Surnames of the United Kingdom: a concise etymological dictionary

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SURNAMES OF THE
UNITED KINGDOM

SUENAMES

OF THE

UNITED KINGDOM:

A CONCISE ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY

BY

HENRY HARRISON

Author of "The Place-Names of the Liverpool District",

"Lancashire Place-Names", "The Vernacular Form

of Abjuration and Confession of Faith, &c.'',

"Romancing about Names", "The Origin of

Yanlcee", "Italian Onomatology", &c.

Assisted by GvtjA Harrison, formerly of Queen's College, London

VOLUME TWO

LONDON

The Mobland Press, Ltd., 190 Ebury Street, S.W.I

19]L8

LIST OF ORIGINAL SUBSCRIBERS

Aberdeen Public Library (G. M. Fraser, Esq., Librarian).

C. W. Adams, Esq., Haileybury College, Hertford.

C. H. Bellamy, Esq., 7, Rue de I'Epidene, Tourcoing.

James G. Bisset, Esq., 85, Broad Street, Aberdeen.

Henry Brierley, Esq., 26, Swinley Road, Wigan.

Brighton Public Library.

The Right Rev. Bishop Browne, 2, Campden House Road, W.8.

J. F. L. Brunner, Esq., M.P., 43, Harrington Gardens, S.W.7.

A. C. Caldicott, Esq., Church House, Henley-in-Arden.

G. P. Cardell, Esq., 21, Chorley New Road, Bolton.

Miss D'Arcy, Spring Road, Abingdon.

Major R. de S. Dudgeon, Bombay.

W. H. Duignan, Esq., Gorway House, Walsall.

William Ford Edgelow, Esq., Braddon Villa, Torquay.

Frank Gallsworthy, Esq., Wellesley Buildings, Leeds.

Guildhall Library (Bernard Kettle, Esq., Librarian), London.

E. Hampden-Cooke, Esq., Barton-on-Humber.
Rev. H. A. Harris, Thorndon Rectory, Eye.
Norman P. JafFrey, Esq., Gorway House, Walsall.

Lieut.- Colonel J. H. Leslie, 31, Kenwood Park Road, Sheffield.

R. Mond, Esq., M.A., F.R.S.E., Combe Bank, Sevenoaks.

William Morgan, Esq,, 53, Lucerne Road, Thornton Heath.

Norwich Free Library.

His Grace the Duke of Northumberland (J. C. Hodgson, Esq., Librarian).

J. Pulsford, Esq., 80, Terminus Road, Eastbourne.

Public Record Office, Chancery Lane, W.C.2.

J. Reffitt-Oldfield, Esq., Over Woolacombe, N. Devon.

F. Sadler, Esq., 201, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds.
Rev. C. P. Sheppard, Bourton, Dorset.

F. R. Twemlow, Esq., Peatswood, Market Drayton.

Rev. Geoffrey Egerton-Warburton, Warburton Rectory, Warrington.

Rev. S. C. Wood, Stroxton, Grantham.

Roland A. Wood-Seys, Esq., Sidmouth.

The List of Subscribers had to be closed at an early period, as the Publisher
found that the original subscription-price of £1 Is. Od. was inadequate owing to
the cost of printing being considerably greater than had at first been anticipated ;
but he has pleasure in stating that most of those above named have voluntarily
paid an extra 10s. 6d. in addition to their original subscription.

FORESPEECH II.

Owing to the War the Second Volume of the Dictionary has taken
longer to complete than was anticipated when the First Volume was
issued. There is little to add to the preface to Vol. I. In February,
1917, I suffered a grievous loss by the death, after a long illness, of
my wife GySa, only daughter of the late Professor F. S. Pulling,
M.A. Oxon. During the past two years my friend Mr. A. A. Neil,
M. A., Ph.D., has kindly helped me with the proof-reading. I should
once again acknowledge my indebtedness to Mr. Edward Smith for
the loan of his very useful MS. Index of Place-Names occurring in
Dr. Birch's 'Gartularium Saxonicum.' This Index, with some re-
vision, ought to be printed at the expense of the nation. I only
regret that I had not the use of it for the early parts of the First
Volume of the Dictionary.

It has not been thought desirable, on consideration, to print the
list of treatises quoted, promised in the first Forespeech. Such a
list could have little intrinsic value ; and, in any case, paper has now
to be economized.

I wish, in conclusion, to express my thanks to Mr. Walter Bradley,
Managing Director of the Morland Press, Ltd., for very valuable co-
operation in various ways.

Hy. Harrison.

August 1918.

ABBREVIATIONS, ETC.

A.-Fr. = Anglo-French.

A.-Fr.-Lat. = ^^.nglo-French-Latin;

agent. = agential, denoting the agent.

anc. = anciently.

app. = apparently.

Aram. = Aramaic.

A.-Sax. = Anglo-Saxon or Old English.

asp. = aspirated.

assim. = assimilated; assimilation.

Bel. = Belonging.

Bret. = Breton.

Cal. Geneal. = Calendarium Genealogicum

(temp. Hen. III.— Edw. I.).
Cal. Inq. ad q. Damn. = Calendarium In-

quisitionum ad quod Damnum (temp.

Edw. II.— Hen. VI.).
Cal. Inq. P.M. = Calendarium Inquisitio-

num Post Mortem (A.D. 1217-1485).
Cal. Rot. Chart. = Calendarium Rotulorum

Chartarum (temp. John — Edw. IV.).
Cal. Rot. Orig. = Calendarium Rotulorum

Originalium (temp. Hen. III. — Edw.

III.).
Cart. Sax. = Cartulai'ium Saxonicum

(Birch).
Celt. = Celtic.
Cod. Dipl. = Cqdex Diplomaticus JEvi

Saxonici (Kemble).
Cont. = Continental,
contr. = contraction.
Corn. =' Cornish,
corr. = corrupt(ion.
Dan. = Danish.

Dan.-Norw. = Dano-Norwegian.
der. = derivative.
Dial. = Dialect(al.
dim. = diminutive(s.
Dipl. Angl. = Diplomatarium Anglicum

iEvi Saxonici (Thorpe).
Dut. = Dutch.

E.D.D. =Eiielish Dialect Dictionary.
E., Eng. = English.
E. Eng. = Eastern English.
E. Fris. = East Frisian.
E.M.E. = Early Middle English.
E. Mod. E. = Early Modern English.
f. = from, formed on.
fil. = filial, son-.
Flem. = Flemish,
form. = formerly ; formative.
Frank. = Frankish.
Fris. = Frisian.
Gael. = Gaelic.
Gaul. = Gaulish.
Goth. = Gothic.
Gt. Inq. of Serv. = Great Inquest of Service

(A.D. 1212).

Heb. = Hebrew.

Hund. Rolls = Hundred- Rolls or Rotuli

Hundredorum (A.D. 1274).
Ir. = Irish.

L.Ger. = Low German.
L.Lat. = Low Latin, Late Latin (Post-
classical).
M.Dut. = Middle Dutch.
M.E. = Middle English (12th to ijlh cent.)
meton. = metonymic.
M.H.Ger. = Middle High German (12th

to 15th cent.)
M.Ir. = Middle Irish (12th to mid. i6thcent.
M.N.E. = Middle Northern English.
M.Scot. = Middle Scottish.
M.Wel. = Middle Welsh.
Nat. Gaz. = National Gazetteer of Gt. Bri-
tain and Ireland, 12 vols., 1868.
N.E. = Northern English.
N.E.D. = New English Dictionary.
N.Fr. = Northern French.
Norw. = Norwegian,
occ. = occasionally.
O.Bret. = Old Breton.
O.E. = Old English or Anglo-Saxon.
O.Fr. = Old French.
O.Fris. = Old Frisian.
O.Gael. = Old Gaelic.
O.H.Ger. = Old High German.
O.L.Ger. = Old Low German.
O.Ir. = Old Irish.
O.N. = Old Norse or Icelandic.
O.N.E. = Old Northern English.
O.S.E. = Old Southern English.
O.Sax. = Old (Continental) Saxon.
O.Teut. = Old Teutonic.
O.Wel. = Old Welsh.
Pari. Writs = Parliamentary Writs (A.D.

1 272-1 326).
Pict. = Pictish.
Plac. de Quo Warr. = Placita de Quo

Warranto (temp. Edw. I., II., III.).
Plac. Dom. Cap. Westm. = Placita in Domo

Capitulari Westmonasteriensi (temp.

Rich. I.-Edw. II.).
plen. = plenary.
Rot. Norm. = Rotuli Normanniae (A.D.

1200-5 ^^^ 1417)-
Scand. = Scandinavian.
Sem. = Semitic,
s.n. = sub nomine.
S.E. = Southern English.
S.Fr. = Southern French.
Swed. = Swedish.
Teut. = Teutonic,
var. = variant(s; variantly.
Wei. = Welsh.

* = Not recorded (Based on analogy).
Old English and Old Norse ]>, «S = th

v»„

CONTENTS, VOLUME II.

)f Original Subscribers

ipeech II

iviations, &c.

3 Smith's Poem on Surnames'

Origin of our Surnames ...

ndexing of Surnames

)nary of Surnames, M — Z

ological' Appendix of the Principal Foreign Names found
Jritish Directories ... ... ..:

dments and Additions

Page

vttt.
i. — XV
xvi.
1—

318—;
330—;

SURNAMES

[The following clever verses by James Smith, of ' Rejected
Addresses ' fame, although they have more than once been printed,
are worth reproducing here.]

Men once were surnamed from their shape or estate,

(You all may from History worm it) ;
There was Lewis the Bulky, and Henry the Great,

John Laekland, and Peter the Hermit.
But now, when the door-plates of Misters and Dames

Are read, each so constantly varies
From the owner's trade, figure, and calling, Surnames
Seem given by the rule of contraries.

Mr. Box, though provoked, never doubles his fist,

Mr. Burns, in his grate, has no fuel ;
Mr. Playfair won't catch me at hazard or whist,

Mr. Coward was winged in a duel.
Mr. Wise is a dunce, Mr. King is a whig,

Mr. Coffin's uncommonly sprightly,
And huge Mr. Little broke down in a gig,

While driving fat Mrs. Golightly.

Mrs. Drinkwater's apt to indulge in a dram,

Mrs. Angel's an absolute fury.
And meek Mr. Lyon let fierce Mr. Lamb
Tweak his nose in the lobby of Drury.
At Bath, where the feeble go more than the stout,

(A conduct well worthy ot Nero),
Over poor Mr. Lightfoot, confined with the gout,

Mr. Heaviside danced a"Bolero.

-Miss Joy, wretched maid, when she chose Mr, Love,

Found nothing but sorrow await her:
She now holds in wedlock, as true as a dove.

That fondest of mates, Mr. Hayter.
Mr. Oldcastle dwells in a modern-built hut.

Miss Sage is of madcaps the archest ;
Of all the queer bachelors Cupid e'er cut.

Old Mr. Younghusband's the starchest.

Mr. Child, in a passion, knock'd down Mr. Rock,

Mr. Stone like an aspen-leaf shivers ;
rtiss Poole used to dance, but she stands Jike a stock

Ever since she became Mrs. Rivers ;
Mr. Swift hobbles onward, no mortal knows how.

He moves as though cords had entwin'd him ;
Mr. Metcalfe ran off, upon meeting a cow,

With pale Mr. "Turnbull behind him.

Mr. Barker's as mute as a fish in the sea,

Mr. Miles never moves on a journey ;
Mr. Gotobed sits up till half-after three,

Mr. Makepeace was bred an attorney.
Mr. Gardener can't tell a flower from a root,

Mr. Wilde with timidity draws back,
Mr. Ryder performs all his journeys on foot,

Mr. Foote all his journeys on horseback.

Mr. Penny, whose father was rolling in wealth,

Kick'd down all his fortune his dad won,
Large Mr. Le Fever's the picture of health,

Mr. Goodenough is but a bad one.
Mr. Cruickshank stept into three thousand a year,

By shewing his leg to an heiress —
Now I hope you'll acknowledge I've made it quite clear

That surnames ever go by contraries.

via.

THE ORIGIN OF OUR SURNAMES

The Anglo-Saxons were well acquainted with the use of what we
call surnames; but naturally with them such use was exceptional,
and by way of distinguishment, as, for example, in the famous case
of the two ill-fated 7th- century missionaries to the Continental
Saxons, both named Hewald and distinguished from each other by
the descriptive surnames, from the colour of their hair, Black (Niger)
and White (Albus). The earliest historical instance of an Anglo-
Saxon surname seems to be that of Hengest's son, the Kentish King
Eric (Baeda's Oeric), d. A.D. 512, who was surnamed ^Esc (Bseda's
Oisc), i.e. Lance or Spear, from the ash-wood shaft. In the follow-
ing century we have perhaps the earliest recorded instance of an
Anglo-Saxon patronymic: a monk named Biscop (Bishop) was sur-
named Baducing, that is Baduc's Son. By the 10th century, with
the increase of population, surnames had become commoner, and we
meet with such patronymics as (Eanulf) Penearding, i.e. Pen(h)eard's
Son, and ( Wulfhere) Cidding, i.e. Cidda's or Cydda's Son, as well as
names like Wulfgar Leofa (Beloved), Wulfsie se Blaca (the Black),
and the equivalent of our local surnames in Bryhtwald on (variantly
aet) Msereweorthe ; while in at least one instance we find what may
be considered to be the counterpart of our modern double-barrelled
surnames : Wulfhun se Blaca aet Sumortune. Later still, in the
11th century, we meet with Godwig se Bucca (the Buck), Mliwig se
R6od (the Red), jElfweard Dudda, Wulfgaer set Hiwerc, .^Elfwig
ast Hsegdune ; and a daughter of Cnut, Gunhild, was surnamed
^thelthryth.

Further, as to the Scandinavian side of our ancestry, we find, as
descendants of Harald Bldtand (Blue Tooth), Svend Tiugu-skegg
(Fork-Beard), Thorgils Sprakalegg (Creak-Leg), Svend Estridsen
(Estrid's Son), and Harald Heraf6t(Harefoot) ; while one of Blatand's
daughters married Olaf Tryggvason (Tryggvi's Son).

The Anglo-Saxons had three words denoting 'surname' or 'cog-
norhen': cti^nama, literally familiar name';/r^'o««ma:, lit. free name';
and td-nama, lit. 'additional name.' The Norsemen used the word
kenningar-nafn, from the genit. sing., kenntngar, of kenning, mark
of recognition'. The present-day Dano-Norwegian word is tilnavn.

The ordinary names of the Anglo-Saxons "were imposed," says
Sharon Turner ('Hist, of the A. -Saxons,' IV. 47), "as with us, in
their infancy, by their parents. In several charters it is mentioned
that the persons therein alluded to had been called from their cradles
by the names expressed, and which they had received 'not from
accident, but from the will of their parents.' "

"The Hebrews attached great importance to the meanings of their
names" ('Camb. Bible Diet.,' p. 109) ; but it has been argued, on
insufficient grounds, that the Anglo-Saxons, on the coiitrary, paid no
such regard to signification. It is true that there are a certain
number of Anglo-Saxon compound or bi-elemental personal names
Ti^hich seem to lend colour to this theory; but, on the other hand, the
vast majority of them make perfectly good sense on analysis, and
were evidently originally formed with a specific semantic purpose.
Thus the leading German etymologist, -Kluge, does not hesitate to

Anglo-
Saxon
Surnames

Old

Scandi-
navian
Surnames

A. -Saxon
and Scand.
words for
'Surname'

Turner on
A. -Saxon
Names

Meaning

of
A.-Saxon

Names

Skeat on
A.-Saxon

Names as
Modern

Surnames

Kemble's

and Birch's

A.-Saxon

Charters

The, Vogue

of

Surnames

Isaac

Taylor

on our

Surnames

translate Old Germanic names when he has occasion to mention them
in his 'Etymologisches Worterbuch der deutschen Sprache' (ed.
1910)— e.g. Ruodolf (Famous Wolf), Adalolf (Adolf), the common
A.-Saxon ^thelwulf (Noble Wolf), Kuonrat, the A.-Saxon C(o)enred
(Wise Counsel), Gothic Frithareik-s=German Friedrich=A. -Saxon
Frithuric, Eng. Frederick (Peace-Ruler), etc.; and Sweet enlarges
on the meaning of Beowulf (lit. Bee- Wolf) in his 'A.-Saxon Reader,'
p. 216, although I by no means agree with his extended explanation.
Moreover we find at any rate one Anglo-Saxon, the Northumbrian
Latin poet Ethelwolf (.(Ethelwulf), giving the signification of his name:

Hsec Lupus, alte Pater, stolido de pectore Clarus . . .
quoted by T. Wright in 'Biographia Britannica Literaria: A.-Saxon
Period,' p. 371. Two famous Anglo-Saxon scholars, Baeda and
Alhwin (Alcuin), both wrote treatises on the interpretation of Hebrew
names; and Baeda liked to comment on the signification of names, as
in the case of Felix ( Hist. Eccl.,' II. xv.).

A useful 'List of Anglo-Saxon Names still in use as Surnames'
(with an Index of Modern Names), by the late Prof. Skeat, appears
in the Transactions of the Philological Society, 1907, pp. 57-85. As
the basis of this treatise Skeat has used Searle's Onomasticon Anglo-
Saxonicum' (1897) for the Old-English names and Bardsley's Dic-
tionary of English and Welsh Surnames' (l90l) for modern and
Middle-English names ; both of which works were referred to in my
Introduction to Vol. I. It is necessary to say here that I do not
agree with some of the statements made by Skeat in his paper, nota-
bly the assertion that certain Egel- or .^Egel names are ' intermediate
forms" or "later variants" of .iEthel- names: the two elements are
quite distinct, although there may have been one or two late instan-
ces of confusion between them. Other points of difference may be
noted by anyone who cares to compare the treatment of certain of
the names discussed with the etymologies given in my Dictionary.

Kemble's 'Names, Surnames, and Nic-Names of the Anglo-Saxons'
(1846) was a noteworthy publication in its day. It^was published
while his famous 'Codex Diplomaticus ^vi Saxonici' (1839-48) was
in course of issue to the public. This latter work has never been
completely superseded, because Dr. Birch's 'Cartularium Saxonicum'
(1885-1893) stops short at A.D. 975; but with regard to the quality
of the two publications Dr. Birch's own statement as to the 'Codex
Diplomaticus,' that "the texts are in a large proportion of cases
edited incorrectly, and that, in some instances, to a serious extent,"
may safely be accepted.

The oft-put question. When did surnames come fully into vogue
in this country ? is a very difficult one to answer. The late Isaac
Taylor, author of several editions of the celebrated 'Words and
Places,' later wisely replaced by the much more trustworthy 'Names
and their Histories' (1896), contributed the following to 'Notes and
Queries' (2nd Feb. 1901) a year only before his death, so that the
note represented his mature opinion. "Surnames," he says, "grew
out of descriptive appellations, and the date at which they originated
varied according to the locality and the person's rank in life. In the
South we find them at the beginning of the twelfth century. In the
Northern counties they were not universal at the end of the four-
teenth ; and in remote parts of Wales, in the mining districts, and in

Lower's
Pioneer
Works

Camden's
Essay on
Surnames

the slums of Glasgow they are still unknown. They were first used
by the barons and franklins, then by the tradesmen and artisans, and
lastly by the labourers."

The Hundred- Rolls, A.D. 1274, abound in surnames; and the
editor of the Year-Books of Edward III. indicates in the volume for
the year 1345 what may be considered the general establishment of
surnames — at any rate in the South of England. William Camden,
appointed Clarenceux King-of-Arms in 1597,' had reached a some-
what similar conclusion in the chapter on Surnames in his 'Remaines
concerning Britaine': I quote from a reprint of the Somerset
Herald's edition of 1674 which was partly edited by M. A. Lower,
author of 'Patronymica Britannica' (1860) and 'Essays on English
Surnames' (4th ed., 1875), works which were long held in high
esteem but which must now be considered as largely obsolete.
"About the year of our Lord 1000 (that we may not minute out the
time)," says Camden, surnames began to be taken up in France.
.... But not in England till about the time of the Conquest, or else
a very little before, under King Edward the Confessour, who was all
Frenchified. And to this time do the Scottish men also refer the an-
tiquity of their surnames, although Buchanan supposed that they were
not in use in Scotland many years after. Yet in England, certain it
is, that as the better sort, even from the Conquest, by little and little
took surnames, so they were not setled among the common people
fully, until about- the tinje of King Edward the Second; but still
varied according to the father's name, as Richardson, if his father
were Richard ; Hodgeson, if his father were Roger, or in some other
respect ; and from thenceforth began to be established (some say by

statute) in their posterity As for my self, I never hitherto found

any heredita.ry surname before the Conquest, neither any that I know ;
and yet both I my self and divers whom I know, have pored and
pusled upon many an old Record and evidence to satisfie our selves
herein ; and for my part I will acknowledge my self greatly indebted
to them that will clear this doubt."

In the 12th century, as we know from an oft-quoted anecdote,
it was considered, among the upper classes, literally injra digni-
tatem not to have a surname. "So it seemed a disgrace,'' wrote
Camden, "for a Gentleman to have but one single name, as the
meaner sort and bastards had. For the daughter and heir of
Fitz Hamon, a great Lord, (as Robert of Glocester, in the Library
of the industrious Antiquary Master John Stow writeth,) when
King Henry the First would have married her to his base son
Robert, she first refusing answered :

It were to me a great shame

To have a Lord withouten his twa name.

Whereupon the King his father gave him the name of Fitz Roy,
who after was Earl of Glocester, and the only Worthy of his Age
in England."

As to the approxirpate date of the introduction of surnames in
France we find, again, that Camden was not much out in his
estimation when comparison is made with the investigatiops 6f French
modern scholars. Monsieur H. de Gallier, in his essay on the Surnames,
origin of proper names in ' La Revue,' Paris, 1901, shows that

Robert
Fitzroy,
Earl of
Gloucester

the heredity of names was not evident in France before the 11th
century, and then was confined to the nobiHty. It is hardly neces-
sary for me to dwell on the enormous influence which the inflow of
Frenchmen into this country after the Conquest has had upon our
nomenclature ; even a cursory perusal of this Dictionary is sufficient
to show how large a proportion of our surnames had their origin on
the other side of the English Channel. One feature is, however,
worthy of special rema,rk : the form in our 1 3th- 1 4th century records
is very often the present-day French form, which shows what little
change a large number of surnames have undergone in France in
the course of centuries.

On the always interesting subject of British surnames derived
from French place-names perhaps I may be allowed to quote
here a note which I contributed to " Notes and Queries" in 1902
(22nd Feb.) after a tour in Normandy : — •

Surnames derived from French Towns (9th S-viii. 464 ;
ix. 16).— As your querist seems to be interested in these, when
next he is in Normandy he should take ^n opportunity of ex-
amining the list of " Compagnons de Guillaume a la conqu6te de
I'Angleterre' en mlxvi.," which he will find graven over the main
doorway (inside) of t'he old church at Dives. He can there feast
his eyes on famous Anglo-Norman names galore — Durand,
GifFard, Talbot, Malet, de Venables, Tirel, de Colleville, Archer,
Gibard, Gilbert, de Malleville, Basset, Lovvet, de Perci, de
Manneville, de Vernon, de Laci, de Maci, de Chandos, Corbet,
de Harcourt, de Mortemer, de Glanville, Maltravers, de Tilly,
Bertran, &c. — that is to say, unless he choose the more comfort-
able and fashionable occupation of lounging in the gateway of
the old " Hostellerie de Guillaume le Conquerant" in,the Rue
d'Hastings. The monument in the church was erected by the
Societ6 Fran9aise d'Archeologie in August, 1862, just about a
year after Arcisse de Caumont set up his celebrated " Colonne
Commemorative" on the hill overlooking the mouth of the Dives,
whence the Bastard started on his eventful voyage.
Wales is the country of the British Isles which is poorest in sur-
names. In the 16th Annual Report of the Registrar-General for Eng-
land and Wales (1853) it isstated that the surnames of the Principality,
if surnames they can be called, do not present the same variety
[as in England], most of them having been formed in a simple manner
from the Christian or forename of the father in the genitive case,
'son' being understood. Thus, Evan's son became Evans, John's
son Jones, &c. Others were derived from the father's name coalesced
with a form of the word ap, 'son,' by which Hugh ap Howell became
Powell, Evan ap Hugh became Pugh; and in like manner were
formed nearly all the Welsh surnames beginning with the letters B
Welsh and P. Hereditary surnames were not in use even among the gentry
Surnames of Wales until the time of Henry VIII., nor were they generally
established until a much later period ; indeed, at the present day they
can scarcely be said to be adopted among the lower classes in the
wilder districts, where, as the marriage registers show, the Christian
name of the father still frequently becomes the patronymic of the
son." Numerous stories are told of the fondness of the Welsh, up to
a comparatively recent period, for lengthy surnames formed on the

iv.

ap- or ah- (for Welsh mab, mutated fab. Old Welsh map, 'son')
method; and the ensuing dialogue, from an Elizabethan play, may be
taken as a type of these :—

Judge. What bail ? What sureties ? -

Davy. Her cozen ap Rice, ap Evan, ap Morice, ap Morgan, ap
Lluellyn, ap Madoc, ap Meredith, ap Griffin, ap Davis, ap Owen,
ap Shinkin [Jenkin] Jones.

Judge. Two of the most sufficient are enow.

Sheriff. An't please your Lordship, these are all BUT one!

Which is the commonest Welsh surname ? The well-informed
anonymous writer of an article on Welsh Surnames in " The Liver-
pool Post" of 9th August, 1913, says that if the matter were gone
into carefully it would probably be found that the most common
Welsh surname was not Jones but Williams, and this would be found
to be-particularly the case in North Wales. " In many a district
Williamses, often not at all related to one another, are ridiculously
numerous, and various expedients have to be adopted whereby to
distinguish one family from another. Often, as in Scotland, a man
gets to be known by the name of his house. He, a Williams, let us
say, is known as Gwr Vron Wen,' the 'goodman of the white slope;'
and the goodwife is known as Gwraig Vron Wen.' .... A recent
standard work on Wales suggests inviting the Joneses and the
Williamses to choose for themselves new names and getting them
duly registered^by a new registration-authority proposed to be specially
appointed for the purpose."

The same writer does not neglect to dwell upon the Flemish names
of South- West Wales. " In South Wales — scarcely at all in North
Wales — are to be found surnames ending in -kin, such as Jenkin,
Watkin, Hopkin. These names are interesting, for, though now
borne by people thoroughly Welsh, the names are Flemish. In the
reigns of Henry I. and Henry II. large numbers of Flemings from
the Low Countries were settled in South Wales with the view, partly,
of helping the Norman Lords- Marchers in the gradual conquest of
that part of the Principality. It was the Flemings who brought in
the names ending in -kin — the 'jenkin' or 'Little John,' the 'Watkin'
or 'Little Walter,' the 'Hopkin' or 'Little Robert.' But no Flemings
invaded North Wales, and so North Wales has no -kin."

The editor of the 'Registra Antigua de Llantilio Crossenny et
Penrhos iti Comitatu Monumethensi, 1577-1644.' (1917) says that
at the period in question the use of surnames was just beginning to
become general in Wales. ~ The entries in these Monmouthshire
registers include cognomens like Gweydd, Meddyg, Saer and Rhodwr,
that is, Weaver, Doctor, Carpenter and Wheelwright respectively.
'The Registers of Conway, 1541-1793' (1900) record some patronymics
that never came into general vogue, such as Bedward (ab Edward),
'Borworth (ab lorwerth) and Bymphrey (ab Humphrey) ; Boumphrey
being the present-day usual form.

A useful list of Welsh and Welshified personal names (enwau
personau), with their English equivalents, is given in the Anwyl-
Spurrell Welsh Diet., ed. 1915.

Cornish surnames form an interesting class ; but they have hitherto
been inadequately dealt with. Bannister's well-known Glossary of
Cornish Names' (1871) is rightfully described by Jenner, in a very

The

Commonest
Welsh
Surname

The

Flemish
Names of
S.W.
Wales

Names in

Welsh

Registers

Cornish
Surnames

Scottish
Surnames

Scottish
Estate-
Names as
Personal
Names

Registrar-
General on
the Origin
of Scottish
Surnames

useful and interesting chapter on the subject in his Handbook ^f the
Cornish Language' (1904), as being of "so eminently uncritical a
character as to be of little use." Nevertheless Bannister deserves
credit for his industry and enterprise.

The Registrar- General's Report already quoted says : — "From the
circumstances of their common British origin it might be supposed
that the Welsh people and the inhabitants of Cornwall would exhibit
some analogous principles in the construction of their surnames ;
such, however, is not the case. The Cornish surnames are mostly
local, derived from words of British root ; and they are often strik-
ingly peculiar. A large number have the prefix Tre, a town ; the
words Pol, a pool. Pen, a head, Ros, a heath, and Lan, a church, are
also of frequent occurrence in surnames." Jenner, referring to such
famous Cornish names as Trelawny, Rosevear, Carlyon, and Penrose,
truthfully remarks that "to the ordinary Saxon they sound highly
aristocratic, and are introduced into modern 'up-country' novels in a
way that is often amusing to a Cornishman."

Much of a sound character has been written about Scottish names
by writers north of the Tweed, but also much that is unsound ; and
there are a few terrible gentlemen who find Gaelic origins for every-
thing — even the commonest and best-known purely English names.
One of the best books on the subject (at any rate as to Celtic names)
is the 'Personal Names and Surnames of the Town of Inverness'
(1895), by the late Alexander Macbain, author of an 'Etymological
Gaelic Dictionary' (1911). He points out, in regard to the Celtic
names recorded in the I4th-15th centuries, that most of the patrony-
mics given are not real surnames. 'Henry Fynlasone, bailie of
Inverness (1475-8), is not really a Clan Finlayson man, for he is
otherwise called Henry Fynlaw (Gaelic Eanraig Fhionnlaigh, Henry
Finlay's, i.e., Henry of Finlay). This is still a common way in
Gaelic for patronymic definition ; for instance, John, son of Thomas,
may be either Iain Thomais (John Tom's) or Iain Mac-Thomais."

Macbain enlarges upon the common custom in Scotland of calling
a farmer or laird by the name of his farm or estate. "Thus, we speak
of Netherton, Ballintomb, &c., when we mean the tenant or pro-
prietor. The abuse of this style of speech and writing was carried
so far that farmers often signed their letters and documents by their
farm-names — a privilege which noblemen and clerics in high place
alone possess. An Act was passed in the 17th century forbidding the
practice. Illegal as it is, we still speak of Cluny and Lochiel, and,
as they are associated with the heroic period of our Highland history,
these names are, practically, part of ourselves, and must abide with
us."

In the 6th Report of the Registrar- General for Scotland we find
the following remarks on the origin of Scottish surnames : — "Almost
all the names of our Border and Highland Clans belong to the class
of surnames derived from patronymics, and they are peculiarly
Scottish", neither belonging to England nor to Ireland. These sur-
names include all those beginning with Mac, as Macgregor,
Mactaggart, etc., besides the simple ones, as Fraser, Cameron,

Grant, &c The surnames derived from rank and occupation

are very numerous, but are equally common to England as to Scot-
land Surnames taken from the locality in which the persons

vi.

originally resided form a very numerous class, and they also are, to
a great extent, peculiar to Scotland, seeing that there is scarcely a
county, parish, town, river, or remarkable locality but has its name

perpetuated in the surnames The sobriquets perpetuated as

surnames are, perhaps, the most varied of all, and embrace every
personal or mental quality supposed to reside in the different individ-
uals to whom they were originally given."

Mr. G. M. Fraser, the Aberdeen public librarian, in 'The Aber-
donians and other Lowland Scots' (1914) says that in Aberdeen (as
in other Lowland Scottish towns) the use of surnames began in the
12th century. "Prior to that time persons of English blood were
distinguished in various ways — John the Smith, Richard the Mason,
Adam son of John, David son of Alice, and so on. Or they would
be distinguished by the place of origin — John de Kintor, Adam de
Fyfe, William de Mearns, and so forth."

In 1899 statistics were published of the comparative prevalence of
the principal Scottish surnames. The leading position held by the
name Smith is noteworthy. It should, however, be remembered that
very frequently in Scotland Smith is a translation of the synonymous
Gaelic Gow, Gowan, and Caird: — In Glasgow every 130th person
is a Campbell, every 129th a Wilson, every 128th a Robertson ; 1 in
every 125 is a Miller, 1 in 124 a Thomson; 1 in 121 answers to
Brown, while Smith easily takes premier place with 1 in every 88.
Smith is likewise first, and still more popular, in Edinburgh, the pro-
portion being almost 1 in 50 ; Brown numbers 1 in 59, and Robertson
1 in 62. Then a long way off comes Stewart, 1 in 98, with Ross,
Campbell, and Clark practically equal at a score of points more. In
Dundee, where every 72nd man is of the great family of Smith, that
name just beats Robertson, closely attended in turn by Thomson,
Scott, and Stewart. Brown is quite overshadowed by even such
names as Nicoll, Fleming and Low. Smith and Miln run neck and
neck in Aberdeen, with Davidson close up, the figures respectively
being 1 in 47, 48, and 51. In Perth, Stewart just beats Young for
first place. Smith being third a long way behind. Inverness still
more revolutionises Lowland statistics. Every 33rd person there is
a Fraser, every 43rd a Macdonald, every 48th & Mackenzie. Smith
is quite uncommon at 1 in 270. In Ayr, again. Smith has most re-
sponders, with 1 in 80. Smith and Maxwell are inseparable in Dum-
fries, Wilson being a good third."

The great prevalence of certain leading surnames in various towns
and villages in Scotland has led to the introduction of an organized
system of distinctive nicknames, this especially being necessary
where many persons bearing the same surname also indulge in the
same Christian name. In 'Notes and Queries,' 22nd May, 1915, Sir
Herbert Maxwell draws attention to an article in 'Blackwood's
Magazine,' March, 1842, on the subject of these 'tee-names,' as they
are sometimes called, "it seems that there were then in the little
seaport of Buckie no fewer than twenty-five males rejoicing in the
name of George Cowie, distinguished from each other as Carrot,
Doodle, Neep, Biglugs, Beauty, Bam, Helldom', CoUop, Stoattie,
Snuffers, Rochie, Toothie, Todlowrie, &c. The writer of the article'
vouches for the following story being authentic: —

■ vii.

Period of
Origin of
Scottish
Surnames

Compara-
tive Pr;eva-
lence of
leading
Scottish
Surnames

Necessity
for

Distinctive
Nicknames
in Scotland

A stranger had occasion to call on a fisherman of the name of
Alexander White, but he was ignorant both of his house and his tee-
name Meeting a girl, he asked : —

'Could ye tell me fa'r Sanny Fite lives?'
'Filk [which] Sanny Fite?'
'Muckle Sanny Fite.'
Filk muckle Sanny Fite?'
'Muckle lang Sanny Fite.'
'Filk muckle lang Sanny Fite?'
'Muckle lang gleyed [squinting] Sanny Fite.'
'O, it's Goup-the-lift [stare-at-the-sky] ye're seeking,' cried the
girl; 'and fat the deevil for dinna ye speer [inquire] for the man by
his richt name at ance!'"

The writer of an article on Distinction-Names' in Chambers's
Journal,' 11th Sept. 1897, discusses the surname-troubles of a certain
small Scotch fishing-town, where the so-called streets have (or had)
no names, the houses no numbers, and the cognomina are dis-
tinguished by their sameness. Here a skipper may be known by
the name of his boat, but more frequently by his wife's maiden-name.
Surname which is the one used for postal purposes ; and this latter usage seems
Troubles of to be very general. " But this would not. always be sufficient. It
a Scotch frequently happens that the distinction is already in use. For ex-
Fishing ample, when James Foster married Katie Logie, there wa'S already
Town a James Foster (Logie) in the village, and he was forced to find
another distinction. He accordingly called himself James Foster
(Katie). That is, if the surname is in use, the husband assumes the
Christian name of his wife. Thus we have John Thomson (Helen)
and John Thomson (Isabel). It not unfrequently happens that both
the surname and Christian name of his wife are in use ; then the
newly-married man must find another suitable distinction. Two
plans are open. He may fake both the names or retain his mother's.
The former plan is clumsy, and leads to confusion. Still, either
through fondness of their wives or from necessity, some adopt it, and
several names run in this form, Andrew Walker (Euphemia Deas)."
A list of Gaelic and Gaelicized personal names, with their English
equivalents, is given in M 'Alpine's Gaelic Dictionary, ed. 1898.

The surname-confusion referred to above is by no means confined
to Scottish fishing towns and villages. The Southport Guardian,'
3rd December, 1913, contained a report of a supper to fishermen
Surname and boatmen from the district of Marshside, in the borough of South-
Confusion port. Here a few surnames (such as Wright, Ball, Sutton, and
not peculiar Rimmer) have to suffice for almost the whole population. At the
to Scotland: supper in question no fewer than thirty-one men of the name Wright
A Lanca- were present. Of these twelve bore the Christian name John ;
shire in- five, William ; four, Thomas ; four, Robert ; two, Henry ; and two,
stance Richard; and, in consequence, the above-named Wrights and others
are distinguished in the newspaper-report by the following nick-
names in brackets after the name proper : — Toffy, Clogger, Wheel,
Stem, Pluck, Diamond, Shrimp, Hutch, Cock, Sweet, Pantry, Few,
Pen, Fash, Mike, Willox, Strodger, Daddy, Smiler, Nice, Jenny's,
Manty, Fullsea, Music, Owd Ned, Margery, Buskin, Orchard, Sifi,
and Muff.

The Irish name-system is elaborate and somewhat comphcated; but
it is extremely interesting. And Ireland is very fortunate in having
a Registrar- General (Sir Robert E. Matheson) who has taken the
deepest interest in its surnames and their origins, as is evidenced by
his valuable publications (mentioned hereafter) on the subject, which
have received encomiums from the highest quarters. But this Irish
name-system has hitherto had only sporadic etymological treatment;
and there is, for example, no work on the surnames of Ireland com-
parable with the late Dr. Joyce's well-known two volumes of Irish
Names of Places' (7th ed., 1898). This publication, however, con-
tains two excellent, chapters on, respectively, Irish personal and
family-names, and Irish nicknames. An exceedingly useful little
work on Irish names and surnames is Mr. de Wulf's Sloinnte
Gaedheal is Gall' (1906). It contains, besides a long and valuable
historical introduction, separate alphabetical lists of Christian names
and surnames with their Irish forms (in Irish characters). Donovan's
papers on Irish family-names, printed in the 'Irish Penny Journal,'
184-0-1, were formerly much quoted; and there are numerous eluci-
datory notes on personal names in the 'Annals of the Four Masters,' a
work of extraordinary value, the full name-indexes to which have been
of the greatest help to me.

The early Irish, like the Anglo-Saxons, had usually only one name ;
but sometimes, also as in the case of the Anglo-Saxons, a surname
was added for the sake of distinction. The additional name was cus-
tomarily a nickname from some personal peculiarity, or a patronymic
formed by prefixing either mac, 'son', to the father's name, which was
then put in the genitive case, or d, or ua, 'grandson', to the. grand-
father's name, which was then similarly inflected. Some of these
early personal names, like Aodh, Brian, Cian, Conchobhar, Domhnall,
Donnchadh, Eochaidh, and Eoghan (in the Irish-character forms
the h is represented by a dot over the preceding letter), have been in
uninterrupted use from the earliest period of which there is any
record down to the present day; and the majority, although long ob-
solete as Christian names, are still preserved as surnames. ''Proba-
bly," says de Wulf, "all the names in use in Ireland before the fifth
century were of native origin ; but from that period onwards foreign
names have been borrowed from time to time from the various nations
with which Ireland was brought into contact, directly or indirectly,
in the course of her history. A number of names of Latin, Greek,
and Hebrew origin came in with Christianity. They were almost ex-
clusively Biblical names and the names of the first Christian mission-
aries ; but, strange to say, they were not adopted, to any considerable
extent, as Christian names by our Gaelic ancestors. Even the name
of the National Apostle, which is now so common, did not come into
general use until a comparatively late period, and its adoption even
then was due to Danish and English influence. The first Irishman
of whom we have record as bearing the-name was Patrick O'Murray,
Abbot of SS. Peter and Paul's Church at Armagh, who is mentioned
in the Annals at the year 1255. Forms derived from these names
by prefixing Maol [Shaven One, i.e. Monk] and Giolla [Servant] were,
however, common in Ireland from early Christian times."

Irish surnames proper came into use gradually from about the
middle of the tenth century, and were formed, as shown above, by

ix.

Irish
Surnames

Early Irish
Narres

Name
Patrick

Period and
Method of
Introduc-
tion of
Irish
Surnames
Proper

Angliciza-

tion of

Irish

Names

Nicknames

Common

in Ireland

Some

Ulster

Sobriquets

The
Common-
est Irish
Surnames

prefixing O', or Ua-, to the grandfather's name, or Mac- to the
father's, which names may have been occupative, as well as purely
personal. That the mediaeval Irish were well acquainted with the
meaning of their names is sufficiently proved by the frequency with
which they interchanged them with others of similar signification.
Many Irish families have two surnames derived from different ances-
tors ; and some have two surnames, one of which begins with O',
the other with Mac-. Mac- surnames are, on the whole, of somewhat
later formation than O' surnames.

Most Irish names and surnames were Anglicized during the second
half of the 16th century. This Anglicization seems to have been the
work of Anglo- Irish Government officials who possessed, in some
cases, a knowledge of Irish. 'The Anglicized form was in most in-
stances originally much nearer the Irish f)ronunciation than at present,
owing partly to a change in the sound of the English letters, and
partly to the corruption of the Irish forms. Thus O'Brien and O'Neill
were originally pronounced O'Breen and O'Nail."

Nicknames are very common in Ireland. "Arriong the rural popu-
lation in many parts of the country," says Joyce, "almost every third
man is known by some name besides his ordinary surname and Christ-
ian name. Sometimes these epithets are hereditary, and commemorate
some family peculiarity or tradition ; but more often they describe a
personal characteristic of the individual. Sometimes they carry re-
proach, and are not used except to insult ; but very often they are quite
inoffensive, and are accepted as a matter of course and with perfect
good humour. I knew a village where more than half the people were
familiarly known by nicknames, which were always used, the proper
names being hardly ever mentioned."

Some examples of these sobriquets were given in a paper on the
Ulster Dialect (chiefly Donegal) which was read in 1899 before the
Philological Society (London) by Mr. H. C. Hart. "Nicknames are
frequent. 'Sally Look-up' had a squint. 'Paddy Polite' polished
manners. 'Susey Fluke' was a fisherwoman. James CuUiagh was
the son of a famous culliagh, or cockfighter. Gallagher is so common
a name in Fanet that substitutes have to be found for it. One
Gallagher is called 'Bowers' for the sole reason that he used to have
a friend of that name with him ; this has descended to his son. Other
Gallaghers, who live on a low-lying farm, are known as the 'Lowlys.'
In Inishtrahull the name Gallagher is almost universal ; so they adopt
three generations of Christian names, Con-Dan-Owen,' i.e.. Con, son
of Dan, son of Owen."

In his 'Special Report on Surnames in Ireland,' issued as a Blue
Book in 1894 (when he was Assistant Registrar-General), and as a Sta-
tionery Office publication in 1909, the present Registrar-General,
Sir Robert Matheson, prints a table of 100 of the chief surnames
(including variants) in Ireland, together with the estimated population
(1890 figures) bearing each surname. The first 20, in numerical
order, are: Murphy, Kelly, Sullivan, Walsh, Smith, O'Brien, Byrne,
Ryan, Connor, O'Neill, Reilly, Doyle, McCarthy, Gallagher, Doherty,
Kennedy, Lynch, Murray, Quinn, Moore. This list shows the ex-
tent to which the prefixes Mac- and O' have been lost. As de Wulf
says, "most surnames have been mutilated by dropping Mac- or O',
and Mac- when retained is usually, but incorrectly, written Mc- or M',"

X,

Only one of the 20 Irish names given above figures in the first
20 English and Welsh commonest surnames, according to the Report
for 1853 of the Registrar-General for England and Wales: that one
is the ubiquitous Smith, which is first in England (as in Scotland),
the remaining 19, in numerical order, being: Jones, Williams, Taylor,
Davies, Brown, Thomas, Evans, Roberts, Johnson, Wilson, Robinson,
Wright, Wood, Thompson, Hall, Green, Walker, Hughes, Edwards.

As the Irish Registrar-General points out, it is impossible now, in
some cases, to trace whether families are of Celtic or- English descent
as some of the English settlers took Irish names and Irish families
were compelled to adopt English surnames ; and he quotes a Statute
of 1366, which provided, inter alia, that Englishmen were to use
the English language and English names, discarding Irish nomen-
clature entirely, "in 1465 (5 Ed. IV., cap. 3), a law was passed
enacting 'that every Irishman that dwells betwixt or amongst English-
men in the County of Dublin, Myeth, Vriell, and Kildare .... shall
take to him an English Surname of one town, as Sutton, Chester,
Trym, Slcryne, Corke, Kinsale ; or colour, as white, blacke, browne ;
or arte or science, as smith or carpenter; or office, as cooke, butler . . .' "
But, notwithstanding this enactment, surnames derived from native
place-names are exceedingly rare in Ireland, as they are in Wales.

A writer on the subject of Irish nomenclature in 'The Athenaeum,'
17th May, 1902, says: "in Irish history both processes are found —
English settlers adopted Irish names and customs for safety where
they were in a small minority ; Irish people adopted English trans-
lations of their names by way of aspiration to polite manners and
more aristrocratic society."

In his 'Varieties and Synonyiiies of Surnames and Christian Names
in Ireland' (1901), Sir Robert Matheson dwells upon the difficulties
encountered by persons searching the Indexes at the General Regis-
ter Office, Dublin, owing to the great variations in names in Ireland.
"These variations are not only in spelling and form, but entirely
different names are used synonymously by the same person or by
members of the same family. Many of these cases are direct trans-
lations of Irish names into English, or vice versa, while in others
they are equivalents, modifications, or corruptions of them. In a
country where two diflTerent languages are spoken it might be ex-
pected some such cases would occur, but in Ireland the practice is
mufch more widespread that is commonly supposed. In addition to
the changes attributable to the difference of language, time has a
powerful effect in altering names, which have also a tendency to
assume various forms in different districts. Illiteracy also operates
in corrupting names, while they are also frequently varied in spelling
and form at pleasure."

Manx names are a small but interesting class; and they are ade-
quately dealt with in the late A. W. Moore's 'Surnames and
Place-Names of the Isle of Man' (2nd ed. 1903). The Island has
a threefold nomenclature, in consonance with its history: (1) Celtic
(Gaelic), (2) Scandinavian, (3) EngHsh. In a paper on Manx Gaelic
read before the Philological Society (London) in 1902, Mr. R. W.
Heaton lamented the rapid decay of the language, as shown by the
fact that whereas in 1821, out of a population of 40,000, at least half
were able to spea.k their mother-tongue, at the language-census of

Compared
with the
Common-
est English
and Welsh
Surnames

Doubt as
to Irish or
English
Descent

14th-15th

century

Statutes

Varieties
of Irish
Names

Manx
Names

1901 less than a tenth of the natives returned themselves as bi-
linguists, in spite of a vigorous movement for a revival of Manx
Gaelic as a spoken language.

A leading feature of the Gaelic nomenclature of the Isle of Man is

the number of names beginning with C, K, or Q — a relic of the 'son'

C-, K-, and prefix Mac-. The Registrar-General for Ireland, in the 'Special Re-

Q- names port' already referred to, says that on visiting the Island he was

in Man ' much struck by the peculiar forms many names had assumed there,

differing from those found in Ireland, though evidently derived from

the same source. Thus, the name 'Clucas' is the Manx form of Lucas,

both names being derived from the Celtic MacLucais — Son of Luke.

Cannell,' a name peculiar to the Isle of Man, is from the Celtic

MacConaill — Son of Conall. The Irish modern form is M'Connell.

Kermode,' another Manx name, is contracted from the Celtic name

MacDiarmaid, Son of Diarmaid — Irish modern form M'Dermott.

'Mylchreest' 'is from the Celtic Mac Giolla Chriosd — Son of the

Servant of Christ. The modern Irish form is Gilchrist." Quilliam,

again, is for MacWilliam.

Foreign
Patrony-
mic End

A necessarily sketchy survey of the surnames of these Islands be-
ing, thus concluded, it may be well to glance briefly at one or two
leading features of the name-systems of other countries, beginning
with what is perhaps the leading characteristic, the patronymic
suffixes. The common Danish cognate, -sen (for son or seen), of our
-son termination is not confined to Denmark; it occurs in parts
of- North Germany (for Low Ger. son) and Holland (for zoon,
usually, however, suffixed as -zon). One famous Danish -sen name,
Thorwaldsen, recalls the part which the great sculptor plays, as a
ings poor little scullion, in Hans Andersen's 'Children's Prattle.' The
chamberlain's proud little daughter, it will be remembered, haughtily
proclaimed at the party (according to one of the standard English
translations) that 'those whose names end in 'sen' are not worth
knowing; they are of no account at all: one must put one's arms
akimbo and make these sens' keep their distance." And the boy
menial, peeping at the party from behind the door, is depressed : "his
father's name, and therefore his own name too, ended in 'sen'; so
that he was of no account; he could never come to any good."

The Danish Jansen (see the writer's 'Glossary of the Principal
Foreign Names found in British Directories' for this and other'
names) is in Holland proper Janzon or Jantzon. The family of the
German scholar Mommsen came from the former Danish province
of Schleswig. The Danish Nielsen has been wrongly equated by
some Continental writers with the Dutch Cornelissen. The (High)
German -sohn (as in Mendelssohn, Davidsohn, etc.) is, however, mod-
ern, and generally an affix to Jewish names. A curious exception to the
Teutonic -son patronymics occurs in Frisian, in which -ma, cognate
with Anglo-Saxon mdga, 'son,' is used.

There has been much discussion as to the origin of the Spanish
name-genitive in -ez (as in Mendez, Fernandez, etc.). Prince Lucien
Bonaparte decided that it was Basque ; a German writer on nomen-
clature affirmed that it represented the Latin -ictus ; Diez maintained
that it was Gothic. I do not think there is any doubt that it is the
Old Teutonic genitive suffix -es (Gothic„-is).

Other interesting Continental equivalents include the Roumanian
-escu,-esco ; the Hungarian -fi, -f)fy {fiii, 'boy,' 'son') ; the Slavonic
-vich, -evich, -ich {-vitch, -evitch, -itch), -eff, -ev ; the Armenian -tan ;
the Gr. -ides (-iSrjs) and the later ■{o)poulo(s (Mod. Gr. »oO\os=Anc.
Gr. ttCXos, 'young man,' 'son'); etc. The Polish termination -ski, it
may parenthetically be mentioned, is an adjectival suffix to surnames
derived from place-names : thus Poznanski=German Posener.

The mention above of German-Jewish names reminds us of the
extraordinary nomenclature which was compulsorily inflicted on the
Semites in Austria and Germany (also to some extent in France) in
the later years of the 18th and the early years of the 19th century.
This bizarre nomenclature is a never-failing source of astonishment
and amusement to those Britons who have learned German and
attempt to translate the names. It is true that the persistence with
which the Jews stuck to their single Hebrew names had, with the
increase of population, become a nuisance to the States mentioned ; but
the casual inethod adopted in surnaming the Jewish population — viz.,
in Austria (1787) by means of small committees presided over by a
stallmeister (riding-master), which worked in a great hurry in order to
get the troublesome business over, has always been a sore point with a
large number of the jiominees, particularly those who were sent away
from the committees with comical, and in some cases outrageous, sur-
names. Thus Kleinpaul in his 'Deutsche Personennamen' (1909) tells
(p. 11 8^ a story of two Jews coming out of the Police-Office and discuss-
ing the respective family-names which had just been given to them :
One of them had wisely released a little cash privately over the
transaction, and had received a correspondingly respectable name —
Weisheit (Wisdom). The other had to be more or less content with
Schweisshund (Bloodhound). "Why Schweisshund? " said the first ;
"hast thou not paid enough?" "Gott und die Welt!" returned the
second Israelite, "I gave half my fortune to have the one letter w put
in" — which -meant, euphoniously speaking, that an attempt had been
made, in the first place, to impose on the unfortunate individual a
German equivalent of 'Dirty-dog.' Other quaint German-Jewish
names dating from this period of compulsion are Eselshaupt (Ass's-
head), Rindskopf (Ox-head), Kohlkopf (Cabbage-head, i.e.. Block-
head), Kanarienvogel (Canary-bird), Zentnerschwer (Hundred-
weight-heavy), Himmelblau (Sky-blue), Susskind (Sweet - child :
needless to say ironical), Kirschrot (Cherry-red), Temperaturwechsel
(Change-of-temperature), Kanalgeruch (Canal - smell), Kiissemich
(Kiss -me), Muttermilch (Mother's-milk), Mandelbliith (Almond-
blossom) ; while, in some cases, nonsensical names were bestowed
through misunderstandings, as, for example, when a Jew named
Ephraim went to the Police-Office at Frankfort-on-Main : "Wie
heissen Sie?'' (What's your name?) demanded the official (meaning
his existing Jewish name). "I weiss net, rothen Sie's" (I don't
know ; help me out with it) unluckily replied the son of Shem in his
Jewish-German dialect, which, in the hurify, was not properly grasped
by the committee. "Very well, you are named Ephraim Rothensies' '
was the verdict. Of course many of the Jews received unobjection-
able names like Hirsch (Hart), Lowe (Lion), Wolf, Silber (Silver),
Rubinstein (Ruby-stone), Bernstein (Amber), Goldstern (Gold-star),
etc. : it was only when the changes had been rung indefinitely on

Compul-
sory

German -
Jewish
Surnames

Comical,
occasion-
ally Out-
rageous,
Names y
Given

The
Roman

Name-
System

Latinized

English

Surnames

Indian
Nomen-
clature

these and similar names that the officials were more or less driven to
bestowing fanciful and ridiculous family- names; although, in extreme
cases, there is little doubt that personal prejudice played a great part
in the decisions of the committees.

Of all the ancients the Romans had by far the most elaborately de-
veloped name-system. Theupperclassesusuallyhad three names: first,
the praenomen, corresponding to our Christian name ; second, the
nomen proper, sometimes called the nomen gentilicium, i.e., the family-
name : third, the cognomen, or agnomen, i.e., the surname ; although
where there were four names the last was the agnomen. Thus in
the name Caius Julius Caesar, Caius was the praenomen, Julius the
nomen proper, or gentile or family name, Caesar the cognomen. In
the case of Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus, the last name was
the agnomen ; but cognomen was sometimes used for agnomen, as
in "Scipio, cognomine Africanus." The Romans freely used what
we call nicknames (properly ekenames). Thus Quintus Fabius
Maximus had no fewer than three at different periods of his life : .
firstly, Verrucosus (Lat. verruca, a wart), from a wart on his lip ;
secondly, Agnicula (Lat. agnus, a lamb), from his gentleness; thirdly,
Cunctator (Delayer), from his guerilla tactics against Hannibal. But
the Latins had no single word for our nickname as expressing con-
tempt : their equivalent for this was nomen contumeliosum or
ignominiosum ; therefore the historians commonly say that Fabius
was "surnamed" (cognominatus) Verrucosus, or Cunctator. Cog-
nomentum was sometimes used for cognomen.

As we all know, English names were often Latinized in our mediaeval
records. Lists of these have been collected and printed at various
times — e.g. in Nicolas's 'Notitia Historica' (1824), in Lower's
'Essays on English Surnames' (4th ed. 1875), and in the various
editions of Wright's 'Court-Hand Restored.' Many Latinizations
will be found in my Dictionary under the corresponding surnames.
Occasionally these Latinizations are useful from an etymological
point of view ; at other times they are misleading.

To go further afield something should be said about the personal
nomenclature of our great Indian Dependency. From time to time
experts in this subject have made interesting contributions to that
very useful repository, 'Notes and Queries,' from which I beg leave
to quote, "it may be taken as a general rule", says one of several
correspondents writing in the issue of 27th March, 1909, "that among
themselves no genuine native of India, whether Mohammedan, Hindu,
Sikh, or Christian, has a surname in the European sense. When any
such native travels to Europe, Europe insists, for its own conveni-
ence, that he should have a surname like other people. The Indian
native cannot but submit, as he submits to other strange customs of
dress, food, &c. ; but he submits with amusement. The Brahmin
Ramaswami Iyengar and the Sudra Ranga Pillai become to the
British tradesmen and others R. Iyengar, Esq., and R. Pillai, Esq.,
the British not knowing that Iyengar and Pillai are mere caste and

social honorifics Names of genuine Indians are purely personal.

Only official designations are hereditary." But, writes another cor-
respondent, "the Parsees have heritable surnames exactly as we have :
Mundvawala, Kolhapurewala, Petit, Bharucha, Billimoria, Ready-
money, &c."

xiv.

"The Muslimin", said the late W. F. Prideaux, "have no patron-
ymics [this applies also to the Muslim Turks], but are occasionally
designated after the names of their birthplace or tribe, e.g., Saiyid
Husain Bilgrami, a member of the Indian Council, called after the
town of Belgaum, or Ahmed Durrani, after the Afghan tribe. Mah-
rattas, in addition to surnames in -kar, have often hereditary names
derived from occupations, as Gaekwar, a cow-tender."

The late Jas. Piatt, Jr., had an interesting note in the issue of
'N. and Q.' of 15th June, 1907, on the word 'Ramsammy.' "it is
curious,' ' he remarks, "that this word should have acquired the sense
of a drunken spree. It is very well known as a slang-term applied by
Europeans to Hindus, much as we call a Scotchman Sandy or Saw-
ney. It is derived from the common Hindu personal name Ram-
sammy, more correctly Ramaswamy, 'devotee of the god Rama.'
There are other names of the same termination, such as Krishna-
swamy, 'devotee of the god Krishna.' Indian Mohammedans do not
use these names, but have a similar class formed with the prefix
'Ghulam.' Among my correspondents I count a Ghulam Rasull
('servant of the Prophet' ) and a Ghulam Mohi-ud-din ('servant of the
saint Mohi-ud-din')."

It is not a far cry from India to China. The following information as
to Chinese names is extracted from "Chinese Characteristics" (1897,
p. 56), by Arthur H. Smith : — " It certainly appears singular that
an eminently practical people like the Chinese should be so inexact
in regard to their own personal names as observation indicates them
to be. It is very common to find these names written now with one
character and again with another, and either, we are informed, will
answer. But this is not so confusing as the fact that the same man
often has several different names, his family-name, his 'style,' and,
strange to say, a wholly different one, used only on registering for
admission to literary examinations. It is for this reason not un-
common for a foreigner to mistake one Chinese for two or three.
The names of Villages are not less uncertain, sometimes appearing
in two or even three entirely different forms, and none of them is
admitted to be more 'right' than another. If one should be an
acknowledged corruption of- another, they may be employed inter-
changeably ; or the correct name may be used^in official papers and
the other in ordinary speech ; or yet again, the corruption may be
used as an adjective, forming with the original appellation a compound
title."

Two examples of curious nomenclatural customs among savages
may serve to close this essay. In Madagascar, according to 'The
Church Abroad,' Jan. 1915, a Malagasy child "is not called after his
father but the father calls himself after his child, changing his name ;
for instance, a man who has a son called Rakato will take the name
Rainikoto, 'the father of Rakato' — the father was known formerly
as Rabe." The Murray Islanders, it appears from the 'Reports of
the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres Straits' (vol.
vi. 1908), have a "multiplicity of names belonging to each individual,
one of these names being particularly private, special to the man
himself, and mentioned with great reluctance."

Hy. Harrison.

Chinese
Names

Curious
Nomencla-
tural
Customs
among
Savages

^v.

THE INDEXING OF SURNAMES

The Committee on the Indexing of Archceological Transactions
appointed by the Congress of Archceological Societies published in
1899 the following recommendations: —

That surnames with the Norman prefix 'de,' e.g., 'd'Amori,' 'da
Bohun,' 'd'Eyncourt,' 'de Lisle,' 'de la Tour' (which have often
become anglicized by coalescing, as 'Deincourt,' 'Darell,' 'Dela-
motte,' &c.), be indexed under D, with cross-references to the eventual
surname, under which the references will be given, as 'de Braose, see
Braose;' 'de Vere, see Vere.'

That surnames with the [English] prefix 'atte,' e.g., 'atte Field,'
'atte Tree,' 'atte Teye,' &c;, be indexed under those forms, but that
a cross-reference be appended in each case to the form without the
prefix, as 'atte Green, see also Green,' and Green, see also atte
Green.' This rule will apply also in case of such prefixes as 'o' the,'
'in the,' &c.

That surnames with the [Norman] prefix 'Fitz,' e.g., 'Fitz Hugh,'
'Fitzalan,' and [Latin] 'Fil. Johannis,' be indexed only under 'Fitz,'
except that such a case as 'John Fitz Richard of Loughton' be in-
dexed under 'Fitz Richard' and 'Loughton.' It should be clearly
understood that this is only a convention for index purposes, and does
not determine the actual form of the surname. Names prefixed by
[Welsh] 'Ap,' [Gaelic and Irish] 'Mac,' [Irish] 'O',' [Dutch] 'Van,' or
[German] 'Von' should be indexed under those prefixes.

That surnames like 'Le Strange,' 'I'Estrange,' 'le Tyler,' Ac, be
indexed under L, with cross-references to the true surname, under
which the references will be given, as 'le Tyler, see Tyler'.

That the names of sovereigns be indexed under the personal
name, with the numerical title when it occurs, followed by (emperor),
(king), &c., e.g. 'Henry VIII. (king),' 'Elizabeth (queen),' 'Maud
(empress).'

That names of bishops be indexed under their sees, abbots, &c.,
under their abbeys, princes and peers under their titles, and so forth,
with cross-references from their proper names; and saints xmder
their personal names, e.g., 'Agatha (Saint)' ; but surnames and place-
names derived from saints should be indexed under the full name, as
"St. Ives,' 'St. Pancras,'

A DICTIONARY OF SURNAMES
OF THE UNITED KINGDOM

M

MAAS, V. the Appendix of Foreign Names.

MAB(B (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a dim. olMaiel or Amabel,
„ Lat. Amabilis = Amiable, Lovable [Lat.

amabil-is]
(Celt.) occ. the Wei. mab = Son.

"I = Mabb I (q.v.) + the Fr.
\ dim. ^uff. -et, -ot.

r -x

\ for Mabley, q.v.

MABBETT
MABBITT
MABBOTT J

MABBS, Mabb's (Son) : v. Mabb-

MABERLEY
MABERLY

MABEY 1 = Mab (q.v.) + the E. dim. suff. -y,
MABIE \ -ie.

MABLEY, for the earlier il/a6i7!>, Mabely {La.t.
amabil-is, amiable, with E. dim. suff.-ji,-;*.]

MABON (A.-Fr.-Lat.)
Fr, dim. suff. -on.

(Celt.) Youth; Hero
Mabon ab Modron. — :

'Kulhwchac Olwen'

MABSON = Mab's Son : v. Mab

Mab(b I (q.v.) + the
[Wei. mabon]
: Mabinogion.

MAC- (Celt.) Son (of)

[Ir. and Gael.]

MAC ADAM (Celt, and Heb.) Son of Adam :
V. Adann.

MACAIRE (A.-Fr.-Gr.) Blessep, Prosperous

[Gr. Maxdpiotl
MACALASTER \

MACALESTER (Celt. + Gr.) Son of
MAC ALISTER ■ Alister or Alaster =
MAC ALLESTER Alexander, q.v. [Gael.
MAC ALLISTER I ,., Alasdair]

MAC ALAVEY 1 „ ., ,
MAC ALEAVEY r- '^^"'-^^^y

MAC ALL for MaoCall, q.v.

MAC ALLAN (Celt.) Son of Allan, q.v.

MACJALLEN (Celt.) Son of Allen, q.v.

MACALLUM (Celt,) for MaoCallum, q.v.

MAC ALPIN \ (Celt.) SoN of Alpin: v.Alpin
MAC ALPINE J

MACAN \r „ ^
MACANN/^""^ MaoCann, q.v.

MAC ANDREW (Celt.-Gr.) Son of Andrew
V. Andrew.

MAC ARD (Celt.) = Mao Art, q'.v.

MAC ARDLE (Celt.) Son of Ardghal =

Mighty or Noble Valour [Ir. and Gael.

ard, noble, etc. + the asp. form of gal,

valour, battle]

MAC ART (Celt.) Son of Art = Stone, or
Noble, Exalted. i

See Arthur 2-

MAC ARTHUR (Celt.) Son of Arthur : v.
Arthur 2-

MAC ATEER, a form of Mao Intyre, q.v.

MAC AULAY -. (Celt.+Scand.)'SGNOFOLAF=

MAC AULEY [Ancestral Relic [Gael. Mac

MAC AWLEY > Amhlaidh or Amhlaoibh — mac,

son ; O.N. Olaf — di, great grandfather

+ lei/, relic]

(Celt.) Son of Aulay or AOley [Gael.

and Ir. Mac Amhalghadha]

Mac Auliffe

Mac Connell

MAC AULIFFE (Celt-Scand.) v. Mac Au'lay. MAC CARTIN, v. Mao Garten.

MAC AVOY (Celt.) i Son of Aedh the Yel-
low-Haired [Ir. and Gael. Mac Aedha
Bhuidhe-.v. Mackay; buidke, yeWow]
2 Son of the Servant of theYellow-
H AIRED [Ir. and Gael. Mac Gille Bhttidhe]

MAC BAIN (Celt.) i Son of Bain, q.v.
2 for Mac Bean, q.v.

MAC BEAN (Celt.) Son of Beatha = Life

[Gael, mac, son + beathan (th mute), genit.

of beatha, life]

MAC BEATH 1 (Celt.) Son of Life [Gael, mac,
MAC BETH J son of ; beatha, life]

MAC BRIDE l(Celt.) Son of Brigit : v.
MAC BRYDE f Bridget.

MAC BRIEN (Celt.) Son of Br-ien, q.v.

MAC CABE ('Celt.-Lat.-Gr.-Syr.) Son of the
Abbot [Ir. and Gael. Mac Aba — mac, son
-I- aba{dh, geiiit. of ab, abbot]
Cp. Mc Nab.

MA8cAFFRf}(C«")S0NOFCafl'er.y,q.v.

MAC CAIG (Celt.) v. Mac Kaig. '

MAC CALL (Celt.) Son of Cathal = War,

Warrior [Gael. Mac Cathail — mac, son

-I- cathail, genit. of cathal, warrior :

cath, war]

MAC CALLAN for Mac Allan, q.v.

MAC CALLUiyi (Celt.) Son of Malcolm, q.v.

MAC CAN N (Celt.) i Son of Cana = the
Whelp - [Ir. Mac Cana]

2 Son' of CATHAN = WARRiOR[Ir. Mac

Cathain — cath (th = h), war, warrior -t-

the genit. of the dim., suff. -dn\

MAC CARDLE tor Mac Ardle, q.v.

MAC CARDY for Mac Hardy, q.v.

MAC CARRICK (Celt.) Son of Carrick or
Carrach = Rough-Faced [Ir. and Gael.

carrach]

MAC CARROLL (Celt.) Son of Carroll, q.v.

MAC CARTE for Mac Art, q.v.

MAC CARTEN for Mac Artan (Celt.) = Mao
Art (q.v.) -I- the dim. suff. -an.

MAC CARTHY (Celt.) Son of Carthach

[Ir^ Mac Carthaigh (genit. of Carthach) —

car, a friend, or carr, a cart, also a spear,

+ the s\i«. -t{h)achl

MACCARTNEY (Celt.) ? Son of Cart(h)- ;
annach = the Kind [Ir. carthannach,'
charitable, kind]

MAC CARTY = Mao Carthy, q.v.

MAC CASKIE (Celt.) Son of Gaisgeach
= the Hero or Champion [Gael. Mac

GhaisgicK\

MAC CAUL = Mac Call, q.v.

MAC CAULEY If , '

MAC CAWLEY J ^°^ ""^° AUiey, q.v.

MAC CAY (Celt.) = Mackay, q.v.

MAC CLANCY T (Celt.) Son of the Red-

MAC CLANCHY J Complexioned [Ir. Mae

Fhlannchaidh {fU mute)— flatin-ach, red

-t- the pers. suff.]

MAC CLAY (Celt.) Son of Lay, q.v. ; or =
Mac Leay, q.v.

MAC CLEAN for Mac Lean, q.v.

MAC CLEARY (Celt.) i Son OF the Clerk or
Clergyman [Gael. Mac CUreich]

2 Son of Leary, q.v.

MAC CLELLAN 1 (Celt.) for Mac Leilan, ,
MAC CLELLAND Jq.v.

MAC CLEMENT (Celt. + Lat.) Son of
Clement, q.v.

MAC CLEMENTS = Mac Clement (q.v.) -t-
the Eng. genit. -s suff.

MAC CLORY, app. for Mac Lowry, Son of
Lowry, q.v.

MAC CLOUD for Mac Leod, q.v.

MAC CLURE for Mac Lure, q.v.

MAC CLYMONT, for Mac Lamont, Son of
Lamont or Lamond : v. Lamond.

MAcgoLLJf-MaoCa„,q.v. ,

r§SS:;iLl(C^'-^5H«^e.equivof

MACCOMBIE

Tom's Son : v. Thomas

MACCONCHIE
MACCONECHY
MAC CONKEY
MAC CON(N)ACHIE
MAC CON(N)OCHIE }

(Celt.) Son of Don-
chadh or Duncan : v.
Duncan [Gael. Mac
Dhonnchaidh {dh mute]

MAC CONNAL 1 ic^u\ cir^vV.^,-

MAC CON N ELL } C-^"") ^°" °^ Connell, q.v

Mac Conway

Mac Fadyen

MAC CONWAY (Celt.) Son of Conway, q.v.

MAC CORMAC 1 (Celt.) Son ofCormac(k:
MAC CORMACK U. Cormac(k
MAC CORMICK J

MAC CORQUODALE(Celt.+Scand.) for Mac

Thorketill, goN OF Thorketill=Thor's

Kettle (Sacrificial Cauldron of Thor)

[Gael, mac, son ; O.N. Thdrr + Milf\

MAC COURT (Celt.) Son of Art: v. Arthur.

MAC COWAN for Mac Owan, q.v.

MAC COY 1 (Celt.) Son of the Yellow-

MAC COYD j Haired [Ir. and Gael. Mac

Bhuidhe — buidhe, yellow]

MAC CRACKEN (Celt.) app. for Mac Carra-

chan = Son of Carrachan. Carrachan

is a dim. of Carrach, 'rough- faced'

[M'Alpine (Gael. Diet.) deS^nes carrachan as

'a little, old-fashioned fellow']

MAC CRAE V. Mao Rae.

MAC CRAITH 1 for Mac Kaith (Celt.) Son
MAC CREATH } OF Rath = Grace or Luck
MAC CREITH )

MAC CREA (Celt, or Celt.-Teut.)SpN OF Rea,
q.v. Also for Mac Crae = MacRae,
q.v.

MAC CREADIE) (Celt. + Teut.) Son of
MAC CREADY J Reddie, adim.of Redmond,
q.v.

MAC CREARY^

MAC CREERY [for Mac Crory or Mao Rory,

MAC CRIRIE ^q.v.

MAC CREAVAY'i
MAC CREAVEY
MAC CREAVY
MAC CREEVEY

MAC CRORY for Mac Rory, q.v.

MAC CUBBIN (Celt.-|-Teut.)SoN ofCubbin,
a Manx mutation of Gibbon, q.v.

MAC CUE for Mac Hugh, q.v.

MAC CULLAGH ) (Celf.) Son of Culloch :
MAC CULLOCH f v. Culloch.

maccullough'

MacBaln (Names of Imlerness, p. 38)
._, says that ' Mac Culloch is possibly iWoc
Lulach — Little Calf.'

MAC CULLEN (Celt.) Son of Cullen, q.v.

MAC CULLUM for Mao Galium, q.v.

(Celt.) Son of Reavy, q.v.

MAC CURDY for Mac Hardy, q.v.

MAC CURRAN (Celt.) SoN OF Curran, q.v.

MAC CURRICK (Celt.) for Mac Carriok, q.v.

MAC CUTCHEON (Celt, or Celt.-Teut.) Son
OF Huch(e)on, a dim. form of Hugh, q.v.

MAC DAVID (Celt. -^ Heb.) Son of David :
v. David

!;;i^§s^^!^T}f-^-°-id,q.v.

MAC DERMOTT, prop. Mao Diarmid, q.v.

MAC DIARMID (Celt.) Son OF Diarmald,q.v.
[Ir. Mac Diarmada]
MAC DONA 1 (Celt.) Son of Donagh or
MAC DONAGH / Donnchadh : v. Donaghie.

MAC DONALD 1 (Celt.) Son of Donall : v.
MAC DON N ell] DonaKd

MAC DONOUGH = Mac Donagh, q.v.

MAC DOUGAL "1 Son of Dougal(l : v.

MACDOUGALL; Dougal(l [Ir. and GaeL

Mac Dubhghaill]

MAcg§wEl:l:}«°^°^^°— -°°-"

MAC DUFF (Celt.) Son of Dubh : v. Duff

MAC EACHAN \ (Celt.) Son of Eachan :
MAC EACH EN jv. Eachan.

MAC EACHARN \ (Celt.) Son of Eacht(h)-'
MAC EACHERN JiGHEARN = Horseman,
Horse-Lord [Gael, each, horse -f- tigh-

eartt, lord]

MAC ELROY for Mac Gilroy (Celt.) Son of
Gilroy, q.v.

MAC ENTAGART •, (Ceft.) SoN of the
MAC ENTEGART \ PRIEST [Gael. Mac-an-t-
MAC ENTEGGART' shagairt} ,

The Gael, word for ' priest' (nom. case)

is sagart; for the rule as to eclipsis see

the note under Mac Intyre.

MAC ENTIRE 1 ,, , 4.

MAC ENTYRE j = ^^'^ '"^y^- 'I-^'

MAC EVOY = Mac Avoy, q.v.

MAC EWAN 1 c„„ „„ c ^

MAC EWEN J Ewan, Ewen, q v.

MAC FADDEN 1 (Celt.-Lat.) Son of Little '
MAC FADYEN J Paddy or Patrick [Ir. Mac

Phaidi.:i\
See Patrick.

Mac Pall

Mac Qreary

MAC FALL -(Celt.-Lat.) Son of Paul [Gael.
Mac Phail: v. Paul]

MAC FARLAN ] (Celt. + Heb.) Son of
mAc FARLAND I Parlan or Partholan =
MAC FARLAN E f Bartholomew, q,v. [Gael.
MAC FARLIN I Mac Pharlain, genit. of

, Parian]

MAC FEE \ (Celt.) Son of Dubh-shith {sh

MAC FIE land th = A) = Dark of Peace

{mac, son + duhh, dark + shith, genit, of

sith, peace]

MAC FERSON = Mao Pherson, q.v.

MAC GAIN (Celt. + Heb.) Son of John [Gael.
Mac Edin, genit. of Iain : v. John.
(Gelt.) Son of Kane, q.v.

MAC GAIR (Celt.) Son of the Short

[Ir. and Gael. Mac Girr, Mac Ghearr—

gearr, short]

MAC GANN for Mac Cann, q.v.

MAC GARRICK for Mac Capriok, q.v.

MAC GARRY (Celt.) Son of Garry (q.v.) or
GadhaR: v. O'Gara.

MAC GAULEY for Mao Auley, q.v.

MAC GAURAN (Celt.) Son of Samhradhan
= Summer [Ir. Mac Samhradhain (s aspi-
rated), genit. of Samhradhdn = samhradk,
summer + the dim. Suff. -dn]

MAC GAVIN (Celt.) Son of Gavin, q.v.

MAC G EACH IN for Mac Eachan, q.v.

for Mac Geoch or Mac

MAC GINITY 1 (Celt.) Son or Finnachta [Ir.

, MAC GINTY jMdc Fhinndichta {fh mute) =

the Fair [Ir. fi{o)nn + the,double sufiH

or the Old [It. fi{o)nnach + the adj. suff.

M

MAC GIN LEY (Celt.) i an aspirated form of
Mac Finley : v. Finlay.
2 for Mac Kinley, q.v,

MAC GINN (Celt.) Son of FiNN=the White
or Pale [Ir. Mac Fhinn {fh njute]

MAC GIVEN, ? for Mao Gavin, q.v. '

MAC GLADE, app. for Mac Leod, q.v.

MAC GLASHAN (Celt.) Son of Glassan : v.
Glashan.

MAC GLENNON for Mac Lennan,;q.v.

MAC GLINCHEY for Mac Linchey (Celt.) =
Son of Lynch, q.v.

MACGEAGH i
Keogh. q.v.

MAC GEE
MAC GhfEE
MAC GHIE

MACGENNIS
MAC GINNES
MAC GINNESS
MACGINNIS

Magee, q.v.

(Celt.) Son of Angus, q.v.
[Ir. Mac Aenghusa, genit. of

Aengus]

MAC GEOCH i= Mac Keogh, q.v.

MAC GIBBON (Celt.+Teut.)|SoNOF Gibbon,
q.v.

MAC GILCHRIST (Celt.) Son OF Gilchrist,
q.v.

MAC GILL (Celt.) SoN OF GiLLE = the Ser-
. VAi<T or DiscipXE [Gael, gille]

MAC GILLIVRAYl (Celt.) Son of Gille -

MACGILVERY J BhrAth = Servant of

Judgment [Gael. ^jVfe, 'servant + bhrdth,

genit. ol hrdth, judgment]

MAC GLOIN -, (Celt.) 'the Irish Mac Giolla
MAC GLOINE Edin, Son of the Servant
MAC GLOYNE or DiSqiple of Iain = John,
MAC GLONE J q.v. [Ir.> mac, son + giolla,'
servant, discijile + the genit. of Iain]

MAC GLORY, v. Mac Clory.

MAC GLYNN = Macklin, q.v.

MAC GOFF (Celt.) Son of Goff, q.v.

MAC GOLDRICK (Celt.-(-Teut.)SoN OF Gold-
rick, q.v. '

MAC GORMAN \ (Celt.) Son of Gorman,
MAC GORMAN D J q.v.

MAC GORRIN, for Mac Orain (Celt.) Son of
Oran, q.v.

MAC GOUGH (Celt.) Son orGough or Goff,
q.v.

MAC GOVAN \

MACGOWAnI (Celt.) SoN OF THE Smith
MAC GOWEhl I [Ir. and Gael. Mac Gobkanl
MAC GOWN •'

Cp. Gow.
MAC GOVERN = Mac Gauran, q.v.
MAC GRADY (Celt.) Son of Grady, q.v.

MACGRANDLE, for Mac Randle (Celt. +
Teut.) Son of Randle, q.v.

MAC GRATH, for Mac Craith, q.v.
MAC GREARY, v. Mac Creary.

Mac Qreavey

Mackay

MAC GREAVEY\

MAC GREAVY v. Mac Creavey, &c.

MACGREEVEY

MACGREEVY

MAC GREGOR (Celt. +Gr.) Son of Gregor :
V. Gregop.

MAC GRORY for Mao Rory, q.v.

MAC GUFFIE for Mac Coffey, SoNOFCoffey,
q.v.

MAC GUFFIN (Celt.) ? Son of GeibhionN =
the Captive [Ir. ^ejMtowB, captivity, bondT

age]

MACGUIN(N)ESS, v. Mac Ginness, Mac

Gennis.
MAC GUIRE (Celt.) Son of the PAle-Cqm-
PLEXiONED [Ir. Mac Uidhir — mac, son +
uidhir, genit. of odhar, pale, sallovv]
Cp. Hoare 2.

MAC GUIRKI (Celt.) Son of Corc = Knife
MAC GURK J [Ir. Mac Cuirc - cuirc, genit.

of corc, a knife]

MAC HALE I for Mac Cahill (Celt.) Son of
Cathal: v. Cahill.

2 the Irish Mac HHl,'Sa.\A (as, to the
main name) to be of Anglo-Norman origin.
Dr. Mac Hale, Archbishop of Tuam,
always spelt his name Machdil (Joyce).

MAC HARDY (Celt.+Teut.) Son of Hardy:
V. Hardy.

(Celt.) for Mac Caradoc, Son of
Caradoc: V. Cradock.

MACHELL (Fr.-Lat.) i Butcher [O.Fr.
mac(h)el : cp. Lat. macellarius, a meat-
purveyor]
2 also said to be a corr. of or used for
Malchien, Naughty Dog [Lat. mal-us 4-

canis\
MACHENn

MACHIN [ (Fr.-Heb.) French douhile dims, of
MACHON I Matthew, q.v.

MAC HENDRY (Gelt. -|-Teut.) Son OF Hendry
= Henry, q.v.

MAC HUGH (Celt.-f Teut. or Celt.) Son of
Hugh :'v. Hugh The name Mac Hugh
is often the Anglicized form of the Ir. Mac
Aedha, Son of Aedh or Aodh {(Jh mute)
= Ardour.
Cp. Magee. ^

MAC HUTCHON (Celt.-1-Teut. or Celt.) Son
'of Hutchon, a diril. of Hugh, q.v.

MAC ILRAITH ■) (Celt.) Sonofthe Grey or

MAC ILRATH > Brindled Serlvant - man ,

MAC ILWRAITH ' [Gael. Mac Gille-riabhaich

— mac, son of + gille, m., servant -f-

riabhaich, genit. of riabhach, grey, brindled]

MAC INDOE (Celt.) SoN OF JOHN THE Black

[Gael. Mac lan-duibh-mac, son of -(- Ian,

John + duibh, genit. of dubh, black]

MAC INNES (Celt.) an asp. form of Mac
Angus, Son of Angus, q.v.

MAC IN ROY (Celt.) Son of John the Red
[Gael. Mac fan-ruaidh ^ mac, son of -f-
lan, John -|- ruaidh, genit. of ruadh, red]

MACINTIRE \ (CeltO Son of the Carpen-
MACINTYREJter [Gael, and Ir. Mac-an-t-

shaoirl
The Gael. , and Ir. wrord for Carpenter
(nom. case) is saor or saer', s does not
appear in Macintyre because, according
to Gael, phonetics, when a noun beginning
with s is preceded by the article the s is
eclipsed when the noUn is nominative fern.,
genitive masc, or (generally) dative masc,
and fem. Each eclipsable consonant has
its own eclipsing letter; that of s is /.

Cp, Mactaggart = The Priest's Son.

MACINTOSH CCelt.) Son of the Chief or
Prince [Gael. Mac-an-tdisiche}

MAC IVERUCelt.-|-Teut.) Son of Iver : v.
MAC IVOR/ Iver.

MAC IVERS(A.-Celt.-Teut.) Mac Iver's (Son)
v. Mac Iver.

MACK (Celt.) An abbreviation of one or other
of the numerous Mac- names.

MAC KAGUE 1 for Mac Thaidhg (Manx-Celt.),
MACKAIG j Son of Tadhg = the Poet
or Philosopher.
Cp. Keig.
MACKAIN \ (Celt.) Son of Kain or Kane
MAC KANE J [Ir. Mac Cathain :v. O'KaIn]

MACKAREL-i (A.-Fr.-]>at.) a nickname from

MACKEREL f the Mackerel [M.E. makarel,

MACKRELL maJereK, O.Fr. makerel (Fv.

maquereau), from the prim, form, maca, of

Lat. macula, a spoti]

Richard Makarel. — Hund. Rolls.

MACKARNESS (? Scand.) An obscure name,
prob. local [O.N. ties, a promontory].
Bardsleynotedthe occurrence of 'WiUiam
de Maukurneys' in the Hund. Rolls (Lines),
and- the same spelling is found in a York-
shire roll of 1 324-5. Guppy (' Tfie! Homes
of Family-Names,' p-agg) found that the '
name in theform Mackaness was peculiarly
a Northamptonshire surname.

MACKAY (Celt.) Son of Aedh or Aodh =Art
dour [Qael. and Ir. Mac Aedha or Aodha(dh
mute) — mac. son + aedh, aodh (genit.
aedha, aodha), fire, ardour : cp. Wei. didd,

ardour]

Mac Kean

Mac Lay

Aedh in its original application was
probably used in the sense of a fiery
wairrior. The name has been in use in
, ' Ireland from the most remote antiquity,

; , arid it was used among the Gauls (^edM«)
in the time of Julius Caesar.— Joyce,
Irish Names, ii. 150.

MAC KEAN ^(Celt.) Son of Keen(e, q.v.
MAC KEANDhAlso = Maoklan, q.v.
MAC KEEN >

MAC KEATING (Celt.) Son of Keating, q.v.

MAC KEE = MacKay, q.v.

MAC KEEVER, for Mao Iver, q.v.

MAC KELLAR (Celt. +Lat.) Son OF the

Cellarer [Gael, wac, son + a borrowing

from Lat. cellarius, cellarer; Lat. cella,

storehouse]

MAC KELVEY \ (Celt.) ? Son of'the Ser-'

MAC KELVIE '^ vant of the DARK(Man)

[I r. and Gael. Mac Giolla Dhubhthaich —

mac, son + giolla, gille, servant : v. Duffy]

MAC KENDRICK, for Mac Hendrick (Celt. +
Teut.) Son of Hendrick, q.v.

MAC KENNA (Celt.) Son of Kenna, q.v.

I (Celt.) Son op Kenny, q.v.

MAC KENNEY
MAC KENNY

MAC KENZIE[(Gael.) Son of Coinnech =
Handsome.

MAC KEOGH (Celt.) Son of Eochaidh =

Horseman [Ir. Mac Eochadha — mac, son

. + eochaidh (genit. eochadha), horseman ;

ech (Gael. eacA) a horse]

MAC KEON \ (Celt.) Son of Eoghan or
MAC KEOWN I Owen : v. Owen" [Ir. Mac

Eoghain]
MAC KERNAN (Celt.) Son of Kernan, q.v.

MAC KERROW (Celt.) Son of Kerrow, q.v.

MAC KEVITT (Celt.+Heb.) Son of David,
q.v. [Ir. and Gael. Mac Dltevitt (dh mute]

MAC KEW for Mao Hugfi, q.v.

MAC KIAN (Celt.+Heb.)SoN OFlAiN = John,
q.v. [Ir. and Gael. Mac Edin, genit. of

Iain\

MAC KIBBIN for Mac Gibbon (Celt. + Teut),
Son of Gibbon: v. Gibbon.

MAC KILLOP (Celt.+Gr.) Son of Philip, q.v.

MAC KIM 1 (Celt. + Heb.) Son of Sim,
MAC KIM M J q.v. [Gael. Mac Shim, nom.

Sim {sh = A]

MAC KIN for Mac Kian, q.v.

MAC KlNLAY\ (Celt.) Son of Cinfaoladh

MAC KINLEY J ,= Learned or Skilful

Leader [Ir. Mac Cinfhaolaidh {fh mute)

— mac, son + genit. of cinfaoladh — cinn,

head, leafier + faoladh, learned, etc.]

MACKINNA = Mac Kenna, q.v.

MAC KINNEY = Mac Kenny, q.v.'

MAC KINNON (Celt.) Son of Fingon= Fair-
Birth [Gael, mac, son + the asp. form of
fi{o)nn, fair + a der. of gin, to beget]

MAC KINTOSH = Macintosh, q.v.

MAC KIRDY for Mac Hardy, q.v.

MACKLE for, Mickle, q.v.

MAG(K)LEHOSE, app. for Micklehose (Teut.)

Big Hose (a nickname) [O.E. micel =

O.N. mikill + O.E. O.N. hosa\

MACKLIN (Celt.) an asp. form {Mac Fhlainn
—fh mute) of Mac FlainHi Son of Flann :
V. O'Flinn.

MAC KNIGHT (Celt.) = Mac Naught, q.v.
(A.-Celt.) Son of the Knight : v.
Knight.

MAC KOWEN for Mao Owen, q.v.

MACKRELL, v. Mackarel.

M^gt^tiNE}^-^-^-"-'!-

MAC KYE =. Maokay, q.v.

MAC LACHLAN SoNOF Laohlan, q.v.

MAC LAG^N (Celt.) app. Son of the Servant

OF Aodhagan or Aedijagan = Ardour

[Gael. Mac Gille Aodhagain : v. Egan, and

' cp. Maokay]

MAC LAINE = Mac Lean, q.v.

MAC LAREN (Celt.+Lat.) Son OF Lawrence,
q.v. [Gael. Mac Ldbhruinti]

MAC LARTY, a contr. form of Mac Flaherty,
Son OF Flaherty, q.v.

MAC LAUGHLIN (Gelt.) Son of Laughlln or
Loughlin, q.v.

MAC LAWRIN = Mao Laren, q.v.

MAC LAY (Celt.) Son of Lay, q.v. ; or= Mao
Leay, q.v.

Mac Lean

Mac Naughton

MAC LEAN (Celt.+Heb.) Son of the Ser-
vant of J o hn [Gael. Mac Gille-Edin - mac,
son + gille, m., servant + Edin, genit. of
Iain, John : v, John]

MAC LEAR (Celt.) Son of Lear, q.v. ; or for
Mac Lure, q.v.

MAC LEARY (Celt.) i Son of Leary, q.v.
2 for Mac Cleary, q.v.

MAC LEAVY \ (Celt.) Son of Donleavy =

MAC LEAY J Brown of the Hill [Gael.

mac, son + donn, brown + shUibhe, genit.

of sliabh, hill, mountain]

MAC LELLAN "1 (Celt.) Son ofthe Servant

MAC LELLANDJ OF Fillan = Wolf [Gael.

Mac Gillfhaolain {fh mute) — mac, son +

gille, servant + the genit. oifaolan\

MAC LEN NAN (Celt.) i Son of the Servant
OF Finnan = Fair One [Gael, mac, son
+ gille, m., servant + fhi(o)nn {fh mute)
genit. of fi{o)nn, fair + the dim. suff. -dn\

2 Son of the Servant of Adamnan
= Little Adam

MAC LEOD (Celt.+Scand.) Son of Lj6t=
Ugly [Gael, mac, son + O.N. Ij6t-r, ugly]

MAC LEVEY = Mao Leavy, q.v.

MAC LOUGHLAN 1 (Celt.)SoN of Loughlan,
MAC LOUGHLIN J q.v.

MAC LUCKIE (Celt.-Lat.) Sow of Luckie, a
dim. of Luke, q.v.

MAC LURE (Celt.) i Son OF the Leper [Gael,
and Ir. Mac Lohhair -7 mac, son +
lobhair (bh = w), genit. of lobhar, a' leper]

2 Son of the Servant of the Book

[Gael. Mac Gille Leabhair — mac, son 4-

gille, m., servant -f leabhair (bh = w)

genit. of leabhar,,a. book]

MAC MAHON (Celt.) Son of Mathghamhan
= the Bear : v. Mahon

MAC MANN, app. corr. of Mac Mahon, q.v.

MAC MANUS (Celt. + Scand.-Lat.) Son of
Manus or Magnus = the Great [Lat.

magnus]

MAC MASTER (Celt. + Lat.) SoN OF the
Master [Gael, maighistear, Lat. magister,

master]

MAC MATH (Celt.) Son of the Good [Ir.
and Gael, math, good]

MAC MEECHAN'i
MAC MEEHAN
MAC MEAKIN
MAC MEEKIN
MAC MICKEN

(Celt.) Son ofMiadhachan
= the Noble or Honour-
able [Ir. miadhach +
the dim. suff. -rf«]

MAC MICHAEL (Celt.) Son of Michael, q.v.

MAC MILLAN 1 (Celt.) Son of Millan or

MAC MILLIN fMuLLAN = theBALD; MoNK,

Disciple [Gael. Mac Mhaolain, genit. of

Maoldn : v. Mullan]

The Irish form of this name is usually
Mac Mullan.

MAC MINN (Celt.) Son of Meann = the

Famous ; or the Kid [Ir. and Gael. Mac

Minn, genit. of Meann^

MAC MORROUGH\ i the Irish MacMurchad-
MAC MORROW [ ha: v. Mac Murchie.
MAC MURROW > 2 the Irish Mac Muiread-
haigh : v. Mac Murray.

MAC MULDROCH "I (Celt.) Son of the

MAC MULDROW J Little Disciple [Ir.

Mac Maoildroch — maol or mael, disciple,

servant + droch, little, short]

MAC MULLAN v(Celt.) Son of Mullan =
MAC MULLEN Fthe Bald; Monk, Disciple:
MAC MULLIN > -v. Mullan.

The Highland form of this name is
usually Mac Millan, q.v. ,

MAC MURCHIE] (Celt.) Son of Murchadh

MAC MURCHY J = SEA-WARRiOR[Ir. »!«(i>,

sea + the asp. form of cath, war, warrior]

Cp. Murphy.

MAC MURRAY (Celt.) i Son of Morogh : v.
Murray.

2 for Irish Mac Murchadha : v. Mac
Murchie.

MAC NAB > (Celt. + Lat.-Gr.-Syr.) Son of

MAC NABB [ THE Abbot lGae\.Mac-an-Aba-

mac,son+an, oi the+aba(,dh, genit. of db,

abbot — Lat. abbas, Gr. d/S/Soj, Syr. abbd,

a father]
Cp. Mac Cabe. '

Abair tri uairean Mac-an-Aba gun do
chab a dhCinadh (Say three times Mac
Nab{b without shutting' your mouth).^ —
St. Cojumbus's Conundrums.

MAC NAGHT "I (Celt.) Son of Neachd = a
MAC NAUGHT/ Pledge; or Pure One [Ir.

neachd]

MAC NAGHTEN ) (Celt.) Son ofNeachtan

MAC NAUGHTAN > =,a Pledge ; or Pure

MAC NAUGHTON 1 One [Ir. and Gael.neachd

4- the dim. suff -rfn]

Mac Nair

Mac Ready

MAC NAIR (Gael.) Son of the Heir [Gael.

mac, son + an, of the + oighre, heir}*

(Ir.) Son of the Riser [Ir. mac, son +

an, of the + ineirghS, riser]

* This name is not from one source.
The Gairloch branch is desceaded from
an Iain Odhar, whose name is condensed
into In-uir. The pronunciation and other
facts point to a third origin also : Mac
I An-fhuidhir Ifh and dh mute] = the
' Stranger's Son. Prof. Mackinnon makes
the nume Fuibhir, and takes it from Lat.
faber, smith.
' — MacBain, Inverness Names, p. 40.

MAC NALLY (Celt.) Son OF the Poor- Man
[Ir. Mac-an-Fhailgigh {fhmuXe) — mac, son
+ an, of the+the genit. oifdilgeack, poor]

MAC NAMARA (Celt.) Son of Cumara =

Hound of the Sea (prob. denoting a

skilful sailor) [Ir. and Gael. Mac Conmara

— mac, son + con, genit. of cti, a hound +

mara, genit. of muir, the sea]

MAC NAMEE (Celt.) Son of Cumidhe = the

Meath Hound [Ir. Mac Conmidhe - con,

genit. of cu, a hound + midhe, bel. to the

' Prov. of Meath]

MAC NAY 1
MAC NEAJ

V. Mac Nee

MAC NEAL y

MAC NEALE [for Mao Neil(l, q.v.

MACNEALL'

MAC NEE (Celt.) Son of the Night [Ir. and
Gael. Mac-na-h-Oidhche — mac, son + na,
of the + the phon. insertion h+oidhche,

night]

MAC NEIL ^

MAC NEILE KCelt.) Son of Neil(l : v. Nellfl

macneill'

MAC NEILLY (Celt.) Son of Fileadh = the
Bard, Poet [Ir. Mac-an-Fhiledh (/A mute)
— mac, son J- an, of the + the genit. of

fileadhl

MAC NEISH \ (Celt.) Son of Angus, q.v.
MAC NISH J [Gael. Mac Naois, a dial, form

of Mac Angus]

MAC NICHOLL^ (Celt. + Gr. ) Son of
MAC NICOL [Nic(h)ol, a dim. of
MAC NICOLL > Nio(h)olas, q.v.

'^''°''%^}S0N0FNiven,

MAC NIVII

q.v.

MAC NULTY (Celt.) Son of Ultach = the

Ulsterman [Ir. Mac-an-Ultaigh - mac,

son + an, of the + the genit. of Ultach]

MACONOCHIE, v. Mac Con(n)achie.

MAC ORIS .1 (Celt.+Gr.) Son of Pierce.

MAC ORISH J Pierce, A.-Ft. form of Peter,

q.v. [In Mac Fheorais (fh mute), genit. of

Feoras]

MAC OWAN \ (Celt.) Son of Owan or Owen:
MAC OWEN ; V. Owen [Ir. Mac Eoghain, genit.

of Eoghan]

MAC PARLAN •, the unasp. forms of Mao
MAC PARLANd[ Parian, etc., q.v.
MAC PARLIN I

MAC PHAIL (Celt. +Lat.) Son of Paul, q.v.
[Gael. MacPhail, genit. oi PM\

MAC PHEE =Mao Fie, q.v, 1

MAC PHERSON (Celt.+Lat.) Son of the

Parson : v. Parson [Gael^ and Ir. Mac

Phearsuin, genit. of pearsun, parson — ^

Lat. persofia]

MACQUADEl ,, _ ..

MACQUAID I^Mac Quoid.

MAC QUARRIE (Celt.) Son of Guaire = the
Noble, Great [Gael, and Ir. guaire]

MAC QUEEN (Celt.) a Scotch asp. form of Ir.
Mac Sweeney, q.v.

(Celt.+Norse)asp.formof MacSween,
q.v.

MAC QUHAE \ asp. forms of Mao Quade :
MACQUIE J V.Mac Quoid.

MAC QUILLANl (Celt.) i Ir. Mac Uid{h)ilin
MACQUILLINJ 2 confused with Mac

Cullen, q.v.

MACQUILLIAM (Celt.+Teut.) Son of
William, q.v.

MACQUIN \(Celt.) Son of Conn = the

MAC QUINN; Wise One [Ir. mac, son +

cuinn, genit. of conn, wise one]

MAC QUIRE = Mao Guire, q.v.

MAC QUIRK = Mao Guirk, q.v.

MAC QUOID (Celt.) Son of the Yellow-
Haired [Ir. and Gael. Mac Bhuidhe (J}k^
tu) -buidhe, yellow (haired]

MAC RAE (Celt.) Son of Rath = GRAttEor
Luck [Gael. Mac Railh (th = A]

(Gelt.orCelt.+Teut.)SoNOFRAE: v. Rae
= Ray.

MAC READY (Celt.+Teut.) Son of REDDiE.a
dim. of Redmond, q.v.

Mac Ritchie

Ma£:enni5

MAC RITCHIE (Celt. + Teut.) Son of
Ritchie, a dim. of IRichard, q.v.

MAC ROBBIE 1 (Celt. + Teut.) Son of
MAC ROBIE J Robbie, a dim. ot Robert,q.v.

MAC ROBERT (Celt.+Teut.) Son of Robert,

q.v.

MAP ROBERTS = Mao Robert (q.v.) + the
■ Eng. genit. -i suff.

MAC RORY (Celt.>SoNOFRuADHRi:v. Rory, ,

MAC RURY = Mac Rory, q.Vi

MAC SHANE (Ir. -|- Heb.) Son of John, q.v.

[Ir. Mac Seoiiij

MAC SHERRY, Son of Sherry, q.v.

MAC SWEEN (Celt. + Norse) Son of Sween
or SwAWi = the Swain [O.N. sveinn, a

swain, boy]

. (Celt.) See Mao Sweeney.

MAC SWEENEY '
MAC SWEENY
MAC SWINAY
MAC SWINEY
MAC SWINNEY

(Celt.) Son of Suibhne :
V. Sween(e)y.

MAC TAGGART (Celt.) Son of the Priest
(Gael. Mac'an-t-shagairt]

The Gael, word for ' priest' (nom. case)
is sagart ; for the rule as to eclipsis see the
note under Mao Intyre.

MAC TAG UE (Celt.) Son OF the Poet [Ir.
, Mac Taidhg, genit. of Tadg, a poet]

MAC TAVISH (Celt.+Heb.) Son of Thomas,
q.v. [Gael. Mac TamhaiS, genit. of Tamos]

MAC TEAR ^

MAC TEER [ forms of Mao Intyre, q.v.

MAC TIER I

Cp. Mao Ateer.
MAC TIERNAN (Celt.) SoN OF Tighearnan:
V. Tiernan.

MAC TIGHE \ (Celt.) Son of the Poet [Ir.
MAC T\GUE I Mac Taidhg, genit. of Tadg, a

poet]

MAC VEIGH 1 (Celt.) Son of the Yellow-
MAC VEY } Haired (One) [Ir. MacBhuidhe
MAC VIE J (6* as i; ; dh myite)—buidhe, yel-
low (haired]

MAC VICAR \ (Celt. +Lat.) Son of the
MACVICKER J Vicar ,[La.t.vicarius]

MAC WADE = Mao Quade = Mac Quoid

q;v.

MAO WALTER (Celt.+Teut.) Son of Walter
q.v.

MAC WALTERS 1 = Mao Walter (q.v.) +
MAC WATERS J the E. genit. -i suff.

MAC WATT \. (Celt.+Teut!) SonofWatt,
MAC WATTIE JWattie, dims, of Walter,
q.v.

MAC WEAN = Mao Queen, q.v.

MACWHA l(Celt.) Son of the Yellow-
MAC WHAE J Haired (One) [Ir. MacBhuidhe
(bh as Mi; dh m\xte) -buidhe, yellow (hair-
ed]

MAC WILLIAM (Celt. + Teut.) Son of Wil-'
Ham, q.v. ' ,

MAC WILLIAMS = Mao William (q.v,) + the
Eng. genit. -5 suff.

MACEY}='«^^^«y'q-^;

MADDEN \ (Celt.) DoG,HoUND [Ir.Madadhan
MADDIN J — madadh, a dog + the dim. suff.

-dn}

MADDICK \ (Cfelt.) Goodly, Beneficent ,
MADDOCKJ [Wei. forms Madawc, Madog;
Wei, madog, goodly — wad, good] ,,

Madawc \he son of Maredudd [Mere-
dith] possessed Powys within its bound-
aries, from Pprfoed to Gwauan in the
uplands of ArwystU.—

'The Dream of Rhonabwy ' : Mab inogion,
tr. Guest.

MADDISON 1 I Maud's Son :v. Maud.
MADISON J 2 = Mattison, q.v.

MADDOCKS'l (A.-Celt.) Maddock's (Son) :
MADDOX Jv. Maddook

MADEWELL(Epg.) Dweller at the Meadow-
Well [O.E. mddd, meadow + im»lle\

MADGE, V. Mafegs '

MAPIN = Madden, q.v.

MADLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Madley or Madeley
= the Meadow-Field [O.E. m(hd + ledh]

MAGEE (Celt,)- Son of Aedh or Aodh =

Ardour [If. Mac Aedha 01 MacAodha (dh

mute)— mac, son + the genit. of aedh,

aodh, ardour, fire : cp. Wei. aidd, ardour]

Cp. Maokay ; also Aidar)
ilJlAGlNNIsl^^^"^^"""''^-"

lO

Mageoghegan

Male

MAGEOGHEGAN (Celt.) Son of Echegan =
(Little) Horse [Ir. Mac Echegain — mac
son + the genit. oi ech{e)gdn, dim. aiech,

a horse]

IMAGER, I a var. of Meager, q.v.
2 V. Major.

MAGERAGHTY (Celt.) Son of Oirechtach

or AlREACHTACH = theJ^OBLEM AN [Ir. Mac

Oirechtaigh ov Mac Aireachtaigh — mac, son

+ aireach, a noble + taigh, genit. of the

5. plen. suff. -tacK\

MAGGS (A.-Gr.) Magg's (Son): Magg, a dim. of

Margaret = a Pearl [Lat. margarita, Gr.

piapyapLTTi^, a pearl]

MAGILL = Mac Gill, q.v.

MAGI
MAGI

NN I ='^3-C Gi""! Mao Gennis, q.v-

MAGINESS

MAGINNESS \ = Magennis, Mac Gennis,

MAGINNIS ) q.v.

MAGNUS (Scand.-Lat.) Great [Lat. magnus]
Cp. Mac Manus

MAGRATH \ _ ■>. „ Craith a V
MAGRAW / '^^° oraitn, q.v.

MAGSON, Mag(g)'s Son : v. Maggs.

MAGUIRE = Mac Guire, q.v.

MAHER (Celt.) for their. O'DfaheroxO'Meagh-
er. Descendant of Meachair = the
Fair, Handsome [Ir. and Gael. meachair\

MAHON I (Celt.) the Bear [Ir. and Gael.
MAHONE J tnathghamhuin]

MAH8Nr}f°'-°''^^'^''"«y''i-^-

MAIDMAN (Eng.) i Meadow-Man lO.E.mckd
mead(ow + mantt]

2 confused with the succeeding name.

MAIDMENT (Teut.) Power - Protection

[O.Teut. Madmunt, Medmund, etc. —

* mad, * mid = O.E. mdsip, power,

reverence, etc. + O.H.Ger. munt = O.E.

mund, protection]

MAIL
MAILE

Male, q.v.

MAIN "1 (Teut.) Strength [M.E. mazH, O.E.

MM^E]mcegen = O.Sax., O.N., O.H.Ger.

megin, strength, power (a fairly common

element in O.Teut. names]

(Fr.-Celt.) One from the Duchy of
Maine [Fr. Maine, the Lat.-Celt. Cenoma-

nia'\

(Fr.-Lat.) name derived from an armorial
or trade sign of a Hand (or a nick-
name) [Fr. main, Lat. man-us, the hand]

MAINPRICE \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Surety [Fr. main,

MAINPRISE J Lat. man-us, the hand + prise,

a taking, f. pp. pris of prendre, to take ;

Lat. prehendere\

MAINWARING (Fr.-Lat.-Teut.) Bel. to Mes-

nilwarin (France) = the Manor of Warin

[v. Mennell and Warin]

Robert de Meynwaring. — Hund. Rolls.
Warin de Menwarin. — Cal- Inq. P.M.

MAIR "I I Scot, forms of Mayer or Mayor,
MAI RE/ , q.v. [Gael, waor, an officer]

2 the A.-French Mair(e = Mayor, q.v.

Ne to be mair above men
Ne mynystre under kynges.

— Piers Plowman, 9486-7.

MAISEY "1 (Celt.) .Fair, Handsome [Gael.
MAIZEYJ maiseacK]

(Scot.-Gr.) a dim. (Maisie) of Margaret :
V. Maggs

MAITLAND (Scot.-Eng.) Bel. to Maitland
(Haddington), prob. = ' the Meadow-
land' [O.E. mckd-land] if not 'the
Wormy Land ' [O.E. ma'Sa (Ger. made)
worm, maggot + land]

MAJOR (Lat.) Greater, Bigger [Lat. major,
comp. of magnus]
Cp. Mayor

MAKEPEACE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Peacemaker,

Mediator [M.E. mak, maken, O.E. macian

to make -1- M.E. paes, peas, pais, O.Fr.

pais (Fr. paix), Lat. pax, pads, peace]

MAKIN = May (q.v.) -|- the E. dim. suff.
-iin

MAKINS, Makin's (Son) l^Motir,
MAKINSON, Makin's Son J '^^ "'a"^'"

MALBY for Maltby, q.v.

MALCOLM \ (Celt.) (Shaven) Servant or

MALCOM J Disciple of St. COLUMBA [Gael.

mael, shaven one, monk, servant, disciple

-i- Coluim, of Columba]

MALDOON = Muldoon, q.v.

MALE (Celt.) i Shaven One ; Monk, Disciple

[Gael, and Ir. mael, maol, prim. ' bald ']

2 Dweller at a Bald or Bare Hill or

Cape [same etym.]

(Eng.) for Mayhall, q.v.

II

Males

Manchester

MALES (A.-Celt.) Male's (Son) : v. Male

MALIN \like Molly, a double dim. of Mary,
MALLIN J also of Matilda [v. under Malkin]

MALKIN (A.-Fr.-Teut.) a double dim. of
Matilda, early form Mahthild = Might
(in) War [O.Sax.O.H.Ger. maht = O.E.
m{eidht, miht (= Goth, maht-s) = O.N.
»!a'«-r, might, power + O.Sax. O.E. hild
= O.H.Ger. hilt\= O.N. hild-r, war, battle]
The second element of Matilda is there-
fore the Teut. female christian name
Hilda.

(A.-Heb.) a double dim. of Mary =
Bitterness \H^h. MdrdK}

Malkin became a provincialism for a
slut; and even a scarecrow.
The kitchin malkin pinnes Her richest
Idckrara 'boiit her leechie necke.

— Shak,, Cortol, 11. 1.224.

MALLAN 1 (Celt.) Bald; Monk, Disciple [Ir.
MALLON \ Maeldn—mael + the dim. suff. -dn\
MALLIN "

MALLARD (Fr.-Teut.) i a nickname from the

Wild Drake [M.E. O.Fr. malard, malart,

a wild drake]

2 the French Ma{i)llard, L.Lat. Male-
hard-us, O.Ger. Madelhard = Speech- or
Council- Strong [the Cont.Teut. cognate
of O.'E.mce^el, speech, council, etc. + O.Sax.
hard=Gotii.hardu-s=0.li.Gex.hart=0.'E,.
h(e)ard, hard, strong, etc.]

MALLET \ I (Fr.-Lat.) Naughty [Fr. mal
MALLETTJ (Lat. mal-us) -|-the dim. suff. -rt]

Cp. Bonnett.

2 Accursed [Norm. Fr. waafeft, pp. of
the verb maleir, tOjCurSe ; Lat. tftaledicere]

, , Maleit seit oi cil aucidenz. —

' , (pursed be to-day that mischance)

0€n., Chron.de Norm., y.iiS9i;'Mio\sy.

Malet is on the mural list of
"Compagnons de Guillaume 4 la con-
quSte de I'Angleterre en MLXVl" in
Dives (Calvados) Church; also in the
copies of the Roll of Battle Abbey.

MALLEY, v. O'Malley.

MALLINSON 1 Mal(l)in's Son : v, Mal(l)if).
MALLISON ;

MALLOCH \ (Celt.) the Irish Mocheallo^, the
MALLOCK J name of a saint who flourished
at the beginning of the 7th cent, and gave
his name to Kilmallock in Limerick.

MALONE (Celt.-1-Heb.) Servant or Disciple
OF St. John: v. John [Ir. Mael Edin'\

MALONEY ) (Celt.) for the Irish O'MaoWAowA-

MALONY \ naigh {dh and mh mute) =

Grandson of the Servant or Disciple

OF DoMHNACH [Ir. d or ua, grandson;

maol, servant, disciple]

MALPAS \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Mal pas

MALPASS J (Chesh.)=the Bad Pass or Road

[Fr. mal pas, Lat. mal-us+pass-us, a. step,

track]

This pure French name on the Welsh
border is due to the old Norman Castle
which was built to command the pass.

MALSTER (Eng.) for Maltster (orig. female)

Malt - Maker [M.E. maltestere ; O.E.

m{e)aU -\- the fern, agent, suff. ■estre'\

MALTBY (Scand.) Bel. to Maltby = a Malt-
HousE [ScauA. malt + by'\

MALtHOUSE"! (Eng.) Keeper of a. Malt.'
MALTHUS J House [O.E. »!(^)aft + Wjr]

MALTMAN (Eng.) Malt-Maker [O.E. m{e)alt

+ mann\
MAN "I (Eng.) Vassal, Servant ; Hero
MANN/ [O.E. »2a«B, man, vassal, hero]

This name is found in the Liber Vitae
(gth cent, ff.), and in early times was
doubtless often used as an heroic appella-
tion : later the notion of vassalage or ser-
vice was more fully developed.

Previously to paying the iwergild, the
king's ' mund ' (a fine to the king for
breach of his protection) was to be levied ;
after which, within twenty-one daySj the
'healsfang' (apprehensio coUi, collistrig-
ium) was to be discharged; and after
that, within;twenty-onedays, the 'manb6t,',
or indemnity to the lord of the slain for
the loss of his man. —
Lappenberg-Thorpe, ^.-Sajr.iTJM^i, ii. 413.
Like master, like man.^O\A Proverb.

The vassal or tenant, kneeling, ungirt,
uncovered, and holding up his hands
between those of his lord, professed that
he did become his matt from that day
forth, of Hfe, limb, and earthly honour. —
Blackstone; Webster.

•Henry le Man. — Hund. Rolls.
(Celt.) Bel. to (the Isle of) Man [ ? qym-
nc man, place, or district]

MAN BY (Scand.) Bel. to Manby (Lines), 13th

cent. Manby = ? ' Mann's,' or ' Magne's'

Estate ' [O.N. by-rj

MANCHESTER (A.-Lat.-Celt.) Bel to Man-
chester, the mameceaster of the A.-Saxon
Chronicle and prob. the Mancunium

12

Mander

Manson

of Roman times [cp. Wei. mdti, a place ;

the second element is O.E. ceaster, a

(Roman) city, Lat. castra, a camp]

MANDER = Maunder, q.v.

MANDERS = Maunders, q.v.

MANDERSON = Maunderson, q.v.

MAN DEVI LLE (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Mandeville

(Normandy) = the Great Estate [corr. of

Lat. Magna Villa']

Both Mandeville, Eure, and Mande-
ville, Calvados, occur as Magna Villa in
the i2tli cent.

Cp. Manville

MANDRELL = Mander or Maunder, (q.v.)
+ the Fr. dim. suff. -el [Lat. ell-us]

"I (Eng.) Bel. to Manesty (Cum-

h - -

MANESTY

MANISTY / berland), app, = the Common

or Public Sty, or Road [O.E. ge)mcbne,

common, public + stig, a sty, pen ; or stig,

a path, road]

MANFIELD (Eng.) Bel. to Manfield = the

Common Field [O.E. ge)mikne, common,

pubhc +felc[\

MANGAN "I (Celt.) i for the Irish ff Mongain,

MANGIN J Grandson or Descendant of

MoNGAN = Hairy [Ir. mong, (long) hair,

mane + the dim. suff. -dn\

2 for the Irish O' Managain, Grandson
or Descendant of Managan

MANGER (Eng.) Merchant, Trader,
Dealer [O.E. tnan{c)gere]

Hvvaet s»gst );u, Mancgere ?
Quid dicis tu, Mercator ?

Mlfrici Colloquium, loth cent.

MANIFOLD. Dweller by the River Manyfold
or Manifold, co. Staffs.

MANISTY, V. Manesty.

MANLEYl (Eng.) Bel. to Manley =

MANLY J I Manna 'sLea [A.-Sax. *Maman-

ledh — Mannan, genit. of Mannd\

2 the Common Lea [O.E. ge)mckne,
common, public + ledfi]
(Celt.) corr. forms of Mac Neilly (q.v.)
or of Mac Nally (q.v.)

MAN LOVE (Eng.) Man-Beloved [A.-Sax.
Manleof-—man(n, man, hero + ledf, be-
loved, dear]

MANNERING for Malnwaring, q.v.

MANNERS (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Of the Manors

[O.Fi'. manoir, a mansion — manoir, maneir,

to dv^ell ; Lat. manere\

Dugdale states that the ancestors of
the Rutland (Manners) family were
'persons of great note in Northumberland
for in 25 Henry II. Henry de Maners
paid 80 marks for livery of his father's
lands in that country.' — Burke's Peerage,

&c.

The name was Latinized de Maneriis

MANNING (Eng.) Mann's Son : v. Man(n,
and + the O.E. fil. suff. -ing

Manning was the name of a moneyer
temp. iS:thelred I.

MANNION, an asp. form of Mangan, q.v.

MANSELL (A.-Fr.-Lat) One Belonging to a
Manse ; a Farmer ^ [A.-Fr. ma(u)nsel ;
Fr. manse, land sufficient to support a
family ; L.Lat. jwansa, a farm ; Lat. mansus,
pp, of manere, to reside + the Fr. suff.
-el, Lat. -ell-US']

. Sampson le Maunsel.^-jHa«rf. Rolls.

Robert le Mansel. — Plac. Dam. Cap.

Westm.

In its original (French) home this sur-
name is now found as Manseau, Manceau,
Mancel, &c.

On donnait, au moyen Sge, le nom de
Mansel a I'individu qui cultivait une
manse ou qui 6tait pr6pos6 a la percep-
tion de ses revenus.^-

Moisy, Noms de Fam. Norm., p. 263.

MANSER I for Mansergh, q.v.

2 for Mansel I, q.v.

MANSERGH (Teut.) Bel. to Mansergh (West-
moreland) = Mann's (? Harrow-) Land
[v. Man(n, andcp. M.Dan, harge, a harrow :
also cp. O.E.pldh, a plot of (plough-) land]

MANSFIELD (Eng.) Bel. to Mansfield = the
Field or Plain of the River Maun or
Mann [the river-name is probi Celt.,
? Wei. {afon) man, small (river) + O.E.

feld]

Mansfield is situated on the N. bank of

the small river Maun or Maun.— Nat. Gaz.

MANSON ffing.) Man(n)'s Son : v. Man(n
arid -f- O.E. sunu.

(Sopt.-Scand.) an assim. form of Mag"

nusson = Magnus's Son [Lat. magnus,

great -|- O.N. sun-r']

Magnus was adopted by the Norsemen
as a name out of admiration for Charle-
magne (Carolus Magnus).

iyiantc;l(l

13

Marison

MANTEL(L \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.)a.^icknameortrade-
MANTLE J name [M.E. O.Fr. mantel (Fr.
manieau), a cloak ; Lat. mantell-um, a

covering]

MANTON rEngO Bel. to Manton (Lines, Rut-
land,. &c.) = (prob.) Man(n)a's Estate

[O.Ktun]
Manton, Worcester, was the A.-Sax.
Mantun.

MANUEL for Immanuel : v. Emanuel.

MAN US, V. Mac Manus.

MANVILLE (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Manneville

(Normandy) == the Great Estate [Lat.

Magna Villa]

Manneville, Calvados, occurs as Magna

Villa in i2ot; Manneville -sur-Risle;

: , , Eure, was Magna Villa in the, i ith cent.

Cp. Mandeville.

MANWARING = Mainwaring, q.v.

MAPLE \ (Eng.) Dweller at the Maple-
MAPLESJ Tree(s [O.E. mapul-treif\

MAPLESON I Mabel's Son: v. under Mabb.

2 for Mapieston, q.v.

MAPLESTON (Eng.) Dweller at the Maple's

Enclosure [O.E. mapul (-treo), maple )

tiin, enclosure]

MAPP, a sharpened form of Mabb, c[-V-
' . • . '-

MAPPIN for Mabbin, a double dim. oi Mabel:
v. Mabb.

MARA (Celt.) i for O'Meara, q.v.

2 a shortening of Mac Namara, q.v.

MARCER = Mepcen, q.v.

MARCH (Eng.) Dweller at a Boundary,
Border, Frontier, Mark [M.E, marehe,
p.E. m{e)arc\
Austyn at Caunterbury
Cristnede the kyng,

And thorugh miracles, as men now rede,
Al tliat marehe he tornede
To Crist and to cristendom;

— Piers Plowman, 10513-17.
March, Cambs, had the same spelling
in the 13th cent.

MARCHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Marcham, Berks ;

gtli cent. Latin charter, Mercham — the

March-Land [v. under March, and +

O.E. ham{m, a piece of lat^d, enclosure]

MARCH ANT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Merchant J [M.E.

marcha{u)nt, O.F. march{e)ant (Fr. mar-

'■ chand) ; f.Lat. mercans, pres. p. oi mercari,

to trade]

A marchant was ther with a forked berd
In mottelye, and hye on horse he sat.

— Chaucer, Cant. Tales, Az'jo-i.

MARCOCK = Mark (q.v.) + the pet suff.
-cock.

MARCROFT (Eng.) Dvirelier at i the Lake-
Field [O.E. mere, a lake + croft]

2 the Boundary-Field [O.E. mckre, a
boundary -\r croft]* '

MARCUS (A.-Lat.), V. the more usual Eng.
form Mark.

MARCUSON, Marcus's Son: v. Marcus.

MARDEN (Eng.) Bel., to Marden = i the
, Pool- Valley [O.E. mere, a pool 4- denui

a valley]

2 the Boundary- Valley [Q.E. m(&re,
a boundary]

But Marden, Wilts, was the A.-Saxori
Mere-dun, ' the hill by the mere.'

MARDON (Eng.) usually for Marden (q.v.)i;
but -doit normally represents O.E. dun, a
down, hill.

MARGARET (A.-Lat.-Gr.) Pearl (Lat. malr-
garita, Gr. liapryajtlTiis]

MARGERISON, Margery's .Son : v. Margery

Margery, a dim. of Margaret, q.v.

MARGET(T ^

MARGIN \ double dims.of Margaret, q.v.

MARGOT J

MARGETSON, Marget's Son 1 „ .«„ '^^t/t
M ARG ETTS, MARdETT s (Son) j ^- W"arget(t.

MARGINSON, Margin's Son : v. Margin.

MARGISON 1 Margy's or Margery's Son :
MARGISSONJ V.Margery.

MARGRIE, V. Margery.

MARIGOLD (Heb. -|- Eng.) the flower-name

[(the Virgin) Afary, Heb. Jlfrfriffcbitterness

-f O.E. gold (from the colour];

MARION ) (A.-Fr.-Heb.) dims, of Mary =

MARYON (Bitterness [Heb. Mdrdh; with

the Fr. dim. suff. -on]

MARISON, Mary's Son.

, Confused with Morlson, q.v.

Marjoribanks

14

Marfiner

MARJORlBANKS(Scot.)Bel.toMarjoriebanks.

' When, Walter, High Steward of Scot-
land, and ancestor of the royal house of
Stewart, espoused Marjorie (Margaret),
only daughter of Robert Bruce, and
■Eventually heiress to the crown, the
barony of Ratho was granted by the king
as a marriage portion to his daughter, by
charter which is still extant ; and these
lands, being subsequently denominated
" Terra de Ratho Marjorie-banks," gave
rise to the name of Marjoribanks.'

I — Burke's Landed Gentry, ed. 1849.

MARK, the Latin AfarcMJ, a common 1 Roman
prsenomen (gen. abbreviated M.) =
Hammer [Lat. marcus, a hammer ; dim.

marculus]

(Eng.) Dweller at a Mark or Boundary

[O.E. m(e)arc\

MARKEY (Celt.) Horseman, Rider [Ir. mar-
each = Gael, marcaiche — marc, a horse]

MARKHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Markham = the
Mark- or Boundary- Land [O.E. m{e)arc

+ hamifri]

MARKLAND (Eng.) Dweller at the Mark- or
Boundary-Land [O.E. m{e)arc + land]

MARKS \ I Mark's (Son) : v. Mark'
MARX J 2 for Marcus, q.v.

MARKSON, Mark's Son : v. Marki

MARL 1 (Fr.-Lat.) the French Marie, Merle,

MARLE J a nickname from the Blackbird

[Fr. merle, Lat. merula]

(A.-Fr.-Lat.-Celt.) Dweller at the Marl

[O.Fr. marie, L.Lat. margila, dim. of Lat.

marga, marl ; Celtic]

Cp. Clay.

(Teut.) the O.Teut. name - element,
Marl-, Merl-, Marl- (as in A.-Sax. Mcerle-
n) [f. mdri, mdere, famous]

MARLAND (Eng.) Dweller at i the Lake-

Land [O.E. mere ^- land:]

2 the Boundary-Land [O.E. mdire +

land]

■MARLBOROUGH (Eng.) Bel. to Marlborough
Marlborough, Wilts, occurs in the A.-
Sax. Chronicle (A.D. 1 1 10) as Mcerlebeorg
. — 'to Eastron he (Henry) vvses aet Mserle-
beorge ' [O.E. beorg, a hill ; the first por-
tion of the name is prob. the A. - Sax.
name-element Mcerle, f. m(kre, famous,

glorious]

MARLER (Eng.) Marl-Worker [v. under
Marl, and -f- the E. agent, suff. -er]

MARLEY (Eng.) Dweller at i tlie Lake-Lea
[O.E. mere, a lake -|- ledh (M.E. ley]

2 the Boundary- Lea [O.E. mdsre +

1 ledK] I

MARLOW (Eng.) Bel. to Marlow (Bucks),
the Domesday Merlawe = the Hill or
Tumulus by the Mere [O.E. mere, a lalc'e

-1- hlAw]

MARMION l (Fr.) a nickname = Little
MARMON J Monkey [O.Fr. marmion, a mar-
mot or small monkey ; merme, very small
(Scheler) -|- the dim. suff, -i-oii]

M A R N E R (A. - Fr. - Lat.) Mariner, Sailor

[M.E. O.Fr. mariner (Fr. marin, marinier) ;

Lat. marin-us, marine]

MARPLE (Eng.) Bel. to Marple, anc. Murpull
= (app.) the Moor-Pool [O.E. mdr-\-pul]

But for the old form recorded it would
have been natural to refer the first ele-
ment of this name to the O.E. mdere, ' a
boundary,' as Marple is on the R. Gort,
which there separates the counties of
Chester and Derby.

MARPLES I genit. (or pi.) of Marple, q.v.
2 a corr. form of Maples, q.v.

MARR (Celt.) Bel. to Mar(r (Aberdeensh.),
12th cent. Marr, which the late Whitley
Stokes thought was from a tribal name.

(Eng.) Bel. to Marr (Yorks), 14th cent.
Merre, prob. = the Pool [O.E. mere]

Cp. the Northumbrian dialect - vyord
mar, ' a pool.'

MAR RAT

MARRATT

MARRETT

MARRIAN

MARRIN

MARRION

MARRIOT

MARRIOTT

MARRITT

MARRYAT

MARRYATT

MARYON J

(A. - Fr.-Heb.) dims, of Mary == ?
Bitterness [Heb. Mdrdh; with
the Fr. dim. suffixes -at, -et, -at,
-in, -on]

MARRIAGE (Eng.) doubtless a place-name :
the suff. is prob. for -ridge or -wjich ; the
first element representing either O.E.
mcBre, ' boundary,' or O.E. mere, ' lake.'

But note O.E. mder-hege, 'boundary-
hedge.'

MARRINER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Mariner [Fr. 7nari-
, nier, f. marin, marine; Lat. marin-us]

Marrison

15

Maslin

MARRISON (A.-Heb.) Mary's Son.
Confused with Morrison, q.v.

MARROW (Eng.) Companion, Mate, Lover

[M.E. marwe]
(Celt.) for Morrow, q-v.

MARRSHEng.) Dweller at the Mar(r)s or
MARS J Meres [v. Marr 2]

MARSDEN \ (Eng.) Bel. to Marsden (Lanes,

MARSDIN JYorks, and Durhani) = the

Marsh-Valley [O.E. mersc, a marsh +

denu, a valley]

MARSH (Eng.) Dweller on Low, Wei Land,
a Morass [O.E. mersc]

MARSHAL 1 (A. - Fr. - Taut.) ht. Horse-

MARSHALLJ SERVANT; Farrier; later,

Stew ARD[M..E,.marschdl,marcl!al,marshall,

< etc., O.Fr. maresc{h)al {Fr.marechal, farrier;

field-marshal) ; O.H.Ger. mardscalh —

marah, a horse + sealh (O-H. scealc), a

' servant]

And with that word he gan unto hym calle
■ A squier, that was marchal of his halle.

— Chaucer, Cant. Tales, E 1929-30.

Gentil furent li senescal
Gentil furent li marescal.

— Wace, Rom. de Rou,

5963-

MARSLAND (Eng.) Dweller at 1 the Pool-
Land [O.E. meres, genit. of mere, a pool

f land]
2 the Marsh-Land [O.E. mersc + land]

M ARSON I for Marston, q.v.
2 Mark's Son : v. Mark.

MARSTON (Eng.) Bel, to Marston =1 the-
Pool-Farmstead [O.E. meres, genit. of
mere, a pool + tiin]
2 the Marsh-Farmstead [O.E. mersc

+ ttitt]

MARTEL \ the French Martel — Hammer
MARTELLJ (a nickname, as in the case of ,
Charles Martel) [O.Fr. martel, f Lat.

martul-us]
Robert Martel.— /f«««;. Rolls.

MARTEN (A.-Fr.-Lat.) for Martin, q.v.

(A.-Fr.-Teut.) a nickname from the

, Marten or Weasel [for martern, M.E.

O.Fr. »!ar<n«, of marten's fur; M.E. O.Fr.

martre, L.Lat. (pi.) martures; of Teut.

origin]

MARTIN (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Martian [M.E. O.Fr.
i Martin, Lat. Martin-us ; Lat. Mars, Martis,

the god of war]
(Eng.) Bel. to Martin, for Marten, q.v.

MARTINDALE (Eng.) Bel. to Martindale, for
Martondale : v. Marton, and-|- O.E.dml.

MARTINEAU, v. the Appendix of Foreign
Names [dim. suff. -eau, earlier -el, Lat.

-ell-us]

MARTINET, v. the Appendix of Foreign
Names [dim. suff. -et]

Martin.

MARTINS, Martin's (Son) 1
MARTINSON, Martin's Son J ^'

MARTLAND, for Markland, q.v.

MARTON (Eng.) Bel. to Marton = the Pool-
Farmstead [O.E. mere + tiin]

MARTYN = Martin, q.v.

MARVIN (Eng.) i Sea-Finn [A.-Sax. Merefin—
mere, sea, lake -1- the national name]

2, Famous Finn [A.-Sax. Marfin—mCkre,
famous, glorious]

There has naturally been confusion with
:the next name.

MARWIN (Eng.) i Famous Friend [A.-Sax.

McBrwine — mtkre = O. Sax. O.H.Ger.

mdri, famous -f wine = O.Sax. O.H.Ger.

wini, friend]

2 Sea-Friend IA.-Sax. Merewine— mere,

sea, lake] .

MARWOOD (Eng.) Bel. to Marwodd = i the

Pool-Wood [O.E. mere + wudu]

2 the Boundary- Wood [O.E. mckre .+

wudu]

MARX = Marks, q.v.

MASCALL 1 (A.-Fr.-Teut.) prob. for Marscal
MASCOLLJ (Maresc(h)al), the hard form of
Marshall, q.v.

Gilbert le Marscale.— i/Mnrf. Rolls.

MASH (Eng.) i meton. for Mash-Maker [der.
of O.E. miscian, to mix]
2 for Marsh, q.v.

MASKALL^

MASKELlU. Mascall, &c.

MASKILL I

MASKERY 1

MASKRY japp.forMuskery, q.v.

MASLENl (Fr.) the French Masselin = i a :
MASLIN J double dim. f. Mass{e, =f (a) a

dim. of Thomas, q.v. (b) a dim. of Maxime,

Lat. Maximus, ' greatest.'

2 an assira. form of Marcelin, a dim. f.
Lat. Marc-US : v. Marki. 1

Mason

i6

Maudesley

(Eng.) melon, for (i) Maker or Seller

of Maslins . [M.E. maselin, maselyn, a

, goblet or bowl,' sometimes made of muslin

. (a mixed metal like brass), but generally

of maple-wood: O.'E. mces(t)ling, mmslen,.

a kind of brass, a metal vessel]

2 Worker in Maslin, a kind of brfj-ss
[see above]

They fette [fetched] hym first the

1 sweet e wyn
And mede eek in a maselyn.

— Chaucer, Ca«<. Tafej, B 2041-2.

Nor brass, nor copper, nor mastlin, npr
mineral. — Lingua, O.Pl., v. 192 ; T.Wright.

MASON (A.-Fr.-Teut.) [O.Fr. masson (Fr.'
mafon), of Teut. orig.]

This name may also be for Mayson, q.v.

MASSER (Eng.) i Merchant [O.E. massere]

2 Mass-Priest [O.E. mcessere]
MASSEY ^ (Fr.) 1 Bel. to Mac6, Mtcey, or
MASSIE )■ Massy (villages in Normandy) =
MASSY ) Matheus's Estate [La t. Ma^Az-

acum; -dc-um being the Lat. form of the
Gaul. poss. suff. -dc-os]

A de Mad ocpnrs in the list of ' Com-
pagnons de Guillaume a la Conquete de
I'Angleterre en MLXVI ' graven over the
main doorway (inside) of the old Church
at Dives.

2 a contr. form (Ma€^,'Macey) oiMatthieu
= Matthew, q.v.

MASSINGER for Messenger, q.v.

MASSINGHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Massingham
(Norf61k), 13th cent. Massingham and
Messingham = the Home of the M^ssa

, Family [A.-Sax. Massingahdm inga,

■ genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing + kdm, home]

MASSON (Fr.) i = Mason, q.v.

2 a dim. f. Mass(e: v. under Maslin.

MASTERMAN (Eng.) Master's Man or
Servant. ,

MASTERS (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the

Master's (Son)
MASTERSON (A.-Fr.-Lat.)

the Master's Son

[M.E; maister,
O.Ft. maistre,
Lat. magister]

MATES prob. = Matts, q.v.

MATHER (Eng.) i Movjter [O.E. mck'Sere] .

2 Power-Army [A.-Sax. Mcethhere —
m(B% power, capacity, rank, reverence -f

here, army]
MATHERS, Mather's (Son) ■[„ r. ..
MATHERSON, Mather's Son ;^- "^atner.

MATHESON for Matthewson, q.v.

Prob. occ. also for Matherson, q.v..

In theNorth Highlands AfaMe50« is used
as a translation of Macmahon, q.v.

MATHEW = Matthew, q.v.
MATHEWS = Matthews, q.v.

MATH IAS, V. Matthew. Mathias is also a
Continental Teut. form.

MATHIESON, 1 for Matthewson, q.v.
MATHISON, I Prob. occ. also for Mather-
son, q.v.

MATHWIN (Eng.) Power -Friend [A.-Sax.

Mathwine — v. under Mather 2, and -|-

O.E. wine = O.Sax. O.H.Ger. zt)i«i=O.N.

vin-r, friend],

MATKIN, a double dim. of Matthew, q.v.

MATKINS, Matkin's (Son) 1 ..

MATKINSON, Matkin's SoN J ' "vatKin.

MATLAND = Maitland, q.v.

MATSON, Mat(t)'s Son; v. Matt.

MATT, a dim. of Matthew, q.v.

MATTERSON = Matherson, q.v.

MATTEY ^

MATTAY }■ forms of Matthew, q.v.

MATTHEY j

MATTHEW (A. - Lat. -Gr. -Heb.) Gift of
Jehovah [Lat. Matthaus, Matthias, Gr.
MarSaios, MarBlas, Heb. Mattathidh —
mattath, a gift -f ydh, abbrev. of Jehdvdhi

Mat(t)hew is used as an Anglicization
of Mahon, q.v.

MATTHEWS, Matthew's (Son) \ v.
MATTHEWSON,Matthew'sSon; Matthew

MATTHIAS, V. Matthew.

MATTINSON 1 for Matthewson a V
MATTISON I '""^ "viaxtnewson, q.v.

MATTOCK for Maddock, q.v.

MATTOCKS for Maddocks, q.v.

MATTS, Matt's (Son) 1^ „.^
MATTSON, Matt's Son / '"^"■

MAUD \ dims, of Matilda: v. under
MAUDE J Malkin ante.

MAUDESLEY%

MAUDSLAY [v. Mawd(e)sley.

MAUDSLEY >

Mauger

17

Mayor

MAUGER (Fr.-Teut.) a French descendant

of the O.Ger. Madelger r=CovHcih-SPEAR

[the Cont. Teut. cognate of O.K.

mojSel, speech, council, etc. + O.Sax.

O.H.Ger. g4r, a spear]

MAUGHAN = Mahon, q.v.
MAUL \ I Bel. to Maule (Seine-et-Oise)
MAULE[ 2 for Ma?/, a dim. of Matilda, also
MAULL ' of Mary : v. Malkin.

3 poss. also representing the A.-Sax.
male pers. name Moll: v. MolJ.

MAUND, meton. for Maunder<, q.v.

MAUNDER (Eng.) Maker of Maunds (Bas-
kets) [O.E. mand, a basket + the agent.

suff. -ere]

(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Beggar [f M.E. maundee,
'the washing of the disciples' feet'; O.Fr.
mande ; L.Lat. mandat-um, the foot-wash-
ing; Lat. mandare, to command]

The divill (like a brave maunder) was

rid a-begging himselfe, and wanted money.

— Search for Money, A.D. 1609.

MAUNDERS, Maunder's (Son) "1 v.
MAUNDERSON, Maunder's Son j Maunder

MAUNSELL = Mansell, q.v.

MAURICE (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) Moorish; Dark
[Lat. Mauritius — Maurus, Gr. MaCpos, a

Moor]

Serl fil. Morice.—Hund Rolls.

Mauricius Capellanus.^/Vzt Soils.

In Ireland, Morris or Morrish has often
been adopted as a simplified substitute
for such native names as Muirgheas (v.
Morrissey) and Moriarty, q.v.

MAW (Eng.) I Dweller at the Maw or Mow
[O.E. miiga, a mow]

William de la Mawe. — Hund. Rolls.

2 Man, Warrior ; Son, Kinsman
[O.E. magu]

MAWDESLEY ) (Eng.) Bel. to Mawdesley
MAWDSLEY ) (Lanes) = Maud's orMouD's
Lea [M.'E. ley, O.'E. leak]

Hugh de Moudesley. —

Lane. Inq., A.D. 1293.
Thomas de Maudesley. —

Lane. Fines, A.D. 1398,

MAWDITT (Fr.-Lat.) the French Mauduit =

Naughty, lit. Badly Conducted [Fr.

. mal, Lat. male^ badly -(- Fr. duit, pp. of

duire, Lat. ducere, to lead]

MAWER (Eng.) Mower [f. O.E. mdwan, to

mow]

MAWSON (Eng.) Maw's Son : v. Maw, esp.^

(Teut.) Maud's Son: v. Maud.

(Heb. -I- Eng.) for Mary's Son : Mary
= ' Bitterness ' [Heb. mdrdK\

MAXIM (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Greatest [Fr. Maxinte,
Lat. Maxim-us; superl.oC magnus, great]

MAXTON (Eng. or Celt. -|- Eng.) Bel. to
Maxton = Maccus' Estate [A.-Sax.

Maccus-iiin]

MAXWELL (Eng. or Celt. + Eng.) Dweller

at Maccus' Spring or Pool [A.-Sax.

Maeeus-w(i)elle]

.iElfere and Maecus, liiddige twegen
[brave twain]. —

The Battle of Maldon (A.D. 993), 80.

MAY \ (Eng.) I Man.'Warrior ; Kinsman,
MAYE J Son [M.E. may, O.E. mdga, m(!e(c)g]

Byrhtn6Ses mceg. —

The Battle of Maldon, 1 14-

2 Young Girl, Maid [ME. mat, may,
O.E. mckg{\>]

That has na barn, ne mai ne knave. —
Cursor Mundi, 12067.

Thow glorie of wommanhede, thow
faire may. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, B 851.
(A.-Heb.) dims, of Matthew, q.v. ; also
of Mary [Heb. Mardh, bitterness]

MiVFi'i'l= Mayhall, q.v.; cp. also Mlall.

MAYBRICK (Fr.-Lat. -I- Eng.) Dweller at

(prob.) the MAY(-Tree) Breck [Fr. Mai,

Lat. Mai-US, month of May -f- Prov. t.

breek, a heath, sheep-walk]

MAYBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Maybury = the

Tribal or National Hill [O.E. mdegS,

tribe, nation, province -\- beorg, hill]

MAYCOCK = May (q.v.) -|- the E. pet suff.
-cock.

Also a term for an effeminate man, a
milksop —

He sholde be no cowarde, no mayeoeke.
—Pilgr. Perf., A.D. 1526; N.E.D.

Cp. Meacock.

MAYCOX, Maycock's (Son) : v, Mayoock.

MAYER 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Mayor [M.E. meir{e,

MAYOR J myre, maire, Fr. maire, mayetir,

maieur, Lat. major, compar. of magnus,

great]
David le Meir. — Hund. Rolls.

John le Myre.— Hac. Dom. Cap. Westm.

Mayers

l8

Meears

And namel)^ ye maistres
Metres and jugges [judges]
That have the welthe of this world.^
Piers Plowman, 4866-8.

This name is occ. an Anglicized form of
the corresponding German Meyer, which
see in the appendix of Foreign Names.

MAYERS, Mayer's (Son) : v. Mayer.

MAYES, May(e)'s (Son) : v. May(e.

MAYGER, a var. of Meager and Meagher,
q.v.

MAYHALL(Eng.)Bel. to Maghull (S.W. Lanes),

13th cent. Mahalie = the Tribal or

National Hill [O.E.mcfe^, tribe, nation,

province + hal(h, a slope, hill, corner]

(A.-Heb.) a form taken by Michael, q.v.

MAYHEW, an A.-Fr. form of Matthew, q.v.
Robert Mahe-n.—Hund. Rolls.
The present day French forms are
Maheu and Mahieu.

MAYHOW for Mayhew, q.v.

MAYKIN = May (q.v.) + the E. dim. suff
-kin.

MAYLE = Male, q.v.

MAYLER I (Celt.) the Shaven One, Monk,
MAYLOR J Disciple \lr. Maelir,Maolir-mael,
maol + the pers. suff. -ir{e'\
Maelir mac Maelir. —

Annals of the P.M., A.D. 1205.

MAYNARD (A. - Fr. - Teut.) Power -Brave
\0. T ent. Meginhard, etc. — O.Sax. megin =
O. E. mmgen = O.H.Ger. megin=O.N.megtn,
main, power, strength+0.Sax.}iard=O.K.
h(e)ard = O.H.Ger. hart = O.N. har%-r,
hard, brave]

MAYNE - Main(e, q.v.

MAYO (A.-Fr-Heb.) for Mayhew, q.v".

(Celt.) Bel. to Mayo = the Plain of
the Yews [Ir. Magh-ed]

MAYOR, v. Mayer.

MAYSON, May's Son : v. May.

Cp, Mason'.

MEACHEN,

MEAGHIN [v. Mao Meeohan.

MEGHAN I

MEAGHER I Sneak, Petty Thief [E.M.E,
MEECHEr] muchare, later mycher, micher]

M EACOCK (Eng.) Effeminate Man,Coward,

Milksop [prob. f. O.E. mckg, woman,

' maiden ; with the E. pet suff. -cock]

Shee found fault with him because he
was a meacocke and a milkesoppe.^-
Tarhon, Newes out of Purgatorie, A.D. 1590.

Cp. Maycock.

MEAD \ (Eng.) Dweller at a Meadow [O.E.

MEADE J meed']

Robert atte Mede.— Pari. Writs.

MEADER (Eng.) i = Mead (q.v.)-l-the agent,
suff. -er.

2 Mower ' [O.E. mm^ere]

The meader walks forth with his scythe
on his shoulder. —

Old Ballad, Notes and Q., 1854, X.480

MEADOWS (Eng.) Dweller at the Grass-
Lands [O.E. moedwe, dat. of meed, a

meadow]

MEADS (Eng.) pi, or genit., of Mead, q.v.

MEAGER (Eng. or A.-Fr.-Lat.) Lean, Thin,

Meagre [M.E. megre, O.Fr. maigre, Lat.

macer, lean : cp. O.E. mceger= O.N. magr=

Ger. mager, lean]

Hugh le Megre. — Pari. Writs.

I am megre and have ben longe seke
[sick]. — Morte d' Arthur, X. Ixxxvii.

(Celt.) for Meagher = Maher, q.v.

MEAGh

. V. Maher.

of French orig.] MEEARS

3HER1 ,
MEAKER J
MEAKIN I for Makin, q.v.

2 for Mac Meakin, &c.

3 =?Meek(e (q.v.) -f- the dim. suff. -kin.

MEAkIns^} ^^eakin's (Son) : v. Meakin.

MEAL (Celt.) Dweller at a Little Round
M EALE I Hill [Gael, and Ir. meall]

MEALL)(Scand.) Dweller at a Sandhill

[O.N. mel-r]
MEALEY, V. O'Melly or O'Malley.

MEALOR, a var. of Maylor, q.v.

MEAN (Celt.) Little [Ir. min = Gael, mion]

MEAR (Eng.) Dweller at a Mere [O.E. mere,':

a pool] '
(Celt.) Merry, Joy^ous [Gael, and Ir. '

mear]
(A.-Fr.-Lat.) a form of Mayer, q.v.

MEARES,

MEARS tpl., orgenit., of Mear, q.v,

MEEARSi

Mearns

19

Mellor

MEARNS (Celt.)Bel.to i Mearns (Kincardine),
c. 1 200 Moerne, ace. to Sir H. Maxwell
(' Scot. Land-Names', p. 58) representing
Gael. Magh Girginn, ' the Plain of Cirig '.

2 Mearns (Glasgow), 12th cent. MeomSi
Memis, &c.,sugfiAo represent Gael. Magh
Edma, ' field of barley ' ; with Eng. pi. -4-
stiff.

MEATYARD = Meteyard, q.v.

MECKLE = Miokle, q.v.

MECREDY = Mac Creadie, q.v.

MEDCALF (Eng.)? Mad or Silly Calf (nick-
name for a frisky individual) [O.E.
ge)mdRdd, foolish, mad + t;{e)alf]
Bardsley, however, thinks that this is a
corruption of the next name.

MEDCRAFT (Eng.) Dweller at a Meadow-
Croft [O.E. mdsd +. croft']

-MEDD = Mead, q.v.

Philip atte Medde.— PaW. Writs-

MEDDOWS = Meadows, q.v.

MEDHURST (Eng.) Dweller at the Meadow-
Wood [O.E. m^d + hyrst. a wood]

MEDLAND (Eng.) Dweller at the Meadow-
Land [O.E. mckd + land]

,'MEDLEY i(Eng.) Bel. to Medley = i the
.' Meadow-Field [O.E. mdkd + ledh, a field]

' 2 (for Midley) the Middle Lea [O.E.

midd -t- ledh]

:MEDWAY (Celt.) Dweller by the R. Medway

[the second element is prob. the Wei.

. - , , g)'!«yt water]

MEDWIN (Teut. ) the O.Teut. Madwiv,
Medwin — *mdd,*med = O.E. md'S, power,
reverence, etc. -|- win- [O.Sax. O.H.Ger.
wini = O.E. wine = O.N. uin-r, a friend]

MEE (Eng.) a var. of May, q.v. [O.E. mde{c)g]
(Celt:) abbrev. of Mac Namee, q.v., or
: Mac Meechan, q.v.

MEECH(Eng.) a palatalized form of Meek(e,
q.v.

(A.-Fr.-Lat.) perh. meton. for Maker

or Seller of Wick [A.-Fr wi^cfe, Er. meche.

Lat. myx-us, wick]

MEEHAN, V. Mac Meehan.

MEEK j Mild, Humble [M.E. meke, meoc,
MEEKES O.N. »;j«A-r, soft, meek]

Robert le Meke.— Ca/, Inq. P.M.

MEEKI
MEEKI

j^ jfor Meakin, q.v.

MEEKS, Meek's (Son) : v. Meek.
1 = M6ap(e)s, q.v.

JRNE] (Eng.) Bel. to Melbourne =
?N 1 (prob.) the Mill - Brook

MEERES
MEERS

MEES, MEE's(Son)\
MEESON, Mee's Son j^' ""®^'

MEGGS, Meg(g)'s (Son) ^ Megg, a var.
MEGGSONT MFrM'q Son \ "^ ^'^Sg ■ v.
MEGSON I ™^°(°' ^ ^™ ) Maggs

MEGGY, a double dim. oi Margaret : v. Maggs

, MEGILLfor Mao Gill, q.v.

MEGINN for Mac Ginn, q.v.

MEHEW = Mayhewt q.v.

MEIKLE = Mickle, q.v.
MEIKLEJOHN = Micklejohn, q.v.

MELBOUF
MELBURN

[O.E. myln + burne]

Lord Melbourne, aft-er whom the capital
of Victoria was called, took his title from
the Derbyshire Melbourne.

MELDON (Eng.) Bel. to Meldon = (prob. )
the MlLL-HiLL [O.E. myln, a mill + diin,
a down, hill]
(Ir.) for Muldoon, q.v.

MELDRUM (Celt.) Dweller by the Bare

Ridge [Gael, tnael, maol, bald, bare -1-

druim, a ridge]

MELHUISH (Eng.) Bel. to Melhuish = (prob.)
the MiLL-HuiSH [O.E. myln, a mill, : v.

Huish]
MELLADEW (Eng.) Honeydew, Nectar
[O.E. mele-dedw]
MELLERfor Miller, q.v.
MELLIN for Malin, q.v., and Melling, q.v.

M E LLI N G (Eng.) Bel. to Melling = (the Settle-
men t of) the M/EL- Tribe [Domesday
Melinge ; A.-Sax. * Mi^lingas — mdsl, a
SWORD, also talk, speech -I- the pi. (dat.
pi. -ing-um) of the fil. suff. -ing]

M ELLIS (Celt. + Heb.) Servant or Disciple
OF Jesus , [Gael. Mael losa]

MELLISH (Celt. -|- Heb.) v. Mellls,

(Eng.) an assim. form of Melhuish, q.v.

MELLOR (Eng.) i for Miller, q.v.

2 Bel. to Mellor = ? the Mill-Bank
[M.E. melle, O.E. myln, a mill ; O.E. dra, a

bank]

Mellville

20

Merridoch

MELLVILLE) (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Malleville in

MELVILL [ Normandy = the Bad Estate

MELVILLE 1 [Fr. malle, Lat. mala, bad +'

Fr. ville, Lat. villa, estate]

A de Malleville occurs in the list of
"Compagnons de Guillaume ala Conqu6te
de I'Angleterre en MLXVI " graven over
the main doorway (inside) of the old
church at Dives, Calvados. But Lord
Melville took his title from Melville in
Midlothian, the fief of a Norman in the
time of David I, which in the thirteenth
century we find as Malavilla.

MELLY, V. O'Melly.

MELONE = Malone, q.v.

MELROSE (Celt.) Bel. to Melrose = the Bare
Peninsula or Headland [Gael, maol,

bare + ros]

MELSON, app. Male's Son : v. Male.
MELTON (Eng.) Bel. to Melton for Milton =

1 the Mill-Stead [O.E. myln + tun]

2 the Middle Farm [O.E. middel+tun\

MENCE (Teut.-Lat.) a dim. of Lat. Clemens'
V. Clement.

MENDEL Iv. the Appendix of Foreign
MENDELLJ Names.

MEN DOZA.v. the Appendix of Foreign Names.

MENLOVE for Manlove, q.v.

MENNELL (Fr.-Lat.) Member of a Nobleman's

Household or Retinue ; a Retainer

[O.Fr. mesnil, L.Lat. mansionilis, dim. of

Lat. mansio, -onis, an abode, habitation]

Mesnil 6tait originairement le nom que
r on donnait au domaine rural d' un per-
sonnage notable, et sur lequel il rSsidait
habituellement avec sa famille et ses
tenanciers. —

Moisy, Noms de Fam. Norm., p. 322.

Cp. Mennle.

MENNIE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Member of a Noble-
man's Household or Retinue ; a Re-
tainer [M.E. meynee, meiny, menye, a
household, retinue ; O.F. meisnee, mesnie,
etc., a family; L.Lat. maisnada, mansnada,
a family ; f. Lat. mansio, -onis, an abode,
, habitation]
Sir Myrthe cometh into this place,
And eke with hym cometh his meynee.
That lyven in lust and jolite. —

Chancer, Rom. of the Rose, 6i4r6.

Cp. Mennell.

MENTEITH (Celt.) Bel. to Menteith = the
Moor of the (River) Teith [Gael.
Monadh Teid]'

MENZIES, Scot, (genit.) form of Mennle, q.v.

Before all the menzie, and in her moment
of power, the Queen humbled lier to the
dust by taxing her with her shame. —

Scott, The Abbot, XXXL

The e in this name represents the M.E.
3 = y.

MERCER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Storekeeper; Haber-
dasher, Draper [M.E. mercer, Fr. mercieti
L.Lat. mercerius, trader ; Lat. merx, mercis,

merchandise},

Ketel le Mercer.— if M«i. Rolls.

MEREDITH (Celt.) the O.Welsh Maredud{d
{dd=th [ ? the Mod. VVel. marmddydd,',
' mortal day ' — marw, mortal ; dydd, day] ;

Maredud ap Ywein. — ''

[Meredith son of Owain]

Bruty Tywysogion, A.D. 985.

Maredud ab Grufud. —
[Meredith son of Griffith]

do. do. A.D.

1270.

Madawc the son oi Mareduddpoasesse&ii
Powys within its boundaries, from Por-
foed to Gwauan in the uplands of
Arwystli. — 'The Dream of Rhonabwy:'
Mdbinogion, tr. Guest.

MERISON "1 1 Merry's Son : v. Merry.
MERRISON J 2 Merrick's Son: v. Merrick.

3 Mary's Son.

MERRELLj the French Merel, Meriel [the
MERRILL J stem may be the O.Teut. *»!^r-,;
tamous (Goth, m^r-s = O.H.Ger. mdri—
M.H.Ger. mcere—= O.E. mcere); or the
O.H.Ger. meri (mod. meer) = O.Sax. meri
= O.E. mere,.sea., ocean; or Celtic, — |- the
dim. suff. -el, Lat. -ell-us]

MERRET [the French A/er^f [the stem is

MERRETT ) the sameas in Merrell (q.v.) +

the dim. sufi. -et]

MERRICK, an aphseresized form of Almeric,
q.v.

MERRICKS, Merrick's (Son) :v. Merrick.

MERRIDEW, prob. for the French M^re de
Dieu, from dwelling by an effigy of the
' Mother of God.'

Cp. Pardew for the Fr. Pardieu.

Hardly for Meredith.

MERRIDOCH = Murdoch, q.v.

21

Merriman

Meyler

MERRIMAN \ (Eng.) GAyFELLow[v. Merry,
MERRYMAN J and + man]

MlRmTTJf- "««•"•-*(*' q.v.

MERRY (Eng.) Gay, Blithe, Pleasant [M.E.

merie, mine, &c., O.E. myrige]

(A.-Fr.-Teut.) the French Mer(r)y, L.Lat.

Medericus, O.Teut. Medric [v. under

Med win, and + O.Teut. -n'c (mod. -rich),

ruler]

MERRYWEATHER (Eng.) a nickname for a

Gay or Blithe Fellow [v. Merry, and

+ O.E. weder, weather]

Andrew Meriweder. — Hund. Rolls.

Merryweather was formerly an idiomatic

phrase for joy, pleasure, or delight. —

Halliwell, Diet.

MERSER = Mercer, q.v.

MERSH = Marsh, q.v.

MERTON (Eng.) Bel. to Merton = the Mere-
Farmstead [O.E mere, a pool + frfw]

MERYETT, the French MMet: v. Merret(t.

MERYON, the French Marion: v. under
Merrell and + the dim. suff. -on.

MESH AM ] (Eng.) Bel. to Mesham or Mas-

MESSHAM J ham = prob. M.«:(c)g's Home

or Estate [genit. of O.E. mde{c)g, man,

warrior, son + hdm\

MESKELL = Mascall, q.v.

MESNY r ^''^"'^^ forms of Mennie, q.v.

MESSENGER 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Message-Bear-

MESSINQER J ERiFoRERUNNERfwithintrus.

» : M.E. and Fr. messager; f. Fri message,

L.Lat. missaticum, message ; Lat. missus,

p.p. of mittere, to send]

MESSENT, app. the mod. French messeant,

'unseemly,' unbecoming' [Fr. »?«-, Lat.

minus, compar. oi parvus, little +,a deriv.

of Lat. sedere, to sit]

MESSER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Master, Sir, Squire

\0.7x.messerioTmessire — mes,'Ls.t. metis,

my -|- sire, Lat. senior']

Messer, vieux mot pour messire: La
Fontaine I'afr^quemment appliqu6 k des
animeaux, et mSme a I'estomac, qu'il a
appe]6 messer Gaster- —

Stappers, Diet. d'Etym. Fratif., p. 606.

2 Field- Keeper, Harvestman [Fr.
messier, L.Lat. messarius ; f. Lat. messis,
harvest : cp. Lat. messor, a reaper, mower]

John le Messer. — Hund. Rolls.

3 a (Scot.) var. of Macer = Mace-
Bearer [O.Fr. maissier, massier]

Ane messer or uthir officiar of armes. — "
Reg. Pr. CclScot, A.D. 1550.

4 Purveyor (esp. of meat) [f. M.E.
messe, O.Fr. mes (mod. mets), a dish o f
meat ; ult. t. Lat. mittere, missum, to send]

In the iSth cent. Messers and Salters
are mentioned together.

METCALF
METCALFE

for Medcalf, q.v.

METEYARD (Eng.) meton. for a Surveyor

[M.E. mete-yard, a measuring rod — O.E,

metan, to measure ; gyrd, gerd, rod]

METHUEN \ (Celt.) Bel. to Methven (Perth),
METHVEN j i^th cent. Methphen [the second

element is prob. the Gael, abhuinn (pr.

aven), river (Almond); the first is doubtful,
perh. Gael, maoth, smooth]

Methven is also the name of a tributary
of the Clyde.

MEW (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at the Falcons',

or the Fowls', Place [M.E. meviie, mew ;

O.Fr. mue, a mew, a moulting ; O.Fr.

muer, Lat. mutare, to change]

Ful many a fat partrich hadde he in
mewe. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 349.

She findes forth comming from her
darksome mew,

Where she all day did hide her hated
hew. — Spenser, Faerie Queene, Lv. 20.

(Eng.) a nickname from the Goix
[O.E. mdzw, a sea-gull]

John le Mew. — Close Rolls, A.D. 1292.
MEWS, pi., or genit., of Mew, q.v.

!^|:^,}v.May(e.

MEYLER (Celt.) i a var. of Mayler, q.v.

2 a Welsh surname of app. mixed
origin [cp. O.Wel. meiliwr, a transgressor;
Wei. maeliwr, a trader ; also Wei. milwr,

a soldier]

Milwyr Ynys Prydein. —

' Kulhwch ac Olwen': Mabinogion.

Gronw a Ridit a Meilyr meibon Owein
ab Edwin. —

[Goronwy, Rhirid, and Meilyr, the sons
of Owain son of Edwin]

Bruty Tywysogion, A.D. 1122.

22

Meynell

Miles

Metier et Ivor. —

Annates Canibrite, A.D. 1170.

Nicholas ap Meyler, A.D. 1222. —

Hist. St. David's.

MEYNELL, V. Menneil.

MEYNPRICE for Mainprise, q.v.

And he amendes mowe [may] make,
Lat [let] meynprise hym have. —

Piers Plowman, 2257-8.

MEYRICK, V. Merrick.

MIALL, a syncopated form of Michaei, q.v.

MICHAEL (A.-Heb.) Who is Like to God ?

[Heb. Mikhail -mi, who? + k,' like +

■El, God]

MICHAELS, Michael's (Son) "I . ^.. i, ,
MICHAELSON, MiCHAEL'sSoN / ^- IVlichael.

MICHEL IMcAe/isthe A.-French form of
MICHELLJ Michael, q.v.

Walter Michel.— /fM«rf. Rolls.

MICHELS, Michel's (Son) : V. Michel.

MICHIE, a Scot, double dim. of IVIJchael, q.v.

MICHOLS = Michaels, q.v.

MICKELl (Eng. and Scand.) Big, Great
MICKLE f [O.E. micel = O.N. mikilf]

For the eldridge knighte, so mickle of
mighte. — Sir Cauline, 63.

MICKLEJOHN (Teut.-Heb.) Big John [O.E.
micel = O.N. mikill, big + John, q.v.]

M ICKLEM for Mickleham (Eng.) Dweller at the

Big Enclosure [O.E. jB!c?;, big + ham{m,

apiece of land, enclosure]

The Surrey Mickleham occurs in
Domesday Book as Micleham.

MICKLEWRIGHT (Eng.) the Big Wright
(Worker) [O.E. micel + wyrkta]

MICKLETHWAIT ] (Scand.) Bel. to Mickle-

MICKLETHWAITE/thwaite (Yorks, Cumb.)

= the Big Clearing [O.N. mikill, big +

yueit, a clearing]

MIDDLEHURST (Eng.) Bel. to Middlehurst

= the Middle Copse or Wood [O.E.

middel + hyrsi\

MIDDLEMASS ] for Michaelmas (Eng.) One

MIDDLEMISS J born on 29TH September

[M.E. michelmesse, mighelmesse, &c. : v.

Michael and + O.E. meesse']

MIDDLETON (Eng.) Bel. to Middleton = the
Middle Farmstead [O.E. middel + tun'\

MIDDLEWICK \ (Eng.) Dweller at the MlD-
MIDDLEWEEK/dle Place [O.E. middel +

OTC]

MIDGLEY] (Eng.) Dweller at the Big Lea
MIDGLY J [O.E. micel + leak (M.E. ley"]
This is the palatal form of the equiva-
lent guttural Mickley.

MIDWINTER (Eng.) born at Christmas

[M.E. midewinter, midewynter, Christmas ;

O.E. mid-winter\

Gonnilda Midewynter. — Hund. Rolls.

MIELL, a syncopated form of Michael, q.v.

MIER, V. Meyer.

MIGHELL
M

MILBANK 1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Mill-
MILLBANK J Bank [M.E. mille + banke]

IGHkIl'}^^''®' °^ IVIiohael, q.v.

MILBORN
MILBOURN
MILBOURNE
MILBURN

(Eng.) Dweller by the Mill-
Stream [O.E. myl{e)n +
burne]

MILDMAY(Eng.) Mild Maid (a nickname)

[M.E. mild(e, O.E. milde, gentle, mild + ,

M.E. may, O.E. mckgQ-]

MILDRED (Eng.) i Mild Counsel [A.Sax.
Mildred (masc.) — milde, mild -|- rdkd,

counsel]

Her Mildred bisceop forSferde.

(In this year Bishop Mildred [of Wor-
cester] died). — A.-Sax. Chron-, A.D. 772.

2 Mild Strength [used for the A.-Sax.
Mild]>ry\> (iem.) — milde + J'ryl']

Saint Mildred or Mildthryth was,
abbess of a nunnery at Minster in the
Isle of Thanet at the end of the 7th
century.

MILES I f. the classical Milo, with the Eng.

genit. -5 suffix. [Lat. Milo{n, Gr. M(Xu»;

prob. rel. to Gr. fiiSWa, to mill, crush]

Milo occurs in Domesday Book as the
name of a Norman landholder ; and
afterwards we find

Milo le Mssset.— Hund. Rolls.

Milo Basset. — Plac. de quo Warr.

2 the Latin Miles (= Soldier), used in
the Middle Ages as a title.

Ego Godricus miles. —

Chart. Edw. Conf., A.D. 1066.

Mileson

23

Milman

Wychard miles.^Hund. Rolls.

• • . a good knyght : his name was '
Mylis. — Morte d' Arthur, I. xxi.

3 adopted as an Eng. representative of
the Irish Maelmordha = Noble Disciple
[Ir. mael, maol, disciple + mordha, noble]

MILESON, Miles' Son : v. Miles.

MILFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Milford = the Ford
by the Mill [v. under Mill, and + O.E.

ford]
Adam de Milford.— i/wwrf. Rolls.

MILL (Eng.) Dweller at or by a Mill [M.E.

mill{e, for earlier miln{e, melnCe, myln{e,

O.t. myl{e)n\

Roger atte MiWe.—Hund. Rolls.

_ (Fr.),the French Mille = i an aphrere-

sized form oiEmile, formerly also written >

Emille ; Lat. Mmili-us [prob. rel. to Gr.

aifjiiX-os, flattering, winning, wily]

2 Milo : V. iinder Miles.

MILLAN IV. Mac Millan.

2 the French Millan (also Milhan), an
abbrev. form of Emilian (Emilien), the
Latin Mmilian-us, t. JEmili-us: v. Mill
(Fr.)

MILLAR for Millen, q.v.

MILLARD (Fr.) Jhe French Mille (v. Mill

(Fr.) + the dim. suff. -ard [Teut. hard]

(Eng.) an assim. form of Mil I ward, q.v.

MILLBANK (Ens;.) Dweller at the Mill-Bank
[v. under Mill and Bank]

M|LLBOURN(E (Eng.) Dweller at the Mill-
Stream [O.E. myl{e)n + bume]

MILLEN 1 I a var. of Millan, q.v.
MILLIN ) 2 an Anglicization of the German
Miihlen (Mills)

MILLER (Eng.) Corn-Grinder [M.E. millere,

mellere, for earlier milner(e, mylner(e; f.

O.E. myl{e)n, a mill]

See Milner.
MILLERSON, (the) Miller's Son.

JJj!-!-^!]^ Vthe French Mille (v. Mill (Fr.) f
M I LLOT J '"'^ ^''"- ^^^- '^'' ■"'■
Roger MiWot—Hund. Rolls.

MILLHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at the Mill-
House [O.E. myl{e)n -1- hiis]

MILLICAN ) (Celt.) for the Irish 0'Maoil{e)a-
MILLIGAN cdin, 0'Maoil{e)agdin, Grandson
MILLIKEN or Descendant of Maolacan,
MILLIKIN '' MAOLAGAN = the Little Bald or

Shaven One, Monk, Disciple [Ir.

maol, bald, &c. -|- the double dim. suff.
-ac-dn, (for -oc-dn,) -ag-dn (for -6g-dn]

MILLICENT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the common I^'rench
Milcent, Milsent, Milsant = Thousand
Saints [Lat. de Mille Sanctis] ,

Cp. Toussaint ( All Saints ), also a
common French surname and masc.
christian name, and a Norman (Seine-
Infgrieure) place-name.

The A.-Fr. fern, christian name Milli-
ce»f (which, has been confused with the
above masc. name), earlier Melicent,
Melisant, is app. for the O.Teut. Amala-
swinth [amal{ao{ uncertain orig. .swintfi,
strong, as in Goth. smin]>-s = O.H.Ger.
-swind = O.-Sax. swi^i = A.-Sax. swtS]

MILLINER for Milner, q.v.

MILLINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to MiUington = i
the Estate of the Mil(l)- Family
[A.-Sax. *Mil(J)inga-tun-inga, genit pi.
of the fil. suff. -ing ; tiin, estate, farmstead,

&c.]
2 the Mill Enclosure or Farmstead ^
[O.E. mylen + ttin]

The Cheshire MiUington occurs in the
14th cent, as Mulynton.

MILLMAN (Eng.) the Mill-Man; Miller
[O.E. myl(e)n + man(n]

MILLMOREl (Celt.) Dwellers at the W
MILMORE /Hill [Gael, meall, a hill -j-

mdr, big}

MILLN
MILLNE

[ = Milne, q.v.
MILLNER = Milner, q.v.

MILLNS = Milnes, q.v.
MILLROY, V. Milroy,

MILLS (Eng.) i One living at or by Corn-
Mills.

2 Mill's (Son) : v. Mill.
MILLSON, Mill's SoN : v. Mill.

MILLWARD, V. Mllward.

MILMAN (Eng.) the Mill-Man; Miller
[O.E. myl(e)n + man{n'\

Milne

24

Minter

MILNE (Eng.) One living at or by a Corn-
Mill [M.E. miln(e, metn{e, myln{e, O.K.
myl{e)n, a mill]

Thomas atte Milne. — Cal. Inq. P.M.

John atte Melne. — Hund. Rolls.

As don [do] these rokkes or these
milne stones. —

Chaucer, Trail. & Cris., ii. 1384.

MILNER (Eng.) Corn-Miller : v. Miller.
Alan le Milner.— Cal. Rot. Orig.
William le Melner — Pari. Writs.
Munde the mylnere. —

Piers Plowman, iii. 113.

This name = the French Meunier

[O.Fr. molinier'lfGerma.n MuUer [O.H.Ger.

mulindri], all being ultimately from Latin

mola, a mill.

milnI^I P'- ^""^ s^°''- °^ '^""^' I-'-

MILROY(Celt.) their. O'Maoilruaidh, Descen-
dant as Maolruadh = the Red
Disciple [maol, shaven one, monk,
disciple -h ruadh, red]

MILSOM for Milson = Mlllson, q.v.

MILSON = Mlllson, q.v.

' MILSTED (Eng.) Bel. to Milsted = i the
Mill-Stead [O.E. myl{e)n -f stede, a

place]
2 the Middle Stead [O.E. middet]

MILTHORP(E (Eng. or Scand.) Bel. to
Milthorpe, Milnthorpe = the Mill- Village
[O.E. mylen = 0.1^. mylna, mill -|- O.E. and

O.N. ^orp\

MILTON (Eng.) Bel. to Milton = i the Mill

Enclosure or Farmstead [O.E. myl{e)n

-f to'«]
Milton, Kent, was Mylentun in A.D. 822.
2 the Middle Enclosure or Farm-
stead [O.E. middel]

Milton Abbas was formerly Middleton;
and Great Milton, Oxon, occurs in
Domesday Book as Midelton.

MILWARD (EngJ Mill-Keeper, Miller

[M.E. millie, O.E. myl{e)n + M.E. ward,

O.E. w{e)ard, keeper]

Robert le Milleward.— /fwwd. Rolls.

MINCH (A.-Lat.)NuN [M.E. minch, a nun: v.

Minchin]

M INCH EN ER 1 Anglicized forms of the Ger-

MINCHINER J man Miinchener, = One

From Munchen [v. Mlnohln^]

MINCHIN 1 (A.-Lat.) Nun [M.E. minchin for
MINCHEN J »2z«cfe«, O.E. mynecen, 3^ n\in;
O.E. munuc, Lat. monach-us, a monk]
(Ger.-Lat.) One from Munchen (Mun-
ich), I ith,cent. Munichen [a dat. pi. form f.
O.H.Ger. muni{K)h [(Lat. monach-us), a

monk]

MINETT1 the French Minet, = i an abbrev.
M IN ITT /of Guilleminet, a double dim. f.

Guillaume, Teut. Wilhelm: v. William.
2 a dim. i. the O.Teut. name-element

Minn- : v. Minn' [Fr. dim. suif. -et\

MINISTER (A.-Lat.) i the Latin minister,
'servant,' 'attendant,' 'assistant,' was
usually adopted as a designation by the
thanes who witnessed Anglo - Saxon
charters, as ' Ego .iElfwine minister' ;
hence we find it as an agnomen in the
13th-century Hundred Rolls, as 'Haldanus
minister.'

2 for Minster, q.v.

MINN I the O.Teut. personal name Min{n)a

[O.Sax. minn{i)a = O.H. Ger. minna =

O.E. myne, love, orig. memory, memorial,

as in O.N. minne]

2 V. MacMinn.

3 for Milne, q.v

MINNS, Minn's (Son) \
MIN(N)SON, Minn's Son ] '

Minn.

MINSHALL \ (Eng.) Bel. to MinshuU, Cheshire
MINSHULL/[the 14th cent, form Mynshull
seems to point to the M.E. hul(l, O.E.
hyll, a hill ; but a deed of the I2tli cent,
has Munsculf, sculf representing O.E.
scylfe, a shelf or ledge (of land), Mun-
app. being for O.E. munuc, Lat. monach-us,
monk, as the church at Church MinshuU
"was served by monks from Combermere

Abbey"]

Church MinshuU was so called in
order to distinguish it from the adjoining
MinshuU- Veruon, which owes its second
name to the ancient lords of the manor,
the Vernons.

MINSTER (A.-Lat.) i Dweller at a Minster
[O.E. mynster, Lat. monasterium\

2 for Minister, q.v.

MINTER (A.-Lat.) (legal) Coiner; Money-
lender, Banker [M.E. myneter, O.E.
mynetere, minter, money-changer ; f. Lat.
moneta, mint, money]

Ralph le Myneter.— AfM«. Gildh. Land.

Minton

25

Mold

MINTON (Eng.) Bel. to Minton (Salop), 13th

cent. Mineton [the first element is either

for O.E. mynet, coinage, or the A.-Sax.

pers. name Min{n)a (v. Minn) + M.E

-ton = O.E. tun, enclosure, dwelling]

MIRFIELD (Scand. + Eng.) Bel. to Mirfield
(Yorks), 14th cent. Mirfeld = the Bog-
Field [M.E. mir, mire, O.N. myrr (whence
Dan. myr), a bog + M.E. O.E./«Zd]

MISON 1 (Eng.) I Bel. to Misson (Notts)

MISSON J [perh. an assim. shortened form of

Misterton, which is found in the same

wapentake of Bassetlaw]

2 abbrev. of Misterton, q.v.

MISTERTON (Eng.) Bel. to Misterton (Notts,

Leic, Soms.) = the Master's Dwelling

[M.E. mister, maister, O.E. nimgester,

master, teacher ; Lat. magister (m(a)ister

is also f. O.Fr. maistre, mod. maitre']

MITCHAM \ (Eng.) Bel. to Mitcham (Surrey),
MITCHEM J anc. Michelhani = the Big En-
closure or Piece of Land [O.E. mic-el,
big + ham(m]

MITCHELL ( A.-Heb. ) a palatal form of
Michael, q.v.

(Eng.) a palatal form of Mickie, q.v.
Roger Michel— Hund. Rolls.
MITCHELSON, MITCHELL'S Son : v. Mitchell.

MITGHENER 1 for MInchenep, Minchinep,
MITCHINER J q.v.

MITCHESON 1 I for Mitchelson, q.v.
MITCHISON J 2 for Mitchinson, q.v.

MITCHIN, the French Michin, a double dim.
oi Michel = Michael, q.v.

MITCHINSON, Mitchin's Son : v. Mitchin.

MITFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Mitford (Northumb.),
13th cent. Mitford = the Confluence-
Ford [O.E. ge)my\e, a confluence -^ ford\

Mitford is at the junction of the rivers
Wansbeck and Font.

MITTON (Eng.) Bel. to Mitton = the Con-
fluence-Farmstead [O.E. ge)my\e, a
confluence + tun\

Mitton, Wore, occurs in a loth-cent.
Latin charter as Myttun, and is near the
junction of the Stour with the Severn.
Mitton, Yorks, at the confluence of the
Rivers Hodder and Ribble, was form.
Mytton. Little Mitton, Lanes, is at the
meet of the Calder and the Ribble.

MIZEN
MIZON
MOAR =

MOBBERLEYl

MOBERLEY

MOBERLY

[v. MIson.
= MoIp, q.v.

\ — Mugg(e)ridge, q.v.

(Eng.) Bel. to Mobberley
(Chesh.), anc. Modburlegh =

J (the Lady) Modburh's Lea

[A.-Sax. Modburh (genit. Modburge)-mdd,
mind, courage (mood) ; hurh (f.), strong-
hold + ledh, lea]

MOBBS, a var. of Mabbs, q.v.
MOCKRIDGE = Mugg(e) ridge, q.v.

MODY = Moody, q.v.

And so Cometh Dobest aboute
- And bringeth a-doun Modi- —

Piers Plowman, X. 212.
MOFFAT \ (Celt.) Bel. to Moffat (S.Scot.),
MOFFATT 13th cent. Moffete [its situation is
MOFFETT [-said to rnake probable the
MOFFIT I etymology of Gael, magh, a plain
MOFFITT ; + fada, long]

MOGFORD = Mugford, q.v.

MOGG \ I for Magg: v. Maggs.
MOGGE J 2 for Mogue, q.v.

MOGGRIDGE
MOGRIDGE

MOGHAN I (Celt.) I Little Man, Labourer,
MOHAN \ Slave [Ir. mogh, man, &c. + the
MOHEN J dim. suff. -dn\

2 for Mahon, q.v.

MOGUE (Celt.) My Little Aedh = Ardour
\0.\\. Maedhog for Mo-Aedh-og— mo, my
+ aedh (dh mute), ardour, fire -f the dim.

suff. -dg]

There were several saints called

Maedhog, of whom the most celebrated

was Maedhog, first bishop of Ferns > in

Wexford, who died A.D. 625. —

Joyce, Irish Names, ii. 30.

In Wexford Mo-aedh-og is common; but
the Catholics make it Mogue and the
Protestants Moses! (Joyce)

MOIR (Celt.) Big, Great [Gael, (and Ir.) mdr

= Wei. mawr]
In Aberdeen this name is pronounced
Mare.

MOLD (A.-Fr.-Teut.) a contr. form of
Matilda : v. Malkin.

King Wi 11am adde ispoused, as God
yet [gave] that cas,

The erles doghter of Flaundres, Mold
hire name was. —

Rob. Glouc. Chron. (Wm Conq.), 295-6.

26

Mole

Monktnon

(A.-FF.-LatJ Bel. to Mold, form. Moald,

a corr. of Fr. Montalt = the High

(Castle) Mount [Lat. mons, mont-is, a

mount + alt-US, high]

In mediaeval (Latin) documents the
founder of the famous Norman castle at
this place was called de Monte Alto.

Cp. Mowat(t.
MOLE (Eng.) i a nickname {a) from the
animal [M.E. molle = L.Ger. mull]

(b) from being marked with a mole
[M.E. »zofe, O.E.ma'?, a spot]

2 the A.-Sax. male pers. name Mole-,
Moll.

(Celt.) Bald [Wei. moel = Gael, and

Ir. maol]

(Eng. or Celt.) Dweller by the River

Mole.

(A.-Fr.-Teut.) prob. also, like Mold and
Motile, a form oi Matilda : v. Malkin.

MOLES, genit., and pi., of Mole, q.v.

MOLESWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Molesworth
( Hunts ), 13th cent. Molesworth{e =
Mole's Estate [O.E. war's]

MOLINEAUX-j(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Molin-
MOLINEUX leaux (Normandy) = the
MOLINEUS [Little Mills [O.Fr. molinel,
MOLYNEUX I a dim. f. L.Lat. molin-us, Lat.

molina, a mill]
Adam de Molyneus. — Testa de Nevill.
MOLL (A.-Heb. and Teut.) a dim. of Maty;
also (Mall) oi Matilda : v. Malkin.

(Eng.) an A.-Sax. male name borne
e.g. by an eighth-century Northumbrian
king—

Moll ofsleh [killed] Oswine.—

A.-Sax. Chron., A.D. 761.
MOLLER, an Anglicized form of the Dan.-
Norvir. Moller = Miller.

MOLLET 1 = Moll (q.v.) -|- the Fr. dim.
MOLLETT J sufif. -et.

MOLLIS, Molly's (Son) ] Molly, adouhle
MOLLISON 1 Molly's Son [ ^im. of Mary ;
MOLLESON / J a\so of Matilda:

V. Malkin.
MOLLOCK = Mullock, q.v.

MOLLOY (Celt.) Servant or Disciple of

THE Noble or Good [Ir. Maolmhuaidh or

Maelmhuaidh {mh, dh mute) --maol or

mael, servant, disciple + the genit. of

muadh, noble, good]

MOLONEY! .«' i^„<.„ r, „
MOLONY I = Maloney, q.v.

MONACHAN ] (Celt.) Monk [Ir. and Gael,
MONAGHAN \manach, a monk + the dim.
MONAHAN J suff. -dn\

MONCKTON (Eng.) Bel. to Monckton, Monk-
ton = the Monk's or Monks' Farm or
Estate [O.E. munuc, a monk ; tiin, farm,

&c.]

Monkton, Kent occurs as Munccetun
in a Latin charter of A.D. 961. Monkton,
Durham, belonged to the monks of Jarrow. ■
At Monkton-Farleigh, Wilts, there are '
the ruins of a Cluniac conveiit.

MONCRIEFF (Celt.) Bel. to Moncrieff (Perth-
shire), nth cent. Monidcroib = the Hill
OF the Trees [Gael, monadh, a hill,
moor ; craoibh, genit. pi. oi craobh, a tree]

A large portion of the hill is in a good
state of cultivation, and its heights are
richly wooded. — Nat. Gas.

MONDAY (Eng.) a pers. name and nickname
from the day [O.E. mSnandag, m., day ot

the moon]

(Fr.-Teut.) the French Mondy, a dim.
form oi Raimond [v. Raymond]

MONEY (Fr.) Bel. to Monnai (Orne), France
[prob. Fr. monnaie,.'Lat. moneta, a mint]

MONEYPENNY (Eng.) app. for Manypenny,
prob. a nickname for a well-to-do person
[M.E. moni, mony, mani, O.E. monig, manig,
many -f- M.E. petti, O.E. petii{n)g, a penny]

Herbert Manipeni. — Hund. Rolls.

Richard Monypeny. — do.

MONGER (Eng.) Dealer, Trader [O.E.

mangere]

MONIER 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Moneyer, Ban-
MONNIERJKER, (Legal) Coiner [M.E.

mon(ti)ier (Fr. motitiayeur) ; f. M.E. O.Fr.

motieie (Fr. monnaie), money ; Lat. tnotieta,
a mint, money]

John le Monnier.— il^MM. Gildh. Lotid.

2 for the French Meutiier = Miller
[O.Fr. meultiier, Lat. molinari-us]

MONIGAN lf„, ,,

MONIGHAN j ^""^ Monaghan, q.v.

MONKHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at or by the

Monk's or Monks' House [O.E. mutiiu:

(Lat. mottach-us), a monk ; Ms, a house]

MONKMANUhe Monk's Man (-Servant)
MONKMONJ [E. monk = Dan.-Norw. munk]
Johannes Munkman. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

Monks

27

Moran

MONKS, the Monk's (Son) [O.E. munuc (Lat.
monach-us), a monk]

MONKTON (Eng.) Bel. to Monkton = the

Monk's or Monks' Farmstead or Estate

[v. Monckton]

MONRO \ (Celt.) Dweller at a Red Morass
MONROE J [Gael. »!0i««, a morass + ruadh

(rfAimute), red]

MONSON I = Manson, q.v.
2 for Monk's Son.

MONTAGU 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Montaigu

Montague] (Normandy) = the Peaked

Hill [Fr. mont, Lat. mons, mont-is, a hill

+ Fr. aigu, Lat. acut-us, pointed]

This name was Latinized in mediaeval
documents de Monte Acuta.

There are a Montaigu and a Montaigu-
les-Bois in the Manche Dept.

MONTEFIORE (ital. Flower-Hill) : v. the
Appendix of Foreign Names

MONTEITH (Celt.) Bel. to Monteith (Perth-
shire) = the Moor of the River Teith
[Gael, monadh, a moor]

MONTFORTl (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Montfort

MONTFORD J ( France ) = the Strong

(Fortified) Hill [Fr. mont, Lat. mons,

mont-is, a hill -|- Fr. fort, Lat. fort-is, strong]

There is a Montfort-sur-Risle in the
Eufe Dept.

MONTGOMERY (A.-Fr.-Lat. -f- ? Teut.) Bel.
to Montgomery = the (Castle-) Hill

of GOMERIC.

The Welsh town Of Montgomery —
formerly called by the Welsh Tre-
Faldwyn, or ' Baldwin's (6 mutated to /)
Place', from a lord of the marches temp.
. William L — rose around the castle which
was recaptured from the Welsh by Roger
de Montgomeri (Je Monte Gomerico), so
called from his Norman estate.

Comte de Montgomery. —

Paris Directory.

MOODIE 1 (Eng.) Spirited, Brave, Proud;

MOODY J later, Morose, Gloomy [M.E.

mody,0.'E,. mddig\

See Mody.

MOON (Eng.) a name derived from a trade or
armorial sign [O.E. mdnal

Cp. the corresponding German Mond.

(Fr.) Bel. to IVloon, Mohun or Mohon
(France).

There is a Moon in the Manche Dept.
(Normandy) ; and there is a Mohon in the
Ardennes Dept. and in the Morbihau
Dept.

MOONEY (Celt.) Hero [Ir. Maonach-maon,
a hero + the pers. suff. -acn\

MOOR \ (Eng.) Dweller at a Moor [M.E.
MOORE ] mor{e, moore, O.E. »irfr, a moor]

John atte Mor. — Hund. Rolls.

Jordan de la Mor. — do.

Adam del More. — Pari. Writs.

Away then hyed the heire of Linne
Oer hill and holt, and moore and fenn-e.
— 'TheHeirof Lynne': Percy's Reliques.

(A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) Moor (Native of N.
Africa) ; of Dark Complexion [Fr.More,
Maure, Lat. Maur-us, Gr. MaO/j-os, a Moor]

Robert le Move..— Close Rolls.

John le Moor. — Plac. de Quo Warr.

(Celt.) 1 Big [Ir. and Gael. mdr'\

2 Noble [Ir. Mordha (dh mute]

MOORCOCK I a nickname from the bird
[O.E. mor -f cocc]

2 = Moor (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.), q,v. -|- the
E. pet suff. -cock.

MOORCRAFT,aNorthernformof MooPOPoft,
q.v.

MOORCROFT \ ( Eng. ) Dweller at the

MOORECROFT J Moor-Croft [O.E. mor, a

moor -f croft, a small field]

MOORES)

MOORSE [Moor(e)'s (Son) : v. Moor(e

MOORS '

MOORHEf D (Eng.) Dweller at the Head of

THE Moor [OiE. mor + hedfod, heiid,

upper part]

MOORHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at the House
ON THE Moor [O.E. m6r + hus]

MOORMAN (Eng.) = Moor (q.v.) + man.

MOORSOM (Eng.) Bel. to Moorsham (Yorks)
= the Moor's Ham [genit. of O.E. m(lr,
a moor -|- Aa»?(?B,a piece of land,dwelling]

MOORWOOD (Eng.) Dweller at the Moor-
Wood [O.E. mdr -|- wudu]

MORAN (Celt.) i SEA-WARRiOR[Ir. Murchadh-

an^mu{i)r, sea -|- the asp. form of cath,

war, warrior + the dim. suff. -aw]

2 Big, Tall [Ir. (and Gael.) mor + the

pet suff. -are]

28

Morand

Moriarty

MORAND 1 the common French Morand, Mor-

MORANT J ant, Lat. Morand-us [the gerund.

p., ' requiring to be delayed,' of Lat.

moror, to delay]

MORBEY \ (Scand.) Bel. to Moreby (Yorks)

MORBY J and Moorby (Lines) = the MooR-

Habitation(s [O.N. mrfr + by-^']

Elena de Moreby.—

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

MORCOM 1 (Eng.) Dweller in a MooR-
MORCOMBE J Hollow [O.E. mdr + cumb

(a word of Celt. orig. : Wei. cwm, a

hollow]

MORDAN I tor Morden, q.v.
2 tor Mordant, q.v.

MORDANT "I (Fr.-Lat.) Biting, Sarcastic

MORDAUNT J [Fr. mordant, pr. p. oi mordre,

Lat. mordere, to bite]

Robert le Mordaunt. — Hund. Rolls.

MORDECAI ( Heb. - Pers. ) the Hebrew
Mord'khay = Little Man [from the Per-
sian]

MORDEN l (Eng.) Bel. to Morden = i the
MORDIN J Moor-Hollow [O.E. OTor + rfraM]

2 for Mordon, q.v.

Morden, Surrey, was the A. -Sax.
Mordtin.
MORDON (Eng.) Bel. to Mordon = the Moor-
Hill [O.E. m6r -f dun'\

Confused with the preceding name.

MORE = MooKe, q.v.

Midst mores and mosses, woods and

wilds,
To lead a lonesome life. —

' The Marriage of Sir Gawaine ' :
Percy's Reliques.

MOREBY = Mor'b(e)y, q.v.

MORECRAFT = Moorcraft, q.v.

MORECROFT = Moopcroft, q.v.

MOREHOUSE = Moorhouse, q.v.

MOREL "I (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) Dark-Coloured

MORELLJ[M.E. O.Fr. morel{l; O.Fr. More,

Moor, black man + the dim. suff. -el

(Lat. -ell-us) ', Lat. Maur-us, Gr. MaO/j-os, a

Moor : cp. Fr. moreau, m., morelle, f., very

black]
Thomas Morel. — Hund. Rolls.
On d6signe encore aujourd'hui, en
Normandie, un cheval noir sous la
denomination de cheval morel. —

Moisy, Noms de Fam. Norm., p. 328.

MORELAND (Eng.) Dweller at the Moor-
Land [O.E. mdr (M.E. more) + land]

MORETON (Eng.) Bel. to Moreton = the
Moor-Farm [O.E. mdr (M.E. more) -\-

t^n]

MOREWOOD (Eng.) Dweller at the Moor-
Wood [O.E. mdr (M.E. more) -f wudu]

MOREY(Fr.)Bel.toMorey,Mory (France), the
M.Lat. *Moriacum = Morus' (Maurus')
Estate [-dc-um, the Lat.-Gaul. poss. suff.]

There is a Mory in the Pas-de-Calais
Dept.; the Moreys are foiind further
south.

(Eng.) Dweller at the Moor-Hey
(-Enclosure) [M.E. more, O.E. mdr, moor
-1- M.E. hey, hay, O.E. haga, an enclosure,

messuage]

(Celt.) a var. of Murray, q.v.

MORFIL ] (Fr.) a nick- or trade-name =

MORFILL J Elephant's Tusk, Ivory [Fr.

morfil; app. of Arabic orig.]

(Wei.) Whale (a nickname) [Wei.

morfil]
(Eng.) for Moor-Field [O.E. mdr -\-

feld]

(Eng.) Dweller at the Moor-
Foot [O.E. mdr + fdt]

MORFOOT
MORFITT
MORPHETT
MORGAN (Celt.) i Bright or White Sea
[Wei. Morgan — mdr, sea -|- can, white,
bright ; with c mutated to^]

Ac y bu varw Morgan. —
[And Morgan died]

Bruty Tywysogion, A.D. 972.

Morgan Cam [Crooked]. —

Ann. Camb., A.D. 1246.

And Arthur caused Morgan Tud to be
called to him. He was the chief phy-
sician. — ' Geraint the Son of Erbin ' :
Mabinogion, tr. Guest.

2 Mariner [Ir. Muireagdn, f. muir, sea]

In Ireland the name Morgan also
sometimes represents a previous Morogh :
V. Murray.

MORGANS (A.-Celt.) Morgan's (Son): v.
Morgan.

This name replaces the Welsh Ap-
Morgan [ap, ab, son]

MORIARTY (Celt.) Sea-Right or Sea-True

[Ir. Muircheartach — muir, sea + the asp.

form of ceart, right, justice, true -|- the

pers. suff. -acK]

Morice

29

Mortlock

MORICE 1 „
M0RRICE;= l^aurioe, q.v.

MORIN (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) Moor; Dark-Com-
PLEXiONED [Fr. More (v. Moop(e)2 + the
dim. suff. -/«]
Simon Morin. — Hund. Rolls.

Morin is one of the commonest French
surnames.

The name of the French St. Morin was
Latinized Maurinus.
(Celt.) a var. of Moran, q.v.

MORING I Dweller at the Moor-Pasture
[O.E. m6r = O.N. mdr + O.North. and
East. E. ing, O.N. eng, a pasture, meadow]

2 = Morin (q.v.) with intrusive -g.

MORISON, Morice's Son: v. Morice =
Maurice.

MORLAND = Moreland, q.v.

MORLE, app. for Morel, q.v.

MORLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Morley = the Moor-
Lea [O.E. mdr-Uah (M.E. Uy\

MORLING, app. the French Mor-e (v.
Moor(e2) with tl^e E. double dim. suff.

■l-ing\
Hugh Moriyng. — Hund. Rolls.

MORPETH (Eng.) Bel! to Morpeth, 13th cent.
Morpath — the Moor-Path [O.E. mdr +

MORRALL for Morrell, Morell, q.v.

^S'R^fL'L'}=^°-'''l- .

MORREY = Morey, q.v.

MORRICE

MORRIS [= Maurice, q.v.

MORRISS

MORRISH

MORRIN = Morin, q.v.

MORRISEY WCelt.) for O'Morrisy, Descen-
MORRISSAyI dant of Muirg(h)eas = Sea
MORRISSEY Charm or Conjuration [Ir.
MORRISSY I O'Muirgheasa- 6 or wa, grand-
son, descendant -f muir, sea -f- the genit.
oigeas, a charm, conjuration, incantation,

&c.]

MORRISON, Morris's or Maurice's Son:
v. Maurice.

In the Highlands, Morrison is used to
translate the Gael. M'Gille-Moire = Son
of the Servant or Disciple of Mary [v.

Gilmour]

MORROW (Celt.) = Murray, q.v.

(Eng.) Dweller at the Moor-Row (of ,
Dwellings) [O.E. mdr -f- rAw]

Willelmus de Morerawe. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

1^255^ I V. Moorse, Moores.
MORSSJ

MORSON I More's Son : More = Moore,
q.v.
2 for Morrison, q.v.

MORTprob.an abbrev. of Mortimer, q.v. ;but
app. also a French nickname [Fr. mart,
stagnant, dormant, dull ; Lat. mortu-us,
dead], as the diminutive forms Mortel,
Mortet, are likewise found in France.

MORTAN ] (Fr.)OnefromMortain,Mortaigne,

MORTEN \ (Normandy).

MORTIN

The Mortaigne in the Eure Dept. was
Moritania in A.D. 11 96.

(Eng.) for Morton, q.v.

MORTIBOY for the French Afortftoii = Dead
Wood [v. under Mort and Boyce^

MORTIMER (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Mortemer(Nor-
mandy) = the Dead or Stagnant Water
[Fr. mortemer—'LsX. mortu-us, dead ; L.Lat.
mora, a pool, from the pi. (maria) of Lat.
mare, sea : cp. Fr. mare, a pool, pond ; and
eau morte, still water]

Hugh de Mortuomari. — Hund. Rolls.

Roger de Mortimer. — Hund. Rolls.

A de Mortemer occurs in the mural list
of "Compagnons de Guillaume a !a
Conquete de I'Angleterre en MLXVI, '
in the old church at Dives, Normandy.

The origin of the name of the Vall6e de
Mortemer, Eure Dept., is explained in \
'Gallia Christiana' — " Vallis Mortui
Maris ab antique appellata propter in-
undationem fontium . . ."

N.B. — This name has sometimes been
used in Ireland as a substitute for the
native Moriarty, q.v., and Murrogli,q.v.

MORTIMOREfor Mortimer, q.v.

MORTLOCK (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Mortlake,
or Dweller at the Stagnant Pool [Fr.
mort-lac — Lat. mortu-us, dead ; lac-us, a

lake, pool]

Mortlake, Surrey, was Latinized in
mediaeval records Mortuus Locus.

Morton

30

Moulton

'(Celt.) Bel. to Mortlach (Banff) = (prob,)
' the Big Knoll [Gael, mdr, big + tulach,

a knoll]

MORTON (Eng.) Bel. to Morton = the Moor
Farm or Village fO-E. mdr + tiln]

MORTY, an abbrev. of 1 Mortfmep, q.v.

2 (occ.) Moriarty, q.v.
iVIORTYN, V. Mortin, Morten.

MOSELEY I (Eng.) Bel. to Moseley = the

MOSELY / Moss-Lea [O.E. m6s (= O.N.

m6si), a marsh, moor, moss + ledK]

MOSER, V. MOsser.

MoisES (Gr.-Heb.-Copt.) Saved from the
Water [Lat. Moyses, Gr. Muuir^t, Muo-^s,
Heb. Mosheh; f. Gopt. »io, water, andowi/V,

to deliver]

:X§I^^^y}-"°-'^^-

MOSS (Eiig. and Scand.) Dweller at a Marsh
or Moor i' [O.E. mds — O.N. m6si\

A Richard del Moss was Bailiff of
Liverpool in 1405. —

Baines, Hist. L'pool, p. 193.

(A.-Gr.-Heb.-Copt.)an English abbrev.
form of Moses, q.v.

Cp. the French form Moise.

MOSSER (Eng. and Scand.) = Moss i (q.v.)
+ the agent. sufF. -er.

(Scand.) Bel. to Mosser (Cumberland),
app. the pi. (mosar) of O.N. most, a moss,
esp. as Mosser " is divided into two parts
called High and Low Mosser."

MOSSES, genit. (and pi.) of Moss, q.v.

MOSSMAN (Eng.) = Moss (q.v.) + man.

In the Scandinavian-peopled districts,
esp. Yorks, man, suffixed to a pers. name,
usually denotes ' Servant of . . . '

MOSSOP (Eng. and Scand.) Dweller at the
Moss-Hope (Valley, Hollow) [v. Moss

and Hope]
MOTE 1 (A.-Fr.-Teut.) i Dweller at a Moat
MOTT I [ (Dial. E. mot), M.E. O.Fr. mote (Ft.
matte), a mound (with or without a super-
structure), dike, or foss ; of Teut. orig.]

The mote is of mercy
The manoir aboute. —

Piers Plowman, 3678-9.

De la Motte is a common French sur-
name.

2 the O.Teut. name-element M6t-, Mod-,
= Courage.

Richard Mote.— Hmd. Rolls.

MOTLEY (A.-Fr.) a nickname [cp. M.E.
mottelye, &c., a dress of many colours]

(Fr. + E.) Dweller at i the Mote-
Lea [v. under Mote », and -|- M.E. ley,

O.E, ledh]

2 the Mote-Low [M.E. low(e, law{e,
O.E. hldew, a hill, (burial) mound]

Thomas de RJotlawe. —

Yor'ks Pall-Tax, A.D. 1379.

The Mot- here, however, may repre-
sent the A.-Sax. name-stem Mod- =
O.Ger. M6t- [A.Sax. m6d, mind, courage
(mood) = O.Sax mid = O.N. md^-r =
O.H.Ger. m(u)ot (mod. mut"]

MOTTERAM, v. Mottnam.

MOTTERSHEAD (Eng.) Bel. to Mottershead
(Chesh.), 14th cent. Mottersheved, Mottres-
heved = Modhere's Head(lanp [the
A.-Sax. pers. name is a compound of mod,
mind, courage (mood), with here, army
(the corresponding O.N. name Mo'Sher is
seen in Motherby, Cumb.) — l-M.E. keved,
OiE. hedfod, head, high ground]

Robert de Mottresheved. —
Chesh. Chmbrln.'s AcctS; A.D. 1303-4.

MOTTRAM 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Mottram (Chesh.) :
MOTTRUM J = Modhere's Home or Es-
tate [v. under the preceding name
(Mottershead is close to Mottram), and -|-
O.E. ham, home, &c.]

An Adam de Mottrum was gaoler of
Macclesfield and bailiff of the forest '
there in the middle of the 14th cent. —
Chesh. Chmbrln.'s Accts., A.D. 1301-60.

MOUL 1
MOULEr= Mole, q.v.

MOULD = Mold, q.v.

MOULDER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) an occupative sur-
name [f. M.E. malde, O.Vr. mole, a mould ;
Lat. modul-us, a measure]

MOULDS, Mould's (Son) :v. Mould = Mold.

MOULSON I Moul(e)'s Son : Moul(e =
Mole, q.v.

2 Mould's Son : Mould = Mold, q.v.

MOULTON (Eng.) Bel. to Moulton = i the
> Mule-Enclosure [O.E. mtil (Lat. mul-us)

+ tiin]
2 Mula's Estate [O.E. tiin}

The Norfolk Moulton was Miilantun in
A.D. 1037 ; and it and the Lincolnshire ;
Moulton were Multon in the 13th cent.,
as was the Cheshire Moulton in A.D. 1303.

Mouncey

31

Much

■ \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller on or by a

■ J HlLLO( '" "

MOUNCEY'

MOU NSEY / Hillock [O.Fr. moiwel, muncel,

monceau (Fr. monceau, a heap) ; Lat.

monticell-us, dim. Of mons, mont-is, a hill]

Puis prist Morpath, un fort chastel

Qui ert [Lat, efai] assis sur un moncel. —

G. Gaimer, Chron.; Godefrpy.

There is a Monceau in the Nord Dept. ;
and there are two Les Moiiceaux in the
Calvados Dept. and one in the Orne
Dept.

Comtes^e du Moncel. — Paris Directory.

MOUNT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Hill

[M.E. mount, mont, Fr. mont, Lat. mons,

mont-is, a hill]

Alan atte Mo\mX.^Close Rolls,A.T>. 1338.

MOUNTAN ■) (A,-Fr.-Lat. ) Dweller at a

MOUNTAIN J Mountain [O.Fr. montaine

(mod. montagne), L.Lat. montanea ; Lat.

montana, a hilly district]

Montagne-Fayel is in the Somme
Dept.

MOUNTFORD = Montford = Montfort,

q.v.

MOUNTJOY (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Montjoie

(Normandy) = a Cairn or Monumental

Heap [Fr. mont, Lat. mons, mont-is + Fr.

joie, Lat. gaudi-a, pi. oigaudi-unt, joy]

Montjoie, for Montjoie-Saint-Denis, was
an ancient war-cry of the French, fronj
the hillock near Paris where St. Denis
suffered martyrdom.

There are two places called Montjoie
in the Manche Dept.

MOUNTNEY 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat) Bel.toMontigny,
MOUNTENEYjMontagny (Normandy) = the
Hilly District [M.Lat. Montanac-um —
montana, a mountain (f. Lat. mons, mont-
is, a mountain) ; with the Lat.-Celt.
collective suff. -dc-um"]
.. We find a Montigny in the Calvadosi'
Manche, Seine-Inf6rieure, Somme, and
Pas-de-Calais Depts.

Robert de Mounteny. — Hund. Rolls.

MOU TRIE (Scot.) app. from the Fifeshire
river Motray, where the suff is prob.
O.N. d = O.E. ed, ' river.'

MOVILL (Celt.) Bel. to Movilla or Moville =
the Field of the Old Tree [Ir. Magh-

bhile]

MOWAT 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) corr. and abbrev. of

MOVilATT J de Mont{h)aut or Mont{h)alt = of

(THE) High Mount [O.Fr. (lit.) del

mont{h)alt (mod. Fr. du mont hdut), Lat.

ae illo monte alto]

7

In the supposed copies of the Roll of
Battle Abbey this name variously appears
as Mohaut, Monhaut, Monthaut, &c.

(A.-Fr.-Teut.) a double Aim. oi Matilda :
V. Malkin.

Cp. Mold.

MOWBRAY (Fr.) Bel. to Montbray (Manche,

Normandy) [Fr. mont, Lat. mons, mont-is,

a hill : the second element may be

O.N.Fr. bray, mire (of Scand. orig.), or a

pers. name]

MOWL '

. I a dim. of Matilda : v. Malkin.

MOWLE
MOWLL
MOWELL

2 Bel. to Maule (France)
MOXON, M.ocG'sSow.Mogg= Magg:v. Maggs.

MOY 1 (Celt.) Bel. to Moy (Scotland and
MOYE J Ireland) = a Plain or Level Field
[Gael, and Ir; magh]
(Fr.-?Celt.) Bel. to Moy, Moye (France)
[perh. of same meaning and origin as
above, the Celt. (Gaul.) word being Latin-
ized mag-us]

MOYCE 1 (Fr.-Heb.) Anglicized forms of Fr.
MOYES f Moise = Moses, q.v.

(A.-Celt.) = Moy(e (q.v.) with the
Eng. genit. -s suff.

MOYLAN (Celt.) for the Ir. O'Maoilain = De-
scendant of Maolan : v. Mullan.

MOYLE (Celt.) 1 Shaven One; Monk,
Disciple [Ir. and Gael, mael, maol, prim.

' bald ']

2 Dweller on or by a Bald or Bare Hill

or Headland [same etymology]

MOYLES = Moyle (q.v.) with the Eng. genit.
-i suff. Also an Ir. form of Mites, q.v.

MOYNAGH = Mooney, q.v.

MOYSE r = Moyes, q.v.

Willam Moyse. — Hund. Rolls.
MOYSES 1 a M.E. form of Moses, q.v.

Moises that saugh [saw] the bush vAth
flaumes rede ... i '

The Holy Goost, the which that Moyses
wende [weened]

Had ben a-fyr. — ,

Chaucer's A.B.C., 89, 93-4.

2 Moyes's (Son): v. Moyes'

[ = Moseley, q.v.

MOZELEY
MOZLEY

MUCH (Eng.) Big, Great [M.E. moche. muche,
later forms of M.E. moch-el, much-el, O.E.

myc-el, bip]

Muckleston

32

Mullin

A muche man, as me thoughte,
And lik to myselv? . . .

Piers Plowman, 5038-9.

But he ne lafte nat for reyn ne thonder,

In siknesse nor in meschief, to visite

The ferreste [furthest] in his parisshe,

■mxiche and lite [great and small]. —

Chaucer, Cant. Tales, Prol. 492-4.

MUCKLESTON (Eng.) Bel. to Muckleston =
Mucel's Estate [O.E. tun\

MUCKLESTONE (Eng.) Bel. to Mucklestone
= the Great .Stone (Rock, Monument,
or Stone Castle) [O.E. mycel -\- stdn]

MUCKLOW (Celt.) Dweller by the Pig-Lake
[Gael, and Ir. muc, pig + loch, lake]

MUDD (Eng.) Dweller at the Muddy Place
[M.E. mud{de, mud ; O.L.Ger.]

Cp. Clay.
MUDFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Mudford,or Dweller
at the Muddy Ford [v. under Mudd, and
+ M.E.O.E./or(;]

MUDIE for Moodie, q.v.

MUFF (A.-Scand.)a corrupt form of the M.N.E.
maug(h = Brother - in - Law [O.N.

mdg-r]

The Irish place-name Muff is Ir. magh,
' a plain.'

MUFFAT 1

MUFFET \ for Moffat, q.v.

MUFFIT J

MUGFORD (Eng.) Dweller at the Great
Ford [M.E. muk-el, O.E. myc-el, great +

ford\
Cp. Much.

MUGG(E)R1DGE (Eng.) Dweller at the Great

Ridge [M.E. muk-el, O.E. myc-el -\- M.E.

rigge, rugge, O.E. hrycg\

MUGGLETON (Eng.) Bel. to Muckleton, or

Dweller at the Great Enclosure or

Farmstead [M.E. muM, O.E. mycel -f

M.E. -ton, O.E. tun']

MUGLESTONlf ,, , , ^
MUGLISTON jfor Muckleston, q.v.

MUIR \ (Scot-Teut.) Dweller at a Moor

MUIRE I [Scot. — O.E. and O.N. wJr]

And as that Ryall raid ovir the rude

mure
Him betyde ane tempest that tyme
hard I tell.—

The Taill of Rauf Coilyear, 13-14.

MUIRHEAD (Scot-Teut.) Dweller at the

Moor-Head [Scot. — O.E. and O.N. mdr

-H O.E. hedfod= O.N. /zo/mS]

MUIRSON, MuiR's Son : v. Muir.

MULCASTER (Scand. -|- A.-Lat.) Bel. to Mul-
caster, corrupted to Muncaster (Cumb.),
anc. Meolcastre= the (Rom an) Camp at the
Sandbank or Sandhill [O.N. mel-r, a
sandbank, sandhill -|- a der. of Lat.
castra, a camp]

Muncaster Castle is situated at Esk-
Meol, near the mouth of the R. Esk.

MULDOON (Celt.) i Servant or Disciple of

(St.) Dubhan [Ir. Maol Dubhain (bh

mUte) : Ir. and Gael, maol, mael, bald, a

tonsured person, monk, disciple, servant;

and V. Down 2]

2 for the Ir. Maol-duin = Chief of the

Fortress (Joyce).

MULDROCH.v. MacMuldroch.

MULFORD (Eng.) Dweller at i the Mule-
Ford [O.E. miil (Lat. mul-us) -\- ford]

RicharddeMuleford.^Hund. Rolls.
2 the Mill-Ford [M.E. mulle, mulne, a

mill]

MULHARN ] (Celt.) Servant or Disciple
MULHEARN ^ OF Echtighern [Ir. maol, ser-
MULHERN J vant, &c. ; and V. Ahearn]

MULHOLLAN 1 (Celt.) Servant or Dis-

MULHOLLANDJciPLE of Callan = the

Clamorous [Ir. Maolchallainn — maol,

servant, &c.-|-the asp. genlt .form oicallan\

MULLAN 1 (Celt.) the Little Bald or

MULLEN f Shaven One; Monk, Disciple

[Ir. and Gael. Maoldn — maol, bald, &c.

-|- the dim. suff. -a«]

(A.-Fr.-Lat.) v. Mullin^.

MULLANEY]for 0'Mullan(e)y (Celt.) De-

MULLANY > scendant of the Servant or

MULANY J Disciple of Mean = Little

[Ir. O'Maoilmheanna (mh mute) ^ 6 ot ua,

grandson, descendant -\- the genit. of

maol, servant, &c. -|- the genit. of mean,

little]

MULLENEUXl Molineux n v
MULLINEUX J ivTOi'"eux,q.v.

MULLENS (A.-Celt.) Mullen's or Mullan's
(Son) : V. Mullani.

(A.-Fr.-Lat.) v. Mullins^. "
MULLET(T (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname from the
Mule [Fr. mulet, a dim. f. Lat. mul-us. a

mule]

MULLIGAN (Celt.) the Little Bald or

Shaven One, Monk. Disciple [Ir.

Maolagdn,Maolacdn:v.lA\\\\ga.n,M\\\\ca.n\

MULLIN (Celt.) for the Irish O'Maoldin =

Descendant of M aolan [v. M u 1 1 an ' ]

(A.-Fr.-Lat.) for the common French

(Du) Moulin = (Of the) Mill [Fr. moulin,

L.Lat. molin-us, f. Lat. mola, a mill]

Mulliner

33

Murch

MULLINER (Eng.) a var. ol Milner, q.v. [M.E.

midnere, a miller; 1" M.E. mulne, O.E.

myl(e)n, a mill]

There has been some late confusion

with the next name.

MULLINEUX for Molineaux, q.v.

MULLINS (A.-Celt.) Mullin's (Son): v.
Mullin.

(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Moulines or Moulins
(France) = the Mills [v. Miullin^]

MULLOCHI (Celt.) Dweller at a Summit,
mullock; Height, Hill-Top [Gael, (and

Ir.) mullacK\
(Eng.) the A.-Sax. name-stem Mul-
[Lat. mul-us (whence als6 O.H.Ger. mut),
a mule] -f- the dim. suff. -oc.

Thomas yi\i\\oc.—Hund. Rolls,

MULLOY = Molloy, q.v.

MULOCK = Mullock, q.v.

MULROONEY \ (Celt.) Servant or Disciple

MULRONEY J OF Ruanaidh = the Red-

CoMPLEXioNED [Ir. Moolruanaidh—mool,

mael, servant, etc. + ruanaidh]

MULROY (Celt.) Servant or Disciple of

RuADH=the Red-Complexioned [Ir. and

Gael. Maolruaidh — maol, mael, servant, etc.

-I- the genit. of ruadh, red]

MULVANEYl forO'Mulvan(e)y (Celt.) Des-

MULVANY J CENDANT OF THE SERVANT Or

Disciple of Mean = the Little [Ir.
O'Maoilmheana {mh as y) — 6 or ua, grand-
son, descendant -f- the genit. of maol,
servant, etc. + the genit. of mean, little]

MULVEY"! (Celt.) Servant or Disciple of

MULVY J MiADHACH = the Noble [Ir.

Maolmhiadhaigh (mh as v, dh mute) — maol,

servant, &c. -|- the genit. ol miadhach,

noble, honourable]

MUMBYT (Scand.) Bel. to Mumby (Lines),
lyiUISBY J 13th cent. Mumby, Munhy = (prob.)

Mund's Settlement or Estate [O.N.

mund, hand, protector; genit. mundu+by-r,
settlement, etc.]

MUM FORD 1 (Eng.) Bel. toMundford (Norf.),

MUNFORD /13th cent. Mundeford = Mund's

Ford [O.E. mund, hand, protector ; genit.

munde + ford]

(Fr.-Lat.) corruptforras of Montfortq.v.

MUMMERY, a corrupt form of Montbray : v.
Mowbray.

MUNBY, v. under Mumby ante.
MUNOASTER, v. Mulcaster.
MUNCE for Munns, q.v.

R;i[j^°^>^}v.Mounsey.

MUNCKTON, V. Monckton.

MUNDAY]

MUNDIE U. Monday.

MUNDY J

MUNDELL 1 (Teut.) Protector [Teut., as
MUNDELLA \ O.E., O.Sax., O.N. mund, hand,
MUNDLE J protector -|- the form, or dim.

suff. -el-a]

MUNDING (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Munding =
Mund (a) 's Son [f. O.E. ntund, hand, pro-
tector ; with the fil. suff. -ing]

MUNFORD, V. under Mumford ante.

MUNGO (Celt.) Gentle - Beloved [Wei.
mwyn, gentle -f- cu (mutation-form gu),

beloved]

Mwyngu or Munghu was a pet-name
given to Kentigern, the patron-saint of
Glasgow, who passed a portion of his life
in Wales.

MUNK (A.-Lat.) Monk [O.E. munuc, hat

monach-us]

MUNN (Fr.) i Monk, Friar [A.-Ft. m{o)un,
pioyne, O.Fr. moytie (Fr. moine), monk; Gr.
/iocos, solitary]
Ivo le Moyne. — Hund. Rolls.
Geoffrey le Moun. — do.
, Thomas le Mun. — do.

2 Bel. to Mohun or Mohon (France).

MUNNING for Munding, q.v.

MUNNINGS, Munning's or Munding's (Son).

MUNNS (A.-Fr.) Munn's (Son) : v. Munn.

MUNRO
MUNROE

\ = Monro, Monroe, q.v.

MUNSEY =■ Mounsey, q.v.

MUNT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Mount [M.E.

munt, mont, Fr. mont, Lat. mons, month, a

hill ; also O.E. munt, a hill, from Lat.]

MUNTON for Munckton, Monckton, q.v.

MURBY, a var. of Morby, q.v.

MURCH, a var. of March, q.v., the form being
due to the diphthongal pron. of March as
March.

Murchie

34

Mu55on

MURCHIE (Celt.) an Anglicized form of the
Ir. Murchadh : v. under Murphy.

MURCHISON (A.-Celt.) Murchie's Son: v.
MurchieandMurphy [Ir. MacMurchadha]

MURCOTTT (Eng.) Bel. to Murcot(t = the

MURCUTTJ Moor- Cottage [M.E. mor{e,

O.E. m6r + M.E. cot(e, O.E. cot]

]V[urcot(t, Oxon, and Murcot(t, North-
ants, were Morcote in the 13th cent.

MURDEN for Morden, q.v.

MURDO for Murdoch, q.v.

MURDOCH! (Celt.) Sea-Happy [Gael, and

MURDOCK J Ir. Mu{t)readhach—mu{i)r ,sea-f-

' adhach, happy, prosperous, lucky]

MURGATROYD 1 (Gr. + Scand. ) Bel. to
MURGITROYD f Murgatroyd (Yorks), 14th
cent. Mergretrode = Mergret's or Mar-
garet's Clearing [v. Margaret and

Royd]

MURISON I Murray's Son: v. Murray'.
2 for Morrison, q.v.

MURLESS (Eug.) Dweller at the Moor-Leas
[O.E. m&r, moor -f ledh, lea]

MURPHIEH Celt. ) Sea - Warrior [Ir.

MURPHY ] Murchadh — mu{t)r„ sea + an asp.

form of cath, war, warrior]

' O'Murchadha [nepotic (genit.) form of

MurchadK], now always pronounced in

Irish O'Mun^oghoo, and Anglicized Murphy,

without the prefix O.' —

Annals of the Four Masters, IV. p. 11 58 w.

Murphy is the commonest name in
Ireland. '

Some leading Murphys are now mak-
ing their name Morchoe and O'Morchoe —
a good change. — Joyce.

MURRAY \ (Celt.) i iox Mor{r)ogh,3.conXr. form
MURREY J of (a) Mu{i)readhack : v. Murdoch;
(6) Murchadh: v. Murphy.

2 Bel. to Moray or to Morrach (Scot-
land) = the Sea-Field or Marsh [Gael,
(and Ir.) murmhagh {mh mute) — mu{i}r, sea

-f the asp. form of magh, a fiel^, plain]

MURRELL
MURRILL

= Morell, q.v.

MURRELLS, Murrell's (Son) : v. Murrell,
Morell. '

MURROGH

MURROUGH

MURROW

Murray", q.v.

MURTAGH \

MURTAUGHl(Celt.) from the same Irish
MURTEAGH original as Moriarty, q.v.
MURTOCH )'

MURTHWAITE (Scand.) Bel. to Murthwaite
(Westmd. : i6th cent. Myrthwaite) = the
Moor or Bog Clearing [O.N. m^r-r, a
moor, bog -H \ueit, a clearing] '

MURTON (Eng.) Dweller at the Moor-Farm
[O.E. m6r:+ ttln]

Murton,Cumb., and Murton, Northumb., ,
are called indifferently Murton or Moor-
town.

MUSARD (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Loiterer, Dawdler
[Fr. musard ; f. muser, to muse, loiter] '.

MUSCHAMP (Fr.-Teut. + Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to

Muschamp or Mouchamp (France) = the

Moss-FiELD [Fr. mousse, O.H.Gfer. mos,

moss -1- Ft. champ, Lat. campus, a field]

This name was Latinized in our

mediaeval records de Musco Campb [Lat.

musc-us, moss]

MUSGRAVE V (Eng.) Bel. to Musgrave = the

M USG ROVE J Moss-Grove [O.E, meSs, moss,

or O.E. mds, a marsh + grdf]

MuIhETT } P^^**^"- io"^^^ of Musket(t, q.v.

MUSKER ] (Celt.) 'The people descended ,
MUSKERY Urom Carbery Muse, son of
MUSKERRY j Conary XL, were called Mus-
craidhe (Muskery : O'Dugan) : of these
there were several tribes, one of which '
gave name to the two baronies of'
Muskerry in Cork.' — •

Joyce, Irish Local Names, p. 74.

M USKET 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname or sign-

MUSKETT/name from the Sparrowhawk

so called [M.E. musket,ma\e sparrowhawk;

O.Fr. mousket, mouschet {Ft. emouchet),:

L.Lat. musc(h)etus, a kind of hawk ; f. Lat." v*

* musca, a fly]

M U S P R ATT (Fr.-Teut. -|- Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a

Moss-Field [Fh mousse, O.H.Ger. mos,

moss + O.Fr. prat (Fr. pre), Lat. prat-um,

a field, meadow]

MUSSON (Eng.) an assim. form of Muston,
q.v.

The Leicestershire village, Muston in the /
13th cent., is now indifferently Muston or
MusSoh.

(Fr.) the Fr. Musson Or Mousson is app.
(like Musset, Mousset) a dim. nickname
f. mousset a var. of mouche, a fly, beauty-
spot, etc. [Lat. musca, a fly, (fig.) a

meddler]: w

Hustard

35

Nail

i/lUSTARD (A.-rr.-Lat. + Teut.) metpn.,for
Mustarder (Fr. tnoutardier), M\istarAmaker,
Mustardman (now extinct as surnames)
[M.E. mustard, mostard, O.Fr. mostarde, f.,
with sufl. -ard (Teut. hard), Lat. must-um,

must]

WUSTON (Eng.) Bel. to Muston ; or Dweller

at the Moss Farm or Village [O.E. mds,

a marsh + tuti\

Cp. Musson'.

WUTCH = Much, q.v.

VIYALL, V. Miall, Michael.

VIYCOCK, a form of Maycook, q.v.

MYDDLETON = Middleton, q.v.

VIYER (Scand.) Dweller at the MiRE or Bog

[O.N. myr-r\
Richard del Myre. — '

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D, 1379.
(A.-Fr.-Lat,) a form of Mayer, q.v.

(Heb.) the Jewish Meir or Meor= Light,
Luminary [Heb. maSr]

( Ger.-Lat. ) an Auglicization of the

German Meyer = Steward [Ger. meier,

O.H.Ger. »»ew>-, steward; Lat. mo/or]

MYERS, Myer's (Son) : v. Myer.

MYERSCOUGH (Scand.) Bel. to Myerscough
(Lanes), A.D. 1317 Mirescogh = the Bog-
Wood [M.E. mire, myre, O.N. m^-r, a bog
+ M.E. sco{u)gh, O.N. skdg-r, a wood]

MYERSON, Myer's Son : v. Myer.

MYHILL =. Michael, q.v.

MYLCHREESTl (Celt. + Gr.) i theManxil/ac
MYLCHRIST J Giolla Chreest = Son ofthe
Servant of Christ.

2 the Manx Mael Chreest = Servant

or Disciple of Christ \mael, bald

(tonsured) one, servant, disciple]

Cp. Gilchrist.

MYLER = Meyler, q.v.

MYLES = iVilles, q.v.

MYLOTT = Millot, q.v.

MYNER 1 (A.-rr.-Celt.) Miner [Fr. miner, to
M YNOR J mine ; of Celt, orig.]

Masons and mynours,

And manyothere craftes. —

Piers Plowman, 44P-1.

MYTTON } ^*'- '° '^y'o"' Mytton: v. Mitton.

N

NABB I a contr. of MacNabb, q.v.

2 a pet form of Abel, q.v., with attracted
N-. ,

3 a (North.) form of Knapp, q.v.
NABOR for Neighbour, q.v.

NAGEL 1 (Teijt.) Nail, Spike [O.H.Ger. and

NAGELE ^O.Sax. nagal = Goth. *nagl-s ^

NAGLE yO.T^.nagl = Dut. nagel = O.E.

ncegelyVn.., a nail, etc.]

The great prevalence of this n^me in
America is largely due to German im-
migration. The A.-Saxpn name is seen
I ^—vocalized — in Such Eng. place-names
as Nailsworth and Nailstone.

The commonness of Nagle ' in Ireland
may be due to the early-eighteenth-
century .German immigration ; but the
Hibernicization de N6gla seems to point
to a French origin, poss. the place-name .
Nagel in the Eure Dept.

NAIL 1 ( Eng. ) I the A.-Sax. pers. name
HMLEyNcegel : v. under Nagel, &c.

2 v. Naie.

NA!!:OR}^Nayler,Naylor.

NAIRN "[(Celt.) Bel. to Nairn, formerly

NAIRNE J Invemaim=MovTH or the Nairn

[Gael, inbhir, a confluence, river-mouth :

tTie river-name may be for Gae\.(amhuinn)

an-fheam (fh mute) = (river) of the alder]

NAISH, a diphthongized form of Nash, q.v.

N ALDER (Eng.) a contr. of Atte Nalder or

Atten-Alder = At the Alder [M.E. atte

nalder, E. M.E. at pen al{d)re, O.E. cet\>cbm

aire (dat. otaler^

NALE (Eng.) a contr. of Atte Nale or Atten-
Ale = At THE Ale (-House) [M.E. atte
nale, E.M.E. at \>en ale, O.E. at^dm eale]
And songen [sang] atte nale.—

Piers Plowman, 4027.

NALL (Eng,) a contr. of Atte Nail or Atten-

HaU = At the Hall [E.M.E. at \en (for

\er) Halle, O.E. cet \ckre hle)alle]

Occasionally, however, -all may be for

O.E. heal(h; a corner, also (for heald)[ a

slope.

36

Nance

Neely

NANCE (Celt.) Bel. to Nance (Cornw.); or

Dweller in the Valley [Corn, nans]

NANGLE (Eng. + Fr.-Lat.) a contr. of Atte

Nangle or Atten-Angle = At the Angle or

Corner [E.M.E. at^en angle— O.Yt. angle,

Lat. angul-us, ap angle]

Symon in Angulo. — Hund. Rolls.

NANSON, Nan's Son: Nan, a pet form of '

Ann(e (A.-Heb.), q.v.
NAPER ] ( A.-Fr.-Lat. ) Napery - Keeper
NAPIER i[M.E. nap(p)er{e, keeper of the
NAPPER J napery or table-linen; O.Fr. naperie,
"LXat. naparia, mapparia, napery-depart-
ment of a household ; Lat. mappa, a table-
napkin : cp. Fr. nappe, a table-cloth]
John le Napere. — Hund. Rolls.
Jordan le Nappere. — do.
NAPTON for Knapton, q.v.

Napton-on-the-Hill is in Warwickshire.

NARRACOTT (Eng.) Dweller at the Narrow
Cot [O.E. nearu ■\- cot]

NASH (Eng.) a contr. of Atte Nash or Atten-

Ash = At the AsH(-Tree [E.M.E. aii>en

as{c)he, O.E. cet Tpdkm cesce]

Pagan atte Nash.— Ca/. Inq. P.M.

NASMITH 1 (Eng.) Nail-Smith [O.E. nmgel,

NASMYTH J nail + smiff, smith]

NATHAN (Heb.) Given (of God) [Heb. Ndthdn]

NAUGHXm 1 ^- WlacNaughtan, Mao
KaUGhTonJ '^-S'^ten.

NAY (Fr.) Bel. to Nay (Normandy).

(Celt.) for MacNay, MacNee, q.v.

NAYLAR ■) (Eng.)' Nail-Maker [M.E. nayler{e;

NAYLER \ M.E. nayl, O.E. n<egel,'a. nail + the

NAYLOR J agent, sufif. -ere]

John le Naylere. — Plac. de Quo Warr.

'Cloutier, a nayler, a nayle-sraith; a

seller or maker of nayles.'—

Cotgrave, Fr. Diet., A.D. i6ii.

NEAD (Eng.) app. = Ead(e (q v.), with attrac-
ted N- (as in Ned, a pet form of Edward);
although there is some evidence of an
A.-Sax. pers. name Ndoda [f. ndod, zeal,
desire]: V. under Need ham.

NEADS, Head's (Son).

NEAGLE (Eng.) a contr. of Atten-Egle=
At the (Sign of the) Eagle [E.M.E. at
Yen egle — O.Fr. aigle, Lat. aquila, an eagle] ,

(Teut.) a var.'of Nagle, Nagel, q.v.

Sir R. Matheson gives Neagle as a var.
of Nagle in Ireland (Var. & Syn. Sum.
Irel, p. 56).

(A.-Lat.) a var. of Nigel, q.v.

NEAL \

[^|AJ-^.= NeM(.,q.v.

NEEL )

NEALS, Neal's (Son).

NEAME (Eng.) = Fame, Uncle (v. undef
Eames), with attracted N- from mine,
thine.

N EAMES (Eng.) = Eames (q.v.) with
attracted N- from mine, thine.

NEAP (A. -Fr.-Lat.) an abnormal form f. Lat.
nepos, a grandson, also a nephew : cp,
Neave, Neve.
Henry le Nep.—Hund. Rolls.
Hugh Nepos.^ — do.
Cp. the common French Le Nepveu.
(Scand.) Dvi^eller at a Peak [O.N. gnlpa]

NEARY (Celt.) the Irish Ndradhach (nepotic
form O' Ndradhaigh—dh mute) [cp. Ir.
ndr, good, happy -|- adkach, -prosperous,

lucky]

NEASMITH, a form of Nasmith, q.v.

NEAT I (Eng.) i Companion, Vassal, Ten-
N EATE J ANT [O.E. ge)nedt]

2 a nickname from the animal [O.E.

nedt, ox, cow]

(A.Fr.-Lat.) Neat, Tidy [Fr. net-te ;

Lat. nitidus]

NEAVE 1

NEEVE; i^eve, q.v.

N EAVES, Neave's (Son) : v. Neve.
NEED, V. Nead.

NEEDES'
NEEDS .

V. Neads.

NEEDHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Needham (Norf,
Suff., Derby), rsth cent. Nedham [The
first element here is somewhat doubtful
— perh. a pers. name Ndoda, f. O.E. ndod,
zeal (cp. Needingworth, Hunts), in which
case the second element will be O.E. hdm,
a home, residence, rather than O.E. ham{m
an enclosure, piece of land
Needwood, Staffs, was Nedwode in the
Latin portion of a charter of Eadred
A.D.951.

NEEDLER (Eng.) Needle-Maker [M.E
nedlere, ned{e)ler; O.E. ndsdl, needle -f- thi
agent, suff. -ere
Lucas le Nedlere. — Hund. Rolls.

NEELEYl (Celt.) I for the It. MacConghaok
NEELY I Son of Conghaol : v. Connel. 1
2 for Mao Neilly, q.v.

Neep

37

Nettelfield

NEEP = Neap, q.v.

NEEVE = Neve, q.v.

NEEVES, Neeve's (Son).

NEGUS (Eng.), found in 1598 as Negose and

in 1636 as Neegoose, app. represents the

O.Angl. (with ge- unpalatalized) n^ah-

gehiisa, ' neighbour ' In^ah, nigh + gehiisa,

' ■ housemate]

Colonel Negus, the concoctor of the

• drink so called, was of East-Anglian

family.

NEIGHBOUR tEng.) [O.E. n^ah-{ge)hur~n^ah,
ijigh ; gejbiir, husbandman, boor]

NEIL
NEILE
NEILL
NEILDJ

■(Celt.) Champion [Ir. and Gael.

Niall]

This name was borrowed by the Scandi-
navians as Njdll, Njdl, and Latinized in
England as Nigellus.

NEILSON, Neil's Son: v. Neil.

NEISH for Mao Neish, q.v.

N ELDER (Eng.) a contr. of Atten-Elder = At
THE Elder (-Tree) [E.M.E. at \en eldre: v.

Elder']
Cp. Nalder.

NELL 1 a var. of Neill, q.v.

3 a pet form of Ellen (A.-Gr.), q.v.
Adam Nel.—Hund. Rolls-

=At

NELMEJl

NELM \(Eug.) a contr. of Atten-Elm =

:JTHE Elm (-Tree) [E.M.E. at ]>en
elme, O.E. at fickm elme]
In the Hundred Rolls the name was
Latinized both as ad Ulmum and de Ulmo.

NELMESl = Nelm(e, q.v., with the genit.,
NELMS J aiid pi., -s suffix.

NELSON I Nel's or Neil's Son : v. Neil.

2 Nell's Son : v. NelP.

Thomas Nellson. —

Yorhs Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

Thomas Nelson. —

Lane. Fines, A.D. 1458.

Thomas Neelson. —

C/oj? .Rott (Duchy of Lane), A.D. 1462-3.

William Neleson.— iV-/.i?oWs, A.D.1S03.

William Nelson. — .

Lane. Fines, A-.T). i<ii6.

The last named seems certainly to have

hieen an ancestor of Lord Nelson ; and the

-earlier Lancashire Nelson and Neelson

quoted were doubtless of the same stock.
The immediate progenitor of the Norfolk
Nelsons is supposed to have left Lanca-
shire in the suite of the youngest son of
the I St Earl of Derby when he was
appointed Bishop of Ely A.D. 1506-7.

N END (Eng.) a contr. of Atten-End = At the

' End (of the village, wood, etc.) [E.M.E.

at \en ende, O.E. at ^(km ende]

NERN = Nairn, q.v.

NESBIT ] (Eng.) Bel. to Nesbit(t (North-

NESBITT iumb.^; Durham), 13th cent.

NESBETT jTVesebit, 14th cent. Nesbyt [the

first element is rather O.E. ntess, low

gBound == Dut. nes, low marshy ground,

than O.E. nass, a headland h O.E. bita,

a small piece}

Cp. Nisbet(t. ^

NESMITH, a var. of Nasmith, q.v.

NESS 1 (Teut.) I Dweller at a Promontory
NESSE/or Headland [O.E, nass = O.N.

nes']

2 Dweller on Low, Marshy Ground

[v. under Nesbit and Holderness]

N ET H E R BY (Scand.) Bel. to Netherby (Cumb.;
Yorks) = the Lower Farm [O^N. «eSn

+ .by-r]

NETHERCLIFT ( Scand. ) Dweller at the

Lower Cuft or Cleft [O.N. ne'Sri,

lower; and see Clift]

NETHERCOTE 1 (Eng.)DwellerattheLoWER
NETHERCOTT J Cottage [O.E. neo'Sera +

eot]

NETHERFIELD (Eng.) Dweller at the Lower
Field [O.E. neff&era +feld]

NETHERSALL | (Eng. and Scand.) Dweller

NETHERSOLE Vat the Lower Hall [Q.E..

NETHERSOLL J neo'Sera = O.N. seSn, lower

4- O.E. seel = O.N. sal-r, a hall]

But in Kent, where the Nethersoles are
mostly found, a sole is a pond or pooL

NETHERTON (Eng.) Bel. to Netherton ; or

Dweller at the Lower Farm or Hamlet

[O.E. neo'Sera -\- itin']

NETHERWAY (Eng.) Dweller at the Lower
Way [O.E. neo'Sera + weg] ~

NETHERWOOD (Eng.) Dweller at the Lower
Wood fO.E. neo'Sera + wudu\

NETTELFIELD (Eng.) DwellerattheNETTLE- .
Field [O.E. netel + feld]

38

Nettelton

Newborough

NETTELTON (Eng.) Bel. to Nettleton ==
I the Estate of the Netel(a Family

[A.-Sax *Netelinga-tun inga, genit. pi.

of the fil. suff. -ing ; tin, estate, etc.]
The Wilts place occurs in loth-cent.
Latin charters as Netelington.

2 the Nettle-Enclosure [O.E. netel +

tiin\

NETTER (Eng.) Net-Maker [O.E. nett, a niet
f the agent, suff. -ere\

NETTLEFIELD = Nettelfleld, q.v.

NETTLEFOLD (Eng.) Dweller at the Nettle-
Fold [O.E. netel + fal{o)d, a sheepfold]

NETTLESHIP (Eng.) Dweller at (prob.) the
Nettles-Hope \0JK. netel, nettle; and

V. Hope]

NETTLETON = Nettelton, q.v.

NEVE (Teut.) Nephew [M.E. neve, O.E. nefa

= O.N. nefi, nephew p Dut. neef, nephew,

cousin = M.H-Ger. neve, O.H.Ger. nevo

{mod..neffe), nephew]

Walter le Nsve.^Hund. Rolls.

By metonymy, neve also denoted a
spendthrift, or prodigal, as didtlie Lat.
nepos.

NEVES, Neve's (Son) : v. Neve.

NEVETTl
NEVITT

2 app. also = Neve (q.v.) -|- the Fr. dini.
suff. -^)f.

NEVILE ' ( A.-Fr.-Lat. ) Bel, to i N6ville
NEVILL (Normandy: Manche and Seine-
NEVILLE J Inf^rieure) ; 2 Neuville (very com-
mon in France) = the New Town [Fr.
neuve (f.;, Lat. nova, new + Fr. ville,
town ; Lat. villa, estate, manor]

These names were Latinized in our
records de Nova Villa.

NEVIN (Celt.) I a contr. of the Irish Giolla-
naebhin (bh as v)'= the Servant or
Disciple of the Saint [h.giolla, servant,
etc. -I- naebh, naomh (genit. naoimh), a

saint -I- the dim. suft. -lii]

2 the Irish Cnaimhin [mh as v) [Ir.
cndimh, a bone -f- the dim. suff. -/«]

Cp, Niven.

(Eng.) prob. also = Neve (q.v.) the
A.-F;-, dim. suff. -in.

NEVINS Nevin's (Son)

NEVINSON 1 jj , soj, \ V. Nevin.

NEVISON j^^^v""^^""

1 1 for Knevett, Knyvett, q.v.

NEW (Eng.) the New (-Comer) [M.E. '«OTe,

O.E. niwe]

Richard le Newe. — Hund. Rolls.

NEWALL for Newhall, q.v.

Occasionally, as at Newall-with-Clifton,
W.Yorks, we find the tautological name
' Newall Hall.' '

NEWARK (EngJ Bel to Newark = the New

Work or STRbNGHOLD [M.E, newe, O.E.

niwe -t- M.E. wark{e, werk{e, O.E. weorc, a

fortification]

Several Scottish Newarks (notably
Newark Castle, Selkirk) have affixed the
tautological ' Castle' to the name.

NEWARN T(Eng. ) Dweller at the New
NEWARNEJ House [O.E. niwe + earn, a

house]-

nIwball}^-^-'"'"''^-
newberry

NEWBERY

NEWBIGGIN ■! ( A.-Scand! ) Bel. to New-

NEWBIGGING biggin(g, &c., a common

NEWBEGGIN North. Eng. and Scot, place-,

NEWBEGIN J name =? the New Building

or Dwelling [O.N. n^r = O.E. niwe: +

O.^.bygging]

Stephen Ap Newebigging. —

Pipe-Roll, A.D. 1259-60.
Newbegin is in N.Yorks.

I V. Newbury.

NEWBOLD
NEWBOLT
NEWBOULD
NEWBOULT

See Bold'.

Thomas de Neubold. —

Inq, ad guod Damn., A.D. 1322,

NEWBON
NEWBONE

( Eng. ) Dweller at the New
House or Hall [O.E. niwe +
bold, a dwelling, house, palace]

"I I for Newbo(u)rn, q.v.
-I 2

z for Newbond, q.v.
NEWBON D 1 (A.-Scand. ) the New Bond
NEWBOUND f [O.E. «fwe, new; and v. under

Bond]

Richard le Newebonde. — Hund. Rolls.

NEWBORN V (Eng.) Dweller at the New

NEWBOURN I Burn or Brook [O.'E.niwe

NEWBURN J + burne]

Newburn, co. Fife, owes its name to

the diverted course of a brook.

NEWBOROUGH (Eng.) Bel. to Newborough:
V. Newbury. -•

Newborough, Staffs, was Newburgh,
Novus Burgus, in the 14th cent.

Newboltle

39

Newsum

NEWBOTTLE (Eng.) Bel. to Newbottle; or

Dweller at the New House [O.E. niwe +

botl, a house, building]

NEWBURGH\ (Eng.) Bel. to Newburgh,
NEWBURY J Newbury=the New Strong-
hold [O.E. niwe, dat. nlwan- + burh, dat.

byrig]
Newburgh was Latinized de NovoBurgo.

NEWBY (Scand.) Bel. to Newby ; or Dweller

at the New Farmstead or Settlement

[O.N. nji-r + bS-r]

KlwC§ML}f-Newcome,q.v;

N EWCO ME 1 (Eng.)NEWcoMER; Stranger

NEWCpMEN fJM.E. neu, new(e, new(ly +

come{n ; O.E. niwe + cumen, pp. of cuman,

to come]
Robert le Newcomen. —

Close Rolls, A..Ti. i2ii.

NEWDICK (Eng.) Dweller at the New Dike
[O.E, niwe + die]

NEwfLL"} ^°^ Newall = Newhall, q.v.

NEWHALL (Eng.) Bel. to Newhall; or Dweller
at or by the New Hall [O.E. niwe +

h{e)aU]

NEWHAM (Eng.)Bel.toNewham; or Dweller
at the New Enclosure [O.E. niwe +
ham(m, a piece of land,enclosure, dwelling]
' Walter de Neubam.—Hund. Rolls.

NEWIN (Eng^ Dweller at the New Inn or
House [O.E. niwe + inn, a houfee ; cham-
ber]

NEWINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Newington =

At the New Farmstead, Manor,

Estate, &c. [usual A.-Sax. dat. form 'set

Niwantiine,' horn niwe SLDd tiin]

Ic ^Ifgyfu se6 hl{^fdige, Eadweardes
cyninges m6dor, geserndede set Cnute
cyninge mlnum hldforde faet land set
NiwantHne.

(I, ^Ifgifu the lady. King Edward's
mother, obtained from King Canute, my
lord, the land at New(ing)ton). —

Charter of Queen iEIfgifu Emma."

Richard de Newentonp. — Hund Rolls.

NEWINS, pi. of Newin,c^.v.

NEWLAND (Eng.) Bel. to Newland; or
Dweller at the New Land, i.e. Reclaimed
Land , [O.E. niwe + land]

NEWLANDS, pi. of Newland, q.v.

NEWLAY "1 (Eng.) Dweller at the New Lea

NEWLEY J [O.E. niwe + leak (M.E. ley, lay),

a meadow, pasture, field]

[for Newlyn, q.v.

NEWLIN
NEWLING

NEWLYN (Celt.) Bel. to Newlyn (2), Cornwall.
AcC. to Bannister this name denotes the
'New Pool' [Corn. newydh=^A. newydd,
new + Corn. lyn='SNs\. llyn, a pool]; but
this can hardly apply to the Newlyn near
Truro, whose very ancient church is
dedicated to St. Newlyn.

NEWMAN (Eng.) the New Man, Newcomer
[M.E. neu, newe, O.E. niwe + man]

Richard le Neumaii. — Hund. Rolls.

Simon le Neweman.^C/ose Rolls.

This name in our directories is some-
times an Angljcization of the correspond-
ing German Neumann. -

NEWMARCHI (Eng.) Dweller at the New
NEWMARK J March [O.E. nivie; and v.

March]

Adam de Neumarche.'— .ffj/nd. Rolls.

Newmark in ourdirectories is frequently
an Anglicization of the corresp. German
Neuniark. I

NEWNAM for Newnham, q.v.

J:j|WN|S}fo,Newins,q.v.

There is a Newnes village in Shropshire.

NEWNHAM(Eng.)Be!.toNewnham;orDweller
At the New Enclosure, or Residence,
or Estate [A.-Sax. dat. form ' set Niwan- ,
kam(me,' i. niwe and (i) hamm, a piece of
land,, enclosure, messuage; (2) ham,
dwelling, estate]

NEWPORT (Eng.) Bel. to Newport = i the

New Haven [O.E. niwe + port, Lat.

port-US, a harbour]

2 the New Town [O.E. niwe + port;
Lat. porta, a city-gate]

The name of Newport, LW., was
Latinized both as Novus Partus and Novus
Butgus ; Newport, Salop, was called
Novus Burgus (de Novo Burgo) in its'
charter by Henry I ; Newport, Mon., was
called Novus Burgus by Giraldus Cam-
brensis iu order to distinguish it from
Caerleon.

NEWSAM

NEWSHAM

NEWSHOLME

NEWSOM

NEWSOME

NEWSUM

(Eng.) Dweller At the New
Houses [O.E. niwe, new +
Msum, dat. pi. oihus, a house]

Newsholme, E. Yorks,' is also known as
Newsham ; Newsholme, near Gisburn, is
also called Newsome; Newsom (Boldon

Newson

40

Nisbett

Book, Newsom), Durham, is alternatively
Newsham; Newsham, Gilling Wapentake,
is Newhuson in Domesday Book, in which
the Yorkshire Newsholmes occur as
Newhuse ; Newsham, N. Lanes, was
Neusum AS). i2$2.

Adam de Neusum. —

Cal. Inq. P.M., A.D. 1254.
John de Neusum. —

Lane. Fines, A.D. 1370.

NEWSON I New's Son: v. New.
2 for Newsom, q.v.

NEWSTEAD (Eng.) Bel. to Newstead; or
Dweller at the New Place [O.E. niwe +

stede]

NEWTON (Eng.) Bel. to Newton; or

Dweller at the New Farm-stead, Estate,

Manor, &c. [usual A.-Sax. dat. form

' set Niwantune ' (v. under Newington), f.

niwe and <m«]

Alan de Neuton. —

Cal. Inq. P.M., A.D. 1249.
Willelmus de Neweton. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

NIBB = Ibb (q.v.) with attracted initial iV- (as
in Noll, a pet form of Ol-iver).

NIBBS, Nibb's (Son) : v. Nibb.

NIBLETT = Nibb (q.v.) + the double dim.
suff. -el-et.

NICHOLLJ '^™®- °'^ Nicholas, Nicolas, q.v.
Cp. Nicol(l.

NICHOLAS = Nicolas, q.v.

This clerk was cleped hende Nicholas.
—Chaucer, The Millire his Tale, 13.

N!cH§Lfgs}NiCHOL(L)'s(Son)
NICHOLSON, Nichol's Son

v.Nichol(l.

NICK, a dim. of Nicolas, q.v.
for Nicol, q.v.

NICKALL
NICKEL(L
NICKLE
NICKOLL

for Nicols, q.v.

NICKALLS

NICKELS

NICKOLDS

NiCKOLLS

NiCKOLS

NICKERSON, a connipt form of Nickinson
and Nicholson, q.v.

NICKIN =i Nick (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. suff. -in.
The French form is Nicquin.

NiCKINS, Nickin's (Son)

NICKINSON 1 Nickin's Son
NICKISSON J ^^ICKINS bON

v. Nickin.

NICKLESS for Nicolas, q.v.
mCKl:mG}f°'^NicoIin,q.v.

NICKLINSON, NiCKLiN's or Nicolin's Son :
V. Nicolln. . '

NICKS, Nick's (Son) \
NICKSON, Nick's Son/

V. Nick.

■dims, of Nicolas, q.v.

NICOLLS
NICOLS

NICOL '
NICOLE
NICOLL
NICOLLE

In the Hundred Rolls we find the forms
Nicoll, Nicole, Nichole.

Nicole and Nicolle are common French
surnames.

NICOLAS (Gr.) Victorious People or Army

[Gr. N«(i\aos — vUir (vUioi, to conquer ;

vlKiii victory) + Xais, the people, army]

Nicolas is a very common French sur-
name.

NICOLET= Nicol (q.v.)-l- the Fr. dim. suff. -rf.

NICOLIN = Nicol (q.v.)+the Fr. dim. svS.-in.

\ NicoL(L)'s (Son) : v. Nicol(l.

NICOLSON, Nicol's Son: v. Nicol.

NllLLJ^Neild.q.v.

NIELDfor Niel, Neil, q.v.

NIELSON, Niel's Son: v. Niel, Neil.

NIGEL, the Anglicized form of the Lat.
Nigellus = Blackish [a dim. f. Lat. niger,

black]
Nigellus is frequent in Domesday
Book. It was used to Latinize Niel,
Neil, q.v.

NIGHTINGALE \ (Eng.) a nickname from the
NIGHTINGALL/bird [M.E. nyhtegale, etc.,

O.E. nihtegale]
NINDfor Nend, q.v.

NISBET \ (Eng.) Bel. to Nisbet (Berwick,
NISBETT ( Roxburgh, Haddington, &c.), a
form of Nesbit, q.v.

The Roxburgh Nisbet was Nesebita in
the 1 2th cent., Nesebit in the 13th.

Nish

41

Norcross

NISH, a contr. of MacNish, q.v.

NIVEN (Celti) a contr. of Gilniven, the Gael,
and Ir. Gitle-, GioUa-naoimheh (mh as v)
= the Servant or Disciple of the
Saint [Gael. giUe, Ir. gioUa, servant, dis-
ciple + the genit. of naomh, a saint +
the dim. suff. -en]
Cp. Nevin.

NIVENS, NlVEN's(Son)
NIVENSON ~

NIVINSON
NIVISON

■ Niven's Son

V. Niven.

' i pi. of Noak, q.v.

NIX, Nick's (Son) : v. Nick, Nicolas.
William ^ix.—Hund. Rolls.

NIXEY, an abnormal form = Nix (q.v.) + the
E. dim. 'suff. -ey.

NIXON, Nick's Son: v. Nick, Nicolas.
William Nicson. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

NOACK "I ( Eng. ) a contr. of AttenTOak,

NOAK k'-Oke = At the Oak [E.M.E. a(

NOAKE J Ipen (/or ]>er, i.) coke, o^, O.K. let

\>(km (for Jpckre) dc{e]

Philip Attenoke. —

Close Rolls, A.D. 1275.
NOAKES"
NOAKS

NOBB, a dim. name = Hobb (q.v.) with
attracted N- (as'in Noll for Ol-iver).

Geoffrey ^obhe.—ffund. Rolls.

NOBB.S, Nobb's (Son) : y. Nobb.

NOBLE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) [Fr. nople; Lat. nobil-is,
welltknown, noble]

NOBLET ] I = Noble (q.v.) + the Fr. dim.
NOBLETT Uuff. -ei.
NOBLITT J

2 = Nob (v. Nobb) + the Fr. double
dim. suff. -el-el.

Noblet is a common French surname.

NOCK (Celt.) for Knock, q.v.
(Eng.) = Noak, q.v.

NODDER (Eng.) i for the A.-Sax. pers. name
Nowhere [O.E. no}?, boldness + here,

army]
2 perh. also a nickname fromM.E.«o(W^«,
to nod, (orig.) to shake.

NODE (Teut.) = the M,E. Ode (occurring, for
example, in the 14th -cent. Yorks Poll-
Tax) with attracted N- (as in Noll for
Ol-iver) [O.Teut. Oda; Odo—i.O.S&Ti. 6d
= O.N. a«S-r = O.H.Ger, ot = O.E. edd,
prosperity, riches]

NODES, Node's (Son) 1 „ „„ .„
NODESON, Node's Son r- '^°"®-

NOEL(Fr,-Lat.) Children born at Christmas-
tide were sometimes baptised by the
French equivalent of ournames Christmas
and Midwinter [Fr. noel, by euphony for
nael, Christmas; Lat. {dies) natalis, birth-
day]
Adam Noel.— 5cm<. ofGascony, A.D. 1242-3.

NOELSON, Noel's Son : v. Noel.

NOKE = Noak, q.v.

NOKES = Noakes, q.v.

NOLAN (Celt.) the Ir. Nuallan = Famous,-
Noble [Ir. nuall -(- the dim. suff. -dti]

NOLL I a pet form of Oliver (q.v.) with
attracted N-.

Here; lies Oliver Goldsmith, for short-
ness called Noll. — D. Garrick.

2 for Knoll, q.v.

I (Celt.)" the Ir. Nuadhan (nepotic

NOON

NOONE/ —genitive— form O'Nuadhain) =

the New [Ir. (and Gael) nuadh (dh mute),

new + the dim. suff. -an]

NOPPS, an unvoiced form of Nobbs, q.v.

NORBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Norbiiry = the
NoliTH Stronghold [O.E.'noAi 4; huth,

dat. byrig]

Norbury, E. Cheshire, was Norburie in
the i2th cent., Northbury ih the 13th.
Norbury, Staffs, in Domesday Book Nort- ,
berie, was Northbyriixi the 13th cent.

NORCOMBE(Eng.) Dweller at the North
Hollow [O.E. not^ + cumb (from Celt.]
There is a Northcombe in W. Devon.

NORCOTTl (Eng.) Dweller at the North
NORCUtT i Cottage [O-E. noi^ + cot]

There are places called Norcott in
Herts and Berks.

See Northoot(t.

NORCROFT (Eng.) Dweller at the North
Croft [O.E. noif -I- croft, a small field]

There is a hamlet called Norcroft near
Barnsley, Yorks.

NORCROSS (Scand.) Dweller at the North

Cross [0.N. nor^-r -\- kross (ult. £. Lat.

crux, crucis^

More specifically, Norcross (spelling the

same in the early i6th cent.) near Fleet-

w/ood. Lanes.

Norden

42

Northampton

NORDEN (Eng.) Dweller at tile North
Valley XO.E. norf, + denu]

But the name in our directories is
sometimes the German and Scand. Norden
= North.

Confused with Nordon.

NORDON (Eng.) Dweller at the North Down
[O.E. nor]> + dtin, a hill]

There are Northdov#ns in Kent and
Pembroke.

Confused with Norden. ,

NORFOLK (Eng.) One from Norfolk, the

A.-Sax. NorthfdIc=the Northern People

I [O.E. ti0r]> +folc, folk, people]

... the fertheste ende of Northfolk —
Piers Plowman, 2950.

NORGATE (Eng.) DwelleV at the North
Gate [O.E. norf + geat]

(Scand.) Dweller at, the North Road
or Way [O.N, nor\i-r + gata]

North{e)gate occurs in the Yorks PoU-
Tax (A.D. 1379), and Northgate in the
Hundred Rolls for Norfolk (A.D. 1274).

NORGRAVE I (Eng.) Dweller at the North
NORG ROVE J Grove \0.'E. nor]f + grdf[

NORKETT, a corrupt form of Norcott,q.v.

NORLEY (Eng.) Dweller at the North Lea
[O.E. nor\f + ledh (M.E. ley]

More specifically Nofley, Chesh., in
the r4th cent. Northlegh, Norlhley.

NORMAN (Teut.) Northman [(i) O.Fr.
Norman{d, Dan.-Nofw. Nordmand, O.N.
Nof^maiS'r (pi. Nor^menn), Northman ;
Norwegian' (2) O.E. Jfor^mann, Norse-
man ; Dane]

In the A.-Saxon Chronicle the term
NorVmen{n sometimes embraces the
Danes (v. A.D. 787). Elsewhere they are
distinguished (v, A.D. 924) — ' . . . o6g}>er
ge Englisce, ge Denisce, ge NortSmen, ge
obre ' (. . . both English and Danes, and
Northmen and others).

NorVman occurs as a pers. name in
.England in the loth and nth centuries.

Normannus ( frequent ) ; Norman ;
Northman. — Domesday Book. ' 1

Mathew le Norman; — Hund. Rolls. '

Robert Northman.-

do.

Norman de Arcy. — do.

'E[t] Peitevin e[t] Bretun et Norman. —
La Chanson de Roland, 3g6i.

NORMAN BY (Scand.) Bel. to Normanby (fre-
quent in the great Scandinavian counties
Lines and Yorks) == the Northman's
Settlement' [v. under Norman, and -|-
O.N. 6j/-r, settlement, farmstead]

NORMANSELL (Eng.) Dweller at (app.)-

Norman's or the Northman's Hall

[O.E. seel = O.N. sal-r, a hall]

NORMANTON (Eng. and Scand.) Bel. to
Normanton = Norman's br the North-
man's Estate [O.E. tiin = O.N. tm,
enclosure, estate]

The Normanton near Southwell, Notts,
occurs in a tenth-century charter both as
Normaniun and Nordmantun.

NORMIN(G)TON for Normanttfn, q.v.

NORREYS ( A. - Fr. -Teut. ) Northman;
Northerner [O.Fr. Noreis, Noreys, Nor^- "
reis, Nor(r)ois, Northman, Northerner;
ATor- -I- m, Lat. -gnjH] ■ ■'
Hugh le Norreis. —

Charter Rolls, A.D. iigg.

Thomas le Noreys. —

Hun4. Rolls, A.D. 1274^^
Walter le Noreis. —

Pari. Writs, A.D. 13 13.

, Robert le Norreys. —

Cal. Inq. P.M., A.D. 1327. ,

Cp. NoppJs.

NORRINGTON, a corrupt form of Northamp-
ton (q.v.) through the i3th-cent. form
Norhantonfe.

NORRIS I (A.-Fr.-Teut.) = Norreys, q.v.

mSddII u I (A--Fr.-Lat.) the Nurse {M.E.
NORRISH J „^„-^g_ noryce; O.Fr. norrice (Fr.
nourrice) ; Lat. nutrix, -icis, a nurse]
Alicia le Noryce. — Cal. Inq. P.M.

I trowe that to a norice in this cas. —

Chaucer, Cant. Tales, £561.

NORTH (Eng.) One from the North [O.E.

- norY\

NORTHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Northam (Devon, .
Hants, &c.) = the North Enclosure
[O.E. nor^ -\- ham{m, a piece of land, en-
closure]

NORTHAMPTON (Eng.) Bel. to Northampton,

A.D. 917 and 921 Hamtun, Domesday

Northantone = At the North High

Town [O.E. iior'^, north + hedm, hedn

dat. of hedh, high -|- jM«(e]

Northampton is situated on a slope
rising from the R. Nen. Apparently
North- was added to the name in order
to distinguish it from Southampton. .

Northcot

43

Nottingham

NORTHCOT ] (Eng.) Bel. to Northcot(e,

NORTHCOTE \ Northcott = the North

NORTHCOTT J Cottage [O.E. norTp + cot]

Northcott, Berks, seems, however, to

be for an earlier Noi'thcourt. ^

NORTHERN"! (Eng.) Northerner [M.E.

NORTHEN J northern; O.E. nor^em (and

nor^an), from tne north]

NORTHEY (Eng, and Scand.) Dweller at

I the North Island [O.E. «orl'=O.N.«o/-f'-r

' + O.E. i{e)g = O.N. ey, island]

2 the North Hey (Enclosure) [O.E.

hag-, haga '= O.N. hagi, enclosure, field]

Northey (Island), Essex, is near the

meet of the Blackwater and the Chelmer.

NORTH LEY (Eng.) Dweller at the North
Lea [O.E. «orJ> + ledh (M.E. ley]

NORTHOP \ (Eng.)Bel.toNorthoporNoRTH-
NORTHUP J Hope (Flint) [O.E. nor]> ; and ▼.

Hope]
(Scand. and E°gO i°^ Northorp(e, q.v.

NORTHORP i (Scand. and Eng.) Bel. to
NORTHORPE J Northorp(e (Lines" ; Yorks)

= the North Farm or Hamlet [O.N.

ttOri'-r = O.E. nor]> + O.N. and O.E, YprpJ

NORTHOVER (Engl) Dweller at the North
,' Bank or Shore ' [0:E.tior]> + dfer]

Northover, Soms., is on thp north bank
of the R. Yeo.

NORTHRUP } ^°'''°^ °^ Northopp(e, q.v.

NORTON (Eng.) Bel. to Norton = the North

Farm, Estate, or VilIage , [A.-Sax.

Nor)^tm^^nor§ + tAn]

NORWELL (Eng.) Dweller at the North
Well or Spring [O.Ei ndr^ + wieU(a]

NORWICH (Eng.) Bel.. to Norwich, theA.-Sax.
Nmfwic = the North Place [O.E. nor]

NORWOOD (Eng.) Dweller at the North
Wood [O.E. nor]) + wudu]

NOSWORTHY 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Nos(e)worthy
NOSEWORTHY [ (7' Devon) [the second ele-
ment is the O.E. wor^ig, a farm, enclosure:
the first element may be the South.E.
nose, a neck of land]

NOTHARD (Teut.)i i Neat-Herd [Q.N. naut
= 0-E. nedt, cattle + O.N. hirlpi-r = O.E.
hierde, herd(sn)an]
Willelmus Nouthird. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

2 the A.-Sax. pers. name No\'h{e)ard

[O.E. nl!\>, boldness -f- A (e)a/-rf, hard, brave]

NOTLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Notley = i the Nut-
Tree-Lea [M.E. not(e, O.E. hnutu + M.E.
ley, O.E. ledh]

2 :Not(t)'s' or Hnotta's Lea [pers.
name f. O.E. knot, bald, close-crapped]

3 CNorrA'S' Lea [pers. name f. O.E.
cnotta = O.N- kmit-r (whence Cnut or

Canute), a knot]

NOTMAN = Not(e)'s MAN(-Seryant) : v.
under Nott.
Richard Noteman. — Hund. Rolls.

NOTON, V. Nottoh-

NOTSON, Npt(e)'s or Nott's Son : v. Nott.

Johannes Nottson; — '

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

NOTT (Eng.) I Bald ; Close-Cropped [M.E.
not, nott{e, O.E. knot]

The A.-Sax. pers. name Hnotta occurs.
Hugh le Notte.— H««d. Rolls.
A twt heed' [head] hadde he, with a
broun visage. —

Chaucer, Prol. Cant. Tales, 109.

. . . your nott headed country gentleman.
—Old Plays, VI. 150 ; T. Wright.

2 tor Knott', q.v.

3 the (rare) A.-Sax. pers. name Cnotta
[O.E. cnotta, m., knot], corresp. to the
O.N. Knilt-r [O.N. knAt-r, m., knot] ; also
(inore often) an Anglicized form (loth and
nth cent. Cnut, whence mod. Canute) oi
the Scand. name : v. Knot(t' and Nutt.

\ (Eng.) I a nickname from the

NOTTAGE

NOTTIDGE / bird called the Nothatch (or
Nuthatch) [M.E. not{e, O.E. hnutu, a riut
-f-a palatal deriv. of O.E. haccian, to hack],

2 Bel. to Nottage (Glam.) [by analogy,
the -age here may be for -wich, O.E. wfc,

a place]

NOTTING (Eng.) represents i an A.-Sax.
Hnotting = Hnotta's Son [f. O.E. hnot,
bald, close-cropped ; with ti6ie 'son ' sufT.

-ing]

2 an A.-Sax. Cwoftw,? = Cnotta's Son
[O.E. cnotta, in., a knot; with the 'son '

suff. -ing]

There seems to be no evidence for a
loi^al origin [O.N.E. ing, a meadovv] of
this name.

Cp. Nutting.

NOJTINGHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Nottingham,
1 3th cent. Notinghairi, the Ai-Sax, Snotinga-
hdm = the Home of the Snot(a Family,
[the pers. name is prob. contracted f. O.E.'
snotor= O.N. snotr (in^fact, the form
Snothringham occurs in \ Latin charter

. A.D. 868), wise, prudent (cp. N.E. snot,

neat, handsome)-fthe genit. pi. {-inga) of

-w,?, son -)- Mm, home, estate]

Notton

44

Nye

NOTTON (Eng.) Bel, to Nottori (Yorks : 14th
cent. Notton; Dorset) = (prob.) Nott's
Estate [v. Nott, and + M.E. -ton, O.E.

tin\

NOURSE = Nurse, q.v.

NOwfu!" I Ang''<:'2ed forms of Noel, q.v.
NOWLAN, V. Nolan.

NOYCE \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller by a Nux-

NOYES /Tree; spec, a Walnut-Tree [Fr.

mix (O.Fr. mis), a walnut, nut ; Lat. nux,

nucis, a nut (-tree]

NUGENT (Fr.) Bel. to Nogent (common in
France;=the Fair (Wet) Mead [Fr. noue,
a wet meadow; L.Lat. Borfa + O.FT.gent{e,
fair; l.a.t.genit-; f.^e«i, a patrician family]
Noe est encore usit6 en basse Norman-
die avec le sens de petit cours d'eau, petit
canal, ruisseau. On dit: une prairie de me,
ou de noue, ou par abr6viation une noe, une
noue, pour une prairie travers6e par un
ou plusieurs petits cours d'eau qui lui
donnent de I'humidite. — Stappers, Diet.
Synopt. d'Etym. Pranf., p. 795.

Many bearers of the name Nugent in
England are immigrants (or descendants
of immigrants) from Ireland, where this
French name was usually Hitjernicized
as Nuinnseann.

NUN(N (A.-Lat.) i Nun (a nickname; and
prob. applied to the children of a married
woman after she had taken the monastic
vow) [M.E. O.E. nunne, L.Lat. nunna,

nonna\
2 Monk [f. L.Lat. nonn-us, a monk]

(Eng.) a descendant of the A.-Sax.

(royal) pers. name Nunna [prob. f. L.Lat.

nonn-us, a monk, father]

'Ego Nunna rex SflJ'saxouum . . .' (A.D.
692).— Cart. Sax., No. 78.
rarely (Heb.) the Heb. Nun [f. Heb.
nun, to sprout, flourish]

Joshua, the sonbf JV«». — Ex. 33. 11.

NUNNS, NUNN'S (Son) \ ,

NUN(N)SON, NUN(N)'s Son ; ^- Nun(n.

Hugo Nunneson. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.
NURSE (A.-Ff.-Lat.) (lit.)ONE who Nourish-
es [M.E. mrice, nurice, O.Fr. norrice (Fr.
' nourrice) ; Lat. nutrix, -icis, a nurse]

NURSEY = Nurse, (q.v.) -|- the E. dim. suff.

NUSSEY (A.Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Noisy (a fairly

common French place-name), the L.Lat.

Nucetum = the Nut-Grove [f. Lat. nux,

nucis, a nut (-tree) ; with the 'plantation'

suff. -et-uni\

There has prob. been some confusion
with the preceding name.

NUTBEAM (Eng.) Dweller by the Nut-Tree

[O.E. hnutbedm]
NUTE, V. Nutt.

NUTHALL (Eng^ Bel. to Nuthall (Notts: 13th

cent. Nuthal) = the Nut (-Tree) Nook,

or Slope [O.E. hnutu + h{e)al{h, a nook,

corner; h(e)al (for h(e)ald) = O.N. hall-r,

= Ger. halde, a slope]

Cp. Nuttall.

NUTHURST (Eng.) Bel. to Nuthurst; or
Dweller at the Nut-Grove [O.E. hnutu

+ hyrst^
Nuthurst, Warw., was Hnuthyrst A.D,
872.

NUTKIN = Nut(t (q.v.) -|- the E. (double) dim.
suff. -kin [O.L.Ger. -k-in'\

NUTKINS, NUTKIN'S (Son): v. Nutkin. '

NUTLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Ntitley; or Dweller
at the Nut (-Tree) Lea [O.E. hnutu+ledh

(M.E. ley]
Nutley, Hants, was Hnut-ledh A.D. 932,

NUTMAN (Eng.) i Dealer in Nuts [O.E.
hnutu, a nut -\- man{n]
2 Nut(t)'s Man (-Servant): v. Nutt
(A.-Scand.)

NUTSON, Nut(t)'s Son : v. Nutt.

NUTT (A.-Scand.) an Anglicized form (loth

and nth cent. Cnut) of the O.N. Kniit-r

(Canute) [O.N. kniit^, a knot]

(Eng.) I Dweller by a Nut-Tree [O.E!

hnutu, a nut]

2 occ. conf. with Nott, q.v.

NUTTLE^} (Eng) for Nuthall, q.v.

Nuttall, Lanes, was spelt the same
A.D. 1541.

NUTTER (Eng.) i Nut-Dealer [O.E. hnutu
-\- the agent, suff. -ere]
(rarely) 2 a descendant of the A.-Sax.
pers. name Nowhere [O.E. izrftS, boldness
-f here, army]
NUTTING (A. -Scand.) may represent" the
AngUcized form Cnut of the O.N. Kntit-r
(v. Nutt, A.-Scand.) with the O.Teut. fil.
suff. -ing ; but more likely = the ' Nut-
Meadow' [O.E. hnut, nut -f- O.N.E. ing,
O.N. eng, meadow]
Willelmus Nutyng. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D! 1379.
Cp. Netting.

NUTTMAN, v. Nutman.

NYE (Eng.) a contr. of Atten-Ey(e = At the

Island [E.M.E. at yen (for fer) eye = O.E.

, <it ^Are i{e)ge'\

(Scand.) the Scaad. form of New, q.v.

[Scalnd. ny, new]

O'.

45

O'Callaghan

o

O'- (Celt.) Grandson, Descendant (of) fir. ,
^ or ua (= Gael, ogha, a grandchild]

For O'- names not found below see the
name without the prefix.

OAK 1 (Eng.) Dweller by an Oak-Tree

OAKE J [M.E. o{c)k, ok{e, O.E. dc\

Richard atte Oke.— CaZ. Inq. P.M.

OAKDEN (Eng.) Dweller at the Oak- Valley
[O.E. dc + demi]

OAKES, pi., an,d genit., of Oak(e, q.v.
Roger of the Okes. — Pari. Writs.

OAKESHOTT, v. Oakshott.

OAKEY (Eng.) Dweller at i the OakJsland

or -Waterside [O.E. dc, oak-tree -f- i(e)g

(M.E. «y), island, etc]

2 the Oak-Hey (Enclosure) * [0,E. dc,
oak-tree + htBg; haga, enclosure, field]

OAKFORD (Eng.) Dweller at the Oak-Ford
(Ford by the Oaks) [O.E. dc, oak-tree -1-

fordl
OAKHAM (Eng.) Dweller at the Oak-Land
[O.E. dc -\- ham(m, a piece of land, en-
closure]

OAKHILL (Eng.) Dweller at the Oak-Hill

[O.E. dc + hyll]

There are villages of this name in Soms.
and Wilts.

OAKLEY \ (Eng.) Bel. to Oakley; or Dweller

OAKLY I at the Oak-Lea [O.E. ac, oak-tree

-t- ledh (M.E. fe(j-]

This name is commonly found in the

Hundred Rolls as Ocle(e.

OAKMAN (Eng.) -= Oak (q.v.) -\- man.

OAKSHOTT (Eng.) Dweller at i the Oak-
Corner [E. oak, M.E. oke, etc. -f Dial.E.
shot, a corner of land ; O.E. dc, oak-tree,
and sce6t, scedt, a comer, projection]
2 (occ.) the Oaks-Wood [M.E. okes,
oaks + holt, O.E. holt, a wood]

OAR 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Gate = the (River-)
, OARE J Bank or Shore ' [0,E. dra]

The Berkshire Oare was Ora A.D. g68.

OASLER
OASTLER

OAT "I (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the French Ot(t, from

OATE/ Ger. Otho, Ot(t)o [(. O^H.Ger. iSt =

O.Sax. dd (= O.N. aaS-r = O.E. edd),

wealth, bliss]

) (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the French Ots, also
j formerly Ot{h)es = Ot and Ot{k)e (v.

I for Ostler, q.v.

DATES
OATS

under Oat(e) with formative -i.

(Eng.) a nickname for a Dealer in Oats
[M.E. otes;>0.'E. dte, oat]

Andreas Otes.—Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.

Otes de Howarth. — '

YorksPoll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

U est Otes et li quens [comte]
Berengers? — Im Chanson de Roland, 2405.

OAT(E)SON, Oat(e)'s or Oat(e)s' Son.

OATLEY (Eiig.) ' Dweller at the Oat-Lea

[O.E. dt(e)-ledh]

OBEE ] (Scand.) Bel. to Oby (Norf.) [O.N.
OBEY ■ by-r, a. settlement, farmstead: the
OBY J firstelementmaybeforanAngliciza-
tion of the O.N. eik, oak (as the neighbour-
ing Ashby is Anglicized), or for a pers.
narhe — Odd, Aud]
Oby is one of a httle cluster of Scand.
names in the country to the north of Yar-
mouth.

O'BEIRN'E (Celt.) the Ir. O'Beirn, O'Birn =
O'Brain, q.v.

OBERRY for Oldbury, q.v.

OBORN \ (Eng.) Bel. to Oborne (Dorset),

OBORNE J app. the Domesday Wocbume —

the Crooked Brook [O.E. wdh + burite\

O'BOYLAN (Celt.) the Ir. aBaoigh{e)allain =

Descendant of Baogh(e)allan [v.under

O'Boyle, and -|- the dim. suff. -an]

O'BOYLE (Celt.) the Ir. O'Baoighill = De-
scendant OF Baoghall [Ir. 0, grandson^
descendant -(- the genit. of baoghal, peril,

danger]

O'BRAIN (Celt.) Descendant of Bran = the

Raven [v. O'-, and -1- the genit., brain,

of O.Ir. and O.Gael, bran, a raven]

There has been some little confusion '
with O'Brien.

O'BRIEN \. (Celt.) the Ir. O'Briain --= Des-

O'BRYEN J CENDANT of Brian [v. O-', and

-t- the genit. of Brian, q.v.]

O'BYRNE (Celt.) the Ir. O'Broin = Descen-
dant OF Bran : v. O'Brain.

The Ir. and Gael, brotnn is a genit. of
bra. 'belly'; but this (unlike O.E.wamb)
does not seem to have been used as a
pers. name.

O'CALLAGHAN (Celt.) the Ir. O'Ceallachain

= Pescendant OF Ceallachan [v. O'-,

and Callaghan]

O'.Cassidy

46

O'Donohoe

,0'CASSIDY (Celt.) the Ir. O'Caiside = De-
scendant OF Ca(i)side [(i) Ir. cas, a
twisted lock ; ingenious, clever + the
pers. suff. -id{h)e ; (2) cats, love, esteem-|-
the adj. plen. suff. -de]

OCCLESHAW (Eng.) Bel. to Occleshaw

(Lanes), i3tn cent. Aculleschawe, Acolfshag

=Acolf"s, or Acwulf's Wood [O.E.

sc{e)aga, a wood]

OCCLESTON (Eng.) Bel. to Occlestone
(Ches.), A;D. 1303-4 Occlekton = Acolf's
or AcwuLf's Estate . [O.K. tiiti]

This origin is based on the analogy of
Occleshaw.

OCHILTREE (Celt.) Bel. to Ochiltree (Ayr),
anc. Uchiltre = the High Homestead or
Hamlet [Cym. uchel, high+«rftdwelling(s]

OCKENDEN (Eng.) Dweller at the Oak-
Valley [M.E. oken, O.E. dcen, f. dc, oak-
tree -1- M.E. den{e, O.E. denu, a valley]
Frequently, however, this name is for
Ockendon, q,v.

OCKENDON (Eng;) Bel. to Ockendon (Essex);

or Dweller at the Oak-Hill [M.E. oken,

O.E. dcen, f. dc, oak-tree -1- M.E. -i««,

O.E. dun, a hill]

OCKFORD = Oakford, q.v.

OCKLESHAW'= Occleshaw, q.v.

OCKLES,TON(E = Occleston, q.v.

O'CLEARY \ (Celt.) the Ir. O'Cleirigh = De-
O'CLERY J scendant of Clerech [v. O-',

and Cleary']

OCLEE, a M.E. var. of Oakley, q.v.

O'CON NELL (Celt.) i the Ir. O'Conghail =
Descendant of Cong(h)al, i.e. Conflict.

2 the Ir. O'Conaitl = DescendaNiT of
Conall, i.e., Love, Friendship.

O'CONNOR
O'CONOR

1 (Celt.) the Ir. 0'Conchobhair=
I Descendant of Conchobhar
[v. O'-, and Con nop]

\ (Engf) I Bel. to Odeham (Devon).

ODAM
OOEM

If the first eleriient is the pers. name
Ode (v. under Od((ll)ie), the second will
■represent O.E. hdm, home, estate : if the
first element is an aphse?fetic form of M.E.
' wode {OS. wudu), a wood, the second will
represent O.E. ham(m, a piece of land,
enclosure.

2 Bel. to Odiham (Haiits) : v. Odiham.

ODDlEl I f. the A.-French Odo, later Orfe [f.
ODDY . O.Sax.(fi= O.N. awS-r, wealth, bliss],'
ODEY with the E. dim. suff. -te, -e)y.
ODY '

The famous half-brother of William I,

always appears on the Bayeux Tapestry

as Odo.

John m. Ode.— Hund. Rolls.
Cp. Oat(e.

2 f. the common A.-Sax. Oda, Odda [f.
dd, a form of O.E. edd, wealth, bliss, with'
the loth and nth cent. Od(d)a influenced
by the cognate O.N. Au'S-rJ, with the E.
dim. suff. -ie, -e)y.

The Roman Emperor Otto, and also his
nephew of the same nanie, are called
Odda in the A.-Sax. Chronicle A.D. 982.

ODDIKER, an assim. form of OldaCre, q.v.

ODELL (Eng.) Bel, to Odell (Beds), form.

Wodhull = the Wood-Hill [M.E. wode,

O.E. wudu + M.E. hull, O.E. hylQ

Odell Castle ... is situated on an

emmence in the midst of well-wooded

grounds.— iVa/. Gaz.

(A.-Fr.-Teut.) a dim. f. Odo, Ode: v.
under Oddie, etc. [Fr. dim. suff. -el]

ODGER (Teut.) a form (prop. O.Saxon) of

Eadgar: v. Edgar [O. Sax. 6d=O.B..Ger.

6t = O.E. edd = 0:N. aiiS-r, wealth; bliss

+ O.Sax. O.H.Ger. g£r = O.E. gdr =

O.N. ^ejVr, a spear]

Li quens Oger li Daneis

(The count Oger the Dane).—:

La Chanson de kolaMd,y>'i'i- ■
ODGERS, Odger's (Son): v. Odger.

ODIHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Odiham (Hants), 13th

cent. Odiham = (app.) Odi's Estate [v.

Od(d)y, and -|- O.E. hdm, home, estate]

ODIN EL (Fr.-Teut.) the Scand. name Odin,.
O^inn [f. O.N. (JS-r, furious, eager, mad],
with the Fr. dim. suff. -el.

Geoffrey Odinel.—Hund. Rolls (Yorks).

ODLIN (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the French Odelin, f.-
Odo [v. under, Od die] with the double
dim. suff. -el-ifi. .

Henry Oielin.—Hund. Rolls.

ODLING = Odiln (q.v.) with added -g.

ODNEL for Odinel, q.v.

O'DONNELL (Celt.) the Ir. ODornhnaill =
Descendant of Domhnall [y. OS and

Dohal]
O'DONOGHOE 1 (Gelt.) the Ir. O'Donnchadha
O' DO NOG HUE \= Descendant of Donn-
O'DONOHOE J CHADH [v. O'-, and Dona-

ghie]

0' Donovan

47

'Grady

O'DONOVAN (Celt.) the Ir. aDon{n)dhubhain

= Descendant of Pon(n)dubhan [v.

O'-, and Donovan]

O'POWD \ (Celt.) the Ir. Ui Dubhda = (One

O'DOWDA J of the) Descendants of Dubhda

or DuBHDE [Ir. ui, pi. of ua or rf, grandson,

descendant ; and see Dowd (Celt.]

O'DRISCOLL (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Eidirsceoil =
Descendant of Eidirsceol [v. O'-, and
+ the intervocalic insertion h, and v.

Driscoll]

O'DUGAN (Celt.) the Ir. O'Dubhagain = De-
scendant OF DUBHAGAN [ V. O'-, and

Dugan]

O'DWYER (Celt.) the Ir. O'Dmbhidhir =
Descendant of Dubheidir, i.e. Black
EiDiR [v. O'-, and + the genit. df dubh,
black, dark 4- the genit. of Wdzr, sense,

wisdom]

ODY, v: Oddy.

O'FALLON (Celt.) the Ir. O'Fallomhain =
Descendant of Fallomhan [v. O'-, and

Fallon]
OFFER 1
OFFOR I 3ssim. forms of Orfeur.q.v.

OFFLEY (Eng.) Bel. to OfQey (Herts, the

A.-Sax. (roth cent.) 0#(j»-/ffcfA; ' Staffs",

Domesday Offeleia, Offelie) = Offa's Lea

[O.E. Offan-, genit. of Offa + ledh, a

meadow, field]

OFFORD (Eng.) i Bel; to Offord (Hunts), the
A.-Sax. Ottanford = Otta's Ford [O.E.
Ottan-, genit. oi,OUa (a var; of Otto, q.v.)

+ ford]
a an assim. form of OrfoPd, q.v. ,

0'FLAHERTY(CeIt.) their. O' Flaithbheartaigh

= Descendant of Flaithbheartach [v. ,

O'-, and Flaherty]

O'FLINN \ (Celt.) the Ir. O'Flainn ='De.
O'FLYNN I SCENDANT OFFLANN.i.e. the Red

[v. O'-, and + the genit. of Ir. jtann, red ;

vlrhence also the name Flan(n)agan, with
the doable dim. suff. -iSg-dti]

Flann, or, as he is usually called, Flann
of the Monastery, was a celebrated
annalist, poet, and professor, who
flourished at Monasterboice and died
A.D. 1056.—

Joyce, Irish Names of PI., ii. 148.

. O'G ARA (Celt.) the Ir. 0'GarfAra= Descendant
OF Gadhar, i.e. the Hound [v. O'-, and
+ the genit. of ^adAar (dA mute), a hound]

OGBORN(E 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Ogbourne

OQBOURN(E J (Wilts), -forta. Okeburne =the

Oak (-bordered) Stream [O.'E.dc+bUrne:

with c (li) voiced to g by the influence of

the following voiced letter 6]

OGDEN (Eng.) Bel. to Ogden (Lanes, Yorks,
Hants, &c.) — a voiced form of Oakden,
q.v.
Elias de Akeden.— ^

Lane. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1246-7. :

Thomas Okeden. —

Lanc.Fines,A.D. 1444.

OGILVIE\ (Celt.) Bel. to Ogilvie (Forfar),
OGILVY J early 13th cent. O^jtow [the first
element may be the Pict. cognate of Wei.
uchel, high ; and (if the physiography of
the place bears it out) the second element
may represent a mutated form of Wei.
ban = Gael, beinn, a peak : but further
, early forms are desirable] ,

The third son [of Gilibride, Earl of
Angus, temp. David I.] Gilbert, assumed
the surname of Ogilvy from lands so called
in his possession, of which, with Powrie
and Kyneithein in Angus, he had a charter
in ^l^2.— Burke's Peerage, &c., s.n. 'Airlie'.

OG LE (Teut.) 1 Bel. to Ogle (Northumb.), 12th-
13th cent. OggeKj, OggilQ, Oghell, Oghill,
Ogel(l, Hoggel, etc. ['There is no real hill
at Ogle'; so that in view ot the village-
names Ogle(s)by and Oglethorp the
Northumbrian place-name mus.t represent
a pers. name (v. 2) with a lost local suff.]

2 the O.Scand. CEgel, (Egil [f , with dim.
Stiff. -e)l, O.N. ag-, agi, awe, terror] (cp.
Ayl-) ; and dec. the O.Scand. (Eguald-r,
Aguald-r \uald, might]

See Sir Henry A. Ogle's 'Researches
into the Origin of the NaffleOgle' (1901);
and his ' Ogle and Bothel' (1902).

OGLEBY
OGELBY
OGILBY

oglesby;

(Scand.) Dweller at CEgel's, or

cEguald's, Settlement or

Farmstead [v. under Ogle', and

+ O.N. 6j)-r]

OGLETHORP (Scand.) Bel. to Oglethorpe

(Yorks),the Domesday Oglestorp = (Egel's ,

or CEguald's, Farm [v. under Ogle', and

+ O.N. ^orp]

OG LEY (Eng.) Bel. to Ogley (Staffs), 1 5th cent.
Oggeley, 1300 Oggeleye (app. included in,
an estate c^alled A.D. 996 Ocgingtun) =
= OcGA's or Ogga's Lea [O.E. ledh, a
meadow: Ogga (genit. Oggan-) is seem-
ingly a dim. form of one of the Os-g—
names, such as Osgar, Qsgod, etc;]

O'GORMAN (Celt.) the Ir. O'Gormain =

Descendant of Gorman [v. O'-, and

! Gorman]

O'GR/KDY (Ce]t)tM]r.O'Grdda = Descen-
dant of GrAda [v. O'-, anij Grady]

O'Hagan

48

Okie

O'HAGAN (Celt.) the Ir. O'hAedhagain = De-
scendant OF Aedhagan [v. O'-, and +
the intervocalic insertion h+aedh, fire,
ardour, and the geniti of the double dim.
suff. -gdn {6g-tin\

O'HALLIGAN (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Ailecain =
Descendant of Ailecan, i.e. the Noble,
Beautiful [v. O'-, and + the intervoca-
licjnsertion h + ail, a stone, rock ; noble,
beautiful, + the genit. of the double, dim.
sufl. -can {-6c-dri\

O'HANLEY) (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Ainlighe =

O'HANLY /Descendant of Ainleach or

AiNLE, i.e. the Comely,. Fair [v. O'-, and

+ the intervocalic h + the genit. of

ainleach or ainle]

O'HANLON (Celt.) [the Ir. O'h-Anluain =

Descendant of Anluan, i.e. Noble

Warrior [v. O'-, and + the intervocalic

insertion h + aon, one, also noble, good,

and the genit. of luan, a warrior, hero]

O'HANNANUCelt.) i the Ir. O'h-Ainnin =
O'HANNON J Descendant of Annin.

2 the Ir. O'h^Annain = Descendant of
Annan [v. O'-, and -f the intervocahc
insertion h + Ir. ann, skill, or anna,
wealth ; with the genit. of the dim. suff.]

O'HARA (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Eaghra = De-
scendant of Eaghra [v. O'-, and + the
intervocalic insertion K\

Eaghra mac Poprigh*, tighearna Lui-
ghne, Connacht [lord of Luighne, Con-
naught]. —

Ann. of the Four Masters, A.D. 926.

*He is the ancestor from whom the

Ui-Eaghra, or Cf Haras, of Leyny, in the

coimty of Sligo, have derived their name.

— A.F.M., note, ii. 620.

O'HARE (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Ir = Descendant
OE Ear [v. O'-, and -f- the intervocalic in-
sertion h + the genit. ol Ir. ear, east]

O'HART (Celt.) the Ir. 0'/i-^irt= Descendant

of Art, i.e. a Stone; Noble [v. O'-, and

-|-the intervocalic insertion A -)-the genit.

oi Art: v. under Arthur^]

O'HARTIGAN (Celt.) = O'Hart (q.v.) with
the double dim. suff. ig-dn.

O'HAY \ (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Aedha = Descei*!-

O'HEA i DANT of Aedh, i.e. Ai^dour [v. O'-,

and -f the intervocalic insertion h + the

genit. of aedh, ardour, fire : cp. Wei. aidd,

ardour]
Cp. Mac Kay.

O'HEALEY (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Eilidhe = De-
scendant of Eilidh, i.e. the Hind [v. O'-,
and + the intervocalic insertion h + the
genit. of eilidh, a hind]

O'HEANY (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Aonaigh = De-
scendant of Aonach, i.e. the Prince
[v. O'-, and + the intervocalic insertion h
-H the genit. of aonach, a prince]

O'HENERY (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Inneirghe = De-
scendant of Inderghe or Innerghe.

Inderghe mac Mochdin
(Innerghe, son of Mochan). —

Ann. of the Four Masters, A,D. 953.

O'HENNESSY (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Aenghusa =

Descendant OF Aengus: v! Angus [v.O'-,

and + the intervocalic insertion h + the

&s^. g&nii. oi Aengus\

O'HERAGHTY (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Aireachtaigh

■ = Descendant of Aireachtach, i.e. the

Nobleman [v. O '-, and + the intervocalic

insertion h + aireach, a noble -1- the genit.

of the plen. suff. -tacK\

O'HICKEYl (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Icidhe = De-

O'HICKIE J scendant of Icidhe, i.e. the

Healer [v. O'-, and + the intervocahc

insertion h + si deriv. from the root ic, to

heal]

O'HIGGIN \ (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Uiginn =
O'HIGGINS J Descendant of Uige, i.e.-
a Jewel [v. O'-, and + the intervocalic
insertion h -{■ the genit. of uige^

O'HYNE \ (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Eidhin =I)E-

O'HYNES J scendant of Eadhin [v. O'-,

and -I- the intervocalic insertion h + the

genit. of a dim. f. eadh, a guard, protection]

O'KANE
O'KEANE _

the Warrior [v. b'-, and + the genit. of
cathdn, a dim. f. cath, war, warrior]

OKE = Oak(e, q.v.

O'KEEF 1 (Celt.) the Ir. O'Caoitnh (mhasv)
O'KEEFE \ = Descendant of Caomh, i.e.
O'KEEFFE J the Beautiful [v. O'-, and

Keef(e]

OKELL ] (Eng.) i Dweller at the Oak-Corner^
OK ILL J or Slope [O.E. rfc, oak-iree + heal(h,
a corner ; heal (for heald), a slope]
2 for Oakhill, q.v.

O'KELLY (Celt.) their. aCeallaigh^JiKScm-
DANT of Ceallach : V. Kelly'.

OKELY = Oakl(e)y, q.v.

OKEOVER (Eng.) Bel. to Okeover or Oakover
(Staffs), A.D. 1004 Acofre = the Oak
(-tree) Bank (of the R. Dove) [O.E. dc +

ofer]

OKES = Oakes, q.v.

"I (Celt.) the Ir. O'Cathain (th a? h)
J = Descendant of Cathan, i.e.

OKEYl
OKIE J

Oakey, q.v.

Oldacre

45

Ollerhead

OLDACRE "1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Old Field
OLDAKER J [O.E. e)ald, old + acer, a field]

OLDAM, V. Oldham.

OLDBOROUGH for Oldbury, q.v.

OLDBRAY for Oldbupy, q.v.

OLDBURY (Ehg,) Bel. to Oldbury ; or Dwel;-
ler at or by the Old Stronghold (Camp,
Fort, Castle) [O.E. e)ald + hurh (dat^
r byrig\

The Wore. Oldbury occurs in a charter
A.D. 972 (in the dative inflected form) as
' on Ealdanbyri. '

OLDCASTLE (Eng. -f Lat.) Bel. to Oldcastle;

or Dweller at the Old Stronghold

(or Fortified Camp) [O.E. e)ald + castel,

Lat. casteli-uni]

The remains of the old stronghold at
Oldcastle in Cheshire (A.D. 1357-8,
OldecasteT) were demolished about 1580.
Oldcastle in Monmouth 'was once the
residence of Sir John Oldcastle ; the re-
mains ot the castle are slight' [Nat Gas.).

OLDERSHAW (Eng.) Dweller at the Alder-
Wood [M.E. alder, alter, O.E. aler, alder-
tree+M.E. 'shaw(e, O.E. sc(e)aga, r wood]
OLDHAM (Eng.) Dweller at i the Old En-
closure or Field [O.E. e)ald + hamm}
2 the Old Holm (Riparian Land)
, [Dial. E. holm, river-island, 'flat land near
\ water '; O.E. Mm]

Oldham, Lanes, early 13th ceiit. Aid-
holm', 14th cent. Oldom, has three rivers,
the Medlock, Irk, and Irwell.

OLDIS 1

V. Aldis, Aldhous^.

OLDYS /

There is, however, a Scand. fem.

pers. name Aldis, for Alfdis'= ' Elf-Maid'

[O.N. dlf-r, elf + disi maid, goddess]

OLDREY (Eng.) a descendant of the A.-Sax.

pers. name Ealdric = Old Ruler [O.E.

e)ald, old -f rlc-, ruler]

OLDRID for Aldped, q.v.

OLDRIDGE for Aldridge, Aldcioh, q.v.

OLDROYD (A.-Scand.) Dweller at the Old

Clearing [M.E. old, aid, O.E. e)ald, old

+ Dial.E. royd, a clearing : v. Royd]

O'LEARY (Celt.) the Ir. O'Laoghaire = De-
scendant of Laoghaire [v. O-', and

Leary]

O'LEHANE (Celt.) the Ir. O'Liathain {th as h)

= Descendant of Liathan, i.e. the Grey

[v. O'-, and -f- liatk, grey -|r the genit. of

the dim. suff. -dti]

OLGER for Alger, Algar, q.v.

OLIFF ] (Scand.) the Scand. Olaf =
OLLIFF , \ Ancestral Relic [O.N. Oleif-r;
OLLIFFEJ f. O.N. di, great-grandfather +

leif-r, rehc]
There has been confusion with Olive
(Lat.), q.v.

OLIPHANT] (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) a nickname

OLIVANT I and sign - name from the

OLLIVANT J Elephant [M.E. olifant,olifaunt,

ollivant, oliphatit, elyphaunt; O.Fr. olifant,

elefant; I^at. elepha(tijs, -antis ; GT.i\i<j)as,

-avTos, elephant]

That ypotame a wonder beest is,
More than an olifaunt, 1-wis. —

King Alex., 5184-5.

Formaystow [mayest thou] surmounten
thise olifauntes in gretnesse or weighte of
body? — Chaucer, Boecg, 782.

With antelop or oliphatit. —

Colkelbie Sow, 448.

OLIVE \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) bLiVE [Fr. olive^ Lat.
OLLIVE J oliva, the olive]

(Sca:nd.) for OKOiff, q.v.

OLIVER \ the French Olivier, O.Fr. also
OLLIVER J Oliver [normally Fr. olivier, olive
(-tree: hai. olivari-us, ' 01 oVixes' ; I. oliva,
the olive ; but almost certainly Scand.
nomenclature has had its influence on the
great vogue of Oliver — if not the common
O.N. Oieif-r itself (Dan.-Norw. Olaf) (v.
OI(l)ifl'),at any rate the O.N. Oelver (Dan.-
Norw: Olver) (cp. O.N. olvcerr, kind, affect
tionate) ; while the somewhat rare Norw.
Olitier is considered by StOylen (' Norske
Debenavne,' p. 68) to be f. Ole Iver, Ole
being a pet form of OZa/ or Oto]

The form in the ' Chanson de Roland '
(Oxf. MS.) is invariably Oliver —

Li empereres [i.e. Charlemagne] est en
un grant verger,

Ensembl' od Tavec] lui RoUanz et
Oliver.— ' ,

La Chanson de Roland, 103-4.

But the I2th-cent. German adaptation
usually has Olivier —
Th6 sprah thfer helet Olivier
(Then spake the hero Otoer). —

Ruoldndes Liet, 6005.

OLIVET I = Olive (q.v.) -(-the Fr. dim. suff.
-et.

2 Bel. to Olivet (France) = the, Olive-
Grove [Lat. oiivet-itm']

OLLERHAD "1 (Teut.) Dweller at the Alder-

OLLERHEAD J Head [O.E. alor = O.N. olr,

alder-tree + O.E. hedfod = O.N. hofu'S,

head, high ground]

Oller(e)nshaw

50

Onions

OLLER(E)NSHAW (Eng.) Dweller at the

Alder-Wood [Olleren is an adj. form of

oiler (v, under Ollerhead) + M.E. shaiii>{e,

O.E. sc(e)aga,'aL wood]

OLLERTON (Eng.) Bel. to Ollerton, a torm of
Allerton, q.v.

OLLETT, a double dim. of (a) 01(l)ive (q-v.),
(6) Oliver (q.v.) [Fr. dim. sXiff. -et]

OLLEY I a double dim. of {a) OI(l)ive (q.v.),
(6) Oliver (q.v.) [E. dim^suff. -e)yi

2 Bel. to (a) 0116 (Eure-et-Loire), A.D.
IS57 Olley, 1466 Oleyum, 1224 Orleium.

(6) Ouilly' (Calvados). Ouilly would
normally giv6 an Anglicized Oyley (as in
Doyley, q.v.) ; but the name without the
preposition seems to have merged into
Olley.

Ouilly-du-Houlley in 1215 was Olleyum,
1 198 only, 1 1 80 Oilleiai Oilteya; Ouilly-la-
Ribaude in the i6th cent, was Ouilleia,
1214 Oilleiala; Ouilly-le-Basset in 1277
was Oilleium; Ouilly-le-Tesson in 1371
was Ouilly, 11S5 Oillie (Wace, 'Rom.de
Rou'), 1106 Oillei; Ouilly-le-Vicomte in
1279 occurs as Oilleium [app. f. a pers.'
name 0(i)llius]

Henry de Oily. — Testa de Nevill.

OLLIER is a form of the Bret. Olier, for the
Fr. Olivier: v. Oliver.

Ernault, in his ' Diet. Bret.-Franf. du
dial, de Vaunes', gives the form Oleir.

OLLIFF
OLLIFFE

V. Oliff.

OLLIS, OLLEys (Son): V. Olley'.
OLLIVANT, V. Ollphant.

OLLIVER, V. Oliver.

OLNEY(Eng.) Bel. to Olney(Bucks), I3th-i4th-

cent. Olneye, A.-Sax. Olfaneg = Olla's

Island or Waterside Wllan-, genit. of

Olla + O.Merc. 4?, O.E. fe island, etc.]

O'LOGHLIN ]

O'LOUGHLAN U. under Loughlin, Laoh-

O'LOUGHLIN J lan(n.

OLSEN (Scand.) Ole's or Olaf's Soi« : v, the
Appendix of Foreign Names.

OLVER, V. Under Oliver, noting the Dan.-
Norw. Olver.

OLYETT app. = OU, for Oliver (q.v.) + the
the Fr. dita. suff. -et.

O'MAHONEY"! (Celt.) the Ir. O'Mathghamhna
O'MAHONY J = Descendant of MAThgh-
AMHUIN, i-e. the Bear.

O'M ALLEY (Celt.) the Ir. aMaille = Descend
DANT OF Mall, i.e. the Slow, Tarjjy.

OMAN, a Scottish surname, prob. represents
(with dropped -d, as in Scot, roun' for
round, pun' for p(o)und ; etc.) the Scand.
Otnund, ' Aanpund\e,' (i) O.N. AmUn4ip
Amund-r [f.' O.N. di, great-grafidfather +
mund, hand, protector] (2) O.N. Agmund-r
{CEgmund-r) [f. agi (ceg-), awe, terror 4- ■

mundj
Rygh, in his work on ancient pers.'
names in Norwegian place-names ('Gamie
Personnavne i Norske Stedsnavne , 1901),
notes, s.n. Amundi, a stead-name Ommund-
rud ; and BiSrkmann, ' Nordische Per-
sonennamen in England' (1910), remarks/
s.n. Amund, that the name is, not always
definitely to be separated from Hamund.

O'MARA 1 (Celt.) the Ir. O'Meara = De-
O'MEARAJ scendant of Mear, i.e. the
Merry.

OMBLER, a form of Ambler, q.v.

O'MELLY (Celt.) the Ir. O'Meallaigh = De-
scendant OF Meallach, i.e. the Good,
Pleasant.

OMMANNEY doubtless = Oman (q.v-) +
the E. dim. suff. -e)y; but the possibility
of the suflf. being local (M.E. ey,iO.E.i{e)g,
= O.N. ey, island, waterside; or even for
M.E. Hey,hay, O.'E. htEgr, haga=O.N. hagi,
a meatiow) cannot be excluded.

0'IVIULCONRY(Celt.) the Ir. 0'Maol-C(h)onaire
= Descendant of the Disciple of
CoNAiR,E [v. O'-, and + maol, servant,
disciple -|- conaire : con(n, wisdom, sense
+ the pers. suff. -aire]
The Anglicized Conroy is from this
name as well as from the Ir. MacConrapi
and O'Conraoi.

(Celt.) Descendant of Niall:
V. Neil(l [Ir. Ua Neitt, aNeill]

O'NEAL
O'NEIL
O'NEILL

ONELY] (Eng.) Bel. to Onely, Northants:

ONLEY I i6th cent. 0«fey, Onelie; Onneley,

ONLY J Staffs: Domesday .^«efe^e = i the

Single Lea [M.E. on, one, ane, an, O.E.

dn, one, single, unique-^M.E. 2^, lie, O.E.

'ledh, lea]
2 On(n)a's, or .S:n(n)a's, Lea.
ONION (Celt.) for Enion, q.v.

(Eng.) occ. conf. with Unwin, q.v.

ONIONS I Onion's (Son) : v. Onion.

2 a nickname for an Onion-Seller [Fr.
oignott, Lat. unto, -onis, onion]

Onslow

51

Orger

ONSLOW (Eng.) Bel. to Onslow (Salop), the

Domesday Ondeslow [the second element

, is O.E. hlAw, a (burial) mound, hfll : the

■ pers. name (in the genit.) may represent

an A.-Sax. And(e (cp. O.E. anda, zeal,

anger]

' Roger de Ondeslowe, Lord of Ondes-

lowe in the liberty of Shrewsbury, 1231.' —

Burkes Peerage.

ONTHANK for Unthank, q.v.

ONWHYN (13th cent. Onwinne) for Unwin, q.v.

OPENSHAW (Eng.) Bel. to, Openshaw (Lanes),

A.D. 1282 Opinschawe, Opynsawe,' A.D.

1322 Openshagh = the Open (app. Unen-

- 'closed) Wood [M.E. open,opyn, etc., O.E.

open (= O.N. opinn) + M.E. scjume, etc.,

O.E. sc{e)aga, a wood, copse]

O'PHELAN (Celt.) the Ir. O'Faelain = De-
scendant OF Faelan, i.e. the Little
Wolf [v. O'-, and + the genit. of Ir,
faelan = fael, faol, a wolf + the dim. suff.,

-rf«]

OPIE r may be f. the A.-Sax. pers. name

OPP(E)YT Oppa with the E, dim. suff. -ie,-e)y;

but the name seems to be Confined to

Cornwall, where (ace. to Lower) it occurs

in the 15th cent, as Opye, and, later, Oppie,

O'QUIN V(Celt.) the Ir. O'Cidnn = De-
O'QUINN J scENDANT OF CoNN, i.e. the Wise
[v. O'-, and + the genit. (cuinn) oi, conn, ,

wise]

O'RAFFERTYl (Celt.) i the Ir. O'Raithbheart-
O'RAVERTY \ aigh (fh mute, bh as v) = De-
scendant OF RAITHBEARTACH.i.e., PROS-
PEROUS, Rich [v. p'-, and + raith,
prosperity, profit ; bHeartaigh, genit. of
leartacji, rich]
2 the Ir, O'Rabhartaigh = Descendant
OF Rabhartach or Robhartac&, i.e. the
Red [v. O'-, and -f- robhar, red ; -taigh,
genit. of the plen. suff, -tach]

ORAM \ (Eng.) Dweller at the Enclosure on

OREM J the River-Bank [O.E. dra, a bank,

shore + ham(m, a piece of land, enclosure]

Ovyram, Yorks, is Oure in Domesday
Book. An Orham occurs in a loth-cent.
Berkshire charter.

ORAN (Celt.) the Ir. Odhran = Of Pale

Complexion [Ir. odhar (dh mute), pale,

sallow + the dirn, suff. -dh]

St. Patrick's charioteer was St. Odhran.

ORCHARD (Eng.) Dweller at a Fruit-Garden

[O.E. ortgeard]

ORCHARDSON ( Eng. ) prob: represents

'Orchardward s Son'lO.Eiorigeard-V>{e)ard,

a gardener ; sunu, son]

ORD ) (Eng.) I Dweller at a Point or Head-
0RD£ I LAND [O.E. ord, a point ; spear]

Ord, Northumb., was Orde in the 13th
cent.

'In Suffolk a promontory is called an
orrf.'— Halliwell, p. 590.

2 the common A.-Saxon name-stem

Ord- [same etyipdlogy : O.E. ord also

meant 'chief,' 'prince']

(Celt.) Dweller at a Conical Hill
[Gael, ord]

ORDISH (Eng.) Bel. to (High) Ordish, nr.
Matlock [the second element seems to be
the O.E. edisc, a park, pasture: early forms
are necessary to decide whether the first
elerrient is O.E. dra, a bank, or the A.-Sax.
pers. name Ord{a]

'The name is pretty frequent in Derby-
shire, especially between Derby and
Burton-on-Trent.'— T. F. Ordish, F.S.A.

ORDWAY (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Ordwig=Sl'EA.R-

War or -Warrior [O.E. ord,spezi +

w(g, war ; ivlga, warrior]

Ordwi is fairly common in, Domesday
Book,

O'REILLY! ( Celt. ) ^^'^ ^^- O'Raghallaigh,
O'RILEY 1 O'Raighilligh = Descendant of

Raghallach or Roghallach, i.e.

Valiant, Warlike [v. O'-, and + the
genit. of raghallach = rdghalacK]

ORFEUR (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Goldsmith [M.E. O.Fr.

orfeure, otfevre (mod. Fr. orfhxre) ; Lat.

aur-um, gold + faber, smith]

Peter le Oiieure.^Hund. Rolls-

ORFORD (Eng.)Bel.toOrford=i the Cattle-
Ford [O.E. or/', cattle -|- /«-rf]

(occ.) 2 the Upper Ford [O.E. cfer, upper

+ ford]

Orford iri Suffolk (13th cent. Oreford)
is, however, the 'Ford over the R. Ore.'

ORGAN (Celt.) the Ir. Odhrgan = the PalE

[Ir. orfAar (i/A mute), pale, sallow 4- the

double dim. suff. -gdn (dg-dn]

Cp. Hopgan.

(A.-Fr.) app. meton. for OpganePi q.v.

ORGANER (A.-Fr.) Organ-Maker; OrgAn-

Player [M.E. organer^organ (Fi, organe;

' Lat. organ-um, Gr. ipyav-ov — whence

O.E.organori — an instrument) -|-the agent.

suff. -er]
Peter leOrganer. — Pari. Writs.

ORGAR "I (Eng.) the A-Sax.Ordgar [O.E. ord,
ORGERJ aspear; front, van; prince -i- gdr,

. a spear]

Oriel

52

Orret

The most famous bearer of this, fairly
common A.-Sax. name was the Devon-
shire Ealdormati whose daughter JE[i\>T^}f
King Eadgdr married, as recorded in the
Chronicle A.D. 965^
...he6 [she] Waes Ordgares dohtor ealdor-
mannes.

The Domesday torms are Ordgar and
Orgar.

ORIEL \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname from the
ORIOL J Oriole, i.e. tlie Golden Thrush
[O.Fr. oriol; Lat. aureol-us, golden, splen-
did]
L' oriol cante dous et bas. —

Larchey, quot. p. 350.

ORLEBAR"! app. corrupt forms of Orlingbury,
ORLEBERJq.v. The surname occurs in the
neighbourhood of Orlingbury.

ORLINGBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Orlingbury
(Northants),i3th cent. Orlin^ir, doubtless
for an A.-Sax. Arlinglurh = Arling's
Stronghold [the pers. name (found in
Domesday Book as Arling-us) is f. O.E.
dr, honour, dignity, benefice, prosperity,
. etc. ; with the double dim. suff. -l-ing — |-
burh (dat. byrig), a fortified place]

ORM "I (Scand.) Serpent; (fig.) Ship (from
ORMEj, the serpent-figurehead) [O.N.orm-r]

Orm was a favourite Scand. name (often
appearing in England as Urm) ; and it is
common in Domesday Book.

Robert fiz Orme. —

La,nc. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1284.

ORMANDY, surmised by Bardsley (prob. cor-
rectly), from local knowledge, to be a
, corrupt form of Osmunderlaw, an early
form of Osmotherley, a N. Lanes place-
name : V. Osmotherley.

ORMEROD] rScand.) Bel. to Ormerod

ORMROD ■ (Lanes), early-i4th-cent. Orme-

ORMROYdJ rode = Orm's Clearing [v.

Opnrj ; and + O.N. ru'S, a clearing in a

wood]

ORMES, Orme's (Son): v. Orme.

8RMfs^H"E^R''}f°^0'""«»'^«'1--

ORmIon'^ } Orm(e)'s Son : v. Opm(e.

ORMISTON (Scand.) Bel. to Ormiston =
Orm's Homestead [v. Orm; and +

O.N. tiin\

The Haddington place-name Ormiston
was so spelt in the 13th cent. The Lane.
Urmston occurs as Ormiston and Ormeston
in the 13th cent.

ORMOND 1 (Celt.) One from Ormond (Ire-

ORMONDEj land), the Ir. Oir-mumhan (mh

mule) = East Mumhan (Mun.ster)' [Ir.

oir, east]
The -d in Ormond is excrescent.

ORMSBEE 1 (Scand.) Bel. to Ormsby = Orm's
ORMSBY J Earm or Estate [v. Onm ; and

+ b.N. 6ji-r]

The i3th-cent. spelling of the various
Orrasbys (Lines, Norf., etc.) was usually
Ormesby.

ORMSHAW (Scand. -|- Eng.) Bel. to Ormshaw
= Orm's Wood [v. Orm ; and -f M.E.
shaw, O.E. sc{e)aga = O.N. sk6g-r, a wood]

We find Ormeshaw as a Lane, surname
in the i6-i7th cent.

ORMSHIRE for Ormshaw, q.v.

ORMSTON, V. Ormiston.

ORNSBY is more likely to be for Hornsby
(q.v.) than for Ormsby^

O'RORKE \ (Celt.) the Ir. O'Ruairc = De-

O'ROURKEJ scendant of Ruarc, i.e. the

Little Chum [v. O-', and -F the genit. of

Ruarc — ru, dear friend ; ate, little]

ORPED (Eng.) Bold, Valia'nt, Stout [M.E.
orped(e, bold, etc. j O.E. orped, grown up,

active]

Walter le Orpede.— ffMBrf. Rolls.

OR PEN 1 I said to be French and to represent
ORPIN Jan earlier Erpen [perh, f. the
Cont. Teut. cognate of O.E. eixrp, eorp,
dark ; with the Fr. dim. suff. -w] '

2 descendants of the A.-Sax. Eorpwine

= Swarthy Friend [O.E. eorp, dark,

swarthy -(- •jaine, friend]

ORR (Celt.) Pale, Sallow [Gael, and Ir.

odhar (dh mute]
Poss. there has been some confusion
with Oar(e.

ORRELL ) (Eng.) Bel. to Orrell (Lanes'), 13th
ORRILL \ cent. Orhul, Horhul, Orul, Orhil,
Orhill,etc.\The second element is the M.E.
hil, hul, etc., O.E. hyll, a hill : and if the
identifications of the Domesday Otegrimele
and Oiringemele with the Wigan and
Sefton Orrell respectively are correct Or-
may be the attenuated representative of
the Scand. pers. names O'Sgrim or AvIS-
grim and Ottaring {-ing, 'son' suff.);
although Otringemele implies as second
element the O.N. meW, 'a stretch of sand']

ORRET (Eng.) Warrior, Champion [O.E.

dretta, oreta]

Orrock

53

Osmer

ORROCK, app. for Hoppook, q.v.

ORTON (Eng.) Bel. to Ortoti = i the Shore

or Bank Farmstead or Estate [O.E.

ira, also dfer, shore, bank + tun]

2 the Upper Farmstead, etc. [O.E.

ofer + iuti]

3 Orda's Estate [Orda, i. O.E. ord, a

spear]

1: Orton, or Oreton, Staffs, was the
'Domesday Overtune, and in the 13th
century was Overton and Orton. The
Cumberland Orton was Orreton c. 1300.

O'RYAN (Celt^ the Ir. 0'J?mj'«= Descendant
OF Rian, I.e. the Kinglet [v. O'-, and +
n, a king, prince + the genit. of the dim.

suff. -dn\

OSBALD (Eng.) God-Bold [O.E. ds, a god +

l{e)ald, bold]

OSBALDESTON (Eng.) Bel. to Osbaldeston'

OSBALDISTON I (Lanes) = Osbald's

OSBALDSTON J Estate or Manor [v.

Osbald, genit. Osbaldes + O.E. tun]

Thomas de Osbaldeston. —

Lacy Inq. P.M., A.p. 131 1.

0|B|«N^}v.0sb0Pn(e.

OSBERT(Eng.) God-Bright [A.-Sax. Osberht,

Osbriht—ds, a god -|- be(p)rht, briht, bright,

glorious, noble]

Osbriht, a king of Northuiribria, was

killed at York, A.D. 867, in a conflict with

the Danes.

Osbert is the Domesday form.

OSBORN \ (A.-Scand.) The^OM. Asbiorn
OSBORNE = Divine Bear [O.N. ds-,
OSBOURN • divine [dss, a god) + biorn, a
OSBOURNE bear] was Anglicized Osbeorn,
OSBURNE 7 Osbern, Osborn [OX rfj,,^ god
+ be{o)rn, a warrior]

Two famous Osberns were killed in the
same battle A.D, 1054 — Osbern Pentecost,
the Norman, fighting for Macbeth ; and
Osbern, the son of Earl Siward, with his
father at the head of the ultimately victor-
ious Northumbrians.

Osbern is common in Domesday Book.
OSCROFT (Teut.) Dweller at i the Ox-Croft
[O.E. oxa, genit. pi. oxna, an ox -|- croft, a

small field]

Stephen de Ox.ecroit.-^Hund. Rolls.

2 the East Croft [ost, a N. and East,
dial, form (cp. Dan.-Norw. ost) of E. eait,

O.E. east + croft]

3 OuTH's (AutS(r)'s) Croft [O.N. am-r,
. , wealth]

• Adam de Outhescr'oft (Oscroft).—
Chesh. Chmbrlns.' Acets., A.I>. 1303-4.

OSQATHORP \ (Scand.) Bel. to Osgathorpe

OSGATHORPEHLeic.) = Osgod's (As-

gaut's) Farm [v. under Osgood, and +

O.N. ]>orp]

OSGERBY (Scand:) i Dweller at Osgar's

(Asgeir's) Farmstead or Estate [the

pers. name is compounded of O.N. ds-,

divine, and geir^r, spear h Jji-r]

2 for Osgodby, q.v.

OSGODBY (Scand.) Bel.to Osgodby = Osgot's

(Asgaut's) Farmstead or , Estate [v.

under Osgood, and -f- O.N. b^-r]

The Yorks and Lines Osgodbys were

MsaaWy Osgot{e)by in the 13th, cent.

OSGOOD (A.-Scand.). The O.N. ^5^a«; =
Divine Gaut [O.N. ds-, divine {dss, a god)
-1^ the national name (S. Sweden) Gaut-r]
was Anglicized Osgot, Osgod [O.E. 6s, a

god]
See the reference to Osgod Clapa under
CI app.

O'SHAUGHNESSY (Celt.) the Ir. O'Seachnas-
aigh = Descendant of Seachnasach
[app. lit. Ir. seach, a turn ; nasach, customary;
but Dr. Joyce thinks that the name shotild
be divided thus : Seach-n^as-ach—seach-n,
second-|- -as, abstract termination-!- the
common plen. suff.-acA]

O'SHEA] (Celt.) the Ir. O'Seaghdha = De-

O'SHEE J SCENDANT OF Seaghdha, i.e.,

Stately, Majestic [Ir. seaghdha]

OSKELL (Scand. Askell), a contr. ot Oskettle,
q.v.

OSKETTLE (A.-Scand.) The O.N. Asketil(l
[O.N. ds-, divine (dss, a god) -|- ketill, a
(sacrificial) cauldron] was Anglicized
Oscytel [O.E.. 6s, 'a god -|- -cytel, cetel, a
< kettle, cauldron]
A Danish king Asketil is referred to as
Oscytel in the A.-Sax. Chronicle A.D. 875.

The Domesday form is usually Oschetel
{ch as k),

OSKIN, a dim. of one of the Os- pers. names
-I- the E. dim. suff. -kin [O.L.Ger. -k-ln]\

' Osekin.— if«Mi. Rolls.
OSKINS, Oskin's (Son) : v. Oskin.
OSLER for Ostler, q.v.
OSMAN "1 (Teut.) i for Ostman (East Man),
OSMON J the name given to a Danish settler
in Ireland [Dan.-Norw. ost, east]

2 for Osmund, q.v.

OSMAN D for Osmund, q.v.

OSMAR"! (Eng.) God-Glorious [the A.-Sax.
OSMER J Osmcer—ds, a god -f- mcfere, glorious,

famous]

Ojfffi^r was the name of the English

soldier whose head, when he was killed

Osment

54

Oughton

by Eadricat the battle of Sceorstan (A.D,.
1016), was boastingly paraded as that of
King Eadmund, whom Osmaer was said
to closely resemble.

OSMENT for Osmund, q.v.

OSMOND l(Eng. and Scand.) Divine Pro-
OSMUND J TECTOR [A.-Sax. Osmund— ds, a

god + mund, hand, protector: O.N.

' Asmund—ds, divine (lisj, a god) + mund]

Osmund was the name of an eighth-

dentiiry king of the South Saxons ; and

I this form is common in Domesday Book.

OSMOTHERLEY (Scand. + Eng.) i Bel. to
Osmotherley (Lanes), 13th cent. Osmund-
erlawe = Osmund's or Asmund's
Tumulus or HilIock [v. under Osmond;
O.N. genit. form Asmundar + O.E. A/c6w,
a (burial) mound]

2 Bel. to Osraoth'erley (Yorks), 13th

cent. Osmunderley, Domesday Asmundrelac

=OsMUND's or Asmund's Lea [V. under

I and + M.E. Uy, OX. Udh\

OSTLE (Scand.) a contr. of Oskettle, q.v.

OSTLER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) orig. Innkeeper, which

is -the present meaning of the Fr. hotelier

[M.E. ostiler, hostiler; O.Fr. hostelier, f.

hostel (mod. Fr. hdtet), L.Lat. hospitaW]

O'SULLIVAN (Celt.) the Ir. O'Suileabhain =

Descendant of SuiLEAB(H)AN, i.e. Light

or White Eye [v. O'-, and + sMl, an eye

+ a phon. insertion + the genit. of hdn,

light, white]

OSWALD (Eng. and Scand.) Divine Power
[O.E. 6s = O.N. dss ids-, divine), a god+
O.E. w{e)ald = O.N. waW, power, might]

The most famous historical bearer of
this name was the Northumbrian christian
king Oswald who fell A.D. 642 in a battle
with Penda, king of the Mercians. This /
battle is traditionally reputed to have
taken place at or near Oswestry, formerly
dswaldestre, i.e. Oswald's pross, which
, the Welsh called by their , equivalent
Croes Pswallt. The locality does not, ■
however, seem to be a likely one for a
conflict between Northumbrian and Mer-
cian troops. An earlier ' Oswald's Cross,'
that eredted by the saint-king near Hex-
ham, before his victorious encounter with
the British King Caedwalla (?s related by
Bseda, 'Hist. Eccl.'i iii. 2), "decided the
fate of Britain for ever." '

The modern DanoyNorwegian forms are
Aasvald, Osvdld.

OSWELL
OSWILL

jfor Oswald, q.v.

OSWIN (Ene. and Scand.) God-Friend [O-E.

6s = O.N. dss, a god -1- O.E. wine = O.N.

uin-r, friend]

Oswine was a 7th-cent. king of Deira ;
and the name occurs in ' WidsItS ' (1. 53)
as the ruler of the Eowas —

Oswine vve6ld Eowum.

OTFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Otford (Kent), the

A.-Sax. Ottanford =Otta'sFord [Ottan-,

genit. of Otta + ford]

OTLEY 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Otley (Yorks:

OTTLEY J Domesday Othelai:, Suff.: 13th

cent. Otteley?) — Otta's Lea [M.E. ley{e,

O.E. ledh, lea]

O'TOOLE (Celt.) the lij. O'Tuathail (th as h)=
Descendant of Tuathal, i.e. the Left-
handed [v. O'-, and -1- the genit. of Ir.
tuathal, lefthanded, awkward]

OTTAWAY for Otway, q.v.

OTTER (A.-Scand.). The 6.N. Ottarir for
0«Aar= Terrible Army [Q.N. 6tti, terror,
dread + -har, her-r, army] was Anglicized
Ohter ('A.-Sax. Chron.', A.D. 911, 918),
Ohthere ('Beawulf,' 5857, etc.).

The modern Scand. forms are Ottar,
Aattar, Otter, etc. StSylen ('Norske
DObenavne,' p. 70) says that this name
is often confused with the German Otto.

(Teut.) I the O.Ger. Other = Prosper-
ous Army [O.H.Ger. 6t, prosperity -1- heri,

army]

2 a nickname from the Otter [M.E.
oter(e, O.E. oter, ottor = O.N. otr = Ger.
' and Dut. otter]

Walter Otet.—Hund. Rolls.

OTTEWELL ] (Teut.) the M.E. Otewel, Otuel;

OTTIWELL \ 'A..Sax. Chron.' A.D. 1I20,

OTTWELL J Otorf [the first element is app.

O.N. 6tti= O.E. 6ht, fear, dread: the second

is rather O.N. a//, device, instrument,

machine,- than Scaud. uel = O.E. weld,

' I weal]

OTTO (Teut.) Prosperity, Wealth [Teut.
Otto (Otte),0tho,0do, t.O.H.Ger. o/ = O.Sax.
6d = O.N. au'S-'r (occ. conf. with odd-r,
a spear) = O.E. edd, prosperity, wealth,
etc.; sometimes intended as a dim.
of an Ot-, Od-, etc., name]
Ich wolt hern Otten milte nach der
lenge mezzen. — Walther von der Vogel-
weide, ' Otto und Friedrich,' i.

OTTWAY 1 (Teut.) for the Teut. Otwig =

OTWAY J Prosperous War [O.H.Ger. dt,

= O.Sax. 6d, prosperity, wealth -|- Tvlg,

war]

OUGHTON for Aughton, q.v.

Oughtred

55

Owen

OUGHTRED (Eng.) the common A.-Sax.Uhtred
= Spritk-Counsel [O.E. Mt = wiht, a
sprite, creature + reed, counsel, advice] ,
Uctred is tlie usual Domesday form.
See Ughtred.
OULD (Eng.) Old [O.E. e)dtd]

bULDS, OuLD's (Son): v. Ould. •

OULTON (Eng.) Bel. to Oulton = the Old
Farmstead or Hamlet [O.E. e)ald + tiin]
Oulton, Staffs, was Oldeton in the 13th
Cent. ; Oulton, Chesh., was Olton in the
14th cent. ; Oulton, Suff., is also known
as Oldton.

OUSBY (Scand.),Bel. to Ousby (Cumh.), anc.

Ulfsiy = Ulf's Estate [the genit. of

O.N. iilf-r, wolf + by-r, estate, farm]

OUSTON. Bel. to Ouston. The Northern
Oustons prob. (but not. certainly) have
the same origin for their first element as
Ousby (q.v.) ; but . the Leicester
Ouston was anc. Osulweston = Osulf's
or Oswulf's Estate [the genit. of Osulf,
0«i)«(/'— O.E.(fa = O.N. flss (in compds. ^-),
a god + O.E. vjulf = O.N. Alf-r, wolf—

+ tAii]

OUTERBRIDGE (Eng.) Bel. to Oaghterbridge
or Oughtibridge (W., Yotks) [the first
element is doubtless the pers. name seen
in the Cumberland place-nam^Oughterby,
viz. the Anglicized form, Ohthere, of the
O.N. OftAar: V. Otter (A.-Scand.). (The
Irish place-name component Oughter- is
the Ir. uachdar, upper]

OUTRAM (Teiit.) Prosperous Raven
[O.H.Ger. 6t = O.N. auS-r, prosperity +
O.H.Ger. h)ram = O.N. hramn, a raven]

OUTRED for Oughtred, q.v.

OUTTRIM for Outram, q.v.

OUVRY (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the Fr. Ouwe, Ouway,
forms of Auvray or Aubray: v. Aubreys
(Fr.-Lat.)

OVEN (Celt.) Dweller at the Caves [Gael.
uamhan (nth as v) = Ir. tiamhanna ; uamh,

a Cave]

OVENDEN (Eng.) Bel. to Ovenden (Yorks),
14th cent. Ovenden [the second element is
the O.E. denu, a valley: it is uncertain
whether the first eleinent is O.E. of en, a
furnace, or the genit.. Of an-, of the A.-Sax.
pers. name O/iz (/as v\

OVENS = Oven (q.v.) with the Eng. genit.,
or pi,, -s affix.

OVER (Eng.) Bel. to Over ; or Dweller at a
River-Bank or a Shore [O.E. ofer]

John de Ovexc-^Hund. Rolls.

OVERALL (Eng.)Bel.toOverhall; or Dweller

at I the Bank-Hall [O.E. tifer, a bank,

shore -f halT\

2 the Bank or Shore Corner [O.E.
h{e)al{K\ or Slope [O.E. h{e)al{d = O.N.

hall-r\

There are at least three places Overhall
or Over Hall in Essex.

OVERBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Overbury ; or
Dweller at i the (River-) Bank or Shore
Stronghold [O.E. 6fer, a bank, shore,
edge -I- burh (dat. byrig), a fortified place].

2 the Upper, or Higher, Stronghold
[O.E. ofer,^ upper; ufera (cpv.), higher,

upper]

The Wore. Overbury was Uferdbyrig
(dat. case) A.D. 875.

OVEREND (Eng.) Dwellpr at i the Upper, or

Higher, End [O.E. ofer + ende]

2 the Bank- or Shore-End [O.E. dfer

+ ende]
OVERS, genit., or pi., of Over, q.v.

OVERTON (Engp Bel. to Overton = i the

Upper, or Higher, Farm or Hamlet

[O.E. ofer + tAn]

2 the Bank or Shore Farm or Hamlet

[O.E. 6fer + tun]

OVERY (Eng.) Bel. to Overy ; or Dweller at
I the Upper, or Higher, Hay or En-
closure [O.E. ofer + hag-, haga]

2 the Bank or Shore Hay or En-
closure {O.'E.ifer + hceg-, haga]

Robert Overhe. — Hund. Rolls.

(Fr.) for Ouvpy, q.v.

OVINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Ovingtori = the
Estate of the Ofa or Ufa Family

[A.-Sax. *0f- *Ufinga-tun • inga, genit.

pi. of the fil. sufF.-!»^-|-;a'«, estate, manor,.

etc.]
The Hampshire Ovington occurs in a
loth-cent. Latin charter as Ufinctun.

OWEN. The Welsh and Irish Anglicized
Owen, O.Wel. Owein = Ir. Eoghan (O.Ir.
Eogan) = Gael. Edghann are prob. from
Lat. Eiigenius, Gr. Bfryei/^s = WELL-BciRN
[Gr. eS-, noble -f- 7^yos, race, descent]
Cormac's Glossary gives this, origin for
£o^a« (one MS. Eo^en) ; and Zimmer con-
siders Owen to be borrowed from 'Lat.
Eugenius, as noted by MacBain, p. 400.
The mediaeval Latinizatipn of Owen as
Oenus led to a belief that the etymology
was the Wei. and Bret, oen, ' a lamb.'
With much stronger reason it was at one
time considered that the namerepresen ted
Ir. eoghutin — Gael, ogan- [f. O.Ir. oc =
Wei. og, young], 'youth.'

Owens

56

Packer

Owein brenhin y Picteit
(Owen, king of the Picts). —

Bruty Tywysogion, A.D. 736.

Maredud uab Owein
(Meredith son of Owen)

Bruty Tywysogion, A.D. 986.
Owein uab Uryen . — 'larlles y ffynnawn '
(Lady of the Fountain); MMnogion.

' Efighan, dim. ESghainin = Owen,
Eugene." — T. Ua Concheanainn,

Mion - Chomhrddh, p. 126.
Cp. Ewan.

OWENS, Owen's (Son) : v. Owen.

In Irish, this name is O'h-Eoghain.

OWLE (Eng.) a nickname, or sign-name, from
the Owl [O.E. rife]

OWLER (Scand.) Dweller by an Alder [O.N.
olr = O.E. alor]

OWLES, Owle's (Son) : v. Owle.

OWSTON, V. Ouston.

Ouston, Leic, is also known as Owston.

OWTRAM j^.outram.

(Eng,) Dweller at thfe Ox-
Hill [O.E. oxa, pi. oxan,
genit. pi. oxna+ be{o)r'g, a hill]

OWTTRIM

OXBERRY

OXBORROW

OXENBERRY

OXENDEN(Eng.)Bel.toOxen'don(Northants:

1,3th cent. Oxendon) J or Dweller at the

Ox-Hill [O.E. oxa, pi. oxan, genit. pi. oxna

+ O.E. dun, a hiU]

OXENFORDl (Eng.) Bel. to Oxford, the
OXFORD J A.-Sax. Oxnaford (as in the

OXLEE
OXLEY

Chronicle A-D. qio— 't6 Oxnaforda') =

the Ford of the Oxen [O.E. oxna, genit.

pi. ot oxa, an ox -1- ford]

' Sire Clerk of Oxenford,' oure hoste
sayde. —
Chaucer, The Clerkes Tale of Oxenford, i.

OXEN HAM (Eng.) Dweller at the Ox-Pasture
[O.E. oxa, pi. oxan, genit. pi. oxna+ham{my

OXLADE (Eng.) Dweller at i the Oak-Slade

[O.E. dc + slced, a valley]

2 the Ox Way or (Water) course

[O.E. oxa, an ox, genit. pi. oxna + Idd, a

way, etc.]

Michael de Ocslade. — Hund. Rolls.

"I (Eng.) Dweller at the Ox-Lea
J [O.E. oxa, genit. pi. oxna + ledh]

OXNARD (Eng.) Oxen-Herd [O.E. oxa, pi-
oxan + hierde, a herd]

Johannes Oxinhird. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

OXSPRINGT (Eng.) Bel. to Oxspring (Yorks:

OXPRING I 13th and 14th cent. Oxpring);

or Dweller at the Ox-Spring [O.E. oxa,

pi. oxan + spryng, a source of water]

OXTED (Eng.) Bel. to Oxted ; oi' Dweller at
the Ox-Stead [O.E. oxa, pi. oxan + stede,

a place]

OXTON (Eng.) Bel. to Oxton = i the Ox-

Enclosure [O.E. oxa, genit. pi. oxna +

tun, enclosure, etc.]

2 Occ's, or Ocg's^ Estate [O.E. tun\

Alexander de Ockeston, — Hund. Rolls. .

OYLER, a var, of Owler, q.v.

PACE (A.-Lat.-Gr.-Heb.), a variant of Pa(i)8h.
q.v.

William Pace.— r^to de Nevill.

Easter-eggs are still called pace-eggs
in the North of England.

(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Pas (France) ; or

Dweller at a Pas% or Track [A.-Fr. pace,

pas, Lat. pa^s-us\

PACK \ (A,-Fr.) the French Pajwe = j One

PACKE J born during the Passover Festival

or Eastertide [Fr. pdque, O.Fr. pasque,

Lat. pascha, Gr. Trdtcrxa; Heb. pesakh, a

passing-over]

2 a der. f. Teut. : v. under (Eng.)

Paque (without a dim. suif.) is now un-
common in France.

(Eng.) I the A. - S^x. pers. name

Pcec{c)- [either f. an O.Teut. word seen in

O.N. pakki (m.) = Dut. pak = Ger. pack,

a pack; or O.E. /"ceca, deceiver: cp. the

place - name Packington]

2 meton. for Packman, q.v.

John fll. Pake.— Hund. Rolls.

WiUiam Pakke.— dp.

PACKARD, the French Pac(c)ard (fairly com-
mon) [v. under Pack(e, and -|- the Fr.
dim. (or intens.) suff. -ard, O.Teut. hard,

hard]

PACKENHAM, v. Pakenham.
PACKER (Eng.) Packman, Pedlar ; Packer
[M.E. packere, etc., f. M.E. packe, a pack :
V. under Paok(e, (Eng.]

Packham

William le Packere. —

Plac. Dom. Cap. Westtn.

Mathew le Pakkere.— CAarter Rolls-

PACKHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Packham = P^cca's

Home or Estate. [A.-Sax. *PcBcca(n-hdm:

V. under Pack(e (Eng.), and + O.E. hdm\

PACKINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Packington =

the Estate of the P.<ec;c(a Family

\A..-SB.x.*Pceccinga-tiin: y. under Pack(e

(Eng.), and+O.E. tiin, estate, etc. : cp. the

A.Sax. Paic{f)ingas'\

Packington, Leic, occurs in a loth-cent.

Latin charter as Pakifiton. Packington,

Staffs, was Pakintone in the 12th cent.

Cp. Patching (Eng.).

PACKMAN (Eng.) Pedlar Jv. under Paok(e

(Eng.), and + man]

PACY (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Pacy (Normandy) =

Pac(c)ius' Estate [M.Lat. Pac{c)iacum

— dc-um, the Lat. - Gaul, possess, suff.]

Cp. Pass(e)y.

PADBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Padbury, 13th cent.

Padeburi = Pada's Stronghold [O.E.

burh, a fortified place]

57

PADDEY
PADDIE
PADDY

suff.

1 double dims, of Patrick, q.v.

2 descendants of the A.-Sax.. pers.
name Pad^dja with the E. dim.

■ey, -ie. ..

Padda occurs in Domesday Book.

PADDINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Paddington =

the Estate of the Pad(d)a Family

[A.-Sax. *Pad{d)inga-tun— -ingaf genit. pi.

of the fil. suff. -ing + tUn, estate, etc.]

The Middlesex Paddington occurs as
Padingtun in a loth-cent. Latin charter.

PADDISON, Paddie's or Paddy's Son: v.
Paddie, Padd(e)y.

PADDON (Eng.) Dweller at (prob.) the Path-
Hill [O.E. pa:% + dun]

PADFIELD (Eng.) Bel, to Padfield; or Dweller
at the Path-Field [O.E. /keS + feld\

A pa'Sfeld is mentioned in the boundar-
ies specified in a charter of Coenwulfj
kingof the Mercians, granting land in Kent
to the Archbishop of Canterbury A.D. 814.

PADGET \

PADGETT \ for Paget, q.v.

PADGIT J -

PADLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Padley ; or Dweller at
.1 the Path-Lea [O.E.^ffi« + ledh (M.E.

ley]
2 Pad(d)a's Lea.

The Derbyshire Padley was Paddeleye
in the 13th cent.

Paisley

PADMAN (Eng.) Dweller by a Path [O.E.

p(B^, a path + man]

2 = Pedman, q.v.

PADMORE (Eng.) Dweller at the Path-Moor

[O.E. pais + mSr]

PAGAN ] (Lat.) Heathen [E. pagan; Lat.
PAGEN /-fl^flM-Mj, (lit.) a rustic]

PAGOIM J

Pagan-US. — Domesday Book.

Pagan de la Hale. — Hund- Rolls.

Cp. Payne.

PAGE (A.-Fr.-Ital.) Boy-Attend^nt [A.-Fr.

page, Ital. paggio; prob. f. Gr. iraidloi',

young boy or slave].

PAGET l = Page (q.v.) -|- the Fr. dim. suff.
PAGETT ; -e)t.

PAG HAM (Erig.) Bel. to Pagham (Suss.), the
A.-Sax. Ptecganhdm = P.iECGa's Home or
Estate [O.E. hdm]

PAG NAM I V. Pagham.
2 V. Pakenham.

PAG N EL (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the O. French Paganel=

Pagan (q.v.) -|- the Fr. dim. suff. -el.
PAICE, V. Pace. '

PAIGE, V. Page.

PAIL l (Eng.) I the A.-Sax. Pdl- : v. under
PAILEJ Paling.

2 the A.-Sax. Pcegel [cp. O.E. pcegel, m.

(M..E.paile), a liquid-measure, pail]

3 Dweller at a Pale, i.e. ENCLOSLtRE,
Barrier, BouNDARY[O.E./>a/, pale, stake] '

PAILES, genit., and pi., of Pail(e, q.v.

PAILLARD (A.-Fr.-Lat. -|- Teut.) Profligate,
Wanton ; Beggar [M.E. O.Fr. paillard,
i. Lat. palea, chaff, straw -|- the Fr. intens.
suff. -ard, O.Frank, hard, hard: 'Id6e
foncifire : qui couche ou qui se vautre sur
la paille.' — Stappers, p. 200]

PAILTHORP \ (Eng.) Bel. to Pailthorpeor

PAILTHORPEJ Palethorpe (said to be the

name of a chapelry in Notts) [v. under

Pail(e and + O.E. \orp, a farm, hamlet]

PaIneI =Payn(e,q.v.

PANE^^} PAiNE's(Son): v. Paln(e, Payn(e.

PAIRPOINT for Pierpont, q.v.

PAISH = Pash, q.v.

PAISLEY. Bel. to Paisley, the i2th-cent..Pas-
seleth and Paisleth, i6th-cent. Passele [the
proposed etymology of the second element,
Gael, leathad, a slope, hillside, suits the
topography of the old town : ' the ancient
part occupies the slopes and summit of a
declivity.' — Gaz. Scot, ed. Lawson]

Pake

58

Pankhurst

PAKE, V. Pack(e.

PAKEMAN I Pake's Man (-Servant),

2 V. Packman.

PAKENHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Pakenham (Suff/),
in a ' late version of the vyill of Bishop
Theodred (c. 950), Pakenhdm, doubtless
for A,-Sax. Pac{c)an-hdm = P.ffi:c(c)A's
Home or Estate [v. undeir Pack(e (EngO

PAKES, Pake's (Son): v. Pake, Pack(e.

PALETHORPE, v. Pailthorpe.

PALEY (Eng.) Bel. to Paley (Yorks), 14th cent.
Palay [M:.'E..lay,ley,0.t.ledh,3.\&a.: the
first element is prob. O.E. pdl, a pole,

' stake; but earlier forms of the name are

desirable]

. PALFREY 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat., etc.) a nickname

PALFRY J from the saddle-horse so called

[M.E. paiefrai, palfrei, O.Fr. palefreiimoA.

Fr. palefroi) ; l..La.t. paraveredus, an extra

post-horse]

PALFREYER = Palfrey (q.v.) -f- the agent,
suff.-^r.

PALFREYMAN
PALFREEMAN
PALFREMAN
PALFRIMAN '
PALFRYMAN

Palfrey - Keeper , [M,E. ■
palfreymaH, pcilfrey-keeper :
V. under Palfrey, and + E.
maii]

PALG RAVE (Eng.) Bel. to Palgrave (Buff.; •

Norf.)=ithe Pole or Stake Grove [O.E.

pdl + grdf]

The Suffolk place was Palegravein an

iith-cent. will; the Norfolk harnlet was

, Palegrave in the 14th cent.

PALJN, the French PaKw, app. the Cont.-Teut.
cognate of the A.-Sax. name-'stem Pal- (v.
under Paling) -)- the Fr. dim. suff. Hn
[Lat, -in-us\ ratherthan f. O.Fr. pale (mod.
pdle), pale, pallid [Lat. pallid-us] '

PALING (EngO Bel. to Paling or Palling (Norf.)
= (the Estate of the) Pal(a Family
[A.-Sax. Palingas: the pers. name-stem
is app.O.E;/»rf/(m.) = O.N.^rfH (m.),a kind of
hoe or spade -)- nngas, pi. of the fil. suff.
-ing;, gehit. pi. -inga, as in the Palinga- of
a Sussex charter of King Eadred,A.D. 953.
(Fr.) = Pal in (q.v.) with added -g.

PALISER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Palisade- or Fence-
Maker [Fr. paliS, a pale, fence of pales ;
f. pal, a pale, Lat. fal-us, a stake 4- the
' agent, suff. -w]

PALISTER = Paliser (q.v.), but with thefem.
agent, suff. -Jte;^ [O.E. -wfre]

PALLARD = Paillard, q.v.

PALLAT "I the French Pallat, Palat [v. under
PALLATT J Palin ; and + the Fr. dim. suff.

-all

PALLET \ the French Pallet, Palet [v. under
PALLETT 1 Palin; and -H the Fr. dim., suff.

-ei\
John Palet.— ,

Kirby's Quest (Soms.), A.p. 1327.

PALLIARD = Paillard, q.v.

PALLI S \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i DWeller at a Fenced ,
PALLES J Enclosure [Fr. palis; i. Lat.pal-us,

a stake]
2 Dweller at or by a Palace [A.-Fr.
pdleis \ Lat. palatiu'm\
PALLISER = Paliser, q.v.

PALLISTER = Palister, q.v.

PALMER (A.-Lat.) Palm-Bearing Pilgrim

(from Falestipe) {M.E. palmer(e;O.E.palm

+ the agent, suff. -ere ; Lat. palma, a

palm-tree]

Ralph le Palmere.— /f«»rf. Rolls.

And whan I come to the kirk,
And sholde knele to the roodfe,
And preye for the peple ....
For pilgrymes and ibr palmeres. — ■

Piers Plowman, 2679-83.

Whpre with ray hands I hewed a house
Out of a craggy rocke of stone,
And lived like a palmer poore
Within that cave iliyself alone.-^
'The Legend of Sir Guy': Vevcy's Reliques.

The corresponding French Paulmier
and Paumier are not .nearly so common
in France as Palmer is in this country ;
and there is now confusion with the Fr.
paumier, a tennis-court keeper. ,

PALSER for Paliser, q.v

PAMPHILON

PAMPLIN

PAMPLING

Ace. to T. Wright ('Prov. Dict.')^a»!/> j'Kob'
occurs in HoUyband's ' Dictionarie,' A.D.
1 593, with the definition : ' a coat of diiier-
ent colours, formerly worn by servants' ;
but I cannot find the word there.

PAN COAST, a well-known American corrupt
form of Pankhurst, q.v. '

PANCRUST for Pankhurst, q.v.

PANG BORN 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Pangbourn

PANG BOU RN \ (Berks), A.D. 843-4 Pteginga-

PANG BOURNE J burna = the Br,ook of the

Pmg{a. Family {-inga, genit, pi. of the

fil. suff. -ing ; burna, a brook]

PANKHURST (Eng.) Bel. to Pankhurst or
Penkhurst ; ace. to Lower, an estate in

forms of Paplllon, q.v.

Pafinell

59

Parfitt

E. Sussex [M.E. hurst, O.K. h^rst, a wood:
early forms of the name lacking, nothing
definite can be said as to the origin of the
first element ; but the Sussex word
pennock, ' a small bridge over a water-
course,' may be mentioned as being
phonetically possible]

PAN NELL, an assim. form of Pagnel (q.v.)

In the "Testa de Nevill (13th cent.) the
same person is called Panel and Painel :
V. Pain(e, Payn(e. , .

PANNETT, the same name as Pannell,
Pagnel, with the dim. suff. -el replaced
by -et.

In France Pan{n)et and Panel are about
equifrequent.

PANNIER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) meton. for i Bread-
basket Maker.

2 Bread-Seller [M.E. pan(n)ier, Fr.

panier, Lat. panari-um, a bread-basket ;

f.JLat.^a«-w, bread]

Robert le Pannier.^

Close Rolls, A.D. 1275.

PANTER

PANTHER

PANTLER

(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Pantry - Keeper,
Butler [M.E. pan(e)ter, pantere,
A.-Fr. panneter (rr. panetier),
L.Lat. pdn^tdri-us; 'LX.a.V paneta, bread-
maker ; Lat. pan-is, bread]

Robert le Panter. — Hund. Rolls.

The furst yere, my son, thow shalle be
pantere or buttilare.- —

John Russel, Boke of Nurture, 1. 49.

For piacience is hus [house] paneter.
And payn [bread] to povetf e fyndeth. —
P/eraP/ottimflB (ed. Skeat), xvii. 151.

PANTIN, the French Panetin = Pdnet (v.
under Pannett) -1- the dirti. suff. -in.

In moden French a pantin is a dancing
Jack, puppet.

PANTING = Pantin, with excresceint -g.

PANTON (Eng. or Scand.) Bel. to Panton
(Lines), 13th cent. Panton [the first ele-
ment seems to be a pers. name, perh. f.
O.N. pant-r, a pledge + tun, a homestead,

estate]

PANYER = Pannier, q.v.

PAPE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Pope (a nickname and

pageant - name) [Fr. pape, Lat. papa,

, whence O.E./iif^ij]

Hugh le Pape.— P/flc. Dom. Cap. Westm.

PAPILLON (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname from the
Butterfly [Fr. papillon, Lat. papilio,

■onis]

PAPPIN (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the Frepch Papin =,
I Pape (q.v.) -|- the dim. suff. -in.

2 the Lat. Papin-us, a dim. f. Papi-us,

the name of a Roman gens [perh. f. Lat.

pappiis, Gr. wditwos, a grandfather]

PAPWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Papworth (Camb.),
13th cent. Papworth, Pappeworth =
Pap(p)a's Farm or Estate [A.-Sax. -
*Pap(6)an-wor^ — Pap(p)an-, genit. of

Pap{p)a\

PARADICE ) (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.-Pers.) i Dweller'
PARADIS [ at a Paradise,, i.e. an open
PARADISE ) space or court by a monastery
or church.

2 a pers. name [Fr. paradis ; Lat.
paradis-us, Gr. wapddeur-os, a park, garden,
or pleasure-ground — used in the
Septuagint for the Garden of Eden : from

the Zend]
The surname Paradis is much commoner
in France than Paradise (&c.) is in this
country.

PARAIVIOR V(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Lover, Sweet-
PARAMORE [ heart [M.E. O.Fr. par amour,
PARAIVJOUR ) by or for love ; Lat. per amor-
em]
0{ paramours he sette nat a kers. —

Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 3756.

PARDEW] (A.-Fr.-Lat.) for the French Par

PARDEY VDieu = ByGod; a nickname froin

PARDY J this oath [Fr. par diejt, Lat. per

deum, ace. of deus ; but the classical form

of the oath was plural— ^er dees']

John Purilieu.— Rolls of Pari.

He is a kynges brother sone, pardee.—

Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 3084.

PARDOE "1 for the Cont. Pardo: 1 f. the
PARDOWJ O.Teut. name-stem Pardr for,
Bard- [v. under Bardrick], treq. a dim.'of
a name vvith Pard- (Bard-) for its first
element (such as Bardwulf); e.g. the
French saint-name Pardoux appeared in
Latin as Pardulfus. '

2 the Ital., Span., and PoTtMg. pardo (for
leopardo) — Leopard,

There has poss. been some confusion
with Pardew, q.v.

PARDON (Fr.) the French Pardon is an accus.
(and dim.) form oi Pardo: v. Pardee'.

PARFETT 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Perfect, Upright
PARFITT J iM.E. parfit, patfpt, O.Fi. parf{e)it

rr r S^^' P'^'^f"^*)' ^^^- Perfect-us]

He [the ' Doctour of Phisik] was a

v^n-ayparjlt praktisour.—

Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 422.
For lob the parfit patriarke repreoueth

thy sa-wes.^Piers Plowman, xxi. 153.

Pargeter

60

Parnell

PARGETER \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Plasterer [f.M.E.
PARGITER J pargeten, O.'ti. pargeter, porgeter,
to plaster a wall ; Lat. projectare, to cast ■

before]

' Mafon, a par^etter : a roughmason, or

he that trimmeth walls with rough cast.' —

Nomenclator, A.D. 1585.

PARHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Parham (Suss. ; Suff.)
= the Pear(-Tree)-Enclosure [O.E.
per- + ham{m, a piece Of land, enclosure]

The Sussex Parham was Perham A.D.
959, and also in the 13th cent.

PARIS \ (Lat.-Celt.) Bel. to Paris = the
PARISS J Town of the Gaulish Tribe Parish
[The Roman name of the place which
is now called Paris was Z.Mteizai'arazorMjM:
Lutetia was supposed by Whitley Stokes
to be for Lucetia, , ' the light or bright
place' ; the tribal name is of doubtful

origin]
Robert de Paris. — Hund. Rolls.

For Frenssh of Parys was to hire [her]
/ unknowe. —

Chaucer, Prol. Cant. Tales, 126.

(Gr.) a pers. name from the celebrated

Trojan; Lat. Paris, Gr. Jldpis [cp. Gr.

rdpur-os, almost equal, just like]

Paris is a very common French surname.

PARISH (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) Dweller at the

Ecclesiastical Area so called [M.E.

parisch(e, parysch{e, Fr. paroisse, Lat.

parcBcia; Gt. irapoiKla, a sojourning]

Willelmus de Parysch. —

YorksPoll-Tax,.A.D. 1379.

PARK ICEng. and A.-Fr.) Dweller in an

PARKE J Enclosed Ground [M.E. parke,

parrok, O.'E. pearroc, an enclosure, park

(O.Fr. pare is prob. f. Teut.]

John del Vaic— Hund. Rolls.
Roger atte Parke. — Pari. Writs.
PARKER (Eng.) Park-Keeper, Gamekeeper
[M.E.parker(e, etc. ; v. under Papk(e, and
+ the agent, suff. -«?•]

Our 13th and 14th cent. Rolls abound
with such entries as 'Adam le Parker' and
' Michael le Parcur.'

Grayvis [reeves], and baylys [bailiffs],
and parker

Schone [shall] come toacounteg every
yere. — The Boke of Curtasye, 589-90.

PARKERSON, the Parker's Son: v. Parker.
There may have been some confusion
with Parkisson, Parkinson, q.v.

n^ol^f^ I I genit., and pi., of Park(e, q.v.
PARKS J

2 occ. contr. of Parkins, q.v.

Cp. Perk(e)8.

PARKHILL (Eng.) Bel. to Parkhill (Yorks,

Aberdeen, etc.) = the Park-Hill [v.

Park and Hill]

PARKHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at the Park-
House [v. Park and Houbb]

PARKHURST (Eng.) Bel. to Parkhurst =
the Park-Wood [v. Park and Hurst]
Parkhurst (Forest), I.o.W., is mentioned
in Domesday Book as Parcus Regis. The
Surrey Parkhurst occurs in the 16th cent,
as Parkehurst.

PARKIN
PARKYN

I = Perkin, a dim. of Peter, q.v.

PARKY'Jfs}P^^''''''^(Son)

PARKINSON
PARKYNSON
PARKISSON

■ Parkin's Son

V. Parkin.

PARKMAN = Park (q.v.) + man.

PARLEY. The is no trace of a place of this
name ; so that it may be a descendant of
the A.-Fr. name Parleben, Parlebien, 'Good
Speaker' {Fr. parle, he speaks ; (ult. £
Lat. parabola, a collation (from Gr.) -f Fr.
bien (earlier ben), Lat. bene, well]

PARLE I the French P/erre/ = Pierre (F*eter)
-I- the dim. suff. -el.
2 a form of Pearl (q.v.) [cp. Dut. paarl,

pearl]

PARLETT, the French pierrelet — Pierre
(Peter) -|- the double dim. suff. -el -et.

PARLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Parley (Dorset; Hants)
= the Pear (-Tree) Lea [O.E. pere -(-

leak]
PARMENTER ■> ( A. - Fr. - Lat. ) Clothier,
PARMENTIER Tailor [A.-Fr.; O.Fr. par-
PARMINTER ' mentier ; O.Fr. parement,
PARMITER ' ornamental clothing {-ment,
Lat. -ment-um) ; Lat. parare, to prepare]
Hanio le Parmenter. — Fine Rolls.
Saher le Parmentier. — Pari. Rolls.
WilUam le Parmeter. — Pari. Writs.
. . . le drapier et le parmentier. —

Louis XL, Nouv. xciv. 348 ; Moisy.

Le sire de Beaumont aperjut un

chevalier de Normandie, qu'il connut par

ses paremens.—

Chron.deFroissart,'ed.'Bnd:ion,l.j.c. iig.

PARNALL r ( A.-Fr.-Gr. ) formerly Pemel{e,

PARNELLJ Fr. iV«e/, Peronel (m.), Pernelle,

Peronelle (f.), the latter Latinized as

Petronella or Petronilla,,a\\ dim. forms of

Peter (Fr. Pere, Pierre), q.v.

Pernel Clere. — Hund. Rolls.

William Peronel.— ffawrf. Rolls.

Parnham

6i

Partridge

Pernele Proud-herte
Platte hire [threw herself down] to the
ertjie. — Piers Plowman, 2599-3600.

Parnel(l went out of fashion as a female
christian name owiijg to its gradually be-
coming unfavourably connected with the
sex—

' Parnel (Ital. Petronella). A slut ; a
loose gkV—Prov. Diet., ed. T. Wright.

Per{r)oneau (-eau for earlier dim. -el, m.)
is a rather rare surname in France, as
also is Pdrineau ; the forms with the dims.
-et, -ot being much commoner.

PARNHAM (Eng.)Bel. to Parnham (Dorset)
[the second element is either O.E. ham,
■ home, estate, or O.E. ham(m, a piece of
land, enclosure : for the first element
evidence of early spelling is wanted, but
it may be noted that Parndon, EsSsx; was
formerly Parringdon]

PARNWELL (Eng.) [the second element is

O.E. wiella, a spring : for the first element

evidence of early spelling is wanting, and

the spot is not identified]

PARR (Engj) Bel. to Parr; or Dweller at a
Stock-Enclosure [M.E. par{r, (East.
Dial. E., an animal-pen), O.E. pegrr-, an

enclosure]
The Lane, place was Parre A.D. 1298,
i'ar A.D.I 307.

(A.-Fr.-Gr.) an Anglicized form of the
French P^e, Pierre = Peter, q.v.

PARRAM for Parham, q.v.

PARRAMORE = Paramore, q.v.

PARRATTa

PARRETtI (A-.Fr.-Gr.) 1 = Parr^q.v.) -|- the
PARR ITT "Ft. dXm. snSs. -at, -et, -ot. .

parrottJ

2 occ. a nickname from the Parrot

[same etymology ais i : the French

christian name Perrot was betowed upon

the bird as a pet name]

Cp. Perratt, etc.

PARRIN (A.-Fr.-Gr.) = Parp» (q.v.) + the
Fr, dim. suff. -in.

Cp. Perrin.

PARRIS 1 I for Paris, q.v.

PARRISS j 2 Parry's (Son) : v. Parry^

PARRISH for Parish, q.v.

v. under Park ante.

PARROCKI
PARRICK J

PARRY (Celt. -{- Teut.) the Welsh Ap-Harry
= SoN OF Harry : v. Harry [Wei. ap, ah,

son]
Thomas Ap-Harjy.-^Charter-Rolls.

(A.-Fr.-Gr.) = Parr' (q.v.) -t- the E.
dim^ suff. -y.

PARSLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Parsley = (perh.)
' Par(r)'s Lea ' [v. Parr ; and -h M.E. ley,

O.E. ledhl

There may have been confusion with
Parslow.

PARSLOW (Eng.) Bel. to Parslow (? Parsloes,
Essex) [O.E. hlc^w, a (burial) mound, hill :
without the evidence of early forms
of the name nothing definite can be said
as to the origin of the first element, which
may, represent the A.-Sax. pers. name
Pceghere in the geuit. case]

PARSON (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Person (of Rank);
Priest [il.F,.' persone, persoun, O.f'r.
persone ; Lat. persona]
Walter le Persone.— Par/. Rolls.

A good man was ther of religioun.
And was a poure persoun of a toun. — ■

Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 477-8.
(A.-Fr.-Gr. -|- E.) = Pearson, q.v.

PARSONAGE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at, or by,

the Parsonage [v. under Parson', and

-I- the Fr. suff. -age, Lat. -atic-us']

PARSONS, the Parson's (Son): v. Parson'.

PARSONSON, the Parson's Son: V. Parson'.

PART, a form of Pert, q.v.

PARTINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Partington
(Chesh.), i6th cent, same spelling = the
Estate of the Peart(a Family [A.-Sax.
*Peartinga-tun — Peart- prob. a metathe-
sized form of O.E. prat{t = O.N. prett-r =
M.Dut. perte, Dut. part, a trick, whim -(-
-inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing -f- tAn,
estate, etc.]

The place-name Peartingawyrth occurs
in a Sussex charter c. A.D. 791.

PARTON (Eng.) Bel. to Parton, = the Pear-
Orchard, or Pear-Tree Farm [O.E.

pere -\- tun]

PARTRICK (Teiut.) Glorious Ruler [O.Ger.
Perhtric for Ber(a)htric — O.H.Ger. ber(a)ht
= O.Sax. berht = O.E. beio)rkt =• Goth. ■
bairht-^s = O.N.biart-r, bright, glorious -f
a der. qf TeMt.*rik-, ruler, as OiE. rka and
Goth. m*-j]

Partryk occurs in the 'Liber Vitse' of
Durham.

Robertus Pertryk. —

Yprks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

PARTRIDGE('A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.)anicknamefrora

the bird [M.E. partrick(e, pertrich(e, O.Fr.

pertrisifaod. Ft. perdrix), hat. perdix, Gr.

ripSii, a partridge]

(Teut.) a palatal form of Partriok, q.v.

Pascal(l

62

Patmore

PASCAL(L\

PASCHAL

PASCO V. Pash, Pask.

PASeOE •

PASKY I

Paschal Balistarius. — Close Rolls.

Pascal (later Pascau)is a very; common
French surname, the form Paschal (Lat.
Paschalis) being comparatively rare.

PASH ] (A.-Lat.-Gr.-Heb.) One born during

PASK \ the Passover Festival or Easter-

PASKE J TIDE [M.E. pask(e, pasche, passke

(O.Fr. pasque),. O.E. pascha, hat. pascha, Gr.

irda-xo.! Heb. pesakh, a passing-over]

John Pask.— Hwwrf. Rolls.

John Passhe. — Valor Eccles.

PASH LEY, for the French Passeleu [Fy. passe,

a pass, passage ; Lat. pass-us, a step + ■

O.Fr. leu, loup, a wolf ; Lat. lupins']

PASKALLl p „

PASKELL;- f'ascall, q.v.

PASK I N = Pask (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. suff. -in. ,
The French Pasquin is not nearly so
common as Pasquet.
PASKINS, Paskin's (Son).
PASMORE = Passnnope, q.v. '

PASS, V. Pace.

PASS(E)Y, V. Pacy : Pacy-sur-Eure, Paciacum
in 1195, was Pfljjy in 1356.

PASSINGHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Passenham

,1, *e 1
f'ASSA's Home or Estate

PASSMAN (Fr.-Lat. + E.) Dweller at a
Pass [M.E. pas(s, a pass, passage; Fr.
pas, hat. pass-US, a step, track + E. man']

PASSMORE. If, as seems likely, this is a

M.E. local name, the first element is prob.

M.E. pas{s, a pass, passage, narrow

path [Fr. pas, passe ; Lat. pass-ifs, a step]

+ M.E. more [O.E. mdt, a moor]

Cp. Padmore. !

PASTON (Eng.) BeL to Fasten (Northamp. —
loth-cent. Latin-charter form Pastun ;
Norf. ; Northumb., etc), usual i3th-cent.
^ form Paston = Pasa's Estate [A.^Sax.
*Pasantuh — Pasan-, genit. of Pasa (perh.
an unvoiced form of Basa : v. Bass' and
Barton) ; tun, estate, etc.]

PATCH (A.-Fr.) the French Pache, prob. f.
Teut. : V. undet Pack (A.-Fr.»)

(Eng.) I a palatal form ol Pack, q.v.

Cp.' Pp.tching.

2 JESTER, Clown [f. E. patch, an in-
serted piece of cloth]

(Northants), the A.-Sax. Passan-hdm =
Passa's Home or Estate {O.E. hdm\

PATCH ELL, the French Pachel = Pache (v.
Patch (A.-Fr.) + the dim. suff. -el.

PATCH ETT, the French Packet, Pachot =
Pache (v. Patch (A.-Fr.) -t- the dim. suff.
-et, -ot.

Richard Pachet. —

Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274,
Alicia Pachot. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

PATCHIN :i the Vreach. Pachin = Pache (v.
PATCHENJ Patch (A.-Fr.) + the dim. suff.
-in.

PATCHING (A.-Fr.) = Patchin (q.v.), with
added -g.

(Eng.) Bel. to Patching (Suss.)) the

A.-Sax. Paccingas (A.D. 960) = (the

I Estate of the) 'Pmcc- Family [-j«^as, pi.

of the O.E. fil. suff. -ing\

PATE, a Scot, and N. Eng. dim. of Patrick,
q.v. ; rarely of Peter, q.v.

PATEMAN = Pate's Man (-Servant).

PATER I a contr. of Paternoster, q.v. .

2 a form of Peter, q.v.

PATERNOSTER (A.-Lat.) PATERNOSTRERi i.e. .
maker of, or dealer in, paternosters
(rosaries) [M.E. paternostrer ; Lat. Pater
Noslet, Our Father 4- the E. agent, suff.

-er-\

PATERSON I a Scot, form of Patrickson,
q.v.
2 Pater's Son : v. Pater.

PATES, Pate's (Son) : v. Pate.

PATESHALL (Erig.) Bel. to i PateshuU or

Pattishall (Northamp.), 13th cent. Pates-

hulle = (prob.) Peat(e):s Hill [M.E.

hull{e, O.E. hyll, a hill]

We fiiid the A.-Sax. pers. name Peata

in Peatanig (A.D. 963), now Patney, Wilts.

2 PatshuU or PatteshuU (Staffs), 13th

cent. Petleshull, Patleshull = P.a;TEL's or

Peatel's Hill [M.E. hull, O.E. hyll,

a hill]
The A.-Sax. pers. name P^la (for
Pmtela) occurs in a loth-cent. charter
(' Cart. Sax.,' 779).

PATI^l"" ^^y^ (q.v.) + the E. dim. sufi.
PATY J-«)^>-'^-

Hugh Paty.— Hund. Rolls. '
PATFIELD for Padfield, q.v.
PATMAN, V. Pateman.
PATMORE, for Pad more, q.v.

Paton

63

Pauncefort

PATON I the French Paton, an accus. and
dim. form of the O.Teut. Pato.

2 Paton is so common a surname in

Scotland that it must have "another

source besides the French name ^- prob.

' the dim. of Patrick (q.V.), with the Fr.

dim. suff. -on.

PATRICK, the Latin Patricius, is fotind in 13th

' and 14th cent. . Eng.- records as Patric,

. ^Patrik, Patryk, Paterik ; it is the Ir. Pdt-

raic, Pddraic, Pddraig (O.Ir. Patrice);

Gael. Pddruig [Lat. patrici-us, patrician,

noble]

PATRICKSON, Patrick's Son: v. Patrick.

PATTEIVldRE, V. Patmore, Padmore.

PATTEN "1 I the French Patin, i. the O.Teut.
PATTIN ) name-stem Pat-, with the Fr. dim.
suff. -in. '

2 Patten, Pattin, like Paton, are so
common in Scotland and the North of
England that there must be anpther source
besides the French name — prob. the
. dim. of Patrick, (q.v.), with the Fr. dim.
sufl. -in.

PATTENDEN (Eng.) Bel. to Pattenden, the
A.-Sax. Pattandenu = Patta's Valley
[Pattan-i genit. of Patta + denu (obi. dene),

a, valley]

There is a Pattenden in Ketit ; and a
Hampshire one occurs in a charter of
King Eadgar (A.D. 973-4) — ' on Pattan
dene.'

PATTENER (Fr.) Patten-Maker [M.Fr.

patinier, f. patin, a patten,' clog ; ■ O.Fr.

, pate (Ft. patte), a paw]

PATTERSON for Patrickson, q.v.

PATTEY)

PATTIE [v. Patey, etc.

PATTY J

PATTIN. V. Patten. ,

PATTINGHAIVI (Eng.) Bel. to Pattinghain
(Staffs), the Domesday Patingham = the
Home or Estate, of the Patt(a or
Peatt(a Family [A.-Sax. *P{e)attinga-
hdm — -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing;
Mm, home, etc.]

PATTINSON, Pattin's Son: v. Pattin,
Patten.

PATTlSON \i Pattie's Son: v. Pattie,
PATTISSON J Patey.

2 for Pattinson, q.v.

PATTON, V. Paton.

PATTRICK, V. Patrick.

PAUL (A.-Lat. ; A.-Fr.-Lat; ) Little [Gr.

IlaOXof, Lat. Paulus —paul-us, little]

Wiclif (1380) has the spelling Poul{e.g.

1. Cor. 1. 1.:' Paul depid apostle ofihesus

Crist ') ; but Tyndale (1534) aud Cranmer

(1539) have PawZ.

Paul is a common French surname.

PAULDEN \ (Eng.) Bel. to i Polden; 2 Palden
PAULDIN 1 [The second element is evid. the

M.E. dene, O.E. denu, a valldy ('John de

Paldene' occurs in an E. Lane, deed A.D.

i3z3--Z,a^. Inq. ii. 191). Thefirst element

may, in the one case, be M.E. pol{e, O.E.

p6l, a pool; in the other, M.E. pale; pole,

O.E. pal, a pale, pole, stake]

, The affix to Polden Hill, Somerset, app.

shows that the -den should he -don, O.E.

diin, a hill. >

PAULDING = Pauldin, Paulden (q.v.), with
added -g.

PAULET 1 the French Paulet = Paul (q.y.)
PAULETT J + the dim suff. -rf.

, Cp. Pawlett.
PAULEY! the French Pauly, a (Jeriy. f, Lat.
PAULY J Paulus through {a) a type Pauli-us,

(b) the genit. Pauli : v. Paul.

PA U LIN \the French Paulin = Paul (q.v.)
PAULLIN J + the dim. suff. -in.

Paulin de Basset. — Hund. Soils.

PAULING = Paulin (q.v.) with added -^.

PAULL, V. Paul.

PAULSON, Paul's Son : v. Paul.

PAUNCEFOOTl (A.-Fr.iat.) oqcur in our
PAUNCEFOTE J I3th-cent. records as Pance-
fot, Pancevot, the Domesday Pancevolt =, ■
Arched Paunch (evid. a nickname for a
corpulent person) [O.Fr. pakce (rriod.
panse), Lat. pantex, -ids, the belly + O.Fr.
volt{e, vaulted, arched (cp. mod. Fr. voUte,
a vault), Lat. volut-us, pp. oivolvere, to roll]

The mediaeval Latinization ot this name
as de Pede Planco (Broad-Foot) was possi-
bly due to motives of delicacy.

Pancevolt is one of the old Norman
names which Camden in his ' Remaines '
' prefaced by: "for who knoweth now
what these names were ? "

PAUNCEFORT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) may be a separate
name from Pauncefote, Pauncefoot
(Burke, s.n. ~ Pauncefort - Duncombe,
mentions a 'Geoffrey de Pauncefort,' A.D.
1209-10): if it is, the meaning is much the
same, but the etymology of the second
element is, of course, the Fr./ort(«, 'strong'
,' stout' [Lat./ortwJ-

Pavely

PAVELY (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Pavilly (Seine-
Inferieure), M.Lat. Pavil{l)iacus = Pa-
yiL(L)us' ESTATE {-dc-us, the Lat^Ga^l.
possess, suff. : the pers. name is app. a
dim. of Lat. pav-us (earlier pavo), a pea-
cock]
Robert de Pavely. — Hund. Rolls.

PAVETT the French Pavet, a dim. f. i Lat.
pav-us (,pdvo), ' peacopk.'.

2 the place-name Pa vie, Ital. Pavia, Lat.
Papia.

PAVEY I ^ ^

PAVIE i*''^ French Pavy, Pavie: i One from
PAVY I f"''^^'^' I*^"' Pavia, Lat. Papia.

2 a nickname from a kind of Peach
[Fr. pavie ; f. the place-name as above]

3 a deriv. f. Lat. pav-us (pavo), genit.
pavi, ' peacock.'

64

Peache

PAVIER

PAVIOUR

PAVYER

(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Paver, Pavior [Fr.
paveur; paver, to pave ; L.Lat.

pavare, for Lat. pavire, to ram (as
earth]
PAVIN, the Fr. Pavin, a dim. from the same

stem as Pavet : v. Pavett.
PAVITT for Pavett, q.v.

PAW \ (A. -Lat.) a nickname and sign-name
PAWE J from the Peacock [M.E. pawe, 0,E.
pdwa, Lat. pauo, a peacock];
Cp. Pay(e.
PAWLE for Paul, q.v.

PAWLETT, I Bel. to Pawlett or Paulet
(SomS.).

The family - name — Paulet — of the
Marquess of Winchester is supposed to
be taken from this place. Poss. the nam-
ing was the other way. There seems to
have been a place called Melcomb Paulet
in Somerset — the second name evid. from
the French pers. name — in the isth cent.

2 for Paulet(t, q.v.
^^;X^l:f}forPaul(e)y,q.v.

PAWLIN lf„, Do..i,„ „„
PAWLING jforPaulm.q.v.

PAWSON I Paw(e)'s Son : v. Paw(e.
2 for Paulson, q.v.
Stephen Pawessone. —

Lane. Fines, A.D. 1324.
Simon Paweson. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

PAXMAN, Pack's Man (-Servant.) : v. Pack.

paxson}'P''"''^^°''='-p^°'*-

2 for Paxton, q.v.

PAXTON (Eng.) Bel. to Paxton = P^ECc's
Estate [O.E. tun\

Paxton, Hunts, was Pacston in the 13th
cent ; Paxton, Berw., was Paxtun c. 1 100.

PAY \ (A.-Lat.) a nickname and sign-name
PAYE J from the Peacock [M.E. pa, pe, O.E.
ped, pdwa, Lat. pauo, a peacock]
PAYAN \ see the commoner (but less correct)
PAYEN ; Payn(e.

PAYBODY, V. Peabody.

PAYLING.v. Paling.

PAYN 1 ( A.-Fr.-Lat. ) lit. Rustic; Pagan,
PAYNE J Heathen [M.E. pain, payn, payen,
O.Fr. payen, pagien (Fr. paten), pagan ;
L.a.t: pagan-US, vUlagei—pag-us, village]
Gilbert Payn.— Hund. Rolls.
Payn le Fitz-Waryn. — Pari. Writs.
Simon Payn. — Lane. Fines (A.D. 1336).
And the trewe kinnesman, the payenes
sone. — William and the Werwolf, 354.
With alle the rytes of his payen wyse.T—
, Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 2370.
PAYNEL = Payn (q.v.) -|- the Fr. dim. suff.
-el.

John Paynel, Chamberlain of Chester,
A.D. 1326-7.

John Painel, Chamberlain of , Chester,
A.D- 1334-6. — Chesh. Chmbrlns.' Accts.

PAYNTER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Painter [M.E. peyn-
tour ; i. Fr. peindre, Lat. pingere, to paint]

PAYTER for Pater, q.v.

PAYTON I Bel. to Payton or Peyton (Devon ^
Suff.; etc.) = (prob.) P^ga's Estate
[A.-Sax. *Ptzgan-tiin ^ P<Bgan-, genit. of

Pcega]
2 V. Paton.

PEA (Eng.) a nickname and sign-name from
the Peacock [O.E. pea]

Richard le Pe.—Hund. Rolls.

PEABODY (Eng.) = Pea (q.v.) + body [M.E.
bodi, O.E.bodigl

App. a nickname for a showily-dressed
individual.

PEACE, a va'r. of Pace, q.v.

PEACH \ (A.-Fr.) i Bel. to Pech (France) ;

PEACHE J or Dweller at a Hill, Peak [a

palatal form of pecg (Le Pecq, Seine-et-

Oise) : cp. Norm. Dial, pec, a hob ; and

L.Ger. peek = Dut. piek, a pike = O.E.

p(c, a point, pike, peak]

Delpech is a fairly common French sur-
name.

Cp. Peck.

Peachey

65

Peatt

2 (occ.) a nickname from the Peach and

local name from the Peach-Tree [M.E.

peche (Fr. piche), O.Fr. pesche; Lat. persic-

us, peach-tree, Persian]

Reginald Peche.— ffwnd. Rolls.

J. Delpeche.— Pflm Directory.

PEACHEY= Peaoh(q.v.)+the E..dim. suff. -ey.

PEACOCK "I (Eng.) a nickname and sign-

PEACOCKE J name from the Peacock [v.

Pea; and + cock, O.E. cocc"]

PEAK \ (Eng.) Dweller at a Pointed Hill

PEAKE; [M.E. pec, pek; O.E. p^ac, a var. of

p(c, a point, pike]

Martyn del' Pek.—

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

The Peak District, Derbyshire, is re-
ferred to as Pea£ land in the A.-Sax.
Chronicle, A.D. 924.

See Peck and Pike.
PEAL ) *

PEALE \ V. Peelfe.
PEALL ) '

PEALLING, V. Pelling.

PEAR (A.-Lat.) Dweller by a Pear-Tree
\p.^.pere,'LaX.pir-us\

(A.-Fr.-Gr.) the French Pierre = Peter,
q.v.

PEARCE, V. Pierce, Piers.

^i^R^§f^}^'^'erc(e)y.

PEARCH, V. Perch.

PEARD is app. a contr. of Pearhead (Robert
Perheved — Hund. iJoHi)— either a nick-
name, or a local name from a Pear(-Tree)
Head (-Land) [v. Pear'; and -|- O.E.
he(ifod, head, high ground, upper part] ;
but there may have been some confusion
with Peart, Pert, q.v.

PEARL (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a name from the Jewel
[M.E. perle, Fr. perk"] .

Thomas Perle.— C/o5« Rolls, A.D. 1343.
PEARMAN "1 (Eng.) Dweller by a Pear-
PEARMAIN ; Tree [O.E. pere (La.t.pir-us) +

mann\
Cp. Oakman, Ashman, etc. >

(A.-Fr.-Lat.) for Pearmont, q.v.

PEARMOND 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.)Bel.toPierremont ,
PEARMONT /(Picardy) =iJ the Rock-Hill
[Fr. pierre, Lat. petra (Gr. Trirpa), a stone,
rock + Fr. mont, Lat. mens, mantis, a hill]

PEARS "
PEARSE

V. Pierce, Piers.

PSARSALL "1 Bel. to Pershall or Pershill
PEARSAULX (Staffs), A.D. 1188 Pereshulle

[M.E. hullie^ O.E. hyll, a hill : the pers.

name (in the genit.) may be the O.Fr. Pere
if not the rare A'.-Sax. Pteghere^

Sir Robert Tunsall, a noble knight,
And come of royall anceytree ;
Sir Ibhn Savage, wise and wight,
Sir Hugh Persall : there was 3. —

' Bosworth Feilde', 457-66 ; Percy's
Folio MS.
PEARSON, V. Pierson.

PEART, V. Pert.

PEASCOD (Eng.) meton. for a seller of peas-
cods [M.E. pese, a pea, pi. pesen ; O.E.
pise, pi.pisani Lat. pts-um, a pea + M.E.
codd(e, O.E. codd, a bag]

PEASE I like Peace, a var. of Pace, q.v.

2 meton. for a seller of Peas [v. under

Peascod]
John Pese.— Hund. Rolls.

PEASEGOODl r „
PEASGOOD } for Peascod, q.v.

PEASEY (Eng.) Dweller at the Peas-Field

[v. under Peascod, and -|- M.E. hey, hayi

O.E. htzg; haga, an enclosure]

PEASNALL\ (Eng.) Bel. to Peasenhall, Suff.,

PEASNELLj 13th cent. Pesenhal = the Peas-

CORNER (-Field) [v. under Peascod, and

-I- M.E. hal{e, O.E. h{e)al{h, a corner]

PEAT \ 1 an Early Mod. E. form of Pet
PEATE J [prob. conn, with Fr. petit{e, little, a
darling ; cp. South. Fr. petet, soft, delicate)
small-foot : doubtless f. an O.Celtic *pit,
something pointed or slender ; cp. WeL
pid, a tapering point (Gael, and Ir. peata
{(tax\\ex<,petta), a pet, are borrowed from

A.-Fr.]

You are a pretty peat, indifferent fair
too.— Massinger, Maid of Hon. (A.D.

1632), ii. 2.

2 short for Peatman, a Cutter of Peat

[M.E. i>e<(g, L.Lat./p^te, peat]

3 a dim. of Peter, q.v. [cp. Dut. Piet'\

4 f. the M. Dut. pete (mod. peet), a God-
parent [like Ger. pat{h)e,' f. Lat. pater
(spiritualis), with change to the weak

masc. decl.]

5 a lengthened (dial.) form of Pitt, q.v.

PEATLING = Peat' (q.v.) -f the dim. suff.
-ling.

PEATS, Peat's (Son) : v. Peat.

PEATT, y. Peat.

Peattie

66

Peevof

PEATTIE 1= Peat(t (q.v.) + the E. dim.
PEATY J suff. -ie, -y.

PEBgRDAY for Peabody, q.v.

PECHEY = Peaohey, q.v.

PECK I a var. of Peak, q.v.

Hugh de Peck. —

Chesh. Chmbrlns.' Accts., A.D. 1325-6.

Ricardus del Pecke.-^

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.I). 1579.

2 conf. with Pake, Paok(e, q.v.

PECKER = Peck, Peak(e (q.v.) + the agent,
suff. -er.
Roger le Peckere. — Huud. Rolls.

PECKHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Peckham=PECc(A)'s
or P^cc(a)'s Home [O.E. Mm, home,

estate]

Peckham, Kent, occurs inthe loth cent.
as Peccham.
Cp. Packham.

PECKOVER \ (Eag.) Dweller at the Peak-

PECOVER I Edge (V. Peck, Peak, and +

O.E. dfer, an edge, margin]

PEDDAR \ (Eng.) Pedler, Bagman [M.E.and

PEDDERJ Scot. pedder(e, f. Dial. E. ped, a

basket, hamper ; prob. rel. to pad\

Richard le Pedder. —

Lane. ,Assize-RoUs, A.D. 1258.

Martin }e Pedder(e. —
, Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.

Quhvlk [which] at the last of monie
smale couth [could] mak
This bonie pedder aiie gude fute pak.—
The Thrie Priests of Peblis, 191-2.

PEDDELL\(Teut.) the Dan.-Norw. pedel,

PEDDLE jSwed. p^dell, Dut. pedel, Ger.

pedell^BEAOLK [L.Lat. pedell-us, bedell-us ;

O.H.Ger. pitil, bitil]

PEDDIE, app. a dim. form of Peddar,
Pedder, q.v. ^

PEDLAR \ = Peddar, Pedder (q.v.) j the -l-
PEDLER J being due to a formation on a dim.,
ped[d)le, oiped, a basket, etc.

PEDLEY (Eng.) i Dweller at Peda's Lea
[O.E. leak, a lea]

2 a var. of Pad ley, q.v.

PEDMAN (Eng.) equiv. to. Peddar (q.v.)
{Dial. E. ped, a basket + matt\

William Pedman.—i'i>^-i2tfH,A.D. 1190.
PEEBLES (Celt.) Bel. to Peebles, A.D. 1 126

Pebles [app. the Cymric pebyll, pi. of
pabell, a. tent, pavilion + the M.E. pi.

suff. -es']

' In Peblis toun sumtyme, as I heard
tell . . .'—The Thrie Priests of Peblis, 1.

PEEK \
PEEKEJ

Peak(e, q.v.

PEEL I (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Dweller at a Forti-

PEELE J fied Residence or Small Castle

[Mig. pel, peill, pe(e)le; O.Fr. pel, Lat.

pal-US, a stake. But O.E. pil, Lat. pila, a

pillar, seems iiot to have been without in- '

fluence]

And at Lythkow wes than [then] apeill,
Mekill and stark, and stuffit weill
With Inglis men. —

Barbour, The Bruce, x. 137-9.

God save the lady of this pel. —

Chaucer, Hous of Fame, iii. 220.

' le ftfe of Hilton,' otherwise ' le Hall
of Wyche Eves.' —

Lane. Fines, A.D. 1550.
(occ.) 2 for 'Peeled,' i.e. Bald, Ton-
sured [f. O.F. peler; haX. pilare, to make

bald]
Thomas le Pale.— ParZ. Writs.
Cp. Pile|.

PEER for the French Pierre = Peter, q.v.

pIIrIe} = "'«"«■ 1--

PEERSON = Plerson, q.v.

PEET "
PEETE,

Peat(e, q.v.

PEETS = Peats, q.v.

PEEVER "I Bel. to Peever or Peover (Chesh.),
PEEVOR J anc. Pevre.

Peover is on the river of the same name;
but the river-name is prob. takpn trom
the village-name. The second element
can hardly be the O.E. dfer, a river-bank,
as the form of the name viiih-over is late.
The name has the appearance of having
lost a local sufSx ; and it may, in fact, be
the Pevenvieh of a Latin charter of King
Eadgar (a.d. 966: ' Cart. Sax.' No. 1175),
where Pever is prob. a pers. name allied
to the Ger. Pfeifer = Piper [f. O.H.Ger.
pfifa, an early borrowing from l,a.t.pipa, a
pipe (Lat. pipare, to pipe) ; whence also
Ital. piva, a pipe, and, prob. the Norman
name, Pever-el]

John de Pevre. —

Chesh. Chmbrlns.' Acds., A.T>. 1303-4.

John Pever.— ioMc. Fines, A.D. 1445.

J*egg

67

Pembroke

PEGG (Teut.) I the A.-Sax. name-stem Pe(c)g-,
Pag- (as in the A.-Sax. geogr. names Pecg-
esford, Pecganham, Peginga- Pxgingabume,
etc. [the stem is seen in Dut. and L.Gftr.
peg-el (whence Mod. High Gcx.pegel), a
gauge, liquid-measure = O.E. pceg-el, a
vessel for liquids (as wine), prob. orig,
with the measure marked off by a peg;
as well as in E. peg, M.E. pegge]

2 the pet form. Peg (with dim. suff.,
Peggie), oi Margaret (q.v.) is prob. due to
the early-8th-cent. St. Pega (St. Guthlac's
sister), whose name is seen (palatalized)
in Peakirk (Ndrthants),rwhose ancient
' church is dedicated to St. Pega [same

etymology]

Peter Peg.—Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.

Magota Pegge. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

There has prob. been some confusion
with Pigg, q.v.

PEGGRAM, V. Pegram.

PEGGS, Pegg's (Son) : v. Pegg.

■PEGLER, a gutturalized form of Pedler, q.v.

PEGRAM 1 (A.-Fr..Lat.) Pilgrim [O.Fr.pele-

PEG RU M J grin (Fr. pilerjn) ; Lat. peregrin-us,

a stranger: the /has dropped from the

surname through the lengthening of

the e]
WiUiam Pegnn.~Hund. Rolls.

PEIL

PEILE V. Peel(e.

PEILL J

PEIRCE = Pierce, q.v.

PEIRCEY = Piercy, q.v.

PEIRSON = Pierson, q.v,

PELHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Pelham (Herts), 13th
cent. Pelham [the first element is prob. an
A.-Sax. pers. name Peola, or Pcella; the
second, O.E., Wot, home, estate] "

PELISSIER (Fr.-Lat.) the common French
Pelissier, Pelissier = Fvrkiek [f. Fr.
pelisse; Lat, pellici-us, of skins— pellis, a

hide, skin]

PELL 1 (Eng.) I descendants of the A.-Sax.

PELLE J pers. name Pella or Palla [cp; O.E.

pell, pcell (M.E. pell(e, pall(,e), a pallium

' ' (Lat.]

2 Dweller at a Pell, Pill, or Pool
[Dial. E. pell, pill, are weak forms of pool
V —O.E. pdl, -pul]

(Fr.rLat.) the French Pel. Pelle [nick-
names from tlie O.Fr. and South.Fr. pel
{Fi.poil), hair,, beard ; Lat. pil-us] .

■Willia.ml'eUe.—Hund. Soils.

PELLATT ] the French Pelat, Pellat, Pelet,
PELLET Pellet, dims, of />«;(/«: v. Pell(e
PELLETT J (Fr.-Lat.) [Fr. dim. suff. -at, -et]

PELLEW "I the French Pelleau, a dim. of Pelle :

PELLOWJ V. Pell(e (Fr.-Lat.) [Fr. dim. -eau,

earlier -el, Lat. -ell-US']

PELLING I theFfench Pelin, Pellin, dims, oi _
Pel(le (v. Pell(e, Fr.-Lat.), with excrescent
-g. [Fr. 3ira. suff. -in, Lat. -in-us]
2 V, Pilling.

PELLITER (Fr.-Lat.) the common French
Pelletier = Furrier [Fr. pelletier ; f. O.Fr.
pel {mod. peau), Lat. pelHs, a hide,fSkin]

Adam le Peleter. — Hund. Rolls.

PELLS, Pell's (Son) : v. Pell.

PELLY (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the French PeU, Pelle =

the Bald \Fr. pele, pp. ofpeler,L,a.t.pilare,

to make bald]

PELSALL (Eng.) Bel. to Pelsall (Staffs), late

loth-cent. Peolshale, (14th cent. Peoleshale)

= (prob.) Peol's Corner [O.E. h(e)dl(h]

PELTON (Eng.) Bel. to Pelton (Durham)
[v. PeU (Eng.), and + O.E. tun, farm,

estate]

PEMBER. There is no trace of this being an
Eng. localname;othei'wiseit could repre-^
sent an O.E. pin-beant, 'pine-grove.' , Nor\
does it seem to be Cymric. In all pror
' bability it is the descendant of an A.-Sax.
fern, name *Pendburh; this appears allthe
more likely from the occurrence of the
Eng. place-name Pertiberton, / .

PEMBERTON (Engl) Bel. to Pemberton
(Lanes), A.D. 1200 Penberton [v. under
Pennber, and -t- O.E. tin, farm, estate, etc.]

PEMBRIDGE. Bel. to Pembridge (Heref.),
13th cent. Penbrigge, Penfiebrigge [the
bridge, O.E. brycg, is over the R. Arrow ;
the pl^ce is sufficiently close to the Welsh
' border for the first element to be the
Wei. pen, a head, hill, rather than the
O.E. penn, a pen, enclosure, or the A.-Sax.
pers. name Penda]

PEMBROKE (Celt.) Bel. to Pembroke, app.

representing the O.Wth pen-brog = the

Head or End of the Land [^^Mod.

Wei. pen, a head, end + bro (compounded,

mutated to /ro), land, country]

' It derives its name from i1?«//;o penin-
sula, which extends for two miles N. of
the town, between it and the main
channel of Milford Haven.'— iVai. Gaz.

(There is another Penfro in co. Car-
naiVon).

Pend(e)g:ast

6S

Penn

for Pencl(e)gast, q.v.

F?END(E)GAST seems to be a compound of
pend- (seen iu the name of the famous
7th-cent. Mercian King Penda), and Teut.
gast (O.Sax., O.H.Ger., O.Dut. gast =
Goth, gast-s = O.E. gest, gi{e)sl = O.N.
gest-r), guest, stranger. (In jJUrely A.-
Saxon names the form of the second
element was usiially -gist, as in the case of
the FriYegist mentioned in the Chronicle,
A.I). 993).

It Pend- is Teutonic it must be the same
word as O.Fris. pend, pand = East Fris.
pand = M.L.Ger. and Dut. pand — O.N.
pant-r (m.) =Ger. pfand, a pledge (O.Fris.
penda=Ge\: pfdnden); but there are rea-
sonable grounds for assuming that the
stem is Celtic (cp. Chad), viz. the
O.Cymric pend (Wei. pen, Corn. pe{d)n) =
O.Ir. cend (Ir. and Gael, ceann), head,
chief.

PENDEGRASS, a corr. form of Pend(e)gast,
q.v.

PENDER (Eng.) \ the A.-Sax. Pendhere [v.
under Pend(e)gast, and + O.E. here, army]
2 a var. of Pinder, q.v.
William le Pendere. — Mun. Gildh. Land.

PENDERGAST
PENDERGEST
PENDERGRASS
PENDERGRAST

PENDLE. Bel. to Pendle(Hill) (Lanes), A.D.
1294 PennetAlle, 14th cent. Penhil, Penhul
[the second element is O.E. hyll, a hill ;
the hill being over 1800 feet high, the first
element is rather the Cymric pen/s. head,
height, than O.E. penn, ah animal-enclo-
sure]

PENDLEBURY 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Pendlebury
PENDLEBERRYJ (Lanes), end 12th cent.
Penulbery, 13th and 14th cent. Penhulbury,
PeniWury [This stronghold — O.E. burh,
dat. byrig — can hardly be conn, with
Pendle (Hill), from which it is some con-
siderable distance ; so that the first two
elements may Represent the A.-Sax. pers.
name Penw(e)alh, or Peniu{e)aldi\

PENDLETON. Bel. to Pendleton (Lanes"),
13th cent, (both places) Penhulion, Pennul-
ton, Penelton, Penhiltone [The Manchester
Pendleton is near Pendlebury (q, v.), so
that the first two elements of the name of
the forpier place maybe taken to have the
same origin with those of the latter. The
Pendleton near Clitheroe — otherwise
Little Pendleton — is at the foot of Pendle
1 Hill :vi Pendle]

PENDRED "I (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Pendrced

PENDRETH J [v. under Pend (e)gast, and -)-

O.E. rckd, counsel, policy]

- Pettdrced was the name of a Mercian

minter in Offa's time.

PENDRICK (Celt. -1- Teut.) the Welsh Ap-
Hendrick = Son of Hendrick: v. Hend-
rick. [Wei. api son]

PENDRY (Celt. + Teut.) the Welsh Ap-Hen-
dry = Son of Hendry: v. Hendry [Wei.

ap, son]

PENEFATHER,v. Pennefather.Pennifathen.

PENFOLD = Pinfold, q.v.

PENGELLY /(Celt.) Bel. to Pengelly (Corn-

PENGILLY Iwall) = the Head of the

Grove [Corn, and Wei. pen, a head, top

+ celli (kelly), a grove]

PENISTON \ (Eng.) Bel. to Peniston(e (W.

PENISTONE J Yorks), 13th cent. Penneston-'

Penn's Estate [O.E. tAn, estate, farm]

PENK 1 V. Pink.

2 a contr. of Penketh or Penkethman,
q.v.

PENKETH rBel. to Penketh (Lanes), 13th

PENKETT \cent. Penketh, Penket [this name

is not satisfactorily explainable from

A.-Sax. sources ; so that jt may poss. be a

form of the Wei. pen coed (O.Wel. coii),

' head or end of the Vi/ood ]

PENKETHMAN \ = Penketh (q.v.), and -1-
PENKEYMAN J man.

Richard Penkethman, of Warrington,
AJi.issz— Chester Wills.

PENLINGTON, app. a corrupt form of Pen-
dleton, q.v.

PENMAN (Fr.-Lat. + E.) Scribe, Writer
[O. Fr. penne, Lat. penna, a feather -f- E.

mati\

(rarely) (Celt.) Bel. to Penmaen = the

Rock-Head [WA. pen, a head, height -f

maen, a stone, rock]

PENN (Eng.) 1 Dweller at a Pen or, Fold

[O.E. penn\
Adam de la Penne.— ffMBrf. Rolls.

The Staffs Penn is Penne in Domesday
Book. /

(occ.) 2 the A.-Sax. pfirs. name Penniji.

(Celt.) Dweller at a Head or Height
[Wel./.g«]

The Bucks Penn, Penna in the 13th
century, is on an eminence from which
views of many counties .can be obtained.
It may therefore be the Welsh pen. From
this Penn is derived indirectly the first
part of the name of Pennsylvania, called
after Penn, the Quaker, whose family-
name seems to have been taken from the
Bucks parish.

(Fr.) the French P^ (eariier Penne) is

Pennager

69

Penrith

(a) a nickname and sign-name itorapenne

[Lat. penna\ a feathef ; (J) a local name

trom Celt. pen(n, a rock, head [Gaul, penn-

= Bret. pen(n]

. . . penn, en gaulois pernios, est un mot

gallois et breton, d'origine gauloise, qui

veut dire 't6te et bout.' — d'Arbois de

Jubainville, Les Celtes (1904), p. 28.

Larchey mentions' (p. 367) a i3th-cent.
Albigensian chevalier, Olivier de Penite,
vvho had a feather for his blazon and
dated his charters from the Chateau de
Penne (Rock).

PENNAGER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Plumier, Feather-
Dresser i[f., with the agent, suff. -er,
M.E. O.Ft. pennage, plumage; 'LaX.penna,
a feather; suff. -age, Lat. -atic-us]

William le Pennager. — Close Rolls.

Bardsley says that the Pennager was
an ' ensign-bearer/ This may poss. have
been an exceptional meaning ; it, of
course, involves a different etymology for
the second element of the name.

PENNANT (Celt.) Bel. to Pennant (a common

Welsh place-name) = the Head of the

Ravine or Brook [Wei. pen, a head +

nant, a glen, stream]

(A.-Fr.-Lat.) One Doing Penance
[M.E. O.Fr. penant ; Lat. poenitentia, peni-
tence]

Thou art nat lyk a penant or a'goost. —
Chaucer, Cant. Tales, B 3124.

PENNEFATHER, v. Pennifather.

PEN NELL 1 the French Penel, Fennel = Fine,

Penne (v. Penn, Fr.) -|- the dim. suff.-e)/

[Lat. -ell-us]

The old form Penel is still commoner

, in France thfen the later Peneau.

2 for Paynel, q.v.

There is also some evidence of con-
fusion with Pernell (Papnell)i q.v., and
Pinnell, q.v.

PENNER (Eng.) One Who Pens Animals
[f. M.E. pen(n, O.E. penn, a pen, enclo-
sure ; with the agent, suff. -er]

John le Penner. —
■ Subsidy-Roll (Soms.), A.D. 1327.

There is no evidence that this name
ever denoted a maker of writing-peiis.

Cp.,Pinner.

PENNEY, V. Penny.

PEN N ICK \ (Celt.) Big Head [Bret, pennek—
PEN NOCK i pen(n, a head + the possess, suff.

-ek]
Cp. Pinnock.

Pennek: Tetu, qui a une grosse tete. Au
figur6, entet^i opiniatre, obstin6 .....
Pennek est un notn de famille assez com-
mun en Bretagne. On dit aussi, par
antonomase, siraplement penn, qui, au
propre, signifie tSte. —

Le Gonidec, Diet. Bret.-Franf., p. 480.

PENNIFATHER (Eng.) Skinflint, Niggard,

Miser [M.E. penifader, penyfad^; O.E.

pening, penig, penny + feeder, father]

Richard Penifader. — Hiund. Rolls.

The idea presumably was that the

miser 'fathered' or treasured every

penny.

Alas, this reconfirms what I said, rather ;
Cosmus has ever been a penny-father. —
Harrington, Epigrams (A.D. 1615), ii. 21.

PENNIGER, V. Pennager.

PENNIMAN.v. Pannyman.

PENNINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Pennington

(Lanes'; Hants) = the Estate of the

Penn(a Family [A.-Sax. * Penninga-tAn

— -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing;

ttin, estate, etc.]

The N. Lane. Pennington was Pennige-
tun in Domesday Book, Peninton in 1202,
and Penynton in 1262-3. The S. Lane,
place occurs in the same Inquisition
c. 1332 ('Lane. Inq.', ii. 239) both as
Pennyngton and Pynnyngton.

PENNY (Fr.) the common French Peny, also
Peney, Pennd, a deriv. from Pene, Penne :
v. Penn (Fr.)

(Eng.) a nickname from the coin [M.E.
' peny, pent, O.E. peni(n)g]

Alexander Peny, — Hund. Rolls.
Robert Peni. — do.

PEN NYCOOK (Celt.) Bel. to Penicui(c)k

(Edinburgh), 13th cent. Penicok, Penycoke

[prob. Cym. pen-y-cog, head or height of

the cuckoo]

PENNYFATHER, v. Pennifather.

PENNYMAN prob. = Penny's Man (-Ser-
vant) : V.' Penny.

PENR(H)YN (Celt.) Bel. to Penr(h)yn = the
Promontory f Wei. and Com.penr (%»]

PENRITH (Celt.) Bel. to Penrith (Cumb. :

13th cent. Penreth, Penryth) = the Red

Height [Cym. pen, a head, height -f-

rhudd (« as «, dd as th), red, crimson]

The Cumberland town is built of the
local red freestone.

Penrose

70

Pepys

PENROSE (Celt.) Bel. to Penrose or Penrhos

= the Head of the Moor or Heath

[Wei. and Corn, pen, a head, top + Wei.

r%os = Corn. r6s, a moor, heath]

There is a Penrose in Monmouth; and
also one in Cornwall.

PENRUDDOCK(E (Celt.) Bel. to Penruddock
(Cumb.), 13th cent; Penredek [Cym. pen,
a head, height + rhuddog = Corn, ruddoc
(O.E. ruddoc), a redbreast ; but the place-
name may not refer particularly to the
bird — rather to the colour of, the hill]

PENRY (Celt. + Teut.) the Welsh Ap-Henry
= Son OF Henry: v. Henry [Wei. a/^, a6,

spn]

PENSON, Penn's Son : v. Penn.

John Pehnesone. — CloseRoUs,A.D. 1343.

PENTECOST (A.-Fr.-Gr.) a name given to one

born at Whitsuntide [M.E. pentecost{e,

O.Fr. pentecoste (mod. pentecdte) ; f. Gr.

iretiTrjKiHrT-ds, fiftieth (with reference to the

number of days after the Passover]

Pentecost de Morton.-—

Close Rolls, A,D. 1330.
See the note under Osborn.

PENTLAND. Bel. to Peatland (Firth, Parish,
Hills) [We find the O.N. form Pettaland
fior^-r in, the Sagas, where Pettaland evid.
indicates the land of the Pehts or Picts ;
but the first element of the name
of the .old Edinburgh p'arish and the
Hills (i2th cent^ Pentlant) may rather
be for the Cymric pen, a height, and the
seqond represent O.Cym. lann (mod. Han)
= O.Ir. land, an enclosure, land]

The Pentland Hills derive their name
from a Brythonic Penn-llann, whence
i%K-?A/a»(f, with the usual rt/ for the strong
spirant W.— Rhys, Celt. Brit (ed. 1908),

P- 313-

PENTLOW \ (Eng.) Bel. to Pentlow
PENTE,LOW(E J (Essex), in a late copy of
the will of the i ith.-cent. Thurston Wine-
sun^ Pentelaw = Penta's or Penda's
■ Hill or Tumulus. [O.E. hldkw\

From the church-tower on the hill here
46 churches could be seen in 1868 ace. to
the Nat. Gas.

\ (Eng.) Bel. to Pentney (Norf.),
PENTONY ; ■ ~

PENTNEY

i3th cent. Penteneye = Penta's

or Penda's Island orWATERSipE [A.-Sax.

*Pendan-ig—Pendan-, genit. of Penda +

ig = OiN. ey, island, etc.]

Pentney is on the banks of the R. Nen :

the old watery lands are now drained.

PEOVER, V. Peevep.

PEPIN, the common French Pepin, Pdpin :
I from the O.L.Ger. Pip{p)in (Cp. the
A.-Sax. Pippen and Dut. Pippin) [prob. a ,
dim. nickname f. the onomatopoetic word
seen in mod. L.Ger. and Dut. piepen,
Dan.-Norw. pipe, Swed. pipa {pip, a, chirp,
whistle), Fr. papier, piper, Lat. pipare, Gr.
TTiTTrifeii', to pip, chirp, squeak, « whistle]

(occ.) 2 the O.Fr. pepin (cp. mod.
pipiniMsie), a gardener, nurseryman [app.
f. Ij'dX., pepo. a melon : cp. the Norman

Dial, pepin, ' an apple raised from seed']

Pepin is one of the most important
names m early mediaeval French history.
Pepin of Landen (Brabant) — d. A.D. 640
— was the progenitor of the CaroHngian
dynasty ; his grandson was Pepin le
C&os. Pepin le Bref was the father of
Charlemagne ; and Pepin, King of Italy,
was a son of Charlemagne, i

William Pepin.— ffa«rf. Rolls.

PEPPER ^.-Lat. etc.) melon, for Pepperer,
i.e. 3 Dealer in Pepper [O.E. pipor, Lat.
piper, pepper]
(Eng.) English placfe-names like Pepper-
thorpe, Pepper-Hall, etc., show that this
surname must have another origin-;— prob.
(notwithstanding the long t) the O.E.
pipere, a piper: we find the A.-Sax.
family-name Piperinges in an 8th-cent.
charter. ('Cart. Sax.' No. 145).

PEPPERALLl (Eng.) Bel. to Pepper-Hall

PEPPERELU /jYorks) [v. under Pepper-

(Eng.), and + O.E. heall, a hall]

(Fr.) the O.Fr. Piperel (mod. Pipereau)

(i) f. (with the double dim. suff. -er-et)

the stem seen in Pepin ; (2) f. (with the

dim. suff. -el) O.Fr. piper (or the corresp.

Teut. word), piper.

PEPPERCORN (Eng.) melon. for Pepperer:
V. Pepper (A.-Lat.) [O.E. piporconi]

PEPPET(T \

PEPPIAT(T

PEPPIET(T

PEPPIETTE

PEPP1T(T

the French Pepet, Pepat [f. the
•stem seen in Pepin ; with the
Fr. dim. sufi. -ef, -ai]

PEPPIN, V. Pepin.

PEPRALL, V. Pepperall.

PEPYS, Pep's or Pepp's (Son): Pep(p is
doubtless a shortening of one of the
above Pep(p- names.

In the Hundred Rolls we find the

forms Pepis and Pepes, the latter form also

, occurring in the lylh cent. PepPes,

Peppis, and Pepys are found in the i6th

cAit. [-w;(-;'5) for -es, the M.E. genit. suff.]

Perceval

71

Perke

PERCEVAL ] (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the Frejich Perce-
PERCIVAL \va.l = lit. ValUey-Piercer,
PERCIVALLJ evid. a nickname for a stal-
wart X^x.perce, 3rd pers. pres. sing, indie.
oipercer, O.Tr. percier, to pierce, penetrate ;
prob. f. Lat. pertusus, pp. iof pertundere,
to pierce + Fr. vol, Lat. vall-is, a valley]

This name is one of a series of similar
ones : thus we find in French perce-bois,
' wood-borer ' ; perce-roche, ' rock-piercer ' ;
percc-foret, ' forest-piercer," a nickname for
a keen hunter. But the inatter is com-
plicated by the existence of Perceval or
Perseval as a place-name : two hamlets
called Perceval are given in the Calvados
section of the 'Diet. Topog, de la
France.' If the name were really local
(although, of course, a duplicate origin iis
quite feasible) then we might consider
the O.Vx. pers{e, 'blue,' 'bluish,' as the
etymon of .the first element rather than
the Norm. Yi.perce, ' a holej' 'opening.'

In the prose version of 'Perceval le
Gallois,' (ed. Potvin, 1865 etc.), the
hero's name is variously (sometimes
strangely) written. Thus we find the
forms Pellesvaux, Perlevax, Peslevaux
(perhaps an error), Percevaux, Per-
cevaX, as well as the most frequent
Percevalin the nominative. In Chrestien
deTroyes' lengthy poem, Percevaus seems
to be the commonest form, with variations
like Perchevaus, Percheval, Pierceval, in
addition to Perceval ; e.g.—

' J'ai nom Percevaus li Galois.'

'Ha, Pierceval, hiaxxs dos amis' [beau
doux ami] — Perceval le Gallois, ^940-1.

In line 30935 we have 'Percheval li
Galois.'

Potvin took it for granted that the
French romance was based on the Welsh
' Peredur,' and remarks (1. 356) that it is
not known when or how the Welsh name
Peredur 01 the Breton Peronik 'was trans-
lated into Perceval ; whereas a later school
thinks that 'Peredur' and others of the
' Mabinogion ' were more likely adapta-
tions of Old French romances. The
Breton Peronik is evid. the Freiich PSron, •:
' Little Peter,' with the common Bret. dim.
suff. -ik ; and if Peredur is not Welsh (the
name is not convincingly explainable in
that langiiage) one might have concluded
that it, too, contained the French form of
Peter (O.Fr. Pere, mod. Pierre), Wiih a
Second element dur (Lat.,rfar-»5), ' hard,'
'stern,' but for the fact that the name
occurs in the'Annales Cambriae,' A.D.
580, not to mention Geoffrey of Mon-
mouth's 'Hist. Brit.''(iii. 18, 'Vigenius et
Pereduru's') ; and Peredur: not improbably
Represents a Latin Peredur-us [per-, intens.
prefix -|- edur-us, hard, jsevere] : cp. the
Roman name Per-tmax.

Wojfram von Eschenbach's ' Parzival '
(early r3th cent.) was based on the
' French romance. In this German version
we have a couple of lines referring to the
name showing that the French Perceval
was interpreted as we have given it
above—

' DeiswAr [truly] du heizest Parzivdl :

Der name ist rente enmittendurch.' (
Parzival, 140: 16-1^.

Malory (as usual with him) has much
diversity of form ; e.g. —

■ • • And her [their] names shal be

Persyval of walys and Lamerak of walls. —

Morte d Arthur, I. xxiv.

Snx Percyvale de gal'is.^io. do. VII. xiii.

PERCEY"! (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Percy (Norraan-
PERCY 1 dy), Percey (Yonne, Haute-Marne,
&c.) = Persius' Estate [Percy, Calvados,
was Perceium A.D. . 1 198 : -eium was fre-
quently used as an equiv. of the Lat.-Gaul.
possess, suff. -dc-um. Persius is prob.
borrowed from the Gr. Perseus (Uepa-eis),
app. a der. f. Gr. TipBa (aor. I. ivepag), to
destroy ; thus jrcpo-^-iroX« (persfr-polis) is
translated ' destroyer of cities '] '

A de Perci occurs in the mural list ol
' Compagnons de Guillaum^ la Conquete
de I'Angleterre en MLXVI ' in Dives
Church ; Percy is mentioned in conjunc-
tion with Pygot in Lelafld's supposed
copy of the Roll of Battle Abbey ; and
de Percy is given in the Abbe de la Rue's
supplementary list in his 'Recherches
sur la Tapisserie de Bayeux' (Caen, 1824)
— "Wace est loin d'avoir transcrit les
noms de tous les seigneurs qui aidSrent
le Due Guillaume dans son expedition."

Several de Percys occur in our i3th-cent.
Hundred -Rolls.

The Perse owt of Northombarlande,

And a vowe to God mayd he. —

Chevy Chase, I. 1-2.
PERCH (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) a nickname fronj the
Perch, so called from its dark spots [Fr.
perche, i,a.t.perca, Gx.iripKri,^^ipK(vyos,iiark]

PERDOE, V. Pardoe.
PERDUE, V. Pardew.
PEREGRINE (Fr.-Lat.) Pilgrim, Traveller ;

Foreigner, Stranger [Lat. j>eregrin-us ;
■ whence Span, peregrino and Fr. pdlerin

(Sanctus Pere^rinus, bishop of Auxerre, d.

A.JD. 304, became in French Saint Pileriti]

^l^pl^^jv. under Parfett ante,

PERHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Perham ; or Dweller
at the PEAR(-Tree)-ENCLOSURE lO.E. pere

+ ham(m]
See Parham.

pIrke} ^^°§-) ^^°^ °^ Park(e, q.v.

(A,-Fr.-Lat.) Saucy, Pert [f. M.E. pef-

Perkes

72

Perryn

ken (of birds), topreen, M.E. perke, a perch;
N.Fr. perque, Fr. perche, Lat.pertica, a rod]

Perke as a peacock. —
Spenser, Shepheards Calender: Feb. 1. 8.
(A.-Gr.) a shortening of Perkin, q.v.
PERKES, V. Per-ks.

PERKIN, a dim.otPere, Pier{s, etc., i.e. Peter",
q.v. [E. dim. suff.-fe« = Flem. -ken ;O.L. Ger.

-k-in'\
Piers the Plowman is called alternative-
ly Perkyn —
Quod Perkyn the Plowman,
'By seint Peter of Rome 1 '

Piers Plowman, 3798-9.
Dauncen he koude so wel and jolily,
That he was cleped Perkyn Revelour. —
Chaucer, Gant. Tales, A 4370-1.
Perkyn the potter into the press past,
And sayd, 'Randol the refe, a doghter

thou ;hast,
Tyb the dere.'—

' The Turnament of Tottenham,' 21-3:
Vercy'sReliques.

pIrk1sI}p^'^''''''^(s°°)-

PERKS I Perk's (Son) : v. Perk^ '

2 occ. a contr. ot Perkins, q.v.
PERMAIN, V. Pearmain.

PERNEL y p„„„-,|
PERNELLj • ^^'^"®"'

The mod. French peronnelle = hussy,
gossip, chatterer.

PEROT, V. Perrott, Parpott.

PEROWNE, an Anglicized form of i the

French Peron = Pire, i.e. Peter (q.v.) -|-

the Fr. dim. suff. -on [Lat. -o»-w]

William Peron. — Hund. Rolls.

2 the French Perron : v. Perron.

Bishop Perowne, who died in 1904, was
a descendant of one of the French
rfefugees who came over after the Relo-
cation of the Edict of Nantes.

PERRATT 1 the French Pdret, Perret, Perreite,
PERRET \ Pierrat, Pierret=Pire,Perre, Pierre,
PERRETTj i.e. Peter (q.v.) + the Fr. dim.
suff. -et, -at.

p|RmE^}'''«'"'y-

PERRIER, the French Pefrier= \ Stone-
cutter [Fr. pierre (O.Fr. perre. South. Fr.
peird), Lat. petra, a stone, rock -|- the Fr.
agent, suff. -ier, Lat. -ari-tis\
2 Dweller by a Pear-Tree [Fr. poirier
(ewcWer peirier) ; t. poire {peire, Span, and
Ital. pera), L^t. pii;um, a. pear {piriis, a
pear-tree), with the agent, suff. -ier, Lat.

-ari-us}

PERRIN "I the French Perin, Perrin = Pire,
PERREN J P^'re, Pierre, i.e. Peter (q.v.) -|-
the Ff. dim. suff. -in.

John Perin. — Hund. Rolls.
Perin de la Montaine.—

Morte d! Arthur, X. xxxix.

PERRING = Perrin (q.v.) with added -g.

PERRINGS for Perrins/.

PERRINS, Perrin's (Son): v. Perrin.

PERRIS, Perry's (Son) : v. Perry.

PERRON I the French Perron, Pierron= Perre,

Pierre, i.e. Peter (q.v.) -|- the dim. suff. -on

^ [Lat. -on-is']

Saint Pierre was sometimes familiarly
invoked as Perron.

2 for the French Du Perron = Of the
Perron, i.e. Stone Steps, Rock, etc.

tf. Fr. pierre (O.Fr. perre, South. Fr. peira),
M. petra, a stone, rock ; with the dim.

suff. -on]

PERROT "I the French ' Perrot, Perrotte,
PEHROTT i Pierrot, PMt=Pire, Perr^, Pierre,
i.e. Peter (q.v.) -|- the dim. suff. -ot.

Robert Perot. — Hund. Rolls.

PERRY (Eng.) Dweller by a Pear-Tree
\M.K. perye, pirie, pyrie, O.E. pirige]

Richard de la Pirie. —

Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.

William atte Perye. —

Close Rolls, A.D. 1352.

Pyries and plum trees
Were puffed to the erthe. —

Piers Plowman, 2503-4.

And thus I lete hym sitte upon t]xe pyrie.

And Januarie and May romynge myrie. —

Chaucer, Cant. Tales, E 2217-8.

(A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) i i. the French Perre,
Pierre, i.e. Peter (q.V.) -1- the E. dim.
suff. -y.

2 the French Perr^, Du Perri = Of the

Stony Place [Fr. perri, a der. of perre,

pierre, a stone, rock; Lat. petra]

PERRYER, V. Perrier.

PERRYMAN i Perry's Man (-Servant) : v.
Perry (A.-Fr.)

Robertus Perysnian. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, h.T>. 1379.
2 Pear-Tree Man (Dweller at the
Pear-Tree(s) : v. Perry (Eng.)

PERRYN = Perrin, q.v.

Pershore

73

Pettingle

PERSHORE (Eng.) Bel. to Pershore (Wore),
the A.-Sax. Perscora, Perscore (obi. Per-
, , . scoran) = (prob ) the Pear-Plot [O.E. pere,
a pear + scora, a division of land (cp. O.E.
land-scoru, a piece of land) : f. the p.p. of
O.E. sciemn, to cut ofl ; hence scierian, to

allot]
The ' Nat, Gaz.' alludes to the " numer-
ous pear-tree.s which grew in the vicinity."

PERSHOUSE, V. Purshouse.

PERSOLL, V. Pearsall.

PERT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Saucy; earlier, Ready,

Skilful [M.E. pert, apert, O.Fr. a{s)pert,

hat. expert-us]

PERTH (Celt.) Bel. to Perth, 12th cent. Pert,
Perth = (prob.) the Thorn-Brake;
Thicket [Pict. cognate of Wei. perth]

PESCOD 1

PESCOTT \ V. Peascod.

PESKETT J

PESSONER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Fishmonger [f.

O.Fr. (loth cent.) pescion (Ft. poisson), a

fish; 'Lat.piscio, ■onis—piscis, a fish; with

. the Fr. agent, guff, -er, Lat. -ar-is]

Wilham le Pessoner. — Hund. Rolls.

Poissormier is not an uncommon French
surname.

PESTER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Baker, Pastry-Cook
\O.Fr. pestre, Lat. pistor'\

Richard' le Pester. —

Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.

Geoffrey le Pestur. —

' Lane. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1284.

Pistor was a surname given to Jupiter
by the Romans from a well-known siege
incident.

PETCH, v. Peach.

PETER (A.-Lat.-Gr.) Stone, Rock [Lat.

Petrus, Gr. IlA-pos— tt^t/jos, a piece of rock,

a stone; Tr4tpa (whence 'LsA.petra, a stone),

a rock, crag]

And ic secge ^€, {>aet ffi eart Petrus, and
ofer fysne stan ic getimbrige mine
cyricean. —

5f. Ma«Aei«, xvi. 18 (A.-Sax. version).

And I seye to thee that thou art Petir,

andonthisston I schal bilde mychirche. —

do. do. (Wiclif, 1380).

And I saye also unto thee, that thou arte
Peter: and upon this rocke I wyll Bylde
my congregacion.—

do. do. (Tyndale, 1534).

And he nemde Simon Petrum. —

St. Mark, iii. 16 (A.-Sax. version).

And to Symount he putte name Petre.—r

do. do. (Wiclif).

' Qy la ? ' quod he. ' Peter ! it am I. '—

Chaucer, Cant. Tales, B 1404.

PETERKEN 1 = Peter (q.v.) -|- the E. dim.
PETERKIN fsuflf. -kin = DvLt.-kin = Flem.
-ken [O.L.Ger. -k-in]

PETERMAN = Peter's Man (-Servant) : v.
Peter.

PETERS, Peter's (Son) \
PETERSON, Peter's Son ( ^' *^^^^'^-

PETERSEN, the Scand. form of Peterson,
q.v.

PETHER, a West. Eng. and Corn, form of
Peter, q.v.

PETHERICK = Pether (Peter), q.v. + the
Corn. dini. sufi. -ik.

PETHERIDGE, a palatal form of Petherick,
q.v.

PETIFER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Iron-Foot (a nick-
name) [A.-Fr. pedefer, Fr. pied de fer —
Lat. pes, pedis, foot ; de, of; ferr-um, iron]
William Pedefer.^C&i« Rolls.

PETI
PETITT

T "1 (A.-Fr.) Little [M.E. petit (E. petty),
TT J Fr. petit ; perh. t. the Gaul, cognate
of Wei. pid, a point]

Hamo le Petit.'— .Hmk^. RoUs,K.V). 1274.

Robert Petit.— ia«c. Fines, A.D. 1332.

PETKEN \ double dims, of Peter, q.v. [E.
PETKIN / dim. suff. -kin = Dut. -kin = Flem.
ken : O.L.Ger. -k-in\
PETRE, a M.E. and Fr. form of Peter, q.v.

PETRIE I the French Pe>^ = {a) the genit.,
Petri, of Lat. Petrus : v. Peter.

(J) for the Breton Petrig, a dim. oi Petr:
v. Peter [Bret. dim. suff. -ig\

2 a Scot. dim. of Peter (q.v.) [N.E. and

Scot. dim. suff. -j>]

PETT (Eng.) Bel. to Pett (Sussex), a M.E.

, form of Pit [M.E. /ijY, O.E. />;//]

Carolus de Pette.— //i<»rf. .ffo/b.

Pett is situated on low, watery ground.

(A.-Fr.) Pet : v. Peat'.
PETTAFER1 . „ ...
PETTAFORJ^-P^t'^^^''-

"I American forms of Petty, Petit,

; qv.

PETTEE
PETTEY

PETTENGELL

PETTENGILL

PETTINGELL

PETTINGILL

PETTINGLE

corrupt forms of Portingale,
q.v.

Pettepher

74

Phelati

I V. Petit.

PETTEPHER, v. Petifer.

PETTER, a form of Peter, q.v.

PETTERS, Fetter's (Son) 1 v. Petten,
PETTERSON, Fetter's Son J Peter.

PETTET ,
PETTETT 1
PETTIT
PETTITT

2 the Fi;ench Petet {also Petot) = Soft,

Delicate, Small-footed [v. under Peat'

and + the Fr. dim. suff. -et (and -oi\

PETTIFER 1

PETTI FOR U. Petifer.

PETTIPHERJ

PETTIGREW (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Crane-Foot (a
nickname) [A.-Fr. pee de grue, foot of a
crane — Lat. pes, pedis, a foot ; de, of j grus
(abl. grue), a crane]
Pettigrew is therefore the same as the
word ' pedigree,', which occurs in the
i5th-ceint, 'Promptorium Parvulorum ' as
petygru, etc.

PET(T)INGER, a (North.) form of Pottinger,
q.v.

PETTIT
PETTITT

}"■

Petit.

PETTIVER, V. Petifer.

PET(T)iVIAN, a var. of Pitman, q.v. [M.E.

pette, a pit]

PETTRIDGE(Eng.)Bel.to Fettridge (Kent),

A.D. 747 Patlanhryge (JudX. charter), mid-

loth-cent. Pcetlan-hrycg = P.etla's Ridge

[A.-Sax. PcBtlan-, genit. of Pcetla + hrycg,

a ridge]
PETTY, a weak form of Petit, q.v.

PETTYFER, v. Petifer.

PETWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Fetworth (Sussex),
the Domesday Peteorde- If the Domes-
day-Book form had been the earliest •
found there would have been little
difficulty in concluding that Fetworth
was Pseta's orPeata's Estate ; but there
seems to be no doubt that the place is
that referred to in a late-8th-cent. Latin
charter of Aldwulf, Ealdorman of the
South Saxons ('dux Stl]>-Saxonum' ),
as Peartingawyrth = Vae Estate of the
Peart- Family [v. under Partington ;
and -f O.E. wur^, weor^, enclosure, farm,

estate]

PEVENSEY. Bel to Pevensey, nth cent.
Pefenisea, A.D. 960, 857, ai)d 790 Pevenisel,
A.D. '788 Pevenesel [The earliest forms dis-
pose of the river (O.E. ed) theory, and ip
all probability the second element is the

O.E. sele (= O.Sax. selij, a hall, house.
The pers. name, although doubtless
Teutonic, is not A.-Saxon : it app. repre-
sents a Cont. LowTGer. variant of the
A.-Sax.' Pippen (v. Pippin, Pepin), with
medial p labio-dentalized to / (and then
v): cp. O.N./»rf/ (I>ah.-Norw. /iflu^) and
O.L.Ger. pdvos (M.Dut. paeves), pope ;
while A.-Saxon pdpa (prob. ovving , to
earlier borrowing) has retained the p of
Lat. papa: cp. also Fr. pawure jp.^r.
povre) from Lat. pauper ; Ital. piva, a pipe,
from Lat. /ij^fl ; and Peverell]

PEVERALL \ the Norman Peverel (Latinized

PEVERELL] as Pz>««/ks), a form of the O.

Fr. Piperel (later Pipereau),v}\th medial p

labio-dentalized to/ = :; : v. Pepperell

(Fr.) ; and Peever.

WiUiam Peverel, to whom William L
entrusted the care of the castle which he
built at Nottingham, is said, on very
meagre ' authority, to have been an
illegitimate son of the Conqueror.

William Peverel. —

Gf. Inq. bfServ., A.D. 1213.
Sir Hugh le Peverel, A.D. 1344. —

Blomefield, Hist- Norf.

PEVERLEY (Eng.) Dweller at Fever's Lea
[v. under Peever ; ,and -|- M.E. ley, O.E.

ledh]

PEW, a contr. of the Wei. ap-Hew = Son of
Hew or Hugh : v. Hew', Hugh. [Wei. '

ap, ab, son]
Cp. Pugli.

PEWTER, metpn. for Pewtrer, q.v.

PEWTRER (A.-Fr.) Fewterer, i.e. Pewter-
Worker [M.E. pewtir, pewtyr, peutre ;
O.Fr. pe(a)utre, peltre, a kind of metal,
an alloy : app. conn, with E. spelter\

PEWTRESS, the fern, form of Pewtrer, q.v.

PEYTON (Eng:) Bel. to Peyton : v. Payton.

PHARAOH I normally an imit. form of Farrow

PHAROAH • (q.v.) ; rarely a borrovying of the

PHARO J Egyptian regal title i^araoft [cp.,

O.Egyptian Pr-o, 'great (or royal) house']

" In the New Kingdom it [Pr-'o\ became
at once personal, and was soon a common
term for the king .... documents exist
naming the Pr-'oNJiw, the exact equiva-
lent of ' Pharaoh-Nechp ' .... In Old
Coptic ( of the 2nd cent. A-D;) the
descendant of Pr-'o is simply Pero, ' the
king.' "—Bible Diet., ed. Hastings, iii. 819.

PHEASANT (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) a nickname and

sign-name from the bird so called [M.E. '

fesa(u)nt, Fr.faisan, Latphasiam]

PHELAN for O'Phelan, q.v.

Phelip

PHELIP \ forms (chiefly West. Eng.) of Philip,
PHELP J q.v.

king Phelip of France. — '
Roh. Glouc. Chron. : Wm. Conq., 493 (7786).

PHELIPS
PHELPS

75

|phel(i)p's (Son),

Picard

PHiLL6T(T, adim. of Plilllp (q.V:), + the Fr.

dim. suff. -ot. ' .
PHiLLOT(T)S, Phillot(t)'s (Son).

PHiLLP, like Phiip, for Philip, q.v.

PHETHIAN, V. Phythian.

PHEYSEY, usually for Faoey (q.v.); rarely for
Vasey (q.v.)

PHIBB, a dim. of Phil(e)bert, q.v.

PHiBBS I Phibb's (Son).
2 for Phipps, q.v.

PHILBERT I French forms of the O.Ger.

PHILEBERTiFi'W&^rt = Very or Greatly
Illustrious or Nobi,e [v. under Filmer,
and + O.Sax. herht, O.H.Ger. beraht =
O.E. be(o)rht = Goth, bairht-s = O.N.
biart-r,^it.) bright, glorious, illustrious,etc.]

The O.German name was Latinized
Philibertus.

PHILBIN for Philpin, q.v.

PHILBRiCK \ (East. Eng. or Scand.) Bel. to
PHILBRIGG iFelbrigg (Norf. : 13th cent. FeU
bregge', i^ih cexiX. Fellbrigg); or Dweller at
a Drawbridge, [O.E. feall^ (f. fealtati, to
fall) = O.N.felli- ((^ fella, to fell, let fall)
+ O.East.E. brycg = O.N. bryggia, a
bridge (cp. Swed. fdllbro, a drawbridge]

PHILBYfor.Filby, q.v.

PHILCOCK, a dim. of Philip (q.v.) + the pet
suff. -cask.

PHILCOX, Philcock's (Son) : v. Philcoclt.

PHILIBERT, V. Phiibert.

PHILIP \ (A,-Lat.-Gr.) Horse-Lover [Lat.
PH I LI PP I Philippus, Gr. *£X«r5ros— *a-os, Ipv-
PHILLIP I ing ; iiTTTos, a horse]

PHILLIPP^

}

Philip's (Son)

= Philip (q.v.) + the Fr. dim.
suff. -ot.

PHILIPPS

PHILIPS

PHILLIPPS

PHILLIPS ■> \ V. Philip.

PHILIPSON I Philip's Son

phillipson;*^"'"^^*™ j

PHILKIN, a dim. of Philip (q.v.) + the E. dim.
suff. -kin. ,

PHILLIMORE, V. Fillmore.

PHILLIS, for the French F4lice, Lat. Felicia
(M.Lat. iorm also Felisia), a fem. form of
Felix, q.V.

PHILLPOT
PHILLPOTT
PHILPOT
PHILPOTT

Philippot and Philippet are common
French surnames.

PHILLPOTTS, Phillpot(t)'s (Son): v.
Phillpot(t.

PHILP for Philip, q.v.

PHILPIN = Philip (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. suff.
-in. ' '

PHILPS, PiilLP's (Son): v. Phiip, Philip.

PH I LSON, Phil's Son : Phil, a diml of Philip,
q-v. . ,

PHINNJ'-'^'""-

PHINNEY, V. Finney.

PHIPP, a dim. (assim.) form of Philip, q.v.

PHIPPtN \ =, Phipp (q.v.) + the Fr. dim.
PHIPPIN J suff. -«■«.

PHIPPS, Phipp's (Son) \ ,, di,i«,, Ph!ii«
PHIP(P)SON,Phipp'sSon j^- ^'^'PP' ^'^'''P-

PHIZACKERLEY for Fa;5aokerley, q.v.

PHCENIX (Gr.) Dweller at the sign of the
Phoenix , \Lai. phmiix, Or. <j)dlri^

PHYSICK, a corrupt iorm of Fishwick (q.v.),
through the intermediate form Fishick
(found in a i7th-cent. London Register).

PHYTHIAN, app. for Vivian, q.v. i , ^ '.

PIATT, v. Pyett.

PICARD (Fr.) I Picardian i.e. one from
Picardy, Fr. Picardie, a province-name of
doubtful origin, but almost certainly f.
Fv. pique {pic), a pike (v. Pick'), with the
dim. suff. -ard.

The Soci6t6 des Antiquaires de Picardy,
it appears, considers that Pfcari denoted a
pike-man.; and it is surmised that PjcarffiV
was famous for this class of soldier.

2 = Pic{q (v. Pick) -|- the dim. suff.
-ar^ [Teut. hard, hard, brave]

Stephen Picard. —

Ifund. Rolls, A.p. 1274.
Rlcardus Picard. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.
Cp. Pichard.

Pichard

76

Pickup

PICHARD, a palatal form of Picard, q.v.
Roger Pichard. — Hund. Rolls.
See the note under Pitcher.

PICK (Fr.) the French Pic, Pkq, Picque ^
, I a nickname from the Pike (weapon) [Fr.
pique, a pike, spear ; the same word as
pic, a .pick, and Ital. piccd, a pike; also
O.E. pic, a pike : cp. Lat. pic-us a wood-
pecker]

2 a nickname from the Wooppecker

\¥x. pic, l^si. pic^us]

Picus (mod. Pico) was an old Italian
deity who, according to the legend, was
changed by Circe into a woodpecker.

3 Dweller at a Peak, Pointed Hill

[Fr. piciq}
Hugh Pick.— Hund. Rolls.

Walter Pik.— do.

(Eng.) I a weak form of Peak(e, q.v.
Ralph del Pikke. — Plac. de Quo Warr.
2 the A.-Sax. pers. name Pic, Pice
[hardly O.^. pic (n.), pitch (North. ^i(c)4:
it must therefore be a weak form of O.E.
pic (m.), a pike]
PICKANCE I for Pickens, q.v.

2 a contr. of Piokavance, q.v.

PICKARD, V. Picard.

PICKAVANCE \ (A.-Fr.) i Spur Forward! (a

PICKAVANT J nickname) [f. Fr. piquer, to

prick, spur ; avant, forward]

Cp. William Prikeavant. — Hund. Rolls.

(occ, later) 2 With a PeaIced Beard,
such as was fashionable in the Shake-
spearean period [LateA.-Fr. pickedeva{u)nt,
Fr. pique-devant, lit. ' peak in front ']

Pickavance is prob. really for the genit.
form (Pickavants) of Pickavant.

PICKBURN (Eng.) Dweller at the Pig-Brook
[v. under Pigg, and -f- M.E. ium{e. O.E.

burne]

PICKEN 1 for the French Pi(c)quin, Picon =
PICKI N ; Pic{q (v. Pick) -1- the dim. suff. -in,
-on.

PICKENS, PiCKEN's (Son) : v. Picken.

PICKER I = Pick (Eng.), Peak(e, q.v. -f the
agent. SufF. -er.

Cp. Pecker.

2 the Picker, Gatherer.

PICKERDITE, doubtless a corrupt form of

Bickerdike = Bi(c)ker's Dike [v. under

Biokersteth, and -)- O.N. diki, O.E. die]

PICKERELL ) I the French Piquerel, a double
PICKERILL i dim. f. Pic(q. v. Pick..

Sabina Pikefel.— /f««rf. Rolls.

2 for Peakrel, an old dim. name for a
native of the Peak District, the A.-Sax.
PSac-land.

PICKERING (North.) Bel. to Pickering (N.
Yorks), 13th cent. Pikering, app. = PiKER's
Meadow [O.N. eng (Anglicized ing), a
meadow] ; but Canon Taylor, who re-
sided in the vicinity, says ('Names and
their Hist./ p. 222), that Pickedng Lythe
was "the lythe or district of the Pikerings,
the 'men of the Pikes' or Peaks of the
Tfiobrs, at the foot of which lies the town
of Pickering."
WiUiam de Pikering (Yorks). —

Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.
Hugh de Pikeryng. —

Lane. Fines, A.D. i3io_

PICKERSGILL (Scand.) Bel. to Pickersgill =
Piker's Ravine [O.N. gil, a ravine]

PICKET \ the Frencli Pi(c)quet, Picot = Pic,
PICKETT/ P/cj (v. Pick) + the dim. Suff.
-et,.-ot.

Picot occurs in Domesday Book, and
Piket in the Hundred Rolls. .

PICKFORD (Eng.) Dweller at i the Ford by

the Pick or Peak [v. Pick (Eng.), Peak(e;

and + M.E. O.^.ford]

2 a Pig-Ford [v. under Pigg]

3 V. Pitchford : the Shropshire place
of this name was also called Pic{k)ford in
the 13th cent.

PICKIN, V. under Picken.

PICKLE (Eng.) Bel. to Pickhill (Yorks, etc.) =

I the Peak-Hill [v. Pick (Engr), Peak(e;

and -f- O.E. hylt\

2 the Pig-Hill [v. under Pigg]

PICKLES, genit., and pi, of Pickle, q.v. '

In Yorkshire, the surnames Pickles and
Pighills seem to have been interchange-
able.

PICKMAN, V. Pikeman.

In the Plac. de quo Warranto, A.D. 1292,
the same individual is referred to as Pikman
and Pikeman.

PICKMERE (Eng.) Dweller at i the Lake by
the Pick or I^eak [v. Pick (Eng.), Peak(e,
and -I- M.E. O.E. mere, a lake]

2 the Pig-Lake

[v. under Pigg]

PICKOP l (Eng.) Dweller at i the Pick or

PICKUP J Peak Hope or Hill-Recess [v.

Pick (Eng.), Peak(e, and Hope]

2 the Pig-Hope [v. under Pigg]

There is a Pickup near Whalley , Lanes.

Pickrell

77

plgg

PICKRELL for Piokerell, q.v.

PICKSUEY, V. Pixley.

PICKSTOCK (Eng.) Dweller at i the PiCK or

Peak Place [v. Pick (Eng.), Peak(e, and

+ M.E. stock, 0.^.'st6c\

2 the Pig-Place (Piggery) [v. under

Pigg]
PICKTHALL. Bel. to Pic(l£)thall (ace. to Bards-
ley, near Ulverston, Lanes) [the second
element is app, O.E. j^ell, a plank (-way) :
the first element may be for pig (v. under
Pigg ; hardly foTpick == peak}

PICKWELL (Eng.) Bel. to Piekwell ; or Dwel-
ler at I the Pig-Spring (spring frequented
by swine) [v. under Pigg, and -(- M.E.
welle, Q.E. iv{i)ella\
2 Pic(c)a's Spring.!

PICKWICK (Eng.) Dweller at i the Pick or

Peak Place [v. Pick (Eng.), Peak(e, and

+ M.E. wick, O.E. wlc]

2 the Pig-Place (Piggery, or Swine-
(market)place) [v. under Pigg]

fhe form Pikewike occurs in the Wilts
Hundred Rolls (there is a Pickwick near
Corsham, Wilts), Bykewyk in a Somerset
Subsidy-Roll A.D. 1327, and Pikwik in a
i7th-cent. Yorkshire Register.

PICKWORTH (Eng.) Bel to Pickworth (Lines,
Rutl., etc.) = I Pic(c)a's Estate or Farm

[O.E. worYl

2 the Estate of the ' Picc- Family
[A.-Sax. Piccinga-worlp — -inga-, genit. pi.

of the fil. guff. -!«^]

3 the Pick or PeakFarm [v. Pick (Eng.),

Peak(e, and + O.E. wotf]
Pickworth, Lines, was Pickewurth, Pyhe-
wurth, Pik{e)worth in the 13th cent.

PICTON (Eng.) Bel. to Pic(k)ton(Flint, Yorks,
Chesh., etc.) = i Pic(c)a's Estate [O.E.

tun\

2 the Pick or Peak Farm [v. Pick(Eng.),

Peak(e, and -|- O.E. tun\

Picton, Flintshire, was Picton, Pycton,
and Peketon in the 13th cent.

PIDCOCK, foundin the 13th cent, as Pittcok
is prob. f. a descendant of the fairly com-
mon A.-Sax. pers. name Piat, or Peot(t,
with the E. pet suff. -cock; but see also
under Piddingtpn.

PIDDINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Piddington=the

Estate of the Pida or Pvda Family

[A.-Sax. *Pid- or *Pydinga-tiin — -inia,

genit. pi. of thefil. suff. -ing'-\- tun, estate,

' , ' etcv]

The Oxfordshire Piddington was Piding-

I ton in the 13th cent,

PIDDUCK, app. f. the stem seen under Pidd-
ipgton; with the O.E. dim. suff. -«c.

PIDGEON \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname (and si^n-
Pl DG I N 1 name) from the Pigeon \tr. pigeon,
O.Fr. pipjon, Lat. pipio, -onis, a pigeon]
PIDGLEY for Pidsley, q.v.

PIDSLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Pidsley (Devon), A.D.
930 Pideres-ledh = Pid(h)ere's Lea.

PIEL, V. Peel.

PIER, the F^pnch Pierre, Lat. Petr-us: v. Peter.

PIERCE, V. Piers.

PIERCEYl I = Pierce, Piers (q.v.) -I- the E.
PIERCY /dim. suff. ->.

2 var. of Percy, q.v.
PIERMAN, V. Pearman.

PIERPOINT
PIERPONT
PIERREPONTJ

(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel.toPierrepont

(N. France) ; or Dweller at

the Stone Bridge [Fr./>i«r«,

Lat. petra (Gr. Ttirpa), stone -1- Fr. pont,

Lat. pons, pontis, a bridge]

This name was Latinized in our records

de Petra Ponte ; and in the 13th cent, is

usually Perpont, Perpunt.

There are villages called Pierrepont in
the Depts. Calvados and Somme.

PIERS, an A.-Fr. f6rm of Petrus : v. Peter.
Piers Emerik. — Pari. Rolls.

Piers Gaveston.the favourite of Edward
IL, came of a Guienne family.
At heigh prime Piers
Leet the plowgh stonde. —

Piers Plowman, 4020-1.
PIERSE, V. Piers.

PIERSON, Pier's, or Piers', Son : v. Pier,

Piers.
PIETT, V. Pyett.

PIGG (Scand.) a nickname and sign-name
from the Pig [M.E. pig(ge must represent
Dan.-Norw. pige-smn, s. youtig female
swrine (cp. Dan.-Norw. pigeVctrn, a female
child)— /'!^e= Swed./i!^a= O.N. ^zfta, agirl:
note the corresp. Low Ger. bigge, a pig, a
little child, and Out. big, bigge (f.), a young
female pig (we find the form with p- voiced
to b- in this country in the 17th cent.: "In
English we call a young Swine a bigg."—
R. Holme, 'Armoury'; N.E.D.) In common
usage -ii)!« (-swine) was dropped, as it was
in the'ease of /io^-: v.'Hogg. The first three
words of Dr. Johnson's definition of a pig
— 'a young sow or boar' — contain the
original meaning of thp word]

This surname is found in the Hundred
RoWs as Pig and Pigge.

Piggin

78

PiUsworth

PIGGIN is found in the 14th cent, as PickynK
V. Pickin, Pioken.

PIGGOT •! I tlje French Pigot, Pigat, Piguet,

PIGGOTT denoted individuals whose faces

PIGOT were spotted or pitted [f. O.Fr.

PIGOTT J pigue, pockmarked, freckled, etc.,

with dim. suif. -ot, -at, -ei]

2 for Picot : v. under Pieket(t.

I^got occurs ill Leland's supposed copy

of the Roll of Battle Abbey ; Pigot in

Hohnshed's copy ; and Pigot is the usual

form in the Hundred-Rolls.

A ii5th-cent. Thomas Pygot, of Norfolk,
was also known as Picot.

PIGHILLS, V. under Pickles.

PIKE (EngO I Dweller at a Pointed Hill ;

also a Pointed Piece of Land, a Gore

[M.E.pike; O.E. pic, a point, pike]

2 a nickname from the vyeapon, also the
fish, so called [same etymology]

, , 3 Dweller at a Turnpike [same etymo-
logy]
See Peak(e and Pick.

PIKEMAN (EngO I PIke-Soldier [M.E. pike,
a weapop ; O.E. pic, a point, pike + man]

2 Turnpike-Keeper.

The cheery toot of the guard's horn to,
warn some drowsy pikeman. —

Tom Brown's School-Days, I. iv.

3 = Pike' (q.v.) -|- man.

PIKESLEY, V. Pixley.

PIUCH, meton. for a pilch-maker : v Pilcher.

PILCHER (A.-Lat.) Pilch Maker or Dealer
\M.E.pilchei'e,pylchere;, f. M.E.pilche, pylche,
a fur garment ; O.E.pyl(e)ce, Lat. pellicea] ,

PILDITCH (Eng.) Dweller at a Pooi-DiTCH

[Dial. E. pill, a weak fotm of O.E. pul, a

pool ; O.E. die, a ditch, dike]

PILE (A.-Lat.) Dweller at a Small Tower
[M.E.j»j7e; O.E.pil, Lat. pila, a pillar]
Richard atte Pile. —

Subsidy-Roll (Soms.), A.D. 1327.

Swinburne, a little castle or pile. —
Holland, Camden; T.L.O. Davies, p. 493.
Cp. Peel(e.
PILGRAMl(A.-Fr.-Lat. ). Pilgrim [O.Fr.
PILGRIM i pelegrin; Lut. peregrin-us, a stran-
ger]
The modern French form, PUerin (also
meaning a hypocrite), is found in our
Huhdred-RoUs. '

PILKINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Pilkington ,
(L^ncs), A.H. 1212 PilMntoii, i2ifi Pilkiiig-
ton, 1319 Pylkyngton; A.-Sax. *Pilocinga-tun
= the EsTATfe of the Piloc Family [the
pers. name is prob. the O.E. pil (Lat. ptl-
um), a spike, dart, with the dim. suff. -oc
{-uc) + -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing
-1- <««, estate, manor, etc.]

Lieut.-Col. Pilkington, F.S.A., of Liver-
pool, has written much on his ancestry,
including a 'History of the Pilkington
Family audits Branches, 1066-1600' (1912).
He notes that "James Pilkington (who
became Bishop of Durham), in 1559 when
Master of St. John's College, Cambridge,
signed his name 'Ja: Pilkinton,' whilst in
his will of i 57 1 he wrote '/a: Pilkington ' r
the bishop's brother Leonard, who suc-
ceeded him as Master of the College,
sighed 'Leo. Pylkyngton,' and in his will of
1 598, ' Leonarde Pilkington." '

PILL I the Dial. E. pill, a form of 0,E. pul, a
pool: V. Pool (e [v. under Pilton"]

2 a weak form of Peel, q.v.

PILLEY (Eng.)Bel.toPiUey(Yorks: 14th cent.

Pillay ; Hants, etc.) {M.E. ley, lay, O.E.

,ledh, a meadow: the $rst element may be

the Dial. E.pill, a pool, or O.E. ^^/, astake,

or the A,-Sax. pers. name Pila]

PILLIN "1 (Eng.) Bel. to Pilling (Lanes), A.D.

PILLING J 1671 Pittin, i6th cent. Pylyn, Pilyn,
PilliMg, i2';oPylin [It isuncertain whether
the -g in PUling is original. If it is, the
name may represent an A.-Sax. *Pilingas
(dat. *Pilingum), '(the Estate of the) Pil-
' Family'; or the -ing may be the O.N.E.
-ing (O.N, eng), a meadow, the first ele- '
ment being Dial. E. pill a pool ; or the
second element may really be N.E. ling
(O.N. lyng), heath. But if — as seems
not unlikely — the -g here is excrescent,
-lyn or -lin may be the N.E. /(«, a pool, and
pilhs O.E. pil, a stake (there is, or was,
a large moss at Pilling ; also noted ' fence-
dikes ']

PILLINGTON (Eng.) i Bel. to Pillington, 14th
cent. (Yorks) Pyllyngton, A.-Sax. *Pilinga-
tiin = the Estate of tiIe Pii^ Family
[the pers. name is prob. f. O.E. pil, a dart
4- -inga,gemt.^\.oi the fil. snS.-ing +
tAn, estate, etc.]
2 There may have been some confusiod
with Billington, q.v.

PILLMAN = Pill (q.y.) -f- man.

PI LLSBU RY \ (Eng.) Bel. to Pil'sbUrV (Derby),

PILSBURY JA.-Sax. *Pilesburh =-PIl(e)'s

Stronghold [O.E. burh, a fortified place]

PILLSWORTH, V. Pilsworth.

Pilsdod

79

Pinke

PI LS DON (Eng.) Bel. to Pilsdon, form. Pillesdon

(Dorset) = P£l(e)'s Hill [O.E. din, a

' hill] ■

Near this village is Pilsdon Pen Hill

(930 ft.): if (as in all probability |s the case)

the Pen is the Wei, pen, a hill, we have in

this name three separate words denoting

, a height.

PILSON, prob. for Pilsdon, q.v.

PILSWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Pilsworth (Lanes)
= Pi'l(k)'s Farmstead [O.E. a)or}>, farm,

messuage]
The 'ancient hamlet' of Pilsworth
formed part of the fee held by Roger de
Midelton, A.D. 1212.

PILTER, a var. of Pelliter, q.v.

PILTON (Eng.) Bel. to Pilton (Soms. ; Devon ;
Northants ; Rutland, etc.) = i the Pool
Enclosure or Farm [a weak form of
p.E. piil, a pool + tiin : a variant render-
ing of the boundaries specified in a Somer-
setshire charter of Ini, king of Wessex
(' Cart. Sax.' No. 112), has pil where the
charter printed in full has put\

2 the StAKE-ENCLOsuRE [O.E. pil, a

stake, pile + t&n\

3 Pila's Farm or, Est ate.

, Pilton, Somerset, occurs in an eighth-
century Latin charter ('Cart. Sax.' No. 142)
as Piltun, and in another form of the same
charter as Hft«« and PoaftoM. The Devon-
shire Pilton was Pilton in Ijie 13th cent.

PI M \ (Teut.) f. the O.Teut. pers. name Pimo,
PIMM J Pymma, the latter being the name of

a loth-cent. abbot mentioned in the 'Lib.

Vit.lEccl. Dunelm.' [orig. uncertain, but

not improbably a dim. form of the O.Teut.

iif»6^A/(found in France to-day asHmJert),

Pinbald, etc.]

Pimme is a common form in the 13th-

cerit. Hundred-Rolls ; Pym, Pyme, and

Pymme occur in the 14th cent.

PIMBLETTx

PIMBLOTT = Pirn (q.v.) -f- the Fr. double
PI M LETT. ■ dim. suH. -el-et, -el-ot.
PIMLOTT .

Pimelet, Pimelot, are now rare in France;
but forms with a single dim- suff., e.g.
Pim{b)el, Pimet, are fairly common.

The medial b sometimes occurring in this
name is the common post-»i labial
intrusion.

PINCH prob. represents the Dan.-Norw. Pinse
= Pentecost, q.v.

PINCHARD = Pinch (q.v.) -h the Fr. dim.
snf{. -ard [O.Frank, hard, hard, brave]

PINCHBACKI ('Scand. ) Bel. to Pinchbeck

pinchbeck]; (Lines), 13th cent Pincebe{c)k,

A.D.,966 Pineebek, A.D. 810 Pmcebek =

PiNCE's or PiNSE's Beck [v. under

Pinch, and + O.N. bekk-r, a brpok]

Swedish borrowej^ E. (pinchbeck,' the

metal, in the form pinsback.

Note that 'pinchback' was formerly used

to denote a niiser ; more' specifically, one

who denied himself proper clothes [E.

pinch and back}

PINCHES, Pinch's (Son) : v. Pinch.

PINCH IN \ I = Pinch (q,v.) -f the Fr. dim.
PINCHING J suff- -'■«•

2 for Pinchon, q.v.

PINCHON, the North. Fr. form of Fi.pinson =
the Finch [like Ital. pincione, a chaffinch,
allied to O.H.Ger. fincho and O.E. fine,

finch]

Janet, Janotlmais quel oysel [oiseau]
es-tu?
^s-iVL pinchon, linot, merle, ou cahu?

Anc. Chans. Norm.; Moisy.

PINCKNEY, V, Pinkney.
p'i:S^^} = >°""''en,q.v.

Walter le Pinder. — Hund. Rolls.

' The Pindar (or Pinder) of Wakefield '
(Georg^ a Green) is the subject of one of
the Robin Hood ballads.

She doth not only think of lusty Robin

Hood,
But of his meriryman, the Pindar dl \.\is

Town
Of Wakefield, George a Greene.^

Drayton, Poly-Olbion, xxviii, 70-2.

PINE (A.-Lat.) Dweller at a PiNE(-Tree) [O.E.
pin(-treow), Lat. pin-usi

PINER = Pine (q.v.) + the agent, suff. -er.

PINERO, an altered form of the Portug. ,
Pinhdiro = a Pine-Tree [f. Lai. pin-us]

PINFOLD (Eng.) Dweller at a Cattle-Pound
[f. M.E. pinnen, pennen, O.E. pennian, to
' pen + M.E. fold, O.E. fald, a. fold]
PINGEON I for Pinchon, q.v.
2 for Pidgeon, q.v.

PINGSTON, V. PInxton.

PINK ]. I a nickname from the Chaffinch
PINKEJ [Dial E./»««fe: cp.V^eX. pine, a finqh;

gay, fine]

' Pink : chaffinch ; pinkfodted goose.' —
S. Willcox, Local Names of Brit. Birds,

p. 31-

Pinkerton

8d

Pinyotl

2 the A.-Sax. pers. name Pinca, Pincik

(we find the latter form in Pinckesbrugg,

occurring in a Somersetshire charter A.D,

936) [O.E. pinca, pynca, m., a point]

PINKERTON. A doubtful name. Lower('Pa-
tronymica Brit.') says HiiAPynkertonoccwrs
in the Ragman Roll, A.D. 1296, and that it
is a corrupt form of Punchardon, which is
found, by the way, in the Yorkshire and
Devonshire Hundred-Rolls. This is not
very likely. Punchardon evid. represents the
Orne place-name Pontchardon [Fr. pont,
bridge; chardon, thistle, spike]. In my
opinion, Pinkerton is an obscure Or lost
' Scottish enclosure-name, the pers. name
perhaps being the French Pingdrd, if not
the A.-Sax. Pinca. If, however, the -ton is
not the M.E. -ton, tun, 'an enclosure, the
name may represent — with intruded -r-
— the French Pingueton, a double dim.
pers. name f. Lat. pingu-is, tat.

PINKNEY (Eng.) Bel. to Pinkney (Norfolk:
13th cent. Pinkeney ; Wilts, etc.) = (prob.)
Pinca's Island or Riparian Land
[A.-Sax. *Pincan-ig — Pincan-, genit. of
Pinca. (Q.'E. pinca, ra., a point), -|-(g-, island,

waterside]

PINKS, Pink's (Son) : v. Pink.

PlNKSTON(E, v. Pinxton.

PINN (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to (Le) Pin (Normandy,
etc.) = the Pine (-Tree) [Fr. pin, Lat.
pin-US, pine-tree]
(Le) Pin is a common French place-
name.

(Eng.) the somewhat rare A.-Sax. pers.
name Pinn(a [O.E. pinn, pin, peg, pen
(Lat. penna]: cp. Pinnell (Eng.)

Pinn is occ. a var. of Penn, q.y. In an
8th-cent. Wiltshire charter (' Cart. Sax.!
279a) we find, in the boundary portion, the
phrase ' usque la [sic] pinne vel penne.'

PINNELL (A.-Fr.-Lat.) The common French
Pinel (later, Pineau) is a dim. i. Fr. Pin (v.
under Pinn')- It seems to have been
used as a purely pers. name : it formerly
also meant 'bouquet,' just as the Lat.
pin-US also denoted ' a garland (of pine-
leaves)'.

The O.Fr. pinel, in addition to its prim-
ary signification, denoted a pine-wood
('bois de pins').

Roger Pinel. — Hund. Rolls.

John Pinel.-^ do.

(Eng.) (rarely) the A.-Sax. Pinnel, found
in a charter A.D. 796 relating to land at
Pinnelesfeld (supp. Pinchfield, Rickmans-
worth). As this charter is headed Pynnes-
feld, Pinnel is evid. merely a dim. of Pinn :
V. Pinn (Eng.)

Pinnell is occ. for Pennell, q.v.

PINNER (Eng.) I for Plnder = Poundep.q.v.

O yonder stands my steed so free
Among the cocks of hay, Sir ;
And if the pinner chance to see.
He'll take my steed away, Sir. —
'The Baffled Knight,' 17-20: Percy's Reliques.

2 Pin Maker or Dealer [M.E. pynner,
pinner; f. M.E. pinne, O.E. pinn, a pin, peg]

JPywK^-j, nedelers, and glasyers. —
Cocke Lorelles Bote, Percy Soc, vol. vi.

3 Bel. to Pinner (M'sex).

Pinner is supposed to derive its name
from the little river Pin, in which case
-er would represent O.E. ora, a bank,
shore; but more likely the stream-name
has been 'invented' from the village-
name.

PIN NICK I Dweller at a Pine-Grove [Bret,

pineg eg (= Corn, -ek), plen. suff.]

2 for Pinnock, q.v.

PINNIGER 1
PINNEGAR
PINNIGAR J

■ forms of Pennager, q.v.

PINNINGTON, V. Pennington.

PINNION (Celt.) for the Wei. Ap-Einion =
SonofEinion:v. En(n)ion [Wei. a/'jSon],

PIN NOCK (EngAi a nickname from theHEDGE-

Sparrow [M.E. and Dial. E. pinnoc{k;

pin(n for pen, a feather, wing (Lat. penna)

+ the dim. suff. -ocfk]

Richard Pinnoc.^-/fMK</. Rolls.

Thus in the pinnock's nest the cuckoo
lays. —

Wolcot (' Peter Pindar '), Works i. 416.

2 Bel. to Pinnock (Glouc.) [Pinn- is prob.

foi" Penn- (see the note under Pinn) ; with

I the dim. suff. -ocQi]

(Celt.) the place-name St. Pinnock in
Cornwall shows that Pinnock was also a
Cornish pers. name.

Cp. PInniok.

PINSON, I the French H«50«, a nickname from
the Finch [Fr. pinson, L.Lat. pinsio : v.
under Pinohon]
2 (occ) Pin(n)'s Son : v. Pinn.

PINTO, v. the Appendix of Foreign Names.

PINXTON (Eng.) Bel. to Pinxton (Derby) =
PiNc's Estate [A.-Sax. Pincl,k)es-ttin : v.
under Pink(e',and-f-O.E. iii», estate, etc.]

PINYON, V, Pinnion.

Pipe

8i

Pittman

PIPE I a pers. name (found as a man's name
— Pipe — in Domesday Book) f. the stem
seen under Pepin (the A.-Sax. pipe, a
musical instrument (pipe), is a fem. noun).

John Pype. —

Subsidy-Roll (Soms.), A.D. 1327.

2 Bel. to Pipe (Hereford : Domesday

Pipe ; Staffs : 12th cent. Pipe, Pype) ; or

Dweller by a Pipe or Aqueduct [M.E.

pipe, pype, O.K.pipel

Lichfield has for centuries received its
water by piping from springs at Pipe
(Staffs).

PIPER (Eng. andSca.nd.) PiPER[M.E./i>r/ie/-(«,
piper{e, OS,, pipere = O.N. />!>««]
Richard le Pipere. — Pari. Writs.

Plpere was an A.-Sax. pers. name, as we.
see from a charter of Nunna, king of the
South Saxonsi granting land it PiperAnges.

PlPplTT}'P«PP«t(t-

Pipet is now a somewhat rare surname
in France.

PIPPIN, V. Peppin, Pepin.

William Pippin.— flawd. Rolls.

PIRIE TfEng.) Dweller by a Pear -Tree
PIRRIE J {M.E. pirie,pyrie, O.E. pirige, *purige'\

Piries [some MSS. pyries'\ andplUmtrees
Were puffed to the erthe. —

Piirs Plowman, 2503-4.

PIRT, V. Pert.

PITCAIRN (Celt.) Bel. toPitcairn (Perthshire),
13th cent. Peticarne 7= the Cairn-Croft
[Pict. pett, a croft, piece of land- = Wei.
and Corn, peth, a portion (several of the
East. Scot. Pit- place-names were anc.
Peth-) ; and Celt, cam, a cairn]

There are (or were) two cairns by
Pitcairn.

PITCHARD, V. Pichapd.

PITCHER (A.-Fr.) i the French Picher, Pichier,

palatal forms oi pigu(i)er = Pike-Man [f.

Fr. pique, a pike, the same word as pic, a

pick, and lta.\. picca, a pike; also O.E. pic,

fi pike : cp. Lat. pic-us, a woodpecker]

2 for the French Pichard: v. Pichard.

Colonel D. G. Pitcher, in his ' Notes on
the Surname Pitcher' (1912), mentions a
' will ot the year 1551 in which the testator,.
John PychardJ makes a bequest ,to his
uncle William Pyteher, also referred to as
Pilchard; while the testator's wife is Alice
Pyichard. In the Inq. P.M. held in the
same year the testator's name appears as

Pichard and also IHchar, and that of his
wife as Pycharde. The name of a Royalist
major who was shot in London in 1648 is
entered in the Parliamentary journals as
William Picard; in the proceedings of the
trial as William Pitcher.

PITCHFORD r (Eng.) Bel. to Pitchford (Sal-

PITCHFORTH J op), 13th cent. Picheford, also

Picford \the place is said to owe the first

element of its name to a pitchy oil-well

there — O.E. pic, pitch + ford\

Cp. PIckford.

PITHER, V. Pether.

PITHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at the Pit-House
(House by the Pit) LO.E. pyt{t + husi

There is a place called Pit Houses in
Northumberland; and a Pitthouse is men-
tioned in a lyth-cent. Dorsetshire Visita-
tion.

PITKE(A)THLY (Celt.) Bel. to Pitkeathly or
Pitcaithly (Perth) [the first element is the
Pict. pett, a croft, piece of land (v, under
Pitcairn) ; the second has been referred to
the Gael, caithleach, husks, chaff (doubt-
ful]

PITKIN, a dim. of Peter (q.v.), with the E.
dim. sufl. -kin [O.L.Ger. -k-iii]

Prob. in many cases for the Dutch
Pietlan.

PITMAN (Eng.) Dweller at a Pit [O.E.

pyt + man]

PITNEY (Eng.) Bel. to Pitney (Soms.) =

Pix(t)a's Waterside [ prob. A.-Sax.

■ Pit{t)anig — Pit{t)an-, genit. of Pit{t)a + ig,

island, waterside]

We find the form Pittanig in a charter
A.D. 963 (' Cart. Sax.,' 1118); but here it is
a variant of the forms Peattahig and Pea-
tanig which occur earlier in the same
charter and seem to relate to Patney, Wilts.

PITT (Eng.) I Dweller at a Pit [O.E. />;;<(< (Lat.

pute-us]

Robert in the Pyt.—

Pari. Writs, A.X>. 1300.

Simon atte Pitte. —

Close Rolls, A..^. iZC,2.
2 (rarely) the A.-Sax. pers. name Pita.

, PITTAWAY = Pittway (q.v.) with intrus.
medial -a-.

PITTET
PITTIT

Ivars. of Pettet, Pettit, q.v.
PITTMAN = Pitman, q.v.

Pitts

82

Piatt

PITTS, genit., and pi., of Pitt, q.v.

PITTWAY (Eng.) Dweller at the Pit-Way,
i.e. the way to or by the pit [O.E. pyt{t +

weg\
PIX, Pick's (Son) : v. Pick.

PIXLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Pixley (Heref.), 13th

cent. Pikesley = Pic's Lea [the pers. name

is f. O.E. pk, a pike + ledh a lea]

PIXTON (Eng.) I. Bel. to Pixton = Pic's
Estate [A.-Sax. *Pices-tiin\

There is a Pixton Park in Somersetshire.

2 for Pinxton, q.v.

PLACE (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) Dweller at a Place,
i.e. a Hall or Country Mansion [Fr.
place, a place, town, square ; Lat. platea,
Gr. TrXoTeid (iem. of irXaris, wide), a broad

street]
John atte Place. —

Subsidy Roll (Soms.); A.D. 1327.

In the 17th century the term 'place-
house' was used to denote a country-
seat —

' I hate London ; our place-house in the
country is worth a thousand of 't.' —

Wycherley, The Country Wife.

PLACKETT, a nickname, with dim. suff. -e)t,
f. the French plaque, a patch, badge, etc.

PLAICE, V. Place.

PLAIN (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Plain or

Level [Fr. plain{e, a plain, lea, heath;

Lat. plan-urn, a plain]

Confused with Plane, q.v.
PLAISTED, V. Playstead.

PLAISTER (A.-Lat.-GrO for Plasterer [f.
O.E. plaster = O.Fr. plaistre (Fr. pldtre),
a plaster; Lat. emplastr-um, Gr; ^fi,ir\aa-Tp-oi>,

a plaster]

PLAISTOW \ _ Di==+„,„ n „

plaistowe)='^'^^**'*''1'^-

PLANE (A.-Fr,-Lat.) Dwe,ller at a Plane-Tree
[M.E. plane, Fr. plane^ platane, Lat. platan-
us, Gr. ifK&Tav-oi, a plane-tree]
Confused with Plain, q.v.

PLANK (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Dweller at the Plank,

i.e. over a watercourse or bog [N.Fr.

planque (Fr. planche), Lat. planca']

Matilda de la Plank. — Cal. Geneal.

There is a place called Les Planques in

the Pas-de-Calais Dept.

2 the French pers. name Planque, Lat.

Planc-us [from a stem plac-, flat ; cp.

I Gr. trUi, ' anything flat and broad']

Plancus (app. orig, applied to a flatfooted

individual) was a nomen of the gens

Munatia.

PLANT "1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Planta-

PLANTEJtion or Grove [Fr. plant; Lat.

planta, a tviig, graft]

Du Plant (Duplant) is not an uncommon
French name.

PLANTEROSE (A..Fr.-Lat.) Rose-Grovter

[Fr. plante, he plants; f. Lat. planta, a

plant -j- Fr. rose, Lat. rosa, a rose]

John Plaunterose. — Hund. Rolls.

An analagous French name is Plantevig-
neS| for a vine-grower.

de Planterose occurs in the Paris
Directory, as if for an equiv. 'of the
Rosebush.'

PLASKET ] (N.Eng. orScand.) Dweller at a
PLASKETT \ SWAMEY Piece OF Land [N. and
PLASKITT J East. Dial. E. plask, a shallow

pool ; cp. O.E. plcesc = M.Dut. plasch

(pron. plask), a puddle, and Dan.-Norw.

plaske, to plash : -et(f app. represents O.E.

hde/S = O.N. hei^^, Dan.-Norw. hede, a

heath]

The palatal form is seen in the West.
Eng, ploshett, ' a swampy meadow.'

Pfaskets, Northumberland, situated on
the River North Tyne, is variantly Plaws-
ketts and Plashetts.

PLASTER, an etymologically more correct
form than Plaister, q.v.

PLASTO HEng.) Bel. to Plastow or Plai-

PLASTOW / stow ( Surrey, Sussex, E^sex,

Kent, etc) = the Playground, Athletic

Grounds, Amphitheatre [O.E.ptegstdiv]

Nicholas de la Pleystowe. — Hund. Rolls. /

PLATER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Plate-Maker [f. Fr.

plat, a dishi plate — plat, flat ; L.Lat.

platt-^s, flat ; cp. Gr. jrXaris, flat, wide]

2 P'laiter, Folder [f. M.E.playte, O.Fr.
pleit/ a fold ; Lat. plicat-us, folded]

Walter Playtur.— if««i. Rolls.

PLATT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller on a Flat [Fr.
i>/a<; V. under Plater]

Du Plat (Duplat) is now rather rare in
France.

(Eng.) Dweller at a Plot of ground

' [M.E. platft, app. f. O.E. plot, with the

M.E. spelling influenced by Fr. plat]

Now therefore take and cast him into
the plat of ground. — IL Kings, ix. 26.

I^oger del Plat.— Hac. Dom.Cap. Westm.
Geoffrey de Platte.—

Lane. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1285.

Plattan

83

Pluck

PLATTAN "I (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a, Plane-
PLATTEN J TREE [FT.platane: v. under Plane]
The fruitful! olive, and the platane
round. — The Faerie Queene, I. i. ix.

PLATTS, genit., and pi., of Piatt, q.v.
Johannes de Plattes. —

Yorks Potl-Tax, A.D. 1379.

PLAYER (Eng.) Actor; Athlete [O.'E.plegere]

PLAYFAIR (Eng.) Playmate [M.E. play/ere,
plaifere; O.E. plega, play + f£ra^ com-
panion]

Than out and cam the Jewis dochter,
Said, Will ye cum in and dine ?

1 winnae cum in, I cannae cum in ,
Without my playferes nine. —

'The Jewis Dochter," 5-8; Percy's Religms.

PLAYLE 1 (Eng.) app. for Playhale = the

PLAYLL J Sports-Corner (Field) \0S.. plega,

play, sport + heal{lit a corner]

PLAYNE, V. Plane.

PLAYSTEAD "I (Eng.) Dweller at i a Play or

PLAYSTED /Sports Place [O.E. plega,

: play, sport + stede, a place]

Philip atte Pleystede. —

Subsidy Roll (Soms.), A.D. 1327.

2 a Sports Post or Pillar [0,E. plega

+ siudu, pillar, etc.]
John atte Pleystude. —

Subsidy Roll (Soms.), A,D. 1327.

PLEASANCE |;A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Dweller at or by
a Country-Seat or Pleasant Retreat
[A.-Fr. plesa{,u)nce, plesence, Fr. plaisance,
lit. pleasure ; in French topography short
for 'raaison de plaisance,' country-seat,
villa, or ' lieu de plaisance,' pleasant re-
treat ; O.Fr. plaisant, pleasing : v. under

Pleasant]
Reginald de Plesence. — Hund. Rolls.

Plaisance is a fairly common French
place-name.

2 Pleasant's (Son) : v. Pleasant.

PLEASANT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the French Plaisant
•= Pleasant, Droll ; Jester, Humour-
ist [O.F. plaisant,-p\ei3.sm^,i. plaisirf'LaX.
placere, to please]

PLESTU for Plastow, q.v.

PLEVIN (Fr.) Pledge [O.Fi. plevine, a pledge;
f. O.Fr. plevir, to pledge]

PLEW, a North, fotia of Plow, q.v.

Of pales, of powndis, of parkis, oiplewes,
Of tounes, of towris, of tresoures un-
io\As,—Aiuntyrs of Arthure, 146-7.

PLEWS (Eng.) Plew's (Son) : v. Plew, Plow.
(Celt. + Taut.) perh. occ. for Wei. Ap-
Lewis = Son of Lewis, q.v.

PLIMLEY, V. Plum ley.

PLIMMAR, V. Plummep.

PLIMPTON, V. Plympton.

PLIMSAUL \(Eng. ) Bel. to Plemstall or

PLIMSOLL J Plemonstall (Chesh.) = Pleg-

MtJND's Place [O.E. st{e)all, a place : the

pers. name is a compound of O.E. plega,

play, sport, and »!««rf, protector]

A form of this name a.d. 1326-7 was
Pleymundestowe [O.E. stSw, a place) A
He^MMBrf was Archbishop of Canterbury
A.D. 890-914.

PLOMER, V. Plumer.

PLOW (Eng.) I a nickname and sign-name

from the Plough [M.E. plow, plouh, O.E.

pm = O.N.pldg-r\

The pris neet [prize cattle] of Piers

Plow.— Piers Plowman, 134S7.

And maister Nicke the silkman at the
Plow.—Vasqain, Night Cap (a.d. 1612) ;
Lower, i. 21,1..

2 Dweller at the Plough-Land.

See Plew.

PLOWDEN (Eng.) Bel. to Plowden (Salop),
13th centi Ploeden [th,e second element is,
M.E. den{e, O.E. denu, a valley : the first
is doubtful ; but note that the
celebrated Marian lawyer Plowden ('The
case is altered, quoth Plowden' : Proverb)
was called Ploy den by John Fletcher, and
that/>7cf)'(ewasa M.E. var. pf^/(ja)(e, plough
(it was, however, also a rare'var. of M.E.
pley{e, play]

PLOWMAN (Eng.) Ploughman [M.E. /ifoo;,
O.E. pldh (O.N. pUg-r), plough -f- man(n]

I may nat doon as evtery plowman may. —
Chaucer, Cant. Tales, E 799.

PLOWRIGHT (Eng.) Plough-Maker [M.E.
plowwrighte; O.E. pldh + pyrhta]

PLOWS, genit., and pi., of Plow, q.v.

PLOYD (Celt.) for the Welsh Ap-Uoyd, Ap-
Llwyd=SoN OF Llwyd: v. Lloyd [Wei. ap,

son]

PLUCK (A.-Fr.-Lat.) an Anglicized form of the
French Plugue, Plo{c)que,^ a nickname for
a Shaggy individual [like Fr. ^loc, cow-
hair (also Fr. /"s/mcAs, plush), from a
L.Lat. */>!7«c;(e)-«s (tp.Ital./'^/Mccrd),shaggy,
hairy; f. La.t. pil-us, hair]

Plucknett

84

Poe

PLUCKNETT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) an Anglicized form

(Hund. Rolls, Plukenet) of the French

Pluquinet : v. under Pluck, and + the Fr.

double dim. suff. -in-et.

PLUCKROSE (Eng.), 13th cent. Pluckerose, is
app. a nickname for an official who, under
an ancient tenurial condition, had periodi-
cally to pluck a rose [O.K. pluccian, to
pluck, gather + rose (Lat. rosa), a rose]

PLUES, V. Plews.

PLUM
PLUMB
PLUMBE
PLUME

/

(Eng.) Dweller by a Plum-Trke
[O.E. plume]

(Fr.-Lat.) a nickname, or trade-name,

from the French plume, a feather, plume

[Lat. pluma]

The b in forms of this name is the
common post-m labial intrusion.

In France, the surname is also found
with the dim. suff. -et (Plumet).

(Eng.) Dweller at the Plum-
Tree Lea [O.E. pltime + ledh]

PLUMBLEY

PLUMBLY

PLUMLEY

PLUMBRIDGE for Plumridge, q.v.

PLUMER 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Feather-Dress-

PLUMMER fER [Fr. plumier; if. plume, a

feather, plume, Lat. pluma]

2 Plumber [Fr. plomUer ; f. plonib, Lat.
p'lumb-um, leadj

(Eng.)--= Plum(m (Eng.), q.v. + the
agent, suff. -et:

John le piumer.— ijTaMrf. Rolls.

PLUMM, V. Plum.

PLUMPTON (Eng.) Bel. to Plumpton = the

Plum-Tree Orchard or Enclosure

[O.E. pliime + tiin]

Both the Northants and the Lane.

Plumpton were Plumton and Plumpton in

the 13th cent.

PLUMPTRE(Ej(Eng.) Dweller by a Plum-
PLUMTREE (Tree [O.E. plum-triow]

There are two villages called Plumtree
in Notts.

PLUM RIDGE (Eng.) Dweller at the Plum-
Tree RiDGt [O.E. pltime + hrycg]

PLUMSTEAD \ (Eng.) Bel. to Plumste(a)d =
PLUMSTED J the Plum-Tree Place [O.E.

plum-stede]
Plumstead, Kent, was Plumstede in the
loth cent.

PLUNKET 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) for the French {de
PLUNKETT Ur del) Plonquetife, (de or del)
PLUNKITT J Planquet{te = i (Of the) Plank-
Way, Plank-Bridge [Nor. Fr. planque
(Ft. planche), with dim. suff. -et(te; Lat.
planca, a board]
2 f.'the Lat. Planers = Flatfooted
[with Fr. dim. suff. -et(te]

There is a ia Planquette in the Eure
Dept., Normandy.

(A.-Fr.-Teut.) a nickname or trade-
name from the cloth so called [M.E.
plunket, plonket(te, a coarse white wooUefl
cloth ; a form of A.-Fr. blanket, O.Fr.
blanchef, a dim. f. O.H.Cier. blanch, white]

Hir belte was oi plonkette [one MS.
blunket], vrith birdis full baulde,

Botonede with besantes, and bokellede
full bene. —Awntyrs of Arthure, 364-5.

There may have been sporadic confu-
sion with Plucknett, q.v.

PLYMPTON (Celt. + Teut.) Bel. to Plympton

(Devon) = the Town on the R. Plym

[O.E. tiin, enclosure, dwelling(s, town:

the river-name is doubtless Celtic; cp.

Wei. plym-ol, writhing, twisting]

(Eng.) a form of Plumpton, q.v.

POCHIN, the French Pochin, a dim. nicknaine

f. Fr. poche, a pouch, bag, sack, , (also)

pock, pustule I app. O.N. poki, a poke, bag;

and cp. O.K. poc(c — Dut. pdk, a pock]

POCKETT, the French Po(c)quet, a dim. nick-
name from North. Fr. poque = Fr. poche :
V. under Pochin.

POGKLINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Pocklington
(E.Yorks), 14th cent. Pokelyngton; 13th
cent. Poelinton, Poklyngton, A.-Sax. *Poc-
celinga-tun = the Estate of the Poccel
Family [-inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff.
-ing ; tUn, estate, etc.]

POCOCK, a form of Peacock, q.v. fcp. O.E.
pdwa (Lat. pauo), a peacock]

A sheef o£ pocok arwes [arrows], bright
and kene,
Under his belt he bar ful thriftily.—

Chaucer, Cant. Tales, Prol. 104-5.

PODGER, app. a by-form of Roger, q.v.

PODMORE (Eng.) Bel. to Podmore (Staffs),

14th cent. Podmore, Podemor, Domesday

Podemore - the Tadpole-Moor [M.E.

pode, a tadpole (prob. aUied to O.N.padda,

a toad) + ?nor(e, O.E. mdr]

POE (A.-Lat.) a nickname and siga-name from
the Peacock [M.E. po(e, O.E. pdwa, Lat.

pauo]
Cp. Pocock.

Pogg

85

Pomroy

In the North of England the name poe
seems to have been transferred at some
late period to the turkey.

POGG
POGGE

UEng.) the M.E. Pogge (Yorks),
J A.-Sa.x. *Ppcga [a var. of O.E. pohha,

POGGSON
POGSON

allied to O.N. poki, a pouch, bag]

I Pog(g)'

's Son : v. Pogg.

POILE, a dial. var. of Pole, Pool(e, q.v.

POIN DEXTER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the French Poing-

dextre (also Poiugdestre) = Right Fist (a

sign-name) [Fr. poing, Lat. pugn-us, a fist

+ Fr. dextre, Lat. dexter, right]

POINTER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Point or Lace Maker

[M.E. poynter,poyntour, f. M.E. poynt, ^oint,

Fr. point — Lat. punct-um, a point]

'Point : A tagged lace, used in ancient

dsess.'—HalHwell.

Vasse le VoyTa.tex.—Hun£ Rolls.

POINTING I for Ponting, q.v.

2 (occ.) conf. with Pointon, Poynton,
q.v.

POINTON (Eng.) Bel. to Pointon or Poynton:
V. Poynton.

POLACK \ ( Teut.-Slav. ) Pole, Polander

POLAK J [Dan.-Norw. PoM, Swed. PolUck ;

of Slavonic origin, as Russ. Polydk(e,

Polander]

To be a preparation 'gainst the Polack.

— Hamlet, IL ii. 63.

POLAND (A.-SIav.) Bel. to Poland, the Fr.

Pologne, Ger. Polen, Pol. Polska [f. Slav.

pole, a plain]

(Eng.) Dweller at the Pool-Land [O.E.

pol + land]

POLDEN (Eng.) Dweller at the Pool-Hollow
[O.E. pol + denu]

POLE (Eng.) Dweller at a Pool [O.E. pol]
Peter de la Pole. —

Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.
John atte Pole.^ —

Chesh. Chmbrlns.' Accts., A.V. 1347-8.
The pole of helle to my witnesse. —

Chaucer, Rom. of the Rose, 5966.

POLKING HORN ) (Celt.) Bel. to Polkinhorne
POLKINGHORNE ;( Cornwall) [pot is the
POLKINHORN 'common Corn, word for a
POLKINHORNE ) a pit or pool : the second y
element is app. a pers. name]

POLLACK 1 I Bel. to Pollack (Hants) [doubt*

POLLAK J ful : perh. O.E. ^rf/, pool + dc, oak

(tree : ' cp. the Kentish place - name

'Poleash']

2 for Pollock, q.v.

3 for Pol a (c)k, q.v.

POLLARD (A.-Fr.-Lat. + Teut.) the French
Polard, Pollard; Po;(/)- for Paul (q.v:) +
the Fr. dim. -ard, TeUt. hard, hard, brave]

(Teut.) One with a Close-Chopped
Head \M..'e, pol{t)ard, I. pol{l),to clip the
hair ; pol, poll, the head : cp. L.Ger. /"d/te]

William VoXaxA.— Hund. Rolls.
Henry Pollard. — Pari. Writs.

POLLEN, prob. for Paulln, q.v.

POLLETT

POLLIT

POLLITT

pollottJ

. I dims, of Paul, q.v. [Fr. dim. sufl.
-et, -ot'}

2 (occ.) Bel, to Pawlett (Soms.) : v.
PaWlett.

The Registers of Oxford Univ. in the
1 6th century show more than one instance
of the same individual being referred to
as Paulet, or Poulet(t, and Pollett.

POLLEX, app., for Polla(c)k's (Son): v.
Polla(o)k.

POLLEXFEN. ? Dweller at Polla(c)k's Fen
(-land:v. Polla(cyk.

POLLEY I for Pawley, Pauley, q.v.
2 a weak form of Pooley, q.v.

POLLINGER, an unvoiced form of Bollinger
= Bullinger, q.v.

POLLMAN, a weak form of Poolman, q.v.

POLLOCK ) (A.-Lat.) = Paul . (q.v.) + the
POLLOK S E. dim. suff. -ock [O.E. -oc\

(Celt.) Dweller at i the Place of Holes

or Pits [Gael, (and Ir.) pollack — poll, a

hole, pit, pool + the plea. suff. -acK\

2 the Little Pit [Gael, pollag]

Pollo(c)kshaws, Glasgow, was Pollock

in the 12th cent.

POLLY, V. Polley.

POLSON (Lat. + E.) Paul's Son : v. Paul.

(rarely) (A.-Heb.) Poll's Son: Poll,

used as a pet fbrm of Mary = Bitterness

[Heb. mdrdh]

POMEROY ] (A.-Fr.-Lat. ) Dweller at an
POMMERY I Apple - Orchard [Fr. pom-
POMROY ymeraie, apple - orchard ; L.Lat.
pomeretum (re/«»«, plantation suff.), apple-
orchard, fruit-garden; Lat. pomarium,
orchard — pom-um, any kind of fruit]

Henry de la Pomeraye.— /?««(/. Rolls.

La Pommeray is a Calvados (Normandy)
village-name.

Berry Pomeroy, Devon, owes its second
name to a Norman grantee.

Pomfret

86

Poppinjer

POMFRET

pomfrett

pomfritt

pomphrett;

Robert Pumfret,

well-known corrupt forms of
Pontefraot, q.v.

-Hund. Rolls.
POMFREY for Pumfrey, q.v.
PON D (Eng.) Dweller at i a Pound [v. Pound]

2 a Pool [M.E. pottd(e, a var. o(pound(e:
V. Pound]
Roger atte Ponde. —

Close Rolls, A.D. 1343.

PONDER = Pond (q.v.) + the agent, suff. -«■:
more specifically, ' keeper of a po(u)nd.'
William le Pondere. — Hund. Rolls.

PONSABY for Ponsonby, q.v.

PONSONBY (Fr.-Lat. + Scand. ) Bel. to
Ponsonby (Cumb.) = Ponson's Settle-
ment or Estate {Poifson is tlie fairly
common French pers. name (Cumberland
historians mention a Norman Fitz-Pon-
son), a dim. f. Lat. Ponti-us: — I- O.N. Jji-r]

PONTEFRAOT (A.-Lat.) Bel. to Pontefract

(Yorks) = Broken Bridge [Lat. pons,

/>fl«<-w, a bridge +/rac<-iM J, broken]

" It was called by the Saxons \sic\
Kirkby, but after the Conquest obtamed
the name of ' Pontfract,' from the breaking
down of the bridge over the river Aire by
the Northumbrian insurgents in 1070
to arrest the progress of William the
Conqueror, who was in pursuit with a
formidable army." — Nat. Gaz.

But the foregoing statement is said to
be doubtful.

Pontefract was Latinized in our records
as Ponsfractus {de Pontefracto).

PONTIFEX (A.-Lat.) Pontiff (a nickname

and pageant-name) [Lat. pontifex, a high

priest ; in Late Lat., a bishop, the pope]

PONTING (A.-Fr.-Lat.) for (with common ex-
crescent -g) the French Pontin, Lat. Pon-
tin^^s [orig. uncertain, but prob. f. (with
suff. -in) either Lat. pons, pontis, a bridge,
or Lat. pontus (Gt. irdmos), the sea; or

both]

A PoBtinus was one of Csesar's
murderers.

POOK 1 (Eng. and Scand.) nicknames from

POOKE J the Elf or Sprite so called [M.E.

pouke, O.E. plica = O.N. pikQ

John Pouk. —

Subsidy-Roll (Soms.), A.D. 1327.

POOL \ (Eng.) Dweller by a Pool or Lake
POOLE J "'" " •' ^^ ■'"

Cp. Pole.

[M.E. pool{e,pol()i, O.E.piiq

POOLEY (Eng.) Dweller at i the Pool Island
or Waterside [O.E. pdl +' i(e)gi

2 the Pool-Lea [O.E. pdl + leak (M.E-

ley]

3 the Pool-Hey [O.E. pdl + Hag-, haga
(M.E. hey, hay), afield, meadow, endosure]

POOLMAN (Eng.) = F'ool (q:v.) -|- man.

POORE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Poor \}li..¥,. poure, povre,
etc., O.Fr. paure, povre (Fr. pauvre), Lat.

pauper]

William le Poure. —

Close Rolls, A-D. 1272-3.

POPE (A.-Lat.) a nickname and pageant-name
[O.E. pdpa, Lat. papa, pope, father]

Hugh le Pppe.— Zf«Krf. Rolls.

Lepape (sometimes Le Pape) is a fairly
common French surname.

POPHAWl (Eng.) Bel. to Popham = (prob.)

Poppa's Home [O.E. hdm, home, estate :

Poppe was an Old Frisian pers. name]

POPINJAYx (A.-Fr., etc.l a nickname from the
POPJAY I Parrot [M.E. popinjay, papejay,
POPJEE [etc., O.Fr. papegai. Span, papa-
POPJOY ; gayo, a parrot]

POPKIN (Celt, -f Teut.) for the Welsh Ap-

Hopkin = Son of Hopkin: v. Hopkin

[Wei. ap, son]

John ap Hopkin. —

Cal. to Pleadings (Eliz. Reg.)

(Teut.) = Popip (v. under Popham) -|-

the E. dim. suff. -kin [= Dut. and Flem.

-ken, O.L.Ger. -k-in]

POPKISS } POP'^'N'S (Son) : V. Popkin.

POPLE "I (Teut.-Lat.) Dweller by a Popple-

POPPLE J or Poplar-Tree [M.E. popyli-tre),

, O.E. popel-, pqpul- == Scand. poppel ; Lat.

popul-us, the poplar]

POPLETT (Eng.) Dweller at the Poplar -
- HEAD(land [v. under Pop(p)le, and -|- O.E.
hedfod, a head, high group.d]

POPPETT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) an old term of endear-
ment (normally applied to a girl) = Little
One ; Darling (the mod. puppet) . [A.-Fr. .
popet (M.Ft. poupette, a baby; and cp. Fr. ,
poupie, a doll), f. 'LsX. pup-us, a little boy,
pup-a, a little girl, doll ; with dim. suff. -ei\

In Frahce, Popet aud Popot are about
, equifrequent.

POPPINJER for Popinjay.

Poppleton

87

POPPLETON (Eng.jiBel.to Poppleton (Yorks),
14th cent. Popelton, 13th cent. Popilton,
loth cent. PopeMn = the Poplar En-
closure or Farm [v. under Pop(p)le, and

+ O.E. tiin\

POPPLEWELL (Eng.) Dweller at a Poplar-
Spring (spring by poplar(s) [v. under
Pop(p)le, and + O.E. w(i>Z/a, a spring]

PORCH (A..Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at the Porch or
Portico (ot some large house or public
building) ; and hence prob. a Doorkeeper
[Fr. porche, a porch, portal; Lat. portic-us, a

portico]
Stephen atte Porche.^

Close Rolls, A.D. 1369.

PORCH ER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i the common French

Porcher = Swineherd [Fr. porcher, L.Lat.

porcari-us ; f. Lat. porc-us, a swine]

focc.) 2 = Popch (q.v.) + the agent.

suff. -er.

Roger le Porcher.— Ca/. Inq. P.M.
PORCHESTER, v. Portohester.

PORRETT V'l the French Poret, Porret, app.

PORRITT / rather for Pfl!(re<, a dim. f. O.Fr.
paure (Fr. pauwe), Lat. pauper, 'poor,' than
a nickname from O.Fr. poret, f. Lat. porr-
us, ' a leek ' [Fr. dim. suff. -ei]

See Poo re.

2 for Parr^ett, Parritt, q.v.
PORSON I tor Parson, q.v.
(occ.) 2 for Pawson, q.v.

PORT (A.-Lat.) Dweller at i a Harbour
[O.E. port, Lat. port-us\

2 a (City-) Gate [O.E. port, also Fr.
porte ; Lat. porta]

Henricus del Port. — Hund. Rolls.

Walter de la Porte.— Hufid. Rolls.

PORTBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Portbury (Soms.),
14th cent. Portbury [O.E. burh, a strong-
hold : the first element is rather O.E. port
(Lat. port-us), a harbour, than O.E. port
(Lat. porta), a gate ; the place is near

Portishead]

PORTCH for Pofoh, q.v.

PORTCHESTER (A.-Lat.) Bel. to Por(t)chester

(Hants), the A.-Sax. Porfcearter, app. the

Roman Partus [O.E. port, Lat. port-us, a

harbour -f- 0,E. eeaster, Lat. castr-um, a

(Roman) stronghold]

' Previously to the destruction of the

' hai-bour, through the retiring of the sea,

this place was the principal station of the

British navy, now removed to Portsmouth.'

—Nat. Gas.

Portsmouth

PORTEOUSl (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname from

PORTEUS J the Breviary [M.E. f^ortous,

porthous, porthors, O.'Fr. portehors, i (port-..

able) breviary ;, f. Fr. porter, Lat. portare, to

carry, and Fr. hors, Lat. foras, outof doors,

abroad]
For on my porthors here I make an
00th,— Chaucer, Cant. Tales, B 1321.

We find the name in a famous old
Scottish, metrical romance —
Call your self Sir Porteous. — '

Roswall and Lillian, 371.

In Scotland the word came to denote a
roll of indictments.

PORTER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Porter, Carrier

[Fr. porteur ; f. porter, Lat. portare, to carry]

2 Doorkeeper, Gatekeeper, Janitor

[Fr. portier, Lat. portari-us ; f. Lat. porta, a

gate]
Robert le Porter. — Hund. Rolls.
Albin le Portour. — Mun. Gildh. Land.
Com forth, I wol unto the yate go ;
Thise porters [some MSS. portours'] ben
unconning [are stupid] evere mo. —

Chaucer, Trail. & Cris., V. 1138-39.

PORTINGALE
PORTINQALL
PORTI(N)GEULj

(A.-Lat. ) a Portuguese
[M.E. Portingale, Parlyngall,
etc., i.e. Portugal, anc. Porta-
caie ('Terra Portucalensis '), Lat. Partus
Cale, the Roman name of the mod. Portu-
guese O Porto, The Port]
The princes doughter of Portingale. —
William and the Werwolf (14th cent.), 1 14.
The mediaeval ballad ' Old Robin of
Portingale ' was printed by Percy.

PORTINGTON ( Eng. ) Bel. to Portlngton
(Yorks), i3tn cent. Partington, A.'-Sax.
*Partinga-tun = the Estate of the Port-
Family l-inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff.
-ing + tJin, estate, etc.]

PORTMAN (Eng.) i Gateman [O.E. />ort (Lat.

porta), a gate -f- man{n\

2 Townsman [O.E. partman(n —part, a

town, by extension from port (Lat. porta),

a (cityr) gate]

PORTSMOUTH (Eng.) Bel. to Portsmouth,
the A.-Sax. Portes-mttSa = Port's Mouth
[O.E. mlilSa, mouth of a harbour or river]

As Portsmouth Harbour was the Partus
Magnus, or Great Port, of the Romans, if
the Saxon Port who, according to the
Chronicle A.o. joi, landed at Partes-mU'Sa,
did not eventually elect to be known from
the place where he disembarked, the coin-
cidence of nomenclature is peculiar; but
as the name Port occurs elsewhere in
(certainly later) Anglo-Saxon times it is
not altogether unlikely that Port was the
invader's actual name and that he deliber-

Portugal

88

Potts

ately Chose, from sentimental reasons, to
land at a haven which was already known
as ■ (the) Port, from the Latin Port-us.
Nevertheless, the nominal association here,
and in the Chronicle A.D. 534 ("hie [Cerdic
and Cynric] sealdon heora tv/dtn netum
Stfife and Wihtgare call Wiht-edland"-^
i.e., "they gave to their two nephews,
Stuf and WUitgar, the vvhole of the Isle of
Wiht (Wight)," affords much justification
for Latham's remark (' Eng. Lang.', ed.
1855, p. 18): "The names of Port and
Wihtgar give us the strongest facts in
favour of the suggested hypothesis, viz.,
the expostfacto evolution of personal names
out of local ones."

Amediseval Latinization of 'Portsmouth'
was Porius Ostium [Lat. ostium, entrance,
mouth]

PORTUGAL, a more correct form than the
commoner Poptingale,'q.v. ante.

The Portugal found a road to the East
Indies by the Cape of Good Hope. —
Howell, Letters, 1. i. 35 ; T.L.O. Davies.

PORTWAY (Eng.) Dweller at a Port- Way, i.e.
a High Road or Main (Paved) Street
[O.E. port, a town, by extension from port
(Lat. porta), a (city-) gate + weg, a way,

road]
In Philemon Holland's contemporary
translation of Camden's 'Britannia' we
find such phrases as "The Port-way, or
high paved street" (p. 557); "The high
Port-way, or Roman street '' (p. 507).'

There is a Portway in Herefordshire
and one in Oxfordshire ; and the Roman
road between Salisbury and Silchester
used to be called Port Way.

PORTWINE, for Potvine, q.v.

POSLETT, a shortened form of Postle-
thwaite, q.v.

POSNETT, for Poslett, q.v.

POSSELWHITE, for Postleth waits, q.v.

POSTANCE 1 Dweller at (app.) the Posterns

POSTANS ; [O. Fr. posleme (Fr. pdterne) for

posterle, Lat. posterula, a secret or private

way, a back-door]

POSTEL \ (Teut.-Lat.-Gr.) Apostle, Preach-
POSTI LL ER [M.E. a)postel, O.E. a)pestol and
POSTLE O.N. postoli, Lat. apostol-us, Or.
POSTOL I dTrio-ToX-os]

William Postel.— r«te de N£vill.

This is apostels lyfe 1 —

Skelton, Why come ye natf 923.

POSTGATE \ (Eng.) Dweller at the Post or

POSG ATE J Stake Gate or Opening [O.E.

post (Lat. post-is) + geat]

POSTLETHWAITE ( Scand. ) Dweller at

POSTEL'S (POSTOL'S), Or the APOSTLE'S

Clearing [v.under Postle, Postel;and+
O.N. Yueit, a clearing]

This is a common North-Lancashire
surname ; but it prob. originated in Cum-
berland or Westmorland.

POTHECARY, an aphseresized form pf
Apothecary.

Cp. Pottioary.

POTKIN, a dim. of Philpot (q.v.) + the E.
dim. suff. -kin [O.L.Ger. -k-tri]

POTT I a dim. of Philpot, q.v.

2 the rare A.-Sax. pers. name Pott- [cp.
O.E. pott, m., a pot]

Reginald Pot.— Huttd. Rolls.

POTTAGE, meton. for Pottinger, q.v.

POTTEL, the French Potel, a dim. of Phil-
pot (q.v.) -H the dim. suff. -el [Lat. -ell-US']
Richard Potel— Hund. Rolls.

POTTER (Eng.) Pot-Maker; Pot-Seller
[M.E. poter(e, potter(e; O.E. pott, a pot -|-
the agent, suff. -ere]
The potter whoni Robin Hood failed to
despoil Said that the ' pottys ' which he
was carting to NottingTiam for sale there
were worth ' two nobellys' (Roben Hode
and the Potter).

' Potter, a hawker ot earthenware.'^

Dial, of Lonsdale, p. 64.

POTTERTON (Eng.) Bel. toPottertou (Yorks)

= the Potter's Place [v. under Potter,

and -I- O.E. tUn, dwelling(s]

POTTIOARY (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) Apothecary
[M.E. potecary, apotecarie, O.Fr. apotecaire,
L.Lat. apotecari-us ; f. Lat. apotheca, Gr.
AiroS'^Kri^ a storehouse]
POTTING ER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Pottage-Maker
[M.E. potenger (with common intruded »),
potager, etc. ; f., with agent, suff. -er, Fr.
potage — pot, a pot -|- the suff. -age, Lat.

-atic-us]
John Potengex.—ValorEccles. (Hen.viii).

POTTLE, V. Pottel.

POTTO N (Eng.) Bel. to Potton (Beds), 13th
caat. Pottone, \oth. cent. Pottun [prob. = Pot-
Yard (potter's yard) rather than Pott(a)'s
Dwelling— O.E. pott, a pot ; tun, enclosure,

etc.]
There is also Potton Island, Essex.

POTTS I Pott's (Son) : v. Pott.

2 a nickname for a maker or seller of

Potvine

89

Powter

Pots; also a kitchen-man or scuHion [O.E.

pott, a potj

A serving-man of low degree,

One Tommy Pots it is his name ....

For I had a lover of my own, she said ;

At Strawberry Castle there liv'd he :

rie change his name from Tommy o'
th' Potts,

And the Earl of Arundell now he shall
be.—

Fair Rosamond of Scotland, 22--^, 413-16.

POTVINE, for the French Poitetiiw, i.e. aNATiVE

OF THE Province of Poi(c)tou [Lat.

Pictavin-us, f. Pictavia, the Lat. name of

Poictou. The name of the tribe called the

Pictavi, earlier Pictones, is doubtless allied

to that of the Picts, Lat. Picti, prob.' trom

pict-us, painted]

POUL, a M.E. (and French) form of Paul, q.v.

As Poul the apostle

To the people taughte. — ,

Piers Plowman, 12,038-39.

POULETT = Poul, Paul (q.v.) + the Fr. dim.
suff. -e(.

POULSOM fbr Poulson, q.v.

POULSON, Foul's Son: v. Poul, Paul.

POULTER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Poulterer [M.E.
pol{e)ter, pul(e)ter; f. M.E. pul{e)te, Fr.
poulet, a chicken, dim. oipoule, a hen;
Lat. pulla, fern, otpullus, a young animal]

Adam le Poleter. — Pari., Writs.

Osbert le Puleter. — Hund. Rolls.

POULTON (Eng.) Bel. to Poulton = the Pool
Farmstead or Hamlet' [O.E. pul, p6l,
pool + tiin}
The Gloucestershire Poulton was
Pultiin, A.D. 855. The Lancashire Poulton
was Poltun in Domesday-Book ; Pulton
A.D. 1 196.

POU N D \ (EngJ Dweller at the Enclosure
PO U N D E j FOR Strayed Cattle [O.E. pund]

POU N DER (Eng.) Impounder (of Stray Cattle)
[M.E. pundere ; f. O.E. pyndan, to shut up]
Richard le Pundere. — Fine-Rolls.
See Pindep.

POVAH, V. Povey.

POVALL ] the French Povel, a form of the
POVELL I Flemish Pawaie/ = Paul, q.v.
POVILL J

POVER, V. Poope.

Acursed may wel be that day
That^owre man conceyved is. —

Chaucer, Rom. of. the Rose, 468-9.

POVEY, a nickname from the Owl [West. E.

povey\

POW IScot. and North. Eng. apocopated
POWE J forms of Pool(e, q.v.

POWDER (Celt.) Bel. to Powder (Cornwall) =

the Oaktree-Region [Corn, pow (Wel.

pan), region; dar (Wel.^iir), oaktree]

POWDRELL, the French Poudrel, app. for the
O.Teut. pers. name Poldheri [O.H.Ger.
pold, bald, bold -|- heri, army] -|- the Fr.
dim. suff. -el [Lat. -ell-US']

POWEL i (Celt.) I the Welsh Ap-HoweliJ, -
POWELL J Son of Howel(l : v. Howel.

John ap-Kowell.jr-Charter-Rolls.

Trahern ap-Howel (a Welsh hostage
in Chester Castle). —

' Chesh. Chmhrlns.' Accts., a.d. 1320.

2 for the old Welsh pers. name Pwyll = '
Forward ; Wary [Wel. pwylt]

'Pwyll, pendevig Dyved' {Pwyll, lord,
of Dyfed). — Mabirtogion.
(A.-Lat.) forms of Poul, Paul, q.v.
Seinte Powel vorbead wiimmen to
prechen. — Ancren Riwle (' Speche ').

POWER, a van of Poope, q.v.

Warih le Powre. — Hund. Rolls.

POWERS, Power's (Son).

POWIS (Celt.) Bel. to Powys-land (Wales)
[cp. Wel. powys, calm, peace]

. . . ymhob un o dri chwmwd Powys
(. . . in each of the three wapentakes of
Powys). —

'Breuddwyd Rhonabwy' (Rhonabwy's
Dream); Mdbinogion.
POWLE, V. Poul, Paul.

POWLES, PoWLE's (Son) \ .

POWLESON, PowLE's Son ]^- f^°*'®' f^^"'-

POWLESLAND. Dweller at Powle's Land :
V. Powie, Paul.

POWLETT, a var. of Pawlett, Paulett, q.v.

POWLEY, a var. of Pawley, Pauley, q.v.

POWLING, a var. of Pawling, for Paul in, q.v.

POWLSON, Powl's Son ; v. Poul, Paul.

POWNALL 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Pownall (Chesh.),

POWNELL fA.D. 1356-8 Pounal, ■ Pounale =

(app.) Puna's Hall [O.Merc, hall, .a hall]

The ' Hall ' in ' Pownall Hall ' is there^
fore prob, tautological.

POWNCEBY, a corrupt form of Ponsonby,
q.v.

POWTER, a var. of Pewter, q.v.

Poxon

90

Prentis(s

POXON, V. Pogson.
POYNpER for Pounder, q.v.
POYNDEXTER,v. Poindexter.

POYNINGS (Eng.) Bel. to Poynings (Suss,),
A.D. 960 Puningas = (the Estate of) the
Pun- Family [-ingas, pi. of the fil. suff.

-ing]

POYNTER, V. Pointer.

POYNTING.v. Pointing.

POYNTON (Eng.) i Bel. to Poynton (Chesh.),

form. Poynington; A.-Sax. *Puninga-tiin=

the Estate of the Pun-Family l-inga,

genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing ; tUn, estate,

' . etc.]

2 Bel. to Pointon (Lines), 13th cent.

Pointon, Poynton; A.-Sax. *Punantiln =

Puna's Estate \Punan-, geriit. of Puna ;

/rf«, estate, etc.]

Alan de Pointon. —

' Cal. Inq. P.M., A.D. 1283.
Cp. Poynings.

POYNTZ (A.-Fr.-Lat.). I Bel. to Ponts (Nor-
mandy) = the Bridges [Fr. pont, Lat.
pons, pontis, a bridge]
There is a Ponts in the Manche Dept.,
' and another in the Seine-Inf6rieure Dept.

2 for the French Pons (Norm. Fr. Pom),
Lat. Pontius\i. either Lat. pons, pontis, a
bridge, or Lat. pontus (Gr. irSmos), the sea ;

or both]
Walter fil. Ponz.—

Domesday Book, A.D. 1086.

Reginald de Ponz, otherwise de Pontibus.

Lane. Inq., A.D. 1216-22.

Nicholas Poynz. — Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.

POYSER \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Weigher [A.-Fr.

POYZER 1 poiser(e, peiser{e, weigher; I. O.Fr.

poiser, peiser, Lat. pensare, to weigh]

PRAED (Al-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Meadow
[O.Fr. prade, L.Lat. praJta ; Lat. prai-um, a

meadow]

PRANCE (Teut.) a nickname from E. prance,
'to make a phow' [M.E. ^ra(a)«cen, to
prance: cp. Dial. Dan. pranse, to Strut,
pfansk, proud ; Dan.-Norw. prarige, Swed.
prunka, to make a show; Dut. pronk, a
show, pronken, to strut]
Willelmus Prance.—

Yorks Poll-Tax, h.D. \n%

PRANKARD I from the stem seen under

PRANCARD \ Prance; with the Fr. dim. suff.

PRANKERDJ -ard, O.Frank, hard, hard [cp.

M.E. pranken, to adorn, decorate; and

Dial. E. prank, frolicsome]

PRATER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) for the French Pritre=
Priest [O.Ft. prestre, Lat. preshyter]

PRATT (Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Meadow
[O.Fr. prat (Fr. pr^, Lat. prat-um (a mea-
dow), whence also South. Fr. prat, Ital.
prato, Span, prado']

Prat and Duprat are common French
surnames.

Marquis de Prat.— Pam Directory.

Cp. Pray.

(Eng.) a nickname from the O.E. pratt,

'rraff * n trirlr '

'craft, 'a trick.'
Thomas Prat.-

-Hund. Rolls.

PRAY (Fr.-Lat. and Scot.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at
a Meadow [O.Fr. pray (Fr. pri), Lat.

prat-um] '
The pray bysprent wyth spryngand
sproutis. — Douglas, Virgil, 400, 40.

Pray, Pri, Dupray, Duprd, are common
French surnames.
Cp. Pratt.

PREATER, V. the commoner form Prater.

PRECIOUS (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Precious; Affected
[O.Fr. precieus (mod. pricieux) ; Lat.
: pretios-us, valuable]
There is an apparently well-authenti-
cated instance of this name being used
for an earlier ' Priesthouse.'

PREECE, V. Ppees(e.

PREEDY, the Welsh equiv. (Ap-Readie) of the
Gael. IVIac Creadie, q.v. [Wei. ap, son]

PREEN (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name iV(6»
[pern, a form of O.E- preon, m., a brooch,

preen]

(Celt.) Bel. to Preen ; or Dweller by a

(Prominent) Tree [Wei. pren}

PREES \ (Celt.) I the Welsh Ap-Rhys = Son
PREESEJ OF Rhys, i.e. Ardour [Wei. ap,
son ; rhSs, ardour]
Cp. Price.

2 Bel. to Prees ; or Dweller at the
Brake or Brushwood [Wei. presi

Note' ' Prees Heath,' Shropshire.
PREIST, v. Prest.

PRENDERGAST for Pend(e)ga3t, q.v.

Prendergast, a parish in Pembrokeshire,
owes its name to Prendergast Place,
formerly a seat of the Prendergast family.

PRENTICE 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) aphaeresized forms

PRENTIS(SJof Apprentice [M..K prentis,

prentys, prentyce, aprentis, .O.Fr. aprentis ;

ult. f. Lat. appre(he)ndere, to lay hold of,

learn]
A. prentys whilom dwelled in oure citee, '
And of a craft of vitaillers was hee. —
Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 4365'-6.

Prescot

91

Price

"I (Eng.) Bel. to Prescot, Pres-
j cott= the Priest's or Priests'

priost

PRESCOT
PRESCOTT

Dwelling [M.E. prestU, O.E.
(from Lat.-Gr.), priest ; O.E. coft cottage,

dwelling]
The Lancashire Prescot was Prestecote
in the 12th cent.

PRESLAND \ (Eng.) Dwellerat the Priest's
or Priests' La:
Ppescot(t ; and

William de Prestlond.' —
Chesh- Chmhrlns.' Accts., A.D. 1312-13.
PRESLEE

PRESSLAN

d}

or Priests' Land [v. under
Ppescot(t; and +'0.E. land]

(Eng.) forms of Priestley, q.v.

PRESLEY
PRESSLEE
PRESSLEY
PRESSLIE

PRESOW. Bel. to Preesall (N. Lanes), 13th
cent. Presho, Preshow, i4tn cent. Preshou,
Preeshow [The second element is evidently
O.N. haug-r, a mound : the first element is
obscur^ ; it does not seem to represent a
Scand. pers. name, and as thereis a hamlet
called Preese (Domesday Pres)in the same
Hundred of Amounderness the possibility
of Pres- being the Cymric pres, a brake,
brushwood, cannot definitely be
excluded]

PRESS (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname from the

instrument so called [Fr.presse ; f. presser,

Lat. pressure, to press]

(Celt.) Dweller at a Thicket [Gael.

preas]

1 do not think that there has been any
confusion with Prees.

PRESSON (Eng.) i Priest's Son [v. Prest ;
and + O.E. sunu]

William le Prestessone.^

Cal. Rot. Orig.

2 an assim. form of Preston, q.v.

] (Eng.) Priest [M.E, prest, O.E.
; ' /rr^(7rf.(f. Lat.-Gr.]

PREST
PREIST

Sir Parish Prest, quod he, for Goddes
bones . . . —Chaucer, Cant Tales, B n66.
Yong men to him thay warbaith Clark
and' Preist. —

The Thrie Priests of Peblis, mZ.

(A:^Fr.-Lat.) Ready, Quick [M.E. O.Fr.
prest (mod.Fr. prit), Lat. praest-us\

As prest as a sperhauk [sparrowhawk].
— Piers Plowman, ^igt.

The modern French preste,, agile, quick,
sharp, is from Ital. ^rMto.

PRilTrG°E^}^°'^''''^«**'°'''1-^-

PRESTER (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr,) Priest [A.-Fr.

O.Fr. prestre (Fr. pri^e); l.at. presbyter,

Gr. irpeffpiTep-os, an elder of the church]

Thomas le Prestre. — Hund. Rolls.
I will . . . bring you the length of Prester
John's foot.— MmcA Ado, &c., 11. i. 278.

PRESTON (Eng.) Bel. to Preston = , the
Priest's or Priests' Place ; Church-
Domain [O.E. prSost, priest; tAn, estate,

etc.]

We see the genit. pi. form, PriostatAn,
in a charter of the year 946 (' Cart. Sax.'
No. 811). Preston near Cirencester is
stated to have belonged to the Confessor's
priest - chancellor Regenbald. Preston
near Ledbury " anciently belonged to a
religious house." Preston, Lanes, is
Presume in Domesday Book. Preston,
Warwickshirie, is the Domesday lV«teto««.
The i3th-cent.form of this common place-
name is usually Preston, e.g. —

Adam de Preston. —

Scut, of Gascony, A.D. 1242-3.

PRESTWIOH (Eng.) Bel. to Prestwich = the

Priest's or Priests' Place [O.E. prSqst,

priest ; wlc, dwelling(s]

Adam de Prestwrych. —

Gt. Inq. ofServ., A.D. 1212.

PRETIOUS, V. Precious.

PRETT, a var. of Pratt, q.v.

PRETTIMAN, v. Prettyman.

PRETTY (Eng.) Crafty, Sly; Fine [M.E.
pretie, praty, fine, crafty; O.E. prtEttig,

cunning]
PRETTYMAN "
PRETYMAN

PREVOST (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Provost [O.Fr. pre-
vost (mod. priiidt); Lat. praeposit-us, a
prefect, commander]
Alan Prepositus. — Hund. Rolls.

PREW (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Gallant, Valiant [M.E.

preiv, prue, O. Fr. prou, preu (Fr. preux) , prod,

gallant; app. f. *prud-us, a syncopated form

of Lat. ^rouid-us, foreseeing]

William le Prue.— Co/. Inq. P.M.

PREWETTl = Prew (q.v.) + the Fr. dim.
PREWITT Jsuff. -rf.

The form in our i3th-cent. Hundred-
Rolls, Pruet, is the present French form.

PRICE, v.Preeoe, Prees(e>.

Madot [Madog] Ap-Ris, a.d. 1381. —
Thierry,Co»g. de I' Angleterre, App. IL 27.
Harry Ap-Rice, A.D. 1544.-^
PrivyPurseExp.^PrincessMaryiiBs.x6&\e;^y).

I = Pretty (q.v.) + man.

Prichard

92

Prink

PRICHARD (Celt. + Teut.) the Welsh ^/i-

Richard = Son of Richard: v. Richard

[Wei. ap, son]

John Ap-Richard.—

Valor EccleS; temp. Hen. viii.

PRICHETT I a palatal form of Priokett, q.v,
2 a weak form of Prichard, q.v.

PRICKARD (Celt. + Teut.) the Welsh Ap-

Rickard = Son of Rickard: v. Rickard

[Wei. ap, son]

PRICKETT (Eng.) a nickname (and sign-
name) from the second-year Buck so
called [M.E. pri{c)ket, pryket; f. MJE.prik-
ken, O.E. prician, to prick]

And joyed oft to chace the trembling
pricket. —

Spenser, Shepheards Calender (Dec.)

(Fr.) the French Priquet : (a) a dim. f.
the Teut. base *prii, to prick.

(6) a contr. of PerriqUet, f. the Bret.
Perric, a dim. of O.Fr. Perre (Peter) ; with
the Fr. dim. suff. -et.

(Celt. + Teut.) a weak form of Priok-
ard, q.v.

Richard Priket. — Hund. Rolls.

PRICKITT for Priokett, q.v.

PRIDAY \(? Celt.) Bel. to Priddy (Soms.)

PRIDDEY [Early forms lacking, nothing de-

PRIDDY finite can be said of the origin of

PRIDEE I the name : it may poss. be f. Wei.

pridd, clay, esp. as there seems to have

been a hamlet called Prid in Devonshire

in mediaeval times ; and Pridd- occurs in

Welsh place-names]

PRIDE (Eng.) a nickname and pageant-name

[O.E. pryd-, prSte, pride]

(Celt.) Precious, Dear [M.Wel. pric[\

PRIDEAUX. Bel. to Prideaux (Cornwall), 13th
cent. Prydeaus, Prudeaus, Prideas, Pridias
[If this is a native Cornish name we might
<vell consider the Corn. pri{d (Wei.
pridd), clay + Corn, aus, als (Wei. allt), a
cliff, if this suited topographically ; but
it is stated that 'Prideaux' was originally
the name of a castle belonging to a Nor-
man, in which case the name might be
French, poss. the French place-name (Les)
Pradeaux, a (pi.) dim. f. O.Fr. prade —
Lat. prat-um — a meadow ; but this is not
at all borne out by the I3th-cent. forms
quoted above]

Note.-^Colonel W. F. Prideaux tells me
that the earliest form of the name is Pridias,
Pridyas, Prydyas. In this case the second

element may be the Corn, cognate of Wei.
ias, 'what pervades,' 'nature'; and a French
origin must be definitely excluded.

PRIDGEON (Fr.) for the French Preuxjean =
Gallant John [v. under Prew and John]

PRIDHAM for Prudhomme, q.v.

PRIESTER, V. Prester.

PRIESTLEY 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Priestley or

PRIESTLAY \ Priestleigh; or Dweller at the

PRIESTLY J Priest's or Priests' Lea

\0.'E. prSost, priest; ledh, lea]

Priestleigh, Soms., was Prestlegh A.D.
1327-

PRIESTMAN (Eng.) an augmentative of
Priest : v. Prest, and -1- man.

(N.Eng. and Scand.) Priest's Man
(-Servant).

PRIESTNALL (Eng.) Bel. to Priestnall
(?Chesh.) [Earlier forms than the 1 6th-cent.
Prestenall lacking, it cannot definitely be
said whether -all represents O.Merc, hall,
a hall, O.E. h{e)al{h, a nook, corner, or
O.E. h{e)al{d, a slops: Presten- is a M.E.
adject, form oi prest, priest]

PRIME (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Thin, Slender, Small
[O.Fr. prim(e ; Lat. prim-us, first]

PRIMMER (A.-Fr.-Lat.). Premier, First,
Chief [O.Fr. primier (Fr. premier), Lat.

primari-us]

PRIMROSE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname from the
flower [A.-Fr. primerose, by false analogy
for primerole, f. L.Lat, primula, a primrose
(butO.Fr. primerose denoted the hollyhock]

Thomas Primerose. — 1

Close Rolls, A.D. 1424-5.
But the iRosebery family took their sur-
name from an estate at Primrose, co. Fife.

PRINCE (A.-Fi-.-Lat.) a nickname (applied e.g.
to a prince's servant) and pageant-name
[Fr. prince ; Lat. princeps, chief, leader]

PRING (Eng.) a voiced form of Prink, q.v.
(Fr.) = Ppin(n (q.v.) with added E. -^.

PRINGLE, a Scottish surname, was supposed
by MacBain to be a corrupt form of the
O.F. pelegrin, a pilgrim ; but this is ex-
tremely doubtful. The name rather =
Pring (q.v.) with the dim. suff. -el. A
pringle was formerly a small Scottish
silver coin worth about a penny.

PRINK (Eng.) Pert, Forward [Dial. E., f.

prink, to adorn, show off; app. a form of

E. prick, O.E. prician, to prick]

Pfin(n

93

Pfuce

PRIN(N (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Thin, Small, De-
licate [ O.Fr. prirti a reduction of
prm{e ; Lat. prim-us, first]
2 contr. of Perrin, q.v.

William Prin.— /f«»d. Rolls.

PRIOR (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Head of a Priory; also

a nickname (as for a prior's servant) and

pageant-name [M.E. O.Fr. pri{o)ur (Fr.

prieur) ; Lat. prior, first]

PRITCHARD (Celt, -f Teut.) for the Welsli

Ap-Richard= Son of Richard, q.v. [Wei.

ap, son]
See Prichard.

PRITGHETTI
PRITCHITT r-

Ppiohett.

PRITT for Prett (through dial, lengthening
of the e), a var. of Pratt, q.v.
William de Preet, alias Pret. —

Plac. de quo Warr.
PRITTY for Pretty, q.v.

PRIVETT (Eng.) Bel. to Privett (Hants), said

to be the Saxon Pruntesfldd = Prunt's

Stream ; but I have not elsewhere met

this pers. name [O.K. fldd, a stream, flood;

O.K. fldde, a channel]

PROBART \ (Celt. + Teut.) for the Welsh

PROBE-RT \ Ap^Rohert = Son of Robert,,

q.v. [Wei. ap, sonj

PROBIN 1 (Celt. -I- Fr.-Teut.) for the Welsh
PROB\ H } Ap-Roiin = Son of Robin, q.v.
Wilham ap-Robyn. — Pari. Rolls.

We find the form Probin in i6th-cent.
Cheshire deeds.

PROCKTER 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat^ Proctor, Pro-

PROCKTOR . curator [M.E. prok(e)tour, a

PROCTER ' contr. of procuratour; O.Fr.

PROCTOR J procurator, Lat. procurator,

manager, agent, administrator]

For I make Piers the Plowman

My procuratour and my reve.- —

Piers Plowman, 13471-2.
Willelmus Proktour. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

PRODGERl (Celt. -1- Teut.) for the Welsh

PROGER J Ap-Rodger or Ap-Roger= Hon OF

Ro(d)ger, q.v. [Wei. ap, son]

PROFFITT
PROFIT

"I (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) Prophet (a

J nickname) lO.Fv.'prophete, Lat.

propheta, Gr. irpo^^T/s]

PROPERT, ^ var. of Probert, q.v. '

PROSSER \ (Celt.) for the Welsh Ap-Rosser
PROSSOR J = Son of Rosser, q.v.
David ap-Rosser. —

Valor Eccles., temp. Hen. viii.

PROST (Eng.) Priest \}A.^.prost, O.E.preSst,

priest]

An prostes upe londe singeth. —
The Owl and the Nightingale (13th cent.),

733-

Pi^OTHERO \ (Celt.)for the Welsh ^^-iJAyii-
PROTHEROE ,erch = Son of Rhydderch or
PROTH RO E RHUDDERCH.i.e. the Reddish-
PROTHER > Brown [Wei. «>, son: the pers.
name is a compound of Wei; rhudd(dd as
th), red, and erch, dark brown]

PROUDFOOT 1 (Eng.) the M.E. Praudfot,

PROUDpUTE \Prud{e)fote, a nickname for

PROUDFIT J one with an arrogant gait

[M .E. pr(p)ud, pr(o)ut{e, etc., O.E. prAt,

proud (prob. of Fr. origin) -t- M.E./o<(e,

O.E. fot, a foot]

PROUDLOVE (Eng.) a nickname of the same

class as Sweetlove, Dearlove, etc. (poss.

bestowed on the successful suitor of a

village belle) [v. under Proudfoot, and -J-

M.E. love, O.E. lufu, love]

PROUT (Eng.) Proud [M.E. pr(p)ui(e, O.E.

prat (prob. of Fr. origin]

Thomas le Piute.— Hund. Rolls.

Sturne he was thoru out al, and heivol

[haughty] and />««<.—

Rob. Glouc. Chron. : ' Wm. Conq.' 406 (7729).

PROVAN

PROVEN . _

[Dial. E. provan, proven (Scot, prowan), for

provand, Fr.provende,provision, provender ;

L.Lat. prcebenda, a payment, etc.]

We find the Early Mod. E. provant-
master, one who provided for soldiers.

Theaw may sleep if t'l lay th' proven
ready.— Collier (Lanes), Tim Bobbin, p. 67.

PRO VAST ] (A.-Lat.) Provost [O.E. prdfost;
PROVIST y'Lat. praposit-us, a commander]
PROVOST J

PROWSE \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Valiant, Gallant
PR0USE;[M.E, O.Fr. prous, pro(u)z, (Fr.

preux\
Richard le Prouz.— Hund: Rolls.

To countenance their wedding feast did
want nor knight nor prowse. —
Warner, Albions England, a.d. 1592.

PRUCE I One from Prussia [M.E. Pruce, Fr.

Prusse, Ger. Preussen ; said to be from a

Lithuanian or Lettish word meaning

' neighbours ']

And if I sente over see . . .

into iVKce-lond. —

Piers Plowman, 881 1-13.
2 occ. conf. Hrith Prouse, Prowse, q.v.

I "I (A.-Fr.-Lat.) meton. for a purveyor
I J of provender or provisions, etc.

Prudame

94

Pullens:

PRUDAME for Prudhomme, q.v.

PRUDEN seems, like Provan, Proven, to have
lost a final dental, and to be for Prudent
[Fr. prudent ; Lat. prudens -eritis, foresee-
ing]

PRUDH01VIME(A.-Fr.-Lat.)UPRlGHT,H0NEST

Man ; Expert rA.-Fr. O.Fr. prudhom{m)e,

prodhom{m)e (Wi. prud'homme) ; app. f. a

syncopated iorm*prud-us oi Lat. prouid-iis,

foreseeing + Lat. homo, man.]

Geoffrey Prifdhomme. — Hund. Rolls.
PRUE, V. Prew.
PRUETT, V. Prewett.
PRUST, V. Prost.
PRYCE, V. Price.
PRYDE, V. Pride.
PRYER 1 ,

PRYOR J

V. Prior.

PRYM
PRYME

PRYKE (EngO a diphthongized form oi Prick,
a term of endearment, also the name of a
pointed weapon [M.E, prikke, prike, O.E.

pricd\

PRYNNE, V. Prinn.

[v. Prime.

PRYTHERCH (Celt.) ihe'Ws\shAp-Shydderch:
V. under Protfiero.

PUCK, V. PooI<(e.

PUCKRIDGE (Eng. ) Bel. to Puckeridge

(Herts) = Puca's or the Elf Ridge [O.E.

puca, an elf ; hrycg, a ridge]

PUDDEFOOT 1 (Teut.) app. a nickname for a

PUDDIFOOT Club-footed Person [ cp.

PUDDEPHAT L.Ger. puddig, thick, stumpy;

and + E./00*, O.E./rf/]

PUDDIFER, V. Petifer.

PUDDLE (Eng.) i S^uat, Dumpy [Dial. E.,

, with dim. suff. -le tor -el: cp. L.Ger.

puddig, thick, stumpy, f. the same base

seen in O.E. pud-oc, a wen]

2 Dweller at a Puddle [M.E. podel, a

small muddy pool ; f., with dim. suff. -el,

O.E. pttdd, a ditch]

PUDSEY (Eng.) Bel. to Pudsey (Yorks), 14th
cent. Puddesay, Domesday Podechesaie =
PuDEC's or Puf)Oc's Waterside [The ,
pers. name (in the genitive) is from the
same base as O.E. pudoi; (-oc, dim. suff.), a
wen + M.E. ey, O.E. i{e)g, waterside,

island]

PUGET (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Puget (France) =

a Ridge or Height [f. L.Lat. podi-um, a

ridge, height — Lat. podi-um, a projecting

structure ; with the Fr. dim. suff. -et\

PUGH "I for the Welsh Ap-Hugh = Son of
PUGHEJ Hugh: V. Hugh.

PULBROOK (Eng.) Dweller at the Pooi^
Brook [O.E. pdl + hr6c\

PULESTON (Eng.) There is no trace of a
local name Puleston, which is prob. rather
a contracted form of the Herefordshire
place-name Puddlestone than a corrupt
form of *Paulestun.

PULFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Pulford (Chesh.),
A.D. 1303-4 Pulford = the Ford at the
Pool [O.E. pdl -{■ ford\

PULHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Pulham (Norf. ;
Dorset), 13th cent. Pulham = the Pool-
Land [O.E. pdl + ham(m, an enclosure,
piece of land]

PULLARl (Eng.) Dweller at the Pool-Bank
puller; [O.E. pdl, a. pool + dra, a bank,

shore]

We find the redundant form PuUar
Bank in Sussex.

PULLEN

PULLAN

PULLEIN(E

PULLEYN(E

PULLIN

I meton. for a Poulterer
[M.E. pullen {pullain{e), poul-
try; a pi. form, of Fr. poule, a
hen, fowl, L.Lat. pulla, fem.
of Lat. pullus, a chicken]

'PouUailler, a poulter or keeper of
pullainf.' — Cotgrave, Fr. Diet, ed. 1650.

She . . . knows how pullen should be
cramm'd. —

Beaumont & Fl., Scornful Lady, V. ii.

2 the French Poulain = (a) a nickname
from the Colt [M.Fr. poulin, O.Fr. polin,

Lat. pullin-us]

(&) a name applied to the children of

unions between French and Syrians at

the time of the Crusades [prob. f. Lat.

pull-US, dark-coloured]

3 the French Poulaine, an old form of
Pologne^ Poland : v. Poland.

4 the French Poulin, a form of Paulin
(as well as of Poulain) : v. Paulin.

Nicholas le Pullen.— ffM«rf. Rolls.
John Puleyn. — do.

Nicholas Polayn. —

Soms. Subsidy-Roll (a.d. 1327).

PULLEY = Pooley, q.v.

PULLING \i = Pullin, Pullen (q.v.), with
PULLENGIadded-^^.

2 Dweller at the Pool-Meadow [O.E.

95

PuUinger

pul, p6l, a pool + O.N.E. ing, O.N. eng, a

meadow]

3 for the Fr.-Bret. local name P(9a/e«c =

Narrow Pool [Bret, poul, a pool + enk,

narrow]
William Pulyng. —

Lane. Assi3e-RoUs,A.D. 1284.

PULLINQER, an unvoiced form of Bullinger,
q.v.

p'[ll:L,rN"}=''oo.man,q,v.

PULSON = Poulson, q.v.

PULTER = Poultep, q.v.

William ^e Pulter.—

Lane. Rental, A.D. 1322.

PULTON (Eng.) Dweller at the Pool En-
closure or FiiRMSTEAD [O.E. pul,pol +

tAn\

PUMFORD for Pomfret, Pontefract, q.v.

PUMFREY ' for the Welsh Ap-Humfrey,
PUMFRAY \ Ap-Humphrey = Son of Hum-
PUMPHREYJ phrey, Humfrey, q.v. [Wei.

ap, son\

PUMPHERSTON (Celt. + Eng. ) Bel. to
Pumpherston (Scotland) = Pumphrev's
Town [O.E. tiin\

PUNCH (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the Nor.-Fr. Ponchie, Fr.

Ponce, Lat. Pontius [f. {a) Lat. pons, poritis,

a bridge ; (6) Lat. pontus (Gr. irdwos), the

/ sea]

Robert Punche. — Hund. Soils.

PUNCHARD, the Nor.-Fr. Ponchard =

Ponch{e (v. Punch) + the dim. suif. -ard

[O.Frank, hard, hard]

PUNCHEON 1 the Nor.-Fr. Ponchon ( Fr.

PUNSHON i Ponfon) = Ponch{e (v. Punch)

+ the dim. suff. -on]

PUNNETT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the Fr. Ponet, for

Pontet, a, local name = the Little Bridge

[Fr. pent, Lat. pons, pontis, a bridge + the

Fr. dim. suff. -et]

PUNT (A.-Fr.-iLat.) I the 'Fx{Du)Pont={Oi the)
Bridge [Fr. /io«;, Lat. />o» J, -«ftij

2 (occ.) a contracted form of P u n n ett,q. v.

PUNTER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the Fr. Po«rfer, a South.
Fr. word for a perron [f. Lat. pons, pontis,

a bridge]

PUPLETT; v. Poplett.

PURCELL (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname from the

Young Pig [A.-Fr. puKel(l, porcelQ, O.Fr.

poreel (Ft. pourceau, a pig), if. (with dim.

suff. -el) Lat.porc-us, a pig]

Roger Poreel. — Hund. Rolls.

Purslow

PURCEY tor Percy, q.v.

PURCHAS WA.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname from

PURCHASE theM.E.purchasen (hence M.E.

PU RCH ES purchas, booty, gain), O.Fr. piir-

PU RCH ESEV chacer(FT.pourchasser),to pursue

eagerly ; Lat. prd, and captare, to, catch]

And bothe we goon abouten cure

purchas.— Chaucer, Cant. Tales, D 1530.

PURDEW\

PURDEY

PURDIE (for Pardew (through the pron.

PURDUE f/Br-), q.v. '

PURDY

PURDYEi

That Redcrosse knight, perdie, I never
slew. — Spenser, The Faerie Queene, \, vi. 42.

PURDOM (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname from the

oath ParDom ! By (the) Lord! [Fr. par,

Lat. per + Fr. dom, Lat. domin-um (ace.

of domin-us), lord]

There has been some confusion with

the next name.

PURDON (Eng.) Dweller at the Peartree-
HlLi, [O.E. pirige, peartree -|- diin, hill]

PUREFOY (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname: Pure

Faith [Ft. pure ((.), Lat. pura + O.Fn foy

(Ft. foi), Lai. fides, faithj

PUREY, like Pury, a var. of Pirie, q.v.
PURKINS for Perkins, q.v.

purkIIsI^-p^-'^'^^-i-

PURNELL for Pernell : v. Parnell.
PURRIER, a var. of Perrier", q.v.
PURSELL1 p ,1

. pursaill; '""'•cell, qv. ,

PURSER (A.-Lat.) i Cashier, Paymaster.
2 Purse-Maker.

[M.E. pwser(e ; O.E. purs (Lat. bursa), a
purse -t- the agent, suft. -ere]

PURSEY for Percy, q.v.

PURSHOUSE (Eng.) The first element of
this Midland local surname (i6th cent.
Persehouse) is prob. the French pers. name
Pers or Piers (Peter). Purshall, the
Worcestershire place-name, was Pershull
[M.E. hull, a hill] in the 13th and 14th
centuries.

PURSLOW (Eng.) Bel. to Purslow (Salop),
1 6th cent. Purslane [the second element
is O.E. hlAw, a (burial) mound, hill ; the
first represents a pers. name in the geni-
tive ease— perh. the A.-Sax. Paghere]

Purton

96

Pyzer

PU RTON (Eng.) Bel. to Purton(Wilts, a.d. 796,
Puritun, Perytiin, a.d. 854, Peritiin ; Glouc,
etc.) ; Puriton, Soms. = the Pear-Tree
Orchard or Enclosure [O.E. *purige,
pyrige,pirige, peartree {pere, pear) + tun,
enclosure, etc.]

PURVIS "1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Parvis
PURVES J or PoRCH(gen. of a church) [A.-Fr.
parvys, O.Fr. parvis, L.Lat. paravis-us ;
Lat. paradis-us]
The parvis, or portico, of old St. Paul's
was much frequented by lawyers.
A Sergeant of the Lawe, war and wys,
That often hadde ben at the Parvys. —
Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 309-10.
The u in the name is due to the pronun-
ciation Parvis.

PU RY, a var. of Pirie, q.v.
William atte Purye. —

Subsidy Roll, Soms., A.D: 1327.

PURYER, a var. of Perriep*, q.v.

PUSEY 1 (Eng.)Bel.toPusey(Berks); Pewsey

PUZEY ; (Wilts), the Al-Sax, Pefesig=PETE's

Waterside ' [O.E. i(e)g, island, etc.]

PUTLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Putley = i the PiT-
Lea [v. under Putt', and -t- M.E. ley,

O.E. ledh]
2 Put(t)a's Lea [v. under Putt'],

PUTTMAN}' = P"tt(q.v.) + ...

2 a metathesized form of Putnam, q.v.

PUTNAM \ (Eng.) Bel. to Puttenham (Herts;

PUTTNAM ] Surrey), the A.-9ax. *Puttanhdm

= Putta's Home or Estate [Puitan-,

genit. of Putta (v. under Putt") -t- hdm,

home, etc.]

PUTNEY (Eng.) Bel. to Putney (Surrey), the

A.-Sax. Puttanig = Putta's Waterside

[Puttan-, genit. of Putta (v. under Putt')

+ i{e)g, island, etc.]

PUTT (Eng.) I Dweller at a Pit or Pond
[M.E. put{te,pyt(te, O.E.pyt(t, Lat. pute-us]
John de la Putte.—Hund. Soils.
For I shal punysshe hem [them] in
purgatorie
Or in the^M^ of helle. —

Piers Plowman, 6356-7.

j2 the A.-Sax. pers. name Putta, Puta

[app. a descriptive nickname, f. a var. of

0:E. pyt{t, a pit or pustule ; Lat. pute-us, a

pit]
PUTTERGALLl „ Do.*„rfoi
PUTTERGILL )^-P°'^"^^'-

PUTTOCK 1 (Eng.) i a nickname and sign-

PUTTICK J name from the Kite [Late M.E.

puttocke, M.E. puttoc, puttok, a kite, hawk]

Like as aputtocke having spyde in sight

A gentle faulcon sitting on an hill.. —

Spenser, Faerie Queene, V. v. 15.

2 the A.-Sax. pers. name Puttoc, Puttuc
[-0C, -uc, dim. suff.]
Walter Pnttok.—Hund. Rolls.

PUXON I Puck's Son : v. Puck, Pook(e.
2 for Puxton, q.v.

PUXTON (Eng.) Bel. to Puxton (Soms.;

Wore.) = Puc(c)'s Estate [v. under

P6ok(e ; and + O.E. tiin]

PUZEY, V. Pusey.

PYATT = Py(e (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. sufif. -at.

PYBUS (N.Eng.orScand.)Dweller at the Pike-
Busk (Bush) [v. under Pike and Busk]
Elena Pykebusk. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.
But Pike- perh. refers to the prickly
nature of the bush rather than (as Bards-
ley thought) to a Peak or Hill.

PYCOCK = Py(e (q.v.) + cock.

PY(E (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname and sign-name

from the Magpie [M.E. O.Fr. pye, pie,

Lat. pica, a magpie]

John Py&.—rHund. Rolls. '

And she was proud and peert as is a

/liie.— Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 3950.

His ledene [speech] be in oure Lordes
ere
Like a pies chiteryng.—

Piers Plowman, 7935-6.
PYECROFT 1 (Fr.-Lat.-t-Eng.) Dweller at the
PYCROFT J Magpie-Field [v. under Py(e

and Cpoft]

PYEFINCH 1 (Fr.-Lat.+ Eng.) a nickname apd

PYFINCH J sign-name from the Pie-finch or

Chaffinch [v. under Py(e and Finch']

PYET \ = Py(e (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. sufi.
PYETTJ -et.

Here comes the worthy prelate as pert
as a pyet. — W. Scott ; Webster.

PYGOTT = Pigott, q.v.
PYKE = Pike, q.v.
PYLCH(E = Pilch, q.v.
PYLE = Pile, q.v.

Who fifty rock-rear'd />yfej and castles...
— Drayton, Poly-Olbion, xxix. 285.

PYMM}=P'"'(«"'q-^-
PYNE = Pine, q.v.

With many high lorer [laurel] and pyn.
—Chaucer, Rom. of the Rose, 1379.
PYOTT = Py(e (q.v.) -|- the Fr. dim. suff. -ot.
PYPER = Piper, q.v.
PYRIE = Pirie, q.v.

PYSER "*

Quadling

97

Quatermass

Q

QUADLING, V. Quodling.

QUAGGIN, V. the commoner form Quiggln.

QUAID (Celt.) for the Irish Mac Uaid = Son
OF Uad [cp. O.Ir. «arfa, a master]

QUAIFE (A.-Fr.-Ger.-Lat.), earlier Quoife and
Coyfe ; a pickname from the headdress or
cap so called (perh. specifically from the
close-fitting cap of lawn or silk orig.
worn by sergeants-at-law) [Fr. cqiffe,
O.H.Ger. chuppha ; Lat. cuppa, a cup]

QUAIL \ (Celt. + Lat.) the Manx contracted
QUAILE .form of the Celt. MacPhail = Son
QUALE OF Paul, q.v.
QUAYLE-'

(A.-Fr.-Teut.) a nickname and sign-
name from the Quail [A.-Fr. quaille (Fr.
caille) ; of L.Ger. orig.]
In France, the dim. caillette signifies a
chatterer, a gossip.

QUAINT"! (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Prudent, Skilful;

QUANT J Neat, Fastidious; Odd, Curious

[M.E, guaynt{e, queynt{e, coyni(e, coint(e;

O.Fr. coint, prudent, etc.; Lat. cognit-us,

known]
Michael le QneyrA.— Pari. Writs.
Margaret la Coynte. — Cat. Inq. P.M.

And therfore have I greet necessitee
Upon this queynte world tavyse [to ad-
vise] me. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, 61425-6.

. . . She, nothing quaint

Nor 'sdeignfull of so homely fashion. —

Spenser, The Faerie Queene, III. vii. 10.

QUAINTON (Eng. ) Bel. to Quainton =
Quinton, q.v.

Quainton, Bucks, is also known as
Quinton-Malet.

QUAINTRELL]

QUEINTRELL t forms of Cantrell, q.v.

QUANTRELL J

QUALTER (Celt. + Teut.) for the Irish and
Manx Mac Walter = Son of Walter, q.v.

QU ALTERS = Qualter (q.v.) with E. genit. -s.

QUALTROUGH (Manx), 17th cent. Qualteragh
— Qualter (q.v.) wdth the pers. suff. -agh
(-ach).

QUANTOCKI (Eng.) Bel. to Quantock

QUANTICK f (Soms.), 9th cent. (K. .lElfred's

Will) Cantuctiin = Cantuc's Estate

[pers. name with O.E. dim. suff. -uc; +

O.E. ttin, estate, etc.]

Cantucuudu (Soms.) occurs in a charter

a.d. 682 ('Caft. Sax,' No. 62).

QUAREL "1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.)Dwellerat a Quarry

QUARELL/ [M.E. quarel, O.Fr. quarrel; prop.

M.E. quarrer{e,O.Fr. guarriere (Fr. carriire),

a quarry ;ult. f. Lat. quadrare, to square]

Ivo 4e Quarel. — Testa de Nevill.

QUARK, v. Quirk.

" It was the commoner name in the Isle
of Man 200 years ago, but now Quirk has
almost entirely superseded it." —

A. W. Moore, p. 15.

QUARLES. Bel. to Quarles (Norf.), a.d.
1 501-2 same spelling [the lack of suffici-
ently early forms precludes a definite
opinion on the etymology, but the name
looks like a dial. pron. of A.-Fr. quarels=
quarries: see under Quarel(l]

QUARMBYl (Scand. ) Bel. to Quarmby

QUARNBY J (Yorks), 14th cent. Quemhy =

the Hand-Mill Place [O.N. /6«er«, a

quern -|- 6j;-r]

QUARNDON (Eng.) Bel. to Qiiafndon (Derby)

= the Hand-Mill Hill [O.E. cweom, a

quern + diin, a hill]

QUARREL ]

QUARRELL \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) = Quarel(l, q.v.

QUARRILL J

QUARRIER(A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Quarryman [O.Fr.

quarrier (Fr. carrier), Lat. quadratari-us, a

stone-cutter (stone-squarer]

2 Dweller at a Quarry [O.Fr. quarriere

(Fr. carrihe) ; f. Lat. quadrare, to square]

QUARRINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Quarrington
[As Quarrington, Bucks, was formerly
Quarrendon, and Quarrington, Durham,
formerly Queringdon (app. for an earlier
Querendon), these places prob. owe the
first element of their name to the O.E.
cweom or cwyrn, a hand-mill, with the
second element O.E. dun, a hill ; but the
Lincolnshire Quarrington occurs as
Querinton, variantly Cuerntntiin (O.E. tUn,
estate), in a Latin charter of the Confes-
sor's time which is, however, considered

spurious]

QUARTERMAIN \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Four-Han-

QUARTERMAINE ded, i.e. Mail - Fisted

QUARTERMAN ' [A.-Fr. quatrentayn{s, qua-

QUATERMAIN 1 treman{s, quatermain{s,

O.Fr. jaaft'e-iMfltB, four - handed ; Lat. '

quatuor, four, and man-us, hand]

Clare Quatremayns. — Hund. Rolls.

QUARTON (Eng.) i for Wharton, q.v.

2 for Quarnton = the Quern (Hand-
Mill)-Place [O.E. cweorn + tUn]

QUATERMASS (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Quatre-
mares (Normandy) = the Four Pools

Quay

98

Quickman

[Fr. guatre, Lat. quatuor, four + theph of

Ff. mare, L.Lat. mara, a pool ; Lat. mare,

> sea]

Adam de Quatremars. — Testa de Nevill.

QUAY, V, Kay.

" Probably contracted fro<n Mac Kay.
It is a purely Manx name, and is com-
moner than Kay, Kie, Key, or Kee." —

A. W. Moore, p. 39.

QUAYLE = Quaile, q.v.

QUECK, a form of Quick, q.v. [M.E. quek,
O.E. cwic = O.H.Ger. quec\

QUECKETT \ = Queok, Quick (q.v.) + the
QUECKITT j Fr. dim. suff. -et.\

QUEELY, a form of Quilley, q.v.

QUEEN (Eng.) a nickname and festival-name
[O.E. <w^», queen ; wife]

(Celt.) an abbrev. of Mac Queen, q.v.

QUEENBOROUGH (Eng.) Bel. to Queen-
borough, Queeniborough = the Queen's
Stronghold [O.E. cw4n, queen + hurhi
stronghold]
Queeniborough, Leic, was Quenhure in
the 13th cent. Queenborough, Kent, was
anc. Cyninghurg (Royal Castle) : " Edward
III. rebuilt the castle . . . and conferred
on it its present name in honour of his
queen Philippa " {Nat. Gaz.)

QUEINTRELL, v. Quaintrell.

QUEK, V. Queck ante.

QUEKETTI
QUEKITT ;

V. Queckett ante.

QUELCH (Celt. + Teut.) for Mac Wekh =

Son of the Welshman : v, Welch [Ir.,

Gael., and Manx mac, son]

QUENBY "1 (Scand.) Bel. to Quenby, (Leic),

QUEIVIBY J 13th cent. Quenebi=\.he Woman's

or Women's Estate [O.N. kudn, a woman,

wife ; or O.N. kuenna, genit. pi. of kona, a

woman, wife + 6j/-r, farm, estate]

QUENDON (Eng.) Bel. to Quendon (Essex)

= the Queen's or the Woman's Hill

[the genit. of O.E. «u/«, a queen, wife ; or

cwene, a woman + din, a hjll]

QUENNELL(A.-Fr.-Lat.) the French Quenel,

a local name = the Little Oak [North.

Fr. quine (Ff. chine), O.Fr. quesne, Lat.

quesn-us, mutat. of quern-us, of oak ; querc-

-us, oak-tree -|- the dim. suif. -el]

(Eng.) I for. the A.-Sax. fern. pers. name

(a) CiBiitkild [O.'E. cwdn, queen, wife;

cwene, woman -|- hild, war, battle]

(ft) Cynehild [O.E. cyne-, royal 4- hild,
war, battle]

Thomas Quenild. — Hund. Rolls.
2 for the A.-Sax. male pers. name
Coenw{e)ald [O.E. coene, bold, keen +
iv{e)ald, power]

QUENTIN (Fr.-Lat.) i for Quintin; q.v.

2 Bel. to St. Quentin or St. Quintin ; v.
Quintin.

The French saint-name Quentin was in,
Latin Quintinus-

St. Quentin is a common French place-
name.

QUESNEL \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the French (Du)

QUESNELL J !3»M»e/ = (Of the) Little Oak

[v. under Quennell (Fr.)]

Le Quesnel is a Somme place-name.

QUESTED, a Kentish surname, app. coiitainsi,
as second element, the M.E. , sted, O.E.
siede, a place ; but without sufficiently
early forms nothing definite can be said
as to the etymology of the first element,
which may perh. be the East. Dial. E.
queach, a thicket.

QUEX (Eng.) Bel. to Quex (Kent). [This place

" anciently belonged to the Quek family,"'

from which it is tolerably evident that

Quex is merely the genit. (Queks) of the

family-name Quek : v. Queck, Quick]

QUICK "I (Teut.) i Quick, Lively, Nimble

QUICKE ) [M.E. quicke, quic, quik, quyk; O.E.

cwie (= O.Sax. quiU) = O.N. kuik-r, living,

alive]
Robert Quic. — Hund. Rolls.

And short and guik [variantly quyk] and
ful of hy sentence.—

Chaucer, Cant. Tales, Prol. 306.

(occ.) 2 Dweller by a Quick-Tree, i.e.
a Rowan-Tree or Mountain-Ash ; orig,
an Aspen [O.E. cwic tredw, an aspen]

QUICKFALL (Scand.) Dweller at the Quick-
Tree Hill [v. under Quick', and -f- O.N.
fiall, a hillj fell ; but Quick- here may perh.
refer to the grass so called : cp. the Dan.-
Norw. kvikgrcEs]
This is specifically a Yorkshire and
Lincolnshire surname.

QUICKLEY (Eng.) Dweller at the Quick-
Tree (Or the Quick-Grass) Lea [v. undei;
Quickfall and Quick'', and -|- M.E. ley,
O.E. ledh, a lea, meadow]
Qcc. (Celt.) for Quigley, q.v.

QUICKIVIAN = Quick (q.v.) + man.

Quigg^in

99

Quy

QUIGGIN (Celt.) a contr. of the Erse Mac

Guaigin = Son of Guagin, i.e. the

Frivoler [Ir. mac, son + the genit. of

guagin, a light, frivolous person]

QUIGLEY (Celt.) for the Irish O'Coigligh or
O'Cuigligh = Grandson or Descendant

OF COIGLEACH Or CUIGLEACH [Ir. 6 OX ua,

grandson + the gienit. of Coig- or Cuig-

leach, app. f. O.Ir. ciiig, counsel, advice,

with the plen. suff. -l{e)ach]

QUILKIN (Celt. + Teut.) a contr. of Mac
Wilkin = Son of Wilkin, q.v.

aUlLL (Celt.) for (a) the Irish O'Cuill =

Grandson or Descendant of Coll, i.e.

the Hazel-Tree [Ir. d or ua, grandson -j-

the genit. {cuilt) of coll, the hazel-tree]

(6) the Irish il^acCwW =, Son of Coll,
i.e. the Hazel-TrEe.

One of the early Irish kings, Mac Cuill,
was, according to an ancient native poem,
so called from his worship of the coll or
^ hazel-tree. ,

Ceannfaeladh ua Cuill. —
Annals of the Pour Masters, A.D. 1048.

QUILLAN 1 (Celt.) i for (a) the Irish O'Cuilinn

QUILLIN f = Grandson or Descendant of

Cuileann, i.e. the Whelp [Ir. rf or ua,

grandson + the genit. of cuileanUj a

whelp]

(6) the Irish Mac Cuilinn = Son of
' Cuileann, i.e. the Whelp.

2 for the Irish Mac Uidhilin.

QUILLER (Teut.) Fledgling (a nickname)-

[Dial. E. quiller/a birdHot yet fully fledged';

f. M.E. guille, a quill; app. qf L.Ger. orig.]

QUILLEY \ (Fr.) Bel. to Quilly (France), app.

QUILLY J for Guilly, and therefore repre-
senting a Late Latin *Guilliacum =
Willi's or Willo's Estate [thepers.
name is f. O.Teut. will- (O.H.Ger. willo =
O.Sax. willio ~ O.E. willa), will, desire,
pleasure : the second eleinent is the Lat.-
Gaul. possess, sufi. -dc-um]

QUILLIAM (Celt, -f- Teut.) the Manx con-
tracted form of Mac William = Son of
William, q.v.

QUILTER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Quilt-Maker [M.E.
guilter, quylter; f., with agent, suff. -er,
M.E. guilt{e,guylt(e,O.FT.cuilte{Fi.couette),
a quilt ; Lat. culcita, a mattress, cushion]

Richard le Qm\teT.—Hund. Rolls.
QUIN, v. O'Quinn.

QulMlY}<S'=-"'l)'-«"«"''y-

QU I NCE (Fr.-Lat.) a French form of the Latin
Quint\i)us (the common Roman praeiiomen
usually abbreviated Q) = the Fifth (Son
or Child) [Lat. guintus, fifth]

QUINCEYl (Fr.-Lat.) Bel.toQuincey,Quincy,

QUINCY jQuinfay (France), the M.Lat.

Quinciacum = Quint(i)us's Estate [v.

under Quince, and -1- the Lat. - Gaul,

possess, suff. -dc-uni\

This name sometimes oqcurs in our

i3th-cent. Hundred-I^oUs as de Quency.

QUINE l (Celt.) contr. of Mac Coinn or Mfac

QU YN E J Cuinn = Son of Conn, i.e. Counsel,

Reason [Ir. mac, son -|- coinn or cuinn,

genit. of conn, counsel, etc.]

QUINEY, v. Quinney.

QUIN LAN \ (Celt.) the Irish Caoindhealbhan

QUINLAND J (</A and bh miite) = Sweet Face

[Ir. caoin, sweet, kind + the asp. form of

dealbh, face + the dim. suff. -dn\

QUINN, v. O'Quinn.

QUINNELL, v. Quennell.

QUINNEY (Celt.) tor the Manx and Irish Mac

Cuinnaidh (dh mute) = Son of Connaidh,

i.e. the Crafty [Ir. mac, son + the genit. of

connaidh{e, crafty]

QUINSEY for Quinoey, q.v.

QUINTIN (Fr.-Lat.) the Latin Quintinus, f.
Quintus : v. under Quince.

Quintinus Poulet. —

Pat. Rolls, A.D. 1491-2.

QUINTON (Eng.) Bel. to Quinton = the
Queen's Manor [the genit. of O.E. cw^n,
a queen, wife -)- t<in\
The Glouc. Quinton occurs in a ninth-
century Latin charter as Cwentun.

QUIRK (Celt.) for the Manx and Irish Mac

Cuirc = Son of Corc [Ir. mac, son -f-

cuirc, genit. of corc, a knife]

QUIXLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Quixley = Quick's
Lea [v. under Quick, and -|- M.E. Uy,

O.E. ledhl

The Quixley referred to in the i4tn

cent. Yorks Poll-Taxis app. now Whixley.

QUODLING (A.-Fr.-Lat.) for earlier Querdling,

which represents an A.-Fr. Querdelioun

(found in the Close Rolls, A.D. 1328), i.e.

Ceeur-de-lion == Lion-Hearted [Lat. cor,

heart ; <2e, of ; leone, abl. of leo, lion]

QUYi (ScandO i a nickname from the Heifer

[North. E. and Scot, guy : cp. Swed. gviga,

Dan.-Norw. koie, a heifer]

i Bel. to Quy (Cambs) ; or Dweller by

the Fold or Pen • [O.N. &«/]

Raban

100

R

Raffe

RABAN (Teut.) Raven [O.H.Ger. rtAan, hra-
ban (mod. robe) = Goth. *hrabn-s, a raven]

RABBITT (Teut.) i a' nickname from the

Rabbit [M.E. rahei\

2 a corrupt descendant of the O.Teut.

ReEdbod,Radbod,Radbot= Fleet Messenger

[O.E. {h)ra!d = *O.Sax. O.H.Ger. rado,

swift + O.E.6(7(/a=O.Sax.6<?(fo=O.H.Ger.

boto, messenger]

RABY (Scand.) Bel. to Raby (Chesh. ; Cumb. ;
Durham) = i Ra's or the Deer Place

[O.N. rd, a roe + 6ji-r]
the Nook or Corner

2 the Farm in

[O.N. rd, urd, a nook, corner, + Jji->-]
The Cheshire Raby was Rabie in
Doniesday-Book. j

RACKHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Rackham (Sussex)
= app. WRiECCA's Home or Estate
[O.^.wracca, stranger, exile (cognate with
Ger. recke, warrior, hero — O.H.Ger.
w)recko, stranger, exile ; &nA Goth, wrakia,
persecution) ; Mm, home, etc.]

RACKSTRAW(Eng.) a nickname for a Scaven-
ger; lit. Straw-Raker [f.O.E. raca, a rake,

and stredw]
RADBONE I for Rad borne, q.v.
2 for Rathbone, q.v.

RADBORN(E

RADBOURN(E

RADBURN;(E

(Eng.) Bel. to Radbourne
(Derby), Radbourn (Warw. :
Domesday, Redbotne), Red-
bourn (Herts), Redbourne (Lines: 13th
cent. Redbom, Redeburn) = 1 the Red
Stream [O.E. r(e)dd, red -|- bume, a

stream]
2 the Reedy Stream [O.E. hredd, a reed]
Cp. Rodbour'n(e.

RADCLIFF ] (Eng.) Bel. to RadcUffe, Rad-
RADCLIFFE klive = the Red Cliff [O.E.
RADCLWeFE ) rie)dd + clif: W.Sax. charter
dat. form ' t6 reddanclife ^
This name was Latinized de Rubra Clivo.
RadcUffe, Lanes, is Radeclive in Domes-
day-Book. The " cliff of red rock " is on
the south-eastern side of the River Irwell.
Cp. RatclifT(e.

RADFORD \ (Eng.) Bel. to Radford = i the
RADFORTH J Red Ford [O.E. r(e)dd -f- ford\
(rarely) 2 Rada's Ford.
The Warwickshire Radford was Rede-
fordm Domesday-Book. The Worcester-
shire, Oxfordshire, and Notts Radfords
were Radeford in the 13th cent. A
Somersetshire Radford was Radaford in
the loth cent.

RADLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Radley = i the Red
Lea [O.E. r{e)dd + ledK\

(rarely) 2 Rada's Lea.

Radley, Berks, was Radeley in the 13th
cent. Radeledh is the form found in a
loth-cent. Wilts charter.

RADMELLI p„w„i„ „„
RADIVIALl|= Redmill, q.v.

Rodmill, or Rodmell, Sussex, was
formerly Rodmell.

RADMON(D, v. Redmond.

Note the form Rddmund in Heyne's
collection of gth-iith cent. Old Low
German names — Frankish, Saxon,
Frisian ('Altniederdeutsche Eigennamen
aus dem neunten biselften Jahrhundert').

RADMORE (Eng.) Bel. to Radmore = 1 the

Red Moor [O.E. r{e)dd + wjrfr]

2 the Road-Moor [O.E. rdd + mSrl

Radmore, Staffs, was anc. Radmore and
Rademore.

RADNOR (Eng.) Bel. to Radnor, the A.-Sax.

Readaora, dat. form Readanoran (a.d. 774)

= At the Red Bank or Shore [O.E.

r{e)dda, dat. r(e)ddan, red + dra, dat. dran,

bank, shore]

RADULF \(Teut. ) the O.Teut. Rcedwulf,

R^D\^\.PH ] Radwolf, etc. = i Swift Wolf

[O.E. (h)reed = O.N. hra^ = O.H.Ger.

rado, fleet, swift -|- O.E. O.Sax. wulf =
O.N. ulf-r = O.H.Ger. wolf J

2 Counsel-Wolf [O.E. rdsd = O.Sax.
rdd = O.N. ra'tS = O.H.Ger. rdt, counsel]

The Latinized form Radulf-us is com-
mon in Domesday Book.

RADWAY (Eng!) i Dweller at the Red Road

[O.E. r(e)ad + weg\

Radway, Warwickshire, the Domesday

Radwei, Rodeweie, is in the Vale of the

Red Horse.

2 a descendant of the A.-Sax. pers. name
Rcedivig = Fleet Warrior [O.E. (h)rced,
swift -|- wzga, warrior]
RAE = Ray, q.v.

Both daes [does] and roes down [dun]
and rsd.— Sir Gray Steill, 2327.

RAEBURN (Eng.) DweUer by the Roe-Brook
[O.E. rd, a roe + bume^

raffe} ' ^®^''"- ^°™^ °^ '^*'^> Ra'ph, q-v.
A squire he had, whose name was

Ralph,
That in th'adventure went his half.
Though writers, tor more stately tone,
Do call him Ralpho, ' tis all one :
And when we can, with metre safe,
We'll call him so ; if not, plain Raph.—
Butler, Hudibras, L i. 457-62.
2 dim. forms of Raphael, q.v.

Rafferty

lOI

Raisbeck

RAFFETT \ = Raff'(e (q.v.) + the Fr. dim.
RAFFITT Jsuff. -rf.

RAFFLE = Raphael, q.v.

RAFFLES, Raffle's (Son): v. Raffle, Raphael.

RAGG "1 (Scand.) i a contr. of the Scand.

RAGGE I Ragn- names, esp.Ragnar(Ragnhar),

Ragnuald [O.N. ragna-, genit. ot regin, the

gods (conn, with Lat. rex, a ruler) ; -har,

heir, army ; uald, might, power]

2 a nickname irom the Scand. ragg
(O.N. rogg), 'shaggy hair.'

3 a nickname from the O.N. rag-r,
' Geminate,' 'timid.'

William Ragge.— ifM«(?. Soils.
This is more particularly a Yorkshire
surname.

RAGGATT"! I Ragged; Shaggy [M.E. ra^-

RAGGETT 1 ged{e : cp. O.N. ragga^S-r (and

O.E. raggig), rough, shaggy]

Thomas le Ragged. — Hund. Rolls.

2 for the French Raguet, Ragot [pTob.
f. the same Teut. stem as (i) ; with the

Fr. dim. suff. -et, -ot]

3 for Reigate, q.v.

RAGMAN I = Ragg',' (q.v.) + tnan.

2 = Ragg's Man (-Servant) : v. Ragg.

3 Ragged Man.

Langlabd uses the name for the Evil
One—
To go robbe that rageman
And reve the fruyt fro hym. —

Piers Plowman, 10,978-9.

Here rage- is evid. the O.N. rag-r,
earlier arg'-r = Ger. arg, 'bad.'

The name occursln the Hundred-Rolls,
but is now practically extinct.

RAIKES, V. Rakes.

RAIL (FrJ a nickname from the bird so called

[Fr. rdle, earlier rasle ; onomatopoeic]

A quayle, the raile, and the olde raven.

' — Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 872.

RAILTON is a doubtful name; having the

appearance of an Eng. place-name (of

which I can find no trace), it may really

represent a French Rdleton = rdle (v.

Rail) + the Fr. double dim. suff. -et-on.

RAILWARD (Eng.) Wardrobe-Keeper [O.E.
hrag{e)l, drgss, clothes + w(e)ard, keeper]

RAIN 1 (Teut.) contr.'of one or other of the

RAINEJ O.Teut. Regetv^, Ragin-, names: v.

Rainbird, Rainbow, Rayner, etc.]

(rarely) (Fr.-Lat.) for the French Reine

= Queen [Fr. reine, Lat. regind]

RAI N 81 RD (Teut. and Fr.-Teut.) a descendant
of the (y.TeivA. Reginber{h)t, Raginber{h)t,
etc., whence Fr. Raitnbert [O.Sax. and
O.H.Ger. regin-, ragin- — Goth, ragin-
= O.N. ragn-, rogn- = O.E. reg(e)n-, an
ancient intens. prefix (conn, with Lat.
rex, regis, ruler) implying might, rule ; god-
Hke ( as O.E. regen-w(e)ard, mighty
guardian) -|- O.Sax. berht = O.H.Ger.
beraht = Goth. bairht'S = O.N. hiart-r =
O.E. be{p)rht, bright, illustrious]

Rainbert. — Domesday-Book.

(occ.) (Eng.) a nickname from theWooD-
PECKER,also called the Rainbird because it
was supposed to foretell the fall of rain
[O.E. regen, rain -|- bridd, a (young) bird]

RAINBOW (Teut. and Fr.-Teiit.) a descendant
ot the O.Teut. Reginbald, Raginbald, etc.,
whence Fr. Raimbaud, Raimbaultfv. under
Rainbird, and -|- O.Sax. and O.H.Ger.
bald = Goth. *bali>-s = O.N. ball-r (with
lost dental) = O.E. b{e)ald, bold]
(occ.) (Eng.) a nickname from the at-
inospheric phenomenon, as for one
affecting gaudy apparel fO.E. regenboga}

RAINCOCK = Rain (esp. Teut.), q.v. -{■ the
E. pet suff. -cock.

RAINER, V. Rayner.

RAINES'
RAINS

2 Bel. to Rennes (Brittany), anc. Con-
date Rhedonum, Or Confluence of the
Rhedones.
Richard de Rennes. — Plac. de quo Warr.
. . . she [Guenever] was wrapped in
cered cloth of Raines. —

Morte d' Arthur, xxi. xi.

RAINFORD 1 (Eng.)Bel.toRainford(Lancs),

RAINFORTH j 12th cent. Raineford, 13th cent.

Rayneford [O.E. ford, a ford : the first

element is prob. the genit., ran, of O.E.

rd, a roe, if not the pers. name Rain(e : v.

Raln(e]
RAINGER = Ranger, q.v.

RAINSCROFT (Eng.) i Dweller at Rain(e)'s
Croft [v. Rain(e, and H- O.E. croft, a

small field!

' 1 1 Rain(e)'s (Son) : v. Rain(e,

2 for Ravenscroft, q.v

RAISBECK (Scand.) Bel. to Raisbeck; or

Dweller at the Roe's Brook [the genit.

of 0,N. rd, a roe -f bekk-r, a brook]

Raison

102

Ramsay

RAISON (Teut.) Ray's Son : v. Rfiy.

RAISTRICK = Rastriokl q.v.

RAIVELEY = Raveley, q.v.

RAKE (Eng. and Scand.) Dweller at a (Sheep-)
Walk [N.E. and Scot, rake, raik; O.N.
reili, a strolling, wandering ; conn, with
O.E. racian, to go, and racu, a stream-bed]

RAKES, pi., and genit., of Rake.

There is a Raikes in the parish of Ripon.

RALEGH "I (Eng.) Bel. to Raleigh (S. Devon,
RALEIGH \ etc.); or Dweller at the Roe-Lea
RALEY J [O.E. rd, a roe + ledh, a lea]

Hugh de Ralegh. — Hund. Rolls (Devon).

This name (as is well known) was
formerly pronounced Rawly —

Sir Walter Rawleigh was one, that (it
seems) Fortune had pickt out of purpose,
of whom to make an example, or to use
as her tennis-ball. —

Naunton, Fragmenfa Regalia, c. 1630.

RALF ]

RALFE Icontr. of i Radulf, Radulph, q.v.

RALPH J

2 Randolf, Randolph, q.v.
There has been some confusion with
Rolf, q.v.

RALFS, Ralf's (Son) : v. Ralf.

RALPHS, Ralph's (Son) : v. Ralph.

RAM \ (Teut.) i a nickname and sign-name

RAMM J from the Ram [O.E. ram{m = Dut.

ram — Ger. ramm]

Geoffrey le Ram. —

Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.

William atte Ramme. —

Fine-Rolls, A.D. 1^20-1.

2 Raven [O.E. hmm(n — O.H.Ger.

hram\m (M.H.Ger. ram{m\

3 the O.Scand. pers. name Ramm-r =
J5TR0NG, Mighty [O.N. ramm-r}

Ram. — Domesday-Book.

RAMAGE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Wild [M.E. ; O.Fr.

ramage, wild (of a hawk), lit. ' living in

the branches ' j L.Lat. *ramatic-us, f. Lat.

ram-US, a branch]

Or ellis he is not wise ne sage,
Nomore than is a gote ramage. —

Chaucer, Rom. of the Rose, 5383-4.

RAM BART \ i the O.Teut. Raginbert, etc. : v.
RAMBERT / under RainbiPd'.

The French saint-name Ramhert (from
Teutonic) was Latinized Ragneberl-us.

2 the O.Teut. Hramher(h)ti etc. =
Raven-Bright [v. under Ranf»(m'i and
-f O.E.be(o)rht = O.Sax. 6erfe = O.H.Ger.
berakt = Goth, bairht-s, bright, glorious,

etc.]

French forms of i the O.Teut.
Raginbald, etc. : v. under Rain-
bow'.

RAMBAUD
RAMBAULT
RAMBAUT
RAM BEAU

2 the O.Teut. Hrambald = Raven-
Bold [v.-under Ramlm', and -f- O.Teut.

bald, bold]

RAM BLE. Acorrupt form pf the O.Teut. Ragin-
bald and Hrambald, largely tlirough the
French Rambaulf.v. under Rambau(l)t
and Rainbow'.

RAM pro N (Eng.) Bel. to Rampton rCambs ;
Notts), 13th cent. Rampton = 1 the Ram-
Enclosure [O.E. ram(m -^ tun]
2 Hr^m(n)'s Estate [v. under Rann(m']
The Camb. place was Ramtune in the
IfiQ- Com. Cantab.
RAMSAY, V. Ramsey.

RAMSBOTHAM'i (Etig.) Bel. to Ramsbottom

RAMSBOTHOM (Lanes) = the Ram's Val-

RAMSBOTTOM ley [the genit. of O.E.

RAMSBOTTON > ram(m, a ram -t- boim]

The ^orms of this name with -bothom,

-botham are frequently found in the i6th

cent., e.g. —

Richard Romesbothom. —

Lane. Fines, A:D. 1558.

RAMSBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Ramsbury (Wilts),.

loth cent. Rammesburh ('t6 Rammesburi')

= Ramm's Stronghold [the pers. name

is from O.E. ramm, a ram, genit. rammes

-H burh, a fortified place]

RAMSDEN (Eng.) Bel. to Ramsden = i the

Ram's Valley [the genit. of O.E. ram{m,

a ram + denu, a valley]

2 = Ram(m)'s Valley [the pers. name

from the animal-name, as above]

3 = HRffi;M(N)'s Valley [O.E. hrcem(n,

a raven]
One of the Essex Ramsdens was Ramm-
esden in,the 13th cent., as also was the Oxfd.
Ramsden. The Yorkshire place was
Romsdeyn in the 14th cent. The Hampshire
tything is variantly Ramsdean.

RAMSEY \ (Eng. and Scand.) Bel. to Ramsey

RAMSAY J = I Hram's or Hr^m(n)'s Island

or Waterside [the genit. of O.E. hreem(n,

a raven + ig, i(e)g, island, etc.]

2 Ram's Island or Waterside [the

genit. of O.E. ram(m, a ram]

3 R^m(m)'s Island or Watei^side [the
genit. of O.N. ram(m)-r, strong -f- ey, is-
land, etc.]

Ramss^ill

103

Rasen

9pocopal forms of Randolf. q.v.

Ramsey, Hunts, occurs in A.-Saxon

charters both as Rameseg and Hrameseg.

Ramsey, I.o.M., was anciently Ramsoe

[Dan.-Norw. 0, island]

Simon de Ramsey in Huntingdon settled
in Scotland in the 12th century.^

MacBain, Inverness Names, p. 71.

RAMSGILL \ (Scand.yBel. to Ramsgill = (the)

RAM SKILL J Ram's Ravine [ the genit. of

O.N. ramim)-r + git\

RANACRE(S (Eng.) Dweller at the Raven-
FiELlD(s fO.E. hrcefn,&rAvea+<Bcer, afield]

RANGE, Rand's (Son) ; v. Rand.

RAND, a contr. of Randolf, q.v.

RANDAL
RANDALL
RAN DELL
RANDLE
RANOOL

Randal the Refe. —
'TheTurnamentof Tottetoham," 22 ; Percy.

"They call me Jack when I'm abroad.

Sometimes they call me John ;

But when I'm in my father's bower

Jock Randal is my name. —

'The Bonny Hind,' 25-28 ; Child, yol. ii.

RANDLES, Randle's (Son) : v. Randle.

RAN DOLF 1 (Teut.) the O.L.Ger. Rand{w)ulf,

RANDOLPH O.N.Rondi2l/-r = Shield- Wolf

RANDULF rO.L.Ger. rand = O.H.Ger. rant

RANDULPH-' (mod. H.Ger. rand) = O.N. rond

= O.E- rand, the edge or the boss of a

shield, a shiel4 + O.L.Ger. wulf *=

O.H.Ger. wolf = O.N. Mf-r.= O.E. wulf,

wolf]
Randulfns.— Domesday-Book,

But I kan [know] rymes of Robyn Hood
And ifa«<fo(/"erl of Chestre.—

Piers Plowman, 3277-8.

RANDS, Rand's (Son) : v. Rand.

RAN FORD, V. RalnfOPd.

RANGER ( A.-Fr.-Lat. ) Forest or Park

Keeper [Fr. ranger, to range ; f. O.Teut.

hrittg, a ring, circle]

RANKEN, V. Rankin.

RANKILL (Scand.) the Domesday (Yorks)

Ranchil, Ravenchil, O.N. Hrafnketill =

Raven-Cauldron [O.N. hrafn, a raven

+ ketill, a kettle, (sacrificial) cauldron]

" Ramkel or Ravenkil ... would appear
to have been Thane of Bootle temp. Hen.
I."— Lane. Inq. i. 22.

RANKINi > i=Rand (q.v.) ) -ftheE.dim.suff.
RANKINEf 2= Rain(e (q.v.)f -Am [O.L.Ger. -k-

' ' in\

RANKING = Rankin (q.v.) with added -^.
RANNARD = Renard, q.v.

RANSCLIFF (Eng.) Bel. to Ranscliff = the

Raven's Cliff [the genit. of 0,E. hrtefn,

a raven + O.E. clifX

" Ranscliff, Rainscliff, or Ravenscliffe,"

StaSs.— Nat. Gaz.

RANSDALE (Eng. and Scand.)Bel. to Ravens-
dale ; or Dweller at Raven's Dale [the
genit. of O.E. hreefn = O.N. hrafn, a raven
(a common pers. name) -f O.E. dcel = ,
O.N. dal-r, a valley]

RANSFORD (Eng.) Dweller at I^aven's Ford

[the genit. ot O.E. hreefn = O.N. hrafn, a

I raven -|- O.E. /orrf]

RAN SLAW (Eng.) Dweller at Raven's Law
[the genit. of O.E.. krafn = O.N. hrafn, a
raven + O.E. klckw, a burial mound, hill]
Margareta de Ravenslawe. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

RANSLEY (Eng.) i Dweller at Raven's Lea
[the genit. of O.E. hrafn, a raven (a com-
mon pers. name) -f O.E. ledh"]
2 occ. confd. with Ranalaw, q.v.
RANSOM lf„-Do«=,,« nif

ransomeT "^"«°"' *'■''•

So E. ' ransom,' redemption, is f. M.fi.
ranso{u)n, Fr. ranfon.

RANSON I Rand's Son : v. Rand.

2 Rain(e)'s Son : v. Rain(e.

RANT, an unvoiced form of Rand, q.v.

RAPER (N.Eng.) Roper, Rope-Maker [M.E.
raper ; O.E, rdp = O.N. reip, a rope + the
agent, suff. -ere]
Wjllelmus Raper, raper. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. i3jg.

RAPHAEL (Heb.) Healed of Gob [Heb.
R'phaM — rdphd, to heal ; El, God]

RAPKIN = Ralph (q.v.) -\- the E. dim. suff.
-kin.

RAPKINS, Rapkin's (Son).

RAPSON, Ralph's Son : v. Ralph.

RASEN (Scand.) Bel. to Rasen (the name,
with qualifying prefixes, of several ad-
joining townships or hamlets in Lincoln-
shire), so called from the Rase Riyer
[O.N. rds, a watercourse, channel, race]
Robert de Rasen. —

Hand, Rolls (Lines).

Rashleigh

104

Rawdon

RASH LEIGH 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Rashleigh, Rash-
RASSLEIGH J ley, or Rasleigh (Devon), 16th
cent. Rashley= (proh.) Ra's (or the Roe's)
Lea [a late genit. of O.E. rd, m., a roe-
buck + ledh]
RASSELL, an assim. form of Rastall, q.v.

RASTALL ) (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the French Rastel,

RASTELL I app. a nickname or sign-name

from the RAKE [O.Fr. rastel (Ft. rdteau),

Lat. ra.steW-«wz, a rake, mattock]

Ralph Rastel.— ifMBd. Rolls.

RASTRICK (Scand.) Bel. to Rastrick (Yorks),

, / ff. 14th cent. Rastrike, Domesday Rastric
[doubtful : if the second element corres-
pond to the Swed. streke, a current, the
first element would prob. be the O.N. rd,

a roe]

RATCLIFF 1

RATCLIFFE Uor Racloliff(e, q.v.

RATLIFFE J

RATHBONE"! found in i4th-cent. Cheshire
RATHBUN, i Tecoids as' Rathebon, does not
seem to be English, If the original
bearers of the name came from Ireland it
answers to the Irish Rathbane, Rathbaun
= 'White Fort' [Ir. rath, a fort ; also palace
+ bdn, white]. If from Wales (as seems
more likely), the name prob. means the
' Stumpy Clearing or Plain ' [Wei. rhath,
a cleared spot, plain (conn, with Ir. rath)
H- Wei. bon, a stock, stump, stem (conn,
with Ir. and Gael, bonn, a foundation,
base] andis apparently aUied to'Ratisbon.'

RATHBORNE i for Rathbone, q.v.
2 for Rad borne, q.v.

RATH M ELL (Scand.) Bel. to Rathmell (Yorks),

14th cent. Rauthmell, Domesday Rodemele

= the Red Sandhill or Sandbank

(Rathmell is on the R. Ribble) [O.N.

rau^-r, red -f- mel-r']

RATTRAY ^(Celt.) Bel. to Rattray (Perth-
RATTRY J shire^, 13th cent. Rathgriff [prob.
O.Gael, rath, a fortress (there are traces
of an old castle at Rattray) -|-?Gael. riabh-
ach, grey (Ir. riabhach yields -ry in place-
names]
There is also a Rattray in Aberdeenshire;
and Rattery in Devonshire.

RAVELEY (Eng.) Bel. to Raveley (Hunts), 13th
cent. Ravele [O.E. ledh, a lea : the first
element is app. a contraction of the
A.-Scand. pers. name Hr(^f- or Rcefcytel,
occurring in Domesday-Book as Ravechil
and Ravechetel, i.e. ' Raven- Kettle.'

RAVEN (Eng. and Scand.) an ancient English
and Scandinavian pers. name ; a nick-
name and sign-name from the Raven
[O.E. hreefn = O.N. hrctfti]

The name occurs in the form Ravan in
'The Oldest-Known List of Scandinavian
Names' (Yorks, loth cent.) — Saga-Book
of the Viking Club, Jan. 1906, p. 296.

The raven was the Danes' national
emblem.

Among the spoil taken by the Saxons
was the famous banner of the Raven, said
to have been woven in one day by the
sisters of Inguar and Ubba, and to have
possessed the property of appearing be-
fore every battle flying Uke a living bird
if the Danes were to be victorious; while
in the contrary event ithung down motion-
less. — Lappenberg-Thorpe, A.-Sax. Kings,
ii. 62 ; ad. from Asser, a.d. 878.

RAVEN HILL (Eng.) i Dweller at the Raven-
Hill [O.E. hreefn, a raven -|- hyll\
Ravenhill: several places of this name in
the vicinity of Whitby, North Riding
Yorks, so named from having been the
site of the Danish standard, or Raefen,
during the invasions of Inguar and Ubba
in the 9th century. — Nat. Gas.

1 do not know on what authority the
National Gazetteer made this statement.

(occ.) 2 for Ravenkill : v. under Ranklll.

RAVENS, Raven's (Soli) : v. Raven.

RAVENSCROFT (Eng.) Dweller at Raven's
Croft [y. under Raven and Croft]

More specifically Ravenscroft in Che-
shire, in the 14th cent. Ravenscrofte.

RAVEN SHAW (Eng.) Dweller at the Raven-
Wood [O.E. hrafn + sc{e)aga'\

RAVENSHEAR for Ravenshaw, q.v.

RAW "I I = Roe, q.v. [Dan.-Norw. raa (pron.

RAWE J raw), a roe]

Theraitf-bucke is the first yeare a kid. —

Retumefrom Parnassus. A.D. i6o6; T.Wright.

2 = Row(e, q.v.

3 a nickname for a boorish individual ;
also a simpleton (as in 'Johnny Raw')
[O.E. hredw = O.N. hrd-r, whence Dan.-
Norw. raa, raw]

RAWBONE ( '^°™^ °^ Rathbone, q.v.

RAWCLIFFE (Scand.) Bel. to Rawcliffe = the
Red Cliff [O.N. rau1S-r, red -|- klif]

The Lancashire Rawcliffe was Routhe-
clif and Routheclive in the 13th cent. ; one
of the Yorks Rawcliffes was Rouclyff in
the J4th cent.

RAWDON (Eng.) Bel. to Rawdon (Yorks),

14th cent. Rawdon = the Roe-Hill [O.E.

rd = O.N. rd, a roe -1- O.E. dtin, a hill]

Rawes

105

Reade

RAWES, Rawe's (Son) : v. Raw(e.

RAWKIN, a form of Ralph (q.v.) + the E.
dim. sjuif. -kin.

RAWKINS, Rawkin's (Son) : v. Rawkin.

RAWLAND = Rowland, q.v.

RAWLE, a fonn of Ralph, q.v. [Fr. Ra0ul\

RAWLENCE for Rawlins, q.v.

RAWLES, Rawle's (Son) ; v. Rawle.

RAWLEY = Raleigh, q.v.

RAWLIN = Rawl(e), q.v. + the Fr. dim. -in

[Fr. Raoulin\

RAWLING = Rawlfn (q.v.) with added -g.

RAWLINGS for Rawlins, q.v.

RAWLINS, Rawlin's (Son) 1
RAWLINSON, Rawlin's Son/^- «awiin.

There sepms to have been some little
confusion with Rowlands and Rowland-
son.

RAWNSLEY, a var. of Ransley, q.v.

RAWORTH (Eng.) Dweller at the Roe-Enclo-
sure [OiE. rd, a roe -)- wor^, enclosure,

farm]

RAWS I Raw's (Son) ; v. Raw.

2 Rauf's (Ralph's) (Son) : v. Ralph.

RAWSON I Raw's Son : v. Raw.

2 Rauf's (Ralph's) Son: v. Ralph.

Willelmus Raufson. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

RAWSTHORN

RAWSTHORNE

RAWSTORN

RAWSTORNE

RAWSTRON

(Scand.) Bel. to Rostherne
( Chesh. ), A.D. 1349-50
Routhestom, a.d. 1323 - 4
Routhisthom = Rauth's
Thorn [the genit. of O.N.

rauV-r, red -\- ^om, thorn-tree]

RAY (Eng. and Scand.) apers. name, nickname,
and sign-name from the Roe [iVI.E. rayije,
ra, O.E. O.N. td, a roe]
Richard le Ray.— Hund. Rolls.
Undir the rise the ra dyd ryn.-^
, ' Tayis Bank,' 37.

(Sca,nd.) for Wray, q.v.
(Fr.-Lat.) King (a nickname or pageant-
name) fO.Fr. ray, rey, Lat. rex, regis, king]
(Celt.) Dweller at a Plain or Level
[Gael, (and Ir.) reidh \dh mute]
Cp. Rae.

RAYBOLD \ (Teut.) for the O.Teut. Ragin-

RAYBOULDJ 6flM, etc. [v. under Rainbird',

and -h O.Teut. bald, bold]

RAYDEN (Eng.) Dweller at the Roe-Valley
[v. under RayS and-|-O.E. denu, a valley]

Confused with Raydon.

RAYDON (Erig.) Bel. to Raydon ; or Dweller
at the Roe-Hill [v. under Ray S and -|-
P.E. dun, a hill]
Confused with Rayden.

RAYLEIGH (Eng^ Bel. to Rayleigh; or Dweller
at the Roe-Lea [v. under Ray', and -|-

O.E. UaK]
More specifically Rayleigh, or Raleigh,
Essex.

RAYMENT for Raymond, q.v.

RAYMOND (Teut.) Mighty or Godlike Pro-
tection [Fr. Raimond, O.Teat.Raginmund:
V. under Rainbird', and + O.Teut. mund,
' protection, hand]

RAYNBIRD = Rainbird, q.v.

RAYNE = Raine, q.v.

RAYNER \ (Teut.) Mighty or Godlike Army
RAYNOR / [O.N. Ragttar = O.L.Ger. Regin-
heri = A.-Sax. Regenhere [v. under Rain-
bird, and -1- O.N. -ar for -har, herr = O.E.
here = O.H.Ger. O.L.Ger. heri = Goth.
harji-s. army]
Regenhere (d. a.d. 617) was the name
of a son ot Rsedwald, king of East AngUa^
J Rainer-us is the common Domesday

form. J?ey««rand Rayner are 13th and 14th
cent, forms.

RAYNES = Raines, q.v.

RAYSON I Ray's Son: v. Ray.
2 for Rasen, q.v.

, REA (Celt.) I Grey [Ir. and Gael, ridbhach

(bh mute]
2 Dweller by the River Rea [prob;
Wei. rhe, rapid]
See Ree.

READ "1 (Eng.) i Red-H aired ; Red-Com-

READE J PLEXIONED [M.E. read(e, reed, rede,

reid, O.E. riad, red]

Roger le Rede.— ffM»rf. Rolls.

Willam Jie rede king [William Rufus].—

Rob. Glouc. Ckrott., 7249.

2 Bel. to Read (Lanes), 13th and 14th

cent. Reved [doubtful : the second element

may be for either M.E. hed{e, O.E. hedfod,

a head(land, or Dan.-Norw. hede, a heath ;

and the first may be the M.E. reve, O.E.

ge)rifa, a repve]

An ' Adam de Reveshad ' is a surety in

a Lane. Assize-Roll, a.d. 1246.

There has been some confusion with
Ridd, q.v.

Readdie

io6

Reddock

^i;J°CV'}= Ready, q.v.

READER (Eng.) i Reed-Worker, Thatcher

[M.K. rederie ; O.E. hrSod, a reed + the

agent, suff. -ere]

Emma le Redere. — Hund. Rolls.

Reders and thackers or thaxters (thatch-
ers) are commonly mentioned together in
the accounts of the mediaeval processions
of craftsmen.

a Lector ; Student [O.E. r&dere]

READEY = Ready, q.v.

READFORD = Redford, q.v.

READI NG (Eng.) Bel. to Reading, 9th and loth
cent. Reddingas = (the Estate of the)
ReAd- Family [O.E. redd, red + the pi.,
-ingas (dat, pi. -ingum), of the fil. suff. -ing]

H6r cu6m se here t6 Reddingum on
West Seaxe.
(In this year came the [Danish] army to
Reading in Wessex). —

A.-Sax. Chron., A.D. 871.

READMAN = Read' (q.v.) + man.

READSHAW = Redshaw, q.v.

READWIN (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Rckdwine =

Counsel-Friend [O.E. rckd, counsel +

wine, friend]

READY (Eng.) = Read • (q.v.) +the dim. suff. -y.

(Ir.) for the Irish O'Riada = Descen-
dant OF RiAD [Ir. d or ua, grandson,
descendant; and cp. Ir. riadh-dch, brownish,

brindled]

(Ir.-Teut.) a double dim. of Redmond,
q.v.

REAKES, a var. of Raikes, Rakes, q.v.

REAMS (Celt.) Bel. to R(h)eims (France),
anc. Remis, dat. pi. of the Belgic tribal
name Remi.

Hugo de Reymes.— Hund. Rolls.

Remi was the name of the leading Bel-
gic people, and it would seem to be of the
same origin as the Welsh rhwyf, a king,
Irish riam, before. —

Rhys, Celt. Brit., ed. 1908, p. 313.

REARDON = Riordan, q.v.
REASBECK, a var. of Ralsbeck, q.v.
REASON I Rea's Son : v. Rea.

2 a var, of fiayson and Rasen, q.v.

REAVY 1 (Celt:) Grey [Ir. and Gael, riabhach
REAY / (bh as v, and sometimes mute]

But the Caithness place-name Keay
(13th cent. Ra, i6th cent. Ray) is app. the
Gael, reidh (dh mute), ' a plain.'

REBBECK (Fr.-Teut.) One from Rebecq (Pas
de Calais) = the Roe-Brook [from Low
Ger., as seen in Dut. ree, a roe, hind, and
Dut. beek (O.Sax.beki, O.E. 6ecc), a stream]

RECKITT for Rickett, q.v.

RECORD I for Rickard, q.V-
2 for Rickwapd, q.v.

REDBOURN(E (Eng.) Bel. to Redbourn, Red-
bourne ; or Dweller at i the Reedy Brook
[O.E. Mod, a reed -|- bume, a brook]

2 the Red Brook [O.E. riad, red]

REDDALL (Eng.) t Dweller at the Red Hall
[O.E. r^ad, red + h(e)all, a hall]

2 for Reddell, q.v.

REDDAWAY for Redway, q.v.

REDDELL (Eng.) i Dweller at the Red Hill

[O.E. r^ad (M.E. rede, etc.), red + hyll

(M.E. hull(e, etc.), a hill]

Richard atte RedehuUe. —

Soms. Subsidy-Rdll, A.D. 1327.

2 Dweller at the Red Well [O.E. riad,

red -I- w(t)ella, a well, spring]

Reddell, Wore, was Radewette in the
13th cent.

3 for Reddall, q.v.

There has been some confusion with
Riddel(l, q.v.

REDDICK I Dweller at the Red Dike [O.E.

read + die]
(rarely) 2 for Riddock, q.v.

REDDIEl
REDDY J

Ready, q.v.

REDDING (Eng.) i Dweller at the Red Mea-
dow [O.E. riad, red -f O.N.E. ing, O.N.
eng, a meadow]

There is a Redding in Stirlingshire.

2 for Reading, q.v.

REDDISH (Eng.) Bel. to Reddish (Lanes),
13th cent. Reddich, Redich = the Reedy
Ditch [O.E. hriod, a reed + die, a ditch]
Confused with Redditch.

REDDITCH (Eng.) Bel. to Redditch (Wore),
A.D. 1300 Redediche. The local evidence
here points to the signification of Red
Ditch [O.E. r^ad, red + die, a ditch]

REDDOCK, v. Riddock.

Redfearn

107

Reeti

SErig.) Dweller among the Re;d
i"ERN(s fO.E. tSad + feami

been confusion with the

REDFEARN

REDFERN

REDFERNE

There has
next name.

REDFEN (Eng.) Bel. to Redfen (Warw.), 14th

cent. Wridefen = the Thicket-Fen [O.E.

wrid, a thicket + fenn, a fen]

Confused with the preceding name.

REDFORD (Eng.) Dweller at the Red Ford

[O.E. >-^ai+/ord]

A Riadford is mentioned (obliquely, 'on

r6adan ford') in a Somersetshire charter

A.D. 938.

Cp. Retford and Radford.

REDGRAVE U Eng. ) Dweller at the Red

REDGROVE / Grove [O.E. riad, red + grdf,

' 'a grovej

Redgrave, Suffolk, was spelt the same

in the 14th cent.

REDHEAD (Eng.) i Red Head [O.E. r^rf, red
+ hiafod, a head]
John Redheved. — Hund. Rolls.

2 Dweller at the Red HEAD(land [same
etymology]
Redhead is the name of a promontory
in Forfarshire.

REDHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller attheRED House
[O.E. riad + h,As\

REDLEY (Eng.) Dweller at the Red Lea [O.E.
read, red + Uah (M.E. ley), a meadow]

Cp. Radley.

Roger de Redlee. — Himd. Rolls.

REDMAN (Eng.) Red Man [O.E. riad, red +

man\
Cp. Blackman.

2 the A.-Sax Rdbdman — CbUNCiL-MAN

[O.E. rAd, council, counsel + man\

3 Horseman [O.E. rdideman(^n\

There has been confusion with Red-
mayne and Redmond.

REDMAYNE \ (Eng.) t Bel. to Redmain
REDMAIN' I (Cumb.), 13th cent. RM{e)man,
also Rydeman.

This may be a pers. name with a local
suffix dropped ; or the name may be due
to some natural fekture, as a rock, re-
sembling a man.

(rarely) 2 the A.-Sax. RAdntcegen —

Counsel-Strength [O.E. rded, counsel

+ mcegen, might]

Confused with Rednnan.

REDMILL "1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Red Mill

REDMILEJ [O.E. riad + mylnj

REDMOND 1 (Teut.) the A.-Sax. Rckdmund,

RED MONDE i O.Ger. Rddmund = Counsel-

REDMUND I Pr;otection [O.E. rdd =

O.Sax. rdd = O.H.Ger. rdt = O.N. rdV,

counsel, advice+O.E. O.Sax. O.N. mund=

O.H.Ger. mmt (Ger. mund), hand, protect

tion]
Occ. confused with Redman, q.v.

REDPATH \ (Eng.) Dweller at a Red Path
REDPETH ; [OiE. riad + />««]

More specifically, Redpath, Berwick,
and Redpeth, Northuniberland.

REDSHAW (Eng.) Dweller at the Red Wood
[O.E. f'iad, red -1- sc{e)aga (M.E. shaw{e), a

W00(^]

There is a Redshaw (Hall) in Yorkshire.

REDWAY (Eng.) Dweller at the Red Road
[O.E, riad + weg\

REDWOOD (Eng.) Dweller at the Red Wood
[O.E. riad -f- w«rf»]
John de Redewode. —

Testa de Neuill, 13th cent.

REE I Dweller by a Stream or Channel
[Dial. E. and Scot, ree : prob. Dial. Fr, rieu
(O.Fr. riu, Fr. ru), a stream, gutter— L.L.at.
nu-{ii)s, Lat. riv-us, a stream, channel ; but
not imposs. a weak form of O.E. ri^e, a

rivulet]
2 Dweller at a (Walled) Animal-En-
CLOsuiiE [Dial. E. and Scot, ree, a walled
or bahked enclosure for sheep, etc. : perh.
f. the N.Fr. rie, a bank ; app. a weak deriv.
of Lat. ripa, a bank:, hardly f. the Fr. local
,riez (L.Lat. riesa), waste or uncultivated

land]
Philip ad Res.— Hund. Rolls.

See Rea and Rye.
REECE, an Anglicized form of Rhys, q.v.

REED = Read, q.v.

Hir mouth ful smal and ther to softe
and r^erf.— Chaucer, Ca«/. Tales, A 153.

REEDER = Reader, q.v.

REEDY = Ready, q.v.

REEK, a Scot. dim. of Rtckard, Richard, q.v.

REEKIE, a Scot, double dim. of Rickard,
Richard, q.v. [E. dim. buff, -ie, -y]

REEKS, Reek's (Son) : v. Reek.

REEN (Celt;) Dweller at k Point of Land,

Promontory [Gael. r(o)inn = Ir. rinn

(O.Ir. nnd) == Wei. rhyn}

io8

Rees

rIeIe } Anglicized forms of Rhys, q.v.

Cp. Reece, Rice.
REESON I Rees's Son : v. Rees.

2 V. Reason.

REEVE (Eng.) Steward, Bailiff [M.E. reve,
refe, etc. ; O.E. ge)rdfa\

John le Reve. — Hund. Rolls.

The reve was a sclendre colerik man . . .

Wei koude he kepe a garner and a
bynne ...

In youthe he lerned hadde a good
myster [trade] ;

He was a wel good wrighte, a carpenter.
—Chaucer, Cant Tales,Vro\. 587, 593, 613-4.

'What is thy name, ffellow, by thy
leave ' ?

' Marry,' quoth hee, ' lohn the Reeve.' —
John the Reeve, 133-4.

See also the quotations under Procter
and Perkin (third).

REEVELL = Revell, q.v.

REEVES, (the) Reeve's (Son) \ „ .
REEVESON, (the) Reeve's Son J ''• «eeve.
Thoinas le Revesone.^-

Chesh. Chmbrlns.' Accts., A.D. 1303-4.

REEVEY = Reavy, q.v.

REFFELL, a form of Raphael, q.v.

REFFITT, a var. of Raffltt, q.v.

REGAN (Celt.) Kinglet [Ir. Riagdn—rUa king
+ the double dim. suff. -g-dn]

REGINALD (Teut.) the O.Teut. Reginwald,
Raginwald (Mod. Ger. R^in{w)ald), Regen-
w{e)ald, etc. = Mighty or Godlike Power
fv. under Rainbird, and -|- O.Sax.^OaiaW
= O.H.Ger. gtjwalt = O.E. ge)w(e)ald =■
O.N. uald, power, might]

Regenwald, Reginwald, or Reginald, was
the name of a Northumbrian king men-
tioned, e.g., by Simeon of Durham under
A.D. 912.

Dr. Kleinpaul (' Die Deutschen Per-
sonennamen,' 1909), who imagines that
the German Reinhold is from Reinwald (I),
goes (p. 39) with somewhat superfluous
detail into the signification of the latter
name—

Reinwald beruht wieder auf Reginviald,
und ist ein Name fiir einen fahigen, mit
Klugheit seines Amtes waltenden Ge-
meindevorstand.

Cp. Reynold.

Renacres

REGISTER 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) for Registrar [f.

REGESTERJ O.Fr. registre, a record,. L.Lat.

registr-um ; Lat. regerere, sup. regestum, to

carry back]

REID, the Scot, form of Read', q.v.
Reid Kit— ColkeBie Sow, 171.
... hehadnathingonhisheidbotsyde
[low-hanging] >«■(? yallow hair. —

Lindsay, Hist, and Cron. Scotl. ('Ane

Mirakill Sen").

Why rins thy stream, O Yarrow, Yarrow,

reid [with blood] ?

' The Braes of Yarrow,' 25: Percy's Reliques.

REIDPATH, a North, form of Red path, q.v.

REIDY, a var. of Ready, q.v.

REIGATE (Eng.)' Bel. to Reigate, 13th and
14th cent. Reygate = the Ridge-Gate
[O.E. hrycg, a ridge -t- geat, a gate, open-
ing]

John de Rtygate.— Pipe-Roll, A.D. 1261.

REILLEY^
REILLY
REILY
RELLY

for O'Reilly, q.v.

RELF

RELFE

RELPH

for Ralf, Ralph (q.v.), through the
■ pron. Rdlf, Ralph.

REMBLANT, a lallated form of Rembrand(t,
q.v.

REMBRAND ) (Teut.) the O.Teut. Renbrand,

REMBRANT \Reginbrand, etc. = Mighty or

REMBRANDT' Godlike Brand [v. under

Rainbird, and -1- O.Teut. brand, brant, i

sword, firebrand]

Renbrand occurs in Heyne's List of 9th-
iith cent. Old Low German Proper
Names.

REMER for Rimer, q.v.

REM FRY for Renfrey, q.v.

REMINGTON "I (Eng.) Bel. to Rimington
REMMINGTON / (Yorks), 14th cent. Rymyng-
ton, Remyngtonjapp. the Domesday Reni-
tone) = the Estate of the Hrkmm
Family [A.-Sax. *Hremminga-tun — hremm,
a raven -1- -inga, genit. pi', of the fil. suff.
-ing -t- tun, estate, manor, etc.]

REMNANT, prob. a corrupt form ol Rem-
brant, q.v.

RENACRES, v. Ranacres.

Renard

109

Renwick

RENARD (Teut. and Fr.-Teut.) the O.Teut.
Renhard,, Reginhard, Reginhart (whence
Fr. Regnard, Regnart, Renard), Reg{e)n-
h(e)ard, etc. = Mightily Firm or Brave
[v. under Rainbird, and + O.L.Ger. hard
= O.H.Ger. hart = O.E. h{e)ard = O.N.
har^r, hard, firm, brave]

We find this term in 'Be6wulf,' 1. 657—

rondas regn-hearde
(shield-bosses extremely hard).

(Fr.-Teut.) a nickname from the Fox
[Fr. renard, a fox : etymology as above]

RENAUD
RENAULD
RENAULT
RENAUT

(A.-Fr.-Teut.) the O.Teut. Regin-
wald, Reginwalt, etc.: v. Reynold,
Reginald.

John Renaud. —

Soms. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. 1327.

Richard fll. Renaut. — Testa de Nevill

RENDALL\ i for Randall, Randell, Randle
REN DEL I (q.v.), through the pron. Ran-.

RPMnpF*"! ('^^'■e'y) 2 Bel. to Rendall, Ork-

RENDLE jjgy^ form. 5e««aJa/ [first element

doubtful : cp. O.N. renna, a run, course ;

or perh. Renna is the genit. of a name

like Renni or Rein{n)i ; and + O.N. dal-r,

a dale, valley]

RENDER l (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Renderer; Fat-
RENDRERJ Melter [f. Fr. rendre, Lat. red-

dere, to render]
Johannes Rendrour. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

The process of making lard and candles
is called rendering : Line. —

T. Wright, ZJjrf. Prov. Eng., p. 793.

RENDFREY
RENFREE

I = Renfrey, q.v.

RENFREW (Celt.) Bel. to Renfrew, 12th cent.

Reinfrew, Renfrew, Renfriu [perh. f. the

old forms of WeL rhin, a channel, and

ffrew, stillness]

RENFREY (Teut.) the O.Teut. Reinfrid, Regin-
frid, etc. = Mighty or Godlike Peace
[v. under Rainbird, and -|- O.H.Ger. /r!rf«
= O.Sax. /n1S«=O.E. friSu^O.^. friS-r,

peace]
(Celt.) for Renfrew, q.v.

rInNISON } ' RONNIE'S Son : v. Rennle.

2 occ. for Reynerson. q.v.
RENKIN = Rankin, q,v.

RlNSER}=R^y"«''''l-'- -
RENNARD = Renard, q.v.

REN N ELDS = Reynolds, q.v.
RENNELL tor Reynold, q.v.

plllJj^lLs^jforRennelds, Reynolds, q.v.

RENNICK for Renwick, q.v.

RENNIE, a North, double dim. of fieynold,
Reginald, q.v. [E. dim. suff. -ie]

RENSHALL for Renshaw, q.v.

RENSHAW (Eng.) Dweller at the Raven-
Wood or Raven's Wood [O.E. hrafn, a
raven + sc{e)ag(f, a wood]

Stephen de Ravenshagh. —

Lane. Fines, A.D. 1342.

Richard Raynshaw. —

Lane. Fines, A.D. 1556.

John Rainshaw. —

Wills at Chester, A.D. 1647.

John Ravenshaw. — do. A.D. 1673.
Richard Renshaw. — do. A.D. i68o.
There is a Renishaw near Chesterfield,
Derbyshire.

RENTELL i for Rendell, q.v.
2 for Rentoul, q.v.

RENTON (Eng.) Bel. to i Renton (Berwick),
A.D. 1098 Reguintun, c. 1200 Reningtona
and Regnintun. There is evidently u-n
confusion in these forms cited by the Rev.
J. B. Johnston ; and definiteness as to the
origin of the first element is precluded.

2 Ranton (Staffs) (through pron. Ran-),
1 3th cent. Raunton, Ronton, Domesday Ran-
tone [the first element is prob. the genit;,
ran, of O.E. rd, a roe(-buck) ; less hkely for
O.E. rand, a. margin, edge: — + O.E. tun,

estate, etc.]

3 Rendon (? where); The place-names
Renedon and Reyndon iound in the Hun-
dred-Rolls, and the occurrence of Randiin
(app. ' Ra's Hill ' — O.E. rdn, genit. of rd, a
roe + diin, a hill) in gth-cent. Southern
charters, show that in some cases 'Renton'
must be for ' Rendon' (cp. Repton).

Renton, Dumbartonshire, is a modern
borrowed name.

RENTOUL (Celt.) Dwelleir at the North

Point [Gael. rlp)inn, a point, peninsula -|-

tuath-al (th mute), north]

RENWICK (Eng.) Bel. to Renwick (Cumb.)

[O.E. w(c, a place: the first element is

uncertain — on the analogy of Renshaw

it may be for the O.E. pers. name Hrcefn

= O.N. Hrafn, Raven]

Repington

iro

Rhodes

REPINGTON \ (Eng;) Bel. to Reptoii (Derby-
REPTON J shire), 13th cent. Repindoii, the
A.-Sax. HrSpa(n)Mn, Hrdopa{n)diin =
Hr^opa's or Hrypa's Hill [O.E. dAn, a
hill: the pers. name Hr^pa or Hr4opq. (genit.
Hrfpan-, Hr^opan-) is an ancient one
(flifji^occurs among theWoden-descended
ancestors of the East Anglian kings) and
is prob. from O.E. hrdpan (pret. hriop-), to

shout]

rIsTELL } ^°^ Rastall, Rastell, q.v.
RESTON (Etfg.) Bel. to Reston = the Brush-
wood-Enclosure [O.K.hris{= O.N.hrts),
brushwood + tiin, enclosure, farm]
Reston, Berwick, was Ristun end of 1 1 th
cent. Reston, Lines, was Riston in the 13th
cent. Reston, Westmd., may be 'Ra's
(Rop's) Farm.'
Cp. Riston.
RETFORD (Erig.) Bel. to Retford (Notts), the
Domesday Redeford = the Red Ford
[O.E. read, red + ford'\
REUBEN (Heb. ) Behold a Son [Heb.
Kubhin — r'A, vision ; bin, a son]
REUTER (Teut.-Lat.) Horseman, Trooper
[the Mod. High Ger. Reuter is from the
homophonous Dut. ruiter, L.Lat. ruptari-us
— rupta, a troop: iJeMfer, however, occurs
also in M.E. records]
Cp. Ruttep.
REVELEY (Eng.) Bel. to Reaveley (Northumb.),
anc. Reveley = the Reeve's Lea [v. under
Reeve, and + M.E. ley, O.E. ledh, a

meadow]

REVELL (Fr.-Lat.) the French Revel =

1 Grey, Tawny [f. Lat. rav-us, with Fr.

dim. suff. -ei, Lat. -ell-us]

2 Pride, Joy [O.Fr. revel; f. Lat. re-

hellare, to rebel]
But the Southern French geographical
name Revel is a dim. f. Lat. riv-us, a
brook : Montrevel, Jura, e.g. was Mons
Rivelli in Latin.
Revel.— Hawrf. Rolls.
Cp. Revill.

REVILL (Fr.-Lat.) i Bel. to R6ville (Normandy)
= the Royal Manor [Lat. regia villa\
2 for Revel I, q.v.

REW (Eng.) Dweller in a Row [M.E. rewe,

O.E. rdew]
Adam atte Rewe. —

Subsidy-Roll, Soms., A.D. 1327.

And leet icoraande anon to hakke and
hewe

The okes plde, and leye hem on a
rewe. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 2865r6.

(Fr.-Lat.) for i the French De la Rue =
Of the Street [Fr, rue, a street ; like

O.Ital. ruga, f. Lat. rw^-a, a wrinkle, ridge]

Usque ad locum qui vocatur Tudella,
in ruga ejusdera S- Germani. —

Charter, A.D. 1 165 ; Brachet.

2 the French Delru, Delrieu = Of the

Brooklet [Fr. ru, O.Fr. riu, t. L.Lat.

riu-s for Lat. riv-us, a watercourse]

REWES, genit., and pi., of Rew (Eng.), q.v.

REX (Lat.) King . [Lat. rex]

John 'Rex.—Hund. Rolls.

(Teut.) for Ricks, q.v.

REX(S)TREW for Raokstraw, q.v.

REY (Eng. and Scand.) for Ray, q.v.

(Fr.-Lat.) King [O.Fr. rey, rei (^mod.
roi), Lat. reg-em, ace. of rex, a king]

REYBOLD, v. Raybold.

REYBURN, V. Raeburn.

REYNALDS, v. the commoner form Reynolds.

REYNARD, v. Renard.

REYNELL tor ReynQld, q.v.

REYNER, V. Rayner.

REYNERSON, Reyner's Son.

REYNOLD, a vocalized form of Reginald, q.v. :
rarely is the second element of Reynold
for O.Teut. hold, gracious, faithful, loyal.

Rainald-usis a common Domesday form;
and it is also found in the i^tii-Cent.
Yorkshire Poll-Tax. Reynold and Reynold
are Hundred - Rolls spellings. French
forms are Regnauld, Regnault, Rettaud, etc.;
Renaud being the usual form of the
christian name.

Rainalde [variantly Reynold] .the Reve,

of Rotland sokene [Rutland jurisdiction]. —

Piers Plowman, ii. no.

REYNOLDS, Reynold's (Son) 1 p„„„„,^
REYNOLDSON, RfeYNOLD's,SoN J ^- "eynoia

RHEAD for Read, q.v.

RHIND (Celt.) Bel. to Rhind or Rhynd /Perth-
shire) = the Point (of Land) [O.Gael.,
and O.Ir. mrf(mod. Gael. »-(o)««h), a point,
peninsula = Wei. rhyn, a cape]
"The village of Rhynd ... is situated
on a point at the confluence of the Rivers
Tay and Earn."— ./Va*. Gaz.

RHOADS for Roads, q.v.

RHODEN for Roden, q.v.

RHODES for Rodes, qv.

Ill

Rhydderch

Riches

RHYDDERCH, v. under P-rothero; but the
name is rather from Wei. rhy-, 'super-,'
and derch, ' ex^alted,'
Ryderch escob [bishop]. —

Brut y Tywysogion, A.D. 962.
This name was used as a Welsh equi-
valent of Roderick, q.v.
RHYDER for Rider, q.v-
RHYS fCelt.) Ardour [Wei. rhfs, ardency, a
rusn — rh^su, to rush ; and cp. rhfs-wr—
(g)wr, a man — a combatant, savage]
Rys ab Owein. —

Bruty Tywysogion, A.D. 1073.
Rys ieuanc [young] ab Gruffud. —

Bruty Tywysogiotti A.D. 1202.
RIBALD (Teut.), the Dopiesday Ribald-us, re-
presents the O.Teut. Rikbald, Ric{h)bald=
Powerfully BoLb [O.Sax. Wfa' = O.N.
rllM" = O.H.Ger. richi, rlhhi = Goth, reik-s
= O.E. rice, powerful, mighty (Teut. base
*rik; ruler) + O.Teut. bald, bold]
Ribald-US. — Hund. Rolls.
RIBBLE I for Ribald, q.v.

2 Dweller by the River Ribble, 12th
cent. Ribbel, in Domesday-Book Ribel- (in
Ribel-castre, Ribchester) [We do not know
what the Celtic name of the Ribble was.
The earliest recorded uncompounded form
of the name is the Domesday Ripa ('Inter
' Ripam et Mersham '), which is app. in-
tended for the Lat. ripa, a river-bank.
' Ribble ' may, in fact, represent Lat.
^ rivell-us, a dim. € riv-us, a stream, brook
(mutation from v to b is regular : cp.
Besan^on from Vesontion-em), but the size
of the Ribble is an argument against this
derivation. The' only point upon which
we can speak with more or less certainty
is that the name contains the Euraryan
root ri, to flow, and is basically conn,
with, e.g., Wei. rhe, a swift motion, Gr.
rhSB (Ma), to flow, run, gush ; and 'Rhine'
and 'Rhone '] ^

RIBCHESTER. Bel. to Ribchester (N.Lancs), '
I2th cent. Ribbecestre, Domesday Ribel-
castre = the (Roman) Camp on the Ribble
[v. under Ribble, and -|- O.E. ceaster, Lat.

castra^

RIBSTON (Eng.) Bel. to Ribston (W. Yorks),

14th cent. Ribstane, 13th cent. Ribstan,

Domesday Ripestan = Hryp's Stone

(House or Monument) [O.E. stdti]

RICARD (Teut. and Fr.-Teut.) = Richard, q.v.
Richard IL, Duke of Normandy, is
called Ricard (' t6 Ricardes rice ') in the
A.-Saxon Chronicle, a.d. iooo. Ricardes
occurs in Domesday Book. Ricard is
fairly common in 13th atid 14th cent.
English records. In France, Ricard is not
nearly so common as Richard; and Ricart,
again, occurs much less frequently than
Ricard.

RICARDS,RiCARD's(Son);v. Ricard, Richard.
RICCARD, v. Ricard, Richard.
RICE, an Anglicized form of Rhys, q.v.
' Cp. Reece, Rees(e.

In the i6th-cent. Registers of Oxford
, Univ. the same Welsh student is called
indifferently- Rice and Rise Powell.

RICH (Teut. and Fr.-Teut.) i Wealthy,

Powerful, Mighty [M.E. riche, ryche,

O.E. rice; also O.Fr. riche from O.H.Ger.

rihhi (mod. reicKl

Hugo le Ryche.— f/M»d. Rolls.

2 (later) 9 dim. of Richard, q.v.

RICHARD (Teut. and Fr.-Teut.) Powerfully
Brave [O.Teut. Richard, Rikhard, etc.— '
O.E. rice (mod. rich) = 0.ll.GeT. richi, rihhi
(mod. reich) = O.Sax. riki = Dut. rijk
= Goth, reik-s = O.N. rik-r, powerful,
rich + O.E. h(e)ard = O.H.Ger. hart =
O.Sax. hard = Dut. hard = Goth, hardu-s
= O.N. har'S-r, hard, brave, firfti]

The great popularity of this name ipay
be said to have begun with Rlc(e)hard,
that son of H16Shere, the 7th-cent. king of
Kent, who became a monk at Lucca,

Richard is an extremely common name
in France, where it is a synonym for a
man of wealth (' un richard') and where it
also occurs with the diminutive sufBxes
-eau (-el), -et, -ot, -on, -in.

Cp. Ricard.

RICHARDS, Richard's (Son) \
RICHARDSON, Richard's Son K '

Richard.

RICHART, a French form of Richard, q.v.

RICH BELL, an orig. fem. name of French

origin found in our I3th-i4th cent, records

as Richebelle, Richebele = Richly Fair

[v. Rich, and -f- O.Fr. bel(l)e, Lat. bella ((.),

pretty, fair]

RICHER (Teut. and Fr.-Teut.), Mighty Army

[O.Teut. Richer, Richere, Richeri, etc. :

v. under Rich, and -j- O.E. here =

O.H.Ger. O.Sax. heri = Goth, hatji-s =

O.N. herr, army]

Ricer-us, Richer-us. — Domesday-Book.

Ranulf Richer.— Hund. Rolls.

This name has largely merged into
Richard.

Cp. RIcker.

RICHERS, Richer's (Son) : v. Richer.

RICHERT, a Belgian (Flemish) form of
Richard, q.v.

RICHES I Rich's (Son) : v. Rich.

2 for Richersi q.v.

112

Richey

Rickson

RICHEY \= Rich (q.v.) + the E. dim. suff.
RICHIE ]-ey,-ie.

RICHIN = Rich (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. sufl.-i»

[Lat. -in-us\

Exceptionally, Richin has another origin,
for Foulques, Count of Anjou, was sur-
named Richin or Rechin [O.Fr. rechin, rude,
rough ; f. reche, M.H.Ger. resche, roesche,
O.H.Ger. r6sc{i, sharp, active, hasty] " a
cause de son humeur rude et aspre "
(Larchey, pp. 405, 412).

RICHING = Richin (q.v.) with added E. -g.

RICHINGS, Riching's (Son).

RICHIVIAN = Rich (q.v.) + man.

Richeman fil. John. — Hund. Rolls.
Confused with Richmond, q.v.

RICHMOND (Fr.-Teut. + Lat.) Bel. to Rich-
mond (Yorks), also Richemont (Normandy)
= the Splendid or Mighty (Castle-)
Mount [Fr.nc^.O.H.Ger.^fPi (M.H.Ger.
riche, mod. retch) + 7r. mont, Lat. mans,

mont-is]
Johannes de Richemond. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

Richmond, Surrey, still sometimes re-
ferred to as West Sheen, owes its present
name to Heniy VII, who "willed it to be
hereafter called after his own title. " It is
the A.-Sax. Sceon [O.E. sc^on, beautiful,

fair]

(Teut.) the O.Teut. pers. name Rlcmund,
Richmund = Rich or Mighty Protector
[O.E. rice = O.H.Ger. rlhhi (M.H.Ger.
riche) + O.E. mund = O.H.Ger. munt
(O.Sax. and O.N. mund), hand, protection,

protector]

Confused with Rich man, q.v.

RICK (Teut.) I Wealthy, Powerful, Mighty

[O.L.Ger. riki = O.E. ric- = O.N. rik-r =

Goth, reik-s]

2 a dim. of Rickard, Rickwapd, &c., q.v.

We also find one occurrence of the
A.-Sax. word rica [=Goth. reik-s], 'ruler',
as a pers. name.

Cp. Rich.
RICKARBY}Y-R''"<«-»'y.

RICKARD = Rlcard, Richard, q.v.
RICKARDS, Rickard's (Son).
RICKARDSON, Rickard's Son.

RICKART, an Anglicized (or rather American-
ized)form of the DntchRijkaart^ Rickard,
Richard, q.v.

RICKARTS, Rickart's (Son).
RICKARTSON, Rickart'S Son.

RICKATSON, I for Rickartson, q.v.
2 for Ricketson, q.v.

RiCKER (Teut.) Mighty Army • [O.Teut.

Rikheri, Richere, etc. : v. under Rick, and

+ O.L.Ger. heri = O.E. here = O.N. herr

' = Goth, harji-s, army]

The mod. French form is Riquer.

Cp. Richer.

RICKERBY (Scand. or Fr.-Teut. -f- Scand.)

Bel. to Rickerby (Cumb.), 13th cent.

Ricardeby — Ricard's or Rikhard's

Estate [v. Ricard, Richard, and +

O.N. b$-r, estate, farmstead]

RICKERSON I Ricker's Son: v. Rioker.

2 exceptionally for Rickertson,
Rickardson, q.v.

RICKERT, an Anglicized (American) form of
the Dutch Rijkert = Rickard, Richard,
q.v.

RICKERTS, Rickert's (Son).

RICKERTSON, Rickert's Son.

RICKET \ = RIok (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. suff.
RICKETT J -et.

, The mod. French form of this name is
Riquet.

RICKETS
RICKETTS

j Ricket(t)'s (Son).

RICKETSON, Ricket's Son.
RICKMAN (Teut.) = Rick (q.v.) + man.

John fil. Rikeman.— /f«Mrf. Rolls.

Cp. Richman.

It has often been stated that an A.-Sax.
pers. name Ricman is found in the Herts
place-name Rickmansworth ; but as this
place was formerly Richmereswearth and
Rykemereswearth, the pers. name involved
is, of course, the A.-Sax. Ricmobr =
Mightily Famous [O.E. ric-, mighty, rich
-I- mckre, famous, glorious]

RICKON = Riok (q.v.) -(- the Fr. dim. suff.
-on.

Riquon is now somewhat rare in France.

RICKS, Rick's (Son) 1 „. ,
RICKSON, Rick's Son /'■ '*'•''*•

Rickward

"3

Ridley

RICKWARD (Teut.) Rich or Powerful
Guardian [O.Teut. Rthtuard, Ricward,
etc. : V. unfier Rick, and + O.L.Ger.
ward = O.E. w(e)ard =t O.H.Ger. wart =
Goth, wards = O.N. uorjp-r, guardian,

protector]

RICKWOOD for Riokward, q.v.

The nairie, despite its appearance, does
not seem to be local.

RIDD (Eng.) I Rider, Trooper [O.E ridda]
Ridda was the naine of a thane of the
Mercian king Offa.
2 conf. with Read, q.v.
(Celt.) Dweller at a Ford [Wei. rhyd,

a ford]

olSS^K ) (Eng.) I the A.-Sax. peirs. name
S SS^. hJftfe'^e' [O.E. rckd, counsel, advice
nlooltj +thedim.suff.-./]

2 the A.-Sax., pers. name Wrckdel [O.E.
wrckd or wrck^, a band, wreath' {wr{j>an, to
bind) + the dim. suff. -el: cp. Ridliugton]

3 for Reddall, Reddell, q.v.

RIDDER = Rider, q.v.

RIDDICK, V. Riddock.

RIDDING (Eng.) i Dweller at the Clearing

[O.E. hryding]
2 for Redding, q.v.

RIDDINGS, pi., and genit., of Ridding.

RIDDINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wrightington
(Lanes), 13th cent. Wrichtington^ Wrightin-
ton = the Estate of the Wyrhta
Family [A.-Sax. *Wyrhtinga-tAn— ^wyrhta,
a Wright, worker -)- -inga, genit. pi. of the
fil. suff. -ing + ttln, estate, etc.] '

RIDDLE, V. Riddel(l.

RIDDLER (EngO SiFTER (of grain, etc.) [O.E.
hriddel, a riddle, sieve + the agent, suff.

-ere]

RIDDLESDEN (Eng.) Bel. to Riddlesden

(Yorks), the Domesday Redelesden =

Rebel's (or Wr^del's) Valley [v. under

Riddel(l >, », and + O.E. denu, a valley]

RIDDLESWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Riddles-
worth (Norf.), 13th and 14th cent. Redeles-
worth = Ridel's (or WriEdel's) Estate
[v. under Riddel(l\», and + O.E. w{e)orh
estate, farm, enclosure]
RIDDOCH (Celt.) Bel. to Redddch (Lanark)
[doubtful : poss. Gael, reidh. (O.Ir. riid),
smooth -f achadh, a field]
RIDDOCK (Celt.) for Riddooh, q.v.
(Eng.) a var. of Ruddock, q.v.

RIDEAL, an Irish form of Riddell, q.v. [the

form is due to Ir. (and Gael.) ridM, a

riddle, sieve'; borrowed from Etig.]

Rl DEH AUG H (Eng.) Bel. to Ridehalgh (La:ncs),
,17th cent. Rydehalgh [The second element
is the Dial. E. halgh (found also as haugh,
with common vocalization of /), a riverside
meadow, a corner, O.N.E. halc= O.W.Sax.
healh, a corner. In the absence of early
forms the first element is quite uncertain :
it may represent a dial, form of O.E. rPf(e,
a streamlet; O.E. wrid, a thicket; O.E.
riad, red ; O.E. hrSod, a reed ; or be Dial. E,
ride, a riding, or road or cutting through a

wood]'

Rl DEOUT. The form of this name in the 1 3th-
cent. Hundred-Rolls, Ridhut, and in the
i4th-cent. Yorks Poll-Tax, Rydhowt, app.
points to E. hut [Fr. hutte, a cottage,
hut ; O.H.Ger. hutta, a hut] ; but the first
element presents the same difficulty as in
Ridehalgh, q.v.

RIDER (Eng.) i Horseman, Trooper ; in late
A.-Saxon, Norman K:*ight.

2 Mounted Keeper or Steward ;
Ranger [M.E. ridere, rydere; O.E. ridere]

I geve thee eightene pence a day.
And my bowe shalt thou here ;
4.nd over all the north countre

1 make thee chyfe rydere. —

' Adam Bell ' ; Percy's Reliques.

3 (late) (Mounted) Commercial Tra-'

VE1,LER.

RIDGE (EngO Dweller at a Ridge [M.E. rigge,

O.E. hrycg]
RIDGEWAYl (Eng.) Dweller at the Ridge-
RIDGWAY /Way iO. '&. hrycgweg]

RIDGLEY (Eng.) Dweller at the Ridge-Lea

[O.E. hrycgledh]

RIDGMONT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Ridgmont
(Beds, Yorks, Lanes, etc.)

The Bedfordshire place app. owes its
name to a Norman castle which was
called Ruggemont, or Rougemont, from the
Red Hill on which it stood {Nat.Gaz.)
[Fr. 'rouge, f. Lat. ruhe-us, red, through a
later form rubi-us (rubj-tts) + Fr. mont,
Lat. motts, mont-is, a hill]

RIDING (Eng.) i = Ridding, q.v.

2 (later) Dweller at the Riding, i.e. a
riding-way cut through a wood [f. O.E.

ridan, to ride]
RIDLER = Riddler, q.v.

RIDLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Ridley; or Dweller at

I the Red Lea [Dial. E. rid(e, red ; O.E.

r^ad + M.E. ley, O.E. l^ah, a meadow]

2 the Reedy Lea [O.E. hr^od, a reed -|-

l^ah]

Ridlington

114

Ringshaw

3 the Thicket-Lea [O.E. wrid, a thicket

+ Uah]

4 the Clearing-Lea [f. Dial. E. rid, to

clear land (O.N. h)ry]^ia) + Uah]

RIDLINGTON (Eng.)Bel.toRidlington (Norf.;
Rutl.), 13th cent. Wridlington = the
Estate of the Wr^del Family [A-Sax.
*Wrdedelinga-Mn: ihe pers. name is a dim.
f. O.E. wrded or iwcfej' {wri^an, to bind), a
band, wreath -|- -inga, genit. pi. of the fll.
suff. -ing + tun, estate, etc.]

The Rutland parish was Redlictun in
Domesday-Book.

V. Rideout.

RIDOUT "1

ridoutt;

RIDPATH, V. Redpath.

RIDSDALE <Celt. -1- Eng.) Bel. to Redesdale
(Northumb.) = the Dale of the R. Rede
or Reed [the river-name is prob. the Wei.
rhudd = Gael, ruadh, red, doubtless in-
fluenced by the cognate M.E. rede, reed,
O.E. r/flrf, red : — + O.E. dal, a valley]

RIDYARD (Eng.) Dweller at the Red Enclo-
sure [O.E. riad + geard\

RIERDAN
RIERDON

}"■

Riordan.

RIG BY (Scand.) Bel. to Rigby (now Ribby),
Lanes, 13th cent. Riggeby, Domesday
Ri^i = the Ridge-Farmstead [O.N.
hrygg-r, a ridge -H b^-r, a dwelling, farm-
stead, etc.]

This essentially Lancashire surname
is found in Yorkshire in the 14th cent, as
Riggeby and Rygby.

Cp. Rigsby.

RIG DEN (Eng.) Bel. to Rigden (app. Kent)

[this is especially a Kentish surname, so

that the ' second element is doubtless

O.E. denu, a valley : the first element inay

be for Rick- (hardly O.E. hrycg, a ridge]

RIGG (Scand. and N.Eng.) Dweller at a Ridge
[O.N. hrygg-r = O.N.E. hrycg]

RIGGS, pi., and genit., of Rigg.

RIGHTON for Wrighton, q.v.

RIGMAIDEN (N.Eng.) Bel. to Rigma(i)den
(Westm.), 13th and 14th cent. Rygmayden,
Riggemayden = the Maiden Castle on
the Ridge [M.E. ryg, rigge, etc., O.N.E.
hrycg = 0!N. hrygg-r, a ridge + M.E.
mayden, etc., a maiden — applied to a
castle or fort that had never been captured
or which was considered impregnable;
O.E. mikgden\

RIGSBY (Scand.) Bel. to Rigsby (Lines), 13th
cent. i?j'^«i9',Domesday^ig'M6« [Here the
common O.N. hrygg-r (Dan.-Norw. ryg), a
ridge, back(bone, seems to be used as a
pers. or nick-name; it may be a shortening
of hrygg-biug-r, crook-backed, or hrygg-
kn^tt-r, humpbacked : on account of the -s
genitive the name cannot be the O.N.

ryg-r, lady, wife : 1- O.N. by-r, farm,

estate]

RILEY \ (Eng.) Dweller at i the Rye-Field
RILLEY ; [O.E. ryge + fe«A]

"Rylay in Acryngton," A.D. 1323.—

Lane. Ing., ii. 198.

2 the Brook-Field [O.E. r{^(e, a stream-
let -|- ferfA]
(Celt.) for O'Reilly, q.v.

RIMBAULT, the French Raimbault: v, under
Rainbow'.

RIMER 1(A.-Fr.) Poet, Minstrel [M.E.

RIMMER J rywer, rymour, rymeur, rimour; f.

M.E. O.Fr. rime, rime, metre; either from

Lat. rhythm-US, rhythm, or O.H.Ger. rim,

number]
Roger le Rymeur. —

iMnc. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1246.

"Thomas the Rymour [Thomas of
Erceldoune], the first Scottish poet."

( Eng. ) Calculator, Accountant
[O.E. rtmere]
The form Rimmer is found in the early
17th cent.

RIMINGTON
RIMMINGTON

I V. Rem(m)ington ante.

RIND, V. Rhind.

RINDER, V. Render.

RINGLAND (Eng.) Bel. to Ringland (Norf.),

14th cent. Ringland [O.E. hring, a ring,

circle, round -f- land]

The piece of land must either have

been round in shape or situated near a

(stone) circle.

RING ROSE (Eng.) [the first element is
doubtless O.E. hring, a ring, circle, round;
while the second app. represents the pi.
of O.E. rckw, a row (as of houses or
hedges : cp. Dial. E. row, a hedge]
This seems to be specifically a York-
shire surname : it is foundas Ryngrose in
the 1 6th cent.

RINGSHAW (Eng.) [O.E. hring, a ring, circle,

round + sc{e)aga, a wood]

The wood must either have been round

in shape (cp. ' Round Coppice,' Bucks) or

have been situated near a (stone) circle.

Ringstead

"5

Ritch

RINGSTEAD (Eng.) Bel. to Ringstead (Norf.,
Northants, Dorset, etc.) [O.E. hring, iri., a
ring, circle, round + stede, a place]
See the note under Ringland and
Ringshaw; but in this case there is a
possibility of the first element being the
pers. name Hring [same etymology"].

Ringstead,! Norfolk, was Ringstede and
Ringstyde in the Confessor's time.

RINTELL } ^- Rentoul ante.

RIORDAN I (Celt.) Royal Bard [Ir. Righ-

RIORDEN f bkarddn—righ, a king + the asp.

form of bard, a poet + the dim. suff. -a«]

RIPLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Ripley (Yorks: Domes-
day Ripeleia, Ripeleie, 14th cent. Riplay-;
Derby, Surrey, etc.) = i Hrypa's or
Hreopa's Lea [A.-Sax. *Hrypan- or
*Hriopan-ledh — Hr^pam, Hriopan-, genit.
of Hr^pa, Hriopa ; poss. f. the pret., hrdop-,
of hrSpan, to shout]
2 Rip(p)a's Lea [A.-Sax. Rip(p)an-ledh—
Rip(p)an-, genit. of Rip{p)h ; app. f. ripa,
- reopa, m., a sheaf {Sceafa, f. O.E. scMf, m.,
a sheaf, occurs as an A.-Sax. pers. name]
Cp. Repton.

RIFLING HAM (Eng.) Bel. to Riplingham
( Yorks ), A.-Sax. *Hr$pelinga-hdm or
*Rip{p)elinga-hdm = the Home of the
Hrypel or Rip(p)el Family [the pers.
name is seen under Ripley, with added
dim. -el + -inga, genit. pl- of the fil. sufl.
-ing + hdm, home, estate]
The / in the modern name can hardly
be ignored notwithstanding the Domes-
day Ripiugha'.

RIPLINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Riplington
(Hants, Northumb.), A.-Sax. *Hrj)pelittga-
tUn or *Rip(p)eUnga-tiin = the Estate of
THE Hrypel or Rip(p)el Family [the
pers. name is seen under Ripley, with
added dim. -et + -inga, genit. pl. of the fil.
suff. -ing + ttin, estate, etc.]

RIPON IBel. to Ripon (Yorks), 13th cent.

RIPPON J Ripon, Domesday Ripum, loth cent.

Rypon, Bede's in hrypum (Hist. Eccl. V.

XIX), A.-Sax. Chron. a.d. 709 td Ripum

, [doubtful : but not improb. an O.Anglian

- cognate (in the dat. pl.) of O.N. rifa (dat.

pl. rifum), a cleft, fissure (cp. O.N, rtf =

Ger. rippe = E. rib) if not of O.N. rip-r, a

crag]
We see the Latinized form (Hripis) of
this place-name in, e.g., the loth-cent.
Frithgod's metrical account of the conse-
cration of a new church at Ripon.

The weak dat. pl. ending {-on) in the
laterforms of this name is much commoner
in Old High German than in Old English.

RIPPINGALE 1 (EBg.)BeltoRippingale(Lmcs),
RIPPINGALL ; 13th cent. Repinghal{e, Domes-
day Repinghale, loth cent. (Lat. charters)
Repingale [the pers. name is doubtless the
A.-Sax. HrSopa, or Reop{p)a (v. under
Ripley), with the ' son ' sun. -ing (prob.
really for the genit. pl. -inga) ; the local
element representing either O.Merc. Afl//, a
hall, or halli, a corner, or even hold, a

slope]

RIPPINGTON, V. Repington.

RISBOROUGH (Eng.) Bel. to Risborough

RiSBROUGH UBucks), izthcerA. Risebergh,

RISBROW J A.D. 903 Hrisberg = the

Bushy Hill [O.E. hris, brushwood -t-

be{o)rg, a, hill]

RISBY (Scand.) Bel. to Risby (Yorks: Domes-
day Risbi ; Lines : anc. Riseby ; Suffolk, etc.)
= the Farm in the Brushwood [O.N.
hrts, brushwood + bf-r, farm, estate]

RISELEY > (Eng.) Bel. to Riseley or Risley

RISELY J (Beds), 13th cent. Risle = the

Brushwood-Lea [O^E. hris, brushwood

+ ledh, lea]
Cp. Risley.

RISHTON (Eng.) Bel. to Rishton (Lanes),
14th cent. Risseton, Risshton = the Farm-
stead by the Rushes [O.E. rise, a rush
-f- tAn, a farm, enclosure]

Cp. Rushton.

RISHWORTH(Eng.) Bel. to Rishworth (Yorks)

= the Rushy Estate [O.E. rise, a rush

+ worj", an estate, enclosure, farm]

This township is (or was) mostly "un-
cultivated moor."

Cp. Rushworth.

RISING (Eng.) Bel. to (Wood) Rising (Norf.),
13th cent. Rysing, Rising = the Bushy
Meadow [O.E. hris = O.N. hris, brush-
wood + O.Angl. ing, O.N. eng, meadow]

RISK (Celt.) Dweller at a Morass or Moor

[Gael, (and Ir.) riasg, riasc; conn, with

O.E. rise, a rush]

RISLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Risley (Lanes : 13th
and 14th cent Riselegh, Ryselegh ; Derby :
13th cent. Risele/) = the Brushwood-
Lea [O.E. hris + ledh]
Cp. Riseley.

RISTON (Eng.) Bel. to Riston (YOrks : Domes-
day Ristun, Ristune ; Norfolk : 13th cent.
Riston) = the Brushwood-Enclosure;
Bush-Farm [O.E. hris (= O.N. hris),
brushwood + t4n, enclosure, farm]
Cp. Reston.

RITCH = Rich, q.v.

Ritchie

ii6

Robarts

RITCHIE, a North. E. and Scot, double dim.
of Richard, q.v. [O.E. dim. suff. -ie, -y\
In the 1 6th cent, the form was commonly
Richie.

RITSON I for Ritch's Son : v. Ritch, Rich.
2 for Wpightson, q.v.

RITTER (Ger.) Cavalier, Knight [v. the
Appendix of Foreign Names]

, Cp. Rutter.

RIVEL(E)Y, V. Reveley. .

RIVERS (A.-Fr.-LatJ Bel. to Rivieres (France)
= the Banks, Shores [O.Fr. riviere, like
Ital. riviera, f. L.Lat. riparia, a bank, sHore
(also later a river) ; f. Lat. ripa, a bank,
, shore]

de Riveres, de Rivers, are the Hundred-
Rolls forms.

This name (which has absorbed the
I3th-cent. A.-French de la< River{e) was
Latinized de Ripariis.

RIVINGTON (Eng.yBel. to Rivington (Lanes),
A.D. 1202 Revington, Rowinton, other 13th-
cent. forms being Ruwinton, Riviton,
Rovinton, Rouinton, Rouuinton, Rou(u)yngton,
Rowyngeton, Rowynton, Ruwington, Ruhivin-
ton, Rpuington, early-i4th-cent. Rovinton,
Rovington, Rvoyngton. [This is clearly a case
where the A.-Saxon form of the name is
necessary for its elucidation. If we were to
judge by the i4th-cent. forms we could
presume an A.-Sax, *Hr6finga-tun, 'the
Estate of the Hr6f- Family" —hrdf, m.,lit.
roof, summit, sky+-i«^a, genit.pl. of thefiL
suff. -ing; hrdf app. being the origin of the
first element of ' Rochester ' — A.-Sax.
HrSfes-ceaster. A known variant of this
word, hr^f-, would enable us to account
for the Revington of 1202 and hence the
present form, Rivington, which occurs in
1587. On the other hand, the divergent
Rou-, etc., and Rev-, Riv- forms might be
due to an A.-Sax. pers. name like Riulf,
for Ricwulf, with the genit. pi. ' son ' suff.
-inga + <«», estate, farm]

RIX I for Ricks, q.v.

2 a local name from O.E. rix, f., a rush
(the surname de la Rixe occurs in the
Hundred-Rolls for Somerset).

RIXON for RIckson, q.v.

rcKE}=«-^«'«l-

ROAD 1 (Eng.) Dweller at i a RoAD(-Side)

ROADE J or Riding [M.E. rode, O.E. rdd, f.J

2 a Cross or Crucifix (Rood) [M.E.

rode, O.E. rid, i.\

Simon de la Rode. — Hund. Rolls.

But oonly that the holy rode
Turne us every dreem to gode. —

Chaucer, Hous of Fame, 57-8.

(Scand.) Dweller at a Clearing [M.E.
rode, O.N- riffp-r. a clearing, 'open space in

a forest*]

(TeutJ RED(-haired); Ruddy [O.N.

riffS-r (Dan.-Norw. rod) = O.E. redd =

Dut. rood (pron. rtJi), red, ruddy]

ROAdI^ } P'-' ^""^ 2^"**-' °^ Road(e, q.v.

Roads is common in Bucks. The
Rhodes of Yorkshire (in the Yorks PoU-
Tax, A.D. 1379, commonly 'del Rodes')
and the neighbouring counties (Lanes :
Richard A&Rodes. — ' Inq. de an. et die,' A.D.
1269), and the Rhoad(e)s of Lincolnshire,
may lae set down as Scandinavian.

ROADHOUSE, a local name = Road (q.v.) +
house [O.E. O.N. Ajfa]

ROAD(K)NIGHT(Eng.) Mounted Servant or

Retainer [O.E. rddcniht — rdd, riding -j-

cniht, boy, servant (later knight]

ROAFE 1 „ 1^

roalfe; '*'"^•^■^•

ROAKE (A.-Fr.) Dweller at a Rock [O.Fr.
roke, roque ; L.Lat. rocca ; app. f. a deriv.
(rupic-us) of Lat. rupes, a rock]
Geof. de la Roke. — Hund. Rolls.
Roque- is common in French place-
names.

Cp. Roche-

ROAN "I (Scand.) Dweller at a Roan- or
ROANE J Rowan -Tree pi.Eng. and Scot.
roaurtree, rowan-tree I Dan.-Norw. ronne
(tree) = Swed. ronn, O.N. reyni-r, rowan-
tree]
(A.-Fr.-Lat.-Celt.) Bel. to Rouen [A.-Fr.
(andBret.)5oa»,L.Lat.J?oto»i-M»i,Lat.-Celt.
Rotomag-us : -magus is the Latinized form
of the Gaul, magos (= Ir. and Gael, magh),
a plain, field ; the first element seems to
be Gaul. *roto-, and conn, with Lat. rqtare,
to turn round (Lat. rota, a wheel = Ir. and
Gael, roth =Wel. rhod acd Bret, wd), and
rotundus, round]

ROANSON, a contraction of Rowlandson,
q.v.

ROANTREE, v. under Roan (Scand).

^°^3 1 dim. of Robert, q.v.

ROBART = Robert, q.v.
ROBARTS = Roberts, q.v.

Rob(b)erd

ROB(B)ERD, V. Robert.

ROB(B)ERDS, Rob(b)erd's (Son): v. Robert.

ROBBEY") double dim. of Robert, q.v. [E.
ROBBIE J dim. suff. -^y, rie\

ROBBINS = Robins, q.v.

ROBBS, Robb's (Son) : v. Robb.

ROBEARTS = Roberts, q.v.

ROBERSON for Robertson, q.v.

ROBERT (Teut.) i FAME-BRiGHT[Fr. Robert, O.
, TevLt.Hruodber(a)ht,Ruodperht, etc.(Mod.H.
GeT.Rupreckt,etc.),HrdVberht,Hr^biart,etc.
— O.H.Ger. h)ruod- = O.Sax. *hri}S- = O.E.
A>-<«S- (hr^ = O.N. hr(fS-r, fame, victory +
O.H.Ger. beraht = O.Sax. berht = O.E.
be(p)rht = Goth, bairht-s = O.N. hiart-r,
bright, glorious]

Rodbert and Rodbriht are usual forms in
the A.-Saxon Chronicle, nth and 12th
cent. Fiz-Robert occurs in the copies of
. the Roll of Battle Abbey. Robertus is the
form in DomesdayTBook. Robert Wace
invariably has Robert —

Li quens iJoftert de Moretoing
(The count Softer*, of Mortain). —

Roman de Rou, ii. 183, etc.
Sire Roberd le fiz Rei [variantly Roy] is
name ssal be. — Rob. Glouc. Chron., 8895.
i?oSert [variantly ^oJ^j-^fl the robbere. —
Piers Plowman, v. 469 (341 1).
Robert the Bruys erle off Carryk. —

Barboufj The Bruce, i. 67.
Robert is still a common French sur-
name; it occurs also with the dim.
suffixes -et, -in, -on, etc.
Rupert is the same name,
(occ.) 2 Counsei^Bright [f. O.L.Ger.
Rddberht — rdd (O.E. rded), counsel +
berht', bright, glorious]

ROBERTON (Teut.) Bel. to Roberton (Scot.),
i2th cent. VtllaRoberti, 13th cent. Roberts-
tun = .Robert's Manor or Estate [v.
under Robert, and + M.E. tun, O.E. tAii]

ROBERTS, ROBERT'S (Son) \
ROBERTSON, Robert's Son J ^' «"°eri.
Adam fil. Roberti. — Hund. Rolls.

ROBERTSHAW (Eng.) Dweller at Robert's

Wood [v. under Robert, and + M.E.

shati)(e, O.E. sc{e)aga, a wood]

ROBESON = Robson, q.v.

ROBEY = Roby, q.v.

ROBILARD = Rob, a dim. of Robert (q.v.) +
. the Fr. double dim. suff. -el-ard.
Robelard.^/fM«rf. Rolls.

117

Roche

ROBIN, a double dim. of Robert, q.v. [Fr.

Robin\
John 'Rohia.— Hund. Rolls.
Til Robyn the ropere
Arobs bi the southe. —

Piers Plowman, 3147-8.
Now am I Robert [i.e. a gentleman],
now Robyn [i.e. a poor man]. —

Chaucer, Rom. of the Rose, 6337.
This trayturs name is Robyn Hode. —
Robin Hood and the Monk, 8g.

ROBINET 1 = Robin (qJv.) + the Fr. dim.
ROBINETTJsuff. -«i.

L'abb6 Brizard a vu, dans les titres de
la famille de Buat, une meme personne
appel6e Robert et Robinet. —

Larchey, p. 416.

ROBINS, Robin's (Son) 1„ p-uj-
ROBINSON, Robin's SonJ ^' "°"'"-

ROBISHAW for Robertshaw, q.v.

ROBISON, Rob(b)ie's Son: v. Robbie.

ROBKIN = Rob (q.v.) + the E. (double) dim.
suff. -kin [O.L.Ger. -Mb]
Robekin is the usual i3th-cent. form.

ROBLET "I = Rob (q.v.) -|- the Fr. double
ROBLOT J dim. suff. -el-et, -el-ot.

Robelet and Robelot are not common now
in France.

ROB LIN = Rob (q.v.) + the Fr. double dim.
suff. -el-in.
Simon Robelyn. — Hund. Rolls.
Rotelin is now somewhat rare in France.

ROBOTHAM "I (Eng.) Dweller at the Roe-
RO BOTTOM I Valley [O.E. rd, a roe + botm]

ROBSART (Fr.-Teut.+Lat.) Bel. to Robersart

(Nord)= Robert's Clearing ("v. Robert,

and' -I- Dial.Fr, sort, Fr. essart, a clearing,

f. essarter, to root up; Lat. ex, on\.+sarire,

saritum, to hoe, weed]

ROBSON, Rob's Son : v. Rob.

ROBY (Scand.) Bel. to Roby = i RA's or the

Roe Stead [O.N. rd, a roe + hy-r\

2 the Farm in the Nook or Corner

[O.N. ti)rd, a nook, corner -t- by-r]

The Lancashire Roby was Rabi in the

1 2th and 13th cent; Robi and Roby{e in

the 14th cent.

occ. (A.-Fr.-Teut.) = Rob (q.v.) H- the E.
dim. sufF. -e)y,

ROCHE '(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Roche (France) ;

or Dweller at a Rock [Fr. roche, roc^ &

rock (Ital. raced); app. f. a deriv. (rupica)

of Lat. rupes, a rode]

Rochefort

Its

Roddick

Jordan ide la Roche. — Hund. Rolls.

That ypotame a wonder beest is . . .
In nche is his wonyying [dwelling].—

Kyng Alhaunder, S184, 5196.

Ther I was bred, alias I that harde day,
And fostred in a roche of marbul gray. —

Chaucer, Cant. Tales, F 499-500.

1 looked about and saw a craggy roche. —
'The Tower of Doctrine': Percy's Religues.

( de la ) Roche is a common French
surname.

Cp. Roake.

occ. (?Celt.) Dweller by the Rivers Roche
(Essex), Roch (Lanes) [if, as seems very
probable, these river-names are Celtic the
etymon may, on analogy, be sought for
in the early form of Wei. rhwch, 'what is
rough,' or rhwych, 'what expands ']

ROCHEFORT (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Rochefort

(France) = the Strong (Castle-) Rock ;

FoRTlFlED^RocK [v. under Roche, and

+ Fr./ort, hat. fort-is, strong]

This name was Latinized de Rupe Forti.

Rochefort is a common French place-
name.

ROCHESTER. Bel. to Rochester (Kent), the
A.-Sax. (7th cent.) Hrdfes-ceaster, i.e.
Hr6f's (Roman) Stronghold [the pers.
name is app. O.K. hrdf, m., (lit. roof), sky,
heaven, in the genit. -|- 0,E. ceaster, a
fortified place ; Lat. castr-um, a castle]
This was Bede's belief (' Hist. Eccl.' IL
iii.) ; but if Rochester, as has been claimed,
was the Celt.-Roman Rotibis ^s well as
Duro-brivis), Bede may have been wrong.

Rochester, Northumberland, is on a
rock, and may owe the first element of its
name to that fact [see under Roche.]

ROCHFORD (Eng.) Bel. to i Rochford (Essex)
13th cent. Rocheford = the Ford over
THE Roche [O.E./ord]

2 Rochford (Wore), the Domesday
Rochesforde [this may represent an A.-Sax.
*Hr6ces-ford, Hrdc being a pers. name

from the rook — 0,E. hrdc, m.]

(A.-Fr.-Lat.) for Roohefor't, q.v.

ROCKETT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to (La) Roqnette

(Normandy) = the Little Rock [O.Fr.

roqite, a rock + the Fr. dim. suff. -et-te\

ROCKINGHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Rockingham
(Northants), the A.-Sax. Hrdcinga-hdm =
the Home or Estate of the Hr6c-
Family [O.E. hrdc, m., a rook -|- -inga,
genit. pi. of the fil. sufF. -ing + hdm, home,

etc.]

ROCKLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Rockley ; or Dweller

at the Rocky Lea [M.E. rok(e, O.E. -rocc

(of Romanic orig.), a rock 4- M.E. le{y,

O.E. ledh, a meadow]

The form of this name in the Hundred-
Rolls, A.D. 1274, was usually Rokele.

ROCKLIFF(E \ (Eng.) Bel. to Rockcliff(e, Ro-

ROCLIFFE Jchffe (Yorks) ; or Dweller at

the Rocky Cliff [v. under Rockley, and

+ O.E. clif]

(Scand.) for Rawcliffe, q.v.

RODBARD \ (Teut.) 1 Red Beard [O.Sax.

RODBEARD J rdd = Dut. rood (pron. rsd) =

O.N. ri<fS-r = O.E. redd, redd = Goth.

rauY-s = O.H.Ger. rSt, red -t- O.Sax. bard

= t)ut. baard = O.N. ba/S = O.E. b{e)ard

— Goth. *barda = O.H.Ger. bart, beard]

2 = Robert, q.v.

RODBOURN(E (Eng.) Bel. to Rodborne ; or

Dweller at i the Red Brook [O.E. reod,

redd, red -|- bume, burtia, a brook]

2 the Reedt Brook [O.E. hredd, a reed
-I- bume, burnd\

Rodborne, also formerly called Redbom,
Wilts, is about 13 miles from Rodborne
Cheney in the same county. It is not
easy to decide in every case which of the
two places is meant in Wiltshire charters
of A.-Saxon times, in which wefindthe vari-
ant spellings Redbuma, Reddbuma, -e, Rod-
bame, and Hreddburna; but Rodborne
Cheney seems usually to be the A.-Sax.
Hreddburna.

ROOD I Dweller at a Rod of land [M.E.
rodd(fi, O.E. rod(d]

2 a dim. of Roderick, q.v., and Rodolph,
q.v.

3 a form of Rudd, q.v., also a weak var.
of Road(ei q>v.

Nicholas de la Rodde. — Hund. Rolls.

Rodd is the name of a Herefordshire
township.

RODDAM (Eng.) Bel. to Roddam (Northumb.)

[the second element is O.E. ham(m, a

piece of land, enclosure, dwelling; for the

first element see under Road(e]

This place is mentioned in a late metrical

version of an alleged grant of land by Kins

■^thelstan— ■' 1

1 konig Athelstane
Giffis heir to Paulane
Odiham and Roddam. —

Cart. Sax. No. 1342.

RODDICK I a var. of Ruddiok, q.v.

2 an abbrev. of Roderick, q.v.

Roddy

119

Roffy

RODDY I a double dim. of Roderick, q.v., and
Rodolph, q.v. [E. dim. suff. -y]

2 a var. of Ruddy, q.v.

There does not seem to be any trace of
this hame being local, with a second ele-
ment -ey, 'island,' or -hay, -hey, 'enclosure.'

RODE, V. Road(e.

RODEN (Eng.) i Bel. to Roden ; or Dweller at
I the Roe-Valley [O.E. rd, a roe -1- derm,

a valley]
2 the Reedy Valley [O.E. hredd, a reed]
' aet Hrodene ' occurs in an A.-Sax. will
(' Cart. Sax.' No. 1317).

RODERICK (Teut.) Famous Ruler [O.Teut.
Hruodric, Ruodric, Hr^rik, etc. (mod. Ger.
Roderidi) — O.H.Ger. h)ruod- = O.Sax.
*hrd^- = O.E. bra's- {hre^ = O.N. hr6^S-r,
fame, glory, victory -f- a deriv. of O.Teut.
n'fe-, a ruler, seen in O.Sax. riki = O.E.
rica = Goth, reik-s, a ruler]
This Teutonic name is used as an
Anglicization of the Irish Ruadhri, Gael.
Ruaridh — which are more often repre-
sented by Ropy, q.v. — and of the Welsh
Rhydderch, q.v.

RODES, v. Roads.

RODGER (Teut.) Famous Spear [O.Teut.
HniodgSr (whence Fr. Roger, Rogier),
Hro^gdr, HrSSgeirr, etc.— O.H.Ger. h)ruod-
= O.Sax. *hrSS- = O.E. hrSS- (hr^ =
O.N. hrffS-r, fame, glory, victory -|-0,H.Ger.
and O.Sax. ger — O.E. gar = O.N.geirr, a

spear]
HrfiSwulf and HrdSgdr.—r

WidsiS (The Traveller), 91.

RSSgA' is the form in a loth-i ith cent.

'Index Bonorum' of the abbey of Werden-

an-der-Ruhr. The mod. (High) German

form is Riidiger.

Cp. Roger.

RODGERS, Rodger's (Son) 1„ n^rfao-
RODGERSON, Rodger's Son K' «o°ser.

RODGIE, a double dim. ol Rodger, q.v. [E.

dim. sufT. -zV]

RODICK, V. Roddick.

RODMAN = Rodd, Road (q.v.) -)- man.

But exceptionally the first element may
be that seen under Roderick and Rodger,
as Rodman occurs in a gth-cent. Register
of the abbey of Werden-an-der-Ruhr.

RODMUND (Teut.) Famous Protector

[O.Teut. Hr{u)odmunt, HfSSmund, etc. —

v. under Roderick and Rodger, and -|-

O.H.Ger. munt (mod. mund) = 0;E. O.Sax.

O.N. mund, hand, protection, protector]

HreSric and HrA'Smund. — Be&wulf, 2382-

The Domesday torm is Rodmund.

RODNEY (Eng.) Bel. to Rodney (Soms.), early
14th cent, uniformly Rodeneye, pointing to
an A.-Sax. *H)R6dan-ig = R6da's or
Hr6da's Island [the pers. name Rdda or
Hrdda or Hrd^a (genit. Rddan-, etc.) is the
first element (without the common suff.
-a) of Roderick and Rodger, q.v. (a Devon-
shire thew named Hrdda was manumitted
c. 970 — ' Cart. Sax.' No. 1246]

RODNIGHT, V. Road(k)night.

RODOLF "I (Teut.) Famous Wolf [O.Teut.

RODOLPH I Hruod('w)olf, Ruodolf (whence Fr.
Rodolphe), Hrd^{w)ulf, etc. — v. under
Roderick and Rodger, and -|- O.H.Ger.
wolf — O.Sax. and O.E. wulf = Fris. and
Dut. wolf = Goth, wulf-s = O.N. Mf-r,

wolf]

RODRICK, V. under Roderick.

RODWAY (Eng.) i Dweller at the ROOD-
(Cross-)Way [O.E. rod -{■ weg'\

2 a form of Radway, q.v.

RODWELl. (Eng.) Dweller at i the Spring by
the Road [O.E. rdd + w{i)ell(a, etc.]

2 the Spring by the Rood (Cross)
[O.E. rdd, rood] Cp. Cro8(s)well.

3 the Red Spring (spring issuing from
red earth) [O.E. redd, redd, red]

4 the Reedy Spring [O.E. hredd, a reed]
In A. - Saxon charters we find such

forms as 'on reddan-wylle' (dat.), "on
reddwellan ' (dat.), and possibly ' Red
Spring' is the commonest meaning;
although redd is occ. found to be for
hredd.

Alan de 'Roiev/eW.—Hund. Rolls.

ROE (Eng. and Scand.) a nickname and sign-
name from the animal [M.E. ro(e, O.E.
O.N. rd, a roe]
John le 'Ro.—Hund. Rolls.

John de la 'Koe..—Excheq. Iss.

Cp. Ray, Rae, Raw(e; and there has
prob. been confusion with Row(e, q.v.

(Celt.) Of Red Complexion or Hair
[Ir. and Gael, ruadh (dh mute), red]

ROEBUCK (Eng. and Scand.) a nickname and
sign-name from the animal [v. under Roe,
and -I- O.E. bucc = O.N. bukk-r]
ROFE 1
ROFF [ assim. forms of Rolf(e, q.v.

roffeJ

ROFFEY \ I = Roff, Roif(e (q.v.) -f- the dim.
ROFFY /suff. -«)y.

2 |Dweller at (a) the Rough Island or
Waterside [O.E, riih, rough, wild -|- ig

(M.E. ey{e]

120

Rogan

Rollason

(b) the Rough Hey or Enclosure [O.E.
nih + hcBg-, haga, enclosure]

The surname ' de la Rogheye ' occurs in
the i3th-cent. Hundred-Rolls.

There is a Roughey in Sussex and a
Rough Hey in Cheshire.

Rofiy is the name of a shepherd in
'The Shepheards Calender' (September).
In the ' glosse ' to this month Spenser
says —

Roffy, the name of a shepehearde in
Marot his i£glogue of Robin and the Kinge.

The Yonne (France) village - name
Roffey will hardly have influenced this
surname.

ROGAN (Celt.) Of Red Complexion or Hair

[Ir. Ruadhacdn (a.d. 8go, etc.) — ruadh (dh

mute), red + the (double) dim. suff. -cdn

{6c-dn\ later -gdn\

There has been interchange with

Rohan, q.v.

ROGER = Rodger, q>.

Rogerus, 'B.ogenns.^Domesday-Book.

See the quotations from Chaucer, etc.,
under Hodge.

Roger (variantly Rogier) is a common
French surname, found also with the dim.
suff. -eau (earlier -el), -et, -on. In Wace's
' Roman de Rou 'Rogier is the usual form,
as ' Rogier de Montgomeri.'

ROGERS, Roger's (Son) "1 „ r.^^^^ p«^«„„
ROGERSON.Roger'sSon) ^- Ro^*""' Rodgen.

The (Latinized) form of these patrony-
mics in the i3th-cent. Hundred-Rolls is
' ill. Rogeri.'

Many an Irish Mac Rory or Mac Rury
has Anglicized his name to Rogers and
Rogerson.

ROHAN (Celt.) Of Red Complexion or Hair

[Ir. Rtiadhdn (a.d. 904, etc.) — ruadh (dh

, as h), red -f- the dim. suff. -dn]

There . has been interchange with

Rogan, q.v.

ROKEBY (Scand.) Bel. to Rokeby (Yorks), the
Domesday Rochebi [The first element,
I despite the absence of the genit. -s seen
(modified) in Roxby, is doubtless the O.N.
pers. name Hrdk-r, a rook (in O.West.N. a
cormorant) ; the name ajpp. occurs too
early to be a borrowing from O.Fr. roke
(Ft. roche), a rock : 1- O.N. b^-r, a dwell-
ing, estate]

ROKER (A.-Scand.) i Spinner ; or, as spinning
was essentially a feminine occupation,
rather Distaff-Maker [M.E. roker, rockere, ,
f. M.E. rok, rock(e, O.N, rokk-r (Dan.-Norw.
roli) ^ Dut. rok, rokken, a distaff ; with the
agent, suff. -er]

Ralph le Roker.—Hund. Rolls.
2 Bel. to Roker (Durham) = (app.) the
Roe-MArshJM.E. ro, O.N. (and O.E.) rd,
a roe + N.E. ker(r, O.N. kiarr, a moss,
marsh] : cp. the Yorks place-name Raw-
marsh. But early forms are desirable.

ROKSTER, the same name as Roker', but
with the fem. agent. suS. -ster [O.E. -estre]

ROLAND (Fr.-Teut. ) Famous Land [Fr.
Roland, O.Fr. Rollant, O.Teut. Ruotlant,
Hruodlant, Hr&Sland, etc. (mod. Ger. Ru(d)-
land): v. under Roderick and Rodger, and
-1- O.Teut. land ( O.H.Ger. lant ), land,

country]
In the ' Chanson de Roland ' we find
the forms Rollant (also occurring in the
' Roman de Rou ')' and Rollanz — e.g.
' Amis Rollam' (2887) and 'Ami Rollant'
(2909), the former instance showing in
both words the formative ^ominative)
suff. -s (-Z for -ts). The form in the
Pfaffen Konrad's lath-cent.German adapt-
ation ' is usually Ruolant — e.g. ' Ruolant
unde [and] Turpin' (6717).

Cp. Rowland.

Roland.

ROLANDS, Roland's (Son) "I
ROLANDSON, Roland's Son;^"

ROLF 1

ROLFE [ contr. of Rodolf, q.v.

rolphJ

John Rolf.— Hund: Rolls.

Rolf is fairly common in Domesday-
Book. It was the name of the first Duke of
Normandy (Rolf'T or Hrolf-r, contr. f.
HrS^Alf-r and Latinized Rollp). Rolv and
Rolf are the mod. Norwegian forms.

There has been some confusion with
Ra!f(e, q.v.

ROLFES
ROLFS

1 Rolf(e)'s (Son).

2 for l^olandson, q.v.

ROLL \ forms of the O.Fr. Roul (mod. Raoul,

ROLLE I which, however, really represents

Ralph or Ralf), lor Rolf, Rodolf, q.v.

Rolle is not nearly so common a sur-
name in France as the deriv. Rollet.
Cp. Rowel I (A.-Fr.-Teut.)
ROLLAND, v. Roland.

ROLLANDSON, Rolland's orRoLAND's Son:
V. Roland.

ROLLASON I for Rollandson, q.v.
2 for Rolleeton, q.v.

Rolles

121

Romsey

ROLLES, Roll(e)'s (Son) : v. Roll(e.

ROLLESTON (Eng.) Bel. to Rolleston =
1 R6|julf's or HR61)(w)uLr's Estate [v.
under Rodolf, and + O.E. tiin]
The Staffordshire Rolleston occurs a.d.
942 as Rfffulfes-tun, and in the will (a.d.
1004) of Wulfric, Earl of Mercia, as
RolfestHn.

2 RoLLE's Estate \Rolle is, however,

merely a late (A.-French) form of the

same pers. name as under i]

R§t:l:f7(?l=ff^°"(-(i-) + t^-F--- d--

rollat(tJ ^^''■"'■

Rollet is a common French surname.

ROLLIN = Roll(e (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. suff'.
-in:
Rollin is common in France.

ROLLING for Rollin, q.v.

ROLLINGS for Rollins, q.v.

ROLLINGSON for Rollinson, q.v.

ROLLINS, RoLLiN's (Son) \_ „„,..
ROLLINSON, ROLLIN'S SoN J ^- «°'""-

But Rollinson has been confused with
Rolandson, q.v.

ROLLISON for Rollinson, q.v.

ROLLO, V. under Rolf.

ROLLS, Roll's (Son) : v. Roll.

ROLLSTON, v. Rolleston.

ROLPH, V. Rolf.

ROLSON I Roll's SoiJ : v. Roll.
2 a contr. of Rolandson, q.v.

ROLSTON, V. Rolleston.

ROLT ( Teut. ) Famous Power [O.Teut.

Hr(u)odwalt, HrdVw(e)ald, Hrdpuald, etc.—

V. under Roderick and Rodger, and +

O.H.Ger. giywalt = O.Snx, gi)wald = O.E.

ge)'w(e)ald = O.N. uald, power, might]

The direct ancestor of Rolt is doubtless
the i2th and 13th cent. Roald (13th cent,
also Rowald), which by monosyllabication
and unvoicing of d had become Rolt by '
the (early) 17th cent.

... and twegen eorlas mid [and two
earls therewith], Ohtor and Hroald. —

A--Saxon Chron., A.D. 918.

These were Scandinavian jarls ; Roald
IS the present Norwegian form.

A Hrd'Swald was Archbishop of York
A.D. 930.

S2J!!^I!^,.l (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Roman [Ft. Romain,

oSJ^aI^^ Lat. Roman-us]

ROMAN J

Reginald le Romayn. — Hund. Rolls,

(Teut.) occ. confd. with weak forms of
Rodmund, q.v.: cp. Rum(m)an (Teut.).

ROMANS, (the) Roman's (Son) : v. Roman.

ROME (A.-Fr.-Lat.) One from Rome [Fr.
Rome, Lat. Roma]

ROMEO (A.-Ital.-Lat.) Pilgrim to Rome
[Ital. romeo ; f. Lat. Roma, Rome]

ROMER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Roamer, Wanderer;

prop. Pilgrim to Rome [M,E. romer(e,

O.Fr. romier ; f. Lat. Roma, Rome]

And religiouse romeris [var. romares]
Recordare in hir [their] cloistres. —

Piers Plowman, 2321-2.

RO M I LLY (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Romilly (France)
=: RoMiLius' Estate [M.Lat. Romiliacus .
— dc-us, the Latinization of the Gaul,
possess, suff. -dc-os"]

There are two villages called Romilly
. in the Eure Dept., and one in the Eure-et-
Loir ; in addition to places called Rumilly
in the Nord, Pas-de-Calais, etc.

ROMNEY. Bel. to i Romney (Old and New,
Kent).

[The River Romney (Kent) was called
Rumenea ("juxta flumen quod vocatur
Rumenea") in a Latin charter a.d. 895,
where -ea may reasonably be supposed to
be the O.E. ea, river ; while the Rumening
seta of a Kentish charter a.d. 697, which
presumably relates to Old Romney, would
appear to be ' the seat (residence) of
Rumen's Son' (O.E. -ing, ' son ' suff.); or if
the -ing of this Latin charter should be for
the common -zw^a (genit.pl.) then the-aof
seta might be taken as a sign of the plural
instead of the dat. sing. But the analogy
of a river in South Wales which in its upper
part is called Rhymney ("avon Rymni,"
'Brut y Tywysogion,'A.D. 1070), and in its
lower (Anglicized) part Rumney, rather
points to a Celtic origin for Rumen-, poss.
the early form of Wei. rhym, 'what
stretches round,' with the dim suff. -/« :
cp. Wei. rhumen, a dim. of the seeming
variant rhum, ' what projects or swells '].
2 Romagny (Normandy) = Romanus'

J Estate [M.Lat. *Romaniacus — dc-us, the
Latinization of the Gaul, possess, suff.

•dc-os}

ROMSEY (Eng.) Bel. to Romsey or Rumsey
(Hants), I3th-i4th cent. Romesy, ioth
ceii\..Romesey,Rumesig.
[The second element is O.E. i{e)g (=

Ronald

122

Ropes

O.N. ey), island, waterside : if we had
only the form in the A.-Saxon Chronicle,
A.D. 971, to guide us (H6r fortSferde
Eidmund sefieling. and his Ifc litS set
Rumesige — In this year died Eadmund
iEtheling, and his body lies at Rumsey)
we might have inferred that the pers.
name involved (in the genit.) was trom
O.E. rihn, liberal, noble; but the persistent
-0- makes it fairly clear that a pers. name
is in question ' from the O.E. cognate of
O.Sax. hrdm = O.H.Ger. h)ruom (mod.
ruhm), fame, glory]

RONALD, the Scoto-Scandinavian form of
Reginald, q.v. [O.N. Rognuald]

The modern Norse form is Ragnvald as
well as Rognald.

RONALDS, Ronald's (Son) "1 D„„aiH
RONALDSON, Ronald's Son/ ^- "0"aia.

RONDEL "1 the French Rondel (later form

ROHOEV-l.] Rondeau) = Round, Plump [Fr.

rofid, Lat. rotund-us, round + the Fr. dim.

suff. -el, Lat. -ell-us]

RONEY, V. Rooney.

RONILDS for Ronalds, q.v.

RONNIE, a double dim. of Ronald, q.v. fN.E.
and Scot. dim. suff. -/V]

RONSON, a contr. of i Ronaldson, q.v.
2 Rolandson, q.v.

RONTREE (Scand.) Dweller at a Roan-Tree
or Mountain-Ash [Dan.-Norw. rSnnetrce ;
cp. O.N. reyni-r, a roan-tree, rowan-tree]

ROOD (Eng.) Dweller at a Cross [M.E. rood,

rode, O.E. r6d\
Cp. Rode, Road".

ROOF

ROOFE

ROOFF.

2 Famous, Renowned [O.E. and O.Sax.
r6f = O.H.Ger. ruof, for older *hruof(f

(mod. H.Ger. ruf, fame, etc.]

3 the French Ruf = the Red, Red-
Haired [Lat. ruf-us]

4 the rare A.-Sax. pers. name Hrdf (v.
under Rochester) Jcp. O.E. hrdf, m., the
sky, heaven, (lit.) roof; but the name is
rather the older form of rSf, famous, seen

in 2]

ROOF(W)RIGHT (Eng.) Roof-Builder [O.E.

hrdf-^wyrhtdl

ROOK "1 (Eng. and Scand.) a nickname and

ROOKE ) pers. name from the Rook [M.E.

rook, roke, O.E. hrdc = O.N. hrdk-r, a rook]

Geoffrey le Rdke.—Hund- Rolls.
ROOKER = Roker, q.v.

ijoin

(Teut.) I syncopated forms of Rud-
" Rodolf, q.v.

ROOKLEDGE, a gutturalized form of Rout-
ledge, q.v.

ROOM \ (Teut.-Lat.) for Rome, q.v. [cp-

ROOME J O.N. RAm, Rome ; and O.E. Rum-

wealR, a Roman]

(Teut.) I Fame, Glory [O.H.Ger.

K)ruom (mod. ruhm) = O.Sax. hrdm = Dut.

roem (cp. Rumbold]

2 Liberal, Magnificent [p.E. nim,

(lit.) spacious, (fig.) bountiful, noble, etc.;

cognate with O.N. riim-r = Goth, riim-s^

Dut. ruim = Fris. rum, spacious, roomy]

We find the name Riima in an A.-Sax.

charter a.d. 958.

ROONEY (Celt.) the Red [Ir. Ruamidh {dh
mute) — ruanaidh, red, reddish : cp. Mul-

rooney]

ROOPE = Rope, q.v.

ROOFER = Roper, q.v., when it does not
represent the Dut. roeper (pron. rooper), a
crier.

ROoIe } (^--Fr-Lat.) a form of Rous(e, q.v.
(Celt.) Dweller at a Moor [Wei. rAos]
Hugh da Ros.— Pipe-Roll, A.D. 1237-8.
Philip de Roos. —

Lattc. Assize-Roll, A.D. 1246.
These entries relate to Roose, N. Lanes.

"Roose, Rouse, or Rhos, a hundred in the
CO. of Pembroke . . . " — Nat. Gaz.

Roos, E. Yorks, is said to owe its name to
Peter de Ros, its proprietor temp. Hen. L

(Eng. etc.) occ. a form of Rose, q.v. [cp.

Dut. roos, a rose, as in the local name

Rooseveld (-d as -t), Rosefield]

ROOTe} (Eng.) Gay, Cheerful [O.E. rdt]

(Teut.) the Red, Ruddy [O.H.Ger. rdt
(mod. ro/) = O.Sax. rdd =O.N. ridp-r, red]
Peter Rote.— Hund. Rolls.

ROOTS, Root's (Son).

ROPE (Eng.) theA.-Sax. Rop(p)a, Hrop(p)a

[f. a deriv. of O.E. hrdpan (= O.Sax.

hrSpan = Dut. roepen), to shout : cp. O.E.

hrdp (= Goth, hrdp-s), a shout, clamour]

ROPER (Eng.) Rope-Maker or -Seller [M.E
roper{e, raper{e; O.E. rdp, rope -Jf the
agent, suff. -ere]
Simeon le Ro^ei.— Hund. Rolls.
Til Robyn the ropere
Aroos bi the southe. —

Piers Plowman, 3147-8.

ROPES I Rope's (Son) : v. Rope.

2 a nickname for a Roper : v. Roper.

Ropkin

123

Rosamund

ROPKIN for Robkin = Rob (q.v.) + the E.
dim. sufl. -kin [O.L.Ger. -k-iti]

The unvoicing of 6 to /> here is due to
the influence of the following voiceless
letter k.

ROPKINS, RoPKiN's (Son) : v. Ropkin.

RORISON, Rory's Son : v. Rory.

RORKE, V. O'Rorke.

RORY (Celt.) Red King [Ir. Ruadhri — ruadh
(dh mute), red + ri, king]

ROSBOTHAM \ (Eng.) Dweller at the Roe's
ROSBOTTOM J Valley : v. Robotham, Ro-

bottom.
ROSCOE 1 (Scand.) Bel. to Roscoe (Lanes),
ROSCOW J i6th cent. Roscoe and Roscow =

the Roe-Wood [O.N, rd (Dan.-Norw.

raa — pron. raw), a roe -(- O.N. sk6g-r
(Dan.-Norw. skov), a wood]

ROSE (A.-Lat.) a pers. name, nickname and
sign-name from the flower [O.E. rose \ Lat.

rosd\
Richard fil. Rose.^Hund. Rolls.
Nicholas de la Rose. — Hund. Rolls.
And maister Frank the goldsmith at the
Rose. —
Pasquin, Night-Cap, A.D. 1 612; Lower, i. 21 1.

(Eng.) Roe's (Son) : v. Roe.

(A.-Fr.-Teut.) Row(e)'s (Son) — Row{e,
a contr. of Rowland or Rofand, q.v.

(Celt.) Dweller at a. Moor [Wei. rhos =

Corn, rds]

" Rose-Market or i?Aos-Market, a parish
in the hundred of Roose, co. Pembroke
. . . ". — Nat. Gaz.

Cp. Roos(e. •

ROSEBERY \(Eng.) Bel. to Roseber(r)y

ROSEBERRYJ (Edinb., Yorks," ; etc.) =

I Roe's Stronghold [a genit. of O.E. rd

(= O.N. rd), a roe (a common pers. name)

-1- burh, a stronghold]

2 the Rose-Hill [O.E. rose (Lat. rosc^

+ beorh,& hill]

Rose-Hill is a common Eng. local name.

ROSENGROVE (Eng.) Dweller at the Rose-
Grove [O.'E. rosen (fi^^.) + grdf]

ROSEVEAR(E (Celt.) Bel. to Rosvear (Corn-
wall) = the Big Heath [Corn, rds (= Wei.
rhos), a heath, moor + Corn, -vear, mu-
tated form of mear (= Wei. mawr), great]

ROSEWARN(E (Celt.) Bel. to Roswarne
(Cornwall) = the Alder-Heath [Corn.
rSs (= Wei. rhos), a heath, moor + Corn.
gwern-en (= Wei. gwem = Bret, guem =
Gaul, verti; whence Fr. ver(g)ne), an alder-
tree]

R08EWELL (Eng.) Dweller at the Roe's
Spring (spring frequented by the roe) [a
genit. of O.K. rd, a roe -|- wiella a spring,

well]

There is a Rosewell near Lasswade,
CO. Edinburgh.

It has been stated that the surname
Rosewell is from a French Rosseville : if
there is a place with this name in France
(I cannot trace it) some Rosewells may
quite possibly owe their name to France.
On the other hand, as Rosewell is largely
a west-country surname, it may possibly
also represent a Cornish local name, from
Corn, rds, a heath, and either whdl, a
work or mine, or g)wSl, a field.

See Rosweli, Roswald.

ROSEWORTHY (Celt.) Bel. to Roseworthy

(Cornwall) [Corn, rds, a heath -1- (app.)

g)wartha, higher, upper]

ROSHER I for Rusher, q.v.
2 for Rossep, q.v.

ROSKELLl (Scand.) i the O.Scand. pers.

ROSKILL J name Hros{s)kel [O.N. hross, a

horse + -kel for ketel or Ixtill, a sacrificial

cauldron]

2 Bel. to Rosgill (Westmld.), 13th cent.

Rasegille = (the) Roe's Ravine [a late

genit. of O.N. rd, a roe (often used as a

pers. name) -f- gil, a ravine]

ROSKELLY 1 (Celt.) Bel. to Roskilly (Corn-

ROSKILLY / wall) [Corn, rrfj, a heath -)- kelly,

killy (= Wei. celli), a grove]

ROSLIN (Fr.)the French Rosselin — 1 a double
dim. f. Fr. Rosse [O.Fr. ros, Lat. russ-us,
red ; with the Fr. double dim. suff. -el-in\

2 a double dim. f. an O.Teut. Ros{s-,
Hrosis- name (as Roswalt, Hros{s)wald,
Hrosls)kel, etc. : v. RoskellS Roswald)
[O.H.Ger. ros (mod. ross) = O.Sax. hross
= Dut. ros = O.N. hross ( = O.E. hors), a
horse ; with the Fr. double dim. -el-in]

The forms in the i3th-cent. Hundred-
Rolls are Roscelin and Rocelin.

(Celt.) Bel. to Roslin (Edinb.), 13th cent.

Roskelyn=t'iie Holly- Wood Moor [Cym.

rQi)os, a moor -f- celyn, a holly-wood]

ROSLING = Roslin (q.v.), with added E. -g.

\ (Teut.) Horse -Protection

ROSMAN
ROSMUND
ROSOMAN(D
ROSAMUND )

[O.Teut. . Hrosmund, Roswund
— O.H.Ger. ros (mod. ross) =
O.Sax. hross = O.N. hross ( =
O.^.hors), a horse -f O.H.Ger. munt {mod.,
mund) = O.Sax. mund = O.N. mund (=
O.E. mund), hand, protection, protector ;
although mund is a fern, noun it was
sometimes used for male names, as in the
case of Eddmund]

Ross

124

Roulston

ROSS (Celt.) Bel. to Ross ; or Dweller at a

Promontory or Peninsula [Gael, ros

— It. ros, M.Ir. roijfN.Irel., a promontory

or peninsula; S.Irel., a wood): cp. Wei.

rhos, a moor, and Corn, rds, a heath]

An ros Muileach (the promontory of
Mull).

ROSSALL "I (Eng. or Scand.) Bel. to Rossall
ROSSELL J ( N.Lancs ), 13th cent. Roshal,
iRoshale, T>omesAay Rushale [Without pre-
Conquest forms nothing definite can be
said as to the origin of this name : the first
element may be O.N. hross, a horse, in
which case the secohd would prob. be
O.N. haU-r, a slope; or the first theme
m^y represent a genit. of O.E. rd, a roe,
which, if used as a pers. name, would
make the second element O.N.E. hall, a
hall, when otherwise it might be a weak
form of either O.N.E. halh,iL corner, nook,
or O.N.E. hald, a slope]
(A.-Fr.-Lat.) the French Rossel, a dim. f.
Rosse [O.Fr. ros, Lat. russ-us, red; with
the Fr. dim. suff. -el, Lat. -ell-us"]

Cp. Russell.

ROSSBOTTOM, v. Rosbottom.

ROSSER (Celt.) seems to represent the Wei.
rhyswr = Champion, Combatant [v.
under Rhys ; and for a similar vowel-
change cp. Prothepo and v. Rhydderch]

ROSSINGROVE for Rosengrove, q.v.

ROSSITER. Bel. to i Wroxeter (Salop), the
A. - Sax. *Wredcen-ceaster (cp. A.-Sax.
Wredcen-sete, i.e. the seittlers in the Wre-
kin area), the first element of which is
due to the Latin name Uriconium, Uiroco-
nium, Urioconium, etc. [O.E. ceaster, a
Roman city — Lat. castra, a camp: the
first element is doubtful (see Rhys, ' Celt.
Brit.,' ed. 1908, p. 324.]
2 Rocester ( Staffs ), the Domesday
Rowecestre, i2tli cent. Roffecestre, 13th cent.
Rawecestre [O.E. ceaster, a Roman city :
the first element is. doubtful — poss.
O.E. rtih (M.E. row, etc.), rough, waste,

wild]

ROSTHERN(E, v. Rawsthorn(e.

ROSTRON, a metathesized form of Raws-
torn, Rawsthopn, q.v.

ROSWALD (Teut.) Horse-Might [O.Teut.
Roswalt, Hros{s)wald,, etc. — O.H.Ger. ros
(mod. ross) = O.Sax. hross = O.N. hross
(= O.E. hors), a horse -1- O.H.Ger. gi)'a)alt
= O.Sax. gi):wald == O.N. uald (= O.E.
ge)w{e)ald), might, power]

Bare him a son, which was his heir.
Whose name was called Roswall.-^

Roswall and Lillian, 1 2- 13.
2 for Rosewell, q.v.

ROTHERAM l(Eng.) Bel. to Rotherham
ROTHERHAM;(Yorks), the Domesday Ro-
dreha' = the Land. by the R. Rother
[O.E. ham{m, a piece of land, enclosure :
the river-name may be from the early
form of Wei. rhuthr, a rushing— rA«ttw, to

rush]

doTucdSc 1 (A.-Celt.) Anglicizations of the
ROTHERY J ^^'- Rhydderch : vJRhydderoh.

ROTHERY (Eng.) Dweller at the Cattle-
Island or -Waterside [O.E. hreS\per, an
ox, bull, cow + i{e)g, waterside]

ROTHSCHILD (Ger.) Red Shield: see the
Appendix of Foreign Names.

ROTHWELL (Scand.) Bel. to Rothwell =

I the Red Spring [O.N. rau)p-r (= Ger.

roth), red + uell, a spring, well]

2 the Red Field [O.N. rau^r, red -|-

aoW-r, a field]

The Yorks Rothwell was Rodouuelle
and Rodeuuelle in Domesday-Book. There
is a famous spring at the Northants
Rothwell. The Lines Rothwell was
Rothewelle in the 13th cent.

ROUGH, a var. of Roche, q.v.

ROUGHLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Roughley or

Roughlee ; or Dweller at the Rough Lea

[O.E. nth, rough, wild -|- ledh, a lea]

The Lane. Roughlee was Rughelegh
A.D. 1323.

ROUGHSEDGE "1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Rough

ROUGHSICH [Ditch or Watercourse

[O.E. nih + ifc (=O.N. sik(i]

There is a Rough Sike in Cumberland.

ROUGHTON (Eng.) Bel. to Roughton. (Norf. :

14th cent. Roughton ; Lines, etc.) = i the

Rough Enclosure [O.E. ruh, rough,

wild, uncultivated -t- tin, enclosure]

2 Hr6ca's Estate rA.-Sax. *Hr6can-

ttin — Hrdcan-, genit. ol Hrdca, f. hric, a

rook : 1- tAn, estate, etc.]

At Roughton, Norfolk, a considerable
portion of the land is (or was) heath.

ROULSTON (Eng.) Bel. to Roulston or Rol-
leston : v. Rolieston.

Roulston, Lines, is also known, as
Rowston,

Round

125

Rowlandson

ROUND (A.-Fr^Lat.) Rotund, Plump [M.E.
rounde, O.Fr. roond (Fr. rond), Lat. rotund-

us\
In France, this name usually has a dim.
Stiff., as in Rondeau (for earlier Rondel),
Roniiet, Rondelet, etc.

(Scand.) (occ.) for Rowan (q.v.), with
intrus. -d.

ROUNDHAY (Fr. + Eng.) Bel. to Roundhay ;
or Dweller at the Round En<;losure
[M.E. rounde, O.Fr. roond (Fr. rond),' Lat.
rotund-US + M.E. haye, O.E. hag; a field,

meadow]
The great Roundhay Park, near Leeds
(a.d. 1322 La Roundhaye), was formerly
" enclosed within a circular pale."

ROUNTREE (Scand.) Dweller at a Rowan-
Tree [v. under Rowan', and + O.N. tre,

a tree]

ROURKE, V. O'Rourke.

ROUS I (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Red, Red - Haired
ROUSE I [M.E. A.-Fr. rous{e, O.Fr. rous (Fr.
roux -sse, Prov. ros), Lat. russ-us, red] ,
Jordan le Rous. — Cal Ing. P.M.
Juliana la Rouse. — Hund. Rolls.
In Malory we find the name with pre-
fixed 'de la' —

My lordes name is the duke de la
Rouse. — Morte d' Arthur, VII. xxxii.

My name is, said he, the duke de la
Rowse.—Idem, VII. xxxiv.

This name was usually Latinized
Rufus.
Cp. Russ, Russell.

ROUSBY (Scand.) Bel. to Rousby (Yorks), the

Domesday Rozebi = RA's, Estate [a

genjt. of O.N. rd (Dan.-Norw. raa — aa as

aw), a roe (used as a pers. name) -|r hy-r,

estate, farm, etc.]

ROUTH (Scand.) i Bel. to Routh (Yorks), the

Domesday Rute, Rutha = the Clearing

[O.N. ru\, a clearing]

Cp. Royd.

2 Red, Red-Haired [O.N. rau^-r, red]

ROUTLEDGE (Eng.) Bel. to Routledge

fCumb.) = the Red Lache or Pool
O.E. redd, red (the form Rout- has been
influenced by O.N. raulp-r, red) ; and v.
under Lach(e and Leech'']

ROW "I (Eng.) Dweller at the Row (of dwel-
ROWEJlings, hedge-row, etc.) [M.E. rowe,
O.E. rckw, a row, nedge-row]
Richard del Rowe. —

Chesh. Chmbrlns.' Accts., A.D. 1350-1.
Henry del Rowe. —

Lane. Fines, A.D. 1434.

(A.-Fr.-Teut.) I contr. of Rowland,
Roland, q.v.

(occ.) 2 for the O.French Roil (seen in
Wace's ' Roman de Rou '). a contr. of
Rolf, Rodolf, q.v.

(Celt.) Red, Red - Haired [Ir. and
Gael, ruadh {dh mute), red]

There has naturally been some late
confusion with Roe, q.v.

ROWAN (Celt.) Red, Red-Haired [Ir. and
Gael. Ruadhan {dh mute) — ruadh, red -|-
the dim. sufT. -dn}
(Scand.) Dweller at the Rowan-Tree
(Mountain-Ash) [Dial. Norw. raM« = Dan.-
Norw. rdn{ne = O.N. reyni-rl

ROWAN D = Rowan (q,v.) with common
post-» -d.

ROWAT l the French Rouat (v. under Row(e

ROWATT J — A.-Fr.-Teut.»), a double dim. of

Rolf, Rodolf, q.v. [Fr. dim. suff. -at]

ROWBOTHAM ]

ROWBOTHOM

ROWBOTTOM

= Robotham, Robottom,
q.v.

ROWOLIFFE = Rawoliffe, q.v.

ROWDEN = Roden, q.v.

There are places of this name in Lei-
cester, Hereford, etc.

ROWE, V. Row.

ROWELL "1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Roe-Spring,

ROWLL J i.e. a spring or well frequented by

roes [O.E. rd, a roe + w(i)ella, a spring]

The Glouc. Rowell is also called Roel.

(A.-Fr.-Teut.) I the French Rouel (v.
under Row(e — A.-Fr.-Teut.'), a double
dim. of Rolf, Rodolf, q.v. [Fr. dim, suff.

-el]

2 for the French Raoiil = Ralph, Ralf,
q.v.

Death hes tane Rowll of Abirdene
And gentill Rowll of Corstorphyn ;
Two bettir fallowis did no man sie. —
Dunbar, Lament for the Death of the Makkaris.

ROWEN for Rowan, q.v.

ROWETT, the French Rouet (v. under Row(e
— A.-Fr.-Teut.»), a double dim. of Rolf,
Rodolf, q.v. - [Er. dim. suff. -et\

ROWLAND = Roland, q.v.

This form arises directly from the 13th-
cent. A.-Fr. Rouland, which is a present-
day French surname.

ROWLANDS, Rowland's (Son) 1 „ , ^
ROWLANDSON, Rowland's Son / ^-Ro'and.

126

Rowlatt

Roydon

rowlettI ''"^- °^ R°"at(t' Ro"et(t, q.v.

Roulat is now rather rare in France ; but
Roulet (and Roullet) and Roulot are fairly
common.
ROWLES, a var. of Rolles, q.v.

ROWLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Rowley = i the
Rough Lea [M.E. rou, rowi etc., O.E. rAh,
roiigh, wild + M.E. ley, etc., O.E. ledh, a

meadow]

2 the Roe-Lea [M.E.w, O.E. rd, a roe

+ M.E. ley, etc., O.E. ledh, a meadow]

The Staffs Rowley was Rueleg, Route,
in the I2th and 13th cent. The Yorks
place was ^ow/e;' in the 14th cent. The
Lanes Rowley was Roley in the i6th cent.

ROWLING, a var. of Rolling for Rollin, q.v.
Roulin (also Roulliri) is nbt imcommon
in Northern France.
Cp. Rawlin(g.

ROWLINGS, Rowling's (Son) "1 v.
ROWLINGSON, Rowling's Son J' Rowling.
Rowlingson is, however, sporadically
for Rowlandson, q.v.

ROWLINSON I for Rowlandson, q.v.
2 a var. of Rolllnson, q.v.

ROWNEY (Celt.) for Rooney, q.v.

(Scand.) Dweller at the Rowan-Tree

Island or Waterside [v. under Rowan',

and + O.N. ey, island, etc.]

ROWNSON I Round's Son : v., Round.
2 for Rowlandson, q.v.

ROWNTREE (Scand.) Dweller at a Rowan-
Tree [v. under Rowan', and + O.N. tre']
This is especially a Yorkshire surname.
Cp. Rountree.

ROW3E = Rou8(e, q.v.

ROWSEL )

rowsell!

Russel(l, q.v.

Broom ; Rowton Heath, Cheshire, is a
famous battlefield.
2 the Roe-Enclosure [M.E. ro, O.E. rd,
a roe -f- tin] .

ROXBU RG H i (Eng.) Bel. to Roxburgh, 12th

ROXBROUGH (cent. Rokisburc, Rochesburh,

later Rgkhburgh; O.E. *Hr6ces-burh =

Hr6c's Stronghold [the genit. of O.E.

hrdc, a rook (used as a pers. name) + hurti,

a fortified placfe]

ROXBY (Scand.) Bel. to Roxby (Yorks»,

Lines) = Hr6k's Estate [the genit. of

O.N. hrdk-r, a rook (used as a pers. name)

+ b^-r, farm, estate]

In the 17th and i8th cent, this surname

was often spelt Roxbee. ,

ROXETH (Eng.) Bel. to Roxeth (M'sex), a.d.

84s Hrdces sed^as Cset Hrdces sed^um ') —

Hr6c'S' Pits or Springs [the genit. of

O.E. hrdc, a root (used as a pers. name)

' + the pi. of O.E. sed^, a pit, pool, spring,

etc.]

ROXTON (Eng.) Bel. to Roxton = Hr6c's
Estate [the genit. of O.E. krSc, a rook
(used as a pers. name) + tiin, estate, etc.]

ROY (A.-Fr.-Lat.) King (a nickname and
pageant-name) [Fr. rot, O.Fr. rei, hat. rex,
regis, a king]
In to the ring of the Roy Robert,
The first king of the gud Stewart. —

Roy Robert, 1-2.

(Celt.) Red, Red-Haired [Ir. and Gael.

ruadh {dh mute), red]

ROYAN (Celt.) Red, Red-Haired [Ir. and
Gael, ruadh (dh mute), red + the dim.

suff. -dn]

ROWSON, Row's Son : v. Row (A.-Fr.-Teut.)
There has prob. been some confusion
with Rawson, q.v.

ROWTON (Eng.) Bel. to Rowton = 'i the
Rough Enclosure [M.E. rou, row(e,
rugh{e, etc., O.E. rtih, rough, wild 4- tun,
' enclosure, etc.]

The Yorks Rowton was Rugheton and
Rugetonin Domesday- Book. "The Shrop-
shire places were Roweton and Ronton in
the 13th cent. The topography of some
of the Rowtons makes the connexion with
a state of uncultivation clear : thus one of
the Shropshire Rowtons is united to

2 a fem. name Royse (and Roysia) occurs

in our 13th and 14th cent, records: this

seems to be the O.French Roese, Rohais,

etc.. Latinized Roesia, Roisia, etc.]

R0YCR0FT}f-RV-°«'1--

ROYD (Scand.) Dweller at a Clearing [O.N.
rid]?-r, a forest-clearing]
Cp. Routh>.

ROYDEN (Eng.) for Roydon, Rydon, q.v.

ROYDHOUSE (Scand.) Dweller at the Clear-
iNG-HousE [v. under Royd, and + O.N.

hiisl
ROYDON (Eng.) Bel. to Roydon = the Rye-
Hill [O.E. ryge = O.N. riig-r, rye + O.E.

Mn, a hill]
It is app. one of the Norfolk Roydons
which occurs as RygedAn in Bishop
/Elfric's will, a.d. 1037.

Royds

127

ROYDS, pi. (and genit.) of Royd, q.v.

ROYFFE, a form of Rolf, q.v.

ROYLANCE for Rylands, q.v.

ROYLE 1 V. Ryle.

2 (occ.) a North, dial, form of Roll(e,

ROYLES, genit., and pi, of Royle, q.v.

ROYS(E, V. Royoe.

ROYSTON (Eng.) i Bel. to Royston (Herts) =

Royse's or Roisia's Town [v. under

Royoe', and + M.E. -ton, O.E. tan]

Royston, Herts : Its present name is
derived from Roisia de Vere, Countess of
Norfolk, by whom a cross was set up, and
near which" an Austin priory was founded
in Henry H's time . . . which led to the
erection of houses ; and the place acquired
the appellation of Royse's TiyOm or Royston.
—Nat. Gaz. 1868.'

In mediaeval deeds the Herts place-
name was Latinized Roissice Oppidum.

2 Bel. to Royston (Yorks). According

to Turner's ' Yorkshire Doraesday-Book '

this is the Domesday Rorestun and Rores-

tone [the pers. name involved (in the genit.)

may be any one of the A. -Sax. names

Hrfffw{e)ard, Hro^h{e)ard, HrS'pgdr, etc. ;

or even the O.E. hrdr, vigprous, strong, if

it could be shown that this word was used

in pers. nomenclature: — + O.E. tAn,

estate, farm, etc.]

ROYTON (Eng.) Bel. to Royton (Lanes : rsth

and 14th cent. Ryton; Essex, etc.) = the

Rye-Enclosure [O.E. ryge = O.N. rug-r,

rye -f- O.E. tun, enclosure, etc.]

RUBBATHAM for Robotham, qlv.

RUBEN = Reuben, q.v. [cp. Ger. Ruben}

Than Ruben cam thider a-gen. —
13th cent. metr. vers. oiGen.axiA,Bx., 1959.

RUBENS I Ruben's (Son) : v. Ruben.

Oft ist noch die Genetivform geblie-
ben . . . Jakobs, Peters, Rubens. —

Bahnisch, Die deutschen Personennamen,

1910, p. 21.

(rarely) 2 Red, Reddish [Lat. rubens]

RUBERY \ (Eng.)Bel.toRowberrow(Soms.),

RU BERRY J i6th cent. Rouberow = the Rough

Hill [M.E. rou, row{e, O.E. nih, rough,

wild -f- M.E. bergh(e, berwe,etc., O.E.beorg,

a hill]

RUCK for Rook, q.v.

William le Rxik.—Hund. Rolls.

Rudkins

RUCKLEDGE, a gutturalized form of Rout-
. ledge, q.v.

RUDALUfor Rudhall, q.v.

RUD(D (Teut.) i Red, Ruddy [O.N. r/rfji-r

(Dan.-Norw. rod) = O.E. redd (cp, O.E.

rudu, red colour]

2 a dim. of Rudolf = Rodolf, q.v.
Walter Rui.—Hund. Rolls.
There may have been some confusion
with Rood, q.v.

^1JSSle'-1^-R"«^'^-"'<i-

RUDDICK, a form of Ruddock, q.v.

RUDDIMAN (Eng.) Ruddy Man [O.E. rudig,

ruddy + man]

RUDDLE, V. Rudhall.

Rudhall, Glouc.,is also known as Ruddle.

RUDDOCK 1 (Eng.) a nickname (and sign-

RUDDUCK) name) from the Robin [M.E.

ruddoc(k, O.E. ruddoc, robin-redbreast —

O.E. rudu, redness -f the dim. suff. -oc\

Ralph Ruddoc— /y««rf. Rolls.

The tame ruddok, and the coward kyte,

The cok, that orloge is of thorpes lyte. —

Chaucer, Parlement of Foules, 349-50.

The ouzell shrills : the ruddock warbles
soft. — Spenser, Epithalamion, 82.

RUDDY (Eng.) Red, Ruddy [O.E. rudig]

(Teut.) a double dim. of Rudolf, Rod-
olf, q.v. [E. dim. suff. -y]

RUDGE(Eng.) Dweller at a Ridge or Back
[M.E. rugge, O.E. hrycg]
With a pak at his rugge. —

Piers Plowman, 9346.

(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Red, Red-Haired [A.-Fr.

rug(jg)e, Fr. rouge, L.-Lat. rubjus, Lat.

rubeus, red]
Osbert le Rugge.— Hund. Rolls.

RUDGLEY (Eng.) Dweller at the Ridge-Lea
[O.E. hrycg + ledh]

RUDHALL (Eng.) Bel. to Rudhall = i the

Red Hall [0,E. redd {rudu, redness), red

-I- hie)all, a hall]

2 the Red Corner (of Land) [O.E.

h{fi)aVJi, a corner, nook]

Cp. Ruddle.

RUDKIN (Teut.) a dim. of one of the Teut.
Rud- names — Rudolf, Rudger (Rodger),
etc., with the L.Ger. (double!) dim. suff.
-kin [O.L.Ger. -k-in]

RUDKINS, RudKin's (Son).

128

Rudland

Rumbald

RUDLAND (Teut.) i Bel. to Rudland; or
Dweller at {a) the Red Land [O.E. redd
{rudu, redness) = O.N. riS^-r, red +

land]

( b ) the Cleared Land [ O.N. rui

(ri(!\>-r), a clearing]

Rudland Moor is in Yorkshire.

2 the O.Teut. pers. name Hruodlant,
Hrd^land, etc. (mod. Ger. Rudland) : v.
under Roland.

RUDMAN = Rucl(d, q.v., + man.

RUDOLF
RUDOLPH

V. Rodolf.

RUDSTON 1 (Eng. or Scand.) Bel. to Rud-
RUDSTONE/ston(e (Yorks)^ the Domesday
Rodestan and Rodestein [The name is app.
due to a large ancient stone pillar, nearly
30 feet high, which is (or was) preserved
in the churchyard. The first element is
either O E. rdd = O.N. rd^a, a rood, cruci-
fix, or O.E. redd = O.N. riffp-r, red +
O.E. stdn = O.N. steinn, a stone]

RUDYARD (Eng.) Bel. to Rudyard (Staffs), the
Domesday Rudierd, Ia.d. 1004 Rudegeard
[the second element is O.E. geard, a yard,
enclosure : the first may represent O.E.
nide, the rue-plant, an A.-Sax. pers. name
Ruda, or O.E. redd (O.E. rudu, red colour),

red]

RUFF I the French Ruf, Ruffe = the Red,
Red-Haired [Lat. ruf-us]

2 an assim. form of Rolf, Rodolf, q.v.

RUFFELL"! (A.-Fr.-LatJ the French Ruffel =

RUFFLE /the Red, Red-Haired [ f. Lat.

ruf-us, red -I- the Fr. dim. suff. -el, Lat.

■ell-us]

RUFFIN (A..Fr.-Lat.) the French i?Mi?;«, Rufin,

Latin Ruf(f)in-us=the Red, Red- Haired

[f. Lat. ruf-us, red, with the suff. -in-usl

Rujinus was the name of one of Theo-

dosius's generals.

RUFFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Rufford = the

Rough Ford [O.E. nih, rough + ford]

The Lancashire Rufford was R(o)ugh-

ford in the 14th cent. The Yorkshire

Rufforth is the Domesday Ruford.

RUFSEDGE = Roughsedge,q.v.

RUFUS (Lat.) Red, Red-Haired [Lat. ruf us,

red]
Rufus was a common Roman name, and
it had derivatives like Rufinus and Ru-
finianus ; while the geminated forms ^w^iw
and Ruffinus (showing shortened u) also
occur.

Both Rufus and Ruffus occur in the 13th
cent. Hundred-Rolls.

RUGBY (Scand. or Eng.) Bel. to Rugby, the
Domesday Rocheberie, 13th and 14th cent.
( and later ) Rokeby, iSth cent. Rukby
[The absence of pre-Domesday forms
makes this name difficult : the
Domesday -berie usually represents O.E.
be(fi)rh, a hill, and Rugby is "on high

f round " ; but the cotisistent post-Domes-
ay occurrence of -by, together with the
contiguity of other -by names, makes it
probable that the second element was
orig. the O.N. hy-r, a farm, estate, etc. ;
the first element doubtless being the O.N.
hrdk-r (= O.E. hrSc), a rook, used as a
pers. name: cp. the Yorks Rokeby, the
Domesday Rochebi (v. Rokeby). As late
as the reign of Elizabeth the Warwick-
shire name was written Rokeby, so that the
voicing of fe to ^ (due to the influence of
the following voiced letter b) is compara-
tively recent]

RUGELEY (Eng.) Bel. to Rugeley (Staffs), 13th
cent. Ruggeley, the Domesday Rkgelei =
the Ridge-Lea [M.E. rugge, O.E. hrycg 4-
M.E. ley, O.E. ledh]
"The manor was formerly held by the
Rudgeleys " ; and the natives' pronuncia-
tion is ' Ridgeley."

RUGG (Scand.) Dweller at a Ridge [O.N.
hrygg-r, a ridge]
Cp. Rudge.

RULE (Eng.) Bel. to Rule (Staffs), 13th cent.
Rewel(e, Rewell, Rewyl, Ruwel, 12th cent.
Ruwell [the second element is app. M.E.
well(e, etc., O.E. wielUfl, a spring, well ;
the first element seems more likely to be
M.E. rew(e, O.E. r(kw, a hedgerow, than
M.E. row{e, rugh, O.E. nih, rough]
(A.-Fr.-Teut.) for the French Raoul : v.
Rawie, Ralph.

RUMBLE^} ^- ^»^^o\6, Rumbald.

RUMBELOW (Eng.) a nickname fora Sailor,
from an old mariners' cry [perh. = Room
Below I — somewhat equiv. to the modern
' Look out below ! ' a cry used to warn
those in the hold of a vessel while she is
being loaded]

RUWIBOLDI (Eng. ) Magnificently Bold

RUMBALD / [A.-Sax. Rumbold, Rumb{e)ald —

rum, bountiful, noble, magnificent + -bold,

b(e)ald, bold]

(Teut.) Famously or Gloriously Bold

[O.Teut. Hr{u)ombald, Ruombald, etc. —

O.H.Ger. hruom, ruom = O.Sax. hrihn =

Dut. roem, fame, glory -f O.H.Ger. O.Sax.

O.E. bald = Dut. boud = O.N. ball-r,

„ ' bold]

Both Rumbald and Rumbold occur in the

i3th-cent. Hundred-Rolls.

RumboH

129

Rush

There is evidence (e.g., a.d. 1545,
"Robert Rumbold, alias Reynbald." —
Blomefield, Hist. Nor/., v. 90, quoted by
Bardsley) of some confusion witii the
descendants of the O.Teut. Regetibald,
Regiribald, Raginbald-.v-vrnder Rambau(l)t,
Rainbow.

RUMBOLL, V. Rumbold.

RUMFITT for Rumfopd, q.v.

RUM FORD (Eng.) Bel. to Romford (Essex) =
(prob.) the Wide Ford [O.E. rum, wide

+ ford]
Romford is prbn. 'Rumford.' The
name, Rom, of the stream at Romford is
modern and taken from the place-name.
The ford has long been replaced by a
bridge.

The hamlet Rumford in co. Stirling
does not seem to have influenced our
pers. nomenclature.

RUMLEY for Romilly, q.v.

RUMMELOW for Rumbelbw, q.v.

RUMMINGER (Eng. + Fr.) Stevedore [Early

Mod. E. ro»ia.gB>- (Hakluyt) ; f. M.E. roum

(O.E. rUm), room, space, with Fr. suff.

-age, Lat. -atic-us: the surname has an

inserted « as in 'messenger']

RUM(M)ON ] ( Teut. ) weak forms of the
RUM(M)AN \O.T&it. Hruodmund, Hrdpmund,
RUM(M)EN J etc. (v. Rodmund) ; prob. more

particularly descendants of the O.N.

Romund-r for /f>-ol'»zM»rf-r(forloss of final

-d cp. Oman).
(A.-Fr.-Lat.) occ. for Roma(i)n, q.v.

RUIVI(M)ONS"| Rum(m)on's ( Son ) : Rum-
RUM(M)ANS kM)AN'S (Son): Rum(m)en's
RUM(M)ENsJ (Son).

RUMNEY, v. Romney.

RUMP (Teut.) a nickname for a stumpy per-
son fM.E. rumpe (occurring in this form as
a surname in the i3th-cent. Hundred-
Rolls and othei" records) ; L.Ger. rump =
O.N. rump-r (whence Dan.-Norw. rumpe,
Swed. rumpia) = Dut. romp (= Mod.
High Ger. runipf) : one of the definitions
of ' rump ' in Geelmuyden's ' Engelsk
Ordbog ' (Christiania) is stump']

RUMSEY, V. Romsey.

RUNACRES (Scand.) Dweller at i the Bush-
Fields [O.N-. runn-r, a bush, shrub -|- akr
(= O.E. eecer), a field (with late (Eng.) pi.

-s]
2 the Rowan-Tree Fields [Dan.-
Norw. ronne = Swed. ronn (earlier runn),
O.N. reyni-r, the rowan-tree]

There is a Renacres (Hall) in Lancashire
which occurs in the I3th-r4th centuries as
Runacres, Ruynacres, Roynacres, Rowyn-
acres, etc., and in the i6th cent, as
Reynacre.

Confused with Ranacr<es, q.v.

RUNCH(E)MAN, v. Runoi(e)man.

RUNOIE, V. Runoy.

RUNCI(E)MAN (A.-Fr..?Teut. -|- E.) Horse-
dealer, Jobmaster [v. under Runcy,
and -I- E. mari\

RUNCY (A.-Fr.-?Teut.) a nickname or trade-
name from the Nag so called [M.E. runcy,
rouncy, ro{u)nsy, a nag ; O.Fr. ronci, roncin,
runcin ; M.Lat. runcin-us ; orig. uncert.]
. . . ne rMBCiM ne sumer [sumpter]. —

Chanson de Roland, 758.
He rood upon a rouncy as he kouthe

[could]
In a gowne of faldyng to the knee. —

Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 390-1.
... on ronsy micht ryde. —

Taill of Rauf Coilyear, 442.

RUNDELLI (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname for one

RUNDLE J of Rotund proportions [Fr..ffoM(;-

el — rond, round -|- the dim. suif. -el ;

Lat. rotund-US, round]

Cp. Round ; also the Fr. double dim.

rondelet, ' plump,' which also occurs as a

surname in France.

RUNTING (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Hrunting \pug.

uncertain]

Waes ^dem hseit-m6cel Was to that hilted sword
Hrunting nama \Hrunling (the) name. —

Beowulf, 2918-19.

RUPERT, the Ger. Ruprecht, a var. of Robert,
q.v:

"Knecht Ruprecht" or "Rupert" is a
children's bugbear in Germany.

RuloOE } (Scand.) for Rosooe, q.v.

(Celt.) app. a var. of Rusky, q.v.

There is a hamlet Rusco in Kirkcud-
brightsTjire.

RUSE = Rou8(e, q.v.

RUSH (A.-Fr.-Lat.) for the French Rousse: v.
Rous(e.

(Eng.) not improb. also a contr. of one
or other of the Rush- names.

,The county-Dublin place-name Rush,
anc. Roseo, ' yew-treepeninsula ' [Ir. ros,
a peninsula ; ed, a yevv-tree] (Joyce), will
hardly have influenced this surname.

Rushall

130

Rutland

RUSHALL (Eng.) Bel. to Rushall (Staffs, Wilts,

Norf., etc.) = the Rushy Corner [O.E.

rysc, a rush + h(e)al(h, a corner]

The Staffs Rushall was Rushate in the
1 2th cent., Rischale in Domesday-Book.

RUSHBROOK \ (Eng.) Bel. to Rushbrooke ;

RUSHBR06KE J or Dweller at the Rushy

Brook [O.E. rysc, a rush + brdc, a stream]

The Suffolk Rushbrooke was Rushbroke
in the 14th cent. ; earlier Ryssebrok.

RUSHER (Eng.) Rush-Worker [M.E. ryscher;
f. O.E. rysc, a rush -|- the agent, suff. -ere]

RUSHFORD \ (Eng.) Bel. to Rushtord ; or

RUSHFORTH J Dweller at the Rushy Ford

[O.E. rysc, a rush -t- ford\

RUSHMER \(Eng;) Bel. to Rushmer(e; or

RUSHMERE J Dweller at the Rushy Pool

[O.E. rysc, a rush -1- mere, a pool]

RUSHMORE (Eng.) Bel. to Rushmore; or

JDweller at the Rushy Moor [O.E. rysc, a

rush -I- mdr, a moor]

RUSHTON (Eng.) Bel. to Rushton = the
Rushy Enclosure [O.E. rysc, rise, a rush
-f- tun, an enclosure]
Cp. Rishton.

The RisctUn of a charter, a.d. 854, by
^}>elwulf, king of the West Saxons, re-
fers to Ruishton, Somerset.

RUSHWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Rushworth =

the Rushy Enclosure [O.E. rysc, a rush

-I- wor^, an enclosure, farm]

Cp. Rishworth.

RUSK (Scand.) Doughty, Bravk Active
[O.N. rosh-r = O.H.Ger. rosch'\

RUSKELL for Roskell, q.v.

RUSKIE 1 (Celt.) Dweller at a Marshy Place

RUSKY J [Gael, riascach = Ir. riascach, ricts-

gach,, rusgach, marshy, a marshy place]

Ruskie is the name of a Perthshire
village. '

RUSKIN I = RU88, Rous (q.v.) + the L.Ger;
dim. suff. -kin [O.L.Ger. -k-in\

2 — Rusk (q.v.) 4- the Fr. dim. suff. -in.
RUSLING for Ro8lin(g, q.v.
RUSS = Rous, q.v.

John le Rus.—Hund. Rolls.

Gilbert Kuss.—Hund. Rolls.

RUSSEL l ( A.-Fr.-Lat. ) the Red, Red-

RUSSELL ^ Haired [A.-Fr. russelQ, O.Fr.

RUSSILL J roussel ■ v. under Russ, Rous,

and -f the Fr. . dim. suff. -el : cp. Fr.

rousseau, m., rousselle, i.i red-haired]

Both Russel and Russell occur in the
i3th-cent. Hundred-Rolls.

Russel(l was an old name for the fox,
from its colour —

And Daun Russell, the fox, stirtie up at
ones. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, B 4524.

The Russells, and the Fresells [Frasers]
fre. — Thomas of Ersyldoune, ii. 24.

RUSSET (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the Red, Red-Haired
[A.-Fr. russet, O.Fr. rousset: v. under
Russ. Rous, and -f- the Fr. dim. suff. -et :
cp. Russel (I]
Although Rousset is a common surname
in France, Russet is practically extinct in
Britain, largely because it has been assi-
milated to Rust.

RUST (A.-Fri-Lat.) a monosyllabized form of
Russet, q.v.

(Teut.) There is evidence (cp. the A.-Sax.
place-names Rustingden, Rustewelle, and
the Sussex ' Rustington ') that the A.-Sax.
and Dan.-Norw. rAst, 'rust,' originally
'red,' 'redness,' was used in nomen-
clature (the co-radical llatin word tor
' rust,' robigo or riibigo, was also a deity-
name).

Peter Rust.— /fani Rolls.

RUSTON (Eng. or Scand.) Bel. to Ruston

(Yorks ; Norf.) = Rust's Estate [v. under

Rust (Teut.), and -t- O.E. O.N. <ij»]

There has prob. been sporadic confusion

with Royston and Rushton, q.v.

RUTHERFORD \ (Eng.) Bel. to Rutherford; or
RUTHERFURD J Dweller at the Cattle-
Ford [O.E. hrfSer, an ox, bull, cow -|-

ford\

RUTHVEN (Celt.) Bel. to Ruthven (several in
E. Scotl.), some I2th-i3th cent, forms
being Ruthaven, -ruotheven, Rotheivan =
the Red River [Cym. rhudd (dd as th) =
Gael, ruadh, red + Cym. afon (/ as v),
O.Cym. (and Bret.) avon = Gael, abhainn,

river].
The parish of Ruthven, Forfar, e.g., has
a light, reddish soil,, which would easily
influence the colour of the river.

RUTLAND (Eng. or Scand.) Bel. to Rutland,
anc. Roteland, Rotland [Orig. uncertain ;
but the prob. meaning is ' root-land ' —
M.E. ra<(e, O.N. r6t (for wrot), a root (O.N.
rdta = O.E. wrdtan, to root up), as the county
was formerly noted for its forests, which
are '' now almost wholly destroyed " (but
the roots or stumps may at first have been
left). If the county had been named from
its red soil the old name would have been
Rodeland instead of the consistent Rote-
land or Rotland.

See the quotation under Reynold.

Rutledge

131

Rymill

RUTLEY (Ehg.) Dweller at i the Root-Lea
[v. under Rutland, and + M.E. ley, O.E. .
ledh, a meadow]

(occ.) 2 the Red Lea [O.E. redd + ledh]

RUTTER I lilie Rautep (q.v.), from the Dut.
ruiter, ' trboper,' ' horseman.' Found in
Early Mod. E. also with the L.Ger, dim.
suff. -kin.

2 the M.E. rotour = Rote-Player [f.
M.E. O.Fr, rote, a musicsal instrument (a
kind of fiddle) ; O.H.Ger. h)rota, a rote ;
app. of Celt, orig.; cp. Wei. crwth, a fiddle
= Gael, and Ir. cruit, a harp, 0.1r. crot, a

harp]
John le Rotour. —

Sgtns. Subsidy-Soil, A.D. 1327.

Cp. Crowther.

RUTTERFORD i Dweller at the Trooper-
Ford [v. under Rutter', and + M.E.

O.E. ford]
2 for Rutherford, q.v.

RUXTON for Roxton, q.v.
RUYTON, V. Royton, Ryton.
RYALU for Ryhall, q.v. .
RYALLS, genit., and pi., of Ryall, Ryhall, q.v.
RYAN, V. O'Ryan.

RYCROFT (Eng.) Dweller at the Rye-Croft
[O.E. ryge, rye -1- croft, a small field]

The Yorks Rycroft is spelt the same in
the 14th cent.

RYDE (Eng.) Bel. to Ryde (I.o.W.), anc. La
Ride, La Rithe (also La Rye, prob. by con-
fusion with Rye in Sussex) = the Rivu-
let [O.E. «'K«]
Ryde, or Ride, is a Hampshire dialect-
word for " streamlet.'

RYDER = Rider, q.v.
RYDING = Riding, q.v.
RYDON (Eng.) Dwieller at the Rye-Hill
[O.E. ryge + dlin]
Cp. Roydon.

RYE 1 Bel. to Ry (Seine-Inf6rieure, etc.) = the
Bank [O.Fr. rie, a bank]

This name occurs in the (supp.) copies
of the Roll of Battle Ahhey — Ry in
Leland's copy, Rie in Holihshed's copy.
Mr. Walter Rye, F.S.A., sayS that "Hubert
de Rye came over with the Conqueror,
and his sons settled in Norfolk, Notting-
ham, Deiftjy, and Essex." He adds that
a Huguenot family of the name settled in
Norwich in the i6th cent. Blomefield
(' Hist. Norf.') mentions Hubert de' Rie as
being governor of Norwich Castle c. 11 00.

2 Bel. to Rye (Suss.), M. French La Rie
[drig. uncert. : cp, Ree]

A 'John de la Rye' of the Kentish
Hundred-Rolls prob. owed his name to
the Sussex port.

RYGATE = Relgate, q.v.

RYHALL (Eng.) Bel. to Ryhali (Rutland),
Rihale in a late copy of a Latin charter
dated a.d. 664 = (prob.) the Rye-Cqrner
(Field) [O.E. ryge, rye -|- h(e)al{h, a corner,

nook]

RYHILL (Eng.) Bel. to Ryhill, Ryehill; or
Dweller at the Rye-Hill [O.E. ryge, rye
+ hyll (U.E. hul{I]
Cp. Rydon.

RYLANCE for Rylands, q.v.

RYLAND (Eng.) Dweller at the Rye-Land
\O.E. ryge + land]

This would be a fairly common: local
name ; but the gazetteers mention speci-
fically a Ryland in Yorks and , one in
Lines. '

Cp. Rylands.

RYLANDS (Eng.) Dweller at the Rye-Lands
[O.E. ryge + the mod. pi. of land]

This (like Ryland) would be a tolerably
fi^equent local name (cp. Oatlands); but
most of the owners of the name owe it
to Lane, and Chesh. spots rather than to
the now better-known Herefordshire
Ryelands. The Lane. Rylands was Ri-
landes, Rylau?ides (and Riland) in the .13th
cent. ; Rylondes, Ruylondes, etc., in the 14th-
15th cent. (v. 'The Rylands of the Ry- '
lands within Westhoughton, co. L ancaster'
by J. Paul Rylands, F.S.A.) The Chesh.
Rylands was Rylondis and Ruylonds in the
I3th-i4th cent.

RYLE I for Ryhill, q.v.

It is the Cheshire place (early- i4th-cent
Ryhull, Ryehull, Ruyhul) rather than the,
Northumberland Ryle that has had the
great surnominal influence, esp. in the
form 'Royle,' which is very common in
Chesh. and S. Lanes (v. Guppy, 'Homes of
Family-Names,' p, 545).

2 (occ.) for Ryhall, q.v.
RYLEY, V. the commoner form Riley.

RYMAN (Eng.) Rye-Man (Dealer) [O.E. ryge,

rye -|- man{n]
Cp. Wheatman.

RYMER = Rimer, q.v.

RYMILL (Erig,) Dweller at or by the Rye-Mill
[M.E. ry{e, O.E. ryge + M.E. mille, O.E.

myln]

Rynd

132

Sager

RYND = Rhind.q.v.

RYTON (Ehg.) Bel. to Ryton = i the Rye-
Enclosure [O.E. ryge, lye + tun, enclo-
sure, etc.]

2 (rarely) the Rough Enclosure [O.E.
' ri«A, rough, uncultivated]

The Yorks Ryton occurs as Ritun and
Ritone in Domesday-Book ; but the War-
wickshire Ryton - on - Dunsmore, while
mentioned in Domesday as Rietone, is
found in the 13th cent, as Rugintune,
Rutune, as well as Ruiton.

RYVEN for Ruthven, q.v.

SAB ■)

SABB \ I dim. of Sabin(e, q.v.

sabbeJ

2 Bede tells us (' Hist. Eccl.' ii. 5.) that
the sons of Sreberht, king of Essex (d.
A.D. 616), familiarly called him Saba : v,
Sebright.

SABEY = Sab(b (q.v.) -|- the E. dim. suff. -ey.

SABI N 1 (Fr.-Lat.) Sabine [Fr. Sdbin, -e, Lat.
SABINE J Sabinus,m.,Sdbina,i.']

A statue of " Sabinus, planter of the
vines " (the supposed eponymus of the
Sabines), was among those remarked by
Mnsas when he entered the palace of
Latinus —

. . . Sabinus

Vitisator, curvam servans sub imagine
{alcem.—^neis, vii. 178-9.

Sabino,-a, Savino,-a. — Antico pat-
ronimico, che voleva dire I'Uomo o la
Donna del paese dei Sabini, o Sabelli,
nella Italia centrale. —

Fumagalli, Diz. Nomi Propriltal, p. 233.

SACHEVERELL (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Sault-
Chevreuil (Manche, Norm.) = the Roe-
buck - Forest [0;Fr. sault, 'a forest
intersected by meadows and fields ' ; Lat.
salt-US, a forest- or mountain-pasture +
Fr. chevreuil, a roebuck, roedeer ; Lat.

capreol-us'\

Sacheverell was sometimes Latinized

de Saltu Capella [Lat. capella, a she-goat]

and the first element often thought to be

Lat. salt-US, a leap.

SACK (A.-Fr.) i Bel. to le Sacq (Eure, Norm.)

The surname Du Sacq (Dusacq) is not
rare in France.

2 the French pers. name Sacig prob.
represents the O.Ger. Sacco [f. the root
seen in O.Sax. sakan = O.E. sacan
(ge)saca, an adversary) = Goth, sakan =
O.H.Ger. sahhan, to dispute, strive, blame]

SACKER (A.-Lat., etc.) Sack-Maker [O.E.

sacc + the agent, suff. -ere r f. Lat. sacc-us,

a bag ; Semit.]

Adam le Sakkere. — Riley, Mems. of Land.

SACKERSONi (the) Sacker'sSon:v. Sacker.
2 for Zachary's Son : v. Zachary.

SACKETT, the French Sacquet = Sac{q (v.
Sack') -I- the dim. suff. -et.

SACKVILLE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to i Secqueville"
(Calvados, Norm.) = the Dry Vill, i.e.
(app.) the Dry-built [Nor. Fr. secque, f.
(Fr. sec, sdche), Lat. sice-, dry -f Fr. ville,

Lat. DiWa]

This name was Latinized in mediaeval
documents de Sicca Villa : cp. Drayton,
Latinized de Arida Villa.

2 Sacquenville (Eure, Norm.)

SADD (Eng.) Serious, Discreet, Firm [M.E.
sad(de ; O.E. seed, primarily meaning

' sated "]

In Surrye [Syria] whilom dwelte a
compaignye

Of chapmen riche, and tiierto sadde a.ud
trewe. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, B 134-5.

SADDINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Saddington

(Leic), 14th cent. Sadyngton, A.-Sax.

*Scedingatun = the Estate of the S.«;d-

Family [O.E. -inga, genit. pi. of the fil.

suff. -ing -\- ttin, estate, etc.]

SADG ROVE (Eng.) Dweller at (app.) the Dark
Grove [North. Dial. E. sad, a dull, dark
colour (? O.E. seed) -f- E. grove, O.E. grdf]

SADLER \ (Eng.) Saddler [M.E. sadeler —

SADTLER J sadel, a saddle -|- the agent, suff.

■er; O.E. sadol, a saddle]

SAFFRY^}''- Savery, Savary.

SAFFORD, an assim. form of Salford, q.v.

SAGAR \ (Scand. and N.Eng.) Sawyer [sager

SAGER 1 is a North, dial, word, f. sage (g hard),

a saw — O.N. sag, sog = O.E. saga : cp.

Ger. sager, sawyer]

(Teut.) v. Segar, Segep'.

Cp. Sayer.

Sage

133

Salman

SAGE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Wise, Learned [Fr. sage,
L.Lat. sapjus, wise ; Lat. sapere, to be wise]

Richard le Sage. — Hund. Rolls.

SAGGER I = Sagap or Sager, q.v.

(rarely) 2 a voiced form of Sacker, q.v.

SAGGERS, Sagger's (Son) "!„ saseep
SAGGERSON, Sagger's Son ] '• "^sgep.

SAILER \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.)LEAPER,DANCER[A.-Fr.

SAILOR / iai7(0oMr, a leaper, dancer; f. Fr.

saillir, Lat. salire, to leap, spring]

There was many a tymbester [female
timbrel-player],

And saillouris that I dar wel swere
Couthe her [knew their] craft ful parfitly. —
Chaucer, Rom. of the Rose, 769-71.

(late) (Eng.) Sailor, Seaman [f. M.E.
seil, O.E. segif)!, a sail ; with the agent.

suff. -w]
SAILES, V. Sales.

SAINSBURY \(Eng.) Bel. to Saint(s)bury
SAINTSBURYJ (Glouc.) [This is stated to
be the Domesday Suineberie, which ought
to yield a mod. ' Swinberry,' i.e. Swine-
Hill (the Yorks Swine e.g. was Suine in
Domesday-Book) ; but the tradition in
Glouc. is that the place was ' Swein's
Camp,' and there are ancient iiitrench-
ments which the inhabitants call ' Castle
Bank.' A transition from 'Sweinsburg' to
' Sainsbury ' is, however, difficult to credit.
The -t- in one form of the name is doubt-
less the common post-« dental intrusion ;
but it occurs early]

" Regin. de Seintshurieliv^A 31 H. IL" —
Fosbrooke, /fwt. G/OMC, ii- 328.

ST. AUBIN V(Fr.-Lat. ) Bel. to St. Aubin

ST. AUBYN J (France). Aubin for Albin =

White, Pale [Lat. Albin-us—alb-us, white]

There are numerous villages in France
called St. Aubin.

ST. CLAIR (Fr.-Lat) Bel. to St. Clair (France).
Clair = Illustrious [Lat. clar-us, bright,

illustrious]

There are villages called St. Clair m the
Manche, Eure, and Seine-Inf6rieure Depts.

SAISE, V. Sayce.

SAKER (A.-Fr.) a nickname from the Pere-
i GRiNE Hawk [Fr. sacre. Span, sacre; of

Oriental orig.]

From the bird a piece of artillery was
named —
The cannon, blunderbuss, and saker,
He was th' inventor of, and maker. — ""
Butler, Hudibras, I. ii. 355-6.

Se what Salamon [var. Salomon^ seith
in Sapience bokes.—

Piers' Plowman, iii. 330.

SALE (Eng. and Scand.) Bel. to Sale; or

Dweller in or by a Hall [O.E. sml =

O.N. sal-r. a hall]

ne g6d hafoc |(the) good hawk not

geond seel swihgetS|through (the) hall beateth.
Bedwttlf, 4$J9-3o.
John de la Sale. — Fine-Rolls.
Cp. Seal(e.
SALES, genit., and pi., of Sale, q.v.

SALFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Salford.; or Dweller
at I the WiLLdw-FoRD [O.E. s{e)alh rf

ford]

2 the Salt Ford [O.E. s{e)alt + ford]

The Lane, place (Domesday, Salford;
later also Sauford) and the Bedfd. village
belong to i ; the Warw. Salford Priors
and the Oxfd. parish (both 8th-cent.
Saltford) app. owe their name to salt-
springs.

SALISBURY (Eng.) Bel. to i Salisbury (Wilts)

= Searo's Stronghold [A.-Sax. Chron.,

Searoburh, Seresburh, etc. : the pers. name

is f. O.E. searo, armour, arms ; device ; skill

+ burh, a stronghold]

" Ego Adelsinus Sarisberiensis ecclesise
episcopus." —

Cart. Sax. no. 1228 (A.D- 969)-
2 Salesbury (Lanes) [Of the early forms of
this place-name from 1235 to 1503 collected
by Wyld and Hirst (' Lane. Place-Names,'
p. 225) only one (A.p. 131 1 Salesbury) has
the medial genitive -s-, other forms being
Salebury', Salebiri, and (1503) Sailebury.
It is therefore not all certain that we have
here to do with a pers. name (in the genit.)
as the -s- may be merely euphonid. If the
first element is not pers. it is prob. O.E.
' stel, a hall ; if it is pers. it may be for
O.E. salo (= O.N. sol-r), dark, or O.E. stkl.

happiness (cp. O.N. sail, happy) : f-

O.E. burh, a stronghold]

SALKELD \ (Scand.) Bel. to Salkeld (Cumb.)
SALKILD / 13th cent. Salkeld = the WiLLOW-
Tree Spring [O.N. sella = O.E. s{e)alh, a
willow -I- O.N. kelda, a spring]
There is a mineral spring on the com-
mon having chalybeate properties. —

Nat. Gaz., 1868.

SALMON 1 (Heb.) for Salomon, Solomon,
SALMAN J q.v.

(occ.) (Teut.) for the O.Teut. Salaman,
[app. f. O.H.Ger. salo - O.E. salo, dark,

tawny]

Salmond

134

Sample

(occ.) (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname or trade-
name from the fish [O.Fr. saulmon (Fr.
saumon), Lat. salmo, -onis, a salmon]

(occ.) (Fr.-Lat. or Teut.) Bel. to St.
Almand or St. Amand (France). ■

The name Salmon was often Latinized
in mediaeval documents de Sancto Ale-
mondo, impl3ning a French ecclesiastical
place-name St. Almond (cp. Almond),
which app. has been merged in St. Amand,
a common Fr.-Lat. place-name which was
Latinized de Sancto Amando.
SALMOND for Salmon, q.v.

SALMONS, Salmon's (Son) : v. Salmon.

SALOMON 1 _1 e„i„„„„ „ V
SALOMAN j - Solomon, q.v.

. . . and }>es ys mftra )jonne Salomon. —
Matth. Xn. 43 (A.-Sax. vers.).

. . 1 s6nu [behold] hier m6ra thanne
Salomon. — do. do. (O.H.Ger. vers.)

Salomdn the kuning [king]. —

Heliand (O.Sax.), 1. 1677.

Lif and deaj?, Bej(> Salomonj is in tunge
honden
(Mors et vita in manibus lingue). —

Ancren Riwle {'Speche').

. . . he that holdeth hym in verray
penitence is blessed, after the sentence of
Salomon.— Chaucer, Cant. Tales, I 128.

Salomon Judaeus.— faf. Rolls.

Richard Saloman. — Hund. Rolls.

Cp. Salamon.

SALOMONS, Salomon's (Son) \ v.
SALOMONSON, Salomon's Son j Salomon.

SALSBURY

SALSBURRY

SALSBERY

= Salisbury, q.v.

SALT (Eng.) Bel. to Salt (Staffs) [O.E. s{e)alt,

salt]

The Halen [Wei. halen, salt] referred to
in the will, a.d. 1004, of Wulfric, Earl of
Mercia, is supposed to be Salt.

SALTER (Eng.) Salt Worker or Dealer

[M.E. salter(e, O.E. s{e)altere — s{e)alt, salt

-f the agent, suff. -ere'\

Sealtere, hwaet us fremaScraeft {"in ?
(Salter, of what benefit is thy craft to
us?). — jElfrici Colloq., late loth cent.

SALTERN (Eng.) Bel. to Saltern ; or Dweller
at a Salt-Work [O.E. s{e)alt-em]

SALTHOUSE (Ehg.) Dweller at a Salt-
House (place where salt was made) [M.E.
salthus, O.E. s(e)alt-htis']

SALTMARSH (fing.) Bel. to Saltmarsh ; or
Dweller at the Salt (-Watej) Marsh
[O.E. s(e)att + mersc]
The Yorks place was Saltmerssh in the
14th cent, and Saltemersc in Domesday-
Book.

SALTON (Eng.) Bel. to Salton = i the Hall-
Enclosure [O.E. seel = O.N. sal-r, a hall

-I- tAn'\

2 the Willow-Enclosure [O.E. s(e)alh,

a willow + tuti\

The Yorks Salton was Saletun in
Domesday-Book. The Haddington Salton
was Sawtlton in the 13th cent.

There has been some confusion with
Saltern, q.v.

SALTONSTALL (Eng.) Bel. to Salternstall
(Kent), A.D. 863 SealteiHsteall = the Salt-
works Place (v. under Saltern, and -|-
O.E. st(e)all, a place, a stall]

SALUSBURY = Salisbury, q.v.

SALVAGE \ etymologically more correct
SALVI DG E J forms than the much commoner
Savage, q.v.

As shepheardes curre,that in darke even-
inges shade

Hath tracted forth some salvage beastes
trade. — Spenser, Faerie Queene, II. vi. 39.

SAMBORNE \ (Eng.) Bel. to Sambourne

SAMBOURNEJ (Warwick), the Domesday

Sandbume; or Dweller at the Sandy

Brook [O.E. sand, sand -f hume]

SAM BROOK (Eng.) Bel. to Sambrook; or
Dweller at the Sandy Brook [O.E. sand-

brdc]
SAMMELS ± Samuels, q.v.

SAMMON\_ e„i„„„
SAMON j^- Salmon.

SAMMONDS]
SAMMONS ^v. Salmons.
SAMONS j

SAMPER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to St. Pierre (St.
Peter), France [v. under Pier]

St. Pierre is an exceedingly common
French place-name. ,

SAMPFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Sampford (Devon,

Soms., Essex, etc.) = the Sandy Ford

' [O.E. sand, sand -f- ford]

One of the Devonshire Sampfords was

Sand ford (' aet Sand forda ') in the 10th

cent.

SAMPLE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to St. Paul
(France) . ^ [v. Paul]

John de St. Paul.— i>aW. Rdls.

Si. Paul is a common French place-
name.

Cp. Sinclair.

Samples

135

Sandle

V.

t Samuel.

SAMPLES, Sample's (Son) : v. Sample.

SAMSOn'^ } ■ Splendid Sun [Heb. Shimshdii]

Samsones strenc)>e, }>et slouh a {>usund
of his fon [foes] al et one time. —

Ancren Riwle (' Luve ').

We find both forms of the name in
mediaeval German literature, e.g. Sampson
in Hugo von Montfort's i4th-cent. ' Tage-
lied,' and Samson in the lath-cent. ' Alex-
anderlied ' of the Pfaffen Lamprecht.

2 Sam's Son : v. Samuel.

SAMS, Sam's (Son) : v. Samuel.

SAMUEL \ (Heb.) Heard of God, or Asked

SAMUELL/ofGod [Heb. Sh'miUl, a der. of

shdma, to hear + El, God]

SAM U ELLS "lc,„„„r.c/Q„„\ 1
SAMUELS ] Samuels (Son) [,

SAMUELSON, Samuel's Son

SAMWELL for Samuel, q.v.

SANBORN I etymologically more correct
SAN BURN J forms than Sambopne, q.v.

SANCTON (Eng.) Bel. to Sancton (Yorks),
13th cent. Sancton, Domesday Santon,
Santun, Santune [O.E. twK.enclosure, village:
the first elemept of Sa«cto« seems to refer
to the dedication of the church to 'All
Saints' — O.E. sand (Lat. sanct-us),
saint : the Domesday forms can hardly
be for ' sand,' as the soil is loamy]

SANDALL\(Eng. or Scand.)' Bel. to Sandal

SANDELL J (Yorks», Cumb., etc.) = i the

Sandy Valley [O.E. O.N. sand, sand +

Q.E. dcBl= O.N. dal-r, a valley]

(occ.) 2 the Sandy Slope [O.E. O.N.
sand+ O.E. h(e)al(d = O.N. hall-r, a slope]

The Yorkshire Sandals odcur in Domes-
day Book as Sandala and Sandale.

There is also a Sand Dale in Yorkshire.

SAN DAY (Scand.) Bel. to Sanday (Scotl.) =
the Sandy Island [O.N. sand-r, sand +

ey, island]
(Eng. and Scand.) v. Sandy.

SANDBACH ] (Eng.) Bel. to Sandbach
SAN BACH \ (Chesh.) = the Sandy Brook
SANDBADGEJ [O.E. sa«rf, sand-f-6«c, brook]

Sir Richard de Sandbache. —

Chesh. Chnibrlns.' Accls., A.D. 1303-4.

SAN DBORN \ etymologically more correct
SANDBURNJ forms than Sambo(u)rne, q.v.
ante.

SANDBROOK, an etymologically more correct
form than Sambrook, q.v. ante.

SANDELL, V. under Sandall.

SAN DEM AN i (Scand.) True Man [O.N.

sann-r for san'S-r, wrhence Swed. sann,

Dan.-Norw. sand (= E. sooth), true -f-

O.N. mann-r}

Note the Ger. 5iZ«rfOTfl»«, 'sand-hawker.'

2 for Sanderman, q.v.
SANDER I a popular form of Alexander, q.v.

Sander seems to have been used from a
comparatively early period by the Teu-
tons (esp. the Low Germans, incl. the
Frisians) as a convenient abbreviation of
the Macedonian conqueror's name.

" Aleksander, forkortet [shortened]

Sander." — Stoylen, Norske Dobenavne

{Norweg. Christ. Names], p. 5.

2 the O.Teut. Sandheri [the first element
may be either O.Teut. sand, messenger, or
sand (O.H.Ger. *sand = Dan.-Norw. sand
= O.N. sann-r for san'S-r), sooth, true -f-

heri (O.H.Ger. and O.Sax.), army, host]

SANDERCOCK = Sander (q.v.) + the pet
suff. -cock

SANDERMAN (North.) Sander's Man (-Ser-
vant) : V. Sander.

(Eng.) Ambassador [O.E, .tander-mann]

Sander.

SANDERS, Sander's (Son) \
SANDERSON, Sander's Son J *•

Cp. Saunders, Saunderson.

SANDFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Sandford; or

Dweller at the Sandy Ford [O.E. sand,

sand +fori\

' On sandford.' —

Cart. Sax. no. 967 (Oxfd. Charter), A.D. 956.

SANDHAM (Eng.) Dweller at the Sandy Land
[O.E. sand, sand + hamm, a piece of latid,

encldSurfe]

SAN DHOE (Eng.) Bel. to Sandhoe ; or Dweller
at the Sand-Bluff [O.E. sand + h6\

SAN DIE (Scot.-Gr.) a double dim.ofAlexander,
q.v. [N.E. and Scot. dim. suff. -ie]

(Eng. and Scand.) Dweller at the
Sandy Island or Waterside [O.E. O.N.
sand, sand -f- O.E. ig = O.N. ey, island,

etc.]

SANDIFORD (Eng.) Dweller at the Sandy
Ford [O.E. sandig + ford\

SANDILANDS (Eng.) Dweller at the Sandy
Lands [O.E. sandig -\- land ; with mod. pi.

■s]
SANDISON, Sandie's Son : v. Sandle'.

SANDLE = Sandell, q.v.

Sandom

136

5arvent

SANDOM for Sandham, q.v.

SAN DON (Eng.) Dweller at the Sand-Hill
[O.E. sand + diin\

SAN DOW = Sand hoe, q.v.

This name is, of course, quite distinct
from the imported Slavonic Sandow (w
as v).

SANDRINGHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Sandringham
(Norf.), form. Sanderingham, O.Angl.
*Sanderinga-hdm = the HoME OF the
Sander Family [v. under Sander, and
+ -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing +
Mm, home, estate]

SANDS (Eng.) Dweller at the Sands [O.E.

saM, sand]

SANDY (A.-Gr.) a double dim. of Alexander,
q.v. [E. dim. suff. -y\

(Eng.) Bel. to ' Sandy (Beds), 13th cent.

Sandye, Sandeye, Domesday 'in Sandeia' =

the Sandy Riparian Land [O.E. sand,

sand + (g, island, waterside]

SANDYFIRTH (Scand.) Dweller at the Sandy
Bay [O.N. sandig, sandy + fior^-r, a firth,

bay]

SANDYS, Sandy's (Son): v. Sandy'.

SANFORD for Sandfopd, q.v.

SANGER (Eng.) Singer, Minstrel [O.E.

sangere]

SANGSTER, the fem. form of Sanger [O.E.

sangestre]

SAN KEY (Erig.) Bel. to Sankey (Lanes), 12th
cent. Sonchi, I3th-I4th cent. Sonky, Sanki
[doubtful : perh. the ' Sunk(en Island or
Waterside,' f. M.E. sonk(en, sunk — O.E.
sincan (pret. sing, sane, pp. suncen), tosink
+ M.E. ey, O.E. ig, island, etc. : cp. the
Yorkshire local name ' Sunk Isle ']

SANSBURY, V. Sainsbury.

SANSOM 1
, SANSON I for Samson, q.v.

sansumJ

SANT (A.-Fr.-Lat. and Celt.-Lat.) Saint (a

nickname) [O.Fr. sant ; Lat.sanct-us, holy :

also Bret, and Wei. sant\

SANTER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the French Santerfe,

Sansterre = Lackland [Fr. sans, Lat. sine,

without + Fr. terre, Lat. terra, land]

SANTLEY (Eng.) Dweller at the Sandy Lea
[O.E. sand, sand + ledh, a lea]

(A.-Fr.-Lat) Bel. to St. Leu, i.e. St. Loup

gi'rance) [Fr. saint ; Lat. sanctus, holy +
ial. Fr, leu = Fr. loup, Lat. lup-us, a wolf)

SANTON (Eng.) Bel. to Santon (Norf., Suff.,
Linc.,Cumb.,etc.) = the Sandy Enclosure
[O.E. ^and, sand + tAn, enclosure, etc.]
Both the Norf. and Line, places were
Santon in the 13th cent. The Sandtdrt of a
Kentish charter a.d. 833 js said by Birch
(' Cart. Sax.' no. 411) to lie " now Samp-
ton in West Hythe." At Santon, Cumb.,
" drifting sands have covered most of the
adjoining lands."

SANTONY (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to St. Antony

[v. Ant(h)ony]

Antony is a Southern French form of
Antoine.

SANXTER for Sangster, q.v.

SAPSED (Eng.) Dweller at the Spruce-Fir
HEAD(land [f. (with late -5 genit.) O.E.
sappe, a spruce-fir -|- hedfod, a head, high

ground]

SAPSFORD (Eng.) Dweller at the Ford of

THE Spruck-Fir(s [v. Under Saplsed, and

-I- O.E./flr<l

SAPWELL (Eng.) Dweller at the Spruce-Fir
Well or Spring [O.E. sceppe + welle']

SARD (Fr.) Sardinian [Fr. Sarde; f. Sardi,

the name of the early inhabitants of

Sardinia, the Gr. SardB (SopSii]

SARE, V. Sayer (esp. Celt.).

SARGANT

SARGEANT \v. Sergeant.

SARGENT J

SARGINSON, Sargent's Son: v. Sargent,
Sergeant.

SARG 00 D (Teut.) the O.Teut. Saragaud, etc. =

Armoured Goth [O.H.Ger. saro = Goth.

sarwa = O.N.sdrui= O.E. 5(ff)aro, armour,

etc. + Gaud, Gaut, Goth]

SARJANT "1

SARJEANTr-S«''S«*"t-

SARL "

SARLEJv. Serle.
SARLL.

SARSON 1 I Sare's or Saver's Son: v.
SARSEN / Sayer.

2 Sarah's Son [Heb. Sdrdh, princess]

3 Saracen [Fr. Sarrasin, Lat. Saracenus,
Gr. SofiaKi)i/(5s, Arab, sharqln, pi. of sharqiy.

Eastern]
Amonges Sarzens and Jewes
They mowen [may] be saved so. —

Piers Plowman, 6312-13.

SARVANTHA.-Fr.-Lat.) Servant [Fr. ser-
SARVENT J vattt;i.serwr,La.t.seniire,to serve]

Sass

137

Sawman

SASS 1 (Fr.-LaU Dweller at a WILLOW-
SASSE J Tree [O.Fr. sas for sals, etc., Lat.

salix]

(Teut.) Dweller at a Lock or Sluice
[Dut. sas]

SATCHELL, the French Sachel: i a palatal
form of 5ac [v. Sack"] with the Fr. dim.
suff. -el, Lat. -ell-us.

(occ^ 2 a North, form, with dim. sufi.

-el, of Fr. sage = Wise [Lat. sapj-us {sapi-

tts), f. sapere, to be wise]

SATTERLEE UEng.) Bel. to Satterleigh
SATTERLEIGH (Devon) = SiETER's Lea
SATTERLEY [O.E. ledh, a lea : the pers.
SATTERLY na.meSieter is i that seen in

SATURLEY j 'Saturday,' A.-Sa.x. Sceter-
dceg (Lat, Satumi dies) ; 2 the O.E. sdetere,
a waylayer, spy]

SATTERTHWAIT "I (Scand.) Bel. to Satter-
SATTERTHWAITE J thwaite (N. Lanes), i6th
cent. Saterthwaite, Satterthwkat = the Hill-
Pasture Clearing [O.N. satr (pi,), hill-
pastures, dairy-land -f Tfueit, a clearing]

SAUCE'R (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Sauce - Maker [Fr.

saucier; f. sauce, Lat. salsa, a thing salted ;

Lat. sals-, salted]

Robert le Sauser. — Hund. Rolls.

SAUL \ (Heb.) Asked For [Heb. ShdAl, pp.
SAU LL J of the root shdal, to ask]

(Eng.) Bel. to Saul (Glouc), app. an
irreg. form of Sale, q.v.

(Fr.-Teut.) Dweller at a Willow-Tree
.[Fr. saule, O.H.Ger. salaha (= O.E. s{e)alh),

a willow]

(rarely) (Celt.) Dweller at a Barn [Gael,
(and Ir.) sabhal{l (ph as «]

''The name Saul, in the Barony of
Lecale Lower, County Down, is a con-
tracted form of sabhall, ' a barn.' It takes
its name from the barn presented to St.
Patrick by Dicho, the chief of thi, district,
for the purposes of his missiorc in the
north of Ireland after his expulsion from
Wicklow."-^

Reeves, Eccl. Antiq. ; Matheson, Rev. Gen.
Topog.JndexIrel.igoi (igog), p. 30.

SAULSBURYI _ eaii«,K..-w nr,
SAULSBERY)=®*''®''"*'y''i-'-

SAU N BY (Scand.) Bel. to Saundby (Notts)
i2th cent. Sandebi = (app.) the Sandy
Farm or Estate [O.N, sand-r, sand + b^-rj

SAUNDER for Sander (Alexander), q.v.

We find Saunder and Saundre, as well as
Sander and Sandre, in the 13th -cent.
Hundred-Rolls; '

SAUNDERS, Saunder's (Son).

SAUNDERSON, Saunder's Son.

SAVAGE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Wild, Fierce [O.Fr.
salvage (Fr. sauvage), Lat. silvaticus, be-
longing to a forest, wild — silva, a forest]

See Salvage.

SAVARY \ (Fr.-Teut. ) the French Savary,
SAVERY J O.Teut. Sabari<:(h, etc. = Mind-
Powerful [O.H.Ger. sdba- = O.Sax.
sebo {sevo) = O.E. sefu = O.N. sefi, mind,
heart -{- O.H.Ger rlc(h, rihhi = O.Sax.
riki = O.E. rice = O.N. rlk-r, mighty,

powerful]

Richard Saveri. — Hund. Rolls.

This name was Latinized both as
Savaricus and Savericus, the former, e.g.,
being the Latinization (a.d. 1206) of the
name of a French chevalier Pierre Savary.

SAVIDGE for Savage, q.v.

SAVILE "I (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Saville or

SAVILL • Sauville (France) = the Willow

SAVILLE ) Farm, Estate, or Village [Dial.

Fr. sd (Walloon), sau (Picard.),sa/s (Norm.),

Lat. salix, a willow + Fr. ville, Lat. villa]

SAVORY for Savary, q.v.

SAW (A.-Fr.-Lat.) for the French Z)eZ Saux =
Of the Willow [O.Fr. saux, Lat. salix,

a willow]

(Teut.) a late contr. of Saward, q.v.

SAWARD (Eng.) Sea-Guard (Coast-Guard)
[A.-Sax. ^w(e)ard — s(b, sea -t- w(e)ard,

guard]

Sdsward was the name of one of the
three pagan sons (the others were Seaxrfid
and Sigeberht) of Scfeberht, king of Essex
(d. A.D. 616).

The Domesday form was Sauardus ; the
Hundred-Rolls (Norf.) fojm Saward.

Cp. Seward.

SAWKIN = Saw (Teut.) q.v., •{■ the E. dim.
suff. -kin [O.L.Ger. -k-in]

ISKIs}^— '^(Son). ,

SAWLE, V.Saul.

SAWLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Sawley (Yorks' : the

Domesday Sallaia, Sallai; Derby, etc.)

I the Willow-Lea [O.E. s(e)alh, a willow

+ ledh, a lea]

2 the Hall-Lea [O.E. stel, a hall -(-

ledh]

SAWMAN for Salman, Salmon, q.v.

The Hundred-Rolls forms were Sau-
mau and Saumon.

Sawrey

138

Saylor

SAWREY (Scand.) Bel. to Sawrey (N. Lanes).
[There are no sufficiently early forms ex-
- tant to enable the etymology of the name
to be fixed definitely, but the existence of
two Wray place-names on the same
west side of Lake Windermere makes it
extremely probable that we have here,
also, the O.N. urd, a nook, corner ; and the
first element (if the i6th-cent. form Sow-
raie can be taken as a guide) may be the
Scand. so, a sow — hardly for, O.N. selia
= O.Angl. salh, a willow]

SAX ) (Teut.) the A.-Sax. Seaxa, Saxa =,
SAXE { O.N. Saxi, from (a) the ethnic name
(= Saxon) [O.E. S{e)axe = O.N. Saxar,
Saxons], (p) the word (= Sword) which
is considered to be the orig. of the ethnic
name [O.E. s{e)ax = O.Ftis. O.N. sax =
O.H.Ger. saHs, a short sword, knife]

S(e)axa was sometimes merely a pet
form of a pers. name of which S(e)ax- was
the first element, as SffflArftaW. Saxa anA
Saxo occur in Domesday-Book.

I Occasionally this name may be a

modern Anglicization of the corresp. Ger-
man Sacks{e; and also represent the
borrowed Irish Sacs, Enghshman, Saxon.

SAXBY (Scand.) Bel. to Saxby (Leic, Line.'

[for the first element see under Sax ; and

-1- O.N. 6ji-r, farm, estate, settlement]

Saxbee was a lyth-cent. form of the
name which prob. survives in America.

SAXELBY \ (Scand.) Bel. to Saxelby (Line. :

SAXELBYE; 13th cent. Saxelby; Leic.) =

Saxel's Estate [the pers. name is that

seen under Sax, with the addit. of the

dim. suff. -(e)/ (cp. Saxlingham) : h

O.N. bi-r, estate, etc.]

SAXLINGHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Saxlingham

(Norf.«) = the Home of the Seax(e)l

Family [A.-Sax. Seaxlinga-hdm (a.d. 1046):

V. under Saxelby, ahd + -inga, genit. pi.

of the fll. suff. -ing -f ham, home, estate]

SAXON I a syncopated form of Saxton, q.v.

2 Sax's Son : v. Sax.

3 the name may sporadically represent
the ethnic term Saxon, but poss. more
likely as a transl. ot the Germ. Sachs(e
[Lai . Saxones, Saxons ; O.E. S(e)axan, pi. :

V. under Sax]

SAXTON (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Sacristan, Sexton

[A.-Fr. sacristan (Fr. sacristain), L.Lat.

sacristan-US ; f. L.Lat. sacrista, 'guardian

of sacred things' ; f. Lat. sacer, sacred]

Hugh Sacristan.— /r««i. Rolls.

(Eng.) Bel. to Saxton (Yorks), Domes-
day Saxtutt [*. under Sax, and 4- O.E.
tUn, farm, estate]

SAY (Fr.) I Bel. to Sai (Orne, Norm.).
Hugh de Say.— Hund. Rolls.

2 Wise, Prudent [B6arn dial, saye ;
Lai.sag-us, prophetic, sopthsayi ng, whence

Lat. saga, a fortune-teller]

William le Saye.—Hund. Rolls.

3 a nickname from the O.Fr. (and
South.Fr,) saye (Fr. sale), a Tunic, (Mili-
tary), Cloak [Lat. *saga, sag-urn, a coarse
woollen mantle ; also the plaid of the
Celts, a mihtary cloak ; Gaul. *sdg- (cp.
Wei. seg-an, a cloak, and Bret, seig, 'petite

robe ']

(Eng.) Dweller by, the Sea [M.E. sey,
see, O.E. sik, sea (== Ger. see (pron. say\

" The family of Say are found entered
as Attsee and de la See in the Yorkshire
Visitation, i563-"— Bardsley, p. 669.

SAYCE 1 (A.-Celt.-Teut.) Saxon, Englishman

SAYSE J [Wel. sais : cp. Gael. Sas-unn-ach =

Ir. Sas-ann-ach, Englishman, SaXon: v.

under Sax]

» An early-i4th-cent. Bishop of Bangor
was surnamed Seys] a Kenrick Seys is
mentioned in the Cheshire Chamberlain's
Accdunts for 1303-4; and an ap Evan
Sais occurs in ai7th-cent. Glouc. Visitation.
(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Willow-
Tree [Dial. Fr. sdce, O.Fr. sas, sals, etc. ;
Lat. salix, a willow]

SAYER (Celt.) Carpenter, Wright [Wel.
saer= Corn. saer,sair= Ir. and Gael, saor}
. . . marchauc a elwit Saer
(. . . a cavalier-^knight— -called Saer).—
Bruty Tywysogion, A.E). iioo.
Saer Bude.— /?««</. Rolls.
Cp. Maclntyre.

( A.-Fr.-Lat. ) Assayer ; Taster [f. ,
A.-Fr. assai, assay (Fr. essai: cp. Fr.
essayeur, assayer), a test -f the agent, suff.
■er ; Lat. exagium, a weighing]
Thyn assayar schalle be an hownde,
To assaye thy mele before the. —

MS. Cantab. ; Halliwell, p. 96.

The process of "taking say" or "assay"

of a dead deer consisted in " drawing a

knife along the belly . . . beginning at

the brisket."~T. Wright, p. 1 1 1.

(Teut.) a palatal form of Sagen, Sagar
q.v.

Sayer Herberd.— /?««</. Rolls.
John Sayer.— iJo.

BAYERS, Sayer's (Son) : v. Sayer. .

SAYLE = Sale, q.v.

SAYLER1 ■ ., „ .,
SAYLOR J ~ S^'l^ri Sailor, q.v.

Sayles

139

Scathlock

SAYLES = Sales, q.v.
SAYNOR = Seanor- for Senior, q.v.
SAYSE, V. Sayoe.
SAYWARD, V. Saward.
SCADLOCK, V. Scathlock.

SCAFE I ( Scand. ) Wild ; Awkward ;

SCAIFE I Crooked, Wry [Dial. N.E, scafe,

SCAIFF J etc. ; Dan.-Norw. skiav, crooked,

wry ; O.N. skeif-r]

SCAILES\fScand.) Bel. to Scales (Lane.;

SCALES I Cumb., Westmd., etc.) ; or Dweller

at the Huts or Sheds [O.N. skdli, a hut,

shed]

The Lane. Scales occurs about 1200 as
Scalis.

SCAMBLER (A.-Lat.) Shamble or Meat-
Stall Keeper [f. M.E. scifi)amel, etc., O.E.
scamol, a bench, stool + the agent. sufT.
-ere ; Lat. scamell-um : cp. Lat. scamn-um,
a bench, stool]

SCAM ELL 1 (A.-Lat.) Of the Shamble [see

SCAM M ELL j under the preceding name;

and cp. Dan.-Norw. skammel, a stool]

In the Esse* Hundred-Rolls we find de
la Scamele and de la Schamele.

(Scand.) the O.Dan, pers. name S6a»«»««/

and Skamil, considered by Bugge and

Rygh to be short for Skamkell (' Nials

Saga ') [O.N. skamm-^, short -j- -Ml for

' ketill, (sacrificial) kettle]

SCAMP (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Fugitive [i. O.Fr.

esc(h)amper, to decamp ; 'Lz.t.ex, from, and

I camp-US, a field]

SCAMPSTON (Scand.) Bel. to Scampston(E.

Yorks), the Domesday Scameston =

Skamm's Enclosure or Homestead [the

genit. of O.N. siatnm-r, short -f- tiln\

SCAMPTON (Scand.) Bel. to Scampton (Lines)

[the etym. is doubtless the same as in the

preceding name]

SCAN LAN \ (Ir.) the Irish Scannldn (O'Scann-
SCMiLOH yldin) = Scannal (v. Soannell) -f
, the dim. suff., -ii«.

SCAN NELL (Ir.) the Irish Scamal(l (O'Scann-

ail), O.Ir. Scandal (a.d. 775, 881, etc.) [app.

(like Gael, sgannal, Scandal) a borrowing

from Lat. scandal-um, Gr. aKivSaX-av, a

snare, stumbling-block]

SCAR 1(Scand.) Dweller by a Rock or Cliff

SCARR; [M.E. and Scot. scar{re; O.N. slxr

(Dan,-Norw. slijter), a rock]

Beneath a scar. —

Burns, ' A Winter Night,' 18.

SCARBORO 1 (Scand.) Bel. to Scar-

SCARBOROUGH borough (Yorks), 13th and

SCARBROW J 14th cent. Scard{e)burgh =

the Castle at the Gap [0-N. skar^, a gap,

cleft (applied as a nickname to one with

a hare-lip) -t- borg, a stronghold]

(Scand.) i a nickname from the
Cormorant [O.N. skarf-r']

SCARF
SCARFE
SCARFF
SCARFFE

(occ.) 2 for Soarth, q.vi.

' Scarf Gap,' Cumb., is prob. for ' Scarth
Gap,' and therefore tautological.

SCARGILLl (Scand.) Bel. to Scargill (N.

SCARGLE J Yorks), 14th cent. Scargill = the

Scar-Ravine [see under Soar, and H-

O.N. gil, a ravine]

SCARISBRICK \ (Scand.) Bel. to Scarisbrick
SCARASBRICK (Lanes), 13th cent. Scares-
SCARRISBRICK ■brec{k, Scarisbrec, Skaresbrek
SCARSBRiCK [the consistent occurrence
SCARSBROOK jofthe genit. smakes it toler-
ably certain that the first element is a pers.
name, prob. the well-known O.Scand.
Skar^ii = hare-lip (from O.N. sfejrtS, a gap,
cleft) : — 4- brekka, a slope]

SCARLETT (A.-Fr.-Pers.) Of Scarlet Com-
plexion or Dress [M.E.' scarlet(t,, O.Fr.
escarlate (Fr. dcarlate) ; Pers. sflqaldt, etc.,
scarlet cloth]

Robin Hood'scompanion,Will Scarlet(t,
seems to have been so nicknamed from the
colour of his attire —
And Scarlett he was flyinge a-foote
Fast over stocke and stone. —

Robin Hood and Guy of Gisborne, S7-8.

SCARTH (Scand.) i Bel. to Scarth ; or Dweller
at the Gap or Cleft [O.N. skat^

A ' Scard Hundret ' occurs in the Yorks
Domesday-Book, prob. the Scharth of the
Yorks PoU-Tax, a.d. 1379 ; and there is a
Scarth-Hill in Lanes.

2 Hare-Lip

[same etymology]

SCATCHARD \ a difficult name, but not un-
SCATCHERD J likely a palatalized form of the
O.N. skakk-r, ' wry,' ' skewr ■ (Skakk is a
modem Norw. christian name) -f- the Fr.
dim. or intens. suff. -ard, O.Teut. hard,
'hard,' 'brave.' Hardly f., the mod. Fr.
fscachsi a scatch or bridle-bit ; but not
irnpossibly from O.N.Fr. escache (of L.Ger.
orig.), O.Fr. eschace, whence Fr. ichasse, a
stilt, and a nickname for any long-legged
bird, such as the heron.

SCATHLOCK (Scand.), found in the Notts
Hundred-Rolls as Scatheloc, may be a
compound olSka'Si [cp. O.N. sAaSi, scathe,

Scattergood

140

Scolding

harm] (the Norse goddess who fixed the
snake over Loki) and O.N. lokk-r, a lock of
hair. It seems to have been the real sur-
name of Will Scarlet (v. under Scarlett) —
Johne, and Moche, andWyWe Scathlok —
Robyn Hode and the Munke, 253.

SCATTERGOOD ( Eng. ) a nickname for
I a Philanthropist.

2 a Spendthrift [M.E. sc(h)ateren, O.E.
scaterian, to scatter ; M.E. go{p)d, O.E.' gdd,

good]

Wimcote Schatregod. — Hund. Rolls.

. . . which intimites a man to act the

consumption of his own fortunes, to be a

scatter-good. — Sanders, Physiognomie, 1653;

Nares, ed. 1888.

SCAWBY (Scand.) Bel. to Scawby (Lines) ; or

Dweller at the Place of the Huts or

Sheds [O.N. sidli, a hut, shed + 6^-r]

*

SCAWSBY (Scand.) Bel. to Scawsby or

Scausby (Yorks), 14th cent. Scaushy,

Scausceby, Domesday Scalehebi =,Skalk's

or the Servant's Farmstead [O.N.

skdlk-r (genit. skdlks), servant + 6^-r]

SCAWTON (Scand.) Bel. to Scawton (Yorks)
the Domesday Scaltun = the Place of the
Huts or Sheds [O.N. skdli, a hut, shed

+ tun\

SCHOALES, V. Scholes.

SCHOFIELD (Scand. + Eng.) Bel. to Scho-
field, prop. Sc(h)olefield ( Lanes ) : v.
Schol(e)field.

SCHOLEFIELD\ (Scand. + Eng.) Bel. to

SCHOLFIELD J Scholefield or Scolefield

(Lanes), 14th cent. Scholefeld, Scolefeld

— the Hut- or Shed-Field [M.E. sc(}t)ole,

a form of O.N. skdli, a hut, shed -|- M.E.

O.E. /rid]

It is tempting to see the M.E. scale,
' a school,' in this name ; but analogy is
against the assumption. The various
Northern places called 'Scholes' corres-
pond with the various Northern ' Scales ' ;
the Manx ' Se(h)olaby,' e.g., was formerly
Scaleby ; and the M.E. scale, ' a bowl,' is
the O.N. skdl.

8CH0LER ] (A.-Lat. and A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.)

SCHOLLAR Scholar [O.E. scalere, Lat.

SCHOULARD J jcAo/ans; also O.Ft. escol(i)er

(mod. Scalier), f. 0,Fr. escole, Lat. sc(h)ola,

Gr. (txoXt}, a school]

SCHOLES (Scand.) Bel. to Scholes (Yorks ;
Lanes) ; a form of Scales, q.v.
Adam de Scoles. —

Lane. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1285.

William del Scoles. —

Lane. Fines, A.D. 1342.
Ricardus del Scoles. —

Yarks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.
Johannes del Scholes. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A-.'D. 1379.
See the note under Schol(e)field.

SCHOLEY 1 (Scand. -I-Eng.) Bel. to Sc(h)oley
SCHOOLEY;(Yorks), leth csnl. SchoUy, 14th

cent. Sco/fly= the Hut- or Shed-Lea [M.E.

sc{h)ole, a form of O.N. skdli. a hut, shed
-1- M.E. ley, lay, O.E. ledK]

(Celt.) the O.Irish pers. name Scalaighe
or Scolaigi: v. Scully.

SCHOOLCRAFT. Dweller at i the HuTr or

Shed-Croft [M.E. sc(h)ale, a form of O.N.

skdli, a hut, shed -|- M.E. craft, a North.

form of O.E. craft, a small field]

Richard de Schalecroft. —

Lane. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1246.

2 the School-Croft [M.E. scale, O.E.

scal(uand.O.¥i. escole, Lat. sehala, a school]

SCISSONS, V, Sissons.

SCLATER (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Slater [M.E.
sclatterie, sclater(e; f. (with agent, suff, -er(e)
M.E. sclat{e, a slate, O.Fr. eselat (Ft.
Mat), a splinter; cp. O.Sax. sUtan =
O.H.Ger. sUzan (mod. schleissen) = O.E.
slitan, to spHt, slit, tear]
Adam le Sclattere. —

Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.
John le Sclatter.— -
Chesh. Chmbrlns.' Accts., A.D. 1312-13.

. . . smythis, wrichtis.masonis.cuparis,
sclateris. —

Burgh Reeds, of Aberdeen, A.D. 1531.

SCOBELL 1

SCOBLE I *PP-^°'^™sofScovelI,Soovill,q.v.

SCOBIE (Scand.) i Dweller at the Wood-
Farm [O.N. skdg-r, a wood -f b^-r, farm,

estate]
2 a form of Scawby, q.v.

IcOFIELD^ } '• Sohofleld, Schol(e)fleld.

SCOGAN 1 (? Celt.) app. f. Gael, sgag (pron.
SCOGGIN \skog), 'idler,' 'fool,' with the dim.
8C0GIN J suff. -dn, -in; corresponding to
Wei ysgogyn, ' fop,' ' flatterer.'

SCOGGINS, Scoggin's (Son) : v. Sooggln.

SCOLDING (Scand.) Dane, Scandinavian;
Scalding [from the Danish royal family
the Skioldungar (cp. 'Skidldunga Saga') =
Descendants of Skiold : O.N. skiSld-r,
skiald- (Dan.-NorwisWoW, Swed. sfe/i)i a

shield]

Scoles

141

Scott

SCOLES, V. Scholes, Scales.

SCONE \ (Celt.) Bel. to Scone (Perth), 12th
SCOONE /.cent. Scoone, nth cent. Scoiwe (and
Sgoinde) [etymology uncertain ; but as the
place is in the Pictish country, we must
(as in the case of ' Perth ') look to Cymric
rather than Gaelic for the origin of the
name : perh. the Pict. cognate of Wei. cwn,
a top, summit (prob, allied to, if not
borrowed from, Lat, con-us, Gr. kQv-os, a
cone, peak, apex), with the intens. prefix
ys, as in Wei. ysgil, a nook (from cil),
ystref, a dweUing (from tref), ystred, a
village (from tred]

SCOONIE (Celt.) Bel. to Scoonie (Fife), 13th

cent. Sconyn, 12th cent. Sconin [doubtless

the same origin as Soo(o)neXq.v.), with

the di^i. suff. -yn, -in, Anglicized to -fe]

SCORER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Scourer, Scout, Spy

[M.E. scorer ; f. CKFr. escorre, escourre, to

run out — Lat. excurrere]

SCORESBY (Scand.) for Soawsby, q.v.

SCORRAR, V. Scopep.

"1 (Eng.) Bei; to Scotforth or
SCOTFORTH f Sc ' "

SCOTFORD

scotford (Lanes), 13th cent.
Scotfordy Scotfford, Scoteford, Domesday
Scozforde (s = ts) = the Scot's Ford [v.
Scott, and + M.E. O.E./orrf]
As there is no river at Scotforth, the
ford or forth must have been a way over
wet (marsh-) land.

SCOTLAND (Celt. + Teut.) One from (i)

Scotland ; (2) Ireland [v. under Scott,

and + Teut. land]

The name of two small places called
Scotland in Lines and Yorks is prob.
imitative. It is hardly from O.E. ge)scot=
O.N. skot, 'a tax,' 'payment,' because we
do not find a corresponding palatal
'Shoiland.'

William de Scotland. —

Inq. P.M., A.D. 1286.

H6r f(5r M]ie[stS.n: cyning on Scotland,
cbg]>eT ge mid land here ge mid scip here,
and his micel ofer-hergode.

(In this year King iEthelstan went into
Scotland, with both a land-army and a
fleet, and harried much of it).^-

, A.-Sax. Chron. A.D. 933.

SCOTNEY. Bel. to Scotney = Scota's Is-
land (or Waterside) [A. Sax. *Scotanlg
—Scotan-, genit. oi Scota (either f. O.N.E.
and 0.^ast.'E,.ge)scot, arrow, shot, scot (as
in scot-frio), or (more likely) the Celt,
name : v. Scott) -t- Hf)g, island, etc.]

Scotney Castle, SiisSex, is said to have
been built by and named from Walter de
Scoteni. Several persons named de
Scoteni, de Scbteney, or de Scotenye are
mentioned in the Lincolnshire Hundred-
Rolls ; and the spot prob. existed in that
county or bordering ones.

SCOTSON, (the) Scot's Son : v. under Scott.

SCOTT (A.-Celt.) orig. Irishman; later
Scotchman [O.E. Scottas (pi.), Irish ;
later Scotch ; Lat. Scott (first appearing in
the 4th cent, in Amm. Marcellinus,'who
fought in Gaul). The etymology has, of
course, been much discussed ; but it is al-
most certain that Isidore of Seville was
right in saying (6th cent.) that the Scotti
were so named from their habit of what
we now call tattooing the body, in which
case the connexion is evidently with
E.Irish scoth-aim (mod. Ir. sgath-aim), I
cut, lop, Gael, sgath, to cut, lop, and Wei.
ysgwthr, a cutting or carving, a lop ; cog-
nate with Gr. skhdzo {<rx.i,ia), I cut, and E.

scathe]

Scotti propria lingua nomen habent a
picto corpore, eo quod aculeis ferreis '
cum atramento variarum figurarum stig-
mate adnotentur. —

Isidorus, Etymologic, IX. ii. 103.

And }>rfe Scottas c6mon t6 ^Ifrede
cyninge on ^num batebtitan c&lcum ger6J^
rum of Hibernia.

(And three Scots came to King .Alfred in

a boat, without any oars, from Ireland). —

A.-Saxon Chron., A-D. 891.

Scotta le^da, and scip fiotan,

fcfege fe6llon.

(The soldiers of the Scots, and the ship-
men, doomed fell). —

'Song of Brunanburh,' 11-12 ; A.-Sax.
Chron., A.D. 937.

Mid Scottum ic waes, and mid Peohtura
(With the Scots I was, and with the
Victs). —WidsfS (The Traveller), 159.

Mil o vluydyned oed oet Crist pan
diffeithuyt Dulyn y gan yr Yscoteit.

(1000 was the year of Christ when
Dubhn was laid waste by the Scots). —

Bruty Tywysogion, A.D. 1000.

Scot was used by Chaucer as a horse-
name —

This Reve sat upon a ful goodstot, r
■ That was al pomely grey and highte
Scot. — Prol. Cant. Tales, 615-16.

Noe, Douglas, quoth Erie Percy then.
Thy proffer I doe scorne ;
I will not yeelde to any 5w«
That ever yett was borne.-'ChevyChase'
(more modern ballad), 153-6; Percy's Reliques.

Scotten

142

Scrosie

Scot le Garzun. — Patent Rolls, A.D.123S.

Roger le Scot. — Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.

Adam Skotte [a relic of the O.N. spell-
ing Skotar, Scots].—

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

SCOTTEN . Bel to Scotton (Lines : 13th
SCOTTON J cent. Scotton(e; Yorks' : Domes-
day Scottune, ScOtone, Scottine) [v. under
Sootney, and -|- O.E. or O.N. t^n, farm-
stead, estate ; but the possibility of one or
more of the place-names representing (as
to the first demerit) the O.N. skdg'T, a
wood, cannot be excluded]

SCOTTS, Scott's (Son) : v. Soott.

SCOULER "1

SCOULLAR r°'^ Soholer, Schollar, q.v.

SCOVELL \ ('A,-Fr.) Bel. to Escoville (Calva-
SCOVI L aos,NormJ [the first element may
SCOVILL be the O.Fr. Escot, a Scot : Escot
SCOVILLE J is a French surname (v. Scott) -f-
Fr. ville, Lat. villa, a farm, estate]

But the spelling Escoldivilla, a.d. i 109,
hardly bears out the suggested etymology.

SCOWCROFT (Scand. + Eng.) Bel. to Scow-
croft (S.Lancs), 14th cent. Scoleeroft =
the Hut- or Shed-Croft £v. under
Scholefield, and -|- M.E. O.E. croft, a

small field]

In 1689-go members of the same family
at Haugh, Lanes, were called Scowcroft
and Scoleeroft.

Cp. Schoolcraft.

SCOWLE, V. Skull.

SCRAFTON (Eng.) Bel. to Scrafton (Yorks),
the Domesday Scraftun = the Cave- or
Den-Enclosure [O.E. scraf + ttin\

SCRAGG (Scand.) a nickname for a Thin,

Bony Person [Dial. E. scrag: cp. Dial.

Swed. skraka, a scraggy person ; and O.N.

skroggslig-r, scraggy]

Cp. Soroggie.

SCRAGGS, Scragg's (Son) : v. Scpagg.

l§RAT§HERS}f-Scatchard,q.v.

SCRATON ] App. merely assim. forms of
SCRATTON V Scrafton, q.v. If, however,
SCREATQN J ' Scrat(t)on' were really a dis-
tinct place-name the first element might
be that seen in ' Scratby ' (Norfolk), which
one could have considered to be referable
to a pers. name or nickname from O.N.
skratti, ' wizard,' ' magician,' if it did not
apparently occur as ScroMteftj in an iith-
cent. land-grant ('Cart, Sax.' no. 1017).

SCRIBEN ]
SCRIBENER \ ■■
SCRIBNER J

Scrlven, Scrivener, q.v

SCRIBENS = Scrivens, q.v.

SCRIMGEOUR \

SCRIMIGER

SCRIMMENGER

SCRIMMERGErL= Skrimshire, q.v.

SCRIMSHAW [

SCRYMGEOUR

SCRYMIGER /

SCRIPPS, a form (with prefixed S-) of Cripps
for Crisp, q.v.

In the Cambridgeshire Hundred-Rolls
the same person is referred to as Scrips
and Scrisp.

SCRIPTOR (Lat.) Writer, Clerk, Secre-
tary, Author [Lat. scriptor]

William Scriptor. — Hund. Rolls.

SCRIPTURE for Scriptor, q.v.

SCRIVEN ] (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Scribe, Public
SCRIVENER Writer,Clerk [M.E. scrivein,
SCRIVENOR J scriveyn, scrivayn, etc. (the sur-
name ' Scrivener,' etc., is a later form with
the agent, suff. -er), O.Fr. escrivain (Fr.
icfivaiti), L.Lat. scriban-us, f. Lat. scriba,

a scribe]
Margaret Scrivein. —

Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.
, Johannes Scryvener. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

Adam Scriveyn, if ever it thee bifalle
BcEce or Troylus for to writen newe,
Under thy long lokkes thou most have
the scalle [scab]

But after my making thou write more
trewe.— Chaucer's Words unto Adam, his
owne Scriveyn.
(Eng.) ' Scriven ' is also from the W.
Yorks place-name Scriven, Domesday
Scravinge, O.Angl. *ScreBfinguin, dat. ,of
*Scrafingas = the Scr^ef Family [the
pers. name is app. a form of the 0;E.
scrceb, m., a bird-name (perh. that of the
cormorant) -|- the pi. of the fil. suff. -ing'\

' William de Skrevyn ' occurs in a
Yorkshire record of 1309-10,

SCRIVENS, the Scriven's (Son) : v Scriven
(A.-Fr.-Lat.)

SCROGGIE] (Scand.) i a nickname for a

SCROGGY V Scraggy person [v. under

SCROGIE J Scragg]

2 Dweller at a Scraggy place, i.e. one

covered with stunted undergrowth or

brushwood [Scot, and North, and East E. :

V. under Scragg]

Amang the braes sae scroggie. —

Burns, ' My Hoggie,' 8.

Scruby

143

Seadon

SCRUBY (Scand.) Bel. to Scrooby (Notts),
13th cent. Scrobby, Domesday Scrobye.

[O.N. by-r farm, estate : app. the first
element is the pers. name, Scropi or
iicroppi {Skro(p)pt), seen in the ' Seroppen
Jjorpe 'of a Notts charter a.d. 958
('Cart.fSax.' no. 1044) and noted by Rygh, .
' Gamle [Old] Personnavne ' (p. 226), as
occurring in the name of two places in
Norway called ' Skroparud ' (Skropa-,
• genit. oi Skropt).

SCRUTON 1 (N. Eng. or Scand.) Bel. to
SCRUTTON J Scruton (N. Yorks), i4th cent.
Scruton, the Domesday Scurueton(e=
Scurfa's or Skurfa's Farmstead [O.E.
O.N. tun, enclosure, farm, etc. : the pers.
name is a descriptive nickname for a
scurvy individual from either O.N.E.
scurf, scruf, or O.West Norse skurfa
(Dan.-Norw. skurv), scurf : a Scand. jarl,
Scurfa (for Skurfa), is mentioned in the
A. - Saxon Chronicle under 911 as
being killed in that year : Biprkman
('Nordische Personennamen in England,'
p, 124) notes from Finnur Jfinsson the oc-
currence of Skurfa as an 0. Scand. nick-
name ; and Scutf is enumerated as an
O.Dan, name (Nielsen, ' Olddanske Per-
sonnavne, p. 85) — so that the place-name
is most likely Scandinavian]

SCRYlVIGEOUR\_ei,„i„»i,:„„ „„
SCRYMGIOUR } = Sknmah.re, q.v.

SCUDAMORE, v. Skidmore.

SCULLY (Celt.) the Irish Scolaidhe, Scolaighe

[the homophonous -aidhe and -aighe are

personal or agential suffs. : the ste,m may

be O.Ir. scol = Bret, skol = Wei. ysgol

(all from Lat. schola), a school]

Scolaigi Ua h-Aedhacain, ri Dartraigi

(Scolaighe, grandson of Aedhacan, king
of Dartry). — - 1

Annala Uladh {Annals of Ulster), A.D. 946-7.

After the English invasion the family of

O'ScolaidheoT O' Scolaighe, now Scully, were

driven into the county of Tipperary. —

O'Donovan, Topog. Poems, p. 25.

There seems to have been some con-
fusion with Skelly, q.v.

SCULTHORPE (Scand.) Bel. to Sculthorpe
(Norf.;, 14th cent. Sculthorp [O-N. ]forp, 'an
isolated farm,' village : the first element
is the O.N. and O.Swed. pers. name Skuli
(mod. Norw. Skule), f. a var. of O.N. sk^la,
to shelter, protect, Dan.-Norw. skiule,
same meaning; cp. Dan.-Norw. shul, a
shelter, protection]

SCUNTHORPE (Scand.) Bel., to Scunthorpe
(Lines) [O.N. ^orp, 'an isolated farm,'
village : the first element is the Dan.-
Norw. skion = Swed. skdn, beautiful, fair
— doubtless used as a pers. name]

8CURR (Scand.) f. the fairly common O.N,

pers. name Skorri [prob. a descriptive

nickname and conn, with O.N. sHor, a cut,

notch, score]

SCURRY = Sourr (q.v.) + the E. dim. suff. -y.

SCUJT (Scand.) i Swift, Fleet, Quick;
Short {O.^. ski6t-r (= O.E. scedi]

2 a nickname from the Hare [Dial. E.
scut, a hare; same etymol. as i]

William le Scut. — Hund. Rolls,

Hugh le Skut.^ , do.

Cp. Skeat.

SCUTTS, Scutt's (Son) : v. Soutt.

8EABER (Eng. and Scand.) for i the A.-Sax.

(fem.) name Sigeburh =i Victorious

Stronghold .[O.E. sige, victory 4- burh

({.), a fortified place]

2 the O.Scand. (fera.) name (a) Sigborg

= Victorious Stronghold [O.N. sig-r,

victory -|- borg (f.), a stronghold]

(6) Sigbiorg = Victorious Help [O.N.
sig-r + bisrg (f.), help, deliverance]

Sigborg is mostly Danish and Swedish ;
Sigbiorg (sometimes apocopated to
Si^fiibr), Norwegian.

Both Seber and Siber are found in the
Hundred-Rolls.

SEABERT, V. Sebright, noting the cognate
Fr.-Teut. Sebert.

SEABORN
SEABORNE
SEABOURN
SEABOURNE

= Sibopne, q.v.

SEABRIGHT=SebPight, q.v.

SEABROOK ■|(Eng.) Bel. to Seabrook

SEABROOKEJ (Bucks), early 17th cent.,

Sedbrooke = the Lake-Brook [O.E. jc6,lake,

sea-j-6r(Jc, brook]

Early spellings are lacking ; but there
do not seem to be any grounds for assum-
ing here that ' Sea-' is for ' Sheep ' as
appears to be the case with Seabridge,
Staffs.

SEACOMBE (Eng.) Bel. to Seacombe ; or

SECCOMBE Dweller at the Sea- or.LAKE-

SECOMBE J Combe [O.E. sck, sea, lake-f-

cumb (Celt.), valley]

Seacombe, Cheshire, was Secoumbe,

Secomifi, Secum, a.d. 1301-4.

SEADON (Eng.) Dweller at the Hill by the

Sea or Lakp [O.E. sds, sea, lake+diin,

' hill]

Seafowl

144

Sebrigrht

SEAFOWL (Eng. and Scand.) the A.-Sax.

pers. name Sdfugel, Sckfugul, O.N. Sidfugl

=Sea-Fowl (perh. more specifically the

Cormorant) [O.E. sdi = 0.^. si6, sea+O.E.

/M^e/, &c. = O.N./«j-/, fowl]

SefugM and Sefoul were the 13th-
cent. forms.

SEAGAR "I
SEAGERJ

SEAGARS
SEAGERS

= Segap, Segep, q.v.

j =Segars,

q.v.

SEAGRAVE I (Eng.) Bel. to Seagrave, 13th
, SEAGROVEJ cent. Segrave = the Lake-
Grove [O.E. sik, lake, s^a.+grdf, grcive]

SEAL \ (Eng.) Bel. or Seal ; or Dweller at ot
SEALE I by a Hall [O.E. sele, sal, a hall]

fela ]>c6ra wses...
j)e jiaet win-reced,
gest-je/e gyredon,

Cp.

many of those were...
who the wine-house,
(the) guest-Aa// prepared.

Bedwulf, 1989-92.

Sale and Zeal

SEALBY=Selby, q.v.

SEALER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Seal-Maker [M.E.

seler; i. M.E. O.Fr. seel (Fr. scea«), Lat.

sigill-um, a seal]

lEAl:r}=s«e'«y'i-^-

SEAMAN ] (Eng.) Sailor [O.E. jc6»ia«M (early
SEAMEN ^ used as a pers. name), sailor ; also,
SEAMON J later, pirate. Viking]

Samann occurs in Domesday-Book.
Seman is the usual i3th-cent. form.

Occasionally this name may represent

the A.-Sax. Sdkmund [O.E. sde, sea-|-muH<f,

' protector] and Sigemund [O.E. sige, victory]

SEAMANS, Seaman's (Son) \ „ fi„o™=„
SEAMONS, Seamon's (Son) ) "• Seaman.

SEAMER (Eng.) i the A-Sax. 5c6»Kir= Sea-
Famous [O.E. sdk, sea + mckre, famous,

glorious]

2 the A.-Sax. Sigemckr = Victoriously

Famous [O.E. sige, victory]

3 Bel. to Seamer (Yprks=), 14th cent-
Semer, Domesday Semer, Semar =the
Lake-Boundary [O.E. sck, lake + mckre,

boundary]
There are no groundsfor assuming that
this place-name is a pers. name with the
local suff. dropped.

4 Tailor [O.E. s^amere']
(A.-Fr.-Lat.) for Seymour, q.v.

SEANOR for Senior, qv.

SEAR \ I palatal forms of Segar, Seger, q.v.
SEARE J 2 conf. with Sayer, q.v.

SEARCH (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a trade-name from the

Wax-Taper [Fr. cierge, a wax-taper ; Lat.

cereus, waxen]

SEARES, Seare's (Son) : v. Seare.

SEARGEANT, v. Sergeant.

llARLEl-Serle.

SEARLES, Searle'S (Son) : v. Se(a)rle.

SEARS, Sear's (Son) V
SEARSO N, Sear's Son / ^- ''®*'^-

SEATH (Eng.) Dweller at a Pit or Pool [O.E.

(Heb.) = Seth, q.v.

SEATON (Eng.) Bel. to Seaton = 1 the
Farm or Estate by the Sea.

2 the Farm or Estate by the Lake
[O.E. s<k, sea, lake + tAn : cp. O.N. sid-tiin, ,
seaside-towrn]

Most of our Seatons are on the coast.
Seaton, Durham, was SektUn in the loth
cent. The Yorkshire Seatons were
Seton and Settun in Domesday r Book.
Seaton, Devon, was Seton and Setoune in
the 13th cent. Seaton, Cumb., and one
of the Northumb. Seatons were Seton in
the 13th cent.

But Seaton, Rutland, was Segentone in
, Domesday - Book, app. for A.-Sax.
*Se(c)ggan - tiin = Se(c)gga's Estate
[Se(c)ggan-, genit. of Se(c)gga], and
Seaton, Haddington, owes the first
element of. its name to a Norman Seiher
de Sey.

SEAWARD (Eng.) the A.-Sax. SAw{e)ard =
Sea-Guardian [O.E. sds + w(e)ard]
Cp. Seward and Siward.

SEBASTIAN (A.-Lat.-Gr.) August, Rever-
enced [Lat. Sebastian-US, ■ Gr. Se/Soo-TcSi
(Sebastds), a rendering of the Lat.
Augustus; Gr. o-^^os, awe, reverence]

SEBBORN = SIborne, q.v.

SEBLEY = Sibley, q.v.

SEBRIGHT (Eng.) i the A.-Sax. Sdibe{p)rht =

Sea-Bright, i.e. Sea-Glorious [O.E. sds,

sea -t- be(fi)rht, briht, bright, glorious]

Sckberht, king of Essex, d. a.d. 616.

2 the A.-Sax. Sigebe{o)rht = Victmiy-

Bright, i.e. Victory -Glorious [O.E.

sige, victory]

Seburgham

H5

Sefton

The above-mentioned Scfeberht had a
son, a nephew, and a grandson, all named
Sigeberht and all kings of Essex. A king
of East Anglia (d. 635) had the same
name ; and an 8th-cent. king of Wessex.
The cognate Continental 5^gs6ert(wherjce
the French Sebert) was a famous Frankish

royal name.

SEBURGHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Seberghara
(Cumb.), 14th cent. Seburgham = (the
Lady) SiEBURG's (or Sigeburg's) Home
[the fem. pers. name Sdshurg is a com-
pound of O.E. sds, sea, and burg or burh,
stronghold (if the name should be Sigeburg.
— there is no record suff. early to show
which is the correct name — the first

element is O.E. sige^ victory): 1- O.E.

hdm, home, estate]

But for the occurrence of the Eng.
local suff. -ham we would have been
justified, considering the locality, in
assuming the pers. name to be the
common O.Scand. Sigborg or Sigbiiirg (v.
Seabep).

SECCOMBE for Seacombe, q.v.

SECKER, a var. of Sacker, q.v., -the form

(found in Yorkshire in the 14th cent, as

' ' le Sekke/) being due to the O.N. sekk-r,

'a sack,' whence also M.Scot; j^ii and

N.Lanc. seek, ' a sack.'

SECOMBE for Seacombe, q.v.

SECRETAN (A-Fr.-Lat.) Sacristan, Sexton
[Fr. Secretain, Secretan- — sacristain (A.-Fr.
secrestein) ; L.Lat. sacrista, a sacristan,
with the suif. -an-us ; Lat. sacer, sacred]

En patois du Berry secretain et segretain
se disent encore aujoud'hui pour sacristain.
Manage recommande le mot actnel sacris-
tain, et il ajoute qu'il n'y a plus que les
villageois qui disent segretain.—

Moisy, Noms de Fam. Norm., p. 414.

SEDDON (Eng.) This is a widespread Lanca-
shire surname, but no place-name Seddon
can be traced ; and in all probability the
surname is an assim. and mutated form
(through the pron. Sabden) of the Lane,
place-name Sabden, 13th and 14th cent.
Sapedene, Sapeden = 'the Spruce-Fir
Valley ' [O.E. sappe, spruce-fir -f denu,
, valley]

SEDGLEY (Eng.) Dweller at the Sedge-Lea

[O.E. secg + ledh (M.E. ley]

But the Staffs Sedgley, 13th cent.

Seggesleyie, A.-Sax. Secges-ledh = Secg's

Lea [the genit. of O.E. secg, sword, also

warrior -|- kdh]

SEDGWICK (Eng.) Dweller at the Sedgy
Place [O.E. secg, sedge -J- laic, a place]

But Sedgwick, Westnid., was Seghes-

wyk in the 14th cent. = Secg's Place

[the genit. of O.E. secg (= O.N. segg-r),

sword, also warrior -|- wfc]

SEEAR, a palatalized form of Segar, q.v. ; and
cp. Sayep.

SEEDER (Eng.) Sower

[O.E. sikdere]

SEEGAR]
SEEGERJ

Segap, q.v.

SEEKIN, a dim. of one or other of the A.-Sax.
SA- [O.E. sA, sea], or Sige- \O.Ksige,
victory], names -|- the (double) dim. suff.
. -kin [O.L.Ger. -k-in\

SEEKING for Seekin.

SEEKINS, Seekin's (Son): v. Seekin.

|||L^}=Seal(e,q.v.

SEELEY \ (Eng.) Happy, Blessed ; Simple
SEELIE (mod. Silly) [M.E. seli, se(e)ly;
SEELY J O.E. jcfeft;^, happy: the correspond-
ing German name is Selig (O.H.Ger. sdlig},-
happy, etc.]
John Sely.—Hund. Rolls.
J)or [there] was in helle a sundri stede
worXwhere] J>e seli folc reste dede. — '
i^th-cent. metrical vers, of Gen. & Ex.,

1986-7.

For sely is that deth, soth for to seyne/
That, ofte y-cleped, com'th and endeth

peyne 1 —

Chaucer, rroi7. & Cris., iv. 503-4.

That Nicholas shal shapen hym a wyle

This sely, jalous housbonde to bigyle.-^

Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 3403-4.

This man lokede opon me.
And leet the plough stonden ;
And seyde, ' Sely man,
Whi syghest thou so harde' ? —

Piers Plowman's Creed, 881-4.

The seely man, seeing him ryde so

rancke.
And ayme at him, fell flat to ground for

feare. —

Spenser, Faerie Queene, IL iii. 6

SEELMAN, V. Seel, Seal, and -|- E. man.

SEER, a palatalized form of Segar, q.v. ; and
cp. Sayer.

SEERS, SEER's'(Son).

SEERY (Celt.) the Irish Saoraidhe [f. (i) Ir.

saor, free (2) saor, carpenter ; with the

pers. suff. -aidhel

SEFTON (Eng. or Scand.) Bel. to Sefton (S.W.
Lanes), 14th cent. Sefton, 13th cent. Cefton,

Segar

146

Seller

Ceffton, Domesday Sextone [The absence
of pre-Domesday forms makes an abso-
lutely definite pronouncement on the
origin of the first element imposs. ; but in
all probability it is either the A.-Sax.
pars, name Se/ij or its O.N. cognate Sefi-r-
O.E. sefa = O.N. sefi, m., mind, heart —
or else the O.N. sef, sedge ; the second
origin perh. being the more likely from
its being topographically suitable. The
Domesday spelling is evidently a blunder]

SEGAR 1 (Teut.) i the O.N. SAgeir, A.-Sax.

SEGER J Sckgdr = Sea-Spear (i.e. Sea-War-
rior) [O.N. s(k-r = O.E. s<k (O.Sax.
O.H.Ger. sio), sea-|- OM.geirir = OX..gdr
(O.Sax. O.H.Ger. g&), a spear]

2 the A.-Sax. Sigehere. O.Ger. Sigiheri,
etc. = Victorious Army fO.E. sige =
O.Sax. O.H.Ger. sigi = O.N. sig-r =
Goth, sigi-s, victory -|- O.E. here = O.Sax.
O.H.Ger. heri = O.N. herr ^ Goth, harji-s,

army]

Sigehere longest I Sigehere longest
Scfe-Denum weOld. | (the) Sea-Danes ruled. —
WidsiS {The Traveller), 57-8.
A Sigehere was king of the East SaxOns
in the 7th cent.

3 the A.-Sax. Sigegdr, O.Ger. SigigSr =
Victorious Spear [components as above],

A Sigegdr is given in the Deiran royal
genealogy as a grandson of Woden.

SEGARS, Segar's (Son) : v. Segar.

SEGGER = Seger, q.v.

SEGRAVE = Seagpave, q.v.

SELBORNE (Eng.) Bel. to Selborne, 13th
cent. Selebume, a.d. 903 Seleborne = the
Hall-Brook (brook running by. the hall)
[O.E. sele, a hall, mansion -r burne, a

stream]
The early forms show fairly conclusively
(although, it is true that the loth-cent.
form quoted is in a Latin — not A.-Sax.
— charter) that the first element is not the
O.E. sealh, a sallow or willow, as we
might otherwise have been tempted to as-
sume it to be.

SELBY (Scand.) Bel. to Selby (Yorks), anc.

Sdleheia = the Hall-Farm [O.N. sal-r

(= O.E. sal, sele), a hall -f- bS-r, a farm]

The Lines parish-name Saleby (13th

cent. Saleby) has doubtless the same

origin.

SELDEN \ (Eng.) Dweller at i the Willow-

SELDON J Valley [O.E. s(e)fl;A(= O.N. sWifl),

a willow 4- denu, a valley]

2 the Hall-Valley [O.E. sele, a hall]

A Salden, Yorks, and a Salden, Bucks,

occur in the Charter-Rolls temp. Hen. VI ;

and one Ansell de Seleden is mentioned in

the Testa de Nevill, 13th cent,

SELE, V. Seal.

SELF 1 (Teut.) descendants of i the A.-Sax.

SELFE J Sckwulf or O.N. S(kAlf-r= Sea- Wolf

[O.E. O.N. stfe -)- O.E. wulf^ O.N. jj//-r]

2 the A.-Sax. Sdbldf or O.N. Sckleif-r =
•Sea - Relic [O.E. O.N. stk + O.E. Idf =

O.N. leif-r, a relic]

3 the A.-Sax. Sigeldf or O.N. Sigleif-r =
Victory-Relic [O.E. sige == O.N. sig-r,
victory + O.E. Idf = O.N. leif-r, a telle]

4 the O.N. Solfi, Solvi [of doubtful orig.]

SELHURST (Eng.) Bel. to Selhurst ; or

Dweller at the Willow-Copse [O.E.

sealh-{K)yrsi\

SELKIRK (Eng.) Bel. to Selkirk, 12th cent.
Selechirche, Selechyrche, Selekirke = the
Palace -Church [O.E. sele, a palace,
hall + 0.(N.)E. ciVce (= O.N. kirkia), a

church]
The Scottish kings had a hunting resi-
dence at Selkirk.

SELL (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to (La) Selle (France);

or Dweller at a Cell or Hermitage

[O.Fr. (and M.E.) selle, celle, Lat. cella\

Cte. et Ctesse. de la Selle. —

Paris Directory.

(Eng.) a weak form of Seal or Sale,
q.v.

SELLACK (? Celt.) Bel. to Sellack (Hereford),
evi'd. a corrupt form of the name of the
Saint — Teseliach — to whom the church is
dedicated.

SELLAR, V. Seller.

SELLARS, v. Sellers.

llt:uc°K^}f°^ Sellack, q.v.

SELLENGERl (A.-Fr.-Teut.) BeL to St.

BELLINGER J L£ger (a common French
eccles. place-name: several in Normandy) ,
for St. Leutg^r, Liutg#r, Liudg^r,
L^6d(e)gar, i.e. National Spear fO.H.
Ger. liut- (Ger. leute, people) = O.Sax.
liud- = O.E. Mod, nation + O.H.Ger.
O.Sax. g^r = O.E. gdr, a spear]

" Sellenger' s-roMud : St. Leget's round,
a favourite old dance." —

T. Wright, Prau. Diet., p. 837.

SELLER ( A.-Fr.-Lat. ) i Saddler [M.E.

sel{l)er, Fr. sellier; i. Tt. selle, a saddle,

seat, Lat. sella, a seat]

Adam le Seler. —
Cal. Inq. ad quod Damn., A.D. 1316-17.

2 One in charge of a Cellar or Store-
room ; Cellarer \A.-Tv. seler, celer, O.Fr.
celier, Lat. fellari-um, a cellar]

Sellers

H7

Senechal

Roger del Celer.—

Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.
Agnes del Seler.—

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.
(Eng.) Seller, Dealer [M.E. seller;
f. O.E. sellan, to give]
SELLERS, genit., and pi., of Seller-.

SELLEY (A.-Fr.-Lat, + Eng^ Bel. to Sell(e)y ;

or Dweller at the Cell-Lea [M.E. O.Fr.

selle, celle, a cell or hermitage ; Lat. cella

+ M.E. ley, O.E. ledh}

Selly, Wore, was Selleg', Selley, in the
13th cent. There is a Sell(e)'y in Salop.
The Charter-Rolls a.d. 1328 mention a
Selley in Sussex.

There has prob. been some confusion
with Seeley, q.v.

I = Sell (q.v.) + E.
Hallman.

man '■ cp.

SELLMAN
SELLMEN
SELMAN

2 for the M.E. Seliman, Selyman: v.
Seel(e)y, and + man.

3 conf. with Salman (through the
prbn. Sal-), q.v.

SELLS, pi., and genit., of Sell, q.v.

There is a Selles in the Pas-de-Calais
Dept. ; also one in the Eure Dept.

SELLWOOD, V. Selwood.

SELLY, V. Selley.

SELM "I I an aphaeretic form of Anselm,
SELME/q.v.

2 Dweller at the Selm, app. meton. for
a Gate [Dial. E. selm, a gate-rail (E.D.D. :
N. Ctry., Nhbld., ' a bar of a gate') ; app.,
with altered meaning, f. O.E. selma, a

couch]
John atte Selme. —

Lay Subsidy-Roll, Soms., A.D. 1327.

SELMES
SELMS

I genit., and pi., of Selm(e, q.v.

SELSEY (Eng.) Bel. to Selsey (Sussex), the
A.-Sax. Seoles ig (freq.) = Seal's Island
[the genit. of O.E. seol(h, a seal, sea-calf
4- igi island]
Bede (' Hist. Eccl." IV. 13) translates
this name as "Insula vituli marini" ; but,
owing to the use of the genit. sing., it is
doubtful whether the first element is not
a pers. name.

SELTH (Eng.) i Happiness, Prosperity
[M.E. selth(e, O.E. ge)scklp']
Cp. Bliss.

2 Sailor [O.E. sdlida, scfeKfa, lit. 'sea-
goer ']
Selithe de Vfeaham.—ffund. Rolls.

\ for Simmons, q.v.

SELWAY (Eng.) i Dweller at the Hall-Way

[O.E. sele + weg]

2 for the A.-Sax. pers. name Selewtg =

Hall-Warrior [O.E. sele, hall + wiga,

warrior]

SELWIN 1 (Eng.) Hall-Friend or -Protec-

SELWYN J TOR [A.-Sax. Selewine — sele, hall

-I- wine, friend, etc.]

SELWOOD (Eng.) Dweller at Selwood (the
forest on the borders of Wilts and Somer-
set), the A.-Sax. Seal wudu (A. - Sax,
Chron. a.d. 894), Seal mydu (a.d. 878) = .
app. the ' Willow-Wood ■ [O.E. seal{h (pi.
sealas), a willow or sallow] ; but Asser, in
his Life of iElfred, translated Seluudu as
Silva Magna in Latin and Coit Maur
(mod. Coed Mawr) in Welsh, i.e. ' Great
Wood,' as if the first element of the
A.-Sax. wood-name were the O.E. sM,
' good,' and its meaning could be extended
to signify ' great.'

lEMON}' = Seaman,q.v.

(occ.) 2 for Simon, q.v.

SEMISTER for Sempstep, q.v.

SEMMENS
SEMMONS

SEMPER (A.-Fr..Lat.-Gr.) Bel. to St. Pierre
(an exceedingly common French eccles.
place-name) [v. Pier, Peter]

Sempeer is found in England in the
early 17th cent., Seint6pier and Seyntpiere
in the 14th; the mediaeval Latinization
being de Sancto Petro.

Cp. Samper, which is a present-day
French surname.

SEMPLE I ,
SEMPILLJ

(occ.) 2 for Simple, q.v.

SEMPSTER (Eng.) Sempstress; Dress-
maker; Tailoress [O.E. s^amestre, -esire,
fern, agent, suff.]

SENAR, like Seanor, for Senior, q.v.

SENDALL for Sandall, q.v.

SENEGAL \ (Fr.-Teut.) Seneschal, Stew-

SENECHALJARD ; lit. Senior Servant

[O.Fr; seneschal (Fr. sinechat), L.Lat.

seniscalc-us, f. an O.Teut. word like Goth.

*siniskalk-s : cp. Goth, sin-ista, oldest, and

skalk-s = O.Sax. skalk == O.H.Geir. scalc{h

= O.E. sc(e)alc, servant]

Si alicujus seniscalcus, qui servus est, et

dominus ejus xii vassos infra domum

habet, occisus fuerit . . . —

Lex Alemannorum, 79, 3.

Sample, q.v.

Senhouse

148

Severn

Sinescal ou Sinecal est la forme nor-
mande du mot sdn^chal. —

Moisy, Noms de Pam. Norm., p. 416.
Cp. Marshall.

SENHOUSE (Eng.) Bel. to Senhouse or
Sevenhouse (Cumb.) = the Seven Houses
[O.E. seofon, seven + Ms, houses]
Joh'es de Sevenhous de Ebor'. —

Cal. Inq. ad quod Damn., A.D. 1366.
Thomas de Senhous. —

Close Rolls, A.D. 1385-6.

SENIOR \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Seignior, Lord (of
SENIER J a Manor), Squire; Elder [M.E.
O.Fr. seigno(u)r, seigneur (Fr. seigneur),
lord ; Lat. senior, older, (hence) greater]
Michael le Seigneur. — Close Rolls,
William le Seignour. — Pari. Writs.
2 a nickname for a seignior's servant ;
also a pageant-name: cp. Lord'.

Seigneur is a fairly common French
surname.

I

SENNETT1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Old, Sage, Wise

SENNITT l[Fr. Senet, Senot, f. Lat. sen-em,

SENNOTtJ ace. of senex, old; with the Fr.

dim. suff. -et, -ot]

2 conf. with Sinnett, eitc, q.v.

SENSECAL \ (Fr.-Teut.) Seneschal [v.under
SENSKELl; Senec(h)al],

SEPHTON = Sefton, q.v.

SERGEANT \ (A.-FJr.-Lat.) Officer; Squire;

SERG EN T 1 Attendant; lit. Servant [M.E.

serg{e)a(u)nt, serja{u)nt, O.Fr. sergant,

serjant (Fr, sergent) ; L.Lat. servjens, -entis,

servant ; Lat. servire, to serve]

A sergeaunt of the la we, war [wary] and

wys.— Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 309.

See Serjeant.

SERGEANTSON, the Sergeant's Son: v.
Sergeant.

SERGESON

SERG1NSON

SERGISON

for Sergeantson, q.v.

SERJANT

SERJEANT [■ = Sergeant, q.v.

SERJENT

N'i aura ancelle [Lat. ancilla, maidser-
vant] ni serjant.— Bible Guyot; Moisy.

Serjaunt and Serjant are the usual 13th-
cent. forms in England, as
John le Serjaunt.— HM«i. Rolls.

SERJEANTSON, the Serjeant's Son : v.
Serjeant, Sergeant.

SERLBY (Scand.) Bel. to Serlby (Notts), the
Domesday Serlebi = SOrli's Farm or
Estate [v; under Serle, and + O.N. b^}

SERLE ] (Teut.) Armour, Arms [O.Teut.

SERRELL \Serlo, Scerla, Sarle, Sarilo, Serilo,

SERRILL J SSrli, etc, : O.E. searo = O.H.Ger.

saro = O.N. sSrui = Goth, sarwa, armour,

arms, skill, device, etc., with -I dim. suff.

and the usual form, final vowel]

Serlo is the Domesday and the usual
O.Eng. form, with exceptions likfe
Sterle abb. on Gleweceastre.
(Scerle abbot of Gloucester^ [i i th cent.]
— Thorpe, Dipl. Angl., p. 615.

Richard Serle. — Hund. Rolls.
The mod. Norse forms are Sorle and
Solle.

SERLSON, Serl(e)'s Son : v. Serle.

SERMON I meton. for Sermoner, q.v.
2 for Surtnan, q.v.

SERMONER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Preacher, Speak-
er [M.E. sermoner, sarmoner (Fr. sermon-
neur), i. sermone(n, to preach, speak ; Fr.
sermon, sermon, lecture ; Lat. sermo, -onis,
talk, discourse]

SERRILLS, Serrill's (Son): v. Serrlll,
Serle.

SERSON I V. Searson.
2 for Serlson, q.v.

SETCHELL, a var. of Satohell, q.v.

SETH (Heb.) Appointed [Heb. SUtK\

SETON (Fr. -f E.) Bel. to Seton or Seaton

(Haddington), A.b. 1296 Seytone = (de)

' Sey's Ville [see the note under, Seaton]

SETTER (Eng.) Setter (app. of arrowheads)

[M.E. settere ; f. O.E. settan, to set]

Clement le Settere.— il/a«. Gildh. Lond.

SETTERINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Settrington
(Yorks), 14th cent. Seterington, 13th cent.
Seterinton, A,-Sax. *S(&teringa-tiiH = the
Estate of the S.stere Family [O.E.
scktere, plotter, schemer, spy, etc + -inga,
genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing -)- Wh, estate,

farm, etc.]

SETTLE (Eng.) Bel. to Settle (Yorks), the

Domesday Setel,= the Seat, Residence

[O.E. sell]
SEVER(E (A,-Fr.-Lat.) the Fr. SMre, Lat.
Severus (a fairly common Roman family-
name) = the Severe, Stern, Cruel
[Lat. sever-us\

The Roman emperor who died at York
A.D. 211 was aptly named.

John le Severe.— Hund. Rolls.

SEVERN (Celt.) Dweller by the River Severn,
the A.-Sax. Stefem, Safyrn (mod. Wei.

Seville

149

Shadd

Hafren — H- for orig. S- — but in Geoff-
rey of Monmouth, Sabren), the Roman
Sdbrina [perh. conn, with the O.Ir.
sab{h)rann, a boundary, which, from the
dawn of history, has certainly been ap-
propriate enough]

Geoffrey of Monmouth (' Hist. Brit.' II.
V.) has an interesting legend that the river
was named from the drowning therein of
the daughter, Sabren, of Locrin's German
princess-mistress Estrildis —

Jubet enim Estrildem et filiam eius
Sabren praecipitari in fluvium, qui nunc
Sabrina dicitur. Fecitque edictum per
totam Britanniam, ut fluvius nomine
puellee vocaretur.

A charter a.d. 706 (' Cart. Sax.' 116) has
Saberna in the Lat. portion and Smfyrn in
the O.E. (boundaries) pai^t.

SEVILLE for Saville, q.v.

SEWARD I = Seaward, q.v.

2 for SiwapdS q.v.

3 Sow-Herd [M.(N.) ^,su{e)herd, O.E.

sA + hierde'\'
SEWARDS, Seward's (Son).

SEWART = Seward, q.v.

SEWELL ] (Teut.) i the O.Teut. Sewald, Sle-

SEWILL \wald,etc. = Sea-Power [O.E. 5c6

SEWALlJ = O.N. s(B-r, sid-r = O.Sax. O.H.

Ger. s^o, sea + O.E. ge)w{e)ald = O.N.

uald = O.Saxl ^i)it)aH=O.H.Ger. gi)walt,

power, might]

2 the O.Teut. Sigwald, Siguald, &c. =

Victorious Power [O.E. sige = O.N.

sig-r =O.Sa;x. O.H.Ger. sigt = Goth. sigi-s,

victory]
Thomas Sewald. —

Huiid. Rolls, A.D. 1274.

Edmund' fil. Sewalli. —

Inq. a. q. Damn., A.D. 1307-8.

John Sewell. —

Chstr. Hearth-Tax Rtns., A.D.

1664-5.

SEWEL(L)SON, Sewel(l)'s Son: v. Sewell.

SEWER (A. - Fr. - Lat.) Table - Servant,

Waiter [JVI-E. sewer{e, sewar(e, O.Fr.

asseour, table-servant; O.Fr. asseoir, to

set ; Lat. assidere, to sit by]

And there he prayd syr Gareth to make
hym his sewar chyef at the feest. —

Malory, Morte d' Arthur, vii. 36.

SEWSTER, for Souster, q.v! ; rarely a fern,
form of Sewer, q.v. [E. fern. suff. -ster,

O.E. -estrel

SEWTER for Souter, q.v.

SEXSMITH for Sixsmlth, q.v.

SEXTON \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Sacristan [M.E.

SEXTONE I se;rteiM, sexteyn, A.-Ft. secresiein

(Fr. sacristain) : v. under Secretan and

Saxton']

Upon my feith, thou art som officer,
Som worthy sexteyn, or som celerer. —

Chaucer, Cant. Tales, B 3126.

(Eng.) for Saxton'.
N.B. — Sexton was used to Anglicize the
Ir. Shesnan {O'Seasnain).

SEYMOUR 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) Bel. to St. Maur

SEYMER J (France), prob. more specif. St.

Maur-des-Bois, Manche, Norm. [Fr.JIfaMr,

Lat. Maur-us, Gr. MaCp-os, a Moor, black

• man]

This name was Latinized (e.g. in the

Hundred-Rolls) de Sancto Mauro.

(Teut.) for Seamer, q.v.

SEYS, v. Sayce.

SHAGKEL ] (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. (nick-)
SHACKELL [ name Scacel [O.E. scacol, scacul,
SHACKLE J a shackle, fetter; f. scacan, to

shake]

SHACKELTON 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Shackleton

SHACKLETON J (prob. Lanes) [v. under

Shackel, and -|- O.E. tiin, farm, estate]

Hugh Schacheliton. —

Lane. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1246.

SHACKERLEYl _ ch=,i,„„i„„ nv
SHACKLEY j - Shakerley, q.v.

[ (Eng.) a nickname = lascivus.

SHACKLADY
SHAKELADY

Richard Shaklady. —

Lane. Fines, A.D. 1384.
Rowland Shakelady. —
^ Lane. Fines, A.D. 1529.

SHACKLEFORD 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Shackleford
SHACKELFORD J (Surrey) [O.E./orrf, a ford:

the first element (v. under Shackel) prob.

denotes that the passage of the ford was
facilitated by fixed shackles or staples]

SHACKLOCK (Eng.) i meton. for Gaoler

[M.E. sehakloc{k, a fetter-lock, fetters';

O.E. seacol, a shackle + loe, a lock]

2 for Shakelock, i.e. having a long lock
of hair [Late M.E. shakeloc(k; f. O.E.
sc(e)acan, to shake -\- locc, a lock of hair]

SHADBOLT for Shotbolt, q.v: [the voicing of

t io d here is due to the influence of the

following voiced letter 6]

SHADD (Eng.), the M.E. 5cAad(i(Hund. Rolls),
is prob. a nickname from the O.E. fish-
name seeadd, m. (the importance of this
fish in A.-Saxon times is showQ by the
fact that there was a 'shad season'),

Shaddick

150

Shanks

rather than conn, with O.E. ge)sc(e)dd,
n., ' understanding,' , ' discretion.' There
does not seem to have been any confusion
between this pers. name and Chad, al-
though there is app. a place-name instance
under Shadwell.

SHADDOCK 1 = Shadd (q.v.) + the O.E.

SHADRACK ] (Sem.) for the Heb.-Aram.
SHJKDRfiiKE \ Shadrach [Heb. Shadhrakh :
SHADRICK J " The etymology of the naflie
Shadrach is uncertain. Frd. Delitzsch
suggests that, it is a variant of the
Babylonian Sudur-Aku, 'Command of
the Moon-God.' This view is pronounced
by Schrader to have considerable proba-
bility."— ZJfrf. Bible, ed. Hastings, iv. 472]

(Eng.) for Sheldrake, q.v.

SHADWELL (Ehg.) Bel. to Shadwell (Yorks :
Domesday Scadeuuelle, a.d. 1285 Schadwell;
Norf.: 14th cent. Shadwell; Salop, &c.
[Dial.E. shade, a shed; 0.¥.^sc{e)adu, shade,
an arbour -f well, O.E. w(i)ella, a well]
But the London Shadwell is said to be
for (St.) Chad's Well (v. Chad)—" This
place, formerly called Chadwelle, took its
name from a mineral spring in the ' Sun
Tavern ' fields, dedicated to St. Chad." —
Nat. Gas., 1868.

SHAPE (Eng.) i Crooked, Crippled [O.E.
scdf: cp. Dut. scheef—Gsx. schief, crooked]

Cp. Scafe.

2 = Sheaf, q.v.

SHAFTESBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Shaftesbury,

the A.-Sax. Sceaftes-hurh (a.d. 982) =

Sceaft's Stronghold [O.E. sc(e)fl/i!,m.,a

shaft, spear -f burK\

SHAFTO (Eng.) Bel. to Shafto(e (Northumb.),
14th cent. Shafth(m{e, 13th cent, Schafthou
=the Shaft-Hill [O.E. sc(e)aft, a shaft,
spear, pole : used as a pers. name -f- hd,
a hill, bluff]
The hill or bluff is now called " Shaftoe
Crag, a lofty verdant hill. "

SHAILER,v. Shayler.

SHAIRP, a North, form of Sharp, q.v.

SHAKEL(L, V. Shaokel(l.

SHAKELANCE (E. + Fr.-Lat.) a nickname

(a.d. 1274 Henry Shakelaunce) of the

same occupative class as Shakespear(e

[f. M.E. schaken, O.E. sc(e)acan, to shake

-I- Fr. lance, Lat. lanced]

SHAKERLEY(Eng.)Bel.to Shakerley (Lanes),
A.D. 12&\ Schakerley [the first element is
prob, Dial. E.^Aaier, tne quaking or dither-

SHAKESPEAR
SHAKESPEARE
SHAKSPEARE
SHAKSPERE

ing grass ; f. O.E. sc(e)acan, to shake +
M.E. ley, O.E. ledh, a lea]

SHAKESHAFT (Eng.) a nickname of the same

occupative class as Shakelance and

Shakespeap(e [f. M.E. schaken, O.E.

sc{e)acan, to shalce -|- M.E. schaft, O.E.

sc(e)aft a shaft, spear]

(Eng.) a nickname for a
spear-carrying individual,
as a Beadle, Sergeant,
and (more especially) a
Soldier [f. M.E. schaken, O.E. sc(e)acan,
to shake + M.E. O.E. spere]

Robertus Schaksper. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

Gulielmus filius Johannes Shakspeare.
—Bapt. Reg. Stratf.-on-Avon, 26th April,

1564.

, Cp. Shakelance and Shakeshaft, the
name ' William Sharpspere ' found in the
Close Rolls, a.d. 1278, and the old term
' shakebuckler ' for a bully ; also the
Roman Quirinus [f. Lat. quiris, a spear]

SHALDERS (Eng.) Dweller at the Rushes
[Dial. E. shalder, a kind of rush]

SHALLCROSS (Scand.) Bel. to Shallcross
(Derby), 14th cent. Shalcros=thc Crooked
Cross [f. O.N. skidlg-r = O.E. sceSUi,
crooked, wry -|- O.N. kross (Lat. crux, crucis\

SHALLIS l fA.-Fr.-Celt.) Bel. to Chalais,

SHALLES J Challes, Chaillois (France) [app. f,

the Gaul, cognate of O.lr. caill, Gael, and

Ir. coin, a wood]

SHAMBLER = Soambler, q.v.

SHAM BROOK for Sambrook, q.v.

SHAN AH AN (Celt.) Wise, Sagacious, Crafty

[Ir. Seanachan (O'Seanachain) — seanach -f

the dim. suff. -^«; cp. lr.seannach = (j&e^.

sionnach, a fox]

This name has been used to Hiberni-

cize the Eng. ' Fox.'

SHAND (Eng.) Buffoon [O.E. icand]

SHANDLEY for Shanley, q.v.

SHANE (Celt.-Heb.) an Irish form of John,
q.v. [Ir. Seaghan; but this form seems
really to be uue (with the dim. suft. -dii)
to the Ir. seagh, esteem, worth, strength ;
allied to the great Teut. name-stem sig-.

victory]
Cp. Shawn, Shone.

SHANK "1 (Eng.) a nickname from some pecu-

SHANKS J liarity of the Leg(s [M.E. schanke,

0.£. scancay a leg]

Shanley

151

Shawcross

SHANLEY 1 (Celt.) Old Hero [It. Seanlaoch

SHANLY J (Mac SeanlaoicKj—sean, old +

Jaoch, a hero, champion]

SHANN (Celt.) Old [Ir. and Gael, sean, old=
Cym. hen ; cognate with Lat. senex, senis,

old]

SHANNAN\(Celt.) i = Shann (q.v) + the
SHANNON J Ir. dim. suff. -dn [Ir. Seanan]

2 for Shanahan, q.v.

The Irish river-name Shannon app.

means 'Old River' [Ir. sean, old +

abhan{n, river]

SHAPCOTT (Eng.) Dweller at the Sheepcote
\0.'E..sc{e)dp + coi\

SHAPLAND (Eng.) Dweller at the Sheep-
Land [O.E. sc(e)dp + land]

SHAPLEY (Eng.) Dweller at the Sheep-Lea
[O.E. sc{e)dp + ledh]

SHAPMAN (Eng.) Sheep-Man, Shepherd
[O.E. sc(e)dp + rnann]

SHAPPARD\_„h„„h„ . „^

shapperd1 = s'^«p'^«'^'''1-^-

SHAPSTER (Eng.) Female Shaper or

Cutter ; Tailoress [f. M.E. schapen, to

shape; 0.^.ge)sc(e)ap, a. shape, form -|-

the fern, agent, suff. -ster, O.E. -estre]

Cp. Shepster.

SHAPTON (Eng.) Bel. to Shapton or Shepton
=the Sheep-Farm [O.E. sc(e)dp +<«'«]

SHARD = Sheard, q.v.

SHARDLOW (Eng.) Bel. to Shardlow (Derby),
14th cent. Shardelowe, 13th -cent. Scarde-
loive— the Notched or Cut Hill [O.E.
sf{e)ard, hotched + hlckm, a hill, tumulus]

SHARK (Celt.) Love [Ir. searc {Wel.serch), Ibve]

(A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname [app. f. N.Fr.

cherquier = Fr. chercher, to search ; Lat.

circare, to go round]

SHARKEY (Gelt.) Loving, Amorous [Ir.

Searcach (O'Sedfcaigh) — searc, love -|- the

plen. suff. -ach (cp. Wei. serchog, loving]

SHARLAND (Eng.) Dweller at the Shorn or

Separated Land [f. O.E. ^c^ra« (pret.

scear), to cut, shear + land]

SHARMAN = Shepman, Shearman, q.v.

SHARNBROOK (Eng.) Bel.^ to Sharnbroolt

gJeds), A.D. 1268-9 Shamebroke = the
UNGY Brook [O.E. sc{e)arn, dung-|-6r<fc]

SHARP l(Eng.) Quick, Smart [M.E.
SHARPEJ scharpie, O.R sc{e)arp]

I V. Sherrard, Sherratt.

SHARPLES T (Eng.) Bel. to Sharpies (Lanes),

SHARPLESS J 13th cent. Scharples = the

Rough Pasture [O.E. sc(,e)arp, rough +

, Idis, a pasture]

SHARPS, Sharp's (Son) : v. Sharp.

SHARRARD
8HARRATT

SHARROCK (Eng.) Dweller at (app.) the
Shorn or Split Rock [f. O.E. sceran (prt.
scear), to cut + -rocc (of Romanic orig.),

a rock]
Cp. Shorrock.

SHARROW (Eng.) Bel. to Sharrow (Yorks),

13th cent. Scharhow = the Shorn or

Split Hill [f. O.E. sceran (prt. scear), to

cut + ho, a hill, bluff]

SHARWOOD = Sherwood, q.v.

IhATtSckI^"^ Shaddock, q.v.

SHATWELL (Eng.) t Bel. to Shatwell [O.E.

w{i)ella, a spring : the first element may

be either O.E. scedt, a corner, projection,

or O.E. sceatt, a payment, penny]

A Shatwell occurs in the Charter-Rolls
for Leicestershire, a.d. 1365-6.

2 for Shadwell, q.v,

SHAUGHNESSY, V. O'Shaughnessy.

SHAVE = Shafe, q.v.

SHAW 1 (Eng.) Dweller at a Wood or Grove
SHAWEJ [M.E. shatvie, schaw{e, schagh, O.E.

sc{e)ag(f]

A Scaga occurs in a charter, a.d. 778^ of
Ecgberht, king of Kent, to the then
Bishop ot Rochester, of land at ' Br6m-
geheg.'

Richard de la Schawe. —

Patent-Rolls, Lanes, A.D. 1271.

Brice del Schagh. —

Chesh.Chntbrlns'. Accts-, A.D. 1303-4.,
John atte Schaghe. —

Exchq. Subs.. Roll, Soms., A.D. 1327.

Gaillard [merry] he was as goldfynch
in the shawe. —

Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 4367-8.

When shawes beene sheene [bright]
and shraddes [twigs] full fayre. —
'Robin Hood and Guy of Gisborne':
Percy's Reliques.

SHAWCROSS (Eng.) Dweller at the Cross
by the Grove [v. Shaw and Cross]
There is a Shawcross in W. Yorks.
(Scand.) for Shalloross, q.v.

Shawfield

152

Sheen

SHAWFIELD (Eng.) Dweller at the Wood-
Field [v. Shaw, and + M.E. O.K. f eld]

SHAWN, an Irish form of John, q.v. [Ir.

Seaghati]
See Shane, Shone.

SHAWYER (Eng.) Dweller at a Wood or

Grove [v. Shaw, and + the agent.

suff. -yer (as in ' lawyer '), for -ier]

SHAYLER 1 (Teut.) Crooked Walker ;
SHAYLOR J Cripple [f. M.E. shayle, shaile,

to walk awry (Dial. E. shatter, a cripple) ;

O.N. s1adlg-r=0.^. sceolh=Ger. and Dut.
scheel, wry, oblique, crooked]

SHEA, V. O'Shea.

SHEAD (Eng.) Dweller at i a Hut, ArBour
(Shed) [O.E. sceadu]

2 a Hill-Ridge ; specif., the point from
which the hill slopes in opposite direc-
tions [Dial. E. she(a)d; i. O.E. scdadan,
to part, separate, shed]

SHEAF \ (Eng.) i the A.-Sax. pers. name
SHEAFF JSc^a/ya [O.E. jc^a/, a sheaf]

5cAi/ occurs in the A.-Saxon genealogies
as the name of a mythical ancestor of
Woden ; and Scdafa was the name of a
Lombardic king —
Sciafa [wfeold] Longbeardum. —

Widsm {The Traveller), 66.

2 Dweller at the sign of the Sheaf

[M.E. scheeftshaf. Sec; O.E. sciaf]

SHEAL, V. Shiel.

SHEAN, V. Sheen

SHEARD (Eng.) i Dweller at a Gap or
Cleft.

2 Hare-lip [O.E. sceard]

Cp. Scanth.

SHEARER (Eng.) Cutter (of wool, cloth)
[M.E. s(c)'herere, f. M.E. s(c)heren, O.E.
sceran, to cut]
Reginald le Scherere. —

Pari. Writs, A.D. 1300. '

SHEARING (Eng.) i Bel. to Shearing or

Sheering, A.-Sax. *Sciringas=(i'ii.& Estate

of the) ScfR- Family [O.E. scir, bright,

white, brilliant -f -ingas (dat. pi. -ingum),

pi. of the fil. suff. -ingl

2 the A.-Sax. Sciring = ScIr's Son
[etym. as i]
Sciring, — Hund. Rolls.

SHEARMAN (Eng.) i Cutter (of wool, cloth)
[M.E. s{c)heiie)man,l. M.E. s{c)heren, O.E.
sceran, to cut -f- man\
Cp. Sherman.

(occ.) 2 Shireman; Steward, Pro-
curator [O.E. sclr{e)mann — sclr, ofBce,
shire, parish, district]

SHEARS I a nickname and sign-name from

the Shears [O.E. sciaruru (pi.), shears;

with later -s pi. sufl.]

2 Shere's (Son) : y. Shere'

SHEARSMITH (Eng.) Maker of Shears and
(Plough-) Shares [v. under Shears (O.E.
scear, a ploughshare), and + M.E. smith,

O.E.jOTitS]

SHEARSON (Eng.) i Shears' Son: v.
Shears.

2 Shere's Son : v. Shere'.

3 (the) Shearer's Son : v. Shearer.

SHEARWOOD = Sherwood, q.v.

SHEAT "[(Eng.) i Swift, Quick, Alert
SHEATEJ [O.¥..sceoi\

2 Dweller at a Corner or Projection
[O.E. scM{a\

(rarely) 3 Shooter, Archer [O.E.

Cp. Skeat(e.

SHEATH (Eng.) a palatal form of Seath," q.\.

Cp. 'sheath, a salt-water fountain.' —

T. Wright, Srov. Diet., p. 846.

SHEATHER (Eng.) Sheath-Maker [M.E.
shether, schether ; M.E. shethe, schethe, O.E.
sc^a^, a sheath, with the agent, suff. -er,

O.E. -ere]

SHEE, v. O'Shee.

SHEEAN "[(Celt.) i the Ir. Sdadhachan =

SHEEHAN J Wise, Courteous [Ir. seadhach

(dh mute) -|- the dim. suff. -an]

2 the lT.Sidheachan = Woi.T [Ir. sidheach
(dh mute) -1- the dim. suff. -a'«]

SHEED = Shead, q.v.

SHEEL = Shiel, q.v.

SHEEN (Eng.) i Bright, Fair \U.'S.. sheene,
schene, Q.E. sceone, sciene, sc^ne]
ne rasegjj sc^ne.
(nor maiden /air). —Berfo/M//, 6025.

This hooly mayden, that is so bright and
ifeenef.— Chaucer, Cant. Tales, B 692.

Was mounted high in top of heaven
sheene.-^-

Spenser, The Faerie Queene, III. iv. 51.

2 Bel. to Sheen (Surrey : A.-Sax. Sedan;
Staffs : Domesday Sceon) [etym. as i]

(Celt.) for Shee(h)an, q.v,

sBpei

Sn^pshank(s

153

SHEEPSHANKfS (Eng.y With SHEEP(-like)
Leg(s, i.e. BowLEGGED [O.E. sceap, sheep
1 + scanca, leg]

In the Yorks Poll-Tax a.d. 1379 we
find both Schepschank and Shepshattk.

SHEEPSHEAD (Eng.) 1 Bel. to Sheepshed
(Leic), 13th - 14th cent. Shepesheved,
Schipished = the Sheep's Head or Hill
[thdgenit. of M.E. s{c)hep(fi, O.E. sc^ap,
she;dp + M.E. hed, heved, O.E. h^afod,^
1 , head, hill]

2 a nickname [etym. as i]

SHEER, V. Shere.

SHEET, V.I Sheat.

SHEFFIELD (Eng.) Bel. to Sheffield (Yorks),
14th cent. Sheffield, Schefeld, Domesday
Scafeld [Sheffield is on the R. Sheaf; but
the river-name is prob. from the place-
name, the first element of which may be
the O.E.icti/, crooked, if not O.E. scMaga,
a wood ; the second being M.E. O.E./eW,
ii field, plain]
Will'us de Sheffeld (Yorks).—

Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1307-8.

Sheffield Park, Sussex, is the seat of
the Earl of Sheffield, and therefore app.
owes its name to the Yorks town.

SHEIL = Shiel, q.v.

SHEILD = Shield, q.v.

SHEILDS = Shields, q.v.

SHEILS = Shiels, q.v.

SHELDON (Eng.) Bel. to Sheldon (Warw. :
13th. cent. Scheldon; Devon, Derby, &c.)
[The orig. form, ScelfdUn, is seen in a
charter of Offa, king of the Mercians, to
the church oi St. Alban's (' Cart. Sax.'
no. 264). The first element (scelf or
scylf(e ) denotes a shelf or ledge, also a
crag ; the second being O.E. dun, a hill]

SHELDRAKE (Eng.) a nickname from the

Duck so called, lit. the 'Shield-Drake'

[M.E. s{c)held-, a shield -f- drake\

Johes. Sheldrake. —

Inq. a. q. Damn. (Hen. VI).

SHELDRICK for Sheldrake.

SHELFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Shelford, the
A.-Sax. Sceald{e)ford (commonly in the
obHque form, ' on scealdan ford') = the
Shallow Ford [O.E. sceald, shallow

+ ford\

Shelford, Camb., was Shelford, a.d.

1250-1 arid 1361, and Schelford, a.d.

1324-S, but Sceldford in the Inq. Com.

Cantab. ; Shelford, Notts, was Shelford,

Shenton

A.D. 1310-ir, and Schelford, A-.ry. 1316-17 ; a
Sheldeford occurs in the Charter-Rolls for
Leicestershire, a.d. 1304 ; the Sceldeford
and Scealdeford of an Essex charter
A.D. 1062 is now Shalfdrd.

IhIlITOE I v-thecommoner form Shillito(e.

SHELLEY "I (Eng.) Bel. to Shelley, the A.-Sax.
S H E LLY f Scelf-ledh = the Shelf- or Ledge-
Lea [O.E. scelf, scylf{e, a shelf, ledge, also
a crag -I- /erfft, a lea]
Shelley, Suff., was Scelfledh c. a.d. 972
and Shelley a.d. 1321-2 ; Shelley, Yorks,
situated on a hill, was Scivelei in
Domesday-Book. ,

Thomas Shelley. —

Inq. a. q. Damn. (Kent), A.D. 1414-5.

SHELiyiERDINE (Scand. + Eng.) Bel. to
Hjalmar's Valley [The O.N. pers. name
is a compound of hjdlm-r, helm(et, and -ar

for -har, herr, host, army : 1- O.E- denu,

a valley]
Earlier forms than the 17th cent, (same
spelling) seem to be lacking, but 6n the'
analogy of O.N. Hjaltland=Sheila.nd the
etymology given above can hardly be
doubted.

SHELTON (Eng.) Bel. to Shelton, the A.-Sax.
Scelf-tiin=ihs Farm or Estate on or by
the Shelf or . Ledge [O.E. scelf, scylf(e,
a shelf, ledge, also a crag -f- /jJk,

estate, &c.i
Shelton, Beds, was Scelftun- a.d. 792 ;
Shelton, Staffs, I2th-i4th cent. Scheltoit,
was Scelfitone in Domesday - Book ;
Shelton, Norf., was Shelton, a.d. 1367, as
Shelton, Notts, was in 1349.

SHEMELDI found in Yorkshire in the 14th
SHEMILD [cent, as Schemylde, is prob.
Scand. with the second element the
common fern, component hild, 'battle,'
'war': the first element is rather O.N.
hfdlm-r, helm(et (v. under Shelmerdihe)
than a palatalized form of O.N. skdlm,
' sword.'

SHENSTON 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Shenstone
SHENSTONE; (Staffs), i2th cent. Shenestan(e,
I ith cent, Scenstan = the Bright Stone
or Rock (Castle) [O.E. sc^one, bright, fair
+ Stan, stone, rock, stone or rock castle]
Shenstone is on a hill. In the parish
" was formerly a castle or fortification,
the site of which is still called Castle-,
Field."— (iViji. Gaz.)

The corresponding German place-name
is Schonstein.

SHENTON (Eng.) Bel. to Shenton (Leic),
a.d. 1349 Sheynton [the first element is the
O.E. sc^ne, sc^one, fair, beautiful (perh.
here used as a pers, name) -|- /liw, farm,

estate, etc>i

Shepard

154

Sherman

SHEPARD

SHEPHARD

SHEPHE(A)RDJ

(Eng.) Shepherd [O.E.
scedp-hierde]

SHEPHARDSON 1

SHEPHERDSON Uthe) Shepherd's Son:

SHEPPERSON J V. Shephe(a)pd.

SHEPLEY HEng.) Bel. to Shepley = the
SHEPPLEY J Sheep-Lea [O.E. scedp + leak

(M.E. Uy\
The Yorks Shepley was Seppeleie and
Scipelei in Domesday-Book; Scheplay in
the 14th cent.
Cp. Shipley.
SHEPPARD 1

SHEPPERD ^ = Shephe(a)rd, q.v.
SHEPPHERD J

SHEPPEY"! (Eng.) Bel. to Sheppey (Kent),
SH EPPY J the A.-Sax. Scedp-ig= Sheep-Isle

SHEPSTER = Shapster, q.v.
. . a shepsteres shere. —

Piers Plowman, 8683.

SHEPTON (Eng) Bel. to Shepton = the

Sheep-Enclosure [O.E. scedp + tHii]

Shepton-Mallet, Soms., was so spelt a.d.

1317-18 ; Shepton-Montague, Soms., was

Shepton Montagu a.d. 1314-15.

Cp. Shipton.

SHEPWAY (Eng.) Dweller at a Sheep- Way

or -Walk [O.E. scedp + weg]

IhIrEr}= Shearer, q.v.

SHERARD I the A.-Sax. pers. name Sc(rh(e)ard

— Splendidly Brave [O.E. scir, bright,

splendid + h{e)ard, hard, brave]

2 a contr. form of Sherwood, q.v.

3 a sibilated form of Gerard, q.v.

SHERATON (Eng.) Bel. toSheraton (Durham),

14th cent. Shirveion, Shurveton = Sceorfa's

or Scurfa's Estate [f.O.E. sceorf, scurf,

scurf (used as a descriptive nickname: cp.

' Sorut(t)on) 4- tun, estate, farm, etc.]

SHERBORN \ (Eng.) Bel. to Sherborne,
SHERBORNE Sherbourne, or Sherburn =
SHERBOURNE the Clear or Bright
SHERBURN Stream [O.E. sclr, bright,

SHERBURNE ; clear + burne (f.), hurna (m.),

a brook]
Sherborne, Dorset, occurs frequently in
charters of A.-Saxon times, the earliest
mention app. being a grant dated a.d. 671
by Coenwealh, king of Wessex, " sedi
pontiflcali Scireburnensis" ('Cart. Sax.' no.
26): in King jEifred's Will, as in the
Chronicle A.D. 867, we find the normal
A.-Sax. dative form "set Scire burnan."
Sherburn in Elmet, Yorks, occurs in a
charter A.D. 963 as "t6 Scke burnan."
Sherbourn or Sherborne, Warw., was
Scirebume in Domesday-Book. Sherborn,

Soms., was Schireburne in the 14th cent.
Sherborne, Glouc, was Sherebome in the
14th cent.

This name was Latinized de Fonte
Limpido ; also Pons Clarus.

SHERD = Sheard, q.v.

SHERE (Eng.) i Fair, Bright, White [M.E.
shere, schere, O.E. scir^

Scira is found as an A.-Sax. pers. name
in the 8th cent.

2 Bel. to Shere (Surrey), I3th-I4th cent.

Shire [the parish includes Shere Ebor-

acum (which belonged to the House of

York), and ' Shere ' prob. represents O.E.

scir, a district, administration]

Note. — Sheer or shere is a North, dialect-
word meaning ' odd,' ' singular.'

SH ERG OLD (Eng.) a nickname = Bright or

Pure Gold [M.E. s{c)here, O.E. scir H-

M.E. O.E. gold]

Cp. the (rare) surname Purgold.

SHERIDAN ] (Celt.) the Ir. Seireadan, Siri-
SHEREDAN \dean (a nickname) = Satyr,
SHERRIDAN J Wild Man [Ir. siride + the

dim. suif. -dn\

According to Matheson's 'Varieties and
Synonymes of Surnames and Christian
Names in Ireland,' igoi (p. 60), there are
current in various parts of that country
eleven more or less corrupt variants of
'Sheridan.'

SHERINGHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Sheringham

(Norf.), A.-Sax. *Sc{ringa-hdm — the Home

OF THE ScfR- Family [O.E. scir, bright,

splendid -|- -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff.

-ing + hdm, home, estate]

SHERLEY, V.Shirley.

SHERLOCK (Eng.) i With Fair or White

Hair [M.E. s{c)herej,schyr{e, etc., O.E. scir

+ M.E. lok, O.E. locc]

The form Schyrlok occurs in the 13th
cent. ; Shirlok in the 14th cent.

Cp. the surnames Whitelock and
Silverlock.

2 Dweller at the Clear Stream [O.E.

scir -f- lacu\

Cp. the Cheshire place-name Shurlach.

SHERMAN = Shearman, q.v.

In the Rolls of the Freemen of the City
- of Chester (1392-1700) 'sherman' occurs
frequently as a trade-name, e.g. —

Nicholas Wilkynson, sherman, alias
Nicholas Sherraon, A.D. 1476-7.

Sherra

155

Shiell

SHERRA (Celt.) the Ir. Searrach (a nickname)
i= the Colt [Ir. searrach, colt, filly]

This name is sometimes used in Ireland
for Sheppard, Sherand, q.v.

Cp- Sherry.

SHERRARD, v. Sherard.

SHERRAS, Shbrra's (Son) : v. Sherra [Eng.

genit. -j]

SHERRATT I Dweller at the Sheer Gate or

Opening [O.E. seer-, f. sceran, scieran, to

cut, shear (prt. j«(a)r, pp. scoren, cut off

short, precipitous) 4- geat (M.E.yate), a

gate, opening]

A Scergeat is mentioned in the A.-Sax.
Chronicle, A.D. 912.

2 a weak form of Sherrard, Sherard,
q.v.

SHERRIFF (Eng.) Sheriff, Shire -Reeve
[O.E. sclr-ge)refa]

A shirreve hadde he been, and a countour.
Was nowher suCh a worthy vavasour. —
' Chaucer, Prol. Cant Tales, 359-6o.

SHERRIN I for Sherwin, q.v.

2 for Sherrihg = Shearing, q.v.

3 for the French CfeW« [Fr. cher, dear,

beloved + the dim. suff. -««]

SHERRING = Shearing, q.v.

SHERRINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Sherrington,

' A.-Sax, *Sciringa-tAn = . the Estate of

THE ScfR- Family [O.E.^aV, bright,

splendid 4- ringa, genit. pi. ot the fil. suff.

-ing + tun, estate, etc.]

The Wilts place was Sherinton, A.D.
1321-2.

SHERRY (Celt.) for the Irish i MacSearraigh

= Son of Searrach, i.e. the Colt [Ir.

searrach, genit. searraigh, a colt, filly]

2 O'Searraigh = Grandson of Sear-
rach.

SHERSON for Sherston, q.v.

SHERSTON (Eng.) Bel. to Sherston (Wilts)
[If this place (as has been claimed; is the
Sceorstdn where Eadmund fought Cnut in
1016 the name evid. means the 'Projecting
Rock,' f. O.E. sceorian, to project, jut out,
', + stdn, stone, rock, Oh the other hand,
Sherston rarely occurs with -stan or -stone
in the i3th-i5thcent.:e.g. we find Shereston,
A.D. 1247-8, Schireston, 1322-3, Sherston,
1414-S, implying "Scir's Estate.' But the
speUing Shorstan of the Wilts place-name
in 1 25 1-2 (Charter-Rolls) is strong evidence
in favour of an orig. Sceorstdn, as .above.
Sherston is situated " on an eminence "|

) (Eng.) to Shervington,
SHERVINGTON | Lanes (poss. Shevington,
near Wigan, although this place occurs
in the 13th cent, as Shevinton and Shefinton),
A.D. 1284-S Schuruyngton, Schureuyngton
(Lane. Assize-Rolls), a.d. 1354 Shurvyntoh
(Lane. Fines), A.-Sax. *Scuffinga-tAn= the
Estate of the Scurfa Family [the
pers. name is a nickname f. O.E. scurf,
scurf -I- -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. Suff. -ing
-I- tAn, farm, estate]
Cp. Scruton.

SHERWELL \ (Eng.) Bel. to Sherwell or Sher-

SHERWILL J will (Devon) ; or Dweller at the

Clear Spring [O.E. scir, clear, pure -|-

w{i)ella, wylla, a spring, well]

A scirviylla occurs in a charter by Offa,
A.D. 785.

SHERWIN \ (Eng.) 1 for the U.'E,. Sherwynd,

SHERVJEH ] Scherewynd, a nickname for a

Fleet Runner [f. O.'E.. sceran, to shear,

cut + wind, wind]

Peter Scherewynd. — Hund. Rolls.

2 for an A.-Sax. *Sclrwine = Splendid
Friend [O.E. scir + wine, friend]

SHERWOOD (Eng.) Bel. to Sherwood (jNotts),

14th cent. Sherwode, Shyrwode, 13th cent.

Scher{e)wode, Scirewode, a.d. 958 Scirwudu

: [the first element is ratherO.E.srfr,bright,

fight-coloured (cp. the Ger. Klarholz), than

O.E. 5«V, district, shire]

Will'us de Sherwode. — -

Cal. Ini- ad q. Damn., A.D. 1325-6,
And Robyn was in mery Scherwode. —
Rohyn Hode and the Munke, 357.

SHEWALD(Scand.)SEA-RuLER[O.N.Si(;«aW-r
(mod.Norw. SjSvald) — sj6-r, sea -|- uald-r,

ruler]

SHEWAN (Scand.) Sea -Used [this name

corresponds exactly to the Swei.sjowan

(sj as sh) (Dan.-Norw. sovant), f.O.N. sj6-r,

sce-r, sea -t- uan-r, used, wontj

This is muqh more probable, for several
reasons, than the suggested derivation
from an O.^orseSiguanXO.^.sig-r, victory
+ «rf«, hope], which, in any case, would
be a fem. name.

SHEWARD (Scand.) Sea -Guardian [O.N.
Sjouar^-r, Sjpuor'S-r— sjo-r, sea -1- -uar^-r,
ud>^, guard, guardian]
Cp. Seward.

SHEWELL for Shewald, q.v.
Cp. Sewell.

SHIEL \ (Scand.) Dweller at a Hut or Shed

SHI ELL J [Scand. skiul {ski or skj as'shi), O.N.

sk(0l, sk^li, a shed, ^elter^

Shield

156

Shinkins

The swallows jintin' round my shiel

Amuse me at my spinning-wheel. —

I Burns, ' Bess,' 23-4.

(Celt.) the Irish Siadhail, a nickname =
Sloth ! [Ir. siadhail, sloth, sluggishness]

SHIELD (Eng.) i Dweller at the sign of the
Shield [O.E. sc{i)eld, scyld]

2 the A.-Sax. pers. name Sceld, Scild,
Scyld = Shield, Protection.

There has been some confusion with
Shiel, q.v.

SHIELDS (Scand.)Bel. to Shields; or Dweller
at the Huts or Sheds [v. Shiel']

South Shields " was called Le Sheeles,
from the sheds built along the shore by
the fishermen of the Tyne."— iVat. Gaz.

The spelling in the Yorks Poll-Tax a.d.
1379 was Scheles.

(Eng.) Shield's (Son): v. Shield.

(Celt.) = ShieP (q.v.) with the E. genit.
•s suff.

SHIELS (Scand.) pi. of ShleP, q.v.

(Celt.) = ShieP (q.v.) with the E. genit.
-J suff.

(Eng.) for Shields', q.v.

SHIER = Shere, q.v.

SHIERS = Shears, q.v.

SHIERSON = Shearson, q.v.

SHILCOCK \ I'he first element has been
SHILLCOCKJ thought to be that seen in

Sheldrake, q.v. (the sheldrake and shel-

duck were sometimes called sheld-fowl) ;

but it is much more Hkely to be the pial.

E. skill, shrill [O.E. scyl, resounding, noisy
-|- cocc, a cock]

SHILDRICK for Sheldrake, q.v.

SHILLING (Eng.) the A.-Sax, tiers, name
Scilling, occurring e.g. in ' WidsiS,' 1. 207 ;
found in the i3th-cent. Hundred-Rolls as
Scilling, Schilling, Schelling, the last being
the present-day Dutch form [f. the O.E.
monetary unit scilling, m.]

SHILLINGFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Shillingford
(Berks, Devon, Oxf.) [The Berks place
seems to be the A.-Sax. Scaringaford (a.d.
931), i.e. the ' Ford of the Scar- Family'
(cp. O.E. sc{e)ar, a shear or ploughshare) ;
but the'Devon place (a.d. i 3 14-1 S Schilling-
ford) and the Oxf. hamlet prob. denote ,
fords where a charge was made (cp. Guild-
ford) and therefore contain the O.E.
s«7W«^, shilling, a monetary unit]

SHILLINGLAW(Eng.)Bel.to ShiUinglaw [The
second element is the O.E. hHw, a hill,

tumulus : the first element is prob. a pers.
name (v. Shilling) ; but the possibility of
its being the Scot, shieling, a shed, hut (v.
Shiel', and with the sufi. -ing) cannot be

excluded]

SHILLINGSWORTH (Eng.) Dweller at Scill-
ing's Estate [A.-Sa.-x..*Scillinges-wor\f :v.
under Shilling, and -j- O.E. wot^, estate,

' farm]

SHILLITO \ This name, uniformly occurring
SHILLITOE in the Yorks PoU-Tax, a.d. 1379,
SHILLITTO -as Selito, in 1397-8 as Shelito
SHILLETO ('Notes and Queries,' 2Sth Apl.
SHILITO / '14, p. 335) undoubtedly presents
difficulties, chiefly owing to the lack of
earlier forms. ' It has been suggested that
it represents a Norman place-name S/7eto/ ;
but I cannot trace such a place-name; and, '
in any case, in the 14th cent, we should
expect the retention in the surname of the
final -t. As it is "a great Yorkshire name"
it is prob. Scandinavian, and the second
element may be the O.N. td (Swed. taa,
prou. almost toe), a path, walk, sheepwalk,
cattle-run (rather than fof the O.E. ho, a
hill, promontory), with the first element
either O.N. skiol (sk before i normally
palatalized to sK), a shiel, shed, shelter, or
O.N. sei (genit. pi. sella), a shed on a moun-
tain-pasture. I'he surname now occurs as
both Sillito(e and Shillito(e, &c. Guppy,
' Homes of Family-Names ' (p. 550), says :
"Shropshire contains both these forms,
Staffordshire has Sillitoe with Sillito, and
the West Riding has Shillitoe."

SHILTON (Eng.) Bel. to Shilton, for Shelton,
q.v.

The Warw. Shilton was Scelftone in
Domesday-Book.

SHIMELD, V. Shemeld.

SHIMMIN Vfrom the IVIanx double dim. form
SHIMMING Simeen {or Mac Simeen)oi Simon,
SHIMMEN q.v. [IManx dim. suff. -een = Ir.
SHIMMAN I in]

SHINE (Celt.) the Irish Seighin, a dim. of Ir.
s^igh = Falcon, Hawk [Ir. dim. suff. in]

Not, however, without confusion with
the Ir. seighion, ' champion.'

SHINER (Eng.) a nickname or occupati ve name
[f. IVI.E. schynen, O.E. scinan, to shine]

SHINGLER (A.-Lat.) Roofer, Tiler, i.e. with

shingles or wood-laths [f. M.E. shingle for

shindle ; Lat. scindula, a shingle]

SHINGLETON (Eng.) a-palatal form of Single-
ton, q.v.

SHINKINS for Jenkins, q.v.

Shinn

157

Shore

SHINN, a weak form of Sheen, q.v.

There may have been confusion with
Chinn, q.v. The name can hardly be the
O.E. scinnifl, ' demon,' ' spectre.' ,

SHINNER (Eng.) Wizard, Magician [O.E.

scinnere]
SHIP \ (Eng.) Dweller at the sign of the Ship
SHIPP; [O.E. s«>]

SHIPHAM » (Eng.)Bel.toShiphara;or Dweller
SHIPPAM J at the Sheep-Encbosure [O.E.
sc^ap, scip + hamm, eliclosure]
SHIPLEE 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Shipley; or Dweller
SHI PLEY J at the Sheep-Lea [O.E. scSap, scip

, +UaK\
A Hampshire charter a.d. 909 has 't6
scipUage' (dat. form).

The Yorks Shipley occurs as Scipeleia in
Domesday-Book. '

SHIPMAN (Eng.) I Sailor, Skipper [M.E.

s{c)hip'man, O.E. scipmann\

A shipman was ther, wonynge [dwelling]

fer by waste ;

For aught I woot he was of Dertemouthe.

—Chaucer, Prol. Cant. Tales, A 388-9.

(occ.) 2 Sheep - Man, i.e. Shepherd

[O.E. sceap, scip + mann\

SHIPPARD \ (Eng.) r Shepherd [O.E.
SHIPPERD / sctphierde]

3 for Shipwardi q.v.

SHIPPER (Eng,) Sailor [M.E. s{c)hippere, O.E.

scipere]
SHIPPEY ^ Sheppey, q.v.

SHIPSTER (Eng.) i Steersman, Pilot [O.E.

scipsiiera']

2 Barge-Woman [=Shippep,but with

the fem. agent, suff. -ster, O.E. -estre]

SHIPTON (Eng.) Bel. to Shipton, 13th - 14th
cent. Shipton, Schipton = the Sheep-Farm
[O.E. sceap, scip, sheep + tun, enclosure,

farm, etc.]
Cp. Shepton and Skipton. ^ '

SHIPWARD (Eng.) Shipmaster, Skipper
[O.E. scipw{e)ard\

SHIPWASH (Eng.) Dweller at a Sheep- Wash
[O.E. sc4apwasce, place for washing sheep]

SHIPWAY = Shepway, q.v.

SHIRD
SHIRT

for Sheapd, q.v.

SHIRE (Eng.) i Dweller at a Shire \^..'S,.shire,
, schire ; OiE. scir^ district, parish, diocese]

Gregory atte Shire. —

Cal. Wills Ct. Husting, A.D. 1397.

2 = Shore, q.v. [cp. Dial. E. jAw, clear]

SHI REMAN (Eng.) Official; Steward;

Sheriff; Native of a Shire or District

[O.E. sclr(e)mann]

In Eastern England ' Shireman ' denotes
one who is not a native of Norfolk, Suffolk,
or Essex.

SHIRES, genit. of Shire, g.v. ,

SHIRLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Shirley ; or Dweller at
I the Bright or White Lea [O.E. scir -h

ledh'\

2 the Shire- or Parish-Lea [O.E. scir,

district, parish, shire]

-Shirley, Hants, was Shirle, a.d. 1326-7;
Shirley, Derby, was Scherlay in the late
14th cent.

Cp. Sherley.

SHIRREFF = Sherrlff, q.v.

SHI RTCLI FF(E \ (Eng.) Dweller at the White
SHIRTLIFF(E J or Shining Cliff [O.E. scir

+ clif]
This is specifically a Yorks surname,
found as Shirclyf a.d. 1379 and Sheircliffe
and Sherclyffin the early 17th cent.

SHMITH for Smith, q.v. [the -h- is prob. due
to German influence]

SHOBBROOK \ (Eng.) Bel. to Shobrooke
SHOBROOK J (Devon) [the first element is
doubtful ; but the occurrence of Sholbrook
and Sholebrook, and the analogy of
> Woburn (O.E. wdh, crooked), make it prob.
that it represents the O.E. scedlh, crooked,
if not M.E. shold, O.E. scedld, shallow]

SHOEBRIDGE (Eng.) Dweller at (app.) the
Sheep-Ridge [O.E. scedp + hrycg]

SHOEBROOK = Sho(b)brook, q.v.

SHOESMITH \(Eng.) Farrier [O.E. scd{h, ,
SHOOSMITH J shoe -1- smip, smith]

SHOLTO (Celt.) The available evidence is
not sufficient to show whether this name
is f. Gael, and Ir. siolta, a teal, sioltaich, a.
goosander, or f. sial, m., seed, race, clan,
with the plen. suff. -tach.

SHONE, an Irish form (Seon) of John, q.v.

SHOOLBRED (Eug.) School-Bred; a nick-
name dating irom days when education
was not so widespread [a palatal form of
' school' (cp. Ger. schule, school), M.E. scale,

Lat. schold]

SHOPP (Eng.) Dweller at a Shop [O.E.
sceoppa, a stall, booth]

SHORE (Eng.) . Dweller at the Shore or

Strand [M.E. schore \ prob. f. O.E.

, . sc(f)orian, to project]

Shoreditch

J58

Shrimpton

(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at the Sewer or
Drain [O.Fr. sewiere, a sluice, channel;
essouere, a drain, ditch]
Robert del Shore. —

Lane. Fines, A.D. 1374.

SHOREDITCH (A.-Fr. + E.) Bel. to Shore-
ditch, 14th cent. Shordych(e = the Sewer-
Ditch [v. under Shore", and + M.E.
dych(e, dich{e, O.E. d{c\
To the soutere of Southwerk,
Or of Shordyche dame Emme^ —

Piers Plowman, 8707-8,
The author of the old ballad 'Jane
Shore' believed that Shoreditch owed its
name to Edward the Fourth's favourite
mistress ! —
The which now, since my dying daye,
Is Shoredttch call'd, as writers saye. —

l.l- 133-4-

SHOREHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Shoreham (Kent :

A.D. 822 Scorham ; Sussex : a.d. 1315-16

Shoreham \pS.scor- {—O.'ii. skor), a score,

notch, cleft, rift -J- hamim, an enclosure]

SHORLAND (Eng.) Dweller at the Shore-
Land [v. Shore', and -t- M.E. O.E. land]

SHpRROCK (Eng,) Bel. to Shorrock (Lanes),
13th cent. Shorrok [doubtful : perh. f. the
pp., scoren (shorn, precipitous), of O.E.
seeran, to shear, cut -f- M.E. rok, O.E. -rocc,

a rock]

SHORT "1 (Eng.) Little [M.E. s(f)hort, O.'E.
SHORTTj scl,e)ori\

See the note under Shorting.

In Ireland, ' Short ' has sometimes been
used to represent the synonymous Ir.
Gearr (or McGirr).

SHORTALLl (Eng.) Dweller at the SHORT
SHORTELL/NoOK [O.E. sc(e)ort, short -|-

heal(h, nook]

SHORTER (Eng.) (the) Littler [compar. of

Short]

SHORTHOSE (Eng.) a nickname from Short

Hose [O.E. sc(e)ort, short -t- hosa, pi. hosan,

hose, stockings]

SHORTING (Eng.) Dweller at the Short
Meadow [O.E. ic(e)ort, short -|- O.North.
and East.E. ing (O.N. eng), meadow]
There does not seem to be any record
of the use of sc(e)ort as a pers. name
among the Anglo-Saxons (the Scoria quoted
by Searle, 'Onomas. A.-Sax.', p. 41 1, is due
to his mistaking the ordinary adjective in
a local name for a proper name), although
there is, of course, no reason why it should
not have be^n used as a nickname (cp.
\ 'Pepin le Bref ') ; and this fact makes it
improbable that the second element in
' Shorting ' is the O.E. 'son' suffix. On the
other hand, there are various instances of
its use in A,-Sax. local names ; and Mr.

E. H. H. Shorting of Broseley, Salop, has
given me the forms Shorting, Shortinge,
Shortyng, Shortyn^e, as occurring in i6th-
cent. East-Anglian deeds.

SHORTIS, Short's (Son): v. Short.

SHOTBOLT (Eng.) a nickname for a Cross-
bowman [f. O.E. scedtan, to shoot -|- holt]

Thomas Shotbolt. —

Close Rolls, A.D. 1456-7.

SHOTT (Eng.) i Dweller at a Nook or Corner
[Dial. E. sh6t{t ; O.E. scedt, a corner, pro-
jection]
2 Quick, Ready [O.E. sceSt]

SHOTTER (Eng.) i = Shott' (q.v.) + the
agent, suff. -er.

2 Shooter [f.O.E. scedtan, to shoot ; with
the £. agent, suff. -er]
There has prob. been some confusion
with Shorter, q.v.

SHOTTON (Eng.) Bel. to Shotton = the No6k-

Farm [v. under Shott', and -|- O.E. tun,

farm, estate, etc.]

The Northumberland place occurs as

Shotton A.D. 1269-70.

SHOUBRIDGE, V. Shoebridge.

SHOULDHAM, v. Shuldham.

SHOULDING, a palatal form of Scolding, q.v.

SHOVEL (Scand.) for the O^Scand. Sjdvald-r=
Sea-Rijler [O.N. sjS-r, sea+vald-r, ruler]

SHOVELLER 1 (Eng.) Shoveller (of Corn,

SHOULER \&cA [M.E. schovel, show(e)l,

SHOWLER J O.E. scofl, a shovel+the agent.

suff. -er, O.E. -ere]

SHOWELL (Eng.) i Bel. to Showell (Oxon),
A.D. 1238-9 Shuwell = the Dark Well
[O.E. scu{w)a, shadow, darkness -|-w(i)eWa,

a spring]
2 = Shewell, q.v.

SHREEVE

SHREVE \ = Sherplff, q.v.

SHRIEVE J

SHRE;WSBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Shrewsbury,
the A.-Sax. Scrobbesburh — Scrobb's
Stronghold [the pers. name (in the
genit.) is a masc. var. of O.E. scrybh,
underwood + burh, a fortified place]
Richard, the son of Scrob, as well as
Richard's son Osberti, held lands under
King Eadward in the counties of Hereford,
Worcester, and Salop. —

Lapp.-Thorpe, A.-Sax. Kings, ii. 311.

SHRIMPTON (Eng.). Littleseems to be known
of the surname (fairly common in Oxford-
shire) beyond the apparent fact that
"from the reign of James L to that of

Shrosbree

159

5ibery

[ for Shob(b)rook, q.v.

George III. sixteen mayors of Wycombe
[Bucks] bore this name." It may denote
'the Farm or Estate of Shrimp,' a nickname
[IM.E. shrimp, a shrimp ; f. O.E. scrimman,
' to be drawn up or bent (of limbs '] ; but
not imposs. a corrupt (metathesized) form
of a name like Shervinton.

SHROSBREE for Shrewsbury, q.v.

SHRUBSOLE (Eng.) If the modern form may
be trusted (early forms seem to be
lacking) the name denotes ' the Shrubby
Marsh' or ' Moss' [f. a var. of O.E. scrybb,
underwood + O.E, sol, mud, a moss or
boggy place (Kent. dial, sole, a muddy

pond]

SHUBOTHAM, prob. a contr. of Shuffle-
both am, q.v.

SHUBRICK
SHUBROOK

SHUFFLEBOTHAM "1 (Eng.) Bel. to Shuffle-
SHUFFLEBOTTOM I bottom or Shipple-
bottom (Lanes), A.D. 1323 Shipwallebothum,
A.D. 1285 Schipwallebothon, Schyppewalle-
hothem, and Schyppewellehothem = the
Sheep-Well Valley [O.E. sclp, sheep
+ welle, a well, spring + hotm, a bottom,

valley]

SHUFFREY, a sibilated form of GeolTpey, q.v.

SHULDHAM 1 (Scand. + E.) Bel. to Should-

SHULDAM jham (Norf.), 13th cent. Shuld-

ham = Skiold's Home or Estate [O.N.

skiold-r, Dan.-Norw. skiold (with sk- before

i palatalized to sh-), a shield + M.E. ham,

O.E. hdm(p.N. heim-r), home, &c.]

Prior' de Shuldham. —

Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1250-1.

SHUR(R)EY, app. a form of Surrey, q.v.

SHUTE 1 (Eng.) i Dweller at a Shoot or

SHUTT J Shut, i.e. a narrow lane or avenue

[Dial. E. shoot, shut; f. O.E. sceStan, to

shoot, riin (of a road]

2 Archer [O.E. scytta\

3 Quick, Ready [O.E. scedtl
Cp. Cockshoot ; and Shott.

SHUTER (Eng.) Shooter ; Archer [O.E.

scytere'\
SHUTTLEWORTH(Eng.) Bel. to Shuttleworth
(Lanes), 14th cent. Shutelesworth, 13th cent.
Shyotlesworth = Scytel's Estate [the
pers. name is f. the O.E. scytel, m., a dart,
missile (E. sfiuttle) + O.E. wor^, estate,

farm, etc.]

SHYLOCK is app. a shortened form of the M.E.
Schyrlok (Hund. Rolls), i.e. White Hair
[O.E. sclr, bright, white + locc, lock of hair;

hair] and prob. has nothing to do with the
M.E. Syloch, which represents the A.-Sax.
Sigeldc, ' Victorious Contest.'

SIBARY, V. Slbery.

SIBB I a contr. of Sibyl, Sibil, Fr. Sibille, Ital.
Sibilla, Lat. Sibylla, GT.Xt^v\U, a Sibyl or
prophetess [the deriv. from the stem of the
Lacon. ZhSs for Attic Geiis, God, and a weak
dial, form of Attic /3o»Xi}, counsel, is not
universally accepted]

2 for the A.-Sax. Sib{b)a, f. (a) A.-Sax.
j/JJ.relationship.peace, happiness (whence
E. sib, a relation) ; (6) a pet contr. of the
Sigeb- names, such as Sigeb(.e)ald (v. Sib-
bald"), Sigeber{h)t (v. Sebright'), Sigeboda
(v. Slbbott>).

SIBBALD (Eng.) i the A.-Sax. Sigeb{e)ald =
Victoriously Bold [O.E. sige = O.Sax.
O.H.Ger. sigi = Goth, sigi-s = O.N. Jie-r,
victory -|- O.E. b{e)ald = O.Sax. O.H.Ger.
bald = Goth. *bal^-s = O.N. ball-r, bold]
2 the A.-Sax. SdRb{.e)ald = Sea-Bold
[O.E. sA = O.Sax. O.H.Ger. sSo = Goth.
saiw-s = O.N. sA-r, sea + bald, as above]

A SAbald is recorded in the A.-Saxon
genealogies as a descendant of Woden
and a progenitor of the kings of Deira.

SIBBERING. The earliest forms of this name
that Mr.G.T. Sibbering,of Newport (Mon.),
has succeeded in tracing axeSybbering, a.d.
1643, and Sibbring, a.d. 1655. Phonetically,
the name could represent an A. - Sax.
Sigeburhing (with the ' son ' suff -ing); but
Si^eJMrAisa fem. name. He finds the ndme
Sidbrincke in 1560, Sydbrinche, in 1569 and
Sidbrinkeini6og; Sibbrinke in i62/i. These
surnames, which are app. local names
of Continental Teut. origin, may be the
originals of Sibbering.

SIBBET

SIBBETT

SIBBITT

Cp. Sibbot(t.

SIBBOT 1 I = Sibb (q.v.) + the Fr. dim.
SIBBOTT J suff. -ot.

Cp. Sibbet(t.

2 for the A.-Sax. Sigebod{a (LowGer. and

■ Fris. Sibod) = Victorious Messenger

[O.E. sige, victory -|- boda, messenger]

SIBBS, Sibb's (Son): V. Sibb.

SIBERY (Eng.) i for the A.-Sax. fem. pers.
name Sigeburh = Victorious StRjOng-
hold [O.E. sige, victory -1- burh, a fortified

place]

• - Sibb (q.v.) -1- the Fr. dim. suff.

-et.

2 for SIdbury, q.v.

Sibley

i6o

Sid(e)n]an

SIBLEY= Sibyl or Sibil (v. under Sibb') + the
E. dim. suff. -y, -ie.
Thomas Sihe\y.—Hund. Rolls-
Geoffrey Sibilie.^ do.

SIBLING (Eng.) Kinsman [O.E. sibbling]

SIBORNE (ScandJ the O. Scand. SigbVam =
Victorious Bear [O.N. sig-r, victory +

biBm, bear]

(Eng.) the A.-Sax. Sigebeorn = Victori-
ous Warrior [O.E. sige, victory + beam,

warrior]

The A. - Saxon name was used as an
equivalent of the Norse name.

SIBRAY

SIBREE = Sibery, q.v.

SIBREY .

SIBSON I Sib(b)'s Son: v. SIbb.
Thomas Sibson. —

Yorlis Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

2 Bel. to Sibson or Sibston = Sibbe's

Farm oV Estate [v. under Sibb', and +

O.E, tuti]
But the Leicester Sibson was formerly
Sibstone, and the second element may be
O.E. sldn, a ' rock,' ' stone castle.'

SIBTHORPE (Eng.) Bel. to Sibthorpe (Notts),

13th cent. Sybethorp, Sibbeth0rp=SiB{B)A's

Estate [v. under Sibb', and + O.E. )forp,

, farm, estate]

SICKELMORE\(Eng.) Dweller at (app.)

SICKLEMORE I Sicel's orSicoL's Moor [for

the pers.name see under Sioklinghall, and

+ M.E. more, O.E. mdr, a moor]

Poss. the place is the Suflolk hamlet
Sicklesmere ; but some, at any rate, of the
Sickelmores may owe their name to the
Staffs Silkmore;, in Domesday Selchmore,
14th cent. Silkemor, Selkemer, Selkmore,
doubtless representing a.nA.-Sa.x.*Seolcan-
mSr = Seolca's Moor [pers. name a nick-
name f. O.E. seolc, m., silk]

SIOKLINGHALL (Eng.) Bel. to SickHnghall
(Yorks), the Domesday SicKw^-a/, O.Angl.
*Sicolinga-hall = the Hall of the Sicol
FAMlLYfthe pers. name is evid. a nickname
from O.E. sicol (Lat. secula),m.,z. sickle -|-
-inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing + ball,

a hall]

SICKMAN (Eng. or Scand.) Sike-Ma'n [Dial.
E. sick, ' a small stream or rill ' ; O.E. sic
= O.N. sik, a ditch, watercourse]
Ricardus Sykman. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

SI D B U RY(Celt. -|- Eng.) Bel. to Sidbury (Castle)
(Devon: a.d. 1337-8 Sydebiry) = the
Stronghold on the R. Sip [the river-
name is prob. Ce|t. and conn, with Wei.

sid, a winding: 1- O.'E. burh, a fortified

* place]

(Eng.) Bel. to Sidbury (Salop, Wilts,

&c.) = the Broad or Big Fortification

[O.E. sid -f burJi]

SIDDALL \ (Eng.) i Bel. to Siddall ; or Dwel-
SIDDELL J ler at {a) the Wide Dale [O.E. sid

+ dceh
, (6) the Wide Nook or Corner [O.E!

sid -I- heal{h~\
The Yorks Siddall was Sydall a.d. 1379,
as was the Lanes place a.d. 1548.

2 the A.-Sax. pers. name S!ife/= Broad,
Big [O.E. sid, wide, big -1- the dim. suff.

-el]
SIDDALLS, pi., and genit., of Siddall, q.v.
Thomas de Sidales. —

Lane. Ing., A.D. 1323, ,

SIDDELEY I (Eng.)Bel.toSid(d)ley; orDwel-
SIDDLEY Ueratthe Broad Lea [O.E.sid+
SIDLEY J ledh]

SIDDINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Siddington, the
A.-Sax. *Sidinga-tlin = the Estate of the
Sid(a Family [the pers. name is f. O.E. sid,
broad, big, or O.E. sidu, chastity + -inga,
genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing + tun, estate,

etc.]
Richard de Sidinton. —

Chesh. Chmbrlns'. Accts., A.D. 1303-4.

SIDDON (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the French Sidon, f.

(with dim., or accus., suff. -o)n) the O.Teut.

Sido [prob. f. the stem sid-, seen in O^Sax.

and O.E. sidu = Goth, sidu-s, m., custom,

habit, (also) chastity]

(Eng.) Bel. to Siddon or Sidon = the

Broad Hill [O.E.«W, broad -f- dtin, a hill]

There is a Sidon Hill in Hants.

SIDDONS, Sid(d)on's (Son) : v. Siddon.

SIDE (Eng.) Broad, Big [M.E. side, O.E. sid]

SIDEBOTTOM 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Sidebottom ;

SIDEBOTHAM (or Dweller at the Broad

Valley [O.E. sid, broad -f botm, a bottom,

valley]
The name occurs iii i5th-cent. Cheshire
records as Sidbothom, Sidebotham.
Cp. Longbottom.
SIDES, Side's (Son): v. Side.

SID(E)MAN (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Sideman [the
first element here is rather O.E. side- (as
in sidefull,c\izsie., respectable, good),f. sidu,
chastity, than O.E.,j/rf, broad: cp. the
corresp.O.N. «1Sa-»ja'S-r,'a well-bred man']

Sidgreaves

i6i

Silvanus

SIDGREAVES(Enjg.)Bel.toSidgreaves(LanCs),
13th cent, (de) Sydegreves, Sidegreves —
the Wide Groves [O.E. sld + grcefas\

SIDGWICK = Sedgwick, q.v.

SIDLESHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Sidlesham (Suss.),
7th cent. Sideleshdm = Sidel's Home [v.
under Siddell', and + O.E. hdm, home,

estate]

S I D N EY (A.-Fr.-Lat. &c.) i for the Lat. Stdoni-us
(Ital. Sidonio) = Sidonian, Phcenician [f.
the Phoenician port Sidon, Gr. 'ZiSiv, Heb.
Tsiddn; commonly said to denote a fishing-
station ( " the fish at Zidon were as
numerous as grains of sand"), f. the root
tsudh, to lay snares ; but ace. to Josephus
the port owed its name and origin to Sidon
the firstborn of Canaan {Gen. x. 15]

2 Bel. to St. Denys or St. Denis (Nor-
mandy) [v. under Dennis]

St. Denis is a common French ecclesias-
tical village-name; and it is doubtless the
preponderating source of 'Sidney.'

Will'us Sidney. —

Inq. a. q. Damn., A.D. 1324-5.

Will'us Sydney.—

Rot. Chart., A.D. 1446-7.

SI DWELL (Eng.) Bel. to Sidwell (Hants;
Devon) = the Broad Well , [O.E. sid +

wit^elld]
Cp. Bradweil.

SIEBERT, a French form of the Teut. Sigebert:
V. under Sebright'.

SlEMMSl _ „!,„= n„
SIEMS } - S'"'^' "l-'-

SIEVEKING seems to be for the O.Norse
SiiSviking-r, denoting one belonging to
SflS(a)vik [O.N. sOS-r, south + vtk, inlet,

bay]

SIEVER (Scand.) the Norse Siver, Syver for

Stgvard, O.Norse Sigvar'S-r, Sigvor'S-r =

Victorious Guard [O.N. sig-r, victory+

vSi^-r, guard]

SIEVEWRIGHT (Eng.) Sieve-Maker [O.E. ■

sife + wyrhtd\
SIGG (Teut.) I a contr. of one or other of the
numerous Teut. Sig- names [O.Teut. sig-, '

victory]

An 8th-cent. Bishop of Selsey, Sigefrith,
was familiarly known as Sigga, which also
occurs as an O.Dan, name ; the fdrra in
the i3th-cent. Hundred-Rolls (Norf.) being
Sigge.

2 Man, Warrior [f. O.N. segg-r— O.E.

secg'\
SIGGER, a form of Seger, Segar(q.v.), esp. 2.

JIGGERS. SiGGER's (Son),

I Silcock's (Son),

SIGGIN (Teut.) for the O.Teut. Sigeixiine,
Sigwin, &c. = Victorious Friend [O.E. ,
sige = O.Sax.O.H.Ger. sigi = O.N. sig-r
(=Goth. sigi-s), victory -|- O.E. wine =
O.Sax. O.H.Ger. wini = O.N. uin-r, friend]
Sigewine occurs in the Liber Vitse Dunelm.

SIGGINS, SiGGlN's(Son).

SIGGS, Sigg's (Son): v. Sigg.

SIKES, V. the commoner form Syl<es.

SILCOCK = Sil(l, q.v. 4- the E. pet suff. -cock.
In the Yorks Poll-Tax, a.d. 1379, we
find the forms Silcok, Silkok, Sylkok.

SILCOCKS
SILCOX

SILK "1 (Eng.&c.') a nickname and trade-name
SILKE J from the material [O.E. seoloc, seolc
= O.N. silki; of East, orig.]
Cp. Cotton.

We find the pers. name Sylc, Seolc{a, in
A.-Saxon times ; and here the possibility
of the name being f. O.E. seolQi, m., a seal
(animal), with the dim. suff. -oc, cannot be
excluded.

SILKI N = Sil(l, q.v. -f- the E. dim. suff. -kin

[O.LGer. -k-in\

SILKMAN = Silk, q.v. -)- E. man.
Thomas Silkman. —

Chse Rolls, A.D. 1377.

SILKSWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Silksworth (Dur-
ham), loth cent. Sylceswyr'S = Sylc's
Farm or Estate [v. under Silk, and +
O.E. wyt^, weor^, farm, etc.]

SILL, a contr. of i Silvester, q.v.

2 Silvanus, q.v.

3 Cecil, q.v.

IIller) = ®®"*''' ^^"^''' "i"-

SILLIFANT, a West. Eng. form of Sullivan,
q.v.

SILLIMAN : V. under Seel(e)y,and -f- E. man,
O.E. mann.

The corresponding German name is
Seligmann.

S1LLIT0(E : V. Slli|lito(e.
SILLS I Sill's (Son) : v. Sill.

(pec.) 2 a var. of Sells, q.v.
SILLSON, Sill's Son: v. Sill.

S I LVA NUS(Lat.)BELONGiNGTOA Wood [Lat.
Silvanus, god of forests ; f. silva, a wood,

forest] '

Silverlock

Simond

SILVERLOCK (Eng.) With Silver (white)
Hair [O.E. silfer, seolfor, silver + locc,

hair]

SILVERMAN, an Anglicization of the Ger.
SlLBERMANN, q.v. in the Appendix of
Foreign names.

SILVERSIDE (Eng.) Bel. to Silverside; or

Dweller at the White (Hill-) Side [Dial.

E. silver, white ; O.E. seolfor, silver + E.

side, O.E. side"]

John de Sylversyd. —

Preston Guild-Soils, A.D. 1397.

SILVERS! DES, pi., and genit., of Silverside.

SILVERSTONE (Eng.) Bel. to Silverstone; or

Dweller at the White Stone or Rock

[Dial. E.iiter, white; O.E. seolfor, silver +

O.E. stdn, stone, rock, stone castle]

But Silverstone, Northants, occurs in
Domesday-Book as Silvestone and Selve-
stone.

This name is often an Anglicization of
the Ger. Silberstein, q.v. in the Appendix
of Foreign Names.

SILVERTHORN \ (Eng.) Dweller by a

SILVERTHORNE J White Thorn [DiaL E.

silver, white; O.E. seolfor, silver + O.E.

forw, thorn-tree]

SILVERWOOD (Eng.) Dweller at a W'hite
Wood (as of silver-birches) [Dial. E. silver,
white ; O.E. seolfor, silver -i^ O.E. wudu, a

wood]

SILVESTER (Lat.) Bel. to a Wood ; Wild
[Lat. Silvester, f. silva, a wood, forest]

The form in the 13th - cent. Hundred-
Rolls was usually Silvestre.

SIM, a dim. of Simon, Simeon, q.v.
Thomas Symme. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

Bayth Sym and his bruder. —

Symmie and his Bruder, 10.

SIMBARB (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.)Bel.to Ste. Barbe

(Normandy) [Barbe is a French form of

Barbara : v. under Babb']

This name was Latinized de Sancta
Barba.

SIMCOCK = Sim (q.v.) -f the E. pet sufi.
■cock.

In the 14th cent, we find the forms
Simecok and Symekok.

SIMOOCKSi
SIMCOX

SIME, like Sim, a dim. of Simon, Simeon,
q.v.

Nowlhir Syme nor his bruder.—

Symmie and his Bruder, 20.

SIMEON (Heb.) the Heb. Shim'6n (Gr. Su/teiii')
[f. the root shdma', to hear]

' j Simcock's (Son).

And Leah . . . bare a son, and said.
Because the Lord hath heard . . .

— Gen., xxix. 32-3.

And }>4 waes &.n man pn Hierusalem,
Jjses nama waes Simedn-

— St. Luke, ii. 25, A.-Sax. vers.

?Sor [there] cam Sat brotSer Symeon. —
I3th-cent. metr. vers. Gen. and Ex., 2266.

SIMES, Sime's (Son) : v. SIme.

SIMEY = Si me (q.v.) + the E. dim. suff. -y.
Bot quhair that Symy levit in synyng.

— Symmie and his Bruder, i^-'

SIM ISTER(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Summary- or Precis-
Writer [M.E. sUmmister, summayster, &c. ;
O.Fr. som, Lat. summa, sum, main point
+ O.Fr. maistre, Lat. magister, master]

(Eng.) Sempstress, Dressmaker [O.E.

siamestre']

SIMKIN = Sim (q.v.) -J- the E. (double) dim.
suff. -kin [O.Low Ger. -fe-j»]

SIMKINS, Simkin's (Son) "1 c:™i,:„
SIMKINSON, Simkin's SpNj '^^ =»""'^'"-

SIMM, like Sim, a dim. of Simon, Simeon,
q.v.

SIMMANCElr„, e:„^„„= „„
SIMMINS )for Simmons, q.v.

SIMMOND I (with the common post -« intrus.
'-d) for Simon, Simeon, q.v.

2 V. Simond''.

SIMMONDS
SIMMONS

I Simmon(d)'s (Son).
SIMMS, SIMM's (Son): v. SImm.

I for Sumner, q.v.

■■ Simonett, q.v.

SIMNER
SIMNOR

SIMNETT
SIMNITT

SIMON I a form of Simeon, q.v. The
Heb. name seems eventually to have be-
come confused with the Gr. nickname
Sim6n (St/idx), 'snub-nosed.'

. . . and his broSru lacob, and Joseph,
and Simon. —

St. Matthew, xiii. 55, A.-Sax. vers.

2 There has been some confusion with
Simond', q.v.

SIMOND I (with the common post -» intrus. -4)
for Simon, Simeon, q.v.

2 for the A.-Sax. Sigemund and O.N.
Sigmund, Domesday Simund = Victori-
ous Protector [O.E. sige — O.N. sigr,
victory-i-O.E.O.N. mund, hand, protector]

Corresponding to the Sigemunt of the
'Nibeliingenlied,'

Simonds

;63

Sitton

V. Sim.

SIWIONDS, SwoND's (Son).

SIMONETT = Simon (q.v.) + the Fr.Aim.-et.

SIIVIONS, Simon's (Son) ) „.
SIIV10NS0N, Simon's Son \ ^- ^""O"-

SIIVIPKIN (with the common post-wj intrus. -p)
for Siml<in, q.v.

SIMPKINS, SiMPKiN's(Son) \ v. Simpkin,
SIMPKINSON, Simpkin'sSon; Simkin.

SIMPLE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) 1 Simple [Fr. simple;

Lat. simplex]
(occ.) 2 for Semple, Sample, q.v.

SIMPSON (with the common post-»j intrus.
■p) for Simson, q.v.

SIMS, Sim's (Son) 1
SIMSON, Sim's Son;

SINCLAIR (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to St. Clair

(several in Normandy) [Fr. clair, Lat.

clar-us, clear, bright, illustrious]

This name was Latinized in mediaeval
deeds de Sancto Claro.

SINCOCK for Simcock, q.v.

SINCOX for Simcox, q.v.

Iindell} ^^"^^ °f Sendall for Sandall, q.v.

SINGLE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Single, Lonely; Pure,

' Simple, Innocent [M.E. and Dial. E.

single, singel, sengel, etc. ; O.Fr. sengle,

single,etc.; Lat. singul-us, single, separate]

SINGLEHURST (Eng.) Bel. to Singlehurst
[the second element is M.E. hurst, O.E.
hyrst, a wood, copse : the first may be
M.E. singeHScaad. sing(e)t)i shingle; M.E.
single, sipgle (cp. the Suss, place-name
Singlecross) ; or the pers. name seen in

Singleton]

SINGLETON (Eng.) Bel. to Singleton (Lanes:
1 2th cent. Singelton, Domesday SzK^fe<«« ;
Sussex : a.d. 1337-8 Singleton) [the first
element seems to be the A.-Sax, pers.
name Sengel, occurring in a charter dated
A.D. 664 in the wood -name Senglesholt,
which has been identified with Singlesole,
Canibs (this charter, 'Cart. Sax.' no. 22,
may not, however, be genuine) ; the pers.
name prob. being conn, with O.E. singal,

constant, persevering: f- O.E. <ji«, farm,

estate, etc.]

SINKING for Simkins, q.v.

SINKINSON for Simkinson, q.v.

SINNETT ■) (A.-Fr.-Lat.) I Love [f.Lat. s/«-aj,
SINNITT 1^ love, affection, bosom ; with the
SINNOTTJ Fr. dim. suff. -ei, -0;]

2 conf. with Sennetti Sk-, q.v.

(occ.) (Eng.) descendants (esp. Sinnott)

of the A.-Sax. pers. name Sigen&S =

Victorious Boldness [O.E. sige, victory

+ nSS, boldness]

SIRE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Lord, Master [A.-Fr. sire,
O.Fr. senre ; Lat. senior, older]

John le Sire. — Hund. Rolls.

SIRED 1 (Teut.) Victorious Counsel
SIRET \ [O. Teut. Sig{e)red,Sigie)rad, &c.—
SI RETT J O.E. sige= O.Sax. O.H.Ger. sigi
= O.N. sig-r, victory 4- O.E. rckd = O.Sax.
rdd = O.H.Ger. rdt = O.N. ra'S, counsel]
Sigered was a common A.-Saxon name,
sometimes found in the shortened form
Sired, the latter being also a frequent
Domesday form. The forms in the 13th-
cent. Hundred-Rolls are Sired, Syred, Syrad.
The fem. pers. names SigrtS [Scand.: 0!N.
sig-r, victory -|- a deriv. of ri^a, to ride]
and Sigrida or Sigreda [Latinized forms of
the A.-Sax. Sigelpry]>—sigg, victory -1- l>ryl>,
strength] have had little or no surnominal
influence.

(A,-Fr.-Lat.) = Sire (q.v.) + the Fr. dim.
suff. -et.

SIRES, (the) Sire's (Son) : v. Sire.

SIRRELL I like Serrell, a var. of Serle, q.v.

2 poss. there has been some confusion

with Cyril, Fr. Cyrille, Gr. Kyrillos (KiptWos)

[f. Gr. Kipios, a lord, master]

SISON 1 (A.-rr.-Lat.) 1 Siss's or Ciss's Son:

SISSON J Ciss, a dim. of Cicdy or Cecilia [Lat.

Ceecilia, fem. of Cacilius; app.f.Lat. ctscus,

blind]

2 a double dim. of Cicely or Cecilia [Fr.
dim. suff. -on']

In theYorks PoU-Tax, a.d. 1379, we find
the variant surnominal forms Sisson,
Cisson, and Cysson,

Larchey, 'Diet, des Noms' (p. 442), con-
siders Sisson to be a derivative of Francis,
which does not seem very probable.

SISSERSON for Sister>son,q.v.

SISSISSON for Sissotson, q.v.

SISSONS, Sisson's (Son) : v. Sisson'.

SISSOT = Siss or CiSs (v. under Sis(s)on)-f-
the Fr. di;m. suff. -ot.

SISSOTSON, Sissot's Son.

SISTERSON (Eng.) Sister's or Nun's Son:

[M.E. systeTi O.E. sweostor, sister, nun +

M.E. sone, O.E. sunu, son]

There seems to have been confusion
with Sissotson, q.v.

SITTQN, a weak form of Seaton, q.v.

Sivewright

164

Skelton

SIVEWRIGHT = Sievewr-ight, q.v.
SIVIER I (Eng.) I Sieve-Maker.
SIVYER J ^Qgg ) 2 (Grain-) Sifter [M.E. siviere,
etc. ; f. M.E. sive, O.E sife, a sieve]
Ralph le Siviere. — Hjind. Rolls.

SIVIERS ■) (the) Sivier's or Sivyer's (Son) :
SIVYERSJ V. Sivier, &c.

SIWARD (Teut.) i Victorious Guard or
Protector [O.Teut. Sigew(e)ard, Sig{i)-
ward, SigurS-r, &c. : O.E. sige — O.Sax.
O.H.Ger. sigi = O.N. sig-r = Goth, sigi-s,
victory -|- O.E. w{e)ard = O.Sax. ward =
O.H.Ger. wart = O.N. vorS-r = Goth.
wardia, ward, guard, etc.]

Eadulf, Earl of Northumbria, a relation
of Harthacnut, had been received by him
virith feigned friendship, and was at his
command murdered by Siward (Sigeweard),
on whom that powerful earldom was after-
wards bestowed.—

Lapp.-Thorpe, A.-Sax. Kings, ii. 279.

2 conf. with Seaward, q.v.

SIXSMITH (Eng.) Sickle-Smith [O.E. sicol+

John Sykelsmith. — Cal. Ing. P.M.

SIZER(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Assizer, Juror; Sizar

[f. O.Fr. assise, a judicial assembly, a tax,

etc. ; Lat. assidere, to sit by]

As sisours [var. sysoiirs^ and somonours

Sherreves and hire [their] clerkes.-^

Piers Plowman, 998-99.

SKAE (Celt.) Dweller by a Whitethorn-Tree
[Gael, sgeach = Ir. sceacK\

SKAIFE = Sca(i)fe, q.v.

In the 14th century this name is found
in Yorkshire as Skayf (also 13th cent.),
Scayf, Scayff, Scaif.

SKANE, a var. of Skene, q.v.

SKEAT 1 (Scand. and N. and East. Eng.)
SKEATE I Swift, Quick [M.E. 5teJ(e, ifeef,
SKEET J O.N. sMot-r = O.E. scioi\

Sket is the usual i3th-cent. East-Anglian
form (as 'John Sket,' Norf.) ; and Skete
occurs in Yorkshire in the 14th cent.

Sket cam tiding in-til Ubbe

That Havelok havede with a clubbe . . .
— Lay of Havelok the Dane, 1926-7.

In the glossary to 'Havelok' (ed. 1902)
s.v. sket, the late Prof. Skeat says : "Cp.
Icel. skjott, quickly, from skjBtr, quick, swift.
The adj. is still preserved in the surname
Skeat or Skeet."

(occ.) 2 Shooter, Archer [O.N. skyii
= 0.E. scytta]

SKEATS, Skeat's (Son) : v. Skeat.

SKEAVINGTON, v. Skefflngtjn.

SKEEL 1 (Teut.) Crooked, Awry, Squinting

SKELE J [O.N. skialg-r = O.E. sceolh = Dut.

(and Ger.) scheet]

IkEElP } Skeel's (Son): v. Skeel.
SKEEN = Skene, q.v.
SKEET = Skeat, q.v,

SKEFFINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Skeffington

gvcic), 13th cent. Skeftinton, Scheftinton,
. Angl. *Sce(ajftinga-tun= the Estate of
the Sce(a)ft- Family [0.(East.)E.jc^(a)/f
( = Scand. skaft), a shaft, spear 4- -inga,
genit. pi. of the fil. suS. -ing + tun, estate,

farm, etc.]

This name has evid. been influenced
by the var. skepti (/> as/) of O.N. skapt, 'a
shaft,' 'spear.'

SKEGG (Scand.) Rough - Haired, Shaggy
[the O.N. skegg, a beard (= O.E. sceaggw,
nair), gave rise to the pers. names Skegg-r

and Skeggi]
Richard Skegge. —

Chesh. ChmbrlnsWAccts., A.D. 1303-4.

SKEGGS, Skegg's (Son): v. Skegg.

SKELBECK (Scand.) Dweller at the Crooked

Brook [O.N. skialg-r (= O.E. scMh)

crooked -|- bekk-r, a brook]

SKELDING, a form of Scolding, q.v.

But the second element of the Yorks
place-name Skelding may be the O.N. eng,
a meadow.

SKELETON, a corrupt form of Skelton, q.v.

SKELLAN l (Celt.) Shield [Ir. Sce{a)llan,i.
SKELLON 1 sceall, a shield -f the dim. suif.

-an']

SKELLAND (Scand. or N.Eng.) Dweller at the

Crooked (Piece of) Land [O.N. skialg-r

= O.E. scMk, crooked -|- land]

(Celt.) for Skellan, q.v.

SKELLHORN "I (Scand. orN.Eng.) Dweller at

SKELLORN J (app.) the Crooked Horn

f-shaped piece of land) [O.N. skialg-r =

O.E. scMh, crooked -)-Aor«, a horn, corner]

SKELLY (Celt.) St^ry-Teller, Historian

\\x. Scialaidhe (=Ga.e\. sgeulaiche), i. sc^al

(also sc^ul), O.Ir. sc^l, a story, tale -|- the

pers. suff. -aidhe]

There seems to have been some con-
fusion with Scully, q.v.

SKELTON (Eng.) Bel. to Skelton— a Northern
(guttural) form of Shelton, q.v.

Two of the Yorks places were Scheltun
and Scheltone in Domesday-Book,

Skene

165

Skrymsher

SKENE (Celt.) i Bel. to Skene (Aberdeen)
[The place is prob. named from Loch
Skene, as there is also a Loch Skene in
Dumfriesshire (as well as a Lough Skean
in Ireland); and as several lochs are narned
from the colour of their water the connex-
ion maybe with Gael. sgean(n, cleanliness,
brightness, app. cognate with O.Norse
skina = E. 'shine']

2 Squint-Eyed; Wild-Eyed [f. Gael.
sgean, n., a squint, v. 'to look awry' = Ir.
sgean, 'a wild or mad look' (M.Ir. seen,

affright]'
SKEPPER = Skipper, q.v.

SKERRY (Scand.) Dweller at a Rocky Isle
[O.N. sker, a rock + ey, an isle]

SKETCH LEY (? Scand. + Eng.) Bel. to
Sketchley (Leic), form. Skechley [the first
element is app. a partly^ palatalized form
of the O.N. pers. name Skakk-r = crooked
(cp. the A.-Sax. pers. name SccBccd): — -t-
M.E. ley, O.E. ledh, meadow]
But early forms are desirable.

SKETT = Skeat, q.v.

SKEVINGTON = Skefflngton, q.v.

SKEY (Celt.) = Skae, q.v.

(Scand.) Dweller at a Promontory

[O.N. skagi\

SKID BY (Scand.) Bel. to Skidby (E. Yorks),

Domesday Sckitebi = Skyti's Estate

[O.N. skytt (geriit. skyta), shooter, archer

( = 0.E. scytta) + O.N. bS-r, estate, farm,

etc.]

SKIDMORE (Scand.) Bel. to Skidmoor, a.d
1319 Skydemor [the first element is prob.
that seen in Skidby -|- O.N. mdr, a moor,

heath]

SKIFFINGTON ;= Skefflngton, q.v.

We may compare the Leic. skip as a
var. oiskep, 'basket', &c. (' Leic. Gloss.'p.
241.)

SK I FTLI N G (Scand.) Changeling [a var. (with

the dim. suff. -/) of the Dan.-Norw. ski/ting,

a changeling ; f. siifte, O.N. skipta, to shift,

change, etc.]

This name occurs in the Yorks PoU-
Tax A.D. 1379 as Skyftlyng and Skyffilyng.

SKILBECK = Skelbeck, q.v.

lKlLLEN}^^'^-°^SkeIlan,q.v.

SKILLICORN

\ (Manx), early -1 6th -cent.
SKILLICORNE I Skylycorne, Shillicorne, "a
name peculiar to the Isle of Man, is
puzzling : it is most prob. derived from a
local name, nowforgottfen, beginning with
the word sMUsi 'rock' [cp. Ir. scillec,

'splinter of a stone']: we have Skellig and
Cornaa separately among our local names,
but not in combination." — Moore, Manx
Names, p. 58.

SKILLING,aNorth.orScand. form of Shilling,

q.v. [cp. Dan.-Norw. skilling, a halfpenny,

Swed. skilling, a farthing; f. O.N. skilling-r,

m., (i) pi. money, (2) Shilling (the borrowed

Gael, sgillinn = penny]

SKILLMAN (A.-Scand.), found in the Eastern
counties in the 13th cent, as Skileman,
Skyleman, is evid. an Anglicized fbrm of
the O.N. skila-maiS-r, 'trustworthy man'.
[O.N. skil (genit. pi. skila)i discernment,
knowledge, reason, etc; (E. skill) + ma'S-i;

man]

SKILTON = Skelton,q.v.

SKINNER (A.-Scand.) Flayer (of Hides);
HiDE-DEAtER ; Tanner [M.E. skynner{e,
O.N. skinnari ; f. O.N. skinn, skin, fur]
Robert le Skynnere. —

Pari. Writs, A.D. 1302.

SKIPP : the guttural form of Shipp, q.v. [O.N.
skip=T)xA. schip (pron. almost skip), a ship]

SKIPPER (Low Teut.) Shipmaster; orig.
Sailor [M.E. skipper{e, Dan.-Norw- skipper
= Swed. skeppare, shipmaster — O.N.
skipari, sailor, seaman ; also Dut. schipper
(pron. almost skipper), captain, master,

boatman]
Cp. Shipper.

SKIPTON, a Northern form of Shipton, q.v.
[O.N.E. sdp, sheep]

The two Yorkshire Skiptons were resp.
Scipton and Schipetune in Domesday-Book.

SKIPWITH (Teut.) Bel. to Skipwith (Yorks)

[M.N.E. skip, O.N.E. sclp, sheep + -with,

O.N. uiS-r, a wood]

Will'us Skipwith.—

Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1377-8.

But the second element seems to have

changed since the nth cent., as the

Domesday form (twice) was Schipewic

[O.E. wic, a place]

SKIPWORTH for Skipwith, q.v.

SKIRBECK (Scand.) Dweller at the Clear
Brook \0M. skirr, cleax-\-bekk-r, a brook]

SKIRLAUGH (Scand.) Dweller at the Clear
Brook [O.N. skirr, clear -|- loik-r, a brook]

SKIRMISHER] (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Fighter, Fen-
SKRIMSHIRE I CER, Instructor - IN - Arms
SKRYMSHER J [M.E. skrymsher, skirmisour,

etc.; O.Fr. eskermisor, fencer (cp. Fr.

escarmoucheur, skirmisher) ; O.H.Ger.
Sherman, scirmen, to defend, fight]

Skirrow

t66

Sleddall

SKIRROW (Scand.) Dweller at the Sheer or

Bright Hill or Bluff [O.N. sMrr, sheer,

bright + haug-r, a how, hill]

A Skyrhow occurs ia the' Yorks PoU-
Tax A.D. 1379.

SKITT, a weak form of Skeat, q.v.

SKOTT = Scott, q.v.

SKOTTOW(E (Scand.) Bel. to Scottow (Norf.),

14th cent. Skothow, 1 3th cent. Scothowe [O.N.

haug-r, a hill, mound : the first elenient

is rather a pers. name than O.N. skot, a

shooting, shot]

SK0ULDIN6 = Scolding, q.v.

SKUDDER (Teut.), formerly (1604) Shifter, is
doubtless the Dut. schutter \scH- almost
as sk-), 'a shooter', 'marksman', 'archer' :
if the orig. form were really 'Skudder' it
would represent the Dut. schudder, 'a
shaker', f. schudden, 'to shake'.

SKULL (Scand.) the Norse Skule: v. under
Sculthorpe.

This name occurs in the Line. Hundred-
Rolls (A.D. 1274) as Scowle.

SKURRAY\(Celt.) for the Ir. O'Scuiridh =

SKURRY J Grandson of Scor(a)idh {dh

mute), i.e. a Champion [Ir. scor, champion,

etc. + the pers. suff. a)idh\

(Scand.) = Scupp (q.v.) + the E. dim.
sufif. -y.

SKYNER
SKYNNER

I = Skinnep, q.v.

Will'us le Skynner.—

Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1343.

SLACK (Eng. and Scand.) Slow, Lazv [O.E.
slcBc = d.N. slak-r\

(Scand.) Dweller at a Hill-Cleft or
Valley [cp. O.N. slakki, a slope]

Johannes del Slak'. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

SLADE (Eng.) Dweller at a Valley or Dell
\M.E. slade, O.^. slced\

John atte Slade.— CZose Rolls, A.D. 1346.

For he [Little John] found tow of his owne

fellowes
Were slaine both in a slade, —
'Robin Hood and Guy of Gisborne,' 55-6;
Percy's Reliques.

...down through the deeper slades. —

Drayton, PolyoMon, xiv. 290.

SLADEN (Eng.) Bel. to Sladen; or Dweller at

the Sloe- Valley [O.E. sld (obi. and pi.

sldn), sloe + denu, valley]

Quenilda de Slaneden. —

Lane. Assine-Rolls, A.D. 1246.

Johannes Sladen. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

SLAGG, a voiced form of Slack, q.v.

Cp. Gael, slag, 'a hollow' (Lewis), from
Scand.

SLAPE (Eng.) Dweller at'a Slope [M.E. and

Dial. E. slape ; I. a var. (*sUpan) of O.E.

> sMpan (pp. slopen), to slip]

Randulph atte Slape. — - '

Soms. Subs.-RoU, A.D. 1327.

(Scand.) Crafty, Sly [O.N. sleip-r,
slippery, etc.]

SLATE, a var. of Slett, q.v.

SLATER
SLATTE

«}'•

Sclatep.

SLATTERY (Celt.) i Straight, Tall [Ir.

slatarrd\

2 Strong, Robust

[Ir. slatra]

SLAUGHTER (Eng.) i for Slaughterer;
Butcher [f. M.E. slaught, O.E. sleaht,

slaughter]

Cp. Ger. schldchter, 'slaughterer'.

2 Bel. to Slaughter (Glouc), 14th cent.
Sloghtre, 13th cent. Sloutre = the Sloe-
Tree [O.E. sld(k,s\oe + triow (M.E. tre),

tree]

iLAVrN* } = ^'^^®"' ^'^^'"' I'-

SLAY, a var. of Sly, q.v. [M.E. sleh, etc : cp.
O.N. slcBg-r, sloeg-r, cunning]

SLAYMAKER (Eng.), Weaver's Reed or
Shuttle Maker [M.E. slaymaker; f. O.E.
sled, a weaver's reed, and macian, to make]

SLAYMAN (Eng.) i Weaver's Reed or

Shuttle Maker [M.E. slay, O.E. sled, a

weaver's reed]

2 a var. of Slyman, q.v.
SLAYTER = Slatep, Sclatep, q.v.

SLAYWRIGHT (Eng.) Weaver's Reed or
Shuttle Maker [M.E. slaywright, sla-
wryghte; O.E.sled, a weaver's leed+wyrhta,

a maker]

SLEAP (Eng.) Bel. to Sleap (Salop: 13th cent.

Slepe); or Dweller at the Slip or Slope [f.

O.E. slipan (pt. sing. sUap), to slip]

Cp. Sleep.

SLEATH (Eng. and Scand.) Cruel, Fierce,
Severe [O.E. slKe = O.N. sKS-r]

SLEDDALL (Scand.) Bel. to Sleddale
(Westmld.), i6th cent. Sleddall, 13th cent.
Sleddal [O.N. dal-^, a valley : the first
element is .app. O.N. sUtt-r, flat, smooth,

evenj

Slee

167

Slowe

SLEE, a N.E. and Scot, form of Sly, q.v.
But little did her auld minny ken
What thir [O.N. \ieir, they] slee twa
togither were sayn.-^-

The Gaherlunyie Man, 14-15.

SLEEMAN \ I = Slee (q.v.) + man.
SLEMAN J (rarely) 2 a var. of Slayman',
q.v.

SLEEP (Eng.) Bel. to Sleep (Herts); or Dwel-
ler at the Sup or Slope [v. under Sleap]

SLEEPER, V. Slipper^

SLEET = Slight, q.v.

SLEIGH = Sly, q.v.

This clerk was clepedhende Nicholas ...

And ther-to he was sleigh and ful privee.—

Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 3199, 3201.

SLEIGHT = Slight, q.v.

SLEITH = Sleath, q.v.

SLEMMAN \ _ Qi„^o„ n„
SLEMMON 1 = Sleeman, q.v.

SLETT(Scand.) Dweller at a Plain or Level
Field [O.N. sUttd\

SLEVEN ) (Celt.) for the Ir. O'Sleibhin = De-

SLEVIN J SCENDANT OF Sliabhin [Ir. d or ua,

grandson, descendant ; sMibh, genit. pf

sliabh, m., mountain -f- the dim. suff. -in\

SLICK (Eng. and Scand.) Sleek, Smooth ;
Cunning [M.E. sli{c)ke, O.E. slic = O.N.

slik-r'\

SLIGHT (Teut.) Simple, Plain, Honest;
Slender [M.E. slight, plain, smooth,
simple: O.L.Ger. slight^ even, plain, simple:
cp. Dut. slecht (earlier slicht), simple, plain,
base; W.Fris. sliuchi (O.Fris. sliuht),
smooth, simple ; Goth, slaiht-s, smooth,
etc. ; Ger. schlicht (O.H.Ger. sleht), .plain,
straightforward, smooth, simple; and O.N.
slett-r, plain, flat, smooth]

SLIIVI(M)ON 1

SLIMMOND \ for Sleeman, q.v.

SLIMOND )

SLING (Scand.) Clever, Dexterous, Expert

[O.N. slyng-r\

SLINGER (Scand.) the M.N.E. (Yorks,, 14th

cent.) Slenger, Slynger [f. O.N- slyngua,

slongua, to sling ; whence Dah.-Norw.

slynge = Swed. slunga, to sling, and Swed.

slungare, slinger]

SLINGSBY (Scand.) BeL to Slingsby (Yorks),

r4th cent. Slyngeshy, Domesday Selungesbi

.=■ Slyng's Farm or Estate [v. under

Sling, and -I- O.N. 6ji-r, farmstead, etc.]

SLIPPER (Eng.) Short for Sword-Slipper, i.e.
Sup- or Scabbard - Maker [f. M.Q.

slip(p)en, to slip ; f. a var. of O.E. sUpan,
to slip, glide]

(Scand.) Grinder, Whetter, Polisher

[p.N.sUpari, whence Dan.-Norw. sliber,

Swed. slipare {slipa, to sharpen, etc.); and

cp. Dut. slijper, grinder, etc.]

Brand quotes two i6);h-cent. Newcastle
instances of the trade-name sword-slipper,
and Halliwell a 17th - cent. Hexham
example of sword-sliper. It is really doubt-
ful whether the 14th - cent. Yorkshire
occupative surnames Swerdslyper and
Swerdsliper belong to 1 or 2.

Cp. Sleeper.

SLOAN "1 (Celt.) Soldier, Warrior [Ir.

SLOAN E J Sluaghan,Sluaghadhan(ia.ter,ns}iz\\y

in the genit. with the 'son' prefix, as

MacSluaghadhain); f. Ir. sluagh, army, host,

with (in the case of the second form) the

suff. -adh + the dim. suff. ■dn\

Cp. Sloyan.

5f-2S2!l^r, \ (Eng.) I Bel. to Slocombe ; or
SLOCOMB Dweller at the SLOE(-tree)i
SLOCOMBE 1 Valley or Hollow [O.^.sld

IlSoumb + --* (^- *^« C^"-)- -i\7^

SLOKAM ; J

A Slacomb occurs in a Somerset charter
a.d. 942 : 'Cart. Sax.' no. 776 ; and Slo-
eombe is mentioned in a Devonshire 'Inq.
ad q. Damn.' a.d. 1316-7.

2 for Slow-Come, a nickname for a

Sluggard [O.E. sldw, slow ; cuman (pret.

sing. c6m), to come]

SLOLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Sloley (Norf. ; 13th
cent. S/tfZe>'^) = the SLOE(-tree)-LEA [O.E.

sld + ledhl
SLOMAN 1„
SLOMONJ •

. Slowman.

SLOPER (Eng. and Scand.) Slop-Maker or
-Dealer [M.E. slop(p)e, an outer garment
(easily slipped on), O.E. o{ei-sl6p, a sur-
plice, O.N. slopp-r, a loose gown, surplice;
f. O.E. slApan, to slip, p.p. slopen — O.N.
sleppa, p.p. sloppinn]
Agatha le Slopere.— H^M«rf. Rolls.

SLOTT (Low Teut.) Dweller at a Castle or
Stronghold [M.E. slot, Dut. slot (= Ger.
scA/oM, a lock, castle) ; f. Dut. sluiten, to

shut, lock]
Walter de la Slot.— Hund. Rolls.

SLOW "1 (Eng.) I Dweller at the Slough or
SLOWE ; Bog [O.E. sUli]

The entry in the Bucks Hundred-Rolls
(a.d. 1274), 'Stephen de la Slou', evid.
refers to Slough.

Now is my cart out of the slow, pardee !
—•Chaucer, CtmU Tales, D 1565.

Slowley

168

Smeed

With conquering ploughs
He furrows up cold Strymon's slymie

slows. —
Sylvester, The Colonies {a-.d. i6ii), 223.

2 Sluggardly, Lazy [O.E. sldwl

The antithesis of Snell, q.v.

ll:8;:i:nf-sio.ey.q.v.

SLOWMAN = Slow (q.v.) + E. man.

SLOYAN "1 (Celt.) = Sloan, q.v. But (unlike
SLOYNE J Sloan) Sloyan, Sloyne, seem to be
descended from forms with the 'grandson'
prefix, as O'Sluaghain (with the dim. suff.
-dn genit. inflected), O'Sluaighin (with the
stem genit. infl. and with the dim. suff.
-i«),etc.

SLY ^(A.-Scand.) Cunning, Skilful, Art-
SLYE J FUL [M.E. sly, sligh, sle{i)h, etc. ; O.N.

slag-r, slceg-r\
Cp. Slee.

SLYMAN I = Sly (q.v.) + E. man.
2 conf. with SlaymanS q.v.

SMAIL "I forms (usually North.) of Small,
SMALE J q.v.

Henry le Smale, A.D. 1277-8.—

Vale Royal Ledger-Bk.

SMAITHWAITE (Scand.) Bel. to Smaithwaite
(nr. Keswick) ; or Dweller at the Small
Clearing [O.N. smd-r + ^ueit\

SMALEMAN = Smallman, q.v.
Cp. Small, Smale.

SMALL (Eng.) Litile, Slender [M.E. smal(le,

stnaill, etc., O.E. smcel (= O.Sax. O.H.Ger.

and Scand. smal\

This name has been used as the Eng.
equivalent of the Irish Keelty (O'Caoiltigh)
[f. Ir. caol, small].

SMALLBONE 1 (Eng.) the second element

SMALLBONES J of these nicknames (i6th

cent. Smalbone) may refer to 'leg(s' rather

than 'bone(s' proper [O.E. hdn, bone, leg

= O.N. and Ger. bein, bone, leg]

SMALLCOMBE (Eng.) Bel. to Smallcombe

(Soms.: 14th cent. Smalecome); or Dweller

at the Small Valley [v. Small and

Combe]

SMALLEY (Eng. ; Eng. and Scand.) Bel. to

Smalley; or Dweller at 1 the Small Lea

[O.E. smcel + ledh]

2 the Small Hey or Hay (Enclosure

or Pasture) [M.E. smaKJe, O.E. smcil =

Scand. smal, small-|- M.E. hey, hay, hagh{e,

O.E. ge)hcBg, haga = O.N. hagi, enclosure,

pasture, etc.]

Alicia Smalhaghe. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

SMALLMAN (Eng.) Little or SLENbER Man
[v. Small, and + man]

SMAL(L)PAGE (Eng.) Little or Slender
Page [v. Small and Page]

SMALLPIECE (E. + Fr.) Dweller at a Small
Field or Enclosure [v. under Small, and
+ Dial. E. piece, a piece of land, enclosure
or field — M.E. pece, O.Fr. piece ; of Celt.

orig.]

SMALLSHANKS (Eng.) Little or Slender

Legs [v. Small, and + the pi. of M.E.

shankie, O.E. scanca, a shank, leg]

SMALLSHAW (Eng.) Dweller at the Little

or Narrow Wood [v. under Small, and

+ O.E. scaga, a wood]

SMALLTHWAITE (Scand.) Dweller at the
Narrow Clearing [O.N. smal-r + ]'ueii]

SMART "I (Eng.) Quick, Sharp [M.E.
SMARTT J smart{e,smert{e,shaTp, quick, pain-
ful ; O.E. smeari]

SMEATH (Eng.) i Smooth, Polished, Suave
[M.E. smeth{e, O.E. smdj-e]
Philip le Smethe.-^iy«Krf. Rolls.

2 Dweller at a Plain or Level Field
[same etym.]
(occ.) 3 for Smith, q.v.

Cp. Smeeth.

SMEATHAM = Smetham, q.v.

SMEATHMAN = Smeath (q.v.) -|- man.

SM EATON (Eng.) Bel. to Smeaton (Yorks"),
Smeeton (Leic), &c. = i the Smooth or
Ft AT Enclosure [O.E. sme]>e + tun\

2 the Smith's or Smiths' Place [O.E.

smi^, genit. pi. smPfa -f tlin\

3 the Small Enclosure or Farm [v.

Smee]
One of the Yorkshire Smeatons was
Smt\'atAn in the loth cent. ('Cart. Sax.'
no.i2S5.) In Domesday-Book, Gt. Smeaton
(Yorks) was Smidetune and Smidetone;
Little Smeaton (Yorks), Smidetune and
Smedetone ; > Kirk Smeaton (Yorks),
Smedeton(e ; Smeeton (Leic), Smitone.

SM EDLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Smedley (Lanes), a.d.

1505 Smetheley = the Smooth or Flat Lea

[O.E. sme^e + ledh]

SMEE (Teut.) i Small [cp. V>vitsmi- and Fris.

sme- (as in Dut. smient, Fris. smM, lit.

'small duck', smew) = Dan.-Norw. smaa,

O.N. smd-r = O.H.Ger. smdhi, small]

(rarely) 2 an apocopated form of
Smeath, q.v.

SMEED = Smeeth, Smeath, q.v.

Smeeth

169

Smitton

SMEETH = Smeath, q.v.

The Kentish parish Smeeth was Smethe
in the 13th cent.

SMEETON, V. Smeaton.

SMELLIE, a var. of Smalley, q.v. [(;p. W.Fris.
smel, small, narrow]

SMELT (Eng.) Gentle, Sdn, Mild [O.E.

smeoli\
William Smelt.— ifuwrf. Rolls.

\ (Eng.) Bel. to Smerden (Kent)
J [O.E. denu, a valley : the first

SMETHEM

SMERDEN

SMERDON . .

element seems to be the O.E. sme{o)ro, fat,
grease, and may be from the plant-name

smerwort]

r^ "I (Eng.) Dweller at i the Smooth
1 J or Level Enclosure [O.E.
sm^e, smooth, etc. -f- ham{m, enclosure,
piece of land]

2 the Smith's Enclosure [O.E. smi'f,
, smith]

SMETHICK for Smethwiok.

SMETHURST (Eng.) Dweller at i the Wood

on the Smeeth or Plain [v. under Smeeth,

Smeath', and + O.E. hyrst, a wood]

2 the Smith's Wood [O.E. smi^, smith]

SMETHWICK (Eng.) Bel. to Smethwick; or

Dweller at i the Village on the Smeeth

or Plain [v. under Smeeth, Smeath',

and + O.E. wic, dwelling(s]

2 the Smith's Place [O.E. smiJf, smith]

The Staffordshire Smethwick was
Smedewich (d for th, ch as k) in Domesday-
Book : it "lies on a plain at the foot of the
Rowley Hills."

The Cheshire Smelhwick was Smethewik
A.D. 1431-2.

SMILTER (Teut.) SMELTER[f. M.Dut. smilten,
Dut. smelten = Dan.-Norw. smelte, Swed.
smdlta, to smelt ; with the agent, suff. -er\

SMIRTHWAITE, v. Smurthwaite.

SMISBY (Scand.) Bel. to Smisby (Derby),

earlier Smithesby = the Smith's Place

[the genit. of O.N. smiS-r + b;f-r]

SMITH (Eng. and Scand.) i Worker with

the Hammer [O.E. smi} or smi^ = O.N.

smiS-r (=Goth. smi^a\

Se Smi^ secg]j: Hwanon J>a.m yrflinge
sylan-scear ojj|;e culter, fie n& gade haefj>,
baton of crsefte minon? Hwanon flscere
ancgel, ofl'e sce6-wyrhtan cfel, ojjfie s6a-
mere ncfedl, nis hit of minon geweotce ?

(The Smith saith : Whence the plough-
man [his] ploughshare or coulter, who no
goad hatn, without my craft? Whence

the fisherman [his] hook, or the shoe-
maker [his] awl, or the tailor [his] needle,
unless through my work ?)

Ic hsebbe smi^as, isene-smijias, gold-
smij), seolfor-smij;, cfer-smi]?, tr6ow-Wyrht-
an, and manega 6fire mistlicra cr3efta
bigengeras.

(I have smiths, iron-smiths (black-
smiths), goldsmith, silversmith, brass-
smith, carpenter(s, and many other
tradesmen of various crafts,) —

JElfrici Colloquium, loth cent.

Many Celtic Cairds and Gows, Gowans,
and MacGowans, and many German
Schmidts, have translated themselves into
English Smiths.

(occ.) 2 for Smeeth, Smeath, q.v.

Cp. Smyth(e.

SMITHAM 1 (Eng.) i Dweller at the Smith's

SMITHEM J Enclosure [O.E. switS + ham{m

enclosure, piece of land, dwelling]

2 for Smetham", q.v.

SMITH EM AN \ (Eng.) Smith's Man [v.
SMITHMAN J Smith, and -)- E. OTa«]

Smytheman and Smythmati are the forms
in the Yorks PoU-Tax, a.d. 1379.

SMITHER = Smith (q.v.) -f- the agent, suff.

-er [cp. Dut. smeder, 'forger' ; also O.H.

Ger. smeidar, ' artifex ']

SMITHERMAN (Eng.) Smither's Man [v.
Smithep, and -|- E. man]

SMITHERS (Eng.) i Smither's (Son): v.
Smither.
2 conf. with Smithurst, q.v.

SMITHETT, a corrupt form of iSmaithwaite,

q-v.

2 Smipthwalte, Smurthwaite, q.v.

SMITHIES 1 (Eng.) Dweller or Worker at
SMITHYESJ the Smithies [O.E. smiSSe,

smithy]

SMITHSON, Smith's Son : v. Smith.

SMITHURST (Eng.) i Dweller at the Smith's
Wood [O.E. smi^ + hyrst, a wood]

2 for Smethupst', q.v.

Lawrence Smythurst and Henry Smyth-
urst (of Lomax, Bury).—

Lattc- Fines, A.D. 1546.

SMITHWAITE 1 for Smaithwaite, q.v.

2 for Smirthwaite, Smurthwaite, q.v.

SMITHWICK (Eng.) i Dweller at the Smith's
Place [O.E. smiti + wic]

2 for SmethwIckS q.v.
SMITTON, v, Smeaton,

Smocker

170

Snell

SMOCKER 1 (Eng.) Smock- Maker or

SM0(0)KER; -Dealer [M.E. smoher, etc.;

f. M.E. smok, O.E. smocic = O.N. smokk-r]

SMOLLETT (Eng.) Small-Head [O.E. smal

+ hedfod]

SMORFITT (Teut.) This is hardly lilcely to be
a corrupt form of Smurthwaite. In names,
a second (unstressed) element -Jit(t usually
represents -foot; and, in fact, Bardsley
mentions the surname 5mM;/oote as occurr-
ing in a i7th-cent. London register. But
it is not very probable that the first
element here is the O.N. smior (Dan.-
NoTw.smor), 'butter'; and possibly it is
(with intrus. -r) for O.N. smd-r (Dan.-
Norw. smaa, pron. stnaw), ' small.'

SMORTHIT, for Smor^hwaite, Smur-
thwaite, q.v.

SMORTHWAITEl (Scand.) Bel. to Smor-

SMURTHWAITEJ thwaite or Smurthwaite

[The second element is the O.N. ^ueit, a

clearing : if the first element is the O.N.

smior = Dan.-Norw. smor, butter (cp. the

Yorks place-name Butterthwaite), it must

rather be the flower-name (cp. Dan.-Norw.

smorblomst, buttercup) ; the possibility,

however, of the first element being for O.N.

smd-r = Dan.-Norw. smaa (pron. smaw),

small, must be considered ; but cp.

Smaithwaite]

SMYE, a var. of Smee, q.v.

SMYTH
SMYTHE I

William le Smyth. —

Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.
W: Srhythe et alii. —

Cal. Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1315-16.

Wher {"is is not a smy^, Jie sone of
Marie . . . ?— 5f. Mark, vi. 3 : Wycliffe.

Hys Sworde upon the schireff hed
Sertanly he brake in too :
'The smyth that the made', seid Robyn,
'I pray God wyrke him woo'.—

Rohvn Hode and the Munke, 1 13-16.

SMYTHERS = Smithers, q.v.

SMYTHSON, Smyth's Son :
Smith.

. I M.E. forms of Smith, q.v.

V. Smyth,

SNAILHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Snailham(Suss.) =

(prob.) the Snail-Land [O.E. snegl, sncegl

+ ham(tn, a piece of land]

SNAILWELL(Eng.) Bel. to SnailweU (Camb.),

A.D. 1336 Sneilwelle = the Snail-Spring

[O.E. snegl, sncegl + w(i)ella\

SNAITH (Scand.) Bel. to Snaith (Yorks : 14th

cent. Snayth) — the Cut-off Piece of

Land ; or Clearing [O.N. s««tS (f. snf&a,

to cut) = O.E' i«(6rf]

Cp. Snead, Sneath.

SNAPE (Eng.) Bel. to Snape ; or Dweller at
the Snipped (i.e. Cut-off) Piece of Land
[M.E. snaype, snap{e, O.E. *sndp, snckp
('Cart. Sax', no. 1124), f. O.E. *snipan, to
snip = Dut. and Fris. snippen, to cut into
small pieces: cp. Dial. E. sneap, to nip,
etc., and E.Fris. smp(pe, a small piece of

land]

Henry de la Snape.— fl«»rf. Rolls (Suss.)

Snape, Suff., was Snape a.d. 1310-11 ;
Snape, Yorks, was Snaype in the 14th
cent.; Snape, Lanes, Snape in the 14th
and ijth cent., but we find an 'Alan del
Snap' in a Lane. Inq. ad q. Damn. a.d.
"323-

SNARR (Scand.) Quick, Swift; Bold [O.N.

s?mrr. (Dan.-Norw. snar] ,
SNAYLAM = Snallham, q.v.-

SNAZEL ] (Eng.) Bel. to Snazell, app. the

SNAZELL V Sneleshall mentioned in the

SNAZLE J Charter-Rolls for Bucks a.d.

1226-7 = Snel's Hall [y. under Snell,

and + O.E. h{e)all, a hall]

This is more likely than a connexion
with the Glouc. place-name .Snowshill,
a.d. 1318-19 SnosehuU.

SNEAD 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Snead or Sneath

SNEED \ = the Cut-off Piece of Land;

SNEATH I or Clearing [O.E. sndsd (=0.N.

sttei^ ; f. sntSan, to cut]

Snead, Montgora., was Snethe a.d.

1226-7; Snead, Wore, was Snede a.d.

1328-9, as was the Staff. Sneyd in 1410.

Cp. Snaith.

SNEE, the Scand. form of Snow, q.v. [Dan.-
, Norw. sne(e, O.N. snee-r, snow]

SN EESAM 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Snettisham (Norf.),

SNEEZUM I 13th cent. Snetisham, Snetesham,

= Snet's Home [the pers. name (in the

genit.) is f. a variant of O.E. snytrian, to

be wise : 1- O.E. hdm, home, estate]

SNELGROVE (Eng.) Dweller at a Snail-
Grove [O.E. sne(g)l + grdf]
SNELL (Eng.) Quick, Active, Agile ; earlier
also Bold, Brave [O.E. snel(l = O.Sax.
O.H.Ger. . snel(l (mod. schnell) = Dut.

snel]
. . . se snella sunu Wonredes
(. . . the agile son of Wonred). —

Beowulf, S934-S.
M& sendon t6 J)6, scfemen snelle.—
The Battle of Maldon (A.I).gg3),n. 56-7 (29).
Sythyne wente into Wales with his
wyes [men] ^lle, Sweysinto Swaldye with
his snelle houndes, for to hunt at the
hartes in thas hye laundes. —

Morte Arthure (E.E.T.S.), 11. 56-8
S^A.—Hund. Rolls.
William Snell. — do^

Snell^ove

171

5oare

SNEULGROVE = Snelgnove, q.v.

SMELLING (Eng.)the A.-Sax. Sneling, Snellirtg
(Domesday Snelling) = Snel(l)'s Son
[v. under Snell, and + the O.E. fil. suft.

-ing\
Snelling TuUinges sunu. —
I ith-cent. Manum.; Thorpe, Dipl. Angl, p. 633.

SNELSOn (Eng.) i Snel's Son : v. Snell.

2 Bel. to (a) Snelson (Chesh.), 14th
cent. Snelleston, Domesday Senelestune =
Snel(l)'s Estate [v. under Snell, and +

O.E. <M«]

(6) Snelston (Derby) [same etym.]

SNEYD (Eng.) Bel. to Sneyd (Staffs) =
Snead, q.v.

SNIBSON "I (Teut.) Bel. to Snibstop (Leic.)
SNIBSTON f = SNiB(B)'s Estate [the pers.
name (in the genit.) is a iiickname from a
Low Ger. word represented by Dut. sneb,
a bill, beak, snout, and Swed. snibh, a tip,
extremity : — + O.E. tiin, estate, etc.]

SNIDALL ] (Eng.) Bel. to Snydale (W.Yorks),
SNIDDLE > 14th cent. Snytall, Domesday
SNIDLE J Snitehala, Snitehale = the Snipe-
Corner [O.E. snite, a snipe + h{e)al{h, a

corner],

SNIDER, an Anglicized form of the Dut.
snijder = Gex. Schneider, M.H.Ger. snldare,
= O.N. sniddari, 'cutter', 'tailor,'

SNITTERBY (Scand.)BeL to Snitterby (Lines:

A.D. 1314-15 Snytterby) = Snyth's Estate

[the pers. name is f. a var. of O.N. snotr,

wise : 1- O.N. 6^-r, estate, farm, etc]

SNITTERTON (Eng.) Bel. to Sriitterton
(Derby: A.D. iz^%-ig Snytterton) = Snytre's
Estate [the pers. name is f. O.K. snytre,
a var. of snotor, wise :- — [-O.E. tun, estate,

farm, etc.]

SNOAD 1 (Eng.) theA.-Sax. pers. (nick-) name
SNOOD ] Snod(d)a [f. O.E, snod, a fillet, a

kind ;of head-dress; cognate with O.N.

smi'S-r, a twist, twirl, and Swed. snodd
(pp. of sno, to twist), a string, cord]

Snod Servians . . . —Hund. Rolls.

SNODDEN, V. Snowden.

SNODDON, V. Snowdon.

SNODGRASS (Eng. or Scand.) Dweller at the

Smooth Grass or Lawn [North. Dial. E.

and Scot, snod, smooth, trim, pruned : cp.

O.E. sttddan, to trim, prune ; ahd O.N.

jMoSS-2»«, bald, smooth]

SNODIN, V. Snowden.

SNOOK "l(Eng.)i the A.-Sax. pers. (nick-)

SNOOKE j name Snoc [conn, with Dut. snoek,

a pike ; the root-idea being 'something

markedly projecting'; hence the word was
prob, applied to a long-nosed individual]

2 Dweller at a Point, Small Headland,
or Pointed Rock [Dial. E. snook = Scot.
snuk{e, 'a small promontory'; Early Eng.
snok ('west snok') occurring in a late
version of a Somerset charter dated a.d.
975 ('Cart. Sax.' no. 1313): see i]

Robert Snouk. —

Lay Subs. Roll (Soms.), A.D. 1327.

3 Bel. to Sevenoak(s (Kent), 14th cent. '

Sevenoke, Sevenok, 13th cent. Sevenac' =

the Seven Oaks [O.E. seofon, seven -|-

ckc, pi of dc, oak-tree]

The transition (by syncope) from
Sevenoak(s to Snookfs is well authent-
icated.

SNOOKS, genit., and pi., ofSnook, q.v.

SNOW (Eng.) Born in the time of Snow [M.E.
snou, snow, O.E. sndnsi]

William Snou. — Hund. Rolls.

The Dan.-Norw. snu, 'sly,' 'cunning/
has prob. not affected this name.

SNOWBALL is a nickname of comparatively
mod. orig.

SNOWDEN \ (Eng.) Dweller at the Snow
SNOWDON J Hill [O.E. sndw + diin]

John Snowdone. —

Lay Subs. RolHSoma.), A.D. 1327.

There are hamlets called Upper and
Lower Snowden in W. Yorks, Snowden
Close in Cumb., and a Snowdon Pool in
Salop. The (unstressed) suff. -don is
freq. mutated to -den. The first element.
Snow-, may sometimes be used fig. for
colour (cp. Goldhill). The great Welsh
mountain may occ. have contributed to
this surname by the migration of a
Welshman from its neighbourhood.

SNYDER = Snider, q.v.

SOAM \ (Scand.) Swarthy, Blackish,
SOAME/ [O.N.sdm-r]

SOAMES, Soam(e)'s (Son) : v. Soam(e.

SOAN \ (Teut.) Son (a pet name) [M,E.

SOANE / sone, O.E. sunu = Fris. soan =

M.Dut. sone (Dut. zoon) = Ger. sohn, son]

Cp. the French surname Fils.

SOAN ES, Soan(e)'s (Son): v. Soan(e.

SOAR \ CA.-Fr.-Teut.) With Reddish-
SOARE J Brown or Yellowish-Brown

Hair. [O.Fr. sorie (Fr. saur(e)-, of Teut.

orig. : cp. Low Ger. soor = M.Dut. sore
(Dut. zoor) ~ O.E. sedr, dry, withered]

In our 13th and 14th cent, records we
find the surnames 'le Sor', 'le Sore',aj\i

Soares

172

Somersett

'le Soor'; Soar* appearing at the beginning
of the 17th cent.

As we might expect, the term was used
as a name for a sorrel horse —
For they had two steeds for to keep . . .
And laid the sheild upon the soar,
And then he rode the knight before. —
Sir Gray Steill, 2306, 2309-10.

SOARES, Soar(e)'s (Son) : v. Soap(e.

SODEN = Sowden, q.v.

SOLE (Eng.) Dweller by a (Muddy) Pond or
Pool [Kent, sole; i. O.E. sol, mud, a

puddle]

In i3th-cent. Kentish rolls we find the
surnames ' de la Sole ', 'atte Sole,' and
' de SoUs.'

" The will of Jno. Franklyn, Rector ot
Ickham, describes property as being
' Besyde the wateringe sole in thend [the
end] of Yckhame streete.' " —
Diet- Kent. Dial. (Parish and Shaw), p. 155.

SOLES, pi. (and genit.) of Sole, q.v.

SOLEY (Eng. or Celt. + E.) Bel. to Soley
(End), Warw., the Domesday Soulege =
=the (River) Sow-Lea [O.E. ledh]

(Heb.) more usually Solly, q.v.

SOLLER (A.-Lat.) One who lives in a Garret

or Loft [M.E. soler(e ; O.E. solor or O.Fr.

solier, both f. Lat. solari-um, ' a balcony

or terrace exposed to the sun ' ]

In the Hundred-Rolls both ' de Solaria '
and ' ad Solarium ' occur as surnames.

SOLLOWAY for Solway, q.v.

SOLLY, a (double) dim. of Solomon, q.v.
[E. dim. suff. -y]

ISiloMAN}^- Solomon. q.v.

SOLOMON (Heb.) Peaceful, Peaceable

[Vulgate Salomon, Gr. ZaKia/iiiv, Heb.

Sh'ldmdh, f. shdldm, peace]

When Solomon was born, David was a
man whose strength had been exhausted
in warfare and who was keenly sensible
of the blessings of peace both for a king
and a kingdom. Hence it was altogether
natural that at that period of time he
should have given the name Solomon to a
son on whom he placed high expectations
. . . The name was certainly one which
indicated well a prominent and dis-
tinctive feature of both the character and
reign of Solomon. —

Diet. Bible, ed. Hastings, iv. 560.

See Salomon. The old form Salomon
persists in the Tyndale (1534)1 Cranmer

^,

(1539), and Rheims (1582) Bibles; but
Solomon is the form in the Geneva Bible

1557) aiid, of course, in the Authorized

"ersionof i6n.

SOLOMONS, Solomon's (Sou).

SOLWAY (prob. Celt.) One from the neigh-
bourhood of the Solway Firth.

[17th cent. Sulloway, c. 1300 Sulway : if
the name is Celtic the connexion may be
with the British tribe Selgovce (Ptolemy's
Selgovoi), the base of which name is
usually considered to be represented by
O.Ir. selg (Gael, and Ir. sealg), a hunt ;
' but more likely the second element of
' Solway' is that seen in ' Medway ' and
' Wey,' viz. the early form of Wei. gwy,
water, in which case the first element
might be represented by Wei. sul, ' what
extends round ' : if the name were Teu-
tonic it could easily represent the O.N.
cognate of O.E. sol, mud, wet sand-l-O.N.
vdg-r,^!iha.y, "the chief characteristic of
the Sblway being the sands exposed at
low tide " ; but a Celt. orig. is more prob-
able]

(Eng.) for Salway = Dweller at the
Hall-way [O.E. s<xl, hall -|- weg, way]

Cp. Selway.

Both Saleway and Salweye occur as sur-
names in a Somersetshire Subsidy-Roll
a.d. 1327.

SOMERBY (Scand.) Bel. to Somerby (Lines:
13th cent. Somerdeby; Leic. : Domesday
Sumerlidebie = the Summer-Sailor's
(Viking's) Settlement [the O.N. cognate
of O.E. sumer-lida, summer-sailor, i.e. a
Scand. freebooter who voyaged in the
summer only -|- O.N. b$-r, a farm, settle-
ment]
SwwierWda became a pers. name, occurr-
ing in Domesday-Book as Summerlede ; it
survives as Sommerlad.

SOMERFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Somerford; or
Dweller at the Summer-Ford (i.e. one
not available during the winter-rains)
[O.E. sumer + ford]
Somerford, Wilts, was Sumerford
A.D. 685 ; Somerford, Staffs, had the same
spelling in the 13th cent.

SOMERS \ „ e„„,„n„»
SOMMERS f ^- Summers.

SOMERSET 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Somerset, 13th
SOMERSETT J cent. So»!ew«te, A.-Sax. Swrnar-
sdete, Sumor-sckte [O.E. sckte, genit. pi.
sclkt(e)na, settlers: the first element is app.
conn, with the Saxon royal summer-
residence Siimertiin — O.E. sumer, summer
— now Somerton]

Somerton

173

Southall

SOMERVILLE

SOMERVAIL

SOMERVELL

SOMERWILL

SOMMERVILLE

And him [iElfred] c6mon fcfer ongSan

SumorsckteeaWe.
(And there came to him there all the

Somerset-men) —

A.-Saxon Chron., A.D. 878.

SOMERTON (Eng.) Bel. to Somerton (Soms.,
Oxf., Norf., Suff., etc.) = 1 the Summer-
Residence [O.E. sumer, sumor + tun
dwelling, estate, etc.]

2 f. the pers. name (a) Sumer, (V) Sumer-

lida [(a) O.E. sumer, summer; (J) see

under Somepby ; and 4 O.E. <«n]

Somerton, Soms. (a Saxon royal
summer-seat and once the principal place
in that county), was Sumertun a.d. 860,
Sumortun, early loth cent. The other
Somertons were usually Somerton in the
13th cent,

(Fr.-Teut. + Fr.-Lat.) Bel.
to Sommerville (Norm.)
= S,umar's Estate [O.H.
Ger. (mod. Sommer), O.Sax.,
O.N. sumar, summer + Fr.
ville, Lat. wlla'\
Robertus de Somervile. —

Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1290.
SOMMER, V. Summep.

SOMMERLAD) the A.-Scand. Sumerlida
SOMMERLAT) (loth cent.) = Summer-
Sailor [see under Somerby]

SOMMERS, Sommer's (Son) : v. Sommer,
Summer.

SOMMERSET, v. Somerset.

SOMMERTON, v. Somerton.

SOMNER, V. Sumner.

SONDS, a var. of Sands, q.v.

Fer in Northumberlond the wawe hire

[wave her] caste.
And in the sondhir ship stiked so faste. —
Chaucer, Cant. Tales. B 508-9.

SONE = Soane, q.v.

SONES, Sone's (Son): v. Sone, Soane.

SOOLE, a var. of Sole, q.v.

SOPER (Eng.) Soap-Maker [M.E. soper(e;
M.E. sope, O.E. sdpe, soap + the agent.

suff. -«•(«]

Julian le Sopere. — Hund. Rolls.

|OR^)v.Soar(e.

SORBEY] (Scand.) Bel. to i Sowerby

SORBY WYorks^: 14th cent. Saureby,

SORBIE J Homesday Sourebi, Sorebi; Lanes :

13th cent. Saureby, Soureby, Domesday

Sorbi ; Cumb., etc.) ; 2 Sorbie (Wigton :
iSth cent. Sourbi) = the Muddy Farm-
Land [O.N. saur-r, mud + bf-r}

SORESBY"! (Scand.) Bel. to Sor(e)sby (?)
SORSBY J [early forms are lacking : if the
place-name is one of several post-Nor-
man -by names the pers. name (in the
genit.) forming the first element may be
that seen under Sor(e, Soap(e ; hardly a
nickname f. O.N. siirr, sour]

SORREL "I (A. - Fr. - Teut.) With Reddish-

SORRELLJ Brown or Yellowish-Brown

Hair [O.Fr. sorel, a dim.: v. under Soar]

John Sorel. — Hund. Rolls.
SOTHAM = Southam, q.v.

SOTHEBY (Scand.) Dweller at i the South
Farm or Estate [O.N. siilS-r + bf-r]
Cp. Southernby, Cumb.

2 the Sheep-Farm [O.N. saulS-r (genit.
pi. sau'Sa), a sheep -|- Jji-r]

SOTHER(A)N (Eng. and Scand.) Southerner
[O.E. siiSeme' = O.N. su'Srcenn, southern]

SOTHERTON, v. Southerton.

SOULfor Sole, q.v.

SOULBY \ (Scand.) Bel. to Soulby
SOULSBYJ (Westmd.: 14th cenl. Souhby,
13th cent. Sulleby ; Cumb.) = S<3li's or
Solle's (S6lle's) Farmstead [the pers.
name is considered to be a shortened
form of O.N. Sdrli, mod. Solle (v. under

Serle) and Solui (f. sdl-r, sallow): \-b^-r,

farm, estate]
SOUNES, a form of Sones, q.v.

SOURBUTTS = Sowerbutts, q.v.

SOUSTER, the fem. form of Souter, q.v.
[O.E. fern, agent, suff. -estre'\
Emma le Sowester. —

Close Rolls, A.D. 1306-7.

SOUTER "I (A.-Lat.) Shoemaker, Cobbler
SOUTAR/[M.E. so^ter(e, O.E. sutere, Lat.

sutor"]
The devel made a reve for to preche,,
Or of a soutere, shipman, or a leche

[physician]. —
Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 3903-4.

The true O. Eng. word is scedwyrhta
(shoewright), as in iElfric's 'Colloquium,'
where it glosses sutor.

SOUTHALL (Eng.) Bel. to Southall (M'sex,

etc.) ; or Dweller at i the South Corner

[O.E. su'S + h(e)am

2 the South Slope [O.E. su'S -f

h(e)al{d(= O.n.hall-r]

The M.E. forms are usually Suthalle

(Norf. Hund.-Rolls a.d. 1274) and

Southale (Charter-Rolls a.d. 1278).

Southam

174

Southwood

SOUTHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Southam; or
Dweller at the SouTH Enclosure or
Dwelling [O.E. stiS + ham(m, piece of ,

land, etc.]

The Warw. place was Su'Sham in the
loth cent. ; the Su'Sham of a land-grant
A.D. 965 (by Oswald, Bishop of Worcester
(' Cart. Sax.' no. n66), may refer to either
the Glouc. or the Warw. Southam.

SOUT,HAI\/lPTON(Eng:)Bel. to Southampton,
A.D. 825 Homtun (also Omtun in a Lat.
charter), A.D. 837 (A.-Sax. Chron.)
Hatntun, a.d. 901 Hamtun, A.D. 962 (char-
ter) and A.D. 980 (A.-Sax. Chron.) Sutham-
iun [O.E. stiS, south ; hdm, home, re-
sidence, or ham(m, enclosure, piece of
land, dwelling (none of the A.-Sax. forms
of the name which I have noted has the
a marked as long) + tiin, farm, estate,
etc. : prob. Homtun or Hamtun may here
be interpreted ' Home-Farm ', answering
partly to the O.N. heima-land, 'home-
estate '. If a dative form Hedrntiine, ' at
the high place ' (v. under Hampton), had ~
authentically been found the description
would suit Southampton]

Fr'es minores de Sulhampton. —

Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1326.

When Knute, which here alone affected
the command.
The crown upon his head at fair

South-hampton. set. —
"DraytoxifPoly-OlMon, (a.d. 1612), xii. 396-7.

SOUTHARD \„ e«,,+i,„,„„rf
SOUTHART r- ^°"*''*^'^''-

SOUTHOOMBE (Eng.) DwelleAat the South
Valley [O.E. s«S + cumb (Celt.]

SOUTHCOTE "1 (Eng.) Dweller at the South
SOUTHCOTT J Cottage or South Animal-
Enclosure [Late M.E. Sowthcott, Early
M.E. Suthcote, O.E. sii'& + cot: v. under

Coate]

SOUTHERN 1 (Eng.) Southerner [O.E.
SOUTHORN ) suVeme, southern]

Cp. Sother(a)n.

SOUTHERTON (Eng.) Bel. to So(u)therton ;

or Dweller at the Southern (or More

Southern) Enclosure or Farm [O.E.

su'Seme, southein (orthecompar., j«itS(e)ra,

of 5i<S, south) -I- tun, enclosure, etc.]

SOUTHEY (Eng.) Bel. to Southey, Southea,

Southay ; or Dweller at i the South

Island or Waterside [O.E. sA^ -t- ig\

2 the South Stream [O.E. siiS -(- ed\

In obviously late copies of various
(Latin)chartersto Croyland Abbey, Lines,
dated in the 8th, 9th, and loth centuries,
mention is made of an ' aqua ' called
Smthe?.

I V, Sother(a)n.

3 the South Hey, Hay, or Enclosure
[O.E. siiS + ge)hcBg, haga\

The surname Suthae (for Suthea) occurs
in the Norf. Hundred-Rolls a.d. 1274;
Southeyein a Soms. Subsidy-Roll a.d. 1327.
There is a Southey in W. Yorks, Southay
in Soms.

SOUTHON \ app. weak (syncopated) forms
SOUTH AN J of Southern, q.v.

SOUTHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at the South
House [M.E. Southouse; O.E. sUS + Ms]

SOUTHRAN
SOUTHREN

SOUTHREY (Eng.) Bel. to Southery (Norf.:
i^thcent. Suthereye; etc.) = the Southern
Island or Waterside [O.E. sii'Sera,
compar. of 5«K, south -f z^, island) etc.]
Exactly to which place the Suthereye of
a Latin charter a.d. 942 ("ad ipsam
insulam .... Suthereye " : ' Cart. Sax.'
no. 774) refers is uncertain ; and a Southery
occurs in the Charter-Rolls for Sussex,
a.d. 1347. Sutherey was a M.E. form of
Surrey, q.v.

SOUTHWARD for (i) Southworth, (2)
Southwood, q.v.

SOUTHWELL (Eng.) Bel. to Southwell ; or
Dweller at the South Spring [O.E. sMtS

-f w{fjelld\

Southwell, Notts, occurs in the dative
form 'at Su'Swellan'^ in a land-charter
A.D. 958 ('Cart. Sax.' no. 1029).

SOUTHWICK (Eng.) Bel. to Southwick == the
South Place [O.E. su'S ■{■ wic, a place,

dwelling(s]

William de Suthevyyk (Hunts).—

Hund. Rolls.

Soilthwick, Hants, was Suthwic a.d.
1234-5, Suthwick and Suthwike c. 1445 ;
Southwick, Northants, ■ws.s Southwick a.d.
1379-80; Southwick, Sussex, Suthwik a.d.
1319-20 ; Southwick, Glouc, Suthwike
A.D. 1346.

SOUTHWOLD (Eng.) Bel. to Southwold
(Suff.), the O.Angl. SiiSwald = the South
Forest ("from an ancient forest now
cleared ").

As a surname, Southwold has almost
entirely been merged into Southwood.

SOUTHWOOD (Eng.) i Bel. to Southwood;
or Dweller at the South Wood [O.E.
su'S + wudu]
Roger de Suthwode. — Hund. Rolls.
9 for Southwold, q.v.

Southworth

175

Sparrowe

I = Souter, q.v,

SOUTHWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Southworth
(Lanes), 14th cent. Sotheworth, Suthworth,
A.D. 1212 Suthewrthe = the South En-
closure or' Farm [O.E. 5mS + a/o^^]

SOUTTAR
SOUTTER

SOWARD (Eng.) Sow-Herd [O.E. su +

heorde]

SOWDEN (Eng.) Dweller at 1 the Sow-
Valley [O.E. sii, sow -f- denu, valley]

Cp. Sugden.

2 the South Valley [O.E. siiV + denu]

3 (for Sowdon) the South Down [O.E.

Sid's + dun\
Walter de Suddon. —

Soms. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. 1327.

SOWERBUTTS (? Scand.) No sufficiently
early forms of this (Lane.) name have
been found on which to base a definite
etymology, but it is not unreasonable to
assume that the second element is the pi.
of the North. Dial. E. hut{t, ' a small piece
of ground,' 'a garden-plot', in which
case the first element may well represent
the O.N. saurr, ' mud.'

The name of one William S p, who

is several times mentioned in Lane. Fines
A.D. 1503-09, is variously spelt Sourbutts,
SQurbytts, Sourebuttes, Sowerboits, Sower-
buttis.

SOWERBY (Scand.) Bel. to Sowerby: v.
Sopb(e)y.

SOWTER = Soutep, q.v.

Used by Shakespeare as a dog-name —
Soivter yrill cry upon't for all this.—

Twelfth Night, I J. v. 137.

SPACKMAN = Speakman, q.v.

SPAFFORD = SpofTord, q.v.

SPAIN (A.-Lat.-?Phoen.) One from Spain, the

Span. Espana, Lat. Hispania (Gr. Spania,

sirai/fa) [usually said to have been named

by the Phoenicians from the rabbits which

infested the eastern coast]

William de Spayne. — Hund.-Rolls.

The N.T. els T^v'S,%avlav — Romans, xv.
24, 28 — was translated ' in to Spayne ' by
Wielif (A.D. 1380) andCranmer(A.D. i539)i
the A.V. (A.D. 161 1) having 'into Spaine.

SPALDING (Eng.) Bel. to Spalding (tines),
13th cent. Spalding(e, the A.-Sax. Spdlde-
lyng, Spaldeling, Spauldeling [On the
analogy of Spaldington, Yorks, the last
element iS; the 0-E. fil. sufi. -ing rather
than O.North. and East. E. ing (O.N. ewg),
a meadow, and the first element a pers.

name with the dim. suff. -el, perh. a nick-
name f. O.E. spdld, saliva (1), unless conn,
with Low Ger. spalden, to split (cp. O.E.
speld, a splinter]

SPANNER (Eng.) is app. a nickname f. O.E.
spanere, ' enticer,' 'seducer.'

SPARHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Sparham (Norf.),
13th cent. Sparham, A.D. io6o Sparham
(' Dipl. Angl.', p. 590) [if the second ele-
ment were the O.E. hdm, home, residence,
the first element would be a pers. name,
perh. f. O.E. spar, seen in speerlic, sparing,
frugal, hardly O.E. spere, a spear (cp.
O.N. sparr, a kind of spear, and Lat.
spar-US, a spear) ; if the second element
(as seems likely) is O.E. hamim, an en-
closure, piece of land, the first element
may easily be O.E. sptBr(-stdn), gypsum,
chalk ; improb. the O.E. cognate of O.N.
sparri=V>\it, spar, a spar, beam. App.
this place is not the Spareweham fO.E.
spearwa, a sparrow) of the Charter-Rolls,
A.D. 1226-7]

SPAR HAWK (Eng.) Sparrowhawk [M.E.

Sperhauk{e, Sparhavec, etc., Domesday

Sperhavoc, A.-Sax. Spe{a)rhafoc ; f. spearwa,

sparrow, and hafoc, hawk]

The refusal of Archbishop Robert to
consecrate SpearhafocXo the see of London
[a.d. 1050] had just excited the minds of
the people anew against the Franks. —

Lapp. -Thorpe, A.-Sax. Kings, ii. 300.
What mighte or may the sely larke seye
Whan that the sperhauk hath it in his
foot ?—

Chaucer, Trail. & Cris., iji. 1191-2.

SPARK \ (Eng.) an assim. form of Sparhawk,
SPARKEJq.v.

(Scand.) a nickname for a Gay Fellow,
a Gallant [M.E. spark{e ; O.N. spark-r,
lively, brisk]
Robertus Spark. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

Ere many days, in her fathers park,
Just at the close of eve-a.
Again she met with her angry sparke ;
Which made this lady grieve-a.^ —
'The Baffled Knight,' 93-6: Percy's
Religues.

Cp. Sprake.

|pARKf}SPARK(E)'s(Spn).

SPARLING (teut.) = Spaprowj (q.v.) -)- the
(double) dim. suff. -ling : cp. Ger. Sperling,
'sparrow.'

SPARROW I (Epg.) a nickname from the
SPARROWE J Sparrow [M.E. spar{e)wisi
sparowe, etc., O.E. spearwa — Goth,
sparma.\ '

5parrowhawk

176

Spence

SPARROWHAWK (Eng.) the fuller form of
Sparhawk, q.v.

SPARSHOLT "I (Eng.) Bel. to Sparsholt
SPARSHOTT J (Berks: a.d. 963 and 1229
Speresholt; Hants: a.d. 900 Speoreshplt)
[O.E. holt, a wood.: the first element looks
like a' pers. name (in the genit.) f. O.E.
spere = O.N. spior (pi.), a spear ; but the
above two place-names would provide
almost the only instances of this word (in
O.E. neuter like O.Sax. sper) being used
as a pers. name, and it is not improb. that
the two holts in question were so named
from their containing ash-trees suitable for
spear-shafts ; the early forms quoted are
against a derivation f, the O.E. cognate of
O.N. sparri, a spar, beam]

SPAUL "I (A.-Fr.-Lat.) One from St. Paul (a
SPAULL J common French eccles. place-
name) [Fr. saint ; Lat. sanct-us, holy ; and

V. Paul]
SPAULDING, V. Spalding.

SPAWFORTH, V. SpofTorth.

SPEAIGHT, V. Speight.

SPEAK "1„ o„„^„
SPEAKEJ'-^P^'^^-

SPEAKMAN (Eng.) Spokesman, Speaker,
Orator [f. O.E. sp{r)ecan, to speak

-I- manti\
Richard Spekeman. — Hund. Rolls-

SPEAR (Eng.) i meton. for a Spearman
[M.E. O.E. spere, a spear]

2 a form of Spyer, q.v.

SPEARING (Eng.) i representing an A.-Sax.

* S/>m«^=SPERE's Son [O.E. spere, a

spear (neuter, like O.Sax. sper; hvA

O.H.Ger. sper, as mod. speer, was mostly

masc.) 4- the fil. suff. -ing\

Cp. Goring.

2 perh. also (on grammat. analogy) for
, the A.-Sax. spyrigend, ' investigator ',
'explorer', 'scout'.

SPEARIVIAN (Eng.) v. Spear, and -|- man.

SPEARS, Spear's (Son) : v. Spear.

SPECK = Speke, q.v.

SPECKIVIAN = Speakman, q.v.

SPEDDING for Speeding, q.v.

SPEDDY for Speedy, q.v.

SPEECHLEY"! (Eng.) Bel. to Spetchley
SPEECHLY J (Wore. : a.d. 967 at Spceclea,
A.D. 816 SpcBcleahtun) = the Speech-Lea
(evid. a field where public meetings were
held) [O.E. spate, speech, also ' palace of
public speaking ' + ledh, m., dat. led,
meadow, field]

SPEED (Eng.) SUCCESS, FORTUNE, Pros-
perity [O.E. sped]

Roger Sped. — Hund. Rolls.

SPEEDING (Eng.) representing an A.-Sax.
*Speding= Sped's Son [O.E. spM, f., suc-
cess, prosperity, etc. + the fil. suff. -ing]
For ari analogous -!M5--formation on a
fem. noun cp. the A.-Sax. Munding.

SPEEDY (Eng.) Prosperous, Fortunate;
(later) Swift [O.Y.. spSdig]

SPEER = Spear, q.v.
SPEERS = Spears, q.v.
SPEET 1 (Teut.) a nickname from the
S P E i G H T J Woodpecker [M.E. spe(i)ght,
etc. : cp. Dut. and Ger. specht (O.H.Ger.
speht), woodpecker]
Hugo Speght. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

Eve, walking forth about the forrests,

gathers
Speights, parrots, peacocks, estrich

scatter'd feathers.—
Sylvester's tr. Du Bartas; T. Wright.

SPEIR = Spear (esp. '), q.v.
SPEIRS, Speir's (Son).
SPEKE (Eng.) Bel. to Speke (Lanes : Domes-
day S/>ec) [a North, form of O.E. spAc, lit.
speech, also ' place of pubUc speaking ' :
cp. O.E. sp{r)<kc-hus, auditory, parUament-

house]

(A.-Fr.-Teut.) a nickname from the

Woodpecker [A.-Fr. espek, O.Fr. espech(e

(Fr. ipeiche), M.H.Ger. O.H.Ger. spech,

woodpecker; allied to E. 'Speight' and

luZt. pic-usi

William le Spek.— ff«»rf. Rolls.

SPELLER ■) (Eng.) Speaker, Orator,

SPELLAR y Preacher ; Storyteller [M.E.

speller{e ; f. O.E. spell, a discourse, homily,

story, narrative + the agent, suff. -e«]

Miles le Speller. —

Close Rolls, A.D. 1306-7.

Speke we of tha spelleres bolde,
Sith we have of this lady tolde. —

Cursor Mundi, 20849-50.

SPELMAr } (^"g-) ■ ^1"^^- *° SP®"^'"' I-'-

2for Spillman', q.v.

SPENCE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Keeper of or Assistant
in a Provision-Room or Buttery [M.E.
spence, spens(e, O.Fr. despense, L.Lat.
dispensa, larder ; f. Lat. dispendere, to

weigh out]
Thomas del Spens. —

Pat,Rolls,Pi..'D.izJ,o.

Al vinolent [full of wine] as hotel in
the spence. —

Chaucer, Cdnt, Tales, D 1931.

spencer

177

Spillin

In-to ane spence with vittell greit
plentie,

Baith cheis and butter upone thair
skelfis hie [high shelves]. —
Henryson, The Uplandis Mous, 102-3.

SPENCER "1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dispenser (of
SPENSER j provisions), Buttery or Larder

Keeper [M.E. spencer, spenser{e, O.Fr.

despencier, dispensier, L.Lat. dispensari-us ;
f. Lat. dispendere, to weigh out]

John le Spencer. — Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.
Henry le Spenser. — do.
Roger le Spenser. —

Lane. Fine's, A.D. 1384.

The spensere and the botillere [butler]

bothe,
The kyng with hem was ful wrothe. —
Cursor Mundi, 4447-8.
Syr Hugh the spencer that was the
kynges chamberlayne. —

Caxton, Chrott. Eng., cxc. iii.
The Spenser come with keyis in his

hand,
Opinit the dure, and thame at denner
fand. —
Henryson, The Uplandis Mous, 132-3.

SPENDER (A.-LatO Bursar; Paymaster

[M.E. spender ; f. O.E. spendan, to spend —

Lat. expendere, to weigh out, pay out]

Johannes Spender. —

YorltsPoll-Tax,A.T). 1379.

Sometimes the duties of the spender
seem to have been considered equivalent
to those of the spenser or spencer (v.
Spencer): cp. Dut. spinden, 'to distribute
hTea&';spittde, 'pantry'.

SPENDLOVEA (Eng.) a nickname for an
SPENDLOW , Amorous Individual [f. O.E.
SPENLOVE spendan, to spend + lufu,
SPENLOW ' love]

The d was dropped comparatively early:
we find Spendelove in the Hundred-Rolls
(a.d. 1274), but Spenlof as well as Spend-
love in the Yorks PoU-Tax, a.d., 1379.
Spendelo{w)e occurs in the late i6th cent.

SPENNER (Eng.) i for Spender, q.v.
2 for Spinner, q.v.

SPENS = Spence, q.v.

SPENSER = Spencer, q.v.

SPENSTER, a fem. form of Spenser, Spencer
[O.E. fem. agent, suif. -estre'\

SPERLING, v. Sparling.

SPERLINGS, Sperling's (Son).

SPERRING - Spearing, q.v.

SPjCE, meton. for Spicer, q.v,

SPICER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dealer in Spices

[M.E. spicer(e, spycer, A.-Fr. espicer (Fr.

spicier, grocer) ; O.Fr. espice, spice + the

agent, suff. -er (Lat. -aris) ; Lat. species,

with subsid. meaning 'merchandise']

Richard Lespicer. —

Chesh. Chmbrlns'. Accts., A.D. 1303-4.
Spiceres [var. spycers] speken with hym
To spien hire {their] ware. —

Piers Plowman, 1332-3.

SPICKERNELL"! see the commoner form
SPICKNELL JSplgurnell.

SPICKFATT (Eng.) a trade nickname

(= Bacon-Fat) for a Pork - Butcher

[O.E. spic, bacon, lard + fckti]

SPIER = Spyer, q.v. i There has been
SPIERS = Spyers, q.v. J some confusion
with Spelr(s, Spear(8, q.v.

SPIGURNELL (prob. Teut;) This obsolete
official title of the sealer of the King's
writs is said to owe its origin to Godfrey
Spigumell or Spigornell, the holder of
the office under Hen. UL (see, e.g.,
Carpentier, ' Gloss. Nov.', 1766, p. 847,
quoting Rapin-Thoyras [the surname
prob. represents a nickname f. the Low
Ger. spiker-nagel = Mod. High Ger.
speichemagel, E. 'spike-nail' (whence prob.
the E. plant-name 'spicknel', 'spignel']
These Bohuns were by inheritance for
a good while the Kings Spigumelh, that
is, the Sealers of his Writs. —

Holland's tr. Camden's Brit., ed. 1637,

p. 312.
Godefr' Spigornell. —

Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1205-6.
Nicholas Spikernel. —

Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.

SPIKING (Eng.) a nickname f. the 0.(N.)E.
spicing, m., 'a spike', 'nail'.
Cp. North. Dial, spiking, 'a large nail'.

SPILL (Teut.) an old pers. name (Spil-) f. O.E.
spilian (M.E. spilen) = O.T<l. spila=O.Sax.
and O.H.Ger. spildn, 'to play'.

Cp. Spilsbury and Spilsby; and
Spillman.

SPILLER (Teut.) 1 Player, Performer [v.
Spill, and -|- the agent, suff. -er]

Cp. Dan.-Norw. spiller, 'gamester',
'player' ; Swed. spelare, 'gamester' ; Dut.
i^e/er, 'player', 'gamester', 'fiddler', 'per-
former' ; Fris. spylder, 'player' ; Ger. spieler,
'player,' 'actor', 'performer', 'gambler'
(M.H.Ger. spilare).

2 = Speller, q.v. [cp. Goth. spilUn, to

narrate]
SPILLIN for Spilling.

Spilling

178

Spons;(e

SPILLING, V. Spill, and + the O.Teut. fil.
sxiS.-ing.

SPILLINGS, Spilling's (Son).

SPILLMAN 1 = Spill (q.v.) + man.

Richard Spileman. —

Gt. Inq. Serv., A.D. 1212.

Nicholas Spilman. — Testa de Nevill.

Cp. Dan.-Norw. spillemand, 'fiddler';
Swed. spelman, 'mean musician' ; Dut.
spelleman, 'showman' ; Fris. spilman, spyl-
Wfflw, 'fiddler', 'bandsman'; Ger. spielmann,
'musician', 'fiddler' (M.H.Ger. spilman,
'musician', 'minstrel', jester').

2 for Spellnnan', q.v.

SPILSBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Spelsbury

(Oxon), the A.-Sax. Speolesburh=SPEOl.'s

Stronghold {the pers. name is f. a var.

of O.E. spilian, to play : v. Spill]-

SPILSBY (Scand.) Bel. to Spilsby (Lines),
A.D. 1254-5 and 1304-5 Spillesby [the pers.
name (in the genit.) is more likely from
O.N. spila, to play (cp. Spilsbury) than f.

O.N. spilla, to destroy : h O.N. bf-r,

estate, farm]

SPINDELOW (Eng.) like Spend low for
Spendlove, q.v.

SPINDLER (Eng.) Spindle-Maker [M.E.
spin(d)el, O.E. spinl, spindle + the agent.

suff. -ere]

SPINK (Scand.) a nickname from the Finch
[M.E. and Dial. E. and Scot, spini (late
M.E. spynke), a finch ; of Scand. orig.: cp.
Dial. Scand. spink(e, a small bird]
Emma Spink. — Hund. Rolls.
The larke with his longe to ;
The spynke, and the martynet also. —

Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, 406-7.

The gpviAspink, music's gayest child. —

Burns, Bruar Water, 43.

SPINKS, Spink's (Son).

SPINNER, the M.E. spinner(e, spynner{e [f.
O.E. spinnan, to spin]
SPIRE, V. Spyep.
SPIRES, V. Spyers.

SPI RETT, a weak form (through the intermed.
Spyrad: Yorks, a.d. 1379) of Spirhard,
q.v.

SPIRHARD (Scand.) Spear-Brave [O.N.
*Spiorhar^-r—spiSr (=O.E. spere), spear
-f- har^r (=O.E. h(e)ard), hard, brave]
Philip Spirhard. —

Hund. Rolls (Norf.), A.D. 1274.
Johannes Spirard. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.
Cp. Gerard.

SPIRING, a weak form of Spearing, q.v.

SPITAL ] (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at or by

SPITTALL (or attendant in) a Hospital

SPITTLE J [M.t.spitel,spital,O.VT.(h)ospilal

(Fr. hSpital) ; L.Lat. hospitale, a large

house ; Lat. hospitalis, relating to a guest

or host]

Richard atte Spitale. —

Pari. Writs, A.D. 1300.

Lete bere hem [them] to the spitel anoon.
— Rom. of the Rose, C 6505.

Spit(t)al or Spittle is a fairly-common
British place-name : Spittal, Pemb.,
"had formerly a chapel or hospital be-
longing to Slebech preceptory '' ; Spittal,
Lines, has "St. Edmund's hospital, which
was founded for poor women prior to
1330"; Spittle-Hill, Northumb., "had
formerly a hospital dedicated to St.
Leonard" (Nat Gas., 1868).

SPITTLEHOUSE = Spittle (q.v.) + E. house,
O.E. hus.

SPITTLEMAN = Spittle (q.v.) + man.

Quhen Symkin standis quhisling with
ane quhip and ane gaid [goad] . . .
Moist [most] like ane spittellman — suld
I have ane of thoise? —

The Fermorar &his Dochter, 49, 52.
SPLATT, a West. Eng. freq.of Piatt, q.v. [cp.
the Devon, splat-footedtox plat-footed, splay-
footed ; and Devon, splat, a large spot]

Cp. Spiott.

SPLOTT (EngO Dweller at a Plot of Land
[O.E. spiott, a spot, plot of land]

William atte Splotte.—

Soms. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. 1327.

SPOFFORD "I (Eng. or A.-Scand.) Bel. to

SPOFFORTH J Spofforth (Yorks), 14th cent.

Spofford, Domesday Spoford [O.E. ford, a

ford, forth : the first element is obscure

from lack of suff. early documentary

evidence, but not improb. is f. O.N. spol-r,

a rail, bar ; hardly O.E. spor, a track]

SPON (Eng.) Dweller at the sign of the

Spoon [M.E. spon, O.E. spdn]

SPONG(E (Eng.) Dweller at i a Bog or

Swamp [Dial. East. E. spoug, a boggy

place ; app. a guttural form of O.E. sponge

(Lat. spongia), a sponge : cp. Gael, spong,

Ir. spone, Wei. yspwng. Corn, spong, all f.

Lat. spongia; also Scand. svamp, a

sponge]

2 a Narrow Piece of Land [Dial. East.

E. spong; app. conn, with O.N. spSng, a

flake, and E. Fris. spange, a thin plate]

" One cottage and spong of ground in
Desford aforesaid"— ie«c. Gloss., p. 252.

Spoonei*

m

Springold

SPOON ER (Eng.) Spoon-Maker or -Seller

[M.E. sponer ; M.E. spop, O.E. spSm a chip

of wood, spoon + the agent, suff. -ere]

SPORRIER = Spuprlep, q.v.
William le Sporier. —

Chesh. Chmbrlns'. Accts., A.D. 1302-3.

SPOTTISWOOD ] (Eng.) Bel. to Spottis-

SPOTTISWOODE ^wood (Berwick) =

SPOTTSWOOD J Spot(t)'s Wood [the

pers. name is no doubt a nickname (as in

the case of Wulfric Spot, Earl of Mercia,

d. loio) from M.E. O.E. spot, a spot (cp.

O.N. spotii, spott-r, m., a bit, small piece ;

and M.Dut. spotten, to spot, stain) rather

than f. O.N. spidt, n., a spear]

"... Robert de Spottiswood, who
was born in the reign of King Alex-
ander III. and died in that 'Of Robert
Bruce". — Burke's Landed Gentry.

SPRACK (Scand.) Lively, Quick, Brisk,

Alert [Dial. E. ; O.N. sprcek-r, spark-r,

sprightly, &c. : cp. Dial. Swed. sprdk,

sprdg, talkative ; and Spapk(e']

William Sprak. —

Soms. Subs.-Roll, A.D. 1327.

SPRACKETT= Sprack+the Fr. dim. suff. -et.

William Spraket. —

Soms. Subs.-Roll, A.D. 1327.

SPRACKLIN 1 =Spraok (q.v.)-|-the double
SPRACKLEN J dim. suff. -el-in.

SPRACKLING i = Spraok (q.v.) + the
double dim. suff. -l-ing.

(rarely) 2 for the well-known O.Scand.
nickname Sprakalegg-r, 'Creaking Leg'.

Spracling-us occurs as a pers. name in
the 'Liber Vitse Dunelm'.

There has been confusion with Sprat-
ling, q.v.

ipRA§BRSw}f°'^SprotbOPOUgh,q.v.

SPRAGG

SPRAGUE U. Sppack.

SPRAKE .

He is a good sprag memory. —

Merry Wives of W., IV. i. 84.

SPRAGGON = Sppagg, Sprack (q.v.) + the
Fr. augm. suff. -on.

SPRAGGONS, Spraggon's (Son).

SPRAKELING = Sprackling, q.v.

SPRATLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Sproatley (Yorks),

Domesday Sprotele, Sprotelai=SPROTA's

Lea [v. Sproat, Sppot(t, and -)- M.E. ley,

O.E. 7?4A, a lea]

SPRATLING =■ Sppat(t, Sppot(t, q.v. H-the
E. double dim. suff. -l-ing.

There has been some confusion with
Spraokling, q.v.

SPRAT(T, V. Sppot(t.

SPREADBOROUGH]

SPREADBURY UorSppotbopOUgh.q.v.

SPREDBURY J

SPREAG I for Sppigg, q.v.

2 for Sppague, Sppaok, q.v.

SPRECKLEY does not seem to be an Eng.
local name, and it therefore prob. repre-
sents the O.Scand. nicknajne Sprakalegg-r
[O.N. spraka, to creak, etc. + legg-r, leg]

SPRIGENS 1 _ e„„:tftfi„o nv
SPRIGGENSJ-^P'^'^S'"^''!''-

SPRIG G I (Teut.) a nickname f. the O.Low
SPRIGGE/Ger. word seen in Mod.L.Ger.
sprikk, Fris. sprik(ke, O.N. sprek, a stick,
twig, O.E. sprcec,. a shoot, twig.

Sprig. — ^A small, slender person. —

Lonsdale Gloss., p. 79.

SPRIGGIN = Sprigg (q.v.) 4- the A.-Fr. dim.
suff. -in.

William Spiigia.—Hund. Rolls (Norf.)

SPRIGGINS 1

SPRIGGINGS tSPRiGGiN's (Son).

SPRIGINGS J

SPRIGGS, Sprigg's (Son) : v. Sprigg.

SPRING (Eng.) i Dweller at a Fountain
[O.E. spryng; f. springan, to burst forth]

2 Dweller at a Grove or Young Wood

[Dial. E.]

The nightingale, among the thick-leav'd
spring. —

Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, v. i.

3 Active, Nimble [Dial. E. ; O.E.

springan, to spring]

SPRINGALL \ (A.-Fr,-Teut.) a term applied

SPR1NGLE I to an Active, Nimble Indi-

SPRINGALD jviDUAL [M.E. springal{d, a

SPRINGOLD I youth, stripling (also a military

engine) ; O.Fr. espringale, a dance, a

military engine ; f. O.Sax. O.H.Ger.

springan =? O.N. springa, to spring]

In the Hundrpd-RoUs (a.d. 1274) we

find the surname Springald, the vocalized

form Springaud, and the iinit. form

Springold.

There came two springals of full tender
yeares.— Spenser, Faerie Queene, V. x. 6.
Springall is occ. for Sppinghall,

Springett

i8o

Squires

SPRINGETT I = Spring' (q.v.) + the A.-Fr.
dim. suff. -et.

Cp. the French surname Sprenguet.

2 a weak form of Springald, q.v.

SPRINGHALL (Eng.) Dweller at i the Hall

by the Spring [O.K. spryng + h(e)all]

2 the Spring-Nook [O.E. spryng +

h(e)al(h, a corner, nook]

There are two Spring Halls in Camb.
and one in Suff.

There has been some confusion with
Spplngall.

SPROAT = Sprott, q.v.

SPROOLE\ (Eng.) Energetic, Active [Dial.

SPROULE E. : cp. M.E. sproul, M.Scpt.

SPROWLE 'spreul, to sprawl, O.E. spredwlian,

SPRULE / 'to move convulsively' ; whence
also Devon, sproil, active, agile, and
North. E. (1781 : K.Ti.S.) sprewl, 'to spurn
and kick . . .']

SPROSON I for Sproat's Son: v. Sproat,
Sppott.
2 for Sproston, q.v.

SPROSTON (Eng.) Bel. to Sproston (Chesh.),

14th cent. Sprouston = Sprot's Estate

[v. Sppot(t, and + O.E. tun\

SPROTBOROUGH\(Eng.) Bel. to Sprot-
SPROTBURY /borough (Yorks), 13th

cent. Sprotburghe, Domesday Sproteburg

= Sprota's Stronghold

D [v.
= O.N,

under

SPROT(T (Eng.) the- A.-Sax Sprot(a, a pers.

name f. sprota, m. ( = O.N. sprott), 'a sprout',

'shoot', 'peg' [conn, with O.E. sprott =

Dut. sprot = L.Ger. sprotte, a sprat ; and

cp. Dut. spruit, a sprout, child]

WiUiam Sprot. —

Pipe-Rolls, A.D. 1350. i.

Richard Sprot. —

Hund. Soils, A.D. 1274.

SPRUNT (Eng.) Active, Vigorous [Dial. E. ;

O.E. spryn(s)d]

SPUR irScand.) a
SPURR J Sparrow

nickname from the
[O.N. spsrr]
(Eng.) a sign-name or trade-name from
the Spur [M.E. spure, O.E. spura]

SPURGE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname or local

name from the plant so called [E. spurge,

O.Fr. e)spurge (Fr. spurge), named from

jts 'cleansing away' warts ; f. Lat. expur-

gare, to clefin§e away]

SPURGEONI said to be palatalized meta-
SPURGIN J thetic forms of the I3th-cent.
Norfolk Sprigin, through the i6th-cent.
form Spurgynne (v. Spriggin). This is
not impossible ; but Spurgeon would
readily represent a conceivable nickname
'Spur-John'.

SPURUING = Spup' (q.v.) + the (double)
dim. suff. -l-ing. : cp. the Ger. Sperling,
'sparrow'.

SPURMAN (Eng.) Tracker; Scout [O.E.
speremann, spyremann; conn, with O.E.
spor, a track]
Rog'us Spurman de Caton. —

Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1329.

SPURRELL (Eng.) Kicker [O.E. spurul,
'given to kicking or trampling' (?)]

SPURRIER (Eng.) Spur-Maker [M.E. spure,
spore + the agent, suff. -ier ; O.E. spura,
spora, a spur]
Cp. Spoppler.

SPURWAY (Eng.) Dweller at a Track-Way
[O.E. spor, a track -|- weg, a way]

SPYER (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Spier, Spy,Watchman,

Scout [f. M.E. espyen, O.Fr. espier (Fr.

dpier), O.H.Ger. spekon, to spy]

William le Spiour. —

Chesh. Chmbrlns'. Accts., A.D. 1301-2.

Robertas Spyer. —

Yorks Pott-Tax, A.D. 1379.

The mod. Fr. 4pieur has also developed
the meaning 'eavesdropper', 'Paul Pry'.

SPYERS, (the) Spyer's (Son).

SQUAREYl (A..Fr.-Lat.) Short and Fat

SQUARY ; [North. E. : cp. O.Fr. esquarrS,

squared, L.Lat. exquadrare, to square ;

Lat. quadrare']

SQUEER ] (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Squire, Knight's

SQUIER ^ Attendant; Ut. Shield-Bearer

SQUIRE J \M..K. squier, squyer, O.Fr. escuier,

escuyer (Fr. Scuyer), a squire ; f. L.Lat.

scutarius, a shield-bearer ; Lat. scutum, a

shield]
John le Squier.— /fwBrf. Rolls.

A Knyght ther was . . .
With hym ther was his sone, a yong
Squier. —

Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 43, 79.

IquierI® I Squeer's, Squier's, Squire's
squiRES J (^°")-

Squibb

i8i

Staindrop

SQUIBB (Scand.) a nickname for a Petty

Fellow [f. M.E. squippen, swippen, to

move swiftly, flash ; O.N. suipd]

Or asked for their pas by everie squib
That list at will them to revile or snib. —
Spenser, Prosopopoia, 371-2.

SQUILLER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Keeper of the

Dishes ; Dish-Washer [M.E. A.-Fr.

squyl(i)er, squeler; f. O.Fr. escuelle (Ft.

ecuelle), Lat. scutella, a dish]

SQUIRRELL (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) a nickname

from the Squirrel [M.E. squyrel, squirel,

A.-Fr. esqurel, O.Fr. escurel (Fr. icureuit),

L.Lat. scurellus, a dim. f. Lat. sciurus, Gr.

' (FKlovpos, a squirrel]

STABLE(S, in addition to its face-meaning,
may occ. be tor Staple(8, q.v.

STABLEFORD for Stapleford, q.v.

STABLER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Stableman [M.E.

stab(e)ler, f. stabel, stable, with the agent.

suff. -er ; O.Fr. estable, a stable, Lat. siabul-

unt, a stall, stable]

William le Stabler.— Hunrf. Rolls.

STAGE, a contr. of i Eustace, q.v.

2 the French Anastase: v. under Anstice
(for Anstace).

Roger Stace.—Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.
Johannes Stase. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

Robertus Stace.-r

Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 142 1-2.

STAGEY

STACY

STAGYEJ

I the M.Lat. Stacius for the well-
known Lat. Statins [f. Lat. status,
stability, prosperity, etc.]

Stacius le Boloneis. — Cal. Rot. Pat.

2 a contr. of the Lat. Anastasius: v.
under Anstice (for Anstace).

3 = Stace (q.v.) -f the E. dim. suff. -y.
Johannes Stacy. —

Inq. adq. Damn., A.D. 1314-15.

Stacy Hernowe. —

Soms. Subs.-Roll, A.D. 1327.
Robertus Stasy. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

STAGK "1 (Scand.) Dweller at a Stack, or

STAGKE J Steep Rock or Hill [O.N. stakk-r

(Dan.-Norw. stak, Swed. stacK), a stack ;

borrowed by Gael, (stac, a cliiT, steep hill]

STACKPOOL ] (Scand. + E.) Bel. to Stack-

STAGKPOOLE \ pool or Stackpole [v. under

STACPOOLE J Stack, and + M.E. poole,

jpoJe, O.E.jEi(;;, apool]

Stackpole-Elidor, co. Pembroke, "is
situated on the shore of Stackpole Creek
and Head, opposite the Stack Rocks in
the Bristol Channel."— ATat. Gaz.

STAFFORD (Eng.) I Bel. to Stafford (Staffs),
the Domesday Stadford, Stafford = the
Staith or Landing-Place Ford [O.E.
iteSJ, a bank, shore; hence, a landing-
place ■\-ford\

"It is impossible to doubt that the
original form was Stmthford." —

Duignan, Staffs Place-Names, p. 141.

2 Dweller at the Stave-Ford (i.e. a
ford which was marked out or facilitated
by staves) [O.E. sttBf, a staff, stave, stick

+ ford\

There are hamlets called Stafford in
Somerset, Devon, etc.

STAGG (A.-Scand.) i a nickname and sign-
name from the Stag [M.E. stagge. Late
O.E. stagga, a stag ; O.N. stegg-r, steggi,
male bird, animal]

Dialectally, 'stag' was applied in Eng-
land to other male animals (and birds)
besides the hart.

2 a voiced form of Stack, q.v.
Cp. 'Stag Rock,' off Anglesey, and the
various Irish 'Stag-Rocks' or 'Stags.'

STAG MAN (A.-Scand.) Stag -Keeper [v.
under Stagg, and + E. man\

STAIG, a Scot, and N.E. form of Stagg, q.v.

STAILEY, V. staley.

STAIN (Eng. and Scand.) Bel. to Stain ; or
Dweller at a Stone, i.e. a Rock, or Stone
Castle [O.E. stdn = O.N. stei«»]

Cp. Staines.

STA1NB(0)R0UGH (Eng.) Bel. to Stain-
b(o)rough (W. Yorks), the Domesday
Stanburg = the Stone or Rock Strong-
hold [O.E. stdn + burg]

STAIN BURN (Eng.) Bel. to Stainburn ; or

Dweller at the Stony Brook [O.E. stdn,

a stone + burne, a brook]

The Yorks place was Stanbume in
Domesday-Book.

STAI N DRO P (Eng. or Scand.)Bel. to Staindrop

(Durham), form. Stainthorp = the Stone

DwELHNG(s [O.E. stdn = O.N. steinn +

O.E. O.N. yorp]

This name was Latinized Vicus Saxeus,

I82

Stainer

Stalmine

STAINER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Painter, Decorator

^hort for Distainer; f. O.Fr. desteindre

(Fr. dSteindre), to take away the colour ;

Lat. dis-, a privative + tingere, to dye]

(Teut.) lor the O.Scand. pers. name

Steinarr for Sleinharr, A.-Sax. Stdnhere =

RocK(-Firm)-ARMY [O.N. steinn = O.E.

Stan (=Goth. stains), stone, rock + O.N.

-harr, herr -O.E. here, army]

The mod. Norweg. forms are Steinar,
Stener.

STAINES \ (Eng.) Bel. to Staines (M'sex), a
STAINS ) pi. form of the A.-Sax. Sirf« = the

Boulder, Rock, or Stone House or

Castle.

The short A.-Saxon charter of the Con-
fessor in which this place is referred to in
the dative as Stane (TDipl. Angl.', p. 4 14) is
superscribed (doubtless dating from a
later period) " Carta beati Regis Edwardi
de Wyndesora et Stanes."

It usedto'be thought that Staines owed
its name to an old stone marking the
boundary of the jurisdiction of the Cor-
poration of London over the Thames to
the West.

Cp. Stanes.

STAINFIELD = Stanfield, q.v.

STAIN FORD \ (Eng.) Bel. to Stainford or

STAINFORTH J Stainforth (Yorks), the

Domesday Stainforde= the Stone-Ford

[O.E. sta'B +ford]

STAIN SBY (Scand.) Bel. to Stainsby (Lines,

Derby) =Steinn's Dwelling or Estate

[the genit. of O.N. steinn, a stone, rock 4-

b$-r, estate, etc.]

STAINTON (Eng.) Bel. to Stainton (a common
Eng. place-name), 13th cent. Stanton,
Staynlon, A.-Sax. Stdntdn : v. Stanton.

STAIR (Gael.) Dweller at a Marsh - Path
or the Stepping Stones [Gael, stair;
prob. conn, with, if not borrowed from,

Eng. 'stair']
Stair, Ayrshire, is on the R, Ayr.
(Eng.) see Stare.

STALEY (Eng.) Bel. to Staley (-Bridge),
Chesh., 14th cent. Stavelegh, Staveley = tiie
Stave-Lea (i.e. a meadow enclosed by
staves : cp. 'Hedgeley') [O.E. staf + ledhj

STALKER (Eng.) Stalker ; hence Fowler,
Hunter [i. O.E. st{e)alcian, to stalk]

William le Stalkere.—
Ch&h' Cbmbrlm'. Aacti., A,D. 1303.4,

STALLARD (Eng.) for Stallward=STABLE-

Keeper [O.E. st{e)aU, a stall, stable +.

w(e)ard, keeper]

(Scand.) for the O.Scand. pers. name
Stdlha^r= Steel-Hard.

STALLBRIDGE] (Eng.) Bel. to Stalbridge

STALBRI DG E J (Dorset), early - 14th - cent.

Stapelbrigge, Stapelbrig, a.d. 998 Stapulbricg

[O.E. stapol, -ul, a post, pillar, staple -|-

O.E.bricg, brycg, abridge]

STALLER (Eng. and Scand.) Marshal [O.E.
st(e)allere=O.N. stallart]

In the instance of the Marshal, the
Anglo-Saxon . . Stallere (Comes Stabuli).. .
is seldom designated the 'cyninges hors-
thegn'. Of these stalleres or constables
several are mentioned at the same time,
who in some districts appear as standard-
bearers. The first ot them • had the
highest rank both in the writena-gemfit
and in the field. —

Lapp.-Thorpe, A.-Sax. Kings, ii. 381-

STALLI BRASS
STALLEBRASS
STALLYBRASSJ

(Fr.) mayrepresent a L.Lat.
• *Stalibraci-um, 'Steel Arm',
either as a nickname or
heraldic name; but evidence is lacking
[*L.Lat. stall) of steel, f. Teut. (O.H.Ger.
stahal, jM/=O.N. stdl) + L.Lat. bracium
(Fr. bras), Lat. brachium, an arm]

STALLMAN 1 (Eng.)i Stable-Man, 2 BooTH-

STALMAN J Man [M.E. stal{le, a stall,

stable, place, booth ; O.E. st{e)all, a stall,

stable, place -|- man\

Occ. for Stalmine, q.v.

STALLOM 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Stalhara (Norf. :

STALLON [ 13th cent. 5teZM»», Stalham)=t\i^

STALLUM J Stall - Enclosure [M.E. stal,

O.E. s({e)all, a stall, stable + M.E. ham,

O.E. harn{m, a piece of laud, enclosure]

STALLWOOD (Eng.) app. not a local name,

but an imit. form of Stalwart [O.E.

stal'wyr^e, serviceable]

STALLWORTH ] (Eng.) Stalwart [M.E.
STALLWORTHY J stalworth(,y, stalew(tt)rthe,
etc. ; O.E. sttel-wyr\>e, serviceable]
John le Stalewrthe.— i^MBrf. Rolls.

STALMINE (Scand.) Bel. to Stalmine
(N.Lancs), 13th cent. Stalmyn, Staleminne,
Stalmin, Domesday Stalmin [the second
element is O.N. minni, mynni, mouth (of
a river, valley, etc.) ; in Engl, usage
app. also applied to a junction of roads :
the first element is either O.N. stalli,
(heathen) altar, qx stuU-r^ % staUj

Stamford

183

Standring:

STAMFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Stamford (Lines :
A.-Sax. . Stdnford), Stamford (Bridge)
(Yorks: A.-Sax. Stdnford (Bricg) = tiie
Stone-Ford (i.e. a ford whose passage
was facilitated by stones.)

STAMFORDHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Stamford-
ham (Northumb.), a.d. i 200-1 Stanford-
ham [v. under Stamford, and -H O.E.
ham(m, piece of land, enclosure]

STAMMERS (Eng.) a nickname for a

Stammerer or Stutterer [M.E.

stameren, O.E. stamerian, to stammer]

STAMPER (Eng.) Pounder; Thrasher;
Printer; Minter [M.E. stamper{e\ i.
M.E. stampen, O.E. stempan, to stamp,

pound]
John Stamper. — Hund. Rolls.

STANANOUGHT (Eng.) app. for 'Stand-at-
nought' (a nickname).

STANBERY \ 1 for Stanbury, q.v.
STANBERRY J 2 for Stanborough, q.v.

STANBOROUGH 1 (Eng.) 1 Bel. to Stan-
STANBRA V borough; or Dweller at

STANBROUGH J the Rocky Hill [O.E.

stdn, a stone, rock' + heorh, heorg, ahiVi\
Stdnbeorh and Stdnbeorg (with dative

-beorge and -beorwe) are fairly common in

A^-Sax. charters. Stanborough, Devon,

was Stahberewe a.d. 1312-13.

2 for Stanbury, q.v.

Cp. Stainborough.

STAN BRIDGE (Eng.) Bel. to Stanbridge; or
Dweller at the Stone-BRidge [O.E. stdn

+brycg]

Stanbridge, Beds, was Stanbrigge and
Stanbrugge ia the M.E. period.

STANBURY (Eng.) i Bel. to Stanbury; or
Dweller at the Stone or Rock Fortifi-
cation [O.E. stdn + burh, dat. byrig]

2 for Stan b(o) rough, q.v.

STANGLIFF(E(Eng.) Bel. to Stancliff(e; or

Dweller by the Rocky Cliff [O.E. stdn,

a stone, rock-|-c/«/, clyf]

A Stdnclyf, e.g., occurs in a Wilts
charter dated a.d. 850.

STAN DAG E for Standedge, q.v.

STANDEDGE 1 (Eng.) Dweller at i the Stony
STANDIDGE J or KocKY Edge or Hill-
Ridge [M.E. stan(e, O.E. stdn, a stone,
rock -|- M.E. egge, an edge, (dial.) a hill*
ridge ; O.E. ecg, an edge]

In this case the first d in the name is
the common post-n dental intrusion.

2 the Stone Ditch or Dike [Dial. E.
4itshy a dike, fence ; O.E. dk}

STAN DEN (Eng.) Bel. to Standen; or
Dweller at the Stony or Rocky Valley
[O.E. stdn, a stone, rock + denu, dat. dene,

a valley]

We find 'in stdndene', e.g., in a Wilts
charter dated a.d. 778.

Thomas de Standene. —

Lane. Inq., A.D. 1292.

Confused with Standon, q.v.

STANDERING, v. Standring.

STANDFIELD for Stanfield, q.v.

STANDFORD for Stanford, q.v.

At Standford, Kent, "the ancient Stane
Street crosses a brook".

STANDING I for Stanning, q.v.
(rarely) 2 for Standen, q.v.

STAN DISH (Eng.) Bel. to Standish (Lanes:
14th cent. Standissh, Standisch, 13th cent.
Standische, Stanedisse, \2th ce.xA. Statiedis ;
Glouc. : 14th cent. Standish, Stanedish,
a.d. Sy2 Stanedis (Lat. charter) = the Stony
or Rocky Enclosure or Park [O.E. stdn,
a stone, rock + edisc, an enclosure, park]

The Lane. Standish seems to have
been the more fruitful source of the sur-
name. The famous Miles Standish
carried it to America —

He was a gentlemen born, could trace
his pedigree plainly

Back to Hugh Standish of Duxbury Hall,
in Lancashire, England,

Who was the son of Ralph, and the
grandson of Thurston de Standish. —

Longfellow, The Ctshp. of Miles Standish,

iii. 140-2.

STANDLEY for Stanley, q.v.

STAN DON (Eng.) Bel. to Standon ; or Dweller

at the Rocky Hill [O.E. stdn, a stone,

rock + dun, a hill]

Standon, Herts, was Standuneia a Latin
charter, a.d. 944-6 ; but Standon, Staffs,
ace. to Duignan, wasStantone (cp.Stanton)
in Domesday-Book (this is, however,
prob. an error, as we find a ' Robertus de
Standon' mentioned in conn, with Stan-
don, Staffs, in the Charter-Rolls, a.d. 1283).

Confused with Standen, q.v.

STANDRING (Eng.) Dweller at (prob.) the
Stone Ring or Circle [O.E. stdn +

hring]

Stannering occurs as a Lane, surname
in the 17th cent,

Stanes

184

Stannart

STANES: v. Staines; but there is also a
Lines hamlet, Stane(s, which prob. in-
volves the O.N. steinn 'a stone,' 'rock,'
'stone dwelling.'

STANESBY : v. Stainsby.

STANFIELD (Eng.) Bel. to Stanfield (M.E.

Stanfeld, Slanefeld); or Dweller at the

Stony or Rocky Field or Plain [O.E.

stdn, a stone, rock + feld]

STANFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Stanford; or

Dweller at the Stone (i.e. Paved)- Ford

[O.E. stdn -Vford\

... on Stanford of Stanf orda [dat. case] . . .

(...into Stanford; from Stanford...)

Wore. Land-Charter c. A.D. 757.

Adam de Stanford. — Hund. Rolls.
This name was Latinized de Vado Saxi.
Cp. Stamford.

STANGER(Eng.) i Pole-Dresser or -Maker

[M.E. stang(e, O.E. stang = O.N. stong, a

pole, stake -|- the agent, suff. -ere}

2 Dweller at the Stony or Rocky Gore
[O.E. stdn, a stone, rock -|- gdr(a, a three-
cornered piece of land, a projection]

A land-name Stdngdr is mentioned, in
connexion with Upminster, in a charter
(A.D. io62)oftheConfessor's,'Dipl.Angl.',
P- 395-

Jordan de Staugar. —

Sams. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. 1327.

STANHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Stanhara ; or

Dweller at i the Stone House [O.E.

stdn + hdwi]

2 the Stone or Stony Enclosure or
Piece of Land [O.E. stdn + ham{m\

The 'aet Stanham' of a Latin + A.-Sax.
charter a.d. 932 (' Cart. Sax.' no. 692)
refers to Stoneham, Hants, which is
claimed to be the Roman 'ad Lapidem' ;
and as the Lat. lapis, lapidis, in addition
to its primary meaning, also denoted a
boundary-stone, sepulchral stone, mile-
stone, etc., 'Stoneham' may owe its first
element to a stone of this Kind.

STANHOPE (Eng.) Bel. to Stanhope; or

Dweller at the Stony or Rocky Hope

(Mountain Recess or Hollow) [O.E. stdn,

: a stone, rock ; and v. Hope']

The parish of Stanhope, Durham, 13th
cent. Stanhop, is mostly "rugged and
mountainous."'

STANHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at the Stone
House 10.E. stdn + h^]

STANIER (Eng.) Stone-Worker [M.N.E.
stance (O.E. stdn) -I- the A.-Fr. agent.

suff. -ier}

STANIFORD 1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Stony

STAN I FORTH J or Paved Ford [M.E. stany,

O.E. stdnig + M.E. forth, ford, O.E. ford]

Cp. Stainford, Stainfopth, Stanford.

STANILAND (Eng.) Dweller at the Stony
Land [O.E. stdnig -I- land]

STANISTREET (Eng.) Dweller at the Paved

(usually Roman) Road [O.E. stdnig,slony,

paved 4- street (Lat. strata via), road]

Richard de Stanistretei [place-name
now Stanney Street]. —

Lane Inq., A.D. 1307.

STANK \(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller by the Pool

STANG J [Dial. E. : O.Fr. estang, Lat. stagnant,

a pool of standing water]

STANLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Stanley; or Dweller

at the Stony or Rocky Lea [O.E. stdn,

a stone, rock + ledh (M.E. ley), a lea]

The M.S.E. forms of this common
place-name were Stanleg(h, Stanley{e ; the
M.N.E. forms Stanelegh, Stanelay, Staynley,
etc.

Stanelia Monaster' Stanleya pro

Stanley.— 5ot Chart., A.D. 1203-4.

Stanleg Abbatia Ciscestr' ordinis. —

Rot. Chart., A.D. 1226-7.

The two foregoing entries relate to the
old Cistercian priory at Stanley or
Stanleigh, Wilts.

The Liverpool suburb Stanley owes its
name indirectly to the Staffordshire
Stanley through the great Stanley
family.

This name was usually Latinized de
Pascuo Lapidoso.

STANMER(E (Eng.) Bel. to Stanmer (Suss.),
the A.-Sax. (8th cent.) Stdnmere = the
Stony or Rocky Lake [O.E. stdn, aj
stone, rock -f mere, a lake, pool]

Stanmer is near Palmer, whose mere
still exists.

STANMORE (Eng.) Bel. to Stanmore (M'sex:
Domesday Stanmera, a.d. 793 Stdnmere f
Berks : A.D. 948 Stdnmere) = the Stony or
Rocky Lake [v. under Stanmer(e]

Gt. Stanmore, M'sex, "includes the
district of Stanmore Marsh."

STANNARDl (Teut.) Stone-Hard, Rock-

STANNARTJ Firm [A.-Sax. Stdnh{e)ard=

O.N. Steinhar^-r = O.Ger. Steinhart, etc.:

O.E.i&«« =O.N.ite««« = O.H.Ger. stein -

Stanney

185

Staple

Goth. stain-s= O.Sa.x. stin, a stone, rock

, + O.E. h{e)ard = O.N. har^-r = O.H.Ger.

hart = Goth, hardu-s = O.Sax. hard, hard,

firm]

Stanard-us occurs in both Domesday
and the Hundred-Rolls, the latter having
also Stannard and Stonhard.

STANNEY (Eng.) Bel. to Stanney (Chesh.:
Domesday Staiiei); or Dweller at i the
Stony, or Rocky Island or Waterside
[O.E. stdn, a stone, rock+i^, island, etc.]

(occ.) 2 the Stony or Rocky Hey or
Hay (Enclosure) [O.E. ge)hwg, haga]

STANNIFORD = Staniford, q.v.

STANNING (Scand.) Bel. to Staining (N.

Lanes), 13th cent. Staning, Staynyng,

Stayning, Stenenge = the Stony or Rocky

Meadow [O.N. steinn (O.E. stdn), a stone,

rock + eng (O.N.E. ing), a meadow]

Adam de Staning. —

Lane. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1246.

STANNINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Stannington
(Northumb. : 13th and 14th cent. Staning-
ton; Yorks)=the Estate of the StAn-
Family [A.-Sax. *Stdninga'-tun—stdn,
stone, rock, precious stone ; -inga, genit.
pi. of the fil. suff. -jn^ + t»i«, estate,

farm, etc.]

STANNISTREET = Stanistreet, q.v.

STAN N US (Eng. and Scand.) Dweller at the

Stone House [O.E. stdn = O.N. steinn

+ O.E. O.N. hAs'\

STANSBIE1 _e+„:„.h» n„
STANSBY I =Stain8by, q.v.

STANSFELD \ (Eng.) Bel. to Stansfield

STANSFIELD / (Yorks: Domesday Stanesfelt ;

Suff.: 14th cent. Slansfeld, 13th cent.

Stanesfeld) = Stan's Field [O.E. stdn,

genit. stones, stone, rock, precious stone +

feld, field, plain]

STAN STEAD! (Eng.) Bel. to Stanstead,

STANSTEO J Stansted = the Stone or

Rock Place [O.E. stdn + stede'\

Stansted, Essex, was Stanstede in the

13th cent., Stansted in the 14th cent. ;

Stanstead, Herts, was Stan{e)stede in

Domesday-Book, Stansted in the 13th and

14th cent. ; but Stanstead, Kent, Stansted

in the 14th cent., was Stdnhdmstede [O.E.

hdm, a dwelling] in the 9th cent.

STANTON (Eng.) Bel. to Stanton = i the
Stone DwELLmG(s.

2 the Dwelling(s or Farmstead by the

Stone(s or RocK(s [O.E. stdn, . stone,

rock + (tin, farmstead, etc.]

StdntUn occurs fairly frequently in deeds
of the A.-Saxon period : in Latin charters
typically " in loco qui dicitur Stantun "
(without vowel-marks) ; in A.-Saxon docu-
ments "ssiStdntiine" (dat. case). Stanton is
the usual form in the i3th-cent. Hundred-
Rolls. At Stanton-Drew, Soms., are "circles
of large stones" ; at Stanton-Harcourt,
Oxon, are "a number of large stones called
the Devil's Coits"; and in descriptions of
several of our Stantons particular mention
is made of stone-quarries.

STANWAY (Eng.) Bel. to Stanway; or Dweller
at the Stone or Paved (often Roman)
Road [13th and 14th cent. stanwey{e', O.E.

stdn weg\
Stanway, Glouc, on a Roman way, is
referred to in an A.-Saxon charter c. a.d.
800 ('Cart. Sax.' no. 299) as "on ealdan
stdnwege" (&iA. case) — "on to the oXAstone
way"; Stanway, Essex, also on a Roman
road, occurs in an A.-Sax. will c. a.d. 972
('Dipl. Angl.', p. 522) as "aet Stdnwegun",
where -un represents the dat. pi. suff. -urn.

STANWICK (Eng.) Bel. to Stanwick (North-
ants : 13th cent. Stanewig ; Yorks : Domes-
day Steinuege, Stenuueghe) = the Stone or
Paved Road [O.E. stdn (= O.N. steinn) +
O.E. weg (= O.N. ueg-r, Goth, wig-s^
'Stanwick' is therefore a Northern
(guttural) form of Stanway, q.v.

The Yorks place is "on the Roman way
from Catterick."

The Northants place occurs as Stane-
ivigge in a charter ('Cart. Sax.' no. 22) which
is dated a.d. 664 but which (even if genuine)
is evidently a copy made centuries later.

STANWIX is for Stanwicks, a pi. form of
Stanwick, q.v.

Stanwix, Cumb. (14th cent. Staymvikes),
is on a Roman way and near a Roman
station.

STAPLE (Eng. and A.-Fr.-Teut.) Bel. to
Staple ; or Dweller at a Pillar or Post,
hence a Market or Fair-Place [O.E.
stapol, a pillar, post, etc. ; also O.Fr.
estaple, a fair, market, borr. f. L.Ger.
stapel: cp. Dut. stapelhuis, staple-house,
staple ; stapelrharkt, staple-market ; stapel-
plaats, staple-town, emporium : (High)
Ger. stapel, a post, staple, pile, market, is
borr. f. L.Ger.; the cognate High Ger.
staffel (O.H.Ger. staffat) meaning a step,

etc.]

Robert atte Staple.—

Close Rolls, A.D. 1277.

The French place-name Etaples (Pas-
de-Calais) is pron. locally exactly like Fr.
e<ape(a storehouse), thentod. form of O.Fr,
(Staple,

Stapleford

i86

Startup

STAPLEFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Stapleford (a
common E. local name),the M.E. Stapelford,
O.E. Stapolford = the Staple-Ford (i.e. a
ford which was marked out or otherwise
facilitated by staples or posts) [v. under

Staple]

STAPLER (Eng.) Dealer Iv. under Staple,
and + the E. agent, sulf. -e)r]

The corresp. Fr. etapieris now a military
term for a "distributor of rations."

STAPLES, pi., and genit., of Staple, q.v,

STAPLETON (Eng.) Bel. to Stapleton, the
M.E. Stapleton, Stapelton, Stapilton, O.E.
StapoltUn = the Staple-Enclosure (i.e.
the enclosure — with dweUing(s — fenced in
by posts) [O.E. stapol, a post, pillar, etc.. +
tiin, enclosure, etc.]

The Leic. Stapleton occurs as Stapelton
in a late copy of a Latin charter dated
A.D. 833. The West-Riding Stapleton is
Stapletone in Domesday-Book ; but the
North-Riding Stapleton occurs therein as
Stapledun [O.E. dun, a hill]
Robertus de Stapleton.—

Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1254-5.
Nicholas de Stapelton. —

Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.
Bryan de Stapilton. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

Cp. , Staple ; but none of the various
Stapletons is a market-town.

STAPLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Stap(e)ley; or Dweller

at the Staple-Lea [v. under Stapleton,

and + O.E. ledh, meadow]

Ada de Stappeleg [referred to in conn,
with Stapleg]. — Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1200-1.
Roger de Stapelye. —

Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1374.

STARBECK 1 (Scand.) Bel. to Starbeck

STARBOCK (Yorks) = the Sedgy Brook

STARBUCK [O.N. storr (Dan.-Norw.

stcergt?BS, Swed. starrgras), sedge + bekk-r,

brook]

The mutated form Starbok (like Tarbock
for Torbeck), found as early as 1379, is due
to the lack of stress in the second element.

STARE (Eng. and Scand.) a nickname from

the Starling [O.E. star=0.1i: star{r)i

(Dan.-Norw. stter, Swed. stare), starling]

The false lapwyng, ful of trecherye ;
The stare, that the counseyl can
be-wrye. —
Chaucer, Parlement of Foules, 347-8.
Cp. Stftip and Starp.

STARES, Stare's (Son).

STARK \ (Eng. and Scand.) Strong, Stern,

STARKE J Severe [M.E. stark(e, O.E. st(e)arc

= 0.N. sterk-r (Dan.-Norw. stark]

For, God be thanked, I dar make kvaunt

1 feele my lymes [limbs] stark and
sufSsaunt

To do al that a man bilongeth to. —

Chaucer, Cant. Tales, E 1457-9.

STARKEY \ = Stark (q.v.) -|- the E. dim.
STARKIE J suff. -e)y, -ie.

STARKIES, Starkie's (Son).

STARKMAN = Stark (q.v.) + man.

William Sta.rcmaxi.'— Hund. Rolls.

STARKS, Stark's (Son) : v. Stark.

STARLING (Eng.) i a nickname from the
Starling [M.E. sterling, O.E. starling, m.,
— star, starling -f- the (double) dim. suff.

-ling]

2 V. Sterling.

Starling. — Domesday-Book.
William Starling. — Hund. Rolls-
Cp. Stare.

(Scand.) Bel. to Starling (Lanes, Cumb.,

etc.) [app. N. and East. Dial. E. star{e (v.

under Starmore), sedge, bent-grass +

E. ling, O.N. lyng, heath]

STARMER for Starnfiore, q.v.

STARMORE (Scand.) Bel. to Starmore (Leic.)
= the Sedgy Moor [O.N. stdrr (Dan.-
Norw. stargrzss, Swed. storrgras), sedge

-I- mdr]

STARN = Stern, q.v.

STARNS = Sterns, q.v.

STARR (Eng.) i Dweller at the sign of the
Star [M.E. sterre, O.E. steorra]

2 = Stare, q.v.

STARRS, pi., and genit., of Starr.

START (Eng.) Dweller at a Tail or Tongue
of Land [O.E. steort]

Cp. Stort.

STARTIN for Starton, q.v.

STARTON (Eng.) Bel. to Starton (Warw.),
i2th and 13th cent. Staverton [v.Staverton]

STARTUP (Eng.) i Dweller at the Start-
Hope [v. under Start and Hope]
Andrew Startup tenanted Startup (1737).
—Hodgson, Hist Northumb., ii, (183a) 467,

Statham

187

Steeds

2 Upstart [f. M.E. stetien, O.E. *steart-

Xi)cm (conn, with O.E. steartlian, to

stumble), to start: cp. Dut. storten and

Ger. sturzen + M.E. up, O.E. up]

Upon my life, his marriage with that

start-up. . .. —

R. Brome, Queen andConcub., H. i. ;

T. Wright.

STATHAM 1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Staith-

STATHOM J Enclosure [E. staith{e, a wharf,

landing-place ; O.E. stetS, a bank, shore

+ -ham, O.E. ham{m, an enclosure, piece

of land]
John de Statham. —

Hund. Rolls (Camb.), A.D. 1274.
Elizabeth Stathome.^ —

Lane. Fines, A.D. 1544.

STATON (Eng.) DweUer at the Staith En-
closure or Farm [v. under Statham,
and + O.E. tun]

A Stayton is mentioned in conn, with the
Abbot of Barlings (Lines) in the Charter-
Rolls A.D. 1315-16.

STAUGHTON, like Stoughton, a form of
Stockton, q.v.

STAUNTON (Eng.) Bel. to Staunton, a var. of
Stanton, q.v.

Staunton Wyville, Leic, is also called
Stonton ; Staunton-on-Arrow, Heref., was
Stdntiin A.D. 958 ; Staunton, Notts, was
Stanton in Domesday-Book.

Staunton is the usual i3th-cent spelling
of this name.

STAVELEY ] (Eng.) Bel. to Staveley, Stavely

STAVELY \ = the Stave-Lea (i.e. a meadow

STAVLEY J fenced with staves or stakes)

[O.E. stcef+ledh (M.E. le{y, lay]

Staveley, Derby, and Staveley, Yorks,
were Stavele andStaveley inthe 14th cent.;
Stavely, Westmd., was Stavele ('in
Kendale') A.D. 1335; Staveley, Lanes,
occurs as Stavele and Stavelay in the 13th
cent.

STAVE RTON (Eng.) Bel. to Staverton (Glouc.
and Wilts : I3th-i4th cent, same spelling ;
Northts. : a.d. 944 Steefer ttin ('Cart. Sax',
no. 792).

[As most of the Stavertons are in the
West, the p\., stafir, of O.N. staf-^ ( =
O.E. 5to/), staff, stave, post, can hardly
come into question (in any case we should
expect the genit. pi. stafa, not the nom.);
the first element does not seem to be a
pers, name; and it is app. merely a
ptaooetically extended form of O.E. sttrf

(v. under Staveley, and cp. the Yorks
slaver, 'a hedge-stake') -t- O.E. tiin, en-
closure, farmstead]

STAW(E, a var. of Stow(e, q.v.

STAYNER = Stainer, q.v.

ST. CLAIR : V. under Sinclair.

STEAD \ (Eng.) Dweller at a Farmstead

STEADE J [Prov. E. stead, 'a farmhouse and

offices' ; M.E. O.E. stede, a place (=Dut.

and Scand. stad, a town]

Richard de Stede. — '

Lane. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1275-6.
Ricardus del Stede.—

Yoris Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

There are occ. dialectal variations of
the signification given above, e.g. — •

" Stead : an unenclosed plot on a
mountain or common on which certain
parties have defined rights . . .". —

Cumberl. Gloss., p. 94.

STEADMAN : v. under Stead, and -1- man.
John le Stedman. —

Pari. Writs, A.D. 1306.
STEAL = Steel, q.v.

STEAN(E (Teut.) i Bel. to Stean(e or Stene

(Northants) =the Stone" (Rock, or Stone

Castle) [O.E. stckn = O.N. steinn = Dut.

steen, Fris. stien = Ger. stein]

Cp. the Glouc. place-name Steanbridge.

2 the A.-Sax. pers. name Stmn = O.N.

Steinn (Domesday Sten) [etym. as']

STEAR = Steep, q.v.

STEARN = Stern, q.v.

STEARNS = Sterns, q.v.

STEAVENS = Stephens, q.v.

STEAVENSON = Stephenson, q.v.

STEBBING (Eng.) Bel. to Stebbing (Essex),
14th cent. Stebbing, 13th cent. Stebing =
(prob.) the Stubby Lea [O.E. stybb, a
tree-stump -t- O.East.E. «k^ (O.N. e/j^'), a

meadow]

STEBBIN(G)S, pi., and genit., of Stebbing.
STEDMAN = Steadman, q.v.
STEED (Eng.) i = Stead, q.v.

2 a nickname from the Stallion [O.E. '

stidd]
STEEDMAN = Steadman, q.v.

STEEDS. pl„ and genit,, of steedi q.v,

i88

Steel

Stephenson

STEEL "I (Eng.) i a pers. name and nick-

STEELE J name from the metal [O.E. st$U,

stieU = O.N. stdl, steel]

Robert StAc—Hund. Rolls.

With that great campion Gray Steill
[var. Steel].— Sir Gray Steill, 2789.

3 Dweller by a Stile [North. E. steel, a
stile ; O.E. stiget]

"Steel, pr. of stile".—

Dial, of Lonsdale (ii. Lanes), p. 80.

STEELS, genit., and pi., of Steel.

ItIene}' = Stean(e,q.v.

2 a syncopated form of Stephen, q.v.

STEENIE = Steen» + the E. dim. sufi. -ie.

Stephen Smith's been paying his
daughter Nan . . .
Now if Steenie Smith . . .

Line. Rhyme ; Halliwell, p. 798.

STEENSON, Steen's Son : v. Steeti.

STEENSTRAND (Eng. or Scand.) Dweller at

the Stony or Rocky Shore [O.E. sttkn=

O.N. steinn, a stone, rock + O.E. strand

= O.N. strond]

STEEPLE (Eng.) Dweller by a Steeple or
Tower [O.E. stiepel, a tower]

As is well known, the tower of a church
was sometimes detached from the main
structure.

STEER 1 (Eng.) a nickname and sign-name

STEEREJ from theOx[O.E. st^or: cp. Dut.

and Ger. stier, a bull]

STEERS, Steer's (Son).

STEEVE, a dim. of Steph^n, q.v.

STEEVENS = Stephens, q.v.

STEEVES, Steeve's (Son) : v. Steeve.

STEGGALL (Scand.) Dweller at (app.) the

Steg-Slofe [Dial. E. and Scot, steg, (i)

a gander, (2) a stag ; O.N. steggi, a male

bird + O.N. hall-r, a slope]

STEIN-: V. the Appendix of Foreign Names
for such Ger. names as Steinbach, 'Stony
or Rocky Brook' ; Steinberg, 'Rocky Hill'.

STEINFORTH, a var. of Stainfopth, q.v.

[with the first element influenced by
O.N. steinn, a stone, rock]

Corresponding to the Ger. Steinfurt.

STELFOX (Eng.) a nickname from the pre-
datory animal [the first element is app. f.
M.E. stelen, to steal, go stealthily; O.E.
Stefan + M.E. Q,E.fox\

This specif. Lane, and Chesh. surname
is found in those counties with the same
spelling in the i6th cent.

STELLA (Eng.) Bel. to Stella (Durh.) anc.

Stellinglei, app. repr. an A.- Sax.

*Ste(a)llittga-ledh = the Lea of the

Ste(a)ll- Family [-inga, genit. pi. of the

fil. suff, -ing]

STEMBRIDGE for Stanbpldge, q.v.

There is a Stembridge in co. Glamorgan.

STEMSON for Stenson, q.v.

STENHOUSE (Eng. and Scand.) Dweller at
the Stone-House [O.E. stckn = O.N.
steinn (Dan.-Norw. ste;0 + OE. O.N. hiis]

STENNETT, a double dim. of Stephen, q.v.
[Fr. dim. suff. -et"]

STENNING (Eng.) i the A.-Sax. Stckning =
ST.ffi:N's Son [O.E. stttn, stdn, a stone,
rock -f the fil. suff. -ing}
2 V. Steyning.

STENNINGS, Stenning's (Son).
STENSON (Eng.) i = Steenson, q.v.

2 Bel. to Stenson (Derby) the Domesday

Steintune = (app.) Stan's Farm or Estate

[the genit. of O.E. stAn, stdn= O.N. steinn,

a stone, rock -f- tin]

STENT (Eng.) Dweller at an Allotment or
Pasturage [Dial. E. stent, stint (Cumbd.
Gloss., 'a cattle-grass') ; f. Ei stint, to limit]

STENTON fEng. or Scand.) Bel. to Stenton
= the Stone or Rock Dwelling(s or
Farmstead [O.E. stdkn — O.N. steinn
(Dan.-Norw. sten), a stone, rock + O.E.

O.N. /«'«]
Stenton, Haddington, was Steinton,
c. 1 150.
Cp. Stanton.

STEPHEN (Gr.) Crown or Wreath [Gr.
"ZritpaviK, whence Lat. (and A.-Sax.)

Stephanus]
...se forma c^Sere Stephanus
(...the proto-martyr StephetC). —

Mlfric's Homilies ('Dom. Sept'.)

Seinte Stefne i)>olede [suffered] be
stones. —

Ancren Riwle ('Wrej>|>e').
Sir Lancelott and Sr Steven bold. —

Marr. of Sir Gawaine (Fragmt.)

STEPHENS, Stephen's (Son) 1 _. ,.
STEPHENSON, Stephen's Son / ^Stephen.

Gilbert fil. Stephani. —

Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.
Richard Stephenes. —

Sows. Subs. Roll, A.D. 1327.

5tepkin

189

Steyning

8TEPKIN, a double dim. of Stephen, q.v.
[E. dim. suff. -kin, O.L.Teut. -k-in]

STEPNEY (Eng.) Bel. to Stepney (M'sex).
14th cent. Stebenhethifi, 13th cent. Steben-
hith, Domesday Stebenhede [The second
element is no doubt for O.E. hS>S, a land-
ing-place, harbour, (not for kdiS, a heath),
as in the case of 'Lambeth' ; and the first
element prob. represents the adj. form of
a var. of O.E. stybb, a tree-stump (the
haven app. had tree-stumps as mooring-

posts]

'Stepney' seemingly began to be used
for earlier 'Stepnetn' c. 1600.

The ancient importance of Stepney as
a haven is suff. attested by the fact that
all children born at sea in English vessels
were supposed to belong parochially to
Stepney.

STEPTO(E \ (Eng.) app. not local names but

STEPTOW J nicknames relating to gait (early

forms not found) [f. O.E. steppan, to step

+ td, a toe]

STERK (Scand.) Strong, Stern, Severe

[O.N. sterk-r]
Cp. Stark.

(Eng.) for Stipk, q.v.

STERLING (Eng.) i nickname from the

former coin so called [M.E. sterling ; perh.

= starling : v. under Starling]

(occ.) 2 for Stapling (q.v.) through the
pron. Starling.
(Celt.) for^tirling. q.v. /

STERN 1 (Eng.) Austere, Severe [M.E.
STERNE / Sterne, O.E. stieme, styme'\

Henry Sterne. — Hund. Rolls.

(Sc^nd.) Star (a sign-name) [Dan.-
Norw. stieme, O.N. stiarna, a star]

But the name in our directories is fre-
quently the Ger. Stem = Star.

STERNS, Stern's (Son).

STERRY (Teut.) Big, Strong, Stout [M.E.
stere, app. f. the compar., stceri, ot O.N.
st6rr{= O.H.Ger. stiurt), bi& powerful;
or an O.E. cognate (allied to E. steer, O.E.
stior, a bullock) + the E. dim. suff. -y]
iCp. Storry.
STERT = Start, q.v.
STEUART = Stewart, q.v.
STEVEN = Stephen, q.v.

STEVENS, Steven's (Son) \ etaohen
STEVENSON, Steven's Son/ '• "^^Pien.

Thomas Stevenson. —

Yorks PfiU-Tax, A.D. 1379.

STEVENTON (Eng.) Bel. to Steventon or Ste-
vington (Berks : 14th cent. Styvington,
13th cent. Styvintott, Stivinton, Domesday
Stivetune ; Beds : 13th cent. Stivinton,
Domesday Stiventone ; Hants : 14th cent.
Stivington) = the Estate of the StIf-
Family [A.Sax. *Stifinga-tiin — st!f, stifi,
rigid, hard, prob. fig. (as with the cog-
nate Dan.-Norw. stiv), inflexible, stub-
born + -inga, genit. pi. of the fll. suff. -ing
+ tun, estate, farmstead, etc^

Steventon, nr. Abingdon, Berks, is prob.
the same place (with changed land-ele-
ment) as the Stifinge-hame referred to in
a grant to Abingdon Abbey by King
Eadgar in 964 (' Cart. Sax.' no. 1142).

STEVERSON for Steveson, q.v.

STEVESON, Steve's Son: Steve, a dim. of
Stephen, q.v.

STEWARD \ (EngO Seneschal ; lit. and orig.

STEWART J Sty-Ward [M.E. styward, sti-
ward, steward, stuard, etc. ; O.E. stiw(e)ard
(= O.N. st(uar^S-r) — stigu, sty, animal-
enclosure -I- w(e)ard, guardian, keeper]

Hugh le Stivfard.— Hund. Rolls.

But, shortly, from the castel on a nyght.
The lordes styward, — God yeve [give]

him meschance 1 — ...
Came into the ship allone. —

Chaucer, Cant. Tales, B 913-16.

Schyr Eduuard, that had sic valour,
Wes ded, and Johne Steward alsua. —
Barbour, The Bruce, xviii. 108-9.

It was not till after several generations
that the Fitz-Walters and Fitz-Alans took
that name [Stewart], destined to become
so illustrious, from their office of steward
of the royal household. —

C. Innes, Some Scotch Surnames, p. 34.

In the baptismal registers of St.
James's, Clerkenwell, a.d. 1723-5, the
same parents are called both Steward and
Stewart.

STEWARDSON, Steward's SonI v. Ste-
STEWARTSON, Stewart's Son/ ward,
Stewart.

STEWIN, a Scot, form of Stephen, q.v.

Sanct Stcwin and his tormentouris. —
Burgh Reeds. Aberdeen, A.D. 1531.

STEYNING (Eng.) Bel. to Steyning (Suss.),

the A.-Sax. Staningas (K. iElfred'sWill: 'set

Steeningum ' (dat.) = (the Estate of the)

ST.EN- Family [O.E. stdsn, stdn, a stone,

rock -t- the pi. of thefil. suff. -ing^

sticker

190

Stirrup

STICKER (Eng.) (Pig-) Killer [M.E. stikkere ',

f. O.E. stician {— Dan.-Norw. stikke), to

stick, kill (pigs, etc.]

John le Stikkere. —

Soms. Stibs. Roll, A.D. 1327.

STICKFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Stickford; or
Dweller at the Stick-Ford (i.e. a ford
whose passage was marked out or other-
wise facilitated by sticks or stakes) [O.E.
sticca (= O.N. stika), a stick, stake +ford]

STICKLAND (Eng.) Bel. to Stickland ; or

Dweller at the Steep Land [West. Eng.

stickle, O.E. sticol, steep, nigh + land]

Stickland, Soms., is, like Sticklepath,
nr. Watchet.

STICKLEPATH (EngJ Bel. to Sticklepath ; or
Dweller at the Steep Path [West. E.
stickle, O.E. rfjco/, steep, high + O.E./xztS]

There are villages called Sticklepath in
Somerset and Devon.

, STICKLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Stickley; or Dweller

at I the Stick-Lea (i.e. a meadow fenced

in by sticks or stakes) [O.E. sticca(=0,'S.

stika), a stick, stake -|- ledh]

2 the Steep Lea [West. E. stickle, O.E.
sticol, steep, high -|- O.E. ledh]

A Sticlegh, Sticcle, is mentioned in a
Soms. Subsidy-Roll a.d. 1327.

STIOKNEY (Eng. or A.-Scand.) Bel. to
Stickney (Lines), i6th cent, same spelling
[O.E. {(e)g = O.N. ey, island, waterside :
the first element is app. an oblique (genit.
pi.) form of O.E. sticca = O.N. stika, a
stick, stake, pile]

STIFF (Eng.) Stiff, Hard, Firm, Strong,
Proud [M.E. stififi, O.E. stif = Dan.-
Norw. stiv = Dut. stijf]
John Stiie.—Hund. Rolls.

STIGAND (Scand.) Mounting [O.N. Stigand

(Mod. Norw. Stiand), f. the pres. part, of

stiga, to mount, ascend]

Stigand was perh. the most famous
name ecclesiastically in iith-cent.
England. It occurs in Domesday-Book in
this form.

Gervase fil. Stigandi. —

Pipe-Rolls, A.D. ti6o.

STIGGI N, a weak Anglicized form of Stigand,
q.v.

STIGGINS, Stiggin's (Son).

STILE (Eng.) Dweller at a Stile [Q.E. stiget]

John atte Stile.— /f«»rf. Rolls.

STILEMAN = Stile (q.v.) -I- E. man.

STILES, pi., and genit., of Stile, q.v.

STILL (Eng.) i Silent, Quiet, Gentle [M.E.

O.E. stille]

Walter StiWe.—Hund. Rolls.

(occ.) 2 a weak form of Steel, q.v.

STILLINGFLEET (Eng.) Bel. to Stilling-
fleet (Yorks), i4tncent. Stilyngflete, Domes-
day Steflingeflet, A.-Sax. *Stifelinga-fliot=
the Stream of the Stifel Family [the
pers. name is f. (with suff. -et) O.E. stif,
bard, firm, inflexible -f -inga, genit. pi. of
the fil. suff. -ing H- fl^ot, a stream, water]

STILLINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Stillington

(Yorks), Domesday Stivelinctun, A.-Sax.

*Stifelinga-tiin = the Estate of the

Stifel Family [v. under Stillingfleet,

and -I- O.E. tun, estate, farm, etc.]

As Stillingfleet and Stillington are
both in the vicinity of York the connexion
is doubtless with the same A.-Sax. pro-
prietors.

STILLMAN = Still (q.v.) + E. man.

STILLWELL1 (Eng.) Dweller at the CoN-
STILWELL Jstant Spring (one not in-
termittent) [O.E. stille, constant, etc.
-f w(i)ella, a spring]

ItImSOn'^}^"'^ Stinson, Steenson, q.v.

STINSON, V. Steenson.

STIRK "[(Eng.) a nickname (or sign-name)
STIRKE J from the Bullock or Heifer [O.E.

styric\
(Scand.) conf. with Sterk, q.v.

STIRLAND (Eng.) Dweller at the Steer-
Pasture [O.E. stSor (= Dut. stier), a steer,

ox 4- land]

STIRLING (Celt.) Bel. to Stirling, 16th cent.
Striveling, isth cent. Striviling, 13th cent.
Estrevelyn, Estrivelin, 12th cent. Strivilen,
not improb. repr. a Cymric *Ystrefelyn,
Yellow House [Cym. ystre(f, a dwell-
ing +Jelyu, mutated form oimelyn, yellow]

In Strivelingschire is the toun of
Striveling. —

Boece, Scot. Hist., tr. Bellenden.
(Eng.) conf. with Sterling, q.v.

STIRRIP (Eng.) Bel. to Styrrup (Notts),

STIRR0Pti4th cent. Sterappe, Styrop, 13th

STIRRUP) cent. Stirap (for Stirop) = ihc

Steer-Hope [v. steer and Hope]

Stirsaker

igx

Stockport

STIRSAKER ] (Eng.) Dweller at (the)

STIRZACKER ^ Steer's Field [the genit.

STIRZAKER J of O.E. st^or = O.N. stlorr, a

steer, ox + O.E. acer = O.N. akr, a field]

Stirzaker, N. Lanes, was Styresacre
A.D. 1443, Steresaker a.d. 1379, Steres-
acre a.d. 1332.

STITT (Eng.) app. a weakened form of O.E.
s<i> = Strong, Hard.

STIVE (Eng.) Stiff, Strong, Hard [O.E.

stif]

STIVENS, a weak form of Stevens, Stephens,
q.v.

St. JOHN, an Anglicized form of the common

French eccles. place-name St. Jean — anc.

St. Jehati [v. John]

STOATE 1 „. .. „„
STOATT ; =Stott,q.v.

STOBART 1

STOBBARD \ = StUbbard, q.v.

STOBBART J

STOBB = Stubb, q.v. [cp. Dut. stobbe, a

stump, trunk]

STOBBS = Stubbs, q.v.

STOCK (Eng.) i Dweller by a (conspicuous)

Tree Stump or Trunk ; or a Post or

Pillory [M.E. stockfe, stokk, etc., O.E.

stoc(c = O.N. stokkr]

William de la Stocke. —

Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.
Hen. del Stock.—

iMttc. Inq., A.p. 1323.
Jordan atte Stokk. —

Soms. Subs. Roll, A.D. 1327.
Reginald atte Stocke. —

Close Rolls, A.D. 1330.
And Scarlette he was flyinge a-foote
Fast over stocke and stone. —
' Robin Hood and Guy of Gisborne',
S7-8 ; Percy's Religues.
Occ. the name may represent an old
dat. pi. : cp. the ' on stoccum ' of a Soms.
charter A.D. 963 ('C.S.' no. 1116).

2 occ. conf. with Stoke, q.v.

See Stocks ; and the note under
Stockton.

STOCKBRIDGE (Eng.) Bel. to Stockbridge

(Hants : 14th cent. Stockbrigg, 13th cent.

Stocbrigge, Stokebrigg ; Yorks : 14th cent.

Stokbrig' ; etc.) = the Log-Bridge [O.E.

stoc(c, trunk, log, etc. + brycg'\

William de Stokynbryg.—

Lane. Fines, hS, 1370.

STOCK DALE (Ena and Scand.) Bel. to

Stockdale (yorks, Westmd., etc.) = the

Tree-Stump Valley [O.E. stoc(c = O.N.

stokk-r, a tree-stump, trunk, log -|- O.E.

dal = O.N. dal-r, a valley]

One of the Yorks Stockdales was
Stokdale in the 14th cent.

There is a Stockdalewath [O.N. wa'S,
a ford] in Cumberland.

STOCKEN, a M.E. pi. form of Stock, q.v.

STOCKER (Eng.) i = Stock (q.v.) + the
agept. suff. -er.

(later) 2 a Grubber-Up (of tree-stumps)
[Dial. E. stock, to grub or root up]

3 conf. with Stoker, q.v,
Elena le Stocker. —

Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.
Walter Stokker.—

Inq. ad q. Damn., c. A.D. 1440.

STbCKFORD \ (Eng.) Dweller at a Log or

STOCKFORTH J Stump Ford (a ford whose

passage was facilitated by logs or stumps)

[O.E. stoc(c+/o»-i]

STOCK HAM (Eng.) Bel. to Stockham (13th
cent. Stockham); or Dweller at the Tree-
Stump or Trunk Enclosure [O.E. stoc{c

+ ham{ni\

STOCKIN, I for Stocken, q.v.
2 for Stocking, q.v.

STOCKING (Eng. and Scand.) Bel. to Stocking

(13th cent. Stocking) ; or Dweller at the

Tree-Stump or Trunk Meadow [O.E.

stoc{c = O.N. stokk-r -\- O.E. ing = O.N.

eng, a meadow]

STOCKINGS, genit., and pi., of Stocking.

STOCKLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Stockley (i3th-i4th

cent. Stockley(e, Stoklegh, etc.) ; or Dweller

at the Tree-Stump or Trunk Lea [O.E.

stoc{c + ledK\

Stockley and Stock, Calne, Wilts, are

referred to in the same Inq. ad q. Damn.,

A.D. 1445-8, as Stockley and Stocke.

Cp. Stokeley.

STOCKMAN (Eng.) = Stock (q.y.) -f- man.

STOCKPORT (Eng.) Bel. to Stockport
(Chesh.), 13th cent. Stokport, Stockeport,
i2th cent. Stokeport [O.E. stoc(c, a log,
beam, post, etc. -1- O.E. port, a town, by
extension from port (Lat. porta), a (city)

g*te1
See Stopfopd.

stocks

192

Stonehewer

STOCKS, pi., and genit., of Stock, q. v.

He swor her this, by stokkes and by
stones. —

Chaucer, Trail. & Cris., iii. 589-

And all about old stockes and stubs of
trees. —

Spenser, Faerie Queene, I. ix. 34,.

STOCKTON (Eng.) Bel. to Stockton, 13th.
14th cent. Stockton, Stokton, Stocton, Domes-
day Stochetun, etc., A.-Sax. Stoctiin = the
Tree-Stump or Trunk, or Log-Fenced,
Enclosure [O.E. stoc{c + tun\

Stockton is not so common a surname
as the prevalence of the place-name
would lead us to expect ; hence it is prob.
that in some cases the pers. 'Stockton'
has been cut down to 'Stock' : v. Stock.

STOCKUM for Stockhann, q.v.

STOCKWELL (Eng.) Bel. to Stockwell, 13th-
14th cent. StokwellU, A.-Sax. StocwyU{a =
the Well by the 'rREE-STUMP(s ; or the
Log-Fenced Well [O.E. stoc(c + wyll{a,

wielKa]

IToDAR? ) (Eng-) Horsekeeper [M.E.
STODDARD [ •S""'*''-*. et=- i OE. stM, stud,
o-rXr>r\AD-r I herdof horses -|- hierde, heorde,
ItSSSaRt) herd, keeper]

Walter Stodhirde.— Par/. Writs.

For the vowel-change in the surnames
cp. Hardwick.

There has prob. been some confusion
with Stothard, q.v.

Cp. Studdapd.

STOGDEN (Eng.) Dweller at the Stock or
Tree-Stump Valley [O.E. stoc(c + denu]

The voiced -g- for -c- (-k-) is due to the
influence of the following voiced letter -d-.

Conf. with the next name.

STOGDON (Eng.) Dweller at the Stock or
Tree-Stump Hill [O.E. stoc{c + dUn]
Conf. with the preceding name.

STOKE (Eng.) i Bel. to Stoke, M.E. Stok(e,
O.E. Stdc (' set Stdce ' — dat.) = the Dwel-
ling-Place, Village [O.E. stic; conn,
with O.E. stoc(c, a stock, trunk, log, etc.]

Petrus de Stok (Kent).—

Charter-Rolls. A.D. 1*04-5.
Baldewin de Stoke (Suff.) —

Hand. Rolls, A.D. 1274.
Prepositus de Stoke (Soms.) —

Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1421-2,

2 conf, with Stock, q.v.

STOKELEY \ (Eng.) i Bel. to Stokeley ; or
STOKELY J Dweller at the Stoke-Lea [v.
under Stoke, and -f M.E. ley, O.E. ledKl
2 conf. with Stockley, q.v,

STOKER (Eng.) i = Stoke (q.v.) -|- the E.
agent, suff. -er.

2 conf. with Stockep, q.v.

(Dut.) Fire-Tender [Dut. stoker'\

STOKES (Eng.) i pi., and genit., of Stoke, q.v.
2 conf. with Stocks, q.v.

Petrus de Stokes (Kent). —

Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1203-4.
Robert de Stokes (Oxon). —

Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.

Gair de Stokes.—

Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1317-18.
William Stokes. —

MSS. D. and C. Wells, A.D. 1490.
John Stokys, alias Stokes. —

Lane. Fines, A.D. 1550-1.

STOLLARD = Stallard, q.v.

STOMBRIDGE for Stonbridge, Stanbridge,

q.v.

STONARD = Stannard, q.v.

STONBRIDGE = Stanbridge, q.v.

STONE (Eng.) Bel. to Stone ; or Dweller at a
Stone (Obelisk, etc.), Rock, or Stone
Castle [M.E. ston(e, stan{e, O.E. stdn\
John de la Stone— Hund. Rolls.
Stone, Staffs, occurs in the 13th cent,
freq. as both Stane and Stanes; Stone,
Wore, was Stanes in Domesday-Book
and in the 13th cent.; so that 'Stone'
must sometimes be interpreted with
plural significance.

STONECLOUGH (Eng.) Dweller in or by a

Stony or Rocky Hollow [O.E. stdn, a

stone, rock -|- *cm, a hollow]

STONEHALL (Eng,) Bel. to Stonehall; or
Dweller at i the Stone Hall [O.E. stdn

+ h(e)aiq
2 the Stone or Stony Corner [O.E.
h{e)al(h, a corner]
William de la Stonhall.— /fanrf. Rolls.

STONEHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Stoneham : v.
Stanham.

Stephen de Stoahsm.—Hund. Rolls.

STONEHEWER (Eng.) Stonecutter [M.E.

stonhewer; f. O.E. stdn, a stone, and

hedvoan, to cut]

Stonehill

193

Storkey

STONEHILL (Eng.) Dweller at the Stony or
Rocky Hill [O.E. sfdn + hylQ

STONEHOUSE (Eng.) Bel. to Stonehouse; or
Dweller at the Stone House [O.E. stdn

+ hits]
Stonehouse, Glouc, was Stonhus in the
13th cent.

STONEMAN (Eng.) = Stone (q.v.) + E.man.

STONER (Eng.) i Stonecutter, Stone-
mason [O.E. stdn, stone + the agent.

suff. -er]
2 = Stone (q^v.) + the agent, suff. -er.
(rarely) 3 for Stonop, q.v.

STONES, pi., and genit., of Stone, q.v.
Elena de Stons. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

STONESTREET (Eng.) Dweller at the Stone,
i.e. Paved Road (usually Roman) [O.E.

stdn strckt]
Salomon de Stonstrete (Kent). —

Hund. Rolls.

STONEY (Eng.) Bel. to Stoney; or Dweller

at I the Stony or Rocky Island or

Waterside [O.E. stdn, a stone, rock

+ (g]
2 the Stony Land [for O.E. stdniht]

STON(E)YHURST (Eng.) Dweller at the
Stony Wood [O.E. stdnig, stony + hyrst,

a wood]

STONHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Stonham = Stone-
ham, Stanham, q.v.

STONHILL- Stonehill, q.v.

STONHOLD (Eng.) Rock-Faithful [O.E.
stdn, a stone, lock+hold, faithful, loyal, etc.]

STONHOUSE = Stonehouse, q.v.

STONIER = Stonep (q.v.), but with the A.-Fr.
agent. suS. -ier instead of E. -er.

This name was occ. used for Stone-
hewer, q.v.

STONOR (Eng.) Bel. to Stonor (Oxf.), 13th

cent. Stonore = the Stony or Rocky

Bank [O.E. stdn 4- 6rd\

A stanora occurs in a land-grant a.d. 758

by King Offa (' C.S.' no. 216).

STOODLEIGHl _e+„wi«!KU c+.,wi... „„
STOODLEY J =Studleigh, Studley, q.v.

Stoodleigh, Devon, was Stodlegh in the
14th cent.

STOOP l (Scand.) Dweller at a Post, Pillar,

STORE J or Column [North. E.: O.N. stdlpi,

whence Dan.-Norw. stolpe, a post, prop]

"Stoop, a post, a gate-post of stone or

wood,"— (?;w, Dial, lQns4ale, p. 81,

STOOPS 1 pi., and genit., of Stoop, StopOi

\P1-
f q.v.

STOPES

STOPFORD \(Eng.) Bel. to Stockport.

STOPFORTH J Stopford and Stopforth are old
corrupt forms, nevertheless making good
sense [v. under Stope] ; but Stok(e)port,
Stockeport, &c., are earlier : v. Stockport.

" ' Stopford law-— no stake, no draw.' —

Stockport is the place meant, nearly one

half of which borough is in Lancashire." —

Lane. Legends, Sec, 1882, p. 207*

STOPHER, a contr. of Christopher, q.v.

STOPP I a var. of Stoop, Stope, q.v.

(occ.) 2 an unvoiced form of Stobbi
Stubb, q.v.
William del Stopp. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

STOPPARD 1 assim. forms of Stopford,
STOPPORT J Stockport, q.v.

STOP PS 1

STOPS J P'*' ^^^ S^"*-' °f Stopp.

STORCK = Stork, q.v.

Thomas Storck. — Hund. Rolls.

STORE (A.-Scand.) Strong, Powerful, Big
[M.E. stor{e, O-N-stdr-r]
For Sir Anlaf, the king of Danmark.
With an ost [host] store and stark,
Into Inglond is come. —

Gy of Warwike, p. 383.
Cp. Storr.

STORER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Storekeeper, Store-
man; (Scotl.) Flockmaster [M.E. and
M.Scot, storour, etc. ; f. (with agent, suff^
star, O.Fr. estor, store, provisions ; ult. 1.
Lat. instaurare, to restore]
Thomas Storour. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

Tyrrheus thare fader was hie maister

and gyde
Of stedis, flokkis, bowis, and hirdis

wyde.
As storour to the kinge, did kepe and

jrym [tend]. —
G. Douglas, Mneid, ed. 1710, p. 224,

11.25-7.

STOREY! = Store (q.v.) -t- the E. dim. suff.
STORIE i-e)y,-ie.

Cp. Storrey.
STORK (Eng.]) a nickname and sign-name
from the bird [O.E. store - Scand. stork]
Cp. Storck.

STORKEY I = Stork (q.v.) -f- the E. dim.
suff. -ey. '

J for Stftrkey, q.v.

storm

194

Stovill

STORM (Teut.) ' a pers. name and nickname

[f. M.E. storm, O.E. storm, m., O.N. storm-r,

m. (= Dut. storm - Ger. sturm, M.Ger. also

storm), a storm, uproar, tumult]

Hugo Storm. — Hund. Rolls.

STORMONT. Bel. to Stormont (Perth), a.d.
1292 Starmonthe (Johnson) [If the name is
Celt., the second element must be Gael.
monadh = Wei. mynydd, a mountain-range
(but Gael, monadh now means a moor,
heath), and the first element may be Gael.
star, a Steep cliff, broken teeth ; but perh.
more likely the name is Teut., viz. late
O.E. stdr, O.N. stdrr, great + O.E. munt,
borr. f . Lat. mons, montis, a mountain (cog- ,,
nate, in any case, with the above Celt.

words]

STORMS, Storm's (Son) : v. Storm.

STORR (Scand.) Big, Grkat fO.N. stdr-r (mod.

Scand. storl

Roger Storre. —

Yorks Pott-Tax, A.D. 1379.

Cp. Store.

= Storr (q.v.) -|- theE. dim. sufl.
■e)y,-ie.

STORREYl

STORRIE

STORRY

Cp. Stor(e)y.

STORRS, Storr's (Son) : v. Storr.

STORT (Eng.) Dweller at a Tail or Tongue
OF Land [O.E. steort"]

A Storte (Wilts) occurs in the Charter-
Rolls a.d. 1283.

Cp. Start.

STORY = Store (q.v.) -t- the E. dim. suff. -y.

STOTE (Eng.) a nickname or sign-name Irom
the Stot [v. Stott]

(A.-Fr.-Teut.) Stout, Bold [O.Fr.
esto{u)t : V. under Stout]

ItOTHARt) (^°S-) Stot-Herd [v. under

ItStHERD Stott, and + M.E. herde, O.E

STOTHERTJ *'^''*J

William Stothard.— /f«M(f. Rolls.

There has prob. been confusion with
Stoddard, Stodart, q.v.

STOTT (Eng.) a nickname and sign-name
from the Stot, i.e. a Horse, Bullock,
etc. [M.E. and Dial. E. and Scot. stot{te, a
stallioi^, horse, bullock, ox : cp. O.N sltit-r,
a bull (Swed. siut, a bullock, Dan.-Norw.

stud, an ox]
Thomas Stot.—

Ifanc. 4sske-R?lls, A.D, 1262-3.

And Grace gaf Piers

Of his goodnesse foure stottes ;

Al that hise oxen eriede [ploughed],

Thei to harewen [harrovv] after. —

Piers Plowman, 13489-92.

This Reve sat upon a ful good stot,
That was al pomely [dappled] grey, and
highte Scot. —

Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 615-16.

If aur nebbour's stot or stirk break into
til' fog [aftermath] let us net [not] pinfald
it.— A Bran New Wark (Westmd. Dial.),

1 78s, 1. 476.
STOUGHTON (Eng.) Bel. to Stoughton, like
Staughton, a form of Stockton, q.v.

STOUR (Celt.) Dweller by the River Stour
(several in England), usually Stur, dat.
Sture, in charters of the A.-Sax. period
[prob. f. the prim, form of Wei. ystwrio
(ystwr, a stir, noise), to stir, bustle; cognate
with O.E. styrian, to stir(up), agitate* O.N.
styr-r, a stir, tumult, M.E. and Dial.
E. and Scot, stour, O.F. estour, estur, a con-
flict, commotion, agitation, Scot, stour, to
move swiftly, to cause foam, or spray ;
and related to the base of E. storm = Ger.
Sturm ; and to Bret, stdr, a river]

(A.-Scand.) a var. of Store, q.v. .

Cp. Stower.

STOURBRIDGE. Bel. to iStourbridge (Wore),

14th cent. Sturbrugg, Stourbrugge = the

Bridge over the R. Stour [y. Stour,

and + M.E. hrugg(e, O.E. brycg'\

2 Stourbridge (Camb.), formerly Sterre-
bridge, earlier Steresbreg = Ster's Bridge
\Ster occurs as a pers. name in Domesday-
Book ; it is prob. for the O.Scand. Styr:
cp. O.N. styr-r, m., a stir, tumult]

STOURTON (Celt. -|- Eng.) Bel. to Stourton

gVilts, Warw., etc.) = the Farmstead or
state on the R. Stour [v. Stour, and
-I- O.E. tun\
Conf. with Sturton, q.v.

STOUT 1 (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Bold, Strong,

STOUTE / Proud; (later) Corpulent [O.Fr.

esto{u)t, stout, bold ; O.L.Ger. stolt = Du,t.

stout, bold = Ger. stols, proud]

STOVEL ] (Fr.) Bel. to Estouteville (Seine-

STOVELL Inferieure), anc. Estoteville [Fr.

STOVILL J ville, Lat. villa, estate, farm, etc. :

the first element is doubtless a pers. name

(withfem. suff. -e) f. O.F. esto(u)t, stout,

bold, O.L.Ger. stolt = Dut. stout, bold]

Joh'is de Stotevill.—

Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1 260-1.
Agnes de Stovile. —

Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.

Stoven

195

Strauss

STOVEN "I (Eng.) Bel. to Stoven (Suff.); or
STOVIN J Dweller at the Stock or Tree-
Stump or -Trunk [O.E. stofn]

" Stoven : a stumpy post." —

Northts. Dial. ; T. Wright.
STOW "1 (Eng.) Bel. to Stow or Stowe [O.E.
STOWE J stdw, dat. stdwe, a place]

"... apud locum ubi vulgari dicitur
nomine at Stou)e."-~

Charter A.D. 956 ; Cart. Sax. no. 986.

Oda de Stow. —

Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.
Joh'es de Stowe. —

Ing. ad g. Damn., A.D. 1369.

STOWEL "I (Eng.) Bel. to Stowell (Wilts:

STOWELLJA.D. 1300-1 Stowell; Soms.: 13th

cent. Stawell; Glouc, etc.) [v. under

Stow, and + O.E. heal(h, a corner, nook]

But the Glouc. Stowell was Stanuuelle
in Domesday-Book, i.e. the 'Rock-Spring'
[O.E. Stan, a stone, rock + welle, a spring]

STOWE R (Celt.) a form of Stour', q.v,

Stower (West),Dorset, is on the R. Stour.
(A.-Scand.) a form of Store, q.v.

STOYLE, a dial, form of Style, q.v.

STRACHAN (Celt.) i Bel. to Strachan (Kin-
cardine), anc. Strathauchin [the first
element is Gael, srath, a valley, strath :
the second elem. is app. for Gael, achadk^
a field, with the dim. sufi. -in]
2 conf. with Strahan', q.v.

STRADLING (Eng.) app. a nickname for a
straddle-legged individual [f. straddle, a
freq. i.strdd, pret. sing, of O.E. j<nrfa», to

stride]
'Strad(d)ling' was formerly a cant term
for an Abraham-man.

STRAFFORD, an assim. form of Stratfopd.q.v.

STRAHAN (Celt.) i for the Ir. O'Sruthain =

Descendant of Sruthan, i.e. the Poet,

Clerk [Ir. 6, ua, grandson, descendant -|-

sruth, poet, etc. ; with the genit. [-din) of

the dim. suff. -dn"]

2 conf. with Strachan', q.v.

STRAIN, an Anglicized form of Strahan,
Strachan, q.v. (esp. the former).

STRAINS, Strain's (Son) : V. Strain.

STRAKER (Eng.) Stroker ; Striker (an

occup. surname) [f. O.E. strdcian, to

stroke ; O.E. strican (pret. sing.' strdc), to

rub, (also) move, go (E. 'strike']

Robert le Straker.—

Lane. Assise-RolU, A.D. 1246.

STRAND (Eng.) Dweller at a Shore [O.E.
strand = O.N. strand]

STRANp, a North. E. and Scot, form of
Strong.
. . . Strang and stitSm6d [resolute]. —
Cynewulf, Dream of the Rood, 40.

Fra mi faas [foes] jiat war sa Strang. —

13th cent. Metr. N. Eng. Psalter :

Ps. xviii. 17.

King Hart intohiscumlie castell Strang. — ■

G. Douglas, King Hart.

STRANGE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Foreign [M.E.
stra(u)nge, O.Fr. estrange (Fr. Strange),
LatI extraneus, foreign]
John le Straunge. — Hund. Rolls.
See Lestrange.

STRANG(E)WAYS (Eng.) Bel. to Strange-
ways (Manchester), i6th cent. Strange-^
waies, 15th cent. Strangways, 14th cent.
Strangwas, Strongways = the Strong
Stubble [O.E. Strang, strong + O.E.
wdse = Ger. wasen (M.H.Ger. wase,
O.H.Ger. waso), (damp) sod, grass, brush-
wood, stubble]
The second element is that seen in E.
'wayzgoose,' a stubble-goose, and Dial. E.
'wase', 'waze', a pad or bundle of straw.

STRANG MAN = Strang (q.v.) -f- E.man.

STRANGWAYS, v. under Strang(e)way8.

STRATFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Stratford = the

Street-Ford, i.e. the Ford on the

Roman Road tO.E. strckt (Lat. strata via),

(Roman) road, street +fora]

Stratford - on - Avon, e.g., occurs in
charters of theA.-Saxon period as Stratford,
Stretford, and also Stratford.
Hugh de Stra;tford. — Hund. Rolls.
And Frenssh she spak ful faire and fetisly

[elegantly].
After the scoleof Stratford- atte -Bowe.-^
Chaucer, Prol, Cant. Tales, 124-5.

STRATHEARN 1 (Celt). Bel. to Stratheam

STRATHERN J (Perth), 12th cent. Stradeam

= the VALLEY of the R. Earn [Gael.

srath (= Wei. ystrad), a valley]

lTRATTEN}f°'^Stratton,q.v.

STRATTON (Eng.)Bel.toStratton, 13th cent.
Stratton, A.-Sax. Strckt-tlin ('on Strcbt-tiine'
— dat.) = the Street (usually Roman
Road) -Farm [O.E. street (Lat. strata via),
(Roman) road, street + ttin, farm,

estate, etc.]

STRAUSS (Ger.) a nickname = Crest,
Plume : see the Appendix of Foreign
Names.

Strawson

196

Strongbow

STRAWSON (regarding which evidence is
lacking) may be a corrupt form of
Strongson, q.v. (Hardly for 'Strauss's
Son').

STRAYTON, a North, form of Stratton, q.v.

STREACHAN, a var. of Strachan, q.v.

STREAK \(Eng.) Stern, Strong, Violent
STREEK; [O.K. stn&e (=I>\it. strak]

Cp. Stretch.

STREAT = Street, q.v.

STREATER \
STREATHER J

Streeter, q.v.

STREATFErLD "I (Eng.) Dweller at the Field

STREATFIELD J or Plain of the Roman

Road [v. under Street, and + O.E.feld,

a fie^ld, plain]

Lower mentions a Streatfeild in E.

Sussex called Stretfelde in the i6th cent.

STREET 1 (A.-Lat.) Dweller at the (Roman)

STREETE J Road [O.E.strdst (Lat.i^ratovia),

(Roman) road, street]

Our 13th and 14th cent, records contain

such entries as ' [christian name] de la

Strete', 'atte Strete', and 'del Strete.'

Street, nr. Shepton-Mallet, Soms., is on

" the ancient Fosse-Way ". Street, nr.

Kingsland, Hereford, is "on the Roman

Way to Staunton."

STREETEN for Streeton, Stretton, q.v.

STREETER = Street (q.v.) + the agent,
suff. -er.

STREETON = Stretton, q.v.

STREFFORD, an assim. form of Stretford,q.v.

STRELLEY "I (Eng.) Bel. to Strelly (Notts),

STRELLY J i2th cent. Stretleg, Stratlega =

the Street-Lea [v. under Street, and

+ O.E. ledKl

STRENSAM 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Strensham

STRENSHAM J (Wore). 13th csai. Strenges-

ham, but app. the StrengesM of a Wore.

charter a.d. 972 [As the name stands it

represents 'Strang's Home' (O.E. Mm,

home, residence) : the loth-cent. second

element is O.E. h6, a ridge or promontory.

Streng (O.E. streng, severe, strong) must

have had a hdm, and prob. the two forms

co-existed]
STRETCH (Eng.) Stern, Strong, Violent

[O.E. strec\
Cp. the guttural form Streak.
Hamon Streche. —

Chesh. Chmbrlns'. Aacts., A.D. 1302-3.
STRETFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Stretford ; v.
Str^tforj),

Stretford, Lanes, 13th cent. Stretford and
Stratford, is "near the R. Mersey, where
the Roman way to Chester crossed."

STRETTELL \ (Eng.) [Early forms are lacking

STRETTLE J of this local surname, but the

second element will be either O.E. h{e)all,

a hall, or O.E. h{e)al{h, a nook, rather than

O.E. hyll, a hill, although the surname

Sft-etA/W is found in Cheshire in the lyth

cent. : the first element is O.E. strdet, a

(Roman) road]

There is a Streethall or Strethall in

Essex, occurring as Strethalle a.d. 132 1-2.

STRETTON (Eng.) Bel. to Stretton, 13th cent.
Stretton, A.-Sax. Strdkt-tiin : v. Stratton.

STRIBLING (Eng.) a voiced form of Stripling
[-E. strip + tiie (double) dim. suff. -l-ingi

STRfCKLAND (Eng.) Bel. to Strickland
(Westmd.), 13th cent. Stirkland, Stirkeland
= the Stirk-Land [v. under Stirk, and-f

O.E. land]
> See the Westmd. quot. under Stott.

STRIDE (Scand.) Hard, Stubborn, Strong

[O.N. strCS-r]
William le Stride. —

Chesh. Chmbrlns.' Accts., A.D. 1357-8.

STRINGER (Eng.) String- or Cord-Maker

(esp. a maker of bow-strings) [O.E. streng

(= O.N. streng-r), string, rope -|- the

agent, suff. -ere]

Both Strenger and Strynger occur in

Yorkshire in the 14th cent.

STRING FELLOW (A.-Scand.) earlier Streng-
fellow = Strong Fellow [M.E. streng,
O.E. strenge = Scand. streng (O.N.
strang-r), severe, strong -f- M.E. felawe,
O.E. fMaga=O.N. fdlagi, partner, fellow]
Cp. Strongfellow.

STRIPP (Eng.) app. a nickname for a Thin
Person — one as thin as a strip [O.E. be-
stripan, to strip] : hence the dim.
'stripling.'

STRODE, a M.E. form of Stroud, q.v.

STRONG \ (Eng.) Powerful, Hard,
STRONGE J S-E.WEKE.\U.E.strong{e,strang{e,

O.E. Strang^

STRONG BOW (Eng.) a nickname[O.E. Strang,

strong + boga, a bow]

Ranulf Strongbowe.— HmmA Rolls.

Richard of Clare, Earl of Pembroke and

Striguil, a ruined baron later known by

the nickname of Strongbow, who in

defiance of Henry's [II.] prohibition

landed near Waterford. —

Green, Hist. Eng. People, p. 898,

Stronsfellow

STRONG FELLOW (A.-Scaud.), i6th cent.

Strongfellowe [O.E. strong = O.N. strang-r

+ QX.fMaga = O.H.Magi]

Cp. Stringfellow.

STRONG ITHARM (Eng.)for Strong-in-thb-

Arm : cp. Armstrong.

Cheshire born, Cheshire bred,
Strong i'th' arm, weak i'th' yed. —

Chesh.' Saying.
This couplet may really owe its origin
to the fact that Strongitharm is (or was)
mostly a Cheshire surname.

STRONGMAN = Strong (q.v.) + man.

STRONGSON, Strong's Son : v; Strong.

ST ROOD : V. Stroud.

STROTHER (Celt.) Dweller by a Stream
[Gael, (and Ir.) sruthair, a stream]
There are the Strother Hills, Durham
and an ' Alan del Strother ' was Bailiff of
Tindale (Tynedale) in 1358.
Cp. Struther.
STROUD (Eng.) Bel. to Stroud or Strood ; or
Dweller at the Brushwood or Thicket
[O.E. strod = M.H.Ger. O.H.Ger. struot,
bushes, underwood, thicket]

Strood, Kent, was Strdd (genit. Strddes)
in a charter dated a.d. 889.

In the Charter-Rolls, a.d. i 199-1200, a
Westgrove and a La Strode are bracketed
together as ' Bosci ' [M.Lat. boscus, a
bush, thicket]. The surnames 'atte
Stroude ' and ' atte Strode ' occur in a Soms.
Subsidy-Roll a.d. 1327.

STROYAN (Celt.) Dweller at a Streamlet

[Gael, sruthan {th mute), f. sruth, a stream,

with the dim. suff. -dn\

STRUDE, a var. of Strood, Stroud, q.v.

STRUDWICK (Eng.) Bel. to Strudwick; or

Dweller at the Bushy Place [v. under

Stroud, and + O.E. wic, a place]

A strdd wic occurs in a Sussex charter
dated a.d. 956 ('C.S '. no. 961).

STRUTHER (CeU.) Dweller by a Stream
[Gael, (and Ir.) sruthair']

STRUTHERS = Struther -f the E. pi. (and
genit.) -J affix.
There is a Struthers in co. Fife,

STRUTT (Teut.) Stiff, Pompous [Low Ger.
strutt, stiff, etc.: cp. O.E. strtiiian, to be
stiff, and O.N. sirdt-r, a pointed hood]
In the Hundred-Rolls the same individ-
ual is referred to as 'John le Strut' and
'John Strutt."

197

Stukley

STUARD : v. Steward.

STUART : v. Stewart.

STUBB (Eng. and Scand.) Dweller at the
Tree-Stump [O.E. stybb, stubb = O.N.

stubb-r]
... eft on ellen stubb
(. . . again to the alder-stump). —
Berks Charter, A.D. 956 ; Cart. Sax.
no. 1 183.

Guy de Stub.— Gt. Ing. Serv., A.D. 1212.

John de Stubbe.— Z,a«c. Fines, A.D. 1333.

The Dan.-Norw. stub denotes ' stubble '
as well as ' tree-stump.'

STUBBARD UEng.) Ox-Herd [Dial. E.
STUBBART stub, an ox ; prob. a nickname
STUBBERD for the animal f. O.E. stybb,
STO(B)BART J stubb = O.N. stubb-r, a stump,
log -I- E. herd, O.E. kierde, a herdsman]

ST U B B I N f or Stu bbing, q.v.

STUBBING (Eng. and Scand.) Dweller at the

Tree-Stump Meadow [O.E. stybb, stubb

= O.N. stubb-r, a tree-stump 4- O.North.

and East.E. ing = O.N. eng, a meadow]

Henricus de Stubbyng. —

Yorks mi-Tax, A.D. 1379.

STUBbInS^} Pl- "''^ Senit., of Stubbing.

Nicholas de Stubbings.— fla«rf. Rolls.

STU BBS (Eng. and Scand,) pi., and genit., of
Stubb, q.v.

Richard de Stubbes. —

Hund. Rolls (Yorks).

With knotty, knarry, bareyne trees

olde,
Of stubbes sharpe and hidouse to

biholde. —

Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 1977-8.

See also the quotation from Spenser
under Stocks.

" Ye'll find a pretty many stubs about
when ye gets into de wood ". —

Diet. Kent. Dial., p^ 166.

STUCK (Eng.) Short; Stumpy [M.E. stuk;
I. O.E. stocc, a stump]

STUGKEY (Eng.) Short and Thick [Dial.
E. stucky, stocky ; f. O.E. stocc, a stump]

The West. Eng. (voiced) form is rfMggy —
"I yer [hear] that 'is missis is a stuggy
little body. —

Peasant-Speech af Devon, p. 130,

STUCKLEY 1 1 for Stookley, (j.v.
STUKLEY ; 3 foj stukeley, q.v.

5tuddard

198

Sturton

STUDDARD \ (Eng.) = Stoddard, Stoddart,
STUDDARTJq.v.

(Scand.) Ox-Herd [Dan.-Norw. stud
(= Swed. stut), an ox + hyrde, a herdsman]

STUDLEIGHl (Eng.) Bel. to Studleigh,

STUDLEY I Studley, the M.E. Stodky,

Siodlegh, A.-Sax. StSdledh (' td stddledge '—

dat. : 'C.S.' no. 620) = the Stud-Lea

[O.E. stod, a stud (of horses]

The Warw. Studley was Stadlei in
Domesday-Bk.

Cp. Stoodleigh, Stoodley.

STUKELEY(Eng.)Bel. to Stukeley (Hunts),
loth cent. (Lat. charters) Stivecleia,Styvec-
lea = the Clearing - Lea [f. O.E.
stxfician, to root or grub up + ledh, a

meadow]

STU NT (Eng.) Stubborn ; Stunted ; Stupid

[O.E. stunt\

The meaning varies somewhat ace. to
dialect — e.g. : East Yorks, 'stubborn',
also 'short and thick' ; Kent, 'sullen',
'dogged' ; Lines, 'fierce', 'sulky".

STURDEE \ (A. - Fr. - ?Lat.) Sturdy ; orig.
STURDY J Rash, Reckless [M.E. sturdi;
O.Fr. estourdi (Fr. dtourdi, giddy, thought-
less) ; of uncertain but prob. Lat. orig.]

Walter Stmdx.—Hund. Rolls.
lTURmVA*N7 }'■ Sturtevant,Sturtivant.

STU RE f (i6th cent. Stuer), a West. Eng, form
of Steep, q.v.

"Thee art lick [like] a skittish stwe." —
Exmoor Scolding, 1. 49.

See also "Notes on the Sture Family
of England', by Rev. W. H. Hornby
Steer (Reprint from The Antiquary, 1887),
who would like to connect both 'Sture'
and 'Steer' With O.N. styrr, 'a stir', 'tumult'.

2 = Stoup, q.v.

STURGE is not an easy name, but it is app.
merely a voiced descendant of the O.E.
sterced-, 'stern', 'stout', 'strong' (seen in
sterced-ferKS, 'stern, etc., -minded', in the
Old Northumbrian poem 'ludith') [conn,
with O.E. stearc, rigid, stern, strong;
and therefore with E. 'starch']

STURGEON \ (A.-Fr.-Teut.) a nickname from
STURGIN J thefishso called {O.Vx.est{o)ur-

geon (Fr. esiurgeon), L.Lat. sturjo, -onis; f.

O.H.Ger. sturU)e, mod. stiir (= O.E.
styria), a sturgeon]

The surname is usually Sturgeon in our
I4th-i5th cent, records; Sturgion occurs
in the i6th cent.

Sturge's (Son) : v. Sturge.

STURGES

STURGESS

STURGIS

Johannes Sturgys.—

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

STURM (Storm): see the Appendix of
Foreign Names.

STURM AN (Eng.) i Ox-Man or -Herd [v.
under Sture', Steer, and + man]

2 Steersman, Skipper [a descendant
of the O.E. steSrmann, steersman, captain]

STURMER(Celt. + E.) Bel. to Sturmer(e

(Essex), 14th cent. Sturmere, A.-Sax.

Siurtnere = the Stour-Lake [v. under

Stour (Celt.) and + O.E. mere, a lake]

The village is situated near the R.
Stour. The lake formerly covered about
20 acres : it is mentioned ("embe [about]
Sturmere") in the A. - Sax. poem 'The
Battle of Maldon', a.d. 993.

Rarely this name may be for the Ger.
Sturmer, ' a blusterer.'

STURMINSTER (Celt. + A.-Lat.) Bel. to
Sturminster (Dorset), 14th cent. Stur-
minster = the (R.) Stour-Minster [v.
under Stour (Celt.), and -|- O.E. mynster
(Lat. monasterium), a monastery, church]

STU RT (Eng.) Bel. to Sturt or Stert ; or
Dweller at a Tail or Tongue of Land

[O.E. sUort]

I3-I4th cent. West. Eng. records contain
such surnames as 'de la Sturte' and 'atte
Sturt.'

Cp. Start and Stort-

STURTEVANT"! The evidence is not con-
STURTIVANT J elusive, but the name
(found also as Startivant) is app. a nick-
name — 'Start Away' I^for a messenger or
pursuivant [f. M.E. sterten, to start, and
A.-Fr. ava{u)nt, forward, away, O.Fr.
avant, Lat. ab ante]

Willelmus Styrtavant. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

STURTON (Eng.) i a metathesized form of
Stretton, Stratton, q.v.

2 = Stourton, q.v.

Sturton (Grange), Yorks, was Stretun in
, Domesday-Book. Sturton, Notts, form.
Stretton, "is situated on Ermine Street,"
as also is one of the Line. Sturtons. The
'Nicholas de Sturton, Wilts', mentioned
in the Testa de Nevill, evid. hailed from
the mod, Stourton in 4hat county.

Stutfield

199

Suggie

STUTFIELD (Eng.) Bel. to Stutfield or Stot-
field ; or Dweller at the Horse or Cattle
Field [v. under Stott, and + M.E. O.E.

feld]

STUTT(A)FORD (Eng.) Dweller at the Horse
or Cattle Ford [v. under Stott, and +

Kford]

STUTTARD i for Stothard, q.v.

2 conf. with Studdard, Stoddard, q.v.

STUTTER (Eug.) Stutterer [f. late M.E.

stut{te, M.E. stolen, to stutter : cp. E.Fris.

stuttem = Dut. stotteren, to stutter]

STYDOLPH \ (Eng.) the A.-Sax. StfSwulf

STI DOLPH J ('Liber Vitae Dunelm." Stithmlf)

= Strong Wolf [O.E. stUS, stiff, strong,

firm + «)«//]

STYE (Eng.) Dweller by i a Sty [O.E. ^^^•(a,
a sty, animal-pen]

2 a Path [0,E. siig, a path]

The scheref made to seke Notyngham,
Bothe be strete and stye. —

Roliyn Hode and the Munke, 301-2.

STYER = Stye + the E. agent. saS.-er.

STYLE (Eng.) Dweller by a Stile [O.E.

stigol, -el\
Richard de la Style.— ifMBrf. Rolls.

STYLEMAN = Style + E. man.

STYLES, geuit;, and pi., of Style, q.v.

STY(E)MAN = Stye (q.v.) + E. man.

SUART = Seward, q.v. : cp. Stuart from
Steward.

The Yorks PoU-Tax, a.d. 1379, has as
surnames both 5«ar/ and Sueherd.

SUCH \ Q^.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller by a Tree-
SUCHE J Stump [Fr. souche; prob. f. the pp.,
succisum, of Lat. succidere, to cut down]
Alan de la Souche. — Hund. Rolls.

SUCKBITCH (Eng.) for the M.E. Sokespic, a

nickname, = Suck-Bacon, for a rustic

[f. O.E. sitcaii, to suck + sptc, bacon]

SUCKLING (Eng.) a nickname [f. O.E. stican,
to suck + the (double) dim. suff. -Hng]
Robert Suciiag.— Hund. Rolls.

SUCKSMITH (Eng.) an imit. form of
Sixsmith, q.v.

SUDBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Sudbury =the South
Stronghold [Q.E. srftS + burh]

Sudbury,. Suffl, occurs in A.-Sax.
records as SitSbyrig'-dat. case.

Ric'us [de] Sudbury. —

Inq. adq. Damn., A,D. 1326.

SUDDELLl (Eng.) Dweller at i the South
SUDELL J Dale , [O.E. sA^ + d(Bt\

2 the South Corner [O.E. sA^ +

heali/t]

SU DLOW (Eng.) Bel. to Sudlow ; or Dweller

at the South Hill or Tumulus [O.E.

sA'S + hlfkuj]

Sudlow, Chesh., occurs as Sudlow and
Sudloe in the 17th cent.

SUFFIELD (Eng.) Bel. to Suffield (Yorks.:
Domesday Sudfelt, Sudfeld ; Norf.) = the
South Field or Plain [O.E. swS + feld]

SUFFOLK (Eng.) One from Suffolk, the M.E.
Suffpik{e, etc., A.-Sax. SA'^folc = the
South Folk (of the East Angles).

A Latin charter dated a.d. 895 ('Cart.
Sax.' no. 571) has "in pago Suthfolchi".

. . . they of Kente, Southsex, and
Surrey, Estsex and of Southfolke and of
Northfolk.—

Malory, Morte d Arthur, XXI. iii.

Suffolke and Norfolke near, so named of
their sites. —

Drayton, Polyolbion, xxiii. 135.

SUGAR (Eng.) is doubtless for the M.E..
Sulgar, which occurs more than once as a
surname in the Yorks Poll-Tax, a.d. 1379
[the second element is O.E. gdr, a spear :
the first element seems to represent O.E.

sylla, good]

(A.-Fr.-East.) a compar. late nickname

or trade-name from the article [M.E.

suger, Fr. sucre. Span. azAcar (a- for Arab.

al, the) ; Arab, sokkar, sugar]

SUGDEN (Eng.) Dweller at the Sow-Hollow
[0.(N.)E. sugu, a sow -|- denu, a hollow]

Robertus de Sugden. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

SUGG (Eng.) I a nickname and sign-name
from the Sow [Dial. N. and East.E. and
,S<^ql. sugig, 0.(N,)E. sugu = Swed. sugga,

a sow]

2 a nickname from the bird so called
[M.E. sugge, O.E. sugga, a bird]

SUGGIE = Sugg (q.v.) -f the N.E. and Scot,
dim. suff. -ie,

Suggie.— {i) a young sow; (2) a fat
person (North. Scot.).— Jamieson,

200

Suitor

Sumption

SUITOR = Soutep, q.v.

sullivan 1
sullevan;

SULLOCH 1 (Celt.) Keen-Sighted; Sharp,
SULLOCK J Knowing [Gael, and Ir. suileach]

SULLY "l(Fr.-Lat. + Celt.) Bel. to Sully

SULLEY J (Normandy), a.d. iiig Sul[l]iacum

= the Estate of Sulla [i-ac-um, the

Lat.-Gaul. poss. suff.]

(Eng.) Bel. to Sudeley (Glouc), anc.
Sulley, Sudley, &c., Domesday Sudlege =
the South Lea [O.E. siiS + ledh]

Bartholomew de Sulley, or Sudeley
(GloMc,).—Hund. Rolls.

Sully, Glam., app. owes its name to a
Norman knight —

"Sully was given by Fitzharamon to Sir
Robert de Sully, who had a castle here."

—Nat. Gaz.

SUMMER I an O.Teut. pers. name and nick-
name from the season [O.E. sumor, sumer
= O.N. sumar (Dan.-Norw. sommer, Swed.
sommar) = O.Sax. O.H.Ger. sumar (Ger.
sommer) = O.Fris. sumur = Dut. somerl

John Somer. —

Sonts. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. 1327.

Henr' Somer. —

Charter-Rolls, temp. Hen. VI.

2 a contr. of the A.-Scand. Sumerlide or
Sumerlida: v. Summerlee and Somepby.

3 for Sumnep, q.v.

SUMMERFIELD (Eng.) Dweller at Summer's
Field Iv. under Summep, and + M.E.

Q.E.feld\
(Fr.) for'Somerville, q.v.

SUM M ERLEE 1 (A.-Scand.) for the A.-Scand.
SUMMERLEY ] Sumerlide or Sumerlida: v.
under Somerby.

In mod. Norwegian we find the form
Sommaarlee as well as earlier Sumarlide.

SUMMERS I Summer's (Son) : v, Summep.
2 for Sumneps, q.v.

SUMMERSBY (Scand.) Bel. to Somersby

(Lines) [prob.the same name as Somepby

(q.v.), but with a genit. -5]

SUMMERSCALE 1 (Scand.) Dweller at the

SUMMERSCALES J Summer- HuT(s [O.N.

sumar + skdli, a hut]

The Yorks PoU-Tax, a.d. 1379, has both
'de Somerscale' and 'de SomerscaUs' as
surnames.

SUMMERSET : v. Somepset.
SUMMER(S)FORD : v. SomepfoPd.
SUMMERSGILL (Scand.) Dweller

at

Sumar's, or SuMARLiDE's, Ravine [v.
under Summep and Somepby, and -t-
O.N. gil, a ravine]

SUMMERSHALL (Eng.) Bel. toSomersall
(Derby), the Domesday Sumersale =
Sumer's, or Sumerlide's Hall [v. under
SummePand Somepby and+O.N.E.Aa//]

SUMMERSKILL (Scand.) i for Summepsgill,
2 for Summepscale, q.v. ^' '

SUMMERSON i Summer's Son : v.'Summep.
2 for Sumnepson, q.v.

SUMMERVILLE = Somepville, q.v.

SUMNER ] (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Summoner, Appa-

SUMNOR \ ritor, Ecclesiastical-Court

SUMPNErJ Officer [M.E. sumenor,

som{p)nour, somonour, etc., A.-Fr. somenour,

etc. i f. O.Fr. som(m)oner, to summon, Lat.

summonere, to remind secretly]

Hugh le Sumenor. —

Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.

John Sompnour. —

Vale Royal Ledger-Bk., A.D. 1428-32.

As sisours fassize-men] and somonours,
Sherreves and hire [their] clerkes,
Bedelles and baillifs.^ —

Piers Plowman, 998-1000.

Ther was also a Reve and a Millere,
A Somnour and a Pardoner also. —

Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 542-3.

A Somonour is a rennere up and doun. —
do. do. D 1283.

S U M N E RS, (the) Sumner's (Son) 1 v. Su m-
SUMNERSON, (the) Sumner's SoNj nep.

SUM(P)TER (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) Pack-Horse
Man, Sumpter-Horse Attendant [M.E.
sum{e)ter, sumpter,som{e)ter,O.Tx. sommetier,
L.hat. summatarius, a pack-horse driver;
f. L.Lat. sagmarius, a pack-horse ; Gr.
a&yna, a pack-saddle]
Thomas le Someter. —

De Banco Rolls, A.D. 1272-3.
William le Sumeter. —

Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.
Ralph, alias Ranulph le Sumpter. —
Chesh. Chmbrlns'. Accts., A.D. 1303-4.

SUM(P)TERMAN = Sum(p)tep + man.

SUMPTION (A.-Fr.-Lat.) an aphseresized

form of a name given to one born on the

festival of the Assumption (isth August)

[f. the pp., assumptus, of Lat. assumere, to

take to oneselt^

Sumpton

201

Suttle

SUMPTON, a corrupt form of Somerton, q.v.

SUNDAY (Eng.) a nickname and pers. name

from the day [M.E. sunedai, sunnedei, etc.,

O.E. sunnan-dceg\

SUNDERLAND (Eng.) Bel. to Sunderland;
or Dweller at the Private or Reserved
Land (land set apart') [O.E. sundarland]

The Lane. Sunderland was Sunderland
in the 13th and 14th cent. ; the Yorks
Sunderlandwick was Sundrelofiwic in
Domesday-Book ; the Durham place was

Sounderland in Boldon Book.

;

SUNMAN (Eng.) the Domesday and A.-Sax.

Sun(fi)matt = Sun(ny Man [O.E. sun-

{sunne, sunna), sun-, sunny -f- man{n'\

SUNNER for Sumner, q.v.

SUNNERS for Sumners, q.v.

SUNTER for Sum(p)tep, q.v.

SURFLEET (Eng.) Bel. to Surfleet (Lines),

13th cent. Surflet = the Sour Water

[M.E. sur, O.E. sAr, sour + M.E.fiet, O.E.

Jleot, water, a stream]

SURLE for Seple, q.v.

SURMAN \ (Eng.) Sour or Surly Man

SURMON J [M.E. sur, O.E. siit, sour + mati\

Cp. 'Sweetman' ; and E. 'surly'.

SURR (A.-Fr.-Lat.) prob. for the M.E. and
M.Scot, ser, sere, etymologically more
correct than sir, sire : v. Sire.

"Gud Ser, behald, and thu may se . . "

—Scot. Legends of the Saints (Machor and

Dewynik).

Hardly, for more than one reason, for
the Scand. sur [O.N. sur-r\ 'sour,' 'sUUen'.

SURRAGE for Suppidge, q.v.

SURREY! (Eng.) Bel. to Surrey, the M.E.

SURRY ISurreye, A. - Sax. StiWg (dat.

SiiSrige) = the Southern Waterside

(of the Thames opp. old London) [O.E.

.sriSffl, prop, the compar. of sttS, south -|-

((e)g, waterside, etc.]

" sfitS ofer Temese on SitSrige." —

A.-Sax. Chron., A.D. 851.
Cp. Southpey.
SURRIDGE (Eng.) Dweller at the South
Ridge [O.E. srftS -|- hrycg'\

SURTEES (Fr.-Lat. + Celt.) Dweller On the
(R.) Tees [Fr. sur, Lat. super, on ; and v.

Tees]

The M.Lat. form of this name was super
Tysam or Tmam.

Rivers glso have imposed names to
some men, as they have to towns situated
on them; as the old Baron Sur Teys, that
is, on the River Teys, running between
Yorkshire and the Bishoprick of
Duresme. —

Camden, Remains cone. Brit., ch.
■Surnames'.

SUSSEX (Eng.) Bel. to Sussex, the A.-Sax.
Slits Seaxe = the South Saxons.

Si's Seaxe and East Seaxe. —

A.-Sax. Chron., A.D. 823.

SUTCH = Such, q.v.

SUTCLIFF \ (Eng.) Dweller by the South
SUTGLIFFE / Cliff [O.E. jijts + clif'\

This surname occurs in the Yorks

PoU-Tax, A.D. 1379, as both &)u(Ac/(/ and

Sothclyff.

SUTER 1 (A.-Lat.) Shoemaker [O.E. sitere,

SUTORJ Lat. jMtor]

Patrick le Suter. —

Chesh. Chmbrlns'. >Accts., A.D. 1303-4.

See Souter.

SUTHERLAND (Scand.) Bel. to Sutherland,
the O.N. Su'Srland = the Southern
Land (compared with the Orkneys).

SUTHERST (Eng.) Dweller at the South
Wood [O.E. iu'tS -1- hyrsi\

luT?HlRY}^-So"thPey.

SUTHREN, V. Sothep(a)n.

luTL!EFF}^°'^Sutcliff,q.v.

SUTTER for Sutep, q.v.

SUTTERBY (Scand.) Bel. to Sutterby
(Lines) = the Southern Dwelling or
Farmstead [O.N. su'Sr (Swed. soder) +

b^-r]

SUTTERLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Sotterley (Suff.),

13th cent. Soterle = the South Lea

[Soter- for M.E. Sother-, O.E. suiSra, siitSra,

prop, compar. of silS, south = O.N.

sUSr (v. under Suttepby) + M.E. ley,

O.E- ledh, a lea]

SUTTILLI (Eng.) Dweller at the South

SUTTLE ; Hill [O.E. siiS hyll; with inter-

dentalism lost through Scand. influence :

cp. Suttepby]

Soothill, W. Yorks, was Sutill in the
14th cent.

, (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Subtle, Clever, Cun-
ning [A.-Fr. sotil, etc. ; Lat. subtilis, fine,

thin]
And if that thow sotil be,
Help now thiselve.—

Piers Plowman, I2i8i-3t

202

Suttley

Swan5comb(e

SUTTLEY for Sutferley, q.v.

SUTTON (Eng.) Bel. to Sutton, the M.E.
Sutton{e, A.-Sax. SUVtun - the South En-
closure, Farmstead, or Village
[O.E. siiS, sOp + mn]

Sutton, Surrey, occurs in a wholly
Latin charter dated a.d. 727 ('Cart. Sax.'
no. 39) as "apud Su^tone,"

SUTTOR for Sutor : v, Suter.

SWABEY \ (Scand.) Bel. to Swaby (Lines),
SWABY J 13th cent. Swaby [O.N. 6^-r, farm,
estate: the 'first element, Swa-,'ma.y re-
present the O.N. pers. (ethnic) n^me
Siidf-r (=0.E. Swckf), 'Swabian'; or O.N.
Sueinn (= O.E. Swan) (v. Swain]

SWAFFHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Swaffham (Norf.

and Camb.: 13th cent. Swaffham, Swafham)

= Sw.«;f's Home or Estate [v. under

Swaby, and + O.E. hdm\

We find the Cont. Low-Ger. counter-
part of this place-name — SuAfliim — in a
gth-cent. register of the Abbey of Wer-
den-an-der-Kuhr.

SWAFFI^LD (Eng.) Bel. to Swafield (Norf.),

13th cent. Swaf eld [O.E. f eld, afield, plain:

for the first element see under Swaby]

SWAILES, V. Swales.

SWAIN "I (Scand. and Eng.) orig. Swine-

SWAINE J herd; later Herdsman, Servant,

or Man generally [M.E. swayn(e, sweynie,

swein, etc. ; O.N. sueinn = U.E. swdn]

John le Swein,— Hund. Rolls.

Sueinn (Swed. Sven, Dan.-Norw. Suend,
a youth, servant), like the almost equally
lowly Karl (churl), became a royal name —

Sueinn konungr tiagu-skegg . . . [ob.

1014]

(King Sweyn Forkbeard . . . ).

Sueinn Dana-konungr ok Ol^fr Suia-
konungr ...

(Sweyn, King of the Danes, and Olaf,
King of the Swedes . . . ). —

The Death of Olaf Trygguason.

Hym boes [behoves] serve hym-self
that has na swayn,
Or elles he is a fool, as clerkes sayn. —
Chaucer, Cant- Tales, A 4027-8.

With that sprong forth anakedswayne.—
Spenser, Shepheards Cat. (March).

8WAINS0N, (the) Swain's Son: v. Swain.

Thomas Swaynesson.—

rorfe PoU-Tm A.D. 1379.

SWAiNSTON (Eng.) Dweller at Swain's or

Swan's Farmstead [v. under Swain,

and + O.E. mn]

There is a Swainstou jn the Isle
of Wight.

SWALE (Scand.) the Norse Svale, O.Norse
Suali [O.N. sual-r, cool, cold, fresh]

Ricardus Swale. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

(Teut.) Dweller by the R. Swale [prob.
f. O.E. swilian (prt. sg. swal), to swill,

wash]

Thomas de Swale. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

(Eng.) Dweller at a Swale [Dial. E.

swale, " a gentle rising of the ground, but

with a corresponding declivity" ; app. f.

O.E. swellan (prt. sg. sweall), to swell]

SWALES, Swale's (Son) : v. Swaie, esp.i

SWALLOW (Eng.) a nickname from the bird
[M.E, swalewe, swalowe, O.E. swealwe]

(Scand.) Bel. to Swallow (Lines), a.d.
1226-7 Swalewe [prob. Dial. N. and East
E. swallow, a deep hollow, abyss ; O.N.
suelg-r, f. suelga, to swallow : cp.. O.E.
swelgend, an abyss, whirlpool, f. O.E.
swelgan, to swallow, absorb]

SWAN 1 (Eng. and Scand.) i a nickname
SWANN \iTom the Swan [O.E. swan ~
SWANNE JO.N. s»a«-y]

Henry le Swan. — Rolls of Pari.

2 a sign-name.

Thomas atte Swan. — Close Rolls.

3 = Swain, q.v.

SWANCOCK = Swan (q.v.) + the pet suff.

' -cock.

SWANCOTT "I (Eng.) Dweller at i the Herds-

SWANCOAT I mai?sCot [O.E. «i;a'«, a swain,

herdsman + coi\

2 the Swan-Cote [O.E. swan -f cot\

There is a township called Swancott
in Shropshire.

SWANNINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Swannington
(Norf. : 14th cent. Swenington ; Leic.) =
the Estate of the Swan- Family
[A.-Sax. *Swdninga-tun — swan (= O.N.
Sueinn), swain, warrior -f- -inga, genit. pi.
of the fil. suff. -ing | tun, estate, etc.]

SWANSCOMB(E (Eng.) Bel. to Swanscombe
{S.tnt), i^th cent. Swaneschampe, A.D. 695
Suanescamp ('C.S'. no. 87) = Swan's
Camp [the genit. of O.E, swdn, a swain,
warrior + eamp, borrowed f, Lat. camp-us\

Swanson

203

Swepstone

The change in the second element of
the place-name has doubtless been helped
by the fact that it is topographically
suitable, the village being situated "in a
hollow" [O.E. cumb (f. Celtic), a hollow]

SWANSON I Swan's Son : v. Swan.
2 = Swainson, q.v.

SWANSTON (Eng.) i Dweller at Swan's

Farmstead [v. Swan, and + M.E. -ton,

to», O.E. 7(2n, farm, etc.]

2 = Swainston, q.v.

There is a Swanston in c6. Edinburgh;
and a Swanneston occurs in the Charter-
Rolls for Kent tp. Hen. VI.

SWANTON (Eng.) Bel. to Swanton (Norf.:

13th cent. Swanton, Swantun; Kent: A.-Saz.

, Swdnatun — 'C.S.' no. 1322; etc.) = the

Swains' Place [O.E. swdn, genit. pi.

swdna, swain, herdsman -ff tin, dwelling(s]

SWANWICK (Eng.) Bel. to Swanwick (Hants:
13th cent. 5wan«uic; Derby, etc.) = Swan's
Place [v. under Swain, and + O.E. wic\

SWARBRECK \ (Scand.) Bel. to Swarbrick

SWARBRICK \ (N.Lancs) a.d. 1249 Suarte-

SWARBRIGG J brec = the Black Slope

[O.N. suart-r, black -|- brekka, a slope]

William de Swartebricke. —

Latic, Ing., A.D. 1286.

SWART (Eng. and Scand.) Swarthy, Dark

[M.E. swart(e, O.E. sm(e)art = O.N.

suart-r (= Ger. schwarz]

hrsefen wandrode,

swearta.ndssa.lo-
brfln

(the) raven wan-
dered,
swart and dark-
brown. —
The Finnesburh Fight, 69-70.

Untill a nation straunge, with visage
swart. — Spenser, Faerie Queene, II. x. 15.

SWATHLING (Eng.) Bel. to Swathlfng
(Hants), a.d. 932 Sw(s\>elingeford = the
Ford of the Sw^>el Family [the pers.
name is rare, if not unique ; but it is
evid. a nickname f. (with dim. suff. -el)
O.E. swa^, a scar, a var. of O.E. swa]>, a
track, trace + -inga, genit. pi. of the fil,

suff. -ing]

SWATMAN = Sweetman, q.v.

SWEAR = Swire, q.v.
SWEARS, Swbar's (Son).

SWEATMAN = Sweetman, q.v,

SWEENEY! (Celt.) the Irish Suibhne, prob.

SWEENY J for Suidhne—dh mute (cp. Ir.

suibhe for suidhe, a session, assize) [Ir.

suidh, a hero + the dim. suff, -«e]

(occ.) (Eng.) Dweller at (i) the Swine-
Meadow [O.E. swin + ge)hteg]

(2) the Swine Island or Waterside
[O.E. swln -I- {{e)g']
Sweeney is the name of a Shropshire
township.

SWEET (Eng.) [M.E. swet(e, suete, O.E. sai/te,

sweet]

SWEETAPPLE (Eng.) Dweller by theSwEET-
Apple (Tree) [O.E. swdte -i- mppel]

SWEETCOCK (Eng.) = Sweet (q.v.) -t- the
E. pet suff. -cock.

Adam Swetcoc. — Hu«d. Rolls.

SWEETENHAM, v. Swetenham.

SWEETING (Eng.) i the Domesday Sueting,
A.-Sax. Sweting = Swet(a)'s Son [v.
under Sweet, and -1- the O.E. fil. sufl.

■ing\

2 Dweller at the Sweet Meadow [O-E

sw^te + ing (O.N. eng), a meadow]

John de Sweting. — Testa de Nevill.

SWEETMAN = Sweet (q.v.) -1- E. man.

Swetman was not an uncommon
A.-Saxon name.

There has been sporadic confusion with
Swetenham, q.v.

SWEETNAM, v. Swetenham.

SWEETSER ■>

SWEET SIR (Eng. -J- A.-Fr.-Lat.) Sweet

SWEETSIRE f Sir [v. Sweet and Sire]

sweetzerJ

Richard Swetesire. —

Close Rolls, A.D. 1355.
There has been confusion with
Swltzer, q.v.

SWENEYl i.e^„„„/ v„ _„
SWENY ; Sween(e)y, q.v.

SWEPSTONE (Eng.) Bel. to Swepstone
(Leic), the Domesday Scopestone [O.E.
Stan, a stone : the first element is app. f.
the pret., scop, of O.E. scieppan, to create,
form ; and the reference is doubtless to a
figured or ornamental stone of some kind
(rather than to the 'Stone of the Poet'

[O.E. scSpl

Swetenham

204

Swinerton

SWETENHAM ] (Eng.^ Bel. lo Swettenham

SWETNAM KChesh.), I3th-i4th cent.

S)NETTEN»/KM } Swetenham = Sweta's

Home [A.-Sax. *Swetan-hdm — Swdtan-,

genit. of Sweta (f. swite, sweet) + Mm,

home, estate]

The -h- in the surname began early to
drop out —
Hankyn de Swetenam. —

Pat. Rolls, A.D. 1403.

There has been occ. confusion with
Swetman.

SWETMAN (Eng.) the Domesday and A.-Sax.
Swetman = Sweet Man [O.E. sw^te +

man'\

SWIFT (Eng.) [M.E. swyft, O.E. swift, fleet]

SWINBANK (Eng. and Scand.) Dweller at the

Swine-Bank [O.E. swin = O.N. suin;

and see under Bank]

A Westmoreland Swinbank occurs in
the 1 6th cent, as Swynebank.

(Eng.) Bel, to Swinburn ; or

Dweller at the Swine-Brook

[O.E. swin -f- burne\

SWINBORN
SWINBORNE
SWINBURN
SWINBURNE

The Northumbrian Swinburn, 13th
cent. Svjytibume, " takes its name from the
Swinburn brook, a tributary of the North
Tyne." {Nat. Gas.)

(Scand.) the O.Scand. SuinbiSm —

Wise Bear [O.N. suinn-r, wise, intelligent

-\- biont, a bear]

SWIN DALE ] (Eng. and Scand.) Bel. to Swin-

SWINDELL \ dale ; or Dweller at the Swine-

SWINDLE J Valley {O.E. swin = O.N. suin

+ O.E. dcel = O.N. dal-r]

Swindale, Westmd., was Swindale c.

1200.

SWINDELLS \ pi., and genit., of Swindell,
SWINDLES /Swindle.

But the Chesh. Swindells are said to
owe their name to a spot called Swyndelves
[O.E. ge)delf, a ditch, trench] in the 14th
cent.

SWINDEN ■) (Eng.) Bel. to Swinden ; or

SWIN DIN J Dweller at the Swine- Valley

[O.E. swin + denu]

The W. Yorks Swinden was Swyndenie
in the 14th cent., Suindene in Domesday-
Book.

SWINDLEHURST (Eng.) Dweller at i the

Swine-Dale Wood [v. under Swindale,

and -t- O.E. hyrst, a wood]

2 the Swine-Lea Wood [v. under
Swinley, and + O.E. hyrst]

A ' John Swinlehurst ' occurs in a
Lane. doct. a.d. 1576.

SWINDLEY for Swinley, q.v.

SWIN DON (Eng.) Bel. to Swindon ; or Dweller
at the Swine-Hill [O.E. swin -f </«»]
The Wilts place was Suindune in
Domesday-Book ; the Staffs place Swine^
dun in the 12th cent. A swindUn ('at
swindHne'^-AaA.) occurs in a gth-cent.
Dorset charter ('C.S.' no. 525).

SWIN FEN (Eng.) Bel. to Swinfen ; or Dweller
at the Swine-Fen [O.E. swin +/eHn]

The Staffs place was Swynefen in the
13th cent., Swinfen in the 12th cent.

SWIN FORD (Eng.) Bel. to Swinford; or

Dweller at the Swine-Ford [O.E. swin

(occ. sw^n) +ford]

"iErest on swynford. of swinforda
[daU ..."

(First to Swinford ; from S • ■ • )

— loth-cent. Staffs Charter; Cart. Sax.

no. 1023.

SWINGLEHURST for Swindlehurst q.v. [cp.
'shingle' from 'shindle']

SWINGLER (Eng.) Swingle- User ; Flax-
Dresser [f. M.E. swinglen (M.Dut.
swingelen), to beat flax ; O.E. swinglian
(O.E. swingell, swingle, a beating, stroke]

SWINHOE (Eng.) Bel. to Swinhoe (North-
umb.), A.D. 1315-16 Swyneho = the
Swine-Hill or -Ridge [O.E. swin + hd]

SWINHOPE (Eng.) Bel. to Swinhope ; or

Dweller at the Swine-Hope [O.E. swin;

and V. Hope]

SWINLEY (EngJ Bel. to Swinley ; or Dweller

at the Swine-Lea [O.E. swin + ledh]

Swinley, Berks, occurs as 'a&i Swinled'
(dat.) in a land-charter dated a.d. 942.

SWINNARD \ (Eng.) Swineherd [M.E.
SWINNART J swynherd, swynhird{e, O.E.

swin-hierde^

SWINNERTONl (Eng.) Bel. to Swinnerton
SWINERTON /(Staffs) [The 13th - 14th
cent, forms Swinfqrlon, Swineforton point
to 'Swine-ford Farm' (" the village is
near the R. Sow"); but the name of the
place evidently changed some time in the
13th cent., as (ace. to Staffs topographers)
it occurs as Sulvertone in Domesday-Book
and Silverton and Soulverton a.d. 1205-6,
implying a pers. name from O.E. seoifor,
silver -|- tAn, farm, estatej

Swinney

aos

Sympaon

SWINNEY = Sweeney, q.v.

SWINSCOE \ (Scand.) Bel. to Swinscoe
SWI NSCOW / (Staffs), 13th cent. Swyneskow,

Sviiniscow = the Swine-Wood [O.N.

sutn + skdg-r (Dan.-Norw. skov), a wood]

SWINSTEAD (Eng.) Bel. to Swinstead; or
Dweller at the Swine-Place [O.E. swin

+ stede]
Swinstead, Lines, was Swynested in the
13th cent.

SWINTON (Eng.) Bel. to Swinton; or Dweller
at the Swine-Enclosure or -Farm [O.E.

swin -I- ftin]
SWINYARD (EngO i Dweller at the Swine-
Enclosure {O.E. swin+geard, enclosure,

yard]
2 for Swinnard, q.v.

SWIRE (Eng.) I a nickname from some pecu-
liarity of the Neck [M.E. swire, swyer,
swyre, swiere, swer'e, etc., O.E. sw^ora
(= O.N. sutri), the neck]
a Dweller at a Swire [Dial. E. swirei
'a hollow near the top of aliill'; etym. as']

Cp. the Dorset place-name Swyre.

(rarely) 3 Cousin [O.E. sw^or (= Ger.

schwieger-)

(A.-Fr.-Lat.) a weak form of Squire, q.v.

SWITHEN 1 (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Swibhun =
SWITHIN J Strong Hun [O.E. smj, strong]

SWITHENBANK 1 (Eng.) Dweller at Swith-
SWITHINBANK J iN's Bank [v. Swithin and

Bank]

SWITZER (Swiss) a Swiss [Early Mod. E.

Switzer = Ger. Schweizer: Schweis, the

Ger. name of Switzerland, is f. the canton

and town of- Schwyz, a name prob. of

Romanic (Romansch) orig.]

Where are my Switzers ?
Let them guard the doore. —

Hamlet (ed. 1623), IV. v. 97-8.

SWORDER (Eng.) Sword - Maker [M.E.

swerder; f. (with agent, suff. -er) O.E.

sweord, a sword]

SWORDSLIPPER : v. under Slipper.

SWYER = Swire, q.v.

SWYNY = Sweeny (esp. 2), q.v.

SYDDALL = Siddall, q.v.

SYDENHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Sydenham (Kent,
Oxford, Devon), I3th-I4th cent. Sydenham,
Sidenhani, A.-Sax. Sidan Mm = Sida's
Home [the pers. name Sida, genit. Sidan-,
is f. O.E. sidu, m., virtue, chastity, or O.E.
sid, broad ;-^ rf- O.E. Mm, home, estate]

8YDER

well-behaved, respectable]

She's a girt [great] sider.r—

Lonsdale Gloss-, p. 74.
SYDNEY, V. Sidney.

SYER I = Sire, q.v.

2 a diphthongized descendant of the
A.-Sax. Sigehere : v. Seger'.,

SYERS, Syer's (Son).

SYKE (Eng. and Scand.) Dweller by a Rill,

Gutter, or Small Watercourse

fO.(N.)E. sic = O.N. sik]

Henricus del Syke. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

Syke. — a rill or small brook, more par-
ticularly in a low, boggy situation.^-
M^TS^idiW, Rural Econ. of Yorks

(Glossary), 1788.

Syke. — a small wet hollow. —

Cunibd. Gloss., p. 98.
SYKES, pi., and genit., of Syke.

Rogerus del Sykes. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

SYLVESTER = Silvester, q.v.

SYMCOX = SImoox, q.v.

SYME = SIme, q.v.

SYMES = SImes, q.v.

SYMINGTON (Scot.-Eng.) Bel. to Symington

(Ayr: 13th cent. Symondstona; Lanark:

1 2th cent. Villa Symonis Locard) =

Symon(d)'s or Simon(d)'s Estate fv.

Slmon(d ; and -|- O.E. /«'n]

Malcolm Locard possessed lands in
Ayrshire, 1164, and was father of Symon,
who acquired Symondstoun or Symington,
CO. Lanark. —

Burke's Peerage, etc.,s.n. 'Lockhart.'

SYMMONDS \
SYMMONS j

:SlmmondSi Simmons, q.v.

SYMMS \ _Bi„,m= „„

SYMMESr-^""'"^'^''-

j- = Simon, Simond, q.v.

SYMON
SYMOND

SYMONS^l =Simond8, Simons, q.v.
SYMONDSON : Symond's Son,
SYMPSON = Simpson, q.v.

Syms

206

Tafoer

SYMS = Sims, q.v.

SYNNOtJt} = Sinnett, Sinnott, q.v.

SYNYER for Senior, q.v.

SYRE = Syer, q.v.

SYRED == Slped, q.v.
SYRES = Syers, q.v.
SYRETT = Sirett, q.v.

IyIISn} =Si9(s)on,q.v.

TAAFFE (Celt.) Quiet, Sluggish [Ir. tamh

(mh as vor/]
The Irish form of this name is given by
de Wulf, 'Sloinnte Gaedheal is Gall', p.
97, as Tabh (cp. Ir. tabh, ocean) ; but this
is prob. due to an error, especially as
tabh seems to be a borrowed word.

In a note in the 'Annals of the Four
Masters,' under a.d. 1485, the editor says
that'Taa'"is the present Irish form of
the name Taaffe in the county of Louth."

TABARAR = Tab(b)epep, q.v.

TABB, an abbrev. of one of the Tab(b- names.

The rare A.-Sax. pers. name Teebba (7th
cent.), of uncertain orig., can hardly have
left descendants.

TAB(B)ERER (A. - Fr. - Span. - Ar.) Tabour-

Player ; Drummer [M.E. tab(o)urer ; f.

M.E. O.Fr. tabo(u)r (Fr. tambour), a small

drum ; through Span. f. Arab, and Pers.

tambur, a guitar, drum]

John le Taburer.— /ftt«rf. Rolls.

TABER, meton. for Taberer, q.v.

TABERNER i = Tavernep, q.v.

Benedict Taberner. — Hund. Rolls.

2 Tabour-Player [f. M.E. tahurn(e, a

form ot O.Fr. tabourin (Fr. tambourin), a

small drum, tambourine; a dim. oitabo(ii)r:

V. under Tab(b)epep]

Willelmus Taburner. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

In Latin vocabularies of the M.E. period

taburner and the less correct taberner are

glossed timpanista and timpanizator[{. Lat.

tympanum, a tambourine, kettledrum]

TABLER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Table- or Tablet-
Maker (playing tables or boards and
writing-tablets being more particularly
meant) [f. Fr. table ; Lat. tabula, a board,
gaming-board, writing-tablet]

Bartholomew le Tabler.— Wn<* of Pari.

TABLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Tabley (Chesh.), 13th,

cent. Tabbele, A.-Sax. *Tabban-ledli =

T^bba's Lea [A.-Sax. Teebban-, genit. of

T<gbba : v, note under Tabb]

TA'BOIS, V. Talboys.
TABOR, meton. for Tabopep.

\ V. Tab(b)e

TABORER
TABRAR

TACEY, a double dim. of Eustace, q.v.

TACKLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Tackley (Oxf. : 13th

cent. TaMk)ele), Takeley (Essex: 13th

cetit.Takeleye, Tackeleg),A.-Sax.*Tiec{c)an'

ledh (Teec(c)an; genit. of *Ttec{c)a) =

T/ec(c)a's Lea

TACON (Fr.-Teut.) Moisy, 'Noms de Famille
Norm.' (p. 423), gives as the origin
of the evid. allied Taguet the Norm. Dial.
taque, 'a nail' (cogn. with E. 'tack') ; but it
is much more likely to be the first element
of a Norse Thak- name [O.N. ^aik^ later
J>i*fe (Dan.-Norw. toJt) = O.E. j'anc, thought,
I'avour, grace (thanks): see underTancred]
with the Fr. dim. suff. -et (-on in the case
of Tacon).

We also find in France the dims.
Taconet, Taconnet, Tacnet, Taconnot; as
well as Tacot.

The pers. element in the Norfolk place-
name Tacolneston is prob. a Scand.
T{h)akulf (= A.-Sax. Thancwulf) ; and the
medial '« in the place-name an early
misreading for v.

TADD is prob. for the Wei. tad, 'father'.

TADHUNTER for Todhuntep, q.v.

TADLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Tadley (Hants)^ a.d.
909 Tadanledh = Tada's Lea [A.-Sax.
Tadan-, genit. of Tada ; prob. borrowed
f. Wei. tad. father]

TADLOO 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Tadlow (Camb.)
TADLOWJi3th cent. Tadelowe, A.-Sax.
*Tadan-hMw = Tada's Hill or Tumu-
lus [v. under Tadley]

TADMAN (Eng.) for the A.-Sax. Tdtmann =
Merry Man [O.E. tdt- (= O.N. teit-r),
cneerful, merry]
TAFF = Taaffe, q.v.

TAFNER for TavePnep, q.v,

Taft

ao7

Talmati

TAFT, a North, form of Toft, q.v. (as 'craft' is

"Taft, a messuage".- °f '<=™ft')

Jamieson, Scot Diet.
TAGART "1 ((.gjj J j,pjjjj. jjf MaoTaggart,
q.v.

TAGERT
TAGGART

TAGG (Scand.) a nickname from the animal

[Dial. E. tag, a yearling sheep: cp. Swed.

tacka,, a ewe]

"Tag, Tagge, a sheep of the first year". —

Cp. Tegg. ^"^*' ^^"*' ^"''■

(A.-Gr.) a pet form of Agnes [Gr. ayi/lx,
pure, chaste, sacred]

Both Tag and Tagge occur as surnames
in the Yorks Poll-Tax a.d. 1379.

TAGG ETT \ = -^^Sg (q-v.) + the Ff. dim.
TAGGITT

suff. -et.

TAGUE (Celt.) a contr. of Mac Tague, q.v.

TAILER, V. Taylor.

TAILYOUR, a Scot, form of Taylor, q.v.

Tailyouris [var. Telyouris\ and Sowtaris,
blist be ye ! —

Dunbar, Telyouris and SenvtariS'
. . . litstaris, wobstaris, tailyeouris. —
Burgh Seeds. Aberdeen, A.D. 1505.

TAINTER 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Tinter, Dyer

TAI NTERER S- [f. Fr. teint, a dye (Fr. teinturier,

TAI NTOR ) a dyer) ; Lat. tinct-^s, a dyeing

—'tingere, to dye]

Stephen le Teynterer. — Hund. Rolls.

John le Teyntour.— i?oWs of Pari.

TAIT "I (A.-Scand.) Cheerful, Gay, Brisk
TAITE • [M.E. te:v/, tete (Scot, tait), O.E. tdt
TAITT J = O.N.te«-r]

(later) (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i a nickname from
some peculiarity of the Head [Fr. tlte^
O.Fr. teste, a head ; Lat. testa, a pot, (fig.)

a skull]

2 Tite is also a French local name (cp.
Head).

(A. - Fr.) Pillager, Bandit
fO.Fr. talebot'\

TALBOT
TALBOTT
TALBUT
TALBUTTJ

Talebotus Talebot.—

Pine-Rolls, A.D. 1284.
Ta/Jo/ occurs in the listof "Compagnons
de, Guillaume ^ la CpnquSte de I'Angle-
terre en MLXVI" graven over the main
doorway (inside) of the old church at
DiveS; and, of course, in the alleged copies
of the Roll of Battle Abbey.

In the dialect of Normandy talbot signi-
fies 'lampblack', 'pot-black'—

Talehot s'est dit dans I'andenne langue
pour pillard, voleur; peut-Stre pourrait-on
rattacher cette denomination k I'habitude
qu'avaient et qu'ont gard6e certains
bandits de se rendre m6connaissables en
se noircissant le visage. — ,

Moisy, Diet. Patois Norm., p. 615.

TALBOYS (A.-Fr..Lat. + Teut.) i Bel. to

Taillebois (Orne, Normandy) ; or Dweller

at the Cut Wood [f. Fr. tailler, to cut (cp.

Tallis) ; and see Boys, BoyceJ

2 Wood-Cutter or -Trimmer [same

Cp.Talfer. ^'^""-^

TALFER ) (A,-Fr.-Lat.) the Fr. Taillefer, a
TALFOR ( trade- or nick-name = Cut Iron
[f. Fr. tailler, to cut (cp. Tallis), and -1- Fr,
fer, Lat. ferr-um, iron]
William Tailefer.— .ff»«rf. Rolls.
As one of William the First's com-
panions, Taillefer is mentioned more than
once by Wace —

Sires, dist [dit] Taillefer, merci,
Jo [je] vos ai lungement servi. —

Roman deRou, ii. 183 sqq.

TALIE8IN (Celt.) Fair Front, Radiant
Brow [Wei. tal, the front, forehead, etc.+
iesin, fair, radiant, etc.]
TALINTIRE (Celt.) Bel. to Tallentire (Cumb.),
A.D. 120S Talghentir [app. Cym. taken
(c as k), front, brow + tir, land : this ety-
mology seems to be borne out by the
topography — " the village is situated on
a declivity"]
TALLACK (Celt.) As this is a Cornish name
the orig. may be the Corn, form (talhac) of
Wei. talaivg, 'having a large forehead' [f.
Corn, and Wei. (and Bret.) tal, the front,

forehead.]

The cogn. Bret, talek, 'qui a un gratia

front', is used as a family-name in Brittany.

TALLAND 1 (Celt.) Bel. to Talland (Cornwall),

TALLANT J evid. named from the Saint

Tallan to whom the church is dedicated.

TALLBOY, an imit. form of Talboys, q.v.

TALLEMACH(E (Fr.) a nickname from the

O.Fr. tal{e)mache, 'wallet,' 'knapsack.'

Peter Talemache.— if««rf. Rolls.

TALLERMAN (Eng.)prob.forTallman (q.v.),
in which case -er is a phon. intrusion ; it
may, however, be the compar. suff.

TALLIS (A..Fr.-LatJ Dweller at the Cut or
Trimmed Copse [Fr., taillis, a copse ;
prop, "jeune bois mis en coupe r6gl6e"; f.
Fr. tailler.to cut; Lat. talea, a cutting, graft]

TALLMAN T (Eng.) Willing or Prompt Man
TALMAN J [M.E, tal, willing, obedient : cp.
O.E. ge)tal, duick, prompt]
Walter Talman.-

Soms. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. 1337,

Talmadge

TAM, a North, form of T(h)om, q.v.

TAMBLIN 1 North, forms (with intrus. -J-) of
TAMBLYN J Tomlin, q.v.

TAME (Celt.) Bel. to Thame ; or Dweller by

the R. Tame or Thame [O.Celt, tdm,

quiet, placid]

John de Tame (Oxon)— /7«»i. Soils.

TAM KIN = Tam, T(h)om (q.v.) + the E.
(double) dim. suff. -kin [O.Low Teut.

-k-in]

TAMLYN } ^°'^'^- ^°™® °^ Tomlin, q.v.

TAMMAGE, an assim^ form of Talmage,
Tallemach(e, q.v.

TAMPLIN 1 North, forms (with intrus. -/>-)
TAMPLING r of Tomlin, q.v.

TAMS, TAM'S (Son) 1 „ Tom T<'h^nm

TAMSON, Tam's Son] ^- ^^'^^ T(h)om.

TANCOCK I = Tann' (q.v.) + the pet suff.
-cock.

3 an unvoiced form of Dancock, q.v.

TANCRED (A.-Fr..Teut.) the O.Teut. Tancrad,
Dancrat(A..Sax.Thancred,O.^.Thak(k)rad),
&c. = Gracious Counsel [O.H.Ger.
danc = O.Sax. thank = O.E. ^anc = O.N.
Yakk-, Y'oldl, thought, favour, grace, thank
+ O.H.Ger. rdt = O.Sax. rdd = O.E.
rckd = O.N. rats, advice, counsel]

TANDY, an unvoiced form of Dandy, q.v.

TANFIELD (Eng.) Bel. to TanEeld (Yorks« :
14th cent. Tanfeld, Domesday Tanefeld;
Durh.) = the Scrubby Field [O.E. tdn,
pi. of td, a twig, branch + feld, a field,

plain] >

TANGYE (A.-Fr.-Celt. and Corn.) the Fr.

Tanguy, Bret. Tanguy, Tanneguy (M.Lat.

Tanneguidus) [perh. Bret, tdn (5= Wei.

and Corn, tdn), fire + Bret. guiti(= Wei.

gwiw, Corn, gwyw, apt), brisk]

Jenner (who does not attempt to ex-
plain the name) has the following note: —

"Tangye (Tanguy, a quite common name
in Brittany, from St. Tanguy, one of the
entourage of St. Pol of Leon).''— 'Corn.
Names' : Hdbk. Com. Lang., 1904, p. 199.

For the first element we may compare
the fem. name Tannwen of the ' Mabinog-
ion.'

Doubtless the Tengy (not infreq.) of the
Hundred-Rolls (a.d. 1274) is the same
name —

Tengy ad Fontera (Camb.)

308

Tapeser

I for Tan c red, q.v.

TANKARD
TANKERD

Both of these forms of Tancred are
found as early as the 14th cent, in Eng.
records.

TANKERAY, v. Tanquenay.

TANN (Eng.) Dweller at the Scrub [v. under

Tanfield]
William de Tan.—

Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.

There is a Tan Hill in Yorks.

(Scand.) an O.Scand. pers. name =

Tooth, Tusk [O.N. tann-r, later tsnn;

.seen in Hilditann-r, etc.]

Adam Tan. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

TANNAR\ (Eng.) Leather-Maker [O.E.
TANNER r tannere\

See the quot. from 'The Tanner of
Tamworth' under Barker.

TANNATTl = Tann' (q.v.) -|- the Fr. dim.
TAN N ETT J suff. -at, -et.

There seems to have been some con-
fusion with Dannatt, Dannett, q.v.

TAN NOCH 1 (Celt.) Dweller at a Meadow
TANNOCK J [Gael, (and Ir.) tamhnachi

TANQUERAY (Fr.-Teut.) Bel. to Tanqueray
(France), M.Lat.*ra«cAmac«»i =T(h)anc-
heri's Estate [for the first element see
under Tanored: the second is O.Sax. and
O.H.Ger. fieri, army; the third is the
Lat.-Gaul. possess, suff. -dc-um]

The Seine-Inf^rieure place-name Tan-
carville is the same name with the Lat.-
Gaul. poss. suff. replaced by Lat. villa.

TANSLEY. Bel. to Tansley (Derby), the
Domesday Taneslege [O.E. ledh, a lea : the
first element seems to be the genit. of the
O.Scand. pers. name Tann-r (v. Tann'],

TANTON (Celt.+E.) Bel. to i Tanton (Yorks),

the Domesday Tametun = the Enclosure

or Dwelling(s on the R. Tame [O.E. tun,

enclosure, etc. ; and see under Tame]

2 Taunton (Soms.), 13th cent. Tanton
A.-Sax. Tantiin = the Enclosure or
Dwelling(s on the R. Tan (now Tone)
[O.E. tun, enclosure, etc.: for the river-
name cp. O.Ir. tdin, tdn, water]

Guido de Tanton. —

Hund. Rolls (Soms.).

tapIsIrI'-t^p'^^^)^"'

Taphouse

209

Tarr

TAPHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at a Tavern or
Inn [O.E. tceppa, a tap + hus\

Their senses are with blacke damnation
drunke,

Whose heart is Satans tap-house or
his inne. —

John Taylor, Workes (1630) i. 3.

There are places called Tap House in
both Devon and Cornwall. ,

TAPISER 1 (A.-Fr. - Lat. - Gr.) Tapestry-
TAPISSER j- Worker, Upholsterer [Fr.
TAPSER j tapissier ; f. Fr. tapisserie, tapes-
try, to/iji, a carpet, etc.; Lat. to/>?/e, tapestry,
etc., Gr. Tiiriit, a carpet, rug]

TAPLAY 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Tap(e)ley (Devon),

TAPLEY I iz'(iicmtTapplegh,A..-S>?>.-x..*T(eppan-

Jedh = TiEPPA's Lea [the pers. , name

Ttzppa, genit. Teeppan-, is app. a nickname

(for an innkeeper) f. O.E. teeppa, m., a tap

(whence ttsppere, a tavern-keeper]

There may have been sporadic confusion

with Tabley, q.v.

TAPLIN = Tamplin (q.v.), with -m- assim.
to -P-.

TAPLING = Taplin with intrus. -g.

TAPP (Eng.) I the A.-Sax. pers. name Tappa :
V. under Tapley.

2 an abbrev. of one of the Tap- names.

3 a North, (esp. Scot.) form of Topp,q.v.

TAPPENDEN (Eng.) Bel. to Tappenden or

Toppenderi (Kent), anc. Tappendene,

A.-Sax. *T(eppan-denu=TMPPA's Valley

ITiBppan-, genit. of Tteppa : v. under

Tapley]

TAPPER (Eng.) Beer-Seller, Innkeeper
[M.E. tapper{e, O.E. tappere]

John le Tapper. — Hund. Rolls.

TAPPIN = Tapp (q.v.) + the;A.-Fr. dim.
suff. -in.

TAPPING I = Tappin, with intrus. -^.

2 for an A.-Sax. Tapping— Tapp- +
the fil. suff. -ing : v. under Tapley.

Cp. ' Tapping-oe Hall', Essex.

TAPPLY = Tapley (q.v.)

TAPSCOTT (Eng.) Dweller at Ta(p)p's Cot

[v. under Tapp, and -)- M.E. cotl, O.E.

' cot, a cottage]

TAPSQN, Tap(p)'s Son ; v. Tapp.

TAPSTER (Eng.) (orig. female) Beer-Seller,
Innkeeper [M.E. tappester(e, O.E.

tappestre]
He knew the tavernes well in all the

toun.
And everich hostiler and tappestere. —
Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 240-1,
TARBARD
TARBART

TARBERT \ forms of Torbart (etc.), q.v.
TAR BET
TARBUTT

TARBERT \ (Celt.) Bel. to Tarbet or Tar-
TARBET jbert = the Isthmus [Gael, tair-

beart\
Tarbet or Tarbert, co. Argyle, "is sit-
uated on a neck of land between East
and West Tarbert Lochs".

(Scand.) for Torbert, q.v.

TARBOCK \ (Scand.) Bel. to Tarbock (Lanes),

TARBUCKJanc. Torboc, Torhec = Thor's

Brook [O.N. bekk-r, a brook]

TARGE (Fr.-Teut. and E.) a nickname and

(later) local name [Fr. targe, a shield,

target ; O.N. targa = O.E. targe, targa, a

small shield]

Richard Targe. — Hund. Rolls.

TARGETT i = Targe (q.v.) -f the Fr. dim.
suif. -et. [O.Fr. targuete, a small shield]

Often meton. for Targetman —
"Scutati . . . Armezdeboucliers. The
shieldbearers, or targetmen." —

Nomenclator, A.D. 1585.
2 for Torgett, q.v.

TARL(E)TON (Scand.) Bel. to Tarleton

(Lanes: i3tn cent. Tarleton; Glouc. : anc.

Thorleton) = Tarald's or Thorwald's

Estate [v. under Thorald, and -|- O.N.

tun, enclosure, estate, etc.]

The form of the pers. name in this
place-name is exactly paralleled by the
Norw. place-name TarlebS, in 1563
Tharallebo.

Tarald and Torald are present-day
Norwegian forms of the O.N. Thirald-r
or Thoruald-r.

TARLING: v.TeMing,

TARN (Scand.) Dweller by a Pool [M.E.
tern(e, O.N. tisrn]

In Kyng Arthurs tym ane awntyr [ad-
venture] bityde

BythererKeWathelynr'TgaraWadling,
or Tarn Watling,in Cutnberland "]. —

The Awntyrs of Arthure, 1-2.

TARR, a var, of Tppr, q.v.

Tarrant

210

Tawyer

TARRANT (Celt.) Bel. to Tarrant (Dorset),
named t. the River, 9-i3th cent. Tarent
[f. (with post-« intrus. -/) the early form
ofWel. (and Corn.)Yara«(«, noise, thunder
= Bret, taran, noise-maker = Ir. toran,
'a sounding or great noise' (E.Ir. torand,
thunder) = Gael, torunn, 'a loud, murmur-
, ing noise']
Tarent Abb'ia. —

Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1236-7.

TARRETt) **"' Terratt, Terrett, q.v.

T^RRY^ } forms of Terry, q.v.

TARTT } (^°S.) Sharp, Severe [O.E. t{.e)ari\

TASKER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Thrasher, Reaper;
Task- Worker, i.e. Piece-Worker [M.E.
taskerie ; f. (with agent, suff. -er) M.E.
taske, O.Fr. tasque, tasche (Fr. tdche), a task;
L.Lat. tasca, taxa, a tax; Lat. taxare, to

appraise]
Gilbert Tasker. —

Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.
Henry le Taskere.?—

Lane. Ing., A.D. 1293.

TASSELL (A.-Fr.-Lat:) a nickname from the

Hawk [M.E. tassel{l for earlier tercel, O.Fr.

t{i)ercel, male hawk ; f . (with dim. suff. -el)

O.Fr. tierce, tiers, Lat, tertius, third]

(A.-Fr..Teut.) the French Tassel, a dim.

f. the O.Ger. Tas{s)o.

(A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) a double dim. L
Eustace, q.v.

TASSEL(L)ER, a form of Teaslep, q.v.

TATCHELL, the Frenchrac^e/ (^aterTacheau),
a double dim. f. Eustache: v. Eustace
l-el, dim. suff. ; Lat. -ell-us]
Gilbert Tachel.— if«n(/. Rolls.
TATE, V. Tait(e.

Nicholas Tate.— Hund. Rolls.

TATlM'""}fo^Tatham,q.v.

TATHAM(Eng.) Bel, to Tatham (Lanes), 13th

cent. Tateham, tatham = Tata's (m.) or

Tate's (f.) Home [v. under Tait(e, and

+ O.E. Mm, home, estate]

TATLOCK (Eng.) Bel. to Tatlock (Chesh. or
SXancs), i6th cent, same spelling[the first
dementis the A.-Sax.pers. name Tata (m.)
or Tate (f.) (v. under Tait(e) : the second
element is rather for O.E. lacu, a stream,
th^n 0,£. loc{a, an enclosure, stronghold]

TATLOW (Eng.) Bel. to Tetlow (Lanes), 14th
cent. Tetlawe=TiETA.'s Hill or Tumulus
[the A.-Sax. pers. name Tata is a var. of
Tata (v. under Tait(e) :■ — l-O.E. hlAw,

hill, etc.]
Some confusion with Tad low (q.v.)
was inevitable.

TATNELl} fo"- Tattenhair, q.v.
TATTAM for Tatham, q.v.

TATTENHALL (Eng.) Bel. to Tattenhall
(Chesh.), A.D. 1303-4 Tatenhale, A-Sax.
*ratanA(«)a?/=TATA'sHALL[rata»-,genit.
of Tata (v. under Tait(e) + O.E. A(e)aH,

a hall]

TATTERSALL "I (Eng.; Bel. to Tattershalt

TATTERSHALL f (Lines), 13th cent. Tattes-

hall, Tateshale, A.-Sax. *Tatesh(e)all =

Tat's Hall [v. under Tait(e, and +

O.E. h{e)atl, a hall]

TATTON (Eng.) Bel. to Tatton (Chesh.),
13th cent. Tatton, A.-Sax. *Tatan-tiin =
Tata's Estate [Tahn-, genit. of Tata
(v. under. Tait(e) -|- O.E. tUn, estate, etc.]

TATUM for Tatham, q.v.

TAUNTON (Celt. + E.) Bel. to Taunton : v.
Tanton'.

TAVENER ^

TAVERNER

TAVERNOR

TAVINER

TAVINOR

TAVNER

TAVNOR ,

(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Tavern-Keeper

[M.E. taverner, etc.Fr. tavemier,

f. Fr. taverne, a tavern, Lat.

tdbema, a hut]

Falco le Taverner. — Hund.Rolls.

Rie'us Taverner.—

Inq. adq. Damn., A.D. 1410-11.

Thiseriotoures thre, of whiche Itelle ...
Were set hem in a taverne forto drynke...
By Seinte Marie I seyde this taverner. —
Chaucer, Cant. Tales, C 661, etc.

TAVISTOCK (Celt. + E.) Bel. to Tavistock
(Devon), a.d. 981 lavistoc — 'at Tavistoce',
(daU = the Dwelling(s on the R. Tavy
[O.E. st6c,a dwelling-place : for the river-
name cp. Ir. tamhach (nth as v), quiet,
sluggish, the stem of which (tamh) is
cognate with Wei. taw (also a river-name),

still, quiet]
Abbas de Tavistock. —

Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1285-6.

\ (Eng.)
TAWYER J M.E,

TAWER

Leather-Dresser [f.

taiven, to prepare skins ;

O.E. tdwian, to prepare, dress]

Tayler

ail

Tedmund

TAYLER \ (A.-Fr..Lat.) Tailor [M.E. toy-

TAYLOR/ lo{u)r, tayler, etc., O.Fr. taitteor

(Fr. tailleur), prop, cutter; Fr. tailler, to

cut ; Lat. talea, a cutting]

This name was Latinized Pamtentdrius.

Some foolish knave (I thinke) at first

began
The slander that three Taylers are one

man ;
When many a Taylers boy I know hath

beene
Hath made tall men much fearefuU io

be seene. —

John Taylor, Workes (1630), iii. 73.

Tay!:IrIon}('^^) TAILOR'S Son.

TAYNTON (Eng.) Bel. to Taynton (Oxford :
13th cent. Teynton; Glouc. : 13th cent.
Teynton, Tethingtone, etc., Domesday
Tetinton, Tatinion, prob. representing an
A.-Sax. *Tcetan-tiln = TjETa's Estate
[Talati; genit. of Tceta : the pers. name is
prob. conn, with O.E. tpetan, to caress, and
therefore with O.E. tat = O.N. teit-r,

cheerful]

TEAGUE, acontractedvar. of Mao Tigue, q.v.
TEAKLE = Tickle, q.v.

(Teut.) a nickname from theWATER-
FowL [M.E. tele, O.E. *tckle]

TEAL

TEALE

TEALL

Martin Tele.— Hund. Rolls.

TEALING (Teut.) iia nickname from the

waterfowl, the Teal [cp. M.Dut. teeling,

mod. taling, a teal]

2 Bel. to Tealing (Forfar), 15 th cent.

Teling.

TEAR "1 (Eng.) Dweller at a Peak or Point
TEAPE J [West. Eng. leap ; a lengthening of

E. 'tip']

TEAR I (Celt.) contr. of Mao Tear, a form
TEARE J of Mao Intyre, q.v.

TEARLE (Eng.) Stern, Strict, Severe

> [O.E. ^earl]

:|:|A|}= Tees, q.v.

TEASDALE = Teesdale, q.v.

TEASLER (Eng.) Teaser, Carder [f. O.E.
Idsel, a teasel; tdsan,to tease or card (wool]

TEBAY \ (Scand.) Bel. to Tebay (Westmd.),
TEEBAYJi4th cent. Tybay, Tybey(e, 13th
cent. Tibbeie, Tybbeye, Thebeye, Thyby, etc.
[Earlier forms are desirable ; but as the
township is " situated under Tebay Fell "
the name is evid, Scand., and the second

element rather O.N. bf-r, a farm, estate,
than O.N. ey, island ; the first element
doubtless being an abrasion of a pers.
name, prob. one of the various O.N, Thio'S-
( = A.-Sax. Th^od-) names]

TEBB, a pet form of Theobald, q.v.

TEBBAT(T
TEBBET(T
TEBBIT(T
TEBBOT(T

tebbut(t;

1 = Tebb (q.v.) + the Fr. dim.
suff. -flt, -et, -ot.

2 weak forms (cp. the ¥v.ThSbaut,
Thiebaut) of Theobald, q.v.

TEBBAT(T)S
TEBBET(T)S
TEBBIT(T)S
TEBBOT(T)S
TEBBUT(T)S;

= Tebbat(t)'s, etc., (Son) : v.
Tebbat(t, etc.

TEBBS
TEBBES

I Tebb's (Son) : V. Tebb.

TEBBY I = Tebb (q.v.) + theE. dim. suff. -y.
2 conf. with Tebay.

TEDD (Eng.) a descendant of the first element

of an A.-Sax. Theod- name (as Theodbald,

Theodberht, Theodred, Theodric, etc.) [O.E.

^eSd, nation, people]

The ibth-cent. Bishop of London,
Theodred, was also called Tedred; and
Tedric is a common Domesday form of
Theodric.

Nowadays 'Ted' is used as a pet form
of 'Edward'.

TEDDER (Eng.) for the A.-Sax. Theodhere =

National Army [O.E. ^edd, nation, people

+ here, army]

TEDDINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to i Teddington
(Wore), A.D. 969 Teottingc[_a]tun, a.d. 780
' Teotting[a]tun — the Estate of the
Teotta Family [Teotta is app. a pet
form of an A.-Sax. Theod- name (y. Te^d)
-I- -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing +
iuK, estate, etc.]

2 Teddington (M'sex), anc. Todynton [the
etymol. is prob. the same as i]

TEDMAN for Tedmond, q.v.

TEDMONDHEng.) i for the A.-Sax. Theod-

TEDMUNDJ »i««i= National Protector

[O.E. \edd, nation, people -|- mund, hand,

protector]

2 for (Bury) St. Edmund (with the -/ of
'St.' attracted to the pers. name) : v.
Edmund.

Godfrey 4e St. Edmund. —

Hmd. Rolls (Norf.).

Tee

im

Templeton

I var. of Tedd, q.v.

TEE I for Tighe : v. Mao TIghe.

2 poss. also representing the initial of

some T name : we may compare

Teebee, near Washington, U.S.A., which
name, it is beUeved, represents the
initials of Thomas Blandford, an early
proprietor.

TEEBAY, V. Tebay.

TEECE for Tees. q.v.

TEED
TEEDE

TEER, a contr. of Mac Teer, a form of Mao
Intyre, q.v.

TEES \(Celt.) Dweller by the R. Tees,
TEESE Jform.TVw, Teys [There is little doubt
that this is a bi-elemental name, that the
first element corresponds to the Scot,
river-name Tay (occurring in the 12th
cent, as Tey), representing the GaeL tdmh
= Ir. tdmh (aspirated form of O.Ir. tdm),
pron. practically like the cogn. Wei. taw,
quiet, sluggish, placid ; and that the rem-
nant (-s)ofthe second element represents
the Old Celtic word for water seen in
Mod. Gael, and Ir. uisge (O.Ir. u{i)sce) =

Wei. wysg]

Where Teis first from my bounds rich
Dunelme TOurham] doth divide. —

Urayton, Polyolbion, xxviii. 314.

Cp. Surtees.

TEESDALE (Celt, -t- Teut;) Dweller in the

Valley of the Tees [v. Tees, and + O.K.

dtel = O.N. dal-r, valley]

TEGG (Teut.) a var. of Tagg, q.v.

A lamb becomes a teg about the first
Michaelmas after its birth. —

Leic. Gloss., p. 270.
(Celt.) Fair, Handsome [Wei. tSg]

TEGG IN = Tegg (q.v.) + the dim. suff. -in.

TEIR, a contr. of Mac Teir or Mac Tier, a
form of Mac Intyre, q.v.

TELFER
TELFOR
TELFOUR

V. Talfer, Talfor.

TELFORD for Telfor.

The real name of Telford the engineer
was Telfor.

TELLER \ (A. - Fr. - Lat.) Cloth - Maker,

TELLIER r Weaver [O.Fr. tellier, Ulier (mod.

Fr. toilier), a weaver; f. telle, Lat. tela, cloth]

Johannes Teller. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

Encore aujourd'hui Ton donne, en
patois picard, le nom de telliers aux fabri-
cants de toiles. —

Moisy, Noms de Fam. Norm., p. 426.

tW^Tt] = Tillett, q.v.

TELLING (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Taling= Tjel's
Son [O.E. ge)tal, swift ; with the fil. suff.

-ingi

TELLWRIGHT (Eng.) Tent-Maker [O.E.

teld wyrhta — teld, a tent + wyrhta, a

Wright, maker]

There may have been some confusion
with Tiiewright.

TEMPANYI „ Tim«<.««
TEMPENYJ v-Timpany.

TEMPERLEYl _ -r:„„^„,^„ „„
TEMPERLY ) = Timperley, q.v.

TEMPEST, the Fr.-Lat. equiv. of E. Storm.

Isabella Tempest. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.!). 1379.

TEMPLE (A.-Lat. and A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller in
or by a Religious House, esp. a Precep-
tory of the Knights Templars [O.E.
temp{e)l ; Lat. templ-um, whence also Fr.

temple]

For example, at Temple Bruer, Lines,
" are the ruins of a Knights Templars'
preceptory, founded before 1185";
Temple Newsham, W. Yorks, "was a
Knights Templars' preceptory"; the
Manor of Temple Sowerby, Westmd.,
"was given by the Viponts to the Knights
Templars"; the Knights Templars poss-
essed Temple Bryan, co. Cork, in the
14th cent.

Les localit€s qui portent le nom de le
Temple spnt d'anciennes prgceptoreries
dependant de I'ordre du Temple. —

Cocheris, Noms de Lieu, p. 165.

A gentil maunciple [purveyor] was ther
of a tewj^fe.— Chaucer, Prol. Cant.Tales,s67.

(Celt.-Lat.) Dweller by a Church [Ir.
and Gael, teampull; Lat. templ-um, a

temple]

TEMPLEMAN (A.-Lat. + E.)=Temple(q.v.)
-I- E. man.
Ambrose le Templeman. — Hund. Rolls.

TEM PLER 1 (A.-Lat.) Templar [M.E. tempter,
TEMPLAR/ L.Lat. templarius: v. under

Temple]
'Wm&mTevap\e:T.— Hund. Rolls.

TEMPLETON (A.-Lat. -f- E.) Bel. to Temple-
ton =x= the Temple-Town [v. under
Temple, and + M.E. -ton, tun, O.E. tUn,
estate, village, etc.J

Tench

213

Tester

The manor of Tenjpleton, Devon,
formerly belonged to the Knights
Templars.

TENCH (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname from the
"fat and sleek" fish so called [M.E. O.Fr.
tenche (Fr. tanche), Lat. tinea, a tench]
We should naturally expect a fish nick-
name to arise in a maritime county: hence
we find a 'John Tenche' in the Line.
Hundred-Rolls.

TENISON, V. Tennison, Dennison.

TENNANT 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Tenant, Farmer

TENNENT J [f. Fr. tenant, holding, pres.

part. , of tenir, Lat. tenere, to holdj

TENNER for Tanner.

TENNESONl unvoiced forms of Dennison,
TENNISON ; q.v.

TENNEY, an unvoiced form of Denney, q.v.

TEN N I EL is prob. to be referred to the French
(Cher) village - name Theniou (form.
Theniot), a dim. f. a dial. var. of chine,
' oak-tree '.

TENNISWOOD. Bel. to Tenniswood, app.
Yorks and for 'Dennis's Wood'.

TEN NY, an unvoiced form of Denny, q.v.

TENNYSON, an unvoiced form of Dennison,

q.v.
TENPENNY for TImpany, q.v.

TENTER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Minder, Watch-
man, Herdsman [an aphzeresized form
of 'attender'; f. Fr. attendre, to wait — Lat.
attendere, to stretch to]
Tenters : watchers of cattle or sheep
on the moors. — Lonsdale Gloss., p. 85.
2 Dyer [for M.E. teynturer, etc., Fr.
teinturier, f. Lat. tinctura, a dyeing]
Both Teynturer and the Lat. Tinctor
occur as trade-names in the Hundred-
Rolls.

TEPPER for Tipper, q.v.

TEPPETT, an unvoiced form of Tebbett, q.v.

TERENCE (Ir.-and Fr.-Lat.) the Lat. Teren-
tius [prob. f. Terentum, the place in the
Campus Martins where the secular sports

were held]
The Irish sometimes use Terence for
their native Tiirlough {Toirdhealbhach).

TERLING (Eng.) Bel. to Terling (Essex), the

A.-Sax. Terlingas = (the Estate of) the

Terl- Family [the pers. name is app. a

form of O.E. \earl, stern, strict -H -ingas,

pi. {-infftm, dat. pi.) of the fil, suff. -ins\

TERRATT1 (A.-Fr.-Teut.) double dims, ot
TERRETT J Theodonio, q.v. [Fr. dim. sufif.

-at, -et\

The present-day French forms are

Terrat, Terret. Terriet, Thiret, Iherret,

Therriet, Thiriot, Thieriet, Thierrat,

Thierret, Thierriot, etc.

Cp. Terry.

TERRELL 1
TERRILL J

V. Tirrell.

TERREY \ (A.-Fr.-Teut.) contr. of Theodoric,

TERRY 1 q-v-

Terry.— Hund. Rolls.

Geoffery Terri. — do.
Wo was Hawkyn, wo was Kerry !
Wo was Tomkyn, wo was Terry I —
'The Turnament of Tottenham", 222-3 :
Percy's Reliques.

The present-day French forms are
ThSry, Thidry, Thierry.

A form, Terrick, preserving the orig.
guttural, remained in Cheshire (and prob.
elsewhere) in the late-i7th cent.; and a
I3th-cent. Latinization was Terricus.

(Ir.-Lat.) a dim. of Terence, q.v.

TERRISS, Terry's (Son) : v. Terry [the
formation corresponds to Harriss

(Harry's]

TESMOND(Eng.) the M.E. r«»itfMrf postu-
lates an A.-Sax. *Teosmund, 'Protector
from Evil' [O.E. teoso, injury, fraud, evil,
etc. -I- mund, protector]

The first element in this name is doubt-
less that seen in the loth-cent. Ties-
berd ("dux"), 'Cart. Sax', no. 689; -iVt
interchanging with -eo-.

TESSEYMAN 1 the i4th-cent. Tacyman =

TESSYMAN J Tacy's or Tacey's Man

(-Servant) [v. Taoey, and -t- E. man^

TESTARD (A.-Fr.-Lat. -h Teut.) a nickname
= Great Head (cp. Greathead) [O.Fr.
teste (Fr. tite), a head ; Lat. testa, a pot,
skull + the Fr. intens. suff. -ard, Teut.

hard, hard]
Robert Testard.— ffawrf. Rolls.

Testard is a fairly common name in
France; but the mod. form Tetard (cp.
Fr. tStard, bull-head, tadpole) is more
frequent.

TESTER I (A.-Fr.-Lat.) 1 Assaykr [f. (with

TESTARJ the agent, suff. -er) M.E. O.Fr.

teste, a testing-pot, refining-pot; Lat. testa,

apotj
» for Testardi q.v,

Tetbury

214

Thames

TETBURY(Eng.) Bel. to Tetbury (Glouc),
the A. -Sax. Tettanburg=TTsnn:A'sSTRONG-
HOLD [the pers. name Tetta, genit. Tettan,
is conn, with O.E. tdstan, to caress, and
therefore with O.E. tdt- (=. O.N. teit-r),

merry]

TETLEY (Eng.) i Bel. to Tetley [for the first

element see under Tetbury; and + M.E.

ley, O.E. ledh, a meadow]

This name may, however, also be due
to an early filial form, as a Tettincgledh
for Tettingaledh \_-inga, genit. pi. of the
'son' suff. -ing'\ occurs in a loth-cent.
Kentish Charter: 'Cart. Sax', no. iioi.

2 for Tetlow, q.v.

TETLOW ) (Eng.) Bel. to Tetlow (Lancs)>

TETLAW J 16th cent. Tetlow, isth cent-

Tetlowe, 14th cent. Tettelowe, Tettelawe

[for the first element see under Tetbury;

and + O.E. hl(kw, a hill, tumulus]

TEVERSALL (Eng.) Bel. to Teversall (Notts),
15th cent. Tyvershalt, 13th cent. Teversalt,
Domesday Tevreshalt [the second element
represents O.E. holt, a wood : the first
elem., evid. a pers. name in the genitive,
is prob. a corrupt form of A.-Sax. Theod-

frith]

TEVERSHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Teversham
(Camb.), 13th cent Teveresham, Domesday
Teversham [for the first element see under
Teversall ; and+O.E. hdm, home, estate]

TEW (Celt.) Fat, Plump [Wei. tew\

John le Tieu. —

Chesh. Chmbrlns'. Accts., A.D. 1359-60.

(Eng.) Bel. to Tew (Oxon), 13th cent.

Tiwe, Domesday Tewa, Tewe, Teowe [the

A.-Sax. pers. name TeSw^f, Tiiv(e, with a

local sufi. lost: the A.-Sax. Tlw, Mars,

also denoted the Runic T]

Cp. Tewln.

TEWER (Eng.) Skin-Dresser [M.E. fewer; f.
M.E. tewan, tawen, to dress sicins; O.E,
tdwian, to prepare]
A tewer of skynnes. —

Cathol. Anglic, A.D. 1483.

TEWIN (Eng.) Bel. to TeWin (Herts), the

Domesday Tewinge, loth cent. Tiwingas

(dat. pi. Tiwingum) = (the Estate of the)

Tiw(e Family [v. under Tew', and +

the pi., -ingas, ot the fil. suff. -ing'\

TEWK(E)SBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Tewkesbury
(Glouc), 13th cent. Teuksbury, Domesday
Teodechesterie = T(h)eodec's Strong-
hold [the pers. name is f. A.-Sax. \e6d,
nation, people, with the dim. suff. -ec:—
-f itarh, a fortified place]

TEWSON, Tew's Son : v. Tew.

THACKER (Eng.) Thatcher, Roofer [M.E.

thackerie ; O.E. ^aca, ^cec = O.N. ^ak, a

roof, thatch + the agent, suff. -«re]

(Scand.) Dweller at the
Thack or Thatch Corner
(store - place) [O.N. ^ak,
thatch -)- urd (Dan.-Norw.
vraa), a corner]

THACKERAY ^

THACKERY

THACKARAY

THACK RAH

THACKRAY

THACKWRAY/

Johannes de Thakwra. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

THACKSTER(Eng.)(orig.) Female Thacker ,
or Thatcher [v. Thacker, but with the
O.E. fem. agent, suff. -estre"]

THADD/EUSl the Lat. forms of the Gr.

THADDEUS J Thaddaios (Qa^Saioi), occurring
in the A.-Saxon version of St. Mark (iii.
18) as Taddeus. Thaddeus is much used
among the Poles; and the Polish hero of
Balfe's famous opera 'The Bohemian
Girl' is not letting the name readily be
forgotten in this country. Thaddeus is
also used in Ireland for the native Tadhg
(v. MacTague), as shown, e.g., in Con-
cannon's ' Mion-Chomhr^dh', p. 129.

[" The most prob. etym. of ' Thaddaeus'
seems to be that proposed by Dalman,
who sees in it the Heb. abbrev. of a Gr.
name beginning with Theo- (' God '), as
in Theudas." — Hastings, Diet, Christ and
Gasp., ii. (igo8) 726]

TUAtNpl(E°g- and Scand.) Thane [M.E.
THANE J '**^''' ^*'=-' °-^' ^ eg{e)n=OM. ^egH\

Eadulf cynges Tpegn on SflS Seaxum.—
A.-Sax. Chrott., A.D. 897.

The worthy Thane of Rosse . . .

. . . that most disloyall traytor,

The Thane of Cawdor. —

Macbeth, I. ii.

John le Theyn.— ffMHrf. RolU.

Cp. Thayne.

THAME, V. Tame.

THAMES (Celt.) Dweller by the R. Thames,
the A.-Sax. Temes, Tmmes, Tamis, Temis,
etc. (" be-saSan Temese" in K. iElfred's
Introd. to Gregory's 'Cura Past.'), the Lat.
Tamesa and Tamesis [The first element is
the O.Celt, tdin- (seen in Ir. and Gael.
tamh, Early Jr. tdm = Mod. Wei. taw),
still, placid, sluggish : the second elem. is
a relic of an O.Celt, word for water seen
in O.Ir. u(i)sce, Mod. Ir. and Gael, uisge =
Mod. Wei, wysg, water, a stream; cp,

Eadalej

Thanet

215

Thew

". . . flumen dividit quod appellatur
Tamesis."—De Bella Gall., V. xi.
Tak two stronge men,
And in Themese cast hem. —

Piers Plowman, 7743-4.
Fair Isis . . . (the Mother of great

Tames). —

Drayton, Poly-Olbion, xiv. 281.

Cp. Tame ; and see the quot. under
Surrey.

THANET (Celt.) Bel. to Thanet (Kent), the

A.-Sax. Tenet, Tenaet, Tcenet, Tanet, etc.,

Lat. Tanat-us [prob. O.Ir. td(t)ndit, a

watery place]

TH ARM \ app. contr. of Strongitharm, q.v.
THARME J (Hardly for O.E. }^{f)arm, an

entrail 1)
THARP = Thopp, q.v.

THATCHER, th6 palatal form of Thacker,
q.v.

When thatchers thinke, their virages
worth their worke. —
G. Gascoigne, Steele Glas (A.D. 1376).

THAXTER, V. Thackster.

THAYER (A.-Fr.-Teut.)represents an O.Frank,
cognate, 'Ihiadher (A.D. ,799), of A.-Sax.
rAeorfAere= National A.Kyci\thiad- = O.E.
l>e<f<i=O.Sax. thiod = Goth. J)/«rfa = O.N.
\i6S (O.H.Ger. diot{a), nation, people +
her^i (as in O.Sax. and O.H.Ger.) = O.E.
here = Goth, harji-s = O.N. herr, army]

THAYNE, V. Thane, Thain.

"Or gyff [if] the Thaxne off Fyff in
were [war] . . ." — Wyntoun, Cr&nykil,

vi. 2269.
THEAKER, a var. oi Thaoker, q.v.

THEAKSTON(E \ (Eng.) Bel. to Theakston or
THECKSTON(E J Theakstone (Yorks) [Early
forms are lacking except that, ace. to
Turner ('Yorks Domesday-Bk.', p. 59),
"Theakstpn"corresponds topographically
to the Domesday Eston ; and the form in
1619 is Thekeston. The second element is
therefore rather O.E. <!i«, a farm, estate,
than O.E. stdn, a stone, rock, etc. ; and the
first element is prob. a pers. name (in the
genitive) conn, with O.E. Tfaccan, to cover,
■ protect : cp. O.E. \eccend, protector]

THEED (Eng.) usually represents the first

element of one of the common A--Sax.

Theod- names ; rarely directly from an

A.-Sax. Theoda [O.E. ^edd^O.S&Tn. thiod=

O.N. |>:dtJ=Goth. J)i«da= O.H.Ger. diot(a,

thiat(a, nation, people]

William Thede.— ^««rf. Rolls,

Cpl Tee«l(e and Tedd.

THELEN (Ger.) : v. the Appendix of Foreign
Names.

THELWALL \ (Eng.) Bel. toThelwall (Chesh.),
THELWELL j 13th cent. rA^fea»e/= the Plank-
Well [O.E. Yel, a plank -^a)(i>Ha, a well]
'Wall' is a Chesh. form of 'well.'

THEOBALD (Teut.) People-Bold [O.Teut.
Theod{p)bald, Thiodbald, Theotbald, etc.:
V. under Theed, and + O.E. Me)ald =
O.Sax. (and O.H.Ger.) hald = O.N. ball-r
(for earlier 6a/8-r) = Goth. balS-s, bold]

A Theodbald was brother of .ffithelfrith, '
king of Northumbria, ob. A.D. 617.

Theobald was the usual ?3th-cent. form.

The Fr.-Teut. forms are : Thibault,
Th^aut, Thiebault, Thi^aut, ThUbaud,
Thibaud, Thibault, Thibaut, etc.

Cp. Tibbald.

THEOBALDS, Theobald's (Son).

THEODORE (A,-Fr.-Lat-.Gr.) Divine Gift

[Lat. Theodorus, Gr. ee63upos -Oeds, God

-f- a der. of Supeiv, to give]

THEODORIC (Teut.) People or Mighty

Ruler [O.Teut. Theod(o)ric, Thiodric,

Thiudrik, etc. : v. under Theed, and 4-

O.Teut. rlk; as in O.E. rlca = Goth.

reik-s, ruler]

A Theodric was a sixth-cent, king of
Northumbria.

TheSdrlc we61d Froncum '
{Theodric ruled the Franks). —

Widsm {The Traveller), 1. 49.

THESAURER\(A.-Lat.-Gr.) Treasurer [f.

THESORER J (with E. agent, suff. -er) Lat.

thesaur-us, Gr. er/xa-vp-ii a treasury]

"... the superplus to be deliverit to
Alexander Park, or the uther thesaurertox
the tyme."—

Burgh Reeds, Edinb., A.D. 1560.

THETFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Thetford (Norf.),
the A.-Sax. Theodford ('set Theodfordd —
dat. : A.-Sax. Chron., A.D. 870) = the
People's, or Chief, Ford [O.E. ferfi,
people, nation ; (adjectivfely) great, chief
(as \eSdvieg, highway) +fordf]

The small riverside places of the same
name in Carab. and Line, no doubt have
the same origin.

THEW (EngO Servant, Bondsman, Slave
[M.E. theow, O.E. ferfw, T^e&tva}

"... and yi ^edwan drincaS medo"
( , . . and the thews drink mead).—
OhUKrecmdWWstan(^.mix^)'

2l6

Thewless

Thome

THEWLESS \ (Eng.) Immoral, Virtueless
THEWLIS J lO.E. yedwleds]

Thomas Thewelesse. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

THEXTON for Theckston, q.v.

THICK (Eng.) i Thick-Set, Stout [M.E.
thikke, thicke, O.E. )>«c«]
William le Thikke. —

Soms. Subs. Soil, A.D. 1327.

2 Dweller at a Thicket [M.E. thicke, a

thicket: ,cp. O.E. Yiccet and Dial. Dan.

tykke, a thicket]

From his tall steed, he rusht into the

thick. — The Faerie Queene, II. i. xxxix.

THICKBROOM (Eng.) Dweller by or among

the Thick Broom [O.E. yicce + brdm, the

broom-plant]

THICKLE (Eng.) Fat [O.E. ^iccol]

THICKNESS \ (Eng.) Dweller at a Thicket
THICKNESSEJ [O.E. ^icnes, thickness,

thicket]

THICKPENNY (Eng^) a nickname from a
trade-sign [O.E. ^icce +penig, a penny]

THIMBLEBY (Scand.) Bel. to Thimbleby
(Line: 13th cent. Thumbleby; Yorks:
Domesday 7'«OTJW6i)=THeMBEL's Estate
[the pers. name is a nickname f. O.N.
Yomb, paunch (we find l>ambar-skeifir,

pauncn-shaker, as a nickname): hO.N.

6ji-r, farmstead,' estate, etc.]

THINGWALLI (Scand.) Bel. to Thingwall

THINGWELL; (Lane. : 12th cent. Tingwella ;

Chesh. : Domesday Tinguelle) = the

Parliament-Field (of the Scandinavians)

[O.N. ^ing, pariiament + uoll-r, dat. uelli,

field]
THIRGOOD, V. Thupgood.

THIRKELI.

THIRKLE

THIRKETTLEJ

THIRLWALL

THIRLWELL / (Northumb.),i3thcent.rAMr/e-
iua//=the Pierced or Broken Wall
[O.E. I)jir/,aperture, hole, gap, (adj.) pierced

-I- w{e)all]
Thirlwall is situated "under the great
Roman Wall." The name was Latinized
Murus Perforatus.

THIRLWAY ■[(Eng.) Dweller at the Gap-
THIRLAWAY f Way [v. under Thirlwall, and

-1- 0.'&.weg\

As this is a Northeastern surname, the

relation is app. to an opening in the

Roman Wall between Tyne and Solway.

V. Thurkell, Thurkettle.

\ (Eng.) Bel. to Thirlwall

THIRN 1 (Eng. and Scand.) Bel. toThirn(e;

THIRNEJor Dweller at the TnoRN-Tree

_ [O.E. \yme = O.N. \ymi\

THIRSK (Scand.) Bel. to Thirsk (Yorks),

14th cent. Thresk, 13th cent. Tresis,

Domesday Tresch, Tresche (ck as k) = the

Marsh or Fen [Scand. trdsk]

THIRST, a corrupt forni' of Thipsk, q.v.

THIRSTON, V. Thurston.

THIRTICLE, a corrupt form of Thurkettle,
q.v.

THIRTLE for Thurkell, Thurkettle, q.v.

The Yorks place-name Thirtleby was
Torchilebi (ch as k) in Domesday-Book.

THISELTON, v. Thistleton.

THISTLETHWAITE (Scand.) Dweller at the
Thistle-Clearing [O.N. distill -f- ^ueii\

THISTLETON (Eng.) Bel. to Thistleton
(Rutl. : 13th cent. Thistelton, Domesday
Tisterton, for Tistelton ; Lane. : 13th cent.
Thistilton, Thistelton) = the Thistle-
Enclosure [O.E. JjMte/ (=0.N.})irf«7/) -f-

tAti\

THISTLEWOOD (Eng.) Dweller at the
Thistle- Wood [O.E. J>wte/ -(- vmdu\

THOM, a dim. of Thomas, q.v.

Robert fil. Thome.— Hund. Rolls.

THOMAS (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.-Heb.) Twin [Lat.

Thomas, Gr. Thomas {Qaims) ', Heb. Tomi\

Witodllce Thomas, 4n of J>am twelfum,

l>e is gecweden Z)idimus [Gr. SlSv/ios,

twin] . . . —

St. John, XX. 24. (A.-Sax. version).

Walter Thomas.— ff««</. Rolls.

Thomas is a very common French sur-
name, and the parent of the diminutives
Thomasset, Thomassin, Thomasson, etc.

THOMASIN = Thomas (q.v.) -f- the Fr. dim.
suff. -in.

THOMASON, Thomas's Son: v. Thomas.

THOMASSET=Thoma8 (q.v.) = the Fr. dim.
suff. -et.

THOMASSIN = Thomas (q.v.) + the Fr. dim.
suff. -in.

THOMASSON i ^ Thomas's Son : v.
Thomas.

2 = Thomas (q.v.) + the Fr. dim.
suff. -on.

THOME, like Thonrii a dim. of Thomas, q.v,

Thomerson

217

Thornby

THOMERSON for Thomasson, q.v.

THOMES, THOME's'(Son). \ v. Thome,
THOMESON, Thome's Son ) Thomas.
Petrus Thome-son. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

THOMLIN = Thorn (Thomas), q.v., + the
Fr. double dim. suft. -g)Z-j«.

THOMLINSON, Thomlin's Son.

THOMM, a dim. of Thomas, q.v.

THOMMS, Thomm's (Son) 1 v. Thomm,
THOMMSON, Thomm's Son. J Thomas.

THOMPSON for Thomson, q.v.

THOMS,Thom's (Son) 1 „ ^.„ Thom==
THOMSON.Thom's Son)''-^*'*""'^''""'^-

THOR \ (Scand.) f. the O.N. Tkori-r (Mod.

THOREJ Norw. Tore), a der. of Th6r-r, the

God of Thunder [Q.N. Th6r-r = A.-Sax.

Thtir (occ, Thdr), Thunor — \unor,

thunder]
" TMrr er isanna framastr"
{Thor is of the gods the foremost).

" Hamo Thor is mentioned in a charter
of 1 122 as holding half a bouv^e of land
in Alderney ". —

de Gruchy, The Settlement of Norm.
(Jersey Soc, 191 1), p. 46.

Orm fil. Thore.— Pipe-Rolls, A.D. 1179.

THORALBY (Scand.) Bel. to Thoralby (Yorks),
the Domesday Turalsbi = Thorald's
Farmstead [v. Thorald, and + O.N.

W-r]

THORALD (Scand.) Thor - Ruler [O.N.

Thoruald-r: v. Thop, and + O.N. uald-r,

ruler; uald, power, might]

The Mod. Norwegian form is Torald.

THORBURN (Scand.) Thor - Bear [O.N.

Thorbiorn: v. Thop, and + O.N. hiorn,

bjom, a bear]

The O.Norse Thorbiorn was Anglicized
Thurbe(o)rn [O.E. be(p)m, warrior].
Torbern and Turbern are the Domesday
forms. Thorebern, Thorbarn, and Thurbem
occur as surnames in the Hundred-
Rolls, A.D. 1274.

THORESBY 1 (Scand.) BeL to Thoresby

THORSBY ; (Yorks: Domesday Toresbi;

Notts: 14th cent. Thuresby, Domesday

Turesbi ; Lines : 13th cent. Thoresby \ etc.)

= Thor's Farmstead [v. Thor, and

Q.U.b$-r\
Cp. Thuraby.

THORGANBY (Scand.) Bel. to Thorganby
(Yorks, Lines) = Thorgunn's Farm-
stead [the O.N. (fem.) pers. name (Mod.
Norw. Torgutm) is a compound of Thdr-r
(v. Thop) and gunn-r (= O.E. gu^), war,

battle]
The Yorks place is stated to be repre-
sented in Domesday-Bk. byTiw'^iW ; but
O.N. Thorgisl [gisl, hostage], Mod. Norw.
Torgils, and Thorgunn have only the first
element in common.

THORLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Thorley (Herts:

15th cent. Thorley, 13th cent. Torleye,

Domesday Torlei ; Hants, etc.) = Thor's

Lea [v. under Thop, and + O.E. ledh

(M.E. ley(e, etc.]

THORMAN, a weak form of Thopmond,
Thopmund, q.v.

THORMOD 1 (Scand.) Thor-Mood [O.N.

THORMOOD ; Thormo'S-r(=A.-Sax.Thurmod):

V. Thop, and + O.N. moV-r, wrath,

courage (mood)]

There has been confusion with Thop"-
mond.

THORMONDl (Scand.) Thor's Protection

THORMUND/[O.N. Thormund ( = A.-Sax.

Thurmuttd) : v. Thop, and + O.N. mund,

hand, protection]

THORN l(Eng.) i Dweller by a Thorn-
THORNE / Tree [O.E. for«]

Roger atte Thorn. —

Close Rolls, A.D. 1424-5.

2 Dweller at the Sign of the Thorn.

And Oliver the dyer at the Thome. —
Pasqnin, Night-Cap, A.D. 1612; Lower.

TH§RNALl:Y''}f°'^ThoPneIey.q.v.

THORN BER (Eng.) Dweller at the Thorn-
Grove [O.E. \>om -\- beam, a grove]

THORNBER(R)Y
THORNBOROUGH
THORNBORROW
THORNBROUGH

(Eng.) I Dweller at the

Thorn-Hili, [O.E. ^orn

+ beorh, a hill]

2 conf. with Thopnbup^, g.y,

THORNBURY (Eng.) Bel. to T-hornbury
(G1ouc.:a.d.896 Thornburh, 't6 Thombyrig,'
dat.; Heref. : 'aet Thornbyrig', dat.—
'Wulfgeates Cwide' [Will] ; Devon, etc.)
= the Thorn-Stronghold [O.E. )>«-«
+ burh, a fortified place]

The Herefordsh. parish includes "Wall
Hill treble-ditched camp."

THORNBY (Scand.) Bel. to Thornby; or

Dweller at the THORN-Tree Farmstead

i;O.N. J-fffw -h b$-r\

Thorncroft

218

Thrale

(Eng.) Bel. to Thornley; or
Dvveller at the Thorn-Lea
[O.E. l>or» + leak (M.E. ley,
lay]'

THORNCROFT (Eng.) Dweller at the Thorn-
Croft [O.E. ^orn + croft, a small field]

THORNDIKE 1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Thorn-
THORN dyke; Dike [O.E. ^em + die]

THORNELEY\

THORNELY

THORNLAY

THORNLEY

THORNLY

But the I3th-cent. forms of the Lane.
Thornley, Thontedelegh and Thornedeley,
show that the meaning here is Thorn-
Head Lea [O.E. hedfod, head, high
I ground, upper part]

THORNELOE (Eng.) Dweller at the Thorn-
Hill [O.E. ^om + hl(kw\

THORNES, pi., and genit., of Thorn(e, q.v.

THORNEWILL \ (Eng.) Dweller at the
THORN WILL J TnoRN-Tree Spring [O.E.

^om + w(J.)elld\

THORNEY (Eng.) Bel. to Thorney; or

Dweller at i the Thorn-Island [O.E.

)fortt + i(e)g\

2 the Thorn-Enclosure [O.E. fom -l-

haga\
Thorney, Camb., was the A.-Sax. \iont(g.
Thorney (Island), Sussex, and Thorney
(Island), Westminster, were bothTomeia
in Latin deeds of the A.-Sax. period.
Thorney, Notts, was Thornhawe and
Thomehawe in the 13th cent.

THORN EYGROFT
THORNIORAFT
THORNICROFT
THORNYCROFT

(Eng.) Dweller at the

Thorny Croft [O.E.

^omig 4- croft, a small

field]

There are a Thorneycroft in Yorks and
a Thornycroft (14th cent. Thomicroft) in
Chesh.

THORNHILL] (Eng.) BeL to Thornhill; or

THORNILL t Dweller at the THORN-Tree

THORN ELL J Hill [O.E. \orn + hyll]

Thornhill, Yorks, the Domesday Tomil,

was Thornyll and Thornhyll in the 14th

cent,

THORN I LEY (Eng.) Dweller at the Thorny
Lea [O.E. Tfomig + leak (M.E. ley]

TH0RNL(E)Y, v. Thor'nel(e)y.

THORNS, pi., and genit., of Thorn, q.v.

TH0RN(E)THWAITE (Scand.) Bel. to Thorn-
thwaite ; or Dweller at the Thorn-
Clearing [O.N. )fom + ]>ueit]

One of the Cumbd. places was Thorn-
^wayi in the 13th cent.

THORNTON (Eng. and Scand.) Bel. to Thorn-
ton ; or Dweller at the Thorn - Tree
Enclosure or Farmstead [O.E. O.N.
Yorn + O.E. O.N. tun]

Thornton, Dorset, occurs in a charter
A.to. 958 as ' xt^omtAne' — dat. The
various York. Thorntons appear in
Domesday-Bk. as Torentun, Torentune,
Tornetun, Torneton, Tomitun ; Lane.
Domesday entries being Torenton, Toren-
tun ; Chesh., Torintone.

Forms in the Hundred-Rolls (a.d. 1274)
are Thorneton, Thorntone.

THOROGOOD
THOROUGHGOOD
THOROUGOOD
THOROWGOOD

(Eng.) a nickname =
Very Good [O.E. ^rh,
th(o)rough; in compds.,
very -)- gid, good : cp.
O.E. Yurh-Mlig, very holy]

(A.-Scand.) for Thurgood', Thupgate.
THOROLD for Thorald, q.v.

THOROTON (Eng.) Bel. to Thorotpn (Notts),
13th cent. Thurverton, Thorverton, Domes-

/ day Torvertune = Thorferth's Estate
[the pers. name is a compound of Thor

(V. Thop) and O.E./er(A)tS, mind, spirit :

+ O.E. tAn, farm, estate]

THORP 1 (Eng. and Scand.) Bel. to Thorp,
THORPE J Thorpe = the Farmstead, Ham-
let, Village [O.E. and O.N. ^orp]

yfa.nB.dsThorpe.—Hund. Rolls.

The cok, that orloge [clock] is oithorpes
lyte [little].—

Chaucer, Parlement of Foules, 350.

THORRINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Thorrington
(Essex), 13th cent. Thorington, A.-Sax.
*Thoringa-tUn =the Estate of the Thor
Family [v. underThop, and -I- -inga, genit.
pi. of the fil. suff. -ing + tun, fawn, estate,

etc.]

THORSBY, v. Thoresby.

THRALE (A. -Scand.) Thrall, Servant,
Slave [M.E thral(e, O.N.E. J>rcB/=O.N.

^All]

And sw4 hw4 swS welle in iow e^rist

• oSSe foertSmest wosa biS Jie alra ]fr(kl

otfSe esne. —

St. Mark X. 44; O. Northumb. vers.

(Rushworth Gospel).

In Wycliffe's version of the above verse
the Lat. servus and Gr. SoCXos have been
rendered servaunt.

My servant, which that is my thral
by right.— Chaucer, Cant. Tales, C 183.
Cp. Thew.

Thrave

219

Thurgood

THRAVE (A.-Scand.) One of a Company

(prop, of Threshers: Halliwell) [O.N. J>re/t

= O.E ge)]'r<Af]

THRAVES, Thrave's (Son) : v. Thrave.

ThrIaSgSuld |i?"g-) ^ ""='^"%?,VlU']

TUDCAnf-Mi i^ Embroiderer [O.E. frtfei

THrnDGOULD J -^'i^""- 1° tw'lst + ^oM]

William Tredegold.— if««rf. Rolls.

THREDDER (Eng.) Thread-Maker or Em-
broiderer [0(.E. \>rced, thread -|- the
agent, suff. -ere]

THRELFALL (Scand.) Bel. to Threlfall (N.

Lanes), 13th cent. Threlefel, Threlefal =

the Thralls' Fell [O.N. ^rMl (genit.

pi. ^Alla), a thrall, serf +fiall,fell, a hill

(also dial., a moorj

THRELKELD (Scand.) Bel. to Threlkeld

(Cumb.), I3th-i4th cent. Threlkeld = the

Thrall's or Thralls' Spring [v. under

Threlfall, and -|- O.N. kelda, a spring]

THRIMBY (Scand.) Bel. to Thrimby

(Westmd.), 13th cent. Thirneby, Thumeby

= the THORN-Tree Farm [O.N. ]?ymi{-tr^,

+ bf-r, farm, etc.]

THRING (Eng.) Bel. to Tring (Herts), 13th
cent. Thring, Domesday Treunge [the
name app. represents the genit. pi.,
Thyringa-, or the dat. pi. Thyringum, of
the A.-Sax. family-nameT'Aj'WH^a.s (-iHgas,
pi. of the ' son' sun. -ing), seen in 'WfdsiS,'
1. 62 : W6d [we61d = ruled] Thyringuni\

THRIPP, a metath. var. of Thorp, q.v. [O.E.

Jfrep iox\orp]

THR1ST (Eng.) Bold, Brave [O.E. J>r/rf]

THROCKMORTON (Eng.) Bel. to Throck-
morton (Wore), 13th cent. Trokemartuite,
Trokemertutt, c. i2ooTrochemerton [the first
two elements prob. represent an A.-Sax.
pers. name Thracmier {DragmtEr is recor-
ded), f. Yracu, force, energy, violence, and
mdre, famous (for the vowel-change cp.
' mon ' for ' man ') :-^ + <«», farm,
estate, etc.]

Throgmorton Street, London, owes its
name indirectly to the Wore, place.

THR00P1

THROPP t metath. forms of Thorp, q.v.

THROUPj

Adam de la Throppe,— H««rf. Rolls.
There stood a throop, of site delitable,
In which that poure folk of that village

Hadden hir [their] beestes and hir
herbergp.ge [abode];—

Chaucer, Cant. Tales, E 199-201.

There are a tything called Throop in
Hants, a hamlet Throope in Wilts, and
Throop in Soms.

THROSBY, a metath. form of Thorsby,
Thoresby, q.v.

THROSSELL) (Eng.) a nickname from the
THROSTLE J THROSTLE [O.E. jirosiOle]

THROWER (Eng.) Thread - Thrower (in

textile-manuf.) ; Potter ; Turner [f.

O.E. ^rdwan, to twist, turn, throw]

The turner's lathe and the potter's

wheel are still called a ' throw'.

Hardly O.E. ^owere, ' martyr'.
THRUPP for Thropp, Thorp, q.v.

THRuItlE^ } ^"^ Throasell.Throstle, q.v.
Sire Thopas fil in love-longynge,
Al whan he herde the thrustel synge. —
Chaucer, Cant- Tales, B 1962-3.

THURBURNi v. Thorburn.

THURGALAND 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Thurgoland

THURGOLAND / (Yorks), the DomesdayTar-

gesland = Thurgisl's Land [v. under

Thurgis(8, and + O.E. land]

THURGALLforThurkell, q.v.

THURGAR 1 (Eng.) Thur-Spear [A.-Sax.

THURGUR J Thurgar (=0.1i.Thorgeirr):ThAr

.= ThSr (v. Thor) 4- gdr,a. spear]

THURGARTON (Eng.) Bel. to Thufgarton
(Notts : 13th cent. Thurgarton, Domesday
Turgarstune; Norf.)=THURGAR's Estate
[v. Thurgar, and-j-O.E. tun, farm, estate]

THURGATE (A.-Scand.) an Anglicized form

of the O.N. Thorgaut-r [v. under Thor,

and + Gaut-r, the ethnic name]

A Thurgot was an early-i2th-cent.

bishop of St. Andrews.

THURGIS(S (Eng. and Scand.) for the A.-Sax.
Thurgisl, 0.li.Thorgisl=TaoR's Hostage
[v. under Thor, and -f- O.E. O.N. glsl, a

hostage]
The mod. Norweg. form of the name is
the metathetic TorgilSi

THURGOOD (A.-Scarid.) like Thurgate for
the O.N. Thorgaut-r.

(Eng.) for Thoro(ugh)good, q.v.
The Domesday forms were Turgod and
Turgoti Hundred-Rolls, Thurgod,

Thurkell

220

Thwaits

THURKELL 1 Thurkell and Thurkill were
THURKILL } A.-Sax. forms of the O.N.
T H U R KLE Thorkell, a contr. of Thorketill :

V. Thurkettle.

THURKETTLE.themod. form of the A.-Scand.
Thurcytel, O.N. Thorketill=THOK's (Sacri-
ficial) Cauldron [v. under Thop, and +

O.N. ketill\

Thus the incident of a jarl named
Thorketill asking King Eadweard (K.
Alfred's son) to be his lord is narrated
in the A.-Saxon Chronicle under the
year 918 in the words: "Thurcytel eorl
hine ge-sohte him t6 hl^forde."

THURLBY(Scand.) Bel. to Thurlby (Lines:

13th cent. Thurleby), Thoralby (Yorks:

Domesday Turalzbi) = Thor(u)ald's

Farmstead [v. Thorald, and + O.N.

bf-r, farm, estate]

THURLEIGH \ (Eng.) Bel. to Thurleigh (Beds:

THURLEY ; Domesday La £s^a), Thurley

(Kent: A.D. 1316-17 ThurUy) = Thur's

Lea [v. under Thor, and -|- O.E. ledK\

THURLOW (Eng.) Bel. to Thurlow (Suff. :

I3th-i4th cent. Thrillow(e, Threlowe ; for

the metathesis cp. ' throp ' for ' thorp ') =

Thur's Hill or Tumulus [v. under

Thor, and + O.E. hlAw]

THURMAN for Thurmond, q.v.

THURWIOD 1 (Eng. and Scand.)THOR. Mood

THURMOOD;[A.-Sax. Thurmod=0.^. Thor-

mo'S-r: v. under Then, and -|- O.E. mdd =

O.N. mdS-r, wrath, courage (mdod]

Alan Thurmod. — Hund. Rolls.

There has been confusion with Thur-
mond.

THURMOND! (Eng. and Scand.) Thor's

THURMUND J PROTECTION [A. - Sax. Thur-

mund = O.N. Thormund : v. under Thop,

and + O.E. O.N. mutid, hand, protection]

Walter Thurmond.— £r««rf. Rolls.

"[(Eng.) Bel. to Thurnhara
I /Jl ■

THURNAM

THURNHAM /(Lane's), 13th cent. Thimum,
Thymum, Domesday Tiernum = At the
Thorns [O.E. ^yrnum, dat. pi. oi}fyme, a

thorn-tree]

The -h- in this name does riot seem to

occur until nearly the end of the i6th cent.

THURNSCOE (Scand). Bel. to- Thurnscoe

i Yorks) ; or Dweller at the Thorn- Wood
O.N. \ymi-r, a thorn-tree4-sft<^-r, a wood]

THURSBY (Scand.) Bel. to Thursby (Cumb.),

13th cent. Thoresby, 12th cent. Toresbi =

Thor's Farm or Estate [v. Thor, and

-t- O.N. Jji-r, farmstead, etc.]

Cp. Thopsby, Thoresby.

THURSFIELD (Eng.) Bel. to Thursfield
(Staffs), the Domesday Turvoldesfeld =
Thurwald's Field or Plain [the pers.
name (in the genit.) is a compound of
Thur (v. Thor) and O.E. w(e)ald, might,
power : 1- O.E. f eld, a field, plain]

THURSTAN (Eng. and Scand.) the A.-Sax.

Thurstan, O.N. Thorstein{n = Thur's or

Thor's Stone [v. under Thor, and -f-

O.E. stdn = O.N. steinn]

Wi[g]stan Thurstanes sunu. —

The Battle of Maldon (A.D. 993), 297-8.
Thurstan-us Dispencer. —

Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1228-9.
Thurstan de Torp. —

Hand. Rolls, A.D. 1274.

The second element in this pers. name
prob. denoted primitively a stone monu-
ment or image worshipped in the name
of Thor.

THURSTON (Eng.) Bel. to Thurston (Suff.)
and Thur(s)ton (Norf.), 13th cent. Thurs-
ton = Thur's Estate [v. under Thor,
and -I- O.E. tun, farm, manor, etc.]
William de Thurston (Norf.).—

Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.
Ric'us de Thurston (Norf.).—

Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1303-4.
Confused with Thurstan, q.v.

THURTELLl dentalized forms of Thurkell,
THURTLE /Thurkle, q.v.

THURWARD(Eng. and ScandJ Thor-Guar-
TiiAH[A.-S«ii.Thurweard=OJH.Thonidt^-r^
In an iith-cent. will (' Dipl. Angl.', p.
S91) wefindtheformrAarwerrf. Thoreward
is the form in the I3th-cent. Hundred-
Rolls. Toruard is the mod. Norw. name .

THURWOOD for Thurward.

THWAITE (ScandO Bel. to Thwaite = the

Clearing [O.N. i>ueit, a clearing; prt. sing.

of *\>uita (= O.E. Ywitan), to cut]

Thwaite, Norf., was Tkweit a.d. 1292.

THWAITES1„, A : c^.
THWAITS / P •' °" genu., of Thwaite.

Thomas de Thwaytes.— Ca/. Inq. P.M-
Thwaites is the name of a Cumberland
chapelry,

Thwellin

9ftl

Tickenhurst

THWELLIN for Uewellyn, q.v.
Evan ap Thewelin.—

Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1335.

THYNNE (Eng.) Thin [M.E. thitine, thyntie,

O.E. J^ynrie]
Thomas Tbynae.—Hmd. Rolls.

TIBB, like Tebb, a pet form of Theobald, q.v.

We find Tibha and Tiba as early as the
8th cent.

Gradually Tib came to be used as a pet
form of Isabella, and even as a term for a
common woman, as we see from the
following : —

Perkyn the potter into the press past,

And sayd, Randol, the refe, a doghter
thou hast,

Tyb the derei—

' The Turnament of Tottenham ' :
Percy's Reliques,

. . . every Coystril that comes inqui-
ring for his Tib. — Pericles, IV. vi. iSi,

In Udall's ' Roister Doister' (e. 1550),
Tib or Tyb and the dim. Tibet are used
indifferently for the same female
character.

TIBBALD, a form of Theobald, q.v.

TIBBALDS
TIBBALS

I Tibbald's (Son).

TIBBAT(T

TIBBET(T

TIBBIT(T

TIBBOT(T

TIBBUT(Tj

1 = Tibb (q.v.) + the Fr. dim.
suff. -at, -et, -ot.

2 weak forms (cp. the Fr.Thibaut,
Thiebaut — -«- for -1-) of Theo-
bald, q.v.

Tibbat(t)'s, etc., (Son) : v.Tib-
bat(t, etc.

Cp. Tebbat(t, etc,

TIBBAT(T)S
TIBBET(T)S
TIBBIT(T)S
TIBB0T(T)S

tibbut(t)s;

TIBBELL, a weak form of Theobald, q.v.

TIBBELLS, TiBBELL's (Son).

TIBBENHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Tib(b)enham

(Norf.), 13th cent. Tibenham, A.-Sax.

*Tibanhdm = Tiba's Home or Estate

\Tiban-, genit. of Tibah'. under Tibb) +

O.E. ham, home, etc.]

TIBBERT, a descendant of i the the A.-Sax.

Tidberht [O.E. tid, season, festival, time

+ be{o)rht, bright, glorious]

2 the A.-Sax. Theodberht [O.E. ]>e<ld,

people, nation]

TIBBERTON (Eng.) Bel. to i Tibberton
(Wore.) the Domesday Tidbertun, loth
cent. Tidbrihtingla]tuti = the Estate of

THE Tidbriht or Tidberht Family [for

the pers. name see under Tibbert '

+ -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing+tun,

farm, estate]

2 Tibberton (Glouc), form. Tyberton,

the Domesday Tebriston, where -s- (as in

other cases) no doubt represents the

strong aspirate in the A.-Sax pers. name

Tidbriht or Tidberht [v, under Tibbert ',

and + O.E. tUn, farm, etc.]

There is also a Tibberton in Salop, as
well as a Tiberton in Herefordshire,

TIBB(E)S, TiBB(E)'s (Son) : v. Tibb.

TIBBIN = Tibb (q.v.) -)- the dim. suff. -in,

TIBBLE, a weak form of Theobald, q.v.

TIBBLES, TiBBLE's (Son).

TIBBY = Tibb (q.v.) + the E. dim. suff. -y.

TIBBYSON, Tibby's Son.

TIBKIN = Tib (v. Tibb) +the E. pet suff. -kin.

TICE (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name Tisa, app.

. a var. of Tesa, Tasa [f. O.E. ge)ti,se,

pleasant (for the change from -s- to -c-

1 cp. ' twice ']

TlCEHURST(Eng.) Bel. to Ticehurst (Suss:),
14th - istn cent. Tichehurst, Ticheshurst,
Tichesherst, Tychehurst [for the first ele-
ment V. under Tiohborne, and + O.E.
hyrst, a wood]

TICHBORNE (Eng.) Bel. to Ti(t)chborne
(Hants), 13th cent. Tycheburn, Tichebom,
A.-Sax. Ticcebume = the Goat-Brook
[the O.E. dim. ticc-en, a kid, postulates a
ticc(a, m. (cp. ticces ham, A.D. goo, 'Cart.
Sax.' no. 596), ticce, L, a goat :— + O.E.
bume, a brook]

TICH FIELD (Eng.) Bel. toTi(t)chfieId (Hants),

c. A.D. gioTiccenesfeld ('Cart. Sax.' no. 629)

= the Kid's Field [y. under Tiohborne,

and + O.E. feld, a field, plain]

Abbas de Tichefeld.—

Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1335.

TICKELL 1 (Eng.) Bel. tp Tickhill (Yorks),

TICKLE /14th cent. Tikhill, 13th cent.

Tykehull = the Goat-Hill [O.E. ticc, a

goat (v. under Tiohborne) -i- O.E. hyll

(M.E. hull, etc.]

This is more likely than a connexion

with Scand. tik, a bitch.

(Celt.) Stout, Firm [Gael, taiceil]

TICKENHURST (Eng.) Bel. to Tickenhurst

(Kent) = the Kid-Grove [O.E, ticcen, a

kid + hyrst, a grove, wood]

282

Ticknall

Tildeti

TICKNALL (EnfT.) Bel. to Ticknall (Derby),

c. A.D. 1000 Ticenheal — the Kid-Corner

[O.E. ticcen, a kid + healQi, a corner]

TlCKNER\(Eng.) Bel. to Ticknor (Kent),

TICKNOR/A.D. %^z Tycanora ('Cart. Sax.'

no. 442) = Tyca's Bank or Shore [the

pers. name Tyca, genit. Tycan-, is prob. a

var. of O.E. ticc(d, a goat (v. under Tich-

borne) : h O.E. 6ra, a bank, shore]

The surname Tycknor occurs in a Lon-
don marriage-license a.d. 1575.

(Dutch) Designer, Draughtsman
(Dut. teekenaarl
Ticknor is a famous American name.

TIDBALL (Eng.) i for the common A.-Sax.

Tidb(e)ald [O.E. tid, festival, season, time

-1- bie)ald, bold]

2 for the A,-Sax, Theodb{e)ald : v. Theo-
bald.

Tl DD(Eng.) I the A.-Sax. Tidda,iBOTe commonly
Tida [f. O.E. tid, festival, season, time]

2 Bel. to Tydd St. Giles (Camb., 13th
cent. Tid, Tyd), Tydd St. Mary {Line,
14th cent. Tydd) [prob. the A.-Sax. pers.
name Tid{d)a with a lost local element]

TIDDEMAN "I (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Tid(i)man [f.

TIDOIMAN J O.E. ft'rf, festival, season, time

+man(n : cp. O.E. tid writere, an annalist]

Tiddeman Boker. — Rolls of Pari.

TIDDER (Eng.) i the A.-Sax. Tidhere [f. O.E.
tidi festival, etc. -f here, army]

2 for the A.-Sax. Theodhere [f. O.E.
\e6d, nation, people + here, army]

TIDESWELLl (Eng.) Bel. to Tideswell

TIDSWELL J (Derby), 13th cent. Tideswell,

Domesday Tidesuuelle = Tide's or Tidi's

Well [the pers. name fwith masc. vowel-

suff.) is f. O.E. tid, festival, season, etc.: —

+ O.E. w{i)ella, a spring]

" It is said that the town derived its
name from an ebbing well, which still
exists, but has long ceased to ebb." {Nat.
GazX — The wonder is that a well which
" ebbed " for so long " still exists " I

' Tideswell ' was much discussed in
Notes & Queries in the early months
of 1904.

TIDGWELL f Jr TItohwell. q.v.

Tl OMAN, v. under Tiddeman.

TIDMARSH (Erig.) Bel. to Tidmarsh (Berks),
form. Tidmershe = Tid's Marsh [v. under
Tidd, and -|- M.E. mersh{e, etc., O.E.

mersc]

TIDY 1 (Eng.) t Readv, Prompt ; Honest j

TIDEY I Neat [M.E. tidy, Hdi; f. M.E. tid{e,

O.E. tid, time, season (cp. Scand. tidig =

Dut. tijdig, early, timely]

And travailleth and tilieth
For a tretour also soore
As for a trewe tidy man. —

Piers Plowman, 13837-9.

(rarely) 2 for the A.-Sax. Tidi, Tida (v.
under TIdd), with the E. dim; suft. -e)y.

TIDYMAN, V. under Tidy, and -1- E. man.

TIER, a contr. of MacTler, q.v.

TIERNAN (Celt.) Lord.Master [IT-Tigheant'
an — tigheam(a (gh mutel ( = Wei.
teym, a king), O.Ir. tigeme, a lord -f- the
dim. suff. -dn\ -

The stem of this nameis, of course, the
second element in the famous 'Vortigern.'

TIERNAYI (Celt.)LoRD,MASTER[Ir.rig'ft«flr»-

TIERNEY / ach — tigheamifl (^A mute), a lord

-1- the pers. suff. -acA]

' Tierney ' is chiefly found in " Dublin,
Tipperary, andGalway — a very scattered
name." —
Matheson,5/>c/.i?/'<.S«m/rW.(i909),p.73.

TIFFANY "1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.)DiviNE Showing
TIFFEN [[Fr. Tiphaine, Theophanie, Lat..
TIFFIN } Theophania, Gt. eto^d «o — Geiis,
God -t- a der. of ipalvav, to show]

Cristina Typhayn. —

Soms. Subs. Roll, A.D. 1327.

This name seems to have been given
to a child(of eithersex)bornon Epiphany
Day (6th Jan.).

TIGG, v. Tegg.

TIGHE, a contr. of MacTlghe, q.v.

TILBERT (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Tilbe(o)rht [O.E.
til, good, liberal + he{o)rht, bright, illus-
trious]

TILBROOK (Eng.) Bel. to Tilbrook (Beds),

13th cent. Tilhroc, Domesday Tilebroc =

Tila's Brook [Tila, genit. Tilan-, f. O.E.

til, good, liberal -f- broc, a brook]

TILBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Tilbury (Essex), 13th

cent. Tillebyr', Tilbery, etc., A.-Sax. Tila-

burg (Baeda, ' Hist. Eccl.' iii. 22) = Tila's

Stronghold [y. under Tilbrook, and -t-

O.E. burg, a fortified place]

TILDEN (Eng.) Bel. to Tilden (app. Kent),

13th cent. Tildenne = Tila's Valley [v.

under Tilbrook, and -(- O.E. denu, dat.

dene, a valley]

Tildesley

223

Tillotson

TILDESLEY \ (Eng.) Bel. to Tyldesley

TILDSLEY J (Lanes), 13th cent. Tyldesley,

Tildesle [An unrecorded A.-Sax. pers.

name (in the genit.) seems to be involved

here, prob. *TiloV, i. til, good, with the

dim. suff. -o«;— + O.E. ledh (M.E. ley, le,

etc.), a lea, meadow]

TILESTON, V. Tilaton.

TILEWRIGHT (Eng.) Tile-Maker ; Potter

[O.E. tigelwyrhta]

In the A.-Sax. Version of S. Matthew,

xxvii. 7, tigelwyrhta is used to translate the

Gr. Kepa/ieis, a potter,

TILFORD 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Tilford (Surrey)
TILLFORD J [Early forms seem tp be lack-
ing, but the first element is probi the
pers. name seen in Tilbrook and Tilbury:
the ford over the Wey has long been
replaced by a bridge]

TILL (Eng.) a descendant of one of the A.-Sax.

Till- or Til- names, as Tilla, Tilli, Tila,

Tile, Till, Tilbe{oyht, .TilfriS, etc. [f. O.E.

til, good, liberal]

Thomas fil. Tilla.—

, Lane. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1246.

(A.-Fr.-Teut.) a pet form of Matilda : v.
under Malkin.

(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Til or Thil (France);
or Dweller at a Lime-Tree [Lat. tilia]

The surname Du Thil in France has
been largely replaced by the later Du
Theil (Dutheit).

TILLARD 1 (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the FrenchTillard,

r\LLE/\RD j Tilhard, O.Frank. Tilhard -=

Good (and) Brave [the O.Frank, cognate

of O.E. til, good, liberal + hard, hard,

brave]
TILLCOCK= TilP,' (q.y.)-t-the pet suff. -cocit.

TILLER I (Eng.) iHusbandman [f. O.E. tilia,

TILLIER J land-cultivator, labourer; with later

E. agent, suff. -er, or A.-Fr. -jer]

The stalke, the greyne, and floures alle.
That to the tilieris f6rdone[destroyed]: —
Chaucer, Som. of the Rose, 4338-9.

2 Good' Army rA.-Sax. Tilhere — til,
good, liberal -t- here, army]

Tilhere was a famous 8th-eent. bishop
of Worcester.

The Mbd. Fr. tilleur, a 'stripper',
'hemp-scutcher", has prob. had no sur-
nominal influence in this country.

TILLET(T (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Lime-

Tree Grove [Fr. Tillet, f. Lat. tiliet-um ■

— tilia, a linden- or Ume-tree, with the

plantatioa-suff. -et-um]

Marquis du Tillet.— Pam Direct. ,

The form of the place-name in the
Meuse; Vosges, etc., Departments is
(le)Thillot.

Cp. Tilly.

(A.-Fr.-Teut.) if. the Cont.-Teut. cog-
nate of O.E. til, 'good' (v. under TilP)i
with the Fr. dim. suff. -et.

2 f . a pet form of Matilda (v. under
Malkin), with the Fr, dim. suff. -et.

V^fe] =TMiy,q.v.

TILLING (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Tilling = Till-
(v. Till') -1- the ' son' suff. -ing.

TILLINGTON (Eng.) Bel. toTillington (Staffs:
Domesday Tillintone ; Suss. ; Heref.),
A.-Sax. *Til(l)inga-ttin = the Estate of
THE Til(l)- Family [the pers. name is
f. O.E. til, good -f- -inga, genit. pi. of the
fil. suff. -ing + ttin, estate, etc.]

But the Sussex place was Tullingtun in
a Latin charter a.d. 960, pointing to a
different origin.

TILLI0L(L (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Lime-
Tree [O.Fr. tiliol {Mod. Fr. tilleul), Lat.
*tiliol-us, a dim. form of tilia, a lime-tree]

Petr' TilWoW.— Charter-Rolls, tp. Ric. U.
This name seems almost entirely to
have merged into Tilly.

TILLISON, TiLLiE's or Tilly's Son : v.
Tilly >,".

TILLMAN 1 (Eng.) i Plougijman, Husband-
TILLMON J man [f. O.E. tilian, to till+»jaB(»,

»20n(n]
2 Good Man [A..Sax. Til{l)man, Til(t)-
mon — til, good, liberal]
Tilmott was the name of one of the
English priests who accompanied the ill-
fated Hewalds in their mission to the
Continental Saxons a.d. 690, as related by
Beeda, ' Hist. Eccl.', v. 10.

TILLOCK (Eng.) Good rA.-Sax. Tilluc — til,
^ood, Mberal -I- the dim. suff. -uc]

TILLOT(T (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the same name as
Tillet(t (A.-Fr.-Teut.), q.v., but with the
Fr. dim. suff. -ot instead of -et.

Tillot is not now a very common
French surname.

(A.-Fr.-Lat.) for Tillet(t (A.-Fr.-Lat.),
q.v.

TILLOTSON, Tillot's Son.
JohaHnes Tillotson.—

Yorks Poll-Tax, A,D. 1379.

Tills

224

Tinckler

TILLS, TiLL's (Son) : v. Till.

TILLSON, TiLL's Son : v. Till,

In the Yorks PoU-Tax (a.d. 1379), this
surname is found in the forms Tilleson,
Tylleson, and Tyllson.

TILLY (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Tilly (France) =
the Linden-Grove [Lat. tilietum — tilia,
a linden- or lime-tree + the plantation-

suff. -et-uni]
There are several places in France
called Tilly, two of them being in the
Dept. of Calvados.

A de Tilly occurs in the List of " Com-
pagnons de Guillaume k la ConquSte de
i'Angleterre en MLXVI " graven over the
main doorway (inside) of the old church
at Dives, Calvados.

Philipa de Tylly alias Tilli.— Cn/. Geneal

(Eng.) Good [f. the A.-Sax. name-stem
n/(/- {til, good), with the E. dim. suff. -y]

A riV/i occurs in the LiberVitae Dunelm.

(A.-Fr.-Teut.) a double dim. oi Matilda :
V. under Malkin.

TILLYER = Tilliep, Tiller', q.v,

TILMAN: V.Tillman.

TILNEY (Eng.) Bel. to Tilney (Norf.), 13th
cent. Tilney(e, A.-Sax. *Tilanig = Tila's
Island or Waterside [Tilan-, genit. of
Tila, f. O.E. til, good + i{e)g, island, etc.]

TILSLEY for Tildesley, q.v.

TILSON I V. Tillson.

occ. 2 for Tllston, q.v.

TILSTON (Eng.) Bel. to Tilston (Chesh.),
17th cent. Tilston, i6th cent. TyUton,
A.-Sax. *Tilestiin = Tile's Farm or
Estate [the pers. name (in the genit.) is f.

O.E. til, good : 1- tun, estate, etc.]

John Tylston. —

Chstr. Freemen-Rolls, A.D. 1537-8.

TlLTON(Eng.) Bel.toTilton (Leic.), 13th cent.

Tylton, Domesday Tiletone = TiLA'S Farm

or Estate [A.-Sax. Tila, genit. Tilan-, f.

O.E. til, good + Itin, estate, etc.]

TIMBRELL (A.-Fr.-Ldt.-Gr.) a nickname f.

the Timbrel [a dim. f. M.E. O.Fr.

timbre, a tambourine]

TIMBS (with intrus. b) for Tim(m)8, q.v.

TIMCOCK = Tim(m, q.v. -K the pet suff.
-cock.

TIMES = Tims, q.v.

TIMEWELL (Eng.) The first element is
hardly the herb-name 'thyme', and it is
prob. for ' timber' [O.E. timber, timber, a
building], the whole name denoting
a timber-roofed well.

TIMIN = Tim(m), q.v.+the Fr. dim. suff'. -in.
Gilbert Timin.— ^««rf. Rolls.

TIMINS, Timin's (Son).

TIMLETT = Tim(m), q.v. -f the Fr. double
dim. suf. -el-et.

TIMLIN = Tim(m), q.v. + the Fr. double
dim. suff'. -el-in.

TIIV!(N1, a dim. of Timothy, q.v.

TIMMIE = Timm (q.v.)-)-the E. dim. suff. -/e.

TIMMIN = Timm (q.v.) -|- the Fr. dim.

suff. -in.
TIMMINS, Timmin's (Son).

TIMIVIIS, Timmie's (Son) : v. Timmie.

TIMMON I = Timm (q.v.) + the Fr. dim.
suff. -on.

(rarely) 2 for Timoii, Gr. Tlfuov {Acts,
vi. 5.) [f. Gr. Ti/ios, Ti/iii, honour, reward]

TIMMONS, Timmon's (Son).

TIMMS, Timm's (Son) : v. Tim(m, Timothy.

TIMOTHY (A.-Gr.) Honoured of God [Gr.
tt/iieeos (Lat. Tinietheus),f.nfidu, I honour,
revere -|- Beds, God : cp. the reverse for-
mation Qe6-Ti.fi.os, honoured of God]

TIMPANY (Celt.) Harper, Minstrel [Ir.

tiompdnach, f. E.Ir. tiompan, ' a small

stringed instrument' ; conn, with Lat.

tympan-um, a. timbrel]

Tl M PERLEY (Eng.) Bel.toTimperley {Chesh.),
14th cent. Tymperlegh,Tymperley [The first
element is app. not for ' timber,' but for
an A.-Sax. pers. name Timhere, whose
existence may be inferred from the Tym-
erington occurring in an ' Inq. ad quod
Damn." for Yorks tp. Edw. II. :— -)- M.E.
ley, legh, O.E. ledh, a lea, meadow]

TIMPSON (with intrus. p) for Timson, q.v.

TIMS, Tim's (Son) 1 „ -n^i.^ Ti,v,«th«
TIMSON, Tim's Son) v.Tim(m, Timothy.

TINCKER (Eng.) Tinker [M.E. tinkere, f.
tinker, to tinkle ; of imit. orig.]

TINCKLER = Tinkler, q.v.

Tindal

225

Tirebuck

TINDAL 1

TIN DALE (Celt. + Eng.) Bel. to Tindale,
TINDALL \ 13-I4th cent. Tyndale, i.e. the
TINDELL / (River) Tyne-Dale [O.E. daU
TINDILL a dale, valley]

TINDLE J

TINGAY"! (Scand.) Dweller at the Parlia-

TINGEYJ MENT-FiELD \0.^.\ing, assembly,

parliament (Dan.-Norw. ting, court of

justice) + hagi, a field]

TINGHILLI (Eng.) Dweller at the Meeting

TINGLE for Court Hill [O.E. ^ing, a

meeting, court of justice + hyll]

The interdental (Ih) sound has been
lost through Scand. influence (see under
TIngay) : we find a 'Ricardus Tynghill'
in the Yorks Poll-Tax a.d. 1379, which
name had becomeTjin^^/ by the 1 5th cent.

(Celt. + Eng.) Tingle may sporadically
be a gutturalized form of Tindal, q.v.

TINING (Eng.) Dweller at an Enclosure
(esp. a new enclosure) [Dial. E. titling, f.
tine, O.E. tynan, to fence, enclose]
Thomas atte Tynyng. —

Soms. Subs. Roll, A.D. 1327.

TINKLER (Eng.) a North, form of Tinker:
V. Tlncker> [f. M.E. tinklen, to tinkle]

My bonny lass, I work in brass,
A tinkler is my station. —

Burns, The Jolly Beggars, 212-13.
Henry le Tirikeler. —

Lane. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1278.

Rogerus Tynkler. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

TINLING is prob. for the imit. ' ting-a-Hng', a
nickname for a Tinker or Bellman.

TINMOUTH : v. Tynemouth.

V. Tennlswood.

TINNISWOOD I
TINNSWOOD J

TINSLAY 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Tinsley (Yorks),
TINSLEY \ 14th cent. Tyneslawe, Domesday
TIN SLY J Tineslawe [O.E. hlAw, a hill, tu-
mulus: the pers. name is evid. that seen in
Tyneberht, the name of a gth-cent. bishop
of Lichfield, which again is a var. of the
fairly-common A.-Sax. pers. name Tun-
beip)rht = World Bright or Glorious ; the
first element being the O.E. tun, a farm,
estate, but in the abstract denoting the
world ; and the pers. element (in the
genit.) in the Yorks place-name may be a
shortened form of Tyneberht]

TINSON for Timson, q.v.

TIPKIN (16th cent. Typkyn) for TIbkin, q.v.

TIPKINS, TiPKTN's(Son).

TIPLADY, app. a nickname for a libertine.

TIPLER (A.-Scand.) orig. Beer-Seller [cp.

Norw. tipla, to tipple, freq. of tippa, ' to

drip from a point or tip']

Tiple, v., to sell ale or beer. Tipler,
the person who sold it. —

Boston Records, i6th cent. ; T.Wright.

No inn keeper, ale - house keeper,
victualler, or tipler ... —

Abshp. Grindal, Remains, p. 138.

TIPPER (Eng.) Header, Pointer, Mounter
(one who furnished articles with metal
tips or mounts) [M.E. tipper{e, f. M.E. tip,
a tip, with the agent, suff. -er{e ; Teut.]

Henry le Tipper. —

Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.
Richard le Tippere. —

Chesh. Chmbrlns'. Accts., A.D. 1303-4.

!^!pp|^.._ I unvoiced forms of Tibbet(t, q.v.

Tl PPET(T)S, unvoiced form of Tibbet(t)s,q.-v.

TIPPIN I for Tibbin, q.v.
2 for Tipping, q.v.

TIPPING (Eng.) Tippa 's Son [the A.-Sax.
pers. name Tippa (' Dipl. Angl'., p. 395)
-f the 'son' suff. -ing: the name is f.
an O.Low Teut. word seen in E.Fris. and
L.Ger. tippen, Swed. ti^pa, to tap, tip,
strike gently]
Ewan Typpynge. —

Preston Guild-Rolls, A.D. 1542.

There has been confusion with Tippin
for Tibbin, q.v.

TIPPINS, Tippin's (Son) : v. TIppln.

TIPPITT for TIppett, TIbbett, q.v.

TIPPLE for Tibbie, q.v.

TIPPLER = Tipler, q.v.

TIPTON (Eng.) Bel. to Tipton or Tibbington
(Staff's), 13th cent. Tibinton, Domesday
Tibintone, A.-Sax. *Tibinga-tiin = the
Estate of the Tiba Family [tlie
A.-Sax. pers. Tiba or Tibba is a pet contr.
of a name whose first element is Tid- or
Theod-, etc., with a second element beginn-
ing with 6-, as -b{e)ald or -be(o)rht -|-
-inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff'. -ing + tun,
farm, minor, etc.]
There is also a small chapelry called
Tipton in Devonshire.

TIREBUCK, as it occurs in the neighbourhood
of Tarbock (v. Tarbook), is no doubt a

226

Tirney

Tiverton

corrupt imitative form of that name ; but
Tirebuck, the Liverpool novehst, used to
say that the name was due to an ancestor
who was so fleet a runner as to " tire
the buck " I

TIRNEY = Tierney, q.v.

TIRRELL (A.-Fr.-Teut.), the 13th cent. Tirel,
Tirell, Tyrel, Tyrell, weak forms of tlie
Domesday Turold, Tnrald, O.N. Tlwr(u)ald-r
(A.-.Sax. Thurw{e)ald) = Thor - Ruler
[O.N. Thor-r + uald-r, ruler ; uald, power,

might]
Rad' TnsW— Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1203-4.
Walter Tyre].— Hund.-Rolls, A.D. 1274.
Edward Tirell et Thomas Tyrell. —

Ing. ad g. Damn., temp. Hen. VI.

The French surnames Tirel, later

Tireau,Thirel, laterThireau, are considered

by some French writers to be referable to

Thierry : v. Terpy.

TISBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Tisbury (Wilts),
A.-Sax. Tysseburh, Tysanburh (dat., ' t6
Tysanbyrig) = Tysa's Stronghold [the
A.-Sax. pers. name Tysa is prob. conn.

with O.E. ge)t(kse, pleasant : f- bmh, a

fortified place]

TISDALE ]

TISDALL \ = Teesdale, q.v.

TISDELL

TISSINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Tissington
(Derby), 13th cent. Tissinglon, Domesday
Tizinctun, A. - Sax. *Tysinga-tun = the
Estate of the Tysa Family [for the
pers. name see under Tisbury, and -|-
-inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suft. -ing + tiin,
estate, farm, etc.]

TITCHBORNE : v. Tlohborne.

TITCHEN (Eng.) a nickname from the Km
[O.E. ticcen, ticgen, a kid]

TITCHENER] (Eng.) may be apocopated
TITCHENORJ forms of 'Titchen-Herd', i.e.
Kid-Herd [v. Titchen] ; but the analogy
of Buller and Calver seems to show that
the second element is really the agent,
suff. -er ; and in any case the meaning is
the same.

Lower, 'Eng. Surn.', ii. 43, says: "A
village in western Sussex bears the name
Itchenor. In the same district resides a
family surnamed Titchenor." This is
perhaps worth mentioning. Lower's idea
being that ' Titchenor ' " is probably a
corruption of ' De Itchenor.' " If he had
suggested that the T- of ' Titchenor' had
been "attracted'' from the preposition 'at'
it would have been more to the point ;
but neither case is probable.

TITCHFIELD : v. Tiohflelcl.

TITCHMARSH (Eng.) Bel. to Titchmarsh

(Nortliants), I3lh cent. Tichemersh{e =

the Goat-Marsh [v. under TIchborne,

and -t- O.E. mersc, a marsh]

TITCHWELL(Eng.) Bel. to Titchwell (Norf.),
A.u. 1199-1200 Tichewell = the Goat-
Spring (spring used by goats) [v. under
TIchborne, and -f O.E. w(i)ella, a spring,

well]

TITE, the French form of Titus, q.v.

TITFORD (Etig.) Bel. to Tetford (Lines), 14th

cent. Tetford [for the first (pers.) element

see under Tetbury]

TITHERINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Tytheringtou
(Chesh. : 13th - 14th cent. Tyderinton,
Tyderington ; Glouc. : 12th cent. Tidring-
ton, Domesdayrzirra/MBe; Wilts), A.-Sax.
*Tidheringa-tun or *Theodheringa-tiin = i\ie
Estate of the Tidhere or Theodhere
Family [for the pers. name see under

Tidder: 1- -inga, genit. pi. of the fil.

suff. -ing -I- tiin, farm, estate, etc.]

TITHERLEIGH (Eng.) Bel. to Titherleigh

(Dorset), Tytherley (Hants) [O.E. ledh, a

lea, meadow: for the first (pers.) element

see under Titherington]

TITLEY (Eng.) 1 Bel. to Titley (Heref.), the

Domesday Titelege, A.-Sax. *Tita7t-ledh =

Tita's Lea [Titan-, genit. of Tita -1- ledh,

{., dat. ledge, a meadow]

2 for Tetley, q.v.

TITLING (Scand.) a nickname from the
SpARROvy [O.N. titling-r]

TITLOW for Tetlow, q.v.

TITMAN for TIdman : v. under TIddeman.

TITMAS \ (Eng.) a nickname from the TiT-
TITMUS MOUSE [M.E. tytmose, titmose —
TITMUSS [tit, small (cp. O.N. titt-r, a tit) +
TITTMUS j mose, O.E. mdse, a small bird]

TITSWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Tittesworth

(Staffs), I3tli cent. Tettesworth, Tetesworth

= Tet(t)'s Farm or Messuage [cp.

Tetley, Tetbury ; and -|- O.E. W0r%]

TITTERINGTON, v. Titherington.

TITTERTON (Eng.) Bel. to Titterton or

Tytherton (Wilts) [O.E. tiin, farm, estate:

for the first (pers.) element see under

Titherington]

TITUS (Lat.) is prob. conn, with Lat. Titan,
Gr. TiTiv, 'a giant'.

TIVERTON (Eng.) Bel. to i Tiverton (Devon),

anc. Twyfordton = the Double-Ford

Town [O.E. twi-, two-, double -^ ford +

tiin, enclosure, farm, town]

Toal

227

Tollemache

There are " two bridges over the Exe
and Loman, at the points where these
rivers were formerly forded". — Nat. Gaz.

2 Tiverton (Chesh.), a.d. iy}2-^Teverton

[liere a pers. name is in question, prob.

the fairly common A.-Sax. Tidfri'S : — +

tiin, farm, etc.]

TOAU = Toole, q.v.

TOBBIAS 1 (Gr. - Heb.) Jehovah is Good

TOBIAS I [Gr. Tw^fas, Heb. Tdbhiydh—tdbh,

good ; Yak, a contr. of Y'h&vdh, the Lord]

Ego Tobias presbyter rogatus testis
subscripsi. —

Kentish Charter, A.D. 699 ; Cart. Sax.

no. 99

T°|f,^}v.Tohy.

TOBIN, a double dim. of Tobias, q.v.

TOBINS, Tobin's (Son) : v. Tobln.

TOBIT(T (Gr.-Heb.) [Gr. Twj3fe)fT = Heb.
Tdbhiydh : v. Tobias]

TOBY, an Anglicized form of Tobias, q.v.

"Who so hath rauche, spende manUche":

So seith Tohye.— Piers Plowman, 5781-2.

... as seyde the aungel Raphael to

Thobie. — Chaucer (Pcrsoiins Tale), I 905.

TOD \ (Teut.) I a nickname from the Fox

TODD J [M. and Dial. N.E. and Scot, torf, a fox,

a bush (the fox was called a tod from his

brush) : cp. O.N. toddi (Dan.-Norw. tot), a

tuft = Dut. tod, todde, a rag = Ger. notte,

a tuft]
John le Tod. — Pari. Writs.

This tod, to rest him, he passit to ane
craig . . .

Than [then] rorfLowrie lukit quhair he
couth lour [hide]. —

Henryson, Trial of the Fox.

My helpless lambs I trust them wi' him ;
Oh, bid him save their harmless lives
Frae dogs, an' tods, an' butchers' knives !
Burns, Poor Mailie, 28-30.

2 Dweller at the Bush or Small
Thicket [etym. as i]

At length within an yvie todde. —

Spenser, Shep. Cal. (March).

TODHUNTER (Eng.) Fox-Hunter [v. Tod

and Hunter]

TODNAM 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Tod(d)enham

TODMAN J (Glouc), the Domesday TVo&Aaw,

A.-Sax. *Teodanhdm = Teoda's Home or

Estate [Teodan-, genit. of Teoda (f. O.E.

d, nation, people) -|- hdm, home, etc.]

TOFIELD, app. (with intrus. -d) = Tufflll, q.v.

TOFT (A.-Scand.) Bel. to Toft ; or Dweller at
a Croft or Messuage [M.E. and Dial. E.
toft ; O.E. toft, 'a piece of ground' ; f. O.N.
topt (p as /), a homestead (Dan.-Norw.

toft, a croft ; Swed. tomt, ground, place]

A subsidiary meaning in Old Norse,
"the walls or foundations of a former
building", may be compared with the
Kent. Dial, secondary signification, " a
piece of ground on which a messuage
formerly stood," and the N. Lane, "a field
where a house or building once stood."

"In a court-book of the manor of Der-
wentwater, Gawan Wren was fined ten
shillings about 1640 for having two fires
on in one tofi at the same time." —

Cumbd. Gloss., p. 104.

In Piers Plowman (II. 27, 29) the word
seems to denote an eminence —

I seigh [saw] a tour on a toft . . .

A deep dale bynethe.

Cp. Taft.

TOFTS, pi. (and genit.) of Toft.

TOKE (A. - Scand.) the 13th cent. Take,
Domesday Toka, Tochi, Tocha, etc.,
A.-Scand. Toca VToca I)anus, c. 1030,
'Liber Vitse' Hyde Abbey), Toce, O.N.
Take, Toki, a pet contr. of the O.N.
ThiffSgeir (mod. Norw, Tiodgeir, Tiogiei,
etc.) = National Spear [O.N. ^iSS,
nation, people -f- geir-r, a spear]

TOKELIN = Toke (q.v.) + the Fr. double
dim. suflf. -e)l-in.
Richard Tokelyn. —

Soms. Subs.-Roll, A.D. 1327.

TOLEMAN = Tolman, q.v.

TOLER = Toller, q.v.

TOLFREE"! (Eng.) Toll- Free (free from

TOLFREY J taxation) [M.E. and M. Scot, toll-

fre, O.E. toll-frio, 'exempt from toll']

The uther mous that in the burgh can
byde

Wes gild-brother and maid ane fre
burgess,

Toll-fre als[o], but [without] custum
mair or less. —

Henryson, The Uplandis Mous, 10-12.

TOLL (A.-Heb.) a dim. of Bartholomew, q.v.

(Eng.) Dweller at a Toll - House ;

meton. for Toller, q.v. [O.E. toll, toll,

toll-house]

TOLLADY, an assim. form of Toplady, q.v.

TOLLEMACHE for Tallemache, q.v.

A connexion with M.H.Ger. tolmetsche
(Ger. dolmetsch). Hung, tolmdcs (of Turk,
orig.), 'interpreter', is not likely.

Toller

228

Tongue

TOLLER (Eng.) Tax-collector [M.E. toller(e,

O.K. tollere]
Of ryche Pers, jie tollere. —
Robt. of Brunne, Handlyng Synne, 5814.

Loke Matheu was first toller. —

Cursor Mundi, 25<8°4-

Taillpurs and tynkeres,

And tolleres in marketes. —

Piers Plowman, 438-g.

TOLLET(T "1 (A.-Fr.-Heb.) double dims, of
TOLLIT(T I Bartholomew, q.v.

TOLLEY 1 (A.-Heb.) double dims, of Bar-
TOLLY I tholomew, q.v.

(Scand.) Tollei and Tolli are mod.

Norw. forms of the O.N. Thorleik-r =

Thor's Sport or Contest [O.N. leik-r,

sport, contest, etc.]

TOLLMAN 1 (Eng.) Toll-Man, Tax-Col-
TOLMAN \ LECTOR [M.E. O.E. toll, toll, tax
TOLMON J + man]

TOLMIE, a Scot.-Gael. form of the A.-Scaud.
Holm(e, q.v.

TOLMIN, 17th cent. Tolmin, Towlmyn, is prob.
a Northern local name, in which case the
second element is the O.N. minni, mynni,
mouth (of a river, valley, etc.) : in Eng.
usage applied to the meeting of either
streams or roads), as in Stalmine, q.v, ;
and the first element may be the O.N.
pers. name Toll. But there has been some
confusion with Tolman.

TOLMING = Tolmin (q.v.) with excresc. -g.

TOLNER (Eng.) Tax - Collector [O.E.

tolnere']
TOLSON, Toll's Son : v. ToM.

TOM, like Thorn, a dim. of Thomas, q.v.

TOMALIN for Tomlin, q.v.

TOMAN (Eng.) a syncopated form of Tolman,
q.v.

(Celt.) a nickname f. the Ir. toman, a
'bush,' a 'tuff.

TOMBLESON, like Tombllnson, with intrus.
b for Tomlinson, q.v.

^SZtll^lol^--^-""''!-

TOMBLINSON for Tomlinson, q.v.

TOMBS for Tom(e)8, q.v.

TOMES = Toms, q.v.

TOMEY, a double dim. of Thomas, q.v.

TOMILTY, see the commoner form Tumilty.

TOMKlll}f°'^T°'"'*'"^''l-^-

TOM KIN = Tom (Thomas), q.v. + the E.
(double)^dim. suff. -kin [O.LowTcut. -k-in]

The 14th - cent. (Yorks) form was
Thomkyn.

See the quotation from 'The Turnament
of Tottenham' under Terry.

TOMKINS, ToMKiN's (Son) 1 „ t-„,„^.
TOMKINSON, Tomkin's SonJ^- '"'"xin.

TOMLEY, a metalhetic form of Tolmie, q.v.

TOMLIN -Tom (Thomas), q.v. -f the double
dim. suff. -e)l-in.

The 14th - cent. English forms are
Tomelyn, Thomelyn, Tomlyn, Thomlyn.

Thomelin is now somewhat rare in
France.

TOMLINS, ToMLiN's(Son) 1 „ .r„,„,i„
TOMLINSON, Tomlin's Son j ^- 'O""""-

HenricusThomlynson. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

TOMLYN = Tomlin, q.v.

TOMMAS = Thomas, q.v.

TOMPKIN= (with the common post -»; intrus.
p) Tom kin, q.v.

TOMPKINS,ToMPKlN's(Son) "I ^ ..
TOMPKINSON,ToMPKiN'sSoN J ^' ' '""PX'"-

TOMPSETT
TOMPSITT

TOMPSON = (with the common post-w
intrus. />) Tomson, Thomson, q.v.

TOMS, Tom's (Son) 1 Tom, like Thorn, a
TOMSON, Tom's Son J dim. of Thomas, q.v.

TOMSETT
TOMSITT

TONER (Ir.) The family of O'Tomhrair, who
now call themselves Toner, took their
name from an ancestor 'lomhrar. — ^Joyce,
Ir. Names of PI., ii. 139.

TONG 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Tong or Tonge; or
TONGE > Dweller at a Tongue or Point of
TONGUE I Land (such, e.g., as would be
formed by the meeting of two streams)
[M.E. tonge, tunge, O.E. tunge, a tongue]
Two brooks meet at Tong(e (13th cent.
Tonglie), Salop ; and Tongland, Kirkcud-
bright, " stands at the confluence of the
rivers Tarf and Dee". The Yorks Tong,
Tunge in the 13th cent., occurs as Tuinc in
Domesday-Bk.

i for Thomasset, q.v.

I for Thomasset, q.v.

Tonkies

229

Topham

TONKlll|f°^T°"k'ns-q--

TONKI
TONKYN

N \ I a double dim. of Ant(h)ony, q.v.
rN J [E. di " " ~ ■ ~

m. suff. -kin, O.LowTeul.
-k-(n\

2 for Tomkin, q.v.

TONKINS, Tonkin's (Son) 1 „ T^„^i„
TONKINSON, Tonkin's Son r lonKin.

TONKS, a contr. of Tonkins, q.v.

TONSON I Tony's Son : v. Tony, Ant(h)ony.
2 for Tomson, q.v.

TONY, a dim. of Ant(h)ony, q.v.

TOOEY, V. Toohy.

TOOGOOD, I3th-i4th cent. Togod, in spite of
apparent phonological difficulties, seems
to represent the Domesday 'lurgod, O.N.
Thorgaut-r (mod. Norw. Torgaut) : v.
Thupgood, Thupgate.

TOOHY (Celt.) North-Country ; Boorish

[Ir. Tuathach {th as h) — nepotic or genit.

form O'Tuathaigh — f. tuath, the north +

the agent, suff. -acK]

^°g|^,} = Toke,q.v.

TOOKER (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Tucker, Fuller (of
cloth) [iVI.E. to(u)ker{e, tuker(e, tokker, a
fuller; f. Fr. toquer (^toucher), to beat,
knock ; of Teut. orig. : cp. Low Ger.
tukken = Ger. zucken, to twitch, jerk, etc.]

Roger leTukere.—/fM«(/.ifflHi,A.D.i274.

Alex' le Toukere. —

Soms. Subs. Roll, A.D. 1327.

John Touker (Soms.). —

MSS. Dn. & Ch. Wells, A.D. I474-S-
Taillours, tanneris,
And tokkeris bothe. —

Piers Plowman, 438-9 (MS. Trin. 2).

Tucker, sb,, fuller.—

West Devon Gloss., A.I>. 1796.

TOOKEY (A.-Scand.) the I3th-cent. Toky, nth
cent. Tokig: the same name as Took(e,
Toke (q.v.), with the dim. suff.

TOOLE (Celt.) v. O'Toole.

TOOLEY (A.-Scand.) the I3th-I4thcent. Toly,
Toll, nth-cent. Tolig (also O.Dan.), a pet
form of the O.N. Thorleik-r = Thor's
SpoRTor Contest [O.N. leik-r, sport, etc.]

Mod. Norw. forms of O.N. Thorleik-r are
Tolleik, Toilet, Tolli.

(Celt.) the Ir. Tuatkal{l)ach {th as h) =
Tuathal (v. O'Toole) with the pers. suff.
-ach.

TOOMBS for Tom(e)8, q.v.

TOOMER is f. the North. Fr. place-name St.
Omer, anc. St. Audomar, with the t of St.
attracted to the pers. name [the pers.
name isa compound of O.Ger. aud{=0.^.
au'S-r = O.Sax. dd=O.E. edd), prosperity,
wealth, happiness, and mdri ( = O.E.
mcere), famous]

William de St. Omero. — Hund. Rolls.

TOOMEYl (Celt.) the Irish O'Tuama =

TOOMY J Descendant of Tuam [Ir. d or

ua, grandson, descendant : the pers. name

is f. the Ir. tua{i)m, a stronghold]

TOON 1 ^
TOONE J 'own, q.v.

TOOP I (Eiig.) lengthened vars. of Tupp,
TOOPE J q.v. ; but there may have been
some confusion with Topp, q.v.

TOOTAL(L ) (A.-Fr.-Teut.) for the French

TOOTEL(L ( r(?fe/,adoubledira.ofTheodopio,

q.v. [Fr. dim. suff. -el]

As is so often the case with A.-Fr.
names, our I3th-cent. form is the present-
day French form —

Custance Totel. — Hund. Rolls.

(Eng.) for Toothlll, q.v.

TOOTH (Eng.) a nickname, like the cognate
Dent [M.E. toth, O.E. t£^, a tooth, tusk]

Thomas Toth. — Hund. Rolls.

TOOTH ILL \ (Eng.) Dweller at a Toot-Hill,

TOOTILL /i.e. a Look-out - Hill [M.E.

totehill, totehylle ; i. M.E. toten, O.E. tdtian,

to peep out, project -f- O.E. hyll, a hill]

John de Totehill. — ■

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

TOOTING (Eng.) Bel. to Tooting (Surrey), the
Domesday Totinges, in Latin charters of
the A.-Sax. period Totinge = (the Estate
of the) ToTA Family [A.-Sax. Totingas
(dat. pi. Totingum): the pers. name Tot(t)a
is a pet form, of one of the A.-Sax. Torht-
names (O.E. torht, beautiful, glorious) -|-
-ingas, pi. of the 'son' suff. -ing]

TOOTLE I for Tootel(l\ q.v.
2 for Toothlll, q.v.

TOOVEY (A.-Scand.) the common nth-cent.

Tofig (Domesday Tovi), O.N. Tofi, a dim.

of rAzoSi)flH-f= National Ruler [O.N.

Jiio'S, nation, people -|- vald-r, ruler]

TOPHAM (Eng.) Dweller at the Upper Field;

or the Hill-Field [O.E. topp, a summit

-f ham{m, a piece of land]

Tophill

230

Totler

TOPHILL (Eng.) Dweller at the Top of the
Hill [O.E. topp, a summit + hylt\

TOPLADY is app. a nickname fo( a libertine.

TOPLEY (Eng.) Dweller at the Upper
Meadow ; or the Hill- Meadow [O.E.
topp, a summit-|-Zea'A(M.E. ley), ameadow]

There are a Topley in Shropshire and
a Topley Pike in Derbyshire.

TOPLIFF (Eng.) Bel. to Topcliffe (Yorks),

14th cent. Topcliffe, 13th cent. Topclyf,

Domesday Topedive = the Top of the

Cliff [O.E. topp, a summit + clif]

l (Eng.) Dweller at the Top Leas

J [O.E. topp, a summit ; ledh, a lea,

meadow]

TOPP (Eng. and Scand.) Dweller at a Summit

[O.E. topp = O.N. topp-r\

(Scand.) a nickname f. the O.N. topp-r,
'tuft', 'lock of hair', 'forelock'.

TOPPER = Topp (q.v.) + the E. agent,
sufl. -er.

TOPPIN for Topping, q.v.

TOPPING (A.-Scand.) Dweller at the Top
Meadow [O.E. topp = O.N. topp-r, a top,
summit + O.N.E. ing, OM.eng, ameadow]

TOPPLE for Tophill, q.v.

TOPLIS
TOPLISS

TORBART

TORBARD

TORBERT

TORBET(T

TORBUTT

(Scand.) the O.N. Thorbiart-r =

Thor-Glorious [v. Thor, and

+ O.N. biart-r, bright, glorious,

etc.]

TORDOFF (Scand.) a corrupt Yorkshire de-
scendant of the O.N. Tkio'Sulf-r (A.-Sax.
Theodwulf) = National Wolf [O.N.
Jpii'S, nation, people + lilf-r, wolf]

The mod. Norw. form of this name is
Tiodolv

TORGETT (Scand.) the O.N. Thorgaut-r {mod.
Norw. Torgaut) : v. under Th ungate.

TORKINGTON (A.-Scand.) Bel. toTorkington
(Chesh.), i3th-i4th cent. Torkinton, Old
A.-Scai\A. *Torhinga-ttin = i\\e, Estate of
the ToRK- Family [thepers. M&meTork{a
is a contr. of the O.N. Thorkell, Thorketill,
mod. Norw. Torkell (v. Thurkell, Thur-

kettle) : h -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff.

-ing -f ttin, estate, etc.]

TORLEY 1 (Celt.) the Irish Toirdhealbhach

TORLOGH I (fil. —genit. — form MacToir-

dhealbhaigh) [Ir. tdir, aid, help +dealbhack,

ingenious, inventive ; handsome]

TORMEY (C^lt.) the Irish Tormach (nepotic

— genit. — form O'Tormaigh) [f. the Ir. verb

tormach-aim, I increase, magnify; tormach,

m., an increase, augmentation]

TORNEY (Celt.) for the Irish O'Torna, i.e.
Descendant of Torn(a = a Lord [Ir.
6 or iia, grandson, descendant -\- the genit.
oilr.tdrn, a head, summit; lord, sovereign]

"Tomey is now a pretty common family-
name, the correct form of which is O'Torna.
According to O'Curry, they derive their
name from the celebrated poet Torna
Eigeas, who flourished in the fourth
century ; and they inhabited the district
of O'Torna in the North of Kerry." —

Joyce, Ir. Names of PL, ii. 139

TORPIN (Scand.) form. Torphin, the O.N.

Thorfinn-r (mod. Norw. Torfinti) [v. under

Thon, and -f Finn-r, the ethnic name]

TORR ] (A.-Lat. ; A.-Celt.) Dweller at a

TORRE / Tower, or Tower-like Rock or

Hill [O.E. torr, a tower, rock, tor; Lat.

turr-is, a tower ; cogn. with Celt. tor{r, a

mound, heap, pile, conical hill, tower,

castle]
Henry atte Torre. — Fine-Rolls.

(Scand.) for the O.N. Thori-r, Thdr-r
(mod. Norw. Tore) : v. Thor.

TORRAN (Celt.) Dweller at a Knoll or

Hillock [Gael, torran (Ir. tordn) — torr, a

hill + the dim. suff. -dn]

TORRANS

= Torran (q.v.) + the Eng.
-J suffix.

TORRANCE i :
TORRENCE pi.
TORRENS J

There are places called Torrance in cos.
Lanark and Stirling.

2 Irish var. of Terence, q.v., and, like
it, used for the Ir. Toirdhealbhach : v.
Torley.

TORRIEl I like Terry', a contr. of Theo-
TORRY J doric, q.v.

2 like Torrence", used for the Ir.
Toirdhealbhach : v. Torley.

TORT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Wry, Crooked [O.Fr.
tort, Lat. tort-US, twisted, crooked]

Ralph le Tort. — Plac. de quo Warr.

TORTOISESHELL, an imit. form of Tatters-
hall, q.v.

TOTHILL, V. Toothill.

TOTILLER "I (Eng.) Tatler [f. M.E. totelen,
TOTLER J tatelen = L.Ger. tateln, to tattle]

John Totiller.— i?t)H5 of Pari.

The Chaucerian form was totelere.

Totman

231

Townshend

TOTMAN for Tottenham, q.v.

TOTTENHAM 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Tottenham
TOTTMAN I (M'sex), the Domesday Tote-
ham, A.-Sax. *Tot(t)an-hdm = Tot(t)a's
HoMEovEsTATE \Tot{t)an-,%m\t. oiTot{Oa,
a pet form of one of the A.-Sax. Torht-
(torht, glorious) names :- 1- ham, home]

The Turnament of Totenham have we
in mynde. — Percy's Reliques, II. I. iv.

\ 1 (Eng.) descendants of the A.-Sax.
TOTTY ( Tota, :

TOTTIE

Totta, pet forms of one of the
Torht- [O.E. torht, glorious] names (thus
the eighth-cent, bishop of Leicester Torht-
helm was familiarly Totta), -|- the E. dim.
suff. -ie, -y.
Johannes Totty. — •

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

TOTTINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Tottington
(Lane. : 13th cent. Totyngton, Totingtone,
Totington ; Norf.), A.-Sax. *Totinga-tun =
the Estate of the Tota Family [for the
pers. name see under Tottie, and -|- the
genit. pi., -inga, ot the fil. suff. -ing -f tun,

estate, etc.]

TOUHILL = Toole, O'Toole, q.v.

TOULMI
TOULMI

NEJ

Tolmin.

TOULSON, V. Tolson.

TOURNAYlv. the commoner Eng. form
tourney; Turney.

TOUT (Eng.) a nickname fM.E. and Dial E.

tout{e, the buttocks ; f. O.E. totian, to

project, protrude]

And Nicholas is scalded in the toute. —
Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 3853.

TOVEY, V. Toovey.

TOW (Eng.) Tough [Dial. E. tow, O.E. toh]

TOWCESTER (Celt. & A.-Lat.) Bel. to Tow-
cester (Northants), 14th cent. Toucestre,
Domesday Touecestre, A.D. 921 Tofeceaster
' ('t6 Tofe ceastre' — dat.) = the (Roman)
Camp on the R. Tow [the river-name is a
form of the Welsh river-name Taw{e —
Wei. taw, still, placid, sluggish ( = Ir.
tdmh — »iA as T)) + O.E. ceaster, Lat.
castra, a camp]

TOWELLl ,

TOWILL /

TOWER (Eng.) a var. of Tawer, q.v.
Gilbert le Tower.— Hund. Rolls.
(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Tower [M.E.
O.Fr. t(o)ur, Lat. turr-is]
Hugh de la Tour.— Ca/. Inq. P.M.

TOWERS (Eng.) the Tower's (Son) : v.
Tower', Tawer.
(A.-Fr.-Lat.) pi. of TowerS q.v.

TOWERSON (Eng.) the Tower's Son : v.
Tower', Tawer.

TOWGOOD = Toogood, q.v.

TOWL 1 I for Toll, q.v.
TOWLE / 2 for Towell, q.v.

TOWLER for Toller, q.v.

TOWLSON for Tolson, q.v.

TOWN "1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Town ; orig.

TOWNE J an ENCLOSURE, then a Farmstead,

Village [M.E. t{o)un, t{o)une (M. Scot.

toun{e), O.E. tun]

And he went and drew him to aan of

the citezenis of that cuntre, and he send

him into his toune to fede swyne. —

St. Luke, XV. 15 ; M.Scot, vers. (Nisbet).

In parts of the country, e.g. in the West

ot England and in Scotland, the town, or

'toon' (Ihe pron. of O.E. tun), is still the

farmyard.

TOWNDROW (with intrus. -t?-)for Town row,
q.v.

TOWNEND (Eng.) Dweller at the Town
(Village) -End [M.E. toun{e, O.E. tiin, farm,
hamlet, village -f- M.E. O.E. ende]
He lives agen the town-end. —

S.W.Linc. Gloss., p. 155.
Cp. Townsend.

TOWNER (Eng.) =Town (q.v.) -f the agent,
suff. -er.

TOWN H ER D 1 (Eng.) Town - HERDSMAN or

TOWNERD \ Farm-Bailiff [v.underTown,

and -I- M.E. herd{e, O.E. hierde, guardian,

keeper, etc.]

Augustin Tuuherd.— i/wwrf. Rolls.

TOWNLEY 1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Town

TOWNELEY J (Village)-MEADOw[M.E. f(o)M«,

O.E. tiin + M.E. ley, etc., O.E. Udh]

The Lane. Towneley was Tounley,Toun-

lay, in the 14th cent.

TOWNMAN (Eng.) This term goes back to

Anglo-Saxon times [O.E. tun mann, 'man

belonging to a tfln' — tun, farm, estate,

manor, etc.]

TOWNROE 1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Town

TOWNROW J (Village)-Row (of Dwellings)

[O.E. tAn -\- raw]

TOWNS, Town's (Son) : v. Town.

TOWNSEND 1 (Eng.) Dweller at the End OF

TOWNSHEND J A Town (Village) [O.E. tiin,

genit. tunes + ende"]

Townsley

232

Trapnell

Henry atte Tunesende. — Hand. Rolls.
Asomonour isarennereupanddoun. . .
And is y-bet [beaten] at everich tounes
ende. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, D 1283, 85.

Unto yone hospitall at the tounis end. —
Henrysoii, Test, of Cresseid, 382.

The intrus. -h- in the second form of
this name is found as early as the 13th
cent.

TOWNSLEY, equiv. to Townley, q.v.

TOWNSON I Town's Son : v. Town.

2 a corrupt form of Tomlinson, q.v.

3 for Towlson, Tolson, q.v.

TOWSE, Tow's (Son) : v. Tow.

TOWSON I Tow's Son : v. Tow.
2 for earlier Townson, q.v.

TOWSTER, the fem. form of Tower=Tawer,
q.v. [O.E. fem. agent, suif. -estre']

TOWZER (Eng.) i Teaser, Carder (of

wool, etc.) [f. E. touse, M.E. tusen, to pull

about ; of Teut. orig.]

2 used as a nickname for a Roisterer,
Rowdy [same etym.]

But let him loose amongst my kitchen-
furniture, my maids, never was seen so
tarmagant a towzer. —

Otway, The Atheist (1684) ; T. Wright.

TOY 1 (Scand.) a specif. East, and North.
TOYE J name, I3th-I4th cent. Toy, Toye, seems

to represent the O.N. Thia'Sgeir (mod.

Norw. Tiogiei) = A.-Sax. Theodgar, i.e.

National Spear [O.N. JjirfS = O.E. ^edd,

nation, people + O.N. geir-r = O.E.
gdr, a spear]

(Celt.) the Irish O'Tuaith (th mute) =

Descendant of Tuath, i.e. Northern

[Ir. tuath, northern]

TOYNBEE (Scand.) Bel. to Toynby (? Lines)

[O.N. by-r, farm, estate: the first element

doubtless represents a pers. name : v.

under Toynton]

TOYNTON (Scand.) Bel. to Toynton (Lines),
a.d. 1317-18 Toynton [O.N. ttin, enclosure,
homestead : the first element prob. repre-
sents'the O.N. (fem.) pers. nameThid'Sunn,
which (as Rygh points out in his 'Gamle
[Old] Personnavne', p. 250) occurs in
modern times as Tiown and Tion]

TOZER, v. Towzer.

TRACE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Trackway

[Fr. trace, a trace, path; Lat. tract-us, a

course, etc.]

TRACEY I (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Tracy (Nor-
TRACY f maudy) : (i) Tracy- Bocage — A.D.
1 198 Traceium, 141 7 Tracheium ; (2) Tracy-
sur-Mer — i2thcent.7VacsM»i, 1155 (Wace,
'Rom. de Rou') Tracie, 1255 Tracheium
[the Lat. suff. -eium denotes possession :
the first elem. embodies a pers. name,
prob. the Lat.-Gr. Thrasius, f. Gr. thrasys
(fifiaais), bold, courageous]

Richard de Tracy. — Hund. Rolls.
(Celt.) the Irish Treasach (nepotic —
genit. — form O'Treasaigh) [Ir. treas, battle
4- the agent, suff. -acK\

TRAFFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Trafilord (Man-
chester), I3th-i4th cent. Trafford = the
Tree-Ford (i.e. a ford whose passage was
facilitated by tree-stumps or timber-piles)
[O.E. tre&w, a tree, timber (= Dan.-Norw.
tra, Swed. tra) -f ford[\

TRAHAIARN 1 (Celt.) the O.Welsh TraAaj-arM,

TRAHARN [ a nickname of strength =

TRAHERN J Super-Iron [Wei. tra, over,

super- + haiarn, iron]

Ac yna y bu vrwydyr ym mynyd Cam,
ac yna y WasTrahayam uab Caradawc uab
Gruffud wyr lago.

(And then took place the battle on Cam
mountain, when was slain Trahaiarn, son
of Caradoc, son of Griffith, grandson of
lago).—

Brut y Tywysogion (Chronicle of the
[Welshi Princes), A.D. 1079.

Trahern ap Howel ap Rys (a Welsh
hostage in Chester Castle). —

Chesh. Chmbrlns.' Accts.,A.Ti. 1301-2.

TRAIL

TRAILL

TRALE

forms of Thrale, q.v. [cp. Dan.-
Norw. trcel=Swsd.trdl, a bondman]

TRAINER ] (Celt.) the Irish Treinfhear or

TRAINOR \ Trdunfhear {fh mute) = Strong

TRANNER J or Brave Man ; Hero [Ir. triun

(pron. train), strong, brave -|- the asp. form

ot fear, a man : cp mod. Gael, treunair,

'dihgent man']

TRANT, V. Trent.

TRANTER | (Teut.) Peddler, Carrier [cp.
TRANTOR \ M.Dut. tranten, to walk slowly;
TRAUNTOR J Low Ger. trant, a walk, pace]

Dick Dewy's father, Reuben, by voca-
tion a tranter, or irregular carrier. —
T. Hardy, Under the Greenwood-Tree, i. 2.

TRANTOM
TRANTUM

for Trentham, q.v.

TRAPNELL (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the YxmchTrapinel,

a double dim. i. Fr. trapu = Squat,

Stumpy [v. under Trapp]

Trapp

233

Tregear(e

TRAPP (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the French Trappe,

Trap(e = Squat, Stumpy [Fr. trapu ; of

Teut. orig. : cp. Ger. trapp, a heavy step ;

trappen, to walk heavily]

John Trappe. — Hund. Rolls.

TRAPPS, Trapp's (Son) : v. Trapp.

TRASK (Scand.) Dweller at a Bog or Marsh

[Scand. trdsk]

TRASS, a form of Trace, q.v. : cp. Scot, tras,
'a game-track'.

TRATT, a var. of Trott, q.v.

TRAVERS \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dwellerat a Cross-

TRAVERSE J Road [O.Fr. travers-e; f. Lat.

transversus, oblique, athwart]

TRAVISS I '"'^^'^ forms of Travers(e, q.v.

In the late i6th and early 17th centuries
the same individual is often called indiff-
erently 'Travers' and 'Travis'.

TRAYNER 1
TRAYNORJ

Trainer, Trainor, q.v.

TRAYTON, a var. of Treeton, q.v.

TREACHER (A.-Fr.-Lat.)TRAlTOR,TRiCKSTER
fM.E. treacher, trechour(e, O.Fr. tricheor
(Fr. tricheur) ; f. O.Fr. trickier, to trick ; Lat.
tricae, troubles, etc.]
She makith folk compasse and caste
To taken other folkis thyng
Through robberie or myscounting.
And that is she that makith trechonres. —
Chaucer, Rom. of the Rose, 194-7.

TREACY, a form of Tracy (q.v.), esp.'

TREADAWAY (with intrus.-a-) for Treadway,
q.v.

TRlDGO?D°}^--r»^'-dg°'d.q-

TREADWAY 1 (Eng.) prob. descendants of an

TREDWAY ] A.-S,&x.*Thrythwig = Mighty

War or Warrior [O.E. ['rj't', might,

strength -(- wig, war (wiga, warrior]

TREADWELL (Eng.) Dweller at a Spring or

Well by a Path or Road [Dial. E. tread,

a path, track, way ; f. O.E. tredan, to tread

-I- E. well, O.E. w{i)ell(a, a spring]

TREANOR = Trainor, q.v.

TREBBLE 1 (Eng.)i assim. forms of Trennble,
TREBLE J Trimble, Trumble, q.v.

2 descendants of the A.-Sax. Thryth-

&(e)rtW= Mightily Bold [O.E. I'^-ji)', might,

strength -|- b(e)ald, bold]

TREDEGAR (Celt.) Bel. to Tredegar (Monm.)
= Tegyr's Homestead [Wel. tre, home-
stead, etc. : the stem of the pers. name
7V^^»" (with T regularly mutated to D in
the place-name) is Wel. tSg, fair, hand-
some. The name Tegyr occurs in the
'Mabinogion' (Kulhwch ac Olwen).

TREDINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Tredington
(Wore. : 13th cent. Tredinton, Domesday
Tredinctun, 10th cent.Tredinctutt,Tyrdintun,
8th cent. Tredincgtun ; G\ouc. : 13th cent.
Tredintone, Tredigtone), the A.-Sax. *Tred-
inga-tun = the Estate of the Treda
Family [the pers. names Treda and
Tyrda (both 8th - cent. Worcestersh.
names) are evid. easier-pronounced var.
masc. formations on the fem. noun f'ryj',
might, strength -{- -inga, genit. pi. of the
fil. suff. -ing + tun, estate, etc.]

TREE (Eng.) Dweller by a (conspicuous)
Tree [O.E. treow\

(Fr.) Bel. to Trie (Oise, etc.) ; or Dweller

at the Uncultivated or Fallow Land

[O.Fr. trie, "terrain vague, inculte "]

TREEBY (Scand.) Dweller at the Tree-
Farmstead [O.N. <r^ -f by-r]

TREECE for Trees, q.v.

TREES (Eng.) pi. (and genit.) of Tree, q.v.

TREETON (Eng.) Bel. to Treeton (Yorks), the

Domesday 7>-eto«e= the Tree Enclosure

or Farmstead [O.E. treo + ttin]

TREEVES = Treves, q.v.

TREFFRY 1 (Celt.) Bel. to Treffry (Cornwall)

TREFRY I = the Town of the Slope [Corn.

and Wel. tref, a homestead, village, town

+ the Corn. cogn. of Wel. rhiw, a slope]

TREFUSESl (Celt.) Bel. to Trefusis (Corn-
TREFUSIS I wall) [Corn, and Wel. tref, a
homestead, village, etc. : evidence of early
forms is lacking, and the wild shots of
Cornish historians and others at the origin
of the second element are not worth
quoting here ; in ray opinion it represents
the pers. name Huws with the later addit.
of one of the Corn. pi. sufis., -es^

TREGARTHEN 1 (Celt.) Bel. to Tregarthian
TREGARTHIAN J (Cornwall) [Corn, and Wel.

tre, a homestead, etc. -I- the pi. of Corn.

garth, Wel. gardd, a garden (-en, Corn. pi.
suff. ; -ian for yon, pi. suff.]

TREGEAR(E (Celt.) Bel. to Tregear(e (Corn-
wall), 14th cent. Tregaer = the Town of
the Fort [Corn, and Wel. tre, a home-
stead, village, etc. -|- a mutated form of
Corn, car = Wel. caer, a fort, camp]

Tregetor

234

Trent

The corresponding Wei. place-name is
Tregare.

TREGETOR (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Juggler [M.E.

tregeto(u)r; f. O.Fr. tresgeter, to jnsjgle ;

Lat. trans, across -\-jactare, to throw]

TREGOS(E 1 (Celt.) Bel. to Tregos(e, Tre-
TREGOZ(E J goos(e (Cornwall) = the Town
of the Wood [Corn, and Wei. tre, a home-
stead, village, etc. -|- the mutated form,
-gos, of Corn, cos = Wei. coed, a wood]
Henr' de Tregoze. —

Charter Rolls, A.D. 1270-1.

TREHEARN
TREHEARNE
TREHERN
TREHERNE

later forms of Trahaiarn,
etc., q.v.

TRELAWN \ (Celt.) Dweller at the Church-

TRELAWNY/TowN [Corn, and Wei. tre, a

homestead, village, town -f Corn. Ian =

Wei. llan (O.Wel. lann), a church : the -y

i uTrelawny represents the Corn, dim . suff.]

Trelawny, par. Alternon, Cornwall,
form. Trelany, Trelone, is the Domesday
Treloen. The correspondingWelsh place-
name is Trellan ; Welsh has also the
formation llandref, 'church-village' {-dref
mutation oi tref, 'village'.)

TRELOAR (Celt.) Bel. to Treloar (Cornwall)

[Corn, tre, a homestead, etc. -|- lowr,

downward, lower]

TREMAIN I (Celt.)Bel. toTremaine(Corn-

TREMAINE V wall) = the Town of the

TREMAYNE J Stone [Corn, and Wei. tre,

a homestead, village, etc. -f- Corn, men =

Wei. maen, a stone]

"In the name Tremaine we may be sure
that the second syllable is not an adjective
or it would be 'Trevaine' ; so the meaning
is not, as one might think, 'the stone
house' (not a very distinguishing epithet
in Cornwall), but probably 'the house of
the stones', i.e. of some stone circle or
other prehistoric remains." —

Jenner, Handbk. Com. Lang., p. 193.

The corresponding Welsh place-name
is Tremaen or Tremain. In the parish of
Tremain, Cardigan, "is the Llech-yr-Ast
Stone."

TREMBLE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller by an Aspen-
Tree [Fr. tremble, an aspen; Lat. tremul-us]
(Eng.) V. Trimble, Trumble.

TREMEER 1 (Celt.) Bel. to Tremeer or Tre-

TREMEREJraere (Cornwall) = Mer's or

Mear's Home or Estate [Corn, and Wei.

tre, a homestead, etc. : the pers. name is

the Corn. mSr or mear (= Wei. mawr), big]

If this name had signified 'the Big
Estate' the m of mer or mear would have
been mutated to v : cp. Trevean.

TREMELLAN ) (Celt.) Dweller at the Mill

TREMELLEN IEst.ate or Village [Corn.

TREMELLIN J and Wei. tre, a homestead,

village, etc. -|- Corn. mel{r)an = 'We]. melin,

a mill]

TREMENHEERE (Celt.) Bel. to Tremenheere

(Cornwall) = the Menhir-Estate [Corn.

and Wei. tre, a homestead, village, etc. -|-

Corn. men = Wei. maen, a stone + Corn.

heer = Wei. Mr, long]

TREMLETT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at an
Aspen - Grove [Fr. Trem(b)let, f. Lat.
tremiilet-um (mod. Fr. tremblaie), a place
planted with aspens ; Lat. tremul-us
(whence Fr. tremble,a.n aspen) -|- the 'plan-
tation' suS. -et-um1

TRENCH (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Cutting

or Alley [M.E. trench(e ; f. O.Fr. trencher

(mod. trancher), to cut]

And in a trench, forth in the park, gooth
she. — Cha ucer. Cant. Tales, F 392.

TRENCHARD (Fr.-Lat. + Teut.) a nickname

from O.Fr. trencher, 'to cut' [O.Fr. trencher

(mod. trancher), to cut : the (intens.) suff.

-ard in the name is for the O.Teut. hard,

hard, brave]

TRENDELLl (app. Celt.) Bel. to Trendle

TRENDLE / (Soms.), 14th cent. Tretidyl [If

the name is not the O.E. trendel, a circle

(as of stones), the stem is prob.West. Eng.

trend, a current or stream — app. f. Wei.

tren(t, rapid; and the suff. the dim. -et\

TRENDER, v. Trinder.

TRENNER = Trainer, q.v.

TRENT I Dweller by the River Trent, 12th
cent. Trenta, loth cent. A.-Sax. charters
Trenta, Traenta, the Treonta of the A.-Sax,
Chron, a.d. 924, and the Treanta of Bseda.
What the river was called during the
Roman occupation is uncertain. Dr. Brad-
ley's ingenious emendation in 1883 of
Tacitus's ('Annales', xii. 31) "castris
antonam " into "cis trisantonara'', and his
identification of the "Ti-isantona" thus
evolved with the mod. Trent, which seems
to have been accepted by Prof. Rhys
('Celt. Brit.', ed. 1908, p. 80), cannot be
said to be convincing, and are perhaps no
longer viewed with favour by their author.
In my opinion the name is a survival of
the Lat. torrent-em (Ital. torrinte), a torrent,
in allusion to the famous bore or eagre of
the lower part of the river ; the of the
etymon falling out at an early period owing

Trentham

235

Trigge

TRENTHAM
TRENTAM
TRENTUM
[v. Trent

to the stress being on the second syllable:
we may compare the name of the Trenta,
a mountain-stream of the Austrian Alps.

. . . ane of the sherriffes men,
Good William a-Trent was slaine. —
Robin Hood and Guy of Gisborne, 75-6.

2 Bel. to Trent (Dorset) [app. the West.

Eng. trend, a current or stream ; prob. f.

Wei. tren(t, rapid]

Bel. to Trentham (Staffs),
I2th-I3th cent. Trentham = ihe
Enclosure on the R. Trent
, and + O.E. hamm, a piece of
land, enclosure]

TRESHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Tresham (Glouc),
loth cent. Tresham ('Cart. Sax.' no. 1282)
= (prob.) Treowe's Home [the geuit. of
O.E. treowe, tr^we, true + hdm, home,

estate]
Will'us Tresham.—

Charter Rolls, tp. Hen. VI.

TRESILLIAN (Celt.) Bel. to Tresillian (Corn-
wall) =Silian's or Sulian's Homestead
[Corn, and Wei. tre, a homestead : Sultan
represents Julian]
Sihan, Cardigansh., is for St. Suhan
(Julian), as the dedication of the ancient
church shows.

TREVARTHEN (Celt.) Bel. to Trevarthian

(Cornwall) = the High Farmstead [Corn.

trev, a homestead, etc. -|- arth, high-|-the

"individualizing" suff. -an ox-en]

TREVEAR (Celt.) Bel. to Trevear (Cornwall)

= the Big Farm or Estate fCorn. and

Wei. tre, a homestead, etc. -t- Corn, -vear,

mutated form of mear or »!«»"= Wei. mawr

( = Ir. and Gael, mor), great]

TREVELIAN \ (Celt.) Bel. to Trevelyan

TREVELION (Cornwall), the Domesday

TREVELYAN • Trevelien = Elian's Home-

TREVILIAN STEAD [Corn, trev, a home-

TREVILLIONJ stead, etc.]

TREVELLICK j (Celt.) Bel. to Trevillick
TREVILLICK ) (Cornwall) = Meilic's Home-
stead [Corn, and Wei. tre, a homestead,
etc. ; with the M of the pers. name mu-
tated to V : the pers. name Meilic occurs
in the M'dbinogion ('Kulhwch ac Olwen')]

TREVER = Trevor, q.v.

TREVES (Fr.) Bel. to Treves (France).Tr6ves,
Gard, e.g., was Treve a.d. 1227, 1244, and
1262; but 'apud Tr/wMwi' occurs in 1289,
and 'Parochia de Trivio' in 1309. If these
M.Lat. forms were to be trusted, the name
would, of course, mean 'the Three-Roads'
Meet'.

TREVETHICK 1 (Celt.) Bel. to Trevethick
TREVITHICK J (Cornwall) = the Physician's
Dwelling [Corn, and Wei. tre, a home-
stead, etc. -\- the mutated form, -vethic, of
Corn. ?nethic or medhec = Wei. meddyg
(Lat. medic-us), a physician]

T^i;;fTV}v-T.vet(t.

There is a Trevet in co. Meath, anc.
Trefoil, i.e. 'Three Sods or Turves', "so
named . . . because when Art, son of Conn
of the Hundred Battles, was buried there,
three sods were dug over his grave in
honour of the Trinity" (Joyce, 'Irish Local
Names', p. 90) ; but this place has prob.
had no surnominal influence.

TREVINE (Celt.) Bel. to Trevine (Cornwall) =

the Little Farmstead [Corn, tre, farm,

homestead, etc. -|- the mutated form,

-vean, of Corn, bean, Man, little]

TREVISA (Celt.) Bel. to Trevisa (Cornwall) =

the Lower Town [Corn, trev = Wei.

tref, a homestead, hamlet, etc. -f Corn.

isa = Wei. is, lower]

TREVOR (Celt.) i the Irish Treabhar = Pru-
dent, Discreet [O.Ir. trebar]
2 Bel. to Trevor (Cornwall), a form of
Trevear, q.v.
There is also a Trevor in co. Denbigh.

TREW = True, q.v.

TREWEN (Celt.) Bel. to Trewen (Cornwall) =

the White House [Corn, and Wei. tre, a

homestead, etc. + Corn, and Wei. -wen,

mutated form o{ given, fem. oigwyn, white]

There is also a Trewen in co. Cardigan.

TREWHITT (Eng.) Bel. to Trewhitt (Nor-

thumb.), 13th cent. Terwit, Tirwhit [perh.

repr. O.E. tredw-(ge)'wrid, a thicket]

TREWlNNARD(Celt.-t-E.)Bel. toTrewinnard
(Cornwall) = Winnard's or Wynn-
heard's Home or Estate [Corn, and
Wei. tre, a homestead, etc. ; and see

Winnard]

TRICKER for Trigger, q.v.

TRICKETT, the French Triquet, Tricot, etc., f.
the O.N. Trygg, Tryggui (v. Trigg), with
the Fr. dim. suff. -et, -ot.
Thomas Triket. — Hund. Rolls.

TRICKEY =Trigg (q.v.) + the E. dim. suff. -y.

TRIGG l(Scand.) the Norw. Trygg, O.N.
TRIGGE i Tryggui=iheTKiiSTi, True [O.N.

trygg-r]

A Tryggui was, of course, the father of

King Olaf Trygguason (Olafr konungr

Trygguason) of the sagas. The form in

our I3th-i4th cent, records was Trig- and

Trigger

236

\ V. Thrimby.

Tryg. The word is the second element
in the name of the Norse Iting of Dublin,
Sigtryggr, who figures, e.g., in the great
Nial Saga.

TRIGGER (Scand.) represents an O.N.Tryggeir

= Trusty Spear [O.N. trygg-r, trusty,

true + geir-r, a spearj

TRIGGETT = Trigg (q.v.) + the Fr. dim.
suff. -et.

TRIGGS, Trigg's (Son) : v. Trigg.

TRIIVIBELL . (A.-Fr.-Lat.) var. of Tremble,
TRIIV1BLE J q.v.

(Eng.) for Trumble, q.v.

TRIMBEY
TRIIVIBY

TRIIVIIV1ER (Eng.) a descendant of the A.-Sax.
Trumhere = Strong Army [O.E. trum,
strong, firm + here, army : tlie E. verb,
'trim', O.E. trymman, is f. the base truni]

A famous Trumhere was Bishop of the
Mercians in the 7th cent.

There has no doubt been some con-
fusion with the Cornish name Tremeer,
q.v.

TRINDER (Eng.) Wheeler, Wheelwright
[M.E. trinder ; f. O.E. trinde, something
round — tryndel (trendel), a wheel]
Hugh le Trinder.— ifM«</. Rolls.

TRING, V. Thring.

TRINGHAM (A.-Scand.) Bel. to Tringham,
14th cent.Trikingham (Line), O. A.-Scand.
*Tricginga-hdm = the Home of the
Tricg(a Family [the pers. name is f. the
O.N. trygg-r, true + -inga, genit. pi. of
the 'son' suff. -ing -J- ham, home, estate]

TRIPHERD (Eng.) Herdsman [M.E. tripherdie,

triphyrd(e ; M.E. (and Dial. E.) trip, a flock

or herd (of sheep, goats, etc.) + herd(e,

etc., O.E. hierde, a herdsman]

Trip, a small flock of sheep. —

EastNorf. Gloss. (1787).

TRIPP (Teut.) a nickname f. the verb 'trip',

M.E. trippen = Dut. trippen = Dan.-Norw.

trippe, 'to trip', 'skip', etc. : cp. O.N. trippi,

'a young colt'.

Gilbert Tn^.—Hund. Rolls:

TRIPPER i

TRIPPIER U?"e) I = Tripp (q.v.) + the

TRIP(P)YERj'^-^g*="'-^"*^-^'--

2 for Tripherd, q.v.

(A.-Fr.) the common FTenchTrip{p)ier=

I Tripe-Dealer [Fr. tripier, f. tripe, tripe

(of Celt, orig.) -f the agent, suff. -jVr]

Tripier. — Celui qui vend en detail les

issues des animaux tuds k la boucherie. —

Littr6, Diet., ed. 1889.

Triston

2 Velveteen Maker or Dealer [f. Fr.
tripe, imitation velvet, velveteen]
Wallerand Colbert, trippier de velours
( 1 5 70) . — Godef roy .

TRIPPET(T = Tripp (q.v.)4- the A.-Fr. dim.
suff. -et.
Johannes Trypet. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379

TRIST (A.-Fr.) Dweller at a Tryst or Hunt-
ing-Station [M.E. O.Fr. triste, L.Lat.

tristd]

Lo, hold thee at thy triste clos, and I

Shal wel the deer unto thy bowe drive. —

Chaucer, Trail. & Cris-, ii. 1534-5.

The French triste, l^at. trist-is, 'sad', does

not seem to have given rise to a pers.

name — at any rate to one that has survived.

TRISTAN (Celt.) Noisy One, Blusterer

[Wel. trystan (Pughe) ; f. (with suff. -an)

Wel. trystio, to make a noise, bluster ;

trwst, a noise (cp. trwstan, clumsy]

Drystan mab Tallwch. —

' Breuddwyd Rhonabwy ' (Dream of
Rhonabwy) ; Mabinogion, etc.

Trystan the son of Tallwch. —

do. do. tr. Guest.

The mod. Welsh version (Edwards) has
(with mutation) —

... a [and] Thrystan fab Tallwch.

Parmi les noms propres pictes plus ou
moins bien conserves que Ton peut citer,
d'apres la Chronica Pictorum, il y en a
dont I'origine celtique est incontestable.
Ainsi le roi, Drust, fils d'Erp, aurait €\.€
contemporain de saint Patrice ; c'est de
Drust que derive Drystan, nora d'un
gallois fameux dans le cycle de la Table
ronde et plus connu en France sous le
nom de Tristan. —

de Jubainville, Les Celtes (1904), p. 29.

Wagner's- 'Tristan und Isolde' was
based on Gottfried of Strassburg's un-
finished epic (c. 1210) so entitled. Gott-
fried, who adapted Thomas of Brittany,
gives triste, 'sorrowful', as the origin of the
name Tristan —

so nenne wir in Tristan.

nu heizet triste triure [mod.Ger. trauer,

sorrow] . . .
von triste Tristan was sin name. —

11. 1996-2001.
Cp. Tristram.

TRISTON I for Tristan, q.v.

2 for the Corn. Trestean, Tresteen(e

(i7fh cent.)- = (prob.) the Stained or

Coloured House [Corn, and Wel. tre, a

homestead, farm, etc.-|-the Corn. cogn. of

Wel. ystaen, stained, coloured]

Tristram

237

Trousdale

It is tempting to see the Corn, slean =
Wei. ysiaen, tin, in ttiis name.

TRISTRAM (Celt.) lias been confused with
Tristan (q.v.); but it is, of course, a diffe'.r-
ent name. We get the cl ue to the meaning
from t-he medJEeval romancers, e.g. —

And by cause I shal dye of the byrthe
of the [thee], I charge the [thee] gentyl-
woman that thou pray my lord kynge
Melyodas that whan he is crystned lete
calle hym Trystratn, that is as moch to
saye as a sorouful byrthe. —

Malory, Morte d Arthur, Will. i.
And we know from Sir Tristram's tem-
porary inversion of his name toTramtrist
(VIII. viii.) that the second element is
-tram [Wei. (and Corn.) trist (Lat. tristis),
sad, sorrowful + (app.) the early form,
*tram, of Wei. traf, a strain, labour, travail
(cp. Wei. Tafwys=Thames ; Rhufeinwr=
Roman; Addaf = Adam]
Soe did S>- Tristerant, y' gentle kt,
To the forrest fresh and gay. —
'Marr. of Sir Gawaine': Percy's Reliques.
Tristram de Haule. — Hund. Rolls.
Tristram was the spelling used by Marie
de France (13th cent.) in her 'Cheverefoil.'

TRISTRAN for Tristram, q.v.

Tristran is the form in an Old-French
poem printed in Fr. Michel's 'Tristan',
(1835), e.g.— . . . le pur Tristran.

TRITTON for Treeton, q.v.

TRIVET(T (A.-Fr.-Teut.)theA.-French Trivet,
a labio-dentalized form of Trippet(t, q.v.
Nicholas Trivet. —

Soms. Subs.-Roll, A.D. 1327.
John Tryvet. —

MSS. Dn. & Ch. Wells, A.D. 1384.

T^§^TE}=^-",q.v.

TRODD 1 (Eng.) Dweller at a Path or Track
TRODE ; [O.E. trod]

TROGGER, a var. of Trigger (q.v.) with the
form of the first element influenced by
Dan.-Norw. tro, 'trusty', 'true'.

TROLLOP(E \ (A. - Fr. - Teut.) Loiterer ;

TROLLIP / Slattern [Dial. E. and Scot.

trollop, i. troll, Fr. trdler, to stroll; Ger.

trollen, to roll, loll : -op prob. represents

the adv. up]

In the Lane, dialect (and one or two

others) the word has taken a final -s —

Aw should as soon think o' gettin' wed
to a co'n boggart as sich a trollops. —

Waugh, Sneck-Bant, p. 91.

A 'William de Trollop' occurs in a

I4th-cent. Durham record. The 'de' here

is prob. a mistake ; if it were not, the
second element would represent hope (v.
Hope), 'a hollow', and the first doubtless
be the O.N. troll, 'an elf, 'ogre', 'giant'.

TROOD, a var. of Trode, Trodd, q.v.

TROOP ) (A.-Scand.) metath. var. ofThorp(e,
TROPE V q.v. (Mod. Scand. torp, a farm, also
TROUP J occurs in place-names as -trup).
Cp. Throop.

TROSTON (A.-Scand.) Bel. to Troston (Suff.),
the A.-Sax. Trosting\a\tiin = the Estate
OF THE Trost(a Family [the pers. name
is a form of O.N. traiist-r, trusty, firm ; f.
traust(MoA. Scand. trost, comfort), help,
protection -f -inga, genit. pi. of the fil.
suff. -ing + tun, estate, etc.]

TROT(T)MAN i=Trot(t)'s Man (-Servant):
V. Trott.

2 = Trott (q.v.) -(- man ( = Mod. Ger.
Trautmann, O.Ger. Trutman).

TROTT (Teut.) the 14th cent. Trot(e, Trut,
Trout, etc., 13th cent. Trot{e, Troyt, i2lh
cent. Trote, Troite, Truite, A.-Sax. Trot(a
(not common) = Beloved, Dear; Friend
[Forms of the M.H.Ger. and O.H.Qer.
trdt (subs, and adj.), dear, beloved, friend
(Mod. Ger. traut) : cp. M.H.Ger. trohtin, a
var. of truhtin, lord, prince. The compds.
formed with triit- in M. H. Ger. are

numerous]
Trottuc {-uc dim. suff.T occurs as the
name of a swineherd of Ecgwine, bishop
of Worcester, d. a.d. 717/8.

TROTTER (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Pedestrian, Run-

ner,Messenger [O.Fr. trotier (Fr. trotteur);

of Teut. orig.]

Trottier is a fairly common French

surname.

An p.Ger. Trothari, 'Beloved Army', is
recorded ; but a corresponding A.-Sax.
name does not seem to occur.

TROUGHTON (Eng.) Bel. to Troughton (N.

Lane), form. Troghton = the Farmstead

in the Trough or Hollow [M.E. trogh,

O.E. troh, trog, a trough, basin, hollow -f-

M.E. -ton, tun, O.E. tiin, farm, etc.]

TROUNCE, v. Trowns.

TROUNSON, V. Trownson.

TROUSDALE (Eng.) Bel. to Troutsdale (N.
Yorks), the Domesday Truzstal (z = ts) =
TRtiT(E)'s Stall [for the pers. name see
under Trott, and -|- O.E. st(e)all, a place,
stead, cattle-stall]
On analogy, the Domesday form here
is to be trusted.

Trout

238

Trumble

TROUT (Teut.) a var. ot Trott, q.v.

(occ.) (A.-Lat.) a nickname from the fish
so called [O.E. triilit, Lat. tructd]
Thomas Trout. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.
The surname Bucktrout occurs.

TROUTBECK (N.Eng. or Scand.) Bel. to
Troutbeck (Westmd. : 13th cent.Troutbek ;
Cumbd. : 14th cent. Trutbek) = the Trout-
Brook [O.E. triiht (the Scandinavians
may have borrowed this word, but it does
not seem to be recorded), Lat. tructa, a
trout+O.N.E. bec{c=OM.bekk-r, abrook]

TROVER (A.-Fr.-Lat.), the A.-Fr. trovur, O.Fr.

troveor (Fr. trouv^re) = a Troubadour

[conn, with Fr. trouver, to find, invent]

TROW (Eng.) Dweller at i a Trough or
Hollow [O.E. trog\

2 a Tree [O.E. tredw, a tree ; (also fig.)

a cross]
William atte Trowe. — Hund. Rolls.

1 se it, by ensaunple,

In somer tyme on trowes :
Ther some bowes ben leved [are
leaved]. — Piers Plowman, 9798-9800.

TROWBRIDGE (Eng.) Bel. to Trowbridge
CWilts), 14th cent.Trowbmgge, Trowbrigge,
13th cent. Troubrigge = the Tree, i.e.
Wood Bridge [O.E. treiw + brycg]

The wooden bridge has long been re-
placed by a stone structure.

TROWELL 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Trowell (Notts :
TROWL(E I 13th cent. Trouwell, Domesday
Trowalle), Trowle (Wilts : 14th cent.
Trowell) = i the Spring in the Hollow
2 the Spring by the Tree [v. under
Trow, and-f-O.E. w(i)ella, a well, spring]

As the Notts place is situated " at the
foot of a declivity" meaning ' prob. applies
to it.

TROWER for Thrower, q.v.

TROWLER (Teut.) Troller, Trundler [f.

M.E. troUen, to roll ; through Fr. (mod.

Fr. trdler, to drag about) from Teut. : cp.

Ger. trollen, to roll, troll]

TROWN (Scand.) i the 14th - cent. Yorks

Troune seems to represent the O.N.

JpriiSinn, Strong, Mighty [O.N. Jj/-mS =

O.E. J;rji«, strength, might]

2 the i4th-cent. Yorks Trogne, Trogune,
is app. f. an O.N. *Thru'Sgunn-r= Mighty
(in) War [O.N. ]>ru'S, might -|- gunn-r,

war, battle]

TROWNS, Trown's (Son) \„t- „«..,„
TROWNSON, Trown's Son ; ^- ' '^°^"-

TROWSDALE"! „ -r„„,.„j„i»
TROWSDALLJ v- Trousdale.

TROWSE (Eng.) Bel. to Trowse (Norf.), 14th
cent. Trowes, Trows [pl.of trow : v. Trow]

TROY (Fr.-Lat.-Celt.)Bel. toTroyes (France),
anc. Augusta Trecorum, or Tricas(s)i,
the chief city of the Gaul, tribe the
Tricassii [prob. conn, with O.Ir. tri, by,
through, and (as the descriptive pers.
element) O.Ir. cas, curly hair (Gael, cas,

to curl]

Jacobus de Troys alias Troye. —

Hund. Rolls.
Our troy-weight is derived from this
place.

TRUBRIDGE = Trowbridge, q.v.

TRUE (Eng.) Faithful, Loyal [M.E. tre{o)we,
etc., O.E. tredwe}

TRUEBODY (Eng.), the i7th-cent. Truboddy,

I3th-I4th cent. Treubodie [v. under True,

and -I- O.E. bodig^

TRUECOCK (Eng.) = True (q.v.) -|- the E.
pet suft. -cock.

TRUEFELLOW (Eng.) = True (q.v.), and see
under Fellow(e)s.

TRUEFIT(T (Eng.) The second element is
doubtless for 'foot' [cp. Scot, fit, foot], and
the first elem. is more likely to represent
the O.E. tredw, 'wood', than O.E. treowe,
'faithful' ; the whole name therefore being
equiv. to the present-day Timber-Toes.
This is confirmed by the O.N. trS-f6t-r,
'wooden foot or leg. '

TRUELOVE (Eng.) Faithful Love [M.E.
trewe-love, O.E. (poet.) tre6w-lufu\

In the 14th cent, this was the name of
an aromatic herb (a 'breath-sweetener') —

Under his tonge a trewe-love he beer
[bare]. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 3692.

In the same (Miller's) Tale (A 3714-15)
Chaucer has —
Alias, quod Absolon, and weylawey,
That trewe love was ever so yvel biset I

TRUMAr}=-^-«(^-) + E-"-

Thomas Treweman. — Hund. Rolls.

TRulDAfE^}^^'-°fT''°"«dale,q.v.

TRUMBLE (Eng.) I a descendant oftheA.-Sax.

Trumbald = Strongly Bold [O.E. trum,

strong, firm -|- b(e)ald, bold]

2 a metathetic form of Turnbull, q.v.

Trum(in

239

Tuder

TRUM(WI (Eiig.) a descendant of a shortened

form of one of the A.-Sax. Trum- names

{Trumbald,Trumberht,Trummine,eXc)\0.'E..

trum, strong, firm]

The Welsh trum, 'a ridge', 'summit', has
app. had no surnominal influence.

TRUMP = Tr'unn(m (q.v.) with intrus. -p.

TRUMPER (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Trumpeter [IVl.E.
trumpe, trompe, a trumpet + the agent,
suff. -er ; f. l'"r. trompe, O.H.Ger. trumpa, a

trumpet]
Walter Tromper. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

TRUMPINGTON (Eug.) Bel. to Trumpington
(Camb.), 14th ceat.Trumpyngto(u)n, A.-Sax.
*Truminga-tun = the Estate of the
Trum(a Family [see under Trum(m,
and + -inga, genit. pi. of the 'son' suff.
-ing + tiin, estate, etc.]

At Trumpyngtoun, nat fer fro Cante-
brigge. —
Chaucer, Cant.Tales ('RevesTale'),A 3921.

TRUNDELLl late forms ofTpendell, Tren-
TRUNDLE Idle, q.v.

"The Norfolk Trundles are clearly de-
scended from the Trendle family in that
county, found there so early as 1360". —
Bardsley, p. 767.

TRUSCOTT (Eng.) Early forms are lacking :

the name may represent 'Trut's Cottage'

[see under Trott, and + O.E. coi\

TRUSTRAM 1 through earlier Trystram for
TRUSTRUM J Tristram, q.v.

TRY (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Try or Trie (several in
France). [see under Tree (Fr.]

Gaston de Try. — Paris Directory.

TRYMBY, v. Trimby.

TUBB (Teut.) the I4th-cent. (Yorks) Tubb,
Domesday 7mJ«, A.-Sax. (loth cent.)Tubba,
O. Scand. Tubba = O.Ger. Tubo [app.
unvoiced forms refble. to O.N. dubba
(from which Late O.E. dubbian is bor-
rowed), to equip, arm, dub ; cogn. with
L.Ger. dubben, to strike]

Tubba is recorded as the name of a
Danish chief who was wounded at the
sack of the monastery at Medeshamstede
(Peterborough) c. 870.

(Heb.) a dim form of Tobias, q.v.
TUBBS, Tube's (Sou) : v. Tubb.
TUBBY = Tubb (q.v.) + the E. dim. suff. -y.

TUBMAN I Cooper, Tub-maker [L.Ger.

tubhe, a tub]
2 TuB(B)'s IVIan (-Servant) : v. Tubb.

TUCK (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Tucca, Tuca [prob.
f. the stem of O.E. tiician, to adorn]
Peter Tnck.— Close Rolls, A.D. 1278.
(A.-Scand.) for Took(e, Toke, q.v.

TUCKER, V. Tooker.

TUCKERMAN i =Tuoker, Tooker (q.v.) +
E. man.
2 (the) Tucker's Man (-Servant).

TUCKETT I = Tuck (q.v.) + the A.-Fr. dim.
suff. -et.

Willelmus Tultet. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379-

2 the Fr. Touguet = Corner, Angle,

End [O.Fr. tou(c)quet]

The South. Fr. tuguet, 'an owl', has

prob. had no surnominal influence in this

country.

TUCKEY \ = Tuck (q.v.) -|- the E. dim.
TUCKIE J suff. -ey, -ie.
Cp. Tookey.

TUCKMANianequiv.ofTucker,Tooker, q.v.

2 Tuck's Man (-Servant) : v. Tuck.
TUCKSON, Tuck's Son : v. Tuck.

TUCKWELL (Eng.) Dweller at a Draw-Well
[f. M.E. tukken. Low Ger. tukken, to pull
up, to draw -f M.E. welle, O.E. w(i)ella']

Cp. Tugwell.

TUDBALL, a corrupt form of Theod{o)bald : v.
Theobald.

TUDDENHAM T (Eng.)' Bel. to Tuddenham

TU DN AM J (Suff. : A.D. 854 Tuddan-hdm ;

Norf.) = Tudda's Home or Estate [the

pers. name Tudda, genit. Tuddan-, is a pet

form of one of the A.-Sax. Thedd- names —

O.E. \e6d = O.Sax. thiod = O.N. JxrfS =

Goth, ^iuda, nation, people : — -j- O.E.

ham, home, etc.]

Joh'es de Tudenham. —

Charter Rolls, A.D. 1284-5.

TUDHOPE (Eng.) Bel. to Tudhope (early
forms lacking) = (prob.)TuD(D) a's Hope or
Valley [v. under Tuddenham and Hope]

TUDOR \ (Wel.-Gr.) the Wel. Tewdwr, a form
TUDER J of Theodore, q.v.

Ac y bu uarw Dyfynwal uab Tewdwr
(And there died Dyvynwal, son of
Tudor). —
Brut y Tywysogion {Chron. ofthe\Welsh'\
Princes), A.D. 760.

Tudworth

240

Tummons

Ac yno y Has Tewdwr uab Einawn.
(And there Tudor, son of Einon, was
slain).— do. do. A.D. 993.

David ap Rese ap Tudder al' Tudor. —
Cal. Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1322-3.

" Tewdwr : Tlieodore, Tudor". —
'Enwau Personau': Anmyl-Spurrell Diet.
(ed. 1915), p. 333.

TUDWORTH (Eng.) Bel. toTudworth (Yorks),

the Domesday Tudeuuorde = Tud(d)a's

Farm or Estate [y. under Tuddenhara,

and + O.E. wor^, farm, estate]

TUER = Tewer, q.v.

TUFF (Eng.) i the A.-Sax. Tuf, Tuffa, a nick-
name [f. O.E. ge)\uf, bushy, tufty — I'm/,
a tuft ; whence Dial. E. tuff, a tuft, lock]

2 Tough [O.E. tdh^

TUFFILL 1(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Touville

TUFFIELD I (Eure, Normandy), ancTyovilla,

Tyouvilla [Lat, villa, farm, estate : tlie

first element is doubtful]

TUFFIN,i6th cent.ri!i^«, a form of Tiffin, q.v.

TUF(F)NELL (Eng.) Bel. to Tuf(f)nell, early

forms of which are lacking ; but analogy

points to an A.-Sax. *Tuffan-heall =

'Tuffa's Hall' \Tuffan-, genit. of TufTa

(v. Tuff) + O.E. heall, a hall]

TUFFS, Tuff's (Son) : v. Tuff.

TUFFT 1 (A.-Scand.) var. of Toft, q.v. [O.N.
TUFT J tupt, topt (p as/), a homestead]

TUG MAN for Tuokman, q.v.

TUGWELL (Eng.) Dweller at a Draw- Well
[f. M.E. toggen, conn, with Low Ger. tukken,
to pull or draw up -|- M.E. welle, O.E.

w(i)elld\
Cp. Tuckwell.

TUITE (A.-Fr.-Scand.) Bel. to Tuit or Thuit
(Normandy) = the Thwaite or Clearing
[O.N. ^ueit, whence Norw. tveit, a clearing]

" Sir Richard de Tuite, Knt., accom-
panied Strongbowto Ireland in 11 72, and
d. 121 1, leaving two sons, Sir Richard de
Tuite, Knt., surnamed the Black, and
Maurice Tuite, ancestor of Tuite of
Sonagh." —

Burke's Peerage, etc., s.n. 'Tuite'.

Cocheris, in his 'Noras de Lieu' (p. S8),
erroneously attributes the T(h)uit names
in Normandy (e.g. Thuit Anger and
Thuit Signol in the Dept. Eure, and
Braquetuit and Carquetuit in tlie Dept.
Seine-lnf6rieure) to the Scand. toft.

TUKE, a Scot, form of Tooke, q.v.

TULETT, v. Tullett.

TULK (Scand.) Interpreter, Spokesman

[O.N. tulk-r ; whence mod.5cand. tolk, an

interpreter, translator]

But in the Middle-English period tulke,
or tolke, somewhat vaguely denoted a
'soldier', "knight', 'personage'.

TULL (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a French form of the Lat.
Tiill-us, Tulli-us [orig. obscure]

TULLETT = Tull (q.v.)-|-the Fr. dim. suff. -et.
In addition to Tullet, we find in France
the forms Tullat, Tullot, and Tullon.

TULLEY, V. Tully.

TULLIS, Tully's (Son) : v. Tully.

TULLOCH 1 (Celt.) Bel. to Tulloch (Scotl.) ;
TULLOCK J or Dweller at a Hillock [Gael.

(and Ir.) tulacK]

TULLY (A.-Fr.-Lat. -|- Celt.) Bel. to Tully
(Somme) = TuLLius's Estate [M.Lat.
*TuUiacum:dc-um, the Lat.-Gaul. possess.

suff.]

(Celt.) I the Ir. Tuile—MacTuile, O'Tuile
[cp. Ir. tuile, a flood]

2 the Ir. Tdithliagh — O'Tdithligh [Ir.
tdithlia{i)gh, a surgeon]

The various Irish places called Tully
are from Ir. tulach, 'a hillock': cp.Tulloch.

TUMBER (Eng.) Tumbler, Dancer [M.E.
tumber{e, O.E. tumherel

TUMELTY \ (Celt.) Big, Bulky \lr.Tomaltach

TUMILTY J— filial form Mac Tomaltaigh,

nepotic form O' Tomaltaigh \ tomalt, size,

bulk -t- the pers. sufi. -acK\

Tomaltach, tighearna Ciauachta Glinne
Geimhin, d6cc.

{Tumilty, lord of Cianachta, etc., died). —
Annals of the Four Masters, A.D. 752.

According to Concannon.'Mion-Chomh-
rddh', p. 129, 'Thomas' has been used to
replace the Ir. 'Tomaltach'.

TUMMON for Tom-Man, i.e. Tom's Man
(-Servant) : v. Tom, Thomas.

In the Yorks Poll-Tax, a.d. 1379, we
find Tomman, Thomeman, and Thomasman
as surnames.

TUMMOND = Tummon (q.v.) with the com-
mon post -« excresc. -d.

TUMMONS, Tummon's (Son) : v. Tummon.

Tumson

241

Turn bull

TUMSON, a form of Thomson, q.v.
Robert Tumson. —

Lane. Inq. (1915), A.D. 1346.

TUNBRIDGE (Celt. + Eng.) Bel. to Tunbridge
orTonbridge (Kent), 14th cent.Tonebrigge,
13th cent. Tonebrugge, nth cent. Tonhrucg
= the Bridgk over the R. Tun or Ton(e
ip.E. brycg: for the river-name cp. the
Somersetshire Tone, earlier Tan ; prob.
conn, with O.Ir. tdn, water]
Prior de Tonebrigge. —

Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1325-6.

TUNDER tor Tunner, q.v.

TUNKS = Tonks, q.v.

TUNLEY, V. Townley.

More specifically Tunley, Glouc.

TUNNARD, V. Townherd.

TUNNELER (A.-Fr.) the M.E. toneler, toneleur,
Fr. tonnelier = a Cooper, Cask-IMaker
[f. O.Fr. tonnel (mod. Fr. tonneau), a tun or
cask : the stem is prob. ult. of Celt, orig.]

TUNNER (Eng.) Cooper, Cask-Maker [M.E.

O.E. tunne (prob. ult. Celt.), a cask + the

agent, suff. -ere]

TUNNICLIFF(E ] Bel. to Tunniclifif (Roch-
TUNNECLIFF(E Idale), 17th cent. Tunnicliffe,
TUNNACLIFF(E J earlier Tunaleclif [M.E.
clifife, O.E. clif, a cliff: the first element
is prob. for tunnel, O.Fr. tonnelle — the
whole name therefore denoting a cliff, or
rock, into which a tunnel had been driven]

TUN NOCK (Eng.) 13th- 14th cent. Tunnok,

1 2th cent. Tunnoc, repr.. the A.-Sax. pers.

name Tun(n)a with the dim. suff. -oc [f.

O.E. tun, va., garden, manor, world]

TUNSTALL 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Tunstall (a com-

TUNSTELL !■ mon Eng. place-name), A.-Sax.

TUNSTILL J r«'«jteaH= the Farm or Manor

Stabi,e(s [O.E. tun, farm, etc. -|- steall,

stall, stable]

TUNSTEAD (Eng.) Bel. to Tunstead (a

fairly common Eng. place-name) = the

Village [O.E. ttinstede]

TUN WRIGHT (Eng.) Cask-Maker; Cooper

[M.E. tunwryght ; O.E. tunne, a cask -|-

wyrhta, a maker]

TUP ) (Scand.) a nickname from, the Ram

TUPP([Dial. E. tup, a ram; prob. Scand.

tupp, a cock, with transferred meaning]

TUPHERD (Scand.) Tup-Herd [v. under
Tup, and + O.N. hir^i-r, a herdsman]
Willelmus Tuphird. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

I for Turberville, q.v.

TUPMAN = Tup (q.v.) -|- E. man; more
specif., a Breeder of Tups or Rams.

Tupman, sb., a breeder of, or dealer in,
tups.— MiW. Agric. Gloss. (1790).

TUPPER = Tup(p (q.v.) -|- the E. agent, suff.
-er: equiv. to Tupman, q.v.

Cp. Buller, Calver.

TURBEFIELD
TURBYFIELD

TURBERVILLE IfFr.) Bel. to Turberville,
TURBURVILLE / 13th - cent. Hundred and
other Rolls Turbervile, Turbervill ; doubt-
less an obscure spot in N. France =
Turbert's Estate [the French pers.
name Turbert = Torbert (qv) ; Lat.
villa, estate, farm]

TURBETT ^

TURBITT

TURBOT(T forms of Torbet(t, etc., Tor-

TURBAT(t bert, q.v.

TURBUT

TURBERT ■'

Turbert, Turbot, Turbut, occur in our
I2th-i3th cent. Rolls.

TURCK 1 (A. - Fr. - Tatar) Turk [Fr. Turc;
TURK /said to be ult. f. a Tatar word
meaning 'brave']
William le Turc— Hund. Rolls.
(Celt.) Boar [Wei. twrch = Gael, and
Ir. tore (genit. tuirc), a boar]
Twrch mab Ann was. — ' Kulhwch ac
Olwen' ; Mabinogion.
A rare A.-Sax. pers. name Turea, seen
, in the 8th-cent. Turcandenu (Turkdean,
Glouc.) and Tureanwyll ('Cart. Sax', no.
165), has prob. had no surnominal in-
fluence.

TURKINGTON = Torkington, q.v.

TURLE;}forTeaHe, q.v.

TURLEY = Torley, q.v.

TURLOUGH = Tonlogh, q.v.

TURNBULL (Eng.) a nickname of courage

and strength, Turn-the-Bull [f. O.E.

turnian, to turn -)- 6m;-]

The well - known incident of King

Robert Bruce being saved from the fury

of one of the white bulls in Stirling Park is

recounted in Bellenden's (i6th cent.)

translation of Boece's 'Scotorum Hist.' —

It is said. King Robert Bruce, eftir his

coroiiatioun, went to ane hunting in this

wod, havaud bot ane quiet cumpanie

Turnell

242

Turton

with him, and eschapit narowlie of his
leif; for ane of the bullis, eftir that he wes
sair woundit be the huntaris, ruschit feirs-
lie on the king, howbeit he had na
wapinnis in his hand to debait himself
fra the dint thairof. Incontinent, ane
man of gret spreit, quhilk wes standing
neir by, lap afore the king ; and nocht
allanerlie [only] kest the bull be manifest
force to the erd, bot held him, quhill the
remanent huntaris slew him with thair
wappinnis. This man that rescoursit
the king wes callit Turnbull, and wes
rewardit with riche landis be the king.

Cp. the French Tournebauf [Fr. bceuf
(Lat. bos, bovis), an ox, bull].

France has also Toumebulle —
Les Tournebulle de Champagne portent
d'azur k trois tetes de buffle. —

Larchey, p. 466.

TURNELL (Eng.) As this is specifically a
Yorks surname the connexion is evidently
with the place-name Thornhill (Domesday
Tamil) in that county: v. Thornhill.
There do not seem to be any grounds for
association with the Fr. tournelle, 'a small
tower'.

TURNER I (A.-Fr.-Lat. & Eng.) Lathe-

TURNOR \ Worker [M.E. t{o)urnour, t(o)ur-

TURNOURJ KM>-, t{o)urner; f. M.E. t(o)urnen,

Fr. tourner (Lat. tomare), to turn ; and

O.E. turnian\

Geoffrey le Turner. —

Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274
Aylbricht le Turnur. — do.
Will'us Tumour. —

Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1421-2.
Tourneur and Letourneur (rarely Le
Tourneur) are common surnames in
France.

(Fr. - Lat.) i One from Le Tourneur
(Calvados, Norm.), a.d. 1155 Tourneor =
(prob.) (the Place of) the Turner [Fr.
tourneur, a turner]
2 for the French Tournier = Tourna-
ment-Champion [Fr. tournier, 'champion
de tournois, homme qui dgfie volontiers
plusieurs combattants en champ clos' ;
f. tourner, O.Fr. torner, Lat. tomare, to turn]

TURNEY 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. toTournai, Tour-

TURNAY / nay, or Tourny (all in Normandy),

M.Lat. Torneium, Turneium = Tornus'

or Turnus' Estate {-eium, possess, suff.]

The forms in our i3th-i4thcent. records

were de Turney, Turnai, Torney.

TURNHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Turnham : (i) Turn-
ham (Hall), Yorks ; (2) Turnham (Green),
M'sex [the first element represents O.E.

^yrne, a thorn-tree: the second may be

either O.E. ham(m, an enclosure, piece of

land, or for the O.E. dat. pi. suff. -uni\

The Yorks place was Turneham in the
Poll-Tax A.D. 1379, and Thurnham and
Turnham in the Charter-Rolls A.D. 1 199-
1200. Thurnham, N.Lancs, Tiernum in
Domesday-Bk., was consistently Thirnum
or Thymum in the 13th cent., pointing to
the dat. pi. suff. -um. Thornham, Kent,
was Turneham in Domesday-Bk.

TURNOR 1

turnour}^"""'^^'^'^"'""^''-

TURNPENNY] (Eng.) a nickname for an
TURNPENY J adept at what is now called
'Pitch and Toss,' or some similar coin-
turning game [f. M.E. t{p)mnen, O.E.
turnian -f- ^.^.peny, O.TS., peni{n)g\

Nicholas Turnepeny. — Hund. Rolls.

TURPI N (A.-Fr.-Scand.) the French Turpin, a

descendant of the O.Scand. Thorfinn-r =

Thor-Finn [v. under Thor, and + the

ethnic name Finn-r]

Turfi n . — Domesday-Bk.

John Turpin. — Hund. Rolls.

The eighth-cent, archbishop of Rheims
of this name figures in the 'Chanson de
Roland' (1. 170) —

Li due Oger et 1' arcevesque Turpin.

In the Pfaflen Konrad's twelfth-cent.
German version of the 'Chanson' he is
called "ther biscof Turpin."

'His name' (quoth he), 'if that thou
list to learne.

Is hight Sir Turpine, one of mickle
might'. —

Spenser, The Faerie Queene, VI. m. xl.

TURRELL \ (A.-Fr.-Scand.) theFrench Turrel,
TIRRELL J a descendant of the O.Scand.

Thor(u)ald-r: v. under Thorald, and cp.

Tirrell.

TURTILLl (A.-Lat.) a nickname from the

TURTLE / Turtle-Dove [M.E. turtel, turrtle,

O.E. turtle, f., turtla, m.; Lat. turtur]

And oxe, and cullfre [O.E. culfre, dove],
and turrtle. — Ormulum, 1. 989.

Soul [sole] as the turtel that hath lost
hire make [mate]. —

Chaucer, Cant. Tales, E 2080.
(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Crooked [Fr. ToMrfe/ (later
Tourteau), a dim. f. Lat. tort-us, crooked]

TURTON (Eng.) Bel. to Turton (Lanes), 13th-
14th cent. Turton = the Tower-Dwel-
ling [M.E. tur, Late O.E. tHr (Lai. turris),
a tower + M.E. -ton, O.E. tiin, residence,

estate]

Turvey

243

Twining

Turton Tower is one of the most in-
teresting structures in tlie neighbourhood
of Bolton. — Lane. Legends, p. 59.

TURVEY "I (Eng.) Bel. to Turvey (Beds) [prob.

TURVY J O.E. turf-haga, grassy enclosure
(with lost A-) ; but if the Domesday forms
Torvei and Torveie, and a later Turfeye,
were to be trusted, the second element
would be O.E. i(e)g, island, riparian land]

TUSHINGHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Tushingham
(Chesh.), A.D. 1303-4 Tussingham, A.-Sax.
*Tuscinga-hdm = the Home of the
Tusc(a Family [the pers. name is app.
a nickname from O.E. tiisc, a tusk (dial.,
and in Shak., 'tush'), large tooth -|- -inga,
genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing -t- ham, home,

estate]

TUSLER (Eng.) a var. of Teasler, q.v. ; and
cp. Towzer.

TUSON = Tewson, q.v.

TUSTIN (A.-Fr.-Scand.) the French Toustin,
Toustain, for earlier Turstein, O.N. Thor-
stein{n: v. under Thunstan.

Turstin-us. — Domesday-Bk.
Toutainville, Eure, Normandy, earlier
Toustainville, was anc. Turstini villa.

= Tooth ill, q.v.

TUTHILL

TUTILL

TUTTLE

TUTT \ (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name Tut{a,

TUTTE J TM(a [prob. conn, with the O.Teut.

Thiuda-,Thiot{a- names : see underTheed]

TUXBURY for Tewkesbury, q.v.

TUXFORD (Scand. -f Eng.) Bel. to Tuxford
(Notts), i3th-i4th cent.r«fe5/orrf=TuKE's
or Toke's Ford [v. Toke, and-l-O.E./ord]

TWADDELL \ corrupt forms of Tweed(d)ale,
TWADDLE

. 1 corn
/q.v.

TWAITS = Thwaits, q.v.

TWAMLEY \^ Twemlow
TWAMLOW;^' 'wemiow.

TWEDDELL 1 (i6th cent.Tweddel) forTweed-
TWEDDLE J(d)ale, q.v.

TWEED (Celt.) Dweller by the R. Tweed,

14th cent. Twede, i2th cent. Tweda, 8th

cent. Tuidus [prob. conn, with O.Wel.

tyWiad, a spreading ; tyw, that which

overspreads]

TWEEDALE ] (Celt, f Eng.) Dweller in the
TWEEDDALE ITweed- Valley [v. Tweed,
TWEEDLE J and -f- O.E. diell

TWEEDIE 1 (17th cent. Twedy) shortened
TWEEDY I forms of Tweed(d)ale, q.v.

TWEEDLEY (Celt. -|- Eng.) Dweller at the
Tweed-Lea [v. Tweed, and -t- O.E. ledK]

TWELL, an aphseretic form of Attewell, q.v.

TWELLS, genit. of Twell.

TWELVES, an imit. form of Twells.

TWEMLOW (Eng.) Bel. toTwemlow (Chesh.),

13th - 14th cent. Twemlowe = (At) the

Double Hill or Tumulus [O.E. twdm,.

dat. of twegeii, m., two -|- hloewe, dat. of

hl(kw, m., a mound, etc.]

TWENTYMAN for Twinterman, q.v.

TWICEADAY
TWICEDAY

i V. Twis(a)day.

TWICHELL, v. Twitchell.

TWICKENHAM (Eng). Bel. to Twickenham
(M'sex), loth cent. Tuuiccanham, Tuiccan-
ham, A.D. 790 (or 793) Tuicanhamme, A.D.
704 Tuican horn (all Latin charters) [O.E.
twic{c)en, a junction (usually of roads,
but also of streams) -j- ham(m, an enclo-
sure, piece of land]
Its ancient name was . . . , referring
to its situation between two streams or
brooks that flow into the Thames at either
end of the village. -iVa?. Gaz. (1868).

TWIDALE
TWIDDLE

TWIDDY\v. Tweedie, Tweedy, Tweed-
TWIDY J (d)ale.

TWIFORD, V. the commoner form Twyford.

TWIGG I (Eng.) Scion, Cadet [O.E. twig =

TWIGGEJ Dut. twijg, a twig, branch, scion,

etc. (=Ger. zweig, branch, scion, etc.]

I for Tweedale, q.v.

TWIN

TWINE

TWINN

(Eng.) Twin

[O.E. ge)tivinn]

TWINEHAM 1

TWINEM U. Twynham.

TWINHAM J

TWINING (Eng.) Bel. to Twining (Glouc),

the Domesday Tueninge, A.D. 814 (Lat.

charter) Bituinceum = Between Streams

[O.E. betwin, etc., between + ed(u)m, edn,

dat. pi. of ed, a stream]

The village ... is situated on the
road from Gloucester to Worcester, be-
tween the rivers Severn and Avon. —

Nat. Gas.

Twink

244

Tyar

TWINK (Eng.) a nickname from the Spink or
Chaffinch [Dial. (West.) E.]

Twink, a chaffinch. —

Leigh, Chesh. Gloss-, p. 216.

TWINTERMAN (Eng.) Herdsman, Shep-
herd ; more specif., the man who tended
the two-year-old animals [Dial. E. : f. O.E.
twi-wintre, of two winters (years]
A cow-calf is called a twinter or stirk
during its third year. — Leic. Gloss., p. 280.
Twinter, a sheep of two winters. —

Cumbd. Gloss; p. 107.
The Cleveland Gloss. (Addit.), as well
as twinter, a two-winter sheep, has thrinter,
a three-winter sheep.

TWIS(A)DAY'I (Eng.) a name given to a child

TWISEDAY J born on a Tuesday (or to a

foundling discovered on that day) [O.E.

Tiwes-dtEg, Tiw's Day]

The spelling Twysontheday mentioned

by a correspondent of 'Notes & Queries'

(2gth April, 1916, p. 351) as occurring in

a Patent Roll of 1411 shows that a late

mediaeval scribe thought that the name

Twisaday meant 'Twice a day'.

TWISDEN (Eng.) Bel. to Twysden (Kent),
13th cent. Twysden = the Twin (Double)
Valley [O.E. ge)twisi, twin + denu,

valley]

TWISLE (Eng.) Dweller at a River-Fork

[O.E. twisld]

TWISS "1 (Eng.) Twin [O.E. ge)twisa — twi-,
TWISSE J double]

TWISSELL = Twisle, q.v.

TWIST for Twiss, q.v.

About 1 590-1620 members of the same
Kenyon (Lane.) family were called 'Twiss'
and 'Twist.'

TWITCHELL. Dweller in an Alley or Nar-
row Passage [Dial. E. twitchel(l]
Twitchell, sb., a narrow passage or alley
between houses. — Leic. Gloss., p. 280.

TWITCHEN
TWITCHIN
TWITCHING

twychen,

(Eng.)
■ Dwell.

Bel. to Twitchen ; or

weller at the Two-Roads'

Meet (Lat. biviiim) [M.E.

twichen, O.E. twicen(e, 'place

where two roads meet']

Twitchen, Devon, is prob. referred to

in the Hundred-Rolls (Devonsh.) entry

'Richard de la Twichena.'

TWITE for Thwalte, q.v.

TWOGOOD = Toogood, q.v.

TWOHIG (Celt.) the Irish O'Tuathaigh: v.
Toohy.

TWOHILL, V. Toole, O'TooIe.

TWOMEYl T- , ,
TWOOMY / = Toom(e)y, q.v.

TWOM(B)LOWl ( T I

TWOM(B)LEY j ^""^ Twemlow, q.v.

TWOYEAROLD (Eng.) a nickname for a ten-
der of two-year-old animals : cp. Twin-
terman.

This clumsy surname seems to have
died out in the 17th or iSth century.

TWYCROSS (Eng.) Bel. to Twycross ; or
Dweller at the Double Cross [M.E.
O.E. twi-, double -|- M.E. cros, O.N. kross]

TWYDELL for Tweed(d)ale, q.v.

TWYFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Twyford, 13th cent,
usually Twyford; or Dweller at the
Double Ford [O.E. twi-, double -|- ford]

Thomas de Twiford, Mason. —

Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1354.

Thomas de Twyford, Mason. —

do. do. A.D. 1356.

TWYMAN for Twyn(h)am, q.v.

TWYNHAM 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Twynham (now

TWYNAM J Christchurch, Hants),^ituated

between the rivers Avon and Stour.

[Although Twynham — O.E. be)twyn,
etc., between — occurs in a late copy of
a charter of K. jEthelstan ('Cart. Sax.' no.
738), the second element, -ham, is prob.
really for the dat. pi., ed{u)m, of O.E. ed,
a river ; it is, in fact, usually stated that
the 'aet Tweoxnedm' of the A.-Sax. Chron.,
A.D. 901, refers to Christchurch; but this
is not likely for more than one reason]

Twynham was once a place of con-
siderable importance, and is more likely
than the Sussex Twineham (which is
prob. of the same etymology) to have given
surnames —

In Edward the Confessor's reign the
priory contained one prior and 24 canons,
and afterwards fell into the hands of
Ralph Flarabard, Bishop of Durham, upon
whom it was bestowed by William II.,
and who rebuilt the Church, dedicating
it to Christ. It was on this occasion that
the town assumed its present appellation
of Christchurch, instead of its ancient
xiai^e, Twyneham. —

Nat. Gaz., s.n. 'Christchurch.'
TWYNING = Twining, q.v.

TYACK "1 (Celt.) Farmer, Husbandman
TYACKE J [Corn, tyac = Wei. taiawg, taeog]

TYAR, V. Tyep.

Tyars

245

Uden

TYARS, V. Tyeps.

TYAS \ (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Teuton, German

TYEAS I [A.-Fr. O.Fr. tyeis, tyois, tyes. this,

M.H.Ger. tiusch, tiutsch ; cogn. with Dutch

and Teutonic]

Waleiand le Tyeis. — Hund. Rolls.

Avoit une coustume ens el tiois pays . . .
Adonc tenoient Franc les Tiois por
amis. — Berie aus grans pies, V.

TYDD = Tidd, q.v.

TYDEMAN = Tiddeman, q.v.

TYE (Eng.) Dweller at a Common, Croft, or
Enclosure [M.E. and Dial. E. tye, O.E.

tyg, tiag\

Hugh de la Tye. — Hund. Rolls (Sussex).

Tye, Tie, sb., an extensive common
pasture. — Diet. Kent. Dial., p. 180.

A croft callid Wohies Tie. —

MS. Accts. St. Dunstan's, Cant. (1510).
There are places called Tye Green in
Essex and Suffolk.

(Celt.) for Tighe, MacTighe, q.v.

TYER (Celt.) Tiler [Corn, tyor, a tiler; f. ty,

to coverj

TYERMAN (Fr. + Eng.) Tireman ; Dress-
Dealer ; Costumier ; Head-Dresser
[tire, tyer, is for the M.E. atir, atyr{e, attire,
dress, head-dress ; f. atiren, atyren, to
attire, adorn, O.Fr. atirier, to adorn]

Tireman, a dealer in ornamental
clothing . . . Tirewoman, a milliner. —
T. Wright, Prov. Diet., p. 965.

TYERS, Tver's (Son) : v. Tyer.

^^ I v. Tighe, MacTighe.

TYG
TYG

TYHURST (Eng.) Dweller at the Tye- Wood

[v. under Tye, and -|- M.E. hurst, O.E.

hyrst, a wood]

TYLDESLEY = Tildesley, q.v.

TYLEE 1 (Eng.) Dweller at a Tile-field or
TYLEY J Brick-field [O.E. tigel leak]

TYLER \ (Eng.) Tile- or Brick-Maker

TYLOR J [M.E. iyler(e, tiler{e, tygheler(e; i. O.E.

tigele, a tile, brick + the agent, suff. -ere]

TYMMANY for TImpany, q.v.

TYMS = Tims, q.v.

TYNAN (Celt.) the Irish O'Teimhneain (mh

mute) = Descendant of Teimhnean

[the pers. (nick-) name is a double dim.

f. Ir. t^mh, a veil, cover]

TYNDALL } = ^indale, Tindall, q.v.

TYNE (Celt.) i Dweller at the R. Tyne [the
connexion seems to be with O.Erse tain,

water]
There is also a R. Tyne in Scotland.
2 the Irish O'TVimAra (wA mute) [f. the
same stem as Tynan, q.v. ; with the dim.

suff. -in]

TYNEIVIOUTH (Celt. + Eng.) Bel. to Tyne-

mouth = the Mouth of the R. Tyne [v.

under Tyne, and -f- O.E. tniiva]

TYRE = Tyer, q.v.

TYRER, lit. Attirer, the equiv. of Tyerman,
q.v.

TYRRELL, v. Tirrell.

Henry Tyre). — Hund. Rolls.

TYRWHITT, V. Trewhitt.

TYSON I = Tyas's Son : v. Tyas.
2 for Dyson, q.v.

TYTE, V. Tite, Titus.

TYTHERINGTON, v. Titherington.

TYTHERLEIGH, v. Titherleigh.

TYTLER (Eng.) Tatler [M.E. titeler, f. titelen,
titeren, to tattle ; conn, with Low Ger.
tateln, to tattle]
Of alle tale-telleris
And titeleris . . . —

Piers Plowman, 14523-4.

TYZACK (Fr.) Bel. to Tizac (Gironde) =
(prob.) Titius's Estate [M.Lat. *Titi-
acum—dc-um, the Lat.-Gaul. possess, suff.]

u

UBANK (Eng.) Dweller at the Yew-Bank
[O.E. iw; and see under Banl<]

UCHTRED, V. Ughtred.

nnil"^ 1 (Eng-) Bel. to Udale or Yewdale =
UDELL J "'^ Yew- Valley [O.E. iw + dal]

There are a Yewdale near Coniston
Water and a Udale Beck flowing into the
Lune.

UDEN (Eng.) Dweller at the Yew- Valley
[O.E, iw + denu]

Udy

246

Umpleby

UDY (Teut.) 1 6th cent. Udie, the Domesday
Udi [app. f. a var. of O.N. awS-r = O.Sax.
dd (= O.E. edd), prosperity, riches, luck]

Uda occurs as the name of a monk in
the 'Liber Vitae Dunelm.' ; and Udd is
found in England in the eighth cent. The
Continental forms preclude a derivation f.
O. Wei. udd, a 'chief, 'lord'.

UFF (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Uf{f)a [f. O.E. «/, m.
(= Svved. uf), owl]
(Scand.) an assim. form of the O.N.
Ulf-r = O.E. Wulf.

UFFINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to UfSngton : i the
A.-Sax. *Uffingatun = the Estate of the
Uffa Family [v. under UfT, and + O.E.
-inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing + tun,

estate, etc.]

2 the A.-Sax. C/^a«fMK = Uff A 's Estate
\Uffan-, genit. of Uffa; and -|- O.E. tuti]

The Berks Uffington occurs as Uffentiin
(for Uffantun) c. a.d. 930 ; and an Uffentiin
occurs in a loth-cent. Durham charter
('Cart. Sax.' no. 685).

UFFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Ufford (Northants :

anc. Ufforde; Suff.: 13th cent. Ufford),

A.-Sax. *Uffa{n)ford = Uffa's Ford

\Uffan-, genit. of TJffa (v. under Uff) ;

and + O.E. ford]

The Uffawyr^ [O.E. wyr^, worlS, estate]
of a Northants charter dated a.d. 948 prob.
relates to the same proprietor who is
connoted in the Ufford nr. Stamford.

UGLOW (Eng.) Dweller at Ugga's (Buiial-)
Mound [A.-Sax. *Uggan-hl<Biv — Uggan-,
genit. of Ugga, which seems to be of
Scand. orig. : cp. O.N. ugg-r, fear, awe]

UGHTRED (Eng.) the Domesday Uctred,
A.-Sax. Uhtred (common) = Sprite-
Counsel [O.E. uht = wiht, a sprite,
creature -|- rAd, counsel, advice]

Uhtred, the powerful earl of Northum-
berland, . . . hastened to make his sub-
mission to Cnut, as he had formerly done
to his father [Sueinn]. —

Lappenberg-Thorpe, A.-Sax. Kings, ii.

220, 229.
Robertus Ughtrede. —

Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1300.

ULF KETTLE (Scand.) the O.N. Ulfketill =

Ulf-r's (Sacrificial) Cauldron [O.N.

ulf-r, wolf 4- ketill, cauldron]

The O.N. Ulfketill was Anglicized

Ulfcytel and Wulfcytel.

ULGAR \ (Scand.) the O.N. Ulfgeirr= A.-Sax.
yiLGEHiWulfgar (common), i.e. Wolf-
Spear [O.N. geirr = O.E. gar, a spear]

Both Vlgar and Ulger occur as sur-
names in the Hundred-Rolls.

ULUATHORN(E 1 (Scand.) Bel. to UUathorne

UULITHORN(E f (Westmd.), i6th cent, same

spelling = (prob., with intrus. -a-) Ulf-r's

Thorn-Tree [O.N. Alf-r, wolf -|- ^om,

thorn- tree]

Ulthwaite, Westmd., was Ulvethewayt
A.D. 1301.

ULLMER 1 (Teut.) i for the O.N. Ulfmcerr =

ULMAR I A.-Sax. Wulfmar, i.e. Wolf-

ULMER J Famed [O.N. mcerr = O.E. mcere,

famous, glorious]

2 the O.l'eut. Ulmar, Ulmer = Owl-
Famed [O.H.Ger. ula, uwila = O.E. lile
(Dut. uil), owl + O.H.Ger. and O.Sax.
mdri = O.E. metre, famous, etc.]

Ulmer and Ulfmer (common) are the
Domesday- Bk. forms.

ULLOCK (Scand.) Bel. to UUock' (Cumb.),
13th cent. Uhelayk, Ulvelaik, repr. the
O.N. pers. name Ulfleik-r = Wolf-Sport
[O.N. leik-r = O.E. Idc, sport, contest],
with a local suff. lost : the form Ullayk
mire [O.N. myr-r, a bog, moor], in fact,
occurs a.d. 1285.

ULPH (Scand.) the O.N. Ulf-r (mod. Norw.
Ulf Ulv) = Wolf.

ULVERSTON (Scand.) Bel. to Ulverston (N.

Lane), 13th cent. Ulveston, a.d. 1196

Olveston = Ulf-r's Homestead [see

under Ulph; and -1- O.N. <m«J

The -er in this name is the common
phonetic intrusion ; it does not occur in
the earliest forms of the name.

ULYAT(T ] are app. forms of the common

ULYEAT lA.-Sax. Wulfgeat [O.K. wulf , woM

LILYET(Tj + the ethnic name Gedtl; with

W- lost through Scand. influence, the

surname being mainly found in Lmcoln-

shire, Yorkshire, and Cambridgeshire.

Uluiet occurs in Domesday-Bk.

UMFREVILUE 1 (Fr.-Teut. -|- Lat.) Bel. to

UMFREWILL I Umfrevill(e, evid. some

UMPHREVILLE J small place in Normandy =

Humfrey's or Hunfrid's Estate [see

under Humfrey, awA-^Yr.ville, Lat. villd\

Will'us de Umfrevill. —

Charter-Rolls, A.D. 128 1.

UMNEY for Ommaney, q.v.

UMPUEBY '[(Scand.), a common Yorkshire

UMPHELBY J surname, evid. represents the

Yorks- Domesday t/>«ZOT)«6«,J7»/owJ! (which

is usually said to be Anlaby) ='*Hunleif's

Uncles

847

Upton

Estate [the pers. name corresponds to
the A.-Sax. Hunldf, and is a compd. of
Hun-, the ethnic name, and O.N. leif =

O.E. Idf, relic, heritage : 1- O.N. by-r,

farm, estate]

UNCLES 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Uncle's (Son) [M.E.
UNKLESj MMcte, tinkle; Fr. onde; Lat. avun-

cul-us\

UNDERDOWN (Eng.) Dweller Under the

Down or Hill [O.E. under; dun, dat. dune']

Richard Underdoune. — Testa de Nevill.

UNDERHAY (Eng.) Dweller Under the

Hedge or Hedged Enclosure [O.E.

under ; and v. Hay]

UNDERHILL (Eng.) Dweller Under the Hill

[O.E. under; hyll]

William Underhiil.— ffM«d. Rolls.

UNDERWOOD (Eng.) Dweller Under the
Wood [O.E. under ; wudu, dat. wuda]
John Underwode. —

Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.
Adam Undirwode. —

Vale Royal Ledger-Bk., A.D. 1280.

UNDRELLfor Underhill, q.v.

UNETT, i6th cent. Unet, is app. the O.Scand.
pers. name Une [prob. f. O.N. una, to be
happy] with the Fr. dim. suff. -et.

UNSWORTH (Scand. + E.) Bel. to Unsworth
(Lauc.) = Unn's Farm or Estate
[Undeswortk is the form in 1322 ('Extent
Manor, Mchstr.'), but the d is -prob. the
common post-n intrusion, and the pers.
name the O.Scand. Unn-r (mod. Unn and

Und), f. O.N. unna, to love : h O.E.

KiortS, farm, etc.]

This name is occ. for H unsworth, q.v.

UNTHANK (Eng.) Bel. to Unthank (a fairly
common Eng. place-name), 14th cent.
Unthank, 13th cent. Unthanc, denoting land
settled upon 'without leave' of the lord of
the manor [O.E. un\anc, displeasure, ill-
will, in the genit. case signifying 'against
one's will', 'without leave' ; as clearly
shown, e.g., in the A.-Saxon Chronicle,
A.D. 901, where one MS. has "blitan |)Bes
cyninges I6afe" (without the King's leave)
and another "faes cynges unjiances'']

UNWIN (Eng.) I the 13th cent. Unwine, 12th

cent. Unwin-us [evid. the A.-Sax. unwine,

enemy; lit. 'not a friend' — ««-, negative

prefix, and wine, friend = O.N. uvin-r]

(rarely) 2 the A.-Sax. Unwene ('fseder

Unwenes'. — WfdsfS, 230) [O.E. unwene,

unexpected — un-, negative prefix]

UPCHER, V. Upsher.

UPCHURCH (Eng.) Bel. to Upchurch ; or

Dweller at the Upper or High Church

[O.E. Up + cirice]

Upchurch, Kent, was Upcherche in the

13th cent.

UPCOTT (Eng.) Bel. toUpcott, I3th-I4thcent.

Uppecot{e, Upcote; or Dweller at the Upper

or High Cottage [O.E. Up + coi\

This is a West. Eng., esp. Devonshire,

name.

UPCRAFT (Eng.) Dweller at the Upper or
High Croft [O.E. up ; and see Craft]

UPFIELD (Eng.) Dweller at the Upper or
High Field [O.E. up + feld]

UPFILL for Upfield.

UPFOLD (Eng.) Dweller at the Upper or High
Fold [O.E. up + fal(o)d, a fold, pen, stall]

UPHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Upham (Hants, Wilts,

etc.), 13th cent. Upham; or Dweller at the

Upper Enclosure or Dwelling [O.E.

up -\- ham(m]

UPHILL (Eng.) Bel. to Uphill, 13th cent.
Uppehull, Uppehill; or Dweller at the
High or Lofty Hill [O.E. tip + hyll\

UPJOHN (Celt. -I- Heb.) a corrupt form of

the Wei. Ap-John = Son of John, q.v.

[Wei. ap, ab, son (of]

UPPERTON (Eng.) Bel. to Upperton ; or
Dweller at the Upper or Higher Farm-
stead or Village [cp. Upton]
There are an Upperton in Sussex and
an Upper Town in Cumberland.

UPRICHARD (Celt. + Teut.) a corrupt form
of the Wei. Ap-Richard : v. Pritchard.

UPRIGHT (Eng.) Upright, Erect [M.E. O.E.

apriht]

UPSALL (Eng.) Bel. to Upsall' (N. Yorks),

13th cent. Upsal(e, Domesday Upesale,

Upsale = the Upper or High Hall [O.E.

up -\- sat]

UPSHER "1 (Eng.) Bel. to Upshire (Essex) =

UPSHIRE J the Upper or High District or

Parish [O.E. Ap + scir]

UPSON, a syncopated form of Upstone, q.v.

UPSTONE (Eng.) Dweller at the Upper or

High Stone or Rock, or Stone Castle

[O.E. up + stdn]

UPTON (Eng.) Bel. to Upton (acommon Eng.

place-name), 13th cent. Upton, A.-Sax.

Uptiin = the Upper or High Farmstead

or Village [O.E. up -\- t4n]

upward

348

Utrickson

UPWARD for Upwood, q.v.

UPWOOD (Eng,) Bel. to Upwood ; or Dweller
at the Upper or High Wood [O.E. tip +

wudu]
Upwood, Hunts, was Upwode in the
13th cent., Upwude (a dat. form) in a loth
cent. Latin charter.

URAN, see the commoner form Urian.

URBAN (A.-Lat.) Urbane [Lat. Urban-us,
belonging to a city (urbs\

URCY 1 (Fr.) One from Urcy, Urjay (France),

URSY J the M.Lat. Ursiacum = i\\e Estate of

Ursus [the pers. name is Lat. ursus, a

bear ; the suff. is the Lat. -Gaul, possess.

-dc-um\

URE (Celt.) Dweller by the R. Ure [O.Celt.

ar, fresh, pure]

UREN (Scand.) a nickname: Impure, Un-
chaste [Dan.-Norw. uren — «, negative
+ ren, pure, etc.]

URIAN 1 forms (Urien, esp., being Welsh) of
URIEN [ the Lat. Uranius, Uranus, Gr. Oipavds
URION J = the Heavenly One [f. Gr. oipa,v6s,

heaven]

Owain mab Urien. — Mabinogion, etc.

Urien, Rhydderch, and others, who
warred with Hussa, king of Bernicia from
567 to 574, figure very conspicuously in
old Welsh poetry.—

Rhys, Celt. Brit. (ed. 1908), p. 145.

John fil. Vnan.—Hund. Rolls.

URIDGE (Eng.) Bel. toUridge (ace. to Lower

a Sussex name occurring as Eweregge in

the 14th cent.) = the Ewe-Ridge [O.E.

ho{e -f hrycg\

uRLmG}f°'-"'"^'"-q-

URLWIN (Eng.) the 13th - cent. Urlewyn,,
Domesday Urlewine, A.-Sax. Eorlwine =
Earl-Friend [O.E. eorl, nobleman, chief,
earl -f wine, friend]

URMSON I for Urmston, q.v.
2 for Orm(e)8oni q.v.

URMSTON (A.-Scand.) Bel. to Urmston

(Lane), I3th-i4th cent. Urmeston = \3rm's

Estate or Farmstead [the genit. of Urm,

the Anglicized form of O.N. Orm-r (v.

Opm(e) -f O.E. tun, farm, etc.]

URQUHART (Celt.) Bel. to Urquhart, a fairly
common Scot, place - name, occurring
1 2th- 14th cent, as Urchard; but we get
the real clue to the meaning of the name

from the reference to the Inverness
Urquhart in Adamnan's Life of St.
Columba (III. xiv.) as Airchartan (with
-dn dim. suff.) [prob. Gael, and Ir. air, on,
at -f the asp. form oi cart (Lat. guart-us),
a quarter, fourth part : cp. the Cartron
(Fr. quarteron, a fourth part), 'a quarter of
land', of Irish place-nomenclature ; and
Eng. farthing (O.E. fedr^ung, a fourth
part), 'a division of land', also found in
place-names]

URRY (Teut.) an assim. form of the Domesday
Ulric, Uluric, representing the O.N. form,
Ulfrik-r, of the common A.-Sax. Wulfric
= Wolf-Powerful.

Simon Urri. — Hund. Rolls.

(Celt.) Bel. to Urray (Ross& Cromarty),
16th cent. Urray, Uurray [prob. the first
element is the river-name Ure (v. Ure),
and the second for Gael, achadh, a field]

URSWICK (Eng.) Bel. to Urswick (Lane),
13th cent. Urswyk, Urswyke, Ursewik,
Urswic =IJrsa.'s Place [O.E. wic, a place:
the pers. name is prob. f. O.E. yrsian, to

be angry]

URWICK, a weak form of Urswick, q.v.

URWIN for Irwin, q.v.

URY, V. Urry.

USBORN(E for Osborn(e, q.v.

USHER "1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Doorkeeper [M.E.

USSHZR ] uschere, uss{h)er, O.Fr. ussier (Fr.

huissier), Lat. ostiarius, doorkeeper]

The iisshers and the squiers been y-goun
[gone]. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, F 293.

USHERWOOD, V. Isherwood.

USK (Celt.) Dweller by the R. Usk, anc. Isca

[O.Celt, use- (c as k), as in O.Ir. usee, uisce,

mod. Ir. uisge, Gael. uisg{e = Wei. wysg,

water, stream]

UTLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Utley (Yorks), the
Domesday Utelai, A.-Sax. *Ut{t)an-ledh =
Ut(t)a's Lea [the pers. name Ut{t)a
{Utta was the name of a priest — abbot of
Gateshead — mentioned more than once
in Beda's 'Hist. Eccl.') is prob. f. O.E.
ylan (base iit, out), to expel, banish]

I cannot trace that there has been any
confusion with Otley.

UTRICK (Eng.) a North-eastern descendant
of the A.-Sax. pers. name U\>elric, Oe^elric
[f. O.E. oe^el, country, native land, home-f-

ricla, ruler]

UTRICKSON, Utrtck's Son : v. Utrick.

Uttermare

249

Vass

UTTERMARE HA.-Fr.-Lat.) for the French

UTT ERMERE S d'Oulremer = From Beyond

THE Sea(s (Across the Channel) [Fr.

outre, O.Fr. oltre, Lat. ultra, beyond + Fr.

mer, Lat. mare, sea]

UTTERSON I Ughtred's Son : v. Ughtred.

2 for Utrickson, q.v.

UTTING (Eng.) the I3th-i4th cent. Uttyng,
Utting, A.-Sax. Utting, Uting = Ut(t)a's
Son [v. under Utiey, and + the O.E. fil.

suff. -ing'\

UTTLEY, V. UtIey.
UWINpV. Ewin.

VAC HER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Cowherd, Cowman
[Fr. vacher ; f. vache, Lat. vacca, a cow]

Simon le Vacher. — Hund. Rolls-

VAGG.v. Wagg.

VAHEY 1 (Celt.) for the Irish Mac an Bheatha

VAHY ) [bh as u ; M as K) [Ir. mac, son + an,

of the + the genit. of beatha, life]

VAIL
VAILE
VAILL
VALE

(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller in a Vale [M.E.
val{e, Fr. val, Lat. vall-is, valley]

■ 1

, \ = Vasey, Vassey, q.v.

Robert de la Vale. —

Plac. de quo Warr., A.D. 1292.

VAISEY
VAIZEYJ

VALENTINE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the YrenchValentin,

m., Valentine, f., Lat. Valentin-us, -a [f.

Lat. valens, valentis, strong, healthy]

VALLANCE 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Valence

VALLENCE J (several in France) = the

Stronghold [Lat. Valentia ; i. valens,

valentis, strong]

VALLENTIN
VALLENTINE^

V. Valentine.

VALLET(T (A.-Fr.-Celt.) Valet [M.E. vallet ;

Fr. valet, footman, valet, O.Fr. vaslet, dim.

f vas(s)al: v. Vassal(l]

Adam le Vallet.—

Close Rolls, A.D. 1311- 12.

VALLIS (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the O.French Vallois,
mod. Gallois = Welshman (also Wal-
loon) [see under Walsh]

(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to (Les) Vallois

(France) = the Vales [a pi. form f. Lat.

vallis, vale, valley]

In French directories the surname
Vallois occurs with and without prefixed
de ; Desvallois also occurs.

VAN 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller by theWiNNOW-
VANN / ing-Fan [Fr. van, Lat. vann-us'\

Richard atte Vanne. —

Plac. de quo Warr., A.D. 1292.

Cp. Fann(e.

VANCE for Vannes or Vans, pi. of Van(n, q.v.

VANDERBILT (Dut.) Of the Heap: v. the
Appendix of Foreign Names.

VANNER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Winnower [M.E. van-
ner(e (cp. Fr. vanneur) : v. Van(n, and-f the
E. agent, suff. -er, earlier -ere\
Sporadically this name may be for the
Fr. vannier, 'basket-maker' [f Fr. van,
winnowing-basket], Van{n)ier is a com-
mon French surname.

Cp. Fanner.

VANSON seems to be a late name and to
represent one of the Dutch Van- [Dut. van,
of, from] names, combined with Eng. son.

VARDON 1 „ ^
VARDEN 1 = V^''''°"' ^•^•

VAREYI (A.-Fr.-Lat.) True [M.E. veray,
VARY J O.Fr. verai (Fr. vrai), Lat. *verac-us

— ver-us, true]

VARLEY (Fr.) Bel. to Verly (Picardy), a.d.

1 197 Verli ('Dict.Topog.') [prob. repr. Lat.

virgulet-um, a thicket, copse]

Hugo de 'VexW.— Pipe-Rolls, A.D. 1184.

(Celt.) for ihelxxshMacanBhearshuiligh
(bh AS V ; sh as K) = Son of the Sharp
Spear (a nickname) [Ir. mac, son -f- an,
of the -f- the asp. form of bear, a spear,
and the genit. of siiileach, sharp, prop,
sharp-sighted]
VARNEY = Verney, q.v.

VARNHAM ] (Eng.) Bel. to Vernham (Hants),

VARNAM ^ 13th cent. r^^KMOT. If this 13th-

VARNUM J cent, form can be trusted the h

in the name is intrusive, -um being the

O.E. dat. pi. suff ; the name therefore

meaning At the Ferns [O.E. feamum,

dat. pi. oifearn (=Dut. varen), fern]

VARRlLLY, v. Varley (Celt.).

VASEY, V. Vas8(e)y.

VASS (A.-Fr.-Celt.) Servant, Vassal [Fr.
Vasse, f. L.Lat. vass-us, a servant, vassal ;

Vassal

250

Venes(s

f. the Celt. : cp. O.Bret, uuas, mod. Bret.

guaz — Wei. and Corn, gwas, lad, youth,

servant]

Si alicujiisseniscalcus.qui servusest, et
dominus ejus xil vassosinira domum habet
. . . ^-Lex Alamannorum, 79 : 3.

Vasse le Poynur. — Hund. Rolls.

Cp. Wace.

VASSAL
VASSALL
VASSEL
VASSELL

(A.-Fr.-Celt.) Dependant, Ten-
ant, Subject ; orig. Servant
[M.E. Fr. vassal, L.Lat vassal-is,
f. L.Lat. vass-us : see under Vass]

The king, perceiving such his veine.
Promotes his vassal still,
Lest that the basenesse of the man
Should lett [hinder], perhaps, his will. —
'Argentile and Curan', 71-4 : Percy's
Religues.

VASSAR \ (A.-Fr.-Celt.) shortened forms (14th
VASSER J cent. Vausour) of Vavasour, q.v.

Vasseur is a common French surname.

VASSEY 1 (Fr.) Bel. to Vassy (Calvados), 12th

VA8SIE [cent. Vaacie,M.l.?A.*Vas{s)iacum =

VASSY ) (prob.) Wasi's, or Waso's, Estate

[the pers. name is app. f. the O.H.Ger.

h)was (= O.E. hwas), keen (seen in

Gervas) ; the suff. being the common

Lat.-Gaul. possess, -dc-uni]

VAUGHAN\(Celt.) Little, Small [Wei.

VAUGHN I Vychan, mutation of bychan\

Rys Vychan. — Brut y Tywysogion, A.D.

1248,
In I3th-cent. West.English records we
find the forms Vachan and Vaghan.

\ = Vaux, q.v.

VAUS
VAUSE

VAUX (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Vaux, a common
French place-name = the Vales [Fr.
vaux, pi. oival, a vale, valley ; Lai. vall-is\
Robert de Vaux. —

Pipe-Rolls, A.D. 1 184-5.
This surname was Latinized de Vallibus.

JR I (A.-Fr.-Celt.) Under- Vassal
;URJ rA.-Fr.i

VAVASOUf

VAVASSEU R ; [A.-Fr. vavassur, vavaso{u)r (Fr.
vavasseur) ; f. L.Lat. vassus vassorum,
vassal of vassals : v. under Vass]
Will'us le Vavassur. —

Pipe-Rolls, A.D. 1 187-8.
Joh'es le Vavasor. —

Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1251-2
Adam le Vavasour. —

Hund.-Rolls, A.D. 1274.

A frankeleyn was in his compaignye . . .
A shirreve hadde he been, and a coun-

tour [accountant].
Was nowher such a worthy vavasour-
Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 331, 359-60.

VEACH = Veitch, q.v.

VEACO for Veacock, q.v.

VEACOCK (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the French Vid(e)coq

= Woodcock [O.N.Fr. videcoc, videcoq,

etc. (Norm. dial, vico), a woodcock ; f.

Teut. : cp. O.E. wi{o)ducocc]

Le vannel, le videcocq, le merle, le

coulon, et moult [many] d'autres oyseaux.

— Modus, 1°95 v°; Godefroy.

VEAL 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Calf [M.E. veel, vel{e,
VEALE etc., O.F. veel, viel (Fr. veau) ; Lat.
VEALL vitell-us, little call (a term of endear-
VEALLE'' ment), dim. o\' vitul-us, bull-calf]

Roger le Vel.—Hund. Rolls.

2 for Viel(e, q.v.

VEALS, Veal's (Son) : v. Veal.

VEAREJ vere, q.v.

VEARS, VEAR's(Son) : v. Vear, Vere.

VEARY = Verey, q.v.

VEASEY \

Vessey, q.v.

VEAZEY

VEEVERS (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Viviers, a com-
mon French place-name = the Game or
Fish Preserves, Parks, Warrens [pi.
of Fr. vivier (whence A.-Fr. vever, fishpond),
Lat. vivari-um ; f. Lat. vivere, to live]

VEITCH (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Vic(h, a common

French place-name = an Estate, Hamlet,

Village [Lat. vlc-us\

VENABLES (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. toVenables (Eure) ;
prob. a form of Fr. vignobles = Vine-
yards [f. Lat. vinea, vineyard : the orig.
of -able is disputed ; it prob. represents
Lat. oppidul-um, little town]
de Venables occurs in the list of " Com-
pagnons de Guillaume k la conqugte de
I'Angleterre en MLXVP' graven over the
main doorway (inside) of the old church
at Dives, Calvados.

William de Venables. — Hund. Rolls.

VENES(S] (A.-Fr.-Lat.) One from Venice,

VENIS \lta\.Venezia, l.at. Venetia [f. the

VENUS J people-nameF««e<iiwhowereposs.

named from the colour of their costume —

Lat. venetus, bluish]

Leonard de Venetia. — Close Rolls.

Venlmore

251

Vernay

VENIMORE\ voiced forms of Fenemope,
VENMORE J Fenimore = Finnemore, etc.,

q.v.

VENN, a voiced (West-Couxitry) form of
Fenn, q.v.
John atte Venne. —

Soms. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. 1327.

See "Annals of a Clerical Family :
Being some Account of the Family and
Descendants of William Venn, Vicar of
Otterton, Devon, 1600-1621" (1904), by
John Venn, F.R S.

VENNEL ] I Dweller by a Gutter or Ditch;

VENNELL > or in an Alley [North. E. vennel,

VENNALlJ a gutter, sink; also Scot, venall,

an alley — M.Fr. venelle, a small street,

alley ; f. Lat. vena, a vein, watercourse]

Isabel de la Venele. — Hund. Rolls-

Richard en le Venel. — do.

2 voiced forms of Fennel(l, q.v.

VENNER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Huntsman [A.-Fr.

veji{o)ur, veneur (Fr. veneur), Lat. venator,

hunter, sportsman]

Robert le Venur. — Hund. Rolls.
William Venator. — do.
Thomas le Veneur. — Fine-Rolls.
Cp. Grosvenor'.

(Eng.) a voiced (West-Country) form of
Fenner, q.v.

VENNING, a voiced form of Fanning, q.v.

VENOUR, v. Vennen.

VENTRIS(S I (A.-Fr.-Lat.) weak forms (owing
VENTERS J to the stress having in this
country fallen back to the first syllable) of
the Norman (Orne) place-name La Vent-
rouse = the Red Market-Hall [North.
Fr. vente, a market (-hall), f. Lat. vendere,
to sell ; and see under Rous(e]

VENUS for Venes(s, q.v.

VERD (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Green [Fr.
verd, green ; Lat. virid-is^

VERDIN (A.-Fr.-Lat.) = Verd (q.v.) -1- the
dim. suff. -in [Lat. -in-us^

VERDON 1 (A.-Fr.-Celt.) Bel. to Verdon, Ver-
VERDUN ) dun, fairly common French place-
names = the Green Hill (-Fort [the
Gaul. cogn. of Wei. gwyrdd = Corn, guirt
(allied to Fr. vert, O.Fr. verd, Lat. virid-is),
green -)- Gaul, dun-on (long a). Latinized
dun-um, hill, hill-fort]
Verdon. Marne, was Verdon A.u,. 1162
and Verdun a.d. 1222. Verdun, Meuse,
was the Lat.-Celt. Virodunum.

Bertram de Verdun. —

Pipe-Rolls, A.D. 1161.

VERE (A.-Fr.-Scand.) Bel. to Ver (Calvados,
Manche, Oise,- Eure-et-Loir) = the Fish-
ing-Station [O.N. ver']

Ver, Calvados, occurs a.d. 1066 as Ver
and Ver-um.

Henry deVeT.—Hund.-Rolls, A.D. 1274.

Hugo de Vere. —

Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1289-go.

VEREY (A-Fr.-Lat.) i True [M.E. veray,

verray, etc., O.Fr. verai (Fr. vrai), Lat.

*verac-us — ver-us, true]

And lyke to ben [be] a verray gentil-
man. —
Chaucer, Legende of Good Women, 1068.

2 for Verp(e)y. q.v.

VERGE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at the Virgate
or Yardland [A.-Fr. verge ; f. Lat. virga,

a rod]
Richard de la Verge. —

Close Rolls, A.D. 1275.

VERITY (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Truth [Fr. Verity —
vMte, truth ; Lat. veritatem, ace. of Veritas']

VMt^. — Surnom d'homme sincere, v6ri-
dique, comme ceux de Leal, Liau, Leaut^,
Loyau, Loyaut^, qui existent aussi. —

Larchey, Diet, des Noms, p. 486.

VERNER 1 (Fr.-Teut.) French forms of the

VERNIER J O.Teut. Warenher(i,Warinhar{i [v.

under Warin, and -|- O.Sax. O.H.Ger.

heri, hari = O.E. here = Goth. harji-s =

O.N. herr, army]

William Verner. —

Lane. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1284.

Cp. Garnier'.

This pers. name occurs in the Doubs
place-name Vernierfontaine.

VERNEYl (A.-Fr.-Ceh.) Bel. 10 Vernay or
VERNAY I Verney (France) = the Alder-
Grove [L.Lat. vernet-um (-et-um, planta-
tion suff.) ; f. Gaul, vem-os (Fr. ver(g)ne) =
Wei. gwern-en = Bret, guem = Ir. and
Gael, /earn (O.Ir. fern), alder-tree (feam-
ach, alder-grove]

Item, un petit verney assis au terroir de
Manopou. —

Charter, A.D. 1412 ; Ducange, s.v.
'veniiacum' [-i-acum was sometimes used

for -etum\

In our I3th-cent. rolls we find the
forms (with prefixed de) Verney, Vernay,
aniVernai. Vernay or Verney is naturally
not an uncommon place-name in France ;
but no doubt the chief source of the

Vernon

252

Vicker

Anglo-French surname is St. Paul-de-
Vernay, Calvados, Normandy.

VERNON (A.-Fr.-Celt.) Bel. to Vernon

(France) [the stem is that of Verney

(q.v.) : the suff. is either the dim. -on (Lat.

-i-on-em), or else it represents, as in some

other cases, Lat. -i-an-utn]

de Vernon occurs on the mural list of
"Compagnons de Guillaume k la Con-
quete de I'Angleterre en MLXVI" in Dives
Church ; and Vernoun figures in the so-
called copies of the Roll of Battle Abbey.

William de Vernun. —

Patent Rolls, A.D. 1218-19.

Vernon is a common French place-
name, but the chief source of the A.-French
surname is prob. Vernon, Eure, Normandy.

VERRALL 1 (A.-Fr.) i the French Verel(le =
VERRELL True fO.Fr. wr-, Lat. ver-us, true
VERRILL J -l-theFr.dim. suff. -f/, Lat. -e//-Mi]

2 for the Freiich Veriet = a Pasturage
[North. Fr. veriel]

VERRER \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the French Verrier =

VERRIER (Glass-Maker [Lat. vitrari-us; f.

vitr-um (Fr. verre), glass]

In our I3th-i4th cent, records the

forms (with prefixed Ic) are Verrer, Verrour \

less often Verer.

VERREY 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) 1 Bel. to Verrey, Verry,

VERRY J Verrie, (forms of) Verrerie (France)

= the Glass-works [Fr. verrerie ; f. verre,

Lat. vitr-um, glass]

2 for Verey, q.v.

VERT (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to (Le) Vert (a common

French place-name) = (The) Green [Fr.

vert, Lat. virid-is, green]

VERTUE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Virtue [Fr. vertu, Lat.

virtutem, ace. of virtus, virtue, manly

excellence, valour, etc.]

VERY I v, Verey.

2 for Verp(e)y, q.v.

VESEY 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. toVessey(Manche,
VESSEY J Norm. ; also Burgundy), prob. cor-
responding to the South. Fr.Vissac, M.Lat.
Vitiacum = the Estate of Vitius [the
Roman name Vitius, m., Vitia, (., is f. Lat.
vita, life : -dc-um is the Lat.-Gaul. possess.

suff]
Richard de Vescy. — Hund. Rolls.

John Vessy. —

Ing. ad q. Damn., tp. Hen. VL
Apparently there has been no confusion
with Vassy.

VEVERS = Veevers, q.v.

VEY (Celt.) a contr. of Mac Vey, q.v.

(Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Le Vey (Calvados,
Norm.) ; or Dweller at The Ford [Dial.
Fr. vey, vay (Fr. gu£), Lat. vad-um, a ford]
Calvados has also 'Le pont du Vay'.

V|V|^/} = Vescy, q.v.

VIAL 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i the French Fra/, a syn-

VIALL Icopated form of the saint-name

VIALLEj Vital, Lat. Vitalis [Lat. vital-is, of

life, vital ; f. vita, life]

Vitalis de Engayne. — Testa de Nevill.

2 for Viel(e, q.v.

VIALLS, VlALL's (Son) : v. Viall.

VIAN \ (A.-Fr.-Celt.) Bel. to Vienne (several
VIANE J in France) = the White Town.

Vienna (Austria), i2lh cent. Wienna,
was the Lat.-Gaul. Vindohona [Gaul.
uindo-s = O.Ir. find (mod. Ir. and Gael.
flonn) = Wei. gwyn = Bret, guen, white,
fair : hona occurs frequently in Gaul,
place-names with the generally accepted
meaning of 'habitation(s' (for app. mod.
Celt, cognates see under Rathbone].
Vienne, Is&re, was anc. Vienna. Vienne,
Calvados, was Viana A.D. 1198 ; and it is
prob. this place with which we are more
particularly concerned.

Joh'es de Vienna. —

Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1315-16.

VICAR (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Incumbent; orig. a Dep-
uty or Substitute [Fr. vicaire, a vicar,
curate ; Lat. vicari-us, a deputy]
Nature, the vicaire of the almyghty
Lord. — Chaucer, Pari, of Foules, 379-

VICARS I (the) Vicar's (Son) : v. Vicar.

2 Dweller at the Vicar's House.

Peter atte Vicars. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

VICARY "I (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Vicar [M.E. vicary,

VICAREY J vicarie, etc. : v. under Vicar ; and

cp. Fr. vicairie, curacy, vicarage]

'Sire Freest', quod he, 'artow [art thou]
a vicary ?' — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, I 22.

Of persons [parsons] and vycaryes
They make many outcryes. —

Skelton, Colyn Cloute, S7^-3-

VICK (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Vic or Vicq (a com-
mon French place-name) = the Village
[Lat. vic-us^
VICKER = Vicar, q.v.

Vickerage

253

Viney

The viker hadde fer hoom.

(The vicar had far to go home). —

Piers Plowman, 13924.

VICKERAGE 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller, or Ser-

VICKERIDGE f vant, at a Vicarage [v. under

Vicar: the Fr. suff. -age is the Lat. -atic-us]

VICKERMAN (A.-Fr.-Lat. -|- Eng.) Vicar's
Man (-Servant) [v. under Vicar]

Robert le Vicarmon. —

Vale Royal Ledger-Bk; c. A.D. 1334.

WillelmusVikarman. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

VICKERS = Vicars, q.v.

VICKERSON, (the) Vicar's Son : v. Vicar.

VICKERY = Vicary, q.v.

VICKESS for Vicars, q.v.

VICKRESS, (the) Vicary's (Son) : v. Vicary.

VICKRIDGE, V. Vicl<erage.

VICTOR (A.-Lat.) Conqueror [Lat. victor]

VIDDLER 1 voiced or West-Country forms of
VIDLER JFidler.

VI EL I (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Old [A.-Fr. viel(e, etc.,

VIELE J O.Fr. vieil(s, etc. (FT.vieil,vieux}, old ;

Lat. vetul-us, oldish]

2 for Vial, q.v.

3 for Veal(e, q.v.

VIGAR

VIGER

VIGGAR

VIGGOR

VIGOR

VIGUR

(A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Vigour [M.E. vigor,

O.Fr. vigo{u)r (Fr. vigueur), Lat.

vigor, force]

2 for the French Viguier = Provost
(in Languedoc, Provence) [Fr. viguier ;

Lat. vicari-us, a deputy]

Viguier. — Mot qui ne se dit qu'en Lan-
guedoc et en Provence. Ilsignifie lejuge
qu' on apelle Prevdt dans les autres pro-
vinces de France. Les Dues ou les Comtes
de la premiere race des Rois Franyois
avoient des viguiers, ou des Lieutenans
qui rendoient justice en leur absence. —
Diet, de Richelet (1680), ii. 530.

In France, Viguier is a much commoner
surname than Vigueur.

3 voiced (West - Country) forms of
Vicar, q.v.

VIGARS s
VIGERS I
VIGGARS

^'iqOrs^I-Vigar's, etc. (Son) : v. Vigar, etc.

VIGOURS
VIGUERS
VIGURS

VI LAIN "I (A.-Fr.-Lat.) orig. Farm-Servant,

VILLEIN J Peasant ; Serf \M..7...vileyn,vilein,

villein, O.Fr. villain (mod. vilain) ; f. Fr.

ville, Lat. villa, country-estate, farm]

Hugh le YWem.—Hund. Rolls.

Thus as he spoke, loe with outragious
cry

A thousand villeins rownd about them
swarmd. —

Spenser, Faerie Queene, IL ix. 13.

VILLIERS (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Villiers (Nor-
mandy) = the Hamlet [L.Lat. villarius ;
f. Lat. villa, country-house, farm]

Les villaria, petits villages ou hameaux,
etaient composes de dix a douze feux, ou
families. — Cocheris, Noms de Lieu, p. 84.

As might be expected, Villiers is one of
the commonest French place-names.

VI N AL 1 (app. A.-Fr.-Lat. -1- E.) Bel. to Vine-
VINALLJ Hall (Sussex), form. Vynehall.

VINCE I a dim. of Vincent, q.v.

2 Vinn's (Son) : v. Vinn, Vincent.

VINCENT (A.-Fr..Lat.) Conquering [Fr.

Vincent, Lat. Vincentius ; f. vincens, -entis,

pres. part, of vincere, to conquer]

Roger Vincent. — Hund. Rolls.

VINCETT, an assim. form of Vincent, q.v.

VINE (A.-rr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Vine or Vine-
yard [Fr. vigne, a vine, vineyard ; Lat.
vinea, vineyard]

VINER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Vine-Grower, Vine-
Dresser [M.E. viner, vyner, vyn{o)ur =
Vine (q.v.) -1- the agent, suff. -er, etc. : cp.
Lat. vinitor, vine-dresser]

William le Viner. — Patent Rolls.

Symon le Vynur. — Hund. Rolls.

The modern Ft. vigner-on, 'vine-grower',
is commoner as a surname in France than
Vignier.

VINES, pi., and genit., of Vine, q.v.

VINEY (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Vigny, Vignay

(France) ; or Dweller at the Vineyard

[Lat. vinet-um (in Late Lat. the form

viniacumoilen occurs — i-dc-um replacing

the 'plantation' suff. -et-um), vineyard]

Vining

254

Vokin

VINING 1 prob. labio-dentalized forms
VINNING / (through Fr.) of Winning, q.v.

VINN, a dim. of Vincent, q.v.

VINRACE is prob. for Vineress, a fern, form
of Vinep (q.v.) : cp. Fr. vigneronne, 'female
vine-grower'.

The 'Genealogy of Vinyace', by Mr. Den-
nis Vinrace, is of too modern a character
to be of use to the philologist.

VINSON
VINSU

N|
Nj

ViNN's Son : v. Vinn, Vincent.

VINTER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Vintner [M.E. vineter,
O.Fr. vinetier ; f. Lat. vinet-um, vineyard]

William !e Vineter. — Hund. Rolls.

VIOLET \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i the flicwer-name ;

VIOLETT J also a complexion-nickname; perh.
also a dress-nickname [Fr. violet, violet-
coloured, violette, the violet ; dim. f. Lat.
viola, violet]

2 Dweller at a Path [Dial. Fr. violet,
dim. of viol, a path ; prob. f. a dim. ol Lat.

via, a way]

Violot is a Haute-Marne place-name.

VIPAN
VIPON
VIPOND

for Vipont, q.v.

VIPONT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) One from Vieuxpont

(Normandy) = the Old Bridge- [Fr.

vieux, O.Fr. vie{i)ls, Lat. vetulus — vetus,

oXd.+'Pr.pont, Lat. pons, pontis, a bridge]

This surname was Latinized de Veteri
Ponte.

There is a Vieuxpont in Calvados ; and
another in Orne.

VIRGIN "I (A.-Fr.-Lat.) surnames prob. derived

VIRGO Ifrom residence by a mediaeval im-

VIRGOEJ age of the Virgin [O.Fr. virgine

(Fr. vierge) ; Lat. virgo, -inis, a maiden]

VISICK, a West. Eng. form of Fishwick, q.v.

VITTERY (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Vitry (a com-
mon French place-name) = the Glass-
works [cp. Fr. vitrerie, the mod. meaning
of which is 'glaziery', 'glazier'^ woik' ; f.
vitre, Lat. vitr-iim. glass (cp. Lat. vitrari-us,
glass-maker]

VITTY (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the French Vitt^; prob.
f. the O.L.Ger. wit(t)ig = WiSE [O.Sax.
wit{t)ig=O.E. wit^ig,wise = Scana. vittig,
witty ; and cp. O.E. ivltega, wise man,

Cp. Witty.

prophet]

VIVASH "1 (Eng.) a West-Country surname

VIVEASH I said (with great probability) to

represent Five Ashes (Trees) [O.E. fif,

five ; asc, ash-tree]

Cp. the Devonshire place-name 'Five
Oaks'.

VIVIAN (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Lifeful [Fr. Vivien,

Vivian, Lat. Vivian-us ; f. Lat. viv-us,

living, lively]

Vivian, occ. found as Vivien, is a fairly
common name in our I3th-i6th cent,
records ; e.g., in the same Lane. Assize-
Roll of A.D. 1246 we find both forms of
the name.

VIZARD (A.-Fr.-Teut.) a French form of the

O.Teut.H'/iAarrf= Wisely or Prudently

Brave [O.Teut. wis, wise, prudent +

hard (O.E. h(e)ard), hard, brave]

Wisheard was the name of an A.-Sax.
ealdorman who witnessed a charter, dated
A.D. 809, of Coenwulf, king of the Mercians
and Kent.

VIZE = Vyse, q.v.

VIZER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Observer ; Overlooker

[Fr. viseur ; f. viser, to observe, aim — Lat.

visere, to observe]

John le Visur. — Hund. Rolls.

VOAK \ voiced or West-Country forms of
VOAKE I Foake or Fowke (Fouike), q.v.

VOAS ] (Teut.) Anglicized forms of the Dut.
VOCE \ and Low Ger. Vos (Fox), q.v. in the
VOSE J Appendix of Foreign Names.

VOEL (Celt.) Bald [a mutated farm of Wei.

tnoel, bald : cp. Wei. pen-foel (J as v),

bald-headed]

VOGEL (Ger.) Fowl: v. the Appendix of
Foreign Names.

VOGLER (Ger.) Fowler: v. the Appendix of
Foreign Names.

VOGT (Ger.) Overseer ; Bailiff ; Provost :
V. the Appendix of Foreign Names.

VOISEY (Fr.) Bel. to Voisey (Haute-Marne),
A.D. 1162 Voisie [sufl. early forms upon
which to come to a definite etymol. con-
clusion are not forthcoming : phonetically
Lat. visc-um, mistletoe, with the planta-
tion- suff. -et-um, would suit]

VOKES, a voiced (West-Country) form of
Foakes = Foulkes, q.v.

VOKIN, a form of Voak (q.v.) with the A.-Fr.
dim. suff. -in.
The French form is Fouquin.

Vokins

255

Waddon

VOKINS,VoKm's(Son).

VOLLER, a form of Vowlep = Fowlep, q.v.

VOSS (Teut.) an Anglicized form of the Dut.
and Low Ger. Vos (Fox).

VOULES, V. Vowles.

VOWELL"! (Eng.) voiced (West-Country)
VOWLE J forms of Fowell, Fowie, q.v.
(Celt.) for Voel, q.v.

VOWLER, a voiced (West-Country) form of
Fowlep, q.v.

VOWLES, Vowle's (Son) : v. Vowle.

VOX, a voiced (West-Country) form of Fox,
q.v.

John Vox. —

Sonts. Subsidy-Roll, A.D, 1327.

VOYCE (Fr.) Bel. to Voise (Eure-et-Loir), 13th
cent. Voisia [O.Fr. voyse, voise, a road]

VOYLE, a form of Fr. vieil=OiJ> : cp. Viel(e.

The French surname Voillard is con-
sidered to be a form of Fr. vieillard, 'old
man'.

VOYSEY = Voisey, q.v.

VYNER = Vinep, q.v.

VYSE (M.Lat.) Bel. to Vyse or Vise, an old
contr. of Devizes = the Marches [Devi-
zes was Diviste tp. Hen. I ; f. Lat. divisus,

a division]

VYVyTn} = Vivian, q.v.

w

WACE (A.-Fr.-Celt.) Servant, Vassal [Fr.
Wace, i. L.Lat. uass-us, uas-us, a servant; f.
Celt. : cp. O.Bret, uuas, mod. Bret, guaz
= Wei. & Corn, gwas, a youth, servant]

Geoffrey Wace. — Hund. Soils.
Wacius fil. Huberti. — do.
(Teut.) there has been interchanging
with Wass', q.v.

Cp. Vass.

WACKER (Teut.) Watchful, Alert [O.E.
wacor, wcec{c)er, etc. = Dut. wakker = Ger.
wacker, O.H.Ger. wackar = O.N. vakr,
watchful, alert (Dan.-Norw. vakker, vigo-
rous, valiant, noble]

The A.-Sax. form of the pers. name was
Wacer.

Wacker (i) Active : "He's a wacker little
chap." (2) Angry.— Diet-Kent. Dial., p. 183.

WACKETT (Teut. + Fr.) Watchful, Alert

[f. the Teut. root *wak, watchful, etc.

(seen in 'Hereward the Wake') + the

A.-Fr. dim. suff. ■et'\

Waket occurs several times as a sur-
name in the i3tli-cent. Hundred-Rolls.

WADDACOR^

WADDAKER

WADDECAR

(Eng.) Bel. to Weddicar or
Weddiker (Cumb.), I3tli-i4th
cent. Wedakre, Wedacre = the

WADDICAR > Weedy Field [O.E. wedd, a
weed -I- cEcer, a field]

In lyth-cent. Lane, and Chesh. records
the forms Waddaker, Waddicar, Wadiker,
and Wediker occur.

WADDELL \ (Eng.) i Dweller at Wada's Hill

WADDLE ] [M.E. Wadhull{e, A.-Sax. *Wad-

anhyll — Wadan- geuit. of Wada : v. under

Wade']
Robert de Wadhulle.—

Hund. Rolls (Beds).

2 the Domesday Wadel, A.-Sax. Wadel
[v. under Wade', and-f- the E. dim. suff. -el\

3 a nickname for one who waddles [E.
waddle, freq. of wade, O.E. wadan, to go]

WADDEN for Waddon, q v.

WADDIE 1 (Eng.) a form of the A.-Sax. pers.
WADDY J name Wada, with later E. dim. suff.

-ie, -y.
Cp. Wadey.

WADDILOVE (Eng.) for Wade-in-Love (a
nickname) [O.E. wadan, to go, advance,
wade; /«/«, love]
Henry Wadeinlove. —

Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.
Adam Wadinlof. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

WADDINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Waddington
(Yorks : 14th cent. Wadyngton ; Lines),
A.-Sax. *Wadinga-lun = the Estate of
THE Wada Family [v. under Wade', and
-I- -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing -f-
tiin, estate, etc.]

WADDLE: v.Waddell.

WADDON (Eng.) Bel. to Waddon (Surrey :

14th cent. Waddon ; Dorset, etc. : 13th

cent. Waddon) [O.E. dun, a hill: the

first element is prob. the A.-Sax. pers.

name Wada\

Waddrupp

A Waddiin is mentioned in the famous
will (c. A.D. 1002) of Wulfric SpoT, founder
of Burton Abbey.

WADDRUP(P for Wardrobe, q.v.

WADE (Eng.) i Dweller at a Ford [O.E.
ge)wad = O.N. udS, a lord]

Will' de Wade.—

Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1 199-1200.
Henry de la Wade. —

Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.

2 the common A.-Sax. pers. namelVada,

occ. Wade [f. O.E. wadan, to go, advance]

Wada [wefild] Hselsingura
(Wflrfe [ruled] the Hselsings). —

Widsie (The Traveller), 1. 46.

Wada was the name of one of the
ealdormen concerned in the murder of the
Northumbrian king ./Ethelred towards the
close of the eighth century.

Andrew Wade. — Hund. Rolls.

WADER (Eng.), occurring temp. Edw. I. in
Yorkshire as le waider, wayder (as an
occupation), seems to have denoted a
wading fisherman [f. O.E. wadan, to go,

wade]

WADESON, Wade's Son : v. Wade'.

WADEY = Wade' (q.v.)+the E. dim. suff. -y.

WAD HAM (Eng). Dweller at (prob.) Wada'S

Home [v. under Wade', and+O.E. hdm,

home, estate]

This surname occurs as Waddeham in
1522.

WADKIN I = Wade' (q.v.) + the E. (double)
dim. suff. -kin [O.L.Teut. -k-in\

2 for Watkin, q.v.

WAt)LEIGH \ (Eng.) Bel. to Wadley = (prob.)

WADLEY J Wada's Lea [v. under Wade',

and + O.E. ledh (M.E. ley, etc.]

There is a Wadley in Berks, and a
'Hugh de Wadele' occurs in the Norfolk
Hundred-Rolls.

WADLOW (Eng.) Bel. to Wadlow = Wada's
Hill or Tumulus [In a Latin charter
of Caedwalla, king of Wessex, dated A.D.
680 ('Cart. Sax', no. 50), we find Uuadan
hlceu, for A.-Sax. Wadan hldew — Wadan-
genit. of Wada (v. Wade') -1- O.E. hlikw,
mound, etc. ; and Wadelow occurs in a
Charter-Roll, a.d. 1322-3, relating to Beds.

WADMAN (Eng.) Wad's or Wade's Man
(-Servant) [v. Wade', and -1- E. man]

WADROPl
WADRUP.

256

Wagener

, i for Wardrobe, q.v.

WADSWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Wadsworth
(Yorks), 14th cent. Waddesworth, Domes-
day Wadeswrde = Wade's Estate [v.
Wade', and -1- O.E. wor^, estate, etc.]

WADWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Wadworth
(Yorks), 14th cent.Waddeworth, Domesday
Wadewrde = Wade'S or Wada's Estate
[v. Wade', and -|- O.E. wor^, estate, etc.]

WAFER, meton. for Waferer, q.v.

WAFERER (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Wafer - Cake
Maker or Seller [M.E. wafrer{e, waferer ;
f. (with agent, suff. -er) M.E, A.-Fr. wafre,
O.Fr. waufre (Fr. gaufre), a, wafer; of
Teut. orig. : cp. Dut. & Low Ger. wafel,

a wafer]

Waferers (male and female) apparently
went from house to house with their
wares and were evidently employed to
deliver private messages, often making
assignations, in the course of their calling,
as appears from Chaucer's "baudes,
wafereres" ('Cant. Tales' C 479) and the
reference to wafer-women in Beaumont
and Fletcher's 'Woman-Hater'.

WAG DEN 1 (Eng.) Dweller at (prob.) the

WAG DIN /Soft or Wet Valley [O.E. wdc,

soft -)- denu, valley : the c of wdc has been

voiced to g in the surname under the

influence of the following voiced letter d]

WAGER"! (Teut.) 14th cent. (Yorks) Wagur
WAGURj = Weigher [cp. Swed. wdgre =

Dut. weger= Ger. wager, weigher ; f. O.N.

uega = Dut. wegen = Ger. wdgen = O.E.
wegan, to carry, weigh]

WAGG (Scand.) i a nickname [f. M.E. waggen,

O.N. uaga (whence Swed. wagga) = O.E.

wagian, to wag, shake, waddle]

Wagge occurs as a surname in the
Yorks and Lines Hundred-Rolls.

2 Dweller at a Wall [M.E. waggle
(with the medial vowel prob. influenced
by 'wall' and O.E. wdh), O.N. uegg-r,
whence Swed. wdgg, Dan.-Norw. vceg =
M.Dut. weegh = O.E. wdg, wdh, a wall]

Cp. Waugh.

WAGG EN ER ] (Teut.) Wagoner [a comp.
WAGGONER I late formation (with E. agent.
WAGENER J sufi. -er) on Dut. wagen, a

wagon]
In 'Titus Andronicus', V. ii. 48, waggoner
is used in the sense of 'charioteer'.

Bardsley pertinently notes that 'James
Waggoner' was baptized at the Dutch
Church, London, in 1610.

Cp. Wainer.

Waggett

257

Wakley

WAGGETT 1 = Wagg' (q.v.) + the A.-Fr.
dim. sufl. -et.

2 a voiced form of Waokett, q.v.

WAGHORN UScand. or Scand. + E.) a

WAG HORN E I nickname for a Hornblower

or Trumpeter [see under Wagg', and +

O.Scand. and O.E. horn]

John Waghorne.—

Close Rolls, A.D. 1393-4.

WAGNER (Ger.) Wagoner : v. the Appendix
of Foreign Names ; and cp. Wainep.

WAG SPEAR (Scand. or Scand. + E.) a nick-
name synonymous with Shakespear(e,
q.v. [see under Wagg', and + O.N. spior
— O.E, spere, a spear]

WAGSTAFF "1 (Scand. or Scand. -i- E.) a

WAGSTAFFE J nickname for a wand^bearing

official, as a Beaple [see under Wagg',

and + O.N. staf-r = O.E. staf, a staff]

Walter Waggestaf.— /f«Brf. Rolls.

WAIDE = Wade, q.v.

WAIDSON = Wadeson, q.v.

WAIGHT I for Wait, q.v.

3 conf. with Wight, q.v.

WAILES = Wales, q.v.

WAI
WAI

vt- \ (Eng.) I melon, for Wainman, q.v.

2 a name f. the trade-sign of a Wagon
[O.E. wffi(ff)«]

WAINER (Eng.) Wagoner, Carter [O.E.

w<e{£)nere\

WAINMAN (Eng.) Wagoner, Carter [O.E.
w(e(g)n, a wagon, cart -|- man{n\

Johannes Wayneman. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

No carrier with any horse, nor wag-
goner, carter, nor waine-mdn, with any
waggon, cart, or waine ... —

Dalton, Countrey Justice, A.D. 1620 ;
T. Wright.

WAINWRIGHT \ (Eng.) Wagon - Maker,
WAINEWRIGHTJ Cartwright, Wheel-
wright [O.E. weB(g)n, awagon, cart, car- '
riage + wyrhta, a wright, maker]

WAISTELL = Wastell, q.v.

WAIT 1 (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Watchman [M.E.
WAITE \ wayte, &c., O.Fr. waite, O.Sax.
WAITT J O.H.Ger. wahia, a guard, watchman]

Robert le Wayte.— P«r/. Rolls.

Atte laste by fortune he [Sir Gareth]
cam to a castel, and ther he heard the
wattes uppon the' walles. —

Morte d Arthur, VII. xxx.

The corresponding mod. French sur-
name is Guet. "A Lille, I'agent de police
est appelg guet."

WAITES, the Waite's (Son) : v. Wait(e.

WAITHMAN (Eng. and Scand.) Hunter,

Huntsman [Scot, and N.E. : O.E. wd'S-

O.N. ueiS-r, the chase, hunting -1- manti]

The cognate German surname is

Weidmann. , ,

WAKE(Eng.)WATCHFUL,ALERT[f.O.E.a)a«a«,

ivcBc{c)an, to be awake, keep watch ; eogn.

with O.N. uakr, watchful]

Thomas le Wake. —

Plac. de quo Warr., A.D. 129 1-2.

WAKEFIELD (Eng.)vBel. to Wakefield (Yorks :
14th cent. Waykfeld, Wakfeld, 13th cent.
Wakefeld, Domesday Wachefeld (cAas k)
=the Soft or Wet Plain or Field.
[O.E. wdc, soft(=Dut. iwojtand O.N. uok-r,
moist, damp) -|- feli]

WAKEFORD (Eng.) Dweller at the Watch or

Guard Ford [O.E. wacu (as in niktwacu,

night-watch) + ford\

WAKEHAM (Eng.) Bel.' to Wakeham ; or

Dweller at or by the Watch-House [v.

under Wakeford, and + O.E. ham, a

house, dwelling]

WAKELEY I (Eng.) Bel. to Wakeley; or

WAKELY J Dweller at the Soft or Wet

Lea [v. under Wakefield, and -|- O.E.

ledh (M.E. ley]

'Wakeley, "Herts, is the Domesday
Wachelei.

WAKELING I *'°'^ WalkMn ■ v. Walklin.
Andrew Wakelyn. — Hund. Rolls.

WAKEMAN (Eng.) Watchman [O.E. wacu

+ man(n}
Johannes Wakeman. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

A horn is (or was until recently) blown
every night by the city wakeman of Ripon.

WAKER (Eng.) Watchful, Alert [M.E.
waker, O.E. wcecer, wacorj
The waker goos.^

Chaucer, Pari, of Foules, 358.

WAKLEY=Wakeley, q.v.

Walbom

258

Walford

WALBORN (Scand.) the O.Scand: Ualbiorn=
Slaughter or Deadly Bear [O.N. ual-r
= O.E.wcbI, slaughter, the slain + O.N.
biorn, bear (A.-Sax, has the term wcelwulf]

WALBY (Scand.) Bel. to Walby (Cumberland),

14th cent. Walby — the Wall-Dwelling(s

[Scand. wall + by]

The village appears to have derived its
name from its situation near the Roman
wall of Severus. — Nat. Gaz.

WALCH 1 ,,,„,„h „„
WALCHE [ =Walsh, q.v.

WALCOCK (Eng.) i = Wale (q.v.) \ +the E. pet
(occ.)2==Wald(q.v.) J suff. -coc*.

Walekoc— i^Mwd. Rolls.

WALCOT Y (Eng.)Bel. toWalcot(t (common);
WALCOTTJor Dweller at the Wall-Cot-
tage (i.e. a cottage enclosed by a wall)
[O.E. w{e)all + cot]

The Line. Walcots were Walcote in the
I3kh cent. : that near Alkborough is re-
ferred to in a spurious charter ('Cart. Sax.'
no. 22) as 'Walcote super Humbram.'
Walcott, Norf., was Walecot in the 13th
cent. Walcot, Wore, was Walecot in
the 1 2th cent. The Warw. Walcot was
Walecote in Domesday-Bk.

WALD (Teut.) Power, Might [f. O.E.

ge)w{e)ald = O.Sax. ^z)aiaM=Q.N. uald =

Goth, wald- =O.H.Ger. gi)walt]

Wald occurs as a royal name in
"Wi'dsitS' (1. 61). 'Wealda presbyter' wit-
nessed a charter dated a.d. 904. The mod.
Norweg. Vald (cp, O.N. vald-r, ruler)
sometimes weakens to Vail.

WALDEG RAVE for Walgrave, q.v.

The excrescent -de- occurs early, as we
find a 'Ric'us de Waldegrave' in the
Charter-Rolls A.D. 1383-5.

WALDEN (Eng.) I Bel. to Walden, 13th cent,
usually Waleden{e = (a) the Forest-
Valley [O.E. w{e)ald, a forest -|- denu, a

valley]
Abbas de Waleden (Essex). —

Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1234-5.

(6) the Welshmen's Valley [O.E.
Weala, genit. pi. of WealQi, a Welshman,

foreigner]

Walden, Herts, e.g., occurs repeatedly
as Wealadenu (dat., 'on Wealadetie") in
an A.-Sax. deed ('Dipl. Angl.-', pp. 649-50).

a the A.-Sax. pers. name W(e)alden=
Ruler, Governor [O.E. w{e)alden(d]

Walden fil. Gospatrick.— TVsta de Nevill.

WALDER (Eng.) the common A.-Sax. pers.

name W{e)aldhere = Mighty Army [O.E.

ge)w(e)ald, might, power + here, army]

A Waldhere was a 7th-cent. bishop of
London.

Cp. Walter.

WALDEVE \ (Eng.) the M.E. Waldeve,Waldief,

WALDIVE / Watdeof, A.-Sax. Wat^eof [O.E.

W(e)al(h, foreigner, Welshman +\>eof,thie{]

This (chiefly Northern).name, evid. orig.
a nickname of contempt, ultimately came
to be borne by some of the highest
Anglian dignitaries.

WALDEW = Walthew, q.v.

WALDIE = Wald (q.v.) + the E. dim. suff. -ie.

WALDING = Wald, q.v. + the 'son' suff. -ing.
Johannes Waldyng. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

WALDO = Wald (q.v.) -|- the Cont. Teut.
form. suff. -0.

WALDRAM I (Teut.) the O. Teut. Wald{h)ram,

WALDREN \ Wald{h)ramn, Walderan(n, &c.

WALDRON J = Mighty Raven [see under

Wald, and 4- O.Teut-. hram{n, ram(n, raven :

see Raven]

WALDY - Wald (q.v.) + the E. dim. suff. ->r.

WALE (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Wale, Wala, W{e)alh

= Foreigner, Welshman [O.E, W(e)alih

(fem. Wale) = O.H.Ger. WalQi]

Adam. "W ale.— Hund. Rolls.

WALES (Eng.) I Bel. to Wales, either the coun-
try or the Yorkshire parish (Doiilesday
Wales)lO.E. Wedlas, ploiWealh, aWelsh-

man]
Engle and Seaxe ...
Wedlas ofer c6mon. —
'Song 1 of Brunariburh' :

A.-Sax. Chron., A.D. 937.
Cecilia de Wales. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.
2 Wale's (Son) : v. Wale.

WALESBY (Eng. -|- Scand.) Bel. to Walesby
(Lines, Notts : 13th cent. W alesby, Domes-
day Walesbi) = Wale's Place [v. Wale,
and -t- O.N. b$-r, farmstead, &c.]

WALFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Walford = the
Welshmen's Ford \0.'K.Wedla, genit. pi.
of Weal{h, a Welshman -|- ford]
The Somerset Walford occurs as Weala-
ford in a charter dated A.D. 682 ('Cart.
Sax.' no. 62); the Heref. place is Wdlforde
in Domesday-Bk., and the Shropsh. town-

Walgrave

259

Wallon

ship Waleford and Walifordeia Domesday-
Bk.

Ric'us de Walleford. —

Charter-Rolls (Salop), A.D. 131 6- 17.

WALGRAVE (Eug.) Bel. to Walgrave (North-
ants), anc. Walgrave = the Wall-Grove
(grove by or enclosed by a wall) [O.E.
w{e)all + grdf]

Ace. to Burke, a 'John de Walgrave' was
SheriS of London a.d. 1205.

Cp. Waldegpave.

WALHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Walham or Welham :
V. Welham.

With Walham Green, M'sex, cp. the
Welham Greens of Herts and Kent.

WALKDEN (Eng.) Bel. to Walkden (Lane),
A.D. 1 5 14 Walkeden, 1408 Walkedene
[the first elem. is prob. tor O.E. W{e)alh,
Welshman: the second is O.E. denu, valley
(cp. the Walshedene of a Lane. Rentail a.d.

1323-4]

WALKER (Eng.) i Fuller or Thickener (of

cloth) [M.E. walker(e (M.Scot, walcar),

O.E. w(e)alcere ( = Dut. and Ger. walker) ;

f. O.E. w{e)alcan, to roll, turn, full]

Geoffrey le Walkere.— iy«wrf. Rolls.

She [Queen Guinevere] curst the weaver
and the walker
That clothe that had wrought. —
'The Boy and Mantle,' 53-4 : Bp. Percy's

Folio MS.

■ Wobstaris [weavers], walcaris, and
bonet makaris. —

Burgh Reeds. Aberdeen, A.D. 1531.

In the early Manchester directories all
the fullers and cloth-dressers were called
walkers. — Lane. Gloss., p. 276.

Walker, aNorthumbrian township, prob.
owes its name to a cloth-walker.

2 the A. -Sax. pers. name W{e)alchere,

earlier W(e)alhhere [f. O.E. W(e)alh,

foreigner, Welshman -f lure, army]

A Walcherviis an nth-cent, bishop of
Durham.

(late) 3 Pedestrian (a nickname) [same
etym. as i]

WALKINQTON (Eng.) Bel. to Walkington
(Yorks), 14th cent. Wdlkynton, Domesday
Walchinton, O. Angl. *Walhinga-tun = the
Estate of the Walh- Family [O.E.
W(e)alh, foreigner, Welshman -|- -inga,
genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing + tiin, estate,

farm, &c.]

WALK LATE ) (Eng.) a nickname for a sluggish

WALKLETT ) individual [f. M.E. walken, to

walk ; O.E. w{e)alcan, to roll, &e. -|- M.E.

late, O.E. IcBt. slow, sluggish]

WALKLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Walkley (Yorks)

[the first elem. is prob. for O.E. W{e)alh,

Welshman : the second is O.E. ledh (M.E.

ley), meadow]

WALKLIN 1 (A.-Fr.-Teut.) for the 14th cent.

WALK LING J Walkelyn, 13th cent. Walkelin,
ii-i2th cent. Walchelin, Domesday
Walchelin-us [f. M.H.Ger. Walch, O.H.
Gei.Walh, foreigner, Celt = O.E.W{e)alh, j
foreigner, Welshman -1- the Fr. double
dim. suff. -el'in]

Walc{h)elin was the name of an nth-
cent, bishop of Winchester.

WALKMILL (Eng.) Bel. to Walkmill;. or

Dweller at or by the Fulling-Mill

[M.E. walkmyln(e ; f. O.E. w(e)alcan, to roll,

turn, full + myln, a mill]

There are places called Walkmill in
Lane, Northumb., and Salop.

WALKSTER, orig. the fern, form of Walker,
q.v. [O.E. fem. agent, suff. -estre^

WALL (Eng.) Dweller at i a Wall [O.E.
w(e)all (Lat. uall-um']

2 a Well [M.E. and Dial. E. wall(e, a
well or spring ; for M.E. well(e, O.E. welle,

wiella, &c.]

The surnames ' atte Wall(e,' ' de la
Wall(e,' &e., are pretty common in our
I3th-i4th cent, rolls.

The village of Wall, Northumb., is near
the Roman Wall. Wall, Staffs, is on the
site of a Roman station.

= Walli8, q.v.

WALLACE 1
WALLAS J

Williame Wallace, wicht [active, strong]
and wyse. — Ring of the Roy Robert, 139.

In Henry the Minstrel's (Blind Harry's)
'Actis and Deidis of the Illustere and
Vailyeand Campioun Schir William Wal-
lace' (iS'h cent.) the spelling Wallas
('wicht Wallas') oec. occurs.

WALLAKER \ (Eng.) Dweller at the Well-

WALLIKER /Field or Spring-Field [v.

Wall', and -1- M.E. afe^-, O.E. ««?•, a field]

WALLAND (Eng.) Dweller at the WelL-Land
or Spring-Land [v. Wall', and + M.E.

O.E. land]

WALLEN ] (A.-Fr.-Lat.)WALLOON[Fr.praHo»;
WALLI N y f. Lat. Gall-us, a Gaul ( = O.H.Ger.
WALLON J Walh, a Celt]

26o

Waller

Walne

WALLER (Eng.) i Wall- Maker, Mason,
Bricklayer [M.E. waller{e ; M.E. ixial(h
O.E. w{e)aU, a wall -|- the agent, suff. -ere] '

Henry le Wallere.^Hund. Rolls.
In the M.E. period this trade-name was
Latinized murator and cementarius.

(occ.) 2 (Salt-)Boiler [f. M.E. walleti,
O.E. ■w(e)allan, to boil]

Wallers, n., Salt-Makprs.—

West Wore. Gloss. (1882), p. 33.

WALLET (A.-Fr.-Teut.) a nickname from the
bag so calledrM.E.MjflZrf, of uncertain (but
doubtless Fr.-Teut.) orig. : semantically
O.N. fiall = Dut. and M.(H.Ger. vel, a skin,
would suit, esp. if wall-et {-et dim. suff.) is
conn, with the stem of Fr. valise, a wallet ;
but there are, of course, phonetic difficul-
ties]

WALLEY (Eng.) i Dweller at the Wall (Em-
bankment) Lsland or Low Riparian
Land [O.E. w(e)all + ig, eg]
The Domesday name of Wallasey
(Cheshire) was Walea.

2 for Whalley, q.v,

WALLHAM, v. Walham, Welham.

WALLING (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Wealing =

Weal(h)'s Son [O.E. W{e)al[h, foreigner,

Welshman -|- the fil. suff. -ing]

occ. (A.-Fr.-Lat.) (with excresc. -g) for
Waller), Wallin, Wallon, q.v.

WALLING FORD (Eng.) Bel. to Wallingford
(Berks), 13th cent. Waling{e)ford, A.-Sax.
Welinga-ford, Wealinga-ford = the Ford
OF the Weal(h Family [O.E. Weal(h,
foreigner, Welshman -|- -inga, genit. pi.
of the 'son' suff. -ing -f ford]

' iElfred's 'Orosius' (V. xii.) has Welinga-
ford—

... neah \>ckm forda J>e man hcfet
Welingaford (. . . near the ford called
W ).

WALLINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wallington
(several in England) [y. under Walling-
ford, and + O.E. t^n, farm, estate]

The , Herts place is Wallingtone in
Domesday-Bk., whereas the Surrey village
occurs therein as Waletone (no doubt an
error).

Ralph de Walington.—

Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.
Walter Wallyngton. —

Inq. ad q. Damn,, tp. Hen. VL

WALLIS (A.-Fr.-Teut.) i Welshman, Celt
{K-Fr. Waleis, Waleys, Walais, Walays,
Walleys (Fr. Gallois, Welshman) ; L. Lat.
Walcnsis ; f. O.Teut. W(e)alh, foreigner^

Celt] ;
Ricardus Walensis. —

MSS. Dn. & Ch. Wells, c. A.D. 1185. ,
Maddok le Walays. — ■

Lane. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1246.
Roger le Waleis. —

Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.

Richard le Waleys. —

Lane. Fines, A.D. 1322.
John Walleys. —

Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1322-3.
Richard Walays. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

2 Of Wales [etym. as i (Fr. Pays de
Galles) : cp. O.E. W(e)alas (pi.), the

Welsh]

Adam de Waleys.^ —

Inq. ad q. Damn., A.I). i^oS-i}.

William de Waleis. —

Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1310-11.

King Willam [L] adauntede [subdued]
that folc of Walis.—

Rob. Glouc. Chron., 7668.

As Walys wes and als Irland. — ^Wyn-
toun, Oryg. Cron. Seotl. (Extr. f. early MS.
of The Bruee).

As Walis was and als Ireland.— Bar-' j
bour, The Bruce, I. 100 (ed. W. M. Mac-
kenzie).

Wallis is the mod. Scand. word for
'Wales.'

Cp. Wallace and Walsh.
WALLRAVEN, v.Walraven.
WALLS, pi., and genit., of Wall, q.v.
WALLWORK for Wal(l)wopth, q.v.

WALLWORTH, v. Walworth.

WALLWRIQHT (Eng.) MasOn [O.E. w{e)dll,
wall -h wyrhta, worker]

WALMERSLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Walmersley
(Lane), 13th cent. Walmeresley [the pers.
name (in the genitive) is either A.-Sax.
W{e)al{h)m(er (y.mider Wale, and + O.E.
mcbre, famous) or, less likely, A.-Sax.
W(e)aldmeer (O.E. ge)w(e)ald, power,
might) : \- O.E. /ra'A (M.E. fey), meadow]

(Eng.) Bel. to Walmsley
■ (Lane. : isth cent. Walmesley)
for Walmersley, q.v.

WALN \ syncopated forms of Wallan,
WALNE 1 Wallon, q.v.

WALMESLEY
WALMISLEY
WALMSLEY

Walpole

261

Walter

WALPOLE (Eng.) Bel. to Walpole (Norf. ;

Suff.}, 13th cent. Walepol, Walepole^the

Wall-Pool [O.E. w{e)all + pdl]

Robert de Walepole.—

Charter-Rolls (Suff.), A.D. 1267-8.

According to the National Gazetteer
(1868) Walpole St. Andrew and Walpole
St. Peter (Norf.) are both "situated on the
Roman sea-wall."

WALRAN for Walraven, q.v.

Walrann Oldman. — Hund. Rolls.

WALRAN D "1 (Teut.) the O.Ger. Walerand =

WALROND J Battle-Shield [O.H.Ger. wal

= O.E. wcbI, slaughter, battle, &c. -|-

O.Teut. rand (O.N. rond), a shield]

Walerand le Tyeis [v. Ty(e)ds]. —

Hund. Rolls.

WALRAVEN \ (Teut., esp. Scand.), the 13th-
WALRAVIN J cent IFa/ra/» (Camb.), Domes-
day Walraven (Line), early -nth- cent.
Wailr(efen= Deathly Raven [O.N. »aZ=
O.E. wcel, slaughter, death, &c. + O.N.
hrafn = O.E. hreefn (\atei r^fen), a raven]

Cp. Raven.

WALSALL (Eng.) Bel. to Walsall (Staff?),
i2th-i3tn cent. Walsale, Waleshale, nth
cent. Waleshale, a.d. roo2 Walesho =
Wal(h)'s Hill [the genit. of O.Merc.
Walh, Welshman -|- (i) ho, a hill, bluff;
(2) O.Merc. hal(d = O.N. hall-r (with
\ lost final dental) (=Ger. hfllde, O.H.Ger.
halda), a slope, hill]

Duignan ('Staffs Place-Names,' p. 159)
says that "some time in the 11 th cent,
the terminal changed to Aafe", which he
interprets as 'hall'— unhkely in this case,
as " the town was formerly confined to an
eminence." Post-Z d is often lost in local
nomenclature and in dialects. Through
not taking this fact into consideration
Canon Taylor was misled into confusing
O.West-Sax. feflZ((Z (M.E. AeZrf(e), 'slope',
'hill', f. heald(=0.^. hall-r), 'sloping', with
O.W. Sax. healQi, 'corner', 'nook'.

WALSBY, V. Walesby.

WALSH '1 (Eng.) Welshman, Celt [M.E.

WALSHE ) Watshe,&.c.; O.E.WeBlisc,W(e)alisc,

Welsh, foreign; f. W(e)al{h, Welshman,

foreigner]
John le Walshe.^

Lane. Fines, A.V. 1326.

. . . and Walshe [auditors of Chester].
—Vale-Royal Ledger-Bk., A.D. 1438-9.

Griffyn the Walshe.—

Piers Plowman, ■^12^.

Walschemen and Scottes. — Trevisa's

tr. (A.D. 1387) Higden's PolychronicoH

('de Incol. Ling.').

In the later colloquial [Irish] language

the word Breathnach = BTiton, Welshman,

has been confined in its application to

those who have adopted the family-name

I oi Walsh.— Joyce, Irish Pl.-Names, a. 123.

Cp. Wallace, Wallis.

WALSHAM 1 (A.-Scand.; Bel. to Walsham
WALSOM J (Norf. ; Suff.), 13th cent. Wals-
ham, Walesham = W^ls's Home [the
pers. name (v. Walsingham) is an Angli-
cization of the O.N. Ualsk-r (cogn. with
A.-Sax. WcbUsc), foreign, Celtic (mod.
Scand. Velsk, Welsh):— + O.E. hdm = O.N.
heim-r, home, estate]

Wtsls occurs as a pers. name in the
A.-Sax. poem 'B6owulf,' 1. 1798.

WALSHAW (Eng.) Bel. to Walshaw (Lane. :

14th cent. Walschdgh ; Yorks, &c.) =

I Wal(h)'s;Wood [O.E. w(e)alh, foreigner,

Welshman -|- scaga, a wood]

2 the Wall-Wood [O.E. w{e)all, a wall]

WALSHMAN (Eng.) Welshman : v. Walsh.

WALSINGHAM (A.-Scand.) Bel. to Walsing-
ham (Norf.), 13th cent. Walsynghani; A.-
Sax. Walsingahdm ('Dipl. Angl.', p. 563) =
the Home of the W^els Family [for the
pers. name see under Walsham, and -|-
-inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing -f- ham,
home, estate]

The shrine of Our Lady of Walsingham
was very famous for centuries ; and the
town is mentioned in old ballads-^e.g., '
in one beginning—

As yee came from the Holye Land
Of Walsingham ...

in 'Bp. Percy's Foho MS.' ; and also in
'Gentle Heardsman, tell to me', in the
same collection.

WALSTER (Eng.) the fem. form of Waller,
q.v. [O.E. fem. agent, suff. restre'\

WALTER (Teut.) Mighty Army [O.Teut:
Walther, ^Walthar, Waldhar, Waldheri,
&c. (A.-Sax. W{e)aldhere) — O.H.Ger.
gijwdlt = O. Sax. gt)wald = Goth, waldr
= O.E. ge)w(e)al3 = O.N. uald, might,
power -I- O.H.Ger. O.Sax. heri, hart =
Goth, harji-s = O.E. here = O.N. her-r,

army, host]

Walter' fil. Bernardi. —

CJuwter-Rolls, AS). 1201-6,

Walter Walrond.^-

Hund.-Rolls, A.D. 1274.

262

Walter

Wannop

The Domesday form is Walterus or
Walterius. The h of the second element
was dropped at an early period in
England, but is still retained in German.
Thus in the German translation ('Walt-
hari-lied') of the famous loth-cent. Latin
epic 'Waltharii Poesis' the hero is con-
sistently Walther; and this is the form in
the 'Nibelungenlied'.

Nu[now],brpJ'errWaHf«n',bro]>errmin. —
Ormulum (c. A.D. 1200), i.

The Old French forms of this Teut.
name were Walther, Gualter (as in the
'Chanson de Roland'), Gauter; mod. Fr.
forms are Gaultier, Gauihier, Gautier, &c.

Cp. Walder and Waters.

WALTERS, Waiter's (Son) \„ ,,,„n.„„
WALTERSON, Walter's Son f^' Walter.

WALTHAM(Eng.)Bel.toWaltham(acommon

Eng. place-name) = the Enclosure or

Dwelling by the Wood [O.E. w{e)aii, a

wood + ham{m, an enclosure, etc.]

The orig. d in the name was unvoiced
to t (through the influence of the following
aspirate) at an early period: thus, although
Waltham, Suss., was Uualdham in the 7th
cent., in the loth cent, it was Waltham;
and other Walthams were either Waltham
or Wealtham in the A.-Saxon period.

William de WaMham.—Hund. Rolls.

WALTHEF "I see the commoner (but less
WALTHEVE J correct) form Waldeve.

WALTHEW \ (Eng.) the A.-Sax. W{e)al{h)^e6w

WALTHO J = Foreign Slave [O.E. w{e)alh,

a foreigner, Welshman+jjeim), a slave,serf]

In 'Be6wulf' (11. 1229-30) this is the name
of a woman —
e(5de Wealh\>edwiov^, I went WealhtheowioTth,
cw6n Hr68gares. ] Hrothgar's queen.

WALTON (Eng.) Bel. to Walton (common) =

I the Farmstead or HXmlet enclosed by,

or situate near, a Wall [O.E. w(e)all, a

wall + tun, a farm, etc.]

2 the Farmstead or Hamlet by the

Wood [O.E. w{e)ald, a wood]

3 the Welshmen's or Serfs' Place
[O.E. w{e)ala, genit. pi. oiw(e)alh, Welsh-
man, serf]

This place-name occurs in Domesday-
Book variously as Waletone (the spelling,
e.g., of Walton-on-Thames and Walton-
on-the-Hill, L'pool), Waltone, Waletun,
Waletune.

Henr' de Waleton. —

Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1226-7.

William de Waleton. —

Lane. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1285.

Alicia de Walton. —

Yarks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

Richard Walton. —

Inq.ad q.Damri,, A.D. 1413-14.

Walton, Cumb., and West Walton,
Norf., owe their hame to proximity to a
Roman Wall.

WALTRbT = Walter (q.v.) -1- the Fr. dim.
sufF. -ot.

WALTSTER for Walster, q.v.

WALWORK for Walworth, q.v.

WALWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Walworth (Surrey:
Domesday Waleordd ; Durham : c. 1200
Waleurthe), A.-Sax. *W{e)ala-w0r^ i^ the
Welshmen's Farm [O.E. W{e)ala, genit.
pi. of W{e)al(h, Welshman -|- wo?S, farm,

enclosure]

WALWYN (Eng.) the A.-Sax. W(e)alhwine =

Foreign or Welsh Friend [O.E. w{e)alh,

foreigner, Welshman + wine, friend]

WAND (Eng.) a nickname from the MolE

[O.E. wand]

WANDS, Wand's (Son). '

WANDSWORTH (Celt. -f Eng.) Bel. to Wands-
worth, the Domesday Wandelesorde, A.- -
Sax. Wendles war's.

[The river-name (Wandle) is Celt, (with
dim. suff. -el), and allied to the Yorks R.
Went and the Wei. Afon [river] Wen,
■viz. wend, the early form of Wei.gwen {(.),
gwyn (m.) = Bret. ^g« = Gael, and \x.fionn
(O.Ir.^«i=Gaul. vind-), white, clear: with
regard to the second element, the A.-Sax.
form quoted above occurs in a Lat. +
A.-Sax. charter, dated a.d. 693 ('Cart. Sax.'
no. 82), which is prob. a spurious deed
fabricated centuries later ; and the land-
name is rather O.E. waro'S, bank, shore
(=Ger. werder, 'small island in a river',
M.H.Ger. werd, O.H.Ger. werid, warid,
island) than O.E. wor^, farm, estate]

WANE=Wain(e, q.v.

WANKLI
WANKLYN

|!^ 1 for Walklin, q.v.

WANNOP (Eng.) early forms seem to be
lacking {-op is prob. (as in other cases)
for O.E. hdp, a hollow ; while the first
element may be either O.E. wann, dark,
or 0.'E,.ge)wan, diminished, curtailed, with
ref. to the shape of the hollow]

Want

263

Wardlow

WANT (Eng.) a nickname from the Mole

[M.E. and Dial.E. wani{e, O.E. wand, a

mole (animal]

Walter le Wante.—

Plac. Dam. Cap. Westm.

In Wiltshire, in addition to want, the
forms woont and 'oont are used {Wilts
Gloss., p. 78).

WAPLE for Walpole, q.v.

WARBEY 1 (Scand.)earlyformslacking,butthe

WARBY J signif. is prob. 'UerS's Farmstead'

[O.N. uot^-r (genit. uar^ar) = O.E. w(e)ard,

watchman, guardian + 0,N.6j;-»-| farm, &c.]

WARBLE (Eng.) a descendant of the A.-Sax.

Wcerb(^e)ald = Faithfully Bold [O.E.

wckr, faith, fidelity, &c. + b{e)ald, bold]

WARBLETON (Eng.) Bel. to Warbleton

(Suss.), 13th cent. Warbeltone = W^er-

b(e)ald's Estate [v. under Warble, and

+ O.E. tun, estate, &c.]

WARBOISE I (Eng.) Bel. to Warboys (Hunts),

WARBOYS 13th cent. Wardeioys; loihceni.

WARBISS J Weardebusc = the Watch or

Guard Bush or Thicket [O.E. weard (f.),

genit. wearde,s. watching, guarding +6Mic]

WARBRECK\(Scand.) Bel. to Warbreck or

WARBRICK J Warbrick~(N. Lane). 13th cent.

Warthebrec = the Watch or Guard Hill

[O.N. uot^-r (genit. uarSar), a ward, watch

+ brekka, a slope, hill : cp. O.N. uar^berg^

watch-rock]

WARBURTON (Eng.) Bel. to Warburton
(Chesh.), A.D. 1 303-4 W«rJ<rto«= (the Lady;
Werburg's Manor or Estate [A.-Sax.
Werburge, genit. of Werburg -\- tun, estate,

&c.]

The parish-church of Warburton is
dedicated to St. Werburg, the Mercian
King Wulfhere's virgin daughter, who
was buried at Chester.

WARCOP](A..Scand.) Bel. to Warcop

WARCUP/(Westrad.), 13th cent. Warthecop,

Warthecopp = .the Watch or Guard

Hill-Top [v. under Warbreck, and + an

app. Scand. borrowing of O.E. copp, a

summit]

WARD 1 (Eng.) i Guard, Watchman,

WARDE I Keeper [M.E. ward{e, O.E. w(e)ard

(= O.Sax. ward = Goth, wards '= O.H.

Ger. wari]

Thomas le Ward. — Hund. Rolls.
John le Warde. — do.

Weard maSelode,
Jjcfer on wicge saet,
ambeht unforht.

(The) ward spake,
where on horse he sat,
officer fearless. —

Bedwulf, 577-9.

For any wye [man] or warde,
Wide opned the yates [gates].—

Piers Plowman, 12723-4.

2 0f the Watch or GuARD[M.E.a)a/-rf(g,
O.E. w{e)ard (f.), a watching, guarding]

Walter de la Wd^xde.— Hund. Rolls.

(Celt.) for the Irish and Gaelic Mac-an-

Bhaird (bh as ro) = Son of the Bard

[Ir. and Gael, mac, son -f- an, of the + the

asp. genit. of bard, a poet]

WARDALE ]

WARDELL } = Wardle, q.v.

WARDILL J

WARDEN (Ai-Fr,-Teut.) Guardian [A.-Fr.

wardein, O.Fr. gardein, guardian ; O.Fr.

garder, warder, to guard ; f. the Frank.

cogn.(cp.O.Sax.aiarrf^«)ofO.E.n;(a)arAa«,

to watch over]

(Eng.) Bel. to Warden (forWardon) =

the Ward- or Watch-Hill [v. under

Ward ; and -f- O.E. dAn, a hill]

William de Wardon. — Hund. Rolls.

Warden, Kent, e.g., was the A.-Sax.
Weardclun ; Warden, Beds, was the
Domesday Wardone; Warden Law [O.E.
hl(kw, a hill], Durh., was Wardon in the
Boldon Book.

WARDLAW (Scot.-Eng.) Dweller at the

Ward- or Watch-Hill [v. under

Ward ; and -|- O.E. hldsw, a hill]

There are several hills of this name in
Scotland.

WARDLE (Eng.) Bel. to Wardle ; or Dweller

at the Ward- or Watch-Hill [v: under

Warcl, and-l-M.E. hull, O.E. hyll, a hill]

Both the Chesh. and Lane. Wardle

were form. Wardhull.

WARDLEWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Wardleworth
(Lane.) = the Ward-Hill Farm [v.
under Wardle, Ward, and -|- O.E. wor^,

farm, &c.]

WARDLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Wardley ; or

Dweller at the Ward- or Watch-Lea

[v. under Ward, and + M.E. ley, O.E.

leak, a meadow]

WARDLOW (Eng.) Bel. to Wardlow (Derby) ;
or Dweller at the Ward- or WaTch-
HiLL [v. under Ward, and + O.E. hlcbw,

a hill]

Wardman

264

Warkworth

WARDMAN (Eng.) = Ward' (q.v.) + man
[O.E. w(e)ardmann, wdtchman, guard]

WARDOUR (Eng.) i Warder [v. Ward, and
+ the A.-Fr. agent, suff. -our]

2 Bel. to Wardour (Wilts), loth cent.
Weardora (aet Weard <&-a«^dat.), = the
Watch or Guard Bank or Shore [v.
under Ward, and + O.E. 6ra, a bank,

shore]

WARDROBE^ (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Keeper of the
WARDROP Wardrobe or Dress-
WARDROPE Chamber [M.E. ■ward(e)r:obe,
VVARDRUPP/ O.Fr. warderobe {Ft. garderobe) ;
f. OFr. warder, to guard (v. under Ward),
and robe, O.H.Ger. roup, roup, booty]

Thomas de la Wardrobe. —

Plac. deQuo Warr.
Adam de la Garderobe. — Cal. Inq. P.M.
Wymond of the Wardrop is my richt
name.^-Taill of Rauf Coilyear, 221.

WARDROPER "1 =Wardrop(e, Wardrobe,
WARDROPPER f (q.v.) + the agent, suff. -er.

WARE (Eng.) i Bel. to Ware ; or Dweller at

the Weir or Dam [M.E. ivcwie, wer{fi, O.E.

zu«>-=Low Ger. ware, a weir]

Henry de Ware. — Hund. Rolls.

Ralph de la 'Wa.xe.—Hund. Rolls.

Ware, Herts, was Waras (a pi. form) in
Domesday-Bk.

' 2 Wary, Astute, Prudent [M.E.
war{e, O.E. wter]
Thorn' le Waire. —

Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1 199-1200.
Ant in werre [war] war ant wys.—

Death of King Edw. I., 1. 14.
verray fooles, nyce and blynd ben ye I
Ther n'is nat oon can war by other be 1
Chaucer, Troil. & Cris., i. 202-3.

What man so wise, what earthly witt
so ware...? —

Spenser, Faerie Queene, I. vii. i.

Cp. Warr(e.

WAREHAM 1 (Eng.) Bel. to i Wareham (Dor-
WAREAM Uet), A. -Sax. Chro^. A.D. 876
WARHAM ] Werham = the Weir - En-
closure or -Dwelling f O.E. wer, weir -f-
ham{m, enclosure, &c.]

2 Warham (Norf.), 13th cent. Warham
[same etym.]

WAREING = Warm(g, q.v.

WARGRAVE (Eng.) Bel. to Wargrave (Berks),
14th cent. Weregrave, Domesday Wer-

grave = the Weir-Grove [O.E, wer, weir
+ grdf, grove]

WARHURST (Eng.) Dweller at the Weir-
Wood [O.E. wer, weir + hyrst, wood,

copse]

WAR IN l (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the French Warin,
WARING J Guarin, Guerin, Gerin ('Chanson de
Roland'), O.Teut.iri2>-m(o, Werin(o, found
very commonly as a single name and also
freq. in compound names like Warinbald,
Warinbert, Warinfrid, Werinbald, Werin-
hard, &c. Warino, Werin, Werina (f.),
Werino, occur, e.g., in Heyne's coUeption
of gth-i ith cent. Old Low Ger. names
('Altniederdeutsche Eigennamen')
[usually said to be f. O.H.Ger. weri (mod.
wehr) = O.E. waru, defence, protection ;
but much more likely to be (with dim.
suff. -in) f. O.H.Ger. and O.L.Ger. war
(mod. Ger. wahr), iuct- = M.Dut. (14th
cent.) waer (mod. Dutch waar) = O.E.
wckr, true — ^^cogn. with Lat. ver-us, true]

Warin-us (common).— Domesday-Bk.

Warin de la Stane, — Hund. Rolls.

Ivo fil. Guariu. — Patent Rolls.

The form with added -g seems to make
its first (genuine) appearance in the i6th-
cent. —

Richard Warynge. —

Lane. Fines, A.D. 1528.

Quant assez eust Charlemaine ris et
joie men6e, lors fut command6 au due
Guarin de Monglainne qu'il gabast [O.Fr,
gaber, to jest].— G{u)arin de Monglane, 176.

WARK 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Wark ; or Dweller at
WARKEjor by the Fort or Castle [M.E.
werk{e, O.E. ge)we{o)rc, a work, fortifica-
tion]

And Jiaes on Eastron worhte Alfred
cyning l;#t!e werede geweorc aet i£|>elinga
eigge.

(And aftefwards, at Easter, King
.£ltred, with a small company, built a
fort (work) at Athelney).-—

A.-Sax. Chron., A.D. 878.
Galfridus de Werk, c. A.D. 1300.—

Coldstream Chartulary, p. 42.

At Wark, Carham, Northumb., " are
traces o£ a border castle."

WARKWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Warkworth =

the Fort- or Castle-Farm [v. under

Wark, and -|- O.E. voor^, a farm, &c.]

At Warkworth (a.d. i 199-1200 Werh-
wurthe), Northumb., "the castle stands
on a rock".

\ Warland

26s

Warren

WARLAND (Eng.) Dweller at the Weir-
\ Land [v. under Ware', and + M.E. O.E.
\ '««<*]

W^RLEY (Eng.) 1 Bel. to Warley (fairly

\ common) , usually = the Weir-Lea [v.

(under Ware', and + M.E. ley, O.E. leak,

1 a meadow]

1 Warley, Yorks, is the Domesday H^erZa.
Gt. Warley, Essex, was Werleye Magna,
A.D. 1320-1.

But Warley, Wore, I3th-i4th cent.
Werweleye, Weruelege, Domesday Wer-
welie, evid. has ah A.-Sax. compound
pers. name for its first element, prob.
*Wieraieard.

(occ.) 2 for Ward ley, q.v.
WARLOW for Ward low, q.v. '

In addition to the fairly common 'de
Werne' in Soms. i3th-i4th cent, records
we also find 'atte Werne'.

WARNER (A.-Fr.-Teut.) i the French War-
mer, Guamier, Guamer,' Giimier, O.
Teut. Warinherii, Warinhar(i, Werinherii,
Wemhere, &c. [v. under Warin, and +
O.Sax. O.H.Ger. heri, hart = O.E, here
= O.N. her-r '= Goth, harji-s, army]

' Warner-US is the form in Domesday-
Bk. and the i2th-cent. Pipe-Rolls ; War-
ner and Wariner (le Botiler) occur in the
i3th-cent. Hundred-Rolls.

2 a contr. of Warrener, q.v.
Richard le Warner. — Hund. Rolls-
Watte the Warner. —

Piers Plowman, 3107.

WARLTERS, a corrupt form of Walters, q.v. WARNES, Warn(e)'s (Son) : v. Warn(e'.

WARMAN (Eng.) i the A.-Sax. WcBrmann=
True Man [v. under Warin(g, and -|-

O.E. manti]

2 Weir-Man [v. under Ware']

3 for Warmund, q.v.

WARMBY for Wharmby, q.v.

WARMINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Warmjngton
(Northants : 13th cent. Wermington, loth
cent. Wermingiiin, Wyrmingtun ; Warw. :
13th cent. Warmyntan, Domesday War-
mintone) = the Estate of the Wyrm(a
Family [the pers. name is f. O.E. wyrm
(= O.N. orm-r), serpent, dragon + -inga,
genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing 4- tin,
estate, farm, &c.J

WARMOND "1 (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Warmund =

WARM U N D J True or Faithful Protector

[O.E. wAr, true, &c. + mund, hand, pro-

T tection, protector]

Ace. to the A. -Saxon genealogies a
Pr<srwiM«<i was an ancestor of the Mercian
kings.

WARN
WARNE .

The forms Wamo and Werno, contr. of
Warino and Werino, occur in O.Ger-
records.

Roger Watne. — Hund. Rolls-

2 a contr. of Warren, q.v.

(A..CeIt.) Bel. to Wearn (Soms.), 13th

cent. Werne, loth cent. Wefn{e ('Cart.

Sax.' no. 1294) [prob. Yfel. gwem, marsh,

meadow; alder-grove]

. } (A.-Fr.-Teut.) 1= Warin, q.v.

WARNETT, the French Wamet = Warn(e,
Warin (q.v.) -1- the Fr. dim, suff. -et.

We also find the Fr. form Warinot
\r0t, dim. suff.] in our i3th-cent. rolls.

WARNFORD \ (Eng.) Bel. to Warnford

WARNEFORDJ(Hants: loth cent, 'of \&m

[from the] Waranford^, 'aet Wemteforda' —

dat.; Soras.,&c.)= the Troop or Military

Ford [O.E. wearn, a troop -|- ford\

WARNHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Warnham (Suss.),

13th cent. Warneham = (^xoh.) Wernas

Home or Estate [v. under Warn(e,

Warin, and -f O.E. hdm, home, &c.]

WARNICK 1 (Teut.) = Warn(e> (q.v.) -f- the
WARNOCK J dim. suff. -ic, -oc.

=E}=Ware.q.v.

Henry atte Warr. —

Soms. Subs.-Roll, A,D. 1327.

John la Warre. — Lane- Fines, A-J). 1310.

WARRACK, like Warrick, for Warwick, q.v.

WARRALLl (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the French Warel,

WARRELL J Garel (later Gareau) [f. the Teut.

stem seen under Warin ; and -|- the Fr.

dim. suff. -el\

(Eng.) for Worrall, q.v.

WARRAN for Warren, q.v.

WARREN (A.-Fr.-Teut.) i Dweller at, or
Keeper of, a Game-Preserve [M.E.
wareine, wareyne. Sec, O.Fr. warenne
(Fr. garenne), L.Lat. warenna, a warren ;
f. O.Teut. ivarian, to preserve, protect,

kinder]

266

Warrender

Wase

Hamelius de Waren'.—

Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1 200-1.
John de Warenne. —

Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.
Joh'es de Warenna comes Surr'. —

Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1338.
There is a village called Garennes in
the Eure Dept., Normandy.

2 for Wapin, q.v.

Warren-US deEngayne 1 Testa de Nevill.
Warm-US de Engayne J

WARRENDER for Warrener, q.v.

WARREN
WARRI

;ner|W

NER I ["

A.-Fr.-Teut.) Warren-Keeper

v. under Warren', and -|- the

E. agent, suff. -er]

William le Warenner. — Hund. Rolls.

When the buckes take the does,
Then the viarriner knowes
There are rabbets in breeding. —

Cobbes Prophecies, &c. (Madrigals),
A.D. 1614.

The French form is Garennier.

Cp. Warner'.
WARRENS, pi., and genit., of Warren, q.v.
WARRICK for Warwick, q.v.
WARRICKER for Warwioker, q.v.
WARRI N,v. Warren.
WARRING, v. Waring.

WARRINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Warrington
(Lane), 14th cent. Weryngton, 13th cent.
Weringtott, 12th cent. Wlinton, Domesday
Walintune, A.-Sax. *W(e)al(h)inga-tun =
the Estate of the W(e)alh Family
[O.E. W(e)alh, Welshman, foreigner -|-
-inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing + tun,
estate, farm, &c.]

The earliest forms virith -/- cannot be
ignored : the / — ;- interchange is a well-
known phonetic characteristic of the
A.-Norman period.

The Bucks hamlet Warrington may,
however, represent an A.-Sax. *Waringa-
tiin, 'the Estate of the Waer- Family.'

WARRY (Scot.-E.) True [M.Scot, warray,
werray ; f. O.E. wckr, true, with later dim.

suff. -J/]

WARSON, Warr's Son : v. Warr, Ware,

esp. 2.

WARTH (Eng.) Dweller at a River-Bank

or a Shore [O.E. iwaj-otS]

Dialectally, warth sometimes denotes
a river-side meadow. In the North,

where the word occ. has the meaning
'ford', there has evid. been confusion with
O.N. Ma«, a ford.

WARTON (Eng.) I Bel. to Warton (N. Laac,

two, both occurring in Domesday-Bk. as

Wartun; Northumb.) = the Weir-Farm

[O.E. wer, weir, dam -|- tun, farm, &c.]

The Wertun occurring in a (Latin) grant
by King .^Ethelstan to St. Cuthbert's,
Durham ('Cart. Sax.' no. 685), app. does
not refer to the Northumb. Warton.

2 Bel. to Warton or Waverton (Warw. ■
13th cent. Wavertone, Waverton) = the
Aspen-Poplar Farm [the woird waver
seems to have been applied to the aspen-
poplar ; f. O.E. wcefre, wavering, flickering]

There has probably been some con-
fusion with Wharton.

WARWICK \(Eng.) i Bel. to Warwick
WARWICKE J .(Warw.), 13th cent. Warewyk,
Warewyck, 12th cent. Warewic, Domes-
day Warwic, A.-Sax. Chron. a.d. 914-915
Wckrinc wlc, 'set Wdzring wicum'; Latin
charter dated A.D. 710, but written cen-
turies later, 'in plaga Warewicensi
('Cart. Sax.' no. 127); for orig. Wtkringa
wicum (dat. pi.) = (at) the Camp or
Fortified Place of the W^r- Family
[the pers. name is f. O.E. wckr, true +
-inga, genit. pi. of the 'son' suff. -ing +
wlc, dat. pi. wicum ; sg. dwelling(s, pi.
camp, fortress]

The spellings- of the name in the 14th-
15th cent. MSS. of the famous 'Guy of
Warwick' are noteworthy —

Gye he hyght of Warwykk. — 1. 123.

1 hyght Gye of Warwyke. — 1. 5973.

(Camb. MS. Ff. 2, 38).

Gij of Warwike his name Was. — 1. 157.
(Auchinleck MS,).

Guyeof Warrewik his name was. — 1. 157.
(Caius MS.).

2 Bel, to Warwick (Cumb.), 13th cent,
Wardswyk, Wardwyk, Warthwik = the
Guard's or Watchman's Place [0.(N.)E.
ward = O.N. uortS-r, watchman, &c. •\-

O.E. wic, dwelling(s, &c.]

WARWICKER = Warwick (q.v.) + the E.
agent, suff. -er.

WASE (Eng.) Dweller at a Muddy or
Marshy Place [0;E. wase, mud, marsh
= O.H.Ger. waso, damp soil, sward]

(A.-Fr.-Celt.) = Wace, q.v.

Philip Wase.— if««d. Rolls.

Washbourn(e

267

Waters

WASHBOURN(E T (Eng.) Bel. to Washbourne

WASHBURN(E f (Glouc: Domesday Wasse-

\ borne; Devon: 13th cent. Wasseburne;

\ Wore, &c.) = the Flood-Brook, i.e.

\ a brook liable to flooding [O.E. ge)wcBsc,

a flood, overflow + bume, a stream]

WASHINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Washington
(Suss., Durham, Derby), A.-Sax. Hwtesis)-
inga-tlin=t\xe Estate of the HwiEs(s-
Family [the pers. name is f. O.E. hwais{s
(= O.H.Ger. h)was), sharp, keen + -inga,
genit. pL of the fil. suff. -ing + tun,
estate, farm, &c.]
The Sussex place occurs in the loth
cent, as Wasinga-tun, Wassinga-tiin, and
Hwessinga-tun ; the Durham village was
Wessinton in the 13th cent., Wassyngton
in the 12th cent. (Boldon Book) ; the
Derbyshire township is also known as
Wessington.

The ancestors of the first President of
\, the United States are believed to have
come from the Durham village.

WASON, Wase's, or Wage's Son : v. Wase',
Wace.

WASS "1 (Eng.) I Bel. to Wass (Yorks), app.
WASSE J a form of Wase : v. Wase.

(occ.) 2 Sharp, Keen [O.E. hwcesis =
O.H.Ger. h)was\

(A.-Fr.-Celt.) = Waoe, q.v.

' Waso. — Domesday-Bk.

WASSELIN (A.-Fr.-Teut.) 13th cent. Wascelin,
Wascelyn, Wacelin, Wacelyn [f. O.H.Ger.
hjwas, sharp, keen + the Fr. double dim.

suff. -el-in]

WASTALL

WASTEL

WASTELL

meton. for Wastelep, q.v.

WASTELER (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Cake -Maker

[M.E. wastekr; f. M.E. A,-Fr, wasteHl

(Fr. gateau), cake or bread of superior

quality ; O.Fr. gastel, O.H.Ger. wastet]

Of smale [small] houndes hadde she that

she fedde
With rosted flessh, or milk and wastel

breed [bread].—

Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 146-7.

WATCH FIELD (Eng.) Bel. to Watchfield

(Berks, Soms., &c,) ; or Dweller at the

Watch-Field, i.e. the Field of the Watch-

House [O.E. w(ecce(n), a watch, vigil -I-

feld, a field, plain]

Watchfield, Berks, the Domesday
Wachenestfeld, occurs in the 8th and 9th
ceat.dLsWacenesfeld. A charter ('Cart.

Sax', no. 67s), dated A.D. 931, but prob. an
nth cent, copy, has the form Wachenesfeld
(twice) and also Wceclesfeld. The late Prof.
Skeat has a long and careful note on this
name in his 'Place-Names of Berkshire'
(p. 42) ; but I differ entirely from his con-
clusions. He interprets as 'Wacol's Field',
because, he says, the form Wceclesfeld
"makes far better sense". It is true that
O.E. wacen, wcecen, orwceccen, is usually in-
flected as a fem. noun ; but nouns ending
in -en are also common to the neuter
and masc. inflections with genit. -es.
Besides, the phonetics are against Wcecles-
feld being the true orig. form ; and
analogy shows A.-Sax. Weed- commonly
yielding a mod. Wall-.

WATCHORN (Eng.) Dweller at a Watch or

LooK-OuT Horn-shaped Hill [O.E.

wcBcce -H horti]

WATERALL (A.-Fr.-Teut.) repr. the M. French
Gauterel, mod, Gautereau, Gautreau ; f. (with
dim. suff. -eT) Gauter, Gautier, Gualter.
O. Teut. Walther : v. Walter.

WATERER (Eng.) Dweller by the Water
[O.E. wceter -\- the agent, suff. -ere]

Cp. Brooken.

WATERFIELD (Eng.) Dweller at the Water(y
Field [O.E. wceter + feld]

WATERHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at the House
by the Water [O.E. wceter + htis]

There is a place called Waterhouses in
Durham.

WATERLEADER (Eng.) Water-Carrier

[M.E. waterleder ; f, O.E. wceter + a der.

of Udan (M.E. leden), to lead, carry]

WATERLOW (Teut.) If this name were English
it would mean the 'Mound [O.E. hlcew^ by
the Water'; but it seems to be an Angli-
cization of the Belgian Waterloo = the
Water(y Lea [Flem. water + loo (00 as 0)
= O.E. ledh, meadow,]

WATERMAN (Eng.) i Boatman, Ferryman

lO.E. wceter -\-mann]

Adam le Wateiman.—Hund. Soils.

2 occ. for the M.E. Wa{l)terman, i.e.

Wa(l)ter's Man (-Servant) [v. Walter,

and cp. Waters]

WATERS, a form of Walters, q.v., the form
doubtless being mainly due to the French
homogetietic Wauter, Waut{h)ier.

The occurrence of Waters as the name
of noblemen in two ballads in (among
others) the Percy collection, viz. 'Young
Waters' and 'Child Waters' (see the quot.
under ChMd(e), suggests that the -s in

268

Waters on

Wattson

some cases is not the Eng. genit. but the
O.Fr. formative (nom.) suft., as in "li
quens Gualters" (the Count Walter) of
the ' Chanson de Roland', 1. 800. 'Child
Waters' was translated into German with
the title 'Graf [Earl] Walter.'

WATERSON, a form of Walterson, q.v.: cp.
Waters. ^
Johannes Wauterson. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

WATERWORTH (Eng.) Dweller at the Farm
or Estate by the Water [O.E. wteter +

WATES = Waites, q.v.

WATFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Watford (Herts:

13th cent. Wateford, loth cent. Watford —

'Cart. Sax.' no. 812; Northants : 13th'

cent. Watforde) = the Hurdle-Ford

[O.E. wat-el, wattle, hurdle + ford]

WATH \ (Scand.) Bel. to Wath ; or Dweller
WATHE J at the Ford [O.N. aaS]

The Yorks Waths occur in Domesday-
Bk. as Wat or Wate.

WATKIN, a double dim. of Walter", q.v.
[E. dim. snS. -kin, O.L.Teut. -k-in]

WATKINS, Watkin's (Son) "1

. - ^|v.

Watkin.

WATKIN SON, Watkin's Son J

WATKISS, an assim. form of Watkins, q.v.

WATLING (Eng.) i the A.-Sax. pers. name
Wailing, Wcetling = WiETL(A)'s Son [the
pers. name is doubtless a nickname f.

O.E. watla, a swathe, bandage : 1- the

'son' suff. -ing\

Wailing occurs as the name of a tenant
in the Boldon Book (Durham, 12th cent.)

Geoffrey Wateling.—ffM«i. Rolls (Norf.)

2 occ. short for Watlington, q.v.

WATLINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Watlington
(Oxon : 13th cent. Watlington, 9th cent.
Uuaetlinctun, W(Btling[a\tun ; Norf.: 13th
cent. Watlington) = the Estate of the
W.«tl(a Family [v. Watling: -inga,
genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing + tiin, farm,

estate, &c.]

WATMAN, Wat's or Watt's MAN(-Servant) :
V. Watt.

WATMOUGH"! (Teut,) Wat's Relative, more
WATMUFF /specif. Brother-in-Law [v.
Watt ; and + North. E. mough, maugh,
brother-in-law, f. O.N. mdg-r, brother-in-
law, father-in-law, son-in-law = O.E.
magu, mdga, kinsman, son]

Robert Watmaghe.^—

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

WATNEY (Eng.) Early forms seem to be
lacking: phonetically the name reprt-ji
sents an A. -Sax. *Watanig = 'Wata's
Island or Riparian Land' [O.E. ig,

island, &c.]

WATSHORN for Watohorn, q.v.

WATSON \ Wat's or Watt's Son : v.
WATSOUNJ Watt.

In the Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379, we
find both Watsonaxid Wattson as surnames.

Robertas Watsoun de Yselye, A.D.
1537-8. — Coldstream Chartulary, p. 86.

WATT, a dim. of Walter, q.v.

Watte the warner; —

Piers Plowman, 3107.

A hundred thousand Kentishmen
gathered round Wat Tyler of Essex. —

Green, Hist. Eng. People, p. 486.

WATTERS, like Waters, a form of Walters,
q.v.

WATTERSON, like Waterson, a forin of
Walterson, q.v.

WATTIE =Watt (q.v.) -|- the E. dim. suff. -U.

WATTIS=Wattie's (Son) : v. Wattie.

WATTLEWORTH, aa assim. form of Ward le-
worth, q.v.

WATTON (Eng.), Bel. to Watton (Yorks:
Domesday Wattune; Herts: Domesday'.
Watone; Norf.), 13th cent. Watton (a%d
normally A.-Sax. *Watan-tlin (cp. Watan^
cumb, 'Cart. Sax.' no. 246) = Wata's
Estate \_Watan-, genit. of Wata + tin,
estate, farm, etc.]

Wattune occurs in a Latin charter (c.
A.D. 970) to Westminster Abbey. Watton,
Yorks, has been identified with the Veta-
dun of Baeda's 'Hist. Eccl.', V. iii. If the
identification and the form are correct the
second element in this case is O.E. diin,
'hill.' And as Wsitton, Herts, occurs
several times as Wadtiin in an A.-Sax.
manor-record ('Dipl. Augl.', p. 650), this is
doubtless 'Wada's Estate.'

WATTS, Watt's (Son) 1 ,,, . .
WATTSON, Watt's Son f "■ ***"•

William Wattes.— /f«»rf. Rolls.

Cp. Watson.

Wauchope

269

Weare

WAUCHOP(E (Scot.-Eng.) Bel. to Wauchope

(Dumfr.), 14th cent. Wdchop, Walghopp,

13th cent. Waluchop = the Welsh Hope

or Hill-Recess [O.N.E. walk, Briton,

Welshman -|- -hop : v. Hope]

WAUDE } (^"80 forms of Wold, q.v.

Thomas de la Waude. — Hund. Rolls.

Wauds, sb.pl., Wolds : thus the ridge of
hills in the East, and part of the North
Riding of Yorksliire is called ; and some-
times the country adjoining is called the
wauds.^

Brokeshy; Ray's North-Ctry. Wds. (1691).

WAUGH (N.Eng.andScot.)Dwellerat a Wall
[O.E. wag, wdh; whence Scot, waugh,
wauch, a wall]
Willelmus Wahh.—

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

As this is more specifically a Border
name, the Wall in question is doubtless
Hadrian's.

WAVERLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Waverley (Surrey),

I3th-i4th cent. Waverley, Waverle = the

Waver-Lea [see under Waverton, and

-1- M.E. ley, le, &c., O.E. ledh, a meadow]

Abb' de Waverle. —

Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1331.

WAVERTON (Eng.) Bel. to Waverton (Cumb.:
1 3th cent. Waverton; Chesh.) = the Waver
Enclosure or Farmstead.

The Cumb. place is on the River Waver.
Waver [O.E. wck^re, flickering, wavering]
seems to have been used as a name for
the aspen or trembling poplar (cp.
'Wavertree,' Lane; also: "Wavers, yonng
timberlings left standing in a fallen wood"
— E. Yorks Gloss., 1788); and our Waver
and Weaver streams were app. so called
from the prevalence of this tree along their
banks: cp. Ash-Brook, Willow-Brook,
Withy-Brook, Alder-Brook, Eller-Beck,
EUer-Burn, &c.

WAY 1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Path or Road
WAYE ; [M.E. wey{e, O.E. weg'\

Thomas de la Weye. — Hund. Rolls.

WAYGOOD (Eng.) a descendant of the A. -Sax.

pers. name Wigod= War-God [O.E. wig,

I war + god, a god]

WAYLAND (Eng.) i Bel. to Wayland (Norf.),

13th cent. Wayland, Weyland, Weylond,

&c. = the Way-Land [O.E. weg, a way^

path -I- lani\

2 the A.-Sax. mythological and ^ers.
name Weland, as in 'Welandes smitSSe'

('Cart. Sax.' no. 908), Weland's Smithy, i.e.
Wayland Smith's Cave, Berks ; and in
'Welandes stocc'CCS.' no. 603), Bucks.
And some of the chroniclers give Weland
(evid. Anglicized) as the name of a Danish
invader of England a.d. 860-1.

[The second element seems to be really
-land, not -andai anger, zeal, and the name
prob: repr. O.E. wea(l)land,(oxe\gn land,
the inference being that the characteriza-
tion of the heroic Weland, Super-Smith,
(Teut.) Vulcan, is based on a real pre-
historic persotiage, a smith of exceptional
fame, who received from the Saxons a
nickname appropriate to an apparently
foreign origin. The synonymous O.Norse
Volund-r and O.H.Ger. Wielant do not
correspond in form, a fact which prob.
f points in these cases to borrowing from 1
the Saxons before the migratory period]

it is Hraedla's relic (or

legacy),
Weland's work. —

Bedwulf, 913-14.

liaet is Hraedlan

laf,

Welandes geweorc

Cp. Welland.
WAYLETT, V. Wallett
WAYMAN (Eng.) i = Way (q.v) -f- E. man.

2 for Waithman, q.v.
WAYMOUTH for Weymouth, q.v.
WAYNE = Waine, q.v.
WAY RE = Ware, q.v.

WAYTE}=Wait(e,q.v.

WAYTH 1 ^ yNeXM^ Q v
WAYTHE f watnie, q.v.

WEAFER = Weaver, q.v.

WEAKLEY = Weekley, q.v.

WEAKLIN = Wakelin, q.v.

WEAL 1 (Eng.) i Dweller at a Well [O.E.
WEALE I wiellal

WEAL L J 2 = Wale, q.v.

WEALD (Eng.) Dweller at a Weald or
Forest [O.E. weald]

WEALTHY for Walthew, q.v.

(Eng.) Dweller at a Weir [M.E.
wer{ei O.E. wer, weir, dam, fishing-
place]
John de la "Were..— Hund. Rolls.

The Somerset parish Weare "derived
its present appellation from a wear that
formerly existed on the river [Axe]". —

Nat. Gas.

WEAR
WEARE

Wearing

270

Weedon

Cp. Ware.

(Celt.) Dweller at the R. Wear, loth
centWyrei". ■ ■ et meam villara dilfectam
Wyremnihe": 'Cart. Sax.' no. 685),
Ptolemy's Vedra [the name can hardly be
separated from that of the Welsh rivers
Wyre and the Lane. W3rre (13th cent.
Wyre): O.Wel. wyre, a spreading]

WEARING, V. Waring.

WEARMOUTH (Celt. + E.) Bel. to Wear-
mouth [v. under Wear (Celt.), and -|-
O.E. miilSa, river-mouth]

WEARN
WEARNE

I V. Waifn(e (A.-Celt.)

WEATHERALL, v. WetheralL
WEATHERBEE, v, Wetherby.
WEATHERBURN, v. Wetherburn.
WEATHERBY, v. Wetherby.

WEATHERED

k V. Wetherhead.

WEATHERHEAD.

WEATHERHERD, v. Wetherherd.

WEATHERHOG(G, v. Wetherhog(g.

WEATHERILT, v. Wetherheald.

WEATHERLEY
WEATHERLY

[ V. Wetherley.

WEATHERSPOON, v. Wetherspoon.

WEATHERSTONE, v. Wetherstone.

WEAVER (Eng.) i Cloth-Weaver [M.E.
wever{e ; f. M.E. weveit, O.E. wefan, to

weave]

Cp. Webb(e, Webber, and Webster.

2 Dweller by the R. Weaver (Chesh.)
[v. under Waverton]

William Weyver, booker (Chesh.). —
Siar-Chmhr. Proc, c, A.D. 1520 (Bostock
V. Dutton).

WEBB "1 (Eng.) Weaver [M.E. wehhe, O.E.
WEBBE J webba (m.), webbe (f.), weaver]

Adam le V^ebhe.—Hund. Rolls.
My wif was a webbe,
And woUen cloth made ;
She spak to spynnesteres
To spynnen it oute. —

Piers Plowman, 2901-4.
A webbe, a dyere, and a tapycer. — ,
Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 362.

WEBBER (Eng.) Weaver [M.E. mebberfe,

O.E. webbere]

WEBER (Ger.) Weaver : v. the Appendix of
Foreign Names.

WEBLEY (Eng.) Dweller at the Webb's or

Weaver's Lea [v. under Webb, and -f-

M.E. ley, O.E. ledh, a meadow]

WEBSTER (Eng.) (orig. female) Weaver

[M.E. webster(e, webester[e, webbester(e,

&c. ; O.E. webbestre, female weaver]

John le Webestere. —

Htind. Rolls, A.D. 1274.

Adam le Webbester. —

Lane. Fines, A.D. 1332.

Wollen webbesters [var. Wollewebsteres^
And weveres of lynnen.

Piers Plowman, 436-7.

WEDDELL ) (Eng.y i the A.-Sax. pers. name
WEDDLE } Wedel.Wadel: v.VJsiddleW

WEDELL ) 2 = Weedall, Weedell, q.v.

WEDDERBURN (Scot.-Eng.) Bel. to Wedder-
burn = the Wether-Brook [Scot, wedder,
O.E.we^er=0.^.ue/Sr(Da.n.-NoTw.vader),
a wether, ram -|- burn, O.E. bums, a

stream]

WEDDERSPOON, v. Wetherspoon.

WEDDICOMBE, v Widdicombe.

WEDGE (A.-rr.-Teut.) Pledge, Surety
[Early Mod. E. wedge, M.E. O.Fr. wage
(Ft. gage), L.Lat. wadium: cp. O.N. «eS
(=0.E. wedd), genit. pi. wetS/a, a pledge,

' surety]

WEDGWOOD

WEDGEWOOD )

the i6th-cent. Wedgwood ssem to be lack-
ing. The name is prob. a voiced form
of O.E. wacce, a watch or guard + wudu,

a wood]

WEDLAKE ) (Eng.) Pledge-Gift [O.E. wed-
WEDLOCK J Idc—wedd, a pledge -f- Idc, a gift,

offering]

There is no trace of this being also a
local name; otherwise it would denote
'Weedy Lake.'

WEDMORE (Eng.) Bel. to Wedmore (Soms.),

14th cent. Wedmor = the Weedy Moor

[M.E. wed, O.E. weod, a weed -f- M.E.

mor(e, O.E. mor, a moor]

WEEDALL ] (Eng.) Dweller at i the Weedy
WEEDELL \ Corner (-Field) [O.E. we'od,
WEEDILL J weed(s -|- healXh, a corner]

2 the Weedy Hill [O.E. hyll]

WEEDEN \ (Eng.) Bel. to Weedon (Bucks,

WEEDON J Northants : 13th cent. Wedont

A.-Sax. W^odiin) = the Weedy Hill

[O.E. w^od, weed(s + dun, hill]

\ (EngJ Bel. to Wedgwood
I I (Stafifs) [Earlier forms than

Week

271

Welford

WEEK UEng. and Scand.) Bel. to Week, a
WEEKE J phoDologically more correct form
than the commoner Wick, q.v.

Three of the Somerset places so named
are or were called indifferently Week or
Wick.

WEEKES 1 1 genit., and pi., of Week(e, q.v.
WEEKS J 2 assim. forms of Wilkes, q.v.

WEEKLEY\(Eng.) Bel. to Weekley (North-

WEEKLY J ants), a.d. 956 Wlcledh = the

Wick-Lea [v. under Wick, and + O.E.

ledh, a meadow, &c.]

WEET (Eng.) Active, Bold [O.E. hwdkt,

active, sharp, bold, brave: cp. the N.E.

weet, nimble]

WEETiViAN (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Hwdetman{n
[v. Weet, and + O.E. man{n'\

App. not conf. with Welghtman.

WEEVER = Weaver, q.v.

WEGG "1 (Scand.) the I3th-I4th cent. Wegge,
WEGGEj Wege, nth cent. Wege (DomesA&y),

Wegga (a pet contr. of one of the O.N.

Udg- = A.-Sax. W(kg- names) [O.N. udg-r
= O.E. wcBg, wave, sea]

This IS a very ancient Teut. name-
element, a WcegdcBg, e.g., being given in
the A.- Sax. genealogies as the name of
a descendant of Woden.

Willelmus Wege: —

Yorks Pqll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

WEIGAUL 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Wighill(W. Yorks),

WEIGELL ^ 14th cent. Wyghehale, Domesday

WEIGHILLj Wicheles [prob. O.E. wic, sg.

dwelling(s, pi. fortifications, castle, &c. -|-

h{e)alas, pi. of h{e)al(h, a nook, corner]

WEIGHT for Wait(e, q.v.

WEIGHTIVIAN for Waithman, q.v.

WEI NT for Went, q.v.

WEIR, V. Weap(e.

Note: "The M'Nairs of Cowal, &c.,
Anglicize their name as Weir." —

MacBain, Inverness Names, p. 62.

WELBORN(E ] (Eng.) Bel. to Welborne

WELBOURN(E WNorf.), Welbourne (Lines),

WELBURN J Welburn (N. Yorks'); or

Dweller at the Well or Spring Brook

[O.E. w(i)eU{a + burna]

The Yorkshire villages occur as Welle-
brune in Domesday-Book. The Lincoln-
shire place was Wellebum in the 13th cent.

WELBY (Scand.) Bel. to Weljjy (Lines : 13th-

14th cent. Wellebie, Welleby ; Leic.) = the

Well or Spring Farm [O.N. uel{l (Dan.-

Norw. vald, with intrus. -d) -I- b^-r]

Gilbertus de Welby. —

Inq. adg. Damn., A.D. i349_

WELCH = Walsli, q.v.

Nicholas Welch, cooper. —

Chester Freemen, A.D. i638-9-

WELCH iVi AN (Eng.) Welshman: v. Walsh-
man, Walsh.
Thomas Welchman. —

Wills at Chester, A.D. 1621.

WELCOIVlE(Eng.) i a nickname [M.E.roefcow/^,
welcume; cp. O.E. wilcuma, a welcome

guest]

Cp. the synonymous French surname
Bienvenu.

2 Bel. to Welcombe (Devon : 14th cent.

Welcombe) = the Well-Valley [O.E.

w{i)ell(a + cumb: v. under Combe]

In a Devonshire charter dated A.D. 739
('Cart. Sax.' no. 1331) we find a wealda ,
cumb mentioned; but this does not refer
to the Welcombe nr. Hartland.

WELD \(Eng.) Dweller at a Weald or
WELDE J Forest [O.E. weald]

John atte Welde. —

Pat. Rolls, A.D. 1330.

Willelmus del Weld.—

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.
Richard Welde, sherman. —

Chester Freemen, A.D. 1563-4.

WELDHEN, app. for Weidon, q.v.

WELDON (Eng.) Bel. to Weidon (Northants :

J ^thceat. Weidon, 13th cent. Weledon; Sec);

or Dweller at the Spring-Hill [O.E.

•m{i)ell{a, a spring + dun, a hill]

WELFARE \ (Eng.) a nickname [M.E. welfare;
WELFEAR JO.E. wel, well H- faru, a faring,

(lit.) a journey]

Simon Welfare. — Hund. Rolls-

WELFORD (Eng.) Bel. to 1 Welford (Berks),

loth cent. Weligford = the WlLLOw-

' Ford [O.E. welig, a willow + ford\

2 Welford (Warw.-Glouc), I3th-I4th
cent, Welneford, Domesday Welleford =
the Ford of (by) the Springs [O.E.
w{i)ella, a spring, genit. pi. w{i)ellena +

.ford\

3 Welford (Northants), I3th-i4th cent.
Welforde, Welleford = the Ford by the

Spring [O.E. w{f)ell{a, a spring -f-/or<i]

Welham

272

Welling

WELHAM (Eng.)Bel. to Welham; or Dweller

I at the Spring-Enclosure [O.E.

w(fiell(a, a spring + ham(m a piece of

land, enclosure]

Walter de Welham. —

Soms. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. 1327.
Cp. the common local name Springfield.

2 At the Sprinos [O.E. w(i)ellum (occ.
w(i)ellun), dat. pi. oiw(t)ell(a, a spring]

The Notts place ("St. John's Well
. . . has lost much of its former celebrity'')
was Wellum, Wellom, i3th-i4th-cent. ;
Wellun and Wellon in Domesday-Book.
The'Yorks village, Wellom{e I3th-i4th
Cent., was also Wellun and Wellon in
Domesday-Bk. The Leic. parish is on
the R. Welland; consequently in Dom.-
Bk. we fii)d Walendeham, as well as
Waleham.

The documentary evidence shows that
the second signification is the commoner.

WELK (Eng.) a nickname from the Whelk

[O.E. ■weol(p)c]

Matilda le We\ke.—Hund. Rolls.

WELL (Eng.) Dweller at the Spring [O.E.

w(i)ell(a']
Robertus de Welle.—

Charter-Rolls (Lines), A.D. 1250-1.

Johannes del Well. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

As a surname Well has almost entirely
been swallowed up in Wells.

WELLAN (Eng.) i an apocopated form of
Welland, q.v.
2 for Wellen, q.v.

WELLAND (Eng.) i Bel. to Welland (Wore),

14th cent. Wenland, 13th cenl. Wen(e)lond,

Weheland = Wen(n)a's Land [A.-Sax.

*Wen(n)an-land, Wen(n)an- genit. of

Wen(n)a, f. O.E. wdna, hope]

2 Dweller at the Spring-Land [O.E.

w(i)ell{a, a spring, well + land]

3 Dweller by the River Welland,
occurring in very late copies or versions
of Latin charters of the A.-Sax. period as
Weland3.nd. Weelandhhe orig.is doubtful,
but seems to be the dat. (either pi.,
w{i)ellun, or sing. m(t)ellan) of 0.'E.w(i)ella,
a spring ; the -d in the name in that case
being therefore the common post-»

intrusion]

There has been confusion with Way-
land, q.v.

WELLARD, v. Willard.

WEL(L) BELOVED (Eng.), the isth-cent. Wele-
beloved, has its French equivalent in
Bienaime, the name of the admiral who
represented the French Government at
the funeral of Queen Victoria.
WELLBOURN(E, v. Welboupn(e.
WELLBURN, v. Welburn.
WELLBY, V. Welby.

WELLEN (Eng.) Dweller at the Wells [M.E.

wellen, wells: v. Wells]

WELLER (Eng.) i Dweller by a Well or

Spring [M.E. welle, O.E. w{i)ella + the

agent, suff. -ere]

2 for Wilier, q.v.

WELLESLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Wellesley = the

Well's Lea [O.E. wiell, genit. wielles,

a spring 4- ledh (M.E. legh, lev, &c.), a

meadow]
Tho' de Welleslegh. —

Inq.adq. Damn. (Soms.), A.D. 1310-11.
Philip' de Welleslege.—

Charter-Rolls (Soms.), A.D. 1331.
The Index to the 'Cal. MSS. Dn. & Ch.
Wells' has the following forms of the M.E.
period: — Welleslegh, Weleslee, Weleslegh,/
Welesleghe, Welesleye, Wellesleghe, Wellest
leigh, Wellesleye, Wellesley^h, Wellesliai .,
Wellislegh.

. . . Waleran de Wellesley, who is
stated to have been of a branch of
Wellesley, of Wellesley, co. Somerset.
This Waleran was justice itinerant for
Ireland in 1261. —

Burke's Peerage, &c., s.n. 'WeUington.'
This name has the appearance of em-
bodying a personal name, but app. it
does not.
Cp. Wesley.

WELLICOME (Eng.) I Dweller at the Willow-
Valley [O.E. welig, a willow -f cumh
(Celt.), a valley]
2 for Welcome, qv.

WELLING (Eng.) Bel. to Welling, A.-Sax.
Wellingum, Welingum (both dat. pi. forms
occur in the same loth-cent. Hertford-
shire Latin Will : 'Cart. Sax.' no. 812) =
At (the Place of) the Wel- Family [the
pers. name is either f. O.E. wel, more
commonly wcel, slaughter, death, &c., or
O.E. wela, prosperity, happiness, &c.: —
-1- the dat. pi., -ingum, of the 'son'

suff. -ing]

William de Wellynge. —

Hund. Rolls (Norf.)

The place referred to in the above-
cited loth-cent. Herts doct. seems to
be that now called Welwyn.

There is a Welling in Kent, but it is
said to be a modern village.

Wellings

273

Wemyss

WELLINGS is found as a surname as well as
Welling: in this case the -s is app.
merely an imitative suff.

WELLINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wellington
(Soms.: 13th cent. Welington, Laud-Giant
— Lat. cum A.-Sax. — by King Eadweard
to Bishop Asser Welingtun, Weolingtuu;
Salop: 14th cent. Wellington, 13th cent.
Welinton, Welintone\ Heref. : 14th cent.
Wellington; Staff.: 15th cent. Welington),
for orig. A.-Sax. We{6)linga-tim = the
Estate of the Wela or Weola Family
[the pers. name is O.E. wela, meola, weal,
prosperity, &c. -|- -inga, genit. pi. of the
fil. suff. -ing -f tiin, estate, &c.]

The first Duke of Wellington took his
title from the Somersetshire town.

WELLMAN (Eng.) Dweller at a Well or
Spring [O.E. w(i)ell{a + mamt]

WELLOCK, V. Wheelock.

WELLOW (Eng.) Bel. to Wellow; or Dweller
by the Willow [O.E. welewe']

The Wilts place occurs in various
charters of the A.-Sax. period as Welewe;
and either the Hants or the neighbouring
Wilts Wellow (or both) is referred to in
K. jElfred's Will : "and minre yldstan
dehter fisene h^m set Welewe" (and to my
eldest daughter the vill at Wellow). A
stream ("flumen") called Welwe is men-
tioned in an eighth-cent. Somerset Latin
charter ('Cart. Sax.' no. 200).

John Schuphurd of Welewe (Soms.),
AD. 1 390- 1. —AfS5. Dn. & Ch. Wells.

But Wellow, Notts, I3th-I4th cent.
Welha(g)h, Welhawe, is f. O.E. w(i)ell(a, 'a
spring,' and haga, 'an enclosure.'

WELLS (Eng.) Bel. to Wells ; or Dweller at
the Springs [O.E. m{i)ell, wylla, a spring,

fountain]

Both Wells in Somerset and Wells in
Norfolk occur in charters of the A.-
Sax. period as 'aet Wyllan — dat. of wylla
— and WelUs. The Soms. name refers
more specifically to a spring near the
cathedral called St. Andrew's Well; but
there are "numerous springs in the neigh-
bourhood."

Ego Wlfhelm Fontanensis episcopus. —
Cart. Sax. no. 794, A.D. 944.

Gilbert de Welles. —

Hund. Rolls (Norf.), A.D. 1274.

WELLSPRING (Eng.) Dweller at a Spring
[O.E. w{i)ell{e)spryng, a spring]

WELLSTEAD
WELLSTED
WELLSTEED
WELLSTOOD^

(Eng.) Dweller at the Spring-
Stead [O.E. iu(i>//(n, a spring,
well -I- Steele, a place]

WELLUM, V. Welham.
WELMAN, V. Wellman.
WELSBY, v.Walesby.
WELSH, V. Welch, Walsh.

I V. Wellste(a)d.

WELSTEAD
WELSTED

WELTON (Eng.) Bel. to Welton = the Farm-
stead by the Spring [O.E. w{i)ell{a, a
spring -f tiin, a farmstead, &c.]

Welton, Northants and Lines, was
Welton I3th-I4th cent. Welton, Soms.,
was Weleton 13th cent. Welton, Yorks,
was Welleton and Welletun in Domes-
day-Bk.

WEM (Celt.) Bel. to Wem ; or Dweller by the
Cave or Den [M.Ir. and Gael, uaim (mod.
uaimh, uamk) ; cogn. with Wei. ogof (-/for
earlier -m), a cave, den]
Uamh nam fear (Cave of the men), "a
very singular cavern in the Island of St.
Mac Cormaig, in the Sound of Jura."

The same word is used in the Irish
Odyssey with reference to the cave of the
Cyclops —

Is and sin tanic Uilix d'iarrair ind fir
m6ir, co riacht co dorus na \\-uama (Then
went Ulysses to seek the big man and
came to the door of the cave). —

Merugud Uilix (Wandering of Ulysses),
A.D. 1300, 11. 50-1.

(Eng.) Bel. to Wem (for Whem); or

Dweller at the CORNER or Nook of Land

[O.E. hwemm]

Wem, Salop, in Domesday-Bk. Wenie,
is prob. Celtic.

WEM BLEY \ (Eng.) Bel. to Wembley (M'sex),
WEMLEY J 9th cent. (Lat. charters) Wemba

lea, Wambe lea = Wamba's Lea [A.-Sax.

*Wamhan-ledli (dat. led) — Wamban-, genit.

of Wamba, a nickname f. O.E. wamb,

stomach]

WEMS "1 (Celt, -f- Eng.) Bel. to Wemyss

WEMYSS J (Scot.) ; or Dweller by the Caves

[v. Wem (Celt.), and -|- the E. pi. suff. -s'\

The coast [at Wemyss, co. Fife], which
is bold and rocky, extends a considerable
distance into the sea, and is perforated
with many caves. One of these caves
extends 200 feet in length, and in another
James IV was entertained by gipsies. —
Nat. Gaz. (1868)

Wenborn

274

Weint

WEN
WEN

WENBORN (Scand.) app. represents an O.

Norse Uinbiorn = Friendly Bear [O.N.

uin-r, a friend + biorn, a bear]

DE } (Eng-) I = Went(e, q.v.

John atte Wend, A.D. 1381.—

Blomefield, Hist- Norf.

(rarely) 2 f. the A.-Sax. pers. name
Wenda (llie form Wendel — with dim. suff.
-el — was commoner, esp. compounded)
[the ethnic name : prob. f. an O.Teut.
word seen in O.H.Ger. wentt, a bovmdary,
turning (Mod. Ger. wende, a turning,
turning-point); hence the Mark or March
People — O.H.Ger. iw?Mte« = O.Sax. wend-
ian = O.E. wendan = Goth, wandjan, to

turn]

WENDENl (Eng.) Bel. to Wenden (Gt. and

WENDON J Little), Wendon(Essex), 13th cent.

Wenden, Wendon [doubtless (as is so often

the case) -den is for -don, O.E. dun, a hill ;

the first element prob. being the pers.

name Wena (O.E. wSna, hope): if the -den

were really original (certainly Domesday-

Bk. has Wendena) it, of course, would

be O.E. denu, a valley]

In 1261-2 the manor of Wendon (Essex)

belonged to Mauricius de Berkeley.

WENDLIN "1 (Eng.) Bel. to Wendling (Norf.),

WENDLING I 13th cent. Wendling, A.-Sax.

*Wend(e)lingas (dat. Wend(e)lingum) = (the

Estate of the) Wendel Family [v. under

Wend', and -|- the pi., -ingas, of the O.E.

' son ' suff. -ing'\

Abbas de Wendlyng. —

Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1352.
But for the occurrence of the same
patronymic in Wellingborough (North-
ants), the A.-Sax. Wendlingburg, we
might have suspected the -ing of the
Norfolk place-name tobetheO.North. and
East.E. ing, borrowed from O.N. eng,
'meadow.'

WEN DOVER (Celt.) Bel. toWendover (Bucks),
14th cent. Wendover, Domesday Wen-
dovre, 10th cent. (obi. case) (zt Weendofron
(/ as v) = the White or Clear Water
[the early form of Wei. g)wyn {iem.g)wen)
= Corn, guyn, gwin = Bret, guen = Gaul.
vind-,vih\\.e, fair -f- the early form of Wel.
dwfr — Corn. rfo/er=Bret. dour = Ir. and
Gael, dobhar = Gaul, dubr-, water]

WENHAM (Eng.) Bel.to Wenham (Suff.), 13th-

14th cent, and Domesday Wenham = (prob.)

Wena's Home [A.-Sax. *Wenan-hdm —

Wenan-, genit. of Wena (f. wSna, hope)-f

hdm, home, estate]

WENLOCK (Eng.) Bel. to Wenlock (Salop),
I3th-I4th cent. Wenlok, Wenloke, Domes-
day Wenloch = (prob.) Wena's Strong-
hold [A.-Sax. *Wenan-loca — Wenan-,
genit. of Wena (f. wena, hope) -f- loca, a
stronghold, fortified enclosure]

Prior et Conventus de Wenloke. —

Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1268-9.

WEN MAN = Wainman, q.v.

WENN (Eng.) Dweller at the Furze [a var. of
M.E. winne, whynne, whin, furze; cogn.
with Scand. hven, bent-grass]
Johannes atte Wenne. —

Soms. Subs. Roll, A.D. 1315-16.

WENNINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wennington
(Lanes, Hunts, Essex), the A.-Sax. *Wen-
inga-tiin = the Estate of the Wena
Family [the pers. name is O.E. wSna,
hope -f- the genit. pi., -inga, of the fil.
suff. -ing + tun, farm, estate, &c.]

The Hunts place occurs in a loth-cent.
Latin grant as Wenintona and Wenigtone.
The Lanes township was Weninton, Wen-
igton, and Wenington in the 13th cent. ; it
is situated on the Wenning Brook, whose
name is doubtless from the place-name.

There has been some confusion with
Winnington.

WENSLEY (?Celt. -|- Eng.) Bel. to Wensley
(Yorks), 13th cent. Wenslay-dale, the
Domesday Weudreslaga and Wentreslage
[O.E. ledii, a meadow : the first element
has the appearance of being a pers. name
in the genit. ; but pre-i ith cent, lorms are
desirable ; and, in fact, the Domesday
-re- may represent the river-name Ure, in
which case Went- would also be Celt.,
prob. O.Wel. g)went, a plain]

WENT ] (Eng.) Dweller at a Passage, Alley,
WENTElor Crossway [Dial, and M.E.
WEINT j went{e; f. O.E. wendan, to turn, to

go]
Henry de la Wente. — Hund. Rolls.

Is thorugh a goter [gutter] by a privg
wente

Into my chaumbre come... —

Chaucer, Troil. & Cris., iii. 787-8.

Went, a way; as, 'at the four wents',
i.e. at the meeting of the four ways. —

Pegge, Kenticisms (1735).
Went, a crossway. —

Parish, Diet. Suss. Dial. (1875).

Wents, narrow lanes in Cockerraouth,
Workington, and other towns. —

Dickinson, Cumbd. Gloss. (1878).

Wentworth

275

Western

Between the Tower and the river at
one time was a passage which led into
the churchyard ... this passage became a
street, and is now Prison Weint. —
Stonehouse, Streets of L'pool (i&6^), p. 16.

TheYorks river-name Went(e (v. under
Wandsworth) has prob. had no surnominal
influence.

Cp. Wend(e.

WENTWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Wentworth
(Yorks : 14th cent. Wynt(e)morth, Domes-
day Winteworde ; Cambs : a.d. 1428
Wynteworthe (Skeat, ' PI. Names Camb.,'
p. 27), Domesday Winteworde), A.-Sax.
*Wintanwor'S = Winta's Farm or Estate
[Winta — the name of one of the early
descendants of Woden — is app. not a
Tent, name : it is prob. Celt., t. the early
form (v. under Wandsworth) of Wei.

g)wyn, white, fair, blessed : 1- O.E. Ivor's,

farm, estate, homestead]

WERE = Weir, Wear(e, q.v.

WERNETH (Celt.) Bel. to Werneth (Lane. :
14th cent. Wernyth, 13th cent. Vernet =
the Alder-Grove, Alder-Mead [Wei.
g)weriiydd {dd as th), f. g)wem-en, alder-
tree, with the pi. suff. -ydd]

WERNHAM, v. Warnham.

WERRY, V. Warry.
Peter Werri.-

-Hund. Rolls.

WESCOTT for Westcott, q.v.
Richard de Wescote. —

Soms. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. 1327.

WESLAKE for Westlake, q.v.

WESLEY I for Westley, q.v.
2 for Wellesley, q.v.
Arthur Wellesley, first Duke of Welling-
ton, signed himself 'Wesley' in the early
part of his career. He is said to have
belonged to a branch of the same family
as that from which John Wesley sprang.

WESS I = Wass, q.v.
2 for West, q.v.

WESSCOTT for Westcott, q.v.

WESSON, an assim. form of Weston, q.v.

WEST (Eng.) One from the West ; a West-
couNTRYMAN [M.E. west(e, O.E. west]

Robertus del West. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

A shipman was ther, wonynge [dwelling]
fer by weste;

For aught I woot [know] he was of
Dertemouthe. —

Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 388-9.

WESTACOTT = Westcott (q.v.) with phon.
intrus. -a-.

WeIt EUL I ^°'"^®^*''^"' "'•''■

WESTAWAY = Westway (q.v.) with phon.
intrus. -a-.

WESTBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Westbury (a

common Eng. place-name) = 1 the West

Stronghold [O.E. west + burh, burg, a

fortified place]

Thus, Westbury-on-Trym occurs in a
charter of Offa, king of the Mercians, as
't(5 Westbyrig' — byrig, dat. oiburg; and
Westbury-on-Avon in a charter by the
same king as Wesiburg. The Bucks place
was Westburi in the 13th cent.

2 the West Hill [O.E. west -\- beorh]

WESTBY(Scand.)Bel. to Westby = the West
Farmstead [O.N.««;-r4-Jj'-'',farm,estate]

The Yorks place occurs as Westeby in
the 14th cent.

Cp. Westerby.

WESTCOATT, v. Westcott.

WESTCOMB(E (Eng.) Bel. to Westcomb(e =
the West Valley [O.E. west + cumb (f.

Celt.]

WESTCOTT (Eng.) Bel. toWestcot, Westcote,

Westcott ; or Dweller at the West

Cottage(s [O.E. west + cot, pi. cotui

Nicholas de Westcote. — Hund. Rolls.

WESTERBY (Scand.) Bel. to Westerby; or

Dweller at the Western Farmstead

[O.N. Mff.s<W, prop, compar., more westerly

+ by-r, farm, estate]

A Westrebi occurs in the Yorks Domes-
day.

WESTERHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Westerham
(Kent), Late A.-Sax. Westerham = the
Western Estate [O.E. westera, prop,
cpv., more westerly -t- hdm, home, resi-
dence, estate]

WESTERMAN (Eng.) Western Man [O.E.
westerne -t- mann]

WESTERN (Eng.) Westerner [O.E. Kirater/i^,

western]

Westerton

276

Westron

WESTERTON (Eng.) Bel. to Westerton = the
Western Farm or Estate [v. under
Westerham, and+ O.E. tiin, farm, estate]

WESTGARTH (Scand.) Dweller at the West
Enclosure [O.N. uest-r + gar'S-r\

WESTGATE (Eng.) Bel. to Westgate; or

Dweller at the West Gate (of a city or

enclosure) [O.E. west + geat\

William de Westgate. — Hund. Rolls-

WESTHALL (Eng.) Bel. toWesthall; or Dweller
at the West Hall [O.E. west + h{e)all]

At Westhall, Suff., we find the tauto-
logical 'Westhall Hall'.

WESTHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Westham ; or

Dweller at the West Dwelling or

Enclosure [O.E. west + ham, hamni]

Thus Westham, Sussex, is so named
from its position with regard to Pevensey.

WESTHEAD (Eng.) Dweller at the West
Head or Top [O.E. west + hedfod (M.E.
heved, &c.), head, top, high ground]
Robert del Westheved. —

Lane. Fines, A.D. 1313.

WESTHORP(E (Eng. and Scand.) Bel. to

Westhorpe = the West Farmstead,

Hamlet, or Village [O.E. west = O.N.

uest-r + O.E. O.N.)>orp: v. Thorp(e]

Joh'es de Westhorp (Line). —

Ittg. ad q. Damn., AD. 1408-9.

WESTLAKE (Eng.) Dweller at the West

Stream or Pool [O.E. west + lacu,

stream, pool]

There is a Westlake in S. Devon.

WESTLEIGH] (Eng.) Bel. to Westlei-h or
WESTLEY IWestley = the West Lea
WESTLY J [O.E. west + ledh : v. Lea,

Leigh]

Westley, Camb., was Westele m the
15th cent., Westle in the 13th.

WESTMACOTT for Westmancott, q.v.

WESTMAN (Eng.) Westerner [O.E. west +
man{n, sometimes mon{n\
Thomas Westman. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

The corresponding O.N. uestma'S-r
denoted more specifically a man from the
British Isles, esp. Ireland.

WESTMANCOTT (Eng.) Bel. to Westman-
cot(e (Wore), the Domesday Westmone-
cote, where the medial e prob. represents

the O.E. genit. pi. -a, which circumstance
makes it likely that the local name was
also orig. pi. = the Westmen's Cottages
[v. under Westman, and + O.E. cot, pi.
cotu, dat. pi. cotum]

WESTMARLAND for WestmoKe)land, q.v.

WESTMORE (Eng.) Dweller at the West
Moor [O.E. west + mor (M.E. mor(e]

WESTMOR(E)LAND (Eng.) Bel. to West-
moreland, A.-Sax. Chron. a.d. 966 West-
tnoringa land = the Land of the Sons
(People) of the West Moor(s [O.E.
west + m6r, a moor + -inga, genit. pi. of
the 'son' suff. -ing + land]
Rad'us Com' Westmorland'. —

Charter-Rolls, tp. Hen. IV.

Cold Cumberland, which yet wild West-

merland excells
For roughness, at whose point lies

rugged Fournesse Fells,
Is fill'd with mighty moors. . . . —

Drayton, Poly-Olbion, xxiii, 209-11.

WESTOBY for Westerby, q.v.

WESTON (Eng.) Bel. to Weston (common)

= the West Farmstead, Hamlet, or

Village [O.E.^est -\- tun, dat. tune]

Tlie two ts were assimilated to one in
the A.-Saxon period. Thus, to take two
loth-cent. instances, Weston, nr. Bath
(so called from its position relative to the
latter), is referred to as "in loco qui
dicitur at Westune" (dat. : 'Cart. Sax',
no. 1009) ; while Weston, Dorset, is
spoken of as "in loco quern solicolae at
Westune vocitant" (dat. : 'C.S.' no. 696).

Will'us de Weston. —

Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1270-1.

WESTOVER (Eng.) Bel. to Westover (Soms. :
A.D. 1325-6 IVestovere] Hants, &c.) = the
West Edge, Bank, or Shore [O.E. west

+ dfer]

WESTOW (Eng.) Bel. to Westow = the West
Place [O.E. west; and v. Stow(e]

WESTRAY (Scand.) i i6th cent. Westwray(e

= the West Nook or Corner [O.N.

uest-r -I- urd\

2 One from the Island of Westray

(Orkneys), 13th cent. Uesturey = the

Western Island [O.N. uestri, prop, cpv.,

more westerly -|- ey, island]

WESTRON 1^^"- °f Western, q.v.

Westrop

277

Wevill

WESTROP \ (Eng. & Scand.) Bui. to Westrop
WESTROPE orWestrup = the West Thorp
WESTROPP or Village (p.E. west = O.N.
WESTRUP ' uest-r + O.K. O.N. ^rop, ^orp]
Cp. Westhorp(e.

WESTRUM for Westerham, q.v.

WESTWAY (Eng.) Dweller at the West Road
[O.K. west +

WESTWICK (Eng.) Bel. to Westwick = the
West Dwelling(s [O.E. west + wic]
The Yorlcs place was Westuuic in
Domesday-Bk. Tlie Camb. township
was Westwik, Westwyk, and Westwyc in
the 13th cent. Westwick, Norf., was West-
wyke in the 14th cent.

WESTWORTH (Eng.) Dweller at the West
Farm or Messuage [O.E. west + lvor^

WETHERALD, v. Wetheph(e)ald.

WETHERALLl (Eng.) Dweller at the
WETHERELL \ Wether-Nook or -Corner
WETHERILL J [O.E. we^e)r, wether, sheep
+ h(e)aUh, nook, etc.]
(Scand.) Dweller at the Wether-Slope
[O.N. ne^r -f hall-r]
As the Cumberland Wetheral (13th
cent. Wetherhal{e, Wederhale) "is situ-
ated on the steep banks of the Eden,"
it is evid. of Scand. origin.

Cp. Wetherh(e)ald.

WETHERBEE for Wetherby, q.v.

WETHERBURN (Eng.) Dweller at the
Wether-Brook \0.^.we'^{e)r + burne]
Cp. Wedderburn.

WETHERBY (Scand.) Be!, to Wetherby
(Yorks), the Domesday Wedrebi = the
Wether or Sheep Farm [O.N. ue'^r

+ b^-r]

WETHERDEN (Eng.) Bel.toWetherden (Suff.),
13th cent. Wetherden = the Wether-
Valley [O.E. welSiey + denu]

WETHERED for Wetherhead, q.v.

WETHERELD
WETHERELT
WETHERILT

for Wetherheald, q.v.

WETHERFIELD (Eng.) Dweller at the
Wether-Field [O.E. we'^[e)r + feld]

Cp. Wethersfield.

WETHERHEAD(Eng.) Dweller at theWETHER

Head or Top [O.E. we'S{e)r + hedfod,

head, top, high ground]

WETHERH(E)ALD (Eng.) Dweller at the
Wether-Slope [O.E. TO^tS(^)r -1- h{e)ald:

V. Heald]

WETHERHERD (Eng.) Wether - Herd ;
Shepherd [O.E. we'S{e)r + hierde]

WETHERHOG(G (A.-Scand.) a nickname

from the male sheep (Wether -Hog)

so called dialectally [O.E. we'S{e)r =

O.N. ue^r; and v. Hogg]

Wether-hog : A male lamb of a year

old. — Cole, S.W. Line. Gloss-, p. 165.

WETHERLEY(Eng.) Dweller at the Wether-
Lea [O.E. we^e)r + ledh (M.E. ley']

WETHERSFIELD (Eng.) Dweller at the

Wether's Field [the genit. of O.E.

we'S{e)r -f- feld]

Wethersfield, Essex, was Wetheresfeld
in the 13th cent.

WETHERSPOON (A.-Scot.) Dweller at tlie
Wether's Pound
we'6[ey -\- piind (N

Wether's Pound [the genit. of O.E.
.JE. and Scot, pun).

pound, enclosure]

WETHERSTON(E, v. Witherston(e.

WETHEY, v. With(e)y.

WETTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wetton [early forms
seems to be lacking : phonologically an
orig. A.-Sax. Wettan- or Wtetan-tiin =
'Wetta's' or 'Wseta's Estate' is admis-
sible]

There appears to have been some con-
fusion with Watton, q.v.

WETWANG (Eng.) Bel. to Wetwang (Yorks),
14th cent. Wetewange, Domesday Wet-
wang- = the Wet Plain or Field [O.E.
wikt -t- wang\

WEVILL (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name Wifel,

a nickname from the Weevil [M.E. wevil,

wivel, O.E. wifel, a beetle]

At first sight it would seem strange
that this nickname from an insect should
have been so common among the A.-
Saxons as the longish list of O.E. place-
names, identified (as in the cases of
the mod. Wiveliscombe, Wivelsfield,
and Wivelsford) and unidentified, con-
taining it shows it to have been. The
explanation is that wifel (like wibba, also
meaning 'beetle' and used as a pers.
name) is conn, with O.E. wefan, 'to weave',
the weevil at one stage of its existence
enclosing itself in a protecting web or
cocoon ; and the nickname would there-
fore commonly be applied to a weaver,
which accounts for the fact that Wifel only

Weyland

278

Whatling

seems to occur as the peis. element in
place-names and not in the extensive
list of attesters of A.-Saxon charters.
The point is further illustrated by the
cognate E.Fris. wefer, which denotes
both 'weaver' and 'beetle' ; and by Ger.
weber, which, in addition to 'weaver',
connotes the genus bombyx [Lat. bombyx,

silkworm]

WEYLAND, V. Wayland.

WEYMAN, V. Wayman .

WEYMOUTH (Celt. + Eng.) Bel. to Wey-
mouth (Dorset), 13th cent. lVeyniuth,\n a
late and corrupt copy of a charter of King
jEthelstan ('Cart. Sax.' no. 738) Waimou\>,
WaymouY = the Mouth of the K. Wey
[the river-name is Celt., f. the early form
of Wei. givy, -wy ( = 0. Ir. fia), water,
which more commonly yields the Angli-
cized Wye (thus the Montgomeryshire
Afon [River] Gwy is also called Wye
River), although the Wei. Conwy is
Englished Conway : — |- O.E. muSa, river-
mouth]

WHADDON (Eng.) Bel. to Whaddon (fairly

common), the A.-Sax. Hwdetedun = the

Wheat-Hill [O.E. hwdste + dun]

Whaddon, Bucks, was the Domesday
Wadone. Whaddon, Glouc, was Wadune
inDomesday-Bk.,Warfrfo/ieand Watdone in
the 13th cent.

WHAIT 1 (Eng.) Active, Vigorous, Bold
WHAITEJ \OJ£..hw(Bi\

WHAITES, Whaite's (Son).

for Whelan, q.v.

WHALAN
WHALEN
WHALON

WHALE 1 (Eng.) i a nickname (from the

WHALL J Whale) for a ponderous individual

(the name Whalebelly is also said to

exist) [O.E. hwcel]

Thomas le Whal. —

Cal. Geneal., A.D. 1303.

2 Bold, Forward [O.E. hwal, hwal{l]

3 for Wale, q.v.

WHALEBONE for Walbopn, q.v.

WHALEY (Eng.) Bel. to Whaley; doubtless
the same name as Whal ley, q.v.

WHALLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Whalley (Lane),
the M.E. Whalley{e, Whallay, Walley,
Wallay, Qualley, Quallay, A.-Sax. ('Chron.'
A.D. 798) Hwealledh = Hweala's or

Hw.ela'sLea [the pers. name is f. O.E.
hwcEl, hwal{l, bold, forward -|- ledh,

meadow]

WHAM (Eng.) Dweller at a Corner or Nook

[O.E. hwamni]

WHARAM I (Eng.) Bel. to Wharram (Yorks),

WHARRAM j the Domesday Warham = the

Dwelling or Enclosure in or by the

Basin or Hollow [O.E. hwer, basin,

cauldron, hollow -1- ham(m, dwelling,

enclosure]

WHARDLE for Wardle, q.v.

WHARFE (Eng.) Dweller at a Wharf [O.E.
hwerf, an embankment, dam]

(Celt.) Dweller by the R. Wharfe
[prob. conn, with Wei. givyrf, pure, fresh]

WHARMBY, a var. of Quarmby, q.v.

WHARNCLIFFE (Scand.) Bel. to Wharncliffe
(W. Yorks) [app. O.N. huenia, basin,
cauldron -|- kleif, cliff: the name, there-
fore, denoting a cliff with a basin-like

depression]

WHARRIE 1 (Celt.) f. the East. Scot, whaurie,

WHARRY \ a term of endearment [app. f. the

WHARY J Pict. cogn. of Wei. chwaer, a

sister ; with E. dim. suff. -ie, -y]

WHARTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wharton (several),
13th cent, usually Querlon (for Wherton)
= the Farmstead in or by the Basin or
Hollow [O.E. hwer, basin, cauldron,
hollow (= O.N. huerr, kettle, cauldron,
cave) -f tiin, farm, &c.]

But the Westmoreland Wharton, al-
though occurring repeatedly in the 13th
and 14th cent, as Querton, is found as
Werfton in 1202 ; and if this earlier form is
to be trusted the etymon is prob. O.E.
hwerf, 'embankment', 'dam' ('wharf).

WHATE = Whalte, q.v.

WHATELEY 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Whateley or

WHATELY \ Whatley (Soms.), 13th cent.

WHATLEY J Whateleg,' in late versions of

charters of the A.-Sax. period Whate-

leighe ('Cart. Sax', nos. 168, 438) = the

Wheat-Field [O.E. feycete -1- ledK\

See Wheatl(e)y; and cp. Whatfield,
Suff., and Whatcroft, Chesh.

'WHATLING (Eng.) for a.Q A.-Sdix.. * Hwmtling

(cp. 'Whatlington', Suss.) = Hw^t(e)l's

Son [the pers. name is f. O.E. hwat,

active, bold, brave, with the dim. suff.

-{e)l + the 'son' suff. -ing\

There has prob. been some confusion
with Watling.

Whatman

279

Whelan

WHATMAN I = Wheatman, q.v.
Richard Whatteman. —

Soms. Subs-Roll, A.D. 1315-16.
2 for Watman, q.v.

WHATMORE (Eng.) Bel. to Whatmore (Salop)
= the Wheat-Moor [O.E. hwcete + m6r\

WHATMOUGH for Watmough, q.v.

WHATTON (Eng.) Bel. to Whatton (Notts :
13th cent. W(h)atton, Domesday Watone ;
Leic.) = the Wheat- Farm [O.E. hwAte +

tun]

WHAYMANforWayman, q.v.

WHEAL (Celt.) Dweller by a (Cornish) Mine
[Corn, hwel, whel]

The names of Cornish Mines are fre-
quently very amusing. Sometimes they
emanate from the name of the estate in
which they are situated; and oftener from
the name of the landlord, or a favourite
one of his family, as Wheal Edgcumbe,
Wheal Tremayne, Wheal Frances, Wheal
Elizabeth, Wheal Kitty, &c. Sometimes
their origin may be traced to the ancient
Tin Bounds, as Ale and Cakes, Ding
Dong, &c. Others are the result of
fancy, or perhaps situation, or circum-
stance, as Wheal Chance, Wheal Cost is
Lost, &c.—

Tregellas ('Town of the Groves'),

Cornish Tales, p. 142.

WHEAT
WHEATE

I (Eng.) White, Fair [O.E. hwit]

WHEATCROFT (Eng.) Dweller at a Wheat-
Croft [O.E. hwdete + croft, a small fieldj

WH EATLAN D (Eng.) Dweller at i the Wheat-
Land [O.E. hwdste -f land]

2 the White Land [O.E. hwit + land]

WHEATLEYl (Eng). Bel. to Wheatley ; or

WHEATLY J Dweller at i the Wheat-Lea

[O.E. hwdete + leak]

2 the White Lea [O.E. hwit + ledh]

Johannes de Whetlay. —

Yorhs Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

Wheatley, '^oiis,Wateleie and Wateleia
in Domesday-Bk., was Whetleye, and also
Whiteley, in the 14th cent. Wheatley,
Durh., was Whetley and Whatley in the
14th cent. Wheatley, Oxon, was Watele
in the 13th cent. Wheatley, Doncaster,
was Watelage in Domesday-Bk.

WHEATMAN (Eng.) i Wheat-Man (Dealer)
[O.E. hwikte -H maniii]

Cp. Ryman.
2 = Whiteman, q.v.

WHEATON (Eng). i Bel. to Wheaton = the
Wheat-Enclosure [O.E. hwikte +tun]

2 = Whitton, q.v.

Wheaton Aston, Stafls, was Whetone
Aston in the 14th cent.

WHEATSTONE = Whetstone, q.v.

WHEBLe'"} "^"""P' '°™^ °'^ Wlbble, q.v.

WHEELAN, V. Whelan.

WHEELER (Eng.) Wheelwright [O.E. hwM,
a wheel -|- the agent, suff. -ere]

Richard le Whelere. —

Close Rolls, A.D. 1347.

This name was Latinized Rotarius in
mediaeval rolls.

WHEELEY, a syncopated form of Wheatley,
q.v.

WHEELHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at, or by, the

Wheel-House (i.e. a shed which covered

a wheel used lor hauling or raising (as

water) [O.E. hwM -\- hiis]

Willelmus de Whelehous. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

WHEELOCK(Eng.)Bel. toWheelock(Chesh.),
14th cent. Whelok [lack of suff. early
forms makes this unique name difficult to
elucidate : prob. the second element is
O.E. loc(a, enclosure, stronghold, and the
first for O.E. hwit, white]

WHEELTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wheelton (Lane),
14th cent. Whelton, Queltone, 13th cent.
Quelton (for Hwelion) [here again the lack
of A.-Sax. forms makes impossible a
definite pronouncement as to the origin
of the first element of this unique name :
a reasonable suggestion, however, is that
it represents O.E. hwealf, hollow, con-
cave) : 1- O.E. tiin, enclosure, &c.]

WHEEN (Eng.) a Northern form of Queen, q.v.

It need hardly be said that this name
has nothing to do with the Scot, wheen,
O.E. hwene, 'somewhat', 'a little' : cp.
Lane, wheem for O.E. cweme, 'convenient',
and whick for O.E. cwic, 'living'.

WHEILDON = Wheldon, q.v.

WHELAN (Celt.) i a form of O'Phelan, q.v.

2 for the Irish O'h-Oileain = De-
scendant OF OiLEAN [Ir. d or ua, grand-
son -f- the intervocalic insertion h -f-
the genit. of oilean, nurture, instruction]

Whelch

280

Whiskard

WHELCH for Welch, q.v.

WHELDON "1 (Eng.) Early furms of this
WHELLDON J local name seem to be lack-
ing; but the probabilities point to O.E.
hwealfi 'hollow,' as the source of the
first element: the second represents O.E.
diin, 'hill.'

There has prob. been some confusior:
with Weldon,

WHELEN 1

WHELON \ for Whelan, q.v.

WHELLAN J

WHELP (Eng. and Scand.) Cub (as a term
of endearment) [O.E. hwelp — O.N.
huelp-r ( = O.H.Ger. h)welf) : prob. ono-
matopoeic]

'Guelplt- is a Fr.-Teut. form ; cp. the
Ital.-Teut. pers. name Guelfo, whence the
famous Ital. family-name Guelfi.

WHENHAM for Wenham, q.v.

WHEN MAN for Wenman, q.v.

WHENNERY, v. Whineray.

WHERRY, V. Wharry.

WHERWELL (Eng.) Bel. to Wherwell (Hants),

loth cent. (King Eadred's Will) Hwerwyl

= the Well in the Basin or Hollow

[O.E. hwer, basin, hollow, cauldron -f-

wylQ, wiell, well, spring]

WHETHERLEYl c ... .. ,
WHETHERLY } f"-- WetheHey, q.v.

WHETSTONE (Eng.) Bel. to Whetstone =
the White Stone or Stone Castle
[O.E. hwil + Stan]
WHETTON = Whitton, q.v.

WHICKER for Wicker, q.v.

WHICKHAM for Wickham, q.v.

WHIDBURN for Whitburn, q.v.

WHIELDON = Wheldon, q.v.

WHIFFEN UCeh.) Direct evidence is lack-
WHIFFIN / ing, but the name seems to re-
present the Wei. chwipyn, 'quick,' 'swift,'
with the p mutated to ph = ff.

WHIGHAM forWigham, q.v.

WHILEY for Wiley, q.v.

WHILLOCK = Wheelock, q.v.

WHIMPLE (Eng.) Bel. to Whimple (Devon),
13th cent. Wympel [the second element
is avid. Dial. E. pell, pill, a pool, a form

of O.K. pul{l : for the first element earlier
forms are desirable, but it prob. repre-
sents O.E. wylm, wielm, a flowing, burst-
ing out]

WHINERAY \

WHINERY (Scand.) Dweller at the

WHINNERAH I Whin-Corner [Scand. hven,

WHINRAY [bent-grass -f- vraa (O.N. urd),

WHINROW corner, nook]

WHINWRAY

The i6th-cent. N.Lanc. spellings

Whinrow, Whin{e)rawe (found in addit.

to Whinwray), reflect the mod. Scand.

pron. {aa almost as aw).

WHINFELL (Scand.) Bel. to Whinfell (Cumb.,

Westmd.) = the Whin-Fell [see under

Whineray, and -|- O.N. fall, hill]

WHINNETT, a weak form of Whinyate, q.v.

WHINNEYT (Scand.) Dweller at the Whin-

WHINNY J Field [see under Whineray, and

-I- O.N. hagi, field, pasture]

WHINYATE (Scand. -|- E.) Dweller at the
Gate or Opening by the Whin [see
under Whineray, and -|- M.E. yate, O.E.

geat]

WHiPP (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name Wippa,

Wipp{e [f. the Teut. stem *wip, to swing,

&c., seen in Dut. wippen, to skip. Low

Ger. wippen, to bob, Dan.-Norw. vippe,

to swing, see-saw ; and ult. in E. whip]

A thane named Wipp-ed is recorded, in
the A.-Sax. Chron., under a.d. 465, as
having been slain by the Britons in Kent.

Allan Wyppe.—Hund. Rolls.

WH IPPLE (Eng.) Bel. to Whipple or Whiphill
(14th cent. Whiphulle, WhyphuU, Soms. ;
13th cent. Wiphulle, Wilts) = Wippa's
Hill [see under Whipp, and -|- M.E.
}mll(e, O.E. hyll, hill]
I cannot trace that there has been any
confusion with Whimple.

WHIPPS, Whipp's (Son): v. Whipp.

WHIPPY = Whipp (q.v.) -f the E. dim. suff. -y.

WHIRK = Quirk, q.v.

WHISHAW(Eng.)Bel.toWhishaworWishaw
(Warw.), the Domesday Witscaga = the
White Wood [O.E. hwit -j- scaga, a

wood]

The etymology is supported by the
proximity of Whitacre.

WHISKARD (Eng.) for the uncommon A.-Sax.
Wisg{e)ard = Wise Defender [O.E. wis,
wise, prudent + g{e)ard, fence, bulwark,

&c.]

Whisker

281

Whitehand

WHISKER (Eng.) for the A.-Sax. IVisgar =
Wise Spear [O.E. wis + gar]

WHISKEY for Wiskey, q.v.

WHISLER loi- Whistler, q.v.

WHISSON (Eng.) an assini. foim of Whiston,
q.v.

WHISTLER (Eng.) Whistler, Piper [O.E.

Irwistlere]
Johannes Whi.sleler. —

Yorks PoU-Tax,A.D. 1379.

WHISTON (Eng.) Bel. to Whiston (several)
= the White Stone, Rock, or White-
Stone Residence [O.E. hivit + stdit]
The Yorks place (where there are
quarries of white stone) occurs as Wite-
Stan in Domesday-BooU, in which botii
Staff, hamlets are Witestone. The North-
ants parish was Whiston m the 13th
cent. The Lane, village was Whitstan
in the 14th cent. : here "the old Whiston
Hall and its outbuildings, still to be
seen, are built of white stone."

WHITACRE 1 (Eng.) Dweller at i the White
WHITAKER J Field [O.E. hwit + acer]

2 the Wheatfield lO.E.hwmte + acer\

The two Warwicksh. Whitacres were

Netherwhitacre and Overwythacre (for Over-

whytacre) in the 14th cent.

WHITADDER (Eng.) Dweller at the White

or Clear Spring or Watercourse

[O.E. hwit -t- didre]

There is a stream of this name in co.
Haddington into which runs a Black-
adder.

WHITBECK (Scand.) Dweller at the White
or Clear Stream [O.N. huit-r + bekk-r\

WHITBOURNE (Eng.) Dweller at the White
or Clear Stream [O.E. hwit -j- burne]

More specifically Whitbourne, Here-
fordsh.

WHITBREAD (Eng.) a trade-name for a seller
of White Bread, i.e., the best bread
[O.E. hwit -f bread: as bread in A.-Saxon
more commonly meant 'crumb,' 'piece,'
the usual term for 'white bread' was
hwite hldf, white or wheat loaf]

This name was Frenchified by Norman
scribes as Blancpain or Blauncpain. On
the other hand, there is no doubt that
Whitbread was sometimes an Angli-
cization of an orig. French Blancpain,
usually occurring to-day in France as
Blanpain.

William Wytebred.— i/M«d. Rolls.

WHITBURN (Eng.) Bel. to Whitburn; or

Dweller at the White or Clear .Stream

[O.E. hwit -h burne']

Whitburn, Durh., was Whitburne in the
i4th-cent. Survey of the Palatinate of
Durham.

WHITBY (.Scand.) Rcl. to Whitby = the

White Dwelling(s [O.N. hiiit-r 4- by-r]

Whitby, Yorks, the Domesday Witebi,

was Slreones halh before the Danish in-

WHITCHURCH (Eng.) BeL to Whitchurch

(common) ; or Jeweller by the White

Church [O.E. hwit + cirice]

Whitchurch, Salop, and Whitchurcli,
Dorset, were Latinized in our mediaeval
rolls as Album Monasterium, or de Albo
Monasterio, and Frenchified Blancminster
or Blauncminster. Whitchurch, Hants,
occurs in the A.-Saxon Chron., under
a.d, iooi, as '<&\. Hwitciricean' — dat. form.
Whitchurch, Denbigh, is also known by
the equivalent Welsh name Eglwys Wen.

WHITCOMB 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Whitcomb or

WHITCOMBEJ Whitcombe = the White

Valley or Hollovj? \0.'E. hwit + cumb

(Celt. : v. Combe]

WHITE (Eng. & Scand.) Of White or Fair
Complexion [O.E. hwit = O.N. huit-r]

Hwita was the name of an 8th-cent.
bishop of Lichfield.

Roger le Whyte.— i/M«d. Rolls.

WHITEAKER = Whitaker, q.v.

WHITEAR = Whittier, q.v.

WHITEAWAY (with intrus. -a-) for White-
way, q.v.

WHITEBREAD = Whitbread, q.v.

WHITECHURCH = Whitchurch, q.v.

WHITEFIELD = Whitfield, q.v.

WHITEFOOT (Eng.) Dweller at the White
(liill-) Foot [O.E. hwit -t- f6t]

WHITEHALGH (Eng.) Dweller at the White
Corner or Nook [O.E. hwit + h(e)alh]

William de Whitehalgh. —

Preston Guild Rolls, A.D. 1397.
Cp. Greenhalgh.

WHITEHAND (Eng.) White Hand (a nick-
name) [O.E. hwit + hand]
Adam Whythand. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

28:

Whitehead

Whitgift

Isoud la Blanche Mains. —

Morte d' Arthur, VIII, xxxv.

Blanchemain does not seem to have
survived in France.

WHITEHEAD (Eng.) i With a White Head ;
White-haired, Fair-haired [O.K. hwit

-{■ hedfod]

Adam Whiteheved. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.r>. 1379.

2 (occ.) Dweller at the White Head or
Top (of field, &c.)

Cp. Blackhead and Greenhead.

WHITEHORN (Eng.) Dweller at the White

Corner (horn-shaped piece of land)

[O.E. hwit + horti]

But Whithorn, Wigtonsh., the Candida
Casa of Baeda ('Hist. Eccl.' III. iv.), re-
presents the O.E. Hwitcsrn = White
House [O.K. hwit + cern]

WHITEHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at the White
House [O.E. hwit + hits]

Stephen atte Whitehous.—

Soms. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. 1327.

WHITEHURST (Eng.) Dweller at the White
Wood [O.E. hwit -h hyrst, a wood]

Cp. Blackhurst.

WHITELAM 1 (Eng.) a nickname: White
WHITLAM I Lamb [O.E. hwit -\- lamb]

Alicia Whitlambe. —

Yorks PoU-Tax, A.D. 1379.

WHITELAW (Eug.) Dweller at the White
Hill [O.E. hwit -I- hl(kw, a hill, (burial)

mound]

WHITELEGG \ forms of Whiteley (q.v.)
WHITELEGGEJ with the guttural g of the
dat. form, ledge, of ledh, i., retained.

WHITELEY 1 (Eng.) Dweller at the White

WHITELY ] Lea [O.E. hwit + ledh (M.E.

ley), a meadow, field]

WHITELOCK (Eng.) i With a White Lock ;

White-haired ; Fair-haired [O.E. hwit

-t- locc, lock of hair, hair]

2 Dweller at the White Enclosure or

Stronghold [O.E. hwit -\- loc{a]

3 occ. for the A.-Sax. pers. name
Wihtldc = Sprite-Play [O.E. wiht, sprite,

elf -|- Idc, play, sport, etc.]

WHITEMAN I = White (q.v.) -(- man.
2 for WIghtman, q.v.

WHITEMORE (Eng.) i Dweller at the White
Moor [O.E. hwit + m6r]

2 occ. for the A.-Sax. pers. name

Wihtmcbr = Sprite-Famous [O.E. wiht,

sprite, elf -f mckre, famous, glorious]

WHITEOAK (Eng.) Dweller at the White
Oak [O.E. hwit 4- dc, oak-tree]

WHITER (Eng.) 1 Bleacher [O.E. hwit, white
-I- the agent, suff. -ere]

Cp. Whitster.

2 ocr. for the A.-Sax. pers. name

Wihthere = Sprite-Army [O.E. wiht,

sprite, &c. -f here, army]

There has been some confusion with
Whittier, q.v.

WHITES, White's (Son): v. White.

WHITESIDE (Eng.) Dweller at the White
Side (of a hill, dale, etc.) [O.E. hwit -\-

side]

Richard Whhside.—Hund. Rolls.

WHITETHREAD (Eng.)a curious corrupt form

of the common A.-Sax. pers. name

Wihtrckd = Sprite-Counsel [O.E. wiht,

sprite, &c. -|- rdd, counsel]

Wihtrmd was the name of a Kentish
king, d. A.D. 725.

WHITEWAY (Eng.) Dweller at the White
Way or Road [O.E. hwit -\- weg]

WHITEWOOD (Eng.) Dweller at the White
Wood [O.E. hwit + wudu]
Cp. Blackwood.

WHITEY (Eng.) Dweller at the White Hey
or Enclosure [O.E. hwit -h ge)hceg, haga]

Nicholas de la Wytheg'. — Hund. Rolls.

WHITFIELD (Eng.) Bel. to Whitfield; or

Dweller at i the White Field [O.E.

hwit 4- feld]

2 the Wheat-Field [O.E. hwckte -V feld]

In our 1 3th-ccnt. Rolls this local surname
occurs as Whytefeld and Wytefeld.

WHITFORD (Eng.) Dweller at the White
Ford [O.E. hwit -\-ford]

WHITGIFT (Eng.) Bel. to Whitgift (W. Yorks),
14th cent. Whidgift.

[This unique name is curious, and not
without difficulties. The I4th-cent. form,
however, gives us a good clue to the pro-
bable origin of the first element — O.E.
ge)hw(kde, small, slight ; and the second
may reasonably be supposed to be what
it seems — O.E. gift, denoting more esp. a
bridegroom's marriage-gift to his bride.
This interesting place-name therefore

Whitham

283

Whittham

app. exemplifies the famous old Teutonic
custom of giving a wife a present on the
morning after the wedding as the price of
her virginity, the act being crystallized in
the term 'morning - gift' — O.K. morgen-
gifu = O.N. morgingiof= Ger. morgengabe]

WHITHAM (Eng.) Dweller at the White
Enclcsure or Dwelling [O.E. hwit +

ham{m]

WHITING (Eng.) i the A.-Sax. pers. name

Hwiting = Hwit(a)'s Son [O.E. hwit,

white, fair + the ' son ' suff. -itig]

Gerin Wyting. — Hund. Rolls.
2 Dweller at the White Meadow [O.E.
hwit + O. North. & East. E. ing (O.N. eng),

a meadow]

WHITLAM, V. Whitelam.

WHITLEYl (Eng.) Dweller at i the White
WHITLIE J Field or Meadow [O.E. hwit +

ledh]
Simon de Whitleghe. —

Sams. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. 1327.
2 the Wheat-Field [O.E. hwdte +

ledh]
WHITLOCK = Whitelock, q.v.

WHITLOW (Eng.) Dweller at the White
HilL [O.E. hwit + hlcBw, a hill, (burial)

mound]
Cp. Whitelaw.

WHITMAN = Whiteman, q.v.

WHITMARSH (Eng.) Dweller at the White
Marsh [O.E. hwit + mersc]

WHITMELL (Eng.) = Whitmlll, q.v.

(Scand.) Dweller at the White Sand-
HiLL [O.N. hutt-r + mel-r, a sand-hill,

sand-bank]

WHITMILL (Eng.) Dweller at the White

Mill [M.E. whit, &c., O.E. hwit + M.E.

mille, &.C., O.E. myln]

WHITMORE (Eng.) Dweller at i the White
Moor [O.E. hwit + mor]

Whitmore, Staffs, was the Domesday
Witemore.

2 (occ.) the White Mere [O.E. hwit +

mere]
William de Witimere. —

Hund. Rolls (Salop)

WHITNALL \ (Eng.) Bel. to Whitnell (Soms.»),

WHITNELL I 14th cent. Whitenhull - the

White Hill [O.E. hwilan, obi. form of the

weak decl. -|- hyll]

WHITNEY (Eng.) Bel. to Whitney (Heref.),
13th cent. Wyttenye, Whiteney, A.-Sax.
*Hwilan-ig = Hwita's Island or Low
Riparian Land [Hwitaii-, genit. oiHwita,
f. hwit, white f ig, island, &c. (Whitney
is on the R. Wye)]

Eustachius de Wiiiteney. —

Charter-Rolls (Heref.), A.D. 1283-4.
There has been confusion with
Witney, q.v.

WHITRIDGE (Eng.) Dweller at the White
Ridge [O.E. hwit -\- hrycg]
More specif., Whitridge in Northum-
berland.

WHITRIGG (Scand.) Dweller at the White
Ridge [O.N. huit-r -\- hrygg-r]

Whitrigg, Cumb., was Whyterigg in the
14th cent.

WHITSON (Eng.) i White's Son : v. White.

2 for Whitsunday : a name given to

one born on that day [O.E. hwita sunnan-

dceg, lit. White Sunday]

William Wytesoneday. — Hund. Rolls.

WHITSTABLE (Eng.) Bel. to Whitstable

(Kent), 14th cent. Whitstaple = the White

Staple or Market [O.E. hwit ; and see

under Staple]

WHITSTER (Eng.) (orig. Female) Bleacher
[O.E. hwit, white -f- the fem. agent, suff.

-estre]

Whitster, sb., a bleacher. This word is

now almost obsolete, but 'Whitster's

Arms' is still a common alehouse sign. —

Lane. Gloss. (1875), p. 280.

Wh!™E^R^ } "■ Whitaker, Whitacre.

WHITTALL (Eng.) i Dweller at the White
Hall [O.E. hwit -I- h(e)all]

2 interchanged with Whittle, q.v.

WHITTAM for Whitham, q.v.

WHITTARD (Eng.) for the A.-Sax. pers. name

Wihth{e)ard = Sprite-Brave [O.E. wiht,

sprite, &c. -|- h(e)ard, hard, brave]

WHITTEAR = Whittier, q.v.

WHITTEMORE = Whitmore, q.v.

WHITTEN for Whitton, q.v.

WHITTER = Whiter, q.v.

WHITTERIDGE = Whitridge, q.v.

WHITTHAM = Whitham, q.v.

Whitthread

284

Whitwill

WHITTHREAD = Whitethread, q.v.

WHITTICK 1 (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name
WHITTOCK \Hwit{t)uc, HwU(t)oc, f. hwit =
WHITTUCK J White, with the dim.siiff.-uc-oc.

WHITTIER (Eng.) White-Leather Dresser;
Harness - Maker [M.E. whitetawier,
whitawyer, &c, (Dial. E. whit{t)awer) ; f.
M.E. whit{e, O.E. hwit, white, and M.E.
tawen, O.E. tdwian, to prepare or dress,

as skins]
Geoffrey le Whitetawier. —

Mun. Gildh. Loud.
Whitawer, a collar-maker or maker of
husbandry-harness. —

Northants Gloss., ii. 396.

Whittawer, one who "taws" whit-
leather ; also a husbandry-harness maker
or mender; speaking generally, a whit-
tawer is to a saddler what a cobbler is to
a shoemaker. — Leic. Gloss., p. 289.

WHITTING = Whiting, q.v.

WHITTINGHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Whittingham
(Northumb. : 14th cent. Whitingham ;
Lane: 13th cent. Whytingham,Dom<isOiay
Witingheham ; Haddington : 13th cent.
Whitingham), the A.-Sax. * Hwitinga-hdm
= the Home OF the Hwit(a Family [O.E.
hwit, white, fair -|- -inga, genit. pi. of the
fil. suff. -ing + ham, home, estate]
Robert Whittingham. —

Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1439-40.

WHITTINGSTALL for Whittonstall, q.v.

WHITTINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Whittington

(common): i the A.-Sax. *Hwitinga-tun =

the Estate of the Hwit(a Family [O.E.

hwit, white, fair -f- -inga, genit. pi. ot the

fil. suff. -ing -^ tiin, estate, farm, &c.]

2 for the A.-Sax. *//witoj-to'« = HwiTA's

Estate [Hwitan-, genit. sing. o( Hwita, f.

hwit, white, fair -f- tiin]

Whittington, Wore, occurs in a Latin
charter dated a.d. 816 ('Cart. Sax.' no.
357) as Huitingttin and Huuitingtun. The
Glouc. parish, formerly Whyttyngtone, was
Witetune in Doraesday-Bk. The Staffs
(Lichfield) village, 14th cent. Whitington,
was Hwituntun in the loth cent. Gt. Whit-
tington, Northumb., was Whitington Magna
a.d. 1296. The Lane, township was
Whityngton and Whytington in the 13th
cent., Witetune in Domesday-Bk.

Ric'us Whytington et Henr' London et
alij (London). —

Cal. Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1409-10.

Ric'us Whityngton et alij (London). —
do. do. A.D. 1410-11.

This is the Dick Whittington of legend-
ary-cat and pantomimic fame.

WHITTLE (Eng.) i Bel. to Whittle = (a) the
White Hill [O.E. hwit + hylX\
(6) the White Nook or Corner [O.E.
hwit -I- h{e)alh^
The Lane. Whittle (-le-Woods) was
Withul{l, Whithull, also app. Wythalg and
Quitehalhe, in the 13th cent., Whityll in ihf^
15th cent.; so that there has been early
contusion here, some of which is doubt-
less due to the lact that there are one or
two other small spots in Lane. o( the same
name.

2 = White (q.v.) [O.E. hwit'\ + the
dim. suff -el.

3 interchanged with Whittail, q.v.

WHITTOME for Whitham, q.v.

WHITTON (Eng.) i Bel. to Whitton (common)
= (a) the VVhite Farm or Hamlet [O.E.

hwit -j- tun']

(b) Hwita's Farm or Estate [Hwita, i.
O.E. hwit, wliite, fair]

2 = Wheaton, q.v.

WHITTONSTALL (Eng.) Bel. to Whittonstall
(Northumb.), a.d. 1307 Whitonstall =
(prob.) Hwita's Stall or Place [the
genit., Hwitan-, of the A.-Sax. pers. name
Hwita, f. O.E. hwit, white, fair ■\- O.N.E.
stall, place, stead, stall]

WHITTOW 1 (Scand.) Dwellerat the White
WHITTOWE J How, Hill, or Burial-Mound

[O.N. huit-r + haug-r]
(Eng.) Dweller at the White Hoe or

Hill [O.E. hwit + ho]

WHITTY, V. Whitey.

WHITWAM (Eng.) Dweller at the White
Corner [O.E. hwit ■\- hwamm, a corner,

angle]

WHITWELLl (Eng.) Bel. to Whitwell (com-

WHITWILL J mon) = the White or Clear

Spring [O.E. hwit -\- w(i)elld]

Two of the Yorks places so called were
Uuiteuella and Uuiteuuelle in Domesday-
Book.

Walter de Wytewelle. —

Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.
Johannes de Whitwell. —

Yorlis Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

Whitworth

285

Wickfield

WHITWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Whitworth =
the White Farmstead [O.E. hw{t+ war's]

Whitworth, Lane, was Whyteword in
the 13th cent., Wyteworth and Whiteworth
in the 14th.

WHITYER = Whittier, q.v.

WHOLESWORTH for Holdsworlh, q.v.

WHORMBY for Wharmby, q.v.

WHY I for Quy, q.v.
2 for Wye, q.v.

WHYATT for Wyatt, q.v.

WHYBREWl (Eng.) 1 Bel. to Whiteborough ;
WHYBRO Vor Dweller at the White Hill
WHYBROW J [O.E. hwit + beorh]

2 for Wybrow, q.v.

WHYMAN 1 Cowman [N.E. and Scot, why,

quy, Dan.-Norw. kvie, O.N. kuiga, a heifer,

+ man (Dan.-Norw. mand — pron. man —

O.N. maun-]

2 for Wyman, q.v.

WHYMPER (Eng.) for Whimperer [E. whim-
per = Ger. wimmern, to whimper : onoma-
topoeic]
WHYTE = White, q.v.

WHYTLAW = Whitelaw, q.v.

WIARD, see the commoner form Wyard.

WIATT, see Wyatt.

WIBBLE (Eng. andA.-Fr.-Teut.) adescendant
oilhe A.-Sax.Wibald,Wigh{e)ald = War-
Bold [O.E. wig, war, battle + b{e)ald,
bold, brave] ; and f. the homogeiielic Fr.
Guibal, O. Teut. Wifgjbald.

WIBERD 1 (Eng. andA.-Fr.-Teut.) the common
WIBERT J A.-Sax. Wigbe{o)rht(raTe\y Wiberht)
= War-Bright or -Illustrious [O.E.
wig, war, battle -|- be(o)rht, bright, bril-
liant, &c.]; and i. the homogenetic Fr.
&uibert (Domesday Guibertus), earlier
Wibert, O.Ger. Wibert, Wigber(h)t, &c.

Wiberht occurs as the name of a witness
to a Wore. (Lat.) charter c. a.d. 800. The
name of the French saint Guibert was
Latinized Vichbertus-

Adam Wyberd. — Hund. Soils.

WIBROW, see the commoner form Wybrow.

WICH (Eng.) Dweller at a Wick (v. Wick) ;

iDUt this palatal form Wich, Wych, refers

more particularly (in the Middle-West)

to salt-works [cp. O.E. s{e)aliwic]

WICK "I (Eng.) Bel. to Wick [O.E. wic (sg.),

WICKE J dwel]ing(s, village, market-place,&c.;

(pi.) camp, castle]

And was bar wonnand in fiat wik

jjat hight losep, a burges rile.

(And there was dwelling in that wick

[Capernaum]
One called Joseph, a rich burgess.) —
Cursor Mundi, 12491-2.

(Scand.) Be!, to Wick ; or Dweller at
a (small) Bay, Inlet, or Creek [O.N.k;^]

Cp. Week.
WICKEN (Eng.) i Dweller by a Mountain-
Ash [Dial. E. wicken for quicken (tree) ;
prob. so called from the sensitiveness of
the leaves : M.E. quik, O.E. cwic, Hving,
lively (cp. O.E. cwicbedm, aspen-tree]

Wicken, the mountain-ash or rowan-
tree. — S-W. Line. Gloss., p. 167.

At Seal Bank, near Greenheld, Saddle-
worth, is a place called the Wicken-Hole,
from the abundance of trees of this kind
growing there. — Lane. Gloss., p. 28 1.

Cp. Rowntree.

2 a pi. form of Wick, q.v.

WICKENDEN (Eng.) Divellcr at the Moun-
tain-Ash Valley or Hollow [v. under
Wicken, and -|- M.E. den{e, O.E. denu,

valley]

WICKENS (Eng.) i pi. of Wicken', q.v.
2 a weak form of Wilkins, q.v.

WICKER (Eng.) i = Wick (q.v.) -(- the E.
agent, suff. -er.

2 a descendant of the common A.-Sax.

pers. name Wihtgdr = Elf-Spear [O.E.

wiht, sprite, elf -|- gar, spear]

A Wihtgdr was a nephew of Cerdic, the
sixth-century king of Wessex.

v. Wicker.

WICKERS, Wicker's (Son) ]
WICKERSON, Wicker's Son J

WICKES I genit. of Wlck(e, q.v.

2 an assim. form of Wilkes, q.v.

WICKET(T(A.-Fr.-Teut.) Dweller by a Little
Gate [M.E. O.Fr. wiket (Fr. guichet); f.
(with Fr. dim. suff. -et) Teut., as O. Sax.
wikau = O.E. wican = Dut. wijken =
O.H.Ger. wihhan (mod. weichen), to yield,
give way = O.N. uikia, to move, turn,

yield]

WICKFIELD (Eng.) Dweller at the Wick-
Field [v. under Wick, and -|- M.E. O.E.

feld\

Wickham

286

Widowson

A Wykfeld occurs in the Charter-Rolls
for Staffs A.D. 1252-3; and a Wikefeld in
an Inq. ad q. Damn, for Berks A.D. 1314-15.

WICKHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Wickham (common);
or Dweller at the Wick-Meadow or
-Enclosure [v. under Wick, and -f O.E.

ham{m\

Thus Wickham in Berks, Hants, Essex,
and Kent occurs as Wicham in charters
of the A.-Saxon period.

WICKIN I an assim. form of Wilkin, q.v.
2 for WIcken, q.v.

WICKiNG (A.-Scand.) Viking, Pirate [O.E.
wicing, O.N. uiking-r]

WICKiNS, Wickin's (Son) : v. WIckin.

WiCKLEY (Eng.) Dweller at thd Wick-Lea
[v. under Wick, and -|- O.E. leak (M.E.
ley), a meadow]
Cp. Wigley'.

WICKLIFFE, V. the commoner WyclifFe.

WiCKNER 1 (Eng.) Bailiff, Steward [O.E.
WICKNOR I wicnere]

WICKS I genit. of Wick, q.v.

2 an assim. form of Wilkes, q.v.

WICKSTEAD 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Wickste(a)d [v.

WICKSTED I under Wick and Stead ; the

WICKSTEED ) O.E. wkstede denotes literally

'dwelling-place', as in the quotations ; but

as a place-name the connotation seems

to imply community — 'village-community':

see the quotation from the Cumbd. Gloss.

under Stead as to common rights]

wongas [fields, plains] and wlc stede. —
Beowulf, 4915.

wlc stede weligne

[accus,]
Wcfegmundinga

dwelling-place

prosperous
of the Wffegmund

family. —
Bedwulf, 5207-8.

The chief source of the surname is the
Cheshire Wicksted, 14th cent. Wykstede,
Wyckesiede.

WIDCOMBE(Eng.)Bel.toWidcombe(Soms. = :
14th cent. Wydecombe, loth cent, wida
cumb — 'on widan curnb'); or Dweller at the
Wide Valley [O.E. w(d -f cumb (Celt.):

V. Combe]

WIDDEN (Eng.) Dweller at i the Wide

Valley [O.E. wid + denu]

2 the Wide Hill [O.E. wid + dun]

In Eng. place-names -den is frequently
for -don [O.E. diin, a hill, down]: cp. the
Devon place-name Widden Down.

WIDDER"! (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name

WIDER J Widhere = Great Army [O.E.

wid, wide, great -f- here, army]

WIDDERS I Widder's (Son) : v. Widder.

2 for Widdows.

WIDDICOMB(E (Eng.) Bel. to Widdecombe
(Devon) ; or Dweller at the Withy-
Valley [O.E. wmg{= O.H.Ger. wida,
M.H.Ger. wide), withy, willow -|- cumb
(L Celt.), valley]

A wi'Sigcumb occurs in a Soms. charter
A.D. 854 ('Cart. Sax', no. 476).

WIDDISON for Widdowson, q.v.

WIDDOWS (Eng.) (the) Widow's (Son)
[M.E. wid{e)we, O.E. widwe, widow]

WIDDOWSON^ (Eng.) (the) Widow's Son
[M.E. wid{e)we, O.E. widwe, widow]

WIDFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Widford ; or Dweller
at the Wide Ford [O.E. wid + ford]

A wida ford occurs in a loth-cent. Wilts
charter ('Cart. Sax', no. 756).

WIDGAR 1 (Teut.) the common A.-Sax. pers.

WIDGER J name Wihtgdr (occ.Witgdr), O.Ger.

Wi{h)tger = Elf-Spear (magic speai)

[O.E. O.Sax. O.H.Ger. wiht, creature,

elf, demon -f O.E. gdr = O.Sax. O.H.

Ger. g^r (O.N. geir-r), a spear, javelin]

The voicing of Mo rf in the surnames
is due to the influence of the following
voiced letter g.

WIDGERY (Eng.) a palatalized descendant of

the A.-Sax. Wigric = War-Rhler

[O.E. wig, war -|- rica, ruler]

WIDGINGTON, a palatal form of WiggintOn,
q.v.

WIDMER (Eng.) i the A.-Sax. pers. name

Widmckr = Far-Famed [O.E. wid, wide,

far -{- mikre, famous]

2 Dweller at the Wide Mere [O.E.

wid -f- mere, a lake]

Widmerpool, Notts, is 'Widmeer's Pool',
as the I2th-cent. form Widmespol and the
Domesdajr Wimarspol show.

WIDNELL for Withnell, q.v.

WIDOWSON(Eng.) (the) Widow's Son [O.E.
wid{u)we + sunu]
William le Widwesone. —

Plac. de quo Warr,

Wier

287

Wigham

WIER = Weir, q.v.

wIpFm' 1 "^"^^ °^ Whiffen, Whiffln, q.v.

WIGAN (Eng.) 1 Bel. to Wigan (Lane), 13th
cent. Wygayn, Wygati, Wigan [Although
this place is evidently very ancient no
very early forms of the name are found.
At first sight the name would seem to be
the genit., wigan-, of O.E. wiga, warrior
(cp. the wigan camp of loth-cent. Sussex
charters : 'Cart. Sax", nos. 834, 1125), with
a lost local second element ; but more or
less reliable history tells us that several
battles were fought in the neighbourhood
between the Britons and the Saxons
(Iligdeu's 'Polychronicon', bk. v.) and
"the fact remains that large quantities
of bones of men and horses have from
time to time have been turned up here''.
1 believe that the name is the pi., wigan,
of O.E. wiga, warrior, the reference being
to the slain in these battles, and the
inference being that the bodies were so
numerous as to preclude immediate burial
and thus to give a distinctive name to the

battle-area]
. . . sub urbe de Wygan. —

Higden's Polychronicon, bk. v.

. . . under the citee of Wygan.—

Trevisa's Transl. A.D. 1387.

Wiganthorp(e,Yorks, is a different name,
the Domesday Wichingastorp {ch as k)
showing tliat it represents the 'Viking's
Thorp'.

2 the I3th-cent. pers. name Wygan,
Wygeyn, Wigeyn ; repr. the O.E. wigend,
Warrior [ = O.Sax.«;(^a«(f and O.H.Ger.
wigant (mod. Weigand — a Ger. surname]
Wygan le Bretun. — Hund. Rolls.
WIGAND, v. under Wigan^
WIGANS, WiGAN's (Son): v. Wigan'.

WiGFALL (Soand.) Dweller at (app.) the

Battle-Hill [O.N. uig, battle, war -|-

fiall, a hill, mountain]

A 'Henricus de Wigfall' occurs in the
Yorks PoU-Tax, a.d. 1379 ; but it does not
necessarily follow that the spot in ques-
tion is in Yorkshire. An A.-Sax. equivalent
would be *wigbeorh, which is prob. the
original of the Essex Wigborough, where
is a tumulus "supposed to mark the spot
where those slain in a battle with the
Northern pirates were buried."

WIGFIELD seems merely to be a voiced form
of Wicl<fleld (qv.), and not to contain the
O.E. wig, 'war', 'battle', or the pers. name
formed thereon.

WIGFULLforWigfail, q.v.

WIGG (Teut.) War; Warrior [13th cent.

Wygge, Wigge, A.-Sax. Wigga, Wicga,

Wiga, Wig ( = O.Ger. Wigo, Wigi, &c.,=

O.N. Uigi) — wig. war ; wiga, warrior]

Wig, a descendant of Woden (who prob.
fl. in the 3rd cent. A.D.), was an ancestor
of the kings of Wessex.

WiGGAN, v. Wigan.

WIGGANS, V. Wigans.

WIGGETT 1 (A.-Fr.-Tent.) = Wigg (q.v.) -|-
WiGGOTT ) the Fr. dim. suff. -et, -ot.

The modern French surnames are
Viguet, Vigot.

(Eng.) descendants of the A.-Sax. pers.

name Wigod, Wiggod = War-God [O.E.

wig, war -|- god, a god]

Adam Wigod. — Hund. Rolls.

WIGGIN (A.-Fr.-Teut.)
Fr. dim. suff. -in.

Wigg (q.v.) + the

(Eng.) for Wigan, q.v.

WIGGINS, WiGGiN's (Son) l^wyi^^in
WIGGINSON, Wiggin's Son/ ""'esm-

WIGGINTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wigginton (sev-
eral), A.-Sax. *Wig(g)an-tun = Wig(g)a's
Estate \Wig{g)ati-, genit. ot Wiglg)a (v.
Wigg) -I- C3.E. tun, farm, estate, &c.]
Wigginton, Staffs, was Wicgintun in the
nth cent. ; also Wigetone (Domesday-Bk.).
The Oxfordsh. parish was Wygynton in
the 13th cent. The Herts place was
Wygenton in the 131)1 cent. The N. Yorks
township was Wichisiun in Domesday-
Bk., as if the scribe thought that the pers.
name was Wigg{e (genit. Wigges).

WIGGLESWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Wiggles-
worth (Yorks), 14th cent. Wyielsworth,
Wyglesworth, Domesday Wincheleswrde,
A.-Sax. *Wigeleswor^ = Wigel's Estate
or Farm [the pers. name (with dim. suff.
-el) is f. O.E. wig, war, or wiga, warrior
(the same name with further dim. suff.
-in, Wigelin — 'Wigelines beam', i.e. child
— occurs in the A.-Sax. poem describing
the Battle of Maldon A.D. 993) : —
+ O.E. wor'S, estate, &c.]

The Domesday form seems to be
merely an accidental nasalization.

WIGGS, Wigg's (Son) : v. Wigg.

WIGHAM for Wickham, q.v.

Wight

288

Wilburton

WIGHT (A.-Scand.) Agile, Strong [M.E.
wyght, wight, wiht (M. Scot, wicht), active,
strong ; O.N. uigt, neut. of uig-r, fit for

fighting]

Sire Werch-wel-with-thyn-hand,
A wight man of strengthe. —

Piers Plowman, 5194-5.

. . . she [Cenobia] koude eke

Wiastlen, by verray force and verray myght.

With any yong man, were he never so wight. —

Chaucer, Cant. Tales, B 3455-57.

See also the quotations under Wallace.

(Eng.) tlie A. -Sax. pers. name Wiht
(also Wihta), common as the first element
in compound names [O.K. wiht, elf, sprite,

creature]

WIGHTMAN = Wight (q.v.) -f man.

WIGHTWICK (Eng.) Bel. to Wightwick, the

A.-Sax. *Wihtan-wic = Wihta's Wick

[Wihtan-, genit of Wihta : v. Wight' +

O.E. wic: V. Wick]

WIGINTON, v. Wigginton.

WIGLESWORTH, v. Wigglesworth.

WIG LEY (Eng.) i Bel. to Wigley (Derbysh.),
131I1 cent. Wyggeley, A.-Sax. *Wigfg)an-
ledh = 'WiG{G)A's Lea [Wigig)an-, genit. of
Wig(g)a: V. Wigg + O.E. ledh (M.E. ley),

a meadow]

2 Bel. to Wigley (Hants), A.-Sax.

Wicledh ('Dipl. Angl.', p. 495) = the

Wick-Lea [v. under Wick ; and -|- O.E.

ledh, a meadow]

WIGMAN (Eng.) Soldier [O.E. wigmatm; f.
wig, war : conesp. to O.N. uiemai-r.

warrior]
WIGMOND, V. Wigmund.

WIGMORE (Eng.) i Bel. toWigmore (Heref. ;

Salop), A.-Sax. *W''i;g-(^)fl?;-»j(>r=WiG(G)A's

Moor [Wig{g)an-, genit. of Wig(g)a : v.

Wigg -t- O.E. mdr (M.E. mor{e]

Abbas et Conventus de Wiggeraore. —

Charter-Rolls (Heref.), A.D. 1264-5.

Prior Abbacie de Wigmore. —

Ing. ad q. Damn. (Heref.), A.D. 1332.

2 for the A.-Sax. pers. name Wigmckr =

War-Kenowned [O.E. wig, war, battle

-|- mdere, famous, &c.]

WIGMUND (Eng.) the common A.-Sax. pers.
name Wigmund='W ak-Vrotechovl [O.E.
wig, war, battle -(- mund, (lit.)hand, pro-
tection, protector]

A Wigmund was the son of Wiglaf, a
9th-cent, king of the Mercians,

WIGNALL (Eng.) Bel. to Wiggenhall (Norf.),
13111 cent. Wigenhale, O.Angl. *Wig{g)an-
hall = Wig(g)a's Hall lWig(g)an-, gen\t.
of Wig(g)a: v. under Wigg -1- O.Angl.

hall]

WIG RAM (Teut.) War-Raven [O.Teut. wig,

war -I- ram, as in O.H.Ger. h)ram = O.E.

hnem{n, raven]

WIGSON (Eng.)WiG(G)'sSoN : v. under Wigg.

WIGSTON I (Eng.) Bel. to Wigston (Leic),

WIGSTONE I early-iith-cent, Wiggestdn =

Wigg's (Stone) Castle [v. under Wigg ;

and -I- O.E. stdn]

WIGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wigton, A.-Sax.

*Wig{g)antun = Wig(g)a's Estate or

Farm [Wig(g)a7i-, genit. of Wig(g)a : v.

under Wigg -|- O.E. ttin, farm, &c.J

The Cnmbld. place was Wigeton in the
13th cent., Wiggeton 12th cent. The Scot,
burgh was Wyggeton in the 13th cent.

WIG Z ELL (Eng.) Bel. to Wigsell (Suss.), anc.
Wigsale = Wig's Hall [the genit., PFjIg-gi-,
of Wig: v. under Wigg -t- O.E. seel, hall]

WIKE, a form of Wick, q.v.

Walter de la W'ike.—Hund. Rolls.

Wike, Harewood, Ycirks, was Wic in
Domesday-Bk.

I = Wike, Wick (qv) -I- man.

WIKEMAN
WIKMAN

WILBERFORCE (Scand.) Bel. to Wilberfoss
(Yoiks), 13th cent. Wylberfosse = WiL-
borg's Waterfall [O.N. foss, fors,

waterfall]

WILBRAHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Wilbraham
(Camh.: A.Sax.Wilburgehdm, 'Dipl.Angl'.,
p. 597 ; Chesh.: A.D. 1303-4 Wilberham)
= Wilbukg's Home or Estate [A.-Sax.
Wilburge, genit. of Wilburg (fem.) : v.
Wilbur + ham, home, &c.]

WILBUR (Eng.) the A.-Sax. fem. name Wil-

burh or Wilburg = Beloved Stronghold

or City [f. O.E. wil(l)a, will, wish, joj',

thing desired or beloved -f- burh, burg, a

fortified place]

A Wilbiirh was a daughter of Penda,
the 7th-cent. king of Mercia.

The cognate Mod. Scand. (fem.) name
is Vilborg.

WILBURTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wilburton

(Camb.), A.D. 970 Wilburhtiin ('Cart. Sax'.

no. 1268) = WiLBURH's Estate [v. under

Wilbur; and -f O.E. tiin]

Wilby

289

Wildsmith

WILBY (Scand.) Bel. to Wilby (Northants,
Norf., Suff.), 13th cent, usually Wylleby,
Wyleby = UiLi's Farm or Estate [the
pers. name (= A.-Sax. Willa) is f. O.N.
uili (genit. uilia), will, desire, joy, &c. : —
+ by-r, farmstead, &c.]

There has been some confusion with
Welby.

WILCOCK 1 14th cent. Wylcoc, Wylkok, Wil-
WILCOCKE I kok, 13th cent. Wilecoc, Wilecocc
= Will (pers.), q.v. + the pet swfi.-cock.

There has been some confusion with
Wilcot(t.

WILCOCKS, WiLCOCK's (Son) , \
WILCOCKSON, WiLCOCK's Son J vwiicooK.

Adam Wylltokson. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D.

1379-

WILCOT(T (Enp.) Bel. to Wilcot (Wilts ;
13th cent. Wilecole, Wikoie, loth cent,
'xXwilcottim —Asit. pi. ; Oxon, Salop ; also
Willicote, Glouc. : a.d. 1400-1 Willicotes,
Domesday Wilcote) [O.E. cot (nom. and
accus. pi. cotu, dat. pi. cotum), cottage.
The first element is not so easy as it
looks: it is perhaps natural to see in it
a form of O.E. wyll{a, wi{e)ll(a, a spring,
well ; but this is unlikely because 'of
abbodes wylle' (from the abbot's spring)
occurs within a few words of the wil cotum
quoted above from charter no. 748, a.d.
940, in 'Cart. Sax'. : the form also pre-
cludes a pers. name ; and O.E. wil(l)a
(compounded wil(l-), desire, pleasure, joy
is improbable : I believe that wil here
must represent a cognate of the O.N. tiil,
misery, wretchedness ; (compounded)
miserable, wretched — the inference being
that the cottages in question were
dilapidated]

There has been confusion with Wiloock.
WILCOX for Wlloocks, q.v.

W,'l:c§XEN}^-Wilcockson.q,v.

WILD "I (Eng.) 1 Savage, Fierce, Un-
WILDEJ GOVERNED [M.E. wild{e, wyld{e, O.E.

wilde]
Walter le Wilde.— iJuMif. Rolls.

"2 Dweller at a Weald [O.E. weald,

forest]

Here the form of the name shows that
there has been confusion with M.E.
liiildie, O.E. wilde, uncultivated, desert.

There 's a franklin in the wilde of Kent. —
I. Hen. IV., Il.i. 60.

The Weald of Sussex is always spoken
of as The Wild by the people who live in
the Downs. —

Parish, Diet. Suss. Dial. (1875). P- 'So-

WILDASH for Wildlsh, q.v.

WILDBLOOD (Eng.) a nickname for a Rake
[O.E. wilde + bl6d\

Richard Wyldeblode. —

York Minster Fabric-Rolls.

WILDBORE (Eng.) a nickname (rom the Wild

Boar [M.E. ,wild{e, O.E. wilde + M.E.

bore, O.E. bar']

WILD(E)GOOSE (Eng.) a nickname from the
Wild Goose [O.E. wilde + gds"]

WILDER (Eng) represents the common
A.-Sax. pers. name Wealdhere = Mighty
Army [O.E. ge)weald, power, might -|-

here, army]
Cp. Walder and Walter.

WILDERS, Wilder's (Son) : v. Wilder.

WILDERSPIN (Eng.) Dweller by the Wild-
Animals' Enclosure [the genit. of O.E.
wilder, wildeor, wild animal, deer -\- pund,
enclosure, pound]
Cp. Wetherspoon.

WILDES, Wild(e)'s (Son) : v. Wild(e'.

WILDEY 1 (Eng.) i = Wild(e' (q.v.) -|- the E.
WILDAYJ dim. suff. -{e)y.

2 Dweller at the Wild or Unculti-
vated Hay or Enclosure [O.E. wilde

+ haga]

WILDING (Eng.) i for the A.-Sax. pers. name
Wealding = Weald(a)'s Son \Weald(a
f. O.E. ge)weald, power, might -}- the 'son'

suff. -ingl

2 Diveller at the Wild or Unculti-
vated Lea [O.E. wilde + O.N.E. -ing
(O.N. eng), lea, meadow]

WILDISH (Eng.) "The surname Wildish was
prob. given to its first bearer not from
any particular wildness of demeanour but
because he came I'rom the wild [cp.
Wild"] or weald of Sussex. The peasants
who go to the South -Down farms to
assist in the labours of harvest are still
called by their hill - country brethren
Wildish-meu." — Lower, Eng. Surn., i. 57.

WILDMAN = Wild (q.v.) -|- man.

WILDS, Wild's (Son): v. Wild'.

WILDSMITH (Eng.) Weald-Smith [v. Wild"

and Smith]

Wildy

290

Wilier

WILDY = Wildey, q.v.

WILEMAN for Wildman, q.v.

WILES I ior Wildes, q.v.

2 a diphthongized form of Wills, q.v.

WILEY (Eng.) i = Wylie, q.v.

2 Wily, Sly . [f. O.E. wil, a wile]

WILFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Wilford (Notts), 13th
cent. Wyleford, Wylleford, late 12th cent.
Wileford, Domesday Wilesforde (where the
palatal .y {sh), as in other cases, represents
O.E!. guttural g) = the Willow -Ford
[O.E. wylig, welig, a willow-tree ■\- ford'\

As the parish-church is dedicated to St.
WiUrid, local historians have assumed
that Wil- is a contraction of the saint-
name ; but the early forms are wholly
against this theory.

The Suffolk Hundred of Wilford has
prob. the same etymology.

Cp. Welford'.

WILGOOSE for Wild(e)goose, q.v.

WILIE: v. Wylie.

WILIES: WiLlE's (Son).

LK "1

l^l^g. \ I a shortening of Wilkin, q.v.

2 for Willock, q.v.

WILKENS = Wilkins, q.v.

WILKERSON for Wilkinson, q.v.

WILKES, WiLK(E)'s (Son) : v. Wilk(e.

WILKEYl = Wilk(e (q.v.) + the E. dim. suff.
WILKIE ] -{e)y, -ie.

WILKIN (Eng.) the I3th-cent. Wylekin, Wilekin,
late- I2th- cent. Wil{l)ekin, Wilechin, a
double dim. of William, q.v. [£. (double)
dim. suff. -kin, O.L. Teut. -k-{n\
We find the form Uuillikin in a loth -
nth cent. 'Index Bonorum ' of the
Abbey of Werden-an-der-Ruhr.

WILKINS, Wilkin's (Son) 1 ,,,.,,.
WILKINSON, Wilkin's Son / "■ '""Kin-
Christopher Wilkyns. —

MSS. Dn. & Ch. Wells, A.D. 1546-7.
Adam Wylkynson. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.
Richard Wilkynson, baxter.
Nicholas Wilkynson, sherman, alias
Nicholas Shermon. —

Chester Freemen Rolls, A.D. 1474-5.

WILK
Wl

WILKS, Wilk's (Son) : v. Wilk.
WILKSHIRE for Wiltshire, q.v.
WILKSON, Wilk's Son : v. Wilk.
WILL (Eng.) I a dim. of William, q.v.

2 the A.-Sax. pers. name Willa [f. O.E.
willa, will, determination, pleasure, thing

desired or valued]

Here is Wil wolde wife [know],
If wit koude teche hym. —

Piers Plowman, 5148-9.

3 Dweller at a Well [M.E. will{e, O.E.

wylla, a spring]
William atte Wille.—

Soms. Subs. Roll, A.D. 1327.

WILLAN for Willin, q.v.

WILLANS, Willan's (Son).

WILLARD (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name
Wilh{e)ard — Resolutely Brave [v.
under Will' and -|- O.E. h{e)ard, hard,

brave]
(A.-Fr.-Teut.) the French Guillard:
(a) f. the O.Ger. Will{h)ard, Willihard,
cogn. of A.-Sax. Wilh{e)ard [as above] ;
(6) f. the first element of one or other of
the O.Teut. Will- names -|- the Fr. dim.
suff. -ard [O.Frank, hard, hard, brave]

WILLASTON(Eng.)Bel.toWillaston(Chesh.2;
Salop) = Wiglaf's Estate [the common
A.-Sax. pers. name (here in the genit.)
Wigldf is compounded of wig, war, battle,
and Id/, relic : 1- tiin, farm, manor, &c.]

Willaston, Wirral, was anc. Wilaveston;
Willaston, Nantwich, was Wylaston in
the 14th cent.

WILLATT (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the French Guillat,l
the first elem. of one or other of the
O.Teut. Will- names [v. under Wilier]
-f the Fr. dim. suff. -at.

Cp. Willett, Willott.

WILLATTS, WiLLATT's (Son).

WILLCOCK = Will (pers.), q.v. -|- the E. pet
suff. -cock.

w!!:LCOx'^^}W"-^^°™'^(Son).

WILLDER = Wilder, q.v.

WILLER (Teut.) Beloved Army [A.-Sax.
Wilhere = O.Ger. Williheri, &c. (whence
Fr. Guiller) — O.E. willa = O.Sax. willio
= O.H.Ger. willo, willio (mod. wille) =
Goth, wilja = O.N. uili = Dut. wil (Fris.
wille), will, pleasure, thing desired or be-
loved -I- O.E. here = O.Sax. O.H.Ger.
heri = Goth, harji-s (ace. hari) = O.N.
her-r = Dut. heer, army, host]

Willes

291

Willicombe

WILLES = Willis, q.v.

WILLET(T(A.-Fr.-Teut.) the common French
Guillet, f. the first elem. of one or other of
the O.Teut. Will- names [v. under Wilier]
+ the Fr. dim. suff. -et.

Cp. Willatt, Willott.
WILLET(T)S, WiLLET(T)'s (Son).

q.v. + the E.

WILLEY (Eng.) i = Will'
dim. sufl. -ey.

2 Bel. to Willey (common) = (a) the
Willow [O.E. wylig, wilig, welig]

(b) the Willow-Lea [O.E.wyligt&c. +

ledh]

(c) the Well-Lea [O.E. wylla + ledh]

(d) WiLLA's Island [O.E. i{e)g, island.

low riparian land]

Wiley, or Wylye, Wilts, was Wilig,
Welig, in the A. - Saxon period (the
Wilts river Wil{l)ey was also Wilig).
Willey, Salop, was Wyliley and Wileiley
in the early 14th cent. Wil(l)ey, Herts,
was Wylye and Wyly in the 13th cent.
Willey, Warw., was Wilee in the 12th
cent., Welie in Domesday-Bk. Willey,
Beds, was Wylye in the 13th cent. 14th-
cent. records also mention a Wylye m
Essex and a Wylley in Notts.

The Weoledh ('t6 wed ledge' — dat.) of an
early-ioth-cent. charter (' Cart. Sax.' no.
627) is identified by Mr. Ed. Smith as
Willey near Farnham, Surrey. The name
prob. means ' Wee Lea.'

WILLGOOSE for Wildgoose, q.v.

WILLIAM (Eng. and A.-Fr.-Teut.) Beloved
Helm(et, i.e. Protector [for the first
elem. see under Wilier, and + O.Teut.
helm, as in O.E., O.Fris., O.Sax. and
O.H.Ger. helm = O.N. hjdlm-r = Goth.

hilm-s]

Although Wilhelm is given in the
A.-Saxon genealogies as being the name
of a great-great-grandfather of the early-
7th-cent. E. Angl. king Raedwald, and
Willelm was an nth -cent, bishop of
London, the name was not common
among the A.-Saxons; and William owes
its popularity in this country to the first
two post - Conquest rulers, who are
referred to in the A.-Sax. Chronicle as
Willelm (' Willelm cyng'). The Old Ger.
forms were Willihelm (mod. Wilhelm) and
Willehalm = O.Norse Uilhjdlm-r (mod.
Vilhelm) = Dut. Willem. Froissart has
Guillaumes (' Guillaumes de Gauville '),
with nom. suff, -s\ and this is the form

used in the 13th cent, by de Joinville
(' Guillaumes de Bouon ') and his con-
temporary Jehan Sarrazin ('Guillaumes
Longue Espee quens [count] de Sales-
bieres en Engleterre '). In 'Raoul de
Cambrai ' (ed. Soc. des anc. textes franf.)
the form is Willaume. In the " chanson
de geste " ' Aliscans ' we find ' Li quens
Guillames. Guillaume IX, Due d'Aquitaine
(d. a.d. 1127), who wrote poems (pre-
served) in the Provenfal language, was
called Guillem. The nth-cent, poem de-
scribing the ' Voyage de Charlemagne a
Jerusalem, &c.' has ' Guillelmes d'Orenge';
the ' Chanson de Roland,' 'Willalme de
Blaive, ' The L.Latin forms were
Willelmus {as in Domesday-Book), Willem-
us, and Guillelmus.

Tho [when] Willam bastard hurde telle
of Haraldes suikelhede [treachery]. —

Rob. Glouc. Chron., 7332.

For what thing Willam wan a day with
his bowe,

Were it fethered foul, or foure foted
best,

■ Ne wold this William never on with
hold to himselvp. —

William and the Werwolf, p. 8.

It had bene better of William a-Trent
To have bene abed with sorrowe. —
Robin Hood & Guy of Gisborne, 77-8.

Guillaume is very common in France as
a surname as well as christian name; and
it has numerous derivatives.

The first of the above two facsimiles is
from the Sussex Domesday-Book. The
second, reproduced from Lower's 'Hand-
book tor Lewes ' (ed. 1855), is from an
inscription on a leaden coffin believed to
date trom a i3th-cent. reijiterment of the
remains of William de Warenne, founder
of Lewes Priory c. 1078: the curl at the end
ot the name is the usual mediaeval con-
traction representing -us-

WILLIAMS, William's (Sou) "1
WILLIAMSON, William's Son J

WILLICOMBE = Wellicombe, q.v.

William.

Willie

WILLIE I = Will',', q.v. + the N.E. and Scot,
dim. suff. -ie.

Well agreed, Willie [var. Willye] : then
sitte thee dowiie, swayne. —

Spenser, Shep. Cal. (Aug.)

Of all thir maidens mild as mead
Was nane sae jimp [smart] as Gillie . . .
Though a' her kin had sworn her dead
She wad hae but sweet Willie [var.
Willy]. — Christ's Kirk on the Green, 20-26.
2 for Willey^, q.v.

WILLIES, Willie's (Son) : v. Willie.

WILLIMOTT, V. Willmott.

WILLIN = Wlll^^ + the Fr. dim. suff. -in.

Ricardus Wylyn. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

Guillin is a fairly common French
surname.

WILLING I for Willln, q.v.

2 the A.-Sax. Willing = Willa's .Son
[v. WilP, and + the O.E. fil. suff. -ing\

WILLINGHAM ( Eng. ) Bel. to Willingham

(several) [O.E. hdm, home, estate : for the

first elem. V. under Wlllington]

One of the Line, places was Willing-
ham A.D. 1317-18. The Domesday form,
Wivelingeham, of theCamb. parish points
to an A.-Sax. *Wifelinga-hdm = the Home
or Estate of the Wifel Family [-inga,
genit. pi. of the 'son' suff. -ing + O.E.
hdm, home, estate : v. WIvell]

WILLINGS, WiLLiNG's (Son).

WILLINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Willington
(several) [O.E. tiin, farm, estate : the first
elem. is ol diverse origin — thus the Domes-
day form, Ullavintone, of the Warw.
Willington postulates an orig. A.-Sax.
*Wulfldfinga-tun = the Estate of the
Wdlflaf i'"AMiLY ; the forms Wiflinctun,
Wivelinton, of the Durh. place in the Feod.
Prior. Dunelm. imply an A.-Sax. *Wifel-
inga - tiin = the Estate of the Wifel
Family ; the Chesh. Willington occurs as
Wilanton, Wylanton, A.p. 1302-4, implying
an A.-Sax. *Wil{l)an-tun = Wil(l)a's
Estate ; whereas the normal A.-Sax. form
of Willington would be * Willinga-tun — the
Estate of the Willa Family, which is
prob. the meaning of the Shropsh. place-
name {Willinton a.d. 1243-4). But the
Bedf. place-name, Willintone A.B. 1315-16,
was Wyliton A.D. 1291, in Domesday-Bk.
Welitone, implying the Willow Enclo-
sure or Farm [O.E. wylig, welig -\- tun]

WILLINK, a var. of Willing, q.v.

292

Wilioughby

v.Willin.

WILLINS.Willin's (Son)
WILLINSON, WiLLiN's Son

WILuls } Willie's (Son) 1^.,,,^
WILLISON, Willie's Son J

AddmWylis.— York.<! Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

WILLMAN (Eng.) tlie A.-Sax. Wilman =

Beloved Man [f. O.K.willa, will, pleasure,

thing desired or beloved, -f- man{n: cp.

O.E. wil{l}f(kmne, beloved maid]

WILLMENT for Willmond, q.v.

WILLIVIER l(Teut. ) Belovedly Famous

WILLMORE I [O.Teut. Willimar, Willemar,

&c. : v. under Wilier, and + O.H.Gei'. and

O.L.Ger. mdri = Goth, mer-s = O.E.

mdkre = O.N. mcer-r, famous, illustrious]

The I3th-cent. Hundred-Rolls contain
both Wilmer and Wilmar as surnames.

Tlie homogenetic Guillemer is now rare
in France.

WILLMETT 1 the common French Guillemet,
WILLMITT J f. Guillem (Guillaume), with dim.
suff. -et: v. William.

WILLMOND (Eng.) Beloved Protector

[A.-Sax. Wilmutid: v. under Wilier, and -t-

O.E. mund, (lit.) hand, protector]

WILLMOT \ I the common French Guillemot,
WILLIVIOTT J f. Guillem {Guillaume), with dim.
suff. -ot: V.William.

2 the O.Teut. Willimot, Wilmod, &c. =
Beloved Heart or Mind [v. under Wilier,
and -f- O.H.Ger. tnuot (mod. mut), O.Sax.
O.Fris. O.E. mdd = Dut. moed = Goth.
mod-s = O.N. mrfS-r, mind, heart, courage,
wrath (mood]

Henry Wilmot. — Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.
Wylymot, svvynhird. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, 1379.

WILLOCK (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Willoc [f. O.E.
willa, will, pleasure, thing desired or be-
loved 4- the dim. suff. -oc]

WILLOCKS, WiLLOCKS (Son).

WILLOTT, the common French Guillot, f. the
first element of one or other of the O.Teut.
Will- names [v. under Wilier] -|- the Fr.
dim. suff. -ot.

Cp. Willatt, Willett.

WILLOUGHBY (Scand.) Bel. to Willoughby
(several) = the Willow-Farm [f. an O.N.
cognate {*uilgi-r) of O.E. wylig = L.Ger.
wilge = Dut. wilg, willow -|- O.N. by-r,

farmstead]

Willows

293

Wiltshier

One of the Line, townships occurs as
Willahyg in tlie 11th cent.; another as
Wyhigheby in tlie i3tli cent. The Warw.
parish, Wylughbi in the 14th cent., was
Wilebei in Domesday-Book. Tuo of the
three Notts places were Wilghebi c. 1200
and Wilgebi in Doinesday-Blc, in wliich
the Leic. Willoughby is entered as
Wilechebi {ch for g).

WILLOWS (Eng.) Dweller at the WiLLOW-
Trees [O.E. wylig, wclig, a willow]

Johannes atte Wylowes. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

WILLOX for Willooks, q.v.

WILLS I Will's (Son) : v. WilM,^

2 Dweller at the Wells : v. Will''.

WILLSHER
Wl

WILLSON, Will's Son: v. WilP,^

Cp. Wilson.

WILLY = Willey, q.v.

WILLYAMS = Williams, q.v.

WILMAN: v. Willman.

LLlHIRE}f°'^Wi't^'^"'«''l-^-

V. Wlllmer.

WILMER 1
WILMOREJ

WILMINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wilmington
(several), normally i Ihe A.-Ss-^.^'Wighelm-
inga-tun = the Estate of the Wighelm
Family; 2 A.-Sax. *Wynhelminga-tun =
the Estate of the Wynhelm Family
[-inga, genit. pi of the fil. suff. -iiig + itin,
estate, manor, farmj

The Kent parish was Wilmington in the
14th cent., Wilminton and Wylmingtun
in the 13th cent. The Suss, place was
Wilmyngton, Wilmington, c. a.d. 1300.

But the Soms. hamlet was Wynlmdiddun
in the 10th cent. C Cart. Sax.' no. 1099) =
Wynel's Mead Down or Hill.

WILMOT 1 ^ vVillmot(t, q.v.
WILMOTT/ vvnimouL, q.v.

WILMSHURST (Eng.) Bel. to Wilmshurst

[O.E. hyrst, a wood : the first element is

an A.-Sax. pers. name in the genit. —

Wighelm, Wynhelm, or Wilhelm]

Wl LMSLOW (Eng.) Bel. to Wilmslow (Chesh.)

[O.E. hlckw, a (burial) mound, hill : for the

first elera. see under Wilmshurst]

WILSDEN \ ( Eng. ) Bel. to i Willesden
WILSDON J (M'sex), the Domesday Welles-
done, lothceiit. Willesdiin = Wii.LE'sHiLi.
[O.E. diin, a hill]

2 Wilsden ( Yorks), the Domesday
Wilsedene = Wille's Valley [O.E. denii,

a valley]

WILSHAW forWilsher, Wiltshire, q.v.

WILSHER ]

WILSHERE Uor Wiltshire, q.v.

WILSHIRE J

WilsMre, e.g., is the spelling in the late-
i6th-cent. transl. of Polyd. Vergil's ' Hist.
Angl.,' bk. I.

WILSON, Will's Son : v. Wlll',=.

Robert Willesson. —

Lane. Inq., A.D. 1346.

Adam Wyllson. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

WILTHEW, a var. of Walthew, q.v.

WILTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wilton (common) =

1 the Spring-Enclosure or -Farmstead

[O.E. wil{l, wyl(l, a spring, well -|- tun,

enclosure, farm, &c.]

2 the Willow-Enclosure or -Farm-
stead [O.E. wilig, wylig, a willow -f- <h«]

Wilton, Wilts, the A.-Sax. Wiltun,
Wyltiin, which gave name to the county
(A.-Sax. Wiltun sctr), is evid. the 'Well-
Farm.' As this Wilton is situated on the
R. Wil(l)ey (A.-Sax. Wilig = Willow) it
luis unquestioninglybeen assumed, on the
authority of Asser ( ... in monte qui
dicilur Wiltun, qui est in meridiana ripa
flumiiiis Guilou, de quo flumine tola ilia
paga nominatur. — Asserius, 'de Rebus
Gestis .^ifredi '), that the town took its
name from the river ; but the place occurs
consistently in the A.-Saxon period as
Wiltun or Wyltiin (not Wiligtiin) ; and I
believe that the Welsh bishop was mis-
informed on this point. The Yorks
Wiltons occur in Domesday-Bk. as Wiltune
and Wiltone. Wilton, Heref., occurs as
Wilton cum Castello a.d. 1204-5. Wilton,
Cumb., was Wilton in the 13th cent.
Wilton, Hawick, was Wiltun and Wiltona
in the 12th cent.

Alan' de Wilton. —

Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1203-4.
Margery de Wiliton. —

Hund. Rolls (Berks), A.D. 1274.

WILTSHEAR

WILTSHEAREl

WILTSHER

WILTSHERE

WILTSHIER

for Wiltshire, q.v.

Wiltshire

294

Wincott

WILTSHIRE (Eng.) Bel. to Wiltshire, the
A.-Sax. Wilttin scir ; f. the town Wiltun :
V. Wilton (Wilts).

Roger de Wilteschire. — Hund. Rolls.

Cp. Wilshep(e.

WIMBLE (Eng.) i a descendant of (a) the

A.-Sax. pers. name Wineb(e) aid [O.E.

wine, friend, protector -f- b{e)ald, bold]

(b) the A.-Sax. pers. name Wynb{e)ald
[O.E. wyn{n, joy]

2 prob. occ. short for Wimbledon.

WIMBLEDON (Eng.) Bel. to Wimbledon
(Surrey), anc. Wymbeldon, Wymbaldon
[The identification of this place with the
WibbandUn (' Wibba's Hill ') of the A.-Sax.
Chron., a.d. 568, cannot be accepted, and
it is improbable on phonetic grounds ;
nor can an identification with the
Wimbedounyngemerke of a M.E. copy of a
charter dated a.d. 967 ('Cart. Sax.' no.
1 196) be received. The first (pers.) elem.
of the name prob. represents an A.-Sax.
Wineb(e)ald or Wynb(e)ald (see under
Wimble), the second being O.E. diin, hill]

WIMBLES, Wimble's (Son) : v. Wimble.

WIMBORNE(Celt. + Eng.) Bel. to Wimborne
(Dorset), the A.-Sax. Winbuma [O.E.
burna, a stream : the first elem. is prob.
Celt., viz. the early form of Wei. g)wyn, or
rather (as afon [river], earlier avon (Abona),
lilie Ir. amhain, is fem.) the fern. g)wen,
white, bright (cp. Wandsworth) ; the Win
burn is also called the Allen burn (Ir.
alain, O.Ir. dlaind, white, bright, clear) —
a fact not without ethnic significance]

Winburne ecclesia. —

Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1205-6.

WIMBUSH (Eng.) Bel. to Wimbush or Wim-
bish (Essex), 13th cent. Wymbisse, nth
cent. Wimbisc [O.E. -bisc, -busc, bush : the
first element prob. repr. O.E. win (Lat.
uin-um), wine, vine- (as in wintreow, vine]

WIMER (Eng.) the Domesday Wimer-us,

A.-Sax. Wlgmckr = Battle - Famous

[O.E. wig, war, battle + mcere, famous]

WIMPENNY for Winpenny, q.v.

WIMPLER (Eng.) Wimple-Maker [f. (with

agent, suff. -er) M.E. ivimpel, O.E. wimpel,

winpel, a kind of hood (as worn by

Chaucer's prioress]

Alan le Wympler. —

Wardrobe-Acct., A.D. 1264-5 (Bardsley).

WIMPLESTER (Eng.) Female Wimple -

Maker [v. Wimpler ; but with O.E. fem.

agent, sufi. -estre\

WIMPOLE (Eng.) Bel. to Wimpole (Camb.),
14th cent. Wynipole, Wynepol, Domesday
Winepole [Skeat in his ■ Pl.-Names of
Camb.' construes as ' Wina's Pool' : this
is, of course, quite feasible ; but, in my
opinion, the name is much more likely to
mean the ' Pleasure-Lake ' - O.E. wyn(n,
pleasure -|- pol : cp. O.E. wyngrdf — grdf, a

grove]

WIMPORY is prob. for 'Whimperer': v.
Whymper.

WIMSHURST for Wilmshurst, q.v.

WIN BOLD 1 (Eng.) the (i) A.-Sax. Wineb(e)ald
WIN BOLT I (= O.Ger. Winibald), (2) A.-Sax.
Wynb{e)ald: v. under Wimble.

WINBUSH:v. Wimbush.

WINCH (Eng.) Bel. to Winch (Norf. : 14th

cent. Winch) ; or Dweller at a Bend or

Corner [f. O.E. wine- (as in the dim. form

winc-el), a bend, corner]

Thomas atte Wynch. —

Cal. Geneal; A.D. 1291.

WINCHCOMBE (Eng.) Bel. to Winchcombe
(Glouc. : the Domesday Winchelcombe, 9th
cent. Wincelcumb ; Kent, nr. Godmersham :
also 9th cent. Wincelcumb) = the Corner-
Valley [O.E. wincel, a corner -f- cumb
(f. Celt.), a valley]

WINCHESTER (A.-Lat.) Bel. to Winchester,
14th cent. Wynchester, 13th cent. Winchestre,
Wincestre, Domesday Wincestre, A.-Sax.
Winte ceaster, Wintanceaster, Lat.UentaBel-
^arM»?('MarketoftheBelgae')[The Colonial
Lat. venta (uenta), f. Lat. vendere, to sell,
had the sense of 'market ': this meaning
survives in the French place - names
Vente(s (Dial. North. Fr. vente = ' fair,'
' market '), the Spanish Venta(s and
Portug. Venda(s (the standard Span.
venta and standard Portug. venda = 'inn,'
as well as ' sale '). Tlie A.-Sax. ceaster is
f. the Lat. castra (pi. of. castrum), a fortified

camp]

WINCKLE: v. Winkle.

WINCKLEY: v. Winkley.

WINCKWORTH for Wingerworth, q.v.

WINCOTT (Eng.) i Dweller at Wine's
Cottage [O.E. wine, friend, protector -|-

cot]

Cp. Winscott, Salop.

2 an unvoiced form of the A.-Sax. pers,

name Winegod = Protecting God [O.E.

wine, friend, protector -f- god, a god]

Robert Wynegod. — Hund. Rolls.

Windas

WIN DAS for Wind us, q.v.

Tliis surname has prob. no connexion
witli the M.E. windas, O.N. uinddss =
Dut. windas, ' windlass.'

WINDCUP for Winkup, q.v.

WINDEBANK (Eng.) Dwi-llei- at a Bank with

a Winding Path [O.K. ge)wind, winding

path ; and see Bank]

In the i6th cent., in addition to Winde-

bank, we find tlie spelling Wyndebancke.

WINDEL(L, V. WIndle.

WIN DEM ER for Windermere, q.v.

WINDER (Eng.) i Winder (occup.) [M.E.
windere ; f. M.E. winden, O.E. windan, to

wind]

Richard le Windere. — Hund. Rolls-
2 Bel. to Winder ; or Dweller at a
Winding (as a valley) [O.E. ge)wiiid +
the agent, suff. -ere]

The Cumberland Winder was Wynder
in the 13th cent.

WINDERHOUSE (Eng.) = Winder' (q.v.) +
house [O.E. hiis]

Nicholas Winderhouse. —

Lane. Wills, A.D. 1672.

WINDERMERE (Celt. + E.) Dweller by Lake
Windermere, late 12th cent. Winandermer
[the last elem. is O.E. mere, a lake : the
Cymric elements are doubtless f. early
forms represented by Mod. Wei. ^wyn -
nant-hir — g)wyn, white, clear + naitt,a.
glen with a stream + hir, long : cp. the
Wei. place-name Nanthir]

WINDHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Windham or Wynd-

ham = the Enclosure with the Winding

Path [O.E. ge)wind, winding path +

ham(m, enclosure]

The Sussex Windham was Windeha' in
Domesday-Bk.

WINDHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at a Winding

House (threads,y arns, &c.) [f. O.E. windan,

to wind, twist -j- hus : cp. O.E. windecrmft,

embroidery-cralt]

Willelmus de Wyndhows. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

More commonly found as WIndus.

WINDLE (Eng.) i Bel. to Windle (Lanes:
14th cent. Wyndhull, 13th cent. Windhulle),
Windhill (Yorks : 14th cent. Wyndhill) =
the Hill with the Winding Path [O.E.
ee)wind, a windingpath + hyll (M.E. hill(e,
hull(e), a hill]

295

Wing

2 for the A.-Sax. pers. name Wendel [v.
under Wend(e'J

WINDOVER: v. Wendover.

WINDOWS for Windhouse, q.v.

WINDRAM \ (Teut.) the O.Teut. Win(i)dram

WINDRUM I = Friendly Raven [O.Sax.

O.H.Ger. wini (= O.E. wine), friend, with

euphonic suff. -d + *O.Sax. O.H.Ger.

h)ram (= O.E. hram{m), raven]

WINDRESS (Eng.) = Winder" (q.v.) + the
A.-Fr. fem. sufl. -ess.]

Conf. with Windross, Winderhouse,
q.v.

WINDRIDGE (Eng.) Dweller at a Ridge with

a Winding Path [O.E. ge)wind, a winding

path + hrycg]

WINDROSS for Winderhouse, q.v.

WINDSOR (Eng.) Bel. to Windsor, 13th cent.
Wyndesore, Windelsor, &c., the Domesday
Windesores, A.-Sax. Wendlesora = Wen-
del's Shore [for the pers. name Wendel
see under Wend(e" + O.E. dra, a bank,

shore]

WINDUS for Windhouse, q.v.

WINDUST for WIndus, Windhouse, q.v.

WIN FIELD (Eng.) i Bel. to Winfield [O.E.
feld, a field, plain : suff. early forms to
determine the orig. of the first element
(whether the pers. name Wina or Wine,
Winne or Wynna ; ge)winn, battle ; wyn(n,
pleasure ; ge)wind, winding path ; &c.) are
not available]

Winfield, Kent, was formerly Wingfield.
A ' Winfelde maner ' is mentioned in a
I4th-cent. Notts Inq. ad q. Damn. A
' Richard de Winfeld ' occurs in the Hun-
dred-Rolls forNorthumb.

The Winnefeld in the famous Will of
Wulfric, c. A.D. 1000, is app. Wingfield,
Derbysh.

2 V. Winkfield, Wingfield.

WINFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Winford (Soms. :

14th cent. Wyneford; Dorset) [O.E./orrf, a

ford : for the first element see the etym.

note under Winfield]

WING (Eng.) I Bel. to Wing (Rutl.; Bucks), 13th
cent. Wenge = the Plain or Field [O.E.
wceng, wang (cp. the allied O.E. ge)wenge,

the cheek]

In the Domesday Witehunge (Bucks)
-unge represents Wing, the -h- is unorig.,
and Wte- is doubtless for O.E. AoitV, 'white.'

Wingate(s

296

Winnard

(occ.) 2 the A.-Sax. pers. name Winga
(Domesday Winge), a pet form of Winegdr:
V. Winger.

WINGATECSI (Eng.) i Bel. to Wingate(s

W1NGETT(S J (Durh., Lane, Northumb. &c.),

for earlier Windgate(s = tlie WlNDFNG

Gate(s, i.e. gate(s moved by winding [f.

O.E. windan, to wind, turn + geat, a gate]

Wingate, Durh., was Windegatis in the
13th cent. ; Wingates, Lane, was Wind-
gates in the 14th cent.

(occ.) 2 for the i3th-cent. Wynegod,
A.-Sax. Winegod = Protecting God
[O.E. wine, friend, protector + god, a god]

WINGER (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name Wine-
gdr = Protecting Spear [O.E. wine,
friend, protector -f gdr, a spear]

WINGERWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Wingerworth
(Derby), a.d. 1302 Wingerworth = Wine-
gar's Estate [O.E. wor^']

WING FIELD (Eng.) i Bel. to WingHeld (Suff.),
13th cent. Wingefelde, 12th cent. Wingefeld
= Winga's Field or Plain [v. Wing^ ;
and -h O.E. feld]
2 Bel. to Wingfield (Derby), a.d. 1291
Wynefeld, 1199-1200 Wynfeld, c. 1000
(Wulfric's Will) Wimiefeld = Winne's or
Wynna's Field or Plain [O.E. feld]

Cp. WInfleld, WInkfield.

WINGHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Wingham (Kent,

&c.), 14th cent. Wingham, 13th cent.

Wyngeham, Wingeham, A.-Sax. Winganhdm

= Winga's Home or Estate [v. Wing^,

and -f- O.E. ham, home, &c.]

But Wingham, Kent, although app.
occurring as Winganhdm in the loth cent.
(' Cart. Sax. no. 766), is identitied with
the Uuigincgga ham of a ninth-cent. Latin
charter (' C.S.' no. 380), representing an
A.-Sax. Wigingahdm = the 'Home or
Estate of the Wlg(a Family' [O.E. wig,
war ; wiga, warrior]

WINGRAVE (Eng.) Bel. to Wingrave (Bucks),

the Domesday Withungrave = the Withen

Grove [adj. form, with suff. -en, of O.E.

wiSig, a willow -|- grdf, a grove]

WINK (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name Wineca,
a dim. f. Wine = Friend.

Alexander Wynk. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

WINKFIELD ( Eng. ) Bel. to i Winkfield

( Berks ), loth cent. Winecanfeld =

Wineca 's Field or Plain [A. - Sax.

Winecan-, getiit. of Wineca, a dim. f. Wine

= Friend -i-/£W]

2 Winkfield (Wilts) [Here we seem to
have the West. Dial. E. wink, a (draw-)
well ; by metonymy f. wink, a winch ;

O.E. wince']

Thei'e has prob. been some confusion
with Wingfielcl, q.v.

WINKLE (Eng.) Dweller at the Corner or
Nook [O.E. wincel]

More specifically Wincle, Chesh.

WINKLEY (Eng.) Bel. to i Winkleigh (Devon),

13th cent. Wynklegh [A.-Sax. forms are

desirable, but the name prob. represents

O.E. wincel, a corner -|- Udh, a lea]

2 Winckley (Lane), 13th cent. Wynkede-
legh, Wynkedeley [A. - Sax. forms are
desirable, but the first elem. is prob.
Dial. E. wink, a (draw-) well, by metonymy
f. wink, a winch, O.E. winc(e ; the second
being for M.E. heved, O.E. hedfod, a head
or top (cp. the Herts place-name 'Well-
Head') -I- M.E. ley, legh, O.E. ledh, a lea]

WINKS, Wink's (Son) : v. Wink.

WINKUP (Eng.) forWinkhope [the first elem.
is prob. Dial. E. wink, a (draw-) well (v.
under Winkfield^) : tlie second is O.E.hdp,
lit. a hoop, in place-nomenclature denoting
a round enclosure or ring ; also a round

hollow]

WINKWORTH for Wingerworth, q.v.

Wl N M I LL (Eng.) Dweller at, or by, a Windmill
[O.E. wind + myln]

WINN l(Celt. ) White, Fair; Blessed
Wl N N E J [Wel. g)wyn = Corn. g)win]

Cp. Gwynn(e.

(Eng.) I the common A.-Sax. pers.
name Wine, Wina, Wini = Friend, Pro-
tector [O.E. wine]

Wini, the 7th-cent. bishop of London,
bought the see from Wulfhere, king of the
Mercians, as related by Baeda, ' Hist.
Eccl.,' HL vii.

2 the A.-Sax. Winn, Winne, Wynna [f.
O.E. ge)winn, war, battle]

Johannes Wynne (Lond.). —

Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1421-2.

Godfrey Wynne. —

Chester Freemen, A.D. 1582-3.

WINNARD (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name
Wyn{n)heard = Pleasantly Firm [O.E.
wyn{n, joy, pleasantness -f h{e)ard, tiard,

firm]

Winner

297

Winston

WINNER (Eiig.) I Winnower [f. M.E. wine-
wen, windewen, O.E.windwian, to winnow]
2 the A.-Sax. pers. name Wynhere =
Joyful Soldier [O.E. wyn{n, joy + here,
army (as the second elem. in pers. names
often short for heremann, soldier]

WINNETT = Winn (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. suff. -et.

WINNICK for Winwick, q.v.

WINNICOTT: v. Wincott.

WINNING (Eng.)theA.-Sax. Wining=Wm^'s
Son [O.E. wine, friend + the ' son ' suff.

-ing\
WINNINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to i Winnington
(Chesh.), A.D. i-io2-^Wynyngton,Winington,
A.-Sax. *Wininga-tun = the Estate of
THE Wine Family [O.E. wine, friend +
-inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing + tiin,
estate, farm]

2 Winnington ( Staff. ), Domesday

Wennitone [O.E. tiin, estate, farm : the

first elem. is a pers. name, either Wenna

(f. O.E. wena, liope), or, more likely,

Wynna (f. O.E. wynn, joy]

WINPENNY \ (Eng.) a nickname for a Miser
WINPENY J [f. O.E. ge)winnan, to gain, get
+ peni(n)g, penny]
William Winnepeny. —

Chesh. Chmbrlns.' Accts., A.D. 1303-4.

WIN RAM (Teut.) the O.Teut. Winiram =

Friendly Raven [O.Sax. O.H.Ger. wini

(= O.E. wine), friend + *O.Sax. O.H.Ger.

h)ram (= O.E. hrcEm{m), rav-en]

WINROW for Whinrow, Whineray, q.v.

WINSCOMBE (Eng.) Bel. to Winscombe

(Soms.), 14th cent. Wynscombe, 13th cent.

Wynescumbe = Wine's Valley [ the

genit., wines, of O.E. wine, friend + cumb

(f. Celt.), valley]

WINSER for Windsor, q.v.

WINSFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Winsford (Soms. :

13th cent. Wynesford; Chesh. : 15th cent.

Wynsfurth (brygge), i4th cent. Wyneford)

= Wine's Ford [the genit. of O.E. wine,

friend + ford]

WINSHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Winshara (Soms.),
A.D. 1408-9 Wynesham = Wine's Home
or Estate [the genit. of O.E. wine, friend

-f hdm\

WINSKIL(L (Scand.) Bel. to Winskil(l (Yorks ;
Cumb.) = Uin's Gill or Ravine [the
genit. (in -s) of O.N. uin-r, friend -|- gil,

ravine]

This surname has no connexion (as to the
second elem.) with the Cumb. place-name
Winscales (late 13th cent. Windscales —
-d- prob. a phon. intrus.), which involves
the O.N. skdli, ' hut,' 'shed.'

WINSLADE (Eng.) Bel. to Winslade (Hants)

= Wine's Way [the genit. of O.E. wine,

friend -|- Idd, way, course]

WINSLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Winsley (several) =

Wine's Lea [thegenit.of O.E. wine, friend

+ leak (fem. dat. ledge), meadow]

Winsley, Salop, was Wineslegh in the

14th cent., Winesleg in the 13th cent.

WINSLOE "I (Eng.) Bel. to Winslow (Bucks :

WINSLOW r Lat. charter dated A.D. 795 I^mei-

hlauue ; Heref.)=WiNE'sHiLLor Burial-

MouND [the genit. of O.E. wine, friend -f

hlcew, hill, &c]

WINSON (Eng.) i Win(n)'s Son : v. Winn.

2 a syncopated form of Winston, q.v.

Thus the Glouc. Winson was Winestune
in Domesday-Bk.

WINSOR for Windsor, q.v.

WINSTANLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Winstanley
(Lane), A.D. 1356 Wynstanlegh, a.d. 1252
Wynstaneslegh, a.d. 12 12 Winstaneslege =
Wynstan's Lea [for the pers. name see
under Wlnstone^ ; and -f O.E. ledh (fem.
dat. ledge), meadow]

WINSTER (Celt.) Bel. to Winster (Westmd. :
13th cent. Winstirthwaytes ; Derbysh.) ; or
Dweller by the R. Winster = the White
or Clear River [f. the early form of
Cym. g)wyn, m., g)wen, f. (final dental lost),
white, clear + the Cym. cogn. of Bret.
ster, river: v. Stoup]

The river near the Derbysh. Wmster is
now called the Derwent = the ' White or
Clear Water ' [Wei. dwr = Bret, dour =
Gaul, dubr-i water : the vowel-change
in ' Derwent ' is due to the influence of
the -e- in the second elem.] ; prob. it was
once, at this spot, known as the Winster.

WINSTON (Eng.) i Bel. to Winston = Wine's

Farm or Estate [the genit., wines, of O.E.

wi?te, friend -|- iiin,^ farm, &c.]

The Durh. place was Wineston in the
14th cent., Wyneston in the 13th. The
Suff. parish was Wynston in the 14th
cent., Wyneston in the 13th.

2 conf. with Winstone.

Winstone

298

Winyard

WINSTONE ( Eng. ) i Bel. to Winstone

(Glouc), 14th cent. Winestone = the

Battle-Stone (Monument) [O.K. win{n,

war, battle + std?i]

There is a tradition that this place owes
its name to a stone erected by a king of
Wessex to commemorate a victory.

2 the A.-Sax. (loth cent.) pers. name
Wynstdn [As this (loth-cent.) name stands
it Ls literally ' Joy-Stone ' (O.E. wyn{n, joy,
pleasure) ; but, as this does not make good
sense, it is pretty evident that it represents
an earlier Winstdn (Winestan occurs in
Domesday-Bk.) = Battle-Stone (O.E.
win(n, war, battle), the ' stone ' prob.

referring to a stone weapon]

3 conf. with Winston.

WINTER (Eng.) This season-name has been
used in pers. nomenclature from a very
early period [O.E. winter = O.Fris. winter
= O.Sax. O.H.Ger. wintar =Go\h. wintru-s]

WINTERBON for Wintepborn(e, q.v.

WINTERBORN(E 1 ( Eng. ) Dweller by a

WINTERBOURN(E I Winter-Brook, i.e. a

WINTERBURN(E J stream which flows only

in the winter (the wet season) [O.E.

winterburne]

WINTERBOTHAM \ (Eng.) Dweller at aWiN-

WINTERBOTTOM J TER Valley or Hollow

[bottom — O.E. botm — denotes in S.E.

Lane, a valley or hollow]

John Winterbotham (Win wick, S.
Laiic). — Chester Marr. Lie, A.D. 1623.

A ' winter-bottom ' was prob. a valley
or hollow which was used by shepherds
for shelter in the winter.

WINTERFLOOD (Eng.) Dweller by a Winter-
ToRRENT [M.E. winterflod, O.E. winter -t-

WINTERS, Winter's (Son) : v. Winter.

WINTERSCALE (Scand) Dweller at a Win-
ter Hut or Shed [O.N. uetr, for earlier
*uintt (mod. Scand. vinter) + skdli^
Magota de Wynterscale. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.
Cp. the Heref. place-name Wiutercott.

WINTERSGILL (Scand.) Dweller at Winter's

Ravine [the pers. name is f. the season (v.

Winter) — O.N. uetr, earlier *uintr (mod.

Scand. vinter) -|- O.N. gil, ravine]

WINTERSON, Winter's Son: v. Winter.

WINTERTON (Eng.) Bel. to Winterton(Norf.:

Domesday Wintretuna; Line), 13th cent.

Winterton = Winter's Farm or Estate

[v. Winter, and + O.E. ttin]

WINTHORP(EUEng.) Bel. to Winthorpe

WINTHROP J (Notts), 12th cent. Wime-

t(h)orp, Domesday Wimuntorp = WlG-

MUND's Farm or Estate [v. Wigmund,

and -f O.E. \orp\

(Scand.) Bel. to Winthorpe (Lines), a.d-

1309-10 Winthorp [O.N. ]'orp, a farm : the

first elem. prob. represents one of the

O.N. Uin- (uin-r, friend) names]

WINTLE for Winkle, q.v.

WINTON (Eng.) Bel. toWinton (Yorks: Domes-
day Wiiietun; Lanes: a.d. 1622 Winton;
Westmd. ; Haddingt. 12th cent. Wynton)
= Wine's Farm or Estate [O.E. wine,
friend + tiin, farm, &c.]

An unidentified Winitun occurs in a
Latin charter of the Confessor (dated a.d.
1066).

Thomas de Wineton (Kent). —

Hund. Rolls.
WINTOUR for Winter, q.v.

WINTRINGHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Wintringham
(Yorks : a.d. 1200- i Wintringham, Domes-
day Wentrighd ', Camb.), Winteringham
(Lines : a.d. 1317-18 Wintringham, Domes-
day Wintringehd), O.Angl. *Winteringahdm
= the Home or Estate of the Winter
Family [v. under Winter, and + the
genit. pi., -inga, of the fil. suff. -ing 4- ham,

home, &c.]

WINTROP: v. WInthrop.

WINWARD (Eng.) As there is no trace of an
A.-Sax. pers. name which this could repre-
sent it seems evident that the surname is
for Winwood, q.v.

WINWICK (Eng.) Bel. to Winwick (Lanes:
13th cent. Wynewyc, Wynquic, 12th cent.
Wynewhik, Winequic, Winewich ; Hunts :
Domesday Winewiche ; Northants : Domes-
day Winewic, Winewiche) = Wine's Place
[the pers. name is O.E. wine, friend ; and
v. under Wlok]
Joh'es de Winwik (of York). —

Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1358.

WINWOOD (Eng.) Early forms are lacking,
but the first element prob. represents the
A.-Sax. pers. name Wine [O.E. wine, friend]

WINYARD (Eng.) Dweller at a Vineyard

[O.E. wlngeard]
William atte Wyneard. —

Sams. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. 1327.

Winzar

299

Wiston

[ for Windsor, q.v.

WINZAR
WINZER

WIRE (Eng.) short rorWiREDRAWER.a common
mediaeval occup. surname [O.E. lu/r, wire]

Rauf le Wyrdrawere. — Mentis, of Land.

WIRKSWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Wirksworth
(Derbysli.), Domesday Werchesuuorde, a.d.
835 (Lat. charter, ' Cart. Sax.' no. 414)
Wyrcesuuyrth = the Work's Enclcsure
or Estate [the genit. of O.E. wyrc, a var.
of weorc, a work + wyr'S, a var. of w{e)or^,
enclosure, &c.]

The ' work ' evid. has reference to the
lead mining and smelting operations con-
ducted here since Roman times: "the
Saxons carried on mining operations
here on an extensive scale." The above-
cited charter refers to a lead-rent.

WIRRALL (Eng.) Bel. to Wirral (Chesh.), c.

A.D. 1000 Wlrhalas (dat. pi. 'on Wiyhalum)

= the Myrtle-Corners [O.E. luzV, myitle

4- the pi. of O.Merc. hal{h, corner, nook]

WISBEY \ (Scand.) Bel. toWhisbv (Line), 14th

WISBY J cent. Wisteby, O.N. *Uistaby-r = the

Store-Place [O.'N. uista, genit. pi. oluist,

food, provisions -|- by-r, dwelling(s : cp.

O.N. uistaskip, store-ship]

WISCAR for Wisgar, q.v.

WISDEN (Eng.) Dweller at the Valley of the
Undergrowth [O.E. wise, a sprout,
growth (cp. Dial. E. wise, a stalk) -|- denu.

a valley]

WISDOM (Eng.) a nickname [O.E. wisdom,
wisdom, learning]

Wymund Wysdom. — Hund. Rolls.

WISE (Eng.) Sage, Learned [M.E. wys{e,

wisie, O.E. wis^

WISEMAN (Eng.) r = Wise (q.v.) -f- man.
2 a name for a Wizard or Conjuror.

WISGAR (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name Wisgar
= Wise Spear [O.E. wis + gar, a spear]

WISH (Eng.) Dweller at the Meadov\?land
[M.E. wyssh, O.E. wise]

WISHARD 1 (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Wise, Sagacious

WISHART j [O.Fr. guisc(h)ard, guiscart-O.N.

uizk-r, wise, &c. -|- the Fr. intens. and

dim. suff. -ard, O.Teut. hard, hart (O.N.

har^-r, hard]

. . . take with the [thee] Syr Gawayn
my neuew, Syre Wysshard, Syre Clegys,
Syre Cleremond, and the Captayn of
Cardef.— Aforte d' Arthur, V. ix.

WISHAW (Eng.) Bel. to Wishaw (Warw. :

Domesday Witscaga; Lanark) = (prob.)

the Wide Wood [O.E. wld, wide -f-

sc[e)aga, a wood]

Whishaw seems to be a different name.

WISKE I (Celt.) Dweller by the R. Wiske; or
WISKEY [ in one of the places named there-
WISKIE J froraiNewby Wiske, Danby Wiske,
Kirkby Wiske [M.Wel. wysg, a stream =
Ir. and Gael, uisge, O.Ir. u(i)sce']
(Teut.) the L.Ger. Wiske \i.wls, wise -j-
the dim. suff. -ke]
Mr. P. B. Wiske, of Brooklyn, N.Y., in-
forms me that his father changed his
surname from Whiskey to Wiske ; his
great-grandfather having emigrated in 1813
to America from Poole, Dorset, where the
name Whiskey occurs in iSth-cent. deeds.
Mr. Wiske has found the forms Wyskye,
Wyskie, Wiskye, Wiskie, Whiskie, Whiskey
in i6th-i8th cent. Sussex records.

WISKER for Wisgar-, q.v.

WISLER 1 for Whistler qv
WISSLER J vvnisxier, q.v.

WISSETT (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the YtenchGuisset [f.
O.Teut. wis, wise 4- the Fr. dim. suff. -eti

WISTON (Eng.) This simple-looking surname
lias various origins : — i Bel. to (a) Wiston
(Suss.), 13th cent. Wisteneston ; (b) Wis-
taston (Chesh.), A.D. 1303-4 Wystanston ;
(c) Wistestou (Heref.), 13th cent. Wis-
taneston = WIgstan's Farm or Estate
[see under ° ; and + O.E. tiiti] .

2 Bel. to Wiseton (Notts), 1 3th-i4th cent.
Wiston, Domesday Wisetone = Wisa's
Farm or Estate [the pers. name is f.

O.E. wisa, a leader — O.E. wis, wise]

3 Bel. to Wiston {Suii.),ioT'[n.Wissington,
A.-Sax.. *Wisinga-tun (a Wissingsete occurs
in the Charter-Rolls for Norf. temp. Hen.

Ill) = the Estate of the Wisa Family
l-inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing]

4 Bel. to Wiston (Lanark), early-i5th
cent. Wyston, 12th cent. Wicestun = 'WlCE'a
Estate (Wice is stated to have been a
well-known I2th-cent. knight) [the pers.
name is prob. the A.-Sax. Wicg, a var. of

Wig{a — Warrior]

5 Bel. to Wiston (Pemb.), which "takes
its name from Castell Gwys, a fortified
seat built by Sir P. Gwys, the Norman "
(Nat. Gaz.) [Gwys, found to-day in France
as Guis, represents O.Teut. Wis{o, f. wis,

wise]

6 for the common A.-Sax. pers. name
Wigstdn = War or Battle Stone [O.E.
wig, war, battle -f stdn, a stone : the name

prob. primit. denoted a stone weapon]

7 for Whiston, q.v.

Wistow

300

Withycombe

WISTOW \ (Eng.)iBel.to(fl)Wistow(Leic.),
WISTOWE J I3th-i4th cent. Wistowe, Domes-
day Wistanestou ; (&) Wistaustow (Salop),
A.D. 1199-1200 Wistanestowe = Wi'gstan's
Place [for the pers. name see under
Wiston" ; and -|- O.E. stdw, a place]

The church at Wistow, Leic, is dedi-
cated to St. Winstan.

2 Bel. to Wistow (Hunts), loth cent.
Wicstoue (Lat. charter to Ramsey Abbey :
'Cart. Sax.' no. 1311) = Wicga's Place
[the pers. name is f. O.E. wi(c)ga (genit.
■wi{c)gan-), warrior — wig, war : 1- O.E.

stdw, a place]
A later version of the above-mentioned
Ramsey charter ('Cart. Sax.' no. 1310;
' Dipl. Angl.', p. 254) has Wistowe.

3 Bel. to Wistow (E. Yorks) [etym. of

first elem. uncertain : prob. as ']

WITBY for Whitby, q.v.

WITCHURCH for Whitchurch, q.v.

WiTCOIVIB 1 (Eng.) i Bel. to Witcomb(e =

WiTCOiVlBE I the Wide Hollow or Valley

[O.E. wid + cumb (of Celt, orig.]

2 for Whitcomb(e, q.v.

Witcombe, or Whitcombe, Glouc, was
Wydeconibe in the 14th cent.

WiTHALL (Eng.) i Bel. to Withall (Wore),
13th cent. Withale = WiTA's Hall [O.E.

h(e)air\
2 for Whittall, q.v.

WiTHAIVl (Eng.) i Bel. to Witham (Essex :
A.-Sax. Chron., a.d. 913, ' set Witanhdm;
Line. ; Soms.}, 13th cent. Witham = V^n:A.'s
Home or Estate [O.E. wita, genit. witan-,
wise man, councillor -|- ham, home, &c.]

2 lor Whitham, q.v.

WITHEl (Scand. ) Dweller by a Willow

WITH J [Dial. E. with(e, a withy or willow ;

O.N. «i« == O.E. wiMe, a withy]

The willow-tree is called a with-ixec or
withy-tree. — Northants Gloss., ii 403.

A Withe, Herts, occurs in the Charter-
Rolls A.D. I22b-7.

WITH ECOiVl BE (Eng.) Dweller at the Willow

Hollow or Valley [v. under Withe ; and

-I- O.E. cumb (f. Celt.), valley, &c.]

WITHEMAN = Withe (q.v.) -f- man.

WITHER (Eng.) the Late A.-Sax. (and Domes-
day) Wither, for earlier Wihthere=SvKlTE-
Army [O.E. wiht, sprite, elf, &c. -|- here,

army]

WITHERALL for Wetherall, q.v.

WITHERBY for Wetherby, q.v.

WITHERiCK (Scand.) Dwellerat the Wether

or Sheep Ridge [O.N. ue^r (= O.L.Ger.

wither) 4- hrygg-r'\

WiTHERIDGE (Eng.) Dwellerat the Wether

or Sheep Ridge [O.E. we^e)r ( = O.L.Ger.

wither) + hrycg]

WITHERiNGTON 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Withering-

WITHRINGTON J ton (Wilts), A.-Sax.

*Wi{h)theringa-tun = the Estate of the

Wi(h)there Family [v. Wither- ; and -|-

-inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing + tun,

estate, farm, &c.]

WITHERS, Wither 's (Son) : v. Wither.

WITHERSPOON for Wetherspoon, q.v.

WITHERSTON(E (Eng.) Bel. to Witherstone
(Dorset) = Wi(h)there's Stone (Monu-
ment) [v. Wither ; and -1- O.E. stdn]

WiTHEYl (Eng.) Dweller at i the Willow-
WITHY / Tree [O.E. wi'Sig]

2 the Willow Island or Low Riparian
Land [O.E. wtSig, a willow 4- i(e)g,

island, &c.]
Walter de la W ythege.— Hund. Rolls.

WiTHiNGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Withington
(common) = (normally) the Withy or
Willow Enclosure [M.E. and Dial. E.
withen, a pi. and adj. form of with(e, O.E.
wi'S^e, a withy, willow •-)- M.E. -ton, tun,
O.E. tun, enclosure, farm, &c.]

The Lane, place was Withintone in the

14th cent., Wythinton in the 13th. The

Chesh. township was Withinton a.d. 1303-4.

But the Glonc. Withington. Widendune

in Domesday-Book, is the Wudiandun of

an 8th-cent. Lat. charter (' Cart. Sax.' no.

156), i.e. WuDiA's Hill [O.E. dun, hill:

the A.-Sax. pers. name Wudia (or Widia),

genit. Wudian-, is a nickname f. wudu,

wiodu, a ship, by metonymy from the same

word = wood]

WITHIPOLL : v. Withypoole.

WITHNALL \ (Eng.) Bel. to Withnell (Lane),

WITHNELL J 13th cent. Wythenhull, 12th cent.

Withinhull = the Withy or Willow Hill

[M.E. and Dial. E. withen, a pi. and adj.

form of with(e, O.E. wfSSe, a withy, willow

-1- M.E. hull, O.E. hyll, a hill]

WITHYCOMBE (Eng.) Bel. to Withycombe ;

or Dweller at the Willow Hollow or

Valley [O.E. wHSig, a withy, willow -j-

cutnb (f. Celt.), a valley]

A wtSigcumb occurs in a Soms. charter
A.D. 854 — ' Cart. Sax.' no. 476.

Withypoole

301

Wogan

WITHYPOOLE (Eng.) Bel. to Withypoole ; or

Dweller at the Willow-Pool [6. E.iu/S!^,

a withy, willow + pdl, a pool]

WlTLEY(Eiig.)iBel.toW)tley (Wore. : Domes-
day R'ljZ^^^, loth-cent. Lat. charter PFW^a'A;
Surrey : Domesday Witlei) = Wita's Lea
[the pers. name is f. O.E. wita, genit.
witan-, wise man, councilior -f ledh,

meadow]
2 for Whitley, q.v.

WITMORE (Eng.) i Bel. to Witmore =
Wit(t)a's Moor [v. under Witley ; and -|-

O.E. 7n6r\

A Wiitan mor occurs in a loth-cent.
grant of land ('Cart. Sax.' no. 1230) at
Witney, Oxon ; and the proprietor is
doubtless the same person as in the
following name (Witney).

2 for Whitmore, q.v.

WITNEY (Eng.) i Bel. to Witney (Oxon), lolh
cent. Wyttannig, Witanig (' Cart. Sax.'
1230) = Wit(t)a's Island or Low
Riparian Land [the pers. name is f. O.E.
wita, genit. witan-, wise man, counciUor
-I- i{e)g, island, &c.]

2 for Whitney, q.v.

WITT (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name Wit{t)a =
Wise Man, Councillor [O.E. ■wita, sage,

&C.1

A Witta was an early descendant of
Woden and ancestor of the Kentish kings.

Witta we6ld Swiifefum
(WjVtaruledthe Swaefs, i.e.Swabians). —
Widst^ (The Traveller), 1. 45.

WITTER (A.-Scand.) Wise, Prudent [Late
O.E. witter, O.N. uitr\
(Eng.) V. Wither (Wit-her).

WITTERICK \ (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name

WITTRICK i PFiAinc= Sprite-Ruler [O.E.

wiht, sprite, elf, &C. -|- rica, ruler]

WITTEY : v. Witty.

WITTING (Eng.) the A. - Sax. pers. name

Wit{t)ing = Wit(t)a'sSon [v. Witt ; and

-f- the O.E. til. suff. -ingl

WITTON (Eng.) i Bel. to Witton (common) =

{a) Wit(t)a's Farm or Estate [v. Witt;

and + O.E. ttin, farm, &c^ (b) the Wide

Farmstead [0;E. wtd, wide]

2 for Whitton, q.v.

Witton, Wore, was Wytton in the 14th
cent., Witune and Witone in Domesday-
Blc, Wittun a.d. 972 (' Cart. Sax.' no. 1284),
Wiltona a.d. 716 ('C.S.' no. 134). The
Warw. place, Wytton in the 14th cent.,

was Witone in Domesday-Bk. Witton,
Northwich,wasWy toxin the 14th cent. The
Lane, township was Wytton in the 13th
cent. The Yorks Witlons were Witun in
Domesday-Bk. Wilton Gilbert, Durh.,
was Wittone in the 14th cent., Witton in
the 1 2th (Boldon-Bk.)

But Witton-le- Wear, Durli., was Wotton
as well as Witton in the 14th cent., app,
the Wuduton [O.E. wudu, wiodu, a wood,
forest] of Symeon of Durham.

WITTS, Witt's (Son) : v. Witt.

WITTY (Eng.) i Wise, Skilful [M.E. witti,

O.E. wit(t)ig'\
2 for Whitty, Whitey, q.v.

WIVELL (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name Wifel
(intervocalic/ as v) : v. Wevill.

WIVELSFIELD (Eng.) Bel. to Wivelsfield

(Suss.), the A.-Sax. H^j/efe/^W = Wifel's

Field or Plain [v. under WIvell, Wevill ;

and H- O.E. f eld]

WIVELSFORD(Eng.)Bel.toWivelsrord (Wilts),
tlie A.- Sax. Wifelesford = Wifel's Ford
[v. under Wivell, Wevill ; and -f- O.E./ord]

WIX for Wicks, q.v.

WOAK ) (Teut.) repr. the O.Tent. name-stem

WOAKE ( Wok- [cogn. with O.E. Wealh,

foreigner, Welshman; and Lat. Uolcae, the

name of a Gaul, tribe]

WOAKES, Woak(e)'s (Son).

WOB U R N (En g.) Bel. toWoburn ; or Dweller by

the Crooked or Winding Brook [O.E.

w6, crooked -\- burne']

Streams called Woburne are mentioned
in charters' of the A.-Sax. period relatin g to
various counties.

Abbas de Woburne (Beds). —

Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1241-2.

WODDERSPOON for Wetherspoon, q.v.

WODE, a M.E. form of Wood, q.v.

WODEHOUSE = Woodhouse, q.v.

Richard del Wodehus.— /f««d. Rolls.

WOFF I an assim. form of Wolf(e, q.v.

2 a labio-dentalized form of Waugh, q.v.

WOFFENDEN, an assim. form of Wolfenden,
q.v.

WOGAN (A.-Celt.) an Anglicization of the

Wei. Gwgan [f. Wei. gwg, a scowl, frown

4- the dim. suff. -an]

Wold

302

Wolton

Gwgawn Gleddyvrudd. —

' Breuddvvyd Rhonabwy ' (Dream of

Rhonabwy) ; Mabinogion.

The Pembrokeshire Wogans are said

to be descended from a Welsh chieftain

named Gvvgan ab Bleddyii.

The Irish form of this name is Uagan.

WOLD (Eng.) Dweller at the Wold lorig. a
forest) [O.E. w(e)ald, a forest]

Cp. Waud.

WOLF 1 the anc. Teut. animal-name [O.E.

WOLFE J wulf = O.Sax. wulf = O.H.Ger.

wolf = L.Ger. (incl. the Anglian dialect

spoken between Schle.'^wig and Flens-

burg) wulf = Dut. and Fris. wolf = Goth.

wulf-s = O.N. ulf-r]

Wulf Wonreding [Wonred's Son]. —

Bedwulf 5922.

WOLFENDEN ] (Eng.) Bel. to Wolfenden

WOLFENDINE I (Lane), A.D. 1614 same spell-

WOLFFINDEN I ing = the Wolf-Valley

[O.E. wulf -\-t\ie. adj. suff. -en+denu, valley]

WOLFERSTAN 1 ,,, , 4. ,

WOLFERSTON(E | ^- Wolver.ston(e.

WOLFF : V. Wolf(e. But most of the Wolffs
in our directories are of recent Continental
origin.

WOLFHUNT (Eng.) WoLF - Hunter [O.E.
wulf -|- hunta, hunter]
Richard le Wnllhunt.— /fwwrf. Rolls.

WOLFNOTH (Eng.) the common A.-Sax. pers.

name Wulfno^ = Wolf-Boldness [O.E.

wulf + n6^, boldness, daring]

WiilfnffiS was the name of a brother of
King Harold II : it was also the name of
their paternal grandfather.

WOLFORD (Eng.) i Bel. to Wolford (Warw,),

I2th cent. Wlwnrth, Domesday Uolwarde

= the Wolf Bank or Shore (Wolford

is on the R. Stour) [O.E. wulf -f waro'S,

river-bank, &c. : v. under Warth]

2 for Walford, q.v.

WOLFSON, Wolf's Son : v. Wolf.

WOLGAR 1 (Eng.) for the A.-Sax. pers. name

WOLGERJ H>M//^rf;- = Wolf-Spear [O.E.

wulf + gar, a spear]

WOLLASTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wollaston or
Wool(l)aston (several) = i Wulflaf's
Farm or Estate [the A.-Sax. pers. name
(in the genit., Wulfldfes) is a compound of
wulf, wolf -t- Idf, heritage, relic: — tun,

farm, &c.]

2 Wulfgar's Farm or Estate [for the
pers. name see under Wolgar]

The NorthantsWoUaston and the Glouc.
Woolaston were Wolaveston in the 13th
cent. The Staffs Woollaston, Wol{l)aston
in the 13th cent., was Ullavestone in
Domesday-Bk. The Shropsh. Wollaston
was Wolastone {-e doubtless unorig.) 13th
cent. Wollaston, Wore, was Wolarston
a.d. 1327, prob.repr. A.-Sax. Wulfgdrestun.

WOLLER for Waller, q.v.

WOLLEY I V. Woolley.
2 for Walley, q.v.

WOLLINGTON for Wallington, q.v.

WOL(L)MAN : v. Woolman.

WOLSDENHOLME for Wolstenholme, q.v.

WOLSELEY \ (Eng.) Bel. to Wolseley (Staffs),
WOLSELY J 1 3th cent. Wulfsiesley, Wulfsies-

leg' = Wulfsige's Lea [the A.-Sax. pers.

name is a compound of wulf, wolf -1- sige,
victory : — ledh (f , dat. ledge), meadow]

WOLSEY (Eng.) for the common A.-Sax. pers.
name Wulfsige = Wolf-Victory [O.E.
wulf -{- sige, victory]
In the 9th-ioth cent, there were three
bishops of Sherborne of the name Wulf-
sige ; as well as a bishop of London.

The Domesday-Bk. form was usually
Ulsi.

WOLSTENCROFT (Eng.) Bel. to Wolstan-

crnft (Lanes), early-iyth-cent. Wohtencroft,

Woolstencroft =- Wulfstan's Croft [O.E.

croft, a small field]

WOLSTENHOLME (Eng.) Bel. to Wolsten-
holme (Lanes), 14th cent. Wolfstanesholm,
13th cent. Wlstartesholme = Wulfstan's
Holm [O.E. holm = O.N. holm-r, river-
island or low waterside-land]

WOLSTON 1 ( Eng. ) i Bel. to Wolston

WOLSTONE ( (Warw.), 13th cent. Wlfriches-

ton, 1 2th cent. Wlvricheston = Wulfric's

Farm or Estate [O.E. tiin]

The Berks Woolstone has exactly the
same origin.

2 V. Woolston.

3 for the common A.-S;ix. pers. name
Wulfstdn = lit. Wolf Stone or Rock
[in this pers. name stdn is no doubt used

figuratively to denote ' strength ']

WQLTERS for Walters, q.v.
WOLTON for Walton, q.v.

Woiver

303

WOLVER (Eng.) the common A.-Sax. pers.
name Wulfhere = Wolf -Army [O.E.

here, army]

Wulfhere s6hte ic [ sought I ] and
Wyrmhere. —

Wids!^ (The Traveller), 1. 239.

Wulfhere was the name of a 7th-cent.
king of Mercia.

WOLV(E)RIDGE (Eng.) repr. the common
A.-Sax. pers. name Wulfric = Wolf-
Ruler [O.E. rlc-, ruler, lord]

Wulfric was tlie name of a brother of
St. Dunstan.

WOLVERSON (Eng.) i Wolver's Son : v.
Wolvep.

2 a contr. of Wolverston(e, q.v.

WOLVERSTON(E (Eng.) Bel. to Woolverstone
(Suff.), I3tli-i4th cent. Wolferston [O.E.
/MB, farm, estate; the first element is an
A.-Sax. pers. name (in the genit.) —
Wulfhere, Wulfh{e)ard, or Wulfw(e)ard ;
suff. early forms to decide which are not

available]

WOLVERTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wolverlon
(several) [O.E. tiin, farm, estate : the first
element is an A.-Sax. pers. name— Wulf-
here, Wulfh(e)ard, or Wulfw{e)ard, withtlie
genit. pi., -inga, of the ' son ' suff. -ing ; —
thus Wolverton, Wore, in Domesday-Bk.
Ulfrinton, wasWulfringettin (for Wulfringa-
tun) in the loth cent., i.e. 'the Estate of
the W^ulfhere Family'; Wolverton, Warw.,
was Wulwardintone in the I3tli cent.,
Ulwarditone in Domesday - Bk., for A.-
Sax. * Wulfwardingatiin = 'the Estate
of the Wulfward Family '; the Bucks place
was Wlverintone in Domesday-Bk ; the
Norf. parish was Wolferton in the 13th-
14th cent. ; Wolverton, Hants, was
Wulfreton in the 13th cent.]

WOMACK (Eng.), found a.d. 1600 as Womock,
seems to mean HoLLOW Oak (from resi-
dence thereby) [O.E. mamb, womb, hollow,
cavity -(- dc, oak-tree]

WOMBELLlf ,,, . ,,
WOMBILL I for Wombwell, q.v.

WOM SWELL (Eng.) Bel. to Wombwell
(Yorks), 14th cent. Wombewell, 13th cent.
Wambewell, Domesday Wanbuelle = the
Well or Spring in the Hollow or
Cavity [O.E. wamb, womb, hollow -f-
w{i)ella, well, spring]

WOMERSLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Womersley

(Yorks), the Domesday Wlmeresleia =

WuLFMiER's Lea [see under Woolmer;

and -f O.E. ledh (M.E. ley), meadow]

Woodbury

WONTER UEng.) Mole -Catcher [M.E.

WONTNERJ and Dial. E. wont, want, O.E.
wand, a mole-f-the O.E. agent, suff. -ere: the
second « in Wontner repr. the M.E. pi.

suff. -en]

WOOD (Eng.) I Dweller at a Wood [M.E.
wodc, O.E. wudit]
Richard de la Wode.—Hund. Rolls.
John atte Wode.— Ca/. Jng. P.M.
2 Frenzied, Wild [E. Mod. E. wood(e,
M.E. wood, wod(e, O.E. w6d]
Thanne [then] wolde he speke, and crie
as he were wood. —

Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 636.

. . . what Rage, what Furyes woodef —

Googe, Eglogs (1563), IV.

And heere am I, and wood within this
wood. —

Mids. Night'sDream (ed. 1623), II. i. 192.

WOODALL for Woodhall, q.v.

WOODARD (Eng.) i the 13th cent. pers. name

Wodard, 12th cent. Wiidard [prob. f. O.E.

wudu, wood -f- h(e)nrd, hard]

2 Wood-Herd (the herd who tended in
the wood) [O.E. wudu ■\- hierde]

Richard le Wodehirde. — Hund. Rolls.

3 a contr. of Woodward, q.v.

WOODBERRY
WOODBORO

WOODBRIDGE (Eng.) Bel. to Woodbridge ;

or Dweller at the Wooden Bridge [O.E.

wudu, \vood -|- brycg, bricg~\

Woodbridge, Suff., was Wodebregge in
the 14th cent., Wodebrige'm the 13th. The
Wilts place, Wudebrige in the 13th cent.,
is referred to as Wodebrigge in a copy
made (with alterations) in the M.E. period
of the (Latin) boundary-detinements of a
land-grant, dated a.d. 850, by .(Ethelwulf,
king of the West Saxons.

WOODBURN(E (Eng.) Dweller at the Brook
by or in the Wood [O.E. wudu -f burna]

WOODBURY (Eng.) i Bel. to Woodbury
(Devon), r3th cent. Wodebir=ihe Strong-
hold, by or in the Wood [O.E. wudu +
burh, burg (dat. byrig]

Overlooking the village is an ancient
earthwork called Woodbury Castle. —

Nat. Gaz. (1868).

2 Bel. to Woodbury or Woodborough

(Notts), 13th cent. Wodeburg, Domesday

Udeburg [same etym. as ']

Y 1

UGH j^' Woodbury.

Woodcock

304

Woodley

There are other smaller places called
Woodbury or Woodborough.

3 Dweller at the WooD-HiLL [O.E.
wudu + beQrh, beorg, a hill, mound]

In four different charters, of the 7th,
gth and (two) loth cent., granting land at
Downton, Wilts, to Winchester Cathedral,
mention is made in tlie boundaries of
wiidu beorh (var. beorch) hyll, evid. denoting
a wooded hill with a tumulus or burial-
mound.

WOODCOCK (Eng.) a nickname from the fowl;
at one time a common term for a simple-
ton [M.E. wod(e)cok, O.E. wuducocc]

WOODCRAFT ] (Eng.) Dweller at the WooD-

WOODCROFT J Cr6ft[O.E. TOMi/«, awood -f-

croft, a small field]

WOODD = Wood, q.v.

WOODEND (Eng.) Dweller at the End of the
Wood [O.E. wudu -¥ ende]

WOODER (Eng.) Woodman. Wood-Cutter

[O.E. wudere]

WOODERSON (Eng.) i Wooder's Son : v.
Wooder.

2 Woodard's Son : v. Woodard.

WOODFALL (Eng.) Dweller at the WooD-
(Water-) Fall [M.E. mode, O.E. wudu, a
wood -1- M.E./n//, O.E.^^)/(^)fl//, afall(as

of water]

WOODFIN "[(Eng.) Dweller at the WooD-
WOODFINE I Pile or Wood- Store [O.E.

wudufiti]

WOODFORD \ (Eng.) Bel. to Woodford ; or
WOODFORDE J Dweller at the Ford by the

Wood [O.E. wudu -f ford]

Tlie M.E. form was usually Wodeford,

as in the case of the Wilts and Soms.

places. The A.-Sax. dat. form was 't6

Wudaforda,' as in a Hants charter dated

a.d. 701 ('Cart. Sax.' no. 102).

WOODGATE 1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Gate(s
WOODGATES I of the Wood [O.E. wudu +

geai]
WOODGER for Woodier, q.v.

WOODHALL ( Eng. ) Bel. to Woodhall ; or

Dweller at i the Hall by the Wood

[O.E. wudu + h{e)aU\

2 the Wood-Corner [O.E. h{e)al(h, a
corner, nook]

One of the Yorks Woodhalls was Wod-
hall in the 14th cent.

WOODHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Woodham ; or

Dweller at the Enclosure by the Wood

[O.E. wudu 4- hamini]

The M.E. form was usually Wodeham,
as in the case of one of the Essex places;
and an Essex Woodham occurs in Queen
jEJjelflEed's Will (loth cent.) in the dat.
form ' set Wudaham.'

WOODHATCH (Eng) Dweller at the Gate of
the Wood [O.E. wudu + hcEc{c, a hatch or

gate]

WOODHAY (Eng.) Bel. to Woodhay ; or

Dweller at the (Fenced) Enclosure by

the Wood [O.E. wudu (earlier wi(o)du) +

ge)hceg, haga, enclosure]

The M.E. form was commonly Wode-
hay(e ; but Woodhay, Berks, was Wydehay
in the 14th cent., Widehay in the 13th.

WOODHEAD (Eng.) Bel. to Woodhead ; or

Dweller at the Head (Top) of the Wood

[O.E. wudu + hedfod]

The Yorks place was Wodehed a.d.
1379 ; and a Wodheved occurs in an Inq.
ad q. Damn., a.d. 1307-8.

WOODHOUSE (Eng,) Bel. to Woodhouse ; or

Dweller at the HOUSE by the Wood [O.E.

wudu -f hus\

The Wodehuse and Wodehusu' of the
Yorks Domesday-Bk, represent resp. the
O.E. dat. sing, (hiise) and dat.pl. (ktisum).

Cp. Wodehouse.

WOODHULLl (Eng.) Dweller at the WoOD-
WOODILL J Hill [O.E. wudu + hyll (M.E.

Jiul{l, hil{l\
John de Wodehull. —

Vale Royal Ledger-Bh, A.D. 1366.

WOODIER (Eng.) i Woodman, WooD-C utter

[O.E. wudiere]

2 for Wood-Hewer [M.E. wodhewer(e,
O.E. wuduhedwere]

WOODIN 1 (Eng.) Dweller at the WooD-

WOODING J Meadow [O.E. wudu + O.N.E.

ing (O.N. eug), meadow]

WOODINGTON for Waddington, q.v.

WOODLAND 1 (Eng.)Bel.toWoodland(s;or

WOODLANDS J Dweller at the Woodland(s

[M.E. wodeland, O.E. wuduland]

WOODLEIGH 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Woodleigh, or

WOODLEY J Woodley ; or Dweller at the

Wood-Lea [O.E. wudu + ledh (M.E. legh,

ley, &c.]

Woodleigh, Devon, was Wodelegh a.d.
1411-12.

Wotodliffe

305

Woodward

WOODLIFFE (Eng.) Dweller at the Wood-
Cliff [O.E. wudu + clif]

WOODLOCK (Eng.) Dweller at the Enclosure

or Fold in or by the Wood [O.E. wudu

+ loc(a, efi closure, fold]

WOODMAN (Eng.) Woodman, Wood-Cutter;'
Forester ; later Hunter [M.E. wodeman,
wudeman ; O.E. wudu + mann]
/ Wudeman{n was a personal name
among the Anglo-Saxons. Inaprbclama-
tion by EadgyS, queen of Eadward the
Confessor, judgment is asked for on a
certain undesirable fenant named Wude-
mann, to whom the queen had lent a,'
horse and who had not paid any rent for
two years (' Dipl. Angl.,' p. 427).

WOODMANSEYl (Eng.)Bel. to Woodmansey

WOODMANSEE [ (Yorks) = Woodman's Is-

WOODMANGY J land or Low Riparian

Land [v. Woodman ; and -|- O.E. Ue)g,

island, &c.J
The place is situated on the banks of
the R. Hull.

WOODMASON (Eng. -|- Fr.-Lat.) Wood-Ma-
SON [M.E. mode, 0.^.wudu, wood -f O.Fr.
masson (Fr. mofon), L.Lat. macio, matio \
whence also Ger. steinm^te, O.H.Ger.
slemmezzo, stonemason ; like Ger. metzeln,
to butcher, ult. conn, with Lat. macellarius,
meat-seller — macellum, meat - njarke.t,

shambles]
WOODNORTH (Eng.) app. short for Wood-
Norton (Norf.), the North Enclosure
or Farmstead by the Wood [O.E. wudu
' -I- «or|> turi]
WOODNOTT\(A.-Fr.-Teut.), 14th cent. Wo-
WOODNUTT J denot, f., with Fr. dim. suff, -ot,
the Cont.(Low)Teut. form Wddan, WSdin,
or Woden, of the A.-Sax. heroic and pers^
name Woden [the name is f. 0.(Low)Teut.
'w6d-, enraged, rabid, possessed, as in O.E.
' aj(Jii(Late 'M.E; and Early MoA.E.^wood)
^ Goth, wdd-s = O.N. S^S-r (= O.H.Ger.

wuot\
The cognate present-day French sur-
name is Godinot.

WOODRAY (A.-Scand.) Dweller at the Wood-
Corner [M.E. wode, O.E. wudu (O.N.
ttiS-r), a wood + M.E. wra{y, O.N. urd,

a corner]

WOODREEFE\

WOODREEVE

WOODREVE

WOODROFF

WOODROFFE

WOODROOF

WOODROOFE

WOODROUGH

WOODRUFF

WOODRUFFE /

(Eng.) Wood-Reeve ; Wood-
VBailiff; Forester [O.E.
wudu -j- ge)refa, ge)raefd\

Woodreve. — the woodman, the forester
of the Midland Counties. —

Surrdv Provincialisms (Eng. Dial. Soc.)-
Spent upon our hood reefe for coming
to give us notice of some abuses done to
our wood. —

MS. Accts. (1643), St. John's Hosp.,
Cant.; Diet. Kent. Dial, p. 191.
It is improbable that the plant-name
'woodruff,' O.E. wudurofe, has had any
influence on the weak forms of thiS' sur-
name in .-rofr(e, -ruff(e, etc.

WOODROW (Eng.) Dweller at the Hedgerow
by the Wood [O.E. wudu + rdew, hedge-
row]
Roger Wodrowe. —

Inq. ad q. Damn., ASi. 1310-11.

WOODS, genit., and pi., of Wood, q.v.

WOODSIDE (Eng.) Dweller at the Side of the
Wood [O.E. wudu -\- side\
WOODSON, a contr. of Wooderson, q.v.

WOODSTOCK (Eng.) Bel. to Woodstock
(Oxfd.), 13th cent. Wddestok = the- En-
closure of the Wood [O.E. wudu + stoc'\

Henry L had a zoological park here, as
related by William of Malmesbury —

. . . leones, leopardos, lynces, camelos
. . . habebatque conseptum quod Wude-
stoche dicitur. — Gesta Regum Angl., v.

we)ODTHORP(E,(Eng. and Scand.) Bel. to
Woodthorpe = the Village by the Wood
[O.E., wudu = O.N. MiS-r -1- O.E. O.N".

WOODWALL 1 (Eng.) i Dweller at the Well
WOODWELL / or Spring of the Wood [O.E.
wudu -f w{i)ell{a\'
2 a nicknapie from the Woodwale
[M.K.wodeWale, a woodpecker: O.E. wudu,
a wood ; the second elem. is prob. a
borrowing f. O.N. ual-r, a hawk, falcon]
In many places were nyghtyngales,
Alpes, fynches, and worfewa/^i. —

Chaucer, Rom. of the Rose, 657-8.

WOODWARD (Eng.) Wood -War den,
Forester [M.E. wodeward{e, wudewdrd,
■ O.E. wuduw(e)arit\

Wudu-wearde [dat.'] gebyreS <^lc wind-
fylfpd tre6w ,,

i;To the woodward belongs each wind-
felled tree).— .Rert; Sing, ^ers.; Thorpe,
. ^ Anc. Laws, p. 188.' ,

In the Latin transl. of the above A.-Sax.
law the woodward is described as "custos
nemoris vel forestarius."

EUas le Wudeward.^ ,

Lane. Assige-Rolls, A.D. 1246.

Woodwards

306

Woollcombe

Aylward le Wodeward. —

Hund. Rolls, A.Ti. 1274.

"Grant by the Dean, John Goodman,
to Humphry Walrond of See, Somerset,
for life, of the office of woodward in the
forest of Rociie, Somerset, with the yearly
stipend of four loads of wood and 4s. :
A.D. ISS3-4-"—

Cal. MSS. Dn. and Ch. Wells, ii. 277.

WOODWARDS, (the) Woodward's (Son).

WOODWORTH (Eng.) Dweller at the Farm-
stead by the Wood fO.E, wudu + wor^]

WOODYAT ] (Eng.) Dweller at the Gate of

WOODYATE Uhe Wood [U.E. wode, O.E.

WOODYATT i oiwrfw + M.E. yai{e, O.E. geat.

a gate, opening]

w§§S^ir}f-^°°'"-.i-

WOOF \ assim. forms of Woolf(e, Wolf(e,
WOOFF J q.v.

WOOFENDEN for Wolfenden, q.v.

WOOKEY (Eng.) Bel. to Wookey (Soms.),
I3th-i4th cent. Woky = the Soft Ripa-
rian Land [M.E. ivook, wok, O.E. iu4c,
weak, soft + M.E. e)y, O.E. ig, island,
riparian land]

The source of the R. Axe is in this
parish.

WOOLARD: v. Woollard.

WOOLASTON: v. Woollaston, Wollaston.

WOOLCOCK (Eng.) = WoWe (q.v.) + the pet
suit, -cock [O.E. cocci

WOOLCOT(T (Eng.) Bel. to Woolcot (Soms.)
= (prob.) Wulf(a)'s Cottage [O.E. cot]

WOOLDRIOGE (withintrus. -d-) for WoolMoh,
q.v.

WOOLER (Eng.) Bel. to Wooler (Northumb), ,
14th cent. Wolloure, late 13th cent.Woloure
[the second elem. evid. repr. O.E. dra, a
bank, shore ; suffly. early forms are not
available to decide the orig. of the first

elem.]

WOOLEY: V. Wool ley.

WOOLF \ = Wolf(e, q,v. But most of the
WOOLFE J Woolf(e)s in the London Directory

are of more or less recent .Continental

origin.

WOOLFALL (Eng.) Bel. to Woolfall (Lane).

14th cent. Wolffal, Wolfall, 13th cent.

Wolfal, Wulfhal = the Wolf-CqrjNEr or

^NooK [O.E.wulf + h(e)al(h]

WOOLFENDEN: v. Wolfenden.

V. Wolford."

woolford \
woollford;

WOOLFSON, WooLF's Son: v. Woolf, Wolf.
i I V. Wolgap, Wolger.

WOOLGAR i
WOOLGERi

Wulfgdr, occurring in Domesday-Bk. as
> Ulgar, and as Wulgar in the 12th cent.,
was a common A. -Sax. name.
Wulfgdr ina|>elodp,
[jaet vvaes \\^endla le6d
{Wulfgdri^poke,
that was the Wendels' chief). —

Bedwttlf, 701-2.,
The O.Low Ger. form was Wulfger.

WOOLGROVE (Eng.) Dweller by (prob.) the
Wolf-Cave [O.E. wulf + graf]

WOOLHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at the WooL-
(Ware-)HousE [M.E. wol{le, O.E, wull +
M.E. hous, O.E. hiis}
Robertus del Wolhous. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

WOOLLACOTT for Woolcot(t, qv.

WOOLLAM (Eng.) a descendant of the A. -Sax. ,
pers. name Wulfhelnt = Wolf-Lord
fO.E. wulf + helm, lit. helmet ; protector,

lord]

WOOLLAMS, Woollam's (Son).

WOOLLAN for Woolland, q.v.

WOOLLAND (ETig.) Bel. to Woolland (Dorset)
= (prob.) Wulfa's Land or Estate.

WOOLLARD (Eng.) i for the A.-Sax. Wulf-
h(e)ard = Wolf-BravIe [O.E. mtlf +
h{e)ard, hard, brave, firm]
2 for the' A. -Sax. Wulfw{e)ard = Wolf-
Ward [O.E. wulf + w(,e)ard,^
ward, keeper]
The forms in the I3th-cent. Hundred-
Rolls are Wulward, Woleward, Wlward,
Wlvard ; liad. a Ric'us Wulleward occurs
in the Charter-Rolls, a.d. 1271-2. '

WOOLLASTON : v. Wollaston.

WOOLLATT T (Eng.) i for the common
WOOLLETT I A.-Sax. pers. name Wulfgedt
= Wolf-Goth.
2 weak forms of Woollard, q.v.

WOOLLCOMBE (Eng.) Bel. to Wool(l)combe '
(Dorset, Soms.) = the Wolf-Valley
[O.E. wulf + cumb (of Celt, orig,]
A wulfcumb occurs in the boundary-
definements ot several land-charters of
the A.-Saxon period relating to south-
western counties.

WooUcott

307

Woolwich

WOOLLCOTT = Wooloot(t, q.v.

WOOLLDRIDGE \ (with intrus. -d-) for
WOOLLDREDGE J Woolrich, q.v.

WOOLLER = Woolen, q.v.

WOOLLEY 1 (Eng.) Bel. to WooUey (several)
WOOLLIE J = I the Wolf-Lea [O.E.wulf+

ledh]

2 Wulf(a)'s Lea.

3 the Crooked Lea [O-E. wdh + ledh]
The Wilts, place was WoJley in the 14th

cent. The Yorks villagq^ was WolTey,
Wollay, Wolveley in the 14th cent.,Wilvelai
in Domesday-Book (as if for O.K. wylf,
she-wolf). A wulfledh (' on isjulfledge ' — dat.)
occurs in an 8th-century Glouc. charter
('Cart. Sax.' no. 246).

WOOLLFORD = Woolford, Wolford", q.v.

WOOLLIDGE for Woolwich, q.v.

WOOLLIFF (Eng.) for the A.-Sax. pers. name

WttlJIdf = Wolf-Relic [O.E. wulf + Idf,

relic, heritage]

WOOULISCROFT (Eng.) [O.E. croft, a small

field : the first elem. is one of the A.-Sax.

pers. names in Wulf- in the genit.]

WOOL(L)lSON (Eng.) Woolley's Son ': v.
Woolley. • _

WOOL(L)RIGHT (E

%.

Wool-Worker
E. wull -t- wxrhtd]

WOOL(L)VE,N 1(Eng.) descendants of the

WOOL(L)VIN(E J common A.-Sax. pers. name

W«//to!«« = Wolf-Lord [O.K. wulf +

wine, friend, lord, etc.]

WOOLMAN (Eng.) i Wool-Dealer [O.E.

wull + mann]
2 for the A.-Sax. pers. name Wulfman.

WOOLMER (Eng.) for the A.-Sax- pers.

, name Wulfmckr = Wolf-Famous [O-E.

wulf + mdsre, famous, glorious]

Wulfstanes beam, Wulfmckr se geonga
(Wulfstan's child, Wulfmmr the young, or
junior).^-A.-Sax. poem descr. the Battle
of Maldon, A.D. 993.

I3th-cent. spellings of this name were
Wolmer and Wolntar.

WOOLMONGER (Eng.) Wool-Dealer [M.E.

woUemongere, , wolmongere ; Q.E. wull +

mangere, dealer, merchant]

WOOLMORE fpr Woolmep, q.v.

WOOLNER (Eng.) Wool-Manufacturer

[f. M.E. wollen, OvE. mullen, woollen, with

the„agent. sufl. -ere]

WQOLNOTH for Wolfnoth, q.v.

WOOLNOUGH (Eng.) Dyveller at or by the
Wolf-Hough [f. M.E. wolven, a pi. and
adj. form of wolf, O.E. .wulf; arid see

Hough]

WOOLPIT (Eng.), Bel. to Woolpit = the
WoLF-PiT [O.E. wulf -(- pyt(t] .

A wulfpyttis mentioned in an 8th-cent.
Sussex charter ('Cart. Sax.' no. 197).
Woolpit, Suff., occurs as IVlpit in an
i iith-cent. bequest ('C.S.' no. 1013).

WOOLREDGE for Woolrlch, q.v.

WOOLRICH (Eng.) for the common A.-Sax.

WOOLRIDGE Vpers. name Wulfric = WoLF-

WOOLRYCH J Powerful [O.E. TOM// -I- nV(«]

The I3th-cent. forms of this name were :

Wlfric, Wlfrich, Wolvrich, Wulvrich, etc.

W06lSe!y = Wolsey, q.v,

WOOLSON (Eng.) i Wolf's Son: v. Wolf.
2 for Woolston, q.v.

WOOLSTENCROFT = Wolstencrbft, q.v.

WOOLSTENHOLME = Wolstenholme, q.v.

WOOLSTON 1 (Eng,) i Bel. to Woblston(e
WOOLSTON E f (several) [O.E. <mh, ; farm,
estate ; the first elem. (with genit. -es) is
A.-Sax. Wulf or one of the Wulf- com-
pound names ; thus the pers. elem. in the
Glouc. Woolston, '4*'' cent. Wolsiston, is
evid. Wulfsige (v. Wolsey), a^ it is in the
Bucks Woolston (e, Domesday Whiestone.
The Lane. Woolston was Wolston and
Wlston in the 13th cent.]

2 V. Wolston(e.

3 for the common A.-Sax. pers. name
Wulf Stan: v. Wolstone.^

wo§Lvm(E}^«'°°"^^"'W°°"^'"(^-

WOOLVERSTON(E, v. Wolverston^e.

WOOLVERTON, v. Wolverton.

WOOLVET 1 (Eng.) for the A.-Sax. pers.

WOOLVETT J nameWulfgedt = Wolf-Goth

[O.E. wulf + Gedt, the ethnic name]

The Domesday forms of this name are
Ulviet and Ulfiet.

WOOLWICH (Eng:) Bel. to Woolwich, A,t).

1044 Wulewic, A.D. 918 Uuluuic (both Lat,

charters), prob. repr. A:-Sax. Wulfawic

= the Wolves' Place [O.E. wm//b, genit.'

, pi. of wulf -h. wid, a place]

Woosey

WOOSEY for Wolsey, q.v.

WOOSNAM for Wolstenholme, q.v.
WOOSTER for Worcester, q.v.

308

WOOTEN
WOOTON
WOOTTEN

for Wootton, q.v.

WOOTTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wootton (common),

the A.-Sax. Wudutun = the Farmstead

by the Wood [O.E. wudu, widu, a wood

+ tun, farm, etc.]

In an Sth-cent. charter (' Cart. Sax.
np. 157) Wootton-Wawen, Warw., is
Wudu tun in a short superscription in
A.-Saxon, Uuidutuun in the Latin body
, of the deed. Wootton, Berks, is referred
to in a 9th-cent. Latin charter ('C.S.'
no. 366) as Uudetun in one MS., Wudtun
(with the A.-Sax. character for w) in
another MS. A dative form is seen in a
Survey of lands bel. to Winchester
Cathedral ('C.S.' no. 1161), viz., ; To Wu-
datuna' (prop. WudatuneJ, prob. Wootton
St. Lawrence, Hants.

Domesday forms aire Otone (Beds),
Odetone (Surrey), Wodetone (Wilts), etc.

John atte Wodeton (London). —

Hund Rolls.

Cp. Wotton.

WORbD v. Warbey, Warby.

WORBOYES
WORBOYS

WORCESTER (Celt. + Lat.) Bel. to Wor-
cester, the Domesday Wirecestre, A.-Sa*.
Chron. a.d. 992 Wigera ceaster and a.d. 959
Wigraccester, in numerous charters of the
A.-Sax. period Wigracester, Wigrecester;
Wegornd, Weogorna, Weogurna, Wiguma,
Wigoma, Guigoma, Wigamia, Weogerna,
Wegerna, Wigema.

[The earliest-recorded forms — last de-
cade of the 7th cent. : ' ad Uuegemensem
ecclesiam' ('Cart Sax.' no. 76) and
' Uuegerna cester' ('C.S.' no. 77) — together,
especially, with the reference in a charter
of the Sth-cent. Merciaft King Offa to
'Wigenta civitas' ('C.S.' no. 216), supply
the clue to the etymalogy — ^the earlyform
(wic) ot Wei. g)wig, M.We\.g)wic,woodl
(cp. Wei. coed-wig, foresi) -\^ g)wern
(= Gaul, vent-), alder, the Latinized
( ' Celtic name iVigema' therefore denoting
'Alder-Wood.' Tjje forms Wig(e)ra- (noted

i V. Warboys.

Worley

above), from which the present-day
'Worcester' is directly descended, are
due to an A.-Sax. Wigivara, IVigware, ^
-wara, -ware, meaning 'inhabitants' (as '
in Cantware, 'people of Kent'). The
Huiccii of Baeda ('Hist. Eccl.' ii. 2.) has
the same Celt. orig. as above. The -cester
is the usual Lat. castra, a camp]

WORDEN for Warden, q.v.

WORDLEY for Wardley, q.v.

WORDSLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Wordsley (Staffs),

13th cent. Wuluardeslea = Wulfwards

Lea [for the pers. name see Woollard';

and -)- O.E. ledh, meadow]

WORDSWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Wordsworth,
some small spot now obliterated or
forgotten [O.E. w{e)or^, wyr'S, estate, farm :
, the first elem. is an A.-Sax. pers. name (in
the genit,)— H'M;/«)(e)flrd (cp. Wordsley),'
Wulfh(e)ard, or Wulfred (O.E. rAd, coun-
sel) : a Wulf redes wyr^ occurs in a loth-
cent. Hants charter ('Cart. Sax.' no. 1077]

In the 14th cent, a family of this name
(Wurdesworth, Wordesworih, etc.) seems
to have been settled at or near Penistone,
Yorks ; and this has led to confusion of
the name with the Yorks Wadsworth
(q.v.). A Geneal. Memoir of the Family,
of Wordsworth is quoted in Prof. Knight's'
Life of Wm. Wordsworth.

WORGAR 1 (Eng.) rhot^cised descendants of

WORGER J the common A.-Sax. pers. name

l^«//^flV= Wolf-Spear [O.E. «;«(/■ -f- gdr,

a spear]
WORHAM for Warham, q.v.

WORK (Eng.) Dweller by the Fortification
\0.^. ge)we{o)rc'\
Robert us del Werk. —

Yorhs Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.
Cp. Wark. *

WORKMAN (Eng.) [O.E. «;«(o)/-cmaBW, work-
man, labourer]

WORKSOP (Eug.) Bel. to Worksop (Notts),
12th cent. Worcheshope, Domes4ay H^ercA-
esope (ch as k) = the Round Valley or
Hollow of the Fortification [the
genit., ge)we(o)rces, of O.E. ge)we{o)rc, a
fortification + hop, i a round hollow or

valley]
Worksop " is situated in a hollow or
valley" (Nat. Gaz.). '

WORLAND for Warland, q.v. '

WORLEY (Eng.) i for Warley, q.v.
2 for Wortley, q.v.

Worlington

399

Worsted

WORLINGTON (Eng.) Bel, to Worlington
(Sutf. ; Devon), prob. repr. an A.-Sax.
*WckrwulJinga-tun = tha Estate of the
WjErwulf Family [tlie A.-Sax.' pers.
name is a compound of wokr, true, trusty,
and wulf, wolf + the genit. pi., -inga, of
the fil. suff. -ing + ttin, estate, farm, &c.]

WORMALD (Eng.) i for the A.-Sax. pers.
name Wurmb{e)ald= Serpent-Bold [O.E.
wurm, serpent, dragon -|- b{e)ald, bold]
2 conf. with Wopmall.q.v.

WORMALL I (Eng.) i Bel. to Worraenhall

WORMELL [ (Bucks), a.d. 1303-4 Wormhale,

WORMULlJa.d. 1199- 1200 Wormehall,

Domesday Wermelle = Wurma's Hall

[the A.-Sax. pers. name is f. wurm, serpent,

dragon + h{e)all, hall]

2 Bel. to Wormliill (Derby), 15th cent.
Wormhyll = the Snake-Hill [O.E. wurm,

snake -|- hyll\
. There ife also a Worm Hill in Devon.

3 conf. with Wormald, q.v.

WORMAN for Warman, q.v.

WORMINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wormin^ton
(Glouc), 13th cent. Wermetone, Domes-
day Wermetun ^ Wurma's Estate [the
A.-Sax. pers. name is f. wurm, serpent,
, . dragon -|- (M«, farm, estate]

There is also a Wormington in co. Rox-
burgh in which the -ing may be original
• (early forms are lacking), repr. -inga,
i genit. pi. of the O.E. ' son ' suff. -ing.

WORMS (Eng.) Worm's or Wurm's (Son)
[the A.-Sax. pers. name lVurm{a is f.
wurm, serpent, dragon]
(Celt.-Lat.) One from' Worms (Ger-
many), atic. Wormatia, a Latinized form
of the Lat.-Celt. Borbetomagus [Gaul.
magos = O.Ir. mag (Ir. and Gael, magh),
a plain, field]
WORNER for Warner, q.v.

WORNES for Warnes, q.v.

WORNUM for Warnham, q.v.

WORRALL
WORRELL
WORRILL ,

This is the origin of most of the Cheish.
and Lane. Wcrrralls, &c.

2 Bel. to Worrall (W. Yorks) [here the
second elem. is app. O.N.E. AaW, a hall
(there is a Worrall Hall) : the first elem.
is prob. an A.-Sax. pers, name (early
forms ^ are wantirig) in Wcer- (O.E, w(&r,
' - true) : cp, Worsley (Wore.)]

(A.-Fr.-Teut.) for Warrall.Warrell.q.v,

(Eng.) I for Wirrall, q.v.

WORSDALE I (Celt. + Eng.) Bel, to Wyres-

WORSDELL ! dale (N. Lane.) = the Dale of

the R. Wyre [the river-name is Celt.,

conn, with O. Wei. wyri, a spreading -f

O.E.dal, a valley] ■■

WORSENCROFT, a corrupt form of Wol-
stenoroft, q.v. j

WORSFOLD (Eng.) [the sefcond elem. is evid, '
O.E. /aid, an enclosure for^ sheep, &c,:
the first elem, is app, a pers, name (in the
genit.), prob. one of the A.-Sax;. compound
names in lV<sr-, if not the simple War
itself (O.E. wckr, true): cp. Worsley^
. (Wore.) ; but also Worston];'

WORSLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Worsley [O.E. ledk.

a meadow]

The chief source of the name in North.
England is Worsley, nr. Manchester,
which occurs in post^Conquest records in
a prolusion of forms, the most illuminating
being: r4th-isth cent. Workesley, Workes-
legh, 13th cent, Workeslegh, Workedeleyt^ '
Werkedley, Wirkedley, Workedeslegh, late-;
i2th cent. Werkesleia (Latinized form),'
showing that the name was anciently
used indifferently with or without the
genit. -es, and with or without -ed, repr,
M.E. heved [O.E, hedfod], 'head,' -fop,"
'high ground'; the signification being
therefore, ace. to the spelling, (a) 'the
Lea of the Work or Fortification'' rO,E,
ge)weorc] ; (6) 'the Lea of the Head or High
Ground 6f the Work or Fortification,'

Worsley (Abberley), Woi-e., occurs in'
the I3th-i4th cent, as Werwesle, Woruesle,
Weruesleye, pointing to an A,-Sax. *W(Er-
wardesledh, 'Waerward's Lea'^ [the pers.
name is a compound of O.E, w(hr, true,
and w{e)ard, ward, guardian].

In the I3th-cent, Hundred-Rolls for
various East-Midland and Eastern coun-
ties we find the local surname ' de
Weresle; and a Wwresledh (Waer's Lea) '
occurs in an early-9th-cent. Wore. (Sal-
warpe) charter — 'Cartj Sax.' no, 361,

WORS(S)AM (Eng,) [the second elem. is O.E.
ham, home, estate : for the first elem; cp,
Worsley and Worston (early forms are

wanted]

WORSTEAD 1 (Eog.) Bel. to Worstead (Nbrf .),
WORSTED J 14th cent. Worsted, 13th cent.
Wurstede [the seeotid plem, is 0,E. stedf,
a place : for the first elem. the earliest
available form of the name points to an
A.-Sax, pers, name which, under the
weakeninginfluence of the local element,
would easily contract into Wur-; this
condition would be fulfilled by the com-
mon Wulfhere (v, Wolver); but Worston
should be compared]

Worster

31Q

Wrang

Chaucer mentions the textile whichtook
its name from the Norfolk parish —
A frere ther was ...
Of double worstede was his gemycope. —
Prol. Cawt. Tales, 208, 262.

WORSTER for Worcester, q.v.

WORSTON (Eng.)'Bel. to Worston [O.E. tun,

farm, estate]

Worston, Staffs, ace. to Duig nan's 'StafT
Place-Names,' occurs in the I3th-i4th
cent, as Worflestone, Wiveleston, Wyver-^
stone, Wyfridestone. The forms are con-
flicting, but the last two point to the
genit. of the common A.-Sax. pers. name
WigfriS Mg, war + friS, truce]. Jhe
final -e in three of the forms quoted is
prob. unoriginal, as it has not persisted
in the mod. name and in view 'of the
absence of confirmatory topog. evidence ;
otherwise the local elem. would represent
O.E. stdn, ''stone,' 'stone monument,'
' castle.'

Worston, Lanes, has also contradic'tory
mediaeval forms — 13th cent. Wortheston,
Worchestone, Wurchestun, Wrthiston, Wrdes-
ton (1241-2) ; but the last (the earliest)
is pi'ob. to be trusted, pointing to the
genit. of 'an Aj-Sax. pers. name W(e)or'S ■
[= worthy, honourable, beloved].

WORTH (Eng.) i Bel. to Worth ; or Dweller

at (a) the Worth, i.e. the Farm [O.E.

w{e)or^] ; (J) the Shore or River-Bank

[O.E. w(e)ai^, wardS]

Roger' fil. Jordani de Wurthe. —

Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1234-5.

William de la Worthe. —

Hund-Rolls, A.D. 1274.

Philip atte Worthe.—

Soms. Subs.-Roll, A.D. 1327.

2 Worthy, Honourable, Beloved
[O.E. w(e)orS]

WORTHING (Eng.) Bel. to Worthing (Suss.;

Norf.), A.-Sax. *Wyt^ingas, *Weor'Singas

= (the Estate of the) WyrS^ or WeorS-

Family [the pers. name is f. O.E. wyt^,

w{e)or^ (v. Worth') -f -ingas (dat. pi.

I -ingum), pi. of the 'son ' suft. -ingl

Worthing, Suss., was Worthyng in the

early-i5th ceni., Werthing in the 14th cent.

The Wyrtingas of a loth-cent. ch'arter

('Cart. Sax.' no. 1055) 'i*s been wrongly

identified with Worthing, Sussex. Wort-

ing, Hants, is the place rh6ant.

WORTHING TON (Eng.) Bel. to Worthington
(Lane; Leic), A;-Sax. *Weor^inga-tiin =
the Estate of the WeorS- Family [the
pers. name is f. O.E. ro(g)ortS (v. Worth')
-1- -ingat genit. pi. of the ' son ' suiT. -ing
+ tiin, farm, estate, &c.j

Neither place is mentioned in Donies-
day-Bk. ; but the Lane, village occurs in
the 14th cent, as Wortkyngtoii, in the 13th
cent, as Worthinton, Wrthinton.

WORTHY (Eng.) i Bel. to Worthy ; or Dtveller
at the Farmstead [O.E. w{e)or^ig'\ ^
Worthy, Hants, occurs in various char-j
ters of the A.-Sax, period as Wor^ig.

2 Honourable, Esteemed. Beloved

[f. O.E. w{e)0r^: cp. Worth', and O.N.

uet^ug-r, worthy]

WORTLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Wortleyi^or Dweller
at the Vegetable-Field [O.E. wyrt, a
wort, vegetable -|- ledh, a field]
One of the Yorks Wortleys oceuts as
Wirtleie in Domesday-Bk. ; but the Wort-
ley nr. Leeds was Wirkelay in the 13th
cent., Wirkeleia in the 12th, pointing to
O.E. ge)we{o)rc, a fortification.
Johannes de Wortelay.^

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

WORTON (Eng.) i Bel. to Worton ; or liweller

at the Vegetable-Garden [O.E. wyrt, a

wort, vegetable -1- tiin, an enclosuie, &e.]

The Oxf Wortons were Worton in the

13th cent. Worton, Yorks, occurs as

Werlon in Domesday-Bk.

2 occ. for Warton, q.v.

WORTS (Eng.) a nickname for a seller or

grower of Vegetables [M;E. wort, O.E.

wytt, a wort, vegetable]

WOSTED for Wor8te(a)d, q.v.

WOSTENHOLM(E for Wolatenholme, q.v.

WOTHERSPO(0)N for Wetherspoon, q.v.

WOTTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wotton, a var. of
Wootton, q.v.

WOUTERS, Wouter's (Son) : Wouter is a
Dutch form of Walter.

WOVENDEN, an assim. form of' Wolfenden,
q.v.

WOZENCROFT for Wolstenoroft, q.v.

wragge}^-«-^s(^''i-'-

WRAGGS, Wragg's (Son).

WRAIGHT for Wright, q.v.

WRANG (Scaud.) Wry, Crooked [O.N.

w)rang-r, wry, crooked; whence Dan.-

' Nor w. vrang (vriengen, wry face, wry mouth)

and Swed. vfaang, wrong, perverted ; and

E. 'wrong/]

"Thus the Yorks ' Wrangbrook ' is equiV.i

in meaning to tlie South. ' Woburn.'

Wrangham

3"

Wrighton

WRANGHAM (A.-Scand.) Dweller at Wrang's

Home or Estate [O.E. ham = O.N. heima:

for the pers. name see Wpang]

WRATH (Eng.) Fierce, Savage. [O.E. virdV,
' mod. wroth]

WRATHALL (Erig.) Dweller at Wr^tia's
Hall [O.E. h(ejall, hall : the pers. name
is f. O.E. wrcett, ornament, jeWel]
WRATTEN for Wratton, q.v.

WRATTING (A.-Scand.) Bel. to Wratting
(Carab.: loth cent. Wreatting, Wrcetting
I ('aet PKratt/n^e'— dat.); Suff,: 14th cent.
Wretting) = Wr.«:tta's Meadow [O. East.
E- ing, borr. f. O.N. eng, meadow : the
pers. name is f. O.E. wrdstt, ornament,

jewel]

WRATTON (Scand.) Bel. to Wratton or
Wrayton: v. WPayton.

WRAXALL (Eng.) Bel. to Wraxall or Wrax-
hall (several) = Wr^^ecc'S Hall [O.E.
h{e)all: the pers. name is f. O.E. wrcBcci/i,
exile, adventurer (mod. 'wretch'] •

WRAY 1 (Scand.) Dweller Jn the Corner or

' Nook [©.N. ar^f]

Wray or Wrea, N. Lanes, owing its

pame to its situation at the confluence of

the Hind Burn and Roe Burn, was Wra

and Wrae in the 13th cent.

Thomas del Wra. — ,

Yorks Poll-Taii, A.D. 1379.
' Cp. Wroe.

2 for Ray, q.v. '

WRAYTON (Scand.) Bel. to Wrayton ,(N.

Lane), 14th cent; Wraton, 13th cent.

Wraiton, Wraton = the Village in the

Corner or Nook [O.N. wra, corner + tri«,

village, &c.]

WREA I for Wpay, q.v. /

2 for Rea, q.v.

WREAKS for Reakes, a var. of Raik6s,
Rakes, q.v. ,

There is a hamlet calleld Wreaks-Brigg
in W. Yorks. \ ' ,

WREFORD (Scand. + Eng.) Dweller at the

Ford of the Corner or Nook [v. Wrea,

Wray ;^ and + M.E. O.E./or^i]

WREGG, v. Wragg, Ragg.

WREN ) (Eng.) a pers, name and nickname

WRENN j from the Wren [M.E. wrenne, O.JE.

, ' wrenna]

^(Celt.) Lord, Ruler, Chief [O.Wel. rMn]

WRENCH (Eng.) is doubtless a nickname f.
M.E. ■wrench{e, O.E. wrewc,' 'wile,' 'trick,'

'artifice.'

Peter Wrench.— /?««<;. Rolls.

She knewe eche wrenche and every gise

[guise]
Of love, and every wile. —

Chaucer, Rom. of the Rose, 4292-3.

WRENNALL (Eng.) Dweller at'(prob.) Wren-
na's Hall [v. Wren(n'; and + O.E.
■ , h{e)alt\
A Wrennanwyll, 'Wrenna's Well'l
[Wrennan-, genit. of Wrenna], occurs in
a 9th-cent. Wilts Charter — ' Cart. Sax.'
no. 469.

There is a Wren Hall in Notts.

WREYFORD, v. Wrefond.

WRtDGWAY for Ridg(e)way, q.v.

WRIFORD, v. Wreford.

WRIGGLESWORTH(Eng.)aformof Riddles-
worth (q.v.), with ^ for d before /. ;

WRIGHT (Eng.) Workman, Worker; Car-
penter \M.E. wrighte, &c,, O.E.wryhta,

wyrhta] .
Se Txe6wyrhta segSS: Hwilc 'e6wer ne
notaS craefte minon, ]>opne hiis, and mist-
lice fata, and scypd, e6w eallum ic wyrce?
(The Tree-Bright (carpenter) saith :
Which of you does not make use of my
craft, since houses, and various utensils,
and ships, for you all I make (build) ?).
Mlfrici Colloquium, late loth' cent.

Ac [but] I wene it worth, of manue,
As was in Noes [Noah's] tyme ;
Tho [when] he shoop that shipe
Of shides and of hordes,
Was iievere wrighte saved that wroghte
theron. — Piers Plowman, 6415-20.

In youthe he [the reeve] lerned hadde

a good myster [trade].
He was a wel good wrighte, a carpenter. —
Chaucer, 'Cant, Tales, A 613-14.

WRIGHTINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wrightjng-
ton (Lane), 13th certt. Wryghtyngton,
Wrichtingion, A.-Sax.* Wryhtinga-tAn .= the
Estate of the Wryhta Family [O.E.
wryhta, wyrhta, workman, artificer + -inga,
genit. pi. of the fil. suff. ■•ing + ttin, farm,

estate, &c.] ,

WRIGHTMAN = Wright (q.v.) -|- E. man.

WRIGHTON (Eng.) Dweller at the Wright's
Place [O.E. wryhta, wynhta (gfenit. wryh- ^
tan-, wyrhtan-) + ttin']

A WrightoH occurs in a Yorks ' Inq. ad
q. Damn.', temp. Hen. VL

Wrightson

312

Wydell

WRIXEN
WRIXON

WRIGHTSON, the Wright's Son: v. Wright.

WRIGLEY (Eng.) 1 Dweller at the Ridge-Lea

[O.N.E. hrycg = O.N. hrygg-r + O.E. ledh

(M.E. Uy, tegh, &c.]

The initial W- in the name is evid.

intrusive, and due to analogy; yet it is

J somewhat surprising to find a ' Willelm'us

Wryglegh ' as early as a.d. 1379 — in the

Yorks PoU-Tax.

2 occ. for Ridley, q.v.

WRINCH, a var. of Wrench, q.v.

WRIIMGROSE for Ringrose, q.v.

\ for Rixon = Ricl<son, q.v.

WROE, a var. of Wray', q.v. [cp. the pron. of
the cogn. Dan.-Norw. vraa [a corner) : aa

as aw]
Thomas del Wro. — 1

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

WROOT for Root, q.v.

WROUGHTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wroughton

i (Wilts) = Wr6ca's Estate [A.-Sax.

*Wrdcan-tun—Ufrdcan-, genit. of Wroca +

, , ttin, estate, farm, &c.]

,W/R0X(H)ALL (Eng.) Bel. to Wroxhall

(Warw.), 13th cent. Wrokeshal, Wrocches-

. hal. A^-Sax* Wroc(c)esh(e)dlt = WrOc(c)'s

Hall [O.Merc, hall, a hall]

WRYGHT(E = Wright, q.v.
WutpEl'-Woine.

WULFSON, v. Wolfson.

WURSTER, V. Worcester.

WYAND (Eng. and A.-Fr.-Teut.) Warrior,
Hero [O.E. wlgend = O.Sax. wigand and
O.H.Ger. Tvlgant, whence Fr. Guyand,
Guiand (Ger. surname Weigand]
WYARD 1 (Eng.andA.-Fr.-Teut.)WAR-BKAVE
WYART / [A.-Sax. Wigh{e)ard = O.Ger. Wig-
hard,. Wighart, whence (partly) Fr. Guyard,
Guiard, Guyart, Guiart — wig, war -|- h(e)ard,
(O.H.Ger.) hart, hsifA, brave]

Adam Wyard.—Hund. Rolls.

WYATT (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the A.-Fr. IVyot, Fr-
Guyot (very common), Guiot = Guy (q.v.)
-)- the Fr. dim. sun. -ot.
Wyot de Wrthiston [Worston]. —

Landing. (A.D. 1258), i. 216.
Henry Wyot.— Hund. Rolls.
Wyot Balistarius.— Ctee Rolls.
Guyet (dim. suff. -et) is also a French
surname.

In a few cases Wyqrd, Wyart, seem to
have merged into Wyatt.

WYBERN ] (Scand.) the O.Scapd. Uigbidm<=y
WYBORN i War-Bear [O.N. «(?-, war, battle
WYBURnJ -{- hiorn, bjdrn, hear]

(Eng.) the Late A.-Sax. Wigbeom =
War-Hero [O.E.it/ig+beorn, hero,prince]

But the A.-Sax. name is usually an .
Anglicization of the Norse Uigbiorn. -

Robert Wyborn.— i^Marf. Rolls.

WYBlR5}^Wibert.Wiberd. ,

WYBROO 1 (Eng.)Bel.toWigborough (ESsex)i!
WYBROWj anc. (Latmized fornj) Wigberga .
— the Battle-Hill [O.E. wig, battle, ^
war -I- heorg, beorh, hill, mound]
Cp. Wigfall.

WYBURD for Wiberd. Wibert, q.v.

WYCH 1 lengthened,or rather diphtbongized,
WYCHE I forms of Wioh, q.v.

Adam del Wych.— LawirfFiHei.A.D. 1346.

WYCHERLEY (Eng.) Bel. toWycherley (Salop)

= (prob.) Wichere's Lea [M.E. Uy,

, O.E. ledh]

Wycherley, the dramatist, was a Shrop-
shire inan.

WYCLIFF 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Wycliffe (N.

WYCLIFFE I Yorks), the Domesday Witclive;;
or IJweller at the White Cliff [O.E.
hwit -t clif]
John Wycliffe app. owes his name to
the Tees-side place ; but there are natu-
rally other small sppts of the same name
— e.g., the Whitcliveoi a i4th-cent. Soms.
roll seems to be the place referred to as
'aet Hwttan Clife' (dat. case) in a charter
dated A.D. 962 — 'Cart. Sax.' no. 1094.

WYCOMBE (A.-Celt.) Bel. to Wycombe
(Bucks), the Domesday Wicutnbe = the
Valley of the R. Wye [v. Wye (Celt.), ^
and -1- the A.-Sax. form, cumb, 01 Celt.^
ciim (Wel. cwm), a valley]
This name (pron. Wickam) has been
confused with Wickham.

WYDELL (Eng.) Dweller at the Wide DELl

or Valley [O.E. wid + dell,dixt]

The Herts Wyddiall occurs in Doraes-

day-Bk. as Widihale, prob. representing

' Widig's Nook ' or ' Corner ' [the A.-Sax.

pers. name *Wldig is f. wid, broad -f the

dim. suff. -i^ {Widuc, with dim, suff. -«c,

is recorded) ; the local elem. is app. O.E.

h(e)al{h, a nook]

Wye

313

Yalland

WYE (Eng.) Man ; Warrior [M.E. wy(e,
O.K. wiga ; i. wig, war]
And as alle thise wise wyes
Weren togideres. —

H«ri P/owwan, 13284-5.
(Celt.) Dweller by one of the Rivers
Wye \i. the early form of Wei. g)wy,
water ; thus the Wye which runs into the
Severn is called Gwy in Wales ; and one
of its tributaries is the Bach-wy = Little
Gwy.

WYER (Eng.) i for Wire, q.v.

2 a var. of Wier, Weir, Wear(e, q.v.
WYKE, a form of Week or Wick, q.v.

Roger de la Wylce. — Hund. Rolls.

Thus Wyke, nr. Axminster, is also
galled Week.

WYKEHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Wykeham= Wick-
ham, q,v.

Wyl^eham, nr. Pickering, Yorks, was
Wtcam in Domesday-Bk.

WYKES, pi., and genit., of Wyke, q.v.
Agneta atte Wykes. —

Soms. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. 1327.

WYLSE)'=Wild(e,-q.v.

Thow made the barren hills, wylde%oa\.s
refuge. — James I., Psalme CIIII.

WYLD(E)S, Wyld(e)'s (Son).

WYLDSMITH, v. Wlldsmith.

WYLER, v.Weiler in thf Appendix of Foreign
Names.

WYLES (Eng.) i a lengthened, or rather
diphthongized, form of Wills, q.v.
2 for Wyld(e)s, q.v.

wvi I ir I ('^"S-) T diphthongized forms of

WYLY J^""^'^"'^y''l''-

Here is Wyll Wyly the myl pecker. —
Cocke Lorelles Bote: Percy Soc, vol. ii.

2 Wily [f. M.E. wile, a wile; O.E.
/ I w(g'(o)/, divination]

The wyly fox, the wedowis inemye. —
TheKingis Quair, I. 1089.

WYLSON = Wilson, q.v.

WYMAN (Eng.) i the A.-Sax. tVlgman(« =

Warrior, Soldier [O.E. wig, war +

r ' man(n\

2 for Wymond, q.v,

3 coiif. with Whyman, q.v.

WYIVIANS, Wymaiji's (Son).

WYMARK (Eng.) the I2th-i3th cent. Wymarci

Wimarc, A.-Sax. Wigm{e)arc (fem.) =

Battle-Emblem [O.E. wig, battle, war -|-

m(e)arc, emblem, sign (mark]

WYMER (Eng.) the A.-Sax. »'(g-»ic6f-= Battle-
Famous [O.E. wig, battle, war + mdsre,
famous, illustrious]

Wimerus. — Domesday^Book. .
Wymer atte Grene. — Hund. Rolls.

WYMOND (Eng.) the common A.-Sax. IVig-
mund: v. Wigmund.
Wymond of the Wardrop [Wardrobe]. —
Taill of Rauf Coilyear, 221.

WYNDHAIVI = Windhann, q.v.

WYNN \ _ wui„„/„ ri„
WYNNE } = ^'""(^' ''■''•

WYNSER, like Winser, for Windsor, q.v.
WYNTER = Winter, q.v.
WYON = Quyon, q.v.
WYSE = Wise, qv.
WVTH^} = WltHe,q.v.

YABSLEY (Eng.) Dweller at Yabb's or Yebb's

Lea [Yehh, a Lane. dim. form of Edmund

(l-v-) + M.E. ley, O.E. leak, a meadow]

YAKESLEY, v. Yaxley.

Abbot Yakesley pfThorney was a native
of Yaxley, Hunts. — Nat. Gaz., s.n. Yaxley.

YALDEN (Eng.) i dial, for Yald'lng, q.v.
2 a var. of Yelden, q.v.
(rarely) 3 for the A.-Sax. pers. name
Ealdhun [eald, old -I- the ethnic name Hun]

YALDING (Eng.) Bel. td Yalding (Kent), app.

A -Sax. *Ealdingas = (the Estate ot the)\

Eald- Family [O.E. eald, old -f- the pi.,

'-insas (dat. pi. -ingum), of the ' son ' suff.

, -'««■]

YALE, a dial, form of Hale, q.v.

YALLAND (Eng.) i V. Yealand.

2 Dweller at the Slope-Land [the

Yaldelondi of the Devon Hundred-Rolls

is evid. the orig. of the Devon surnames

Yalland, Yelland: Yalde- is doubtless for

O.E. heald, a slope]

Yallap

314

Yeamans

= Yerburgh, Yerbury, q.v.

YALLAP \ (Eng.) Dweller at (app.) the Yellow

YALLOP f Hope or Valley [North. E. and

Scot, yallow, OS., geolo, yellow + hope,ia

valley or hollow: v. Hope (the orig. sense

was doubtless ' a round place,' as a round

hollow ; f. O.E. hdp, a hoop]

YAPP (Eng.) the North. E. and Stat, yap =
Quick, Eager [O.E. gedp, cunning,astute]

YARBORO
YARBOROUGH
YARBROUGH
YARBURY

YARDLEY (Eng,)'Bel. to Yardley ; or Dweller
at thfe Yard-Lea [M.E. yard{e, yerd(e,
enclosure, court, garden ; O.E. g{e)ard,
fence, enclosure + M.E. ley, O.E. ledh,

meadow]

The Wore. Yardley was Yerdeley, i4t,h-
15th cent.

YARE;(Eng.) Quick, Active, Ready [M.E.

yare, O.E. geard]

(Celt.) Dweller by one of the Rivers

Yare or Yar [a contracted form of

Yarrow, q.v.]

YARKER (Eng.) Striker, Beater ; Pre-
parer, Dresser [f. North. E. and §cot.
yarh, to Strike, beat, prepare ; M.E. yarken,
O.E. gearcian, to prepare]
Johannes Yarker. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

YARMOUTH (Celt. + Eng.) Bel. to Yarmouth

(Norf. ; I. o. W.) = the Mouth of the

R. Yar(e [v. under Yare (Celt.), Yarrow;

and -I- O.E. muta, river-mouth]

,YARNALL = ArnalU Arnold (q.v.), with
common dial, prothetic Y-.

YARNOLD = Arnold (q.v.), with common
dial, prothetic Y-.

YARNTON 1 (Eng.)Bel.toYarnton(Oxon),
YARRANTON I A.D. ■ 1^206 Erdinton, 1149
YARRINGTON J 24r(fc«to«, the Domesday
Hardintone (where the H- is prob. un-
orig.), A.-Sax. *Eardantun = Earda's
Estate [the pers. name Earda (genit.
Eardaif-) is f. O.E. eard, m., home, native
place or country:^ -1- tun, estate, farm-
stead]
YARROW (Celt.) Bel. to Yarrow; or Dweller
by the K. Yarrow = the Rough or Tur-
bulent (River) [Cym. garw = Gael, and
Ir. garhh, rough, turbulent : We), garw
also = a torrent]

There is an Afon [River] (Jarw in
Glamorganshire which "rushes very
hurriedly and noisily"; and a river Geirw

in Denbighshire. In Perthshire the river-
name takes the form Garry. The cognate
Irish stream-name is Owen [pron. of Ir.
abhainn, river] Garve, just as Owen-duff,
' Black River,' is the Ir. cogn. of the Wei.
Afon-ddu (Carnarvon) = River Dee:

Flows Yarrow sweet ? as sweet,
as sweet flows Tweed. —

'The Btaes ot Yarrow' (Selkirk) ; '
Percy's Reliques-

YARWOOD (Eng.) for Harwood (q.v.), with
common dial, substitution of Y- lor H-.

YATE (Eng.) Dweller at a Gate [M.E. yatie,
yet{e, yeat(e,.0.^. geai, a gate, opening]
Henry del Yate. —

Chesh. Chmhrlns.' Accts., A.D. 1303-4.
William atte Yate. —

do. do. do., A.D. 1347-S./'
WiUiam atte Yete. —

S^ms. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. 1327.
For other wey is fro the yate non. —

Chaucer, Troil. & Cris., ii. 617. •

And whan they came to kyng Adlands

hall,
Untill the fayre hall yate. —

'King Estmere ': Percy's Reliques.

Sperrc' [fasten] the yate fast for feare of
fraude. —
Spenser, The Shepheards Cal.iM.aiy).
Cp. Yates.

YAT(E)MAN (Eng.) Gateman [v. Yate, and
-t- man, O.E. man{n\

YATES, pi., and genit., of Yate, q.v.

I here and see bothe
How a spirit speketh to helle
And biddeth unspere [undo] iheyates- —
Piers Plowman, 12598-600.

YAXLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Yaxley (Hunts: loth,

cent.' Gedces ledh; Suff.) = Geac's Lea

[the pers.nanie is a nickname f. O.E. gedc,

a cuckoo : h ledh, a meadow]

YEA, v. Yeo.

YEADON (Eng.) Bel. to Yeadon (W. Yorks),

t3th cent. Yedon, Domesday ladun = the

EwE-Hill' [the first elem. is evid. the

dial. N.E. yeaw, a ewe, O.E. edwe, eowe

+ 'don, O.E. dtin, a hill]

YEALAND (Eng.) Bel. to Yealand (N. Lanes),

13th cent. Yaland. Yeland, Yholand, Yea-

lauttd, Domesday laliint = the Ewe-Land

' [v. under Yeadon, and -f O.E. land]

I
YEAMAN = Yeoman, q.v.

YEAMANS = Yeomans, q.v.

Yeames

315

YEAMES, a prothetic form of Eames, q.v.
For riother ante nor jieOTg.-T-

Chesier Plays, ii. 55.
YEARLEY 1
YEARLY J prothetic forms of Eapl(e)y, q.v.

YEARSLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Ye^rsley (Yorks),
the Domesday Eureslage = Efer's Lea
[the genJt. Of O.E. efer, eofor (common as
a pers. name), a boar + O.E. Udh. a

' meadow!

YEAT(E (North.) = Ya^e, q.v.

Yeat, sb., a gate.— iVortA. Eng. Words
(1781) ; Eng. Dial. Soc, Ser. B.

YEATES )

YEATS hNorth.) = Yates, q.v.

Y^ATTS )

YEATMAN (North.) = Yateman, q.v.

YEILDING for Yelden, q.v.

YELDEN (Eng.) Bel. to Yelden (Beds), the
Domesday Giv^ldene = Gifol's Valley
\0.'E..gifol, liberal, generous+de«M, valley]

If Yelden were on a river lyel (Give!)

it would have berin necessary to refer to

Yeovil.

YELDHAM \ (Eng.) Bel. to Yeldham (Essex),

YELDOM /14th cent. Yeldham [As Gt. and

Little Yeldham are in a valley the first

elem. is evid. not for O.E. hdald, a slope :

it is prob. (with common dial, prefixed Y-)

for O.E. eald, old :— + O.E. ham{m,

! enclosure, dweUing]

YELL, a var. of Yale, Hale, q.v. ' !

YELLAND (Eng.) I v. Yealand.

2 v. Yalland'.
YELLOP, V. Yallop.

YELLOWLEY 1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Yellow
YELLOWLY / Lea [O.E. geolu + ledh]

YELVERTON (Eng.) Bel. to Yelverton (Norf. ;

Devon) [O.E. tiin, farm, estate : the first

, elem. repr. (with common dial, pi-othetic

Y-) an .A-Sax. pers. name like MSelfriS,

EaldfrilS, Mlfhere, &c. — suff. early forms

to decide which are not available]

YEWIAN, V. Yeoman.

YEMANS, V. Yeomans.

YENSON, an Anghcization of the Scand.
JeAsen (Johnson), q.v. in the Appendix
of Foreign Names.

Y^y I (Eng.) I Vars. of Yew, q.v.

9 Dweller by one of the Rivers Yep: [a
prothetic form of O.E. ed, streanj, river]

Yeovil

John atti Yo, Voo. —

Soms. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. I ^zy.

3 (rarply) descendants of the A.-Sax.

pers. name Edwa, Edwa [prob, f. O.E.

edw, e&w, m., a (male) sheep, rather than

f. O.E. (kis), law^ Scripture, (religious)

' ceremony]
A Edwa or Edwa was a brother of
Penda, the 7th-cent. king of Mercia.

YEOLAND, v. Yealand. ,

YEOMAN (Teut.) orig. Countryman, Rustic ;
later Retainer ; Freeholder [M.E.
yoman (also yhoman), yeman ; not' found in
O.E.-^doubtless borr. f. L.Ger.: cp.O.Fris.
gdntan, f. ^a, district, village (Mod. (West)
Fris. gea, district, region), O.L.Ger. gd,
district ; cogn. with Mod. High Ger. gau,
district, country (as disting. from town),
M.H.Ger. gou, O.H.Ger. gouwi, gemi;
Goth. gawJ, district, country, whence
gauia, countryman]

Henricus Yhoman. —

/ Yorks Poll-Tax, A.T>. izi<).

Chaucer's description of the yeoman of
his day, although somewhat lengthy, is
worth quoting, as giving the type which
gave rise to the surname —
A yeman hadde he [the knight], and ser-

vantz namo [no more]
At that tyme, for hym liste ride soo ; ;,
And he was clad in cote and houd of
, grene.
A sheef of pocdck arwes [peacock arrows]

bright and kend 1

Under his belt he bar ful thriftily ..."
And in his hand he baar a myghty bowe . .
And by his syde a swerd [sword] and a

bokeler, -

And on that oother syde a gay daggere . . .
An horn he bar, the bawdryk [baldric]

was of grene.
A forster [forester] was he, sobthly as I

gesse.— Vxo\. Cant. Tales, loi-ii"].

Although Chaucer in the above quo-
tation has the spelling yemdn, in the
Reeve's Tale he refers to. the miller's-
" estaat of yomanrye."

YEOMANS, the Yeoman's (Son) \ v. Yeo-
YEOMANSON, the Yeoman's Son | man.

YEOVIL (Celt.) Bel. to Yeovil (Soms.), the
A.-Sax. Gifel (dat. Gifle)\i. the river-name
Gifel, later Ivel, also Yevel (now the Yeo,
a dial, form of O.E. ed, river ; whence the
mod. torm Yeovil) ; f. the early form of
Wei. gefell, twin (gefail, tongs) ; conn.

, with Wei. ^-aj?, a fork = Ga6l. gabhal, a

fork, Ir. gdbhal (genit. gaibhle), O.lr. gabul,

a fork, gable ; and cogn. with O.E! gafol,

a fork, and with E. gable = Ger. giebel, •

•' Vut. gevel, Goth, gibld]

Yeoward

316

Youdall

YEOWARD
YEOWART

YERBURGHl (Eng.)
YERBURY f "

\ = Eward, q.v. /

Bel. to Yarborough
(Line), 14th cent. Yerdbergh,
13th cent. Yerdeburc{k — the Earth-'
Fortification [O.E. eor'Sburg, an earth-
work. Y- in the name is the common
dial, prefix : cp. ti.^. yearth for 'earth ']

AtYarborough (Line), in the wapentake
of the same name, are " traces of an
extensive camp.'' At Yarborough, Louth
(Linc.)( G. J. Yarburgh was lord of the
manor in 1869. As^a 'John de Yerbury'
occurs in a Soms. Subsidy-Roll, a.d. 1327,
there is (or was) probably a spot of the
same name \n West. England.

YETMAN = Yeatman, Yateman, q.v.

YETT = Yate, q.v.

Out at the yett Wallas gat full fast.—
Henry the Minstrel, Schir William
Wallace, iv. 778.

YETTON (Eng.)' i Bel. to Yetton or Yatton =

the Enclosure or Farm of the Gate

or Opening \M.¥.^yet{t, yat{e, O.E. geat^,

a gate, opening -|- M.E. -ton, O.E. tun,

enclosure, &c.]

2 for the M.E. pi., yeten/oiyet, a gate.

3 a dial, form of Eaton, q-v.

YETTS = Yates, q.y.

YEUDALL \ (Eng.) Dtveller at the Yew-
YEWDALL J' Valley [O.E. iw + d(el'\

Cp. Udall.

YEW (Eng.) I Dweller by a Yew-Tree [O.E.

iw]
2 (rarely) a, descendant of the A.-Sax.
pers. name Eowa, Edwa; v. Yeo".

YEWEN for Ewen, Ewan, q.v.

YEWS, pi., and genit., of Yew, q.v.

YMAN for Wyman, q.v.

YOCKNEY (Eng.) Dweller at the Oak-Tree

Island" or Waterside [O.E. dcen, adj.

form f. O.E. dc, oak-tree -|- ({e)g, island,

, &c. : Y- in the name is the common dial.

prefix]

YOHE 1 = Yeo, q.v.

YOEMAN
YOHMAN

I = Yeoman, q.v.

YOLLAND, a var. of Yalland, q.v.
YOMAN = Yeqoman, q.v.

YONGE } '^■^- '^°™® °^ Young, q.v.

With hym ther was his sone, a yang
squier. — Chaucer, Prol. Cant. Tales, 79.

YONGEMAN = Youngman, q.v. "

yS§Le}= Yule, q.v.

YORATH for Yopwarth, q.v.

YORK "1 (A.-Lat.-Celt.) Bel. tp York, the
YORKE 1 M.E. Yorke, York, DomesAay Euruic,
O.N. loruik, A.-Sax. Eoforwic, Eoferwic
[eof0r,-er (f as vj, boar -t- w(c, place],' Lat.
Eboracum, Eburacum (b prob. pron. nearly-
as v) — Eburos's Estate [Eburacum is
the Roman form of an O.Celt. *Eburacon^
(ace), -dc-um, or -tfc-OM, being the common
domanial or possess, suff. ; while Ebur-osi >
Latinized Ebur-us, is a frequent Gaul,
pars, name meaning 'yew-tree' (the yew
was a sacred tree) ; cogn. with Gael, and
Ir. iubhar, O.Ir. ibar (whence the Irish
pers. name Ibhar or I var), yew; Wei. ^/lor
now means ' hedge ']
Agnes de York. —

Yorks Poll-Tax, ^.D. 1379.

At t>e ersbisschop of York now will I
bigyn.^L. Minot, Poems (14th cent.), ix. 29.

Le nom gaulois de I'if [yew], eburos,
joue un rOle important dans la nomen-
clature gdographique des , Gaulois. . . .
I Le nom d'homme Eburus s'est rencontre
souvent dans les inscriptions romaines.
... En Angleterre York, Eburacus, en
derive. —

de Jubainville, Les Celtes (1904), pp. 5 1-2.

The mod. Welsh name of York is
Caerefrog [Wei. caer, fortress, city]. The
Irish name is Ebroch.

YORWARTH is an Aiiglicization of the Welsh v
form, lorwerth, oi the A.-Sax. Eddweard
[v. Edward] ; and its peculiar form, with
the Efpp. phonetic substitution of -r- for -d-,
is doubtle.ss due to the attempt to, ap-
proximate- to the pronunciation of the
A.-Sax. Edd-.

lorwerth uab Maredudd
(lorwerth son of Meredith). —

' Breuddwyd Rhonabwy ' (Dresim
of Rhonabwy) ; Mabinogion.
YOUARD 1

YOUART \ = Eward, q.v.
YOUATT J

YOUD 1 , .
,youdeJ =''"'^«'1''-

^Y§^C^L^ = Veuda.,.q..

Youds

317

Zouch

YOUDS, Youd's (Son) : v. Youd, Jude.

YOUELL (Eng.) i Dweller at (a) the Spring

by the Yew(s [O.E.Yto, yew-tree +'w{i)ell(a,

well, spring], (6) the Ewe-Spring (spring

frequented by ewes) [O.E. S(o)we, ewe]

2 conf. with Yuill, q.v.

YOUENS for Ewens, q.v.

YOULLJ ^"'e, q.v.

YOULTON (Eng.) Bel. to Youlton (N. Yorks),.

the Domesday loletun — (prob.) Ge6l's

Farm 6r Estate [see under Yule, and

-I- O.E. tun, farm, &c.]

YOUMANS, V. Yeomans.

YOUNG "I (Eng.) This name doubtless owes
YOUNGE I ifs C9mmonness to being used in

the sense of 'the younger' or 'junior'
[M.E. yong{e, yung{e, O.E. geong, young]

. John le Yonge. — ffund.^RoUs.

Young, in our directories, is often a
recent Anglicization of the cognate Gei-.
Jung.

YOUNGER (Eng.) Junior [cdmpan of Young]

YOUNGHUSBAND [v. Young and Husband]
Roger le Yonghusband.— Co/. Rot. Orig.

YOUNGLING (Eng.) Youth {O.K.geongling—

-ling, dim. suff.]

YOUNGMAN [v. Young, and -t- E. wah]

This name is sometimes a recent Ang-
licization of the corresD. Ger. JungmOfi.

YOUNGMAY [v. Young and May]

YOUNGS (Eng.) Young's (Son).: v. Young.

YOUNGSBAND idr Younghiisband, q.v.

YOUNGSMITH , [v. Young and Smith]

YOUNGSON (Eng.) Young's Son : v. Young.

YOXALL (Eng.) Bel. to Yoxall (Staffs), 13th

cent. Yoxhal(e, lokeshal = (prob.) Geac's

Hall [the pers. name (in the genitive)

is a nickname f. O.E. gedc, a^ cuckoo -f-

O.Merc. hall, a hall]

YUILL (Eng.) i Dweller at {a) the Yew-Hill
, [O.E. iw + hyll] (b) the Ewe-Hill [O.E.
^{o)we -f hyll]
2 conf. with Youell, q.v.

YULE (Eng.) a name given to one born it

Christmas [M.E. youle, yole, O.E. geol

= O.N. iol, "a great midwinter-feast in

' the heathen-time, afterwards applied to

Christmas"]
Robertus Youle. —

Yorks Poll-Tax. A.p. 1379.
YUNG. V. Young.
YUNGER, v. Younger.
YUNGLING, V. Youngling.
YUNGMAN.V. Youngman.

^ACH, a dim. of Zachary, Zachariah, q.v.
ZACHARIAH \ (Heb.) The Lord hath Re-
ZACHARY J membered [Heb. Z'Marydh ;
f. zdkhar, to remember, and Yah, Jehovah]
ZEAL 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Zeal (Devon), a voiced
ZEALL 1 (West-Country) form of Seal, q,v.

ZEALEY (Eng.) a voiced (West-Country)
form of Sealey, Seeley, qvA

ZIMMERMAN (Ger.) Carpenter: v. the
Appendix of Foreiign Names.

ZOUCH, V. Such.

Alan de la Zovxhe.— Testa iie Nevill.

3i8

ETYMOLOGICAL

Appendix of the Principal Foreign Names

FOUND IN BRITISH DIRECTORIES.

ACKERMANN (Ger.) Husbandman, Agri-
culturist [O.H.Ger. achar, acchar, a field
-i- manin] Eng. Acreman.

ADLER (Ger.lJ Eagle [M.H.Ger.adler, adel-ar;

I. O.H.Ger. adal, noble + aro (mod. aar),

large bird of prey, eagle]

ADOLF \(Ger.) Noble Wolf [f. O.H.Ger.
ADOLPH f adal. noble -\- wolf]

AHRENS.genit. of Ahrent (with dropped -t-)

AHRENT (Ger.) Eagle [L.Ger. arent = Dut,

arend]
ALBRECHT (Gef.) = Albert, q.v. in Diet.

ANDERSEN (Scand.) Dan.-Norvv. form of
Anderson, q.v. in Diet. [Dan.-Norw.
^ son, son]

ANDRE (Fr.) = Andrew, q.v. in Diet.

ANTON (Ger.) for the Lat. Antonius (Eng.

Atft(h)ony), f. the , Gr. Antios, Latinized

Antius [Gt. dvTlos, conironting]

APFEL (Ger.) = Apple, q.v. in Diet. [M.H.Ger.
ap/el. O.H.Ger. apful]

AREND(T (Dut.) Eagle - [Dut. arend]

ARM AND (Fr.) SoLdier, Warrior [f. O.Ger.
Hariman (A.-Sax. Hereman) — hari, army,

+ man(n]

ARNAUT } ^^'-^ = Arnold', q.v. in Diet. .

ASCHER (Ger.) = Asher, q.v. in Diet.

AUBERT (Fr.) = Albert, q.v. in Diet.

AUGUST (Ger.) \ forms of Lat. Altgustus: see
AUGUSTE (Fr.) J under Austin in Diet.

BACH (Ger.) Brook [M.H.Ger.bach, O.H.Ger.
bah(h] Eng. Bach(e, i Batch, and
lA.-Scfeind. Beck.

BARRAUD (Fr.) see under Barpat(t' in Diet.

BAUER (Ger.) Peasant, Husbandman
[M.H.Ger. gebure, O.H.Ger. giburo^
Eng. Bower^.

BAUM (Ger.) Tree [M.H.Ger. O.H.Ger. 6o«»i]
Eng. Beam. ^

BAUMANN (Ger.) BuilDer [M.H.Ger.
O.H.Ger. bu, building, construction +

mdn(n]\
BAUMGARTNER (Ger.) Nurseryman* [see
Baum ; and + gdrtner, gardener, f.
M.H.Ger. ^art^, 'O.H.Ger. garto, garden]

BAYER (Ger.) Bavarian [f. the Latinized;
tribal name Bauarii]

BEAUFORT (Fr.) Noble Stronghold, [Fr.
ibeau, bel, tine, noble ; Lat. bell-us + Fr, ,
fort, a stronghold, fort ; f. 'Lai. fort-is, strong]
There are several places of this name
in France.

BEAUFOY (Fr.) Fine or Noble Beech-Tree

[Fr. beau, bel, Lai: bell-, fine, &c. -f O.Fr-

fay, fai (mod. Fr. fay-ard), Lat. fag-us, a

I j ' beech-tree]'

There is a Beaufai in Orne, Normandy.

BEAULIEU (Fr.) see Beaulieu in Diet,

BEAUMONT (Fr.) see Beaumont in Diet. '

BECK (Ger.) Baker [Dial. Ger. Jec*, M.H.Ger.
becke,0.ii.Gev.becko]

BECKER (Ger.) Baker [Ger. backer, M^H.Ger. '

becket]

BEHREND (Ger.) Bear [f. O.Ger. Berin (with

added -d), a dim. form of O.H.Ger. bero,

^ bear]

BEHRENS, genit. of Behrend (vyitlj dropped
-d-). ' ■

BE(H)RING (Ger.) Bear's Son [f. O.H.Ger.
bero, a bear -f- tUe ' son ' suff. -ing]

BENOtT (Fr.) form of Benedict, q.v. in Diet.

BERG (Ger.) Hill, Mountain [M.H.Ger.

Q^H.Ger, bergl

Berger

319

Courtier

BERGER "I (Fr.) Shepherd, Swain [Fr.
BERGIER J berger: see Bepgep in Diet.]

BERG MANN (Ger.) Miner; Mountaineer
[see upder Berg, and + mann\

BERNHARDT (Ger.) Bear-Brave |}O.Ger.
Berinhard, Berinhari: Berin-, a dina. form
oihero, a bear + O.h.Gex. hard, O.H.Ger^
' hart, hard, brave]

BERNSTEIN (Ger.) Amber [Ger. bemstein,
amber : the surname is mod. Ger.-Jewish]

BIRNBAUM (Ger.) Pear-Tr:ee [Ger. bime, a

pear, is really a pi. form ; O.H.Ger. bira,

{. Lat. pir-um, a pear + Ger. baum, a tree :

see under Baum]

BISCHOFF ($er.) Bishop [Ger. bischof; of the
same brig, as Eng. Bishop(p, q.v. in Diet.

BISMARCK (Ger.) f. the place-name Bismark
i.e. Bisehofsmark — the Bishop's March
or Boundary [see Bischoff, and +
' O.H.Ger. marka]

BLOCH (Ger.) Block (nickname) [M.H.Ger.
' btoch. O.H.Ger. 6/oA(A]

BLONDEAU ] (fr.) Fair, LfeHT-CoMPLEX-

BLONDEL lONED [see Blond in Diet., and

BLONDET J -I- the Fr. dim. suffs. -eau, for

/ earlier -el, and -et]

BLUM (Ger.) Bloom, Flower [Ger. blume,
M.H.Ger. bluome, O.H.Ger. SZuoma]

BLUMBERG (Ger.) Flower-Hill [see Blum

and Berg]

BLUMENFELD (Ger.) Flower-Field [Ger.

, blumen, pi. ol blume (see Blum) +feld,

O.H.Ger. feld, a field]

BLUMENTHAL (Ger.) Flower-Valley [see

under Blumenfeld; and + Ger. t{h)al,

O.H.Gej. tal, a' dale, valley]

BONNIN (Fr.) QooD [Fr. Jwi, Lat. bon-us,
, good + the Fr. dim; suff. -in]

BONVAL(L)ET (Fr.) Good Valet or Youth

[Fr. ban, Lat. bon-us, good -f- Fr. valets

see Val let in Diet.]

BOUCHARD (Fr.) BiG Mouth [Fr. bouche,

mouth, Lat. bucca^ + the Fr. intens. suff.

-arJ, O.Teut, Aarrf, hard]

BOUTEILlER (Fr.) Cup-Bearer [see Butler

in Diet.]

BOUVIER"! (Fr.) Cattle-Drover, Ox-Herd
BOYER \[L.\^3Lt.bovarius;l.l^aX.bos,bovis,

an ox]

BRAUN (Ger.) Brown [M.H.Ger. O.H.Ger.

O.L.Ger. ftr(i/!]

BRENDT (Ger.) a syncopated var. of Behrend,
q.v. i

BRONTE (Gr.) Thunder [Gr. ^povf^J

The father of Charlotte, Emily, and
Anne Bronte is said to haye been origin- '
ally named Prunty.

BRUIN (Dut.) Brown [Dut. bruin = Fris. and

O.Teut. ftnJn]

BRUN (Fr.) Brown [Fr. 6n<«, f. Teul/.: see

under Braun]

BRUNEL (Fr.) Brown [•- Brun, with dim.

. - ■ suif. -et]

BUHL (Ger.) Lover, Sweetheart [Ger. buhle,
M.H.Ger. buole, O.H.Ger. buolo']

BURCKHARDT (Ger.) Stronghold-Firm
[M.H.Ger. burc, O.Teut. burg, city, strong-
hold -h hard, hart, hard, firm]
Corresp. to the A.-Sax. Burgh{e)arJ.

BURGER (Ger.) Burgher, Citizen [Ger. biir-
ger, M.li.Ger. biirgcere, O.H.Ger, jMr^an]

BUSSY (Fr.) Thicket, Woody Place [O.Fr.

bus (mod. bois)i O.H.Ger. busc, a Dush,,

thicket, wood : -y repr. the Lat. ' planta-

' tion ' suffix -et-urn\

CAILLARD l (Fr.) i Piebald (evid. anapparel-

CALLARD J nickname) [Dial. Fr. cail, caille,

piebald ; with intens. suff. -ard, O.Teut.

hard, hard]

2 a nickname from the Quail [Fr. caille

(of L.Ger. orig.) ; with suff. as above]

CASTELNAU \ (Fr.) Nevv Castle [O.South.

CASTELNEAU J Fr. castel, Lat. castell-um -^

O.S.Fr. -nau, -neau, Lat. nov-um, new]

CASTRO (Ital., Span,, Portug.) Castle [Lat.

castrum, dat. castro]

CAZENOVEUFr.) New House [Fr. case

CAZNEAU \ neuve, Lat. casa nova: see under

Case in Diet.]

CHAMP (Fr.) Field [Fr. Shamp, Lat. camp-US']
CHASTEL \(Fr.) Castle [O.Fr. chastel.

CHRISTIANSEN) Scand. forms of Christ-
CHRISTENSEN J ianson, q.v. in Diet.

CLERC l(Fr.)- Clerk [Fr. cUrc, Lat.
CLERGUE; cleric-us]

COQUARD (Fri) Old Gallant, Old Beau

[Fr. caq, a coek -1- the intens. suif. -ard,

O.lerxt. hard]

COUDRAY (Fr.) Hazel-Grove [see Cowdrey,

in Diet.]

COURTIER (Fr.) Broker, Agent [O.Fr,
couratier; Lat. curator, a guardian, over-
looker]

Dacosta

320

Du Pre

DACOSTA \ (Portug.) Of the Coast or
DA COSTA J Shore [Lat. casta, a side]

D'ALLEMAGNEl (Fr.) Of Germany [Lat.-

D'ALMAINE J Teut. tribal name Al{l)e-

matini, Alamanni, usually said to signify

. the 'All-Men,' whatever that may mean.

Ill all probability there should bfe an

initial H-, ahd the -e-, -a-, is a phon.

intrust : I suggpst for the first elem. the

O.Teut. halm- (as in OvN. hjAlm-r),

helra(et ; the Alamanni, in that case, being

' the Helmeted Men ': dp. Hess(eJ

DANTE (Ital.) contr. of Durante, q.v.

DASILVA 1 (Portug.) Of the Wood [Lat.
DA SILVA f silva, a wood, thicket]

DEFRAINE 1 (Fr.) Of (the) Ash-Tree fFr,
DE FRAINE | /r^«e, Lat ./ra.r!w-«x, an ash-tree]

DE JONG (Dut.) Xhe Young(er [Dul. de,
the -f jong, young(er]

DELACROIX "I (Fr.) Of the Cross [Lat.
DELACROIX/ crux, crucis, a cross]

DELACRUZ I (Span.) Of the Cross [Lat.
DE LA' CRUZ J crux, crucis, a cross]

'V

DELARUE \ (Fr.) Of the Street [see Rew
DE LA RUE I (Fr.-Lat.) in Diet.]

I
DELMAR 1 (Span.) Of the Sea (-Coast) or
DEL MAR 1 Lake [Lat. mare, the sea]

DEPASS \ (Fr.) Of (the) f ass or Track
DE PASS J [Ft. pas(se; hat. pass-us, a track]

DESBOIS ] (Fr.) Of the Woods [see Buss
DES BOIS . _. -

DETMAR
DETTMAR

DEVERE
DE VERE

j , in Diet.]

I (Flem,) = Dittmar, q.v.
'1 (Fr.) Of (the) Fishing-Place

[see Vere in Diet.]

DEVRIES 1 (Dut.) The Frieslander [Dut.

DEVRIESM^, the + Vries, Ffie^landpr,

Frisian : see under Fraser in Diet.]

DEWIT(T \ (Flem.) The White [Flem. de.
DE WIT(t; the ; iwiV, white]

DEWOLF l(Flem.) The Wolf [Flem. de,
DE WOLF I' the + wolf]

DIAZ (Span.) a contracted genit. of Diago
(Diego) = Jacob, q.v. in Diet.

DIETRICH (Ger.) People or Mighty Ruler
[see under Theodoric in Diet.]

DIEZ I C^^"") '^'™' fornis of Dietricjh, q.v.

DITTMAR (Ger.) People or Mightily
Famous [O.H.Ger. diot(a, nation, people
(see Theed in Diet.) -1- mdri, famous, &c.]

DORE (Fr.) Golden [see Doree in Diet.]

DREYFUS "I (Ger.) Trivet, Tripod [Ger.
DRE\FUSSj dreifuss; f. O.H.Ger. drt, three

+ fuoz, foot]

A Jewish-Ger. nickname for a^maker
ot the article-. No connexion with the
place-name Trfives.

DRUCKER (Ger.) Printer [f. M.H.Ger.
drucken, drucken, O.H.Ger. drucchan, to

press]

DU- (niasc.) (Fr.) Of the [O.Fr. deu, del,

contr. of de le; Lat. de + ilium (masc. ace]

(Fr.) Of the Wood [see Buss
- in Diet.]

DUBOC

DUBOIS

DUBOS

DUBOSC

DUBOSQ

DUBUC

DUBUS .

DUBUSC

DUBUSQUE''

DUBUISSON 1 (Fr.) OF the Bush or

DU BUISSON J Thicket [Fr. buisson on,

dim. suiT. : see Buss in Diet,]'.

DUCHENE I (Fr.) Of the Oak-Tree [Fr.
DUCHESNE \chene, O.Fr. chesne, quesne: see
DUQUESNE J under Cheney in Diet.]

DUCLOS ] (Fr.) Of the Enclosure [Fr^
DU CLOSJc/fli; f. Lat. claudere (sup. claur ^
^ I sum), to close]'

DUFEU 1 (Fr.) Of the Beech-Ti(ee [Dial
DU FEU J Ft. feu, fey, fay (Fr. fay-ard), Lat,
fag-US, beech-tree] ;

DULIEU \ (Fr-) Of the Place [Fr. lieu, Lat. ;
DU LIEU I /oc-«i, a place]

DUMAS (Fr.) Of the Little Farm or

EsTAT? [South. Fr. mas, L.Lat. mans-us;

conn, with Lat. mansio, a station]

DUMONT \{Ft.) O^ the Mount [Lat.
DU MONT J - mont-em, ace. of mons, a hill]

DUPARC "I (Fr.) Or the Park [see under
DU PARC J Park in Diet.]

DUPONT 1 (Fr.) Of the Bridge [Lat.
DU PONT J pont-em, ace. oipons, a bridge]

DUPRAT ->
DU PRAT
DUPRE
DU PRE

■ See Pratt and Pray in the Diet.

(Fr.) Of the Meadow [Lat.
prat-um, a meadow]

Dupuis

321

Finkler

DUPUIS 1 (Fr.) Of the Well or Pit [O.Fr.
DU puis; puis (Ft. putts), Lat. pute-us]

DUPUY "1 (Fr.) Of the Height [South. Fr.

DU PUY //>«>, a, height; Lat. podi-um, a

balcony, elevated platform]

Le puy est, k proprement parler, la
plate-forme a rebords qui caract6rise la
cime des anciens volcans d'Auvergne. —
Larchey, p. 146.

DURANTE (Ital.) Enduring [Ital. durante;
f. durare, Lat. durare, to endure, last]

DUVAL \ (Fr.) Of THE Valley [Lat. vall-is,
DU VALJ a vale]

EBERHARD(T (Ger.) Boar-Brave [see under
Everapd in Diet.]

EBERT (Ger.) a dim. of Eberhapd(t, q.v.

ECK(H)ART 1 (Ger.) Sword-Brave [O.H.Ger.
ECJKERT J ecka, 'weapon-point, sword -1-
hart, hard, brave]
The A.-Sax. Ecgh{e)ard.

EDELMANN (Ger.) Nobleman [O.H.Ger.
edili, noble -|- man{n]

EDELSTEIN (Ger.) Precious Stone ; Jewel
[O.H.Ger. edili, noble + stein, stone]

EHRLICH (Ger.) Honourable [f. O.H.Ger.
Sra, honour -f the adj. suff. -licK]

EHRMANN (Ger.) Honourable Man;
Worthy [f.O.H. Ger.^-a, honour -|-»!aK(«]

ELKAN (Heb.) an apocopated form of El-

kanah (Vulgate £/<7<infl) = Possession of

God, or Whom God hath Redeemed

[Heb. Elqdndh ; f. El, God, and qdndh, to

possess, redeem]

ENGEL (Ger.) i the first elem. of various
compd. names (see following) : it is the
sing; of the national name (O.E. Engle,
Angles or English : see England in Diet.)

[The etym. is an- O.Teut. word for
' meadow,' ' grassland,' seen in O.N. eng,
M.Dut. engh, and O.L.Ger. and O.H.Ger.
angar (mod. Ger. anger), in which last the
-ar is really a pi. suff. correSp. to the
O.N. pi. -iar, -jar (engiar, meadows) : -el
is the dim. suft.]

2 Angel [see Angel in Diet.]

ENGELBERT 1 (Ger.) see EngeP, and
ENGELBRECHT f H- O.Sax. berht, O.H.Ger.
beraht, ' bright,' ' glorious,' &c.

ENGELHARDT (Ger.) see Engel", and -|-
O.Teut. haft, hard, 'hard,' 'brave.'-

EPSTEIN (Ger.) Eppo's Stone (Castle)
[O.H.Ger. stein]

ERDMANN (Ger.) Land-Worker [f. Ger.
erde, O.H.Ger. erda, earth, ground, soil -f-

mann, man]

Some German writers on surnames
say that this name is from Hartmann 1

ERNST (Ger. and Dut.) Earnestness, Zeal

[Ger. ernst, m., M.H.Ger. ernest, O.H.Ger.

emust = Dut. emsi\

The adj.ffr«rf, 'earnest,' is only Mod. Ger.

FABER (Ger.-Lat.) Smith; Carpenter [Lat.

faber]

Latinization of Ger. Schmidt and
Zimraermann.

FALK 1 (Ger.) Falcon, Hawk [Ger. falke,
FALKE ) O.H.Ger. /a/cAo]

FARGE (Fr.) Dweller by a Forge [Dial. Fr.
farge, a forge ; Lat. fabrica, a workshop]

FARGUES (Fr.) a S. French place-name =

the Forges \l.Vxav^'a<^.faurgai^x. forge);

L,sit. fabrica, a workshop]

FARJEON (Fr.) = Farge (q.v.) with the dim.
suff. -on [Lat. -i-on-em]

FAUDEL (Fr.) Cattle-Stall, Sheep-Fold
[North. Ft. faud, f. the Cont. Teut. cogn.
of O.E. faUp)d, a (sheep-J fold (ep. Dan.-
Norw. fold, a sheep-pen) -|- the Fr. dim.

suff. -el\

FAUREl(Fr.) Smith; Carpenter [Lat.

FAVRE I faber^

FAUST (Ger.-Lat.) Lucky, Auspicious [Lat.

faust-us\

Faust happens also to be the German
word for ' fist.'

FEIN BERG (Ger.) Fair Mount [Ger. fein,
f. Fr. Jin, fine -|- Ger. berg, hill]

FELDMAN(N (Ger.) Fibld-Man [O.H.Ger.

feld + man(n]

FERDINANDOl (Span, and Ital.) see Fer-
FERNANDO J dinand in Diet.

FERNANDEZ (Span.) genit. of Fernando.

FINK (Ger.) Finch [O.H.Ger. fincho = Dan.-

Norw. finke'\

FINKLER (Ger.) Bird-Catcher, Fowler [f.

Fink]

Fischer

322

Herz

FISCHER (Ger.) FlSHERfman [f. Ger. fisch,
O.H.Gex. fisc, fish ; with the agent, suff. -er\

FLACH (Ger.) Flat, Plain, Level; Open
Field [O.H.Ger./aA(A]

FOURNIER (Fr.) Oven-Keeper; Parish-
Baker [f. Yx.fourn-eau, oven ; Lat./Mr»-as]

FREUND (Ger.) Friend ; Kinsman [O.H.Ger.

friuni\

FRIEDMANN (Ger.) Man of Peace [Ger.
friede, O.H.Ger. fridu, peace -|- mann]

FRITZ (Ger.) a dim. oiFriedrich = Frederick,

q.v. in Diet.

FUCHS (Ger.) Fox [O.H.Ger. vuhs\

GASS "1 (Ger.) Street, Lane, Path [Ger.
GASSE / gasse, O.H.Ger. gazza]

GERHARD(T (Ger.) see Gerard in Diet.

GINSBERG I f„, „,. ^ ^
GINSBURG ) '^°'^ GCinzburg, q.v.

GIRARDIN \(Tr.) forms of Gerard (q.v. in
GIRARDOT J Diet.), with Fr. dim. suff. -in, -ot.

GIRAUD (Fr.) form of Gerald, q.v. in Diet.

GLUCKSTEIN (Ger.) Lucky Stone [glucli,

good luck, M.H.Ger. geliicke -\- stein,

M.H.Ger. O.H.Ger. stein, stone]

GOETHE 1 dim. form of one or other of the

;s,' more esp.

Gottfried, q.v.

GOTHE J Ger. Gott- names,' more esp.

GOLDBERG (Ger.) Gold Hill [O.H.Ger.
gold + berg, hill]

GOLDSCHMIDT\(Ger.) Goldsmith [Ger.

GOLDSMID i goldschmied ; O.H.Ger.goId

+ smid (IM.H.Ger. smit]

GOLDSTEIN (Ger.) Gold Stone [O.H.Ger.

gold + stein]

In Mod. Ger. goldstein denotes the
chrysolite.

GOTTFRIED (Ger.) see Godfrey in Diet.

GOTTHARD (Ger.) see Goddard in Diet.

GOTTSCHALK (Ger.) God's Servant
[O.H.Ger. Got (genit. Gates) + scale,

servant]

GRAF
GRAF
GRAFF

(Ger.) Earl, Count [Ger. graf,

O.H.Ger. grdv{i)o; cogn. with O.E.

gerdfa, a reeve]

GREL(L)IER (Fr.) Slender, Slim [f. Yr.griU,
O.Fr. graisle, Lat. gracil-is\

GRUNBAUM (Ger.) Green Tree, Privet

[O.H.Ger. gruoni, green -)- houm, tree]

Often partly Anglicized as Greenbaum.

G RUN BERG (Ger.) Green Hill [O.H.Ger.

gruoni + herg\
Often partly Anglicized as Greenberg.

GUERRIER (Fr.) Warrior [f.(with Fr. agent.

suff. -ier) Fr. guerre, war ; O.H.Ger. wert,

defence, fortification (whence mod. Ger.

wehrmann, warrior]

GUILLAUME : see under William in Diet.

GUNZBURG (Ger.) One from Gunzburg (S.
Germany) = GOnz's or GuNz's Strong-
hold [GUnz or Gum is a dim. f. one of
the O.Ger. Gund- names — O.H.Ger. gund,
war, battle — esp. Gundher + O.H.Ger.

burg]

HAAS (Dut.) Hare [Dut. haas]

Cp. Hase.

H AH N (Ger!) Cock [O.H.Ger. Aa«oJ

HASE (Ger.) Hare [O.H.Ger. haso]

Cp. Haas.

HEIN(E (Ger.) dim. of Heinrich, q.v.

HEINRICH (Ger.) see under Henry in Diet.

hIinZ^ I (Ger.) genit. of Hein(e, q.v.

HELD (Ger.) Hero, Champion [M.H.Ger.
helt, held = O.Sax. heWS]

HENDRIK (Dut. and Scand.) = Henry, q.v.
in Diet.

HENRI (Fr.) see Henry iu Diet.

HENRIK (Scand. and Dut.) = Henry, q.v. in
Diet.

HENRIKSEN (Scand.) Henrik's Son [Dan.-

Norw. soM, son]

HENRIQUES 1 (Span.) genit. of Henrique,
HENRIQUEZ J more commonly Enrique =
Henry, q.v. in Diet.

HER(R)MAN(N (Ger.) Warrior, Soldier

[O.Gcr. Heriman(n, Hariman{n — O.H.Ger.

and O.Sax. heri, hart, army -I- man{n]

HERTZ ] (Ger.) genit. of a dim. of one of the

HERZ J Ger. Hert- or Hart- compound

names [O.H.Ger. herti, harti, hard, brave]

Hess

323

Krohn

HESS 1 (Ger.) One from Hesse [f. the medi-
HESSE I seval tribal name Hehii, the Roman
Chatti (for Hatti), with the Upper Ger-
manic mutation of f to s through tlie
intermed. pron. ts; doubtless named
from the head-covering (hat) affected —
0.(L.)Teut. halt, surviving in Fris. hat,
O.K. hat, O.N. hdtt-r (earlier hatt-r), Dan.-
Norw. Aa/,vallied to O.H.Ger. A«o< (mod.
hut) = O-E. hdd, a hood ; the Chatti or
Hatti therefore being 'the Hatted or
Hooded People']

HYMAn'^'^ I see Hyman in the Diet.
HIRSCH (Ger.) Hart, Stag [O.H.Ger. hiruz]

HIRSCHBERG (Ger.) Hart-Hill [O.H.Ger.

hiruz + berg]

HOFMANN (Ger.) Courtier; Farm-Bailiff

[f. Ger. hof^ farm, manor, court, palace,

O.Teut. (incl. O.E.) hof + manri]

HOPFNER (Ger.) Hop-Grower [f. Ger.
hfipfen, hop(a; Late O.H.Ger. hopjd\

HORST (Ger.) Shrubbery, Thicket
[O.H.Ger. hors(\

Cogn. with Hurst, q.v. in Diet.
HUGO (Ger.) = Hugh, q.v. in Diet.

JAEGER"! (Ger.) Hunter ]JAM.(jex. jeger{e,
JAGER ) O.H.Ger. •ya^^eW = Dut.}"a^er]

JANSEN \ (Scand.) Jan's or Johan's Son
JENSEN J = Johnson, q.v. in Diet. [Dan.-

Norw. son, son]

JOHANNESEN (Scand.) Johannes's Son 1 _
JOHANSEN (Scand.) Johan's Son J

Johnson, q.v. in Diet. [Dan.-Norw.. jij«,

son]

JUNG (Ger.) Young [O.H.Ger. j««^]

See Young in Diet.

KAHN (Heb.) a Ger. form of Cohen, q.v. in
Diet.

KAISER "I (Ger.) Emperor, Cssar [O.H.Ger.

KAYSER J fejjwr = O.Sax. Usur = Goth.

kaisar; all f. Lat, Caesar]

'Kaiser' is the oldest German word
borrowed from Latin.
Cp. Cayser in Diet.

KAUFFMANN \ (Ger.) Merchant; Trades-

KAUFMANN J man [Ger. kaufmann, O.H.Ger.

koufman{n = Eng. chapman]

KELLER \ (Ger.) Cellarer; Tavern-
KELLNER J Keeper; Butler [M.H.Ger.
kellcere, kelnare; Lat. cellarius, store-
keeper, cellarer]

In mod. Ger. kellerer = ' keeper of a
cellar or tavern ' ; kellner = ' barman,'
' tapster,' ' waiter '; kellermeister (lit. ' cellar-
master ')'= 'butler.'

KERN (Ger.) Excellent, Choice [Gev.kem,

essence, marrow ; excellent, choice ;

O.H.Ger. kemo]

KLEIN (Ger.) Little, Small; Neat, Nice

[O.H.Ger. kleini, nice, neat, clean, pure

= Dut. klein, small = Eng. clean]

Often Anglicized as Kline,

KLUGE (Ger.) Wise, Prudent, Clever
[Ger. Mug, wise, etc. ; M.H.Ger. kluog,
kluoc, fine, nice, wise, brave, etc. = Dut.
kloek, brave, sagacious] '

KOCH (Ger.) Cook [M.H.Ger. O.H.Ger. koch,
earlier choh{h; Lat. coqu-us]

KOENJG-i (Ger.) King [O.H.Ger. kuning,
KONIG i chuning = O.Sax. hining = Dut.

koning]

KOHLERwGer.) Charcoal-Borner ; Col-

KOHLERJLIER [Ger. kohler; f. (with agent.

suff. -e)r) kohle, charcoal, coal ; O.H.Ger.

kolo]

KOHN (Heb.) a Ger. form of Cohen, q.v. in
Diet.

KONRAD \(Ger.) Bold Counsel [O.Ger.

KOHR^^H I Kuonrdt—OM.Gex. kuoni (mod.

kiihn), bold, keen -|- rdt . (mod. rat{h) =

O.Sax. rad, counsel, advice]

See Conrad in Diet.

KRAMER \ (Dut.) Mercer, Pedlar [Dut.
K RAMMER J kramer] '

KRAMER (Ger.) Shopkeeper, Tradesman,

Haberdasher [f. (with agent, suff. -er)

Ger. kram, retail "trade, shop, small wares ;

M.H.Ger. kram = Dut. kraam, booth,

stock, wares]

See Cramer in Diet.

KRAUS
KRAUSE
KRAUSS
KRAUSSE

(Ger.) Curly-Headed [Ger.kraus,

crisp, curly ; M.H.Ger. krits =

ai.Dut. inns (mod. Dut. kroes]

KRIEGER (Ger.) Warrior, Soldier [f. (with

agent, suff. -er) Ger. krieg, war; M.H.Ger.

kriec, krieg; O.H.Ger. chreg, firmness,

pertinacity]

KROHN (Ger.) Crown [f. Ger. krone, O.H.Ger.
cordna; Lat. corona]

Kruej^er

324

Maas

KRUEGERi (Ger.) Publican [Ger. kruger;

KRUGER J I- (with agent, suff. -er) Ger.

krug, jug, po't ; O.H.Ger. kruog'\

KUHN1 (Ger.) Bold,

kuhnI

Keen [Ger. kuhn,
O.H.Ger. kuoni]

\ (Ger.) Short [Ger. kurz, O.H.Ger.
J kurz, Lat. curtus]

KURTZ
KURZ

See Cupt in Diet.

LALLEMAND (Fr.) The German [Fr. L', the ;

Lat. ille + allemand, German ; see under

D'Allemagne]

LAM BEL (Fr.) a double dim. of Lambert,
q.v. in Diet [Fr. dim. suff. -el, Lat. -ell-us]

LANDEAU 1 (Fr.) double dims, of Roland,

LANDEL ..'q.v. in Diet. [Fr. dim. suft. -^aM,

earlier -el, Lat. -ell-us\

LANGE (Fr.) The Angel [Fr. £', the; Lat.
ille + ange, angel : see Angel(l in Diet.
(Ger.) Long, Tall [f. O.Teut. /a«^, long]

LANGLAIS"! (Fr.) The Englishman [Fr. Z,',

LANGLOIS J the; Lat. ille + anglais, earlier

anglois, English(man : see under Engel',

and + Fr. -ais -ois, Lat. ensis]

LARCHER (Fr.) The Archer [Fr. L', the;
and see Archer in Diet.]

LARSEN (Scand.) LaRs' (Laurence's) Son
[see .Laurence in Diet. ; and + the
Seand. fil. suff. -sen, Dan.-Norw. son =

Swed. son'\

LEBAS 1 (Fr.) The Short [Fr. le, the ; Lat.

LE BAS ,1 ille + Fr. has, short, low, shallow ;

L.Lat. bass-us; i. Celt. : ep. Wei. bas, low,

flat, shallow = Ir. bas, 'any flat thing']

LEBLANC \ (Fr.) The White, Fair [Fr. le,

LE BLANC j the ; Lat. ille + Fr. blanc, white ;

O.H.Ger. blancQi (Ger. blank}

LEBRETON \ (Fr.) The Breton [Fr. le, the ;

LE BRETON J Lat. ille + breton, of Bretagne
or Brittany, Lat. Britannia (Minor) ; Cat.
Britanni, Britons ; Gr. 'Rperravla, BperraviK'/i,
Britain : — the stem is f. the pnm. form
of Wei. brith = Ir. brit, motley, pied,
varicoloured, speckled ; Wei.. Brython =
Corn. Brethon = Ir. Breat{h)n-ach (cp. also
Ir. britach, stammering like a Briton),-
Briton, Welshman ; cp. Wei. Brithwr
{brith, Varicoloured, etc. + {g)wr, man),
Piet (the allusion, of course, is to the
painting or tattooing practices of the
andent Celts). The argumeht against
the connexion of brith with Brython is

fallacious.]

LEMAISTRE
LE MAISTRE
LEMATTRE
LE MAtTRE

LEFEVRE (Fr.) The Smith [Fr. le, the +

f^re (cp. Fr. or/ivre, goldsmith), Lat

faber, smith, carpenter]

LEGRAND I (Fr.) The Big or Tall [Ft. le,
LE GRAND J the + grand, L?it.grand-is,-great,

tall]

LEGROS 1 (Fr.) The Big or StOut [Fr. le,
LE GR08) the; and see under Grose in

Diet.]

LEHMANN 1 (Ger.) Vassal [Ger. lehnmann;

LEHNMANN f f . leh{e)n, O.H.Ger. lehan, fee,

fief, feudal tenure + mann, O.H.Ger.

man{n\

(Fr.) The Master [Fr. le,

the + maitre, O.Fr. maistre,

master, proprietor, • director,

governor ; Lat. magister']

LEMOINE |(Fr.) The Monk [Fr. 7e, the +

LE MOiNE Jmoine, monk; Lat. *moni-us; f.

Gr. niy-os, alone]

LEMPRIERE "I (Fr.) The Emperor (a nick-

LEMPEREUR J name for an imperial servant)

[Fr. /', the + empereur, Lat. imperator\

LEON (Fr.) Lion [Lat. leon-em, aceus. of lea,
lion ; whence Fr. //objm,' leonine]

LIEBMAN(N 1 (Ger.) Beloved Man [Ger.

LIEPMAN(N l/ieJ, M.H.Ger. Hep. O.H.Ger.

LIPMAN(N J Hob, dear, beloved + M.H.Ger.

O.H.Ger. man{n\

LOEWE 1 (Ger.) Lion [Ger. lowe, M.H.Ger.

LOWE J lewe, louwe, O.H.Ger. lewo, louwo

(= Put. le'euw), lion ; borrowed forms

which have more in common with Heb.

Ivi than Lat. Ie6\

LOHER j(Ger.) Tanner, [Ger. loher; f. loh,
LOjHR J O.H.Ger. Id, tanning-bark + the

agent, suff. -er}

LOH MANN (Ger.) Barker; Tanner [Ger.
loh, O.H.Ger. 16, tanning-bark -(- Ger.
mann, O.H.Ger. man(nY

LUDWIG (Ger.) see under Lewie in Diet.

LUTHER (Ger.) see Luther in Diet.

MAAS. Dweller by the R. Maas, the Fr.
Meuse, anc. Mosa [prob. a compound
name of which the second elem. = the
Fr. Oise ; f. the Gaul. cogn. of O.Ir. u{i)sce,
Mod. Ir. and Gael, uisge, Wei. wysg,
water, a stream : the first elem. may
represent the Gaul. mag-os'(= Wei. ma
and Ir. and Gael, magh), a plain, in which
case the name, meaning ' Plain of the

Martineau

325

Petersen

River,' must have been transferred from
the level country intersected by the
stream to the water itself : there is an
Irish instance of the word for ' plain ' be-
coming'a river-name — the River Maigue,
anc: Maigh; and we may compare
Mallow, Cork, anc. Magh-Ealla, 'Plain
pf the River Alio']

MARTINEAU (Fr.) = Martin (q.v. in Diet.)
+ the Fr. dim. suff. -eau, earlier -el [Lat.

-ell-us]

MARTINET (Fr.) = Martin (q.v. in Diet.) +
the Fr. dim. suff. -et.

MARTINEZ (Span.) genit. of Mart/n or Mar-
ti'no : see Martin in Diet.

MAX (Ger.) i an abbrev. of the Latin Maxi-
mus = Greatest [superl. of Lat. magnus,

great]
2 an abbrev. of Maximilian, q.v.

MAXIMILIAN (Ger.) an arbitrary compd. of
the Latin Maximus and iEmilianus [see
under Max' : the Lat. Mmilianus is
f. Mmilius, Mmylius; f. Lat. eemulus,
egiulous, vying with, or its Gr. cognate
al/iiXos, flattering, winning : see Emelin

in Diet.]
The Kaiser Maximilian related that his
father so named him out of admiration
for the two great Romans Fabius Maxi-
mus and Scipio .zEmilianus.

MENDEL (Ger.) app., with non-Sem. dim.
suff. -ei, f. the Chaldee min'da', 'know-
ledge,' 'wisdom,' 'intelligence.' Mindel
is the better form.

MENDELSSOHN (Ger.) Mendel's Son [see
Mendel, and -|- Ger. sohn, son]

MENDES 1 (Span.) the genit. of Mend: see
MENDEZ I under Mend-el.

■ MENDOZA (Span.) app. f. the fem., mendosa,
of Span. ffi^Mdrfjo,' mendacious.'

MENIER (Fr.) i Miner [South. Fr. minier

(Fr. mineur) ; of Celt. orig. : cp. Gael, mein,

Ir. mdin, Wei. mwyn, ore, a mine]

2 a form of Meunier, q.v.

3 a descendant of the O.Teut. Meginher
= Powerful Army [O.Sax. O.H.Ger.
megin, main, power, strength -|- heri,

army]

METZGER (Ger.) Butcher [M.H.Ger..
metzjer ; L.Lat. matiarius]

METZLER (Ger.) Butcher [Rhen. Ger.
metzler; ult. f. Lat. macellarius, provisioh-
dealer— ffiace//«»j, provision or meat

market]

MEUNIER (Fr.) Miller [O.Fr. meulnier
(S.Fr. molinier), Lat. molinarius]

MEYER (Ger.) Steward, Bailiff; Farmer

[Ger. meier, O.H.Ger. meior; i. L.Lat.

major {domus), head servant ; Lat. major,

maior, compar. of magnus, great]

MINDEL (Ger.) see Mendel, the commoner
form.

MOELLER 1 (Scand.) Miller [Dan.-Norw.
MOLLER J . moller']

MONTEFIORI (It'al.) Flower-Hill [Ital.
monte, hill, mountain ; Lat. mens, montis
+ fiori, ploijiore, flower; Lat. flos, Jloris]

MUELLER 1 (Ger.) Miller [M.H.Ger. miil-
MULLER I ner, O.H^Ger. mulindri; Lat.

molinarius]

MUNTZ (Fris.) Monk [Fris. miints, a monk]

MUNZER (Ger.) Minter, Coiner [f. Ger.
munze, coin, money; Lat. moneta]

NAUMANN (Ger.) a form of Neumann, q.v.

NEUBAUER 1 (Ger.) New Peasant

NEUGEBAUER J [O.H.Ger. niuwi, new -|-

gCjbAro, peasant, husbandman]

NEUMANN (Ger.) New Man [O.H.Ger.
O.Sax. niuwi, new -|- mann]

NIEBUHR (Ger.) a Low Ger. form of Neu-
bauer, q.v.

NUSSBAUM (Ger.) Nut-Tree; Walnut-
Tree [O.H.Ger. nuz, nut -I- bourn, tree]

■ OHLSEN 1 (Scand.) Ole's i.e. Olaf's Son
OLSEN J [see under OlifT in Diet. : Dan.-
Norw. son, son]

OPPENHEIM (Ger.) Bel. to Oppenheira (nr.
the Rhine) = Oppo's Home [O.H.Ger.
heim, home, residence : the O.Ger. pers.
name Oppo, genit. 'Oppen-, is doubtless f.
the stem of O.Sax. (or au allied dial.)
opan, open, frank, candid]

OPPENHEIMER = Oppenheim, q.v. + the
agent, suff'. -er.

PEDERSEN (Scand.) Peder's i.e. Peter's
Son [see Peter in Diet. : Dano-Norw.

son, son]

PELLETIER (Fr.) Furrier [f. ^r.peau, earlier
pel, skin, fur; Lat.^W/w]

PETERSEN : see Pedensen.

Petit

326

Schaffer

PETIT (Fr.) Little [see Petit(t, Petty, in

Diet.]

PHILIPPE (Fr.),the French form of Philip,
q.v. ill Diet.

PICOT (Fr.) see Picket in Diet:

PINTO (Portug.) Chick, Chickling [Portug.

pinto, pintao]

POHL (Ger.) Pool [L.Ger. pohl = Dut. poel =
• (High) Ger. ^/«A0

POHLMANN (Ger.) Pool-Man [see Pohl]
Eng. Poolman. ■

POIRIER (Fr.) Pear-Tree [f. Fr. poire, Lat.

pir-um, a pear]

POLLACK (Ger.) Polander [see Polaok in

Diet.]

POSENERl (Ger.) Bel., to Posen [the Ger.

POSNER •] equiv. of. the Polish Posnanski:
Posen is the Ger. form ot the Polish
Posnan or Pozndn: -er, Teut. agent, suff.]

POUPARD'l (Fr.) Child, Youngster [Fr.

POUPART fpoupard; f. Lat. pip-us, a child,

with the Fr. dim. suff. -ard, -art, O.Teut.

hard, hart, hard, firm, &c.]

PRAGER (Ger.) Bel. to Prague [Ger. Prag,
Czech Praha = the Threshold]

PRALL (Ger.) Chubby [Ger. prall, chubby,
stuffed out, tight]

PREVOST (Fr.) Provost [O.Fr. prevost (Fr.
privot) ; Lat. praeposit-us, commander,

prefect]

RALLI (Ital.) a patronymic f. the Jjers. name
RalU, equiv. to the Fr. Raoul: see Ralf
in Diet.

REICH (Ger.) Rich; Mighty [M.H.Ger. riche,

O.H.Ger. rihhi]
Eng. Rieh.

REINHARDT (Ger.) Mightily Firm or
Brave [see Renard in Diet:]

RENAUD 1

RPNfli II T ( ^^^ these Fr.-Teut. names in the

RENAUT (Diet.; and Reynold, Reginald.

REY (Fr.) King

[see Rey' in Diet.]

RICARD (Fr.) Powerfully Brave [see
Ricard, Richard, in Diet.]

RICARDO (Span; and Portug.) form .of
Ricard, Richard, q.v. in Diet.

RICHTER (Ger.) Judge; Magistrate [f.

richten, M.H.Ger. O.H.Ger. rihten, to

adjust, settle]

RITTER (Ger.) Knight; Cavalier [M.H.Ger.
ritter; f. Flem. : cp. M.Dut. ridder\

RIVIERE (Fr.) River [see under Rivers in

Diet.]

RODRIGUEZ. (Span.) genit. oi Rodrigo, i.e.
Roderick, q.v. in Diet.

ROSENBAUM (Ger.) Rose-Tree ; Rhodo-
dendron [Ger. rose, pi. and adj. form
rosen, ■ i. Lat. rosa, rose -j- Ger.- baum,
O.H.Ger. 6fl«»», tree]

ROSENBERG (Ger.) Rose-Hill [see under

Rosenbaum, and + Ger. berg, O.H.Ger.

berg, hill, mountain]

ROSENBLOHM (Ger.) Rose-Blossom [see
under Rosenbaum, and + a L.Ger. form,
blohm (Dut. bloem, Fris. blom), of High Ger.
blume, O.H.Ger. bluoma, flower, blossom]

ROSEN FELD (Ger.) Rose-Field [see under
Rosenbaum, and -|- Ger. O.HiGer. feld,

field]

ROSENHEIM (Ger.) Rose-Enclosure [see
under Rosenbaum, and + Ger. O.H.Ger. ,
lieim, home, enclosure]

ROSENI^RANZ (Ger.) Rose-Garland ;

• Rosary [see under Rosenbaum, and +

Ger. O.H.Ger. kram, garland, wreath]

ROSENTHAL (Ger.) Rose- Valley [see under

Rosenbaum, and + Ger. thai, O.H.Ger.

tal, valley, dale]

ROTH (Ger.) Red, Ruddy [Ger. roth, O.H.Ger.

rdl]

ROTHSCHILD (Ger.) Red Shield (sign-name)

[see under Roth, and + Ger. schild,

O.H.Ger. scilt, shield, escutcheon]

ROUGEMONT (Fr.) Red Mount [Fr. rouge,

L.Lat. rubjus, Lat. rubeus, red + Fr. mont,

Lat. mons, montis, hill]

ROYER (Fr.) Wheelwright [Dial. Fr. royer,
L.Lat. rotari-us; f. Lat. rota, a wheel]

RUBENSTEIN 1 (Ger.) Ruby-Stone (Ger.-
RUBINSTEIN /Jewish nickname) [Ger.

rubitt, L.Lat. rubin-us, a ruby ; Lat.

rube-US, red -|- Ger. O.H.Ger. iteiB, a stone]

SACHS
SAX

j (Ger.) Saxon [see Sax(e in Diet.]
SAUER (Ger.) Sour

SCHAEFER
SCHAEFFER
SCHAFER
SCHAFFER

Morose [M.H.Ger.
O.H.Ger. jdr]

(Ger.) Shepherd [Ger. schdfer;-

f. (with agent, suff. -er) schaf,

M.H.Ger. sch&f, O.H.Ger. scAf,

a sheep]

Schenk

327

Speyer

SCHENK (Ger.) Wine and Spirit Retailer ;
Cupbearer [M.H.Ger. schenke, O.H.Ger.

scenko]
SCHILLER (Ger.) Squinter [for Ger, schieler,
squinting person; f. schel, M.H.Ger.
schel(ch, O.H.Ger. scelah, awry, squint-
eyed]
Many admirers of the German poet,
however, prefer to connect his name with
Ger. Schiller, ' colour-play,' ' iridescence.'

SCHLESINGER (Ger.) Bel. to Schleus-

INGEN (Thuringia) \^itigen, dat. pi. of the

'son' suff. -ing\

SCHLOSS (Ger.) Castle [M.H.Ger. sloz

(z as ss), castle, lock, bar ; f. M.H.Ger.

sliezen, O.H.Ger. sliozan (mod. Ger.

schliessen), to lasten, lock]

SCHLOSSER (Ger.) Locksmith [etym. as
under Schloss ; Ger. agent, suff. -er\

SCHMIDT \ (Ger.) Smith [Ger. schmied (Low

SCHMITT/Ger. ««iY;, MJH.Ger. smid, smit,

O.H.Ger. smid, smith]

SCHNEIDER (Ger.) Tailor, Cutter [f. Ger.
schneiden, M.H.Ger. sniden, O.H.Ger.
snidan, to cut]
SCHRODER
SCHROEDER
SCHROETER
SCHROTER

(Ger.) Cutter .[f. Ger.

schroten, M.H.Ger. schrdten,

O.H.Ger. scrotan, to cut]

SCHULTZ

SCHULZ

SCHULZE

(Ger,) Magistrate, Bailiff,
Mayor [Ger. schulze, f. M.H.Ger.
schultheize (mod. Ger. sehultheiss),

O.H.Ger. scultheiso (= A.-Sax. scyldkasta]

SCHUMACHER (Ger.) Shoemaker [Ger.

schuh, M.H.Ger, schuoch, O.H.Ger. scuoh,

shoe -f- Ger. macher, f. machen, M.H.Ger.

macheit, O.H.Ger. mahhSn, to make]

SCHUMANN (Ger.) Shoemaker [see under
Schumacher; and -|- mann, man]

SCHUSTER (Ger.) Shoemaker [M.H.Ger.
schuoch-, schuoh-sAtare; Lat. sutor, cobbler]

SCHUTZ (Ger.) Archer; Ranger [Ger.
schUtz{e, (mod.) marksman, rifleman,
archer, &c.; M.H.Ger. schiitze; O.H.Ger.

scuzzo]

SCHWAB 1 (Ger.) Swabian [Ger. Schwdbe,
SCHWABE J M.H.Ger. Swdbe ; O..E. Swdsfe
(pi.) ; Lat.-Teut. national name Suebi,
Suevi. The Suebi or Suevi were prob.
the 'Swoopers'; f. the prehist. form of
O.H.Ger. sweifan (mod. schweifen) — O.E.
sivdpan, to sweep, swoop, rush, brandish
(a sword) ; prim. conn, with O.H.Ger.
sweihdn, mod. schweben, to hover]

SCHWANN (Ger.) Swan [Ger. schwan,
M.H.Get O.H.Ger. swan]

SCHWARTZ \ (Ger.) Black [Ger. schwarz
SCHWARZ J (z as te), M.H.Ger. O.H.Ger.

swarz]
Eng. Swart.

SCHWEITZER j (Ger.) Switzer, Swiss

SCHWEIZER y [Ger. Schweizer (z as te) : see

Switzer in Diet.]

SELIGMAN(N (Ger.) Blessed or Happy
Man [Ger. selig, O.H.Ger. sdlig, happy,

blessed]
Eng. SMIiman.

SIEBERT 1 (Ger.) Victory-Glorious

SIGEBERT I [M.H.Ger. sige (mod. sieg),

O.H.Ger. sigi, victory + M.H.Ger. ber{h)t,

O.H.Ger. beraht, bright, glorious]

Eng. Sebright'.

SIEGMUND 1 (Ger.) Victorious Protec-

SIGMUND J HON or Protector [Ger. sieg,

M.H.Ger. sige, O.H.Ger. sigi, victory -|-

• Ger. mund, M.H.Ger. O.H.Ger. munt,

hand, protection, &c.]

SIEMENS (Ger.) for Siegmunds, genit. of
Slegmund, q.v.

SILBERMANN (Ger.) Silver-Man (Ger.-

Jewisb nick- or trade-name) [M.H.Ger.

silber, O.H.Ger. silbar, silver -f- manifi]

SILBERSTEIN (Ger.) Silver-Stone (Ger.-

Jewish nick- or trade-name) [M.H.Ger.

silber, O.H.Ger. siWar, silver -|- M.H.Ger.

O.H.Ger. jtei«, stone]

SILVERBERG (Ger.) Silver-Hill [Silver-
repr. the Low Ger. form, silwr, sulwr
(w as v), of M.H.Ger. silber, O.H.Ger.
silbar, silver + berg (M.H.Ger. O.H.Ger.

berg), hill]

SOHN (Ger.) Son [Ger. sohn, M.H.Grer. sun,
O.H.Ger. sun{u'\

SONNENSCHEIN (Ger.) Sunshine (nick-
name) [f. Ger. Sonne, M.H.Ger. sunne,
O.H.Ger. sunna, sun -|- Ger. schein, m.,
M.H.Ger. schin, O.H.Ger. scin, sliine]

SPERLING (Ger.) Sparrow [Ger. Sperling,

{. M.H.Ger. spar, O.H.Ger. sparo, sparrow

+ the (double) dim. suff. -ling}

SPEYER (Ger.) Bel. to Speyer or Spires
(Bavaria), the 8th-cent. Spiraha [O.H.Ger.
aha, a stream : the first elem. evid. repr.
the O.H.Ger. form of Ger. spier, 'fine
blade of grass'; cog;n. with O.E. sp(r,

Spiegel

328

Voigt

spike, stalk, 'tapering shoot (of reed),'
and Dan.-Norw. spire; sprout, sprig]

The stream, at whose confluence with

tlie Rhine Speyer is situated, is now

called Speyerbach [Ger. bach, rivulet]

SPIEGEL l(Ger.) Mirror (nick- or trade-

SPIEGL [name) [Ger. Spiegel, M.H.Ger.

Spiegel, O.H.Ger. spiagal; ult. f. Lat.

specul-um, a mirror]

SPIELER (Ger.) Player, Actor, Performer
[Ger. spieler; f. spielen, O.H.Ger. spilon,

to play]
Eng. Spiller.

SPIELMANN (Ger.) Musician; Minstrel
[Ger. spielihann ; f. spielen, as under

Spieler]
Eng. Splllman.

SPIESS (Ger.) Spear, Lance [Ger. spiess,
M.H.Ger. spiez, O.H.Ger. spioz]

SPIRO 1(Gr.) app. ,a contr. of the Greek
SPYRO ) pers. (nick-) name Spyridon
(Sirvpldwv), a dim. form (Gr. cnrvpiSiov) of
Gr. (Tirvpls, 'a round basket,' ' fish-basket.'
The patronymic . form Spirop{o)ulo also
occurs in England [Mod. Gr. iroi3\os, Anc.
Gr. irfflXos, a young man, son] '

STAHL (Ger.) Steel [M.H.Ger. stahel,
O.H.Ger. stahal, stdl]

STEIN (Ger.) Stone, Rock [O.H.Ger. steiri]

STEIN BACH (Ger.) Stony or Rocky Brook
[see Stein and Bach]

STEINBERG (Ger.) Stony or Rocky Hill
[see Stein and Berg]

STEINER (Ger.) i Dweller by a Rock
[= Stein (q.v.) -|- the agent, suff. -er]
2 Stone, i.e. Hard or Stuong War-
rior [O.Ger. Steinher, Steinhar: see Stein,
and -I- O.H.Ger. O.Sax. heri, hari, army ;
in pers. noraencl. short for heriman[n;

hariman{n\

STEINHARDT (Ger.) Stone or Rock Hard

[see Stein, and -|- O.H.Ger. hart(i =

O.L.Ger. hard, hard, strong]

STEINMETZ (Ger.) Stonemason [M.H.Ger.
steinmetze, O.H.Ger. steinmeszd]

STERN (Ger.) Star [M.H.Ger. sterne,
O.H.Ger. sterno\

STRAUSS (Ger.) Crest, Tuft (nickname)
[M.H.Ger. O.H.Ger. str&z, also denoting

' ostrich ']
STURM (Ger.) Storm [O.HIier. sturm'\

Eng, Storm.

TAILLEFER (Fr.) Cut Iron (nickname) [see

Talfer in Diet.]

THIBAUD

THIBAULT

THIBAUT

THIEBAUD

THIEBAULT

THIEBAUT

(Fr.) People-Rold [see
Theobald in Diet.]

THIERRY (Fr.) People or Mighty Ruler
[see Terry and Theodoric in Diet.]

UHRMACHER (Ger.) Watch or Clock

Maker [Ger. uhr, clock, watch ; earlier

Ar, Lat. hora, hour -|- Ger. macher, f.

machen, O.H.Ger. mahhdn, to make]

ULLMAN(N (Ger.) Allodial Man, i.e. Owner
[an assim. form of O.Ger. Uodalmanin —
uodal = O.Sax. gSil = O.N. («Sa/ (Dan,-
Norw. odel), ancestral property, patri-
mony, family estate, &c. -|- O.Ger. man{n
= O.N. maiS-r (with lost «(«) : cp. O.N.
SSalma'S-r, allodial owner]

VANBRUGH (Flem. and Dut.) Of the Bridge

[contr. of Van de Brug — van de (fem.), of

the -I- hrug, bridge]

VANDERBILT (Dut!) Of the Heap or Mound

[Dut. man, of -f der, fem. genit. of de, the

-|- belt, a heap, mound]

VANDERVELD(E (Dut.) Or the Field [see
under Vanderbilt, and + Dut. veld, field]

VANDYCK
VAN DYCK
VANDYKE

(Flem. and Dut.) Of the Dike
[contr. of Van den Dyck or Dijk
(masc]

VAN G ELDER (Dut.) Of GELDER(land [Dut.

van, of]
VERNIER (Fr.) see Verrier in Diet.

VIEHWEG 1 (Ger.) Cattle Way or Run [Ger.
VIEWEG ]vieh, M.H.Ger. vihe, O.H.Ger.

Jihu, fehu, cattle -(- Ger. weg, M.H.Ger.

O.H.Ger. wee = O.Sax. weg, way, road, &c.J

VOGEU (Ger.) Fowl, Bird [M.H.Ger. vogel,
O.H.Ger. fogal'= Dut. vogel]

VOGLER (Ger.) Fowler, Birdcatcher
[= Vogel (q.v.) + the agent, suff. -er]

VOGT (Ger.) Overseer; Bailiff; Warden
Steward; Constable [M.H.Ger. vog{e)t,
O.H.Ger. fogat; L.Lat. vocat-us; Lat.
* advocat-us]

VOIGT, a var. of Vogt.

Volkart

329

Zim merman (n

VOLKART \ (Ger.) the High Ger. form of the

VOLKERT; A.-Fr. Folkard = People-Brave

[Ger. voli, M.H.Ger. volk, vole, O.H.Ger.

folc, folk, nation + Ger. O.H.Ger. hart,

hard, brave : see further under Foulkes

in Diet.]

VOLLMAR \ (Ger.) for earlier Volkmar =

VOLLMER J People -Famous [see under

Volkart, and + M.H.Ger. mtEre, O.H.Ger.

O.L.Ger. mdri, famous, illustrious]

VOOGHT (Dut.) Guardian [Dut. voogd: cp.

Vogt]

VOSS (Dut.) Fox [Dut. vos = Low Ger. fos

= High Ger. fuclis, O.H.Ger. vuhs]

WAGNER (Ger.) Wagoner; (mod.) Cart-
wright [M.H.Ger. wagener, O.H.Ger.

wagandri]

WEBER (Ger.) Weaver [M.H.Ger. weber;

f. M.H.Ger. weben, O.H.Ger. weban, to

weave]

WEIGAND\(Ger.) Warrior, Hero [Ger.

VJEXGkHJ ] weigand, M.H.Ger. O.H.Ger.

wigaiit : cp. Wigan^ in Diet.]

WEIL (Ger.) ViLL (local name) [O.H.Ger.
^wila, f. Lat. villa (Fr. ville\

WEILER (Ger.) Bel. to Weiler = the Village,

Hamlet [Ger. weiler, M.H.Ger. \wller,

O.H.Ger. wildri; L.Lat. villari-us': see

Villiers in Diet.]

WEINBERG (Ger.) Vineyard (on a hill) [Ger.

ivein, wine, vine; M.H.Ger. O.H.Ger.

•win, f. Lat. vin-um, wine -f- Ger. M.H.Ger.

O.H.Ger. berg, hill]

WEINGARTEN (Ger.) Vineyard [see under

Weinberg, and -f- Ger. garten, M.H.Ger.

garte, O.H.Ger. garto, garden]

WEINGARTNER (Ger.) Vine-Dresser [see
Weingarten, and + the agent, suff. -er]

WEINSTEIN (Ger.) Vine-Rock [see under

Weinberg, and -|- Ger. O.H.Ger. stein,

stone, rock]

WEISS (Ger.) White [Ger. weiss, M.H.Ger.
O.H.Ger. wlz, oMer hwr'z]

WEISSMAN(N (Ger.) White or Fair Man
[see Weiss, and -|- Ger. mann, O.H.Ger.

'man{n]
WERNER .\(Ger.) True or Trusty Army
WERNHER; [see Warner' in Diet.]

WINKLER (Ger.) Dweller in the Corner
or Nook [f. Ger. winkel, M.H.Ger. winkel,
O.H.Ger. winkil, corner, &c. -)- the agent.

suff. -CT-]

WIRTH (Ger.) Landlord ; Tavern- or Res-
taurant-Keeper [M.H.Ger. O.H.Ger.

wiri\

WOHLGEMUTH (Ger.) Joyous, Gay [Ger.

. wohl, M.H.Ger. wol, O.H.Ger. wola, well

-t- Ger. gemut(h, disposition, spirit, mood ;

M.H.Ger. gemuot, O.H.Ger. gimuoti]

WOOLF } e^^""-^ "^°'-'^ t^^"'- OH.Ger. wolf]

WOLFGANG (Ger.) Wolf-Going (prob. orig.
a nickname for a wolf-tracker) [Ger.
O.H.Ger. wolf + Ger. O.H.Ger. gang,

going]

YGLESIAS (Span.) Churches (Dweller by

the) [pi. of Span, iglesia, L.Lat. ecclesia,

church ; Gr. iKK\ti<rla, assembly, church]

ZIEGLER (Ger.) Brickmaker, Tiler [Ger.,
ziegler; f. ziegel, O.H.Ger, ziagal (f. Lat.
tegula), brick, tile -\- the agent, suff. -er]

ZIMMERMAN(N (Ger.) Carpenter £f. Ger.

zimmer, room, timber, timber-building;

M.H.Ger. zimber, O.H.Ger. zimbar +

Ger. mann, O.H.Ge*. man{n, man]

Aglionby

330

Cantilupe

AMENDMENTS AND ADDITIONS.

[This short Itsl, embodying the two bHef lists of Addenda and Corrigenda already published,^
is partly anticipatory of the Supplement which is in preparation.']

AGLIONBY (Fr.-Lat. + Scand.) Bel. to Ag-
lionby (Cumb.), 14th cent. Agillonby, 13th
cent. Aglounbi, Aglunby = Aguillon's
Estate [the pers. name is a nickname 1.
O.Fr. aguillon (mod. Fr. aiguillon), a goad,
spur, a dim. of aguille (tnod. aiguille), a
needle ; f. Lat. acule-us, dim. ol ac-iis, a
needle + O.N. by-r, farmstead, estate]

ALLAN 1 (Celt.) Tlie Wei. Alun and Bret.

ALLEN J Alan or Alain are doubtless cogn.
with Gael, alainn = Ir. dluin{n, dlain{n,
O.lv. alaind, 'bright,' 'fair,' ' handsome.'

ALLMAN (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Teut.) a more likely
etymology is given under D'Allemagne
in the Appendix of Foreign Names.

ALMARIC(H (Teut.) [the first element Amal-

is doubtless, with dim. suff. -/, f. O.Teut.

am{m)a (cp. O.H.Ger. and O.N. amma,

Mod. Gar. amme, foster-mother]

ANT(H)ONY (A.-Lat.-Gr.) see the etymology
under Anton in the Appendix of Foreign

Names.

ARDERN "1 (Eng.) The Cheshire bearers of
ARDERNE J this name seem to have been 'de
Ardene' (see Arden) in the 14th cent. —

Sir John de Ardene. —

Chesh. Chmbrlns.' Accts, A.D. 1342-3,
A.D. 1353-4.

BIRKMYRE (Scand.) Dweller at the Birch-
Moor [O.N. biork, birch - tree -|- m$r-r,

moor]

BOOT (Eng.) The A.-Sax. Bota, Bote, Botta
, are f. O.E. bdt = O.Sax. b6ta, ' compensa-
tion,' 'atonement,' 'remedy.'

BOSCAWEN (Celt.) Dweller at the Residence

by the Elder-Tree [Corn. bo{s, bod —

Wei. bod, a dwelling -f- the Corn. cogn.

of Wei. ysgawen, elder-tree]

BOSTON (Eng.) The A.-Sax. pers. name
Botwiilf here involved is f. O.E. bdt (see
Bott below) -I- wulf.

BOTT (Eng.) The A.-Sax. Bota, Botta, Bote
are f. O.E. bdt — O.Sax. bdta, 'compensa-
tion,' ' atonement,' ' remedy.'

BRETTARGH [the second
represents tlie O.N.

element prob.

horg-r = O.N.E.Aaf^,

a heathen temple, aItar,-or cairn]

BRITTAIN
BRITTAN
BRITTEN
BRITTON

BUTTARl

butter;

BUTTERICK 2

(Celt.) for the etymology see
under Le Breton in the Appen-
dix of Foreign Name's.

[The first element in these
pers. namesmay also be O.E.
b6t = O.Sax. bota, compensa-
tion, atonement, remedy]

CALDER (Celt.) Stony. Water [Celt, cal,
stone (seen in Wei. calen, whetstone,
caled = Ir. caladh, hard, stony, caletir-^
tir; ground — , hard or stony ground ; Ir.
and Gael.rfacA — iorcal-ach — stone) ; cogn.
with Lat. calx, stone, and therefore with
Eng. chalk + the early form - of Wei,
dw{f)r, Bret, dour, Ir.. and Gael, dobhar,
Gaul, dubr-, water]

In Scottish mediaeval charters the name
occurs as Caldour, Kaledour, Caledofre,
Caldovere, &c. .

Cp. Colne.

CAMPBELL*(Celt.) is prob. the same name
as the Gaul. Cambaulis (KojU;8ai)\is) men-
tioned by Pausanias.

CANTILUPE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Canteloup
(Normandy). The name denotes a locality
where wolves were commonly heard
"singing," i.e.howhng [f. O.Fr.and North.
Fr. canter (Fr. chanter), Lat. cantare, to
sing -f- Fr. loup, Lat. lup-us, a wolf]

This is one of a series of similarly
formed French place-names — C(h)ante-
merle [Fr. merle, blackbird], C(h)ante-
perdrix [Fr. perdrix, partridge], Sue, &c.
There are villages called Canteloup in
the Manche and Calvados Depts., and
others called Chanteloup in the Eiire,
Manche, and other French Depts.

Cardell

331

Geddes

CARDELL (Celt.) A •deKardiir was mayor
of Newcastle c. a.d. 1200 [earlier forms
are desirable ; but the probabilities point
to Wei. caer, a fortified place + a pers.
name, perh. Digol^Wel digoll, perfect :
there is a Caer Digol in Montgomeryshire]

CARLI(S)LE. The .Roman Luguvallum prob.
means 'Bright or Shining Wall' [f. the
early form of Wei. Hug, bright, &c. (cp.
Lyons^) + Lat. vall-um [uall-um), a wall]

GAUNTER (A.-Fr.) chiefly a var. of Canter-,
q.v.

CHALFONT. The Bucks Chalfont is doubtless
the Ceadeks funta ('Ceadel's Fount') re-
ferred to in the endorsement of a loth-
cent. Bucks charter ('Cart. Sax.' no. 883)
[the pers. name Ceadel is the A.-Sax.
Ceadia (see Chad) with the dim. suff. -et\

CHARNLEY "I (Eng.) a more likely etym. is

CHARNOCK ) O.E. ge)cymod, 'rough' [conn.

with the stem of O.E. cyrnel, a grain]

CHART.

A rough common overrun with gorse,
broom, bracken, &c. —

Diet. Kent. Dial, p. 28.

COLNE 1 (Celt.) Stony River [Celt, cat,

CALNE I stone (see under Calder above):

the n in the name is a relic of the common

Celt, word for 'river' — Wei. afon, O.Wel.

avon, Lat.-Celt. Abona; Gael, dbhuinn,

Ir. abhainn (pron. owen), O.Ir. abami\

CONAN (Celt.) Sense, Wisdom [Gael, and
Ir. con{n, sense, &c. + the dim. suff. -dti]

COUCH (Celt.) a Cornish form of Cooch

[Wei. coch, red]

COWPERTHWAITE (Scand.) I have been

informed by a distant relative tjearing

this surname that it is the name of a

small place in Westmorland.

CRUNDALL) (Celt.) is the O.E. crundel, a
CRUNDELL ) frequent word in A.-Sax. land-
charters, whose origin has been much
discussed in the past. Since this name
was dealt with in the present Diet, the
writer has pointed out, in a short paper
read before the Philological Society (an
incorrect summary of which was unfor-
tunately sent to 'The Athenaeum'), that the
A.-Sax. crundel is f. the early form of
Wei. cronell 'a round object,' .f. cron,
crwn, 'round,' 'circular' = Gael, and Ir.
cruinn, O.Ir. cruind, 'round'; and denoted
a (round) Tumulus or Barrow or (stone)
'Circle (a st^n crundel is mentioned
in one A.-Sax. charter) [conn, with

E. crown]

CURNEW "I 2 One from (a) Cornwall (CoRN-

CURNOW J ISHMAN) [Corn. Cernow, Kernow

(Wei. Cernyw), Cornwall]

(6) Kerneo, KerneC (Fr. Cornouaille),

Brittany [cp. Bret, kerneu, pi. of korn, a

horn]

DARWEN (Celt.) earlier Derwent (river-name)
= the White or Clear Water [f. the
early form of Wei. dwr ( = Bret, dour =
Gaul, dubr-, vyater; -|- the early form of
Wei. g)wyti (m.), g)wen (f.) (final -t or -d
lost), white, clear: the vowel-change in
the first elem. is due to the influence of
the -e- in the second elem.]

ECCLES (Eng.) the genit. of the A.-Sax. pers.

name Ecci, Ecca, JEcce or Mcci, with

dim. suff. -I [prob. f. a var. of O.E. ecg,

edge, point, sword; cogn. with O.H.Ger.

echi (mod. ecke) = O.N. egg, edge, &c.]

ECCLESTON 2 the genit, of the A.-Sax. pers.
name noted under Eccles + O.E. tun,
' farmstead,' &c.

FARADAY (Celt.) the O.Ir. Feradach (as in the
'Life of- St. Columba,' I. xii.) = Illus-
trious Man [O.Ir. fer (mod. fear), man
H- ad, illustrious -|- the intens. suff. -acK\

FIREBRACE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) theO.Fr. Fierebrace,
Fierebrache, Ferebrace, Ferebraz, Ferbras,
etc. = Stout or Fierce Arm [O.Fr. fier,
fer, stout, bold, fierce, cruel (Mod. Fr.
^«r, proud) ; Lat. fer-us, wild, rough, sav-
age -|- O.Fr. brace, brache, L.Lat. brachia,
Lat. brachium, an arm (Mod. Fr. bras
(earlier also braz), an arm, is f. brachium;
while brachia, pi. of brachium, has given
Fr. brasse, a fathom : cp. Mod. Fr. fier-A-
bras, a bully]
Cp. Fairbrass; but the detailed evi-
dence collected by Mr. C. W. Firebrace
apparently shows that Fairbrass and
Farbrace are really of the same origin as
Firebrac*.

GARVIN (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the Fr.-Teut, form of
the A.-Sax. Gdrwine = Spear-Friend
[O.Sax. O.H.Ger. gir = O.N. geir-r =
O.E. gdr, a spear + O.Sax. O.H.Ger.
wi^i = O.N. vin-r = O.E. wine, a friend]

GEDDES. Mr. W. West, of Enniskillen,
formerly of Nairn, tells me that there is
an estate of this name in Nairnshire; but
the local name may be from tlie pers.
name.

Qeikie

332

5trawson

GEIKIE (Teut.) a dim. form of Geck(e, q.v.
[Scot. dim. sufF. -ie]

GILLMORE may also be f. the Gael, gille,
'lad,' 'servant' + mdr, 'big,' 'great.'

GRAY 2 Bel. to Graye, Calvados (Norm.),

A.D. 1086 Graeium, 1203 Grae [app. Bret.

grae, a sand-flat]

GUELPH : see under Whelp in Diet.

HALE (Eng.) when the meaning is 'Slope'
the etym. is O.E. h(e)al(d = O.N. hall-r
= O.H.Ger. halda, mod. Ger. halde.

HALGH (Eng.) the meaning -'Slope' shoiild
here be deleted.

HANWELL (Eng.) Bel. to Hanwell (M'sex :
Domesday Hanewelle; Oxon : 13th cent.
Hanewell) = the Cock-Spring (spring
frequented by the woodcock) [O.E. hana
(= Ger. hahn, O.H.Ger. hano) -f- w(i)ell{a,
a spring, well]
Analogy, in this country and on the
Continent, shows that the very rare pers.
name Hana is not in question here. The
oblique form 'on hanan welle,' 'to the
cock-spring,' occurs twice in a Wiltshire
charter A.D. 901 (' Cart. Sax.' no. 588),

HARE (Celt.) see O'Hare.

HORDERN (Eng.) It is perhaps tempting
to see in this name the O.E. hordern,
' treasury,' ' storehouse '; but the proba-
bilities are all against the theory; and
the two places called Hordern are in the
same North-Mercian region where the
O.E. ceorl- has yielded in place-names
the form Chorl-. So that the meaning
' Herd-House ' given in the Diet, must
stand.

ISBISTER (Scand.) Bel. to Isbister (Orkney
and Shetland); anc. Osbuster and Usbuster
= the- East Farmstead [O.N. austr -)-

b6lstaV-r'\
See ' Old r Lore Miscellany' (Viking
Club), July 1912, p. 104.

ITHELL is prob. not pure Celtic but a
borrowing of 0;E. eeTpel, ' noble,' ' famous,'
which survives today, uncompounded, in
the fem. name ' Ethel ' only. "

LALLIE, a' double dim, of Laurence, q.v.
[E. dim. suff. -i«]

MANCHESTER (Gelt. -|- Lat.) the A.-Sax.
Mame ceaster [O.E. ceaster, a fortified
place, town, usually of Roman orig. ;
Lat. castra, a camp ], Lat.-Celt. Mancunio,
Mancunium. [The Roman forms (as in
the case of London^ postulate a pers.
name with the possess, or domanial suff.
-ium, -ion. Mancun-os prob. means 'Little
or Petty Chief,' from forms represented
in Welsh by mAn, little, petty, and cun,
leader, chief, lord]

MISTERTON. The Notts place, although
Misterton in the 13th cent., in Domesday-
Book is Ministretone = the Minster-
Town [O.E. mynstir, Lat. monasterium, a
monastery, church]. The Leicestershire
Misterton occurs as Minsterton in the
14th cent. . •

RIBBLE. The form iJiife? occurs in an A.-Sax6n
will c. A.D. 1000, as the writer himself
pointed out in-1898. We may compare
the Breton ribl, ' i^iverbank,' ' waterside.'

SPARE (Eng.) Sparing, Frugal, Thrifty
[O.E. sptzr = O.N. spatr = O.H.Ger.spar]

STRAWSON. The Rev. S. C. Wood, Rector of
Stroxton, Lines, informs me that that
place is referred to in 1612 as "Stroxton
alias Strawson," that in an Institution to
Benefice a.d. 1558 the parish is called
both Stroxton and Strawston, and that a
'Thomas de Stroweston ' occurs in 1366.
This, trienj _ is evidently the Stro'SistAn
of an iith-cent, agreement (/ore«;(e)ard)
printed in 'Dipil. Angl.', p. 595 [the pers.
name Stro'^ is app. f. O.E. stnidan, pp.
stroden, to pillage]