insurance 
Company,  and  now  serves  in  the  same  official  capac- 
ity in  relation  to  the  South  Brooklyn  Savings  Insti- 
tution. He  is  connected  with  the  Brooklyn  Society 
of  the  New  Church  and  was  one  of  those  who  bar- 
gained for  the  purchase  of  the  property  now  held  by 
that  corporation  at  the  corner  of  Monroe  place  and 
Clark  street.  Born  in  Woodville,  N.  Y.,  on  June  28, 
1816,  he  was  educated  at  the  Belleville  Academy  in 
his  native  town.  At  Woodville  he  was  employed  as 
a  clerk  in  a  country  store,  after  which  he  went  to 
Utica  and  worked  in  a  drygoods  establishment  in 
that  city;  in  1841  he  came  to  Brooklyn,  where  he 
continued  his  occupation  as  a  drygoods  clerk  three 
years.  In  1844  he  formed  a  partnership  with  the 
late  H.  P.  Journeay,  and  the  two  opened  a  drygoods 
store  on  Atlantic  street  under  the  name  of  Journeay 
&  Burnham.  When  Mr.  Journeay  died  in  1890,  the 
business  was  turned  into  a  stock  company  with  Mr. 
Burnham  as  president.  In  1892  the  business  of  the 
company  was  removed  to  its  present  location  on 
Flatbush  avenue  near  Fulton.  Although  nearing 
fourscore,  Mr.  Burnham  retains  the  active  supervision 
LV.MAN  S.  BURNHAM.  of  thc  company's  affairs. 


to88 


THE    EA(;LE    and    BROOKLYN. 


When  William  H.  Marston  began  business  in  1849  as  a  dealer  in  coal  and  wood,  the  anthracite  coal 
trade  was  in  its  infancy.  Facilities  for  transportation  were  meagre  and  uncertain  and  his  stock  was  con- 
veyed to  Brooklyn  by  way  of  the  Delaware  &  Raritan,  the  Morris,  and  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  canals. 
He  was  born  at  Xewbur'g,  Orange  County,  N.  Y.,  in  1S25.  His  father,  William  Marston,  was  a  nature 
of  Sands'   Bonn,    L.  I.,  where    he    was   born    in    1793-      He  removed  to  Newburgh,  where   he    married.     He 


William    H.    Maicstun. 

came,  when  his  son  was  five  years  of  age,  to  New  \'()rk  and  lived  to  the  age  of  eighty-nine.  The  son 
received  an  excellent  common  school  anti  business  education,  and  in  1S49  engaged  in  the  coal  and 
wood  business  in  Brooklyn,  in  partnership  with  (leorge  F.  Power.  Success  attended  the  venture  from 
the  beginning  and  the  offices  of  the  existing  firm  stand  upon  practically  the  same  site  as  they  did  forty-three 
years  ago.  The  same  year  in  which  he  began  business,  Mr.  Marston  married  Miss  Merrill,  daughter  of 
Charles  Merrill,  a  prominent  hardware  merchant  of  New  York.  They  have  had  five  children — two  sons  and 
three  daughters;  the  elder  of  the  sons,  now  forty-two  years  of  age,  has  for  the  past  twenty  years  been 
associated  with  his  father,  the  firm-name  being  Marston   i,\:    Son. 

Prominent  among  engineers  who  have  made  a  specialty  of  bridge  construction  and  structural  iron 
work  is  Andrew  J.  Post,  whose  business  interests  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Post  &:  McCord  are  estab- 
lished in  Brooklyn.  He  is  the  son  of  S.  S.  Post,  who  was  identified  with  the  building  of  the  New  York^ 
Lake  Erie  &  Western  railroad  and  the  Bergen  tunnel.  He  was  born  in  Montpelier,  Vt.,  on  December  i, 
1834,  and  attended  school  in  Goshen,  N.  Y.  His  first  business  employment  was  in  the  railway  ticket  office 
at  Piermont,  N.  Y.,  from  which  place  he  was  transferred  to  Owego,  where  he  occupied  various  positions 
connected  with  railway  work.  LTpon  the  appointment  of  his  father  as  chief  engineer  of  the  Ohio  &  Missis- 
sippi railroad  he  was  made  assistant,  but  relinquished  the  position  to  learn  the  iron  business.  For  that  pur- 
pose he  became  an  apprentice  in  the  locomotive  shops  at  Dunkirk  and  remained  three  years.  Then  he 
went  to  Susquehanna  and  passed  a  year  in  the  draughting-rooms  of  the  locomotive  shops  there,  after 
which  he  was  engaged  as  assistant  engineer  in  the  office  of  I.  B.  &  D.  E.  Culver,  city  surveyors  of  Jersey 
City.  His  next  change  was  to  the  McCallum  Bridge  Co.,  which  built  bridges  for  the  government  in  the 
southwest,  during  the  war.  He  took  an  active  part  in  this  work,  which  was  one  of  the  greatest  national 
importance  and  one  of  his  most  pleasing  recollections  is  Uie  help  thus   contributed  to  the   national  cause, 


logd 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 


After  the  close  of  the  war  he  was  associated  as  chief  engineer  with  the  American  Bridge  Co.,  in  Chicago, 
and  still  later  with  the  Watson  Manufacturing  Co.,  at  Patterson,  N.  J.  When  that  company  failed,  he 
formed  a  partnership  with  William  H.  McCord.  They  established  their  works  in  Brooklyn,  E.  D.,  about 
1885.  This  association  facilitated  the  undertaking  of  extensive  engineering  work  and  important  contracts 
for  the  supply  of  iron  fur  bridges  and  buildings.  A  number  of  prominent  buildings  in  New  York  and 
Brooklyn  make  evident  the  thoroughness  of  work  done  by  the  firm.  Mr.  Post  resides  at  136  Magnolia 
street,  Jersey  City.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Palmer,  Carteret  and  New  Jersey  Athletic  clubs  and  is  presi- 
dent of  the  Blooming  Crove  Park  Association  of  Pike  County,  Pa. 

WiLLi.A.M  H.  McCoRL),  of  the  firm  of  Post  (^  McCord,  was  born  in  Newburgh,  New  York,  in  1845,  and 
received  an  education  at  the  public  schools  of  New  York  and  the  College  of  the  City  of  New  York.  He 
began  his  business  life  with  the  old  firm  of  J.  B.  &  J.  M.  Cornell,  with  whom  he  studied  the  architectural 
iron  business.  His  ne.xt  position  was  as  foreman  of  the  Architectural  Iron  Works  of  D.  I).  Badger  &  Co., 
of  New  York.  He  then  became  superintendent  for  Robert  \\'ood  &  Co.,  of  Philadelphia,  and  resigned  that 
position  to  take  the  superintendency  of  the  architectural  department  in  the  establishment  of  the  Watson 
Manufacturing  Co.,  at  Patterson,  N.  J.  While  there  he  made  the  acquaintance  of  Andrew  L  Post,  with 
whom  subsec[uently  he  entered  into  partnership.  His  home  is  in  New  York  city  and  he  is  prominent  in 
social  circles  there,  being  a  member  of  the  Colonial,  Reform,  New  York  Athletic,  American  Yacht,  and 
South  Hampton  Gun  clubs,  besides  several  minor  organizations. 

From  one  of  the  many  families  that  immigrated  to  this  country  from  Holland  in  the  early  part  of  the 
present  century,  Edw.\rd  L.  Ivalufleisch  is  descended.  His  father  was  from  Amsterdam,  and  his  mother 
was  a  native  of  the  Isle  of  Wight.  Their  son  Edward  was  born  at  Norwalk,  Conn.,  on  September  21,  1838, 
and  came  to  Brooklyn  with  his  parents  when  he  was  ten  years  old.  After  receiving  an  education  at  the 
Williamsburgh  Grammar  School,  he  engaged  in  the  chemical  business,  in  1858,  in  New  York.  On  October 
20,  1858,  he  married    Lucy,  daughter  of  Henrv  P.  Freeman,  of  Brooklyn.     For  the   first  five  years  of  its 

existence  he  was  a  member  of  the  Oxford  Club,  but 
resigned  in  order  to  devote  his  leisure  time  to  his 
family.  He  is  a  member,  and  was  for  five  years  a 
trustee,  of  the  Lafayette  Avenue  Presbyterian  church. 
He  received  an  appointment  as  park  commissioner 
under  the  administration  of  Mayor  Seth  Low. 

Beginning  his  business  life  at  a  comparatively 
early  age,  James  Oliver  Carpexter  has  been  enabled 
to  retire  with  an  ample  fortune  at  a  time  when  most 
men  are  still  struggling  to  obtain  a  competence.  Un- 
like many  whose  worldly  ventures  have  proved  suc- 
cessful he  has  declmed  to  rest  satisfied  with  the  fruits 
of  his  business  career,  and  within  the  last  few  years 
has  endeavored  to  improve  and  beautify  a  section 
of  Brooklyn  that  is  peculiarly  worthy  of  development. 
He  is  a  descendant  of  William  Carpenter,  who  was 
born  in  England,  in  1576,  and  eighteen  years  after  the 
Puritans  first  landed  at  Plymouth  settled  at  Wey- 
mouth, Mass.  At  Foxborough,  twenty-five  miles 
from  Weymouth,  James  was  born  on  January  8,  1848. 
His  great-grandfather,  Ezra  Carpenter,  was  one  of 
those  who  fought  at  Lexington;  he  joined  the  Conti- 
nental troops  in  Boston,  witnessed  the  battle  of 
Bunker  Hill,  served  through  four  years  of  the  war 
and  was  present  when  the  American  commander-in- 
chief  effected  that  famous  passage  of  the  Delaware. 
His  grandson,  the  son  of  Oliver  Carpenter,  came  to 
Brooklyn  thirty-five  years  ago.  At  the  age  of  fourteen 
he  went  abroad  to  study  in  Geneva.  In  1865  he  re- 
turned to  America,  and  was  given  a  position  in  the 
ofifice  of  his  father,  who  was  a  manufacturer  and  importer  of  straw  goods.  He  was  afterwards  transferred 
from  the  counting-house  in  New  \-ork  to  the  factories  at  Foxborough,  where  one  of  the  largest  and  most 
important  departments  was  placed  under  his  control.  At  this  time  the  advantages  of  Chinese  straw  braid  had 
just  begun  to  .,l)tain  recognition,  and  in  June,  186S,  he  was  sent  to  China  to  purchase  a  supply  of  this  com- 
modity fur  use  in  his  father's  manufactories.     There  he  remained  nearly  two   years  and  executed  his  com- 


109- 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 


mission  witli  marked  ability.  He  returned  liome  after  making  the  circuit  of  the  globe,  and  in  1S70  became 
a  partner  in  the  lirni  of  |.  S.  Plummer  lV  Co..  importers  of  straw  goods.  In  1872,  he  married  Alena  F. 
Lyon,  daughter  of  William  H.  Lyon,  and  three  years  later  he  became  a  partner  in  his  father-in-law's  firm. 
In  1S87  he  retired  from  active  business;  he  investetl  extensively  in  real  estate  in  the  twenty-fourth,  twenty- 
third,  and  seventh  wards,  where  he  has  erected  many  handsome  and  well  designed  residences.  To-day  he 
is  the  largest  real  estate  owner  in  the  twenty-fourth  ward.  Lie  is  a  member  of  the  New  York  Chamber  of 
Commerce,  a  trustee  of  the  Hamilton  Trust  Company,  and  the  Brevoort  Savings  Bank,  is  a  member  of  the 
e.xecutive  committee  of  the  Tree  Planting  and  F  uintain  Society,  and  of  several  social  clubs,  including 
the  Union  League.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Society  of  the  Sons  of  the  Revolution  and  the  New  Eng- 
land Society.  In  politics,  Mr.  Carpenter  is  a  Republican,  and  in  1892  he  was  nominated  as  one  of  the 
presidential  electors. 

In  mercantile  circles  William  N.  Pe.\k  occupies  a  high  position.  His  factory  for  the  manufacture  of 
wall  ]5apers  is  a  spacious,  four-story  building  and  occupies  a  whole  block  on  Hicks  street.  The  equipment 
is  as  perfect  as  the  most  modern  appliances  of  machinery  and  the  best  mechanical  ability  can  make  it  and 
turns  out  many  million  rolls  of  wall  paper  annually.  In  producing  these  Air.  Peak  has  not  only  used 
designs  of  the  most  skilful  foreign  artists  but  has  en- 
couraged the  talent  of  the  decorative  art  schools  of  

New  York  and  Brooklyn.  In  almost  every  city  and 
village  of  the  land,  the  walls  of  beautiful  homes  testify 
to  the  skill  of  his  hundreds  of  employees  and  his 
personal  taste  and  business  ability.  He  was  Ijorn  in 
England  and  established  this  business  in  the  centen- 
nial year,  1876.  He  has  been  a  citizen  of  Brooklyn 
about  twenty-five  years  and  has  achieved  success  by 
uniting  with  progressive  ideas  and  honorable  methods, 
earnest  hard  work  and  perseverance.  His  personal 
qualities  have  made  for  him  a  large  circle  of  acquaint- 
ances and  friends.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Hamilton, 
Montauk,  and  Union  League  clubs. 

In  the  records  which  tell  of  the  gradual  improve- 
ment and  adornment  of  Brooklyn's  extensive  and 
beautiful  suburbs,  the  name  of  James  F.  Carky  will 
always  hold  an  honorable  place.  He  has  applied  his 
engineering  skill  to  the  nice  problems  of  laving  out  a 
new  and  grading  several  of  the  quaint  old  towns  of 
Kings  County  and  aided  by  the  wide  experience  lie 
has  acquired,  he  has  of  late  years  been  devoting  his 
energies  to  the  practical  re-creation  of  the  most  widely 
known  of  our  sea-side  resorts,  Sheepshead  Bay.  He 
underwent  an  unusually  thorough  preparation  for  the 
work  with  which  his  name  is  now  associated.  He 
was  born  in  New  York  in  1853,  and  received  his  prim- 
ary education  in  the  La  Salle  Institute  of  that  citv.  Willi.^m  n.  Peak. 
He  then  studied  at  St.  John's  College,  Fordham,  from  which  institute  he  was  graduated  in  1872.  The 
special  preparation  for  his  subsequent  career  began  with  his  entrance  into  the  School  of  Mines  of  Columbia 
College,  where  he  spent  four  years.  Upon  the  completion  of  his  course  in  1876,  his  services  were  immedi- 
ately secured  by  the  College  of  St.  Francis  Xavier  in  New  York  city,  where  he  occupied  the  chair  of  pure 
mathematics  one  year.  In  1877,  he  began  the  practice  of  his  own  proper  calling  as  civil  engineer  and 
formed  a  partnership  with  George  C.  Tilden  and  James  R.  Wardlaw.  The  partnership  was  dissolved  in 
1879.  It  was  then  that  Mr.  Carey  became  connected  in  a  professional  capacity  with  the  extensive  improve- 
ments which  had  been  determined  upon  for  the  villages  around  Brooklyn.  Of  many  of  these  he  has  had 
sole  charge.  He  was  engaged  in  establishing  the  grades  for  the  towns  of  New  Utrecht,  Crravesend,  and 
New  Lots.  The  striking  improvements  which  have  so  completely  transformed  Sheepshead  Bay  took  place 
under  his  direction.  For  the  past  five  years  he  has  had  charge  of  the  Kings  County  Farm  at  St.  Johnland. 
All  the  engineering  work  there  is  in  his  hands.  He  designed  the  system  of  sewerage,  water  supply,  and 
the  appliances  for  steam  and  hot  water.  He  superintended  also  the  construction  of  these  works  and  laid 
out  the  road  systems  of  the  place.  The  record  of  his  labors  may  be  said  in  a  literal  sense  to  be  written 
upon  the  face  of  Kings  County,  and  as  the  regions  which  show  the  work  of  his  hands  grow  in  importance, 
his  reputation  will  appreciate  along  with  them. 


tZ.  Cc 


«.^ 


I094 


THE    EAGl.E  AND    BROOKEYN. 


William  W.  Wickf.s  is  a  descendant  of  Thomas 
Wickes — or  Weekes — who  was  the  original  patentee,  in 
1666,  of  a  large  tract  of  kind  on  Long  Island,  of  which 
the  town  of  Huntington  is  now  the  centre.  His 
father,  A'an  W'vck  Wickes,  was  a  captain  during  the 
war  of  1S12;  and  later,  attained  the  rank  of  major- 
general  in  command  of  the  division  which  then  em- 
braced both  SulTolk  and  Queens  Counties.  Van  Wyck 
Wickes  married  Ehza  Herriman  of  Jamaica,  L.  I,, 
and  to  them  were  born  si.v  sons  and  one  daughter. 
William  W.  Wickes,  the  third  son,  was  born  at  Jamaica, 
E.  E,  on  March  13,  1819,  and  was  educated  there  at 
Union  Hall  Academy — Dr.  Eigenlirodt,  principal.  At 
the  age  of  seventeen  he  entered  mercantile  life  at 
Troy  N.  Y.,  where  he  remained  eight  years.  In  1844 
he  removed  to  New  York  city  and  formed  a  copartner- 
ship with  James  J.  Wallace,  under  the  firm-name  of 
Wallace  &  Wickes,  for  the  transaction  of  a  general  pro- 
duce commission  business,  dealing  largely  in  United 
States  government  supplies.  In  1870  Mr.  \\'ickes  was 
vice-president  of  the  Produce  E.xchange  of  New  \'ork, 
and  in  1873  he  withdrew  from  active  business.  In 
1876  he  became  interested  in  a  "patent  refrigerating 
process,"  and  as  a  result,  made  the  hrst  successful  ship- 
ment to  England  of  American  dressed  beef  and  mutton. 
He  was  equally  successful  in  arranging  for  the  sale  of 
American  canned  meats  to  a  large  Eondon  house.  He  has  always  been  active  in  Christian  work,  and  is  con- 
nected with  many  large  charities.  In  1868  he  was  president  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association, 
he  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Brooklyn  Children's  Aid  Society,  and  seven  years  its  president,  and  for 
several  years  he  was  president  of  the  Brooklyn  City  Tract  and  Mission  Society.  He  has  been  connected 
with  the  Lafayette  .Vvenue  Presbyterian  Church  since  its  organization,  and  is  now  its  senior  elder,  having 
served  as  elder  since  i860.      He  married   Rebecca  I.,  daughter  of    Richard    E,  and   Martha   Hutchinson   of 

Brooklyn;  she  died  in  November,  18C7,  leaving  one 
daughter,  Anne  Lincoln,  who  married  Benjamin  F. 
Stephens  of  Brooklyn. 

In  the  house  of  Dr.  Charles  H.  Shepard,  at  the 
corner  of  Columbia  Heights  and  Cranberry  street,  is 
one  of  the  noteworthy  institutions  of  Brooklyn. 
Thirty  years  ago  Dr.  Shepard  became  impressed  with 
the  idea  that  hot  air  baths  were  remedial  and  health- 
ful agencies,  and  he  proceeded  to  open  the  first 
Turkish  bath  that  was  ever  established  in  the  United 
States.  While  he  has  been  also  a  practising  physician, 
he  has  given  most  of  his  time  to  educating  the  public 
in  the  efficacy  of  the  Turkish  bath,  which  he  recog- 
nizes as  a  prevention  for  many  ills,  a  substitute  for 
medicine,  and  a  safeguard  against  doctors'  bills.  The 
bath  he  established,  which  has  ever  since  been  in 
operation,  was  two  years  in  advance  of  the  first  in  New 
York,  and  is  still  one  of  the  most  finely  appointed 
and  thoroughly  equipped.  Accommodations  are  pro- 
vided for  boarding  patrons  who  desire  to  take  a  course 
of  treatment  at  the  baths,  and  persons  come  from 
other  cities  to  avail  themselves  of  the  advantages 
afforded  by  this  institution.  Dr  Shepard  is  an  author- 
ity on  the  use  of  Turkish  baths  and  the  diseases  for 
which  such  treatment  is  recommended,  and  he  has 
frequently  been  called  upon  to  read  papers  on  the  sub- 
ject before  medical  associations.     He  is  a  graduate  of 


CHAKLES    H.    SllliP.ARIJ,     M.    D. 


MEN   OF  THE  TIME. 


1095 


the  New  York  Medical  College,  formerly  on  Thirteenth  street.  After  practising  in  New  York  and  at  Ogdens- 
burg,  St.  Lawrence  County,  which  is  his  native  county,  he  moved  to  Brooklyn  in  July,  1861,  and  occupied  the 
house  at  81  Columbia  Heights,  which  has  ever  since  been  his  office  and  home.  He  has  from  time  to  time 
made  improvements  and  enlargements  of  the  property,  taking  in  the  adjoining  liouse  and  mndelHng  the 
whole  as  an  ideal  sanitarium.  He  was  born  on  September  25,  1825,  was  educated  at  the  academy  at 
Ogdensburg,  and  then  worked  at  a  printer's  case  ten  years  before  taking  up  the  study  of  medicine.  He 
has  been  married  twice  and  has  seven  children  living.  He  is  a  member  of  the  New  York  Reform  Club  and 
the  Twilight  Club,  treasurer  of  the  Brooklyn  Ethical  Association,  and  a  regular  attendant  at  the  Second 
Unitarian  church,  with  which  that  society  is  identified.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Medical  Society  of  Kings 
County,  the  American  Public  Health  Association  and  the  American  Medical  Association. 

James  S.  Stearns  has  earned  a  well-deserved  eminence  in  legal  circles  of  New  York,  where  he  has 
practised  for  the  last  thirty-six  years.  For  twenty-six  years  he  has  been  a  resident  of  Brooklyn,  and  has 
linked  his  name  with  many  projects  that  have  proved  of  practical  benefit  to  the  city.  He  has  labored 
earnestly  for  many  years  to  perfect  an  important  branch  of  parochial  work  as  superintendent  of  the  Sun- 
day-school connected  with  the  Church  of  the  Re- 
formation, on  Gates  avenue,  of  which  church  he  is 
now  the  senior  warden.  The  place  of  his  birth  was 
in  Warren  street,  near  the  corner  of  Broadway,  New 
York,  and  the  date,  March  18,  1835.  His  family 
was  a  distinguished  one;  his  paternal  grandfather. 
Dr.  John  Stearns,  who  died  in  1848,  was  one  of  the 
most  prominent  physicians  in  New  York.  In  April, 
1852,  Mr.  Stearns  became  a  student  in  the  office  of 
William  E.  Curtis,  late  chief  justice  of  the  superior 
court  of  New  York  city;  in  May,  1856,  his  studies 
terminated  and  he  -was  admitted  to  the  bar.  With 
Judge  Curtis  he  was  counsel  in  the  litigation  con- 
cerning the  rubber  patents  of  Charles  Goodyear, 
which  after  Mr.  Goodyear's  death  involved  a  great 
many  suits  and  a  vast  sum  of  money,  and  was  carried 
finally  to  the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States, 
where  the  results  were  entirely  in  favor  of  Messrs. 
Curtis  &  Stearns.  In  other  famous  cases  he  has 
been  successful;  in  his  researches  he  has  been  pa- 
tient and  exhaustive,  and  he  is  unusually  sound  in  his 
conclusions,  while  as  an  attorney  he  is  diligent  and 
painstaking.  During  the  last  few  years,  under  the 
firm-name  of  Stearns  &  Curtis,  he  has  been  asso- 
ciated in  practice  with  William  E.  and  F.  K.  Curtis, 
the  sons  of  his  former  partner.  For  the  last  twenty 
years  he  has  lived  in  the  seventh  ward,  and  his  present 
home  is  at  100  Gates  avenue. 

Cornelius  Zabriskie  is  a  well-known  financier 
who  has  lived  in  Brooklyn  since  1882  and  has  been 
institutions  in  this  city  as  a  stockholder  and  director, 
pany  and  the  People's  Trust  Company,  in  both  of 
holdings  in  other  enterprises  also  are  considerable, 
the  state  of  New  Jersey,  where  his  interests  are  extensive  and  commanding,  lie  is  recognized  as  one 
of  the  ablest  and  best  living  financiers.  When  Jersey  City  was  on  the  verge  of  bankruptcy  a  few  years 
ago,  he  took  a  leading  part  in  the  movement  by  which  the  crisis  was  averted  and  through  his  advice 
and  earnest  efforts  Jersey  City  was  placed  upon  the  sound  financial  basis  which  it  occupies  at  the 
present  time.  He  is  a  director  in  the  Hudson  County  National  Bank  of  Jersey  City,  F'irst  National  Bank 
of  Hoboken,  and  the  Bergen  Turnpike  Company  of  Bergen  County,  N.  J.  He  had  a  good  common  school 
education  and  after  leaving  school  studied  the  materia  medica  and  qualified  himself  to  be  a  druggist,  which 
calling  he  followed  nine  years,  in  Jersey  City.  In  1863  he  accepted  a  position  with  Terhune  Brothers  of 
Jersey  City  and  soon  he  was  placed  in  charge  of  their  house  furnishing  department,  being  charged  with  both 
buying  and  selling.  In  this  employment  his  talent  for  financial  management  became  apparent  and  when,  in 
187 1,  his  employers  were  burned  out,  he  engaged  in  the  banking  business  in  a  small  way.  His  business 
grew  steadily,  and  his  transactions   now  amount  to  millions  of  dollars  annually.     He  was  born   in  that 


e)     Jt^^^rz<^. 


."onnected  with  some  of    the    most   important 
among  which  are   the   Brooklyn  Trust  Com- 
which   he  holds    a   large    amount   of    stock;   his 
He   is  a   banker    bv    native    endowments    and    in 


1096 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BKOOKLYN. 


(Ss^f***** 


CoRNHLIUS    ZABRlf^KIE. 


part  of  Bergen  County,  N.  J.  now  known  as  Cherry 
Hill;  his  great-grandfather  was  a  paymaster  in  the 
continental  army  and  was  conspicuous  both  for  his 
bravery  and  for  his  able  management  of  the  fmids 
intrusted  to  his  care.  He  married  Miss  C).  Addic 
Emerson,  a  daughter  of  the  late  Edward  E.  Emerson 
of  Boston,  and  a  near  relative  of  Ralph  \\'aldo 
Emerson;  their  home  is  at  15  Second  place,  Brook- 
lyn. Mr.  Zabriskie  is  a  member  of  the  Congrega- 
tional Club  and  is  well  known  and  popular  in  social 
circles. 

Few  of  the  residents  of  Brooklyn  who  have 
chosen  commerce  as  their  vocation  have  been  more 
successful  than  joHX  A.  Twfehv,  who  lives  at  179 
Joralemon  street.  He  was  born  in  Norwich,  Ct.,  on  . 
November  20,  1835,  and  was  educated  at  the  local 
grammar  schools,  going  from  there  to  Binghamton, 
N.  Y.,  where  he  obtained  employment  as  a  clerk  in  a 
retail  drygoods  store.  In  1856  he  entered  the  em- 
ploy of  Lee,  Case  iv  Co.,  of  New  York  as  a  stock  boy. 
Thirty  years  ago  he  was  admitted  to  the  firm  and 
has  witnessed  many  changes  in  the  personnel  of  the 
house  from  that  time  until  the  firm  adopted  its  pres- 
ent stvle  of  Lee,  Tweedy  &  Co.  He  is  a  director  of 
the  Tradesmen's  ?!ank  of  New  York  and  is  a  member 
of  the  Germania,  Crescent,  and  Brooklyn  clubs  of 
this  city,  and  Merchants'  Club  of  New  York.  He  is  fond  of  music  and  art,  in  which  he  has  some  reputation 
as  an  amateur.     He  married  Miss  Anna  Richards,  daughter  of  E.  Ira  Richards  of  North  Attleboro,  Mass. 

CvRus  E.  Sr.APLKs,  a  well-known  Brooklyn 
financier,  was  born  in  Bangor,  Me.,  about  fifty 
years  ago.  After  he  had  attended  the  local  schools 
he  shipped,  before  he  had  arrived  at  the  age  of  fifteen 
years,  as  captain's  boy  on  the  brig  "  \'\'heaton."  In 
his  spare  moments  he  studied  navigation,  and  when 
twenty-one  years  of  age,  was  in  command  of  the 
brig  "  E.  A.  McAdams,"  sailing  to  Cuban  and  \\'est 
Indian  ports.  In  his  time  he  has  commanded  some 
of  the  finest  ships  sailing  out  of  New  York  in  the 
Chinese,  Japanese,  East  Indian,  and  European  trades, 
and  he  has  visited  every  ca|)ital  city  in  the  world 
e.xcept  Paris.  He  has  lived  in  Brooklyn  more  than 
thirty  years,  and  for  twelve  years  has  been  engaged 
in  the  banking  and  brokerage  business.  During  the 
winter  he  resides  on  Remsen  street,  but  in  summer 
he  occupies  a  cottage  at  Bayport,  L.  I.,  where  he 
keeps  his  steam  yacht  in  commission  during  the 
season.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Brooklyn  and  Ham- 
ilton clubs,  Brooklyn;  the  Reform  Club,  New  York; 
the  South  Beach  and  the  Great  South  Bay  Yacht 
clubs.  In  his  business  he  deals  exclusively  in 
Brooklyn  securities  and  his  judgment  regarding  them 
is  highly  valued. 

While  elaboration  of  methods  has  been  advanc- 
ing photography  as  an  art,  the  many  uses  to  which 
the  art  is  now  applied,  together  with  the  keen  com- 
petition which  prevails,  make  it  necessary  for  the 
successful  photographer  to  be  a  combination  of  the 
artist  and  the  man  of  business;  and  in  this  respect 
Tho.m.vs  W.   T.wi.or   is    one   whose    success   is    the 


~rr 


MEN    OF   THE    'riME. 


1097 


Thomas  W.   Taylor. 


natural  effect  of  existing  causes.  Born  in  Utica,  N.  Y.,  on  January  9,  1843,  his  childhood  was  passed  in 
New  York  city,  where  he  attended  a  public  school  until  he  was  thirteen  years  old.  After  five  years'  ex- 
perience in  the  dry  goods  business  in  the  house  of  Tate  Brothers,  where  he  was  employed  when  seventeen 
years  old,  he  accepted  a  position  as  manager  for  George  Lugar,  paint 
manufacturer,  and  five  years  were  given  to  that  occupation.  The  suc- 
ceeding years  until  1880  were  variously  occupied,  and  in  that  year  he 
became  a  partner  of  W.  M.  Gardner,  photographer,  of  196  Fulton  street, 
Brooklyn,  the  firm-name  of  Gardner  &  Co.  being  adopted.  In  December 
of  the  same  year  the  firm  purchased  the  business  (jf  Mr.  Braiser,  another 
photographer,  and  moved  to  276-278  Fulton  street,  now  the  oldest  photo- 
graphic studio  in  the  city.  After  the  death  of  Mr.  Gardner,  in  November, 
1886,  Mr.  Taylor  purchased  the  interest  of  his  deceased  partner  in  the 
business,  but  retained  the  old  firm-name,  and  in  his  work  has  won  reputa- 
tion for  artistic  excellence.  He  is  a  Mason  of  long  standing,  having  been 
a  member  of  Anthon  Lodge,  F.  and  A.  M.,  since  1876,  of  which  he  is  now 
a  past  master;  a  companion  in  Altair  Chapter,  R,  A.  M.,  since  1880  and  a 
sir  knight  of  St.  Elmo  Commandery,  K.  T,,  a  number  of  years. 

In  carrying  to  completion  some  of  the  heaviest  public  and  private 
contracts  ever  undertaken  in  this  country,  the  members  of  the  firm  of 
Cranford  &  Valentine  have  long  ranked  preeminent  among  their  business 
associates  in  this  city,  John  P.  Cranford,  the  head  of  the  firm,  is 
a  native  of  British  North  America.  He  was  born  on  March  27,  1824,  came  to  Brooklyn  twenty  years 
later,  and  has  lived  here  ever  since.  His  early  career  as  a  contractor  was  marked  by  the  consummation 
of  many  public  improvements,  particularly  in  paving;  he  was  one  of  the  earliest  advocates  of  the  use 
of  asphalt  for  this  purpose  and  did  much  towards  perfecting  the  process  of  its  application.  He  laid 
the  first  asphalt  pavement  in  Prospect  Park.  David  H.  Valentine  was  born  at  Flushing,  L.  I.,  on 
November  4,  1845,  and  was  educated  in  Brooklyn  at  the  Polytechnic  Institute.  After  pursuing  various 
occupations  he  met  Mr.  Cranford,  and,  in  1884,  the  firm  of  Cranford  &  Valentine  was  formed.  Though 
modest  and  unostentatious,  both  members  of  the  firm  are  noted  for  their  public  spirit  and  are  always  fore- 
most among  those  who  are  interested  in  the  cause  of  charity,  Mr.  Cranford  is  a  member  of  the  Hamilton, 
Montauk,  and  Riding  and  Driving  clubs.  Politically  he  is  independent,  Mr.  Valentine's  social  qualities 
make  him  a  valuable  member  of  the  Oxford,  Lincoln,  Riding  and  Driving,  and  Marine  and  Field  clubs. 

Spencer  A.  Jennings  is  a  native  of  the  west, 
but  his  father  was  from  Long  Island  and  his  ances- 
tors were  New  Englanders,  the  immediate  branch 
of  the  family  having  lived  on  Long  Island  many 
years  ;  his  grandfather  was  an  officer  in  the  war  of 
1812,  His  father  was  Henry  S,  Jennings  and  his 
mother  was  Miss  Cook  of  New  York  city;  they  had 
been  residents  of  Illinois  three  years,  where  he  was 
born  in  1850.  For  several  years  he  studied  at  the 
Northwestern  College,  Plainfield,  III,  and  his  final 
studies  were  made  at  Islip,  L.  I.,  the  family  having 
returned  east  to  Brooklyn.  Since  1867  he  has  been 
in  business  in  New  York  city  and  he  is  a  member  of 
the  firm  of  Bruce  &  Cook,  inspectors  of  metals,  which 
firm  was  established  in  1812.  In  May,  1885,  he  mar- 
ried Miss  Ellen  E.  Buchanan  of  Illinois,  and  their 
home  was  in  New  York  until  a  few  years  ago;  they 
now  reside  at  663  Willoughby  avenue  and  their  family 
consists  of  three  children.  Mr.  Jennings  is  a  member 
of  the  Union  League  Club  and  was  one  of  the  original 
members  of  the  Lincoln  club.  The  Throop  Avenue 
Presbyterian  Church  is  his  place  of  worship. 

During  his  residence  of   nearly   thirty  years    in 

Brooklyn,  George   C.  Adams  has  won  popularity  in 

various  circles  and  has  been  well  known  in  social  and 

club  life.     He  is  best  known  by  his  connection  with 

Spencek  a.  Jennings.  the  business  interests  of  the  Eagle,  which  is  referred 


logS 


THE   EAGLE   AND   BROOKLYN. 


George  C.  Adams 


to  in  an  earlier  chapter.  He  is  the  only  son  of  the 
late  James  Adams,  a  charter  resident  of  the  town 
of  Winchester,  Mass.,  and  a  direct  descendant  of 
Henry  Adams  of  Braintree.  After  studying  at  the 
academy  in  his  native  town  of  ^\'inchester  he  con- 
cluded his  studies  at  a  business  college  in  Brooklyn. 
In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat  and  although  he  is  not 
prominent  in  political  affairs  he  was  the  first  prop- 
erty clerk  in  the  Brooklyn  police  department,  holding 
that  position  under  the  auspices  of  his  party,  with 
Commissioners  Briggs  and  Van  Anden  as  his  superior 
officers.  He  was  connected  with  the  National  Guard 
many  years  and  is  a  veteran  of  the  23d  Regiment.  He 
was  a  charter  member  of  the  Brooklyn  Skating  Club 
and  the  Entre  Nous,  and  he  is  identified  with  several 
of  the  leading  secret  and  social  organizations  of  the 
city. 

Theodore  F.  Jackson,  ex-controller  of  the  city 
of  Brooklyn,  was  born  on  November  16,  1830,  m 
Morris  County,  N.  J.  His  paternal  ancestor,  Robert 
Jackson,  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  town  of 
Hempstead,  L.  I.,  and  his  mother  was  a  descendant 
of   an    old    English  family   whose    history  has  been  *; 

identified  with  that  of  Long  Island  for  the  last  two 
hundred  and  fifty  years.  After  receiving  an  educa- 
tion in  the  public  schools  of  Avon,  Livingston  County, 
N.  Y.,  Mr.  Jackson  began  to  study  law  when  seventeen  years  old.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1852,  and  in 
the  same  year  became  a  resident  and  a  practitioner  in  W'lUiamsburgh,  associating  himself  in  his  profession 
with  Corporation  Counsel  Thompson.  He  was  appointed  registrar  of  arrears  by  Mayor  Low  and  held 
the  office  from  February  i,  1882,  until  February  i,  1886.  In  iS8g,  he  was  elected  controller  on  the  Dem- 
ocratic ticket  to  fill  an  unexpired  term  of  one  year.  He  was  reelected  in  1890.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Hamilton,  Hanover,  and  Brooklyn  clubs,  and  takes  an  active  interest  in  each  of  them.     On   September  ii, 

1861,  he  married  Miss  Cornelia  Burr,  daughter  of 
Jonathan  S.  Burr,  a  resident  of  Williamsburgh,  who 
was  a  member  of  the  board  of  education  twenty- 
five  years,  and  vice-president  of  the  Williamsburgh 
Savings  Bank. 

Having  moved  to  Brooklyn  about  thirty  years 
ago,  Daniel  Birdsall  has  for  many  years  been  quite 
an  active  member  of  the  Episcopal  church;  for  some 
time  he  was  a  vestryman  of  St.  Paul's.  He  is  at  pres- 
ent vice-president  of  the  Sheltering  Arms  Nursery; 
director  of  the  Brooklyn  Life  Insurance  Co.;  member 
of  the  Merchants'  Club  of  New  York;  and  of  the 
Hamilton  and  Rembrandt  clubs  of  Brooklyn.  He 
has  a  choice  collection  of  paintings,  and  is  an  art  con- 
noisseur, whose  judgment  is  conceded  to  be  excellent. 
Mr.  Birdsall  lives  unostentatiously.  In  politics  he  is 
a  Republican,  but  has  never  taken  an  active  part  in 
public  affairs.  In  business  circles  he  is  well  known 
as  the  head  of  the  real  estate  firm  of  Daniel  Birdsall 
&  Co.,  of  New  York,  which  deals  largely  in  store  prop- 
erty and  manages  much  valuable  real  estate  between 
the  Battery  and  Twenty-third  street. 

Timothy  Hocan  is  a  Brooklynite  well  known  for 

his  business   enterprise  and  for    his    enthusiasm  for 

yachting  born  of  a  natural  love  for  the  sea.     He  is  a 

member  of  the   Marine   and   Field  clubs,  and  of  the 

DANIEL  Birdsall,  Atlantic  and  New  Rochelle  Yacht  clubs,    He  is  3 


MEN    OF   THE   TIME. 


1099 


director  of  the  Brooklyn  Bank  and  one  of  the  board  of  managers  of  the  Sheltering  Arms  Nursery.  He  was 
born  in  Liverpool,  England,  on  February  17,  1835.  From  the  age  of  thirteen  until  1856  he  was  a  sailor, 
rising  to  the  position  of  chief  officer  on  ships  of  Robert  Kermit's  "  Red  Line."  Going  to  New  Orleans  after 
he  had  given  up  seafaring  he  engaged  in  stevedoring,  and  in  1858  he  became  a  partner  in  the  firm  of  Brown 
&  Hogan.  His  next  venture  was  as  a  contractor  under  the  Confederate  government  for  work  in  the  fortifi- 
cations of  the  city,  and  he  was  engaged  in  constructing  earthworks  when  Farragut  took  the  city  on  April  20, 
1862.  The  summer  of  1872  found  him  in  New  York,  where  he  became  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Pinder  & 
Hogan,  and  built  up  a  large  business  in  stevedoring.  Afterwards  he  was  largely  interested  in  the  building 
of  a  class  of  large  freight  steamships.  He  has  been  an  owner  in  a  number  of  steamship  lines,  and  is  at  the 
present  time  the  president  of  the  North  American  Transport  Company.  With  his  sons,  Charles  W.  and 
Jefferson  Hogan,  he  established  the  firm  of  T.  Hogan  &  Sons,  and  in  1892  his  youngest  son,  Arthur  F.,  was 


Hugh  V.   Mon.ahan. 
admitted  to  the  firm      He  is  a  member  of  the  Produce  and  Maritime  exchanges  and  was  formerly  a  di- 
rector of  the  last-named  organization.     In  1857  he  married    Miss  Mary  Nichols  Millward  of  Liverpool, 

who  died  in  1882. 

By  the  display  of  diligence  and  integrity  Hugh  V.  Monahan  has  won  enviable  success  m  life.  He  was 
born  in  Granard,  Ireland,  on  August  15,  1852,  and  was  educated  at  St.  Mary's  College;  he  came  to  Amer- 
ica when  seventeen  years  old  with  less  than  one  hundred  dollars  in  his  pocket.  His  first  employment  in  the 
United  States  was  obtained  in  the  capacity  of  a  grocery  clerk,  and  by  carefully  husbanding  his  earnings  he 
gathered  enough  capital  to  embark  independently  in  the  business.  He  opened  a  grocery  store  in  New  York 
at  the  corner  of  Second  avenue  and  Thirty-ninth  street,  and  the  trade  he  acquired  soon  outgrew  the  lim- 
ited capacities  of  his  first  establishment;  he  removed  to  Brooklyn.  Prosperity  followed  him.  In  two  years 
his  enterprise  on  this  side  of  the  river  had  resulted  so  fortunately  that  he  sold  his  establishment  and  opened 
a  furniture  store  with  the  proceeds  at  the  corner  of  Fifth  avenue  and  Nineteenth  street.  The  capital  at  his 
command  when  undertaking  this  new  project  amounted  to  $4,000.     The  volume  of  trade  was  small  at  first, 

*^  .        .1  _j i —  ^     ,,.1-1. ^li     V.Q     o4-    rM-oc_ 


but  gradually  increased   until  in    i886  he  found  it   necessary  to 


erect  the  new  structure  which  he  at  pres- 


ent occupies;  the  building  contains  a 


basement  and  four  stories  and  there  are  about  480,000  square  feet 


1100 


'I'HK    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 


of  floor  area.  Mr.  Monahan  has  a  lar-c  staff  of  employees,  to  whom  he  accords  a  generous  treatment, 
having-  been  one  of  the  prime  advocates  of  the  early  closing  movement  among  South  Brooklyn  merchants. 
He  owns  a  considerable  quantity  of  real  estate  both  in  South  Brooklyn  and  in  the  twenty-sixth  ward  and 
has  lately  become  the  possessor  of  more  than  two  hundred  building  lots  in  the  latter  locality.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Columbian  Club,  the  Catholic  Knights,  the  Catholic  Benevolent  Legion,  the  Royal  Arcanum, 
and  the  National  Provident  Uni,>n.  He  married  .Miss  ALary  Teresa  -McCue,  daughter  of  John  McCue,  a 
leading  contractor  of  this  city,  and  lives  with  his  wife  and  two  sons  in  a  handsomely  furnished  home  on 
Tenth  street,  near  Ninth  avenue. 

Li  this  later  part  of  the  nineteenth  century  printing  has  reached  a  degree  of  artistic  excellence  which 
surpasses  the  dreams  of  those  who  gave  to  it  the  proud  designation  of  "art  preservative  of  all  arts";  and 
among  men  who  are  entitled  to  credit  for  worthy  eff.jrt  in  its  recent  development,  place  is  justly  accorded 
to  Robert  F.  Ci,.\kk,  superintendent  of  the  job  printing  department  of  the  Eaule.  His  connection  with 
the  oftice,  covering  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century,  is 
referred  to  elsewhere  in  this  work;  its  results  are  seen 
in  the  completeness  of  the  department  over  which  he 
has  presided  many  years.  He  was  born  in  Hudson, 
Columbia  County,  N.  Y.,  and  receiving  his  education 
at  the  parish  school  connected  with  Christ  Church, 
and  at  the  public  schools  of  that  place,  he  was  ini- 
tiated into  business  life  in  the  store  of  his  father,  a 
dealer  in  crockery.  _A  short  experience  in  the  drug 
business  followed,  and  then  his  attention  was  turned 
to  the  trade  which  is  now  his  vocation.  At  the  age 
of  eighteen  he  obtained  employment  in  the  office 
of  the  Hudson  Daily  Star,  where  two  years'  work 
confirmed  his  predilection  for  the  printer's  craft,  and 
he  determined  to  acquire  the  most  thorough  knowl- 
edge of  his  calling  that  he  could  obtain.  \\'\X\\  that 
aim  he  accepted  a  position  in  the  printing  and  pub- 
lishing house  of  Baker  &  Godwin,  New  York,  with 
whom  he  remained  three  years.  From  that  house  he 
came  to  the  E.\gle  establishment  and  his  merit  soon 
resulted  in  his  advance  to  the  position  of  foreman. 
Experience  and  success  in  this  line  of  duty  soon  led 
to  his  advancement  to  the  assistant  superintendency 
and  the  full  management  of  the  department  succes- 
sively. Under  his  administration  the  business  has  in- 
creased constantly  and  the  establishment  is  the  most 
complete  and  extensive  in  Brooklyn. 

Is-A.^c  I).  Rkvxiii.us  is  a  well-known  and  leading 
architect  of  this  city,  and  has  lived  here  e\er  since  he  was 
parents  resided  at  Richfield,  Conn.,  but  shortly  afterwards  removed  to  Williamsburgh,  where  young 
Reynolds  received  his  education.  Upon  leaving  school,  he  began  to  study  architecture  in  the  office  of 
Mr.  Paten,  with  wh<jm  he  remained  about  three  years.  At  the  close  of  his  apprenticeship  he  opened  a 
small  office  for  himself  on  Myrtle  avenue,  and  carried  on  business  there  for  a  period  of  two  years.  During 
the  last  twenty-one  years  he  has  been  located  at  his  present  situation,  363  Fulton  street.  The  buildings 
designed  and  supervised  by  him  include  the  depot  of  the  Coney  Island  &  Brooklyn  Railroad,  the  Brooklyn 
City  Railroad  Car  Stables  in  East  New  \'(jrk,  and  numerous  elegant  private  residences.  In  1889,  his 
son,  Herbert  B.  Reynolds,  was  taken  int<j  partnership,  and  the  business  has  been  ever  since  carried  on 
under  the  name  of   Isaac  D.  Reynolds  &  Son. 

Among  the  leading  architects  of  the  city  Rop.krt  Dixon  takes  high  rank.  Mr.  Dixon  is  a  native  of 
Brooklyn,  and  was  born  thirty-seven  years  ago.  He  received  his  education  at  the  Polytechnic  Institute, 
and  when  he  was  graduated  he  worked  at  the  carpentering  trade  for  three  years,  afterwards  entering  the 
office  of  M.  J.  Morell,  with  whom  he  studied  architecture  for  a  period  of  four  years.  He  then  opened  an 
office  in  the  Mechanics'  Bank  building — 219  Montague  street — where  he  has  since  remained.  He  has  been 
identified  with  the  C(jnstruction  of  the  female  almshouse  and  a  portion  of  the  insane  asylum  at  Flatbush, 
and  the  armory  of  the  3d  Gatling  Battery  on  Dean  street.  Fie  has  also  been  engaged  in  connection  with 
the  laying  out  of  many  of  the  best  known  and  most  frequented  race  tracks  in  this  vicinity,  at  Coney  Island, 
(."■uttenburg.    Linden  Park,  and  elsewhere. 


Robert  F.  Clark. 
eleven  vears  of    age.     When  he  was  born  his 


MEN    OF   THE   TIME. 


1  lot 


S'F" 


James  N.   Brown. 


JAMES  Noel  Brown  was  born  at  Carmarthen,  AVales,  on  May  21,  1S50.  His  father,  fames  B.  Brown 
was  engaged  in  the  worl<;  of  public  education  before  he  came  to  this  country  in  1850;  on  his  mother's  side 

he  is  of  Scotch  ancestry;  he  has  resided  in  Broolclyn  ail  his  life  with  the 
exception  of  four  years  from  18S4  until  1S88,  when  he  was  settled  at 
Council  Bluffs,  Iowa.  He  was  thoroughly  educated  in  commercial  branches 
at  a  business  college  in  New  York.  He  has  always  been  active  in  relig- 
ious work  and  philanthropic  enterprises,  having  been  connected  with  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  on  Reid  avenue,  in  this  city,  where  his  pecu- 
niary subscriptions  have  been  heavy,  and  where  his  business  ability  has 
been  highly  valued.  He  has  been  a  banker  all  his  life  and  is  now  the  head 
of  the  house  of  James  N.  Brown  &  Co.,  of  New  York.  He  began  his  busi- 
ness career  as  a  junior  clerk  with  Oilman,  Son  &  Co.,  where  he  remained 
eighteen  years,  when  he  went  west  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Burnham, 
•■^  Tulley  &  Company.     At  Council   Bluffs   he  became  cashier  of  the  Council 

V  Bluffs  National   Bank,  a  member  of  the  board  of  trade,  and  a  member  of 

i  the  largest  loaning  firm  in  the  west.     He  is  president  and  treasurer  of  a 

large  mortgage  and  trust  company  which  has  loaned  over  ten  million 
dollars,  and  whose  operations  have  been  uniformly  successful,  and  he  is 
generally  regarded  as  one  of  the  ablest  financiers  in  the  metropolis.  On 
December  4,  1872,  he  married  Miss  Catnerine  A.  Weeks  of  Westchester 
County  and  has  three  daughters;  they  live  at  318  Jefferson  avenue. 

Walter  M.  Coots  has  attained  considerable  distinction  as  an  architect.  He  is  a  native  of  Rochester, 
N.  Y.,  where  he  was  born  in  1865,  and  where  he  was  graduated  at  the  high  school  in  1879.  He  early 
decided  to  become  an  architect,  doubtless  inheriting  the  taste  from  his  father,  who  was  employed  by  the 
state  in  that  profession.  After  spending  four  years  under  his  father's  tuition  young  Coots  travelled  exten- 
sively in  this  country.  In  1885  he  came  to  Brooklyn,  and  located  himself  at  26  Court  street.  Mr.  Coots 
has  designed  and  supervised  the  construction  of  many  fine  buildings  in  and  about  Brooklyn.  Among 
these  are  the  Lane  factory  buildings  on  Fifth  avenue,  the  Hempstead  high  school,  the  office  building  of 
the  department  of  public  works  at  the  foot  of  Smith  street,  and  various  private  residences. 

Wm.  a.  Mundell  was  born  in  Brooklyn  in  1844  and  was  educated  in  this  city  at  public  school  No.  i 
and  also  at  private  institutions.  He  studied  architecture  for  seven  years  under  Herman  Teckritz.  In  1865 
he  began  business  for  himself,  and  continued  alone  for  one  year,  when  he  entered  into  partnership  with  his 
former  instructor  and  the  firm  of  Mundell  &  Teckritz  was  organized.  He  designed  and  supervised  the  con- 
struction of  such  buildings  as  the  hall  of  records,  the  Inebriates'  Home  at  Fort  Hamilton,  the  Howard 
Orphan  Asylum,  the  Almshouse  at  Flatbush,  the  workshops  at  the  Penitentiary,  the  Contagious  Diseases 
Hospital  at  Flatbush,  the  Poppenhusen  Institute,  the  armories  of  the  23d,  i4tli,  47th,  and  32d  Regiments 
and  the  Pouch  Mansion. 

Interesting  variety  has  characterized  the  life  of  Colonel  John  Lansing  Burleigh,  whose  military  ca- 
reer began  in  his  boyhood;  in  1861,  at  the  age  of  fourteen,  he  was  commissioned  ensign  in  the  17th  Regi- 
ment, N.  Y.  Volunteers,  and  though  one  of  the  youngest,  if  not  the  youngest,  of  commissioned  officers  in 
the  New  York  contingent,  he  was  one  of  the  bravest.  Promoted  to  first-lieutenant  his  gallantry  secured 
his  advance  to  the  ne.xt  grade,  and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  he  was  a  captain.  In  the  second  battle  of  Bull 
Run  he  was  badly  wounded  and  disabled  for  further  service.  The  brevet  promotions  of  major,  lieutenant- 
colonel  and  colonel  were  conferred  upon  him  and  recommendations  for  his  promotion  in  the  regular  army 
were  made  by  Generals  Daniel  Butterfield,  Fitz  John  Porter  and  George  B.  McClellan.  After  the  war,  in 
1868,  he  was  chief  of  staff  to  General  Thomas  S.  Dakin  of  the  National  Guard  of  New  York.  He  was  born 
in  Cambridge,  Mass.,  in  1847.  Going  to  Michigan  m  1874  he  was  graduated  from  the  Michigan  University 
in  the  law  class  of  1876  and  in  the  same  year  was  nominated  for  mayor  of  Ann  Arbor.  He  declined,  but 
accepting  a  nomination  for  senator  he  was  elected  by  a  majority  exceeding  any  other  on  the  Democratic  side. 
In  1882  his  love  for  the  stage  led  him  to  become  an  actor,  and  he  was  successful  in  that  profession  until  an 
attack  of  sciatica  compelled  his  retirement  in  1887.  His  last  appearance  was  in  the  character  of  Macbeth 
at  the  old  Brooklyn  Theatre.  Afterwards  he  resumed  the  practice  of  law  and  is  a  successful  practitioner 
in  Brooklyn.  He  has  travelled  extensively  in  India,  Egypt  and  China  and  is  an  entertaining  conversation- 
alist. He  is  a  member  of  Thomas  S.  Dakin  Post,  G.  A.  R.,  the  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion,  a  32° 
Mason,  a  Phi  Delta  Phi  man  and  a  member  of  the  Hamilton,  Montauk,  Crescent  and  Union  Democratic 
clubs. 


The  Real  Estate  Exchange,  Muntagle  Street. 


REAL  ESTATE  AND  SUBURBAN  DEVELOPMENT. 


^HE  territorial  expansion  of  communities  along  tlie  Atlantic  seaboard  of  the  United 
States  has  been  at  all  times  a  necessarily  gradual  process.  The  vigorous,  feverish 
energy  which  has  stimulated  the  rapid  growth  of  populous  centres  in  the  west  has 
been  rendered  impossible  or  inapplicable  in  our  section  of  the  country,  and  although 
in  cities  like  Brooklyn  an  era  of  decided  progress  may  be  discovered  within  the 
imits  of  each  successive  decade,  the  material  transition  from  hamlet  to  village, 
from  village  to  town,  and  from  town  to  city,  can  be  understood  only  from  the  van- 
tage ground  offered  by  much  larger  periods.  Admitting  this  statement  as  axiom- 
atic, it  may  be  asserted  safely  that  the  superficial  expansion  of  Brooklyn  since  its 
incorporation  as  a  city  has  been  unusually  rapid  and  is  defined  with  especial  clear- 
ness in  the  visible  records  of  the  last  quarter  of  a  century.  Within  that  time, 
strongly  marked  changes  have  taken  place  in  municipal  topography.  Twenty-five 
years  ago  certain  sections  of  the  city  which  the  popular  idea,  inspired  by  the  sense 
of  long  obliterated  boundary  lines,  still  partitions  under  certain  local  designations,  were  sparsely  studded 
by  the  farm-houses  of  the  old  settlers  or  the  suburban  dwellings  of  metropolitan  business  men.  In 
winter,  snow-drifts  lay  along  the  upper  level  of  the  rail  fences  which  shut  in  the  farms  on  the  present  line  of 


I104  THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 

Tompkins  and  Throop  avenues;  Prospect  Slope  was  still  undeveloped;  South  Brooklyn  had  taken  only  a 
few  uncertain  steps  in  its  present  course  of  expansion  towards  Ijay  Ridge;  and  the  vague  appellation  of 
"  New  Brooklyn,"  which  to-day  includes  some  of  the  magnificent  avenues  of  the  twent)--fourth  and  twenty- 
fifth  wards,  had  not  yet  come  into  general  use. 

The  causes  of  this  extraordinary  growth  since   1S67,  when  the  enterprise  of  the  city  began  to  awake, 
are  found  in  the  extension  of  the  rapid  transit  system,  whicli  has  connected  all  portions  of  the  community 
and  rendered  access  to  the  great  business  centres  of  New  York  a  matter  of  ease  and  convenience.     Ferries 
line  the  water-front  from  'I'hirty-ninth  street  to  the  bounds  of  Long  Island  City;  the  bridge  gives  an  enor- 
mous impetus  to  inter-urban  traffic;  elevated  railroads,  by  the  most  comprehensive  transfer   system  known, 
obviate  many  of  the  unpleasant  features  of  local  travel;   surface  car  lines  thread  miles  of  streets;  and  with 
all  these  advantages  it  is  scarcely  to  be  wondered  at  that  every  year  brings  to  Brooklyn  a  large  influx  from 
New  York.      The  New  Yorker  has  found  that  his  business  is  as  readily  accessible  from  the  upper  portions 
of  Brooklyn  as  it  is  from  the  rocky  streets  of  Harlem,  and  that  he  can  obtain   more  comfort  at  less  pecuni- 
ary expense  in  this  city  than  anywhere   else.     Brooklyn,  too,  has  long  since   shaken  off  the  reproach  that 
her  vast  territory  is  only  a  great  dormitory  for  the  business  men  of  New  York,  and  with  gigantic  docks  and 
extensive  commercial  and  manufacturing  interests,  she  has  risen  to  her  proper  station  among  the  splendid 
cities  of  the  American  continent.     Increase  in  wealth  and  population  necessarily  entail  increase  in  territory. 
For  a  long  time  the  growth  of  the  city,  was  undirected  by  speculative  enterprise.     Land  companies  were 
almost  unknown.      Those  who    wanted    homes  built  them  wherever  sites  were  obtainable  without  much 
regard  to  the  future  appearance  of  the  city,  and  so  Brooklyn  spread   out  in  all  directions  with  unpaved  and 
poorly  graded  streets  and  with  all   the  disadvantages  produced  by  the   lack  of  proper  directive   energies. 
Now  the  agency  of  the  real  estate  speculator  has  become  a  potent  factor  in  city  and  suburban  development. 
Whole  sections  of  land   in  the  upper  and  outlying  wards  have  been  bought  by  individuals   or  syndicates 
and  cut  up  into  building  lots;   farms,  held   for  generations  in  the  families  of  the   early  Dutch  settlers,  have 
been  sold  at  prices  that  would  stagger  their  original  proprietors,  and  a  score  of  flourishing  suburban  towns 
and  villages  have  been  newly  developed  on  old  foundations  or  have  sprung  into  existence  in   response  to 
speculative  enterprise. 

Until  the  incorporation  of  Brooklyn  as  a  city,  the  growth  of  the  town  had  been  comparatively  slow. 
Through  the  long  years  that  intervened  between  the  first  settlement  of  the  place  by  the  Dutch  and  the 
beginning  of  the  revolutionary  war,  the  population  within  what  are  now  the  limits  of  the  citv  was  housed 
m  rather  small  districts,  one  community  clustering  in  Brooklyn  near  the  banks  of  the  East  river,  another 
at  Wallabout,  another  at  Bedford  Corners,  another  in  Williamsburg,  another  at  (Ireenpoint,  another  at 
Bushwick,  and  still  another  within  the  present  boundaries  of  the  twenty-sixth  ward.  Time  and  necessity 
were  yet  needed  to  weld  these  distinctive  elements  of  a  future  great  city  into  a  coherent  body.  In 
1818,  the  year  after  the  old  Ferry  road  assumed  its  present  name  of  Fulton  street,  a  survey  of  the  town 
was  made  by  Jeremiah  Lott  and  W.  M.  Stewart.  Its  boundaries  at  that  time  were  District  street  (now 
Atlantic  avenue).  Red  Hook  lane  to  Fulton  street,  thence  in  a  straight  line  to  Wallabout  Bay  and  thence 
along  the  river  front  back  to  the  foot  of  District  street.  It  was  not  until  1824  that  there  appeared  the 
most  pronounced  signs  of  that  awakening  and  enterprise  which  proved  the  immediate  precursor  of  future 
municipal  importance.  People  became  thoroughly  alive  to  the  advantages  which  a  city  charter  would  confer 
and  the  community  began  to  show  its  fitness  for  larger  privileges;  old  streets  were  reorganized  and 
repaved;  new  streets  were  laid  out;  and  the  roads  leading  out  of  town  to  the  neighboring  settlements  were 
considered  insufficient,  and  unsuited  to  popular  needs.  The  Heights  began  to  be  more  thickly  studded  with 
the  dwellings  of  the  wealthier  residents  and  the  town  was  advancing  perceptibly  along  the  line  of  Fulton 
street  towards  the  village  of  Bedford.  Prior  to  1S33  South  Brooklyn,  as  we  now  understand  the  term  had 
no  existence,  but  in  that  year  South  Ferry  was  established  and  the  town  began  to  spread  beyond  the  line 
of  Atlantic  street.  In  the  autumn  of  1833  land  speculation  was  rife  to  an  extent  that  would  nowadays  sug- 
gest what  IS  commonly  termed  a  boom  in  real  estate.  Building  lots  were  bought  and  sold  at  prices  which 
appeared  extravagant,  and  while  the  town  was  growing  in  all  directions  the  increase  was  chiefly  observable 
within  the  present  lines  of  the  third  ward.  The  Parmentier  property  at  the  junction  of  the  Jamaica  and 
Hatbush  roads,  now  the  corner  of  Fulton  street  and  Flatbush  avenues,  was  purchased  for  $57,000  and  sold 


agam  at  an  advance  of  a  httle  less  than  20  per  cent.;  ten  acres  at  Red  Hook  were  sold  at  the  rate  of  $4  700 
per  acre;  and  Charles  Hoyt  secured  a  still  better  bargain  at  Cowanus  when  he  paid  $25,000  for  twenty'-six 
acres  belonging  to  R  V.  Beekman.  This  year  was  also  memorable  because  of  the  establishment  of  one  of 
.he  finest  streets  in  thec.ty,  Chnton  avenue,  which  was  cut  through  the  heart  of  the  farm  purchased  from 
John  Spader  by  New  York  real  estate  agents.  During  the  period  between  1830  and  .8,5  the  part  of  the 
town  lying  around  the  Wallabout  made  considerable  headway;  streets  were  laid  out  in 'this  section  and  in 
tS3S  the  grading  and  pavmg  of  Myrtle  avenue,  from  the  city  hall  to  Nostrand  avenue,  opened  a  new  chan- 
ne-  o.  communication  beween  the  Wallabout  and  the  older  portions  of  Brooklyn. 


REAL    ESTATE    AND    SUBURBAN    DEVELOPMENT.  1105 

By  the  charter  of  incorporation,  obtained  in  1834,  Brooklyn  territory  was  divided  into  nine  wards.  A 
year  later  real  estate  speculation  was  again  rampant  and  more  farms  were  cut  into  lots  and  disposed  of  on 
advantageous  terms.  Six  years  of  steady  progress  followed  and  in  1S40  the  city  of  Brooklyn  covered  an 
area  of  twelve  square  miles,  with  thirty-five  miles  of  streets,  and  a  population  of  30,000  souls.  Mean- 
while the  city  had  been  gradually  e.xtending  in  the  direction  of  Williamsburgh  and  the  plan  of  uniting  the 
two  communities  under  one  government  commended  itself.  Williamsburgh,  which  was  destined  to  become 
so  important  a  section  of  the  greater  Brooklyn,  was  the  outcome  of  a  private  land  speculation  by  an 
ambitious  individual,  and  early  in  its  settlement  had  absorbed  a  neighboring  rival  with  a  high  sounding 
name,  lofty  pretensions,  and  little  actual  foundation.  With  the  opening  of  new  roads  between  the  water- 
front and  the  farming  settlements  of  Bushwick,  the  village  of  Williamsburgh,  which  then  lay  along  the  bank 
of  the  East  river,  between  what  are  now  Grand  street  and  Broadway,  attained  some  petty  importance;  in 
the  course  of  years  an  odd  manufactory  or  two  was  established  within  its  limits,  and  in  1814  it  boasted  a 
population  of  759.  The  act  incorporating  Williamsburgh  as  a  village,  in  the  spring  of  1827,  stated  the 
boundaries  of  the  place  as  follows:  "Beginning  at  the  bay,  or  river,  opposite  to  the  town  of  Brooklyn,  and 
running  thence  easterly  along  the  division  line  between  the  towns  of  Bushwick  and  Brooklyn,  to  the  lands 
of  Abraham  A.  Remsen;  thence  northerly  by  the  same  to  a  road  or  highway,  at  a  place  called  S weed's 
Fly,  thence  by  the  said  highway  to  the  dwelling  house,  late  of  John  Vandervoort,  deceased;  thence  in  a 
straight  line  northerly  to  a  small  ditch,  or  creek,  against  the  meadow  of  John  Skillman;  thence  by  said 
creek  to  Norman's  Kill;  thence  by  the  middle  or  centre  of  Norman's  Kill  to  the  East  river;  thence  by 
the  same  to  place  of  beginning." 

In  1835  the  village  limits  were  extended  and  the  new  boundaries  of  Williamsburgh  made  to  embrace 
the  present  sixteenth,  eighteenth,  and  twenty-seventh  wards.  With  the  increase  of  ferry  facilities  the 
advantages  of  Williamsburgh  as  a  place  of  residence  became  every  day  more  apparent  and  the  value  of 
real  estate  proportionately  increased.  Land  speculation  became  brisk.  In  1828  the  Berry,  DeVoe,  and 
Van  Cott  farms,  all  of  moderate  area,  were  bought  and  laid  out  in  building  lots;  in  1834  the  present  thir- 
teenth and  fourteenth  wards  of  the  city  were  divided  into  lots  and  a  map  of  the  entire  village  was  made, 
showing  the  location  of  every  building  site  within  its  limits.  Rival  speculators  gave  an  unhealthy  impetus 
to  land  values.  The  art  of  attractive  advertising  was  understood  by  some  well  enough  to  satisfy  their  own 
interests  and  lots  were  purchased  by  the  unwary  at  prices  greatly  in  excess  of  their  actual  worth;  in  1836 
real  estate  in  Williamsburgh,  strange  as  it  may  seem,  commanded  higher  prices  than  it  did  nearly  fifty  years 
later.  The  natural  result  was  that  in  the  general  panic  and  commercial  depression  of  1837  Williamsburgh 
paid  dearly  for  her  fictitious  prosperity.  Some  years  passed  before  a  normal  state  of  affairs  became  pos- 
sible, but  like  all  communities  that  have  in  them  the  true  elements  of  coming  greatness,  Williamsburgh 
gradually  recuperated  and  land  values  were  scaled  upon  a  more  reasonable  and  equable  basis.  Progressive 
tendencies  soon  outgrew  the  limitations  of  a  village  charter  and  with  its  incorporation  as  a  city  in  1S51 
Williamsburgh  considered  itself  a  promising  rival  of  Brooklyn. 

The  town  of  Bushwick,  which  became  a  portion  of  Brooklyn  contemporaneously  with  Williamsburgh, 
was  first  laid  out  as  a  village  on  February  19,  1660,  by  Surveyor  Jaques  Cortelyou,  acting  under  the  personal 
direction  of  New  Amsterdam's  highest  dignitaries.  The  site  determined  on  lay  between  Maspeth  Kil  and 
Norman's  Kil,  now  known  respectively  as  Newtown  Creek  and  Bushwick  Creek,  and  the  survey  divided  the 
plot  of  ground  into  twenty-two  house  lots;  a  year  later,  a  few  houses  having  been  erected,  the  people  of 
the  village  asked  the  director-general  of  the  colony  to  give  the  settlement  a  name.  He  complied  and  the 
place  became  Boswijck  or  Boswyck,  which  is  interpreted  "  the  town  of  the  woods."  The  anglicizing  of 
the  name  into  Bushwick  was  only  a  matter  of  time.  The  village  soon  became  prosperous  and  in  1663 
one  of  the  inhabitants  was  compelled  to  part  with  some  of  his  land  in  order  to  furnish  building  lots  for 
newcomers;  he  received  twenty-five  guilders  per  lot.  In  1706  the  total  area  of  the  improved  lands  assessed 
in  Bushwick  was  officially  announced  at  2,443  acres.  Until  after  the  revolutionary  war  little  is  recorded 
of  the  territorial  growth  of  Bushwick,  but  that  some  increase  took  place  is  evident  from  the  importance 
it  attained  among  the  neighboring  settlements  on  Long  Island  during  that  period  of  disturbance.  When  the 
American  colonies  had  secured  their  independence  Bushwick  comprised  three  villages,  obedient  to  one  civil 
jurisdiction  and  divided  only  by  local  topographical  lines.  These  individual  settlements  were  the  original 
village  at  the  present  junction  of  North  Second  street  and  Bushwick  avenue;  and  two  others,  one  at  the 
intersection  of  Bushwick  and  F'lushing  avenues,  and  the  third  near  the  river  front. 

Although  included  within  the  limits  of  the  old  township  of  Bushwick,  Greenpoint,  or  Cherry  Point,  as  it 
was  formerly  called,  was  isolated  to  an  extent  that  made  it  practically  an  independent  community;  its 
population  in  pre-revolutionary  days  was  extremely  scanty.  The  only  road  which  gave  it  any  connection 
with  Bushwick  proper  ran  diagonally  in  a  northeasterly  direction  towards  old  Bushwick  Church  and  thence 
to  Fulton  ferry,  and  it  was  not  until  1796  that  a  road  was  opened  towards  Astoria.  There  was  no  real 
progress  in  Greenpoint  until  after  1832.     In   that  year   Neziah  Bliss  and  Dr.  Eliphalett  Nott  bought  thirty 


„o6  THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 

acres  of  land  from  some  of  the  Meseroles;  the  next  year  Mr.  Bliss  purchased  what  was  known  as  the  Grififin 
farm;  and  in  1834  he  had  all  his  property  laid  out  into  streets  and  building  lots.  He  constructed  a  foot- 
bridge across  Bushwick  Creek  hi  1838;  at  the  same  time  a  second  survey  of  Greenpoint  was  made; 
in  1839  the  Ravenswood,  (;reenpoint,  and  Halletfs  Cove  turnpike  was  opened.  This  road,  which  exercised 
a  most  material  effect  on  the  growth  of  (Ireenpoint,  was  eventually  a  link  of  connection  between  that  place 
and  WiUiamsburgh.  From  the  time  the  turnpike  was  opened  building  operations  in  Greenpoint  were  pro- 
jected and  pushe'd  forward  with  considerable  vigor  and  a  marked  increase  in  local  trade  made  a  gradual 
extension  of  territory  possible.  Shipbuilding  and  a  few  manufacturing  industries  soon  gave  the  place  some 
importance,  although  its  local  interests  seemed  for  a  time  to  associate  it  more  closely  with  the  neighboring 
settlements  in  Queens  County  than  with  those  in  Kings  County. 

With  the  consolidation  of  Brooklyn,  WiUiamsburgh,  and  Bushwick  (including  Greenpoint),  the  new  city 
possessed  eighteen  wards  and  $88,923,085,  of  taxable  property;  of  this  sum  $79,014,645  represented  real 
estate.  From  Mayor  Hall's  annual  message  to  the  common  council  it  appears  that  during  the  first  year  of 
the  consolidated  municipality's  existence,  fourteen  miles  of  new  streets  had  been  opened  and  nine  miles 
graded  and  paved;  one  thousand  five  hundred  and  forty-two  new  buildings  had  been  under  process  of  con- 
struction. The  city  was  reaching  out  in  every  direction  and  the  impetus  became  perhaps  more  apparent 
in  South  Brooklyn  than  elsewhere;  here  it  had  been  largely  fostered  by  the  establishment  of  the  Atlantic 
docks  and  the  enterprise  of  their  builder,  Samuel  Richards,  who  caused  many  new  streets  to  be  opened  in 
their  immediate  neighborhood.  The  rolling  sand-hills  and  marshy  lands  that  abounded  on  the  far  side  of 
the  .-Vtlantic  avenue  and  stretched  away  with  inhospitable  aspect  towards  Bay  Ridge,  were  levelled  or  filled 
up  and  rendered  suitable  for  building  purposes,  being  divided  into  blocks  by  well  graded  streets.  Car  lines 
on  Myrtle,  Flushing,  and  Fulton  avenues  and  on  the  Greenwood  route,  connected  all  portions  of  the  city 
v/ith  the  East  river  ferries,  and  this  facilitated  its  growth.  Shortly  after  the  consolidation  of  the  two  cities 
and  Bushwick,  it  was  ascertained  that  the  city  of  Brooklyn's  superficial  area  was  sixteen  thousand  acres, 
or  twenty-five  square  miles;  its  inland  boundaries  measured  thirteen  and  a  half  miles  and  it  had  eight 
and  a  half  miles  of  water-front. 

During  the  civil  war  private  enterprise  accomplished  comparatively  little  in  Brooklyn.  Land  specula- 
tion fell  flat.  The  attention  of  the  country  had  but  one  centre  of  attraction  for  individuals  and  communi- 
ties and  every  energy  was  bent  to  the  task  of  averting  national  dissolution.  After  peace  had  been 
reestablished,  Brooklyn,  in  common  with  New  York,  responded  to  the  influence  which  the  renewed  inter- 
course with  the  south  exerted  upon  her  material  prosperity.  With  the  coming  of  1869  there  was  a  marked 
increase  in  the  city's  growth.  Building  operations  had  been  fairly  brisk  and  thousands  of  new  dwellings 
and  other  structures  had  been  erected,  particularly  in  the  seventh,  ninth,  tenth,  seventeenth,  eighteenth, 
twenty-first,  and  twenty-second  wards.  State,  Pacific,  and  Dean  streets.  Fourth,  Fulton,  Myrtle,  and  Atlan- 
tic avenues  were  the  streets  that  derived  the  chief  advantage  from  the  building  movement,  which  was  now 
perceptibly  drawing  the  city  in  the  direction  of  East  New  York.  In  1868  twenty-three  miles  of  new  streets 
were  laid  out  and  real  estate  prices  continued  to  rise  commensurately  with  the  spread  of  public  improve- 
ments. 

As  time  passed  and  the  East  river  bridge  and  other  local  improvements  of  lesser  magnitude  made 
communication  with  New  York  still  easier,  the  number  of  buildings  in  Brooklyn  increased  for  some 
years  at  an  average  rate  of  two  thousand  per  annum;  but  they  served  only  to  fill  up  the  ground  within 
the  then  limits  of  the  city,  and  no  real  accession  of  territory  was  received  until  18S6,  when  the  town  of 
New  Lots  was  annexed.  Real  estate  became  more  and  more  valuable  in  the  upper  wards  and  great  build- 
ing activity  was  manifested  on  all  sides.  As  an  estimate  of  the  value  of  land  on  the  Park  Slope  it  may  be 
stated  that  in  November,  1881,  two  hundred  and  ninety-four  building  lots,  part  of  the  East  Side  park  lands, 
were  sold  at  an  average  price  of  $2,000  per  lot,  and  at  that  time  the  importance  of  the  surrounding  district 
was  prospective  rather  than  actual.  On  October  5,  of  the  same  year,  the  value  of  the  real  and  personal 
property  in  Brooklyn  was  $283,738,317.  The  construction  of  elevated  railways  and  the  opening  of  the 
bridge  were  prominent  factors  in  accelerating  the  internal  growth  of  the  city  and  hastened  the  annexation  of 
the  village  of  East  New  Yark  and  the  other  settlements  included  within  the  limits  of  the  town  of  New  Lots. 
This  territory,  which  became  the  twenty-sixth  ward  of  Brooklyn,  was  organized  as  the  town  of  New  Lots  on 
February  12,  1852.  It  contained  about  six  square  miles  and  prior  to  establishing  its  local  independence  had 
been  a  portion  of  the  town  of  Flatbush.  Besides  the  village  of  New  Lots,  situated  on  either  side  of  the  old 
New  Lots  road,  the  town  included  the  villages  of  East  New  York,  Brownsville,  and  Cypress  Hills.  The  first 
of  these  at  the  time  of  annexation  was  the  most  important  in  area  as  well  as  population.  It  had  no  exist- 
ence prior  to  1835  when  John  R.  Pitkin,  a  Connecticut  merchant,  purchased  there  a  large  tract  of  land 
including  the  Linington,  Wyckoff,  Van  Siclen,  and  Stoothoff  farms.  This  property  had  a  total  length  of  two 
miles  and  a  width  of  nearly  a  mile,  and  was  probably  the  largest  purchase  of  real  estate  ever  made  within 
the  present  limits  of  Brooklyn,  since  the  beginning  of  the  nineteenth  century.     He  cut  this  tract  into  build- 


REAL    ESTATE   AND    SUBURBAN    DEVELOPMENT.  1107 

ing  sites  and  intersected  it  with  streets.  Some  of  the  lots  were  sold  for  $25,  others  for  less.  The 
financial  disaster  of  1837  wrecked  Mr.  Pitkin's  schemes  and  most  of  the  land  reverted  to  its  original 
owners,  except  that  portion  lying  between  Wyckoff  and  Alabama  avenues,  to  which  the  city  builder 
had  given  the  name  of  East  New  York.  The  village  thus  established  remained  in  an  almost  quiescent 
state  until  the  summer  of  1853,  when  the  late  Horace  A.  Miller  and  James  Butler  added  to  it  some  fifty 
acres  of  land  which  they  purchased  on  the  east  side  of  Wyckoff  avenue  and  on  which  they  built  a  number 
of  comfortable  frame  dwellings.  This  move  was  the  genesis  of  East  New  York's  prosperity,  which  has 
always  been  gradual  and  normal.  In  the  census  of  1880,  the  last  taken  before  the  annexation  of  New  Lots 
to  Brooklyn,  the  population  of  East  New  York  was  placed  at  eight  thousand. 

Brownsville,  which  now  forms  the  extreme  westerly  portion  of  the  twenty-sixth  ward,  was  named  after 
its  founder,  Charles  S.  Brown,  who  about  1863  purchased  a  tract  of  land  in  that  neighborhood,  which 
he  partitioned  into  city  lots  and  sold  at  reasonable  prices.  The  village  had  streets  with  an  average  width 
of  fifty  feet  and  at  the  time  of  annexation  was  about  one-fifth  as  large  as  East  New  York. 

The  village  of  Cypress  Hills,  lying  in  the  northeasterly  portion  of  the  twenty-sixth  ward,  close  to  the 
border  line  of  Queens  County,  has  radiated  since  1833  from  one  or  two  buildings  which  then  constituted 
places  of  public  entertainment.  The  village  grew  to  fair  proportions  without  any  particular  effort  on  the 
part  of  its  inhabitants,  and  land  speculation  within  its  limits  has  never  reached  the  same  importance  that  it 
attained  in  other  sections  of  the  ward.  When  New  Lots  was  finally  annexed  to  Brooklyn  its  land  values 
increased  to  a  considerable  extent,  and,  with  the  recent  introduction  of  better  sewerage  and  improved 
paving  and  lighting  methods,  the  twenty-sixth  ward  has  become  one  of  the  most  promising  fields  of 
operation  ever  afforded  to  the  land  speculator  within  the  boundaries  of  a  city. 

In  more  recent  years  a  marked  change  has  taken  place  in  the  architectural  characteristics  of 
the  city,  which,  while  confining  itself  by  certain  local  boundaries,  has  been  general  enough  to  war- 
rant something  more  than  a  cursory  notice.  This  change  has  been  the  outcome  of  real  estate  investments 
made  by  men  who  have  understood  how  to  enhance  the  value  of  their  acquisitions.  Time  was  when  the 
builder  reared  whole  blocks  of  brick  and  brownstone  dwellings,  each  house  like  its  neighbor  in  every 
exterior  detail  and  all  presenting  that  tiresome  and  monotonous  appearance  which  outrages  every  esthetic 
sense.  There  is  still  a  remnant  of  that  tendency  left,  but  its  operation  is  fortunately  confined  to  local- 
ities where  it  can  do  less  harm  than  heretofore.  Architecture  is  becoming  more  varied.  Brick  and  brown- 
stone  are  no  longer  recognized  as  the  only  suitable  building  materials.  Whole  streets  now  expose  row 
after  row  of  facades  wherein  red  sandstone,  limestone,  rough  hewn  stone,  and  ordinary  brownstone  are 
mingled  with  artistic  effect  and  relieved  of  any  cumbersome  aspect  by  the  ample  use  of  terra  cotta  and 
other  mediums  of  ornamentation.  This  has  been  the  case  on  Hancock  and  Macon  streets  in  the  twenty- 
third  and  twenty-fifth  wards,  on  Bergen,  Butler,  and  Herkimer  streets  and  on  Prospect  place,  above  Nos- 
trand  avenue,  and  also  in  certain  localities  on  the  Prospect  Park  slope.  These  streets,  shaded  with  trees, 
and  adorned  with  buildings  of  the  finest  architectural  types,  compare  favorably  with  any  of  the  more  famous 
residential  avenues  in  the  great  cities  of  the  Union. 

The  first  step  towards  the  establishment  of  the  Brooklyn  Real  Estate  Exchange  was  taken  in  18S8, 
when  a  few  representatives  of  the  real  estate  interest  held  an  informal  meeting  and  discussed  the  plans  for 
such  an  exchange.  Those  who  took  the  matter  in  hand  were  thoroughly  in  earnest,  and  brought  to  their 
task  so  much  tact  and  energy  that  the  organization  was  soon  completed,  and  on  March  11,  1889,  the  secre- 
tary of  state  issued  a  certificate  of  incorporation.  It  was  decided  that  a  large  office  building  should  be 
erected.  Finally  the  committee  purchased  the  site  at  189  and  191  Montague  street.  This  property  extends 
through  to  Pierrepont  street,  with  a  total  depth  of  200  feet  and  a  frontage  of  50  feet  on  each  street.  On 
May  I,  1890,  the  work  of  removing  the  buildings  then  occupying  the  site  was  begun.  The  Brooklyn  Real 
Estate  Exchange  is  without  doubt  one  of  the  handsomest  public  structures  in  the  city.  It  is  nine  stories 
and  basement  in  height  and  covers  an  area  of  10,000  square  feet.  The  first  two  stories  on  the  Montague 
street  front  are  of  granite,  the  remainder  of  those  above  being  of  Philadelphia  brick  with  red  stone  trimmings; 
the  whole  of  the  Pierrepont  street  side  is  constructed  of  the  same  materials.  The  principal  entrance  is  from 
Montague  street  into  a  corridor  130  feet  long,  having  two  elevators  mid-way.  At  the  end  of  the  corridor 
and  fronting  on  Pierrepont  street  is  the  salesroom  of  the  exchange,  to  which  there  is  also  an  entrance  from 
Pierrepont  street.  The  Montague  street  front  of  the  building  is  devoted  to  offices  suitable  for  banking  and 
similar  purposes.  There  is  steam  heat  throughout  the  entire  building;  artificial  light  is  furnished  by  both 
electricity  and  gas;  all  the  windows  are  of  polished  plate  glass,  the  trimming  being  of  white  oak;  the  stair- 
cases, elevators  and  doors  to  the  shafts  are  of  iron;  and  the  hallways,  which  are  long  and  wide,  are  wain- 
scoted with  Italian  marble  and  paved  with  variegated  tiles  of  the  same  material. 

Jere.  Johnson,  Jr.,  president  of  the  Brooklyn  Real  Estate  Exchange,  traces  his  direct  descent  from 
Sarah  de  Rapelje,  who  was  the  first  female  white  child  born  in  New  Netherland.  Mr.  Johnson's  great- 
grandfather  was  an  officer   in   the  Kings  County  militia,  and    fought  in    the   revolution.     Major-General 


£  loS 


THE    EAGLE   AND   BROOKLYN. 


Jeremiah  Johnson,  his  son,  was  thrice  mayor  of  Brooklyn  and  was  elected  four  times  to  the  state  legislature; 
he  commanded  the  troops  stationed  at  Fort  (Irecne  during  the  latter  part  of  the  war  of  1812.  Barnet  John- 
son, his  son,  and  the  father  of  Jere.  Johnson,  Jr.,  is  remembered  as  one  of  Brooklyn's  best  and  most  energetic 
citizens.  Jeremiah  Johnson,  Jr.,  better  known  as  "  Jere.,"  by  which  abbreviation  he  always  signs  and  is 
addressed,  was  born  on  June  27,  1827,  in  the  old  Johnson  homestead,  situated  near  where  the  Naval  Hospi- 
tal stands.  His  first  sch(joling  was  obtained  at  the  red  school  house,  which  stood  on  the  old  Newtown  road. 
Later,  he  attended  public  school  No.  4,  on  Classon  avenue,  and  ne.xt  went  to  the  school  situated  at  Henry 
street  and  Love  lane,  known  as  I^utnam's  Academy,  where  he  concluded  his  studies.  At  the  age  of  nineteen 
years  he  became  a  clerk  for  Henry  N.  Conklin,  the  lumber  merchant  in  Brooklyn,  and  subsequently  started 
in  the  same  business  for  himself  at  the  \Vallabout.  In  1866  he  became  real  estate  broker  and  auctioneei". 
He  saw  at  once  that  a  fortune  could  be  made  m  the  selling  of  suburban  property  and  he  made  a  specialty  of 
it,  acquired  a  fortune,  and  now  conducts  one  of  the  most  comprehensive  real  estate  businesses  in  the  state. 
A  few  years  ago  Mr.  Johnson  commenced  to  sell  home  sites  on  the  monthly  payment  plan,  hi  the  last  five 
years  he  has  sold  over  20,000  lots  on  that  basis.  He  is  a  firm  believer  in  advertising,  and  spends  $75,000 
annually  in  the  Brooklyn  and  New  York  papers.  During  the  last  quarter  of  a  century  he  has  disposed  of 
at  least  100,000  suburban  lots,  representing  about  $20,000,000,  exclusive  of  millions  of  dollars  worth  of  city 
real  estate;  and  his  auction  sales  have  extended  from  Maine  to  California.  Mr.  Johnson  has  a  suite  of  offices 
in  the  Real  Estate  Exchange  building  on  Montague  street,  and  also  at  60  Liberty  street,  New  York, 
opposite  the  Real  Estate  Exchange. 

Leon.ard  Moodv,  one  of  the  representative  real 
estate  dealers  in  the  city,  was  born  in  East  Pittston, 
Me.,  in  1839;  he  received  a  village  school  education. 
At  an  early  age,  he  left  the  old  homestead,  and  went 
to  Virginia.  After  remaining  there  three  years,  he 
returned  to  Maine  at  the  beginning  of  the  war;  he  at 
once  became  an  active  agent  in  recruiting  and  or- 
ganizing in  his  native  town  the  23d  Regiment,  Maine 
Volunteers;  he  went  to  the  front  and  remained  there 
until  he  became  seriously  ill  and  incapacitated  for 
active  duty,  whereupon  he  was  honorably  discharged 
from  the  service.  After  regaining  his  health  he  came 
to  New  York  and  married  in  1864.  Li  1865  he 
moved  to  Brooklyn  and  engaged  in  the  real  estate 
business,  and  by  virtue  of  his  energy,  judgment  and 
perseverance  is  to-day  considered  one  of  the  leading 
men  in  it.  He  negotiated  and  sold  the  site  of  the 
Federal  ISuilding  to  the  United  States  government. 
He  was  the  principal  factor  in  the  reorganization  and 
building  of  the  Brooklyn  Real  Estate  Exchange,  and 
became  its  first  vice-president.  He  was  an  organizer 
of  the  Montauk  Club,  and  is  still  one  of  its  directors. 
He  was  the  originator  of  the  Kings  County  Bank,  and 
is  one  of  its  directors.  He  is  a  director  in  the  Ham- 
ilton 'i'rust  Com|xiny,  the  Cooperative  building  bank 
and  a  trustee   in   the  City  Savings   Bank.      He  is  one 

of  the  incorporators  and  a  trustee  in  the  Museum  of        -^ y        ^^  y 

Arts  and   Sciences.     He  is  a  32",  and  a   Royal   Arch        '^''^^'^'^'^'-^  ^^^C-''^yl'c,^y:/>^^^^ 
Mason,  a  member  of  Kismet   Temple,  a   comrade   of  f^;^;^^~~ 

U.  S.  Grant  Post,  G.  A.  R.,  a  member  of  the  Brooklyn  Riding  and  Driving  Club,  the  Union  League  Club 
the  Crescent  Athletic  Club,  and  the  Amaranth  Dramatic  Society.  He  owns  the  largest  and  best  Equipped 
house  and  farm  in  his  section  of  the  country  in  Afaine. 

Paul  C.  Gkenin.;  has  been  identified  with  the  realty  interests  of  Brooklyn  for  nearly  a  quarter  of  a 
century  and  has  contributed  very  largely  to  the  development  of  the  newer  portions  of  the  city  he  was  the 
pioneer  m  the  seventeenth,  twenty-third  and  twenty-fifth  wards  and  constructed  the  first  buildincr  on  what 
was  known  as  Capitolme  hill.  Mr.  Grening  has  erected  as  many  as  two  hundred  buildings  in  Brooklyn  and 
his  activity  ,n  this  direction  ,s  unabated,  although  he  is  engaged  in  large  and  important  transactions  out- 
side o  the  city.  He  IS  the  owner  of  the  famous  Watkins  (Men,  near  the  head  of  Seneca  Lake,  in  the  town 
of  A\  atkins,  Schuyler  County,  N.  Y.,  and  he  has  made  a  number  of  successful  ventures  in  the  hotel  business 
He  was  born  m  Stettin,  Prussia,  on  December  ,9,   ,85,,  and  studied  for  a  year  at  one  of  the  public  schools 


mo  THE    EAGLE    AND   BROOKLYN. 

• 

in  his  native  country.  His  parents  came  to  America  in  1865  and  settled  in  Brooklyn,  and  their  son  began 
to  work  as  a  cash  boy  in  the  establishment  of  Journeay  &  Burnham.  He  studied  dentistry  for  a 
time,  but  soon  satisfied  himself  that  he  would  not  be  contented  in  that  profession.  He  next  obtained 
a  position  in  the  offices  of  Funch,  Edye  &  Co.,  of  the  Hamburg-American  Packet  Company,  with  whom  he 
remained  for  a  year.  From  the  transportation  business  Mr.  Cirening  turned  his  attention  to  real  estate  and 
was  engaged  in  1S68  by  Jesse  S.  Carman  of  Montague  street.  During  the  four  years  that  he  passed  in  Mr. 
Carman's  service  he  acquired  a  valuable  knowledge  of  Brooklyn  property.  In  1874  he  established  an  office 
of  his  own  on  Gates  avenue  and  in  two  years  he  was  able  to  build,  opposite  to  the  little  structure  in  which 
he  was  located,  the  handsome  building  now  occupied  by  the  Bedford  Branch  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian 
Association.     His  first  venture  in  the  hotel  business  was  the  purchase  in  1887,  of  the  Kensington  Hotel  at 


^O-'yyvyi^L^  ^ 


ch~  r    '"f  •  T      ?'  ^^''  ^^"^  """^  ""'  ""'  °"^^  ^^San  to  add  to  the  attractiveness  of  that 

clarmmg  resort.     The  kensmgton  Hotel,  at  the  corner  of  Fifth  avenue  and  Fifteenth  street,  New  York 

H^r^^t  '"      r  T  ""''"  °'  '"  -^'-Pr-es-     Mr.  Grening  has  not  aimed  at  any  prominence  in 
ohtic  ,  but  he  has  rendered  service  to  the  city  as  a  member  of  the  board  of  aldermen;  he  was  elected  as  a 

be?:    r ';  T      ':V"'"-     "^  ^  ^'^  ^^^^^^^^  °^  ^^^  ^^^^^°^-  ^--^S  Association  and  is  a  mem! 
Ar  c^i  C  ub  of  M      rt      V  ^^"'^'=^''°"'  ^'-  Old  Guard  of  New  York,  the  Brooklyn  Club,  and  the 

Anon  Club  of  New  York.     For  many  years  he  was  an  usher  at  the  Plymouth  Church.     He   is  married  and 
has  two  sons  and  one  daughter.  »  uumieu   anu 

E  J.  Granger  who  is  prominently  identified  with  the  realty  interests  of  Brooklyn  and  is  also  a  suc- 
S:  r  Hi's'rL  '"^'7"  ;"  ":  "^^'"^'^  ^^'^^  ^^^'"^^  ^^^^^^^  circumstance',  which  b:gan  n  h  s 
'?e  or     i^  \':  '  t'^  .''  '""  "'"^'''''  '"^^'""^"^  throughout  his  life.     He  has  served  as 

H  s  rX     te  oLr\tio  ';      m     ^''''  ^•^'^'"^^"  ^"^'  ""^  °"^  ^^  '''  ^"^^^-^  -d  earliest  directors, 

tmct^o    ltd  in  New  T      '"       "m     '"  '"  ^'"^  ''^""""  ""^  '^^  '^  "^'^'•^^^^d  '"  ^^e  development  of  large 
tracts  of  land  m  New  Jersey.     He  ,s  a  member  of  the  Union   League   Club.     The  family  from  which  Mr 


II 12  THE    EAGLE   AND    ISROOKLYiN. 

Granger  comes  settled  in  New  England  in  1731  and  was  made  conspicuous  by  tiie  character  and  public 
services  of  some  of  its  members.  He  was  born  in  Ontario  County,  N.  Y.,  in  January,  1833,  and  when  he 
was  fourteen  years  old  the  family  removed  to  Wayland,  Steuben  County.  He  studied  first  at  the  district 
school,  and  afterwards  at  Genesee  College  at  Lime,  Ontario  County.  In  a  short  time  after  his  collegiate 
career  ended  he  began  to  study  law  with  Sedgwick,  Andrews  &  Kenned}',  of  Syracuse.  He  remained  there 
eighteen  months  and  then  went  to  Albany,  where  he  continued  his  study  of  law  in  the  office  of  Hill,  Gager 
&  Co.,  and  at  the  same  time  took  a  two  years'  course  in  the  law  and  medical  universities  at  the  state  capital. 
During  all  of  his  student  life  he  supported  himself  by  his  own  exertions  and  in  1857  he  was  graduated  with 
honor  in  both  law  and  medicine.  He  was  well  equipped  intellectually  for  a  professional  life,  but  impaired 
health  made  rest  an  absolute  necessity  for  a  time.  In  1S59  he  went  west  and  for  eighteen  months  lived  in 
the  bracing  air  of  the  Rocky  mountains,  during  which  time  he  rode  more  than  twenty  thousand  miles  on 
horseback.  He  not  only  acquired  renewed  health,  but  obtained  a  great  deal  of  interesting  and  useful 
knowledge,  making  himself  acquainted  with  every  point  of  interest  in  the  Rocky  mountains  and  becoming 
skilful  as  a  mining  prospector.  In  i860  Mr.  Granger  returned  to  New  York  and  began  to  practise  law, 
building  up  an  excellent  business;  he  married  in  the  same  year.  For  many  years  he  has  devoted  most  of 
his  attention  to  the  real  estate  market,  where  his  operations  have  been  attended  almost  invariably 
with  success.  From  1S68  until  1873  he  derived  a  considerable  income  from  large  tracts  of  property 
which  he  controlled  on  his  own  account. 

Fr.vnk  a.  B.\rnadv  has  been  an  influential  factor  in  nearly  all  of  the  real  estate  operations  which, 
within  recent  years,  have  turned  Montague  street  into  a  financial  centre.  He  was  among  the  first  to 
grasp  the  full  significance  of  a  marvellous  change.  The  extent  to  which  he  has  been  identified  with  it  will 
be  understood  when  it  is  stated  that  since  1888  his  name  has  been  associated  with  every  important  transfer 
of  Heights  property,  in  one  instance  involving  the  exceptional  amount  of  $1,300,000.  His  faculty  of 
realizing  possibilities  which  have  not  become  generally  apparent,  is  supplemented  by  a  remarkable  capacity 
for  rapid  and  effective  movement  and  for  thorough  organization.  The  clearness  with  which  he  sees  what 
can  be  done,  the  decision,  vigor  and  resource  he  displays  in  doing  it,  and  the  facility  with  which  he  over- 
comes obstacles,  have  carried  him  to  the  front  when  big  problems  were  to  be  solved  and  large  designs 
carried  to  quick  execution.  Twelve  years  ago  he  entered  the  employ  of  Charles  A.  Seymour  &  Co.  In 
five  years  he  had  become  a  member  of  the  firm  and  in  nine  years  he  had  purchased  its  business.  The 
arbiter  of  his  own  fortunes,  he  now  finds  himself  at  the  age  of  thirty  a  director  in  such  organizations  as  the 
Ohio  Southern  Railway  Company,  the  Montague  Street  Railway  Company,  and  the  Knickerbocker  Steam- 
boat Companj',  as  well  as  a  large  stockholder  in  the  Hamilton  Trust  Company  and  the  Brooklyn  City  Rail- 
road Company.  With  President  Lewis,  of  the  latter  organization,  he  is  on  terms  of  intimate  friendship  and 
they  have  many  momentous  interests  in  common.  One  of  Mr.  Barnaby's  most  recent  and  notable  achieve- 
ments was  to  brmg  into  the  market  that  part  of  the  East  Side  lands  not  to  be  used  for  park  purposes,  by 
unravelling  the  complications  which  enveloped  them  in  the  fog  of  a  cloudy  title.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Brooklyn,  Hamilton  and  Carleton  clubs,  of  this  city,  and  of  the  Turillo  Club,  of  the  Province  of  Quebec. 
He  lives  at  the  Hotel  St.  George,  in  the  construction  of  which  he  took  a  prominent  part.  He  has  a  fine 
stock  farm  near  Rutland,  Vt.,  where  most  of  the  scanty  leisure  he  allows  himself  is  spent. 

In  the  development  of  localities  by  the  erection  of  new  and  architecturally  beautiful  buildings,  on  sites 
which  formerly  were  waste  tracts  or  occupied  by  unsightly  structures,  much  is  due  to  the  work  of  James  D. 
Lynch,  to  whose  efforts  the  city  owes  several  beautiful  sections.  Mr.  Lynch  is  entirely  original  in  his 
methods  and  his  results  are  unique.  He  purchased  and  improved  a  part  of  the  Lefferts  "  north  farm," 
which  comprised  about  four  hundred  city  lots  situated  on  Bedford,  Nostrand,  Halsey,  Hancock  and  Jeffer- 
son streets.  Also  he  purchased  and  built  up  the  Nicholas  Wyckoff  farm  of  about  five  hundred  and  fifty 
lots  on  Wyckoff  street,  Nicholas,  Greene  and  DeKalb  avenues,  and  Grove,  Ralph,  Bleecker,  Harmon,  Him- 
rod.  Stanhope,  Stockholm,  Elm  and  Suydam  streets.  Another  section  which  Mr.  Lynch  developed' is  the 
Ahiyor-Kingland  farm,  of  about  five  hundred  and  fifty  lots,  now  known  as  the  Winthrop  Park  neighborhood, 
on  Yan  Pelt,  Yan  Cott,  Nassau,  Norman  and  Meeker  avenues.  Monitor,  North  Henry,  Russell  "knd  Hum- 
boldt streets.  Also  the  Poll-Tyson  farm,  which  was  known  as  "  Darby's  Patch,"  comprising  one  hundred 
and  fifty  lots,  was  obtained  and  transformed  into  the  pleasing  residential  section  on  Douolass  De-raw 
and  backett  streets,  between  Fourth  and  Fifth  avenues.  Before  selling  any  portion  of  his  newly'acquired 
ands  Mr.  Lynch  had  the  streets  and  avenues  regulated  and  graded;  the  curbs,  sewers,  gas  and  water  pipes 
laid;  rows  of  shade  trees  planted  and  the  blocks  neatly  fenced.  All  this  work  was  done  with  the  consent 
ot  the  city  and  under  the  cty  engineer's  supervision,  but  at  the  personal  expense  of  Mr  Lynch  so  that  no 
assessments  were  laid  on  the  property  and  years  of  delay  and  expense  were  saved.  Desirable  residents 
were  attracted  by  encouragnig  good  builders  to  erect  attractive  houses  for  sale  on  easy  terms  and  so  create 
a  standard  for  future  improvements.  It  takes  about  six  years  to  develop  and  dispose  of  such  lar-e  proper- 
ties in  the  manner  adopted  by  Mr.  Lynch.     Sometimes  the  work  is  stupendous;  from  "  Darby's  Pat'ch  "  more 


^:^-'2-e-< 


^^^^/ 


1 1 14 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 


C.  Augustus   Haviland. 


than  one  hundred  "squatters"  had  to  be  ejected  and 
their  shanties  torn  down.  It  was  a  most  uninviting 
spot  to  deal  with.  Thirty  feet  of  filling  was  neces- 
sary to  bring  the  land  to  the  proper  level,  yet  to-day 
Degraw  street,  in  the  centre  of  the  district,  is  an 
attractive  place  for  residences,  as  are  also  the  other 
localities  mentioned.  Especially  fine  is  the  block  on 
Hancock  street,  between  Nostrand  and  Marcy  ave- 
nues, of  which  a  picture  is  given  on  a  preceding  page, 
lames  1).  Lynch  was  born  in  New  York  city  in  1848. 
He  was  educated  at  Charlier  Institute  and  received 
his  degree  from  the  law  department  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  the  City  of  New  York.  He  is  a  trustee  of 
several  financial  institutions.  Besides  being  a  life 
member  of  the  Marine  and  Field  Club  and  a  non-resi- 
dent member  of  the  Brooklyn  Club,  he  belongs  to  the 
following  New  York  clubs:  the  Manhattan,  the  Rid- 
ing, the  Down  Town  and  the  New  York  Yacht.  He 
is  unmarried  and  has  a  city  house  on  Gramercy  Park, 
New  York,  but  takes  especial  pride  in  his  beautiful 
country  seat,  "  Craigmere  "  at  New  London,  Conn. 
Mr.  Lynch  early  became  satisfied  that  a  comprehen- 
sive scheme  of  land  development  would  be  well 
worthy  of  the  best  effort.  With  a  view  to  selecting 
the  most  profitable  field  for  operation  he  visited  every 
large  city  in  the  Union  and  decided  that  the  territory 

within  ten  miles  of  the  New  York  city  hall  would  increase  in  population  and  wealth  in  the  immediate  future 

more  rapidly  than  any  other  district,  and  accordingly  gave  his  attention  to  the  city  of  Brooklyn  and  the 

town  of  New  Utrecht.     The  results  of  his  work  in  the  city  have  been  shown.     His  labors  in  New  LItrecht 

resulted  in  the  creation  of  Bensonhurst-by-the-Sea,  which  is  treated  of  further  on  in  this  chapter. 

C.  Augustus  Haviland,  Charles  A.  Haviland,  and  Edward  ^V.  Haviland  compose  the  real  estate  and  law 

firm  of  Haviland  &:  Sons,  which  has  gained  a  good  name  by  reason  of  shrewd  and  scrupulous  operations  in 

real  estate,  by  successes  made  m  law  practice,  and  by 

the  personal   prominence  ot    its  individual   members. 

C.  Augustus  Haviland,  the  founder  and  head  of  the 

firm,  was  the  secretary  and  manager  of  the  Brooklyn 

Real    Estate    Exchange  until   1892.     He  was  born  in 

New  York   in    1832   and   was   educated   in   the  ]3ublic 

schools  in  that  city.      In  1854  he  was  admitted  to  the 

bar  and  began  practice  at  Poughkeepsie.      In  1857  he 

moved   to    Davenport,    la.,    where    he    combined   real 

estate   dealing  with   law  practice.     In    1S65  he   estab- 
lished a  newspaper,  Tlic  ]]'c!,tern  Soldier  s  Friend.      In 

order   to   obtain  a  larger    field,  the   newspaper   plant 

was  transferred  to    Chicago    and   there  Mr.  Haviland 

established  two  magazines.      The  Chicago  fire  of  1871 

destroyed  all  his   property,  forcing  him    to  begin    life 

anew.     He  came  to  Brooklyn  in  1876  and  established 

the  firm  of  Haviland  &  Sons.     When  the  Real  Estate 

E.xchange  was  organized  on  March  6,  1SS9,  Mr.  Hav- 
iland, Sr.  was  made  a  director  and   the  secretary;  and 

at    the   reorganization    on    January    C,    1890,  he    was  i 

reelected.      He  was  again    reelected  on  December  6, 

1890;  and  when  a  business  office  was  opened  for  the 

e.xchange,    he    accepted    the    position    of     manager. 

Charles   A.    Haviland,    the    second    partner    in    the 

firm,   the    eldest    son   of   C.   Augustus    Haviland,  was 

born     at    Wallkill,    Ulster     County,    New    York,     on  '■         

December  29,    1856.      After    being    educated  in  the  chakles  a.  Havi,and. 


REAL    ESTATE  AND    SUBURBAN    DEVELOPMENT. 


ins 


Edward  W.   Haviland. 


public  schools,  he  began  work  at  the  age  of  fourteen 
in  a  Chicago  printing  office.  In  1S76  he  came  east 
and  worked  four  years  in  the  printing  office  of  J.  j. 
Little  &  Co.,  New  York;  and  later  he  engaged  with 
Wynkoop,  Hallenbeck  ^V  Co.  on  Fulton  street.  He  was 
placed  in  charge  of  the  jobbing  department  there, 
afterward  becoming  general  superintendent.  He  held 
the  latter  position  for  nine  years,  and  resigned  to  be- 
come an  active  partner  with  his  father  in  the  real 
estate  business.  He  was  one  of  the  incorporators  of 
the  Real  Estate  Exchange.  Edward  W.  Haviland, 
the  junior  partner  in  the  firm,  is  a  charter  member  of 
the  Real  Estate  Exchange.  He  was  born  in  Daven- 
port, la.,  on  October  2,  1858,  and  was  educated  in  the 
west.  At  the  age  of  thirteen  he  became  an  office 
boy  in  Chicago  and  for  several  years  worked  as  a 
clerk  in  a  real  estate  office  in  that  city  and  there 
gained  experience  which  renders  him  a  useful  mem- 
ber of  the  firm. 

Joshua  W.  Powell  is  a  type  of  the  class  of  men 
who  possess  the  rare  mental  bent  and  balance  which 
enables  them  to  wring  success  from  all  ventures, 
however  divergent  in  nature  they  may  be.  He  has  been 
engaged  in  many  occupations  of  varying  kinds  and 
has  won  his  way  to  prominence  as  a  real  estate 
owner  and  dealer.  Mr.  Powell  is  a  representative  of 
two  families  that  have  held  an  honorable  place  in  the  annals  of  Long  Island  for  nearly  three  centuries — 
the  Powell  and  Nichols  families.  The  Powells,  his  paternal  ancestors,  came  from  Wales  and  settled  at 
Flushing,  Long  Island,  early  in  the  seventeenth  century.  Mr.  Powell's  grandfather,  Joshua  Powell,  was  a 
preacher  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  his  father.  Nelson,  was  actively  identified  with  the  same 
church,  although  the  earlier  representatives  of  the  Powell  family  belonged  to  the  Society  of  Friends.  The 
first  American  ancestor  of  the  Nichols  family  was  Colonel  Nicolls,  who,  as  the  representative  of  the  Duke 
of  York  came  to  America  in  command  of  a  British 
fleet,  and  taking  possession  of  New  Amsterdam,  re- 
christened  it  New  York.  Colonel  Nicolls  was  the  first 
English  governor  of  New  York.  Joshua  W.  Powell 
was  born  in  his  father's  farm-house  at  Plain  Edge, 
Queens  County,  L.  I.,  on  September  i,  1840,  from 
which  place  the  family  moved  to  Farmingdale,  when 
Joshua  was  fourteen  years  of  age.  His  education 
began  in  the  district  school  at  Plain  Edge,  was  con- 
tinued at  Farmingdale,  and  completed  at  the  State 
Normal  School  at  Albany.  The  death  of  his  father 
soon  after  his  graduation  obliged  him  to  take  charge 
of  a  farm  of  350  acres,  and  to  assume  the  care  of  a 
mother  and  five  younger  children.  This  was  the 
position  of  affairs  until  1867,  when  the  farm  was  sold. 
He  then  started  in  mercantile  life  as  a  grocer,  in 
which  business  he  remained  during  the  next  four 
years.  Then,  at  Mineola,  L.  I.,  he  began  the  manu- 
facture of  brick.  This  business  he  continued  suc- 
cessfully for  thirteen  years,  furnishing  the  brick  for 
the  Cathedral  Hotel  and  many  other  buildings  in 
Garden  City,  beside  many  other  notable  edifices. 
He  finally  exchanged  his  brick  business  for  Brooklyn 
property,  and  has  since  been  an  operator  in  real  es- 
tate. In  i8gi  he  purchased  a  large  tract  of  land  at 
New  Cassel,  adjoining  Garden  City,  L.  I.,  and  divided 
it  into  building  lots.     As  a  real  estate  operator  Mr. 


Joshua  W.  Powell. 


II  i6 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


Powell  has  been  exceedingly  successful.  He  is  at  present  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Suburban  Home 
Company,  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Moriches  Land  and  Improvement  Company,  and  treasurer  of  the 
New  Cassel  Manufacturing  Co.  Although  at  one  time  a  politician  of  prominence  in  Queen's  County 
having  occupied  the  jjosition  of  chairman  of  the  Democratic  Central  Committee,  Mr.  Powell  is  now  devoted 
to  his  business  and  home  life  rather  than  to  politics.  He  is  still,  however,  a  staunch  Jeffersonian  Demo- 
crat. Li  1869  he  married  a  member  of  a  wealthy  family  at  Smithtown,  Suffolk  County,  and  now  lives  in 
Brooklyn.  His  recreation  is  found  in  boating,  fishing,  shooting  and  driving.  To  gratify  these  tastes  he 
keeps  horses  for  the  road  and  tine  saddle,  and  trained  hunting  dogs  for  the  field.  He  makes  frequent 
trips  south,  during  the  shooting  season.  His  summer  home  is  at  St.  James,  L.  L,  where  he  owns  a  farm 
and  a  finely  appointed  house  on  the  shore  of  Stony  Brook  Harbor.  He  is  not  a  club  man,  but  has  fixed 
domestic  tastes  and  habits. 

For  many  years  R.alph  L.  Cook  represented  extensive  property  interests  in  Brooklyn,  and,  as  a  real 
estate  agent,  contributed  largely  towards  the  improvement  of  the  city.  The  business  was  originally  estab- 
lished in   1S6S,  under  the  firm-name  of  Candee   &  Cook,  in   the   building  at  Sio  Fulton  street,  where  it  is 


Ralph  L.  Cook. 


conducted  at  the   present  time.     When   he  formed   the   partnershin  with   V    \V   r.    a        v>    ^   ,    -,     r-     , 
forty  years  old,  havmg  been  born   n>  New  York   in  1827       He  w  T  7        ,  '  ^  /    ,'''  u      ^        '  ^°°''  ^'' 

first  business  venture  u-,.  n..H     '     .1      t  ^'  ""  ""  graduate  of  Columbia  College  and  his 

firm  o    revi  JoTkTco      ullZ  'r' T'l   '"'  "°"°"  "^"^'""^  '"  ^^^^^  ^'--^-  -  ^  P-'-r  ^n  the 

treasurv    .",ch  he  tt.med  for  "    ","    :"''"''  '"  ''"  '°  ''^'  ''  P"^'''""  '"  '^e  United  States  sub- 

that  t,m;      He  nw^^M^sn'r^  egmmngmthe  real  estate  hne  bemg  made  at   the  end  of 

I'r  Tr,vett   w as  th    i r  t  dr  1.  ist     f^       .  niember  of  one  of  the  old  famdies  of  Poughkeepsie;  her  father, 

.89.  c.epr:;;dB;;:^^.'':s:  1^  ,■::;?:; .  ;;'^"'  -^  ^^"'':' '-  ^-^-^^'-^  ---^  on  May  i,; 

ately  after  the  death  of  Mr   Candee     he    '  \  ""'"'"'  "^  "  ^''""'^''  f'"'^"^''     I"   'S^^,  immedi- 

partner.     The  bus    e^s  ut  sco;    '  u,^^^  .T  "  f  '''  ''"'"'  '''^"'«   '■  ^^°'"^  ^^   ^^^^^^  his  father's 

Who  from  that  trnie  ^::::,  ^"t   t^ :!;;:rnt^::;:;J  :;  ^"^'  -^  ^.^^^  ^    ^-^  -^  ^he  man 
were  developed  his  father's  busmess  traits,  ^.nde:  h^    s:^- ;:;^.::^.;:rs^::- .^L^^a^d^^ 


REAL  ESTATE  AND  SUBURBAN  DEVELOPMENT. 


II]' 


William  H.   Grace. 


and  under  his  sole  control  it  probably  will  be  e.xtended  in  the  future  to  even  g-reater  proportions.  Ralph 
T.  Cook  was  born  in  Brooklyn  in  1856  and  is  a  graduate  of  the  city's  public  sxhools.  He  engaged  in  the 
real  estate  business,  as  an  employee  of  his  father,  immediately  after  his  schooling  was  finished!'  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Lincoln  Club,  the  Royal  Arcanum  and  the  Home  Circle;  he  has  a  strong  liking  for  aquatic 
sports,  especially  fishing  and  sailing.  He  married  a  Brooklyn  lady,  an  adopted  daughter  of  Joseph  H. 
Pratt. 

William  H.  Grace  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1843,  and  came  to  the 
United  States  when  he  was  eight  years  old.  He  was  educated  in  Pitts- 
field,  Amesbury  and  Worcester,  Mass.  In  1866,  he  engaged  in  journalism 
and  founded  the  first  Irish-American  newspaper  in  this  country  which 
propagated  and  supported  the  principles  of  the  Republican  party.  Upon 
the  nomination  of  U.  S.  Grant  for  the  presidency,  Mr.  CJrace  entered  the 
political  arena  and  made  no  less  than  sixty  speeches  in  favor  of  General 
Grant's  election.  He  declined  to  accept  any  reward  for  his  services.  On 
July  4,  1869,  in  pursuance  of  a  call  issued  by  Mr.  Grace,  a  national  conven- 
tion of  Irish-American  Republicans  was  held  in  Chicago,  Subsequent  to 
this  convention,  the  newspaper  with  which  he  was  connected  passed  into 
the  control  of  Thos.  Murphy,  but  remained  in  e.\istence  only  a  short  time- 
After  the  loss  of  his  paper,  Mr.  Grace  accepted  a  position  in  the  New 
York  custom-house,  serving  first  as  an  inspector  and  then  as  chief  of  the 
bureau  of  e.xportations.  He  remained  in  the  latter  position  for  about 
eight  years.  He  also  studied  law;  but  although  he  earned  a  certificate  as 
a  member  of  the  bar  he  never  entered  upon  practice.  He  made  his  home 
in  Brooklyn,  in  1873,  but  it  was  not  until  February  6,  1881,  that  he  opened  a  real  estate  office  in  this  city. 
He  has  to-day  a  very  large  clientage.  Mr.  (irace  was  the  appraiser  of  property  taken  for  the  bridge 
extension,  the  Federal  Building,  and  of  other  sites  used  for  public  edifices.  His  offices  are  at  45  Wil- 
loughby  street  and  203  Montague  street.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Columbian  Club,  St.  Patrick's  Society, 
Catholic  Knights  of  America,  and  the  Royal  Arcanum,  and  is  the  founder  of  the  Home  and  Country  Pro- 
tection Brotherhood. 

Horatio  S.   Sikwari',  whose  influence   has   been  e.xtensive   m   Brooklyn  real   estate  circles   for  fifteen 

years  past,  was  born  at  Oppenheim,  Fulton  County, 
N.  Y.,  in  1843.  A\'hen  thirteen  years  old  he  went  to 
Johnstown,  where  he  worked  for  three  years  as  an 
apprentice  at  the  painting  and  decorating  trade,  edu- 
cating himself  in  the  meantime  by  studying  at  night. 
At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  for  the  purpose  of  acquir- 
ing funds  to  complete  his  education,  began  to  teach 
school  and  was  so  employed  at  intervals  during  the 
ne.xt  three  years.  He  came  to  live  in  Brooklyn  when 
he  was  twenty-one  years  old.  He  first  obtained  em- 
ployment as  a  clerk  with  Lord  i\:  'I'aylor  in  New  York 
and  afterwards  with  Wechsler  &  Abraham  of  Brook- 
lyn. He  remained  here  three  years  and  then  went 
to  Pennsylvania  and  embarked  in  business  as  a  con- 
tractor both  at  Corry  and  Oil  City.  At  the  age  of 
twenty-six  he  became  a  commercial  traveller  for 
Samuel  Downer,  an  oil  merchant  of  Boston;  after 
spending  two  years  on  the  road,  he  began  business 
for  himself  on  Long  Island.  Three  years  later  he 
began  to  operate  in  Brooklyn  real  estate.  His  first 
office  was  a  small  one,  but  has  been  constantly  enlarged 
until  to-day  it  ranks  as  one  of  the  finest  in  the  city. 
His  opinion  is  esteemed  valuable  in  all  financial  ques- 
tions. He  holds  ofiice  in  the  Sprague  National  Bank 
as  a  director  and  in  the  City  Savings  Bank  as  trustee; 
he  is  a  member  of  the  Brooklyn  Real  Estate  Exchange 
and  a  trustee  of  Pennington  Seminary.  He  is  also 
president  of  the  Brooklyn  Sunday  Breakfast  Associa- 
tion, a  charitable  organization  of  unique  character. 


J/. 


01-C06}?  <^jdj^         ^ 


f,-<^^Z'iyiy<:XA^ 


iiiS 


THE    EAGLE   AND   BROOKLYN. 


t      •,     .        1-1    T,,,,,Tc  n A VFN'PORT  belong-s,  traces  an  unbroken  line  of 

The  branch  of  the  Davenport  fam.ly  to  wh.ch  Julrt.  '']''' ^^''^J^\^^^^  \^^^^  the  Norman  conquest. 

descent  from  Ormus  De  Dauneporte,  who   was    born  m   England  tuent)    >  ^^^s   atter  t  J^^^   ^ 

There  were  a  number  of  emn.ent  clergymen  m  t'-;-;-^;- ^^^^^^^   6^  ^  "hJeffoS  w^S^";: 
graduate  of  Oxford,  who  preached  m  London  untdbn.hedoAn^^^^^  ^^^^  ^^ 

the   establishment    of   the   school   and   college    system    of  Connecticut   wnere,  m    x    n,  .      „ 

Uowers  founded   the  city  of  New  Haven,     JuHus  Davenport  was  born  in  New  Canaan,  -  May  3:8... 

His  father  William  Davenport,  was  born  in  178.  and  died  at  the  r,pe  age  of  seventy-nine,  while  his  mo  her 

wo  was. Abigail  Benedict,  died  in    1839.     Mr.  Davenport   received  his  education  in  the  common  scools  of 

New  cinaan,  and  at  the  New  Canaan  Academy  under    Professo.  Thatcher  of  Yale.     When  seventeen  he 

be.an  teaching  school  in  Connecticut  and  after  following  that  occupation  for  five  years  moved  to  Brooklyn, 

where  for  ten  vears  he  was  principal  of  a  private   school.     Not   long  after  he  abandoned  teaching  Mr. 

Davenport  entered  the  real  estate  and  insurance  field,  opening  an  office  on  the  corner  of   Fulton   and  South 

Oxford  streets      He  continued  business  alone  for  fifteen   years  and,  in   1868,  took  his  eldest  son,  William  B. 


Julius  D.a\'enport. 

Davenport,  into  partnership.  Three  years  later  he  associated  with  himself  his  second  son,  Julius  B.  Daven- 
port; the  firm  has  ever  since  been  known  as  J.  Davenport,  Son  &  Co.  On  June  4,  1846,  he  married  Miss 
Mary  A.  Bates,  of  New  York.  Mr.  Davenport  gives  generously  to  educational,  charitable  and  religious 
institutions;  for  nearly  forty  years  he  has  been  a  member  and  at  one  time  was  a  deacon  of  the  Clinton 
avenue  Congregational  Church. 

F.  W.  Carru'I'hkrs  was  born  in  London  in  1845  and  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  his 
native  country.  His  father  came  to  America  in  1855;  he  was  a  civil  engineer  of  ability  and  accumulated 
considerable  wealth.  Settling  in  New  York  when  twenty-one  Mr.  Carruthers  engaged  in  the  life  insurance 
business  and  three  years  later  opened  a  real  estate  office  in  Brooklyn.  He  was  one  of  the  original  incor- 
porators of  the  Kings  County  Trust  Company,  the  Hamilton  Trust  Company,  the  Brevoort  Savings  Bank, 
and  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Real  Estate  Exchange.  He  has  served  in  the  National  Guard  as  a  member 
of  the  23d  Regiment.  He  is  a  Free  Mason  and  a  member  of  Hill  Grove  Lodge,  No.  540,  and  also  he  is  a 
member  of  the  Crescent  Athletic  and  the  Union  League  clubs. 


REAL   ESTATE   AND   SUBURBAN    DEVELOPMENT. 


1119 


The  firm  of  Wheeler  Bros,  has  of  late  years  been  connected  with  large  real  estate  transactions  and 
investments  in  Brooklyn.  William  J.  Wheeler  was  born  in  New  York  in  i860,  and  attended  school  there 
and  in  Brooklyn.  He  was  fourteen  when  he  found  employment  in  the  commission  trade  in  New  York. 
Four  years  later  he  came  to  Brooklyn,  where  his  father  was  carrying  on  a  real  estate,  building  and  jobbing 
business  of  which  he  became  manager.  In  a  short  time  his  father  died  and  for  the  succeeding  four  years 
Mr  Wheeler  acted  as  manager  for  a  photo-engraving  firm  in  New  York.  He  then  entered  into  partner- 
ship with  his  brother,  Charles  B.  Wheeler,  to  conduct  a  general  real  estate  business,  which  has  proved  emi- 
nently successful.  Mr.  Wheeler  is  a  member  of  the  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows.  Charles  B. 
Wheeler  was  born  in  New  York  in  1862,  but  was  brought  to  Brooklyn  when  he  was  about  a  year  old.  He 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  this  city.  When  his  father  died,  in  1877,  he  secured  employment 
with  John  H.  Graticap  of  New  York;  after  this  first  venture  he  spent  some  years  in  the  store  of  J.  Sabin 
&:  Sons.  From  1881  until  1889  he  engaged  in  the  moulding  trade,  with  the  firm  of  R.  W.  Aube  &  Son,  as 
accountant  and  salesman.     During  this  period,  Mr.  Wheeler   managed  his  father's  estate  and  familiarized 


^'  &fa^ 


himself  with  the  Brooklyn  real  estate  market.  In  1889,  in  partnership  with  his  brother,  he  began  to  build 
up  the  real  estate  business  which  has  since  monopolized  his  attention.  C.  B.  Wheeler  is  also  a  membei  ot 
the  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows. 

Francis  E.  Clark  is  a  successful  real  estate  broker,  conducting  business  at  890  Myrtle  avenue_  ne 
was  born  at  Cornwall,  Orange  County,  N.  Y.,  and  was  educated  at  the  public  schools  in  Peekskill  At  tne 
age  of  eighteen  he  entered  the  law  office  of  Eugene  B.  Travers  of  Peekskill  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1876.  In  1888  he  opened  a  real  estate  and  brokerage  office  in  Brooklyn  and  has  succeeded  in  establishing 
a  large  and  remunerative  business.  He  is  familiar  with  the  real  estate  values  m  this  city,  and  is  trequent  y 
called  upon  as  an  expert.  He  is  an  untiring  worker,  polite  and  suave  in  manner,  and  wel  liked  '"J^«"^"^ 
and  social  circles.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Aurora  Grata  and  other  prominent  clubs,  and  is  a  noble  or 
Mystic  Shrine. 


II 20  THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 

Nearly  two  years  ago  Charles  C.  Steele  and  Frank  P.  Herig  formed  a  copartnership  and  purchased 
the  real  estate  and  insurance  business  formerly  conducted  by  Joseph  H.  Skilhnan.  They  have  succeeded 
since  that  time  and  have  thoroughly  satisfied  a  large  number  of  customers.  Charles  C.  Steele  was  born  in 
Jersey  City,  N,  j.,  on  July  27,  1863.  After  attending  public  school  No.  2  for  one  year  and  a  private  school 
kept  by  Mrs.  Van  Kleet,  he  entered  Hasbruok  Listitute,  from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1880.  He  was  first 
employed  by  Halsted  Haines  &  Co.,  of  New  York,  with  whom  he  remained  until  the  summer  of  1884.  He 
then  became  a  commercial  traveller,  following  this  vocation  for  six  years  and  travelling  principally  through 
the  west  and  northwest.  He  abandoned  it  to  embark  in  the  real  estate  and  insurance  business.  Mr. 
Steele  is  a  member  of  the  Union  League,  Brooklyn  and  the  Carleton  clubs,  Parkway  Driving  Club,  and  the 
Palmer  Club  of  Jersey  City.  Frank  P.  Herig  is  descended  from  a  family  prominent  in  early  German 
annals.  He  was  born  in  New  York  on  April  13,  1S60,  and  afterwards  moved  to  Greenville,  N.  J.,  where  he 
received  his  education.  For  eleven  years  he  was  employed  by  James  S.  Brown,  a  wholesale  merchant. 
Previous  to  forming  the  partnership  with  Mr.  Steele,  Mr.  Heng  was  for  three  years  office  manager  for 
Joseph  H.  Skillman. 

One  of  the  energetic  and   active  members  of  the  Brooklyn  Real   Estate  E.xchange   is  William  P.  Rae. 


-^^./^^f 


His  father  for  many  years  conducted  an  extensive  and  prosperous  tea  business  in  New  York  His  mother 
came  from  a  famdy  of  recogni/.ed  social  standmg  in  the  state  of  New  Jersev.  Their  son  William  P  was 
born  ,n  New  York  thirty-one  years  ago,  received  his  early  education  m  the  public  schools  and  was  graduated 
from  the  College  of  the  Cty  of  New  York.  William  P.  Rae's  first  business  experience  was  gained  as  a 
clerk  ,n  the  New  Amsterdam  Bank,  where  he  remained  for  two  years  and  then,  at  the  age  of  sixteen  entered 
the  employ  of  David  C.  Reid,  a  Brooklyn  real  estate  agent.  Two  years  later  he  became  the  manager  of 
Paul  C.  Grening  s  real  estate  office  on  (iates  avenue,  where  he  remained  twelve  years  For  the  last  three 
vearsof  this  period  he  was  a  partner  with  Mr.  Grening,  but  these  relations  were  dissolved  in  1890  when  Mr 
Kae  ventured  into   business  for  himself  as  auctioneer  and  general  real  estate  dealer.     Since   ,869  Mr   Rae 


REAL  ESTATE  AND  SUBURBAN  DEVELOPMENT. 


II2I 


has  made  his  home  in  Brooltlyn.  He  is  an  inspector  of  elections  in  the  Bedford  Bank  and  president  of  the 
New  Utrecht  Improvement  Company.  He  has  lately  consolidated  his  interests  with  those  of  Jose]3h  P. 
Fuels,  conducting  business  under  the  corporate  name  of  the  William  P.  Rae  Company.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Royal  Arcanum  and  the  Order  of  Tonti.  Of  the  former  he  is  past-regent  and  of  the  latter  a  past- 
president  and  supreme  representative.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Union  League  Club,  was  for  twelve  years  a 
member  and  officer  of  Company  G,  13th  Regiment,  N.  G.,  S.  N.  Y.,  and  is  now  connected  with  its  veteran 
association. 

Joseph  P.  Fuels,  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  William  P.  Rae  Company,  has  been  engaged  m  the 
real  estate  business  in  Brooklyn  for  about  eleven  years  and  has  been  very  successful.  He  is  largely 
engaged  in  buildnig,  in  which  line  his  operations  have  been  extensive,  both  in  the  city  and  elsewhere;  he  is 
president  of  the  General  Repair  and  Construction  Company.  In  his  real  estate  business  Mr.  Fuels  has  had 
a  first-class  clientage.  His  building  operations  were  begun  m  1883  in  connection  with  his  real  estate  busi- 
ness and  he  carried  on  the  latter  under  his  (jwn  name  until  tiie  recent  organization  of  the  William  P.  Rae 
Company.  He  is  a  director  in  the  Greenwich  Insurance  Company  and  is  a  member  of  the  Union  League 
Club      Mr.  Fuels  began  his  active  life  as  a  farmer  in  the  west,  where  he  lived  and  worked  for  three  years 


after  leaving  the  public  schools  of  New  L/  York,  where  he  was  born  in  1850.  He  was  seventeen  years 
old  when  he  entered  upon  his  brief  agricultural  career;  three  years  later  he  returned  to  New  York  and 
obtained  a  clerkship  in  the  office  of  the  Metropolitan  (ias  Company.  He  worked  his  way  up  to  the  posi- 
tion of  head  collector.  He  remained  in  the  employ  of  the  gas  company  for  eleven  years  and  left  it  to 
engage  in  the  real  estate  business  in  Brooklyn, 

For  forty  years  John  Foley  has  been  a  resident  of  Brooklyn  and  lias  lived  in  the  tweuLV-fifth  ward 
for  the  last  twenty  years,  taking  active  interest  in  the  development  of  that  section  of  the  city.  His  sons, 
John  F.  and  William  C.  Foley,  the  latter  now  deceased,  have  also  been  prominent  in  their  ward.  The 
senior  Mr.  Foley  came  to  this  country  when  he  was  ten  years  old  and  was  educated  at  the  Brooklyn  school 


II22 


THE    EAGLE   AND    BROOKLYN. 


.HI  he  WIS  sixteen   when  he  beo-an  to  learn  the  trade  of  a  machinist,  after  acquiring  which  he  qualified 
office   is.     He  was  born  m  Brooklyn  on  February  3,  1862,  and  is  a  graduate  of  public  school   ^o.  35- 


law  studies  were  pursued  in  the  office  of  Goodrich,  Deady  &  Goodrich,  at  59  Wall  street,  New  York,  and  he 
has  been  connected  with  that  firm  for  the  past  fifteen  years.  His  Brooklyn  practice  has  been  conducted 
under  his  own  name  since  the  death  of  his  brother,  William  C.  Foley.  He  does  a  general  law  business  and 
has  a  large  admiralty  practice. 

T.  S.  Barnks  is  one  of  the  successful  young  business  men  of  Brooklyn  identified  with  the  real  estate 
interests  of  the  city.  He  is  a  native  of  Brooklyn  and  was  born  in  1862:  his  father,  one  of  the  best  known 
builders  in  this  city,  came  from  Scotland  when  he  was  a  boy.  After  receiving  his  education  at  the  public 
schools  and  a  commercial  college,  '1'.  S.  Barnes  spent  seven  years  in  the  dry  goods  trade  as  an  employee  of 
Mills  &  CJibb  of  New  York.  Oyster  planting  on  Long  Island  engaged  his  attention  for  the  next  three 
years  and  then  he  became  interested  in  the  real  estate  business  in  Brooklyn  as  a  partner  with  Mr.  Rozell, 
with  whom  he  remained  for  one  year.  He  is  at  the  present  time  conducting  his  l)usiness  independently. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Union  T-eague  Club.  His  favorite  recreations  are  boating  and  fishing,  and  he  is  a 
lover  of  out-door  sports  generally  ;  he  has  travelled  extensively  over  the  country  and  is  a  well-informed 
and  agreeable  man. 

Francis  M.  Edcerton  was  born  at  Poultney,  Vermont,  in  1840,  and  was  educated  in  the  Troy  Con- 


REAL   ESTATE   AND   SUBURBAN   DEVELOPMENT. 


1123 


ference  Academy  and  at  Middlebury  College,  which  he  left  to  enlist  in  the  2nd  Vt.  Volunteers  at  the  becrin- 
ning  of  the  civil  war;  he  was  the  first  of  his  townsmen  to  enlist  for  three  years.  He  was  mustered  into'the 
service  as  a  sergeant  and  in  that  rank  fought  at  the  first  battle  of  Bull  Run.  When  that  was  over  he  was 
made  a  lieutenant,  and  was  at  once  appointed  provost  marshal  of  the  Vermont  brigade  on  the  staff  of 
General  W.  T.  H.  Brooks.  .After  the  fight  at  Lee's  Mills  he  became  provost  marshal  of  the  2nd  Division 
of  the  6th  Corps  and  was  attached  to  the  staff  of  General  William   F.  Smith;  after  the  Peninsula  campaign 


Oy-lX^'^  CL-<^      /^^  ^   ^ 


he  was  promoted  to  the  adjutancy  of  his  regiment.  From  the  close  of  the  battle  of  Antietam  until  the  e.xpir- 
ation  of  his  term  of  service  he  served  as  aide-de-camp  on  the  staff  of  General  Albion  P.  Howe.  After  the  war 
he  engaged  in  the  umbrella  business  but  soon  abandoned  it  and  embarked  in  the  dry  goods  trade.  This 
venture  monopolized  his  attention  until  1878,  when  he  essayed  manufacturing.  Ten  years  later  he  began 
to  operate  in  real  estate  and  his  career  since  that  time  has  proven  very  successful.  His  office  is  at  1221 
Fulton  street.  When  his  business  cares  relax  sufficiently,  Mr.  Edgerton  enjoys  himself  as  a  fisherman.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Middleton  Post,  G.  A.  R. 

Frank  De  Hvman,  born  in  Brighton,  England,  forty  years  ago,  has  been  a  resident  of  Brooklyn  nearly 
fifteen  years  and  has  long  been  an  American  citizen.  Cosmopolitanism  is  a  strong  trait  in  his  character 
and  has  been  developed  by  extensive  travel  in  various  parts  of  the  world.  He  was  taught  by  private  tutors 
until  his  fifteenth  year;  then  he  was  sent  to  Strasburg,  where  he  remained  at  school  until  he  was  twenty-one 
years  old.  Next  he  travelled  four  years,  during  which  time  he  visited  all  parts  of  Europe,  besides  making 
tours  in  Asia,  Africa,  America  and  Australia  and  learning  the  principal  languages.  On  his  return  to  Eng- 
land he  was  entrusted  with  the  mission  of  introducing  at  the  watering-places  on  the  south  coast  many  of 
the  comforts  of  American  homes.  When  he  came  to  Brooklyn  he  engaged  in  the  real  estate  business.  He 
became  interested  in  Wallabout  Market  property  and  established  himself  at  442  Myrtle  avenue.  His  uniform 
courtesy  and  acquaintance  with  different  languages  made  him  a  popular  business  man.  Though  not  a 
member  of  any  party  organization  he  is  inclined  to  Jeffersonian  Democracy  in  politics.     He  is  proud  of  his 


I  I  24 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 


ancestry,  his  father  having  been  one  of  the  intimate  friends  of  the  Duke  of  Saxe-Coburg  Gotha,  brother- 
in-law  to  (^tieen  \'ictoria.  He  is  a  lover  of  art  and  has  a  fine  collection  of  paintings  and  carvings;  among 
the  latter  is  one  of  the  finest  antiques  in  existence,  a  work  representing  "The  Ten  Virgins,"  executed  in 
1615,  and  measuring  four  and  one-half  by  twelve  feet.  He  married,  before  coming  to  this  country,  a  lady 
who  was  member  of  a  family  in  the  landed  gentry  of  England.  Though  devoted  to  his  family  he  is  a  keen 
sportsman  antl  occasionally  enjoys  a  day  with  dog  and  gun.  He  believes  that  Brooklyn's  interest  is  largely 
identified  with  the  water-front  which    has  been    neglected.     His  interest  in    Wallabout   property  is  directly 


Frank  H    Tyler. 


due  to  this,  and  ]\'Ir.  De  Hyman's  opinion  is  backed  by  the  large  amount  of  sales  which  he  has  made  in  this 
locality.  He  is  enthusiastic  on  the  subject  and  pictures  a  bright  future  for  Brooklyn's  interests  there.  With 
others,  he  says  the  Wallabout  Market  must  have  the  dock  which  will  make  it  as  important  as  other  similar 
enterprises  have  been  and  thus  enable  it  to  compete  successfully  with   New  York. 

Frank  H.  T^■LER  is  a  real  estate  dealer  who  is  considered  an  expert  on  values  and  gives  special  atten- 
tion to  exchanging  and  appraising.  He  gained  his  experience  with  Austin  Corbin,  by  whom  he  was 
employed  for  six  years,  and  he  attributes  the  qualities  by  which  he  achieved  success  to  the  business  school- 
ing obtained  in  the  office  of  that  financier.  Soon  after  leaving  Mr.  Corbin's  employ  he  engaged  in  business 
for  himself  on  Fulton  street,  not  very  far  from  No.  11S3,  where  his  office  is  now  located.  "  He  has  been 
interested  in  s.,me  important  transacti.,ns,  including  the  sale  to  the  city  of  the  site  for  one  of  the  primary 
schools.  He  IS  the  vice-president  of  the  Floral  Park  Company,  which  has  laid  out  in  building  lots  a  large 
tract  of  suburban  property  on  Long  Island.  Mr.  Tyler  was  born  in  Brooklyn  on  Tune  2  i860  and  after 
graduating  from  public  school  No.  11,  in  1876,  he  devoted  two  and  a  half  years  to  the  printing  trLde  in  New 
York,  prior  t<,  beginning  his  association  with  Austin  Corbin.  He  is  of  English  lineage  His  paternal 
grandfather  was  born  in  Vermont  and  was  of  Puritan  descent.  His  maternal  grandfather  was  of  English 
birth  and  an  officer  in  the  Royal  Artillery,  while  his  maternal  grandmother  was  a  relative  of  George  Read 
one  of  the  signers  of  the  declaration  of  independence.     In  ,884  Mr.  Tyler  married  a  Miss  Longhi  daughter 


REAL    ESTATE    AND    SUBURBAN    DEA-ELOPMENT. 


1125 


J.    A.    S.    SiMONSON. 


of  John  N.  Longhi  of  Brooklyn.     He  is  a  member  of    the  Union  League  Club,  New  England  Society,  and 
Baptist  Social  Union,  and  is  a  trustee  in  the  New  York  State  Mortgage  Bank. 

From  his  boyhood  J.  A.  S.  Simonson  has  been  more  or  less  connected  with  the  affairs  of  real  property. 
He  was  born  in  Jamaica  in  1837.     His  early  education  was  obtained  at  the  district  school  of  the  township 
and  his  schooling  was  finished  at  the  Jamaica  Academy.      Leaving  school 
he  followed   agricultural  life  for  two  years  and  then  entered  th:  buildimr 
trade   under  his  father's  direction.     Within   four  years   his  parents  died, 
leaving  him  heir  to  one   of   the  most  prosperous   trades  in    Jamaica.     Mr. 
Simonson    took    contracts   from    the  city   of   Brooklyn    for   building  gate 
houses  and  bridges  on  the  line  of  the  city  waterworks,  and  continued  busi- 
ness as  a  builder  for  another  year;   then   he    became  convinced   that    there 
was  a  larger  field  for  a  young  man    in  city  mercantile   life      He   came   to 
Brooklyn,  where  he  connected  himseli  with  Mr.  A\'illiam  H.  Iridium,  under 
the  firm-name  of  Simonson  &:  Ludlum,  to  transact  a  flour   and   grain   busi- 
ness.    The  partnership  had  lasted  about  six  ycarc  when  Mr.  Simonson  sold 
out    his  interest    to    engage    in  the   real    estate  and  insurance  brokerage        .^________„ 

business.     His  offices  have  been   successively,  on  the  site  of   the  present     ,  ^^^^^f  ,       ~"'   ■    | 

Commercial  Bank  Building,  on  Fulton  street,  and  on  Montague  street, 
where  he  continued  until  the  spring  of  1884.  A  year  later  be  became 
the  Long  Island  manager  of  the  Niagara  Fire  Lnsurance  Co.,  of  New 
York,  the  North  American  Insurance  Co.,  of  Philadelphia,  the  Phoenix 
Insurance  Co.,  of  Hartford,  and  the  International  Insurance  Co.,  of 
New  York.  After  the  election  of  Mayor  Low,  Mr.  Simonson  was  appointed  a  meinber  of  the  board  of 
education  and  was  afterwards  reappointed.  Some  years  ago  Mr.  Simonson  became  a  manufacturer  under 
patents  of  his  own.  These  covered  new  designs  in  lawn  seats  and  settees  and  an  improved  car  seat. 
Finding  it  necessary  to  have  headquarters  where  he  could  give  his  personal  attention  both  to  his  manu- 
facturing and  real  estate  interests,  Mr.  Simonson  oc- 
cupied the  office  at  13  16  Broadway,  where  he  is  now 
situated.  Mr.  Simonson's  tastes  incline  toward  fish- 
ing and  good  horses,  of  which  he  owns  several.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  advisory  committee  of  the  Brook- 
lyn Bridge.  He  married  Miss  Addie  E.  Nafis,  a  Long 
Island  lady  of  Knickerbocker  descent. 

A  young  man  with  a  promising  future  is  Clar- 
ence E.  McMahon,  real  estate  and  insurance  agent. 
He  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  on  August  12,  i8Cg,  his 
parents  being  well-known  Brooklynitgs.  He  was 
educated  at  the  Polytechnic  Institute  and  afterward 
obtained  a  position  with  the  firm  of  Mclntyre  & 
\\'ordwell,  gram,  produce  and  commission  merchants 
in  New  York.  He  remained  for  two  years  with  that 
firm,  and  then  entered  into  partnership  with  his 
brother,  T.  V.  McMahon,  in  the  real  estate  business. 
At  the  end  of  six  months  his  brother  died;  but  C. 
E.  McMahon  continued  the  business,  and  added  to  it 
an  insurance  agency.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Cres- 
cent Athletic  Club,  and  takes  an  active  interest  in  its 
a  ft  airs. 

An  authority  in  the  realm  of  realty  and  one  who 
"  has  made  a  name  for  himself  in  that  particular  direc- 

tion,  is    P.    J.    C.R.-vcE.      Mr.    Grace    is  a   New    Eng- 
lander,    having   been     born     at    Pittsfield,    Mass.,   in 
1850.     There  he  received  his  early  education.     When 
P.  J.  r.RACE.  sixteen  he  went  to  Boston,  and  worked    for  six   years 

in  the  drug  business.  He  then  came  to  New  York,  and  was  employed  in  the  post-oftice  for  about  ten  years, 
after  which  he  entered  the  real  estate  business  in  Brooklyn.  He  has  successfully  conducted  some  very 
large  transactions  in  real  estate.      He  married  a  New  York  lady  and  devotes  his  leisure  to  his  home. 

The   firm   of  Austin  A.  Zender  &    Co.  is  ]iro]iiinent    not    only  because    of  its  integrity  and   ability  as  a 
business  house,  but  bv   reason   of    the  excellent  character  of  its   individual   members.     The   firm   includes 


II26 


THE    EAGLE   AND   BROOKLYN. 


^^'i^^^^.-^^^U^.fii!^ 


Austin  A.  Zender    and  E.  Washington  Stratton.     Mr. 

Zender  is  of  French  parentage  on  his  father's  side,  but  is  the 

son  of  an  American   mother.     He  was  born   in   New  York 

in  1855  and  was  educated  at  the  pubHc   schools.     'When  he 

was  thirteen  years  old,   he   found    employment  in   the   real 

estate  office  of  Warren  Scott  of    New  York.     He  afterwards 

entered  the  shipping  and   commission   house  of   Richard  P. 

Buck  &  Co.,  of   South  street.     His   first  venture  on  his   own 

account  was  made  in  the  real  estate  business  in  New  York, 

but  in  i886  he  opened  an  office  in  Brookljm  at  272  Lexington 

avenue,  where  he  has  remained  until   the   present  time.     Mr. 

Zender  has  long  been  one  of  the   board  of  managers  of  the 

Brooklyn  Association  for   Improving  the   Condition   of    the 

Poor.      In  politics  he  is  an  active   Republican  and   he  is  one 

of  the  charter   members  and  was  one  of  the  first  officers  of 

the  Young   Republican  Club;   he  was   the   organizer  of  the 

branch  of  that  club  established  in  the  twenty-first  ward.     E. 

Washington  Stratton  was  born  in  New  York  city  in  1838  and 

attended   the  public  schools  there  until  he  was  si.xteen  years 

old;  then   he  spent   five  years    learning  the  trade  of  a  coach 

builder.     Afterwards  he  became  a  commercial  traveller  and 

was  thus  occupied  for  three  years,  at  the  end  of  which  time 

he  entered  into  partnership  with  his  father  in  the  manufac- 
ture of   coaches,  the   firm  becoming  E.  M.  Stratton   &  Son. 

Father  and  son  carried  on  their  coach-making  business   for 

three  years,  when   they  became   coal  merchants.     At   the   end   of  four  years  the  elder  Mr.  Stratton  with- 
drew from  the  firm  and  the  son  carried  on  the  business  alone  for  another  four  years.     Mr.  Stratton  after- 
wards took   up  ink-making,  in  which  industry  he  was 

--«        -  engaged    until   1889,  when    he  became  a  real  estate 

broker.  Mr.  Stratton  has  been  married  twice;  his 
first  wife,  who  was  of  Knickerbocker  ancestry,  died 
in  1883  ;   his  second  marriage  occurring  in  1892. 

Ezra  Dewitt  Bushnell  is  a  director  of  the 
Municipal  Electric  Light  Company  and  was  secretary 
and  treasurer  of  the  Citizen's  Electric  Light  Com- 
pany and  is  interested  in  many  other  Brooklyn  in- 
stitutions. He  is  a  member  of  the  Crescent  Ath- 
letic, the  Excelsior,  the  Constitution,  the  Parkway 
Driving  and  the  Coney  Island  Rod  and  Gun  clubs. 
As  treasurer  of  the  D.  &  M.  Chauncey  Real  Estate 
Company,  (Limited),  Mr.  Bushnell  plays  a  significant 
part  in  the  development  of  realty  interests  in  the 
city.  He  began  business  in  New  York  at  the  age  of 
seventeen  and  afterwards  moved  his  office  to  Brook- 
lyn. He  established  relations  with  the  firm  of  D.  & 
M,  Chauncey,  and  when  on  January  i,  1890,  that  firm 
was  merged  into  a  stock  company,  Mr.  Bushnell  was 
elected  treasurer.  Mr.  Bushnell  was  born  on  April 
24,  1S60.  He  was  educated  at  various  Brooklyn  in- 
stitutions. He  has  been  married  twice,  his  first  wife 
being  a  daughter  of  Hugh  McLaughlin;  his  present 
wife  was  a  Miss  Bassett  of  this  city. 

Jacob  Newkirk's  transactions  in  real  estate 
have  been  extensive.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  ISrooklyn,  where  he  was  born  in  1858,  and  at 
the  age  of  fourteen  obtained  a  position  in  New  York 
as  an  employee  of  the  Willimantic  Linen  Company 

He  afterwards  became  stock  clerk  in  the  New  York  establishment  of   Baldwin,  the  clothier      Eventually 

he    was   transferred    to   his  employer's  Brooklyn    store  and  then    successively    obtained  situations    with 


REAL   ESTATE   AND    SUBURBAN    DEVELOPMENT. 


1127 


Rogers,  Peet  &  Co.,  and  Bronner  &  Co.,  serving  the 
latter  firm  in  the  capacity  of  assistant  manager.  In 
JNlarch,  1885,  he  began  to  operate  as  a  real  estate 
agent.  He  was  in  partnership  for  a  short  time  with 
J.  D.  Hall  and  afterwards  associated  himself  with 
Joshua  W.  Powell.  After  the  withdrawal  of  Mr. 
Powell  the  business  was  continued  by  Mr.  Newkirk. 
A  branch  office  was  established  on  Fulton  street  in 
January,  i88g,  and  two  months  later  Mr.  Newkirk 
again  entered  into  a  partnership  which  was  dissolved 
in  September,  i8go.  Since  that  time  he  has  conducted 
his  business  alone  at  260  Summer  avenue.  He  man- 
ages many  large  estates,  and  represents  several  im- 
portant insurance  companies.  He  was  one  of  the 
original  directors  of  the  Brooklyn  Real  Estate  Ex- 
change, and  is  now  secretary  of  the  Brooklyn  branch 
of  the  Keystone  National  Building  and  Loan  Asso- 
ciation. Mr.  Newkirk  traces  descent  from  ancestry 
that  was  distinguished  in  colonial  times;  his  great- 
great-grandfather  was  the  celebrated  Sir  William 
Johnson.  Mr.  Newkirk  married  a  daughter  of  C.  P. 
Raymond,  at  one  time  collector  of  the  port  of  New 
York;  they  have  two  children,  a  boy  and  a  girl. 

Edwin  A.  Cruikshank  is  an  energetic  man  who 
has  achieved  success  in   the   real  estate  business  in 

New  York  and  Brooklyn.     He  has  been  a  member  of  Jacob  Newkirk. 

the  Volunteer  Firemen's  Association  of  this  city,  and  of  the  13th  Regiment,  in  which  he  served  during  the 
civil  war  at    Suffolk,  Va.     Mr.  Cruikshank  was   born   in    New  York,  on    August    11,  1843,   and   attended    a 
public  and  a  private  school  until  he  was  thirteen  years  of  age.     After  leaving  school  he  was  employed  for 
a  time  by  his   father,  James   Cruikshank,  an  old  and  well-known  real  estate  dealer  in   New  Y'ork.     During 
the  following   ten   years  he  was   in    partnership   with   his    cousin,   ^\'illiam   C.   Cruikshank,  and    his   uncle, 
Augustus  Cruikshank.      This  firm  was  dissolved  and  the   present   firm  of  E.  A.  Cruikshank  &   Co.,  com- 
posed of  the  three  brothers,  Edwin,  A.  W.,  and  War- 
ren  Cruikshank,  was   formed.     Their    place   of  busi- 
ness is  at    176   Broadway,  New  York,  and   they  have 
charge   of  very    large  and  valuable  properties.       Mr, 
Cruikshank  was   one   of  the   organizers  of  the   Real 
Estate    Exchange    and     Auction    Room   on    Liberty 
street,  New   York,  and    acted  as   its  president    two 
terms;    vice-president  one  term,  and    treasurer  two 
terms.      He  is  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trade  and 
Transportation,  and  the  Insurance  Club;  a  director  of 
the   New  York   Plate  Glass    Insurance  Company,  and 
of  the   Real    Estate  Loan  and  Trust  Company.     He 
is  a    member    of  the    Brooklyn   Gun,  Bloomingrove, 
and    Saranac     clubs,    and    the    Amaranth    Dramatic 
Society.     Mr.  Cruikshank  married  Miss  Susia  Hinch- 
man  and  has  one  child,  a  daughter. 

^VILLIA.M  J.  Tate  has  been  connected  with  the 
growth  of  Brooklyn,  in  a  public  or  private  capacity, 
for  nearly  a  half  century.  Born  in  New  York  in  1844, 
he  attended  the  public  schools  of  that  city  until  the 
age  of  thirteen,  when  his  parents  moved  to  Brooklyn. 
Here  he  entered  the  employ  of  his  father,  with  whom 
he  remained  until  1862.  The  following  nine  years 
were  passed  with  the  lirm  of  Devlin  &  Company, 
clothiers,  of  New  York.  Failing  health  obliged  him 
to  relinquish  active  mercantile  life;  after  his  recov- 
ery he  engaged  in   insurance  brokerage   in  this  city, 


Edwin  A.  Cruikshank. 


,T28 


THE   EAGLE   AND   BROOKLYN. 


William  J.   Tate. 


representing  the  interests  of  the  North  American 
Fire  Insurance  Company  and  the  Astor  Fire  Insur- 
ance Company.  After  these  companies  retired  from 
business,  Mr.  Tate  became  permit  clerk  in  the  depart- 
ment of  city  works,  being  transferred  a  couple  of 
years  later  to  the  city  clerk's  office  as  assistant.  In 
this  position  he  remainetl  a  year  and  a  half — when  he 
received  an  appointment  in  the  department  of  health, 
whence  he  was  transferred  to  the  police  department. 
This  position  he  resigned  to  become  a  candidate  for 
the  office  of  city  clerk,  and  had  the  honor  of  being 
the  only  Republican  ever  elected  to  that  office.  At 
the  close  of  his  term  of  office  he  was  appointed 
superintendent  of  streets,  an  office  he  held  for  two 
years.  He  then  established  himself  in  the  real  estate 
business,  on  Flatbush  avenue,  opposite  uliere  he  is 
now  located.  His  busmess  soon  demanded  more  com- 
modious quarters,  and  Mr.  Tate  moved  to  his  present 
ofifice  at  307  to  31  t  Flatbush  avenue.  Mr.  'I'ate  was 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  Wallabout  Market,  and  is 
the  originator  of  the  [ircsent  method  of  street  clean- 
ing. For  eighteen  vears  he  has  been  a  member  of 
the  13th  Regiment,  N.  Cr.,  S.  N.  V.,  as  private  and 
officer.  He  is  an  officer  of  the  Bryant  Literar)' 
Society  and  one  of  the  original  members  of  the 
Montauk  Club.  For  several  years  he  has  been  a 
member  of  the  Republican  General  Committee. 

Another  of   Brooklyn's  well-known   real  estate  men  is  J.  N.  Kali.ey,  who   has  offices  at   211  Montague 
street  and  at  150  Broadway,  New  York.     Born  in  1838,  at  Hyannis,  Cape  Cod,  Mass.,  Mr.  Kalley  received 
a  good  education;  he  left  boarding-school  at  the  age  of  si.xteen  and  came  to  New  York.     He  began  his 
commercial  career  with  a  prominent  shipping  concern  on  South  street.     A  few  years  later  he  entered  the 
same  line  of  business  on  his  own  account,  but  abandoned  it  when  the  Confederate  cruisers  drove  our  com- 
merce from  the  seas.     In  1863,  after  a  year  spent  in 
the  oil  regions,  Mr.  Kalley  established  himself  in  the 
real    estate  business.      His  operations  since  that  time 
have    been    e.xtensive   and    successful.      In    1885,   he 
admitted    Fred.   D.   Kalley  to    partnership,   and    the 
latter  took   charge    of  the  New    ^'ork    office,   at   150 
Broadway.     J.  N.  Kalley  is  a    director  of  the  Brook- 
lyn   Real   Estate   Exchange,    and  is  also  one  of  the 
original   members  of  the  Oxford  Club.     He  was  once 
very  active  in  the  old    Brooklyn  Yacht  Club,  and  still 
spends  a    considerable    portion    of    the     summer    on 
board  his  sloop  "  Truant." 

Sidney  L.  Rowi,-'\nm)  is  one  of  the  pioneers  in 
realty  dealings  in  Brooklyn;  he  engaged  in  the  busi- 
ness as  an  employee  of  Foster  &  Loper  in  1864.  This 
firm,  which  had  offices  at  4  Sands  street,  was  one 
of  four  real  estate  agencies  then  doing  business  in 
this  city.  Mr.  Rowland  was  born  at  Patchogue,  L. 
I.,  in  1843,  and  is  descended  from  a  New  England 
family  that  resided  in  Connecticut  before  crossing 
the  Sound;  his  father  was  a  lawyer.  The  schooling 
of  Mr.  Rowland  was  begun  in  his  native  village  and 
completed  in  New  York.  When  he  entered  the  real 
estate  business  he  began  at  once  to  study  its  princi- 
ples and  their  application  to  all  its  details.  After  he 
had  been  an  employee  for  five  years  he  went  forth 
J.  N.  Kalley.  as  an    independent    agent,  establishing  an  office  on 


REAL    ESTATE    AND    SUBURBAN    DEVELOPMEiNT. 


I J29 


SiuNE>'  L.   Rowland. 


Myrtle  avenue,  on  which  thoroughfare  he  has  re- 
mained through  all  the  years  of  his  business  activity. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Real  Estate  Exchange  and  was 
one  of  the  most  active  in  effecting  its  organization. 
Mr.  Rowland  has  travelled  extensively.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  Stella  Lodge,  Knights  of  Pythias,  and  belongs 
to  the  Ancient  Order  of  Foresters,  and  the  Ancient 
Order  of  United  Workmen;  he  is  a  member  of  Stella 
Lodge,  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  and  was 
one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Odd  Fellows'  Home  at 
HoUis,  L.  L;  he  is  one  of  the  board  of  managers  of 
the  Brooklyn  Medical  Dispensary.  He  has  had  con- 
siderable experience  in  the  political  field.  He  mar- 
ried a  lady  from  Middletown,  N.  Y.,  and  spends  his 
summers  with  his  family  in  a  country  residence  on 
Long  Island. 

Four  generations  of  the  Cruikshank  family,  rep- 
resented in  Brooklyn  by  James  R.  Cruikshank  and  his 
son,  Edward  M.  Cruikshank,  have  been  prominently 
connected  with  the  real  estate  interests  of  New 
York  and  Brooklyn;  and  the  name  represents  high 
character  and  unvarying  success.  James  R.  Cruik- 
shank was  born  in  New  York  city  in  1839,  and  has 
Scotch  blood  in  his  veins.  He  attended  the  public 
schools  until  he  was  fourteen  years  old,  when  he  en- 
tered the  real  estate  office  of  his  uncle,  James  Cruik- 
shank of  New  York.  The  firm  name  was  changed  to  W.  &  E.  A.  Cruikshank  in  '18-65  and  was  again  changed, 
about  ten  years  later,  to  E.  A.  Cruikshank  &  Co.;  Mr.  Cruikshank  maintained  his  connection  with  it  through 
all  the  changes  and  he  still  holds  certain  business  relations  with  it.  He  came  to  Brooklyn  about  five  years 
ago  to  look  after  the  growing  interests  of  the  firm  on  this  side  of  the  river,  and  soon  afterwards  established 
himself  in  his  own  name.  In  1890,  he  took  his  son  into  partnership,  and  under  the  name  of  James  R.  Cruik- 
shank &:  Co.,  they  do  a  general  agency  business  at  1979  Fulton  street;  they  have  charge  of  several  large 

estates  and  do  also  a  general  insurance  business. 
Mr.  Cruikshank  owns  his  own  home  in  Brooklyn.  On 
his  mother's  side  he  is  connected  with  the  Ryerson 
family,  one  of  the  old  Holland  Dutch  families  of 
Long  Island.  Edward  M.  Cruikshank  was  born  in 
Bayonne,  N.  J.,  and  received  his  education  in  the 
schools  there  and  in  Brooklyn.  His  first  business 
experience  was  in  the  assurance  line  with  R.  D.  Alli- 
ger  of  New  York,  whom  he  left  in  1890  to  engage  in 
the  real  estate  business  in  Brooklyn  and  later  as  a 
partner  with  his  father. 

An  energetic  real  estate  dealer  of  Brooklyn,  who 
has  keenly  watched  the  city's  growth,  profiting  mean- 
while by  the  increase  in  property  values,  is  Henry 
Feltman,  whose  office  is  in  the  Arbuckle  Building,  at 
37  I  Fulton  street.  He  was  born  in  New  York  in  1843, 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  subsequently 
studied  law.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1887  in 
Illinois,  where  he  first  engaged  in  practice.  Later,  he 
served  two  terms  as  deputy  sheriff  of  New  York 
County  and  in  1876  he  was  the  deputy  of  Sheriff  ^Albert 
Daggett  of  Brooklyn.  Mr.  Feltman  invested  consid- 
erable capital  in  Florida  property;  he  has  also  figured 
in  some  very  large  transactions  in  this  city  and  in 
Albany.  In  1863  he  was  married,  at  Newburgh,  New 
York,  to  a  lady  of  recognized  literary  attainments  and 
Henry  Feltman.  high  'social   standing.     He  has   travelled  extensively 


II30 


THE    EAGLE   AND    BROOKLYN. 


£^,  oC_-  , 


and  is  fond  of  out-door  relaxation.  He  stands  high 
in  masonry,  and  has  obtained  nearly  all  the  degrees 
of  that  fraternity. 

George  L.  Ayers  was  born  in  New  York  on  Sep- 
tember 9,  1837.  His  father,  an  old  New  Yorker,  had 
been  engaged  in  the  Chinese  trade  for  many  years  and 
was  highly  esteemed  and  respected.  When  the  son 
was  thirteen  years  old  he  was  graduated  from  the 
public  schools  and  worked  for  a  year  as  an  office-boy 
in  the  stationery  establishment  of  Messrs.  Felt  & 
Hosford,  of  New  York.  His  next  position  was  with 
Messrs.  S.  &  T.  Lawrence,  but  five  years  later  he 
became  connected  with  Messrs.  Claflin,  Mellen  &  Co., 
and  remained  with  them  until  1866.  He  then  came 
to  Brooklyn,  and  has  been  actively  engaged  in  the  real 
estate  business  here  ever  since.  His  transactions  are 
mostly  with  private  individuals.  Mr.  Ayers  has  been 
connected  with  the  masonic  order  for  the  past  thirty 
years;  he  has  held  several  offices  m  connection  there- 
with and  is  a  member  of  the  masonic  veterans.  He 
,  married  on  June  20,  1859,  a  member  of  one  of  Brook- 

lyn's old  and  aristocratic  families,  with  whom  he  lived 
happily  until   separated   by   death.      Three    children 
were  the  result  of  this  union,  two  girls   and  one  boy. 
J  In  1S83  he  was  married  a  second  time.     Mr.  Ayers  is 

fond  of  out-door  sports;  he  was  one  of  the  organizers 
of  the  Coney  Island  Rod  and  Gun  Club,  which  was 
established  in  1880,  and  the  secretaryship  of  which 
he  resigned  in  July,  1891. 

As  one  of  the  younger  citizens  of  Brooklyn  who  have    attained    prominence  in   their  special   calling, 
Clarence  B.  Smith,  of  1603  Fulton  street,  enjoys  the  reputation  of  being  a  successful  real  estate  dealer. 
Although  Mr.  Smith  has  been  independently   established  only  a  short  time,  he  is  already  engaged  in  a 
large  general  business  and  represents  several  import- 
ant fire  insurance  companies.     He  was  born  on  Long  -      ■ 

Island  in  1863  and  received  his  early  education  at  the 
public  schools.  He  began  his  business  career  in  the 
notion  house  of  William  H.  Lyon  &  Co.,  in  New  York. 
After  remaining  four  years  with  Lyon  &  Co.,  he  en- 
tered the  real  estate  field  in  Brooklyn  as  a  broker  and 
agent,  and  it  was  not  long  before  he  had  enlarged  his 
business  and  won  his  way  far  enough  to  establish 
himself  at  his  present  location,  and  at  these  head- 
quarters he  has  builded  on  sure  foundations  a  business 
of  handsome  proportions.  His  father  was  of  old 
English  stock  and  was  a  well-known  carpenter  in  the 
city  of  Brooklyn,  where  he  resided  until  his  death. 
His  mother's  family,  bearing  the  well-known  Quevedo 
name,  has  been  of  no  little  celebrity  in  Spain  for 
many  generations.  Mr.  Smith  married  Miss  Annin, 
the  daughter  of  an  engraver  of  this  city;  their  home 
is  in  Brooklyn.  They  spend  their  summers  in  the 
country  at  Mr.  Smith's  old  homestead  at  Seaford, 
Long  Island. 

John  H.  Burtis  is  a  real  estate  dealer  who  early 
recognized  the  advantages  of  Coney  Island  as  a  sum- 
mer resort  and  who  contributed  largely  to  its  devel- 
opment. He  was  born  at  Hoosick  Falls,  Rensselaer 
County,  N.  Y.,  on  September  5,  1S32.  When  four  years 
old,  he   was  taken  to  Salem,  Washington   County,  by  clarence  b.  Smith. 


REAL   ESTATE    AND    SUBURBAN    DEVELOPMENT. 


1131 


his  father.  He  there  attended  the  district  school 
until  he  was  thirteen,  and  then  returned  to  Hoosick 
Falls  to  become  a  pupil  at  an  academic  school  known 
as  Burr  Seminary.  At  the  age  of  fifteen,  he  was 
engaged  by  a  merchant  in  West  Troy  for  a  period  of 
three  years;  but  before  the  expiration  of  the  first 
twelve  months  he  determined  to  acquire  a  collegiate 
education.  He  returned  to  Washington  County  and 
began  to  study  Greek  and  Latin  under  private  tuition, 
earning  his  living  meanwhile  by  working  in  a  factory. 
He  qualified  himself  for  admission  to  the  Cambridge 
Washington  Academy,  at  Cambridge,  N.  Y.,and  thence 
his  next  step  in  educational  life  was  made  as  a 
student  in  the  junior  class  at  Union  College  in  Schen- 
ectady, which  he  entered  when  nineteen  years  old, 
and  from  which  he  was  graduated  with  honors  in  1854. 
Impaired  eyesight  prevented  him  from  devoting  his 
energies  to  a  profession  for  which  he  felt  himself 
adapted,  and  for  several  years  he  managed  a  stove 
and  foundry  business  in  New  York.  Shortly  after  his 
marriage  to  the  daughter  of  Professor  J.  B.  Thomson, 
he  moved  to  Brooklyn.  Mr.  Burtis  was  an  ardent 
and  outspoken  advocate  of  rapid  transit  and  by  nu- 
merous public  speeches  created  a  strong  sentiment  in 
favor  of  elevated  roads.  He  was  one  of  the  organi- 
zers of  the  Brooklyn  Elevated  Railroad  and  for  some 
years  was  its  president.  In  1875  he  was  sent  to 
Albany  as  the  Republican  representative  from  the 
eleventh  assembly  district.  Through  his  instrumen- 
tality the  Coney  Island  and  East  River  Railroad  Company,  afterwards  consolidated  with  the  Brighton  Beach 

Railroad,  was  organized.     He  was  its  first  president.     Mr.  Burtis  opened  a  real  estate  office  at  the  corner 

of  Gates  avenue  and  Broadway,   where  he   now  conducts  business  on  a  broad  scale.     He  belongs  to  the 

Union   League,  the  Riding  and   Driving,  and  Aurora 

Grata  clubs  and  to  the  Twilight  Club  of  New  York.  

He  has  served  as  district  deputy  grand  master  for  the 

third  masonic  district,    under    Grand    Master   J.    J. 

Couch.     For  twenty  years  he  has  lived  in  the  seventh, 

ward.    His  family  consists  of  two  daughters  and  a  son. 
Long  connection  with   the  real  estate  activities 

of  Brooklyn  has  made  Richard  Goodwin  one  of  the 

foremost   representatives    of   that    interest;    he    was 

largely  identified  with   the  growth  of  the  eighteenth 

and  twenty-fifth   wards,  and  was   very  successful  in 

buying  and  selling;  he  has  done  a  thriving  business 

in  other  parts  of  the  city.     Since  childhood  he  has 

been  a  resident  of  Brooklyn,  his  parents  having  come 

to  this  city  from  New  York   in  1852,   when  he   was 

about  a  year  old.     His    father   was  the  late  Charles 

Goodwin  of  the  New  York  firm   of  Goodwin  &  Cort, 

importers  of  metals.     Since  the  death  of  Martin  Kalb-. 

fieisch,  who    was   co-executor  with   him,   of  Charles 

Goodwin's  estate,  Richard   Goodwin  has  been  the  ex- 
ecutor together  with  his   father's  widow.     For  three 

years,  beginning  in  1871,  he  was  engaged  in  the  stove 

business  in  New  York,  in  company  with  John  Durun- 

deon.     He  entered   upon  the  real  estate  business  in 

Brooklyn  in  1874,  establishing  the  firm  of  Goodwin  & 

Phelps,  which  has  built  up  a  large  business.     He  is  a         v 

trustee  of  Evergreens  Cemetery. 


RigHARD  Goodwin- 


132 


THE    EAGLE  AND    BROOKLYN. 


Benjamin   Sturges. 


As  one  who  entered  upon  a  new  field  and  began 
business  amid  novel  surroundings,  Benjamin  Sturges 
of  671  Gates  avenue,  deserves  credit  for  the  success 
which  has  attended  his  speculations  in  the  real 
estate  market  of  Brooklyn.  His  dealings  in  real  es- 
tate have  been  extensive  and  through  his  agency  the 
state  purchased  the  site  of  the  23d  Regiment  armory. 
The  consummation  of  this  bargain  was  one  of  the 
most  important  in  his  experience.  Mr.  Sturges  was 
one  of  the  organizers  of  John  Hancock  Council  No. 
6,  National  Provident  Union;  he  belongs  to  the  In- 
vincible Club  of  the  twenty-third  ward  and  to  the  23d 
Regiment,  N.  G.,  S.  N.  Y.  He  is  fond  of  out-door 
recreation.  He  was  born  in  New  York  in  1868  and 
was  educated  at  a  private  school  in  Connecticut, 
after  which  he  was  graduated  from  Eastman's  Busi- 
ness College  at  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.  Having  spent 
one  year  in  the  employ  of  the  Bowery  Fire  Insurance 
Company  of  New  York,  he  engaged  with  his  father 
in  the  real  estate  and  insurance  business  on  Liberty 
street  and  Broadway.  The  firm  was  known  as  Sturges 
&  Son,  and  existed  for  two  years  when  Benjamin 
Sturges  came  to  Brooklyn  and  began  business  on  his 
own  account  at  his  present  address. 

John  Adamson  is  an  excellent  type  of  a  class  of 
men  who  in  an  unostentatious  way  have  done  much 


towards  giving  to  Brooklyn  her  essential  characteristic  of  a  city  of  homes.  A  prosperous  business  in  the 
manufacture  of  silverware  enabled  him,  at  a  comparatively  early  age,  to  retire  from  active  business  life.  An 
idle  life,  however,  was  far  from  Mr.  Adamson's  idea  of  happiness.  Purchasing  some  eligible  plots  of  land 
lie  erected  several  fine  buildings  thereon  and  very  shortly  what  had  only  been  engaged  in  as  a  pastime 
became  a  large  and  profitable  business.  In  his  time  Mr.  Adamson  has  built  up  many  localities  which  other- 
wise might  have  remained  unimproved  for  some  years  to  come.  He  suspended  building  operations  sev- 
eral years  ago,  but  still  owns  considerable  unimproved 

land.     Mr.  Adamson   was  born  in   New  York  city  on        

May  16,  1819,  on  what  was  then  called  Provost  street, 
but  is  now  known  as  Franklin;  at  that  time  it  was 
one  of  the  most  aristocratic  thoroughfares  in  the  city. 
He  received  his  education  at  a  private  school,  which 
he  attended  for  six  years — an  unusually  long  term  in 
those  days.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Odd  Fel- 
lows, Knights  of  Pythias,  United  Americans  and 
other  similar  organizations.  He  is  a  life  member  of 
the  old  Exempt  Firemen's  Association,  and  also  of 
the  Veteran  Firemen's  Association  of  New  York. 
Notwithstanding  his  advanced  age  he  is  as  straight  as 
an  arrow  and  shows  in  his  active  walk  and  move- 
ments that  he  little  feels  the  weight  of  seventy-three 
years  of  busy  life. 

In  the  development  of  the  upper  portion  of  Brook- 
lyn a  very  active  part  has  been  taken  by  William  W. 
Shumwav.  He  has  handled  a  great  amount  of  real 
estate  and  has  been  exceptionally  successful  in  sales 
of  private  holdings.  Born  at  A\'est  Medway,  Mass., 
in  1830,  he  attended  the  district  school  until  he 
reached  the  age  of  fifteen,  when  he  obtained  employ- 
ment with  the  Amuskeag  Manufacturing  Company, 
which  he  held  for  four  years.  Turning  his  face  toward 
New  York,  he  found  occupation  in  the  metropolis  and  ^ 
at  the  end  of  two  years  entered  into  partnership  with  William  w.  Shumway. 


REAL    ESTATE   AND    SUBURBAN    DEVELOPMENT. 


1133 


William  W.  Grant. 


his  brother  in  the  wholesale  millinery  business. 
The  firm  had  a  trade  second  to  none  in  the  state, 
to  which  eventually  was  added  the  business  of  man- 
ufacturing. About  ten  years  ago  Mr.  Shumway 
abandoned  the  millinery  business  and  became  inter- 
ested in  Brooklyn  real  estate,  locating  himself  at  331 
Summer  avenue,  where  he  still  has  his  headquarters. 
Mr.  Shumway's  ancestry  is  of  French  extraction  and 
the  family  name  is  an  old  and  honored  one  in  New 
England;  on  the  maternal  side  he  is  allied  to  the  dis- 
tinguished Adams  family,  which  gave  to  the  country 
two  of  its  earliest  presidents,  and  in  later  generations 
has  produced  statesmen  and  other  men  of  note.  Mr. 
Shumway  married  a  member  of  an  excellent  family  of 
Haverhill,  Mass. 

William  W.   Grant  is  one   of  the  most  reputa- 
ble real  estate  men  in  Brooklyn  and  has  an  admirably 
appointed  office  in  the  Real  Estate  Exchange  building 
on  Montague  street.     He  is  very  enterprising  and  has 
controlled  some  large  estates.     Mr.  (Irant  was  born  at 
Margaretville,  Delaware  County,  N.  Y.,  in  1853,  and  is 
the  son  of  a  man  who  was  quite  prominent  in  local 
politics,  having  been   elected  and  re-elected  to  the 
office  of  county  clerk  of  Delaware  County.     The  elder 
Mr.  Grant  was  also  president  of  the  Delhi  and  Middle- 
town  Railroad  for  several  years.     The  public  schools 
afforded  William  W.  Grant  his  education  and  after  it  was  completed  he  worked  at  farming  until  his  twenty- 
fifth  year.     Quarrying  blue  stone  was  his  occupation  for  the  next  three  years;  he  was  the  pioneer  of  that 
business  in  the  part  of  the  state  where  he  then  lived.     For  a  short  period  his  attention  was  engaged  by  ath- 
letic sports,  and  then  he  entered  into  a  partnership  with  Richard  Carpenter  to  carry  on  a  real  estate  business, 
the  firm  opening  an  office  on  Bedford  avenue  in  this  city.     Mr.  Carpenter  died  two  years  later  and  Mr. 
Grant  became  senior  partner  in  the  real  estate  firm  of  Grant,  Smith  &  Co.     This  partnership  was  dissolved 
in  its  second  year  and  Mr.  Grant,  a  little  later,  formed 
the  firm  of  Grant  &  Crocker,  which  also  was  dissolved 
in  time.     Mr.  Grant  now  conducts  his  business  alone. 
He  married  in  his  native  place,  his  wife  being  a  mem- 
ber of  one  of  its  oldest  and  most  respected  families. 
Mr.  Grant's  principal  recreation   is  found  in  fishing 
and  hunting. 

Descended  from  a  line  of  American  ancestors, 
but  of  remote  Dutch  extraction,  Abraham  Burtis 
was  born  on  Long  Island,  in  the  year  1829,  and  moved 
to  Brooklyn  in  the  year  1837.  Here  he  attended 
school,  and  received  a  thorough  business  education. 
His  first  employment  was  as  a  clerk  for  Veghte  & 
Bergh,  crockery  dealers  in  New  York.  There  he  re 
mained  ten  years,  until  the  dissolution  of  the  firm 
caused  by  the  retirement  of  Mr.  Veghte.  A  new  firm 
to  carry  on  the  business  was  at  once  organized  under 
the  name  of  Burtis  &  Co.  This  firm  continued  until 
1859,  when  Mr.   Burtis  retired  and  a   new  firm   was  ,^, 

formed,  which  continued  until  1861  and  then  failed. 
Then  Mr.  Burtis  bought  out  his  predecessors  and 
became  the  sole  owner  of  the  business,  which  he  car- 
ried on  for  nine  years.  In  1871  he  disposed  of  his 
business  and  opened  an  office  at  135  Myrtle  avenue, 
Brooklyn,  for  the   management   of  real  estate.     He 

has  taken  much  interest  in  municipal  matters  and  in         ■    -- --     -  • - 

social  and  benevolent  affairs.  Ai!kaham  BuKTrs. 


"34 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 


In  the  development  and  beautifying  of  new  large  sections  of  the  city,  a  leading  part  has  been  borne  by 
Edward  F.  Linton,  notwithstanding  he  is  comparatively  a  newcomer  into  the  real  estate  field.  Having 
accumulated  a  handsome  sum  in  manufacturing,  he  invested  his  capital  in  real  estate  transactions  just  in 
time  to  participate  in  the  new  activity  stimulated  by  the  completion  of  the  elevated  railroads.  He  worked 
zealously  and  contributed  effectively  to  the  project  for  annexing  the  town  of  New  Lots,  creating  the  twenty- 
sixth  ward  and  improving  it.  In  succession  he  secured,  improved  and  marketed  the  Stoothoof,  Schenck, 
Conover,  Wyckoff  and  Linnington  farms.  For  the  purpose  of  developing  the  150  acres  comprising  the  two 
farms  last  named,  the  German-American  Improvement  Company  has  been  organized,  with  Mr.  Linton  as 
president  and  manager.  Edward  F.  Linton  was  born  in  Massachusetts  and  went  from  there  to  the  army, 
with  which  he  served  throughout  the  war.  He  then  settled  in  East  New  York.  He  took  part  in  the  revital- 
ization  of  the  old  Bruff  elevated  road;  in  securing  the  passage  of  Mayor  Chapin's  improvement  bills;  in 
furnishing  bank  facilities  for  the  new  ward  and  establishing  schools — one  of  them,  the  Linton  Kindergarten, 
bearing  his  name.  He  served  on  Mayor  Chapin's  committee  for  considering  the  annexation  of  Brooklyn  to 
New  York  and  on  the  Ninth  Rapid  Transit  Commission,  which  decided  in  favor  of  an  elevated  road  on  Atlantic 
avenue. 


TH0M.4S  A.  Pen'ner  is  a  real  estate  broker  whose  office,  at  85  and  87  Court  street,  is  one  of  the  busiest 
in  Brooklyn.  In  addition  to  his  real  estate  business,  he  represents  several  of  the  leading  insurance  com- 
panies and  is  the  agent  here  for  the  Compagnie  Generale  Transatlantique.  He  has  the  management  of  sev- 
eral large  estates  and  is  reputed  to  do  as  large  a  brokerage  business  as  any  one  in  this  city.  He  was  born 
m  New  York  city  in  1864  and  was  educated  at  the  public  schools  of  Brooklyn;  he  is  of  mingled  English  and 
Irish  blood,  deriving  the  English  from  his  father.  The  early  business  life  of  Thomas  A.  Penner  was  passed 
as  a  clerk  m  the  employ  of  Boyce  &  Smith,  with  whom  he  remained  for  five  years;  then  turning  his  atten- 
tion to  the  the  real  estate  business,  he  was  with  ex-Judge  Ferry  for  one  year,  at  the  end  of  which  he  started 
for  himself  at  the  present  location. 


REAL    ESTATE   AND    SUBURBAN    DEVELOPMENT. 


1135 


Alexander  A.  FoR^rAN  was  born  at  Jonesville,  Mich.,  in  1844  and  after 
studying  in  tlie  district  schools  there,  entered  college.  He  was  graduated 
with  distinction  and  in  1861,  enlisted  in  Company  C,  7th  Regiment  of  Mich- 
igan Infantry,  and  served  for  two  years.  At  the  Battle  of  Fair  Oaks  he 
was  severely  wounded  and  was  sent  home.  It  was  evident  that  he  would 
never  again  be  fit  for  active  service  and  he  accordingly  was  granted  an 
honorable  discharge.  Recovering  his  health  in  a  measure,  he  took  charge 
of  a  set  of  books  for  a  Chicago  lumber  firm,  with  whom  he  remained  two 
years  and  then  went  into  business  for  himself  at  Burr  Oak,  Michigan.  At 
this  time  he  married  a  daughter  of  F.  B.  Case,  Sr.,  an  old  resident  of 
Brooklyn.  Subsequently  he  was  in  the  employ  of  the  Lake  Shore  &  Mich- 
igan Southern  R.  R.,  also  of  the  D.  H.  &  S.  W.  R.  R.,  as  well  as  agent  for 
the  American  Express  Co.  His  connections  with  the  corporations  men- 
tioned lasted  for  about  ten  years  and  then  he  came  to  Brooklyn.  Here  he 
engaged  in  the  real  estate  business  and  has  since  been  identified  with  some 
extensive  transactions.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Erastus  T.  Teft  Post, 
G.  A.  R.,  and  president  of  a  branch  of  the  Epworth  League.  He  enjoys 
life  during  the  summer  in  his  cottage  at  Bensonhurst-by-the-Sea;  he  has  two  sons  and  two  daughters,  one 
son  being  associated  with  him  in  busmess. 


Alexander  A.  Forman. 


BROOKLYN'S    SUBURBS. 

Like  every  great  centre  of  population,  Brooklyn  has  contributed  to  the  prosperity  and  growth  of  many 
suburban  communities,  all  of  which  are  in  a  measure  dependent  upon  the  Long  Island  metropolis  and  to 
which  many,  if  not  all  of  them,  will  ultimately  be  united.  The  days  of  unmethodical  suburban  settlement 
have  passed.  Outlying  villages  and  towns  which  derive  their  sustenance  and  owe  their  existence  to  the 
enterprise  and  needs  of  greater  communities  are  no  longer  suffered  to  grow  to  maturity  in  whatever  man- 
ner chance  may  shape  or  caprice  suggest.  Where  the  prospective  suburbanite  once  bought  his  building 
site  from  a  farmer  who  half  reluctantly  parted  with  a  portion  of  his  ancestral  acres,  and  gave  for  the  pur- 
chaser's money  no  other  equivalent  than  a  piece  of  ground  of  questionable  value,  there  can  be  purchased 
to-day  property  of  the  same  extent,  which  is  supplied  with  all  the  modern  conveniences  calculated  to  enhance 
its  value  in  the  future.  The  wealth  of  a  number  of  millionaires  is  attributable  to  judicious  operations  in 
suburban  realty,  and  to  the  enterprise  of  such  men  is  due  the  existence  of  the  several  beautiful  villages  just 
beyond  the  confines  of  Brooklyn. 


FLATEUSH. 

Of  the  suburban  towns  in  Kings  County  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  important  is  the  town  of  Flatbush, 
lying  embowered  in  its  woodland  beauty  at  the  southeastern  gate  of  the  city.  The  first  deed  of  land  in 
Flatbush  bore  the  date  of  June  6,  1636,  and  was  a  conveyance  from  the  Indians  to  two  Dutch  settlers  of  a 
tract  now  near  the  southern  boundary  of  the  town.  Wouter  Van  Twiller  also  became  possessed  of  lands 
there  at  about  the  same  time,  but  of  these  several  properties  portions  lay  within  the  boundaries  of  Flat- 
lands.  When  Flatbush  procured  a  town  patent  from  the  director  in  165 1,  the  few  houses  it  possessed  were 
clustered  on  either  side  of  the  path  which  led  from  New  Amersfoort  (Flatlands)  to  the  low  hills  at  the 
north.  An  historian  has  stated  that  in  Flatbush  at  this  time,  "  farms  were  laid  out  in  48  lots,  or  tracts  of 
land,  extending  600  Dutch  rods  east  and  west  on  each  side  of  the  Indian-path,  and  having  severally  an 
average  width  of  27  rods."  Of  the  lots  into  which  the  patent  partitioned  the  settlement,  the  centrally 
located  and  most  desirable  ones  were  given  to  the  church  and  the  others  divided  among  the  inhabitants. 
Most  of  the  wooded  lands  on  the  north,  west  and  east  sides  of  the  town  remained  common  property  for 
many  years.  In  the  first  century  of  its  settlement  the  town  indulged  in  petty  squabbles  with  its  neighbor, 
Amersfoort,  over  the  possession  of  the  Canarsie  meadows,  and  these  disputes  were  settled  by  an  appeal  to 
Governor  NicoUs,  whose  survey  of  the  dubitable  territory  resulted  in  the  issuing  of  a  confirmatory  patent  to 
the  town  of  Flatbush  and  fixed  the  title  to  the  meadows  in  its  possession.  In  1670  the  Indian  chieftains 
at  Rockaway  laid  claim  to  the  territory  of  Flatbush,  asserting  that  the  aboriginals  who  granted  the  early 
deed  had  no  right  to  do  so.  Although  the  claim  was  preposterous  and  unfounded,  the  demand  of  the 
Indians  was  satisfied  and  a  new  deed  was  obtained  through  the  payment  of  a  valuable  consideration.  In 
this  document  the  boundaries  and  area  of  Flatbush  were  for  the  first  time  definitely  announced  as  "  all 
that  said  parcel  of  land  where  the  said  town  of  Midwout  (Flatbush)  stands,  together  with  all  the  lands 
lying  therein,  stretching  on  the  east   side  to  the   limits  of  Newtown  and  Jamaica,  on  the  south  side  to 


T136  THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 

the  meadow  t^round,  and  limits  of  Amersfoort;  on  the  west  side  to  the  bounds  of  Gravesend  and  New 
Utrecht,  and'on  the  north  side  along  the  Hills;  that  is  to  say  all  the  lands  within  the  limits  above  men- 
tioned." Boundary  disputes  subsequently  arose  with  Brooklyn  and  Newtown,  the  quarrel  with  the  latter 
involving  the  title  to  a  portion  of  the  lands  included  within  the  limits  of  New  Lots,  which  had  not  yet 
attained  local  independence  and  still  formed  a  part  of  Flatbush.  No  change  is  found  in  the  boundaries  or 
internal  features  of  Flatbush  topography  from  1654  until  1834;  in  the  latter  year  Gerrit  L.  Martense  pur- 
chased a  plot  of  land  extending  one  thousand  feet  along  East  Broadway  and  filed  a  map  of  thirty-eight  lots 
in  the  register's  office  on  September  i,  1834;  he  also  opened  two  streets,  Erasmus  and  Johnson.  In  1835 
Adrian  Vanderveer's  farm  on  the  east  side  of  Flatbush  avenue  was  surveyed  into  city  lots,  and  Vernon  and 
Bedford  avenues,  Lott,  Prospect,  Lawrence,  Franklin  and  Clinton  streets  were  laid  out.  In  1865  and  1867 
more  farms  were  cut  up  into  building  sites  and  more  new  streets  opened. 

The  villages  of  Pakkville  and  Windsor  Terrace,  which  now  form  a  portion  of  the  town,  were  laid 
out  in  1S51  and  1852  upon  either  side  of  the  road  leading  from  Brooklyn  to  Coney  Island,  which  passed 
through  the  western  section  of  Flatbush.  Parkville,  which  until  1870  was  known  as  Greenfield,  was  laid  out 
in  1851  on  si.xty-seven  acres  of  land  which  the  United  Freeman's  Association  had  bought  from  Johnson 
Tredwell.  To  this  property  they  added  the  Ditmas  farm  in  1852;  making  a  total  acquisition  of  one  hun- 
dred and  fourteen  acres,  for  which  they  paid  an  average  price  of  $500  per  acre.  In  1853  streets  were  laid 
out  and  graded  and  many  other  public  improvements  followed,  until  in  the  course  of  years  Parkville  became 
one  of  the  most  attractive  suburbs  of  Brooklyn.  It  was  in  1851  that  Robert  Bell  purchased  a  tract  of  land 
on  the  Coney  Island  road,  not  far  from  the  city  line.  The  property  had  originally  belonged  to  John 
Vanderbilt.  Mr.  Bell  subsequently  conveyed  his  holdings  to  Fldward  Belknap,  who  ran  several  streets 
through  it  and  cut  it  up  into  building  lots.  In  1853,  1855,  and  again  in  i860,  land  speculation  in  Windsor 
Terrace  received  a  decided  impetus  through  the  enterprise  of  a  private  individual;  in  i860  land  values  in 
that  locality  amounted  to  $27,100  and  in  1880  they  aggregated  $105,055.  Since  then  they  have  greatly 
increas.ed. 

Ken-sinc;ton,  which  was  established  a  few  years  ago  largely  through  the  enterprise  of  certain  Brook- 
lynites,  lies  on  either  side  of  Ocean  Parkway,  between  the  villages  of  Parkville  and  Windsor  Terrace;  it 
contains  a  score  of  handsome  villas  and  has  pleasant  natural  surroundings.  In  1892  real  estate  in  Flatbush 
was  assessed  at  $10,008,068. 

Adrian  Vanderveer,  since  the  death  of  his  father  seven  years  ago,  has  been  the  most  prominent  scion 
of  a  family  which  has  been  conspicuous  in  the  annals  of  Flatbush  since  the  middle  of  the  seventeenth 
century.  The  name  is  traceable  back  to  Cornells  Janse  Vanderveer,  who  emigrated  to  this  country  from 
Alkmaer,  a  province  in  the  north  of  Holland,  and  settled  in  Flatbush,  in  1659,  on  a  farm  purchased  from 
Jan  Janse.  The  present  Adrian  Vanderveer  is  a  son  of  Adrian  and  Maria  Louisa  Vanderveer,  who  before 
marriage  was  a  Miss  Gosman  of  Newtown,  L.  I.  He  conducts  the  real  estate  business  founded  by  his  father, 
whose  successor  he  became  in  1885.  His  office  is  on  Flatbush  avenue,  corner  of  Linden  Boulevard.  He 
was  born  on  Vernon  avenue,  Flatbush,  on  October  17,  1862,  and  began  his  studies  at  the  Erasmus  Hall 
Academy.  In  1878  he  matriculated  at  the  University  of  the  City  of  New  York  and  remained  a  student 
there  during  the  ne.xt  two  years.  He  then  entered  business  life,  becoming  first  employed  by  the  Hanover 
Fire  Insurance  Company,  a  position  which  he  left  to  accept  an  offer  made  by  Leonard  Moody,  with  whom  he 
remained  until  the  demise  of  his  father.  Mr.  Vanderveer  is  a  staunch  Republican  and  in  the  fall  of  1886 
was  elected  to  the  office  of  assessor,  his  name  being  on  both  the  Republican  and  Citizens'  tickets.  He  served 
for  three  years  ami  won  honest  commendation  from  all;  during  the  last  year  of  his  term  he  was  president 
of  the  board  of  assessors.  On  January  14,  1S86,  Mr,  Vanderveer  married  Helen  B.  Peck;  their  home  is  on 
the  corner  of  Avenue  A  and  East  Nineteenth  street,  Flatbush. 

As  an  amateur  floriculturist,  William  Brown  of  Flatbush  has  a  more  than  local  distinction.  In  1862 
he  purchased  his  present  residence  on  Flatbush  avenue  and  ten  years  ago  he  added  to  his  property  the 
adjoining  premises  of  Dr.  John  Robinson.  On  the  land  thus  acquired  Mr.  Brown  has  erected  magnificent 
conservatories  which  are  filled  with  the  rarest,  most  beautiful,  and  costly  specimens  of  plants;  the  collec- 
tion includes  palms,  ferns  and  orchids  of  every  variety  known  to  floriculture.  The  conservatories  are  sur- 
rounded by  ten  acres  of  lawn,  where  a  level  expanse  of  velvety  sward  constitutes  a  pretty  setting  to  beds 
of  various  colored  flowers  and  shrubs  laid  out  in  intricate  and  artistic  designs.  The  grounds  are  shaded 
by  stately  trees,  and  from  the  gate  on  Flatbush  avenue  is  a  driveway  more  than  one  hundred  yards  in 
length,  lined  by  a  double  row  of  firs  and  leading  to  the  handsome  Ionic  dwelling  in  which  Mr.  Brown 
resides.  His  son  lives  on  the  same  grounds,  in  a  cottage  constructed  in  the  Queen  Anne  style.  William 
Brown  was  born  on  December  4,  1828.  Two  years  later  his  family  moved  to  Brooklyn,  where  Mr.  Brown 
lived  until  he  transferred  his  residence  to  the  other  side  of  the  city  line.  He  evinces  an  active  interest  in 
the  municipal  affairs  of  Flatbush,  and  succeeded  in  securing  the  necessary  legislative  sanction  to  important 
local  improvements.     He  is  now  treasurer  of  the  street  and  sewer  commission,  established  as  a  result  of  his 


REAL    ESTATE   AND    SUBURBAN    DEVELOPMENT. 


1137 


Greenhouses  or  William   Brown,  Flatbush. 

efforts.  He  was  recently  appointed  one  of  the  commissioners  to  plan  the  details  of  the  proposed  "  shore 
driveway  "  from  Bay  Ridge  to  Fort  Hamilton.  Three  years  ago  Mr.  Brown  was  offered  the  Democratic 
nomination  for  congress  from  the  second  district  of  Kings  County,  but  declined  owing  to  illness  in  his 
family. 

FLATLANDS. 

The  town  of  Flatlands,  which  adjoins  Flatbush  and  lies  along  the  northwesterly  shore  of  Jamaica  Bay, 
includes  about  nine  thousand  acres.  It  was  earliest  known  as  New  Amersfoort,  a  name  that  after  a  time 
gave  way  to  the  present  designation,  and  was  originally  descriptive  of  all  the  low  lands  extending  east- 
ward from  the  Narrows  to  the  borders  of  the  English  settlement  at  Hempstead.  The  first  record  of  land 
purchase  in  this  locality  appears  on  June  16,  1636,  when  two  Dutch  settlers  bought  from  the  Lidians  a 
tract  of  land  lying  partly  in  Flatlands  and  partly  within  the  present  boundaries  of  Flatbush.  The  limits  of 
this  property,  as  defined  in  old  patents  and  deeds,  embraced  the  western  portion  of  the  present  town  begin- 
ning at  the  eastern  boundary  line  of  Gravesend  and  including  something  more  than  two  thousand  acres. 
Although  Flatlands  enjoyed  municipal  privileges,  it  has  never,  except  in  name,  risen  above  the  dignity  and 
measurement  of  a  farming  settlement.  In  1683  the  acres  of  land  under  cultivation  numbered  1,661.  For  a 
century  prior  to  the  Revolution,  Flatlands  continued  in  the  usual  tenor  of  every  prosperous  agricultural 
community;  its  inhabitants  extended  their  territory  by  further  purchases  towards  Canarsie  until  their 
lands  almost  equalled  the  present  area  of  the  town.  The  termination  of  Great  Britain's  quarrel  with  her 
colonies  made  no  great  difference  to  these  stolid  Dutch  farmers  who,  like  their  brethren  in  general  all  over 
Long  Island,  had  furnished  only  individual  instances  of  active  sympathy  with  either  of  the  contending 
parties.  Flatlands  of  to-day  has  nearly  four  thousand  acres  under  cultivation  and  holds  the  title  to  several 
islands  in  Jamaica  Bay,  including  Bergen  Island,  Ruffle  Bar  and  the  odoriferous  Barren  Island.  It  also 
includes  the  village  of  Canarsie.     In  1892  Flatlands  real  estate  was  valued  at  $1,553,851. 


GRAVF.SF.ND. 

Although  one  of  the  earliest  settled  portions  of  Kings  County,  the  town  of  Gravesend  owes  its  present 
prom.inence  mainly  to  the  enterprise  which,  during  the  last  quarter  of  a  century,  has  created  within  its 
bounds  the  most  popular  sea-side  resort  on  the  continent— Coney  Island.  Besides  the  village  of  Gravesend 
proper  and  Coney  Island,  the  town  includes  the  villages  and  settlements  of  Sheepshead  Bay,  Unionville, 
King's  Highway,  Gravesend  Beach,  Gravesend  Neck,  Woodlawn,  South  Greenfield   and  a  part  of  Washing- 


113S  THE   EAGLE   AND   BROOKLYN. 


ton.  With  the  exception  of  the  first  named,  none  of  these  are  particularly  important.  In  1S92  Gravesend 
real  estate  was  valued  at  $4,065,037.  A  topographical  survey  of  the  township  shows  a  triangular  superfice; 
on  the  south  the  base  of  this  area  rests  upon  the  Atlantic,  on  the  north  its  apex  touches  Flatbush,  on  the 
east  and  west  it  is  bounded  respectively  by  the  town  of  Flatlands  and  the  town  of  New  Utrecht.  Intersected 
by  numerous  avenues  of  rapid  transit  and  possessing  exceptional  facilities  for  easy  communication  with  the 
great  cities  to  the  north,  Gravesend  of  late  has  become  a  favorite  suburban  resort.  Like  Rhode  Island 
and  IMassachusetts  it  was  originally  settled  by  those  to  whom  conscientious  scruples  had  rendered  a  home 
elsewhere  impossible,  and  curiously  enough  the  doctrines  which  were  responsible  for  the  founding  of  the 
city  of  Providence  were  the  same  which  led  to  the  population  of  Gravesend  by  the  whites.  Lady  Deborah 
Moody,  a  disciple  of  Roger  Williams,  who  was  excommunicated  in  Massachusetts  because  she  refused  to 
believe  in  the  necessity  of  infant  baptism,  came  to  New  Amsterdam  in  1643,  and  was  granted  a  patent  for 
land  whereon  she  and  her  associates  established  the  foundations  of  the  town  of  Gravesend.  Two  individ- 
uals had  been  granted  land  patents  in  that  locality  two  years  before  Lady  Moody's  advent,  but  her's  is 
beyond  all  question  the  first  attempt  at  a  regular  settlement.  A  town  patent  was  first  issued  in  1645  and 
confirmed  in  1670  and  in  1686;  the  last  confirmatory  patent  was  issued  by  Governor  Dongan  in  1686  and 
defined  the  limits  of  the  village  with  a  special  clearness.  The  village  was  divided  into  four  great  squares  and 
sub-divided  into  forty  "sections,"  or  plantations.  In  partitioning  the  land  among  the  patentees  there  was 
a  distinction  made  in  several  instances  in  favor  of  certain  individuals,  who  like  Lady  Moody,  were  granted  a 
"bowery,"  which  contained  a  number  of  acres  of  upland  and  meadow;  the  smaller  grants  averaged  a  few 
acres  each.  Early  records  show  that  there  was  some  genuine  activity  in  land  dealing  among  these  early 
settlers  and  their  immediate  descendants.  During  the  first  fifty  years  of  Gravesend's  existence,  real  estate 
was  sold  and  exchanged  with  considerable  frequency,  but  it  was  not  until  1647  that  the  meadow-land  which 
separated  the  village  from  the  sandy  beaches  to  the  south  was  regularly  divided  among  the  inhabitants. 
Theretofore  it  had  been  held  in  common,  each  patentee  having  been  entitled  to  a  certain  portion,  which 
however  was  scarcely  ever  defined  with  any  degree  of  exactness.  In  1657  and  again  about  twelve  years 
later,  there  were  two  more  divisions  of  land  in  Gravesend,  which  had  been  organized  as  a  town  in  1646. 
The  first  census  of  the  town  was  taken  in  1675,  and  from  the  statistics  then  collated  we  find  that  the  acres 
of  upland  and  meadow  amouted  to  nine  hundred  and  thirty-two.  Eight  years  later  the  area,  presumably 
that  under  cultivation  or  in  use  as  pasture,  had  increased  to  1,356  acres.  For  more  than  a  century  after- 
wards the  records  of  Gravesend  show  but  a  meagre  increase  in  population,  although  the  taxable  real  estate 
had  been  augmented  to  a  considerable  extent;  in  1789  the  land  in  possession  of  the  inhabitants  aggregated 
three  thousand  and  seventy-nine  acres;  this  territory  was  divided  among  forty-two  persons.  The  idea  of 
the  original  settlers,  who  purposed  that  Gravesend  should  become  a  seaport  rivalling  that  on  Manhattan 
Island,  was  found  impossible  of  realization  from  various  causes,  chief  of  which  was  the  shallowness  of  the 
water  in  Gravesend  Bay,  which  prevented  the  entrance  of  large  craft. 

Situated  in  the  southeasterly  section  of  the  town  of  Gravesend  is  the  thriving  village  of  Sheepshead 
Bay,  which  dates  its  settlement  from  the  early  decades  of  the  present  century.  It  derives  its  name  from 
the  estuary  of  the  sea  which  lies  between  Coney  Island  and  the  mainland.  About  sixty  years  have  passed 
since  what  was  a  fishing  village  first  attracted  the  attention  of  city  people,  and  then  it  began  to  be  occasion- 
ally patronized  by  those  who  wanted  a  fish  dinner  or  a  clam  chowder.  A  hotel  was  erected  and  was 
quickly  followed  by  another,  but  the  first  appreciable  increase  in  the  territorial  growth  of  Sheepshead  Bay 
did  not  occur  until  1877,  when  the  Emmer  farm  of  fifty  acres,  situated  on  the  shores  of  the  bay,  was  divided 
into  building  lots  and  disposed  of  by  public  auction;  other  farms  were  similarly  cut  up  and  building  opera- 
tions assumed  unwonted  activity.  Lincoln  Beach,  at  the  eastern  extremity  of  the  village,  was  developed 
into  a  summer  resort  for  wealthy  suburbanites,  and  the  first  cottage  was  erected  there  in  1878.  Land  in 
this  section  of  the  village,  which  could  not  at  one  time  be  sold  for  the  low  price  of  $100  an  acre,  has  during 
the  last  decade  been  disposed  of  for  $6,000  per  lot.  The  village  contains  nearly  four  hundred  dwellings, 
besides  churches,  post-ofiice,  stores,  markets,  and  hotels,  and  has  a  larger  permanent  population  than  any 
other  portion  of  the  town. 

The  relation  which  Coney  Island  sustains  to  the  metropolitan  district  is  too  well  known  to  require 
any  very  specific  definition.  There  every  class  and  condition  of  society  finds  congenial  recreation.  The 
man  of  wealth  may  enjoy  the  semi-exclusiveness  of  Manhattan  Beach,  while  his  poorer  neighbor  is  supplied 
with  the  thousand  and  one  cheaper  forms  of  relaxation  for  which  West  Brighton  has  long  been  famous. 
It  represents  an  enormous  investment  of  capital,  and  its  transient  population  in  summer  places  it  on  a 
level  with  the  greatest  centres  of  human  activity.  The  island  lies  at  the  entrance  to  New  York  bay,  about 
seven  miles  due  south  from  the  Battery,  and  is  geographically  separated  from  the  rest  of  Gravesend  by  a 
half  natural,  half  artificial  waterway  which  connects  Sheepshead  and  Gravesend  bays.  It  is  less  than  five 
miles  long  and  its  width  varies  from  a  few  hundred  feet  to  three  quarters  of  a  mile.  While  undeveloped 
by  speculation  it  consisted  simply  of  marshland,  meadows,  and  stretches  of  drifted  sand,  along  which  the 


REAL    ESTATE   AND    SUBURBAN    DEVELOPMENT. 


1139 


ocean  broke  in  musical  cadences  beneath  the  touch  of  the  summer  breeze,  or  dashed  in  anger  under  the 
sting  of  winter  gales.  Passing  over  the  early  apportionment  of  the  island,  for  grazing  and  other  jiurposes, 
among  the  original  settlers  of  Gravesend,  and  the  succeeding  years  prior  to  and  succeeding  the  Revolution, 
until  the  middle  of  the  present  century,  we  find  little  of  interest  in  the  history  of  Coney  Island  until  1844, 
when  Messrs.  Eddy  &  Hart,  two  New  York  speculators,  erected  what  was  known  as  the  "  Pavilion  "  on 
Coney  Island  Point  at  the  westerly  end  of  the  island.  Bathing-houses  and  other  adjuncts  of  a  seaside  resort 
sprang  up  in  close  proximity  and  the  locality  soon  became  generally  known  under  its  present  designation 


Residence  of  John  Y.  McKane,  Gravesend. 

of  Norton's  Point.  One  or  two  hotel  enterprises  were  undertaken  with  varying  success  and  a  steam  rail- 
road and  a  horse-car  line  were  established  between  the  island  and  Brooklyn.  In  1868  William  A.  Engeman 
acquired  a  considerable  section  of  Coney  Island  real  estate,  built  the  Ocean  Hotel  and  developed  other  por- 
tions of  the  locality.  The  building  of  the  first  of  the  Culver  railroad  hues  was  another  factor  in  hastening 
the  growth  of  the  place;  then  followed  the  opening  of  Ocean  Parkway  and  the  construction  of  its  unlucky 
offshoot,  the  once  famous  but  now  ruined  Concourse.  With  the  increase  of  railroad  facilities,  the  West 
End,  or  West  Brighton  as  it  is  indifferently  termed,  became  essentially  the  popular  seaside  resort  of  New 
York  and  Brooklyn.  It  attracted  all  classes  and  the  catholic  nature  of  its  hospitality  and  entertainment 
becomes  more  marked  year  after  year.  It  is  connected  with  the  other  divisions  of  the  island  by  railways  and 
stages.  It  is  regularly  laid  out  into  city  blocks,  and  the  streets,  with  the  exception  of  Surf  avenue,  which 
follows  along  the  line  of  the  beach,  are  straight  and  well  graded.  The  principal  features  which  charac- 
terized West  Brighton  have  not  been  duplicated  at  other  seaside  resorts  in  this  country.  They  are  mdig- 
enous  to  the  locality.  There  the  famous  "iron  pier"  stretches  its  skeleton  framework  along  the  sands 
and  outward  into  the  tide;  there  stand  gigantic  hotels  and  concert  gardens,  which  in  their  management 
show  a  peculiar  adjustment  of  European  ideas  to  American  prejudices.  There  are  railway  depots,  where 
during  certain  hours  of  the  day  and  night  the  volume  of  passenger  traffic  excels  that  m  any  of  the 
great  stations  of  the  world;  there  are  immense  bathing  pavilions;  there  are  architectural  peculiarities  such 
as  the  iron  observatory  and  the  famous  "  Elephant  "  hotel.  Though  visited  roughly  by  fire  on  more  than 
one  occasion,  lastly  in  the  winter  of  1892,  West  Brighton  has  steadily  maintained  its  prosperity,  and  during 
the  hot  days  of  July  and  August  not  infrequently  contains  a  diurnal  population  of  one  hundred  thousand 
persons.  Brighton  Beach,  or  the  middle  division  of  Coney  Island,  lies  about  half  way  between  the  West  End 
and  Manhattan  Beach.  It  is  reached  by  the  Brooklyn  and  Brighton  Beach  Railroad,  which  controls  the 
entire  property  including  the  Hotel  Brighton,  the  chief  feature  of  this   portion  of  the  island.     1  here  is  a 


1 140 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


\ 


Charles  K.  Stillwell. 


large  concert  pavilion  at  Brighton,  now  occupied  by  a  reilitary  band,  but  formerly  devoted  to   the  use   of 
Seidl's  orchestra.     Manhattan  Beach,  the  most  easterly  and  most  exclusive  section  of  Coney  Island,  has  an 
ocean  frontage  of  over  two  miles.     It  is  connected  with  Brighton  by  a  railway,  which  runs  across  the  few 
hundred  yards  of  sand  and  sedge  intervening  between  the  two  localities.     It  has  two  immense  hotels,  the 
Manhattan   Beach  and  the  Oriental,  both  of  which  are  extensively  patron- 
ized by  wealthier  and  more  fashionable  classes.     A  large  concert  pavilion  ' 
is  situated  in  close  proximity  to  the  Manhattan  Beach  Hotel,  and   a   huge 
fireworks  enclosure  is  near    by.     There  are   spacious  lawns,  fronting  both 
hotels,  and  covering  the  interval  between    them  there   is  a  huge  bathing 
pavilion  for  general  use,  and  a  smaller  one  for  the  accommodation  of  the 
guests  of  the  Oriental,  which  is  situated  near  the  edge  of  Sheepshead  Bay; 
there  are  two  long  promenades  skirting  the  beach,  and  there  are  stretches 
of  paved  walks  connecting  all    portions  of  the  property.     The  Manhattan 
Beach  Hotel  is  a  wooden  structure,  three  and  four  stories  in  height  and 
about   five  hundred   feet  in   length.     Its  architectural  characteristics  are 
not  easily  specified,  but  it  is  an  excellent  example  on  a  large  scale  of  the 
prevalent    type  ui   seaside  hotel.     It  is  surrounded    on  three  sides   by  a 
spacious  piazza,  a  great  portion  of  which  serves  as  an  open  air  dining  place. 
About  three  hundred  yards  further  east  lies  the  Oriental  Hotel,  a  huge  struc- 
ture, the  massiveness  of  which  is  relieved  by  the  graceful  features  which 
mark  the  architecture  of  the  orient.      It  is  pinnacled  and  turreted  at  every 
available    point,  and    like    its    neighbor,    the    Manhattan    Beach    Hotel, 
IS    partially  surrounded   by  an   immense   piazza.     Its  accommodations  are  of  the   most    luxurious  descrip- 
tion, and  the  air  of   reserve,  which    is  maintained   in    relation  to  all  its  appointments,  renders  it  a  favorite 
resort  of  those  who  desire  exclusiveness,  all  of  which  bring  thousands  of  visitors  throughout  the  season. 

The  importance  of  Gravesend  is  materially  enhanced  in  spring,  summer  and  autumn  by  the  attractions 
of  the  three  great  race  tracks,  the  Brooklyn  Jockey  Club  course  near  Gravesend  village,  the  course  of  the 
Coney  Island  Jockey  Club  at  Sheepshead  Bay,  and  that  of  the  Brighton  Beach  Racing  Association  at 
Brighton  Beach,  all  of  which  bring  thousands  of  visitors  throughout  the  season. 

The  chief  official  of  Gravesend  and  the  leader  to 
whom  the  people  look  with  unquestioning  faith  is 
John  Y.  McKane,  whose  biography  appears  in  the 
chapter  on  Political  Life.  His  sway  is  absolute,  yet 
he  is  regarded  with  respect  and  affection,  and  he  is 
recognized  by  all  as  the  one  to  whom  most  of  the  im- 
provements of  the  town  are  due.  He  is  the  president 
of  the  town  board,  of  the  police  board,  the  water 
board  and  the  health  board;  he  is  the  chief  of  police, 
the  representative  of  the  town  in  the  Kings  County 
board  of  supervisors.  He  is  the  arbiter  of  disputes, 
the  friend  of  the  aggrieved  and  the  benefactor  of 
the  poor.  As  a  building  contractor  Mr.  McKane  has 
constructed  the  majority  of  the  hotels  and  other 
houses  on  Coney  Island  and  a  large  percentage  of 
those  in  the  several  villages  of  the  town. 

Filling  the  position  of  collector  of  the  town  of 
Gravesend,  Charles  E.  Morris,  since  his  election  in 
the  fall  of  1891,  has  performed  his  duties  in  a  thorough 
and  efficient  manner.  Mr.  Morris  was  born  at  Grave- 
send, on  November  21,  1858.  His  paternal  ancestors 
for  some  generations  have  been  natives  of  that  town, 
being  direct  descendants  of  the  famous  Gouverneur 
Morris.  For  five  years  young  Morris  attended  the 
public  school  in  his  native  town,  and  subsequently, 
public  school  No.  10,  in  Brooklyn,  where  he  was  grad- 
uated in  1876.  He  then  became  identified  with  the 
Knickerbocker  Ice  Company,  and  in  a  very  short  time 
was  placed  in  charge  of  the  business  of  that  corpora- 
tion at  Coney  Island.     This  position  he  retained  for 


REAL    ESTATE    AND    SUBURBAN    DEVELOPMENT. 


1 141 


many  years.  He  has  been  an  active  member  of  the 
John  Y.  McKane  Association  ever  since  its  organiza- 
tion, and  for  the  past  four  years  he  has  been  a  dele- 
gate to  the  Democratic  General  Committee,  from 
Gravesend.  Since  1887  he  has  been  clerk  to  the  board 
of  health  of  Gravesend,  and  from  the  beginning  of 
1892,  of  the  street  improvement  and  town  boards. 
He  was  one  of  the  commissioners  appointed  to  super- 
intend the  grading  and  construction  of  Surf  avenue. 
He  is  secretary  to  Atlantic  Hook  and  Ladder  Com- 
pany of  the  Coney  Island  fire  department,  and  is 
president  of  the  Atlantic  Gun  Club. 

Charles  Rushmore  Stillwell,  the  postmaster 
of  Gravesend,  was  appointed  to  that  office  on  Febru- 
ary 20,  1890  He  was  born  on  October  13,  1854,  at 
Gravesend;  his  earlier  education  was  gained  in  the 
public  schools  of  Gravesend;  subsequently  he  attended 
public  school  No.  9  in  Brooklyn  until  he  was  fourteen 
years  old  and  then  went  to  work  for  his  father  on  the 
farm.  Here  he  continued  for  some  years,  finally  be- 
ginning business  as  a  florist  at  King's  Highway.  In 
January,  1890,  he  purchased  a  grocery  business  near 
the  town  hall,  Gravesend,  and  his  success  has  been 
beyond  his  most  sanguine  expectations.  Mr.  Stillwell 
is  an  independent  Republican.  He  was  formerly  a 
member  of  the  Gravesend  Republican  Association 
and  has  served  as  a  delegate  to  two  district  conven- 
tions. He  is  greatly  interested  in  musical  matters 
and  is  chorister  of  the  Reformed  Church  of  Gravesend. 

For  fifteen  years    John   L.  Voorhies  has  been 


town  clerk  of  Gravesend,  and  for  seven  years  he  has 
filled  the  responsible  post  of  commissioner  of  invest- 
ment. He  was  born  at  Gravesend,  on  January  21, 
1832.  At  the  little  red  schoolhouse  on  Gravesend 
Neck  road  he  received  such  instruction  as  was  gen- 
erally imparted  in  those  days,  and  early  in  his  teens 
engaged  in  the  pursuit  of  farming.  In  1877  he  was 
elected  town  clerk;  he  ran  as  an  independent  candi- 
date, but  received  the  votes  of  both  Democrats  and 
Republicans.  The  term  of  office  was  then  only  one 
year,  and  he  was  re-elected  each  succeeding  year,  until 
1880,  when  the  term  was  increased  to  three  years.  In 
January,  1885,  he  was  appointed  to  serve  an  unexpired 
term  of  two  years  as  commissioner  of  investments 
for  the  monies  derived  from  the  sales  of  common 
lands  at  Gravesend.  Upon  the  expiration  of  the  term 
mentioned,  the  supervisors  appointed  Mr.  Voorhies 
to  the  position  of  town  treasurer  and  town  clerk,  the 
term  expiring  on  June  19,  1893.  He  is  a  staunch 
Democrat,  and  serves  his  party  well  by  serving  the 
community  well,  but  does  not  affiliate  with  any  polit- 
ical organization. 

Captain  Hen'ry  R.  Williams,  one  of  the  assessors 
for  the  town  of  Gravesend,  was  born  on  November  22, 
1840,  in  New  York  city,  but  his  parents  moved  to 
Brooklyn  when  he  was  nine  years  old.  He  attended 
one  of  the  public  schools  until  he  was  fifteen,  when  he 
engacred  in  the  printing  business.  He  worked  as  a 
printer  until  the  civil  war  began,  and  in  the  spring  of 
1861  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  14th  Regiment.    His 


II42 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 


attention  at  all  times  to  his  duty  and  his  bravery  in  the  field  soon  won  him  the  approbation  of  his  supe- 
riors, and  he  passed  rapidly  through  the  different  grades  until  he  attained  the  rank  of  first  lieutenant  in 
1862.  In  January,  1863,  he  served  as  acting  assistant  inspector-general  of  a  brigade,  in  the  First 
Army  Corps,  and  thence  was  transferred  to  the  command  of  the  Balloon  Corps  of  the  Army  of  the  Poto- 
mac.    While  serving  on  the  staff  of  Major-General   French,  3d  Army   Corps,  he  was   severely  wounded  in 

the  leg,  near  Culpepper  Court  House;  when  convalescent,  he  was  transferred  to  fhe  Veteran  Reserve  Corps, 

and  thence  to  the  45th  U.  S.  Infantry,  finally  retiring  from  the  service  in  187 1.  He  then  took  up  his  resi- 
dence in  Buffalo,  remaining  there  until  1S86,  when  he  removed  to 
Gravesend  and  began  to  deal  in  real  estate.  Four  years  ago  he  was 
appointed  to  fill  an  unexpired  term  of  one  year  as  a  member  of  the 
board  of  assessors,  and  subsequently  was  reappointed  for  a  further  period 
of  three  years.  Captain  Williams  was  president  for  two  years  of  the 
Republican  Association  of  Gravesend,  of  which  he  is  now  the  secretary; 
he  was  a  delegate  to  the  national  Republican  convention,  at  Minneapolis, 
in  1892,  and  to  the  New  York  State  Convention.  He  is  connected  with 
Long  Island  Post,  G.  A.  R.,  and  with  Coeur-de-Leon  Encampment, 
Knights  of  Malta. 

Jaques  S.  Stryker,  justice  of  the  peace  for  the  town  of  Gravesend, 
is  a  direct  descendant  from  the  old  Van  Strycker  (Stryker)  family. 
William  S.  Stryker,  adjutant-general  of  New  Jersey  state  militia,  says,  in 
his  genealogy  of  the  family:  "The  Strycker  family  is  of  remote  antiq- 
uity in  Holland.  All  the  several  branches  of  the  family  in  the  United 
States 
are  de- 
rived directly  from  this  old  Dutch  parentage. 

Certain  parts  of  the  family  have  been  seated 

near    The    Hague    for   over    eight    hundred 

years,   and    another    line     near     Rotterdam. 

From  Motley's  history  of  the  Dutch  Repub- 
lic we  learn  that  one    Herman  Strycker,  a 

monk,  who  had  abjured  Romanism,  created, 

in  the   year    1562,  a  wide-spread    revival  uf 

religion  among  the  masses  of  Holland.    Mrs. 

Charles,  in  her  '  Deliverers  of  Holland,'  gives 

considerable    account    of   his    labors.       His 

eloquence  drew  thousands  to  listen  to  him, 

and  it  is  said  he  preached  to  fifteen  thousand 

men  inarms  during  the  vice-royalty  of  Alva. 

In  the  pedigree  of  the  family  fourteen  de- 
scents are  given  in  Holland  up  to  1791.  Sev- 
eral years  ago  the  late  Judge  James  Stryker, 

of   Erie  County,  N.  Y.,  also  Indian  agent  to 

the  Si.\  Nations,  and  a  prominent  Democratic 

politician    and     journalist,    obtained    from 

Holland  the  coat  of  arms  of  the  family,  and 

much   of   the    interesting    information    here 

given  concerning   it.    .   .     There  is  a  legend 

in  the  family  that  during  the  twelfth  century 

the  brothers  by  this  name  were  very  clannish 

and    constituted  a  strong    body    of    valiant 

men,  able  and  ready  to  defend  their  rights 

with    their    own   good   swords.     A  jealousy 

of  the  most   bitter  kind  broke  out  between 

them  and   another   family  equally  renowned 

for   prowess   in    combat.       On   one   occasion 

the  Van  Strycker  family  received  an  invita- 
tion to  a  great  feast  at  which  it  was  proposed  to  come  to  some  final  settlement  of  the  feud  which  existed 
between  these  rival  parties.  They  accepted,  at  the  same  time  suspecting  some  treachery.  The  secret 
was  discovered   beforehand  and  a  plan  arranged  to  meet  it.      The  feast  began  and  in  the  middle  of   it  the 


J^^*''^*'^^!--^^^*:::!^^ 


REAL    ESTATE   AND    SUBURBAN    DEVELOPMENT. 


1 143 


servants  of  the  host  placed  upon  the  table  three 
boars'  heads.  This  was  the  signal  agreed  upon  for 
the  extermination  of  the  Van  Strycker  family.  They, 
howover,  rallying  quickly  at  a  certain  portion  of  the 
room,  were  terrible  when  they  acted  thus  on  the 
defensive,  and  turned  the  plot  with  deadly  effect 
upon  their  opponents.  This  tradition  has  come  down 
through  the  family,  and  may  account  for  the  boars' 
heads  which  appear  upon  the  coat  of  arms." 

In  the  middle  of  the  seventeenth  century  Jan 
and  Jacobus  Van  Strycker  received  from  the  states- 
general  of  the  Netherlands  a  grant  of  land  in  the  col- 
ony of  New  Amsterdam,  upon  condition  that  they 
took  out  with  them  to  America  twelve  other  families 
at  their  own  expense.  This  grant  was  dated  in  Jan- 
uary, 1643,  but  it  does  not  appear  that  the  offer  was 
finally  acted  upon  until  eight  years  afterward,  and 
then  the  younger  brother.  Jacobus,  came  to  this 
country,  Jan  following  one  year  later,  in  1652.  The 
latter  was  a  man  of  unusual  education  and  ability, 
and  his  history  shows  him  to  have  been  prominent 
in  both  civil  and  religious  matters.  He  was  thrice 
married,  and  remained  in  New  Amsterdam  a  little 
over  a  year  after  his  arrival  there.  In  1654  he  was 
instrumental  in  founding  the  Dutch  colony  on  Long 
Island,  called  Midwout,  or  Middlewoods,  the  modern 
name  of  which  is  Flatbush.  In  the  same  year  he 
was  chosen  chief  magistrate  of  the  colony,  a  position 
which  he  held  for  twenty  years.  He  was  the  father  of  eight  children,  every  one  of  whom  lived  to  adult 
age  and  married;  he  saw  his  sons  settled  on  valuable  plantations  and  occupying  positions  of  influence 
in  the  community,  and  his  daughters  married  into  the  families  of  the  Brinckerhoffs,  the  Berriens  and 
the  Bergens.  He  died  in  the  year  1697,  when  he  was  a  little  over  eighty  years  of  age.  The  othei 
brother,  Jacobus  Gerritsen  Van  Strycker,  his  full  name,  or  Jacob  Strycker,  as  he  seems  to  have  generally 
written  it,  was  a  younger  brother  of  Jan's,  and  came  from  the  village  of  Ruinen  in  the  province  of  Drenthe 
of  the  United  Provinces,  to  New  Amsterdam,  in  the  year  165 1,  and  he  seems  to  have  filled  no  less  impor- 
tant stations  of  trust  and  honor  among  the  colonists  of  those  early  days  than  his  elder  brother.  He  dealt 
largely  in  real  estate  on  Manhattan  Island,  some  of 
which  remains  in  the  family  to  this  day.  "Striker's 
Bay  "  was  the  shore  front  of  the  bowery  or  farm.  He 
also  owned  a  plot  of  land  of  considerable  size  on  what 
is  now  known  as  Exchange  place.  He  was  a  "  great 
berger  "  of  New  Amsterdam  for  several  years,  and  at 
one  time  subscribed  two  hundred  guilders  to  keep  off  the  Puritan  colonists  of  New  England  and  the 
unfriendly  Indians.  About  the  close  of  the  year  1660  he  removed  to  New  Amersfoort,  now  Flatlands, 
Kings  County,  where  his  son  Gerrit  lived,  and  he  seems  to  have  alternated  between  New  Amersfoort 
and  New  Amsterdam,  according  to  Church  records.  On  the  i8th  of  August,  1673,  he  became  schout, 
or  high  sheriff,  of  all  the  Dutch  towns  on  Long  Island.  He  and  his  brother  Jan  were  delegates  to  the 
convention  on  March  26,  1674,  to  confer  with  Governor  Clove  on  the  state  of  the  colony.  He  engaged 
in  farming  and  traded  with  the  Indians.  He  was  a  gentleman  of  considerable  means,  of  much  official 
influence,  and  of  decided  culture.  He  died  October,  1687,  and  left  two  children,  a  son  and  daughter.  Both 
of  these  Holland  Dutchmen  were  connected  with  our  earliest  history,  and  seem  to  have  taken  a  lively 
interest  in  the  welfare  of  its  colonists. 

Justice  Jaques  S.  Stryker,  who  is  proud  of  his  Dutch  ancestry,  was  born  on  August  18,  1836,  in  the 
old  homestead  at  what  is  known  as  King's  Highway,  Gravesend.  This  homestead  was  originally  pur- 
chased in  1692,  by  Gerrit  Strycker,  who  was  the  only  son  of  Jacobus  Gerritsen  Van  Strycker,  or  Jacob 
Strycker,  and  a  peculiar  condition  of  the  deed  of  conveyance  was  that  the  second  payment  on  it  should 
be  made  "  when  the  leaves  begin  to  fall."  Justice  Stryker  now  resides  on  a  part  of  the  property  then 
purchased.  His  mother  was  a  descendant  of  the  Stillwell  family,  also  of  Gravesend.  He  was  sent  to 
Erasmus  Hall,  Flatbush,  and  finally  finished  his  schooling  at  Fergusonville  Academy,  Delaware  County,  N.  Y. 


^^a^t^jJ~^^^i  < 


/a^ 


i,_i^  THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 

In  1S59  he  wtnt  west,  t„  Kendall  County,  III,  where  he  married  Miss  Mary  M.  Cook,  a  daughter  of 
Charles  Cook;  but  circumstances  which  he  could  not  control,  together  with  h.s  wife's  ill  health,  caused 
him  to  return  in  1863.  He  then  obtained  a  position  on  the  metropolitan  police  force  just  three  weeks 
before  the  occurrence  of  the  draft  riots,  in  the  suppression  of  which  he  took  part  under  Inspectors  Car- 
penter and  Folk  He  belon-ed  to  the  central  office  squad  of  Brooklyn  under  Acting  Sergeant  Daniel 
Jones,  and  was  detailed  by  the  police  commissioners  for  special  duty  to  the  office  of  the  health  officer  of  the 
city  of  Brooklyn  as  a  special  officer,  serving  during  the  epidemic  of  cholera  in  1866,  and  remaining  on 
the  police  force  until  1S6.S.  when  he  became  a  United  States'  store-keeper  for  the  customs.  Four  years 
later   he    was    removed    by   Chester    A.  Arthur,    who    was    then    the    collector   of  the   port,   because    of 


the  reduction  of  the  staff  of  store  keepers  on  taking  off  the  war  tariff.  He  was  shortly  afterward 
appointed  assistant  clerk  to  the  Kings  County  board  of  supervisors,  a  position  which  he  held  for  thirteen 
years.  Some  eight  or  nine  years  ago  he  was  elected  a  justice  of  the  peace,  and  is  now  serving  his  third 
term.  His  first  wife  having  died,  he  married  Anna  J.  De  Nyse,  a  daughter  of  Richard  De  Nyse  of  King's 
Highway,  Gravesend,  whose  ancestors,  under  the  name  of  "Nyssens,"  which  was  then  their  name,  emi- 
grated from  ISinnick  in  the  province  of  Utrecht,  prior  to  1638,  to  New  Netherlands.  Justice  Stryker  has 
always  been  a  warm  advocate  of  local  improvements.  He  \s,cx-i}fficii>,  a  member  of  several  of  the  local  town 
boards,  which  control  the  public  improvements.  In  many  ways  Justice  Stryker  has  rendered  his  fellow- 
citizens  willing  and  acce|itable  service,  notably  in  the  drafting  of  local  laws  for  his  town  and  county,  and 
in  the  organization  of  what  is  known  as  the  Impromptu  Charitable  Relief  Association  of  his  town.  He 
is  a  charter  member  of  Covenant  Lodge,  F.  and  A.  M.  He  has  represented  his  town  in  the  Republican 
General  Committee  continuously  for  twenty  years  or  more. 

Although  Justice  Kexneth  F.  Sutherland  is  a  young  man — he  was  born  on  March  27,  1863 — his 
fellow-citizens  three  years  ago  recognized  his  abilities  and  merits  by  electing  him  a  justice  of  the  peace 
for  a  term  of  four  years.     His  services  on  the  bench    since  his  election  have  signally  confirmed  the  public 


REAL   ESTATE   AND   SUBURBAN    DEVELOPMENT. 


1 145 


estimate  of  his  efficiency.  He  has  grown  in  the  popular  esteem  and  confidence.  He  is  a  school  trustee, 
foreman  of  the  hook  and  ladder  company,  (a  position  which  he  has  filled  for  three  years);  police  commis- 
sioner, president  of  the  John  Y.  McKane  Association,  president  of  the  Gravesend  Democratic  Association, 
member  of  the  Coney  Island  Athletic  Club,  member  of  the  board  of  health  and  of  the  town  board.  Jus- 
tice Sutherland  is  a  native  of  New  York.  His  mother,  who  was  born  in  Ireland,  is  still  living,  and  resides 
at  Coney  Island;  but  his  father,  who  was  of  Canadian  descent,  died  about  sixteen  years  ago.  When  he 
was  quite  young,  Justice  Sutherland's  parents  moved  to  Brooklyn.  When  eleven  years  old  Kenneth  left 
school  and  began  to  earn  his  own  living.  In  1879,  he  went  to  Coney  Island  as  a  special  police  officer,  in 
which  capacity  he  served  for  one  year.  He  was  then  appointed  to  the  regular  force  and  acted  thereon  for 
another  twelve  months.  In  1884  he  was  elected  to  fill  an  unexpired  term  of  three  years  as  constable  of 
the  town  of  Gravesend;  he  was  afterwards  renominated  and  elected  for  a  further  term  of  five  years.  He 
had  only  served  two  years  of  this  term  when  he  was  elected  a  justice  of  the  peace  for  four  years. 


New 


^MWivj 


By  virtue  of  his  office  as  a  justice  of  the  peace  for  the  town  of  Gravesend,  Richard  Van  Brunt 
...,/TON  is  a  member  of  the  board  of  health,  town  improvement  board,  and  board  of  police  commis- 
sioners, in  all  of  which  capacities  he  has  faithfully  served  the  town  since  1884.  Justice  Newton  was  born 
in  the  first  ward  of  Brooklyn  on  March  4,  186  r.  His  grandfather,  Yost  Van  Brunt,  after  whom  he  was  named, 
was  the  first  person  to  run  a  public  stage  within  the  limits  of  what  then  comprised  the  city  of  Brooklyn, 
the  route  being  from  Fulton  ferry  to  the  present  site  of  South  ferry.  Justice  Newton  s  ather,  who  was 
born  in  Allen  street.  New  York,  died  in  .873;  but  his  mother,  who  is  descended  from  the  old  and  well-known 
Long  Island  family  of  Van  Brunts,  still  resides  with  her  son  at  Coney  Island.  \  oung  Newton  s  early 
education  was  received  in  Brooklyn  at  public  schools  Nos.  7,  8  and  9  ;  also  the  Juvenile  High  School,  and 
later  at  Browne's  Business  College.     Upon  leaving  the  latter  institution   he  began  the  study  of  law  in  th? 


1 146 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


ofifice  of  Place  &  Harward,  and  after  creditably  and  successfully  passing  his  examinations,  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  at  the  May  general  term  of  the  supreme  court  in  the  year  1882  at  Poughkeepsie.  He  began  the 
practice  of  his  profession  at  Gravesend,  and  in  the  spring  of  1884  was  elected  a  justice  of  the  peace  for  that 
town;  in  1888  he  was  reelected  for  a  further  term  of  four  years,  a  mark  of  public  confidence  which  was 
repeated  in  1S92.  In  the  fall  of  1886  he  was  nominated  and  elected  a  member  of  the  state  assembly  from  the 
twelfth  district  of  Kings  County;  and  was  reelected  the  following  year.  Prior  to  his  becoming  a  member 
of  the  legislature,  the  bill  providing  for  the  annexation  of  the  township  of  New  Lots  to  Brooklyn  as  well  as 
the  bond  bill  accompanying  it,  had  been  unsuccessfully  introduced  no  less  than  nineteen  times.  Justice 
Newton,  nothing  daunted,  reintroduced  the  bill  with  ultimate  success.  As  secretary  of  the  Gravesend 
Democratic  Association,  Judge  Newton  has  done  much  towards  advancing  the  interests  of  the  party  to 
which  he  belongs.  He  is  unmarried.  He  is  a  stockholder  in  the  Kings  County  Hygiene  Ice  Company,  as 
well  as  its  secretary  and  a  member  of  the  board  of  directors. 


\, 


^^  J^^^i^fcrAm-d^^U 


Stephen  Stryker  Williamson  has  for  many  years  been  a  prominent  and  active  member  of  the  Graves 
end  board  of  health  and  has  engaged  in   numerous  private  enterprises,  which  have  advanced   the  interests 
of  the  town.     Mr.  Williamson  was  born  in  the  old  family  homestead  at  Gravesend  on  June  24,  1840      Both 
his  father  and  mother  and  his  ancestors  for  many  generations  were  natives  of  that  place,  and  the  farm  now 
occupied  by  Mr.  Williamson  is  intact  to-day   just  as  it  first   came  into  the  possession  of  the  family  in 
166s      Mr.  Wdhamson  s  education  was  received  at  Erasmus  Hall,  Flatbush.     At  that  institution  he  remainea 
unt,    he  was  nineteen  years  of  age,  when  he  joined  his  father  in  farming.     He  was   occupied   with  agricul 
tural  Pur-.ts  for  about  fifteen  years,  and  then  retired  from  active  business,  but  still  resides  at  the  old  farm 
house.     Mr  \\,ll,amson  married,  in   1861,   Miss  Eleanor   Hubbard,  of  Red   Bank,  N.  J.     He  has  been   an 
active  member  of  the  Gravesend  Benevolent  Association  since  its   organization,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
John  Y.  McKane  Association,  the  Gravesend   Hook  and  Ladder  Company  and  Stella  Lodge,  F   and  A   M 


REAL    ESTATE   AND  SUBURBAN    DEVELOPMENT. 


1 147 


Politically,  he  is  a  Democrat,  and   during  all   his  life 
he  has  been  prominent  in  the  councils  of  his  party. 

A  comparatively  young  man  who  for  a  number 
of  years  has  been  identified  with  public  affairs  at 
Sheepshead  Bay  and  Gravesend  is  Justice  William 
J.  Gladding,  of  the  former  place.  He  has  lived  in 
Sheepshead  Bay  more  than  fourteen  years.  He  was 
born  in  New  York,  on  June  15,  1843,  and  received 
his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  that  city.  He 
began  active  life  in  1861,  engaging  in  photography, 
and  originating  the  specialty  of  selling  collections  of 
photographed  celebrities.  He  remained  in  this  busi- 
ness for  some  years,  and  then  became  a  partner  in  the 
Greenpoint  Straw  AN'orks,  with  which  he  was  con- 
nected until  1878.  During  these  years,  Mr.  Gladding 
was  a  frequent  contributor  to  the  public  press,  both 
as  a  writer  and  as  an  artist,  his  productions  in  the 
latter  line  being  often  seen  in  the  comic  periodicals 
of  the  day.  After  a  residence  often  years  at  Sheeps- 
head Bay,  he  became  private  secretary  to  Chief 
McKane,  and  when  Daniel  Lake  was  appointed 
United  States  marshal,  Mr.  Gladding  was  made  dep- 
uty. When  Alexander  Walker  was  made  United 
States  marshal,  Mr.  Gladding  continued  his  connec- 
tion with  this  office.  In  April,  1891,  he  was  elected 
a  justice  of  the  peace.  He  took  his  seat  upon  the 
bench  of  the  second  precinct  police  court  on  the 
first  of  January,  1892.  He  is  treasurer  of  Friendship 
Engine  Company,  of  the  Sheepshead  Bay  fire  depart- 
ment, vice-president  of  the  Henry  Osborne  Independent  Association,  and  is  a  regular  contributor  to  the 

Kings  County  Journal.     He  is   a   member  of  Franklin 

Lodge  of  Odd  Fellows  and   of    Fortitude   Lodge,  F.  ; 

and  A.  M.  \ 

Dr.  R.  L.  Van  Kleek,  the  present  medical  officer 

to  the  Gravesend  board  of  health,  has  held  that  posi- 
tion ever  since  that  body  was  organized  in  1880.    Dr. 

Van  Kleek  was  born  at  Berne,  Albany  County,  N.  Y., 

on  March  21,  1839,  but  when  he  was  four  years  old  his 

father  and  mother  removed    to  Flatbush.     There  he 

became  a  pupil  in  the  famous  Erasmus  Hall  Academy. 

In    September,    1855,    he    entered    the     New    York 

University  and  was  graduated  in  June,  1858;  he  was 

made  Master  of  Arts  in  1861.     He  began  his  medical 

studies  at  the  New  York  University  in  1859,  and  was 

graduated  in  1862.     The  following  twelve  months  he 

spent  on  the    staff   of    the   Kings  County    Hospital. 

Dr.  Van  Kleek  left  the  hospital  in  August,  1863,  and 

settled  at  Gravesend,  where  he  began  private  practice 

as  a  physician  and  surgeon.     From   1869  until   1889 

Dr.  Van  Kleek   was    postmaster    of  Gravesend,  and 

from  1889  until  the  present  time  has  been  physician  to 

the  Health  Home  at  Coney  Island. 

The  Stillwell  family  is  an  honored  one  in  Graves- 
end, where  some  of  its  members  have  resided   ever 

since  the  first  settlement   of  the    town  ;    and  all  of 

them,  in  some  manner  or  other,  have  been   identified 

with    the    progress   and    well-being    of     the    place. 

Abraham  Emmens  Stillwell   is    a  lineal  descend- 
ant, on  his  father's   side,    of    Nicholas  Stillwell,    an 


'(t^-<^    w^^^U^ 


1148 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 


^j4- 


Englishman  who  came  from  Hull,  by  way  of  Ley- 
den,  somewhere  about  the  year  1638,  and  settled  on 
Manhattan  Island.  He  remained  there  for  some  years; 
but  finally  removed  to  Staten  Island,  where  he  died 
in  1671.  Mr.  Stillwell's  mother  was  an  Emmens,  her 
grandfather  being  a  Dutch  preacher  named  Schoon- 
maker.  Abraham  E.  Stillwell  was  born  in  Gravesend, 
on  August  22,  1832,  and  attended  the  public  school 
in  his  native  village  until  he  reached  the  age  of  four- 
teen years.  Subsequently  he  was  a  pupil  for  three 
years  at  Flatbush  Hall  Academy.  Leaving  school,  he 
made  an  attempt  to  make  a  living  by  teaching  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  but  soon  returned  to  Gravesend  and 
worked  for  a  few  years  on  his  father's  farm.  With  the 
exception  of  a  brief  interval,  he  attended  strictly  to 
the  pursuit  of  agriculture  until  1864.  In  that  year  he 
started  in  the  second-hand  and  commission  business 
on  Grand  street,  Brooklyn,  and  subsequently  engaged 
in  the  second-hand  lumber  business,  on  Thirty-eighth 
street,  New  York.  This  venture  did  not  prove  suc- 
cessful and  once  more  he  returned  to  Gravesend. 
He  was  appointed  se.\ton  of  the  town  graveyard,  and 
incidentally  with  his  duties  united  the  business  of  an 
undertaker.  In  i860  he  built  the  house  where  he  now 
resides.  Mr.  Stillwell  has  been  twice  married,  first  in 
1839  and  again  in  1887.  The  present  Mrs.  Stillwell 
occupies  a  prominent  position  in  Gravesend  society. 
For  twenty-five  years  or  more  Mr.  Stillwell  has  been 
a  member  of  Franklin  Lodge  of  Odd  Fellows,  and  healso  belongs  to  the  Sheepshead  Bay  fire  department  and 
the  John  Y.  McKane  Association;  he  is  now  a  Democrat,  though  formerly  prominent  in  Republican  circles. 

NEW    UTRECHT. 

In  area  the  town  of  New  Utrecht  is  one  of  the  most  important  of  the  county  towns.  It  contains 
about  eight  square  miles  and  includes  within  its  limits  the  villages  and  settlements  of  New  Utrecht,  Bath 
Beach,  Fort  Hamilton,  Bay  Ridge,  Bensonhurst,  Blythebourne,  Lefferts  Park,  Mapleton,  Bath  Beach  Junc- 
tion, Ardmore,  Van  Pelt  Manor,  and  portions  of  Unionville  and  West  Brooklyn.  It  occupies  the  south- 
western corner  of  the  county  and  has  a  shore  line  extending  from  Sixtieth  street  along  the  Narrows  to 
Fort  Hamilton,  and  thence  along  Gravesend  Bay  to  the  western  boundary  of  Gravesend.  The  first  set- 
tler there  was  one  Antony  Jansen  Van  Salee,  who  in  1643  received  a  grant  of  two  hundred  acres  within  the 
western  limits  of  the  village  of  Unionville.  In  January,  1657,  there  were  nineteen  patents  for  fifty  acres  each, 
issued  to  as  many  individuals.  These  patents  represented  lands  in  what  was  locally  known  as  the  "  Nyack 
tract,"  which  faced  the  shore  of  the  Narrows.  The  name  New  Utrecht  was  early  bestowed  upon  the  place 
from  its  primitive  settlers;  at  first  the  settlement  grew  slowly,  and  it  was  not  until  December  22,  1661,  that 
a  town  charter  was  granted.  New  Utrecht  was  little  affected  by  the  several  transitions  from  Dutch  to 
English  rule,  and  vice  versa,  nor  was  its  growth  in  any  way  hastened  or  retarded  by  the  progress  and  out- 
come of  the  revolutionary  war.  In  the  course  of  its  history  the  title  to  its  territory  has  been  secured  by 
three  or  more  different  purchases  from  the  Indians  and  it  has  been  accorded  six  government  patents,  all 
embracing  substantially  the  same  territory.  In  1675  its  assessment  books  showed  the  valuation  of  prop- 
erty as  ^2,852  10  s.  From  the  twenty  settlers  who  were  counted  within  the  town  limits  in  1647,  the  popu- 
lation had  increased  in  the  next  century  to  three  hundred;  in  1880  it  had  reached  4,742;  in  1890  the  census 
figures  were  9,129.     In  1890  the  real  estate  in  the  town  was  valued  by  the  assessors  at  $5,274,047. 

On  the  shores  of  the  lower  bay,  where  it  makes  a  wide  sweep  inland  from  Fort  Hamilton  eastward 
towards  Coney  Island,  and  receives  the  name  of  Gravesend  Bay,  is  Bensonhurst-by-the-Sea,  an  ideal  settle- 
ment, the  creation  of  which  marked  an  era,  important  and  entirely  new,  in  the  suburban  development  of 
Brooklyn,  It  is  in  the  township  of  New  Utrecht,  and  constitutes  its  southern  section  and  boundary.  It  is 
about  two  miles  beyond  the  city  line  at  Bay  Ridge  and  six  miles  from  the  Brooklyn  Bridge.  It  comprises 
about  three  hundred  and  fifty  acres. 

Usually  suburban  districts  develop  by  degrees,  very  slowly  and  without  design;  improvements  are 
introduced  when  the  demand  becomes  too  pressing  to  be  ignored.     Localities  form  themselves  in  haphazard 


1 150  THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 

manner,  so  that  factories  and  homes  may,  perchance,  nestle  side  by  side  until  the  full-grown  s 
becomes  a  sort  of  hodge-podge   of  civilization.     The   modern  idea  of  mapping  out  an   entire   r 
locality,  arranging  for  streets,  walks,  houses,  sewers,  gas,  etc.,  all  before  the  first  shovelful  of  earth  is    urne 
has  inaugurated  a  new  tendency   which  promises  some  Utopian  results  in  the  future      At  this  writing       n- 
sonhurst-by-the-Sea  represents  the  high-water  mark  of  ideas  and  accomplishment,  and  stands  as   a  model 
for  future  creators  of  suburban  settlements. 

The  land  where  the  picturesque  streets  and  homes  of  Bensonhurst  now  are,  was  a  few  years  ago  furrowed 
by  the  ploughshare  and  browsed  over  by  cattle.  Its  transformation  is  due  to  James  D.  Lynch,  who 
purchased  the  old  Benson  farm  in  1887,  and  created  the  Bensonhurst  of  to-day.  The  neighborhood  was 
historically  interesting.  Here,  generations  ago,  had  been  reared  the  homesteads  of  old  Dutch  settlers,  like 
the  Bensons  and  others  whose  names  have  become  indelibly  associated  with  the  place  and  who  have  left 
their  memorials  in  both  the  written  and  the  unwritten  history  of  the  state.  It  was  here  that  sixteen  thou- 
sand British  troops  and  Hessian  mercenaries,  under  the  protecting  muzzles  of  a  frigate's  guns,  effected 
their  landing  on  the  morning  before  the  battle  of  Long  Island.  The  old  King's  Highway,  which  still  winds 
tortuously  along  the  northern  boundary  of  Bensonhurst,  was  the  road  over  which  they  passed  from  the 
shores  of  the  bay  to  the  scene  of  the  conflict  within  sight  of  the  village  of  Brooklyn. 

The  idea  which  prompted  Mr.  Lynch  to  undertake  the  establishment  of  this  model  suburban  village 
was  not  merely  the  hope  of  personal  advantage  and  remuneration,  which  is  the  incentive  of  so  many  similar 
projects,  but  a  plan  which  in  its  consummation  would  afford  an  equal  advantage  to  all  who  were  in  any 
way  associated  with  its  success.  Bensonhurst  was  founded  upon  a  broadly  comprehensive  design  evolved 
after  a  careful  study  of  the  manifold  advantages  with  which  nature  had  endowed  the  locality.  This  design 
was  e.xecuted  in  the  most  complete  fashion  possible,  and  to  accomplish  this  the  assistance  of  the  best 
engineering  and  architectural  skill  available  was  invoked.  It  was  proposed  that  the  place  should  afford  a 
place  of  residence  to  about  one  thousand  families,  and  that  those  who  settled  there  should  find  surroundings 
replete  with  every  natural  and  artifical  convenience. 

As  soon  as  the  purchase  of  the  land  was  effected  a  large  force  of  laborers  was  engaged  under  compe- 
tent direction  to  lay  out  the  proposed  village.  For  three  years  their  work  progressed  towards  completion 
with  the  result  that  fourteen  miles  of  streets  were  graded,  twenty-eight  miles  of  sidewalks  laid,  and  as  many 
miles  of  fences  built.  Gas  and  water  pipes  also  had  been  laid,  five  thousand  shade  trees  and  masses  of 
ornamental  shrubbery  had  been  planted;  a  post-office,  telegraph  and  telephone  stations,  a  livery  stable, 
public  hall,  stores,  and  more  than  one  hundred  dwellings,  costing  from  $3,000  to  $10,000  each,  had  been 
erected.  The  village  also  afforded  the  convenience  of  a  railway  station  and  opportunities  for  intellectual 
and  physical  culture  were  presented  by  a  branch  of  the  Brooklyn  Library,  and  by  baseball  and  tennis  ' 
grounds.  In  order  that  the  projected  improvements  in  the  locality  might  be  carried  out  on  a  scale  com- 
mensurate with  the  importance  of  the  original  idea,  special  legislation  became  a  necessity,  and  in  1889  a  law 
was  passed  at  Albany  permitting  the  introduction  of  sewerage  facilities.  During  the  following  year 
another  bill,  having  received  executive  sanction,  provided  for  the  establishment  of  a  commission  for  the 
purpose  of  selecting  a  public  park  site.  The  cedar-crested  bluff  on  the  shore  of  the  bay,  behind  which  the 
model  village  lies,  was  appropriated  for  the  park,  and  thus  the  residents  of  Bensonhurst  are  assured  that 
the  view  of  the  ocean  and  the  natural  beauties  of  the  shore  never  shall  be  destroyed.  In  1892  the  legisla- 
ture was  again  invoked  for  aid  in  the  further  development  of  Bensonhurst,  and  an  act  was  passed  altering 
the  name  of  Twenty-second  avenue  to  Bay  Park  Way,  and  placing  it  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Brooklyn 
park  commissioner,  thereby  establishing  an  unbroken  boulevard  between  Prospect  Park  and  Bensonhurst 
Park.  Architecturally,  Bensonhurst  is  an  inspiration.  No  arbitrary  rules  have  been  established  regarding 
the  style  or  cost  of  contemplated  dwellings,  but  certain  judicious  regulations  provided  against  the  erection 
of  structures  that  would  lend  a  suggestion  of  unsightliness  to  an  otherwise  pleasing  aspect.  Nuisances  of 
all  kinds  are  also  jealously  guarded  against  and  their  intrusion  rendered  an  utter  impossibility.  For  this 
purpose  well-devised  restrictions  are  maintained;  one  of  these,  established  in  perpetuity,  insists  that  no  one 
shall  build  nearer  the  street  line  than  ten  feet,  thus  conferring  upon  every  thoroughfare  an  appearance  sim- 
ilar to  that  presented  by  Clinton  avenue  in  Brooklyn.  Other  restrictions  are  limited  in  their  operative 
power  to  a  period  of  sixteen  years,  when  it  is  expected  that  the  character  of  the  neighborhood  will  have 
become  sufficiently  well  established  to  justify  their  withdrawal.  All  the  streets  are  well  graded  and 
macadamized,  and  have  been  laid  out  on  the  same  lines  of  extension  as  the  streets  in  this  city  The  drives 
and  walks  are  shady  and  pleasant.  Ocean  Parkway,  that  most  magnificent  of  driveways,  is  readily  accessi- 
ble and  can  be  reached  from  Bensonhurst  by  way  of  Twenty-second  avenue,  which  intersects  it  about  mid- 
way in  its  course  between  Prospect  Park  and  Coney  Island. 

The  houses,  representing  every  suitable  style  of  modern  suburban  architecture  are  situated 
withm  easy  distance  of  the  station  of  the  Brooklyn,  Bath  &  West  End  Railroad,  and  by  this  method  of 
transit,  or  by  the  electric  cars  in  connection  with  Thirty-ninth  street,  only  forty  minutes  of  travel  divide 


LT:t 


Some  Bensonhurst  Residences. 


1 152  THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 

Bensonhurst  from  the  southern  extremity  of  New  York.  The  distance  intervening  may  be  covered  at  a 
pecuniary  e-\penditure  of  ten  cents.  The  conveniences  which  have  made  Bensonhurst  popular  as  a  place  or 
residence  will  be  still  further  augmented  by  increased  facilities  of  land  and  water  transit,  among  which  the 
proposed  extension  of  the  elevated  railroad  system  is  one  of  the  most  important.  These  opportunities  for 
ready  access  to  metropolitan  centres  have  greatly  developed  that  tendency  which  is  continually  moving  the 
more  desirable  portion  of  an  urban  population  towards  the  freer  and  less  confined  surroundings  of  the 
suburbs,  and  there  is  no  more  attractive  journey  after  a  hard  day's  work  than  that  which  carries  the  wearied 
business  man  from  the  turmoil  of  New  York  and  Brooklyn  to  the  cool  and  quiet  fields  that  overlook  the 
waters  of  the  lower  bay.  In  its  sanitary  qualifications  the  locality  stands  unrivalled.  The  gravel  which 
underlies  the  soil  would  insure  the  most  perfect  method  of  natural  drainage,  even  though  there  were  no  com- 
prehensive system  of  sewerage  such  as  there  is.  E.xcellent  water  is  supplied  by  the  Kings  County  Water 
Supply  Company.  The  winds  which  cool  Bensonhurst  in  summer  never  visit  it  roughly  in  the  winter 
months,  owing  to  the  sheltered  nature  of  the  lower  bay,  so  that  those  who  reside  there  may  experience  all 
the  attractive  features  of  seaside  life  during  one  half  the  year  and  avoid  its  unpleasant  characteristics  dur- 
ing the  other.  The  future  of  Bensonhurst  is  assured  by  the  conditions  which  have  made  its  present  prosper- 
ity a  reality.  Ten  years  hence  its  population  will  have  increased  and  its  attractiveness  will  be  doubled,  but 
its  characteristics  as  a  place  of  residence  will  remain  unchanged.  Coming  improvements  will  be  in  keeping 
with  the  details  of  the  original  design.  To  the  more  than  one  hundred  and  fifty  dwellings  already  built, 
others  are  being  constantly  added,  and  each  new  purchaser  finds  his  building  site  in  a  condition  for  imme- 
diate occupancy.  The  neighborhood  is  well  supplied  with  churches  and  schools,  and  of  the  local  institu- 
tions which  have  gained  a  foothold  there  are  the  New  York  Canoe  Club,  the  Bensonhurst  Yacht  Club, 
Bensonhurst  Tennis  Club  and  the  Bensonhurst  Club.  With  the  lapse  of  time  and  the  extension  of  improve- 
ments will  come  a  rise  of  land  values  which  is  bound  to  advantageously  affect  those  who  have  alread}' 
invested  their  money  in  that  locality  and  who  have  found  there  that  happy  combination  of  conveniences 
which  only  such  a  community  can  offer. 

Adjoining  Bensonhurst  on  the  west  is  the  attractive  suburban  settlement  of  Bath  Beach,  where  many 
wealthy  people  own  summer  cottages.  This  locality  is  in  all  respects  a  model  suburban  community  and  is 
a  possible  resort  for  those  who  are  addicted  to  yachting  and  other  forms  of  marine  recreation.  Northeast 
of  Bath  Beach  lies  the  village  of  New  Utrecht,  which  contains  several  hundred  houses,  a  few  of  which  still 
display  the  characteristics  of  colonial  and  pre-colonial  architecture.  Here  stands  the  town  hall,  a  spacious 
structure  of  substantial  design.  Here  also  are  located  certain  prosperous  business  enterprises  and  means 
of  secular  and  religious  instruction  are  not  lacking. 

On  the  bluff  at  the  extreme  southwestern  extremity  of  New  Utrecht  stands  Fort  Hamilton.  The 
government  reservation,  which  includes  the  battery  sites,  parade-ground,  magazines,  storehouses,  barracks, 
and  officers'  quarters,  is  rather  extensive  and  is  bounded  by  the  shore  line,  Fort  Hamilton  avenue,  and  Bat- 
tery place.  During  colonial  times  the  place  was  known  as  Denyse's  Ferry,  and  supplied  a  landing  for  the 
boats  which  plied  between  New  Utrecht  and  the  opposite  shores  of  Staten  Island  and  New  Jersey;  the  first 
instance  of  the  establishment  of  anything  resembling  a  fortification  on  this  particular  site  occurred  in 
August,  1776,  when  a  battery  of  twelve-pounders  planted  behind  hastily  constructed  earthworks,  opened 
fire  on  the  frigate  "Asia,"  which  led  the  van  of  Admiral  Howe's  fleet.  During  the  civil  war  Fort  Hamil- 
ton was  strongly  garrisoned.  It  is  now  occupied  by  a  detachment  of  artillery.  Clustering  around  the  fort 
are  several  hotels  and  stores  and  dwellings  enough  to  constitute  a  village  of  considerable  size.  In  summer 
it  is  a  popular  resort,  resembling  on  a  smaller  scale  the  west  end  of  Coney  Island. 

A  walk  of  two  miles  along  the  picturesque  "  Shore  Road,"  or  a  shorter  cut  across  the  fields,  leads  from 
Fort  Hamilton  to  the  village  of  Bay  Ridge,  which  is  separated  by  a  short  stretch  of  farm  lands  from  the 
extremity  of  South  Brooklyn.  It  is  not  thickly  settled  in  any  particular  point  except  along  the  line  of 
Third  avenue  between  Sixty-fifth  street  and  Bay  Ridge  avenue.  Elegantly  designed  and  luxuriously 
appointed  country  houses  and  villas  appear  at  intervals  along  the  Shore  Road,  and  First,  Second,  Third, 
Narrows,  and  Bay  Ridge  avenues.  It  is  connected  with  New  York  by  a  ferry  running  to  the  Battery  and 
with  Brooklyn  by  the  line  of  the  Brooklyn  City  Railroad.  Its  territory  is  cut  also  by  a  branch  of  the  Long 
Island  Railroad.  It  has  a  church,  schools,  a  public  hall,  a  few  stores,  some  manufactories  and  several  club- 
houses. 

Blvthebournf,,  a  word  which  means  "  happy  home,"  is  the  suggestive  name  of  a  beautifully  located 
and  easily  accessible  village  at  the  boundary  of  the  city  where  the  thrifty  wage-earner  and  the  careful  hus- 
bander  of  a  limited  income  may  enjoy  health  and  comfort  under  his  own  roof-tree.  It  has  been  developed 
on  that  excellent  plan  whereby  the  payment,  at  regular  intervals  for  a  certain  period,  of  instalments  that 
would  not  exceed  in  amount  the  sum  paid  out  in  rent  for  an  ordinary  flat  in  Brooklyn  or  in  New  York 
secures  a  place  where  the  home  may  become  a  savings-bank  and  at  the  same  time  that  the  investment  gives 
an  immediate  return  for  the  expenditures  in  those  things  for  which  the  occupant  of  rented  premises  pays 


REAL   ESTATE  AND    SUBURBAN    DEVELOPiMENT. 


1153 


roundly  without  any  prospect  of  future  advantage  from  his  payments.  The  Blythebourne  Improvement 
Company,  of  which  T.  S.  Sands  is  president  and  R.  B.  Fithian  secretary,  was  formed  in  18S7  by  the  late 
Electus  B.  Litchfield,  in  company  with  Thomas  S.  Sands  and  P.  H.  Flynn.  The  natural  beauties  and  ad- 
vantages of  the  place  have  been  supplemented  by  a  thorough  system  of  public  improvements  which  gives 
broad  streets  and  avenues,  nicely  graded,  adorned  with  shade  trees,  well  lighted  and  having  good  stone  or 
plank  sidewalks.  A  supply  of  pure  cold  water  is  introduced  into  each  cottage,  two  fine  school-houses 
have  been  built  by  the  township  of  New  Utrecht,  and  the  company  has  erected  a  building  which  furnishes 
the  residents  with  facilities  for  marketing  as  convenient  as  those  afforded  within   the   city  limits.     The 


A  Street  in  Blythebourne. 

land  is  high  and  the  drainage  good,  and  the  fertility  of  the  soil  makes  possible  the  pretty  garden  that  is 
always  a  source  of  delight  to  a  refined  household.  The  elevation  is  seventy  feet  above  tidewater  and  the 
proximity  of  the  ocean  causes  the  atmosphere  to  be  well  charged  with  invigorating  ozone.  Brooklyn  and 
New  York  may  be  reached  with  ease  and  frequency  and  in  a  short  time,  as  the  village  is  at  the  junction  of 
all  the  steam  railroads  to  Coney  Island  and  within  ten  to  fifteen  minutes'  ride.  There  is  access  to  New 
York  by  the  ferry  from  Thirty-ninth  street,  Brooklyn,  to  the  foot  of  Whitehall  street.  New  York,  conducted 
in  connection  with  the  Brooklyn,  Bath  &  West  End  Railroad  and  the  Third  avenue  electric  railroad.  The 
village  includes  the  territory  bounded  by  Fifty-fifth  and  Sixtieth  streets,  Cowenhoven  lane.  Eleventh, 
Twelfth,  Thirteenth  and  New  Utrecht  avenues. 

In  considering  the  development  of  Bay  Ridge,  too  much  stress  cannot  be  laid  upon  the  importance  of 
what  has  been  done  there  by  E.  W.  Bliss.  The  locality  has  many  picturesque  parts,  but  the  most  beauti- 
ful place  within  its  limits  is  the  estate  of  the  wealthy  inventor  and  machinery  manufacturer,  who  purchased 
sixty-five  acres  of  land  and  created  on  the  shores  of  the  bay,  just  beyond  the  city's  limits,  one  of  the 
most  magnificent  private  residences  in  the  country.  E.  W.  Bliss  was  born  at  Cooperstown,  Otsego  County, 
N.  Y.,  in  1836,  and  was  educated  there  at  the  public  school.  When  sixteen  he  became  an  apprentice  in  the 
machine-shops  of  Metcalf  &  Livingstone,  near  Cooperstown.  He  remained  there  until  he  was  twenty-one. 
Upon  reaching  his  majority,  he  went  to  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  and  worked  for  the  New  York  Central  &  Hud- 
son River  Railroad,  as  a  journeyman  machinist.  With  a  view  of  bettering  his  condition,  he  accepted  an 
offer  from  the  Charles  Parker  Gun  Company,  of  Meriden,  Conn.,  working  as  a  journeyman  for  the  salary 
of  $1.62  per  day.  Within  a  year  after  entering  the  employ  of  the  gun  company,  Mr.  Bliss,  by  means  of 
improved  methods  and  his  ability  to  obtain  the  best  results,  was  able  to  demonstrate  to  his  employers  that 
if  they  would  allow  him  the  use  of  their  shops,  money  and  men,  he  could  turn  out  the  finished  product  at 
much  less  cost  than  had  theretofore  been  considered  possible,  and  at  the  same  time  make  a  handsome  profit 
for  himself.  Under  this  contract  system,  it  became  the  duty  of  Mr.  Bliss  to  make  estimates,  specifications, 
designs,  etc.,  and  his  employers  were  by  no  means  slow  to  appreciate  the  marked  talent  and  ability  which 
he  brought  to  bear  upon  everything  entrusted  to  his  charge.  The  measure  of  his  success  may  best  be  told 
by  the  statement  that  before  Mr.  Bliss  had  reached  his  twenty-third  birthday,  he  was  selected  to  take  the 


11^4  THE    EAGLE   AND    BROOKLYN. 

entire  management  of  the  works  into  his  hands.  He  remained  with  the  gun  company  for  about  seven 
years.  In  iS6i,  Mr.  Bliss  was  one  of  the  first  to  answer  the  call  of  Abraham  Lincoln  for  the  first  7S,ooo 
men  for  the  defence  of  the  Union,  and  went  out  with  Company  I,  3d  Conn.  Regiment.  He  was  m  the 
first  battle  of  Bull  Run,  and  at  the  end  of  his  term  of  service  received  an  honorable  discharge.  It  then 
seemed  best  for  him  that  he  should  return  to  the  Parker  Gun  Company,  and  this  he  did.  Shortly  after- 
wards he  attracted  the  attention  of  Andrew  Campbell,  the  inventor  of  the  well-known  printing  press  which 
bears  his  name;  JNIr.  Campbell  made  a  very  flattering  offer,  which  Mr.  Bliss  accepted.  Under  his  manage- 
ment the  business  immediately  assumed  proportions  beyond  their  most  sanguine  expectations;  but  in  the 
latter  part  of  the  first  year  Mr.  Bliss  embarked  in  an  enterprise  of  his  own,  that  of  making  special  ma- 
chinery for  the  manufacture  of  sheet  metal  goods,  from  which  he  was  not  tempted  by  Mr.  Campbell's  offer  of 
two  and  a  half  times  as  much  as  he  formerly  had  paid  him.  He  possessed  a  very  limited  capital, 
but  he  had  the  courage  to  hire  the  second  story  of  the  Benton  Building,  at  the  foot  of  Adams  street, 
Brooklyn,  and  engage  the  services  of  six  men,  with  nothing  for  them  to  do.  The  venture  was  one  in 
an  untried  field,  and  a  demand  for  the  machines  constructed  had  to  be  created.  At  this  time  the  petro- 
leum business  was  in  its  infancy,  and  was  carried  on  entirely  by  private  firms,  the  mammoth  corpora- 
tions which  have  since  sprung  into  existence  being  then  undreamed  of.  Almost  from  the  very  start 
Mr.  Bliss  succeeded  in  exciting  the  interest  of  Charles  Pratt  and  Fred.  W.  Devoe,  who  availed  them- 
selves of  his  inventive  genius  in  connection  with  the  making  of  special  machinery  for  the  stamping  of 
metal  receptacles  for  use  in  the  oil  trade.  Not  only  did  Mr.  Bliss  and  his  associates  achieve  much  in  this 
direction,  but  other  machines  which  they  invented  completely  revolutionized  the  manufacture  of  many 
of  the  commonest  utensils  in  daily  use,  which  are  to  be  found  in  almost  every  household  in  the 
world.  When  Mr.  Bliss  first  established  himself  in  business,  his  capital  amounted  to  $1,250,  which  he  had 
succeeded  in  saving  out  of  his  salary.  From  a  small  beginning  the  enterprise  has  grown  to  be  one  of  the 
most  prominent  industrial  features,  not  only  of  the  city  of  Brooklyn  but  of  the  whole  United  States.  The 
business  is  of  such  proportions  that  to  carry  it  on  a  capital  of  $2,000,000  is  required,  and  over  six  hundred 
skilled  mechanics  are  constantly  employed.  Mr.  Bliss  married,  in  1866,  at  Cooperstown,  N.  Y.,  the  daughter 
of  the  gentleman  who  was  formerly  his  employer.  He  has  one  daughter,  married,  who  resides  with  him  at 
Bay  Ridge. 

Mr.  Bliss  became  a  resident  of  Brooklyn  in  1866.  A  few  years  after  that  he  purchased  the  estate 
of  the  late  Henry  C.  Murphy,  at  Bay  Ridge,  together  with  twenty-five  acres  of  land  encircling  it.  Subse- 
quently he  acquired  land  to  the  north  of  this  property,  buying  nine  acres  of  the  Sedgewick  estate,  and 
nearly  three  times  as  great  a  tract  from  the  Bergen  estate.  To  this  has  been  added  about  six  acres  of 
the  Brown  estate,  which  lies  to  the  south  of  Mr.  Bliss'  house.  Altogether,  Mr.  Bliss  owns  sixty-five  acres 
of  the  most  desirable  real  estate  of  which  any  suburban  locality  can  boast.  From  Third  avenue  the  prop- 
erty extends  downward  to  the  water-front,  and  nine  hundred  feet  out  into  the  bay;  in  width,  it  covers  the 
territory  lying  between  Sixty-eighth  street  and  the  Bay  Ridge  station  of  the  Long  Island  Railroad  Company. 
That  part  lying  between  Second  and  Third  avenues  Mr.  Bliss  has  improved,  and  is  disposing  of  lots  under 
restrictions  which  will  undoubtedly  tend  to  build  up  a  community  of  beautiful  homes.  This  property  com- 
mands a  fine  outlook  over  the  park  surrounding  Mr.  Bliss'  home.  As  all  this  property  in  the  immediate 
future  will  become  part  and  parcel  of  Brooklyn  in  name  as  well  as  in  fact,  the  benefit  Mr.  Bliss  is  thus  con- 
ferring upon  the  city  cannot  easily  be  estimated.  Mr.  Bliss'  residence,  situated  on  a  lofty  bluff,  commands 
a  magnificent  prospect  of  New  York  Bay,  with  the  Narrows,  backed  by  the  hills  of  Staten  Island  in  the 
foreground,  and  away  to  the  right  the  crowded  waters  of  the  North  and  East  rivers,  with  the  low-lying 
shores  of  New  Jersey  in  the  distance.  To  the  northwest  of  the  mansion,  on  the  highest  point  of  the  bluff, 
stands  the  observatory.  Its  base  is  of  rough-hewn  Quincy  granite,  while  the  tower,  circular  in  form,  is  con- 
structed of  alternate  courses  of  the  same  material  and  New  Hampshire  stone.  This  structure  alone  cost 
$16,000.  Until  the  purchase  of  the  property  by  the  present  owner  the  mansion  and  grounds  had  been  indiffer- 
ently cared  for,  Senator  Murphy  using  the  property  during  only  a  portion  of  the  summer.  Now,  however, 
a  broad  driveway  leads  up  from  Second  avenue  to  the  front  entrance.  Upon  each  side  of  the  drive  are 
rare  and  costly  trees,  and  at  all  seasons  of  the  year,  except  in  the  winter,  the  spacious  ornamental  flower 
beds  are  filled  with  choicest  blossoms.  Immediately  in  front  of  the  entrance  are  three  very  large  lindens 
and  a  mighty  cedar  of  Lebanon,  the  rugged  grandeur  of  which  is  thoroughly  picturesque.  There  are 
French  horse-chestnuts  and  foreign  ashes,  while  facing  the  bay  is  a  fine  row  of  elms.  The  interior  of  the 
mansion  has  been  decorated  and  furnished  with  a  lavish  disregard  of  expense.  From  a  wide  vestibule 
massive  oaken  doors,  panelled  and  studded  with  brass,  swing  inward  to  a  large  hallway  of  the  Renaissance 
period.  The  woodwork  of  this  apartment  is  of  antique  oak,  highly  finished  and  carved  in  various  elabo- 
rate architectural  designs;  there  is  a  parquet  flooring  of  oak,  about  seven-eighths  of  an  inch  thick,  covering 
the  entire  hall.  Above  the  panelled  wainscoting  the  side  walls  are  hung  with  figured  leather  of  suitable 
color,  while  overhead  the  ceiling  is  cut  up  into  squares  by  cross  beams.     These   spaces  are  covered  with 


.^'^ 


(^i(<mUl^ 


THE    EAGLE   AND   BROOKLYN. 


handsome  frescoes  in  the  Renaissance  style.     On  the  right-hand  side  of  the  hall^^y  is  ^  \^'^b°ra^^^^'^^^^^^^^^ 
resting  on  polished  pillars.     The  hearth,  enclosed  by  the  frame  of  the  mantel,  .s  finished  n   -^"^  '^^ 
.n.    of    miique  design;  above  the  mantel-shelf  is  a  handsome  tapestry  panel.     A  prominent 


hand-rails.     Opening  frimi  the  hall,  on 
XVL   interior. 


a    set    of  andirons    or     unique  ucsigu,  au^y'-   ...>.—.—  -.  ^ .  -    -  nrmmented 

feature   of  the   halhvav   is   a  staircase   of  oak  with   malachite  newel-posts    and   — "    ^^   °™;^  ^^J^^ 

the  ricrht  hand,  is  the  drawing-room,  which  presents  a  faultless  Louis 
The  woodwork  of  the  roonws  finished  in  white  enamel  and  gold;  the  ceiling  is  panelled 

with  frescoes  of  cupids  and  the  side 
walls  are  hung  with  a  delicate  shade 
of  light  blue  silk  figured  in  attrac- 
tive designs.  On  the  same  side  of 
the  hall  are  the  billiard-room  and 
library.  These  apartments  connect 
with  each  other.  The  library  is  the 
historical  room  of  the  house.  Here 
on  the  walls  is  a  copper  tablet, 
framed  as  if  it  were  a  picture,  hav- 
ing engraved  upon  its  surface  the 
following:  "  At  a  conference  held 
in  this  room  on  the  second  day  of 
December,  a.  d.,  1866,  between 
Henry  C.  Murphy,  William  C.  King- 
sley  and  Alexander  McCue,  an 
agreement  was  reached  which  re- 
sulted in  the  passage  of  an  act  by 
the  legislature  of  the  state  of  New  York,  on 
April  16,  1867,  providing  for  the  construction 
of  the  New  York  and  Brooklyn  Bridge."  The 
tablet  was  made  by  Tiffany  &  Co.,  of  New  York, 
and  bears,  in  addition  to  the  foregoing  inscription, 
the  seals  of  Kings  County,  Brooklyn,  New  York  city 
and  New  York  state.  The  dining-room  is  in  the  rear  and 
on  the  left  of  the  reception  hall  and,  cutting  directly 
through  the  piazza,  terminates  in  a  shallow  bay-window  that  commands  a  wide  sweep  of  the  great  bay  to  the 
west.  A  doorway  at  each  side  of  the  window  leads  out  to  the  veranda.  Directly  in  front  of  the  window  is  a 
cleft,  or  gorge,  in  the  high  bluff  upon  which  the  house  stands.  It  is  completely  covered  with  a  thick  vel- 
vety sward,  and  extends  down  to  the  stone  wall  at  the  water-front  where,  upon  a  sort  of  platform  a  flag- 
staff has  been  erected.  Mr.  Bliss  is  the  organizer,  president  and  controlling  stockholder  in  the  E.  W.  Bliss 
Co.,  which  controls  the  patents  of  the  famous  Whitehead  torpedoes;  president  and  holder  of  the  largest  in- 
terest in  the  United  States  Projectile  Company;  vice-president  of  the  Brooklyn  Gas  Fixture  Company; 
director  of  the  Kings  County  Trust  Company,  director  of  the  Brooklyn  Club,  member  of  the  Hamilton  and 
Marine  and  Field  clubs,  the  New  Utrecht  Club  of  Bath  Beach,  and  the  Engineers'  Club  of  New  York;  he  is 
also  a  director  and  member  of  the  executive  board  of  the  Brooklyn  City  Railroad  Company.  Mr.  Bliss 
has  invested  no  inconsiderable  portion  of  his  surplus  capital  in  Brooklyn  realty  and  has  an  abiding  faith  in 
the  future  greatness  and  importance  of  the  city.  Like  a  great  many  he  is  strongly  in  favor  of  annexation 
to  New  York. 

In  the  construction  of  the  house  of  Niels  Poulson  on  the  Shore  Road,  Bay  Ridge,  there  will  be  found 
a  departure  from  common  practice.  Copper,  brick  and  cement  have  been  so  happily  combined  as  to  pro- 
duce a  warm,  dry  and  attractive  dwelling;  fire-proof  construction  was  one  of  the  main  points  aimed  at  by  the 
owner,  and  metal,  chiefly  copper,  has  been  employed  in  such  a  manner  as  to  produce  striking  and  novel 
results.  Mr.  Poulson  is  a  member  of  the  great  iron  firm  of  Poulson  &  Eger  of  New  York.  His  house 
stands  upon  the  bluff  near  Fort  Hamilton.  The  main  hall,  octagonal  in  shape,  is  entered  through  a  vestibule 
opening  from  a  broad  veranda  which  extends  across  the  front  and  partially  along  two  sides  of  the  house. 
Opening  from  the  main  hall  are  the  library,  seventeen  feet  square;  the  drawing-room,  twenty-one  feet 
square;  and  the  dining-room,  which  measures  15  x  31  feet.  Rich,  heavy  portieres  cover  the  entrances  to 
these  several  apartments,  above  each  being  a  semi-circular  piece  of  wrought-iron  work  of  artistic  design. 
To  the  left  as  one  enters  the  hall  is  the  stairway,  which  extends  to  the  third  story.  A  portion  of  the  dining- 
room  is  partitioned  off  as  a  breakfast-room  by  folding  doors  which  have  wrought-iron  panels  of  handsome 
design.  The  kitchen  is  at  the  extreme  end  of  the  house,  the  servants'  hall  and  pantry  being  between  it  and 
the  dining-room.     Beyond  the  dining-room  is  the  conservatory,  with  cast-iron  rafters  and  supports  covered 


A  Corner  in  the  Dining-room. 


< 

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o 
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O 

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A  Bedroom  Interior,  Residence  of  E.  W.  Bi.iss,  Bay  Ridge. 


ii66 


THE    EAGLE   AND   BROOKLYN. 


with  three-eighths-inch  glass.     To  the  left  of  the  conservatory  is  a  hot-house.     The  second  floor  is  divided  up 
into  three  sleeping  rooms,  bilHard-room,  sewing-room,  bathroom  and  dressing-room.     Connected  with  the 
main  chamber  is  another  bath  and   dressing-room.     In   the  main  hall  the  floor  finish  is  of  delicately  tinted 
tiles,  so  arranged  as  to  constitute  an  elaborate  design.     Decorated  cast-iron  ribs  are  arched  across  the  ceiling, 
the  columns  between  the  openings  into  the  different  rooms  beings  treated  with  copper,  while  a  large  circular 
opening  on  the  second  floor  is  surrounded  by  an  iron  railing  of  the  most  artistic  workmanship.     The  ceil- 
ings are  constructed  on   a  novel  plan,  that  of  one  room  being  the   basis  of  the    floor   of  the   one  above. 
Ordinary  flat  bar-iron  and  cement  have  been  used,  thus  insuring  absolute  fire-proof  construction.     In  some 
rooms  the  ceiling  is  of  an  ornamental  character,  that  in  the  parlor  being  especially  so.     In  the  basement  there 
is  a  hot-air  furnace  provided  with  a  coil  so  that  both  hot  air  and  steam  can  be  used  for  heating  purposes.     The 
air  is  taken  in  from  the  outside  of  the  building  and   distributed  to  the  various  floors  by  the  usual   method. 
The  floors  are  constructed  with  portholes  in  each  rib  of  concrete  and  cement,  thus  allowing  currents  of  hot 
air  from  the  furnace  pipe  to  circulate  under  the  entire  floor,  previous   to   entering  the   room   through  the 
register.     In  the  principal  apartments  on  each  floor  are  open  fireplaces  of  rich  and  artistic  designs  in  brass, 
silver  and  nickel,  and  provided  with  blowers  which  may  be   folded  up  in  such    a  way  as  to  occupy  a  very 
small  space  at  the  top  of  the  grate.     The  house  may  also  be  heated  with  steam   by  the  indirect  plan,  one  of 
Gold's  heaters  being  situated  in  the  basement.     The  exterior  of  the  house  is  very  attractive,  the  entire  outer 
surface  being  covered   completely  with  copper.     Among  the  more  conspicuous   features  of  the  ornamenta- 
tion are  four  circular  panels  designed  to  allegorically  represent  America,  Europe,  Asia  and  Africa,  copied 
from  the  Albert  memorial  in  London. 
These   panels  are  each  three  feet  in 
diameter,  two  being  in  front  and  two 
at  the  side  of  the    house.      All   the 
copper  work  was  produced  by  what  is 
known  as  the  galvano-plastic  process, 
in  which   the  desired  design   is   first 
made  in  wax  by  a  very  simple  method 
and  the  mould  thus  formed  placed  in 
a  battery.    The  frieze,  which  extends 
entirely    round    the    house,    between 
the  first  and  second  stories,  was  made 
in   lengths  of   twelve    feet  and   then 
fastened  by  flanges  and  rivets. 

Not  more  than  two  hundred  yards 
from  the  Lefferts  Park  depot  of  the 
Brooklyn,  Bath  &  West  End  Railroad 


Hall  and  Stairway,  Residence  of  John   Cowenhoven. 


Drawing-room. 
is  the  handsome  home  of  Justice 
John  Cowenhoven,  a  descendant 
from  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  of 
Long  Island,  the  original  progeni- 
tors of  the  family  in  this  country 
having  emigrated  to  America  from 
Holland  in  the  year  1635.  They 
located  themselves  on  the  very  farm 
now  held  by  Justice  Cowenhoven, 
but  in  time  their  descendants  be- 
came residents  of  various  other  por- 
tions of  the  country.  The  name  is 
variously  spelled  Couenhoven,  Kow- 
enhoven,  Kouenhoven,  etc.,  but  all 
sprang  from  a  common  stock.  Jus- 
tice Cowenhoven  was  born  on  No- 
vember   14,    1848,  his   father,   John 


i68 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


Cowenhoven,  being  a  farmer  residing  on  the  old  home- 
stead which  is  still  standing  in  Couenhoven's  lane. 
He  first  attended  the  local  district  school,  but  subse- 
quently became  a  pupil  at  Erasmus  Hall  Academy, 
Flatbush,  where  he  was  graduated  when  between  eight- 
een and  nineteen  years  of  age.  Upon  leaving  school 
he  associated  himself  with  his  father  and  has  continu- 
ously engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  until  the  present 
time.  He  was  elected  a  justice  of  the  peace  early 
in  1889  and  has  retained  the  position  uninterruptedly. 
Justice  Cowenhoven's  residence  is  surrounded  by 
well-kept  grounds,  studded  with  trees  and  handsome 
flower-beds.  The  house  is  a  frame  structure  of  pleas- 
ing design,  three  stories  high,  together  with  a  basement 
and  cupola.  Interiorly,  the  house  is  a  model  of  con- 
venience and  comfort,  while  the  furnishings  have  evi- 
dently  been  selected  with  the  greatest  care  and  atten- 
tion to  artistic  details.  The  entrance  hall,  or  more 
properly  speaking,  the  reception-room,  is  a  handsome 
apartment,  finished  in  cherry  and  furnished  with  thor- 
oughly admirable  taste.  One  noticeable  feature  is  an 
ebony  table  inlaid  with  brass  in  intricate  and  beautiful 
design,  over  which  hangs  a  painting,  "  Sheepfold,"  by 
Schenck.  On  the  wall  is  a  fine  buck's  head  with  wide- 
spreading  antlers,  the  owner  of  which  once  wandered 
John  Cowenhoven.  }„  ^-^e  wilds  of  the  Adirondacks  until  he  fell  a  victim  to 

Justice  Cowenhoven's  skill  as  a  huntsman.     Upon  the  wall  immediately  opposite  the  front  doorway  is  the 
word  "  Welkom,"  by  no  means  an  idle  greeting,  as  all  who  have  occasion  to  call  upon  Justice  Cowenhoven 


iir 


11 


m  jiiiMiil|iiiii 

liiiiiiiiiii 


BIWB'JiMiinBBilMII  »■<«■»»«■  "I  i«Mii«MB»M«'iuBa»i  11  TJi<»Miia'tfMa3»«»»''w»aw«»B«'ii«iiiii«jn'j«»«iiai|rtfihrif 


IlilMlliiM 

w«Ma'Ji'«iaan«w"'iBniaHwwH«'BMiimiaT^«jnii'a|iiatfBanir' 


Residence  of  John   Cowenhoven,  Lefferts   Park. 
can  testify.     To  the  right  of  the  reception   hall  is  the  dining-room  ;  it  is  finished  in  antique  oak,  the  chairs, 
tables  and  buffet  being  of  the   same   wood.     The  mantel  is  also  of  antique  oak,  handsomely  carved  and 
having  a  massive  plate-glass  mirror  in  the  centre.     Overhead  is  perched  a  huge  white   and  grey  owl  with 


REAL    ESTATE    AND    SUBURBAN    DEVELOPMENT. 


1 169 


wings  outspread  as  if  just  in  the  act  of  aligliting  ;  it  was  killed  in  Orange  County,  N.  Y.,  where  Justice 
Cowenhoven  in  years  gone  by  was  in  the  habit  of  spending  his  vacations.  Directly  in  the  rear  of  the 
reception  hall  is  a  parlor,  one  of  the  cosiest  apartments  imaginable,  the  finishing  and  furnishing  of  which 
are  in  cherry.  The  floor  is  covered  with  heavy  moquette  carpet  and  the  furniture  is  upholstered  in  beauti- 
fully figured  old  tapestry.  The  mantel  is  of  carved  cherry  and  the  register  is  surrounded  by  inlaid  blue 
tiles.  To  the  left  of  the  reception  hall  is  the  drawing-room,  furnished  in  old  rose  and  gold  and  having  an 
open  fireplace  with  brass  andirons.  The  staircase  leading  to  the  upper  stories  is  of  an  original  design,  the 
wood  employed  being  cherry;  light  is  furnished  by  means  of  three  stained  glass  windows.  Justice 
Cowenhoven  is  a  member  of  the  St.  Nicholas  Society,  the  Holland  Society  of  New  York,  the  New  Utrecht 
and  Town  clubs  ;  he  has  been  a  school  trustee  for  several  years  ;  also  he  is  president  of  the  New  Utrecht 
Cooperative  Building   Society. 

J.   LoTT   NosTRAND  has  been   for  a  long  time  largely  interested  in  real  estate  and  has  been  instru- 
mental in  developing  several  suburban  tracts  into  pleasant  home  sections.     In  this  kind  of  enterprise  he 


Residence  of  J,    Lott  Nostrand. 

has  been  active  since  1880,  and  among  the  localities  which  have  claimed  his  attention  are  part  of  the 
Benson  farm  the  Bennett  farm,  the  Cropsey  farm,  the  Jacob  P.  Moore  farm  and  the  Deleplaine  tract.  At 
the  present  time,  he,  and  his  brother,  are  particularly  interested  in  Van  Pelt  Manor,  which  was  originally 
the  Van  Pelt  farm  ;  this  property  they  acquired  by  purchase  and  Mr.  Nostrand  makes  his  home  there. 
J  Lott  Nostrand  was  born  at  New  Utrecht  in  1856,  and  after  studying  at  the  public  schools,  he  pre- 
pared for  college  at  Rutgers  Grammar  School  at  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  and  then  took  a  scientific  course  at 
Rutgers  College.  Leaving  college  in  1876,  he  became  a  student  in  the  law  office  of  General  Philip  S. 
Crook  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1879;  since  then  he  has  been  engaged  m  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion in  addition  to  operating  in  real  estate.  He  has  offices  at  .6  Court  street,  and  at  8  and  10  John  street, 
New  York  He  is  a  prominent  member  of  the, Marine  and  Field  Club,  the  Brooklyn  and  the  New  Utrecht 
clubs  the  Parkway  Riding  and  Driving  Club,  the  Republican  Club  of   New  York,  the  Citizens'  Association, 


I  lyo 


THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 


J.  LoTT  Nostras D. 


the  Flagging  Commission,  the  Board  of  Improvement, 
the  Building  Association  of  Bath  Beach,  in  which  he 
holds  the  office  of  president,  and  the  Citizens'  Cooper- 
ative Building  and  Loan  Association.  He  has  taken 
an  active  part  in  politics  and  is  a  member  of  the  Re- 
publican General  Committee.  He  has  served  for  sev- 
eral years  as  a  school  trustee. 

Since  the  age  of  twenty-one,  AVilliam  Keegan 
has  been  tax-collector  for  the  town  of  New  Utrecht. 
He  has  been  a  school  trustee  for  the  past  seventeen 
or  eighteen  years,  and  takes  an  active  and  prominent 
part  in  connection  with  any  movement  for  the  im- 
provement of  the  town  of  which  he  is  a  resident. 
Mr.  Keegan  was  born  in  New  York,  on  August  i, 
1852,  but  his  parents  removed  to  Brooklyn  when  he 
was  a  child.  He  studied  at  the  public  schools  until 
his  seventeenth  year.  He  then  attended  a  private 
school  in  Judge  Van  Brunt's  house  at  Bay  Ridge. 
Having  finished  his  education,  he  became  a  clerk  for 
his  father,  who  was  a  prominent  contractor.  After- 
wards he  engaged  in  business  with  Supervisor  Fergu- 
son, over  whose  affairs  he  now  exercises  a  considera- 
ble measure  of  supervision.  Mr.  Keegan  has  resided 
at  Fort  Hamilton  since  he  was  ten  years  old;  he  lives 
on  Ninety-ninth  street  between  Third  and  Fourth 
avenues,  with  his  wife  and  one  son.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  New  Utrecht  Building  and  Loan  Association,  and  foreman  of  the  Fort  Hamilton  Fire  Engine 
Company.  Although  a  staunch  Democrat,  in  politics  he  is  not  an  active  partisan.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Royal  Arcanum  and  the  Ancient  Order  of  Foresters. 

It  is  only  within  a  few  years  that  the  love  of  flowers  became  so  general  as  it  is  in  the  LTnited  States 
to-day,  and  the  art  of  floriculture  has  made  rapid 
strides  in  reaching  that  perfection  which  marks  it  at 
the  present  time.  One  of  the  most  successful  florists 
in  Brooklyn  or  its  suburbs  is  James  Dean,  whose  ex- 
tensive greenhouses  and  grounds  are  situated  on 
Third  avenue,  near  Sixty-fifth  street.  Bay  Ridge.  Mr. 
Dean  was  recently  appointed  chief  of  floriculture 
for  the  state  of  New  York,  in  connection  with  the 
World's  Fair  at  Chicago;  in  1891  he  was  elected  pres- 
ident of  the  Society  of  American  Florists,  which 
position  he  now  holds,  together  with  the  presidency 
of  the  New  York  Florists'  Club.  Mr.  Dean  was  born 
in  Scotland,  in  1845;  his  father  was  gardener  for  the 
Marquis  of  Queensbury,  at  Kinmf)nt  Castle,  Dumfrie- 
shire.  When  young  Dean  was  five  years  old,  his 
parents  emigrated  to  this  country,  settling  in  Asto- 
ria, Long  Island.  Here  James  Dean  received  a  pub- 
lic school  education  and  afterwards  became  an 
assistant  to  his  father.  In  1861  he  enlisted  as  a  pri- 
vate in  the  72d  Regiment,  N.  Y.  Volunteers,  and 
served  until  the  close  of  the  civil  war,  having  been 
promoted  for  his  gallant  conduct  in  the  field.  He 
was  twice  severely  wounded,  once  at  the  battle  of  the 
Wilderness  and  again  at  (Gettysburg,  where  he  as- 
sisted in  carrying  General  Sickles  off  the  field,  when 
that  officer  was  wounded.  After  the  close  of  the 
war,  Mr.  Dean  entered  the  employ  of  William  C. 
Wilson,  the  well-known  florist  of  Astoria,  relinquish- 
ing his  position  within  two  years  to  take   charge  of 


.:^:^^^'7<^-^L-^..'«^^-^^^^<-'«i^>>^^ 


REAL  ESTATE  AND  SUBURBAN  DEVELOPMENT. 


1171 


the  garden  and  grounds  of  W.  C.  Langley,  at  Bay  Ridge.  In  1875  he  formed  a  partnership  with  J.  M. 
Kellar,  and  engaged  in  floriculture.  This  partnership,  which  was  very  successful,  was  dissolved  in  1880, 
when  Mr.  Dean  purchased  the  ground  which  he  at  present  cultivates.  Mr.  Dean  is  affiliated  with  U.  S.  Grant 
Post,  No.  327,  G.  A.  R.,  of  Brooklyn,  of  which  he  was  the  senior  vice  commander  in  1890,  when  the  body 
of  General  Grant  was  conveyed  from  Mount  McGregor  to  its  final  resting-place  at  Riverside  Park.  The 
decorations  of  the  dead  hero's  tomb  have  since  been  carefully  and  thoroughly  looked  after  and  rearranged 
from  time.to  time  by  Mr.  Dean.  He  has  been  president  of  the  board  of  school  trustees  of  Bay  Ridge 
twelve  years,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Citizens'  Association.  In  national  politics  he  is  a  Republican,  but  in 
local  affairs  he  is  independent. 

Among  the  most  pleasing  features  of  Bay  Ridge  are  the  flower-bedecked  grounds  and  the  greenhouses 
owned  by  the  florist  firm  of  James  Weir's  Sons.  The  present  head  of  the  firm  is  Frederick  Weir, 
whose  father,  James  Weir,  first  engaged  in  floriculture  about  forty  years  ago.  Mr.  Weir,  Sr.,  now  deceased, 
was  a  native  of  Scotland,  and  emigrated  to  this  country  in  his  young  manhood.  Frederick  Weir  was  born 
in  the  house  where  he  now  resides,  on  September  16,  1855.  His  earlier  education  was  gained  at  the  Bay 
Ridge  district  school,  but  subsequently  he  became  a  pupil  at  a  private  German  school,  on  Pacific  street, 
Brooklyn.  When  only  fifteen,  he  left  school  and  was  employed  by  his  brother  as  an  assistant.  A  few  years 
subsequently,  in  conjunction  with  his  father,  the  grounds  at  Bay  Ridge,  comprising  not  far  from  eight 
acres,  were  purchased,  and  ever  since  then  the  business  has  been  successfully  carried  on  by  Frederick  and 
John  R.  Weir.  In  addition,  they  lease  and  cultivate  a  tract  of  fourteen  acres  at  Bath  Junction.  Mr.  Weir 
is  a  member  of  the  New  Utrecht  Rod  and  Gun  and  New  York  Florists'  clubs,  and  the  Society  of  American 
Florists. 


Town  Hall,  J.\maica. 


OVER    THE    QUEENS    COUNTY    LINE. 

While  the  building  of  suburban  villages  has  been  prosecuted  with  vigor  in  Kings  County,  especially  in 
the  direction  of  the  seaboard,  the  advantages  of  Queens  County  have  not  been  overlooked  A  railroad  nde 
to  the  old  town  of  Jamaica  reveals  many  picturesque  bits  of  rural  scenery  diversified  by  the  handsome 
cottage  and  the  stately  country  home  which  the  thrift  of  the  wage  earner  and  the  wealth  °f  *e  successfu 
business  man  have  planted  where  once  the  farmer  was  the  sole  denizen.  As  the  B^oklyn  of  to  d  1 
but  a  slight  resemblance  to  the  Brooklyn  of  fifty  years  ago,  so  the  town  of  Jamaica  is  rapidly  growing  out 


iiyz 


THE    EAGLE    AND    BROOKLYN. 


of  its  agricultural  cliaracter  of  five  years  ago.  Among  the  energetic  men  who  have  contributed  to  the 
recent  remarkable  development  of  the  town  is  Supervisor  Frederick  W.  Dunton,  after  he  and  others 
like  him  had  looked  over  the  ground  and  decided  that  the  broad  acres  of  the  old  town  could  be  put  to  more 
profitable  use  than  the  raising  of  vegetables.  The  ownership  of  farms  changed  from  the  families  that  had 
held  them  from  nearly  the  time  when  the  Indians  roamed  over  Long  Island,  and  the  new  owners  were  quick 
to  open  up  streets,  lay  out  villa  plots  and  sites,  and  start  new  settlements.  The  purchasers  of  these  home 
sites  came  from  the  city,  and  they  carried  with  them  the  ideas  that  had  been  born  and  developed  by  city 
life.  They  were  not  contented  to  draw  their  water  from  a  well  as  did  the  former  occupants  and  the 
demand  for  an  adequate  water  supply  being  created  gave  birth  to  the  Woodhaven  Water  Supply  Company, 
the  Jamaica  Township  Water  Company  and  the  Jamaica  Water  Supply  Company. 

Touching  the  easterly  boundary  of  Brooklyn  is  the  village  of  Woodhaven.     It  has  grown  up  around 
the  large  manufacturing  plant  of  the  Lalance  &  Grosjean  Company.     Beyond  Woodhaven,  and  between  it 


Residence  of  Richard  C.  McCormick,  Jamaica. 

and  the  village  of  Jamaica  are  the  villages  of  Clarenceville,  Union  Course,  Morris  Park,  Dunton 
and  Richmond  Hill.  While  as  yet  all  of  these  places  are  too  young  to  have  the  beauty  that  comes  with 
age,  they  nevertheless  give  promise  of  the  great  future  that  awaits  them  when  they  become  in  law,  as  they 
practically  are  in  fact,  a  part  of  metropolitan  Brooklyn.  The  village  of  Jamaica,  but  four  miles  from  the 
city  line  of  Brooklyn,  gives  little  indication  to-day  that  there  was  a  tune  in  its  history  when  it  was  the 
rival  of  the  city  of  Brooklyn  and  when  many  intelligent  persons  supposed  that  it,  and  not  the  city, 
would  be  the  metropolis  of  Long  Island.  Here  and  there  along  its  shaded  streets  are  modern-built 
houses,  but  the  majority  of  the  residences  date  back  to  the  last  century.  There  are  many  handsome  resi- 
dences, especially  that  of  the  Hon.  Richard  C.  McCormick,  which  is  in  striking  contrast  to  the  home  of  the 
late  Hon.  Morris  Fosdick,  a  quaint  old  farm-house  that,  like  its  recent  owner,  marks  an  era  and  a  genera- 
tion rapidly  passing  away.  The  streets  of  the  village  are  lighted  by  incandescent  lamps.  The'place  is  sup- 
plied with  running  water,  and  while  its  streets  are  unpaved  and  are  but  a  little  better  than  country  roads, 
there  is  a  hf)pe  that  soon  they  will  be  improved.  The  people  of  the  town  of  Jamaica  have  awakened  to  the 
fact  that  their  roads  are,  to  the  stranger,  an  inde.x  of  the  civilization  to  be  found  within  the  town,  and 
within  the  past  two  years  a  bonded  indebtedness  of  $400,000  for  the  macadamizing  of  the  roads  within  the 
town  has  been  authorized  and  the  work  is  now  in  jDrogress.  The  village  of  Jamaica  contains  the  county 
clerk's  and  surrogate's  offices,  which  are  in  a  handsome  modern  brick  structure,  admirably  adapted  for  years 


1 174  THE  EAGLE  AND  BROOKLYN. 

to  come  to  the  wants  of  the  community.  The  town  hall  is  likewise  situated  in  the  village  of  Jamaica  and 
in  point  of  neatness,  convenience  and  general  attractiveness  is  a  model  building.  The  upper  part  of  the 
building  is  fitted  up  as  a  theatre,  and  will  accommodate  several  hundred  people.  The  village  has  a  state 
bank,  known  as  the  Bank  of  Jamaica,  the  stock  of  which  is  held  at  200,  with  none  for  sale.  It  also  has  a 
savings-bank  with  deposits  of  $900,000.  C.ood  schools  and  many  churches  add  to  the  desirability  of  the 
village  as  a  place  of  residence.  Just  beyond  the  village  of  Jamaica,  and  within  the  town  proper  are  the 
villages  of  Hoi. i. is,  (,)l'kk,ns  and  Si'ringfiki.d.  The  former  of  these,  while  but  five  years  old,  well  deserves 
its  sobriquet  of  "The  Cem  of  the  Island."  Its  houses  are  of  the  modern  Queen  Anne  style,  and  are  sup- 
plied with  running  water.  Its  streets  are  paved,  and  lighted  with  electricity,  and  its  people  have  the 
benefits  of  Holliswood,  a  beautiful  natural  park  with  five  miles  of  wooded  driveways  lying  in  the  hills  imme- 
diately to  the  north  of  the  village  proper.  No  place  on  Long  Island  so  well  illustrates  the  rus  in  urhc  as 
does  Hollis.  Queens  and  Springfield  are  both  older,  and  their  well-shaded  streets  and  shady  nooks  are 
characteristic  of  the  Long  Island  village.  While  the  greater  New  York  may  still  be  a  matter  of  the  remote 
future,  it  is  only  reasonable  to  believe  that  Jamaica  will  soon  be  part  and  parcel  of  the  greater  Brooklyn. 

At  HoLi.iswooD,  which  is  on  the  main  line  of  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  thirty-five  minutes  from  the 
Brooklyn  Bridge,  or  thirty  minutes  from  Thirty-fourth  street,  New  York,  the  scenery  is  beautiful.  The 
Atlantic  Ocean,  stretching  away  until  it  becomes  a  faint  pencil  line  on  the  horizon,  Rockaway  with  its 
hotels,  Coney  Island  with  its  inlets.  New  York  Bay,  with  the  hills  of  Stateu  Island  in  the  background,  form 
the  southern  boundary  of  the  view;  to  the  west  a  corner  of  Brooklyn  spreads  itself  out  like  a  great  over, 
grown  village,  while  between  it  and  Hollis  nestle  scores  of  thriving  villages,  fine  residences,  public  buildings, 
stately  church  edifices,  newspaper  and  bank  buildings,  and  stores  of  all  kinds;  to  the  north  and  northwest 
are  New  York  city,  the  Sound,  the  palisades  and  a  wide  stretch  of  beautiful  country,  dotted  with  villages 
and  thriving  farms;  to  the  east,  Garden  City  with  its  magnificent  cathedral  forms  the  boundary,  while 
between  it  and  Holliswood  the  luxuriant  farm  gardens  make  up  a  picture  which  never  tires  and  must  awaken 
enthusiasm  in  the  bosom  of  a  stoic.  It  is  a  spot  so  beautiful  and  altogether  free  from  the  disagreeable 
features  usually  attending  newly  organized  communities,  that  people  familiar  with  the  usual  highly  colored 
schemes  of  land  speculation,  remark  upon  it  as  something  altogether  different  from  what  they  are  accus- 
tomed to.  One  of  the  surprises  that  will  greet  one  upon  arriving  is  the  number  of  cozy  homes  of  people  who 
have  already  taken  advantage  of  the  opportunities  offered.  Instead  of  a  dreary  plain,  with  avenues  indicated 
)nly  by  the  furrows  of  the  farmer's  plow,  there  are  found  wide  macadamized  avenues,  lighted  by  electric 
lamps  and  with  paved  sidewalks  bordered  by  shade  trees.  The  important  matter  of  a  liberal  water  supply 
has  been  attended  to,  and  mains  furnish  all  the  pure  water  that  may  be  required.  Holliswood  is  fast  being 
beautified,  and  will  certainly  take  equal  rank  in  point  of  desirability  with  similar  near-by  properties  in  the 
Oranges  and  along  the  Hudson,  where  fortunes  have  been  made  by  persons  who  were  sufficiently  far-seeing 
to  be  among  the  early  investors.  Among  the  natural  attractions  of  Holliswood  are  the  "  piney  woods," 
which  rise  from  a  natural  amphitheatre  and  their  fragrant  breath  is  a  treat  to  the  robust  as  well  as  those 
of  moderate  delicate  frame.  Progress  has  marked  this  spot  as  her  own  and  growth  and  improvement  go 
hand  m  hand.     The  beautiful  residences  already  erected  are  the  homes  of  happy,  satisfied  people. 

Although  Garden  City  cannot  be  considered  a  suburb  of  Brooklyn  it  bears  a  natural  relation  to  the 
city  because  of  its  character  as  the  official  centre  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church  on  Long  Island. 
When  the  late  Alexander  T.  Stewart  projected  the  village  on  the  northern  edge  of  Hempstead  Plains  he 
had  neither  intention  nor  idea  of  establishing  an  ecclesiastical  centre.  His  business  instincts,  tinged  slightly 
with  philanthropic  impulse,  led  him  to  make  a  venture  in  real  estate  which  was  designed  to  give  working 
people  pleasant  homes  within  easy  distance  of  New  York  city.  The  village  was  destined,  however,  to 
become  the  home  of  the  well-to-do  rather  than  of  the  toiler,  and  when  the  great  merchant  was  no  more  his 
wife's  reverence  for  his  memory  expressed  itself  in  the  enduring  form  of  a  magnificent  cathedral  and  other 
buildings  adapted  to  the  purposes  of  an  episcopal  see.  Ground  was  broken  for  the  cathedral  in  the  summer 
of  1876;  the  corner-stone  was  laid  on  June  27,  1877;  and  the  edifice,  to  which  was  given  the  name  of  the 
Cathedral  of  the  Incarnation,  was  opened  with  imposing  ceremonies  on  April  9,  1885,  being  consecrated  on 
lune  2,  in  the  same  year.  Connected  with  the  cathedral  there  are  a  bishop's  residence  and  a  school.  Under 
the  edifice  is  the  mausoleum,  built  at  a  cost  of  $150,000,  as  the  resting-place  of  the  dead  merchant's  body, 
which  may  or  may  not  be  there,  for  since  it  was  stolen  from  its  temporary  resting-place  in  St.  Mark's  church- 
yard. New  York,  the  public  has  not  been  assured  of  its  recovery.  The  body  of  his  widow  is  certainly  there. 
S.uidstone  from  the  Belleville  quarries  in  New  Jersey  is  the  material  of  which  the  cathedral  is  constructed 
and  the  interior  is  rich  in  carved  wood  and  marble,  while  the  perfection  of  art  is  seen  in  the  many  costly 
windows  that  pierce  the  walls.  The  building,  which  is  pure  Gothic  in  its  architecture,  is  170  feet  long,  with 
a  transept  of  75  feet,  the  nave  being  60  feet  wide.  The  height  from  the  foundation  to  the  apex  of  the  nave 
is  70  feet,  and  the  spire  is  207  feet  high.  The  organ,  which  cost  $100,000,  was  built  by  Hilbourne  L.  Roose- 
velt of  New  York;  and  there  is  a  chime  of  thirteen   bells   in  the  tower.     The  bishop's  residence  is  a  palace 


REAL    ESTATE    AND    SUBURBAN    DEVELOPMENT. 


II7S 


and  the   entire  establishment   is   one  the    magnificence  of  which   contrasts  strangely  with   its  rural  sur- 
roundings. 

STEAM    RAILROADS. 

Long  Island  Railroad. — Although  New  York  harbor  is  the  gateway  of  the  continent,  the  Empire 
State  has  Long  Island  for  its  only  seaboard — an  island  one  hundred  and  twenty  miles  long  and  from  eight 
to  twenty  broad.  For  many  years  the  tide  of  wealth  has  been  flowing  eastward  from  the  metropolis  and 
has  transformed  the  quiet  old  villages  that  were  once  known  only  to  the  farmer  and  the  fisherman.  The 
old  clocks  and  heirlooms  have  been  brought  from  the  shingle-sided  homesteads  and  hung  up  for  ornament 
in  the  villas  of  the  modern  Croesus,  and  the  old  pastures  have  been  cut  up  into  town  lots.  Huge  hotels  oc- 
cupy the  beaches  where  the  fishermen  formerly  spread  their  nets  to  dry,  and  the  land  that  was  considered 
valueless  by  the  acre  a  few  years  ago  is  now  hardly  procurable  by  the  foot.  This  change  has  been  pro- 
duced by  that  wonderful  factor  of  modern  civilization — the  railroad.  Until  almost  the  end  of  the  first  half 
of  the  nineteenth  century.  Long  Island  was  comparatively  isolated  from  the  outside  world.  There  was  no 
communication  by  rail,  and  but  infrequent  trips  by  boat  or  stage.  It  took  the  greater  part  of  a  week  to  go 
from  Brooklyn  to  Easthampton,  or  Orient,  the  journey  being  necessarily  made  in  lumbering  stages,  over 
rough  and  unfrequented  roads,  where  the  diverse  clay  and  sand  of  the  subsoil  was  made  painfully  evident 
by  the  amount  of  difficulty  the  horses  found  in  extricating  the  vehicle  from  its  embraces.    The  many  charm- 


INTERIOR   OF   LOXG    ISLAND    RAILROAD   STATION,   Fl.^TBUSH     AVENUE. 

ing  towns  of  Long  Island  are  now  so  accessible  to  the  people  that  there  is  no  ^^^  f^  f  ^^f/^^^^^^^^^^^ 
New  York   or    Brooklyn   to  Hve    m   crowded    tenements  or   waste  their    income  in   paying    extravagant 

"""And  all  this  change  has  been  brought  about  by  the  wise  foresight  and  enterprise  of  the  Lon.  I,a  d 
Railroad  Company.  The  Brooklyn  and  Jamaica  Railroad,  ^^^^^^^l^^^^^ ^:n:^ ^S^^  to 
was  opened  for  traffic  on  April  r8,  .836;  .t  e^^-ecHrom  So  h  Fe  y  .0  g  Alan^  ^^^^^^^,  ^^^^  ^^^^^^^^ 
Jamaica.     The  Long  Island  Railroad,  which  contemplated  the  bu  Id  ^^^^  ^^^^^ 

received  its  charter  on  April  24,  1834,  and  in  August,  1837,  its  cars  were 


1176  THE    EAGLE   AND    BROOKLYN. 

to  Hicksville,  the  company  having  secured  a  lease  of  the  Brooklyn  and  Jamaica  Railroad.  In  1841  the  line 
was  extended  to  Suffolk  Station,  afterwards  North  Islip,  which  was  abandoned  in  1873;  on  July  25,  1844, 
a  further  extension  of  the  road  to  Greenport  was  formally  opened  for  travel.  Early  in  its  history,  and  soon 
after  connection  with  Greenport  had  been  secured,  the  Long  Island  Railroad  established  a  direct  line  of 
communication  between  Brooklyn,  New  York  and  Boston.  The  route  lay  by  rail  from  this  city  to  Green- 
port, thence  by  steamer  to  Stonington,  and  from  Stonington  to  Boston  by  rail,  via  Providence.  The  profits 
of  this  enterprise  were  wiped  out  by  the  establishment  of  the  Shore  Line  route  and  the  Boston  train  over  the 
Long  Island  road  was  discontinued.  In  1850  the  company  was  in  no  very  encouraging  condition;  $2,000,- 
000  had  been  invested  and  the  tangible  results  of  this  expenditure  were  scarcely  equal  in  value  to  one 
quarter  of  that  sum.  The  road  was  placed  in  the  hands  of  a  receiver  and  in  December,  1S50,  he  advertised 
it  for  sale.  William  E.  Morris  became  president  of  the  company  in  the  early  part  of  1853,  and  in  July  of 
the  same  year  evening  trains  were  placed  on  the  route  between  Brooklyn  and  Yai)hank.  Considerable  op- 
position had  been  manifested  in  Brooklyn  against  running  engines  through  the  city  and  on  November  29, 
1858,  the  stockholders  voted  to  change  the  terminus  of  the  road  from  South  Ferry  to  Hunter's  Point;  this 
was  effected  in  186 1  and  the  old  tunnel  under  Atlantic  street,  extending  from  Columbia  street  to  a  point 
between  Boerum  place  and  Smith  street,  through  which  the  trains  to  and  from  the  ferry  had  passed  since 
1832,  was  closed  up.  Branch  lines  and  independent  routes  have  been  added  to  or  absorbed  by  the  trunk 
route  from  time  to  time.  In  1839,  the  Hempstead  branch  was  opened  between  the  present  site  of  the  vil- 
lage of  Mineola  and  Hempstead,  a  distance  of  two  and  a  half  miles;  and  on  June  26,  1854,  the  New  York 
and  Flushing  Railroad  began  operations  between  Flushing  and  Hunter's  Point.  Some  years  afterwards  it 
was  extended  to  Great  Neck.  .Another  branch,  called  the  Flushing  &  Northside  Railroad,  was  extended 
across  the  four  miles  intervening  between  the  western  suburb  of  Flushing  and  Whitestone,  all  absorbed  by 
the  Long  Island  Railroad  Co.  The  terminus  of  the  road  at  Long  Island  City  was  approached  by  the  five 
miles  of  track  constructed  between  Jamaica  and  Winfield  Junction  and  by  the  Flushing  road.  The  Hicks- 
ville and  Syosset  branch  was  opened  on  July  3,  1854,  and  was  eventually  extended  as  far  as  Northport,  and 
thence  to  Port  Jefferson.  The  latter  of  these  two  extensions  was  built  in  1872  by  a  local  company;  in  1865, 
a  branch  from  Mineola,  northward  to  Roslyn  and  Glen  Cove,  was  opened  and  was  afterwards  extended  to 
Locust  Valley,  which  remained  its  terminus  until  1889,  when  it  was  again  extended  to  Oyster  Bay. 

The  South  Side  Railroad  Company,  organized  in  i860,  and  opened  between  Jamaica  and  Babylon  in 
October,  1867,  was  afterwards  absorbed  by  the  Long  Island  Company;  its  tracks  were  extended  to  Pat- 
chogue  in  1868  and  also  from  Jamaica  to  South  Seventh  street  in  Williamsburgh.  It  also  established  a  line 
between  Valley  Stream  and  Hempstead,  and  between  the  former  place  and  Far  Rockaway.  In  1880, 
another  branch  of  the  same  line  was  constructed  between  Pearsall's  and  Long  Beach.  In  1881,  the  South 
Side  Railroad,  under  the  name  of  the  Brooklyn  &  Montauk,  was  extended  from  Patchogue  to  Eastport, 
and  leased  to  the  Long  Island  Railroad  Company,  which  now  owns  it  and  has  done  for  the  past  five  years. 
In  1869,  the  Central  Railroad  between  Flushing  and  Garden  City  was  projected;  the  late  A.  T.  Stewart 
being  the  capitalist  at  the  back  of  the  enterprise.  A  few  years  after  its  inception  the  road  was  leased  by 
the  Long  Island  Railroad  Company  and  has  since  been  absorbed  and  is  now  owned  by  it.  The  western  por- 
tion of  this  line  has  been  abandoned,  and  the  eastern  extended  to  Babylon.  The  Sag  Harbor  Branch  of 
the  Long  Island  Railroad  was  built  between  Manor  and  Sag  Harbor  in  1869.  Since  1883  the  New  York 
and  Manhattan  Beach  Railroad  Company,  which  was  chartered  in  October,  1876,  and  owns  nineteen  miles 
of  track,  has  been  leased  to  and  operated  by  the  Long  Island  Company. 

On  January  i,  188 1,  Austin  Corbin  acquired  a  control  of  the  Long  Island  Railroad.  The  tracks,  cars 
and  locomotives  were  out  of  repair;  there  were  3,700  passes  out,  and  there  was  $200,000  of  receiver's 
certificates  to  be  gotten  out  of  the  way.  The  new  management  at  once  lopped  off  the  "dead-heads"  and 
set  to  work  to  thoroughly  overhaul  the  plant  in  every  direction.  Within  six  months  they  had  laid  over 
two  hundred  miles  of  steel  rails,  bought  seventy-two  new  locomotives  and  repaired  and  enlarged  the  plant 
correspondingly,  to  put  matters  on  a  business  footing.  At  once  the  receipts  increased  and  despite  the  poor 
financial  condition  of  the  road,  a  progressive  spirit  was  developed  that  resulted  in  the  present  magnificent 
system  presided  over  by  Mr.  Corbin.  On  November  i,  1882,  a  dividend  of  one  per  cent,  quarterly  was 
declared,  just  one  year  and  ten  months  from  the  day  Mr.  Corbin  took  possession,  and  it  is  unprecedented  in 
the  annals  of  railroads  that  a  bankrupt  corporation  which  had  been  struggling  with  adversity  for  years 
should,  in  this  short  period,  become  a  source  of  permanent  revenue  to  the  stockholders.  The  policy 
of  progress  has  been  steadily  maintained  to  the  present  time  and  there  are  now  projected  extensions  and 
connections,  such  as  the  extension  of  the  Port  Jefferson  Branch  to  Wading  River  and  thence  to  Manor 
connecting  at  that  point  with  the  branch  to  p:astport,  on  the  Montauk  Division.  This  will  give  connection 
between  the  north  and  south  shores  at  the  east  end  of  the  Island,  while  the  contemplated  line  from  Garden 
City  to  Flatlands  will  connect  Oyster  Bay  on  the  Sound  with  all  the  beach  along  the  south  shore,  west  from 
Long  Beach.     The  tunnel  from  Flatbush  Avenue  Station  to  and  under  the  East  and  North  Rivers  and  New 


REAL  ESTATE  AND  SUBURBAN  DEVELOPMENT. 


1177 


York  city,  for  which  borings  are  now  being  made,  will  make  it   possible  to  reach   any  point  on  Long  Island 
from  Jersey  City  in  much  less  time  than  it  takes  now  to  reach  it  from  New  York  city. 

The  latest  acquisition  to  the  Long  Island  system  is  the  Prospect  Park  and  Coney  Island  Railroad, 
which  has  13^  miles  of  track;  it  has  a  very  handsome  station  at  Twentieth  street  and  Ninth  avenue, 
Brooklyn,  and  another  fine  spacious  one  at  West  Brighton.  It  owns  one-half  of  the  Union  Depot  at  Fifth 
avenue  and  Thirty-sixth  street.  South  Brooklyn,  with  the  Brooklyn,  Bath  &  West  End  Railway;  but  the 
latter  is  the  property  of  the  Brooklyn  Traction  Company  and  is  not  included  in  the  Long  Island  Railroad 
system.  Trains  from  Bay  Ridge  are  run  direct  to  West  Brighton,  over  what  is  called  the  Culver  Route, 
using  the  Manhattan  beach  Division  of  the  Long  Island  Railroad  to  Parkville,  and  the  Prospect  Park 
&  Coney  Island  Railroad  tracks  from  there  to  West  Brighton  and  to  the  extreme  western  point  of  Coney 
Island,  about  three  miles  single  track,  with  sidings  at  stations.  The  line  from  West  Brighton  to  the  Point 
is  operated  for  about  two  and  one-half  months  every  summer.  The  road  also  has  a  dock  at  Van  Sicklen 
Station,  on  Coney  Island  Creek,  and  small  coasting  vessels  can  reach  it  through  Gravesend  Bay;  it  has 
been  utilized  for  landing  coal,  ice,  etc.  It  is  the  intention  of  the  Long  Island  Railroad  to  run  trains  from 
all  its  terminals  to  West  Brighton,  giving  direct  connection  with  New  York  city.  The  rolling  stock, 
motive  power  and  all  appliances  are  in  fine  condition.  The  road  bed  is  in  as  fine  condition  as  any  in  the 
country.  There  are  eleven  locomotives,  fifty-six  passenger  coaches  and  twenty-two  baggage  and  freight 
cars. 

The  Long  Island  Railroad  now  operates  three  hundred  and  sixty-five  miles  of  track;  it  has  3,381 
employees,  to  whom  it  annually  pays  $1,788,161.  Its  gross  earnings  for  the  last  fiscal  year  amounted  to 
14,171,523.48.  The  rolling  stock  comprises  164  locomotives,  366  passenger  cars,  and  1,545  freight  and 
other  cars;  the  passengers  carried  during  the  year  numbered  14,596,820,  and  dividends  amounting  to  five 
per  cent.,  payable  quarterly,  were  declared  on  the  $12,000,000  capital  stock  of  the  corporation. 

The  Rapid  Transit  system  of  the  Long  Island  Railroad  affords  easy  and  frequent  access  to  rapidly 
developing  sections  of  the  city  and  to  some  of  the  important  suburbs.  The  tracks  of  the  railroad,  from 
the  station  on  Flatbush  avenue,  are  used,  and  about  thirty  trains  are  run  each  way  daily.  Between  Flat- 
bush  avenue  and  the  city  line  stops  are  made  at  intersections  of  Atlantic  avenue,  by  some  of  the  principal 
thoroughfares,  and  the  rate  of  fare  is  the  same  as  on  the  elevated  and  other  city  railroads.  Beyond  the 
city  limits  the  service  extends  to  Woodhaven,  Clarenceville,  Morris  Park,  Dunton,  Jamaica  and  ^Voodhull 
Park.  Connections  are  made  with  the  elevated  and  surface  lines  at  such  points  as  afford  facilities  for  reach- 
ing the  bridge,  ferries,  cemeteries  and  the  other  suburban  lines  of  railroad. 

The  New  York  &  Rockaway  Beach  Railway  Company  was  organized  in  1887  and  is  the  suc- 
cessor of  the  New  York,  Woodhaven  &  Rockaway  Railroad  Company,  which  was  organized  in  1877.  The 
road  extends  from  Glendale  Junction,  L.  I.,  to  Rockaway  Park,  a  distance  of  10.31  miles,  and  was  opened- 
on  August  26,  1880.  Under  a  foreclosure  the  road  was  sold  to  the  existing  company,  in  June,  1887.  By 
contract  with  the  Long  Island  Railroad  Company,  the  tracks  of  that  company  are  used  for  entrance  into 
Bushwick  and  Long  Island  City.  The  Rockaway  branch  of  the  same  road,  extending  from  Hammell's  to 
Far  Rockaway,  is  also  leased.  The  total  length  of  lines  operated  is  a  little  more  than  29  miles.  The  offi- 
cers of  the  corporation  are  Austin  Corbin,  president;  Charles  M.  Pratt,  first  vice-president;  Benjamin  Nor- 
ton, second  vice-president;  G.  S.  Edgell,  treasurer;  J.  Carlsen,  auditor  and  cashier. 

While  each  of  the  lines  from  Brooklyn  to  Coney  Island  may  boast  its  peculiar  advantages  in  respect  to 
the  locality  from  which  it  runs,  the  New  York  c&  Sea  Beach  Railway  is  essentially  the  chosen  route  of 
the  people  in  general  from  all  points  in  New  York,  and  the  favorite  of  many  in  Brooklyn.  It  is  the  air- 
line from  all  parts  of  New  York,  for  the  boats  of  the  Bay  Ridge  ferry  leave  the  foot  of  Whitehall  street,  the 
terminus  of  all  the  elevated  railroads,  and  the  southernmost  point  of  the  city,  and  from  the  Bay  Ridge 
landing  it  runs  due  south  to  its  terminus  in  the  heart  of  Coney  Island's  attractions.  From  Brooklyn  it 
caters  to  all  the  territory  traversed  by  the  Brooklyn  City  Railroad  and  the  Brooklyn-Union  system  of 
elevated  railroads,  both  of  which  carry  passengers  from  any  point  for  a  single  five  cent  fare,  directly  to  its 
station  at  Third  avenue  and  Sixty-fifth  street.  Its  schedule  time  from  New  York  to  Coney  Island  is  37 
minutes,  and  from  Brooklyn  12  minutes.  The  fare  between  Brooklyn  and  Coney  Island  is  ten  cents  either 
way.  Combining  perfect  facilities  of  access  from  all  parts  of  both  cities,  the  shortest  and  most  picturesque 
route,  absolute  care  and  safety  (no  passenger  having  been  killed  or  injured  during  a  period  of  seven  years), 
the  cheapest  fares,  and  the  most  attractive  terminus  at  Coney  Island,  it  is  not  to  be  wondered  at  that  it  is 
the  "popular"  route.  The  foresight  of  its  projectors  resulted  thirteen  years  ago  ,n  the  purchase  for  a 
trilling  sum  of  the  present  immensely  valuable  terminals  at  Bay  Ridge  and  Coney  Island.  I  he  latter 
include  about  thirty  acres  in  the  midst  of  West  Brighton,  upon  which  it  has,  besides  its  own  capacious  ter- 
minal depots  upwards  of  100  tenants,  in  whose  establishments  every  ingenious  device  of  the  human  brain 
is  employed  for  the  entertainment  of  visitors.  The  principal  feature  is  the  immense  building  known  as  the 
Sea  Beach  Palace,  which  was  the  government  exposition  building  at  the  Philadelphia  centennial  exhibition 


1 1 78  THE    EAGLE   AND    BROOKLYN. 

in  1876.  It  was  purchased  where  it  stood  and  transported  in  sections  to  Coney  Island  in  1878.  The  main 
part  of  this  building,  facing  the  sea,  is  a  concert  hall  360  feet  in  length  by  120  in  width,  in  which  a  com- 
modious stage  has  been  erected,  upon  which  all  through  the  afternoon  and  evening  an  excellent  entertain- 
ment is  given  similar  to  that  in  the  Crystal  Palace  at  Sydenham.  In  the  rear  of  this  building, 
approached  by  a  private  street  through  the  company's  grounds,  and  by  bridges  from  its  passenger  stations, 
is  the  fireworks  enclosure  of  James  Pain  &  Sons,  erected  in  1892  and  seating  about  14,000  persons. 

Yet  this  railroad  has  the  usual  history  of  ultimately  profitable  enterprises.  Its  projectors,  longsighted 
though  they  have  proved,  tried  to  bridge  the  stream  with  too  short  a  span.  They  did  not  at  the 
outset  provide  for  sufficient  capital.  The  project  originated  in  the  minds  of  several  wealthy  landowners  in 
New  Utrecht  and  Gravesend,  including  Messrs.  Murphy  and  McCormack  of  Mapleton,  whose  plan  was  to 
build  a  branch  or  extention  of  the  New  York,  Bay  Ridge  &  Jamaica  Railroad,  then  also  existing  only  on 
paper,  such  branch  to  run  from  Bath  Junction  at  the  intersection  of  Gunther's  Railroad  southward  in  a 
straight  line  to  its  lands  at  what  is  now  known  as  West  Brighton.  For  this  purpose  an  agreement  was 
made  with  the  projectors  of  the  New  York,  Bay  Ridge  &  Jamaica  Railroad,  by  which  it  was  provided  that 
the  latter  road  when  built  would  allow  the  New  York  &  Sea  Beach  Railroad  trains  trackage  at  specified 
rates  from  the  Bay  Ridge  ferry  landing  to  Bath  Junction.  Pending  the  construction  of  the  New  York,  Bay 
Ridge  &  Jamaica  Railroad  Company  the  Manhattan  Beach  scheme  was  conceived  and  Mr.  Corbin  and  his 
associates  acquired  in  a  quiet  way  a  controlling  interest  in  the  securities  of  that  railroad,  and  conceiving 
that  the  Sea  Beach  Railroad  would  prove  a  competitor,  they  performed  their  contract  in  an  ingenious  way. 
Knowing  that  the  Sea  Beach  Railroad  had  meanwhile  been  constructed  in  accordance  with  the  original  plan  of 
both  railroads,  with  the  standard  gauge  of  4  feet  8  1-2  inches,  they  proceeded  to  construct  the  New  York, 
Bay  Ridge  &:  Jamaica  Railroad  with  a  narrow  gauge,  and  calmly  requested  the  Sea  Beach  managers  to 
"  come  on  and  take  their  trackage."  Perceiving  that  no  amicable  arrangement  was  practicable,  the  Sea 
Beach  Company  thereupon  decided  to  extend  their  line  parallel  with  Corbin's  tracks  to  Bay  Ridge, 
which  was  done,  and  the  present  valuable  terminals  at  that  place  acquired  from  the  estate  of  Michael 
Bergen. 

The  competition  of  the  Manhattan  Beach  Railway,  then  just  established,  the  Culver  Railway  and  the 
Iron  Steamboats,  combined  with  the  large  expenses  attended  by  the  operation  of  an  independent  boat  ser- 
vice from  New  York,  reduced  the  railway  to  practical  bankruptcy,  but  it  was  in  the  winter  of  1882-3  reor- 
ganized with  ample  capital,  and  the  present  New  York  &  Sea  Beach  Railway  Company  incorporated.  At 
this  stage  of  proceedings  the  prospects  were  most  favorable.  But  by  injudicious  management,  neglect  of 
details,  through  expenditures  too  rapid  for  the  income  of  the  road  and  mistaken  policy  in  the  issue  of  free 
tickets  for  competitive  purposes,  the  road  became  practically  bankrupt  in  August,  1885,  and  on  the  brink  of 
ruin,  with  about  $250,000  of  floating  debt  and  no  money  in  the  treasury.  The  majority  of  the  directors  fa- 
vored foreclosure  of  the  underlying  mortgages,  extinguishment  of  the  stock  and  of  the  accumulated  debts  and 
reorganization  in  the  interest  of  the  bondholders;  but  two  plucky  men  who  had  acquired  confidence  by  ob- 
servation, insisted  that  the  road  was  capable  of  earning  the  amount  of  its  debts  and  should  in  all  honesty  be 
made  to  do  so.  The  burden  of  the  management  was  placed  upon  them  and  with  what  result  a  glance  at 
its  present  balance  sheet  will  indicate.  The  burden  of  floating  debt  has  disappeared,  a  substantial  surplus 
is  shown  and  the  result  of  the  business  of  the  year  ending  September  30,  1892,  indicates  a  profit  in  an  unfa- 
vorable season  of  about  $40,000  over  and  above  all  of  the  expenses  and  interest  charges.  This  little  six- 
mile  railroad  shows  a  passenger  mileage  which  for  the  four  months  of  active  operation  is  only  excelled  by 
the  elevated  railroads  of  New  York  city. 

The  present  officers  of  the  road  are  as  follows:  Alrick  H.  Man,  president;  L.  C.  Lathrop,  vice-presi- 
dent; James  T.  Nelson,  secretary  and  treasurer;   Richard  A.  Larke,  superintendent. 

The  first  railroad  to  Coney  Island  was  owned  by  C.  G.  Gunther,  and  was  commonly  spoken  of  as  ''  Gun- 
ther's Railroad."  It  was  reorganized  and  became  known  as  the  Brooklvn,  Bath  &  Coney  Island  Rail- 
road. Although  adequate  to  the  demands  of  traffic,  the  equipment  of  the  road  was  limited  and  imperfect. 
Responsibility  for  loss  of  life  in  a  serious  accident  which  occurred  in  1883  was  fixed  upon  the  corporation 
and  resulted  in  placing  their  afi'airs  in  the  hands  of  a  receiver.  For  this  position  David  Barnett  was 
selected  by  the  court  and  the  company's  affairs  remained  in  his  hands  for  eighteen  months,  during  which 
period  many  improvements  were  projected  and  a  branch  road  was  graded,  built  and  operated  to  Bay  Ridge. 
In  1885  the  road  was  taken  from  the  control  of  the  receiver  and  sold  at  auction  under  a  foreclosure;  it  was 
purchased  by  a  syndicate  of  Philadelphia  capitalists,  and  the  name  was  changed  to  that  which  it  now  bears. 
The  terminus  and  machine-shops  of  the  company,  formerly  located  at  Twenty-seventh  street  and  Fifth- 
avenue,  are  now  hjcated  at  Unionville,  while  its  Brooklyn  station  is  the  spacious  Union  depot  at  the  corner 
of  Thirty-sixth  street  and  Fifth  avenue. 

The  Brooklyn  cS:  Brighton  Beach  Railroad  Company  was  chartered  in  1887  and  purchased  the 
property  of  the  Brooklyn,  Flatbush  &  Coney  Island  Railroad  Company,  which  was  sold  under  foreclosure. 


REAL    ESTATE    AND    SUBURBAN    DEVELOPMENT. 


1179 


The  last-named  company  was  formed  in  1877  and  its  road  was  opened  on  July  2,  1878;  it  extends  from 
Atlantic  avenue,  Brooklyn,  to  Brighton  Beach,  a  distance  of  7.5  miles.  James  Jourdan  is  president,  and 
E.  L.  Langford  secretary,  of  the  e.xisting  corporation. 

The  Brooklyn  &  Rockaway  Beach  Railroad  Company  was  chartered  on  December  4,  1863,  and 
its  road  was  opened  in  October,  1865.  The  road  extends  from  East  New  York  to  Canarsie  Landing  and  its 
length  is  3. .5  miles.  The  officers  are  Henry  H.  Adams,  president;  Joseph  E.  Palmer,  secretary  and  treas- 
urer. 


Bay  Ridge  Ferry  and  Station  of  the  New  York  and  Sea  Beach  Railway. 


ERRATA. 

Page  46,  Line  2.     For  "Nicholls,"  read  "Nicolls." 
Page  431,  Line  43.     For  "Devens,"  reao  "Thomas  C.  Devin." 
Page  453,  Line  23,     For  "candidacy,"  read  "candidate," 
Page  457,  Line  i.     For  "fifth  district,"  read  "sixth  district." 
Page  671,   Line  30-1.     For  "Third  street,"  read  "Third  avenue." 

Page  833,  Title  to  illustration  of  47TH  Regiment  Armory,     For  "North  Portland  Avenue,"  read   "  Marcy 
Avenue." 


INDEX. 


A 

Page. 

Abbey,  The 76 

Abolilion  Movement,  The 286 

Academies  in  Brooklyn.      (6tv    Educa- 
tional Iiislitutions.  ] 

Academy  of  Music 216,  990 

Administrative  Powers,  Officials  vested 

with 36S 

Administrator,  Public,  The  Office  of. . .  377 
Admiralty     Jurisdiction      of      U.     S. 

Courts 431 

Aldermen  and  their   Powers 365 

Allgeo  House.  The Si 

Almshouse,  The  County 192 

Alarm,   The    Instantaneous    Au.^iliary 

Fire 372 

Alarms  for  Fires,   Development  of  the 

System  of 371 

Albany,  First  Occupation  of  Site  of...  34 

Alsop  House 77 

Amateur  Photography.      [See    Associa- 

Iwns. ) 195 

AraateurTheatricals.  (See Associations.)  996 
Amersfoort,    New    (Flatlands,)    38,   39,    48 

"37 

Amsterdam,  Fort 35 

Anderson's  Zoua\es i  57 

Andre,  the  Spy,  in  Brooklyn 79 

Anglo-American  Dry  Docks 183 

"Anne.x"    Ferry    of  the    Pennsylvania 

R.  R 16S 

Anniversary  Day  Parade 169,  546 

Apartment  Houses  and  Flats  : 

Alhambra,  The 218 

Brevoort,  The 218 

Fougera,  The   21S 

Imperial,  I'he 224 

Montrose,  The    217 

Renaissance,  The 224 

Appointive  Citv  Officers 368 

Apprentices'  Library.  (See  also  Brooklyn 

Institute. ) 70 

Architectural  Features  of  Brooklyn,  18;,  216 

1107 

Area  of  Brooklyn 49.  73,  '4° 

Armories  of  the  National  Guard... .  170,  194 
Art  Clubs,  (See  Asioeiatioiis) 

Art  Collections, 195 

Private  : 

Barrie,  Alexander 804 

Barclay,  George  C 806 

Chapman,  Henry  T.,  Jr 794 

Co.x,  Henry  T 791 

BeSilver,  Carll  H Soi 

HoaglantJ,  Joseph  C 797 

James  John  S 802 

Johnson,  Henry  M 792 

Ladd,  John  B 799 

Lyall,  David  C 790 

Martin,  John  T 787 

Secconib,  Edward  A S07 

Art  Schools  : 

Academy  of  Design   781 

Adelphi  Academy 781 

Graham 780 

Polytechnic  Institute 781 

Pfatt  Institute 782 


P.^GE. 

Art  Schools  : — Continued. 

School  of  Fine  Arts  of  Brooklyn  Art 

Association 7S3 

.Artists  of  Brooklyn 783 

.\ssessors,  Boaid  of 369 

.Associations  : 

Amateur  Theatrical  : 

Amaranth ngQ 

Amateur  Opera  Association  .  ..810,  1002 

J^ooth 1008 

Entie  Nous 996 

Florence ,008 

Gilbert 1003 

Kendal 1008 

Melpomene 1004 

Miscellaneous 1009 

Art  : 

Academy  of  Design 78 1 

Brooklyn    Academy    of    Photogra- 
phy   7S6 

Brooklyn  Art  Association 216,  781 

Brooklyn  Art  Club 782 

Brooklyn    Institute  Department  of 

Photography 786 

Brooklyn  Society  of  Amateur  Pho- 
tographers    786 

Rembrandt  Club 782 

Sketch  Club 780 

Benevolent :   (See  also  Charities  and 
Hospital.^): 
Brooklyn     Kindergarten    Associa- 
tion    655 

Charitable    Organizations,    Miscel- 
laneous   660 

Factory  Cjirls'  Im]3rovement  Club..  656 

F'emale  Employment  .Society 636 

Greenwood    Benevolent   and   Ath- 
letic Association 1042 

Hebrew  Free  School  Association..  640 

Hebrew  Orphan  Asylum  Society.  .  65s 

Holy  Innocents  Union 655 

Home    Association    for    Working 

Women  and  Girls 656 

Hospital     Saturday    and     .Sunday 

Association 659 

Roman    Catholic  Orphan    A.sylum 

Society 653 

Society  for   Prevention  of  Cruelly 

to  Animals 163,  660 

Society  for  Prevention  of  Cruelty 

to  Children 652 

Society  of  .St  Vincent  de  Paul 651 

State  Charities  Aid  Association..  651 

Union  for  Christian  Work 648 

Willianisburgh  Benevolent  .Society  659 
Women's     VVork     E.xchange    and 

Decorative  Art  Society 656 

Literary  : 

Bryant  Literary  Society 779 

•  Cercle  Parisien 780 

Field's  (Mrs.)  Literary  Club 7S0 

Franklin  Literary  Society 779 

Hamilton  Literary  Association 842 

Tabard,  The 7'';o 

Woman's  Club,  Brooklyn 985 

Memorial  and  Historical: 

Brooklyn  Society  of  Vernionters. .  984 


Pace. 
Memorial  and  Historical  : — Cont'd. 
lirooklyn      \'olunteer       p'ii  emeu's 

Association 984 

Daughters  of  the  Revolution 984 

Exempt      F'iremen's      Association, 

E.  D 985 

E.xempt     Firemen's     Asssociation, 

New  Lots 9S5 

Exempt      Firemen's     Association, 

W.D 9S5 

German  Societies,  Miscellaneous. .  987 

Grand  Army  of  the  Republic 959 

Hebrew  Societies,  Miscellaneous..  987 

Italian  Societies,  Miscellaneous....  987 
Long  Island  Historical  Society.  217,  971 

New  England  Social  Society 984 

New  England  Society 9S2 

Scandinavian    Societies,    Miscella- 
neous   987 

Scottish  Societies,  Miscellaneous.  .  988 

Society  of  Old  Brooklynites 169,  974 

Sons  of  the  Revolution' 968 

Sons  of  Veterans 984 

Spanish  Societies,  Miscellaneous. .  988 
Si.    Nicholas    Society   of    Nassau 

Island 984 

Union  Veteran  Legion 966 

Veteran  Volunteer  Firemen 985 

Women's  Relief  Corps 984 

Musical : 

Amateur  Opera  Association.  .  .810,  1002 

Amphion  Society 8ro,  992 

Apollo  Club 810 

Cecilian,  The  Brooklyn 810 

Choral  Society,  The  Brooklyn....  Sio 

Juanita  Musical   Club 940 

Philharmonic  .Society 809,  990 

Sacred  Music  Society 809 

.Seidl  Society 810 

Miscellaneous 810 

Religious  : 

Baptist     Association,     The     Long 

Island 639 

Baptist  Church  Extension  Society.  639 

Baptist  .Social  Union 639 

Baptist  Union,  The  Young  People's  639 
Bible  Society,  The  Brooklyn  City..  637 
Brooklyn  Sunday-School  Union....  545 
Christian   Endeavor,    Young    Peo- 
ple's Society  for 638 

Cit\'  Bible  Society,  The  Brooklvn..  637 

Citv  Mission  and  Tract  Societv. ...  637 

Congregational  Club 639 

Edward  Richardson  Memorial  Mis- 
sion   640 

Epworth  League 638 

F'oreign    Sunday-School     Associa- 
tion    547 

Grand  Eigne  Mission 639 

King's  Daughters,  The  Order  of..  .  637 
Methodist        Episcopal        Church 

Society 638 

Presbyterian  Social  Union 639 

Ramabai  Circle 63S 

.Spiritualistic  .Societies 640 

Sunday-School     Association,    For- 
eign   545 


INDEX. 


Pacr. 
Religious  : — Con/imtei/. 

Sunday-Sciiool  Union,  Krooklvn  ..  .  545 

Theosophical    Society 640 

Union   Missionary    Training   Insti- 
tute   640 

Unitarian  Club 639 

Unitarian  Women's    League 639 

Waverly  Young  Men's  Club    640 

Woman's    Auxiliary    of     tlie    City 

Mission    637 

Women's    Board  of    Foreign   Mis- 
sions      640 

Women's  Indian  Association 63S 

Young    Men's    Cliristian    Associa- 
tion, Brooklyn 634 

Young    Men's    Christian    Associa- 
tion, Crernian 635 

Young    Men's    Christian    Asstjcia- 

tion,  Greenpoint 636 

Young  Women's  Christian  Associa- 
tion    61^6 

Secret  Societies  : 

Ancient  Order  of  Foresters 956 

Ancient  Order  of  United  Working- 
men  95S 

Benevolent    Protective     Order     of 

Elks 956 

Catholic  Knights  of  America 957 

Friendly  Sons  of  St.  Patrick 958 

Home  Circle 957 

Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows  955 

Knights  and  Ladies  of   Honor. .  .  .  957 

Knights  of  Honor 956 

Knights  of  the  Golden  Eagle 957 

Knights  of  the  Maccabees 95S 

Kniglits  of  Pythias 956 

Knights  of  St.  John  and  .Malta.    .  957 

Legion  of  Honor,  American 957 

Masonic  Bodies 945,  946 

Mystic  Shrine 946 

Order  of  Mutual  Protection 95S 

Order  of   Red    Men 956 

Order    of    United    Am_-rican     M_'- 

chanics 95S 

Royal  Arcanum 937 

United  Friends    957 

United  Order  of  Druids 957 

Social  Clubs: 

Acme  Club   939 

Algonquin  Club 940 

Aurora  Grata  Club   945 

Brooklyn  Club S62 

Brunswick  Club 94[ 

Carleton  Club 925 

Clover  Club 941 

Columbian  Club   938 

Constitution  Club 931 

Eckford  Club 939 

E.\celsior  Club .  S60 

Friendship  Club 939 

Germania  Club 860 

Hamilton  Club 842 

Hanover  Club 887 

Home  Club 938 

Ihpetonga,  The 943,  944 

Irving  Club 940 

Juanita  Club 940 

Laurence  Club 92S 

Lincoln  Club 881 

Manhasset  Club 940 

Merchants'  Club 939 

Midwood  Club 936 

Montauk  Club 917 

Nonchalant  Club 1003 

Original  Fourteen  Club 940 

O.xford  Club 909 

Press  Club,  Brooklyn 941 

Putnam  Club 940 

Union  Cltib. .  .    939 

Union  League  Club 444,  863 

Waverly  Young  Men's  Club 640 

Windsor  Club 939 

Woman's  Club,  Brooklyn 985 

Special  Organizations  : 

Aurora  Grata  Association  .......  946 

Brooklyn  Bar  Association,    986 

Emerald  .Association 958 

Medical  Societies,  Miscellaneous..  146 

662,  9SS 


Page. 
Special  Organizations  : — Cotitinttcd. 

Miscellaneous  Societies 9S8 

Stenographers'  Ass'n,  Brooklyn.  .  .      986 

St.  Patrick  Society 95^ 

Temperance  ( )rganizations 986 

Theatrical   Mechanical  Association     958 

Asylum,  The  County  Insane 192,  37S 

Athletics.      (See  Sports,  etc.) 

Athletic  Sports  Favored ^9^ 

Atlantic  Basin 138 

Atlantic  Docks 133.  183 

Attorney,  The  Office  of  District 377 

Attorneys,  The  U.  S.  District 432 

Audit,  Department  of 368 

Auditor,  The  Office  of  County 377 

B 

b.^nkingand  fl.\.\ncial  interests, 

Advance  of 196 

Bankruptcy,   U.  S.  Registers  in 432 

Banks.      (See  Financial  Institutions.) 
Banvard's      "  Brooklyn      Sixty     Years 

Ago," 91 

Baptist  Churches,  Comity  of  the 605 

Baptists  ill  Brooklyn,  Early  Histor\'  of  541 
Bar  of  Kings  County.      (Also  See  Juris- 

prndence) 467 

Barney  Black  Rifles 1 57 

Bath  Beach 1 1  52 

Battle  of  Brooklyn 52 

"  Battle  of   Brooklyn,"   the    First   Play 

Enacted  in  Brooklyn 989 

Battle  of  Long  Island 52 

Battle  Pass 340 

Ba.\ter  Light  Guards 1  56 

Bay  Ridge 11 52 

Beauties  of  Fifty  Years  Ago 135 

Bedford 63 

Bedford  Green "^t^}, 

Bedford  Park 335 

Bedford  Region 188 

Beecher  Family,  The 283 

Beecher's  Death   171 

"  Bee-Hive  "  Mrs.   Wells' 75 

Bench    of    Kings    County.       (Also   See 

Juris f'vtidence.) 467 

Benevolent  Institutions.  (See  Charities.) 

Benson  Family,  The 79 

Hensonhurst-by-the-Sea 1 148 

Bergen  and  Rapelje  Families  United...  76 

Bergen  Estate 76 

Bergen  Family,  The 76,  289 

Bergen  Houses,  The 78 

Birthplace  of    Free    Schools,  Brooklyn 

the 709 

Black  Horse  Tavern 76 

Bliss' Cavalry  (5th) 155 

Blizzard  of  March  12,  1888 172 

Block,  E.xplorations  by  Adriaen 34 

Blythebourne 1152 

Board  of  Education 711,714 

Board  of  Health  Provided  For 162 

Bogart  Family,  The 76 

"  Bossisni  "  in  Politics 439,  442 

Boswyck  or  Bushvvick  .Settled      40 

Boundaries  of  Brooklyn 67,181,  1104 

Bounty  Fund,  The 148 

Bounty  Jumping  in  the  Civil  War 149 

Box,  Fort 60 

Breuckelen,  (  Brooklyn)  First  Village  of  39 

Breuckelen,  First  Town  of 40 

Breuckelen  in  Holland. .    40 

Bridge,  New  York  and  Brooklyn..  ..165,  184 

Bridging  East  River  Discussed 64,  136 

British   Troops  Landed    at   Gravesend 

Bay 52 

Broadway  and  its  History igo 

Brooklyn  and  WiUiamsburgh   Consoli- 
dated    140 

Area  of 49,  50,  73,  140 

Battle  of   52 

Boundaries  of 67,  181,  1 104 

Civil  War,  In  the 145 

Early  Settlers 40 

F^nglish  Patent  Granted 48 

Ferries 137,    184 

First  Division  into  Districts 6^ 

First  House  Built 38 


Page. 
Brooklyn  and  WiUiamsburgh  Consoli- 
dated— Continued. 

First  Nesvspaper 63 

Urst  Physician 68 

First  Settlement 37 

(Jas  Light  Company 70 

General  Description  of 181 

Government 192 

Incorporated  as  a  Village 67 

Institute 70,  189,  741 

Phalanx,   or   1st    Long    Island  Regt.  149 

Physicians,  Patriotism  of 146 

Population.  ...63,  70,  73,  139,  169,  197,  365 

Recognized  as  a  Town 63 

Reporter,  The  First 92 

Revolution,  In  the 51 

Securities 516 

Settlement 39 

Streets 50,  186 

Theatre,  Burning  of  in  1876 167,  590 

Troops  in  the  Civil  War 148,154 

Tov\n  Records,  Loss  of 60 

Village  Boundaries   67 

Village  Districts  as  City  Wards 365 

Village  Trustees 60 

Brooklyn  Daily  Eagle,  Founding  of  the  87 

Early  Editors 92 

Staff  in  1S63 97 

Staff  in    1892 Ill 

First  Sunday  Edition 94 

Old  Home loi 

New  Home 103 

Prizes  for  Athletes 100 

Eagle  Almanac   110 

Brooklyn's  Victory  over  Cincinnati,  1864  152 

Ihownsville 1 107 

Buccaneers  on  Long  Island  Shores....  50 
Buildings:  (Also  See  Associatiojis.) 

Academy  of  M  usic 216 

Art  Associaion 216 

Brooklyn  City  Railroad  Company.  ..  198 

Brooklyn  Library 216,  772 

Burt  Building 227 

Eagle  Building 217 

Edison  Electric  Illuminating  Co. .. .  204 

F'cderal  Building 217,  429 

Liebmann 226 

Long  Island  Historical  Society 217 

Thomas  Jefferson,  The 443 

Young  Men's  Christian  Association.  170 

Buildings,  Commissioner  of 372 

Bull's  Plead  Tavern 76 

Bushwick 40,  48,  73,  188,  366,  1105 

Bushwick  Consolidated  with  Brooklyn.  366 

Bushwick  Park 335 

Business  Interests 196 

Business  Places,  The  Old-time 141 

Business  Stimulated  by  the  Civil  War.  161 

Busts.      (See  Monuntents.) 

Buttermilk  Channel 1S3 


Calhoun's  Estimate  of  Beecher....  286 

Calvary  Cemetery 360 

Carroll    Park 334,  350 

Casket  Sociables,  The 942 

Catherine  Street  Ferry 63,  288 

Catholic  Cathedral  Corner  Stone  Laid.  164 
Cemeteries  : 

Calvary 360 

Crematory,  The  Fresh  Pond 362 

Cypress  Hills 359 

Evergreen,  The 357 

F'resh  Pond  Crematory 362 

F'riends'  Cemetery 338,  362 

Greenwood 183,  353 

Hebrew  Cemeteries 302 

Holy  Cross 360 

Lutheran 360 

Quaker  Burying-Ground 362 

Union 360 

Chapin  Primary  Election  Law,  The. . . .  270 

Charitable  Societies  and  Institutions.  647 
Charities  (See  also  Associations,  County 
Institutions,  and  Hospitals): 

P>aptist  Home 657 

Brooklyn  Association  for  Improving 

the  Condition  of  the  Poor 649 


INDEX. 


1183 


Page. 
Charities — Continued. 

llrooUlyn  Benevolent  Society 650 

Brooklyn  Bureau  of  Charities   64S 

Brooidyn  Guild  Association 660 

Brooklyn  Orphan  Asylum 653 

Brooklyn  Industrial  School  Associa- 
tion and  Home  for  Destitute  Chil- 
dren   653 

Brooklyn  Society  for  the  Relief  of 
Respectable,  Aged,  Indigent  Fe- 
males    657 

Brooklyn  'I'raining  School  and  Home 

for  Young  Girls 653 

lirooklyn  Truant  Home 654 

Bureau   of   Employment    and    Kmer- 

gency  Fund  of  the  G.  A.  R 65S 

Children's  Aid  Society 651 

Christian  Rescue  Temperance  Union  659 

Convent  of  the  Sisters  of  Mercy 655 

Eastern  District  Industrial  School  ..  654 

Flower  and  Fruit  Charity 659 

Garfield  Memorial  Home 667 

German  Evangelical  Home 650 

Greenpoint  Home  for  the  Aged 657 

Home  for  Aged  Men 657 

Home  for  the  Aged 657 

Home   for    Friendless    Women    and 

Children 656 

House  of  the  Good  Shepherd 656 

Howard  Colored  Orphan  Asylum.    .  656 

Memorial  House  of  Industry   f5S 

Methodist  Episcopal   Church  Home 

for  the  Aged  and  Infirm 657 

Old  Ladies'  Home   657 

Sheltering  Arms  Nursery 655 

St.  Phebe's  Mission 649 

St.  Vincent's  Home 653 

Wavside  Home 656 

Charities,  Brooklyn's  Private 193 

Charities  Commissioners  convicted  of 

Malfeasance 37S 

Charities,  Board  of  Commissioners  of-  ■  37S 

Charity  Balls 94^ 

Children's  May-Day  Parade 169,  546 

Chinese  Sunday-Schools 54S 

Chittenden  Family,  The 294 

Cholera  Epidemic  of  1850 136 

Cholera's  Return  in  1854 140 

Chop-houses  of  Early  Brooklyn 141 

Christiaensen,  Explorations  by  Henry.  34 

Christian  Commission 1 54 

Christian  Endeavor  Union,  Mass  Meet- 
ing of 175 

Christian     Union,    The,    as    Beecher's 

Paper 287 

Cholera  Epidemic  of  1850   175 

Chronology,  18S6  until    1893 175 

Churches  of  Brooklyn 73-  '93 

Churches  : 
Baptist: 

Bedford  Avenue   607 

Bedford  Heights 607 

Bethany 608 

Bushwick  Avenue 60S 

Calvary 608 

Centennial 608 

Central 606 

Central,  E.  D 60S 

Concord  ( Colored) 607 

East  End 60S 

Emmanuel 611 

First 54',  605 

First,  East  New  York 60S 

First,  E.D 607 

First  German,  E.D 6t2 

First  German,  South  Brooklyn. ...  612 

First  Greenpoint 6ro 

First  in  Pierrepont  Street 605 

First  Swedish 609 

Greene  Avenue 610 

Greenwood 610 

Hanson  Place 610 

Hope 612 

Marcy  Avenue 607 

Memorial 60S 

Messiah 610 

Ocean  Hill 6ro 

Pilgrim 610 

Second,  E.D Cn 


P.ir.E. 
C  h  urch  es —  Coiitin  ued. 
Baptist — Coiitmued. 

Second  German  (Harrison  Avenue)  611 

Sixth  Avenue 610 

Strong  Place 606 

Tabernacle 612 

Trinity 611 

Union  Avenue 611 

West  End 611 

Washington  .Avenue 608 

Wyckoff  Avenue 611 

Catholic.    (See  Roman    Catholic   and 
Miscellaiieous. ) 

Campbellites.    [See  C/inrJi  0/ C/inst.) 

Congregational  ; 

Beecher  Memorial 625 

Bushwick  Avenue 628 

Central ...  625 

Church  of  the  Pilgrims 543,  620 

Clinton  Avenue 624 

East 62S 

First  Free 62  [ 

Lee  Avenue 627 

Lewis  .Avenue 62S 

Mayflower  Mission 547,  623 

Nazarene 628 

New  England 624 

Pilgrim  Chapel 547,  620 

Pilgrim  (Swedish) 62S 

Plymouth 284.  544,  62 1 

Plymouth  Church  Bethel 623 

Puritan 624 

Rockaway  Avenue 628 

Rochester  Avenue 628 

South    624 

Stuyvesant  Avenue 628 

Tompkins  Avenue    626 

Trinity 627 

Union    628 

Church  of  Christ,  or  Disciples: 

Humboldt  Street 631 

Sterling  Place 631 

Disciples.     [See  Church  of  Christ.) 

Dutch  Reformed.     (See  Reformed) 

Episcopal,    (See    Protestant    Episco- 
pal.) 

Friends.      (See  Society  of  Friends.) 

German  Evangelical  Association  : 

East  New  York   617 

Harrison  Avenue 617 

Jefferson  Avenue 617 

Melrose  Street 617 

St.  Paul's 617 

Zion 617 

German  Protestant  Churches,  (Other)  : 

Bethany 617 

German  Evangelical 617 

German  Evangelical  Reformed....  617 

German  Protestant  Evangelical...  617 

Jewish  Synagogues  : 

Ahavath  Achim  Synagogue 631 

Baith  Israel  Synagogue 631 

Beth-El  Synagogue (>y 

Beth  Elohim  Synagogue 631 

Beth  Jacob  Synagogue 631 

Bikur  Cholim  Synagogue 631 

Cook  Street  Synagogue 632 

Temple  Beth  Elohim 631 

Temple  Israel 631 

Lutheran  : 

V,(iMe\\em  (Marion  street) 615 

Bethlehem  (Pacific  street) 617 

Emmanuel  (Driggs  avenue) 6t6 

Emmanuel  (Seventh  street)   6[6 

German  Evangelical 54j>  614 

Grace 616 

Norwegian  .Seaman's 616 

Our  Saviour  (Danish) 616 

Our  Saviour  (Norivegian) 617 

^l.  ??i\.\\'?,  (Henry  street) 616 

St.  Paul's  (Palmetto  street) 617 

St.  Paul's  Swedish  Mission 617 

St.  Paul's  (  \Vycl;off  street) 616 

St.  Peter's  Evangelical 614 

Trinity   Lutheran 6(6 

Trinity  (Harrison  street) 615 

Trinity  (Norwegian) 615 

Wartburg  Chapel 617 

Zion 6'5 


Pace, 
C  h  u  rches — Continued. 

Lutheran' —  Continued. 

St.  Johannes' 616 

St.  John's  (German) 616 

St.  John's,  Greenpoint 616 

St.  John's  (Liberty  avenue) 615 

St.  Luke's 61 5 

St.  Mark's 616 

St.  Matthew's  (English) 616 

.St.  Matthew's  (German) 616 

St.  Paul's,  E.  D 614 

Methodist  Episcopal : 

Andrews 574 

Bethany  (Swedish ) 57 5 

Bethel  Ship  Mission 574 

Bushwick  Avenue 575 

Carroll  Park 573 

Central 574 

DeKalb  Avenue 573 

Eighteenth  Street 570 

Emanuel  (Szoedish ) 573 

Embury 572 

Epworth 574 

First,  Greenpoint 574 

First  Place 575 

Fleet  Street 575 

Fourth  Avenue 576 

Francis 574 

Goodsell 576 

Grace 57  ^ 

Hanson    Place 568 

Janes 566 

Johnson  Street 573 

Knickerbocker  Avenue 573 

Leonard  Street 575 

New  York  Avenue.         567 

North  Fifth  Street 575 

Nostrand  Avenue 570 

Powers  .Street 573 

Russell  Place 576 

Sands  Street  Memorial 540,  566 

Simpson 573 

Sixth  Avenue 575 

St.  John's 572 

South  Second  Street 574 

South  Third  Street 574 

St.  Luke's 574 

St.   Paul's 575 

Summerfield 568 

Sunnier  Avenue 567 

Swedish  Bethany 575 

Swedish  Emanuel 573 

Tabernacle 574 

Throop  Avenue 575 

York  Street 575 

Warren  Street 573 

Wesley 576 

Williams  Avenue 573 

Methodist  Episcopal,  Colored : 

African  Wesleyan 540,  576 

Fleet  Street 576 

St.  John's 576 

Union  Bethel 576 

Union  Zion 576 

Methodist  Episcopal,  German  : 

First  German 576 

Greene  Avenue 576 

St.  John's 576 

Wyckoff  Street 576 

Methodist,  Miscellaneous  ; 

Bedford  Avenue  Tabernacle 576 

Fifth   Avenue    Methodist    Protest- 
ant   577 

First  Free  Methodist 577 

First  Primitive  Methodist 577 

Lebanon  Mission 577 

Monroe  Street  Primitive  Methodist  577 

Orchard  Primitive  Methodist 577 

Trinity  Methodist  Protestant 577 

Welcome  Primitive  Methodist. ...  577 

New  Church.    (See  Swedenborgian.) 

Miscellaneous  : 

Berean  Evangelical 632 

Christian  Church  of  the  Evangel.  .  632 

Christian  Scientists 633 

Church  of  God 632 

Citv  Pulpit 632 

First  Free  Baptist 632 

p'irst  Moravian 632 


ii84 


INDEX. 


Pagr. 
Churches  : 

Miscellaneous — Contbiiied. 

First  Particular  Baptist d},}, 

Household  of  Faith 632 

Mormons   633 

Reformed  Catholic 632 

Sec(jud  Advent  [Pilgrim] 633 

Presbyterian  : 

Ainslie  Street 599 

Arlington  Avenue 603 

Bethany 603 

Classon  Avenue    600 

Cumberland  Street 602 

Duryea 602 

Fifth  German 602 

First 541,  593 

First  German 602 

Franklin  Avenue 600 

Friedeuskirche   602 

Cirace 602 

Greene  Avenue 604 

Hopkins  Street 602 

Lafayette  Avenue 596 

Memorial 603 

Mount  Olivet 603 

Noble  Street ....    603 

Prospect   Heights 603 

Reformed 604 

Ross  Street 604 

Second 599 

Silvan  { Colored) 603 

South    547 

South  Third  Street    601 

Tabernacle    547,  593 

Throop  Avenue    601 

Throop  Avenue  Mission 602 

United,  First 604 

United,  Second 604 

Westminister 600 

Protestant  E]:)iscopal. 

All  Saints' 564 

Atonement 564 

Calvary 563 

Christ 560 

Christ,  E.  D 561 

Emmanuel 565 

Good  Shepherd 563 

Grace  Church  on  the  Heights 561 

Grace,  E.  1) 564 

Holy  Comforter  Chapel 565 

Holy  Trinity 557 

Messiah 558 

Our  Saviour 563 

Redeemer 562 

St-  Andrew's 565 

St.  Ann's   539,  556 

St.  Augustine's 565 

St.  Bartholomew's 565 

St.  Clement's 564 

St.  David's 565 

St.  George's 565 

St.  James' 563 

St.  John's 561 

St.  John's  Chapel 565 

St.  Luke's 559 

St.  Margaret's  Chapel 565 

St.  Mark's 564 

St.  Mark's,  E.   D 563 

St.  Mary's 563 

St.  Matthew's 564 

St.  Paul's 562 

.St.   Peter's 562 

St.  .Stejihen's 565 

St.  Thomas' 565 

St.  Timothy's 565 

Trinity  Church  of  East  New  York  565 

Quakers.         (See  Society  of  Frieiuis.) 

Reformed  Dutch  : 

Bedford 554 

Bedford  Avenue 552 

Bethany   Chapel 554 

Bush  wick 553 

Centennial  Chapel 554 

East  New  York 552 

First 537,  550 

F  latbush,  The  Church  at 537,  548 

Heights 551 

Kent   Street 553 

New 554 


P.^GE. 

Churches : 

Reformed  Dutch — Con/iinted. 

New  Lots 554 

North 554 

Ocean  Hill 554 

South  Bushwick 554 

St.  Peter's 554 

Twelfth  Street 554 

Reformed  Episcopal  ; 

Reconciliation 629 

I<edemption 629 

Roman  Catholic  : 

All  Saints' 590 

Annunciation 5*^9 

Assumption 540,  581 

Blessed  Sacrament 59^ 

Fourteen  Holy  Martyrs 592 

Holy  Family  '.German) 5S2 

Holy  Name 5S2 

Immaculate  Concepti(jn 590 

Most  Holy  Rosary 592 

Most  Holy  Trinity 540,  579 

Nativity   5S4 

Our  Lady  of  Good  Counsel 592 

Our  Lady  of  Mercy 58S 

Our  Lady  of  Mt.  Carmel 592 

Our  Lady  of  .Sorrows 590 

Our  Lady  of  Victory 5S9 

Presentation 590 

Sacred   Heart 5S9 

Sacred  Heart  of  Jesus  and  Mary  . .  588 

Ss.  Peter  and  Paul 579 

St.  Agnes 588 

St.  Alphonsus' 586 

St.  Ambro.se 5S8 

St.  Anne's 5S9 

St.  Anthony  of  Padua 588 

St.  Augustine 5S2 

St.  Benedict's 587 

St.  Bernard's  ( t7c';v^/<//;) 5S1 

St.  Boniface 581 

St.  Bridget's 586 

St.  Cassimir's 590 

St.  Cecilia 581 

St.  Charles  Piorromeo 5S1 

St.  Edward's 588 

St.  Francis' 586 

St.  Francis  Xavier 589 

St.  George's  Lithuanian 592 

St.  James' 540,  579 

St.  John's  Chapel 581 

St.  John  the  Evangelist 5S7 

St.  Joseph's 589 

St.  Leonard  of  Port  Maurice  (Gtv.)  592 

St.  Louis 581 

St.  Malachi's   591 

St.  Mary  Star  of  the  Sea 5S1 

St.  Matthew's 591 

.St.  Michael  Archangel 590 

St.  Michael's 586 

St.  Michael's  (Germafi) 5S8 

St.  Nicholas 588 

St.  Patrick's 586 

St.  Paul's 590 

St.  Peter's 586 

.St.  Stephen's 590 

St.   Teresa 588 

St.  Thomas  Aquinas 590 

.St.  Vincent  de  Paul 589 

Transfiguration 587 

Visitation 586 

Society  of  Friends  : 

Hicksite   Meeting, 630 

Orthodox  Meeting, 630 

Swedenborgian  : 

Brooklyn     Society    of     the    New 

Church 629 

First  (,;erman  New  Church  Society  629 

Unitarian  : 

Church  of  the  Saviour 612 

.Second 613 

Unity  (Third) 614 

Willow  Place  Chapel 614 

Universalist  : 

All   Souls    618 

Church  of  Our  Father 61S 

Church  of  the  Good  Tidings 619 

Church  of  the  Reconciliation 619 

Prospect  Heights 619 


Pace. 
Churches  in  Brooklyn,  The  Earliest.  . .     537 

Church  Statistics  of  Brooklyn 193,  545 

Ciucmnati's  Challenge  to  Brooklyn 152 

Cisterns  for  the  Fire  Department 74 

City  and  County,  Close  Relations  of. .  .     192 
City  Charters  and  Amendments  There- 
to      365 

City  Government,  The  Early  System  of  365 
City  Government,  Present  System  of.  .     366 

City  Hall,  The 73,  189,  366 

City  Hall   Park 334.  .351 

City  Hall  Park,  A  Recruiting  Camp...      148 
"  City  of  Churches,"  Brooklyn's  Appel- 
lation of 537 

City  Park 140,  332,  333,  350 

City  Treasurer,  The  Office  of 368 

City  Works,  Department  of 372 

Civic  Protection  of  the  Navy  Yard. . . .      147 

Civil  Service  Commissioners 374 

Civil  Service  Rules  in  Police  Depart- 

inent 170 

Civil  War,  Brooklyn  in  the 145 

Clarenceville 1172 

Clarksons,  Homestead  of  the 81,936 

Clarkson  House.  [Midwood  Club.)  81,84,  93^ 

Clover  Hill.     ( Coliwibia  Heiglits.) 332 

Clove  Road,  The  Old 190 

Club  Life  in  Brooklyn 194,  842 

C 1  ubs.      ( See  A  ssoeiatioui . ) 

Clubs  of  a  Political  Character 443 

Collector  of  Taxes  and  Assessments  ..      368 
Collegiate  Institutions.    (See Editeaiioital 
Iiistittitioiis. ) 

Columbia  Heights 188,  332 

Commissioner  of  Buildings 372 

Commissioners  of  Charities 378 

Commissioners   of  Civil   Service 374 

Commissioner  of  City  Works 372 

Commissioners  of  Elections 374 

Commissioners  of  Excise 369 

Commissioner  of  Fire 370,  415 

Commissioner  of  Health 370 

Commissioner  of  Jurors 377 

Commissioner  of  Parks 373 

Commissioner  of  Police 369 

Commissioner,  United  States 431 

Common  Council,  Constitution  of  the.  .     365 

Comptroller,  The    Office  of 368 

Coney  Island 1 1 38 

Coney  Island  Concourse 335 

Confederate  Cruisers,  Captures  by. .  .  -  292 
Congregational  Churches,  Polity  of  the  6ig 
Congregationalism,    First    Attempt    to 

Plant. 539 

Congregationalism   Permanently  Estab- 
lished        543 

Conservatories  of  Music 814 

Consolidation  Act  of  1854 366 

Constable,  The  First  in  Brooklyn 40 

Constables  of  ISrooklyn 374 

"  Contest,"  Capture  of  the  Ship 292 


Continental  Guard. 

Conventions,  The  Various  Political . . 


157 
441 


Cornell   Family,  The 77 

Coroners  and  Their  Duties 377 

"  Coronet  "    and    "  Dauntless,"    Race 

Between  the 310 

Corporation  Counsel,   The  Office  of...  369 

Cortelyou   Farm,  The 81 

County  and  City  Closely  Related 192 

County  and  Municipal  Buildings 189 

County  Auditor,  The  Office  of 377 

County  Clerk,  The  Office  of 73,  377 

County  Institutions 377 

Almshouse 192 

Contagious  Diseases  Plospital. ......  666 

Farm 378 

Insane  Asylum    192,  377 

J-iil 192.  377 

Kings  County  Hospital 670 

Penitentiarv 192,  377 

Workhouse 378 

County  Legislation 375 

County  Officers  and  De|iartments 374 

County  Register,  The  Office  of 377 

County  Seat,  Brooklvn,  The 468 

County  Treasurer,  The  Office  of 377 

Court  House,  The  First  Kings  County.  4(38 
Courts.      (See  Jurisprudence. ) 


INDEX. 


185 


Page. 

Crematory,  The  Fresh  Pond 362 

Cripplebush 63 

Cypress  Hills 1107 

Cypress  Hills  Cemetery 359 


'•  Dauntless  "     and    "  Coronet,"     Race 

Between  the 310 

Ditnias  Family,  The 82 

Defiance,  Fort 60 

Democratic  City,  Brooklyn  a ig6 

Democratic  General  Committee 440 

Dental  Surgery 706 

Departments     of      City     and     County 

Government 367,  379 

Dick  &  Meyer's  Sugar  Refinery  burned  173 
Diet  Kitchens.    (See  Hospitals  and  Dis- 
pensaries. ) 
Diocese  of  Brooklyn,  Roman  Cath. . .  541,  577 
Diocese   of    Long     Island,    Protestant 

Episcopal 555 

Disciples,  or  Church  of  Christ 544 

Dispensaries.     [See  Hospitals  and  Dis- 
pensaries.) 

District  Attorney,  The  Office  of 377 

District  Attorneys,  United  States 432 

District  School  System  Established. ...  710 

Doubleday's  (4M)  Heavy  Artillery.  ..  .  155 

Doughty,  John,  the  Slave  Liberator..  ..  71 

Docks  and  Basins  of  Brooklyn 183 

Dodsworth's  Dancing  Academy 942 

Draft  Riots  of  1863  in  New  York 149 

Drama.      [See  Stage. ) 

Du  Flon's  Military  Garden 75 

Duke's  Laws,  The 48 

Dunton,  The  Village  of 1 172 

Duryea  Family,  The 314 

Duryea's  Zouaves 156 

Dutch  and  English  in  New  York    33 

Dutch  Charter 49 

Dutch  Colonial  Governnient 35,  44 

Dutch  House  on  Fulton  street   190 

Dutch  Nursery  Rhymes 43 

Dutch  Settlers,  Houses  and  Habits  of. 42,  43 

Dutch  Taught  in  the  Early  Schools.  ...  710 

Dutchtown 188 

Dutch  West  India  Company  Chartered  34 


Eagle  Alman.vc,  The no 

Eagle  Newspaper,  The  (See  Also  Brook 

lyn  Daily  Eagle. ) 87 

Early  Settlers,  Families,  Houses  and 

Estates 37-4°.  4-i  7086,  132 

Earthquake  of  1884 170 

Eastern    District.     (Also  See  Williams- 

burgh.) 186 

Eastern  Parkway 334 

East  River  Bridged  by  Ice 173 

East  River  Bridge 136,  165,  1S4 

East  River,  Water  Front 183 

East  New  York 182,  1 105,  rio6 

Eclectic    Medical    Society   of    King's 

County,  The 662 

Edison  Electric  Illuminating  Co 203 

Education,  Board  of 193,374,711 

Education  in  Brooklyn.  .  . .  193,  374,  709,  730 
Educational  Institutions: 

Academy  of  the  Visitation 753 

Adelphi  Academy 739 

Bedford  Academy 751 

Bedford  Institute 754 

Berkeley  Institute  for  Young  Ladies  754 
Brooklyn      Collegiate     Institute    for 

Young  Ladies •  ■  73 ■ 

Brooklyn  Heights  Seminary  for  Girls  753 
Brooklyn     Institute    of     Arts     and 

Science   74' 

Brooklyn  Latin  School 75^ 

Browne's  Brooklyn  Business  College  757 
Bryant  and  Stratton's  Business  Col- 
lege    755 

Claghorn's  Business  College 755 

College  Grammar  School 752 

De  Villeroy's  School  of  Languages.  .  754 
Dughee's  School  for  Young  Ladies 

and  Children 754 


Pagf.. 
Educational  Institutions — Continued. 

Fames  and  Putnam's  Classical  School  731 

Erasmus    Hall     Academy,    Flatbush  732 
Ferris'     (Mr.   and    Mrs')    Boarding- 

School 7  C4 

Free  Schools,  The  first 709 

Friends'  School 755 

Froebel  Academy 755 

Froebel  Kindergarten 755 

Goodwin's  (Mrs.)   School  for  Girls..  754 

Greenleaf  Female  Institute...    731 

Grecian  Academy 731 

Hall's  (Miss)  School  for  Young  La- 
dies   754 

Kissick's  Business  College 756 

Lockwood  Academy 748 

Long  Island  Business  College 758 

New  York  Avenue  Institute    754 

Packer  Institute 737 

Polytechnic  Institute 733 

Pratt  Institute 745 

Prospect  Park  Institute 754 

Public  Schools,  Old-time 709-7  '2 

Public  Schools,  Present 715 

Public  Schools,  Statistics  of 713 

Rounds'  (Miss)  School  for  Girls 754 

Steam's  School  of  Languages 755 

St.  Francis'  College 753 

St.  John's  College 752 

St.  Joseph's  Institute 753 

St.  Luke's  Academv 754 

Eighty-fourth  (14;'/;)  Regiment 157 

Eighty-seventh  Regiment [58 

Eighty-eighth  Regiment 158 

Elections,  Board  of 374 

Elections  of  City  Officers 368 

Electrical  Subways,  Report  of  Commis- 
sion on 174 

Electric  Lighting  Companies 203 

Elevated  Railroad,  Trial  Trip  on  the..  165 
Elevated  Railroads  in  Brooklyn.      (See 
Railroads.) 

Eleventh  Artillery 155 

Eleventh    Cavalry   (Scott^s  Nine    Hun- 
dred.)   155 

Elite  Directory,  An  Early 136 

Emerson's  Compliment  to  a  Brooklyn 

i;ditor 210 

Empire  Brigade,  The 148 

Engineers,  First  Regiment  of 155 

Engineers,  Fifteenth  Regiment  of 155 

English  and  Dutch  m  New  York 33 

English  Patent  of  Brooklyn 48 

English  Rule  Established 46 

Episcopal    Churches      (See    Protestant 

Episcopal  and  Reformed  Episcopal. ) 

Episcopalianism,  Founding  of  in  Brook- 

lyu 539 

Erie  Basin  Dry  Dock  Completed 162 

ILstimate,  Board  of 374 

Europeans  in  Brooklyn,  Noted 68 

Evangelists  Mobbed 139 

Evening  Schools 193 

Events  from  1SS6  until  1893 175 

Evergreens  Cemetery,  The 357 

E.xcelsior  Battery 155 

Excise,  Department  of  Police  and 369 

F 

Farmer,  Only  One  in  Brooklyn..  258 
Federal     Property      in    Brooklyn     (See 
U.   S.  Interests.) 

Ferry-boats,  Old-time 66 

Ferries  of  Brooklyn 136,  168,  184 

Feiry,  Annex  of  the  Pennsylvania  R.  R.  168 
Ferry  Franchises,  Agitation  Concerning   136 

Ferry  Taverns 75 

Ferry,  The  Oldest 184 

"  Ferry,"  The  Village  Known  as  the...  40 

Financial  Centre,   Brooklyn's 189 

Financial  Interests  of  Brooklyn 515 

Financial  Institutions  : 

Banks,  (See  Also  Savings  Banks) : 

Bedford  Bank   522 

Broadway  Bank 523 

Brooklyn  Bank 5'7 

Commercial  Bank    519 

Eighth  Ward  Bank 525 


Page. 
Financial  Institutions  : 
Banks — Continued. 

Fifth  Avenue  Bank 524 

First  National  Bank 518 

Fulton  Bank 519 

Hamilton  Bank 525 

Kings  County  Bank 522 

Long  Island  Bank 70,  516 

Long  Island  Farmers' 70 

Manufacturers'  National  Bank. ...  518 

Mechanics'  Bank 70,  51S 

Mechanics'  and  Traders'  Bank. .  . .  519 

Nassau  Bank 70 

Nassau  National  Bank 518 

National  City  Bank 517 

North  Side  Bank 525 

People's  Bank 525 

Seventeenth  Ward  Bank 525 

Sprague  National  liank 520 

Twenty-sixth  Ward  Bank 523 

Union  Bank 525 

Wallabout  Bank 525 

Insurance  Companies  ; 

Brooklyn  Fire  Insurance  Com- 
pany   70 

Kings  County  Fire  Insurance  Com- 
pany   536 

Lafayette  Fire  Insurance  Com- 
pany   •_,•  ■  536 

Manufacturers'  and  Traders'  Co- 
operative Fire  Insurance  Com- 
pany   536 

Nassau  Fire  Insurance  Company.  .  536 

Phoenix  Insurance  Company 534 

Williamsburgh  City  Fire  Insurance 

Company 534 

Safe  Deposit  Companies : 

Brooklyn  City  Safe  Deposit  Com- 
pany...   533 

First  National  Safe  Deposit  Com- 
pany    ; 534 

Franklin  Safe  Deposit  Company.  .  534 
Long    Island    Safe    Deposit  Com- 
pany    534 

Savings  Banks  : 

Brevoort  Savings  Bank 529 

Brooklyn  Savings  Hank 528 

Bushwick  Savings  Bank 529 

City  Savings  Bank 529 

Dime  Savings  Bank 529 

Dime  Savings  Bank  of  Williams- 
burgh   529 

East  Brooklyn  Savings  Bank 526 

East  New  York  Savings  Bank.    . .  529 

German  Savings  Bank 529 

Germania  Savings  Bank 525 

Greenpoint  Savings  Bank 529 

Kings  County  Savings  Institution.  529 

South  Brooklyn  Savings  Institution  529 

Williamsburgh  Savings  Bank 526 

Title  Guarantee  Companies: 

Bond     and     Mortgage    Guarantee 

Company 53^ 

German-American      Real       Estate 

Title  Guarantee  Company 536 

Lawyers'  Title  Insurance  Company  536 
Title    Guarantee    and  Trust   Com- 
pany    536 

Trust  Companies  : 

Brooklyn  Trust  Company 529 

Franklin  Trust  Company 530 

Hamilton  Trust  Company 533 

Kings  County  Trust  Com]iany.  .  ..  533 
Long  Island  Loan  and  Trust  Com- 
pany   533 

Nassau  Trust  Company 533 

Peoples'  Trust  Company 532 

Fifteenth  Engineers 155 

Fifth  Cavalry  (Bliss) 155 

Fifth  Heavy  Artillery  (Jackson's) 155 

Fifth  Independent  (Excelsior)  Battery.  155 

YMly-ioaxth  (Veterans)  Regiment 157 

Fifty-sixth  Regiment 159 

Fire  Commissioner 370,  415 

Fire  Department  : 

Alarm  System,  Llevelopment  of  the..  371 
Alarm  System,  Instantaneous  Auxil- 
iary   372 

Alarm,  Old-time  Method  of  Giving  an  192 


iiS6 


INDEX. 


Fire  Department  : — Coiitinmd. 

Beginnings  of  the 6j,  64,  66,  74,  140, 

192,370 
Board  of  Commissioners  Created. . . .     366 

Fire  Bell  in  City  Hall,  Old 192 

Fire  District  Created  in  iSot 64 

P'irst  Floating  Fire  Engine    66 

First  Fire  Company  and  Engine. .. .      370 

Incorporated 366 

Observation  Tower,  Old 192 

Officers,  Present 37 1 

Paid,  Provision  for  a 164 

Fire  Fought  with  Fire 134 

Fire  Insurance  Companies.    (.SVi'  Finan- 
cial Institiiiioiis.) 

Fireman,  Fort 60 

First  Charter  of  Urooklyn  City 355 

"     Church  in  Brooklyn 537 

"     City  Directory 70 

"     Colonial  Legislature 49 

"     Fire  Company 370 

"     Free  School  in  America 709 

"     House  in  Brooklyn 38 

"     Houses  of  New  Netherland 34 

"     Hospital  in  Brooklyn 662 

"     Land  Grant 38,  i  [35,  [  137 

"     Long  Island  Regiment 149 

"     Newspaper   63 

"     (Jcean  Steamship 256 

'*     Physician  in  Brooklyn 68,  661 

"     Play  in  Brooklyn 9S9 

"     Preacher  in  Brooklyn 537 

"     Regiment  of  Engineers 155 

"     School  Teacher 710 

"     Settlement  of  Brooklyn    37.38 

'*     .Ship  Built  in  American  Waters  ..       34 

"     .Steam  Ferry-boat 66 

Five  Dutch  Towns,  The 40 

Flatbush   39.  48,  58,  73,  So,  182,  1135 

Flatbush,  Battle  of 58 

Flatbush  Houses,  Old 80 

Flatbush  Toll  gate 80 

Flatlands 38,  48,  11 37 

Flood  Rock  Blown  U|) 16S 

Fort  Greene 60,  75,  r33,  333,  347 

Fort    Greene,    Purchased    lor    a     Poor 

House 75 

Fort  Hamilton 1 152 

Fort  Sumter,  Flag-raising  at 159 

Fortifications  in  Brooklyn,  Earlv 52,  60 

"  Fortune  "  Christiaensen's  Ship 34 

Forty-seventh  Regiment 157,  159 

Forty-eighth  Regiment 157 

Fourth  Heavy  Artillery    (Di>ii/i/,;/ay' s).      155 
Fourth     Metro]3olitan     Guard     [Police 

Kegimefd) 1 59 

Fourth  Regiment  of  Cavalry 154 

France's  Claim  to  New  York  Territory       33 
Freemasonry  in  lirooklyn.  {Sec  Associa- 
tions.) 

Fresh  Pond  Crematory 326 

Friends.     (See  Churches. ) 

Friends*  Cemetery 338,  362 

'*  Fulton,"  Building  of  the  Frigate.  . . .      434 

Fulton   Square 333 

Fulton     street     Originally     the    "Old 

Road  " ' 50,  3S4 

Fulton  street  the  Main  Thoroughfare...      18S 

Furman's  Rope-walk 63 

Furman's  Oyster  House 75 


GAnriEN  City 1174 

Gas  Companies 70,  203 

Gas  Introduced  in   Brookh-n 133 

Gaston's  Peace-making    Hat 141 

Gauwane's  Plantation  {Go7uajins) 38 

Geological  Formation  of   I^ong  Island  .       35 
German    Evangelical     Cliurches,   (iov- 

ernment  of 614 

Germans  of  Brooklyn  in  the  Civil  War     20S 

Cjett\sburg,   Bi'ooklynites  at 149 

Ghost  .Stories  in  Flatbush 84 

*'  Gokien  Age,''  Fast  trip  of  the  .Steam- 
ship        294 

Gold  Fever  of  1849 294 

Government,  City  and  County 192,  365 

Gow'anus 18,  6^ 


Pace. 

Gowanus  Bav 183 

Gowanus  Canal 133.  '63 

(Jrain  'I'rade  of  Brooklyn 184 

Gravensande,     Gravesend's      Original 

Name 39 

Gravesend 39.  ■'37 

Great  Fire  of  1S48 133 

Greely  Relief  E.vpedition    170 

Greene,   Fort 60,  75,  133,  :-,Z3 

Greenwood  Cemetery 33-'  353 

Green  point 188,  1 105 

Guv's  "Snow-scene," 68 

H 

"  H.-vi.K-Moo.N,"  Hui5So.\'3  Ship,  The  34 

Hallett's  Point,  Blowing  up  of  Reef  at.  167 

Harbor  Frozen  Over  in  17S0 173 

Haunted  House  in  Flatbush 84 

Havemeyer  Sugar  Refinery  Burned. .  . .  171 

Hawkins  Zouaves 1 56 

Health,  Board  of 70.  370 

Hebrew  Cemeteries 362 

Hegeman   House,  The 82 

Heights,  The 187 

Hell  Gate,  Blowing  up  of  Reefs  at. .  . .  167 

Highland  Park 335 

Hill,  The 188 

Hills,  Obliteration  of  Old 60 

Hiram  Barney  Rifles    157 

Historical  and  Social    Divisions 187 

Hollis 1174 

Hollis'  Public  House 47 

Hollis  wood 1 174 

Holy  Cross,  Cemetery  of  the 3(50 

Home  Guard,  Organization    of  the....  148 

Homoeopathic  Physician,  the  First....  662 
Horse-boat    on   the      East    River,    'i'he 

First 288 

Hospitals  and  Dispensaries: 

Atlantic  Avenue  Dispensary 665,673 

Bedford  Dispensary,  The 671 

Brooklyn  Central  Dispensary 671 

Brooklyn  City  Dispensary 671 

Brooklyn  City  Hospital 662 

Brooklyn  Diet  Dispensary 672 

Brooklyn  Eye  and   Ear  Hospital....  670 

Brooklyn  Home  for  Consumptives..  667 

Brooklyn  Homoeopathic  Dispensary.  669 

Brooklyn  Homoeopathic  Hospital....  669 

Brooklyn  Hospital 662 

Brooklyn  Maternity 67 1 

Brooklyn  Medical  Mission  No.  i....  671 
Brooklyn  Medical  Mission  No.  2....  671 
Brooklyn  Nursery  and   Infants'  Hos- 
pital   653 

Brooklyn  Throat  I-Iospital    669 

Brooklyn  Training  School  for  Nurses  662 
Bushwick    and    East    Brooklyn    Dis- 
pensary    671 

Central  Homoeopathic  Dispensary.  .  .  672 

Chinese  Hospital  Association 670 

County  Insane  Asylum 192 

Eastern  District  Homoeopathic    Dis- 

]5ensary 672 

Eastern    District   Hospital    and  Dis- 

pensarv 672 

Eclectic  Dispensary 673 

Faith  Home  for  Incurables 672 

Gates  Avenue  Homoeopathic  Dispen- 
sary   672 

German  Dispensary 663 

Gei'nian  Hos|iital  Association 664 

Hahnemann  Dispensary 673 

Helping  Hand  Dispensarv 673 

Hillside  Homoeo|5athic  Dispensary.  ..  673 
Hospital  for  Incurables,  Kings  Coun- 

tv   378 

Insane  Asylum,  The  County .92 

Inebriates'    Home   for    Kings   Coun- 
ty  163.673 

Long  Island  College  Hospital 663 

Long  Island  Throat  and  Lung  Hos- 
pital and    People's  Dispensary....  668 

Lucretia  Mott   I)is)')ensarv 672 

Lunatic  Asvlum,  Kings  Countv 378 

Lutheran  Hos|)ital  Association 664 

Memorial   Hospital  for   Women  and 

Children 664 


Pace. 
Hospitals  and  Dispensaries: — Contimted. 

Memorial 'i'rainnig  School  for  Nurses  664 

Methodist  Episcopal    Hospital 665 

Naval  Hospital,  The  United  States  186,  435 
New  York  State  Training  School  for 

Nurses 671 

Norwegian     Lutheran     Deaconesses' 

Home  and   Hospital 670 

Nose,  Throat  and  i^ung  Dispensary.  673 

Orthopedic  Dispensary 662 

Polyclinic  Dispensaiy 673 

Seney  Hospital 665 

St.  Catherine's  Hospital 665 

St.  John's  Hospital 665 

St.  Martha's  Sanitarium  and  Dispen- 
sary   672 

St    Mary's  Hospital 664 

St.  Mary's  Maternity 673 

St.  Peter's  Hospital 667 

Southern  Dispensary  and  Hospital...  671 

Wells',  {Dr. )  Sanitarium 672 

Hotels  : 

Brooklyn  Hotel  Company 216 

Clarendon   Hotel 212 

Hotel  Savoy 216 

Hotel  St.  George 213 

Mansion  House 132,  210 

Pierrepont  House 212 

Regent,  The 216 

Howard  Tavern,  The  Old 54,  78 

Howe,      (Lord,)     Troops     Landed     at 

Gravesend  Bay  by 52 

Hudson  River,  Discovery  of 33 

Hudson's  Expedition,  Object  of 34 

I 

Ihpetonga 943,  944 

Illuminating  Ccmipanies 70,203 

"  Indejjendent,"  Beecher  and  the 286 

Independent  Meeting  House,  The 539 

Industries  of  Brooklyn 168 

Instantaneous  Au.xiliary  Alai  ni.  The.  .  372 

Instruction,  Supermtendent  of   Public.  713 
Insurance  Companies.     (See   Finaneml 

histihtUons. ) 

Internal  Revenue  Office 430 

J 

Jackson's  (5/'//)  Heavy  Ari  ili.ery.  .  155 

"  Jacob  Bell,"  Capture  of  the  .Ship. .  .  .  292 

Jail,  The  Raymond  Street 168,  192 

Jamaica 1171 

Jersey  Prison  Ship 59 

Jews  Establish  their  Worship  in  Brook- 
lyn   544 

Johnson  Square "^^^ 

Jones-Eagle  Libel  Suit 91 

Joralenion  Mansion,   Burning  of  the.  .  .  132 
Journalism.     (Sec  A'c-ws/afers.) 
Jurisprudence  : 

Bar  of  Kings  County 467 

Bench  of  Kings  Countv 467 

City  Court 469 

Commissioner  of  Jurors ....  377 

Courts,     Early     History     of     Kings 

County 196,468 

Courts  in  Kings  Countv 469 

Judicial  Districts  of  Brooklyn 469 

Police  Justices 469 

United  .States  Courts 430 

K 

Keike,  The  (  The  Lool-o:ii\ 40 

Kensington i '  36 

Kerrigan's  Auction  Rooms 444 

Kidd,  Captain 50 

Kings  County 49,  374 

Kings  County  Medical  Society 146,  662 

King's    Highway    (Fitllon   slreel)    Laid 

Out 50 

Kings  Park,  County  Institutions  at. . . .  379 

Know-nothing  Excitement  of  1S54 139 


Laeavette  (Marcjiiis)   in  Brooki.vx. 


INDEX. 


1187 


Pace. 

Lafayette  Green 333 

"  Lawyer  Leff  " 2^5 

Lawyers,      (Se-e  Jurisprudence) 

Leffert  Lefferts  and  the  British 79 

Lefferts  Homestead,  The 82 

Legislative  Powers  of  the  Aldermen,..  367 

Letter  Carriers  of  Early  Brooklyn 73 

Libraries : 

Apprentices' 70 

Brooklyn 216,772 

Brooklyn  Institute,  Scientific   Collec- 

t'O"  of  774.  775 

Eastern  District  Public  School 775 

Law 775 

Long  Island  Free 775 

Long  Island  Historical  Society 773 

Medical  Society,  County  of  Kings...  775 

Pratt  Institute 774 

Spicer  Memorial.     (Polytechnic  Iiisti- 

t'de.) .' 306 

Union  for  Christian  Work 775 

Young  Men's  Christian  Association..  775 
Private  Libraries  : 

Ford,  Gordon  L 778 

Pope,  Norton  Q 775 

West,  Charles  E 776 

Light,  Companies  Supplying 202 

Lincoln,  Beecher's  Eulogy  on 287 

Litchfield  Mansion,  The 337 

Literature  and  the  Fine  Arts 194,  759 

Local  Government  Reorganized 63 

Long  Island  Bank  Founded 70 

Long  Island,  Battle  of 52 

Long  Island,  Glacial  Origin  of 35 

Long  Island,  Original  Name  of 3S 

Long  Island  Railroad.     (See  RailroaJs.) 

Long  Island  Railroad  Tunnel  Opened. .  i  ^3 

Long  Island  Regiment,  The  ist 149 

Long  Island  Sound,  Discovery  of 34 

Long  Island  Sound,  Ice  Bridge  over.  ..  173 
Long     Island's    Temporary    Indepen- 
dence    45 

Long  Island   Water   Supply  Company 

17-1.^70 

Loft  Family,  The 76 

Loughlin,  Death  of  Bishop 175 

Loyalty  of  Brooklyn  in  1S61 145 

Lutheran  Cemetery 360 

Lutheran  Churches,  Government  of  the  614 

Lyceum,  The  U.  S.  Naval 435 

M 

Mail  Wagons  Introduced 170 

Manhattan  Island  bought  for  Twenty- 
four  Dollars 35 

Man-of-all-work,  An  Official 53S 

Manufactures  in  Brooklyn 195 

Manumission  in  Brooklyn,  The  First.  .  71 

Marcy  .Sq  uare 333 

Market,  The  Wallabout 1S6 

Marshals,  United  States    432 

Martense  Homestead,  The 84 

Masonic  Bodies,      (See  Associations.) 

Masonic,  Fort 60 

May  Anniversary  Parade,  The 169 

Mayor,     Provisions      Concerning     the 

Office  of 73,  365 

Mayor,  Provision  for  Office  of  Acting.  36S 

Mayors  of  Brooklyn,  Biographies  of.  .  .  3S0 

McChesney  Zouaves   1 56 

McKane's  Quarrel  with  the  Democracy  453 

Measures,  .Sealers  of  Weights  and. . . .  374 

Medals  given  to  Brooklyn  Soldiers ....  160 

Medwood,  Medwoud  or  Flatbush 39,  48 

Merchant  Vessels  Fitted  as  Cruisers.. .  147 

Methodists,  Early  Advent  of  the 539 

Methodist    Episcopal    Churches,    Gov- 
ernment of  the 5^*^ 

Methodism,  First  American  Home  of..  205 

Metropolitan  Guards  (xT^yi  Infantry)..  158 

Metropolitan  Police  of  1S57 369 

Midwood,  or  Flatbush 39.  48,  i'35 

Military  of  Early  Brooklyn 65 

Militia  Changed  to  National  Guard.  . .  154 

Model   Houses 216 

"  Monitor,"  Launch  of  the 147 

Monopoly  in  Liquor  Selling,  Early. ...  47 

Montague  street  and  its  Features 1S9 


Montezuma  Regiment 156 

Miniuments,  Statues  and  Busts  : 

Beecher  Statue 352 

Hamilton,  Alexander,  Statue  of 843 

Irving,  Bust  of  Washington 189,  339 

Lincoln  Statue 189,  336 

Moore,  Bust  of  Thomas 189,  339 

Payne,  Bust  of  John  Howard 1S9,  341 

Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Monument ....      189 

Stranahan  Statue 189,  262,  336 

Moon  Hoax,  The 762 

Moravian  Church  in   Brooklyn,  The.  . .      544 

Morgan  State  Zouaves ....      i  56 

Mormons  in  Brooklyn 633 

Morris  Park 1172 

Mount     Pleasant      Garden,    Lawrence 

Brower's ...    7  c 

Mount  Prospect   Square 333 

Mowatt,  Anna  Cora,  in  Brooklvn 84 

Mrs.  Meagher's  Own  (88//;  Rei;inient)..      158 

Municipal  and  County  Buildings 189 

Municipal  Buildings  Completed 164 

Municipal  HLstory,  Begimung  of  die. . .      365 
Music  in   Brooklyn.     (See  also  Associa- 
tions.)        194 

N 

Nassau  Cable  Co.mpanv  Organized  165 

Nassau,  Fort  (Site  of  Albany) 34 

Nassau  Water  Company  Incorporated.  144 

National  Guard  : J93 

Name  Adopted 154 

Organized  in  New  York  State,  1786..  817 

Sundry  Reorganizations 154,  818 

Second  Division SiS 

Second  Brigade 193,  818 

Thirteenth  Regiment S19 

Fourteenth  Regiment 157,  823 

Twenty-third  Regiment 193,  828 

Thirty -second  Regiment 818 

Forty-seventh  Regiment S3 2 

Third  Battery 833 

Signal  Corps *!34 

Brooklyn  City  Guard 837 

Naval  Hospital,  The  United  .States..  ..  435 

Naval  Lyceum,  The  United  States  ....  435 
Navy  Yard.  (See  United  Stales  Interests.) 

Navy  Yard  Scare 146 

Negro  Plot  Terror 49 

New  Amersfoort  (Flailands)..T^,  .39-48,  1137 

New  Amsterdam  Incorporated 35 

New    England    Kitchen    at       Sanitary 

Fair 152 

New  Lois 73,  1 106 

New  Netherland  Cnmpany,  Charter  of  34 

New  Netherland,  Early  Government  of  35 
New    Netherland    Surrendered    to    the 

English 35 

New  Utrecht, 39,  48,  1 148 

New  York  and  Brooklyn  Bridge    ...  167,  1S4 

New  York  Attacked  by  the  British 52 

New  York  Harbor  Frozen  Over 173 

Newspapers : 

Argus 207 

Cit'izen 209 

Courier   and    New    York    and    Long 

Island  Advertisers 64 

Daily  Union 207 

Der  Triangel 208 

Eagle.     (See  Brooklyn  Daily  Eaxlc.) 

Freie  Presse 208 

Kings  County  Democrat 87 

Life 210 

Long  Island  Anzeiger 208 

Long  Islander,  The 2og 

Standard-Union 207 

Times -06 

Union- Argus 207 

Newtown  Creek 182 

Nicolls.     Arrival  of  Colonel  Richard..  46 

'•  Niagara,"  Launch  of  U.  S.  Ship 131 

Ninetieth  Regiment 158 

Nurses,  Training  Schools  for,  (See  Hos- 
pitals and  Dispensaries.) 

O 


Pace. 
Odd  Fellowship.      (Sec  Associations.) 
Oldest  Church  on  Long   Island,  The...      537 
Old  Settlers,  Families  and  Estates  .37-40,  42, 

70-S6,  132 
132 
384 


"Old  Probabilities,"  Brooklvn's  early.. 

f  Jld  Road  ( /-ulton  street) . .  .'. 

Olympia,  the  Wallabout  District 

One  Hundred  and  Thirty-ninth  Infantry 
One    Hundred    and   Fifty-eighth    Regi- 
ment  

One  Hundred  and  Fifty-ninth  Regiment 

One  Hundred  and  Sixty-fourth  Infantry 

"  Onrust,"or  "  Restless,"  Block's  shii). 

The 


64 
1 58 


158 
159 

34 


Ocean  Parkway. 


334 


Orange,  Fort  (Site  of  Albany) 34 


Paine,  A  Friend  of  Tom   63 

Pan-American  Congress,  Visit  of  the...      174 

Parade  Ground,  The 343 

Parks : 

Battle  Pass  in  Prospect  Park 340 

Bedford  Green 333 

Bedford  Park 335 

Beecher  Statue,  The 352 

Bushwick  Park 335 

Carroll  Park 334,  350 

City  Park 332,  333,  350 

City  Hall  Park 334,  351 

Coney  Island  Concourse 335 

Croquet  Association,  House  of  the.  .     342 
Dongan    Memorial    Oak  in  Prospect 

Park 340 

Eastern  Park  (Baseball) 1029 

Eastern  Parkway 334 

Fort  Greene 333 

Friends'  Cemetery  in  Prospect  Park.     338 

Fulton   Square 't^t^'^ 

Highland  Park 335 

Irving,  Bust  of  Washington 339 

Johnson  Square ^t^^ 

Lafayette  Green 333 

Lincoln  Statue,  The 189,  33b 

Litchfield  Mansion,  The 337 

Marcy  Square 333 

Moore,  Bust  of  Thomas 339 

Mount  Prospect  Square 333 

Ocean  Parkway 183,  334 

Parade  Ground,  The 343 

Park  Commission,  Prototyjje  t>f  the. .     332 
Park  Commissioners  . . .  303.  332,  344,  346, 

373 

Park  Project,  The  First 332 

Parkway,  Ocean 334 

Parkwav,  Eastern 334 

Payne,  Bust  of  John  Howard 341 

Prospect  Park 182,  334,  336,  344 

Prospect  Square '^'}f'}, 

Ridgewood  Heights 334 

Reid  .Square "^t^t^ 

Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Monument,.  .  .      1S9 
Stranahan,  Effective  Work  of  J.  S.  T.     343 

Stranahan  Statue,  The 336 

.Sunset  Park 335 

Tompkins  .Square 333,  349 

Twelfth  Ward  Park 335 

Washington  Baseball  Park 345,  1029 

Washington  Park 332,  ^t,t„  347 

Winthrop  Park 335 

Parkville 1136 

Parochial  Schools 753 

Pastor,  Brooklyn's  First 537 

Patroons,  The  System  of 35 

Penitentiary,  The  County 192,  378 

Pennsvlvania,  Defence  of 149 

Photography  Cultivated  as  an  Art.  ..195,  786 

Pierrepont  Mansion,  The 74 

Pirates  on  Long  Island   Shores 5c 

Police  and  Excise,  Department  of.  .  .192,  369 

Police  Commissioner 369 

Police  of  Brooklyn 140,  170,  192,  369 

Police,  The  Metropolitan 369 

Policemen  ns  Union  Soldiers 159 

Political  Affairs  in  Brooklyn 196,  439 

Political  Authority  Conferred 40 

Political  Birth  of  Kings  County 49 

Political  Clubs  and  Associations: 

Andrew  Jackson  Club 446 


ii88 


INDEX. 


Pace. 
Political  Clubs  and  Associations: — ContuiiicJ. 
Association    of     Democratic    Clubs, 

Kings  County 446 

Brooklyn  Ballot   Reform  League....  446 

Brooklyn  Democratic  Club 446 

Brooklyn  Republican  Club 445 

Brooklyn  Republican  League 445 

Brooklyn  Revenue  Reform  Club....  446 
Brooklyn  Young    Men's    l*rohibition 

Club 446 

Brooklyn  Young  Republican  Club..  .  444 

Bushwick  Democratic  Club 445 

Democratic       Association,        Tenth 

Ward  Young  Men's 446 

Democratic  Club,  Brooklyn 446 

Democratic  Club,  Bushwick 445 

Democratic  Club,  Kings  County ... .  446 

Democratic  Club,  Young  Men's 446 

Democratic  Clubs,  Kings  County  As- 
sociation of 446 

Harrison  Association 445 


444 
446 

446 


LivincibleClnb 

Jackson  Club,  Andrew 

Kings  County  Association  of  Demo 

cratic  Clubs 

Kings  County  Democratic  Club 446 

Lafayette  Club    445 

Nationalist  Club   ...    446 

Prohibition    Club,    Brooklyn    Young 

Men's 446 

Republican  Club,   llrooklyn    445 

Republican  Club,  Brooklyn  Young..     444 

Republican  League,  Brookh'u 445 

Revenue  Reform  Club,  Brooklyn.  .  .  .      446 

Single  Ta.\  Club 446 

Single  Ta.x  Club,  Woman's 446 

Single  Tax  League  of  Kings  County     446 
Tenth    Ward    Young    Men's    Demo- 
cratic Association 

Union  League  Club 444, 

Woman's  Single  Ta.x  Club 446 

Young    Men's    Democratic    Associa- 
tion, Tenth  Ward 446 

Young  Men's  Democratic  Club 

Young      Men's      Prohibition      Club 

Brooklyn 

Young  Republican  Club,  The  Brook 

lyn 

Political  Conventions,  The  Systenr  of.  . 

Political  Influence  of  the  City 

Poor  of  the  County,  Care  of  the 

Pope's   Rainbow  Bridge 165 

Population  of  Brooklyn 63,  70,  73,  139. 

169,  197,  365 
Porter  {Adiuital)     in    Mercantile    Ser- 
vice         294 

Postmasters   of  Brooklyn 430 

Post  Office,  The  Brooklyn 73,  170,430 

Pouch  Gallery 227,  943 

Pratt  Institute 745 

Primitive  Post  (Jffice  Arrangements.  .  .        73 
Presbyterian  Churches,  Government  of 


446 
863 


446 

446 

444 
441 
196 

377 


the 


592 
540 
■63 


Presbyterianisnr    in   Brooklyn,  Planting 

of 

Presentation  of  Medals  to  War  Veter- 
ans   

Primaries,  Place  in  Politics (41 

Prison  Ships,  The  British 59,  r,S5 

Private  Charities 192 

Private  Schools,  C)ld  and  New 709,  730 

Prohibition  County  Committee 446 

Property  in  Brooklyn    139,  141 

Prospect  Park 1S2,  312,  334,  344 

Prospect   Mill   Reservoir 191,  336 

Pros|)ect  Square 333 

Protestant   Episcopal  Church,  Planting 

and  Growth  of  the 539 

Protestant  Episcopal  Diocese  of  Long 

Island 555 

Provincial  Congress  of   1775 51 

Public  Administrator,  The  Office  of. .  . .      377 

Public  Houses,  The  Early 75 

Public  Instruction.  .Superintcntlent  of..      713 

Public  .Schools,  Early   709-7  r  r 

Public  School  Organization   Effected    .        67 

Public  Schools,  The  Present 193,  71 1,  715 

Pumps,   Old-time 190 

Putnam,  Kort 60 


Qu.-^KER  Bukying-Ground 362 

Quakers.      {Se<^  Churches,) 

Queens,  The  Town  of 1174 

R 

R.\CE  Riot  OF  1S42 132 

Railroads  : 

Atlantic  .'\ venue  R.  R.  Company..  ..      202 

Broadway  Railway  Company 202 

Brooklyn    and    Brighton    Beach   Rail- 
road      1 1 78 

Brooklyn  and  Jamaica  Railway  Com- 
pany     202,  1 175 

Brooklyn  and  Montauk  Railroad....    1176 
Brooklyn  and  Rockaway  Beach  Rail- 
road     1 179 

Brooklyn,    Bath    and    Coney    Island 

Railroad 117S 

Brooklyn,  Bath  and    West  End  Rail- 
way     1177 

Brooklyn    City  and   Newtown   R.  R. 

Co   202 

I;rookl3'n    City    Railroad    Company, 

138,  198 

Brooklyn  Elevated  R.  R.  Co 165,  202 

Brooklyn  Heights  R.  R.  Co 202 

Brooklyn  Traction  Company 197 

City  Railroads 138,  140,  164,  197 

Coney  Island  and  Brooklyn  R.  R.  Co.      202 

"  Culver  "  Railroad 1178 

Employees,  Railroad,  Number  of .  .  .  .      197 

Fulton  Elevated  Railway  Co 203 

"  Gunther"  Railroad 1178 

Kings  County  Elevated  Railway  Co. 

' ■'■•  '65.203 

Long  Island   Railroad   133,  187,  it75,  [177 

Manhattan  Beach  Railway 1 178 

Myrtle  Avenue  Railroad 138 

New  York,  Bay  Ridge  and    Jamaica 

Railroad 1 178 

New  York  and  Flushing  Railroad.    .    1176 
New    York    ari    Manhattan     Beach 

Railroad 1 176 

New  York  and  Rockaway  Beach  Rail- 
way     1177 

New  York  and  Sea   Beach  Railway..   1177 
Passengers    carried   in    1S92  on   Sur- 
face and  L  Roads 197 

Pennsylvania  R.  R.  "Aune.x"  Ferry     16S 
Prospect    Park    and    Coney    Island 

Railroad 1 177 

Railways  to  the  Seashore 1S7 

Rapid  Transit  Company 165 

Rapid  Transit  System,  L.  I.  Railroad   1177 
Sea  Side   and  Brooklyn    Bridge   Ele- 
vated R.  R.  Co 203 

South  Side  Railroad 1 176 

Surface  or  Horse  Railroads  138,140,164,197 

Union  Elevated  R.  R.  Co 203 

Street  Car  Traffic,  Volume  of 165 

Rapel je,  Sarah  de 37 

Rapelje  and  Bergen  Families  United..       76 

Rapelje,  Eccentricity  of  Diana 71 

Rapelje  Family,  The 37 

Raymond  Street  Jail 16S,  192 

Reading  Clubs 194 

Real  Estate  Development 196.  [I03 

Real  Estate  E.xchangc,  Brooklyn..  ..175,  1 107 

Recruiting  in  1S61 145 

Red  H  00k 63,  1 38,  1 63 

Reformed   Dutch  Church,  Government       • 

of  the 54S 

Reformed    Dutch  Church,   Long    Rule 

of  the 537 

Reformed  Episcopal  Church,  (Jrigin  of 

the 62S 

Regiments  Raised  in  Brooklyn 154 

Registrar  of  Arrears 368 

Register,  The  Office  of  County 377 

Registers  in  Bankruptcy,  United  States     432 

Reid  Square 

Religious     Denominations,   Multiplica- 
tion of 

Religious  Institutions  in  Brooklyn 

Kemsen  Hou.se,  The  Old 76 

Republican  (Jeneral  Committee 440 


333 

540 
'93 


Page- 

"  Restless,"  Block's  Ship,  The 34 

Richmond  Hill 1 172 

Ridgewood  Heights 334 

Ridgewood  Water  Introduced 144 

Ridgewood  Water- Works 190 

Riotous  Know-nothings  Visit  Brooklyn  139 

Road-houses,  The  Early 142 

Roebling's    First    Interest   in    the    Big 

Bridge 1 66 

Roman  Catholic  Diocese  of  Brooklyn 

,541.  577 
Roman  Catholicism  in  Brooklyn,  First 

Appearance  of 540 

S. 

Safe    Deposit     Companies.        {See 
Fijiaiuial  Institutions. ) 

"  .Saint  Children's  Day  " 169 

Saints   Peter  and  Paul,  Attack  on    the 

Church  of 580 

Sanitary  Commission 149 

Sanitary  District  Created 162 

Sanitary  Fair  of  1864 151,  942 

"Savannah,"  The  First  Ocean   .Steam- 
ship       256 

.Savings  Banks.      [See  Fijuvuiai  Institu- 
tion s.) 
Schepens,    or    Magistrates    Ap]jointed       40 

Schermerhorn  Mansion,  The  Old 38 

School  System,  The  Public 193 

Schools  of  Brooklyn 709,  730 

School  Teacher,  First  in  Brooklyn 710 

Schoon maker  Family,  The 8r 

Schout  or  Constable,  The  First 40 

.Schwartze  Yaeger 157 

Scott's  Nine  Hundred  (wth  Cinuiliy)   .      155 

.Sealers  of  Weights  and  Measures 374 

Seaside  Resorts,  Easy   Railway  Access 

to 187 

Second  Brigade,  N.  G  ,  S.  N.  Y 193 

.Secret  .Societies.     (See  Associations.) 

Select  Schools,  Old  and  New 730 

Sewan-hackey,   Long  Island's  Original 

Name 38 

Sewer     Commissioners,     Creation     of 

Board  of 367 

Sewer  System,  Improvement  of  the..  ..      191 

Sheepshead   Bay 113S 

Sheriff  and  His  Duties,  The 376 

Ship,  New  York's  First 34 

Shipping  Industry  of  Brooklyn 141,  183 

Singing  Societies  of  Brooklyn 195 

Sixteenth  Artillery 155 

Slavery  Abolished  in  New  York  Slate.        71 

-Slavery,  Beecher's  War  Against 286 

Slavery  on  Long  Island 42 

Small-pox  Epidemic  on  Long  Island...       60 

Small  Pox  in  1888,  Prevalence  of 172 

Smith  Mansion,  The 384 

Smith  street  named  for  Mayor  Smith. .      384 

-Smith's  Tavern 75 

Social  and  Historical   Divisions 1S7 

Social  Divisions  on  Fulton  street 73 

Social  Life  in  Brooklyn 73,  194,  941 

Society  Fifty  Years  Ago 73 

Society  of  Friends.     (See  Churches.) 
Soldiers  Billetted  on  Brooklynites  ....        52 
"  Somers,"   Triple  F.xecution  on   U.S. 

ship 131 

South  Brooklyn 138,  188 

Spencer,  Hanging  of  Midshipman 131 

Sports,  Athletics  and  Pastimes; 

Acme  Athletic  Club 1040 

Acorn  Athletic  Association 1040 

Adelphi  Athletic  Association 1040 

Arcadia  Athletic  Association 1040 

Athletic  Clubs   1040 

Atlantic  Yacht  Club 1038 

Baseball,  Ainateur 1029 

Baseball,  Early  Clubs ion 

Bicycle  Clubs,  Miscellaneous 1032 

Boat  Clubs loii 

Bowling  Clubs   1044 

Brighton  Athletic  Club 1041 

Brighton  Beach  Racing  Association. .  1012 

Brooklyn  Athletic  Association   1040 

Brooklyn  Baseball  Club 1029 

Brooklyn  Bicycle  Club 1032 


INDEX. 


1 189 


Page. 
Sports,  Aililetics  and  Pastimes — Cpnlinued. 

Brooklyn  Hcind  Ball  Club [031 

Brooklyn  Jockey  Club 1012 

Brooklyn  Yacht  Club 1039 

Canarsie  Yacht  Club   1039 

Chess  and  Checker  Clubs 1044 

Coney  Island  Athletic  Club T041 

Coney  Island  Jockey  Club 1012 

Crescent  Athletic  Club 1041 

Cricket  Clubs 1030 

Cricket  Introduced  ni  Brooklyn loii 

Croquet  Association,  Brooklyn 342 

Eastern  Park  Ball  Grounds 1029 

Football  and  Clubs 1030 

Greenwood  Benevolent  and  Athletic 

Association 1042 

Gun  Clubs 1044 

Hand  Ball  Club,  Brooklyn 1031 

Harriers,  Prospect .    1043 

John  Ryan  Coaching  Club 1028 

Kings  County  Wheelmen 1032 

Lacrosse 1030 

Lawn  Tennis  Clubs 1031 

Long  Island  Amateur  Rowing  Asso- 
ciation     1040 

Long  Island  Wheelmen 1032 

Manor  House  Ball  Grounds loii 

Marine  and  Field  Club 1033 

Nameless  Boat  Club 1040 

Nassau  Skating  Club  Organized    ...      163 

National  Athletic  Club 1042 

Nautilus  Boat  Club 1039 

Nereid  Boat  Club 1042 

Osceola  Rowing  Club tot  r 

Parkway  Driving  Club 1024 

Pioneer  Boat  Club 1039 

Polo 1030 

Polytechnic  Athletic  Association  ....    1043 

Popularity  of  Athletic  Sports 196 

Prospect  Harriers 1042 

Prospect  Wheelmen 1033 

Racing  Associations 10 12 

Riding  and  Driving  Club loi  2 

Riding  Clubs,  Miscellaneous 1029 

Roller  Skating 1012 

Seawanhaka  Boat  Club 1040 

Skating-Mania 163 

Sports,  Early i ot  i 

Sports,   Miscellaneous   1045 

Tennis 103' 

Trap  Shooting 1044 

Union  Hall  Ball  Grounds ion 

Varuna  Boat  Club   1039 

Washington  Baseball  Park 345,  1029 

Williamsburg     Athletic    Association 

1040,  1043 

Yachting  and  Yacht  Clubs 1032 

Y.  M.  C.  A.  Athletic  Teams 1041 

Springfield "74 

Stage — Dramatic  and  Operatic,  [Sc'e  Also 
Associations): 

Academy  of  Music 216,  990 

Amphiou  Academy 993 

Amphitheatre,  The 9^9 

Apollo  Hall   991 

Athensum,  The  Brooklyn 9S9 

"  Battle  of  Brooklyn,"  Play  of  The    .      989 

Bedford  Theatre 99^ 

Brooklyn  Museum 9'^9 

Brooklyn  Theatre 99^ 

Brooklyn  Theatre  Fire,  The  Fatal  167,  990 

Burroughs,  Claude,  Death  of 990 

Chester's  {Mrs.)  Hall 9*59 

Colonnade  Garden 9^9 

Columbia  Theatre 99' 

Criterion  Theatre 99' 

Gayety  Theatre 99' 

Grand  Opera  House 99' 

Grand  Theatre 99' 

Green's  Military  Garden 9S9 

Historical  Review 9'^9 

Hoolev's  Minstrels 99° 

Hyde  &  Behman's  Theatre 99' 

Lee  Avenue  Academy 99- 

Lyceum  Theatre 99' 

Melrose  Hall «4 

Military  Garden,  The   75 

Murdock,  Henry  S.,  Death  of 99° 

Music  Hall 99i 


Page. 
Stage — Contimied. 

Odeon,  The 991 

Olympic  Theatre ....  991 

Opera,  Italian,  First  Performed.  .  .    .  990 

Organ  Concerts 809 

Park  Theatre 990 

Star  Theatre,  Holmes' 991 

Star  Papers,  Beecher's 2S6 

Statues.     (See  Monumejits.) 

Steal  of  the  '*  Varina  "  Prevented 147 

Steam  Ferry-boats,  The  First 288 

Steam  Frigate,  The  First 434 

Steam  Railroads.      [See  Railroads.) 

"  Steenbakkery,"  or  Skating  Pond,  The.  163 

Sterling,  Fort 60 

Steuben  Guard 1 56 

Stilwell  Family 39 

St.  Johnland,  County  Institutions  at..  ..  379 

Storm  of  July  8,  1S87 172 

Story  House,  The 84 

Stranahan  Statue,  Unveiling  of   the....  262 
Street  Car   Traffic,   Volume   of      (Sec 

Also  Railroads. ) 165 

Streetcars  Introduced 164 

Street  Lighting, 64,  68,  139,  203 

Streets  of  Brooklyn 140,  186 

Strikes  : 

Atlantic  Avenue  R.  R.  tied  up 173 

Longshoremen  Demand  Better  Wages,  170 

Sugar  House  Men  on  Strike 170 

Tie-up  of  Street  Car  Lines 170 

Suburbs  of  Brooklyn 1135 

.Sunday-School   Parade,  Annual....      169,  547 

Sunday-School  Work  in  Brooklyn 545 

Sugar  Refineries  of  Brooklyn 186 

.Sumter,  Beecher  at   Fort 286 

Sumter,  Flag-raising  at  Fort 159 

Sunday  Schools 545 

Sunday  Paper,  The  First  in  Brooklyn..  94 

Sunset  Park 332 

Supervisor-at-Large,  The   Office  of....  376 

Supervisors,  Board  of   375 

Supervisors,  Personnel  of   Board  of...  379 

Suydam  Homestead,  The 259 

Swedenborgianisni  in  Brooklyn 544,  629 

Synagogue,  Brooklyn's  First 544 

T 

Talleyrand  as  a  Brooklynite 68 

Tammany  Societv,  Brooklyn  Branch  of 

the .' 439 

Taverns,  Old-time 54,  75,  76,  77,  78 

Taxation    of    Personal      Property    Op- 
posed    1 32 

Territorial  Expansion  of   lirooklyn    ...  1103 
Theatres  in  Brooklyn.      (See  Stage.) 
Theatricals,  Amateur.      (See  Associations.) 

Third  Infantry   Regiment 156 

Thirteenth  Artillery 155 

Thirteenth  Cavalry 155 

Thirteenth   Regiment 1 59 

Thirty-first  Regiment 156 

Thirty-sixth  Infantry 156 

Thomas  Jefferson   Building,  The 443 

"  Tiger,"  Block's  Ship,  The 34 

Title     Guarantee      Companies.        (Sec 
Financial  Institutions. ) 

Tompkins  Park 333,  349 

Tornado  of  January  9,  1889 173 

Town  Records  Lost 60 

Training  School  for  Nurses.     (Sec  Hos- 
pitals and  Dispensaries. ) 

Treasurer,  The  Office  of  City 368 

Treasurer,  The  Office  of  County 377 

Trust  Companies.     (See  Financial  In- 
stitutions.) 

Tulip  Tree  of  Earlv  Brooklyn 64 

Twelfth  Ward  Park 335 

Twentieth  Infantry 156 

Twenty-third  Regiment 159 

Twenty-eighth  Regiment 159 

U 

Union  Cemetery 3^° 

Union  Course "7^ 

Union  Ferry  Companv '37.  '4o 

Unitarian  Churches,  Relations  Between  612 


Page. 

Unitarianism    in    Brooklyn,    First    Ap- 
pearance of C41 

United  States  Christian  Commission.  .      154 

LInited  States  Interests: 

Admiralty  Jurisdiction 431 

Attorneys,  District 432 

Bankruptcy,  Registers  in 432 

Commissioners. . .    431 

Courts 430 

District  Attorneys 432 

Federal  Building 164,  429 

Internal  Revenue  Collectors 430 

Marshals 432 

Naval  Hos|)ital 1 85,  435 

Naval  Lyceum 435 

Navy  Yard 68,  131,  1S5,  434 

Postmasters 430 

Registers  in  Bankruptcy 432 

Stone  Dry  Dock  Begun 131 

Universalist   Churches,    Relations    Be- 
tween..-       618 

Umversalists     Coldly     Welcomed     to 

Brooklyn 542 

V 

Van  Borsum's  Ferry  House 75 

Vanderbilt  Family,  The 314 

Vanderbilt  Homestead,  The  Old 84 

Vanderveer's  Mill 82 

Van  Twiller,  Bad  Government  bv 82 

"  Varina,"  Attempted  Theft  of  the  Ship  147 

Verrazano's  visit  to  New  York t,^ 

A'illage  Boundaries 67 

Village  Districts  as  City  Wards 365 

Village  Trustees 67 

Vlachte  Bos,  (Flatbush) 39 

Vote,  Complexion  of  Brooklyn's 196 

W 

Waal-Boght, OR  Wallabout.  . .  .39,  63,  64 

Wallabout  Settled  by  Walloons 38 

Wallabout  Market 175,  186 

Walloons,  Wallabout  Settled  by 38 

Ward  Associations 440 

Ward  Leadership  in  Politics 442 

Wards  of  Brooklyn 187 

War  Fund  Committee 150 

War  of  1812,  Preparations  for 65 

War  Ships,  Brooklyn's  First 131 

War  Spirit  in  the  Churches 146 

War  Veterans  Welcomed  Home 160 

Washington  Baseball  Park 345 

Washington,  George,  in  Brooklyn. .  .    57,  34S 

Washington  Grays 157 

Washington  Memorial  Dinner 173 

Washington  Park 332,  333,  347 

Washington  Volunteers 1  56 

Washington's  Troops  in  Brooklyn. ...        52 

Water-front  of  Brooklyn 140,  183 

Water  Commissioners  First  Appointed.      144 

Water  Supply,  The  First 191 

Water  Supply,  L.  I.  Company 174,  270 

Water-works  Celebration  of  1S59.    .    ..     144 

Water-works,  The  Ridgewood 141,  191 

Weather  Prophet  Meriam 132 

Weights  and  Measures,  Sealers  of .. ,    .     374 

Western  District 186 

Whipping  Post  in  Bushwick,  The  Old     710 

White  Horse  Tavern 76 

White  House,  The 80 

Williamsburgh 40,  70,  73,  140,  366,  1105 

Williamsburgh  and  Brooklyn  Consoli- 
dated  140,  366 

Willink  House,  The 82 

Windsor  Terrace 1136 

Winthrop  Park 335 

Woman's  Relief  Association 150 

Women  of  the  Revolution 61 

Woodhaven 1171 

Y 

Yellow  Fever  Visitations 64 

Z 

Ziegler's    Water    Supply    Litiga- 
tion    -.174,  ^07 


PERSONAL    INDEX. 


Abbott,  George  B 472 

Abbott,  Rev.  Lyman 622,  76t 

Abelman,  Conrad  H 924 

Abraham,  A!)raham 928 

Ackerman,  Jacob  D S70 

Adams,  Rev.  George 641 

Adams,  George  C 124,  1097 

Adams,  Henry  H    426 

Adams,  Rev.  John  Colemm 61S 

Adams,  John  P 400 

Adams,  Tliomas,  Jr 258 

Adams,  William  M S6S 

Adamson,  John 1132 

Aertsen,  Huyck 40 

Alexander,  James  K 524 

Allen,  John  Johnson 5r  i 

Allen,  William  C 1027 

Alsop,  Rev.  Reese  F 556 

Alsop,  Richard 77 

Amerman,  John  W 324 

Arnold,  Daniel  S 1063 

Ashley,  James  T, 828 

Aspinall,  Joseph, 460 

Atkins,  Addison  B 122 

A  tkinson,  James  F 839 

Aubery,  A.  C 724 

Austen,  Col.  David  E 82 1 

Ayers,  George  L 1 13c 

Avery,  Frank  M 924 

Ayres,  James  A 838 

Ayres,  Samuel  L.  P 437 

Bacchus,  Rev.  John  G 564 

Bach,  James  H 84 1 

Backus,  Foster  L 505 

Backus,  Truman  J 739 

Barclay,  George  C S06 

Bacon,  Alexander  S, 2S  [ 

Bacon,  Benjamin  D 907 

Baird,  Andrew  D 8S9 

Baird,  Andrew  R 890 

Baker,  Rev.  Charles  R 559 

Baker,  George  W.,  M.  D 901 

Baker,  Dr.  R.  C 39S 

Baker,  William   H 1082 

Baldwin,  David  A 454 

Baldwin,  Frank,  M.   D 973 

Baldwin,  George  R 965 

Baldwin,  Oran  S 326 

Barber,  Isaac  H.,  M.  D., 6S3 

Bai'clay,  George  C 973 

Bardwell,  Willis   A 773 

Barnaby,  Frank  A 1 1 12 

Barnes,  Alfred  C 26S 

Barnes,  Alfred  S 302 

Barnes,  Richard  S 859 

Barnes,  T.  .S    1 122 

I^arnett,  David 504 

Barr,  Thomas  T 5(8 

Barrett,  Anthony 500 

Barrie,  Ale.xander 804,  1014 

Barth,  Vincent 903 

Bartlett,  Edward   li 847 

Bartlett,  Homer  E.,  M.  1) 685 

Bartlett,  Willard 471 

Bartley,  Elias  IE,  M.  I ) 701 

Batterman,  Henrv 523 

Bayard,  George  I) itS 

Baylis,  Abram  B 851 

Beard,  Francis  I) 1015 

Beard,  J.  Carter, 785 

Heard,  Thomas  A 397 

Beard,  William 163 

Heard,  William  H 316 

Beavan,  William  W 967 

Hedell,  James  ()    S67 

Beecher,  Henry  Ward 

2S3,  286,  287,  544,  759,  760 

Beecher,  William  C 503 

Hcdford,  F!;dward  T 1027 


Reekman,  Gerardus  Willemse 661 

Behnian,  Louis  C 994 

Behr,  Herman 852 

Behrends,  Rev.  A.  J.  F 625 

Belford,  Rev.  John   1 5S4 

Bell,  A.  N.,  M.  I) 680 

Bell,  Thomas  C 1006 

Hellamv,  Frederick  P 5'4 

Bellinger,  Rev.  W.  W 563 

Bellows,  Charles  M.,  M.  I) 704 

Benedict,  Charles  E 433 

Benedict,  Henry   H.  .  .    845 

Benedict,  Robert  D 848 

Benjamin,  Joseph 463 

Benson,  Richard  Hoffman 318 

Bentley,  Norman  .S    850 

Hergen,  Garret 289 

Bergen,  George  W 98  [ 

Bergen,  Hans  Hansen 289 

Bergen,  James  Cornelius 510 

Bergen,  Tennis  G 2S9,  769 

Bergen,  Tunis  G 717 

Beigen,  Van  Brunt 402 

Berri,  F^ugene  D 883 

Berri,  William 909 

Berry,  Martin  E 8S3 

Betts,  Charles  C 318 

Biggart,  James 434 

Birdsall,  Daniel 1098 

Black,  J.  Jefferson 394 

Black,  liobert 404 

Black,  Robert  A.,  M.  D 724 

Blackford,  Eugene   G 522 

Blashfield,  Edward  H 7S4 

Bliss,  E.  W 1153 

Bliss,  Rev.  Howard  S    623 

Bloodgood,  Delavan,  M.  D 436 

Bolles,  Charles  H 1002 

Bonnell,  Charles  L.,  M.  D 698 

Boody,  David  A 391 

Boody,  Henry  T 1024 

Booth,  Samuel 386 

Bouck,  James  B ....  721 

Bout,  Jan  Evertse 40 

Bowker,  R.  R 763 

Bowman,  Henry   H lOiS 

Bowne,  Frederick    W 999 

Bowne,  .Samuel 287 

Boyd,  Hugh 1027 

Braine,  Daniel  Lawrence 436 

Braislin,  Rev.    Edward 607 

Braman,  Hiram  V.   V 1074 

Branch,  Edward  II 645 

Brennan,  John 413 

Brett,  Gustavus  A 107 1 

Brevoort,  James  Carson 79,  769 

Brewster,  Rev.  Chauncey  B 561 

Brinkerhoff,   Aaron 326 

Bristow,  Frank  H T003 

Britton,  Eugene 910 

Broadnax,  Amos 872 

Brockett,  Linns  Pierpont 770 

Brockway,  Albert  H.,  M.  D.  S 707 

Brooks,  Rev.  Jesse   W 553 

Broome,  George  C 1056 

Brower,  George  V 399 

Brown,  JamesN iioi 

Brown,  William 1 136 

Brown,  William  A 922 

Brown,  William  A.  A 938 

Browne,  Edmond  C 75S 

Browne,  Thomas  R 758 

Browning,  William,  M.  D 702 

Bniff,  William  J 1038 

Brush,  Conklin 384 

Bryant,  William  C 904 

Brvmcr,  Alonzo 948 

Buck,  Dudley 812 

Buckley,  Charles  K 923 

Buckley,  Rev.  James  M 570 


Budington,  William  G.,  M.  D 847 

Budington,  Rev.  William  I 298 

Bullet,  Miss  Emma 123 

BuUwinkle,  Henry,  M.  D 667,  702 

Bunce,  Oliver  Bell   766 

Bunn,  Rev.  Albert  C 641 

Burch,  Edwin  L 129 

Bnrch,  Robert  A 117 

Burke,  Pascal  C 911 

Burleigh,  John  L Iioi 

Burn,  Henry 914 

Burnett,  Edwin  H 979 

Burnham,  Lyman  .S ....  1087 

Burrell,  Rev.  Joseph  D 600 

Burrell,  William 1081 

Burrows,  William 1028 

Burtis,  Abraham 1133 

Burtis,  John   H 1 130 

Burtis,  Morse 928 

Burton,  Alfred  C 120 

Busby,  Leonard  J ....  900 

Bush,  Rufus  T 308 

Bushnell,  Ezra  DeWitt 1126 

Butcher,  George  C 1005 

Butcher,  William  W 1007 

Butler,  Glentworth  R.,  M.   D 700 

Butler,  William  M.,  M.  D 700 

Buttle,  Richard  W 998 

Bynner,  Edward  L 766 

Byrne,  John,  M.  D 68r 

Byrnes,  Thomas  F 460 

Cacciola,  Thomas 724 

Cadley,  Edward  B 419 

Cahill,  John  W 407 

Caley,  Rev.  Llewllyn  N 560 

Callahan,  Patrick  E 428 

Calvert,  Henry  M 966 

Cameron,  Alexander 496 

Cameron,  J.  C IC50 

Campbell,  Anthony   F 1084 

Campbell,  Felix 532 

Campbell,  Helen 765 

Campbell,  James 411 

Campbell,  Michael  J 4r4 

Cam]:)bell,  Patrick 408 

Canclee,  Capt.  Willard   L S31 

Candler,  Flamen   B 847 

Carey,  James  F 1092 

Carey,  James  P i  [9 

Carleton,  Will 770 

Carlin,  P.  J 1061 

Carman,  Nelson  G.  Jr 9S3 

Carpenter,  J.  G 128 

Carpenter,  James  O 1090 

Carr,  William  J 303 

Carroll,  Rev.  Daniel  L 541 

Carroll,  Lieut.  John  F 823 

Carroll,  Josej^h  W 508 

Carroll,  Thomas  W 322 

Carruthers,  F.  W 11 18 

Carter,  Walter  S 1061 

Cartledge,  John   906 

Cashman,  John  J 724 

Cassin,  Canice 417 

Caswell,  Albert  S 726 

Catlin,  Arnold  W.,  M.  D 691 

Catlin,  Charles  T 1004 

Catlin,  Isaac  S 484 

Cawley,  Samuel  J 852 

Chadwick,  Charles  N 983 

Chadwick,  Rev.  James  S 567 

Chadwick,  Rev.  John  White 613,  761 

Chalmers,  Rev.  Thomas 631 

Chandler,  Albert  Brown 238 

Chandler,  Frank  H 813 

Chapin,  Alfred  C 390 

Chapman,  Henry  T.,  Jr 794,  880 

Chittenden,  Simeon  B 294 

Christensen,  Christian  T 529 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


1191 


•734, 


Claflin,  Horace  B 

Claghorii,  Charles 

Clancy,  John  M 

ClarU,   Francis  E 

Clark,  Robert  F 

Clarke,  John  F 

Clement,  Nathaniel  I[ 

Clifton,  Junius  A 

Clobridge,  Col.  Selden  C  . . . . 

Cochran,  David  H 

Cochran,  Major  (leorge  G  . . . . 

Coffey,  Michael  J    m-i 

Cole,  Edward  H 

Cole,  William  M   

Collins,  George  J 

Conant,  Samuel  Stillman 

Conant,  Thomas  J 

Conklin,  B.  Y 

Conklin,  John  M 

Conkling,  John  T.,  M.   1) 

Connell,  James  S 

Connelly,  Robert  Enimett 

Constaiitine,  Andrew  J 

Conway,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  F.  B 

Cook,  Ralph  L 

Coombs,  Annie  Sheldon 

Coombs,  William  J 

Cooney,  John  D 

Cooper,  Charles. 

Cooper,  John 

Coots,  Walter  M 

Copeland,  Edward 

Cornell,  George  B   

Cornell,  William  D 

Cornwell,  Rev.  Henry  IJ 

Corwin,  Halsey 

Cottier,  John 

Couch,  Joseph  J 

Courtney,  John 

Couwenhoven.  Gerrit  W'olphcrtsen  van 

Cowenhoven,  John 

Cowing,  Herbert  W 

Cowing,  James  R   

Cox,  Henry   l"    

Cox,  Rev.  Samuel  H.mson  

Crandall,  Jesse  .A 

Crane,  Harold  L 

Cranford,  John  P 

Creamer,  Frank  D    

Creamer,  Joseph  M  ,  M.  IJ 

Creamer,  William  G 

Crittenden,  Alonzo    

Crombie,  John   S    

Cromwell,  Frederick 

Cronin,  Timothy  C 

Crosby,  Samuel    I) 

Cruikshank,  Edwin  A 

Cruikshank,  Edward  M :. 

Cruikshank,  James 

Cullen,  Edgar  M 

Cullen,  Thomas 

Culyer,  John  Y 7rS, 

Cummings,  Michael  J 

Cunningham,  W^illiam   F 

Curie,  Charles 

Cutter,  Ralph   Ladd 

Cuyler,  Rev.  Theod(jrc  L 


396 

755 
457 
1 1 19 
1 1 00 
428 
472 

'c^37 
825 

736 
822 

449 
loSs 
9^3 
432 
766 
766 

729 
1052 

6S2 
1080 

474 
1081 
990 
I  [  16 
764 
456 
462 

1073 
828 
I  loi 

1086 

403 

564 

399 

419 

954 

429 

40 

1 166 

1038 

1084 

791 

541 

1053 

838 

1097 

[025 

423 
886 

737 

741 

1048 

495 
10S3 
1 127 
1 129 

729 
470 

415 
762 
400 

725 
854 
246 
597 


Dady,  M[ch.\el  J 455 

Dailey,  Abrani  H 509 

Dakin,  General  Thomas  S 320 

Dale,  James 417 

Daley,  William  F     1002 

Dallon,  Francis  L   407 

Darlington,  Rev.  James  H 561 

Davenport,  Julius 1 1  tS 

Davenport,  William   H 429 

Davidson,  Marshall  T 899 

Davis,  Rev.  Weslev  Reid 552 

Davis,  William  M'. 723 

Dean,  James 1 170 

Dean,  Matthew 896 

Dean,  William  G 9^4 

De  Beanvois,  Carel 53^ 

De  Bevoise,  Isaac   C 8S0 

De  Forest,  Major  Ezra 830 

De  Haas,  Maurice  F.  H 784 

De  Hyman,    Frank 1123 

De  La  Harpe,  Joseph  A 785 

De  La  Vergne,  Corneille  B.,  Jr 905 


Delette,  A.  P 

Delmar,  John 

De  Long,  Julius 

Del  .Solar,  Jose 

Demond,  George  W 

Denison,  Rial  N.,  M.  D 

Denny,  Charles  A 

Denton,  Oliver  M 

Deshon,  Charles  A 

De  Silver,  Carl  I  11 Sot, 

Despard,  Wheaton  B 

Dgvenny,  John  L 

De  Wint,  John  P.  II 

De  Witt,  Andrew  II    

De  Witt,  William  C   

Dick,  John  H 

Dickey,    William  I) 

Dike,  Camden  C 

Dingee,  Charles   E 

Dingee,  Peter   M 

Disosway,  John  G 

Dixon,  Rev.  Amzi  C 

Dixon,  Robert 

Dobson,  George  F 123 

Donohue,  Peter  J 

Dodge,  Francis  E 

Doscher,  Clans 

Doty,  Ethan  Allen 

Douglas,  George  W 

Downing,  Richard  F 

Dresser,  Horace  E 

Driggs,  Marshall  S 

Driscoll,  Denis 

Druhan,  Thomas  L 

Druniinond,  James  L 

Dubey,  Edward  A 

Dunkly,  Leonard 

Dunn,  James 

Dunwell,  Charles  T., 

Durack,  Walter  L 

Durkee,  Eugene  W 

Duryea,  Samuel   B., 

Dutcher,  Silas  H 

Dyer,  Edwin    

Dykman,  William  N 


667 
448 
906 
1005 
85. 

9-5 

107S 

522 

'034 
858 
841 
506 

971 
1082 

500 

889 
1034 

849 
1048 

3-5 
906 
610 
1 100 
■  924 
904 
840 

5^5 
205 
122 

925 
883 
S95 

413 
414 

959 
728 

4'3 
953 
465 
S49 
3'4 
533 
413 
5°5 


Earle,  Henry 1037 

Early,  Francis   A    413 

Eason,  John  W 4  1 1 

Eaton,  Darwin  G 739 

Eddy,  Rev.  D.  C 607 

Eddy,  Col.  John   G 833 

Edgar,  Frederick  E   .  .    912 

Edgerton,  Francis  M 1 122 

Eggleston,  Edward 765 

Eggleston,  Cieorge  Cary 766 

Ellinvvond,  T.  J    749 

Elliott,  George  F 497 

Elliott,  Gilbert,  Jr 999 

Ellsworth,  William 839 

Elwell,  Delmore 1068 

Ennis,  James 413 

Ennis,  John 415 

Erben,  Henry 435 

Estes,  Benjamin 270 

Evans,  Frederick  H 997 

Evans,  1 1.  C 926 

Facknp^r,  Col.  Edward 836 

Fahys,  George  E 1018 

Fahvs,  Joseph 1017 

Farley,  Charles  B 1066 

Farley,  Rev.  Frederick  A., 296 

Farrar,  Rev.  James  M 551 

Felter,  William  L 729 

Feltman,  Henry 1 1 29 

Ferguson,  Anson 397 

Ferguson,  Thomas 1000 

Fernald,  Captain  I  >aniel 200 

Fernald.  Daniel   F' 200 

Ferris,  William 721 

Field,  Thomas  W 769 

Fischer,  Israel   F 872 

F'isher,  George  H 1064 

Fiske,  William  M.  L.,  M.  D 689 

F'itzgibbon,  Andrew  W 396 

Flaherty,  John  W    933 

Fleming,  May  Agnes 764 

Fletcher,  George  H 922 

Flynn,  John 723 


Foley,  John 1 1 2 1 

Foley,  John  F 1122 

Follelt,  Austin  W 9S4 

Foote,  John  II 827 

F'oote,  Rev.  Lewis  Ray 602 

Force,  William  H 1016 

Ford,  Gordon   L 770,  776 

Ford,  Paul  L 770,  779 

F'ord,  William   F 1037 

F'ord,  William  H 1041 

Ford,  Worthington  C 770,   778 

Forman,  Alexander  A  . .  ,    1 135 

Forman,  Allan 1059 

Forrester,  George  B 1066 

P'oster,  Benjamin  B 511 

Fougera,  E.  Sr 320 

Fowler,  Brig.  Gen.  Edward  1' S36 

Fowler,  George  R.,  M.    1) 676 

P'ransioli,  Rev.   Joseph 667 

French,  Henrv 414 

Friday,  William   II 954 

Frost,  Rev.  Tiniothv  P 56S 

FVothingham,  Isdac  11 290 

Frothingham,  James  II 274 

Fulcher,  J.  II 928 

Fullarton,  Alan    R 1000 

Funston,  Hugh   M 869 

Furey,  William  A 425 

Furman,  Gabriel 768 

Furst,  Michael 506 

Gallagher,  Rev.  Mason 960 

Garcia,  Lieut.  William  L S27 

Garrett,  Sevmour   D 999 

Garrison,  John 540 

Gates,  Nelson  J 717 

Gaynor,  William  J 483 

Gerritsen,  Wolferl 38 

Gibb,  John 855 

Gibson,  W.  Hamilton 768,784 

Gilbert,  Jasper  W 480 

(jilbert,  William   T    ...    399 

Gilfillan,  William,  M.  D 083 

Ginnel,  Henry 1066 

Ginnel,  William  S 925 

Ci  I  ad  ding,  William  J i  M7 

(ileason,  Andrew  W 504 

Goetting,  Adolph  II 475 

Good,  Jolin 1077 

Goodnongh,  Waller  S 727 

Goodrich,  William  W 454 

Goodstein,  Samuel 722 

Goodwin,  Richard 1131 

Gorman.  Hugh  F. .  .    414 

(Jott,  B.  Frank 424 

Grace,  P.  J 1 1 25 

Grace,  William  II 11 17 

Graef,  Anthony io[6 

Graham,  Augustus 741 

Graham,  John   H 45S 

Granger,  E.  J mo 

Grant,  William  W 1133 

Gra\'es,  Robert 227 

CJregg,  Rev.  David 598 

Green,  Anna  Katherine 764 

Greenwood,  John 365 

Greenwood,  Richard  IS.,  Jr., 1054 

Grening,  Paul  C iioS 

Gresham,  James 954 

Griffin,  John 397 

C>riffith,  John  S    512 

Griggs,  Ruf us  T 949 

Griggs,  .Stephen  C,  M.  I) 696 

Grisvvold,  .Stephen  M  . .  .      921 

Guilfoyle,  John 721 

Gulick,  John  G 901 

Gunnison,  Rev.  Almon 618 

Gunnison,  Herbert  F 124,  908 

Gunnison,  Waller  B 728 

Hadden,  Crowell 517 

Haggerty,  Henry  F 475 

I  laggslrom,  Capt.  John   L.  J 828 

Hall,  Rev.  Charles  Cuthberl 593 

Hall,  Rev.  Charles  Henry 557 

Hall,  George 380,543 

ILillam,  Albert  C,  M.  D 875 

Ilalliday,  Rev.  Samuel  B 6:6 

Halsey,  Harlan  P 720 

llalstead,  Murat 207 


1192 


PERSONAL    INDEX. 


Hammond,  William  F 120 

Hanan,  faines 1023 

I  larbordl,  E.  C 1004 

Harding,  Capt.  Richard  H.,  Jr S2S 

Hardy,  George  J 328 

Hardv,  Samuel. 414 

Hark'ness,  William  H 724 

Harnier,  John.  ...    63 

Harrigan,  John,  M.  D 724 

Harriman,  D.uiiel  G S70 

Harrison,  Caslde    75- 

Harrison,  Gabriel 767,  9S9,  990 

Hart,  Alexander  R 1002 

Hart,  Charles 934 

Hart,  James  M 7S3 

Hart,  Levi  Wells 75- 

Hartean,  Henry 9S0 

Haskell,  lienjamin 83S 

Hasler,  Henry 904 

Havens,  Edwin  B    S95 

Haviland,  C.  Augustus 1114 

Haviland,  Charles  A    11 14 

Haviland,  Edward  \V 1 11 5 

Havden,  Henry  I 406 

Hay  ward,  William  T J  023 

Ha'zzard,  William  H 519 

Healv,  A.    Augustus 463,  724 

Heaiiey,  Arthur  J 394 

Heath,  Henry  K 964 

Heaton,  Clarence  D S65 

Heckman,  Charles 99S 

Heischmann,  Rev.  John  J 6r5 

Henderson,  Erank  S SS4 

Henderson,  W.  F loot 

Hendrix,  Joseph  C 456,  716 

Henuessy,  W.   G 1036 

Henry,  John  F S79 

Herig,  Erank  P 1120 

HerrKk,  Frederick  H 1060 

Herries,  William 117 

Hess,  Peter 394 

Hester,  William 112 

Hester,  W'illiam  Van  Anden 115 

Hickey,  Rev.  David  J 58^ 

Hickson,  Rev.  Woolson 540 

Higlev,  Warren 952 

Hill,  fohn   L 96S 

Hill,  'Nicholas    96S 

Hill,  Orville  E.,  M.  D.  S    706 

Hill,  Rev.  William  J 591 

Hinrichs,  Frederick  W 464 

Hirsh,  Hugo 493 

Hitzelberger,  Charles  F 838 

Hoagland,  Joseph  C 797 

Hobbs,  Edward  H 873 

Hogan,  Timothy 1098 

Hogins,  H.  H 1038 

Holley,  Ale.\ander  Lyman 330 

Holliday,  Edgar 328 

Hollis,  Robert 47 

Holme.s,  John  W 995 

Holt,  Charles  J 839 

Hooper,  Franklin  W 724,  744 

Hoople,  William  G 88 1 

Horsman,  Edward  1 919 

Hotchkiss,  Philo  P 259 

Howard,  John  Tasker 294 

Howard,  Joseph,   Jr 763 

Howard,  William  C 1038 

Howard,  William  L 419 

Howe,  James  R 1076 

Howe,  William  N 903 

Howell,  James 388 

Hoyt,  Charles  A 844 

Hovt,  Mark 642 

Hoyt,  Morison      1027 

Hubbard.  Harmanus  ]^ 916 

Hubbs,  Courtes  T 723 

Hulbert,  Henry  C 230 

Humpstone,  Rev.  John 611 

Humstone,  Walter  C 952 

Hunter,  John  W 387 

Huntington,  B.  H 529 

Hurd,  William  P.,  Jr 906 

Hurst,  Arthur 10^6 

Hussey,  (ieorge  A 964 

Hus.sey,  John    W 868 

Hutchins,  Alexander,  M.  1) 687 

Hutchinson,  Henry  E ....  517 

Hvde,  Richard 994 


IDE,  George  E 859 

Innes,  Frederick  N 1086 

Ireland,  John   H 884 

Isaacs,  Gabriel 93° 

Jackson,  A.  Wilbur,  M.  D 699 

Jackson,  George  H 9^5 

Jackson,  Theodore  F 1098 

Ja(?obs,  Andrew 961 

Jahn,  GnstavA 1020 

James,  Darwin  R 265 

James,  John   F 980 

James,  John  S S02,  1013 

Jarrett,  Arthur  R.,  M.  I) 724 

Jarvie,  Williard,  M.  1).  S 708 

leffery,  Reuben,  M.  D 704 

Jelliffe,  William  M 729 

Jenkins,  Charles   1063 

Jenkins,  Frederick  L 4'° 

Jenkins,  Raymond 1036 

Jenk.s,  Alniet  F 398 

Jennings,  Abraham  G 1059 

Jennings,  Spencer  A 1097 

Jervis,  Perlee  V 813 

Jewell,  Ditmas 523 

Jewett,  Charles,  M.  D 694 

Johnson,  General  Jeremiah 38 1 

Johnson,  Jere.,  Jr 1 107 

Johnson,  Jeremiah  P 163 

Johnson,  Charles  A 963 

Johnson,  Jesse 433 

Johnson,  John  G.,  M.  D 67S 

Johnson,  Virginia  Wales 764 

Johnson,   W.   Fletcher 1082 

Johnston,  Henry  M 792,  1060 

Jones,  Charles  T 997 

Jones,  E.  Williard 1002 

Jones,  Henry  R 1074 

Jones,  Jay  Sylvester 507 

Jordan,  William  H 396 

Kalbfleisch,  Edw.vkd  L ."..  1090 

Kalbfleisch,  Martin 3S5 

Kalley,  J.  X 1128 

Keating,  Edward  F 922 

Keegan,  William 1170 

Keeney,  SethL 519 

Keep,  John  Lester,  M.  D 688 

Keller,  Frederick 423 

Kelley,  John  C 245 

Kelley,  Rev.  William  V 572 

Kelly,  John 462 

Kellogg,  Edward  H 856 

Kelsay,  Rev.  Rufus  B 610 

Kene,  Joseph  A.,  M.  D 423 

Kenna,  Thomas  J 420 

Kenney,  James 414 

Kenney,  Miss  Celia 122 

Kerrigan,  Maurice  S 324 

Kessel,  H.  A 1002 

Ketcham,  Herbert  T 882 

Keyes,  Emerson  W 725 

Kidder,  Stephen 981 

Kieft,  William 35 

Kieley,  Rev.  John  M 587 

Kiernan,  John  J 1047 

Kimball,  John  W 723 

King,  Herbert  Booth 252 

King,  Horatio  C 491,  723 

Jvingsley,  Harry  S 116 

Kingsley,  W^illiam  C 304 

Kinkel,  George 418 

Kinsella,  Thomas 95 

Kinsolving,  Rev.  Arthur  B 560 

Kirby,  Abram  M 87S 

Kirby,  Frank  E S78 

Kissam,  Samuel  H 839 

Kissick,  W.  A 757 

Kitzer,  William  H 414 

Kline,  Lieut.  A.  L S26 

Knapp,  Rev.  Halsey  W 642 

Kneeland,  Stillman  V.,  LL.  D 1086 

Knight,  Henry  W 965 

Knowles,  Edwin 992 

Koch,  J.  Valentine looi 

Kurth,  Augustus 526 

Ladd,  John  B 799,  1050 

Laighton,  George  J 852 

Lamadrid,  Jnlio  J.,  M.  D- 698 


Lamb,  Albert  E 

Lamb,  Bernard 

Lambert,  Edward  A 

Langford,  Laura  C.  Holloway.    . . 

Langan,  James 

Lathrop,  S.  A 

Lauritzen,  Peter  J 

Lawrence,  Chester  B 

Lawrence,  Malcolm  R 

Lazell,  Lewis  T 

Leavy,  Patrick  H 

Le  Barbier,  Charles  E 

Le  Baron,  James  F 

Ledoux,  Paul  W 

Leete,  George  W 

Lefferts,  John 

Lefferts,  Judge  Lefi'ert 

Leigh,  C.  C 

Leonard,  Lewis  H 

Leonard,  Moses  G 

Leonard,  Stephen   B 

Leonard,  William  B 

Le  I'ine,  William  J 

Lethbridge,  Robert  P 

Leverich,  Daniel  T 

I^evy,  Aaron 

Lewis,  Benjamin 

Lewis,  Daniel  F 

Lewis,  Edwin  A.,  M.  D 

Lewis,  Elias  Jr 

Lewis,  Elijah 

Lewis,  Shepherd 

Lewis,  William   B 

Libbey,  Laura  Jean 

Linton,  Edward  F 

Litchfield,  Edward  H 

Litchfield,  Edwin  C 

Litchfield,  Elisha 

Littlejohn,  Right  Rev.  Abram  N. 

Livingston,  Peter 

Lockwood,  Edwin  C 

Lodewick,  John 

Lockwood,  John 

Logan,  Walter  .S 

Lohinann,  William  D 

Lord,  Rev.  Rivington  D 

Lott,  Jeremiah 

Loughlin,  Right  Rev.  John 

Loughran,  John 

Low,  Abiel  A 

Low,  Seth  (the  elder) 

Low,  Mayor  Seth 

Low,  Josiah  O 

Low,  WMlliam  Gilman 

Lowell,  Sidney  Vale 

Ludlam,  Edwin 

Ludlam,  Silas 

Luscomb,  Charles  H 

Lyall,  David  C 

Lyman.  Rev.  Albert  J 

Lyman,  Edward  H.  R , 

Lynch,  James  D. . .  .    

Lynch,  William  J 

Lynde,  Martins  T, 

Lyon,  William  H 


487 
425 
385 
763 
496 
1038 

893 
878 
908 

85s 
412 

1005 
119 

1006 
466 
244 
244 
977 
277 

1070 
276 
276 
827 
got 
98. 
930 
417 

2CO 
690 
2S0 
541 
200 
200 
764 

"34 

277 

3'2 

3'3 

555 

51 

1037 
661 
750 

1034 
408 

633 
375 
541 
S.S 
292 
266 
3S9 
844 
266 

513 
916 
306 

955 

0,  790 

624 

1072 

1112 

722 

644 

241 


Macfarlane,  William  P 998 

Mackellar,  John 409 

Mackellar,  Robert  F 396 

Mackenzie,  Augustus 914 

Mackey,  Dr.  John  J 1006 

Mac  Master,  John  Bach 770 

MacuUy,  James  W 997 

Maddren,  William,  M.  D 694 

Magner,  Thomas  I^ 457 

Maguire,  John 428 

Mains,  Rev.  George  P 638 

Mali.  Charle.s 1076 

Mallett,  James  F 1037 

Mallett,  Peter 644 

M alone.  Rev.  Sylvester C79 

Marean,  Josiah  T 491 

Marston,  William   H 1088 

Martin,  Charles  C 273 

Martin,  John  T 274,    7S7 

Martin.  .Stephen 413 

Mason,  Frank  C 411 

M attack.  Rev.  John 539 

Matthews,  Azel  D 976 

Matthews,  Gardiner  D 977 


PERSONAL   INDEX. 


"93 


Matthews,  James gyy 

Matthews,  William 949 

Maurer,  Theodore 392 

Maxwell,  Henry  W 281 

Maxwell,  J.  Rogers 233 

Maxwell,  William  H 713,724 

May,  Moses 929 

McAllister,  Alec.  G 727 

McCarren,  Patrick  H 459 

McCartney,  Rev.  Francis  A 391 

McCarty,  Rev.  Edward  VV 584 

McCartv,  John    460 

McCloskey,  F.  A 512 

McClosUey,   Henry 95 

McCord,  William  H      1090 

McCorkle,  John  A.,  M.  D 70[ 

McCormick,  John, 1067 

McCrossIn,  Edward  J    1007 

McCutcheon,  Wallace 994 

McDonnell,  Right  Kev.  Charles  E 578 

McDonald,  Rev.  P.  V 59[ 

McEvoy,  George  N 1069 

McGarry,  James 397,  449 

McGrath,  Daniel 394 

McGrath,  Thomas  F [  1  g 

McGuiie,  Francis  H 1055 

McGuire,  John  C 403 

McKane,  John  Y    451,  [  140 

McKay,  John  A 1058 

McKean,  Henry  M 510 

McKean,  Thomas  C 967 

McKee,  William ...  392 

McKeever,  Edward  J    ...  1061 

McKeever,  Stephen  W 1028 

McKelvey,  William  J 412 

McKelway,   St.  Clair   1 16,   272 

McKeon,  John  S 872 

McLaughlin,  Hugh 439.442,  446 

McLaughlin,  Patrick  H 409 

McLean,  Andrew 209 

McLean,  Henry  C,  M.  D 719 

McLeer,  Brig.  Gen.  James 8]8 

McMahon,  Clarence  E 1125 

McMahon,  James 249 

McNamee,  John    723 

McNaughton,  George,  ^L  D 699 

McNevin,  James 823 

McNulty,  Peter  H 720 

Medicus,  Charles   H 902 

Meier,  Richard 396 

Meredith,  Rev.  Robert  R 627 

Meriam,  Eben 132 

Meseroie,  Jeremiah  V 526 

Meyenborg,  John  1'    932 

Meyer,  Henrv  A 464 

Michell,  Col.'  Harry  W S24 

Mickleborough,  John 729 

Middleditch,  Rev.  Robert  T 641 

Middleton,  Clifford  L 837 

Middleton,  Stanley 7^^+ 

Miller,  Ebcin 7-3 

Miller,  Frank  G 840 

Miller,  Olive  Thorne 765 

Mills,  William  S 73° 

Mines,  John  Flavel 76- 

Minuit,  Peter 35 

Mirick,  Horatio  G.,  M.  D.  S 707 

Mitchell,  Rev.  James  H    57S 

Mitchell,  Capt.  Edmund  H 827 

Molineux,  Maj.  Gen.  Edward  L 834 

Mollenhauer,  John 894 

Mollenhauer,  J.  Adolph S94 

Mollenhauer,  Louis 815 

Monieyer,  Alvy  W. 9'- 

Monahan,  Hugh   V 1099 

Moody,   Leonard i  loS 

Moore,  Harrison  B 1069 

Moore,  Henry  A 47 ' 

Moore,  William  D 4' 5 

Moran,  Rev.  Michael  J 5^4 

Moran,  Thomas 7-4 

.Morgan,  Henry  P 5-^ 

Morgan,  James  H 9*^9 

Morgan,  James  L.,  Jr 974 

Morris,  Charles  E    1 14° 

Morris,  Montrose  W --o 

Morris,  Samuel  D 4^° 

Morris,  Theodore 3-7 

Morrison,  Rev.  Albert  A    564 

Morse,  Charles  W 9-° 


Morse,  David  R 

Morse,   Horace  J 

Morse,  Jerome   E 

Morton,  Henry  H.,  M.  D. 

Moss,  Frederick  W 

Mundell,  William  A 

Munger,  Devine  M 

Munn,  Alexandei' 

Munroe,  P'rederick  M    .  .  .  . 

Murdock,   Harvey    

Murphy,  Arthur 

Murphy,  Edward  C 

Murphy,  George  H 

Murphy,  Henry  C 

Murphy,  Jasper 

Murphy,  John . 

Murphy,  Thomas 

Musson,  George  T 

Myers,  Frederick  J 

Myers,  Samuel 


.3S2 


645 
910 
952 
U70 

§57 

IIOI 

868 
1066 
1058 

254 
S5S 
476 

425 
,  768 

7=4 
903 
413 
1003 
roo3 
394 


Nathan,  Ernsp 451 

Naughton,  James   W    726 

Nelson,  Fred  O 997 

Neu,  Jacob 476 

Nevins,  Thomas  F 416 

Newkirk,  Jacob    i  [26 

Newton,  Richard  V.  B 1 145 

Nichols,  George  L 325 

Nichols,  George  L.,  Jr 1074 

Nichols,  John  A    1068 

Nies,  Kev.  James  B 560 

Nissen,  Ludwig 8gr 

Nitchie,  Henry  E 857 

Nolan,  Francis 424 

Norris,  1  [enry  D 1036 

Northup,  Daniel  W .....  722 

Nostrand,  [.  Lott    1 169 

Noyes,  Stephen  B 773 

Nugent,  John  S 867 

Nutt,  Capt.  Hassell 827 

Oakky,  John   280 

Oakley,  John  K    1053 

Offerman,  Carsten 1074 

O'Flvn,  Edward  J 405 

O'Gi-ady,  W.  L.  D 967 

O'Rourke,  John   H   932 

Ogden,  Willis  L 837 

Olcott,  Cornelius,  M.  D 897 

Olcott,  George  M 843 

Olcott,  Lillian 897 

Oldring,  Henry  J.,  Jr 5(9 

Olena,  Theophikis 935 

Oliver,  Richard 831 

Ormsbee,  Hermann  W 128 

Orr,  Alexander  Ector 280 

Osborn,  Albert  Halsey 323 

Osborne,  William  James. .  .    473 

Owens,  William,  Jr   913 

Packer,  William  S 737 

Page,  Major  E 118 

Palmer,  Joseph  E.,  Jr 966 

Parker,  John  R 906 

Parker,  Rev.  Lindsay 563 

Parsons,  Albert  R 97° 

Parsons,  Frederick  H 885 

Parsons,  Hosmer  B 9=5 

Parsons,  Jacob  C 97° 

Partridge,  Col.  John  N    830 

Patchen,  Jacob 7- 

Patterson,  Calvin 7 '4.  7=7 

Paulding,  Rear  Admiral  Hiram 147 

Paye.  Waller  K 840 

Peabodv,  Royal  C zo6 

Peak,  William  N 1092 

Pearsall,  Frank 108 r 

Pearsall,  Thomas  E 4SS 

I'eck,  Andrew 877 

Peck,  Rev.  J.  O 642 

Peed,  Charles  N =  1  2,  978 

Peet,  John  H 974 

Peet,  Louis  H 1050 

Peet,  William 848 

Pendas  Y  (larcia,  Ysidro 1072 

Penner,  Thomas  A i'34 

Pennoyer,  Charles  H 833 

Perhani,  Aaron  G    876 

Perkins,  James  D 905 


Perry,  Andrew  J   1052 

Perry,  John  H 417 

Perry,  Joseph  A 30S 

Peters,  Bernard 206 

Petterson,  John 4-6 

Pettit,  Foster 978 

Phelps,  Augustus  W 1002 

Philip,  James   I' S77 

Pickering,  Richard 397 

Pierrepoiit,  Henry  Evelyn 26S 

Picrrepont,  Hexekiah  B 26S 

I'ilcher,  Lewis  S.,  M.  D 674 

Piper,  El  win  .S 902 

Piatt,  Joseph 329 

Plympton,  George  W ■ 1047 

Polhemus,  Rev.  Johannes  Theodorus..  537 

Pope,  Norton  Q 775 

Porter,  Admiral  David   D 294 

I'orter,  Howard  A 840 

Porter,  William  R 1038 

Post,  Andrew  J 10S8 

Potter,  William  E 950 

Potts,  WMlliam 1022 

Pouch,  Alfred  J    22S 

Powell,  David  B 517 

Powell,  Henry  A 512 

Powell,  John  K 723 

Powell,  Samuel  S 385 

Powell,  Joshua  W i  it  i; 

Powers,  Edmund  W 212 

Praeger,  John  F 1019 

Pratt,  Calvin  E 469 

Pratt,  Charles 30  5>  739.  74  5 

Pratt,  Deane  W 1007 

i'ralt,  William  H.  B.,  M.  D 695 

Prentice,  Jolin   H 303,  733 

Prentice,  William  S.  P 854 

Price,  Dr.  Edward  W 397 

Price,  George  A 962 

Price,  George  H 129 

Pi  itcharcl,  Robert  K 1000 

Proctor,  Edna  Dean 763 

Puels,  Joseph  P r  I2r 

Pnig,  Emilio 893 

Putnam,  Harrington 507 

Qiiintard,  John  A 497 

Race,  James  H.,  M.  D.  S 707 

Radcliff,  Judge 4S2 

Rae,  William  P 1 120 

Ramsay,  Dick  S 859 

Rand,  Henry  W.,  M.  D 696 

Ranken,  John   M 465 

Rapclje,  Joris  Jansen  de 37 

"         Sarah  de 37 

Rasquin,  Henry  S 496 

Raymond,  Eliakim 28S,   541 

Raymond,  John  Howard 298,  734 

Raymond,  Joseph    H.,   M.  D 691 

Raymond,  1-iossiter  W 767 

Reed,   F,  Dana 120 

Reilly,  Edward 410 

Remington,    James  H 1021 

Kenauld,  John   Butler i  20 

Reynolds,  Charles   H 1059 

Reynolds,  Isaac    D MOO 

Reynolds,  (Seorge  (; 483 

Rhinehart,  Clark   D S81 

Rhoades,  John  W S83 

Rhodes,  George  R 413 

Rice,  James,  Jr 916 

Richardson,  John  E.,  M.  D 695 

Richardson,  John  W 953 

Richardson,  William 202 

Ridgway,   James  W 426 

Riesthal,  Alphonse  de 914 

Ripley,  George    H 1037 

Robbins.  Aaron  .S 107S 

Roberts,  Richard  S 1084 

Robertson,  Charles  E 1063 

Rodeman,  George 751,  752 

Roebling,  John  A 166 

Roehr,  lulward  p'ranz 20S 

Rochr,  Henry  lulward 20S 

Rogers,  Andrew  B.,  Jr 876 

Rollins,  Alice  W 764 

Romig.  John  F.  . . .    S71 

Ropes,  Albert   G 9S2 

Ropes,  Walter  P 9S3 


1 104 


PERSONAL    INDEX. 


Ropes,  Ripley.      300 

Ross.  Jiimes    1, 91 ' 

Ross,  J.  StewLirt 514 

Rossiter.  Walter  K 91 ; 

Rossiter,  William  W ^46 

Ruwe,  Kdwartl 717 

Rowland,  Siiliiev  K i  1  jS 

Rushmore,  John  I>. .  .    694 

Rutan,  'I'honias  B 405 

Rutherford,  Charles  II 881 

Ryan,  Daniel 4-- 

Sackett,  Gukk.nsev 329 

Sacketi,  John   T 880 

Sanimis,  Kzra  R 1025 

Sanuielis,  A.  R.. 983 

Sanborn,   N.  B 990 

Sanford,   Rev.  Joseph 541 

Sands,  fames  W 838 

Sangsler,  IMari>aret   E 764 

Saunders,   Frederick 763 

vSaxe,  John  G 770 

Sayre.  Rev.  James 539 

Sciiaffer,  Edwin  C 509 

Schanfcle,  William  J.    looc 

Schellenl^erg,  liernavd 931 

Schenck,  Frederick  It 635 

Schenck,  N.  Pendleton loSo 

Schenck,  P.  L.,  M,  D 927 

Schieren,  Charles  A.. 1046 

Schimmei,  Anton 724 

Schlieman,  John 407 

Schneider,  P.arth  I [29 

Scholes,  Frederick 899 

Sclirueder  Frederick   A 3S8 

Scott,  Walter,  Jr     874 

Seamans.   Clarence  W 866 

Searle.  William  S.,  M.  D 684 

Seccomb,  Edward  A..    3f7,  807 

See,  Edwin   F 635 

Seide,  Henry 873 

Seitz,  Louis  F 222 

Selyns.  Rev.  Henricus 537 

Seney,  George  I 665 

Serrell,  Captain  Edward  W 155 

Shaw,  Charles  A 962 

Shaw,    I.  Austin 8S4 

Shaw.  John  C,  M.  H 697 

Shearman,  Thomas  G 482 

Sheldon,  Henry 971 

Sheldon,  W'illiam  C,  Jr .  S57 

Shepard,  Charles  H.,  M    D 1094 

Shepard,  E.  M 491 

Sheppard,  Warren 7S4 

Sherer,   William 947 

Sherwell,  Samuel.  M    1). 690 

Shevlin,  James 44S 

Shimer.  Robert  H S84 

Shipman,  Lieut.   Frederick  E    826 

Ship  man.  O.  E 926 

Short,  Denis 40S 

Short.   Martin,. 4  r  3 

Shorter,  John    LT 428 

Shnmway,  William  W     i  M- 

Silkman,  Capt,  Chailes   R 831 

Si  11  cocks,  Warren    S 9r2 

Silliman,  Augustus  Ely .  .  .  .  310 

Silliman.  Penjamin   D 477 

Simis,  Ccesar 719 

SiinuKjUs,    Daniel.  M.    D 907 

Sinion^ion.   J.  A    S 1125 

Sinn,  William  E 990,  993 

Sittig,  Frank        8S6 

Skene,  Alexander  J.  C,  M    D 673 

Skinner.  Charles  M 119 

Sloan,  .Augustus  K 1OT9 

Slocum,  I  lenrv  W 270 

Smvlie,  Adolph  E 911 

,Sinith,  Lieut.  Col.    Alexis  (_' 830 

Smith,  Ptnjaniin   C lOOi 

Sn:iith,  Hryan    H      974 

Smith,  Clarence   P 1 130 

Smith,  Cyrus  P 381 

Smith.  George,  ]\L  D    703 

Smith,  Howard   M. 864 

Smith,  J.  I  fenry 1020 

Smith,  K.  A.  C 1022 

Smilh,   Samuel 384 

Smith,  Theodore  W 1003 

Smith,  W.  \\'ickham [052 


Snethen,    Nicholas 

Snook, John  B 

Sniiw,  Ambrose 

Snow,  Robert 

Somers,  Arthur  S 

Southard,  George  H 

Speir,  Samuel  Fleet,  AL  D 

Spence,  Thomas  G 

Spicer,  Elihu 

Spicker,  Max 

Sp^oner,  Alden  J 

Sj)rague,  Joseph 75, 

Sprague,  Nathan  T 

Scjuier,  E|3hraim  G •  ■ 

Stafford,  Charles  M 

Stanwood,  I.  Augustus 

Staples,  Cyrus  E 

Stapleton,  Luke  D 

Stearns,  James  S 

Steele,  Charles  C 

Steen,  Major  Benjamin  S 

Stefani,  R.  Estava  de 

Stevenson,  Frederick  H 

Stewart.  Horatio   S 

Stewart.  Seih  Thaver 

Slewari,  T,  McCanls 

.Stiles,  Henrv  R    

Stillman,  Thomas  E 

Stillwell,  Abraham  L 

Stillwell,  Charles  R 

Stillwell,  George  W 

Stillwell,  Van   iMater 

Stoddard,  Mrs.  Lucy  E 

Stoffelsen,  Jacob 

Stokum,  Harrie  J 

Stone,  David  M 269, 

Stone,  Jav 

Storrs,  Rev.  Richard  Salter..  .    543,  620. 

Story,  Jeremiah  T 

Stranahan,  J.  S    T 

Stratton,  E.  Washington 

Sti  aulj,  George 

Sti  ebeck,  Rev.  George 

Street,  Charles  G 

Strycker,  Jacob  Van 

Stryker,  Francis  Burdett 

Strvker,  [aques  S 

Studwell,  George  S    . 

Sturges,  Benjamin 

Stuvvesant.  Peter 

Sullivan,  William 

Sutherland,  Kenneth  F 

Sutton,  William  H 

.Suvdam,  Adrian  Marten.se 

Suydam,  Bernard    

Suydam,  Jacob   . 

Swan    Alden  S    

Swansti  om,  J.  Edward 

Sweet,  Abraham  L 

Switzer,  Henrv  C 


Talm.adgp:,  Thomas  Goin... 
Talmage,  John  F.,  M.  D  .  .  ..  . 
'I'almagt,  l\.ev.  T.  DeWitt.... 

Talma<^e,  Tunis  V.  P . 

Tate,  Augustus  C 

Tate,  William  J    

Tavlor,  Hubert  G 

Taylor  James  A 

Taylor.  John  A 

Tavlor,  Thomas  W 

Tavlor,  William  S 

Tayntor,  Charles  E 

Teale,  Charles  E 

Telibetts,  Noah 

Tennev,  Asa  W 

Terhune,  Mrs.  Marv 

Tetamore,  Frank  L.  R 

Tcves,  Frederick  E    

Thallon,  Robert    

Thaver,  Henry  W    

Thomas,  Edward   P 

Thompson,  [ohn  R 

Thompson,  Capt.  William  H. 

Thrall,  Edwin  A 

Tighe.  [anies  (i 

Titus,  Henry 

'I'ollner,  Charles,  Jr 

Topping,  Abijah  H 

Totten,  Rev.  Joseph 


■395' 


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530 

692 

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309 
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768 
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825 

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769 

1014 

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763 

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Towns,  Mirabeau  L   494 

Tracy,  lleiijamiii  F 47S 

'I'rask,  S])encer 974 

Trask,   \Vaylaiid 947 

Tied  well,  Uaniel  M 769 

Trenchard,  Stephen  Decatur 327 

Trotter,  Jonathan 3S0 

'I'rowbridge,  Frederick  H 1060 

Tucker,  Harrison  A.,  M.  U 1574 

Tucker,  John  A 857 

Tunibridge,  Captain  William 213 

Turner,  John  S loi  s 

Tweedy.  John  A    1096 

Tyler,  Frank  H 1124 

Ut'itJiiN,  Richard 323 

Upteyro\e,  \\'illian)  E 1078 

Utter,  .Samuel   S 1055 

Van  Andf.n,  Isaac go 

Van  An  den,  William  M 114 

Van  Heuren,  Hendrick 661 

Van  IJokkelen,  .Spencer  D.  C'    975 

Van  lluren,  Kobeit 402 

Van  C'leaf,  John  C 210 

Van  Cott.  Joshua  M.,  M.  U 703 

Van  I)er  lieeck,  Paulus   66l 

\'anclerbilt,  John    314 

Vander\'eer,  Adrian 1 1  36 

Van  l)e  Water,  Harry 661 

Van  l)vk,  James 1004 

Van  Kleek,  R.  L.,M.  D 1147 

Van  Nostrand,  Mrs.  Louise  ]! 277 

Van  Woert,  Frank  T.,  M.  D.  S 70S 

Van  Wyck,  Augustus 473 

Vega,  Joseph  A 925 

Velsor,  Joseph  A 883 

Vernon,  Thomas loSo 

Vogel,   William 979 

Volckening,  Charles  J 396 

Voorhies,  John  L 1141 

Voorhees,  Judah  IJ 975 

Voule,  J.  Uscai- 840 

Wadsvvorth,  E.  CliI'I'urd,  V>.  D.  S.  .  898 

Wadsworth,  Wedworth 783 

^\'afer,  Moses  J 392 

Wagner,  Arnold  Harris 464 

Walke,  Henry 435 

Walker,  Alexander 4^3 

Walkley,  Arthur  H 428 

Wall,  Rev.  George 339 

W'allace,  William  Cojieland 4CS 

Wallace,  William  J 226 

W'alsh,  Andiew 319 

Walsh,  lohn  1) 724 

Walsh,  John  H 725 

Walsh,  John    J 474 

W^alton,  Miss  Marv  F 123 

^^'alton.  William 120 

W  ard,  Edwin  C 303 

W^ard,  Edward  G 724 

Ward,  Frederic  A 502 

Ward,  George  G 857 

Ward,  General  Rodney  C 322 

Ward.  Rev.  T.  F....! 5S2 

Waters,  Major  Charles  E S37 

Watson,  William 476 

Watson,  Lieut.  Col.  William  L 822 

Webb,  Captain  Thomas   539 

Weber,  Anthony ^03 

Weber,  John  W 724 

Webster,  Eli/.ur  G 10S4 

Weidnian,  Paul,  Jr 907 

W^eidnian,  Paul,  Sr 931 

Weir,  Frederick    1 171 

Weir,  James,  Tr 722 

Wells,  Albert' P 524 

Wells,  Rev.  John  D, .    601 

Weruberg,  Jerrv  A 493 

West,  Charles  E 753.77^3 

West,  Frank  E.,  M.   I ) 697 

Westlake,   William 885 

Wheeler,  Charles   1! 1 1 19 

Wheeler,  1  lassan  M 955 

Wheeler,  William  J 1119 

Wheelock,  Adam  I) 1:33 

White,  Edward  ]) 975 

\\'hite,  (ieorge  W 51S 

White,  James  P 411; 


PERSONAL    INDKX 


1195 


White,  J.  M 921 

White,  Slephen  Van  CuUen 265 

White,  William  1) 966 

Whitehouse,  S.   Stewart -  -  935 

Whitman,  Walt 771 

Whitney,  Abijah 916 

Whitney,  Charles  S 876 

Whitney,  Daniel  D 390 

Whitney,  Edward  J,,  M.  D 916 

Wickes,  William  W 1094 

Wiggins,  Carleton 783 

Wight,  Jarvis  S.,  M.  D 686 

Wilber,  Mark  D 487 

Wild,  Joseph 1080 

Wilkin,  Robert  J    1080 

Williams,  Edward  G 999 

Williams,  Henry  R 1141 

Williams,  Percy  G 998 

Williamson,  Stephen  S 1 146 

Alden,  Charles  C 1057 


Willis,  Harrison,  M.  D 687 

Willis,  Henry  A looi 

Willis,  Theodore  B 453 

Wilson,  Benjamin  W 644 

Wilson,  Elbert  C 1023 

Wilson,  Francis  H - . .  865 

Wilson,  Thomas  A 404 

Wilson,  William  K 856 

Wines,  William  D   644 

Wingate,  George  W 282 

Winslow,  John 481 

Wintringham,  Sidney 980 

Wise,  William 980 

Wiske,  C.  Mortimer -  812 

Witherbee,  Mrs.  Alice  Hanson... .  123 

Wood,  Alfred  M 148,  386 

Wood,  John -  - .  1074 

Woodford,  Stewart  Lyndon 260 

Woodruff,  Franklin .    454 

Omissions. 

Myers,   Samuel 391 


Woodruff,  Timothy  L 91Q 

Woodward,  John  B 744 

Wright,  Rev.  George ......  539 

Wright,  Henry  C 758 

Wunderlich,  Frederick  W.,  M.  D 688 

Wurster,  Frederick  W 888 

Wyckoff,  Nicholas ...- 258 

Wyckoff,  Peter 258 

Wyckoff,  William  0 874 

York,  Bern.ird  J ;io 

Young,  Dr.  John   S -    398 

Zmiriskie,  Cornelius 1095 

Zabriskie,  John  L.,  M.  D 684 

Zender,  Austin  A - 1 126 

Ziegler,  William 269 


Reynolds,  William  Tl    1057 


%l. 


^%^ 


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